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DO YOU DARE TO LOOK INSIDE!?Jam-packed with a mind-boggling selection of all new incredible facts, crazy stories, jaw-dropping pictures, lists and interviews, the latest Ripley's Believe It or Not! Dare to Look annual caters to the ultimate curious mind… with an interest in stuff that's sometimes just plain weird!Read all about the world's shortest policewoman, a hamster rampage, and a 95-year-old woman who lifted her coffi n lid and cooked dinner six days after she was pronounced dead. Marvel at the amazing pictures of the Orvillecopter (half cat, half machine), Maria Jose Cristerna (the world's most body-modifi ed woman), and Chayne "The Space Cowboy" Hultgren lifting 411.7 kg from his eye sockets!Organised into chapters like Body, Sports, Transport, Pop Culture and Feats (so you can head straight to your own peculiar interests), stories about the world's wonders and weird-ities, miracles and monstrosities are illustrated with stacks of amazing images.Ripley's Believe It or Not! Dare to Look also has bonus hidden content that's accessible using the Ripley's Believe It or Not! app. Step into the world of Ripley's and see it come alive - by scanning with a smartphone, the special oddSCAN™ logos reveal exclusive videos, images and more.Published annually, with brand new extraordinary material every year, Ripley's Believe It or Not! consistently appears in The New York Times Best Seller list.
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I can catch chewed food that Mr 2 has agreed to taste but not liked and proceded to spit out while everyone is oblivious. Luckily or my big brave man would loose his dinner... and that I will NOT catch!!
I can wriggle my nose up and down plus side to side while flaring my nostrils :P
I can do the theme tune to Star Wars with my armpit raspberries!!
I can do a HEADSTAND on the loungeroom floor
which results in my 4yo and 2yo begging for more!
So I lift one hand up and wave it around
then lift the other and fall crashing to the ground
The kids then attempt to have a go after
and we all end up in fits of laughter!!
I can go all winter without shaving my legs and give myself a pair of legwarmers in the process.
My multi tasking abiliities need to be seen to be believed!
Believe It Or Not.... I can stare down an obsinate teenager who won't get ready, iron my work shirt, prepare lunch for 5 people, reply to work email and find those errant car keys, all in the 30 short minutes allocated!


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Competences Of Graduates As An Indicator Of External Quality Assurance In Universities
AbstractIn recent years universities have undergone structural changes, with the objective of harmonizing the European Higher Education System. This process has culminated with the entry into the European Higher Education Area (EHEA). This study makes two key contributions. First, it provides an indicator used to evaluate the competences of graduates from A Coruña University and the competences demanded by the workforce. Then, it also offers relevant information on what competences are most valued and sought for by the business world. This information will be instrumental for the implementation of EHEA, for which graduate competences is a key part of University planning.
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Bibliographic InfoArticle provided by Euro-American Association of Economic Development in its journal Regional and Sectoral Economic Studies.
Volume (Year): 10 (2010)
Issue (Month): 3 ()
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Web page: http://www.usc.es/economet/eaa.htm
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Related researchKeywords: guarantee of quality; university education; graduate competences.;
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- A22 - General Economics and Teaching - - Economic Education and Teaching of Economics - - - Undergraduate
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subset: commoncrawl


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Posted 2 years ago
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occupyaustin, occupy austin, austin, austin tx, austin texas, occupy, ows, democracy,
This is what gets me right, I never understand, we're allowed to protest, but as long as it doesn't get in the way of...
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Browsing all posts tagged with ozona grill and bar.
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AUDIO: Jacob Asbill – POP
Thursday, May 10th, 2012
Jacob stops by the show today to chat with me and play a few songs, including a cover of Band's "The Weight" Listen here and then come out and hear him live tonight at 8 for Party on the Patio at Ozona! Rain or shine, the drinks are cheap!
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AUDIO: Adam Mitchell – POP
Thursday, March 15th, 2012
Thursday means Party on the Patio at Ozona Grill & Bar! Come join us tonight for cheap drinks, crawfish, and an awesome musical guest. Our Rock the Republic featured artist this week is my friend, Adam/Brad Mitchell. Sure I might be a little biased, but you don't want to miss this performance. Check out Adam's […]


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by Chris Conte
DICKSON, Tenn. - Three workers at a local transfer station in Dickson are being hailed as heroes after saving a puppy that was thrown out in the trash.
Troy Holt has worked at the Dickson County Solid Waste center for 23 years. Most of his days are spent sitting in a front end loader, pushing trash around to dump into 18-wheelers so it can be hauled off.
On Friday, he was doing just that when over the incredibly loud piece of machinery he heard something crying.
"I heard something holler, I kept on and then I thought I heard something again and stopped and sure thing there was that puppy," Holt said.
Troy thinks the puppy was dumped by a large garbage truck where it more than likely was crush inside by a hydraulic compacting machine. Somehow it was still alive when Troy managed to pull it from beneath six or seven feet of refuse.
"He was weak, he couldn't hardly stand up, I thought his legs might had been broken. He was all dirty and wet and just pitiful looking," he added.
"It's just so sad," Troy continued.
The dog was taken to a local animal rescue shelter where he was given the name "Midas." After a few days at the vet, he was released to a foster home on Monday, where he is doing much better.
Officials said if this was done intentionally, the person responsible could face serious animal cruelty charges.
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Reader Comments (Page 1 of 1)
Personally I think Blizz should reduce the Table cost down to 1 dust, I've refilled my stack 4 times to 100 in the first two days alone with all these pugs. So I've gotten into the habit of just conjuring up 4 stacks of strudel before each queue and at the time of teleportation trading each person a stack since that's allowed. Cheap? Yeah, but even at Exalted I'm tired of the constant expenses. I'm not seeing "Gift" of the Wild, I'm seeing "Mark". Same with "Greater" Blessing of Kings. Seems like everybody is just sticking to baby buffs, but us Mages are more or less forced if we want to use the table...even though we're sure to have nearly 60-80 pieces on us from the last PuG leftover.
And don't even get me started on Warlocks. "What? Cookie jar? OKAY! Lemme just skimp out on a useful raid utility talent point and have weaker ones. Huh? Your stuff costs money? Strange...all I have to do is beat up a stick in Orgrimmar..."
...Hold on a sec. Excuse me? Cold Bucket of Love(my Elemental's name)? Would you please shoot water on them while I crit their face for 25k with Deep Freeze?


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Your request should include your current name and address, phone number, name under which you attended RCC (if different from current name), dates of attendance, and the address where transcripts should be sent. The charge for each transcript is $5. Allow 8-10 days for your transcript to arrive. Please note that transcripts will be withheld if any money is owed to the college. Transcripts sent directly to the student (as opposed to other colleges or employers) will be stamped as "issued to student" and are not considered official.


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Categories > Games > Final Fantasy X > Moments in Time
Beautiful Boy: Lulu0 Reviews
Lulu considers the legendary guardian she has just met.
It was a feeling that caught her by surprise. Even in her youth, she had only experienced attraction, temptation at best. Chappu had charmed her, but she had never felt the inexplicable magnetism towards him that this man seemed to wield as effortlessly as the sword on his shoulder. He fascinated her beyond words, with a force that seemed to bore a path through her eyes into the depths of her soul. Her chest was flooded with infatuation, drowning every heartbeat with a stronger pulse that threatened to overwhelm her. Anyone who cared to look at her would have seen it in an instant, but all eyes were fastened on him.
He had happened upon them by chance, it seemed, but Lulu had ceased to trust in the accidental nature of fate. She felt awed by his presence, overcome by a rare moment of intimidation. His face was carved of stone, his flesh marred by the crevices and scars of a thousand battles. It was his eyes that drew her gaze. Hidden behind glasses that revealed only her own reflection, they seemed to defy reality; they held every colour and yet none, they roved over the scene and yet stood frozen. The right eye was forced shut, slit by a hard grey line of scar tissue that slashed down past the high collar that concealed his cheek.
He seemed so impenetrable. His entire being was a mask of cryptic words and inscrutable sighs. Lulu suddenly felt that her position of the cold, emotionless guardian was being usurped, but she was powerless against that most legendary of legends. Auron was a fortress, protected from within by quiet fury and guarded on the surface by his scathing blade. She wanted to pry into the recesses of his consciousness. She wanted to shroud herself in his past, entangle herself within the smoky lines of his memory, and fade into the darkest corners of his memory.
Lulu slipped away to the back of the group, fearful that her emotions might escape the cage she had spent years building. Her fascination with Auron seemed to stretch through the air to where he stood, and as she glanced over her shoulder, his eye fastened on her. One enigmatic orb slid into place as though it had locked into some secret keyhole in her spirit that she had never been aware of. Amethyst lips parted and closed again. She did not move. She could not breathe. Her heart seemed to leap into her throat and pause there, letting her pulse shudder to a halt as her veins ceased to flow. His gaze held her in his grip, and she suddenly realized that he was breathtakingly beautiful.
Sir Auron. It is truly an honour.
Please, I wish no honour. I only wish to fulfill my promise to Braska.
But he was isolated, an island of strength that refused to be infiltrated. She had no hope of captivating him the same way he had captivated her.
"Beautiful boy
Tell me your name
I'm in love
Oh yeah
With a boy I just met on the street
In the dark
Oh yeah, oh yeah
Where are you going?
Beautiful boy,
Where are you going?
Where are you now?
Beautiful boy,
What are you doing tonight?"


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By MensXP | October 20, 2013, 11:28 am IST Relationships
When it comes to relationships, we can lose sight in the day-to-day madness of our career-driven lives. You don't always have to resort to out-of-box gestures and grand plans to impress your partner, small gestures like sending her a random 'I Miss You' text message or preparing her favourite meal can go a long way in stabalising any relationship. As the cliché goes, you have to be her friend as well as her lover, and that's exactly what makes a relationship so amazing. Here are a few, easy and quick things you can do to let her know she is special and always on your mind.


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Patterns available as Ravelry Downloads
Knitting: Mid-calf Socks
This is the Mystery sock for the March 2013 Sockdown in the Sock Knitters Anonymus group, i.e. the SKA MOCK.
Knitting: Mid-calf Socks
Having just wrestled with a multi coloured stranded sock, I wanted to design a pattern that just used two colours throughout. It's a very simple little leaf chart, and in the course of the sock, it will get modified in three different ways: on the heel, it disappears into stripes without decreases, over the instep it decreases centrally, a...
Knitting: Mid-calf Socks
23 September 2012 - UPDATE !!!
Knitting: Mid-calf Socks
This is the result of several attempts to create a sock pattern that has parts that are knitted in different directions. I like the various sideway patterns that are around, but they tend not to fit too well, as the fabric is less stretchy across, and I needed some sort of allowance for my high instep as well.
Knitting: Thigh-high, Mid-calf Socks
This sock was designed for the Nov 2011 Sockdown in the Sock Knitters Anonymus group. Considering what a struggle the initial conception was, and looking at the monster I created, I think it's only fitting that this sock was heavily inspired by Mary Shelley's book "Frankenstein, or the Modern Prometheus".
Knitting: Hanging Ornament
Yeah - because the world totally needs another Christmas ornament pattern…
Knitting: Mid-calf Socks
The "Love" comes from the hugs & kisses cable, and the "Liquor" in question is Chartreuse, seeing as this was designed especially for the SKA September 2011 challenge. It will of course work equally well in blue (Curacao), brown (Amaretto) or yellow (Limoncello)…
Knitting: Thigh-high, Mid-calf Socks
Be gentle, this is my first written pattern… it also has not been tested by anyone but me, so there is a chance directions may make sense to me but nobody else.


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A commercial featuring a young girl at her father's burial after being killed by a drunk driver is raising eyebrows in the capital city.
The ad was released two weeks ago by the UFCW, the union representing over 3,500 state liquor store workers, and has been playing on television stations statewide. There is a radio version to match, all in an effort to block liquor privatization.
But in the 30 second TV spot, after the girl at the burial, the group claims that Pennsylvania has the lowest death rate associated with alcohol consumption in the nation. Then, it urges people to contact their local state senator to vote down privatization. The ad finishes with a narrator saying, "We don't want other children to loose their parents."
"The commercial gets to a point that is a valid point about the impacts of privatization," said Wendell Young, president of UFCW Local 1776.
Others, however, including the Commonwealth Foundation, a conservative think tank, calls the ad a bottom shelf effort. The issue is not with the claim itself, it's the context.
"The ad is clearly referring to someone who was killed by a drunk driver. Then, it refers to a statistic that has nothing to do with drunk driving. It's clearly misleading to how that statistic is being used in the context of this ad," said Nathan Benefield, director of policy analysis for the Commonwealth Foundation.
The Pennsylvania DUI Association supports the commercial.
"When we are comparing apples to apples, Pennsylvania is by far better than any of the privatized states in the whole United States," said C. Stephen Erni, executive director of the Pennsylvania DUI Association.
The Pennsylvania Chamber of Business and Industry weighed in, denouncing the commercial and called it misleading and nothing more than a sideshow in the liquor privatization debate.
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Ever since the famous Velvet Revolution which cast off the last throws of Communism, the Czech capital of Prague has become a major tourist destination for people from around the world. Offering a sense of adventure and discovery for those people that know little about it, Prague is in fact a city which combines all that a modern cosmopolitan city offers together with a rich historical past. A number of accommodation options are possible here, with a great idea being to stay in a holiday rental apartment in Prague 5 - Smichov. Positioned within the city centre, and only a short walk from the historic old section, the apartment comes with all the mod-cons of home, including a well appointed kitchen which may come in useful for those that do not wish to dine out every night.
Most people that take a holiday in Prague will do so in order to enjoy the unique cultural heritage that the city has to offer. There are, however, a number of activities that are possible to try for those that would like to get a little exercise. Suggestions for leisure activities include walking, jogging, cycling and roller-blading. Further out from the centre, swimming and golf are also possible options.
People staying in self catering accommodation in Prague 5 - Smichov will soon discover that the city has an endless number of attractions that can be visited. Whilst some people may choose to see the highlights in a weekend, one or even two weeks may not be long enough to do it justice. The major attractions in Prague are the Prague castle, The Charles Bridge. Old Town Square, Wenceslas Square and Lennon Wall. The historic centre has been made a UNESCO World Heritage Site, and many an hour can be spent wandering around its amazing streets.
People planning a holiday in Prague 5 ¨C Smichov can expect an almost oceanic climate during their time in the city, and the weather that will be experienced will depend on the season in which it is visited. The winter months are quite cold with very little sunshine, with snow falling between November and March. In a way, this can add an extra dimension to how the city looks, although others may prefer to visit during the summer. Days are normally bright and sunny, and the average daily high during the summer is 24 degrees. Rainfall in Prague is very low, with may being the wettest month, although even then, a mere 77mm of rain falls during the month.
Anyone seeking to stay at self catering accommodation in Prague 5 - Smichov will most likely arrive by air. The Prague Ruzyne International Airport (PRG) connects with many major European cities, and holidaymakers from the UK can take their pick of flights, with British Airways out of London Heathrow (LHR) being one of the options. Car hire is not needed on arrival, as due to the location of the holiday rental apartment in Prague 5 - Smichov, most of the major attractions can be reached on foot or by public transport.


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Ferndale Hosts 'First Ever' LGBT Midwest Job Expo
Businesses and organizations known to be friendly to the lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender community are putting out the "help wanted" sign.
Reward Offered In Case Of Murdered Transgender Woman
Crime Stoppers is offering a $2,500 reward for information in the death of a transgender woman whose body was found outside a Detroit home last month.
Transgender Woman Killed In Detroit
Detroit Police say a transgender woman was killed during an early morning shooting on Tuesday.
Conference To Focus On Gender And Sexuality In Education
It's a first-ever conference of its kind in Michigan, held in hopes of creating a more "inclusive" environment for all students.
Burned Body Found In Detroit Identified As Transgender Teen
The burned torso of a 19-year-old transgender Detroit woman has been identified.
Should Transgender Discrimination Be Illegal?
A gay rights group is pushing to make discrimination against gay and transgender Michigan residents illegal.
Motor City Pride Part Of Detroit Parade
Motor City Pride is back in the "D" and they had a parade down Jefferson Avenue to celebrate their return to Detroit after 25 years.


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Belkin Components F3U133-V03-RTC
- New - Open Box 1 Left
• Original manufacturer condition
• Includes accessories
• Manufacturer warranty
- New - Open Box products are in original manufacturer condition, include accessories, and carry the manufacturer warranty.
- Manuals and software might not be included, but can usually be downloaded from the manufacturer.
- These items can be in the original manufacturer box or repackaged for protection during shipping.
The Belkin F3U133-V03-RTC Retractable USB 2.0 Cable allows you to connect USB devices to your notebook computer anywhere you go. Its compact size and advanced functionality make it the ideal accessory to include inside your laptop case-a great solution for today's mobile professional. The flat cable design allows the cable to wind inside the reel, eliminating loose and tangled cables. Now you can control the length of your cable when you connect a USB device to your computer.
|Model number
|Product Name
Belkin F3U133-V03-RTC USB Cable
|Product Type
USB Cable
2.6 feet
|Connector on One End
1 x 4-pin USB Type A Male
|Connector on Second End
1 x 4-pin USB Type B Male
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Business Description:Caltex Australia Limited (CTX) is a transport fuel supplier, convenience retailer and an integrated oil refining and marketing company. It operates two major refineries at Kurnell in Sydney and Lytton in Brisbane. The company also operates with a myriad of subsidiaries; Caltex Australia Custodians, Caltex Australia Petroleum, Caltex Fuel Services, Petroleum Services, Hunter Pipe Line Company, B&S Distributors and Jet Fuels Petroleum Distributors.
Strategy Analysis:CTX strategy is based on lifting refinery utilisation rates so it can take full advantage of excess demand for refined product in Australia. Refiner margins can be volatile but high refinery utilisation rates and strong marketing activities are important in driving operating cash flow and earnings. This allows for the reduction of debt levels and improving the return on equity and the return to shareholders. The alliance with Woolworths underpins volume growth. The CEO aims to lift CTX into the top quartile in terms of total shareholder return and to eliminate earnings volatility - a very big task.
Caltex Australia reported NPAT of $57.6m for the year ended 31 December 2012. This includes significant items of approximately $309.0m (after tax), which primarily relates to provisions in respect of the closure of the Kurnell refinery. This compares favourably to the 2011 after tax loss of $713.22m, which included significant items of $1.12bn (after tax) relating to the refinery impairment. The 2012 result includes product and crude oil inventory losses of $92.0m after tax, compared with an inventory gain of $138.0m after tax in 2011. Revenues from ordinary activities were $23.26bn, up 5% from last year. Basic and Diluted EPS was 21.0 cents compared to (264.3) cents last year. Net operating cash flow was $399.74m compared to $446.4m last year. The final dividend declared was 23.0 cents, taking the full year dividend to 40.0 cents compared with 45.0 cents last year.
An educational booklet that will point out what you need to know to use options effectively for additional income and risk management.
The Age 19/12/2013 |
Ten Network's programming ambitions will be funded by a $200 million loan guaranteed by three of its billionaire owners, as the free-to-air broadcaster declared digital was the future and pointed to early signs that its switch to an older market demographic was working.
The Age 19/12/2013 |
Troubled rural services group Elders is threatening to call in the police over an alleged $24 million fraud by a "handful of individuals" in its live cattle exports division.
The Age 19/12/2013 |
Bega Cheese began the battle for Warrnambool Cheese & Butter but three months on it appears to be the first casualty of the bidding war.
The Age 19/12/2013 |
A persistently high Australian dollar is thwarting the Reserve Bank's efforts to ease the transition of the economy away from mining.
The Age 19/12/2013 |
The Reserve Bank is keeping the door open to further interest rate cuts, but believes the "significant amount" of monetary policy easing over the past two years is already stimulating growth.
The Age 19/12/2013 |
The underwhelming sharemarket debut of packaging company Pact Group Holdings has weighed on the demerger of Amcor and its $2 billion Australasian packaging and distribution business Orora.
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Frankfurt am Main
|Frankfurt am Main
|Coat of arms
|Admin. region
|Urban district
|City subdivisions
|16 districts (Ortsbezirke)
46 boroughs (Stadtteile)
|Governing parties
|CDU / Greens
|Basic statistics
Please give "Stand" in YYYY-MM-DD format , e. g. 2005-12-31[][]
|- Metro
Please give "pop_metro_date" in YYYY-MM-DD format , e. g. 2005-12-31
|1st century
|Other information
|Time zone
|Licence plate code
|Postal codes
|60001-60599, 65901-65936
|Area codes
|069, 06109, 06101
|Location of the city of Frankfurt am Main within urban district
Frankfurt am Main (German: [ˈfʁaŋkfʊʁt], English: [ˈfɹæŋkfɜːth] American English: [ˈfɹæŋkfɝʔ]) is the largest city in the German state of Hesse and the fifth-largest city in Germany, with a mid-2007 population of 663,567.[0] The urban area had an estimated population of 2,260,001 in 2001.[0] The city is at the center of the larger Frankfurt Rhine Main Area which has a population of 5 million and is Germany's second largest metropolitan area.
Situated on the river Main, Frankfurt is the financial and transportation centre of Germany. Frankfurt is the place of residence of the European Central Bank, the Frankfurt Stock Exchange and is one of the two largest financial centres in continental Europe (the other one being Paris). Frankfurt was named Europe's richest city in 2001 as measured by GDP per capita.[3] It is also listed as one of nine Alpha world cities.[4]
Among English speakers the city is commonly known simply as "Frankfurt", though Germans occasionally call it by its full name when it is necessary to distinguish it from the other (significantly smaller) Frankfurt in the German state of Brandenburg, known as Frankfurt (Oder). It was once called Frankfort-on-the-Main in English, a translation of Frankfurt am Main.
OverviewHoly Roman Empire of the German Nation. In the 1848-49 revolutions, it became a sort of revolutionary capital and was the seat of the first democratically elected German parliament, the Frankfurt Parliament, which met in the Frankfurter Paulskirche, or St. Paul's Church.
The three pillars of Frankfurt's economy are finance, transport, and trade fairs. Frankfurt has been Germany's financial capital for centuries, and it is the home of a number of major banks and brokerages. The Frankfurt Stock Exchange is by far Germany's largest, and is one of the world's most important. Frankfurt is also the seat of the European Central Bank which sets monetary policy for the Eurozone economy, and of the German Bundesbank. A number of major German commercial banks, including Deutsche Bank, Dresdner Bank, and Commerzbank, are based in Frankfurt.
Frankfurt has an excellent transportion infrastructure and the Frankfurt International Airport is a major European aviation hub. Frankfurt Airport ranks among the world's top ten airports and serves 304 flight destinations in 110 countries. Depending on whether total passengers or flights are used, it ranks as the second or third busiest in Europe alongside London Heathrow Airport and Paris' Charles de Gaulle. Its central location at Europe's heart and its excellent accessibility by air, rail and road make Frankfurt Airport City especially attractive. In addition, many large trade fairs take place in Frankfurt each year, notably the Internationale Automobil-Ausstellung (Frankfurt Motor Show) and the Frankfurt Book Fair, which have far over 100,000 visitors each, but also important special interest fairs like the LinuxWorld Conference & Expo or Musikmesse Frankfurt.
Frankfurt is sometimes nicknamed "Bankfurt", "Mainhattan" (derived from the local River Main) or "The Big Äppel" (a reference to "Äppelwoi", or apple wine, a type of cider which is produced and drunk mainly in the region). It is one of only four European cities that have a significant number of high-rise skyscrapers. With eleven skyscrapers taller than 150 m (492 ft) in 2004, Frankfurt is second behind Paris (La Défense and Montparnasse, with twelve skyscrapers taller than 150 m, not counting the Eiffel Tower), but ahead of London (Canary Wharf and the City, with eight skyscrapers taller than 150 m) and Moscow (seven skyscrapers taller than 150 m). The city of Frankfurt contains the tallest skyscraper in the European Union, the Commerzbank Tower, which is also the second tallest on the continent (after the Triumph-Palace building in Moscow).
Frankfurt is also home to many cultural and educational institutions, the Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität, many museums, most of them lined up along the Main river on the Museumsufer (museum embankment), and a large botanical garden, the Palmengarten. Frankfurt's second major university, Business School of Finance and Management, focuses on finance. The best-known museums are das Städelsche Kunstinstitut und Städtische Galerie, called Städel, and the Senckenberg Natural History Museum. Others include the Museum for Modern Art, the Schirn Art Gallery, museums for architecture, films, communications and the Jewish Museum/ Museum Judengasse.
During World War II Frankfurt was heavily bombed and its mediaeval city centre was destroyed. The city recovered relatively quickly after the war, and its modern shape was formed. Part of the rebuilding process involved creating one of Europe's most efficient underground transportation systems in the 1970s. That system includes a light rail system (S-Bahn) capable of reaching outlying communities as well as the city centre, and a deep underground rail system with smaller coaches (U-Bahn) also capable of travelling above ground on street rails.
The name of Frankfurt on the Main is derived from the Franconofurt of the Germanic tribe of the Franks; Furt (cf. English ford) denotes a low point passage across a stream or river. Alemanni and Franks lived there and by 794 Charlemagne presided over an imperial assembly and church synod, at which Franconofurd (-furt -vurd) is first mentioned.
In the Holy Roman Empire, Frankfurt was one of the most important cities. From 855 the German kings and emperors were elected in Frankfurt and crowned in Aachen. From 1562 the kings/emperors were also crowned in Frankfurt, Maximilian II being the first one. This tradition ended in 1792, when Franz II was elected. He was crowned, on purpose, on Bastille Day, 14 July, the anniversary of the storming of the Bastille. The elections and coronations took place in St. Bartholomäus cathedral, known as the Kaiserdom (en: Emperor's Cathedral), or in its predecessors.
The Frankfurter Messe (en: Frankfurt trade fair) was first mentioned in 1150. In 1240, Emperor Friedrich II granted an Imperial privilege to its visitors, meaning they would be protected by the Empire. Since 1478 book trade fairs have been held in Frankfurt, the Frankfurter Buchmesse being still the most important in Germany and, some might say, the world.
In 1372 Frankfurt became a Reichsstadt (en:Imperial city), i.e. directly subordinate to the Holy Roman Emperor and not to a regional ruler or a local nobleman.
Frankfurt managed to remain neutral during the Thirty Years' War, but it suffered from the bubonic plague that was brought to the city by refugees. After the end of the war, Frankfurt regained its wealth.
In the Napoleonic Wars Frankfurt was occupied or cannonaded several times by French troops. It nevertheless still remained a free city until the total collapse of the Holy Roman Empire in 1805/6. In 1806 it become part of the principality of Aschaffenburg under the Fürstprimas ('Prince-Primate', 25 July 1806 – 19 October 1813: Karl Theodor Anton Maria Kämmerer von Worms, Reichsfreiherr von Dalberg (b. 1744 – d. 1817), 1803–1806 Prince-archbishop of Regensburg). This also meant, that Frankfurt was incorporated into the confederation of the Rhine. In 1810 Dalberg adopted the title of a Grand Duke of Frankfurt. Napoleon intended to make his adopted son Eugène de Beauharnais, already prince de Venise ("prince of Venice", a newly established primogeniture in Italy) Grand Duke of Frankfurt after Dalberg's death (since the latter as a Catholic bishop didn't have legitimate heirs). The Grand Duchy remained a short episode lasting from 1810 to 1813, when military tide turned in favor of the Anglo-Prussian lead allies, which turns over the Napoleonic order of central Europe. Dalberg abdicated in favor of Eugène de Beauharnais, which of course was only a symbolic action, as the latter effectively never did rule after the ruin of the French armies and Frankfurt being taken by the allies.
After Napoleon's final defeat and abdication, the Congress of Vienna (1812-1815, redrawing the map of Europe) dissolved the grand-duchy, and Frankfurt entered the newly founded German Confederation (till 1866) as a free city, becoming the seat of its Bundestag, the confederal parliament where the nominally presiding Habsburg Emperor of Austria was represented by an Austrian "presidential envoy".
After the ill-fated revolution of 1848, Frankfurt was home to the first German National Assembly (Nationalversammlung), which resided in St. Paul's Church (Paulskirche) (see German Confederation for details) and was opened on 18 May 1848. The institution failed in 1849 when the Prussian king declared that he would not accept "a crown from the gutter". In the year of its existence, the assembly developed a common constitution for a unified Germany, with the Prussian king as its monarch.
Frankfurt lost its independence after Austro-Prussian War as Prussia annexed in 1866 several smaller states, among them the free city of Frankfurt. The Prussian administration incorporated Frankfurt into its province of Hesse-Nassau. The formerly independent towns of Bornheim and Bockenheim were incorporated in 1890.
In 1914 the citizens of Frankfurt founded the University of Frankfurt, later called Johann Wolfgang Goethe University. This is the only civic foundation of a university in Germany; today it is one of Germany's largest universities.
After World War I Frankfurt was occupied by French troops as a means of reprisal, because the French found the German side guilty of having violated in some details the clauses of the peace treaty of Versailles concerning the demilitarisation of the Rhineland. In 1924 Ludwig Landmann became the first Jewish Mayor of the city, and led a significant expansion during the following years. However, during the Nazi era, the synagogues of Frankfurt were destroyed.
The city of Frankfurt was severely bombed in World War II. About 5,500 residents were killed during the raids, and the once famous medieval city centre, by that time the largest in Germany, was destroyed. The reconstruction after the war took place in an (often-simple) modern style, thus irrevocably changing the architectural face of Frankfurt. Only very few landmark buildings have been reconstructed historically, albeit in a simplified manner.
After the end of the war Frankfurt became a part of the newly founded state of Hesse, consisting of the old Hesse-(Darmstadt) and the Prussian Hesse provinces. The city was part of the American administered zone of Germany. The Military Governor for the United States Zone (1945-1949) and the United States High Commissioner for Germany (HICOG) (1949-1952) had their headquarters in the IG Farben Building, intentionally left undamaged by the Allies' wartime bombardment. Frankfurt was the original choice for the provisional capital of West Germany — they even went as far as constructing a new parliament building that has never been used for its intended purpose, and is now a TV studio. In the end, Konrad Adenauer (the first post-war Chancellor) preferred the tiny city of Bonn, for the most part because it was close to his hometown, but also for another reason; many other prominent politicians opposed the choice of Frankfurt out of concern that Frankfurt, one of the largest German cities, and a former centre of the old German-dominated Holy Roman Empire, would be accepted as a "permanent" capital of Germany, thereby weakening the West German population's support for reunification and the eventual return of the capital city to Berlin.
PopulationFrankfurt is a multicultural city. Most immigrants are from Turkey, Croatia, Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Italy, Spain, North-African countries, Iran, Lebanon, and the United States. The Frankfurt Area is also home to the (now 2nd) largest Korean community in Europe. 180 different nationalities reside in Frankfurt.
For a long time Frankfurt was a Protestant-dominated city. However, during the 19th century an increasing number of Catholics moved to the city. Today a narrow plurality of citizens are Catholic. Frankfurt has the second largest Jewish community (after Berlin) in Germany.
Geographic locationThe city is located on both sides of the River Main. The southern part of the city contains the Frankfurt City Forest (Frankfurter Stadtwald) Germany's largest forest within a city. The centre of Frankfurt is located on the north of river.
Neighbouring communities and areasHattersheim am Main, Kriftel, Hofheim am Taunus, Kelkheim (Taunus), Liederbach am Taunus, Sulzbach (Taunus), Schwalbach am Taunus and Eschborn); to the Northwest the Hochtaunuskreis (Towns Steinbach (Taunus), Oberursel (Taunus), and Bad Homburg v.d. Höhe; to the North the Wetteraukreis (Towns Karben and Bad Vilbel); to the Northeast the Main-Kinzig district (Municipality Niederdorfelden and the town Maintal); to the Southeast the city Offenbach am Main; to the South the Offenbach district (Town Neu-Isenburg); and to the Southwest the Groß-Gerau district (Towns Mörfelden-Walldorf, Rüsselsheim and Kelsterbach).
City divisions and districtsThe city is divided into 46 Stadtteile or Ortsteile which is again divided into 118 Stadtbezirke or city districts. The largest Ortsteil in area is Sachsenhausen-Süd. Most Stadtteile are incorporated suburbs, or Vororte, or previously separate cities. Some like Nordend arose during the rapid growth of the city in the Gründerzeit after the unification of Germany. Others were formed from settlements, which previously belonged to other city divisions, like Dornbusch (Frankfurt am Main).
The 46 city divisions are combined into 16 area districts or Ortsbezirke, which each have a district committee and chairperson.
History of incorporationUntil the middle of the 19th century, the city territory of Frankfurt consisted of the present-day Stadtteile of Altstadt, Innenstadt, Bahnhofsviertel, Gutleutviertel, Gallusviertel, Westend, Nordend, Ostend and Sachsenhausen. After 1877, a number of previously independent areas were incorporated into the city, see .
Main sights
CathedralSaint Bartholomeus' Cathedral (Dom Sankt Bartholomäus) is a Gothic building, which was constructed in the 14th and 15th centuries on the foundation of an earlier church from the Merovingian time. It is the main church of Frankfurt. From 1356 onwards, kings of the Holy Roman Empire were elected in this church, and from 1562 to 1792, emperors were crowned here.
Since the 18th century, Saint Bartholomeus' has been called "the cathedral" by the people, although it has never been a bishop's seat. In 1867, the cathedral was destroyed by a fire and rebuilt in its present style. The height of the cathedral is 95 m.
The Römer was partially destroyed in World War II, and later rebuilt.
Saint Paul's Church
St. Paul's Church (Paulskirche) is a national historic monument in Germany with great political symbolism, because it was the seat of the first democratically elected Parliament in 1848. It was established in 1789 as a Protestant church but was not finished until 1833. Its importance has its root in the Frankfurt Parliament, which met in the church during the revolutionary years of 1848/49 in order to write a constitution for a united Germany. The attempt failed because the monarchs of Prussia and Austria did not want to lose power, and in 1849 Prussian troops ended the democratic experiment by force of arms and the parliament was dissolved. Afterwards, the building was used for church services again.
St. Paul's was partially destroyed in World War II, particularly the interior of the building, which now has a modern appearance. It was quickly and symbolically rebuilt after the war; today it is not used for religious services, but mainly for exhibitions and events.
Alte Oper
Alte Oper, Frankfurt's famous opera house, was built in 1880 by the architect Richard Lucae. It was one of the major opera houses of Germany, until it was destroyed in World War II. It was not until 1981 that the old opera was fully rebuilt and reopened. Today it functions as a concert hall, while operas are performed in the Oper Frankfurt. The inscription on the frieze of the Old Opera says: "Dem Wahren, Schönen, Guten" ("To the true, the beautiful, the good").
Oper FrankfurtThe Oper Frankfurt is a leading opera company of Germany and one of the most important opera houses in the world.
20th century architecture
- IG Farben Building
- New Frankfurt, housing estates 1925-1930
- Museum für angewandte Kunst, designed by Richard Meier
SkyscrapersFrankfurt is unique for its skyscrapers, and it is one of only a few European cities to allow skyscrapers within the old central part of town. Along with Paris, London and Warsaw, it also is one of the few European cities to have a significant number of skyscrapers.
The major skyscrapers are:
- Commerzbank Tower — Europe's tallest building (1997–2005), designed by British Architect Sir Norman Foster.
- Silver Tower
- MesseTurm — Europe's tallest building (1990–1997)
- Kronenhochhaus (DZ-Bank) with its "statue of liberty" like roof structure.
- Maintower, among others "Landesbank Hessen-Thüringen" (HeLaBa)
- Trianon (Frankfurt am Main).
Other structures
- Henninger Turm: a grain silo owned by Henninger Brewery with observation deck and restaurant, offering a breath-taking view over downtown Frankfurt from its south shore. The tower has been closed to the public since October 31, 2002.
- Europaturm
- a telecommunications tower known as the "Frankfurt TV Tower". Until 1999, it was open to the public, with an entertainment establishment in the revolving top. It is normally referred by the locals as the "Spargel" (Asparagus) due to its tall circular central structure.
FestivalsFrankfurt hosts several festivals, fairs, and carnivals throughout the year. The most famous is the Rheingau-Music-Festival with many (mostly classical) concerts at castles and under the open sky surrounded by vineyards. It's an annual festival, taking place in May. Another major festival in the city is the "Museumsuferfest"; "Museum-Riverbank-Festival". It is one of the biggest cultural festivals in Germany, which offers the opportunity to see, buy, smell, taste and hear new things from all around the world. The festival takes place yearly at the end of summer and attracts an average of 3 million visitors. The festival goes over a period of 3 days and ends with a spectacular show of fireworks. Frankfurt is also known for having one of the largest red light districts in Germany in vicinity of the Hauptbahnhof (main railway station).
South side, in this order:
- Ikonenmuseum
- Museum für Angewandte Kunst
- Museum der Weltkulturen
- Deutsches Filmmuseum
- Deutsche Architekturmuseum
- Museum für Kommunikation
- Städel
- Liebieghaus
- Museum Giersch
- Jewish Museum (Frankfurt)
- Historisches Museum (Frankfurt)
- Museum of Modern Art (MMK, Frankfurt am Main)
- Schirn Art Gallery
- Senckenberg Natural History Museum
Culinary specialties
- Frankfurter Sausage
- Frankfurter Rindswurst
- Apfelwein
- Grüne Soße
- Bethmännchen
- Frankfurter Kranz
- Handkäs mit Musik
- Rippchen mit Kraut
AirportsThe city is accessed from around the world via the Frankfurt International Airport. The airport has three runways and is one of the busiest airports in Europe, along with London Heathrow Airport, Charles de Gaulle International Airport and Schiphol International Airport. It is the biggest cargo-airport in Europe. Frankfurt can also be accessed via Frankfurt-Hahn Airport which is located approximately 120 km (75 mi) from the actual city.
RailwaysFrankfurt Central Station recently underwent a major development to allow trains from all over Germany to arrive at the station. Long distance trains run by Deutsche Bahn exit and arrive at the station everyday and less luxurious EuroCity and InterCity trains do the same. The Airport Long Distance Station is a modern station for the ICE highspeed trains at the Airport beside the A3 Motorway.
Local trains are integrated in the Public transport system Rhein-Main-Verkehrsverbund (RMV), the second largest integrated public transport systems in the world. Only the Berlin integrated public transport system (VBB) is larger.
Public transport
The S-Bahn is a far more extensive rail network and is above ground for the majority of the routes, however, they are largely subterranean in the city centre. The S-Bahn provides access to the suburbs of Frankfurt and to the main airport, as well to nearby cities and larger towns (such as Darmstadt, Hanau and Wiesbaden), and most smaller towns that are on the way.
The U-Bahn has seven lines serving the city centre and some larger suburbs. The trains that run on the line are in fact lightrails as many lines travel along a track in the middle of the street instead of underground further from the city centre. There is only one line that is completely underground.
The Straßenbahn (tram) only operates within the centre of Frankfurt and some smaller suburbs, making it a popular option for mid-day business commuting. It also provides extensive access to the district of Sachsenhausen on the southern bank of the river Main.
A number of bus lines complete the public transportation system of Frankfurt. Night buses take over the service of the U-Bahn and Straßenbahn at 1:30 am to 3:30 am on Friday and Saturday nights.
TaxisMost taxis can be found outside all S-Bahn, U-Bahn stations and major intersections. The normal way to obtain a taxi is to either call a taxi operator or go to a taxi rank. However, although not the norm, one can hail one down on the street.
BicyclesDeutsche Bahn also rent out bicycles to the public. One finds them at many major road intersections and railway stations. All one has to do is make a phone call to hire them for €0.06/min or they can be hired per day for €15,-. The bicycles are a bit heavy but they do have shock absorbers to ensure a smooth journey. The silver-red colour of the bikes with their unique frame make them easily visible and difficult to steal.
The public can now use a velotaxi which involves the operator using a tricycle with a sheltered capsule on top. There is room for two people and the operators cover all of the city centre.
Frankfurt has also a network of modern cycle routes throughout city.
RoadsThe roads and streets of Frankfurt city centre are usually congested and some areas are pedestrian-only streets. Despite these congested streets, there are numerous car parks located throughout the city. Frankfurt is also a traffic hub of the German Autobahn system. Within the direct city vicinity Frankfurt connects to the A 1, A 3, A 5, A 66, A 67, A 648, A 661 and A 45 Autobahns.
BusesFrankfurt has an extensive city bus system that augments the streetcar and U-Bahn system run by the RMV
Economy and business
As one of the leading financial centres, more than 300 national and international banks are represented in the Main metropolis. Amongst others, the European Central Bank and the German Bundesbank have their headquarters in Frankfurt. This is also where the Deutsche Börse Group is located.
According to a ranking list produced by the University of Liverpool, Frankfurt is the richest city in Europe by GDP per capita. After Frankfurt are Karlsruhe, Paris and then Munich.
With over 922 jobs per 1000 inhabitants, Frankfurt has the highest concentration of jobs in Germany. The high number of around 600,000 positions with only 650,000 inhabitants of the city itself is explained by the high number of commuters who work in the city, which raises the per capital GDP of the resident population significantly. Furthermore, it is only on work days and certain Saturdays when shops are open that Frankfurt can claim to have a million inhabitants. On other days, the statistics regarding Frankfurt's wealth are reduced, in favor of the communities and towns of the so-called Speckgürtel (literally bacon belt), such as Bad Homburg v.d. Höhe, Königstein im Taunus, Kronberg im Taunus and Bad Soden am Taunus, many of whose inhabitants work in Frankfurt. Frankfurt has the highest concentration of lawyers in Germany, with one lawyer per 99 inhabitants, and also the highest per-capita level of debt in Germany (excepting Germany's three city-states), because of a set of massive public works projects in the 1980s under CDU mayors Walter Wallmann and Wolfram Brück.
Frankfurt also occupies the fifth position on another list ranking major cities according to quality of life. Despite that, Frankfurt also had, as of 2003, the highest levels of crime per 100,000 inhabitants in Germany. However, this statistic is a result of the commuter population, for it is calculated based on the 650,000-inhabitant figure, and also includes crimes committed at the airport, such as smuggling. Frankfurt is therefore a very safe city, corrorborated by surveys among the inhabitants.
The Frankfurt Airport is the single largest place of work in Germany.
Electronic communicationFrankfurt is also an important location for the internet. Frankfurt is home to Germany's largest internet exchange point, DE-CIX, and is where domain names are registered for the top-level-domain .de.
TradeFairs have a long tradition in Frankfurt, which, with the Frankfurt Trade Fair is recognized as the premier city for medieval fairs and modern-day trade shows. Even in the Middle Ages, traders could sell their goods in Frankfurt. Frankfurt was connected with Leipzig, the other of the two most important locations for fairs in the Holy Roman Empire, by means of the Via Regia.
Alongside the Frankfurt Book Fair, Frankfurt hosts the International Automobile Exhibition, the Achema, and the Ambiente Frankfurt, the largest consumer goods trade show in the world.
FinanceDeutsche Bank is located on the Mainzer Landstraße in the vicinity of the Taunus foothills. A few avenues further into the city, one can recognize the Commerzbank's skyscrapers, the highest of which is almost 300 m (0 ft) tall.
Despite what its name would suggest, the Dresdner Bank is also headquartered in Frankfurt. Dresdner Bank now belongs to Allianz Bank in Munich. Frankfurt is also the location of the largest Dutch "direct bank", ING. Several important non-public banks are also located in Frankfurt, such as Bankhaus Metzler, Hauck and Aufhäuser, Delbrück Bethmann Maffei (which belongs to the Dutch ABN Amro) and BHF-Bank.
Among the largest non-public banks are the DZ Bank, the DekaBank, the Frankfurter Sparkasse (savings bank), and the Landesbank Hessen-Thüringen (HELABA). Most of the remaining 300 banks are small domestic businesses.
With the Frankfurt Stock Exchange and XETRA, which belong to the Deutsche Börse, Frankfurt has the second largest stock exchange in Europe, and accounts for the largest proportion of trades in Germany. In terms of market capitalization, the Deutsche Börse is the largest stock exchange in the world.
Other businessesFrankfurt is home to chemical industries, advertising, software business and call centers. Business development and other important departments of the Deutsche Bahn are located at the DB-Headquarters in Gallus. Because of Hoechst AG, Frankfurt is considered the "Apothecary of the World". Höchst's industrial park in Frankfurt is one of the three largest locations for the chemical and pharmaceutical industry in Europe. Frankfurt is also home to several large German industrial associations, such as the Chemical Industry Association; the Association for German Machine- and Equipment-building; the Electrotechnical, Electronic, and Information Technology Association e.V. with its affiliated electrotechnical standards commission; and the Association of German Automobile Producers, which is currently moving to Franfurt. The Union of German Automobile Producers meets in Frankfurt every two years to coincide with the International Automobile Exhibition, mentioned above. Furthermore, the Trade Association of German Booksellers has its headquarters in Frankfurt, and organizes the Frankfurt Book Fair. In terms of labor unions, Frankfurt is home to the headquarters of IG Metall and IG Bau, two of Germany's largest labor unions.
Businesses with regional headquarters or based in and near Frankfurt include:
Property and Real EstateFrankfurt has the highest concentration of home owners in Germany. This is partly attributed to number of financial workers in the city but also because of its cosmopolitan nature with a quarter of the city's population being foreigners. For this reason Frankfurt's property market often operates differently than the rest of the country where the prices are generally much flatter than Frankfurt. Germany property prices are pulled down national because of the former East Germany, however, economically sound cities like Frankfurt and other cities in the west of Germany have a bouyant housing market, which attracts a lot of buyers from the Far East.
Establishments and organizationFrankfurt am Main is a banking metropolis also with respect to state-owned banks. Alongside the Bundesbank (the German central bank) and the KfW Banking Group, the German office of the International Finance Corporation (part of the World Bank group) and the European Central Bank have their headquarters in Frankfurt.
Beyond that, Frankfurt is the home to the German National Library, the Hessian State Supreme Court, and the Hessian State Employment Court, and has its own police academy. The fire department, founded in 1874, and the volunteer fire department have eight firehouses. Until their dissolution at the end of 2003, Frankfurt was the location of the Federal Disciplinary Court.
Frankfurt also hosts 88 consulates. Only New York and Hamburg have more foreign representation, excluding capital cities. Russia and China have recently opened general consulates in Frankfurt. The Consulate General of the United States in Frankfurt in Eckenheim is the largest American consulate in the world.
MediaFrankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung has its editorial offices and its printing houses in the vicinity of Mainzer Highway in the Gallus neighborhood. The left-of-center Frankfurter Rundschau moved its editorial offices and printing houses to the Sachsenhausen neighborhood in July 2005. Another conservative regional newspaper, the Frankfurter Neue Presse, printed by the Frankfurt society, is next to the printing house of the Frankfurter Algemeine Zeitung. Frankfurt has a tabloid newspaper, NEWS Frankfurt from the Handelsblatt publishing company, printed on smaller tabloid-style leaf, with a modern layout. The Welt Kompakt is printed in a similar format, and appears in Frankfurt and Berlin. Frankfurt is also home to Reuters's German headquarters in the Messeturm.
Several magazines also originate from Frankfurt. The Journal Frankfurt is the best-known magazine for events, parties, and "insider tips", and has its editorial offices in the Gallus neighborhood. An "ecological magazine", Öko-Test, publishes materials for the Green Party of Germany in Bockenheim. Bockenheim is known for the quiz magazine of the same name, and is home to the editorial office of the satire magazine, Titanic.
Frankfurt's first radio station was the Südwestdeutsche Rundfunkdienst AG (Southwest German Radio Service), founded in 1924. Its successor service is the public broadcaster Hessischer Rundfunk (Hessian Broadcast). Its "Funkhaus am Dornbusch" station is one of the most important radio and television broadcasters. There is also the ARD-Stern that broadcasts from individual senders via a high-service network. Bloomberg TV and RTL have regionals studios on the Neuen Mainzer Straße, downtown. Other broadcasters in Frankfurt include Main FM and Radio X. The largest private radio station in the region FFH, is located nearby in Bad Vilbel.
Since August 1945, the American Forces Network had broadcasted from Frankfurt. Due to troop reductions, the AFN's Frankfurt location has been abandoned. Since October 2004, the AFN has broadcast its European programs from Mannheim.
Education and researchIn Frankfurt am Main, there are two universities and several specialist schools. The oldest and most well-known university in the city is the Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, with locations in Bockenheim, Westend, and Riedberg, and university hospital in Niederrad. Alongside the university is the banking academie HfB - Business School of Finance & Management, formerly known as the Hochschule für Bankwirtschaft (Institution of Higher Learning for Banking Economics), with its campus in the Ostend (Eastend) neighborhood. Since 2001, it has been a specialist institution for the teaching Economics and Management, or FOM.
Frankfurt has the State Institution of Higher Learning for Artistic Education known as the Städelschule, founded in 1817 by Johann Friedrich Städel, that was taken over by the city in 1942 and turned into a state art school. Another art school is the State Instutution for Music and Performance Art, initially as a private school known as Dr. Hoch's Konservatorium founded in 1878. The Fachhochschule Frankfurt am Main (Professional School of Frankfurt) was created out of several older organizations in 1971, and offers courses in engineering and economics. Until September 2003, Frankfurt was also home to a school for library science and administration.
The Philosophical-Theological Institution of Saint George (Philosophisch-Theologische Hochschule Sankt Georgen, a private institution with membership in the German Jesuit Association, has been located in Frankfurt's Sachsenhausen neighborhood since 1950. The city is also home to three Max-Planck-Institutes: the Max Planck Institute for European History of Law (MPIER), Max Planck Institute for Biophysics, and the Max Planck Institute for Brain Research. The Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies, sponsored by several institutional and private sources, is involved in theoretical research in physics, chemistry, neurology, and computer science.
SportFrankfurt hosts the following sports teams or clubs:
Sister citiesFrankfurt has several Sister cities
- Toronto, Canada
- Birmingham, United Kingdom, since 1966
- Budapest, Hungary, since 1990
- Kraków, Poland, since 1991
- Granada, Nicaragua, since 1991
- Guangzhou, China, since 1988
- Lyon, France, since 1960
- Milan, Italy, since 1971
- Prague, Czech Republic, since 1990
- Tel Aviv, Israel, since 1980
- Chennai, India, since 2005
- Dubai, United Arab Emirates, since 2002
- Islamabad, Pakistan
See also
- Free City of Frankfurt
- Frankfurt Trade Fair
- Frankfurt Book Fair
- Frankfurt Transit
- Frankfurt School
- List of mayors of Frankfurt
1. ^ (German) Stadt Frankfurt. "Frankfurter Statistik Aktuell". Retrieved on 2007-09-20.
2. ^ (English) World Urban Areas. Retrieved on 2007-09-20.
3. ^ (English) City Mayors. "Europe's 61 richest cities". Retrieved on 2006-09-17.
4. ^ World Cities. Retrieved on 2007-01-23.
2. ^ (English) World Urban Areas. Retrieved on 2007-09-20.
3. ^ (English) City Mayors. "Europe's 61 richest cities". Retrieved on 2006-09-17.
4. ^ World Cities. Retrieved on 2007-01-23.
- Frankfurt — City Guide, Kraichgau Verlag (ISBN 3-929228-21-1)
External links
- Official website
- Frankfurt Zoo (English)
- Yeckes, Jewish travel guide for Frankfurt
- Frankfurt Panoramas: http://www.stadtpanoramen.de/en/frankfurt/frankfurt.html, http://www.oopper.de/tn/panorama-frankfurt.htm, http://www.frankfurt360.de, http://www.panorama-frankfurt.de
- Architecture of Frankfurt
- Frankfurt before and after World War II
- Frankfurt webcam links
Urban and rural districts in the state of Hesse in Germany
|Urban districts
|Darmstadt Frankfurt Kassel Offenbach Wiesbaden
|Rural districts
|Bergstrae Darmstadt-Dieburg Fulda Gieen Gro-Gerau Hersfeld-Rotenburg Hochtaunuskreis Kassel Lahn-Dill-Kreis Limburg-Weilburg Main-Kinzig-Kreis Main-Taunus-Kreis Marburg-Biedenkopf Odenwaldkreis Offenbach Rheingau-Taunus-Kreis Schwalm-Eder-Kreis Vogelsbergkreis Waldeck-Frankenberg Werra-Meiner-Kreis Wetteraukreis
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Time zone CET/CEST (UTC+1/+2)
Country Germany
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A Regierungsbezirk is a government region of Germany, a subdivision of certain federal states (Bundesländer). Regierungsbezirke are themselves further divided into districts (Kreise), either Landkreise
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''Map of Hesse highlighting the Regierungsbezirk of Darmstadt
State| Hesse
7,444.88 km
3,780,374 (30 Sep. 2005)
Pop. density| 0 /km
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''Map of Hesse highlighting the Regierungsbezirk of Darmstadt
State| Hesse
7,444.88 km
3,780,374 (30 Sep. 2005)
Pop. density| 0 /km
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This article is part of the series:
Politics of Germany
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This article is part of the series:
Politics of Germany
- Constitution
- Federal Council (Bundesrat)
- Federal Diet (Bundestag)
- Federal Assembly
- Constitutional Court
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This is a list of urban districts in Germany. Germany is divided into 429 districts (not to be confused with the larger Regierungsbezirk); these consist of 313 rural districts (Landkreise, see List of German rural districts) and 116 urban districts (
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political party is a political organization that seeks to attain political power within a government, usually by participating in electoral campaigns. Parties often espouse a certain ideology and vision, but may also represent a coalition among disparate interests.
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The Alliance '90/The Greens (Bündnis 90/Die Grünen), the German Green party, is a political party in Germany whose regional predecessors were founded in the late 1970s as part of the new social movements.
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population is the collection of people or organisms of a particular species living in a given geographic area or mortality, and migration, though the field encompasses many dimensions of population change including the family (marriage and divorce), public health, work and the
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date in a calendar is a reference to a particular day represented within a calendar system. The calendar date allows the specific day to be identified. The number of days between two dates may be calculated.
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metropolitan area is a large population centre consisting of a large metropolis and its adjacent zone of influence, or of more than one closely adjoining neighboring central cities and their zone of influence.
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date in a calendar is a reference to a particular day represented within a calendar system. The calendar date allows the specific day to be identified. The number of days between two dates may be calculated.
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The 1st century was that century that lasted from 1 to 100 according the Gregorian calendar. It is considered part of the Classical era, epoch, or historical period
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time zone is a region of the Earth that has adopted the same standard time, usually referred to as the local time. Most adjacent time zones are exactly one hour apart, and by convention compute their local time as an offset from UTC (see also Greenwich Mean Time).
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Central European Time (CET) is one of the names of the time zone that is 1 hour ahead of Coordinated Universal Time. It is used in most European and some North African countries.
Its time offset is UTC+1. During daylight saving time CEST is used instead (UTC+2).
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Its time offset is UTC+1. During daylight saving time CEST is used instead (UTC+2).
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Central European Summer Time (CEST) is one of the names of UTC+2 time zone, 2 hours ahead of Coordinated Universal Time. It is used as a summer daylight saving time in most European and some North African countries. During the winter, Central European Time (UTC+1) is used.
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UTC+1 is used in the following locations:
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- Central European Time
- West Africa Time
- Western European Summer Time*
- British Summer Time*
- Irish Summer Time*
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UTC+2 corresponds to the following time zones:
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- Eastern European Time
- Egypt Standard Time
- Central Africa Time
- Israel Standard Time
- South Africa Standard Time
- Central European Summer Time
- West Africa Summer Time
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German car number plates (Kfz-Kennzeichen) show the place where the car carrying them is registered. Whenever a person changes their main place of residence in Germany, or buys a new car, they are required to buy new number plates.
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Postal codes in Germany, Postleitzahl (plural Postleitzahlen, abbreviated to PLZ), consist of five digits, which indicate the wider area (first two digits), and the postal district (last three digits).
The present system was introduced on 1 July 1993.
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The present system was introduced on 1 July 1993.
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Area codes in Germany (German Vorwahl) have two to five digits, not counting the leading zero. The leading zero must be dialed when calling from within Germany and must be omitted when calling from abroad.
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A website (alternatively, Web site or web site) is a collection of Web pages, images, videos or other digital assets that is hosted on one or several Web server(s), usually accessible via the Internet, cell phone or a LAN.
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geographic coordinate system enables every location on the earth to be specified by the three coordinates of a spherical coordinate system aligned with the spin axis of the Earth.
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Länder (singular Land). Since Land is the literal German word for "country", the term Bundesländer (federal states; singular Bundesland
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Flag Coat of arms
Time zone CET/CEST (UTC+1/+2)
Country Germany
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Flag Coat of arms
Time zone CET/CEST (UTC+1/+2)
Country Germany
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"Das Lied der Deutschen" (third stanza)
also called "Einigkeit und Recht und Freiheit"
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"Das Lied der Deutschen" (third stanza)
also called "Einigkeit und Recht und Freiheit"
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Frankfurt Rhine Main Area and Frankfurt Rhine-Main Region both redirect to here.
The officially designated Frankfurt Rhine Main Region, often referred to as Frankfurt Rhine Main Area or Rhine Main Area
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Origin Upper Franconia
Mouth Rhine
Basin countries Germany
Length 529 km (329 miles)
Avg. discharge ±200 m³/s (7,000 ft³/s)
Basin area 27,292 km² (10,538 mi²)
The Main
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Mouth Rhine
Basin countries Germany
Length 529 km (329 miles)
Avg. discharge ±200 m³/s (7,000 ft³/s)
Basin area 27,292 km² (10,538 mi²)
The Main
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Toyota Corolla LE ECO's Valvematic system combines power with efficiency
May 6 2014 - The 2014 Toyota Corolla LE ECO features an all-new Valvematic system that increases power by 10% and reduces fuel consumption by 5%-10%, helping drivers save up to 160 litres of gas annually.
New York 2014: Toyota launches 2015 Camry
April 16 2014 - Today at New York Auto Show, Toyota unveiled the all-new 2015 Camry featuring a wider, Lexus-inspired front grille, a more athletic silhouette, and a quieter cabin equipped with all the ...
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The Tardis scarf I knitted for Lucy. My own design. The pictures are a bit washed out. I have yet to find a way to block my knitting satisfactorily. Nothing really worked, and believe me, I tried it.
Posted 1 year ago with 21 notes and tagged happyshappey,The Tardis,Tardis Scarf,Doctor Who,Doctor Who scarf,knitting,creating,In which Moriarty speaks the truth,


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I've watched the cheesy Ninja infomercials and dreamed about a VitaMix I'll never afford.....
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Date Added: 04/20/2013 by Galina Manchenkov
KidKraft Red Retro Vintage Kitchen
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Amazing product and the price can't be beat! The video, sound, night vision, and portability sold me...
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I just received myh combo kit and found that there is more than enough room and the bag goes just ab...
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Film: "Soy Mexico!"
Date: Thursday, February 17, 2011
Time: 05:00 PM - 08:00 PM
Time: 05:00 PM - 08:00 PM
Location: Coppola Theatre, Fine Arts building
Web: http://creativearts.sfsu.edu/node/2675
Sponsor: College of Creative Arts
Contact: SF State Box Office
E-mail: email@example.com
Phone: (415) 338-2467
Taking its title from Chris Marker's eponymous imaginary film-essay "Soy Mexico," this program features a rich selection of avant-garde cinema, ethnographic films and cine-poems from post-revolutionary Mexico, including fragments from Sergei Eisenstein's legendary and unfinished "Que Viva Mexico!" and rarely seen footage from Miguel Covarrubias' ethnographic film experiments. Curated by Tarek Elhaik. Elhaik and filmmaker Jesse Lerner will be in person.
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If you have guessed what had happened to the Enquirer, you are probably right.
Over the past few months, our student editors are simply too caught up with work to handle the Enquirer, leading to an article drought.
But here's your ang bao for the Dragon Year: We are back and working hard to kick-start this enterprise again!
For this semester, we will be releasing a mixture of stories, commentaries and live updates. We cannot guarantee regular updates all the time, but follow our Facebook and Twitter and you will receive our new stories easily.
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We are welcoming a new editor on board: Grace Chew. She is currently in her second year at the Wee Kim Wee School of Communication and Information, NTU.
Other members of the editorial team — Chua Yini, Kuek Jinhua, Rachel Loi and Bhavan Jaipragas — are taking a well-deserved rest from this project. We thank them for their contributions and wish them all the best.
If you like this story, please consider making a donation to help further the Enquirer's cause.


text:
No pension? You may still owe $30,000 on one
Many economists think the US's debt, aging population and slow ecnomic growth spell disaster for pensions.
This post comes from Jack Hough at partner site SmartMoney.
Pension accounts for state and local government workers are underfunded by $4 trillion, according to one recent analysis. If America's households were to split that tab today, each would have to kick in $34,000.
Don't have that kind of cash on hand? Another option is to chip away at the shortfall over 30 years starting now. That would cost households $1,400 a year beyond what they pay in taxes today.
A pension, for those who aren't familiar with one, is like a 401k plan in reverse. With a 401k, or defined contribution plan, a worker knows how much he socks away, but not how much he will have at retirement. That part depends upon investment returns. With a pension, or defined benefit plan, a worker is told how much he will receive in retirement. It's up to the pension to put aside enough today. To do that, pensions guess about future returns. The higher the returns they assume, they less money they must save today. And therein lies the problem.
Most states assume a yearly return of around 8%, says Kil Huh, who manages fiscal research for the Pew Center on the States, a think tank. "In past decades, when investment markets boomed, they were able to achieve those returns," he says. "Now they're not even coming close."
Indeed, whether states and local governments have a funding problem under current rules depends on what markets do in coming years. Pensions have two-thirds of their money invested in risky assets like stocks, real estate and hedge fund positions. If the next 20 years could be counted on to resemble the 1980s and 1990s, when stocks returned double their historic yearly average, then states would be flush today.
But plenty of market forecasters expect just the opposite -- for America's burdensome debt, aging population and slowing economic growth to reduce stock returns to a crawl. If they're right, states and cities are vastly understating what they owe.
Future stock returns shouldn't enter into the math, says Joshua Rauh, a finance professor at Northwestern University. He and Robert Novy-Marx of the University of Rochester have proposed a new treatment for pension benefits. Post continues after video.
"You'd never say to your bank, 'I'm not going to make my credit card payments because my stock returns will take care of that,'" says Mr. Rauh. "That's what state and local pensions do."
What they should do, say the professors, is to treat pensions like debts that don't allow for default. That would call for math that uses a default-free investment rate, like the rate on U.S. Treasury bonds. Even the longest-maturity Treasury bond pays barely 3% at the moment, or less than half what pensions are assuming for their returns. "The only reason to use a higher rate is if you allow room for future defaults," says Mr. Rauh.
Pension abuses by workers might have have helped create the problem. "Nearly every fire house in the country saves the overtime pay for the guy who's about to retire," says Mr. Novy-Marx. That's because pensions often base retiree benefits on the highest year's pay workers achieve.
Some municipalities have adopted so-called anti-spiking rules to prevent such abuse. "But those only affect new workers," says Mr. Novy-Marx. "It's going to make things cheaper 40 years from now but it's not going to do anything now."
A bigger problem than pension-gaming, however, is "ignoring your bill, and that's what pensions have done," says Mr. Huh.
Not everyone agrees that there's a pension funding crisis. In June, the National Conference of Public Employee Retirement Systems, a trade group for pensions, published survey findings showing that plans were "solidly funded." Among more than 200 funds that participated in the survey, the average had achieved average returns of 8.2% a year over the past 20 years and was now assuming a 7.7% yearly return in its funding math.
Over the past five years, however, the Standard & Poor's 500-stock index, a benchmark for U.S. stocks, has returned 0.25% a year. NCPERS did not respond to requests for comment.
"At the end, what you have is a distributional problem," says Mr. Novy-Marx. State and local governments say they're $1 trillion underfunded, but the truth is closer to $4 trillion. All of the discussion should be about how to distribute that pain."
Possible recipients of that pain, he says, include taxpayers, who could pay more or get less in services; workers, including future hires and retirees, who could have benefits cut; and municipal bondholders, who could suffer defaults if local governments can't pay what they owe.
States are already working on changes. Illinois has raised its retirement age and capped the salaries used in calculating benefits. New York has proposed similar changes. California's governor proposed a shift toward a defined contribution plan. But most of the changes don't apply to current workers.
"Right now everyone is trying to foist the problem on new workers," says Mr. Novy-Marx. "That's politically painless but it has little effect on shortfalls." Retirees account for about half of pension obligations.
The "day of reckoning" won't come for 10 to 15 years, says Mr. Rauh. By then pension accounts will be low on assets and municipal bond markets will react, he says. "As we know from the European debt crisis it's hard to predict when bond investors will panic," he says. "We've known about Greece for a long time, but its bonds imploded only recently."
To prevent such a fate, pensions will have to decide soon how to distribute the pain. "Most of it is going to go to the taxpayers," says Mr. Novy-Marx, "because they're the only ones who can afford to pay."
More on SmartMoney and MSN Money:
- Gen Y's retirement: $2 million
- What NFL coaches and investors share
- Why retirement in Canada might be better
- Companies that divide don't often add to returns
- Calculator:Are you saving enough for retirement?
- The new safe havens (without the crowds)
It all boils down to....
Too many people on Fed, State, government payrolls...
The United States needs to CUT the size of government..
In many cases, it needs to do away with many departments..
Cut ALL unneeded spending that waste taxpayers money...
America cant keep borrowing money from China,
and have ANY hopes of reducing ANY debt...FYI
The interest earned in the eighties and nineties, along with the money taken from the system would have made the Employee Retirement System in Hawaii fully funded. Don't blame the pensions of retiree's in Hawaii for the shortfall. The state government has been robbing the system for years.
The fact is that governments have been underfunding pensions for years and have known they have been doing it. They've borrowed (just like the federal government), and purposely balanced state and local budgets by taking funds from pension funds. They have known the plans were underfunded, hoping the economy would get better.
You can't blame workers for the stupidity of governments. People need to sue those responsible for deliberately stealing these funds.
They will not default on their bonds they will continue to pay Wall Street, what they will do is stiff the retirees.
Prichard Alabama ran out of money in its pension fund and stopped paying their retirees. After over a year of no checks they starved the retirees into submission as they agreed to a 2/3rd reduction in what they were getting.
Central Falls Rhode Island told the retirees to either take a 50% pension cut or they would declare bankruptcy and try to end all the pensions for good. The retirees declined and the town filed for bankruptcy. There's no telling how the courts will rule, but the state of Rhode Island passed a law that mandates bondholders get paid before anyone else including pensioners.
Jefferson County Alabama and Harrisburg, the capital of Pennsylvania, recently filed for bankruptcy.
The day of fiscal reckoning has arrived and we can no longer avoid it. The early results show that retirees and union employees are bearing the brunt of the pain.
Re: the post of givemeabreak69
"Granted it appears we have a lot of time off, I work 10 days a month as a firefighter. But my work day in hours is equal to 3 of the normal persons work day. I work 240 hours a month. The average person who works 8 hrs a day 5 days a week in an average month only works 184 hrs a month."
Give me a break! You "work" 10 days a month or 24 hours a day. Using your words, "Really"? When do you sleep in each of these 24 hour days. Again, using your comparison of working 240 hours a month to an average worker's 184, that's 23 days for the average worker. No one is paying me to sleep. That's done on my own time. I also have travel time to and from work 23 times a month as compared to your 10. As to the other 160 hours of monthly "work", as a firefighter, you go to the gym, watch TV, go to the store to buy your food, probably run other errands "while you're at the store", etc. use your down time to do all the things I have to do on my own time, time for which I'm not getting paid and using my own vehicle which requires $3.60 per gallon gas, insurance, registration, etc. You guys engage in "boot drives" for MD - what - while you're on the clock. And you are hailed as giving back to the community. Hogwash. With 20-21 days a month off, you easily could participate on your days off but, hey, if you're not getting paid, your community spirit evaporates.
Plus, especially where I live, many of the firefighters don't even live in the municipalities where they are employed so they don't contribute back in the form of property taxes, etc. I've spent over 20 years at the same job, but can't retire with a guaranteed liveable amount of money. No, I had to personally save for my retirement- 401-K and IRA- and who knows what that will be worth and how much monthly income that will generate when I finally can work no more.
Working 2 jobs because you have to? Again, please. Working 10 days a month gives you about 3 weeks off. You work other jobs and start businesses because you can, you want the money, and you have the free time - plus, many of the businesses you start have to do with services or contracts with the city or county because you have an inside. What about education? Did you have to pay for your training like a doctor, lawyer, scientist, hey, even a teacher, etc.? Do you have debt because of education costs? Do you have to pay for your "work clothes" like I do? No, it's paid for by your employer - me, the taxpayer. I could go on and on but what's the point. You feel entitled.
Personally, I respect what you do when you work. I think you should be fairly compensated, but not to the point of making several times more than I do with cadillac benefits and with a miniscule to non-existent chance of getting fired for anything. However, when you start whining about how overworked you are, how bad the pay and benefits are and how you are so taken advantage of, I am offended. My employer says "If you don't like it, there's the door." You, on the other hand, strike and scare people with images of catastrophe. Unconscionable and immoral. If your job is so bad, why is the line to get one so long? Of, course you could always quit (before your guaranteed lucrative retirement off the backs of the taxpayers starts), let someone who would appreciate the job have it and join the rest of us in the real world.
Turning the clock back say the mid to late 1970's. All and prior to 1970's We still had a middle man and an average wage earner could afford to buy a home and raise a family. I blame the first oil embargo of that era for not long after housing start it's first incline and into the 1980's and there has been no looking back. You mess with fossil fuels you pay the price. Since everything to the last nut and bolt has been on a continuous rise. The middle man as become instinct. We have priced an average wage earner form a home. We have developed a monster in our society and no one what's to take it by the horns. We vote the so called best into our Government. They tell is to tighten our belt that we are living beyond our means. Heck look at the mess they got us into. How do they expect an average Joe to do it when they can't control and run is into an horrendous debt. Housing is to high, many wages instead of a middle of the road are out of this world. What our parents and theirs took a life time to build. In just a few decades we have taken it down. The future generations scary.
To prevent such a fate, pensions will have to decide soon how to distribute the pain. "Most of it is going to go to the taxpayers," says Mr. Novy-Marx, "because they're the only ones who can afford to pay."
Yeah. Right. What kool-aid is this guy drinking. Why should taxpayers shoulder this debacle? Oh, yeah. We're rich. We can afford it. One day, these clowns will go to the well and t will be dry. That day is fast approaching.
These accounts were non different than whole life insurance policies/annuities that people pay into for decades with an expected return for their senior years. So do people consider annuities to be "entitlements"? Of course not. Because they are not. Just the same way social security and pensions are not.
The major banks and corporations of the world OWN our politicians. They own the media. They own the base little trolls that post online trying to get the 99% of us to blames each other. Look upwards to see where the problem originated, not the retired fireman down the street that placed his life on the line every day that he worked in order to save yours-
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