text:
This Frequently Asked Questions technology overview covers these SNMP-related areas:
This section presents frequently asked questions and answers related to SNMP support on the Junos OS.
Which SNMP versions does the Junos OS support?
The Junos OS supports SNMP version 1 (SNMPv1), version 2 (SNMPv2c), and version 3 (SNMPv3). By default, SNMP is disabled on a Juniper Networks device. To enable SNMP, see the instructions in Configuring SNMP on Devices Running the Junos OS in the Best Practices SNMP-Based Network Management on Devices Running Junos OS document.
Which ports (sockets) does SNMP use?
The default port for SNMP queries is port 161. The default port for SNMP traps and informs is port 162. The ports used by SNMP are configurable, and you can configure your system to use ports other than the defaults.
Is SNMP support different among Junos OS platforms?
No, SNMP support is not different among Junos OS platforms. SNMP configuration, interaction, and behavior are the same on any Junos OS device. The only difference that might occur across platforms is MIB support. See Junos OS MIBs FAQs for more information about MIB support on Junos OS platforms.
See also the Junos OS Network Management Configuration Guide for a list of MIBs that are supported across Junos OS platforms.
Does the Junos OS support the user-based security model (USM)?
Yes, the Junos OS supports USM as part of its support for SNMPv3. SNMPv3 contains more security measures than previous versions of SNMP, including providing a defined USM. SNMPv3 USM provides message security through data integrity, data origin authentication, message replay protection, and protection against disclosure of the message payload.
Does the Junos OS support the view-based access control model (VACM)?
Yes, the Junos OS supports VACM as part of its support for SNMPv3. SNMPv3 contains more security measures than previous versions of SNMP, including providing a defined VACM. SNMPv3 VACM determines whether a specific type of access (read or write) to the management information is allowed.
Does the Junos OS support SNMP informs?
Yes, the Junos OS supports SNMP informs as part of its support for SNMPv3. SNMP informs are confirmed notifications sent from SNMP agents to SNMP managers when significant events occur on a network device. When an SNMP manager receives an inform, it sends a response to the sender to verify receipt of the inform.
Can I provision or configure a device using SNMP on the Junos OS?
No, provisioning or configuring a device using SNMP is not allowed on the Junos OS.
This section presents frequently asked questions and answers related to Junos OS MIBs.
What is a MIB?
A management information base (MIB) is a table of definitions for managed objects in a network device. MIBs are used by SNMP to maintain standard definitions of all of the components and their operating conditions within a network device. Each object in the MIB has an identifying code called an object identifier (OID).
MIBs are either standard or enterprise-specific. Standard MIBs are created by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) and documented in various RFCs. Enterprise-specific MIBs are developed and supported by a specific equipment manufacturer.
For a list of supported standard MIBs, see Standard SNMP MIBs Supported by Junos OS in the Junos OS SNMP MIBs and Traps Reference document.
For a list of Juniper Networks enterprise-specific MIBs, see Juniper Networks Enterprise-Specific MIBs in the Junos OS SNMP MIBs and Traps Reference document.
Do MIB files reside on Junos OS devices?
No, MIB files do not reside on Junos OS devices. You must download the MIB files from the Juniper Networks Technical Publications page for the required Junos OS release: http://www.juniper.net/techpubs/software/junos/mibs.html .
How do I compile and load Junos OS MIBs onto an SNMP manager or NMS?
For your network management systems (NMSs) to identify and understand the MIB objects used by the Junos OS, you must first load the MIB files to your NMS using a MIB compiler. A MIB compiler is a utility that parses the MIB information, such as the MIB object names, IDs, and data types for the NMS.
You can download the Junos OS MIB package from the Enterprise-Specific MIBs and Traps section at http://www.juniper.net/techpubs/software/junos/mibs.html or http://www.juniper.net/techpubs/software/junos/index.html .
The Junos OS MIB package has two folders: StandardMibs, containing standard MIBs supported on Juniper Networks devices, and JuniperMibs, containing Juniper Networks enterprise-specific MIBs. You must have the required standard MIBs downloaded and decompressed before downloading any enterprise-specific MIBs. There might be dependencies that require a particular standard MIB to be present on the compiler before loading a particular enterprise-specific MIB.
The Junos OS MIB package is available in .zip and .tar formats. Download the format appropriate for your requirements.
Use the following steps to load MIB files for devices running the Junos OS:
Note: Although the link is titled Enterprise MIBs, both standard MIBs and enterprise-specific MIBs are available for download from this location.
Load the files in the following order:
Note: You must follow the order specified in this procedure, and ensure that all standard MIBs are loaded before you load the enterprise-specific MIBs. There might be dependencies that require a particular standard MIB to be present on the compiler before loading a particular enterprise-specific MIB. Dependencies are listed in the IMPORT section of the MIB file.
After loading the standard MIBs, load the Juniper Networks enterprise-specific SMI MIB, mib-jnx-smi.txt, and the following optional SMI MIBs based on your requirements:
Tip: While loading a MIB file, if the compiler returns an error message indicating that any of the objects are undefined, open the MIB file using a text editor and ensure that all the MIB files listed in the IMPORT section are loaded on the compiler. If any of the MIB files listed in the IMPORT section are not loaded on the compiler, load the missing file or files first, then try to load the MIB file that failed.
The system might return an error if files are not loaded in a particular order.
What is SMI?
Structure of Management Information Version (SMI) is a subset of Abstract Syntax Notation One (ASN.1), which describes the structure of objects. SMI is the notation syntax, or "grammar", that is the standard for writing MIBs.
Which versions of SMI does the Junos OS support?
The Junos OS supports SMIv1 for SNMPv1 MIBs, and SMIv2 for SNMPv2c and enterprise MIBs.
Does Junos OS support MIB II?
Yes, the Junos OS supports MIB II, the second version of the MIB standard.
The features of MIB II include:
Refer to the relevant release documentation for a list of MIBs that are supported. Go to http://www.juniper.net/techpubs/software/junos/index.html .
Are the same MIBs supported across all Juniper Networks devices?
There are some common MIBs supported by all Junos OS devices, such as the Interface MIB (ifTable), System MIB, and Chassis MIB. Some MIBs are supported only by functionalities on specific platforms. For example, the Bridge MIB is supported on the EX Series Ethernet Switches and the SRX Series Services Gateways for the branch.
What is the system object identifier (SYSOID) of a device? How do I determine the SYSOID of my device?
The jnx-chas-defines (Chassis Definitions for Router Model) MIB has a jnxProductName branch for every Junos OS device. The system object ID of a device is identical to the object ID of the jnxProductName for the platform. For example, for an M7i Multiservice Edge Router, the jnxProductNameM7i is .188.8.131.52.4.1.26126.96.36.199.2.10 in the jnxProductName branch, which is identical to the SYSOID of the M7i (.184.108.40.206.4.1.26184.108.40.206.2.10).
How can I determine if a MIB is supported on a platform? How can I determine which MIBs are supported by a device?
MIBs device and platform support is listed on the Junos OS Technical Documentation index page. Go to http://www.juniper.net/techpubs/software/junos/ and select your version or release of the Junos OS. Navigate to the SNMP MIBs and Traps Reference. The SNMP MIBs and Traps Reference specifies which MIBs are supported on the different platforms.
What can I do if the MIB OID query is not responding?
There can be various reasons why the MIB OID query stops responding. One reason could be that the MIB itself is unresponsive. To verify that the MIB responds, use the show snmp mib walk | get MIB name | MIB OID command:
If you continue to have problems with the MIB OID query, technical product support is available through the Juniper Networks Technical Assistance Center (JTAC).
What is the enterprise branch number for the Junos OS?
The enterprise branch number for the Junos OS is 2636. Enterprise branch numbers are used in SNMP MIB configurations, and they are also known as SMI network management private enterprise codes.
Which MIB displays the hardware and chassis details on a Juniper Networks device?
The Chassis MIB (jnxchassis.mib) displays the hardware and chassis details for each Juniper Networks device. It provides information about the router and its components. The Chassis MIB objects represent each component and its status.
For more information about enterprise-specific Chassis MIBs, see Chassis MIBs in the Junos OS SNMP MIBs and Traps Reference document.
Does the Junos OS support the Entity MIB?
No, the Junos OS does not support the Entity MIB, which is designed to identify physical and logical elements of a managed device. Instead, the Junos OS supports the enterprise-specific Chassis MIB to identify the chassis components on the device.
Which MIB objects can I query to determine the CPU and memory utilization of the Routing Engine, Flexible PIC Concentrator (FPC), and PIC components on a device?
Query the Chassis MIB objects jnxOperatingMemory, jnxOperatingtBuffer, and jnxOperatingCPU to find out the CPU and memory utilization of the hardware components of a device.
Is the interface index (ifIndex) persistent?
For Junos OS Release 10.0 and earlier, the ifIndex is persistent when reboots occur if the Junos OS version remains the same, meaning the values assigned to the interfaces in the ifIndex do not change. When there is a software upgrade, the device tries to keep the ifIndex persistent on a best effort basis.
For Junos OS Release 10.1 and later, the ifIndex is persistent on all platforms, except for the EX4200 virtual chassis because it can have over 500 interfaces.
Is it possible to set the ifAdminStatus?
SNMP is not allowed to set the ifAdminStatus.
Which MIB objects support SNMP set operations?
Junos OS SNMP set operations are supported in the following MIB tables and variables:
Does the Junos OS support remote monitoring (RMON)?
Yes, the Junos OS supports RMON as defined in RFC 2819, Remote Network Monitoring Management Information Base. However, remote monitoring version 2 (RMON 2) is not supported.
Can I use SNMP to determine the health of the processes running on the Routing Engine?
Yes, you can use SNMP to determine the health of the Routing Engine processes by configuring the health monitoring feature. On Juniper Networks devices, RMON alarms and events provide much of the infrastructure needed to reduce the polling overhead from the NMS. However, you must set up the NMS to configure specific MIB objects into RMON alarms. This often requires device-specific expertise and customizing the monitoring application. Additionally, some MIB object instances that need monitoring are set only at initialization, or they change at runtime and cannot be configured in advance.
To address these issues, the health monitor extends the RMON alarm infrastructure to provide predefined monitoring for a selected set of object instances, such as file system usage, CPU usage, and memory usage, and includes support for unknown or dynamic object instances, such as Junos OS software processes.
To display the health monitoring configuration, use the show snmp health-monitor command:
When you configure the health monitor, monitoring information for certain object instances is available, as shown in Table 1.
Table 1: Monitored Object Instances
Monitors the following file system on the router or switch: /dev/ad0s1a:
This is the root file system mounted on /.
Monitors the following file system on the router or switch: /dev/ad0s1e:
This is the configuration file system mounted on /config.
jnxOperatingCPU (RE0)
Monitor CPU usage for Routing Engines RE0 and RE1. The index values assigned to the Routing Engines depend on whether the Chassis MIB uses a zero-based or a ones-based indexing scheme. Because the indexing scheme is configurable, the correct index is determined whenever the router is initialized and when there is a configuration change. If the router or switch has only one Routing Engine, the alarm entry monitoring RE1 is removed after five failed attempts to obtain the CPU value.
jnxOperatingCPU (RE1)
jnxOperatingBuffer (RE0)
Monitor the amount of memory available on Routing Engines RE0 and RE1. Because the indexing of this object is identical to that used for jnxOperatingCPU, index values are adjusted depending on the indexing scheme used in the Chassis MIB. As with jnxOperatingCPU, the alarm entry monitoring RE1 is removed if the router or switch has only one Routing Engine.
jnxOperatingBuffer (RE1)
Monitors the CPU usage for each Junos OS software process. Multiple instances of the same process are monitored and indexed separately.
Monitors the memory usage for each Junos OS software process. Multiple instances of the same process are monitored and indexed separately.
The system log entries generated for any health monitor events, such as thresholds crossed and errors, have a corresponding HEALTHMONITOR tag rather than a generic SNMPD_RMON_EVENTLOG tag. However, the health monitor sends generic RMON risingThreshold and fallingThreshold traps.
Are the Ping MIBs returned in decimal notation and ASCII?
Yes, both decimal notation and ASCII are supported, which is the standard implementation in SNMP. All strings are ASCII encoded.
The following example displays the Ping MIB in hexadecimal notation:
pingCtlTargetAddress.184.108.40.206.18.104.22.168.184.108.40.206.101 = 0a fa 01 02
This translates to ASCII:
pingCtlTargetAddress."EH"."tcpsample" = 0a fa 01 02 2= length of the string 69=E 72=H 9=length of second string 116=t 99 =c 112=p 115=s 97=a 109=m 112 =p 108 =l 101 =e
As of Junos OS Release 9.6 and later, the Junos OS CLI returns ASCII values using the command show snmp mib get | get-next | walk ascii.
The following example shows the output with the ASCII option:
user@host> show snmp mib walk pingCtlTargetAddress
pingCtlTargetAddress."EH"."httpgetsample" = http://www.yahoo.com pingCtlTargetAddress."p1"."t2" = 74 c5 b3 06 pingCtlTargetAddress."p1"."t3" = 74 c5 b2 0c
The following example shows the output without the ASCII option:
user@host> show snmp mib walk pingCtlTargetAddress
pingCtlTargetAddress.22.214.171.124.18.104.22.168.188.8.131.52.188.8.131.52.101 = http://www.yahoo.com pingCtlTargetAddress.184.108.40.206.116.50 = 74 c5 b3 06 pingCtlTargetAddress.126.96.36.199.116.51 = 74 c5 b2 0c
You can convert decimal and ASCII values using a decimal ASCII chart like the one at http://www.asciichart.com .
Is IPv6 supported by the Ping MIB for remote operations?
No, IPv6 is not supported.
Is there an SNMP MIB to show Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) table information? Are both IP and MAC addresses displayed in the same table?
Yes, the Junos OS supports the standard MIB ipNetToMediaTable, which is described in RFC 2011, SNMPv2 Management Information Base for the Internet Protocol using SMIv2. This table is used for mapping IP addresses to their corresponding MAC addresses.
This section presents frequently asked questions and answers related to Junos OS SNMP configuration.
Can the Junos OS be configured for SNMPv1 and SNMPv3 simultaneously?
Yes, SNMP has backward compatibility, meaning that all three versions can be enabled simultaneously.
Can I filter specific SNMP queries on a device?
Yes, you can filter specific SNMP queries on a device using exclude and include statements.
The following example shows a configuration that blocks read-write operation on all OIDs under .184.108.40.206.2.1.1 for the community test:
Can I change the SNMP agent engine ID?
Yes, the SNMP agent engine ID can be changed to the MAC address of the device, the IP address of the device, or any other desired value. Several examples are included here.
The following example shows how to use the MAC address of a device as the SNMP agent engine ID:
The following example shows how to use the IP address of a device as the SNMP agent engine ID:
The following example shows the use of a selected value, AA in this case, as the SNMP agent engine ID of a device:
How can I configure a device with dual Routing Engines or a chassis cluster (for SRX Series Services Gateways or J Series Service Routers) for continued communication during a switchover?
When configuring for continued communication, the SNMP configuration should be identical between the Routing Engines. However, it is best to have separate Routing Engine IDs configured for each Routing Engine, especially when using SNMPv3.
The following example shows the configuration of the Routing Engines in a dual Routing Engine device. Notice that the Routing Engine IDs are set to the MAC addresses for each Routing Engine:
The following is an example of an SNMPv3 configuration on a dual Routing Engine device:
How can I track SNMP activities?
SNMP trace operations track activity of SNMP agents and record the information in log files.
A sample traceoptions configuration might look like this:
When the traceoptions flag all statement is included at the [edit snmp] hierarchy level, the following log files are created:
This section presents frequently asked questions and answers related to SNMPv3.
Why is SNMPv3 important?
SNMP v3 provides enhanced security compared to the other versions of SNMP. It provides authentication and encryption of data. Enhanced security is important for managing devices at remote sites from the management stations.
In my system, the MIB object snmpEngineBoots is not in sync between two Routing Engines in a dual Routing Engine device. Is this normal behavior?
Yes, this is the expected behavior. Each Routing Engine runs its own SNMP process (snmpd), allowing each Routing Engine to maintain its own engine boots.
Do I need the SNMP manager engine object identifier (OID) for informs?
Yes, the engine OID of the SNMP manager is required for authentication, and informs do not work without it.
I see the configuration of informs under the [edit snmp v3] hierarchy. Does this mean I cannot use informs with SNMPv2c?
Informs can be used with SNMPv2c. The following example shows the basic configuration for SNMPv3 informs on a device (note that the authentication and privacy is set to none):
You can convert the SNMPv3 informs to traps by setting the value of the type statement at the [edit snmp v3 notify N1_all_tl1_informs] hierarchy level to trap as shown in the following example:
This section presents frequently asked questions and answers related to how SNMP interacts with Juniper Networks devices.
How frequently should a device be polled? What is a good polling rate?
It is difficult to give an absolute number for the rate of SNMP polls per second since the rate depends on the following two factors:
In a normal scenario where no delay is being introduced by the Packet Forwarding Engine and there is one variable per PDU (a Get request), the response time is 130+ responses per second. However, with multiple variables in an SNMP request PDU (30 to 40 for GetBulk requests), the number of responses per second is much less. Because the Packet Forwarding Engine load can vary for each system, there is greater variation in how frequently a device should be polled.
Frequent polling of a large number of counters, especially statistics, can impact the device. Juniper Networks recommends the following optimization on the SNMP managers:
For better SNMP response on the device, the Junos OS does the following:
One way to determine a rate limit is to note an increase in the Currently Active count from the show snmp statistics extensive command.
The following is sample output of the show snmp statistics extensive command:
user@host> show snmp statistics extensive
SNMP statistics: Input: Packets: 226656, Bad versions: 0, Bad community names: 0, Bad community uses: 0, ASN parse errors: 0, Too bigs: 0, No such names: 0, Bad values: 0, Read onlys: 0, General errors: 0, Total request varbinds: 1967606, Total set varbinds: 0, Get requests: 18478, Get nexts: 75794, Set requests: 0, Get responses: 0, Traps: 0, Silent drops: 0, Proxy drops: 0, Commit pending drops: 0, Throttle drops: 27084, Duplicate request drops: 0 V3 Input: Unknown security models: 0, Invalid messages: 0 Unknown pdu handlers: 0, Unavailable contexts: 0 Unknown contexts: 0, Unsupported security levels: 0 Not in time windows: 0, Unknown user names: 0 Unknown engine ids: 0, Wrong digests: 0, Decryption errors: 0 Output: Packets: 226537, Too bigs: 0, No such names: 0, Bad values: 0, General errors: 0, Get requests: 0, Get nexts: 0, Set requests: 0, Get responses: 226155, Traps: 382 SA Control Blocks: Total: 222984, Currently Active: 501, Max Active: 501, Not found: 0, Timed Out: 0, Max Latency: 25 SA Registration: Registers: 0, Deregisters: 0, Removes: 0 Trap Queue Stats: Current queued: 0, Total queued: 0, Discards: 0, Overflows: 0 Trap Throttle Stats: Current throttled: 0, Throttles needed: 0 Snmp Set Stats: Commit pending failures: 0, Config lock failures: 0 Rpc failures: 0, Journal write failures: 0 Mgd connect failures: 0, General commit failures: 0
Does SNMP open dynamic UDP ports? Why?
The SNMP process opens two additional ports (sockets): one for IPv4 and one for IPv6. This enables the SNMP process to send traps.
I am unable to perform a MIB walk on the ifIndex. Why is this?
Any variable bindings or values with an access level of not-accessible cannot be queried directly because they are part of other variable bindings in the SNMP MIB table. The ifIndex has an access level of not-accessible. Therefore, it cannot be accessed directly because it is part of the variable bindings. However, the ifIndex can be accessed indirectly through the variable bindings.
I see SNMP_IPC_READ_ERROR messages when the SNMP process restarts on my system and also during Routing Engine switchover. Is this acceptable?
Yes, it is acceptable to see SNMP_IPC_READ_ERROR messages when the SNMP process is restarted, the system reboots, or during a Routing Engine switchover. If all the processes come up successfully and the SNMP operations are working properly, then these messages can be ignored.
What is the source IP address used in the response PDUs for SNMP requests? Can this be configured?
The source IP address used in the response PDUs for SNMP requests is the IP address of the outgoing interface to reach the destination. The source IP address cannot be configured for responses. It can only be configured for traps.
This section presents frequently asked questions and answers related to SNMP traps and informs.
Does the Junos OS impose any rate limiting on SNMP trap generation?
The Junos OS implements a trap-queuing mechanism to limit the number of traps that are generated and sent.
If a trap delivery fails, the trap is added back to the queue, and the delivery attempt counter and the next delivery attempt timer for the queue are reset. Subsequent attempts occur at progressive intervals of 1, 2, 4, and 8 minutes. The maximum delay between the attempts is 8 minutes, and the maximum number of attempts is 10. After 10 unsuccessful attempts, the destination queue and all traps in the queue are deleted.
Junos OS also has a throttle threshold mechanism to control the number of traps sent (default 500 traps) during a particular throttle interval (default 5 seconds). This helps ensure consistency in trap traffic, especially when a large number of traps are generated due to interface status changes.
The throttle interval begins when the first trap arrives at the throttle. All traps within the throttle threshold value are processed, and traps exceeding the threshold value are queued. The maximum size of all trap queues (the throttle queue and the destination queue) is 40,000 traps. The maximum size of any one queue is 20,000 traps. When a trap is added to the throttle queue, or if the throttle queue has exceeded the maximum size, the trap is moved to the top of the destination queue. Further attempts to send the trap from the destination queue are stopped for a 30 second period, after which the destination queue restarts sending the traps.
Note: For the EX Series Ethernet Switch, the maximum size of all trap queues (the throttle queue and the destination queue) is 1,000 traps. The maximum size for any one queue on the EX Series is 500 traps.
I did not see a trap when I had a syslog entry with a critical severity. Is this normal? Can it be changed?
Not every syslog entry with critical severity is a trap. However, you can convert any syslog entry to a trap using the event-options statement.
The following example shows how to configure a jnxSyslogTrap whenever an rpd_ldp_nbrdown syslog entry message error occurs.
Are SNMP traps compliant with the Alarm Reporting Function (X.733) on the Junos OS?
No, SNMP traps on the Junos OS are not X.733 compliant.
Can I set up filters for traps or informs?
Traps and informs can be filtered based on the trap category and the object identifier. You can specify categories of traps to receive per host by using the categories statement at the [edit snmp trap-group trap-group] hierarchy level. Use this option when you want to monitor only specific modules of the Junos OS.
The following example shows a sample configuration for receiving only these traps: link, vrrp-events, services, and otn-alarms:
The Junos OS also has a more advanced filter option (notify-filter) for filtering specific traps or a group of traps based on their object identifiers.
The SNMPv3 configuration also supports filtering of SNMPv1 and SNMPv2 traps and excluding Juniper Networks enterprise-specific configuration management traps, as shown in the following configuration example:
Can I simulate traps on a device?
Yes, you can use the request snmp spoof-trap trap name command for simulating a trap to the NMS that normally receives your device's traps. You can also add required values using the variable-bindings parameter.
The following example shows how to simulate a trap to the local NMS using variable bindings:
How do I generate a warm start SNMPv1 trap?
When the SNMP process is restarted under normal conditions, a warm start trap is generated if the system up time is more than 5 minutes. If the system up time is less than 5 minutes, a cold start trap is generated.
The NMS sees only the MIB OIDs and numbers, but not the names of the SNMP traps. Why?
Before the NMS can recognize the SNMP trap details, such as the names of the traps, it must first compile and understand the MIBs and then parse the MIB OIDs.
In the Junos OS, how can I determine to which category a trap belongs?
For a list of common traps and their categories, see Juniper Networks Enterprise-Specific SNMP Version 1 Traps and Juniper Networks Enterprise-Specific SNMP Version 2 Traps in the Junos OS SNMP MIBs and Traps Reference document.
Can I configure a trap to include the source IP address?
Yes, you can configure the source-address, routing-instance, or logical-instance name for the source IP address using the trap-options command:
Can I create a custom trap?
Yes, you can use the jnxEventTrap event script to create customized traps as needed.
In the following example, a Junos OS operations (op) script is triggered when a UI_COMMIT_NOT_CONFIRMED event is received. The Junos OS op script matches the complete message of the event and generates an SNMP trap.
Example: Junos OS Op Script
version 1.0; ns junos = "http://xml.juniper.net/junos/*/junos"; ns xnm = "http://xml.juniper.net/xnm/1.1/xnm"; ns jcs = "http://xml.juniper.net/junos/commit-scripts/1.0"; param $event; param $message; match / { /* * trapm utilty wants the following characters in the value to be escaped * '[', ']', ' ', '=', and ',' */ var $event-escaped = { call escape-string($text = $event, $vec = '[] =,'); } var $message-escaped = { call escape-string($text = $message, $vec = '[] =,'); } <op-script-results> { var $rpc = <request-snmp-generate-trap> { <trap> "jnxEventTrap"; <variable-bindings> "jnxEventTrapDescr[0]='Event-Trap' , " _ "jnxEventAvAttribute[1]='event' , " _ "jnxEventAvValue[1]='" _ $event-escaped _ "' , " _ "jnxEventAvAttribute[2]='message' , " _ "jnxEventAvValue[1]='" _ $message-escaped _ "'"; } var $res = jcs:invoke($rpc); } } template escape-string ($text, $vec) { if (jcs:empty($vec)) { expr $text; } else { var $index = 1; var $from = substring($vec, $index, 1); var $changed-value = { call replace-string($text, $from) { with $to = { expr "\\"; expr $from; } } } call escape-string($text = $changed-value, $vec = substring($vec, $index + 1)); } } template replace-string ($text, $from, $to) { if (contains($text, $from)) { var $before = substring-before($text, $from); var $after = substring-after($text, $from); var $prefix = $before _ $to; expr $before; expr $to; call replace-string($text = $after, $from, $to); } else { expr $text; } }
After creating your customized trap, you must configure a policy on your router to tell the router what actions to take after it receives the trap.
Here is an example of a configured policy under the [edit event-options] hierarchy:
Can I disable link up and link down traps on interfaces?
Yes, link up and link down traps can be disabled in the interface configuration. To disable the traps, use the no-traps statement at the [edit interfaces interface-name unit logical-unit-number] and [edit logical-systems logical-system-name interfaces interface-name unit logical-unit-number] hierarchies for physical and logical interfaces.
I see the link up traps on logical interfaces, but I do not see the link down traps. Is this normal behavior?
For Ethernet and ATM types of interfaces, Junos OS does not send link down traps for a logical interface if the physical interface is down to prevent flooding alarms for the same root cause. However, when the physical interface and logical interfaces come back up, traps are sent indicating link up. This is because the physical interface coming up does not necessarily mean the logical interfaces are also coming up.
For SONET types of interfaces with PPP encapsulation, Junos OS does send link down traps for a logical interface if the physical interface is down. When the physical interface and logical interfaces come back up, traps are sent for both the physical and logical interfaces indicating link up.
For SONET types of interfaces with HDLC encapsulation, Junos OS does not send link down traps for a logical interface if the physical interface is down. When the physical interface and logical interfaces come back up, traps are sent for both the physical and logical interfaces indicating link up.
For channelize interfaces with PPP encapsulation, Junos OS does send link down traps for a logical interface if the physical interface is down. When the physical interface and logical interfaces come back up, traps are sent for both the physical and logical interfaces indicating link up.
For channelize interfaces with HDLC encapsulation, Junos OS does not send link down traps for a logical interface if the physical interface is down. When the physical interface and logical interfaces come back up, traps are sent for both the physical and logical interfaces indicating link up.
This section presents frequently asked questions and answers related to the configuration of dual Routing Engines.
The SNMP configuration should be identical between the Routing Engines when configuring for continued communication. However, we recommend having separate Routing Engine IDs configured for each Routing Engine, when using SNMPv3.
In my system, the MIB object snmpEngineBoots is not in sync between two Routing Engines in a dual Routing Engine device. Is this normal behavior?
Yes. This is the normal behavior. Each Routing Engine runs its own SNMP process (snmpd) agent, allowing each Routing Engine to maintain its own engine boots.
Is there a way to identify that an address belongs to RE0, RE1, or the master Routing Engine management interface (fxp0) by looking at an SNMP walk?
No. When you do an SNMP walk on the device, it only displays the master Routing Engine management interface address.
What is the best way to tell if the current IP address belongs to fxp0 or a Routing Engine, from a CLI session?
Routing Engines are mapped with the fxp0 interface. This means that when you query RE0, the ifTable reports the fxp0 interface address of RE0 only. Similarly, if you query RE1, the ifTable reports the fxp0 interface address of RE1 only.
When there is a failover, the master hostname is changed since the hostname belongs to the Routing Engine. Is this correct?
Yes. You can configure the same hostname or different hostnames. Either would work.
If only the master IP address is configured (for example, 192.168.2.5), and the sysDescr.0 object has the same the string configured on both of the Routing Engines, then even after a switchover, the sysDescr.0 object returns the same value. The following sample shows the results you get by using the snmpget command:
bng-junos-pool02: /c/svivek/PR_BRANCH/src> snmpget -c jnpr -v2c 192.168.2.5 sysDescr.0 system.sysDescr.0 = foo
This section presents frequently asked questions and answers related to how SNMP supports routing instances.
Can the SNMP manager access data for routing instances?
Yes, the Junos OS enables SNMP managers for all routing instances to request and manage SNMP data related to the corresponding routing instances and logical system networks.
Two different routing instance behaviors can occur, depending on where the clients originate:
Routing instances are identified by either the context field in SNMPv3 requests or encoded in the community string in SNMPv1 or SNMPv2c requests.
When encoded in a community string, the routing instance name appears first and is separated from the actual community string by the @ character.
To avoid conflicts with valid community strings that contain the @ character, the community is parsed only if typical community string processing fails. For example, if a routing instance named RI is configured, an SNMP request with RI@public is processed within the context of the RI routing instance. Access control (including views, source address restrictions, and access privileges) is applied according to the actual community string (the set of data after the @ character—in this case public). However, if the community string RI@public is configured, the PDU is processed according to that community, and the embedded routing instance name is ignored.
Logical systems perform a subset of the actions of a physical router and have their own unique routing tables, interfaces, policies, and routing instances. When a routing instance is defined within a logical system, the logical system name must be encoded along with the routing instance using a slash ( / ) to separate the two. For example, if the routing instance RI is configured within the logical system LS, that routing instance must be encoded within a community string as LS/RI@public. When a routing instance is configured outside a logical system (within the default logical system), no logical system name, or / character, is needed.
Additionally, when a logical system is created, a default routing instance named default is always created within the logical system. This name should be used when querying data for that routing instance, for example LS/default@public. For SNMPv3 requests, the name logical system/routing instance should be identified directly in the context field.
Can I access a list of all routing instances on a device?
Yes, you can access a list of all the routing instances on a device using the vacmContextName object in the SNMP-VIEW-BASED-ACM MIB. In SNMP, each routing instance becomes a VACM context; this is why the routing instances appear in the vacmContextName object.
Can I access a default routing instance from a client in another logical router or routing instance?
No, the SNMP agent can only access data of the logical router to which it is connected.
This section presents frequently asked questions and answers related to SNMP counters.
Which MIB should I use for interface counters?
Interface management over SNMP is based on two tables: the ifTable and its extension the ifXTable. Both are described in RFC 1213, Management Information Base for Network Management of TCP/IP-based internets: MIB-II and RFC 2233, The Interfaces Group MIB using SMIv2.
Interfaces can have several layers, depending on the media, and each sublayer is represented by a separate row in the table. The relationship between the higher layer and lower layers is described in the ifStackTable.
The ifTable defines 32-bit counters for inbound and outbound octets (ifInOctets/ifOutOctets), packets (ifInUcastPkts/ifOutUcastPkts, ifInNUcastPkts /ifOutNUcastPkts), errors, and discards.
The ifXTable provides similar 64-bit counters, also called high capacity (HC) counters, for inbound and outbound octets (ifHCInOctets/ifHCOutOctets) and inbound packets (ifHCInUcastPkts).
When should 64-bit counters be used?
It is always good to use 64-bit counters because they contain statistics for both low and high capacity components.
Are the SNMP counters ifInOctets and ifOutOctets the same as the command reference show interfaces statistics in and out counters?
Yes, these are the same, but only if SNMP is enabled when the router boots up. If you power on a Juniper Networks device and then enable SNMP, the SNMP counters start from 0. SNMP counters do not automatically receive their statistics from the show command output. Similarly, using the clear statistics command does not clear the statistics that the SNMP counters collected, which can cause a discrepancy in the data that is seen by both processes.
Do the SNMP counters ifInOctets and ifOutOctets include the framing overhead for Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) and High-Level Data Link Control (HDLC)?


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Comments Posted By Dhirasanta das
Displaying 1 To 1 Of 1 Comments
Missing the Forest for the Trees-A reply to Satyaraja Prabhu's "Truth Is Many-sided"
The issue with DDS is perfectly simple. In the light of the 21st century, to say that it was acceptable to beat children with rods as recently as 1995 is a nonsense.
To say that beating children is somehow "Vedic" is an apology for child abuse, and a reflection that the beater - DDS and his associates have no compassion, no understanding of child psychology and have completely overlooked Srila Prabhupada's heart of love for children.
To admit that it was a mistake to have allowed DDS to have even a loose role in education after this came to light is laudable. Satyajara's arguments, veiled in academic language fail to grasp the point that it is never right to beat a child for any reason - no matter how wilful, disobedient or awful that child may be. 152 gurukulis who went through sheer hell are not wrong.
Physical, sexual, psychological and spiritual abuse is the legacy of an inability or unwillingness to impose stringent child protection standards in Vrindabin Broken lives, shattered faith in many ex students and their parents will take a lifetime - or lifetimes to undo.
Comment Posted By Dhirasanta das On 23.07.2006 @ 11:01
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subset: commoncrawl


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Valentine's Day Comes Early in Boston
Posted by Rick Canale on Fri, Oct 05, 2012
When we think of Valentine's Day in Boston - roses, romance and restaurants come to mind. Valentine's Day in Boston is a celebration of love and also the busiest day of the year for florists too. Yesterday, October 4, 2012 Valentine's Day came early. Red Sox fans paused to briefly celebrate the termination of Bobby Valentine as manager of the Boston Red Sox. Valentine watched over the worst Red Sox record in decades.
The hiring of Valentine never sat well with this Red Sox fan. I knew his ego would never fit in Boston or in the Red Sox clubhouse. More than twenty five years ago I used to collect autographs at the Sheraton Hotel in Boston when visiting teams came to play the Red Sox. There was always a handful of kids and some adults too waiting outside and inside for players to show up and sign. One time when Valentine was managing the Rangers, I got his signature. Thank you Bobby. But he was not exactly friendly about it. When security came to shoe me away, Valentine quickly had to throw in his 'now run along, you're not supposed to be here,'. Dear coach, I was a kid. I knew I was breaking the rules. No need to embarass me. I see why your players felt like you did not know how to speak to them either.
I do find it admirable that Valentine walked out of his firing with his head high and wishing the team the best. But after reading an article by the
Boston Globe's Nick Cafardo
, it all made sense. Valentine has a gag order. He cannot bad mouth the team or his 2.5 millions dollars due in 2013 will be withdrawn for breach of contract. So I ask this, if the North Korea-like Red Sox PR team knew Valentine could not control his words when the contract was written then why even put him in the pressure cooker of Boston sports ?
I wish you the best Bobby. 'Run along now, you're not supposed to be here,'. Valentine's day came early in Boston and this Boston florist is thrilled. The Red Sox lost their last game to the Yankees who scored '14' runs. Valentine was fired '14' hours and '14' minutes after the last pitch of the season. Valentine's Day is February '14' - coincidence ? Maybe or maybe the baseball gods needed a laugh.
Rick Canale
Red Sox
Red Sox Florist
Valentine's Day
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Allan Haines
Gender: Male
City: Florida
Stand: Park End
Country: United States
Favourite Everton Moment
The 3rd goal against Bayern Munich,the roof nearly came off Goodison
Favourite All Time Player
Howard Kendall. He had everything great tackler,good short and long range passing and a great reader of the game
Favourite Current Player
Tim Cahill. Such a great pro and person and his commitment to Everton
Favourite Manager
Howard Kendall. No comment necessary
Favourite Game
Vs Bayern Munick
Favourite Goal
Ossie vs Larissa
Favourite Kit
early 70's very traditional but with a modern twist
Favourite Chant
We'll hang the kopites one by one from the banks of the Royal blue Mersey


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It's Friday, and the start of the weekend is in sight. So ditch the suit and tie or pencil skirt, and head out to one of these events.
The Tim Burton you liked is back
I'm not feelin' the love, brah! Neither are the five Columbia University students/fratboys who were busted this week for selling all kinds of crazy drugs at school. Luckily, via Columbia's BWOG, understanding the numbers of the busts also gives us a chance to understand how much drugs cost at ... More >>
Skeleton glee: Burton taps the pop-gothic semi-culture for a merrily macabre puppet folktale
A decent Factory: Tim Burton's enjoyable Roald Dahl redux delves into Wonka weirdness


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My husband booked this through Chase Sapphire with points. He assumed that any hotel listed on their site was probably decent. WRONG! This hotel caused me to do something I've never done in my life: check in, and then refuse to stay there. For starters, it's in a terrible neighborhood and RIGHT on the street. I knew we were in... More
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Stories Tagged with "carlomagno ontaneda" from 2008
2011 - 1 story
2008 - 1 story
2008 - 1 story
NJIT's Educational Opportunity Program Executive Director Tony Howell and Assistant Director for Recruitment and Admissions Carlomagno Ontaneda presented certificates yesterday to some 250 students who participated in the Summer Academic Enrichment Program at NJIT. The students, all of whom will now be formally admitted into NJIT's incoming freshman class, spent six weeks living in residence halls and attending classes in math and science. >>


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Does Nick Swisher Smell Bad Or Something?
You may remember that in both mine and Dave Cameron's off-season plans, our main "big-splash" acquisition was 1B/OF Nick Swisher. Strangely, though, it seems that many Mariners fans are very sour on the idea of bringing Nick Swisher on board. Brock and Salk have said multiple times since free agency began that they wouldn't pay Swisher close to $100 million. Commenters on Reddit also seem very opposed to the idea. For one of the most consistent above-average players in the game, this is just baffling. With all the enthusiasm about Josh Hamilton, a player who is far more risky, it doesn't make sense that nobody likes Nick Swisher.
Since Swisher joined the Yankees in 2009, he's been worth 15.0 WAR. Hamilton, over the same time span has been worth 18.3 WAR. There seems to be a myth that Hamilton is this amazing superstar, while Nick Swisher is just a slightly above-average player, and that's just not true. Swisher also offers consistency: his WAR has been between 3.2 and 4.1 the last four seasons. Hamilton offers more upside–his best season was 8.4 WAR–but he's also more prone to inconsistency; his worst season in this time span was 1.4 WAR.
It's not like Swisher is just a Yankee stadium hitter, either. As Jeff Sullivan pointed out at Lookout Landing, since joining the Yankees, Swisher's numbers haven't been inflated by Yankee stadium; he's hit .269/.372/.460 at home, and .267/.362/.504 the road. Interesting to see that Swisher has actually hit for a bit more power on the road than at home. You can pretty much expect Swisher to put up a wRC+ of 120 or better, no matter what home park he's playing in. The idea that Yankee Stadium made Nick Swisher's numbers is just not true, and if you believe that then you need to do some research before shouting opinions based on nothing more than speculation so loudly.
Another point in Swisher's favor is his durability. Swisher has played in at least 150 games from 2006-2011 (he missed the cut by two games in 2012). You know that Swisher is pretty much going to be able to be in the lineup every day for an entire season, which is not without value. While Hamilton can provide a similar WAR total in fewer games, you then need to have another player who's not a total disaster to fill in for those games Hamilton will miss. Durability is a skill, an important one, and it's a skill Swisher has.
Also, Swisher has positional flexibility. As I mentioned yesterday, Hamilton is basically only a left fielder unless you want to give away bunches of runs in center field. Swisher, on the other hand, has been worth +4.5 UZR/150 in right field, +10.6 UZR/150 in left field, and -0.2 UZR/150 at first base. Swisher offers you average or better defense at three positions on the field, which would allow the Mariners the flexibility to acquire a first baseman or an outfielder. Hamilton can only play one position, so it limits the team's options on other players they can acquire.
It's not that I'm down on Hamilton. If you told me they'd both sign for a 5-year deal worth $100 million, I'd obviously choose Hamilton. That's not the point of this article. The point is that Nick Swisher has been almost as good as Hamilton for the last four seasons, is the same age, and offers some attractive skills that Hamilton doesn't have. Just because Swisher isn't as flashy doesn't mean he's not as valuable. He's an above-average hitter with power, who is durable, and offers positional flexibility. Why is everyone so down on him? Maybe he doesn't wear deodorant. He seems like the kind of guy who wouldn't wear deodorant. Come on Nick, put some deodorant on!


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Income redistributions without catastrophes
AbstractNo abstract is available for this item.
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Bibliographic InfoArticle provided by Elsevier in its journal Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control.
Volume (Year): 19 (1995)
Issue (Month): 1-2 ()
Pages: 441-455
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ReferencesReferences listed on IDEAS
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- Balasko, Yves, 1978. "The Transfer Problem and the Theory of Regular Economies," International Economic Review, Department of Economics, University of Pennsylvania and Osaka University Institute of Social and Economic Research Association, vol. 19(3), pages 687-94, October.
- Heller, Walter P & Shell, Karl, 1974. "On Optimal Taxation with Costly Administration," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 64(2), pages 338-45, May.
- Balasko, Yves & Shell, Karl, 1980. "The overlapping-generations model, I: The case of pure exchange without money," Journal of Economic Theory, Elsevier, vol. 23(3), pages 281-306, December.
- Lucas, Robert E, Jr, 1978. "Asset Prices in an Exchange Economy," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 46(6), pages 1429-45, November.
- Atkinson, A. B. & Bourguignon, F., 1990. "The design of direct taxation and family benefits," Journal of Public Economics, Elsevier, vol. 41(1), pages 3-29, February.
- Gale, David, 1974. "Exchange equilibrium and coalitions : An example," Journal of Mathematical Economics, Elsevier, vol. 1(1), pages 63-66, March.
- Zeckhauser, Richard & Schelling, Thomas, 1977. "Taxes in fantasy, or most any tax on labor can turn out to help the laborers," Journal of Public Economics, Elsevier, vol. 8(2), pages 133-150, October.
- Safra, Zvi, 1983. "Manipulation by reallocating initial endowments," Journal of Mathematical Economics, Elsevier, vol. 12(1), pages 1-17, September.
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- Loi, Andrea & Matta, Stefano, 2009. "A note on the structural stability of the equilibrium manifold," MPRA Paper 15507, University Library of Munich, Germany.
- Aditya Goenka & Stefano Matta, 2008. "Manipulation of endowments and sunspot equilibria," Economic Theory, Springer, vol. 36(2), pages 267-282, August.
- Loi, Andrea & Matta, Stefano, 2008. "Geodesics on the equilibrium manifold," Journal of Mathematical Economics, Elsevier, vol. 44(12), pages 1379-1384, December.
- Andrea Loi & Stefano Matta, 2012. "Structural stability and catastrophes," Economics Bulletin, AccessEcon, vol. 32(4), pages 3378-3385.
- Loi, Andrea & Matta, Stefano, 2010. "A note on the structural stability of the equilibrium manifold," Journal of Mathematical Economics, Elsevier, vol. 46(4), pages 591-594, July.
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The reflections exhibit was fantastic! With great artwork from students, it truly made this event an unforgettable one. The students truly worked hard to produce the work featured in the exhibit and it definitely showed!
Community Arts Partnerships would like to thank all the parents, students, friends and family for coming out to the 2012 Reflections Exhibition at the Matrix Center! It was a great success. The event started off with everyone viewing the amazing artwork by students in Detroit Neighborhood Arts Corps (DNAC), Detroit Neighborhood Arts Workshops (DNAW) and Pewabic Pottery.
Afterward, the Mosaic Youth Theatre of Detroit performed a Romeo and Juliet skit; the Detroit Children's Choir sang; Heritage Works performed a few songs on drums and the Detroit Neighborhood Arts Workshops Animation class presented their animation videos that they created throughout the 2011-2012 year. There was food, music, screen printing demos by DNAC and everyone had the opportunity to create their own buttons with help of DNAC students!
We hope everyone has a great summer and keep in mind that our summer arts classes for DNAC (high school students) and DNAW (middle school students) begin July 9th! For more information you can contact Mr. Larry Lunsford at (313) 664-1550.
The Osborn Arts Collaborative
Our Children Count works with our collaborative partners, College for Creative Studies, Detroit Children's Choir, Heritage Works, InsideOut, Mosaic Youth Theatre of Detroit, Pewabic Pottery and Matrix Human Services to deliver high quality arts programming designed for budding young artists. Grades 4th-7th Monday-Friday 4:30-6:30 p.m. located at The Matrix Center at 13560 E. McNichols Rd., Detroit, MI (At Gratiot and McNichols)


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Prepare your liver for the brewery party of the year. This coming Saturday, September 28th, the Funky Buddha Lounge and Brewery in Boca Raton will be hosting a day-long festival celebrating their third anniversary. Starting at 4 p.m. and lasting until they close at 2 a.m., the Funky Buddha Lounge w ... More >>
Nothing like a bad book adaptation to turn kids on to the written word.
Michael Winterbottom delivers a snowy, Wild West adaptation of Thomas Hardy


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Sweet Cherry Slush
Oxmoor House
This slushie takes sweet to a whole new level. Frozen dark sweet cherries, cranberry juice, apple juice, and honey are the key ingredients to this sensational summer treat.
Yield: Serves 4 (serving size: 1 cup)
More From Oxmoor House
Nutritional Information
Amount per serving
- Calories: 181
- Calories from fat: 0.0%
- Fat: 0.0g
- Saturated fat: 0.0g
- Monounsaturated fat: 0.0g
- Polyunsaturated fat: 0.0g
- Protein: 2g
- Carbohydrate: 47g
- Fiber: 1g
- Cholesterol: 0.0mg
- Iron: 0.5mg
- Sodium: 3mg
- Calcium: 21mg
- 1 (12-ounce) package frozen pitted dark sweet cherries
- 3/4 cup unsweetened cranberry juice, chilled
- 3/4 cup apple juice, chilled
- 4 tablespoons honey
- 1 tablespoon fresh lemon juice
- 1/8 teaspoon almond extract
- 15 ice cubes
- 1. Place all ingredients in a blender; process until slushy.
My Notes
Only you will be able to view, print, and edit this note.Add Note
Sweet Cherry Slush Recipe at a Glance
- COURSE: Beverages, Desserts
- CONVENIENCE: No-Cook
- MAIN INGREDIENT: Fruits
- DIETARY CONSIDERATION: Low Calorie, Low Cholesterol, Low Fat, Low Saturated Fat, Low Sodium
- COOKING METHOD: Blender
- PUBLICATION: Oxmoor House
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We welcome applicants from different backgrounds. Our typical students have at least a 3.0 undergraduate GPA, but we also recognize work experience in demonstrating a candidate's readiness for graduate coursework.
For information on admission to the Ph.D. program in Personal Health Informatics, see the program website.
Application Requirements
Admission to the graduate and certificate programs requires a bachelor's degree from an accredited college or university.
Application Process
To be considered for admission to the master's degree or graduate certificate programs, please provide:
- A completed application form.
- A written statement of purpose and career goals
- A resume listing position responsibilities
- Three letters of recommendation submitted online
- Unofficial scanned copies of undergraduate/graduate transcripts to be uploaded to the online application (Official transcripts from all colleges/universities attended indicating degree earned can be submitted at the time of admission)***
***International students must submit their official transcripts to World Education Services for credentialing. Once you have received the verification of your degree and transcript from WES, it can be forwarded to the address above. (See www.wes.org for information about this process.)
You can send all supplemental application material to the address below:
Graduate Admissions & Student Services
Bouvé College of Health Sciences
123 Behrakis Health Sciences Center
Northeastern University
360 Huntington Avenue
Boston, MA – 02115
Phone: 617-373-2708
Fax: 617-373-4701
International students must also submit official scores of the TOEFL examination.
Please note that the GRE is not required for admission to the master's degree programs in health informatics.
Click HERE to begin your online application.
Admission to the Masters or Certificate program for the Fall Semester - August 1st
Admission to the Masters or Certificate program for the Spring Semester - December 7th
In special recognition of the need to educate people who will join the growing field of health informatics and play a part in the transformation of our healthcare system, the Trustees of Northeastern University have approved a special tuition rate for the health informatics program of $1,080 per credit for AY 2013 – 2014, or $3,240 per three-credit course.


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Costco's Mobile Online Store is offering iPhones and iPads with steep discounts. Below are a few screen captures of pricing deals found today. Earlier this month we broke the story about Costco selling iPhones and iPads in their club warehouses starting June 27th. However today Costco began offering Apple deals online.
iPhone 5s
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iPad Air with retina display
Special thanks to "AppleMan" for the tip.
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Reader Comments (Page 1 of 1)
If the races were to be neutral (which still doesn't seem likely to me), there would have to be something that sticks out between the Horde and Alliance versions of Worgen, for example, to distinguish between them. Nobody wants a Worgen or Goblin near them when they can't tell the difference between friend and foe.
@Owen: You may recall Blizz once said "No" to PVE to PVP transfers. You might remember them saying "No" to Faction Changes. Saying "Blizz said no!" on something is as strong an argument as chain mail made of aluminum foil. They've changed their minds in the past, and will probably change them again in the future.
I wouldn't hold my breath on either side of the speculation. Choosing your Faction would be cool. It would also be confusing in PVP. As far as that goes though, I rarely look at what the model I'm killing looks like. If it's red above it's head it's going to be dead.
The "confusing in PVP" argument has always held little weight for me since I react to the BIG RED LETTERS over a toon's head instead of squinting to see what types of elf ears are poking out of that armor.
Sure, visual distinction is nice, but if the main Blizzard argument against same race in both faction is visual ID in PVP, then I say it's not a very strong argument.


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WAUNAKEE, Wis. (WKOW) -- Samantha Murray reach a major milestone in Waunakee basketball history Friday night, becoming the first girls basketball player in school history to score 1,000 points in her varsity career.
The last time a boys basketball player scored that many at Waunakee was in 1961.
Murray entered the game against Monroe with 998 career points and thought she had reached the magic number with a lay-up early in the first quarter. However, she was called for a lane violation and had to settle for a pair of free throws - no pressure - to etch her name into the history books.
Murray scored 16 points against Monroe, giving her a grand total of 1,014 points. Waunakee beat Monroe 84-41.
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GreatSchools Rating
Teacher quality
Principal leadership
Parent involvement
This is my childrens first year at Barnaby Manor. The Principal, the teachers and staff make a great team. The parents are very well informed about anything happening at the school and the after school enrichment programs are a plus. Overall I believe Barnaby Manor is a great school.
I think Barnaby Manor is the best school for my child. After leaving Genisus Learning Center he as learned so much. I am really impressed about all the reading and homework my child gets and he really enjoys reading now. The 25 book club at this school is the best thing since sliced bread. I love it. My child has more homework for the week and on Vac time than my 13 and 11 year olds who go to school in VA Beach. My son is in the K. I love Barnaby Manor. Keep up the great work. I will spread the word.
I absolutely love this school. The Prinicipal, Vice Principal even the office staff are great. My son is leaving to go to another school this year although it's right down the street I am really going to miss the outstanding attention and education he received from BMES. I'm even thinking of applying for special premission so that he can stay. I hate moving - I will apply for special permission - After what I'm going to tell them about BMES they will have no choice but to let my son stay. If you are thinking about this school for your child. Don't think any further - Go for it you won't be sorry.
My son has been a student at Barnaby Manor Elementary school for two school years. My overall experience with the teaching staff has been spectacular. The teachers seem to go out of their way to contribute to your child's success. The enthusiasm they exhibit clearly demonstrates their love for teaching. Over the past two academic school years, I have been greatly impressed with the principal, Ms. Rhonda Gladden. While it is obvious that the school is in reform, the changes have been beneficial to the children. There seems to be an overwhelming focus on the MSA. The teachers and administration spend a great deal of time preparing children to take this very important test. I have been extremely impressed with the tutoring programs offered for the children with a focus on reading and math. It has been great to see the children pulling up the test scores. I love Barnaby.
I have three son's that attend this school. This was there second year the first year i wasn't impress with the teachers. I was in the status of transfering them when i heard they were geting alot of new teacher and boy was that a big improvement. Two of my son's made amazing progress. Mr. Bell the 6th grade teacher was wonderful. She made them responsible and will to learn more everyday. My other child made honor roll all year long for the first time in his life. I would say i was not too impress with the pre-k my son had a thing with loosing anything given. His progress was never mention unless i ask never got any call from her unless i called. Eventally i end up missing graduation for my pre-k student there. For the most part 6th and 3rd were great. Well done.
I have two sons attending this school. The principal, guidance counsel and staff all treat the kids with respect and keep the kids in line. Ms. Barbee was definitely a blessing to the school. She has moved on to bigger and better things. She will definitely be missed.
The Principal, Assistant Principal, teachers, nurse, office staff are all great. My son will be leaving the school this year to start middle school next year. I'm going to miss him being part of the Barnaby Manor Family. The teachers and staff are just so caring and understanding and treated my son so well the entire time he attended the school.
The Principal, Vice Principal and staff all show they care. They address each child by their name. I would have to agree they did make it happen during test time. Ms. Barbee is the best; she greets the children every morning. The teachers are great, so many of them go out of their way to help those kids. I have been with this school for 7 years and this school has truly been a blessing.
Community ratings and reviews do not represent the views of GreatSchools nor does GreatSchools check their accuracy or verify the reviewers' identities. Use your discretion when evaluating these reviews.
The Community Rating is the school's average rating from its community members (e.g., parents, students, and school staff). The highest possible rating is five stars; the lowest is one star.
2411 Owens Rd
Oxon Hill, MD 20745
Phone: (301) 702-7560
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A wealthy Italian countess descends on the beach to ensnare Flex Martian, winner of a Mr. Galaxy contest. But when she transfers her affections to Frankie Avalon, Annette is disgusted and war is ignited between the muscles and the surfers. Music, dancing and surfing on the beaches of California.
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A man who was born before the U.S. entered World War II is in jail for allegedly dealing drugs in Bluefield, W.Va.
A three month investigation by the Southern Regional Drug and Violent Crime Task Force and the West Virginia State Police Bureau of Criminal Investigation ended on Tuesday, Nov. 14 with the arrest of Tyler Thorpe, 71, of Bluefield.
Bluefield Police and the Troopers with the State Police SRT team served warrants at Thorpe's home at 179 Roanoke St in Bluefield and the neighboring P&K Laundromat. Officers discovered a large amount of money and 868 Hydromorphone Pills. Police told 59News that the pills are worth $35,000 to $40,000 on the street.
Thorpe is facing five charges of Felony Distribution of a Controlled Substance. The charges are from the state, but federal charges could be filed in the future. Thorpe has two previous drug convictions. He is being held in the Southern Regional Jail on a bond of $500,000.


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Mehrab Karim is no longer working at CHHS - for a list of current staff members see Our Team.
Mehrab Karim joined CHHS as a Policy Analyst in February 2012 and has worked closely since that time with the Montgomery County Office of Emergency Management and Homeland Security, as well as the National Capital Region on planning and preparedness efforts. In this role she has supported projects focusing on transportation and mass evacuation, disaster recovery, critical infrastructure protection, continuity of government, risk assessments, mitigation planning and school emergency preparedness. Ms. Karim has also participated in special event planning with federal, state, and local partners such as the 2013 Presidential Inauguration, and supported Montgomery County leadership during emergency operation center activations in 2012 for the derecho and hurricane Sandy.
Prior to joining CHHS Ms. Karim worked within the Maryland Judiciary for over five years as a courtroom clerk in the Circuit Court for Montgomery County, where she clerked numerous criminal, civil, family, and juvenile cases. Working within the courthouse helped Ms. Karim understand the complexities of the legal system and the need for implementing effective business practices into the court system for more efficiency. During her years clerking she earned a dual degree at the University of Maryland in a Master of Science in Management with a specialization in Homeland Security Management and a Master of Business Administration. In her spare time she has spent time traveling to nations throughout Asia, Europe, Middle East, and Africa. Ms. Karim earned her Bachelor of Arts in Criminology and Criminal Justice from the University of Maryland College Park.


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Phantom Stallion #01: Phantom Stallion #1: The Wild Oneby Terri Farley
Synopses & Reviews
Publisher Comments:
When 13-year-old Samantha returns home to her family′s cattle ranch in Nevada, she′s worried. She moved away two years ago to recover from a bad fall off her beloved mustang, Blackie, and she′s still not sure she can get back in the saddle. Her new colt doesn′t seem to like her, and the other ranchers treat her like the boss′s spoiled daughter, and Blackie has been missing since that fateful day.
But that′s just the beginning. When Sam suddenly finds the fate of a mysterious mustang who may or may not be the missing Blackie - resting in her hands, she has to learn to be a real cowgirl, ready or not. The classic theme of a girl and her horse is set against a backdrop of mustangs, tumbleweeds, and a West that′s still Wild.
Phantom Stallion #1: The Wild One
On a moonlit night, a mustang comes to Sam. Is it Blackie grown up and gone wild? Is it the legendary phantom stallion? Or could it be both?
Ages 10+
A new series introduces 13-year-old Samantha, who returns home to her family's ranch two years after she left to recover from a fall off her beloved mustang, Blackie, who has been missing since that day. On one moonlit night, a mysterious mustang comes to Sam. Is it Blackie, all grown up and gone wild--or it is the legendary phantom stallion?
About the Author
Terri Farley has been a journalist, a high school teacher, and a cowgirl on a cattle drive. She lives in Verdi, NV, with her horse, the real-life Ace. Phantom Stallion is her first series for young readers.
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|Useful Links
The Redwood Highway: Crime, Law and Related Links on the Web contains hundreds of annotated links on the world wide web dealing with the subject of Electronic Journals, Theory, Method, Teaching Writing and Research, and numerous general and specific sources related to crime. These links may be helpful if you are interested in reading, writing, publishing electronically, or learning about crime more generally.
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Western Criminology Review. All rights reserved. ISSN 1096-4886


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3 bed, 2 full bath, 1 half bath. Remodeled 3BR 2. 5BATH,boters paradise. Includes 21foot dock no fixed bridges- intra coastal/open oMore info
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1 bed, 2 full bath. VERY SPACIOUS CANAL/POOL VIEW, BUILT CLOSET, HIGH CEILING 11FT, MARBLE FLOORS, STAINLESS STEEL APPLMore info
3 bed, 2 full bath, 1 half bath. LOWEST PRICE IN NEIGHBORHOOD, LARGE TOWNHOUSE 3 BEDS 2 1/2 BATHS,1 CAR GARAGE, IN THE HEART OF WESTMore info
3 bed, 3 full bath. NOT A SHORT SALE OR FORECLOSURE. GREAT TOWNHOUSE LIKE NEW!! 3 BEDROOMS AND 3 BATHROOMS IN GREAT CONMore info
2 bed, 2 full bath. Beautiful Condo 2/2 in a very good conditions all tile through out. Enclosed patio leading to a nicMore info
3 bed, 3 full bath. Gorgeous 3 Bedroom, 3 Bathroom Townhouse in the Heart of Miami. This Spacious property features WooMore info
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2 bed, 2 full bath. SPECTACULAR OCEAN & INTRACOASTAL FRONT UNIT LOCATED IN THE FAMED "MILLIONAIRE'S ROW" IN MIAMI BEACHMore info


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Mexican officials have declared their intent to establish high speed rail spanning 130 miles between the nation's capital, Mexico City, and the city of Queretaro, to the northwest of the capital, in roughly two hours at top speeds of 186 mph.
Signaling a commitment to continued subway expansion, Metropolitan Transportation Authority CEO and Chairman Thomas Prendergast has requested funding for Phase 2 of New York City Transit's Second Avenue Subway, long a dream of city planners.
U.S. rail traffic gained ground in the week ending Aug. 2, 2014, effectively wrapping up a solid month of gains, the Association of American Railroads reported Thursday, Aug. 7.
Norfolk Southern Corp. said Thursday, Aug. 7, 2014 it recently sponsored a crude-by-rail (CBR) emergency response class at the Association of American Railroads' Security and Emergency Response Training Center (SERTC) in Pueblo, Colo. The class drew 40 responders from nine states.
By a 4-to-0 vote, the Santa Ana, Calif., City Council has chosen a proposed 4.1-mile streetcar route along the city's Fourth Street as a preferred option over a route along Fifth Street, citing existing foot traffic as a factor.
BNSF Railway, wholly owned by Omaha-based Berkshire Hathaway, Inc., has reported second-quarter net income of $916 million, up 4% from $884 million in the comparable quarter of 2013.
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Weight WatchersToday
Come and try our new simple start plan
ALDERSHOT all under cover CAR BOOT SALEToday
ALDERSHOT ALL WEATHER CAR BOOT- EVERY SUN 10am -3pm
Park and Sunflowers Children CentreToday
Activities include Stay and play groups; NCMA child minder drop in and much more
Butterflies and Dragonflies Children's CentreToday
Activities include baby massage; ante/post natal drop-in; stay and play, first friends.
A little bit of Italy comes to Aldershot03/10/2014
Aldershot will be full of the scents and tastes of Italy this autumn as it welcomes the return of the popular authentic Italian market.
Italia In Piazza – The Real Italian Food Market.03/10/2014
Come along to the friendly Italian food market, Italia in Piazza, on Friday 3rd October along Union and Wellington Street, Aldershot.
Depth Business Networking Event03/10/2014
Are you looking to networking with other local business owners? Join Depth Business Networking Partners Barons, BMW/MINI, Farnborough, thebestof Aldershot and Farnborough, DeVere Village Hotel and Phyllis Tuckwell Hospice for a highly professional networking event.
Rushmoor Youth Club03/10/2014
Rushmoor Youth Club every Friday night from 5pm to 8pm.
Ladies Night at the Village Hotel, Farnborough03/10/2014
For a night full of laughs and fun visit the DeVere Village Hotel, Farnborough on Ladies night!
Famous Fitness Fit Camp04/10/2014
Looking to get fit with fabulous fitness classes? Luke at Famous Fitness and his Fit Camp will get you loosing weight and feeling amazing!


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Perfect for a dorm room. Or for not a dorm room.
The more you know. Snack time at work just got so much more interesting.
Filed under "Phrases For Future Use"
The Princess Diaries informed my way of dealing with awful people.
(Source: missvodka)
Treehouse Community
Finca Bellavista (FBV) is a sustainable treehouse community situated on 600 acres of land in the mountainous South Pacific coastal region of Costa Rica. FBV is the brainchild of Mateo and Erica Hogan, a married couple from Colorado who fell in love with Costa Rica.
This is amazing, wow
Oh my God. Is it weird to say I'd love to honeymoon here? Even though I am single and not planning to change that anytime soon? No? Good.
75+ weather: check
sunglasses: check
car: check
*ridiculous music playlist: check
Let's. Go.
*incase you were wondering the playlist is below:
- Hoodie Allen
- The Dean's List
- Timeflies
- Down With Webster
- Goldenwest
- Sammy Adams
- The Freshman
- Jay-Z
- Game
- Zedd
- Chiddy
Get on with yo' bad self.
This is waaaaaaaaaaaay too much power to trust me with. Horrible things are likely to happen.
HOW DARE YOU. Although I am really loving the phrase "profanity words."
Oh my God. I can already tell V-Day '14 is gonna be awesome.


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Service Area
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Termination of Temporary Accommodation for Homeless Families Before A Section 184 Notice Is Issued
I had a frustrating case to deal with yesterday which raised an interesting legal question. The Homeless Persons Unit manager and I exchanged emails after I threatened Judicial Review proceedings and then discussed it on the phone. At the end of all this we both agreed that neither of us were totally confident of our positions. If anyone out there is still reading this blog and has some time to spare I would welcome any suggestions as to what the answer is.
The scenario is that a homeless person with children is in self contained hostel type accommodation for which the booking can be terminated at short notice. She is waiting for the council to issue a Section 184 Notice. This is taking a long time due to the complexity of the circumstances in which she became homeless. Whilst in temporary accommodation she runs up rent arrears. The council write three or four letters to her about the arrears and warn her that they will evict her if they are not paid. They only amount to £171.00 but then just before 5:00pm on 5 June they call her and tell her that they are cancelling her accommodation with effect from 6 June. She has nowhere else to go. I should add that this is a non unitary authority so they do not (as far as I am aware) owe the children of the family any duties under the Children Act 1989.
On 6 June I sent a letter before action threatening Judicial Review proceedings on the basis that the council cannot summarily evict in this way. I maintain that pending the issue of the Section 184 Notice the council remain under a mandatory duty to provide accommodation under Section 188 of the Housing Act 1996. I add that even if this duty was being treated as discharged they would still have to allow her a reasonable notice period.
The council maintain that they are entitled to terminate the temporary accommodation due to the rent arrears regardless of Section 188 and that they can treat their warning letters written over some weeks as being reasonable notice. They maintain that they can reconsider the provision of temporary accommodation if they end up issuing a positive Section 184 Notice and accepting a duty to house her. I don't agree with this and still think that they would have to give her some sort of notification that duties were being discharged before they could treat the mandatory duty to accommodate under Section 188 as discharged and terminate her accommodation.
We settled the stand off without having to issue proceedings. This was because the Homeless Persons Unit manager conceded that they should have referred the family to the County Council Children's Services Department before making them street homeless rather than afterwards and that he would extend the booking to allow for this.
This is only a temporary solution and still leaves the question of whether and if so in what circumstances a council can cease to provide temporary accommodation before a Section 184 notice has been issued unresolved.


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Ken2896 Wrote:
Dec 04, 2012 11:14 AM
You can't say it's going to be a Mad Max dystopia and have people believe you. It has to actually start happening. If I lived in the LA area, I'd be looking to move or arming myself. When Cali goes insolvent, LaLa Land will be ground zero for the mayhem to come.


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Teillet is situated in the Tarn (Midi-Pyrenees region) in the south of France at 19 km from Albi, the department capital. (General information: Teillet is 558 km from Paris).
Popular places to visit nearby include Albi at 19 km and Lautrec at 21 km. For more places to visit and local tourist attractions see the map and listings below.
Some places that we or our contributors have visited and reviewed and can recommend close to Teillet. Note that all distances shown are 'direct' and real driving distances will be greater.
... or see ALL recommended places to visit in Tarn
Hover your mouse over photos for navigation buttons
Midi-Pyrenees (surrounding region)
Local markets
Below we show places with official tourist classifications and other places of interest to visit nearby that should provide inspiration if you are visiting Teillet and wondering what to do next! Positions of each of these attractions is shown on the map below.
Heritage sites Episcopal City, Albi (19km)
Most beautiful villages in France (see also beautiful French villages) Brousse-le-Chateau (29km)
National Monuments Beaulieu en Rouergue Abbey (57km)
Recommended detour towns (fr: plus beau détour) Gaillac (36km); Revel (50km)
Regional Natural Parcs Haut-Languedoc (39km)
Churches or other religious monuments Eglise de Saint-Cirice (Brousse-le-Chateau) (29km)
Remarkable gardens Parc Rochegude (19km); Jardin du palais de la Berbie (19km); Jardin de l'Évêché (27km); Jardin de Paradis (40km); Jardin des Martels (46km); Jardin et parc du château de Loubens (53km); Jardins de Quercy (54km)
Protected historical centre (fr: secteur sauvegardé) (see also historical French towns) Albi (18km)
Sites of natural beauty Grotte de la Devèze (50km); Gorges de l'Aveyron (53km)
Towns of Art and history Sauveterre-de-Rouergue (43km); Najac (51km)
Villages in bloom 4* (fr: ville fleurie) Fraisse-sur-Agout (45km)
Commune: Teillet
Canton: Alban
Arrondissement: Albi
Department: Tarn
Region: Midi-Pyrenees
Postcode: 81120
from Albi (prefecture): 19 km
from Paris: 558 km
from Calais: 792 km
from Nice: 396 km
from Bordeaux: 257 km
from Strasbourg: 672 km
We have 7 other places listed nearby (within 6 kilometres of Teillet): Arifat, Le Travet, Mont-Roc, Mouzieys-Teulet, Roumegoux, Saint-Antonin-de-Lacalm and Terre-Clapier.
This page in French: Visitez Teillet
Not yet a member!? Make more of your visit with your own personal trip planner.
- Best price guarantee
- Pay on arrival


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So Good! Syrupy Pancakes for Breakfast
Has anyone else noticed the explosion of pancake recipes lately? We can't seem to open a magazine or surf the web without running into a picture of syrup-drizzled, crispy-edged, meltingly-tender pancakes. We even talked about making light and fluffy pancakes here on the Kitchn just last week. Might as well give in!
Not that we're really complaining about any of this! Pancakes are so very good and so very simple to make on a lazy weekend morning. What's really amazing is how many different variations there are to choose from!
• Heavenly Hots from Amanda Hesser in the New York Times - We've been drooling over these tangy little sour cream pancakes ever since Faith reviewed them!
• Cinnamon Bun Pancakes from the Pioneer Woman on Tasty Kitchen - Topped with maple syrup icing and infused with cinnamon, these pancakes will definitely satisfy our sweet tooth.
• Oatmeal Pancakes from Orangette - Anything that starts by soaking oatmeal in buttermilk overnight is sure to be a winner at our breakfast table.
• Chocolate-Espresso Pancakes with Raspberry Coulis from Inn Cuisine - Talk about indulgence! If you're a fan of dessert-for-breakfast (or breakfast-for-dessert, maybe?!), this one is for you!
• Coconut and Ricotta Pancakes with Ginger Syrup from Bon Appétit - We're curious how the rich ricotta would work with the coconut in this recipe. The ginger syrup sounds divine!
Ah, mystery solved! In the course of pulling these recipes together, we discovered that pancakes are a traditional way to use up rich ingredients like eggs and butter before the beginning of Lent. You learn something new every day...
Provided you're not observing Lent, which one of these would you like to try this weekend?
Related: How to Make Scallion Pancakes
(Image: Sandie from Inn Cuisine)
5 Comments
Just in time for the weekend-I'll have to remember this when we are deciding what to make for breakfast tomorrow!
Typically, people eat pancakes on the last day before Lent - Shrove (Pancake) Tuesday. The idea is to use all the fresh ingredients that won't last through Lent, because you won't be eating that stuff again until Easter.
So, technically, your recipes are a tad late. They sound great though!
The oatmeal pancakes, definitely, never tried that technique before!
But my syrup has to be my mother's homemade, just a little butter and brown sugar in a skillet, and add a little flavoring (vanilla, lemon, almond, etc). I remember sitting at the table, waiting for pancakes, as she was making syrup and the memory alone makes it worth the few extra minutes.
Yeah, we had pancakes for Mardi Gras. My 4-year-old was really taken with the idea of pancakes for DINNER and is already lobbying for another batch. I'm trying to sell her on savory ones for dinner: veggie pancakes, wonderful Indian black-eyed-pea pancakes, latkes. No, she wants buckwheats with maple syrup and strawberries.
That butter-brown sugar syrup sounds fantastic Rucy!
I can vouch for the oatmeal pancakes by Orangette. We made a 1/2 batch yesterday morning and already have the buttermilk soaking for a new batch this morning. Only tweak: I put in a dash of cinnamon with the dry ingredients and added sliced bananas to the batter as they were on the griddle. These things are freakin delicious and very easy!