text:
The Unexpected Long-Run Impact of the Minimum Wage: An Educational Cascade
AbstractNeglected, but significant, the long-run consequence of the minimum wage – which was made national policy in the United States in 1938 – is its stimulation of capital deepening. This took two forms. First, the engineered shortage of low-skill, low-paying jobs induced teenagers to invest in additional human capital – primarily by extending their schooling – in an attempt to raise their productivity to the level required to gain employment. Second, employers faced with an inability to legally hire low-wage workers, rearranged their production processes to substitute capital for low-skill labor and to innovate new technologies. This paper explores the impact of the minimum wage on enrollments between 1950 and 2003. I describe an upward ratcheting mechanism which triggers an "educational cascade." My estimate is that the average number of years of high school enrollment would have risen to only 3.5 years, rather than 3.7 years, for men born in 1951. Thereafter, enrollment rates would have trended down to about 3.2 years for the cohort born in 1986, rather than slowly rising to around 3.9 years. The cumulative effect of the minimum wage increases beginning in 1950 was to add 0.7 years to the average high school experience of men born in 1986.
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Bibliographic InfoPaper provided by National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc in its series NBER Working Papers with number 16355.
Date of creation: Sep 2010
Date of revision:
Handle: RePEc:nbr:nberwo:16355
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Related researchKeywords:
Find related papers by JEL classification:
- I28 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Education - - - Government Policy
- J24 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Human Capital; Skills; Occupational Choice; Labor Productivity
- J3 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs
- J31 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs - - - Wage Level and Structure; Wage Differentials
- J48 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Particular Labor Markets - - - Particular Labor Markets; Public Policy
- J8 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Labor Standards
- N32 - Economic History - - Labor and Consumers, Demography, Education, Health, Welfare, Income, Wealth, Religion, and Philanthropy - - - U.S.; Canada: 1913-
- N42 - Economic History - - Government, War, Law, International Relations, and Regulation - - - U.S.; Canada: 1913-
ReferencesReferences listed on IDEAS
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- James J. Heckman & John Eric Humphries & Paul A. LaFontaine & Pedro L. Rodriguez, 2008.
"Taking the Easy Way Out: How the GED Testing Program Induces Students to Drop Out,"
NBER Working Papers
14044, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
- James J. Heckman & John Eric Humphries & Paul A. LaFontaine & Pedro L. Rodr�guez, 2012. "Taking the Easy Way Out: How the GED Testing Program Induces Students to Drop Out," Journal of Labor Economics, University of Chicago Press, University of Chicago Press, vol. 30(3), pages 495 - 520.
- Heckman, James J. & Humphries, John Eric & LaFontaine, Paul A. & Rodríguez, Pedro L., 2008. "Taking the Easy Way Out: How the GED Testing Program Induces Students to Drop Out," IZA Discussion Papers 3495, Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA).
- James J. Heckman & Paul A. LaFontaine & Pedro L. Rodriguez, 2008. "Taking the Easy Way Out: How the GED Testing Program Induces Students to Drop Out," Working Papers, Geary Institute, University College Dublin 200829, Geary Institute, University College Dublin.
- Brown, Charles & Gilroy, Curtis & Kohen, Andrew, 1982. "The Effect of the Minimum Wage on Employment and Unemployment," Journal of Economic Literature, American Economic Association, vol. 20(2), pages 487-528, June.
- Frank Levy & Peter Temin, 2007. "Inequality and Institutions in 20th Century America," NBER Working Papers 13106, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
- Joshua L. Rosenbloom & William A. Sundstrom, 2009. "Labor-Market Regimes in U.S. Economic History," NBER Working Papers 15055, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
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Cited by:
- Zsófia L. Bárány, 2011.
"The Minimum Wage and Inequality - The Effects of Education and Technology,"
CEP Discussion Papers
dp1076, Centre for Economic Performance, LSE.
- Zsofia Barany, 2011. "The minimum wage and inequality - the effects of education and technology," Sciences Po publications info:hdl:2441/eu4vqp9ompq, Sciences Po.
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Tucson is the second largest city in the state of Arizona and is situated in the biologically diverse Sonoran Desert in Pima County. There is a wealth of places to see and activities to get involved in while staying in a Tucson self-catering vacation rental from music venues and film studios to ski resorts and mountain parks.
Staying at a vacation rental in and around Tucson there are a large number of attractions that will enthral all ages like the Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum which is part Zoo, part botanical garden and part natural history museum; this is a wonderful way to discover the wildlife of the desert area from hummingbirds to black bears. For a closer look at the desert visit Sabina Canyon on the south side of the Santa Catalina Mounts on Tucson's northern fringe. From there as well as the canyon you can reach the Seven Falls Trail and Bear Canyon. For forest with a difference there's Saguaro National Park which has the densest forest of cactus of the American West.
There's a huge number of wild life and nature attractions around Tucson self-catering vacation rentals but there is also a number of cultural places to see like the Old Tucson Studios where a myriad of iconic westerns were shot; still an active film studio it also has a theme park with western style shoot-outs, saloons, educational shows and restaurants. Art lovers should visit the Mission San Xavier del Bac where the elaborate murals dating back to 1797 have been beautifully restored and cleaned by professional art conservationists and members of the community. For culture of a different kind you should visit Pima Air and Space museum which has more than 250 historic aircraft on display and over 4200 in storage which can also be viewed on a special tour.
Tucson vacation accommodation is within driving distance of a number of interesting places but most notably it is just 60 miles from the Mexican border and just a few miles on from there to the beautiful beaches on the Gulf of California or Tijuana on the Pacific Ocean.
During your stay in a vacation rental in Tucson you can expect to enjoy a desert climate which means hot summers and temperate winters. As well as summer and winter there are three other minor seasons; autumn, spring and monsoon.
If you are heading for self-catering vacation rentals in Tucson from the UK then it is possible to fly direct to Tucson International Airport (TUS) from London Heathrow by American Airways and several other airlines.

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Book your room at La Quinta Inn Georgetown
Standard Room, 2 Double BedsMax Occupancy: 4 guests (up to 3 children, 3 infants)
Standard Room, 1 King BedMax Occupancy: 3 guests (up to 2 children, 1 infant)
Georgetown motel with an outdoor pool
Situated in Georgetown, this motel is close to Southwestern University. Area attractions also include Inner Space Cavern and Teravista Golf Club.
Property Features
Recreational amenities at La Quinta Inn Georgetown include an outdoor pool and a spa tub. Other amenities include complimentary wireless Internet access and complimentary high-speed (wired) Internet access.
Room Amenities
LCD televisions come with satellite channels. Guestrooms also feature complimentary wireless Internet access, complimentary high-speed (wired) Internet access, and sofa beds.Information missing or incorrect? Tell us!
La Quinta Inn Georgetown
At your hotel
La Quinta Inn Georgetown features an outdoor pool and a spa tub. Public areas are equipped with complimentary high-speed wired and wireless Internet access. A business center is on site. A complimentary breakfast is offered. Event facilities measure 1800 square feet (162 square meters). This Georgetown motel also offers coffee/tea in the lobby, concierge services, and dry cleaning/laundry services. Onsite self parking is complimentary.
- Conference space size (feet) - 1800
- Conference space size (meters) - 162
- Number of meeting rooms - 2
- Number of buildings/towers - 1
- Outdoor pool
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- Total number of rooms - 101
- Safe-deposit box at front desk
- Number of floors - 3
- Elevator/lift
- Coffee/tea in lobby
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- Free self parking
- Spa tub
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Stay connected
Available in all rooms: Free Wi-Fi , Free wired high-speed Internet
Available in some public areas: Free Wi-Fi , Free wired high-speed Internet
Park your car
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- Air conditioning
- Free local calls
- Coffee/tea maker
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- Iron/ironing board
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Eat and drink
Guests are offered a complimentary continental breakfast.
An outdoor pool and a spa tub are on site.
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- Hiking/biking trails nearby
To make requests for specific accessibility needs, complete the "Special or Accessibility Requests" section of "Trip Preferences" when you book your hotel.
- Accessible bathroom
- Accessible parking
The fine print for La Quinta Inn Georgetown
When you arrive
Check-in time starts at 3 PM
When you leave
Check-out time is noon
How you can pay
Accepted at this hotel: American Express, Carte Blanche, Diners Club, Discover, MasterCard, Visa, JCB International
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Pets allowed
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Extra-person charges may apply and vary depending on hotel policy.
Government-issued photo identification and a credit card are required at check-in for incidental charges.
Special requests are subject to availability upon check-in and may incur additional charges. Special requests cannot be guaranteed.


text:
Real Men, Real Faith: U.S. Senate Majority Leader Bill Frist
- Tuesday, August 17, 2004
Medical scientists can describe it, but I can tell you they can't explain it. Physicians can define it, but they can't understand it. Only God knows.
Now, let me shift gears and leap to another day. Imagine flying into the heart of Africa in a single-engine plane, loaded to gross weight with medical supplies, 400 feet above the treetops on the way to a small makeshift hospital in a war-torn Sudan.
We're flying low to avoid being sighted by aircraft that indiscriminately and regularly bomb the villages below. We're on a medical mission trip with Dr. Dick Furman, founder of World Medical Mission, and my colleagues from Samaritan's Purse, and international Christian relief organization run by my good friend Franklin Graham.
We land the plane on a dirt strip, drive five bumpy miles along a path past a boarded-up, deserted clinic that has been deserted 12 years prior because of landmines from a prior civil war. We finally arrive at the dilapidated two-room schoolhouse that was converted months earlier into a health clinic.
Prov. 16:9 tells us "In his heart a man plans his course, but the LORD determines his steps."
Indeed, I came to Washington as a public servant in the U.S. Senate, but after arriving, my steps for some inexplicable reason had taken me far from the floor of the Senate on medical mission trips to Africa – to the Congo, Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania, and the Sudan. Six weeks prior to our arrival, Samaritan's Purse courageously opened a small medical clinic in southern Sudan where more than two million people have died and more than four million have been displaced by the war. There is still indiscriminate bombing by an aircraft from the north in the region.
We perform surgery where there has been no medical care available for more than a decade. The conditions are very primitive, and there are few surgical instruments. No electricity. No running water. Ether is the only anesthesia. Patients walk or are carried for days when they hear that we are there, for we are the only source of care for hundreds of miles. The civil war has driven off all health care throughout the entire southern Sudan.
The image of that visit I will forever carry with me is of a small, one-room shed next to a schoolhouse that we used as our clinic. The little building was used as a recovery room for the sick and injured. But God's power was at work there.
It was late, and we were just finishing the last operation of a long, tiring day – so long that we completed our last operations under hand-held flashlights. We were scheduled to leave the next day, and I wearily looked forward to returning home. A message came that a patient – a man from the Dinka tribe whom I had never met – wanted to see me, "the American doctor." I just wanted to go to bed, but I went.
Dusk had settled in. I brushed aside the curtain that served as a door. It was pitch-black dark inside. As I approached the voice coming from the corner, I saw the vague silhouette of a man lying in bed. I could see little except the bulky white dressings covering the obvious stump of his left let and injured right hand. And then I saw his huge smile. It was a smile that pierced the darkness of the room.
Pulling my eyes from that luminous face, I noticed the Bible beside his bed and then the interpreter sitting at his bedside. I asked the patient why he wanted to see "the American doctor." He explained to me that two years ago his wife and two children had been murdered in the civil war. I nodded sympathetically. But that captivating smile seemed to grow even bigger. It was a smile of caring – a smile of love.
His smile seemed to fill the room. How could he smile after losing those he loved most?
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The Rank of Demand Systems: Theory and Nonparametric Estimation
AbstractW. M. Gorman's (1981) concept of Engel curve "rank" is extended to apply to any demand system. Rank is shown to have implications for specification, separability, and aggregation of demands. A simple nonparametric test of rank using Engel curve data is described and applied to U.S. and U.K. consumer survey data. The test employs a new general method for testing the rank of estimated matrices. The results are used to assess theoretical and empirical aggregation error in representative consumer models, and to explain a representative consumer paradox. Copyright 1991 by The Econometric Society.
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Bibliographic InfoArticle provided by Econometric Society in its journal Econometrica.
Volume (Year): 59 (1991)
Issue (Month): 3 (May)
Pages: 711-30
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This stylish black chopping and serving board form Sabatier has a stainless steel rim. It is gentle on knives and has a reversible cutting surface.
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October 16, 2004
Albany- The homecoming game may have been hours away when the Albany State Marching Rams paraded down Pine Avenue Saturday morning, but they were still able to get the crowd pumped.
"Can't wait to go to the game and beat Clark. We're gonna whip Clark today," says alumni Shirley Holt.
This year alumni are proud to say they will be playing on their very own home turf.
"It's exciting. It's real exciting. It gives us a feeling of belonging, something we have of our own," says Betty Thornton, class of 1969.
"The new stadium is simply wonderful. It makes us feel good because at one time when were in school we didn't have a stadium. We played at the memorial stadium. So it's gives you a sense of pride," adds Josie Malone Johnson, class of 1957.
Even those who aren't alumni say the new Albany Municipal Coliseum is something they've been waiting on for a long time.
"It exciting for all of us. It's different. Something that we're not used to so we'll enjoy it," says Petessa White.
Win or lose, ASU fans say the stadium will definitely make the homecoming game memorable.
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The Jamaican bobsled team was able to raise over $120,000 for the Winter Olympics through an online crowdfunding campaign. The money, most of which was donated by complete strangers, has been used to cover equipment and travel costs. Unfortunately, the equipment is of no use if it isn't in Russia with the team.
Two-man bobsled team pilot Winston Watts told USA Today on Wednesday that the team's equipment, including runners, shoes and other gear, has not yet made it to Sochi.
"We didn't have nothing — no equipment at all," Watts explained. "There's nothing I can do right now. I'm just going to leave it to the chef de mission to deal with it. I just want to concentrate on the track."
Watts had hoped to get a couple of unofficial practice runs in on Wednesday so the team can familiarize itself with the track. He said he is hoping the equipment will arrive Thursday at the latest. In the meantime, Watts said other nations have offered to lend a hand.
"We have a lot guys who's going to help us," he said, noting that the team may borrow runners and other equipment. "They want to help us.
"We're the most lovingest people in the world. Every moment is positive. We always keep the guys smiling. That's our motto."
Judging by some of the disturbing images we have already seen from Sochi, lost luggage is just one of a number of issues Olympic athletes have been dealing with.


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Brookfield Asset Management [Hard Rock Las Vegas owner], buys the casino resort at a fraction of the $2.4 billion it cost to build and plans to reopen the sweeping blue-glass tower at the north end of the city's boardwalk.
The relationship between hotels and a growing peer-to-peer rental market has been wrought with confusion, fear and distrust - now BeMate collaborates with hotels and gives guests access to the hotel's amenities.
Mileage programs are designed to be psychologically attractive, even addictive, to customers. But as their benefits have decreased, so too has passenger loyalty.
When a convention center transitions to a new management organization - lives and livelihoods hang in the balance. And not everyone is receptive to a new leadership culture. Here's how four convention centers have recently handled the process.
Here are eight top tips for combating pirates, poachers, or interceptors or any company that has not been invited by you as the organizer to assist with your event.
Master the art of saying no - learn how to wiggle out of networking, email, and even--gasp!--charitable work.
Quantified-self wearables seem aimed at optimizing productivity, but do they offer more distraction than benefit?
While the Meadowlands' plan for the Sports Complex made news with its proposal for up to four casinos, leaders say the real driver of the plan is a 1-million-square-foot convention center.
The quantifiers were - uniqueness of traditional food/drink style, quality of restaurants/bars, diversity of cuisines, and also, for the most part, a feeling that it is changing and improving.
The developer will break ground today on the site of a four-star hotel and convention center on the South end of Lake Washington in Renton.
For the overworked modern American employee, the policies and perks offered by some of the most generous companies sound like manna from the corporate gods.
In our ever more connected lives the old barriers between work and personal life are increasingly fuzzy.
Use these three tips to better your chances for a free hotel room upgrade.
Similar to the approach that Red Bull and GoPro take with action sports, Marriott wants to own the travel entertainment space - and, in turn, gain the recognition as a trusted source for all travel needs.
Citing progress with the NFL, AEG asked city officials Monday for an additional six months to land a franchise and get underway building 'Farmers Field' stadium while making improvements to the aging LA Convention Center. See rendering.
Ease of access, airlift, hotel accommodations, venue size and food and beverage costs are all factors in Phoenix's affordability reputation.
When it comes to hiring talent, there are two strategies - hire the very best talent on the market or hire decent talent and bring out the best in them. Most of us can only afford option 2.
A new initiative put forth by American Airlines and Hilton Hotels this week aims to reward some top tier members in their respective partner programs.
You break it, you pay for it. Unless you're traveling. If they break it, you pay for it, too.
Business Travel News' Corporate Travel 100 companies in 2013 generally increased their air volume from 2012, but a solid minority cut that figure, some substantially. Find out whose traveling and whose not.
Take a cue from events that put their charity's core beneficiaries center stage, where donors can see the impact of their giving.
Hotels could get extremely aggressive about their rates and move rooms - because it's never going to be predictable to consumers which hotel is going to be on display on any one night.
Few hotels around the planet have earned the prestigious (if not farcical) seven star rating for luxury, but New York City is about to get one.
There are plenty of resorts where the most exertion you'll have to commit to is the effort of raising a glass of rum punch to your lips, or a forkful of conch fritters to your mouth.
The harsh reality is, despite our efforts to track how we're progressing to make work more engaging, we have not found a way to materially move the needle. We made need to rethink our strategy...
Ever since the days of scantily clad stewardesses and cigar-smoking passengers gave way to 'flight attendants' and smoke detectors in the toilets, flying has gotten progressively less posh.
Marriott's new campaign may open the door to the next wave of hotel fees: Mandatory gratuities for service
First impressions have gone digital. People are learning about you online before they ever shake your hand. Learn how to evaluate your summary by asking yourself these questions.
Pack these 5 items to stay healthy and safe while you travel.
Traditionally home to the New York's fashion industry, the area offers a growing number of lodging options within walking distance to Broadway theaters.
What happens when fans at a rock concert are treated like customers
Start-up airline PeoplExpress is suspending flights because of problems including a shortage of crews and only one plane, but it hopes to resume flying next month.
Congratulations to the 229 individuals that passed the third quarter CMP examination. The full list of new CMPs can be found here.
A host of new websites/apps cater to a variety of traveler needs -- whether it's saving on room rates, credit with loyalty programs or adding on luxury services to a reservation. These tools can be beneficial, but only if you know which ones to use and when.
There are signs that Southwest's heart has strayed. It may be time for its executives to have, well, a heart-to-heart.
Watch this short T+L video with easy tips to make sure you arrive wrinkle free.
Donald Trump is scoping out the airport hotel scene - the real estate mogul and reality TV star was recently spotted checking out the iconic TWA terminal as a potential site for a new hotel.
Presenters do this in an effort to erase the sense of distance between the audience and the podium - but it is likely to have the opposite effect.
According to recent research, it's common for workers to ask their employers to make changes to accommodate their individual needs. With a little negotiation, you could design the job you want.
Whether it's overlooking a beach, set in the middle of a desert, across the water from a lit-up metropolis, or tucked away on a remote and picturesque hillside somewhere, there's nothing quite like a hotel with amazing views.
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text:
On the Crosslake Winterfest cover
On the cover
Rod Nelson, dressed as Paul Bunyan, served soup for Soup Fest at the Army Corps of Engineers, also site of the Paul Bunyan museum. The Corps currently holds the coveted Golden Ladle award for its soup and will compete for the award again this year.
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Discover Author
Pam Conrad wrote many award-winning books for children, including the immensely popular The Tub People and The Tub Grandfather, both illustrated by Richard Egielski. She is also the author of a number of critically acclaimed novels, including Prairie Songs, a 1986 ALA Best Children's Book of the Year and a 1985 ALA Golden Kite Honor Book, and Stonewords, winner of the 1991 Edgar Allan Poe Award for Best Juvenile Mystery.
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Volunteer a Day, Get Free Entry to a Disney Park!
Looking for a cheaper way to go to the most magical place on earth?
Recession Mama Michele Ashamalla: I know some of you are aware of Disney's latest promotion, but I thought I would give you some more information, since it is starting soon. According to their website: "Our program officially begins on January 1, 2010. When it's live, you'll be able to visit DisneyParks.com and search for an eligible volunteer project. After completing the volunteer work, an e-mail will be sent from Disney with a link to print out a voucher to redeem at a theme park for a free one-day, one-park admission. And if you're unable to use the ticket, it can be donated to a charity designated by Disney."
What a fantastic opportunity! The ticket donation to charity is a nice touch, too. It's great that the whole family can get involved (but volunteers must be at least six years old). You need to preregister at DisneyParks.com before volunteering, and they are capping the number of free entries.
It appears that the cap is a million, though, so you won't need to sign up for your project on New Year's Day! It is unclear whether they will have projects available in all areas, but they say they are partnering with the HandsOn Network to facilitate volunteer matches.
Ticket prices to theme parks are insane, so I know I'll be going online early in the New Year to see what's available near me. Good luck!
A former state deputy attorney general and current stay-at-home mom, Recession Mama Michele Ashamalla has three kids and ten years of experience stretching one salary to cover the necessities and more. She's all about saving money whenever you can, so you have it to spend on whatever you want!
Thanks for this post. I've dug up some more on the subject here:
I'm going on my very first trip to Disney World Jan 13 - here's to hoping we can manage to volunteer in the next two weeks and get free tickets!
Miraculous! I'd been just writing an article on the same issue last night. Then this early morning, I came across your post which is much more desirable of information than I wrote.


text:
Chapters4 items
Growing Up in Care
At the age of 9 Jenny Molloy walked into a police station and asked to be taken into care
Katy B
The singer performs live and talks about her career, fame and her musical dad
WW1: Nursing on the Front Line
The experiences of the women who served in the Great War
Why Men Really Cheat
Author Martyn Stewart identifies the 27 different types of men who are unfaithful
Growing Up in Care
In 1983, at the age of nine Jenny Molloy walked into Stoke Newington Police Station with her two younger brothers and asked to be taken into care. Referring to herself as a 'care leaver in recovery' Jenny, now a grandmother, joins Jane Garvey to talk about growing up in children's homes with regular visits to her alcoholic parents and the impact on her adult life. Independent social worker, Joanna Nicolas, joins them to explore the importance, or not, to keep links with their birth family if children are fostered.
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New User
From zero to crazy cat lady in 13 short weeks.
May 12, 2009
3 cats, one small apartment. I'm looking for as much advice, strategies and product recommendations that I can get. The goal is happy healthy kitties, with my sanity intact.
Long story short (background
if you're really bored) -- I fostered an abandoned pregnant mommy kitty. 13 weeks later, after considerable doses of both heartbreak and happiness, mommy cat and her surviving kittens are doing well. One's been adopted out to a great home, and the two remaining kittens are still with me. One is the runt who has already had her share of problems, but right now is doing well. The other is pretty much a clone of her mommy. I've made the decision to keep all three -- now the trick is making this work.
(Yes, I realize I'm now the crazy cat lady. Somewhere, somehow, I've made all the rookie fostering mistakes, have gotten too attached to my babies, and can't give them up. 3 cats is a lot, especially given the small space -- I will concede that. But I can't choose just one or two -- they all have awesome yet unique personalities, they get along great, they make me happy, and this fostering experience has made me realize that I can provide them a good home. I feel good about saving these otherwise abandoned cats. Plus, all three are all black, so at least they only shed one color.)
So, with all that out of the way -- what do I need to know?
Any suggestions on handling the multi cat litter box situation? So far they're all sharing well, but who knows how long that will last. I barely have a good place for one litter box, so multiple boxes are going to be a challenge. Recommendations for a good covered litter box? I've read those fancy auto-cleaning boxes don't work in multi-cat households, because they tend to freak out / interupt the cat second in line at the loo. Anyone have experience with that?
How can I best keep my apartment from smelling like "cat"? I'm not talking cat urine, specifically -- i just want to keep the place from smelling like a vet's office. Difficulty: kitten proof solutions. Right now everything is a potential toy.
Do cat trees really work? With limited horizontal space, I know I need to go vertical, and have been looking at those giant 6 feet+ cat trees. But I don't want to spend all that money on ugly furniture if it's not going to be used.
Any other random bits of information you wish you'd known earlier?
Thanks in advance!
posted by
Pets & Animals
(28 answers total)
9 users marked this as a favorite
Constant scooping and brushing are critical to your goal.
posted by
on May 12, 2009
My beloved great aunt is a crazy cat lady. She has worked in animal shelters for years and firmly believes there is a limit on how many cats you can have without the place stinking like urine. She has six cats in a medium/small Chicago apartment. If she can do it, you can!
posted by
Juliet Banana
on May 12, 2009
If there is room, have two litter boxes. And yes, scoop at least once a day for your own sanity.
Talk to your vet about food recommendations, but it's my understanding that "indoor" cat food keeps their waste from being quite so smelly. I'm also glad I stopped cheaping out on food and litter costs. Buy the best thing that works for your cats, even if it's a few more dollars out of your pocket.
Have a financial plan for unexpected vet costs.
Cat trees are a crapshoot, but this might work in your favor. They can be expensive so I suggest checking out craigslist (or a good equivalent for your area) to buy one from a cat owner whose kitty didn't take to it. I've never bought a new one - it's always been hand-me-downs and good street-finds for my cat. Get the tallest one you can fit/stand. In my experience, cats are going to want to stretch way, way up to get the most out of it.
Are they indoor, outdoor, or both? If they are indoor, don't ever let them outside unless you want them to become indoor/outdoor cats. You have to be consistent because sometimes, with some cats, once they get out, they won't be content staying in.
Set aside time to play, especially with the kittens. It wears them out so they sleep at night and might teach them which toys are appropriate to play with (if you're really, really lucky).
A gentle spritz with a water mister is a good deterrent for lots of cats for are scratching or playing with something they shouldn't.
If they get along already, then I think you're set personality-wise. Congratulations!
posted by
on May 12, 2009 [
1 favorite
Clumping, multi-cat litter that is cleaned twice a day is going to be the key to keeping down the smell. I've had three cats for about ten years & have always kept two litter boxes. They figured out they should use one for #1 & the other for #2 years ago on their own. Get into the habit of cleaning the box when you feed them (or at least twice a day if you only feed once) & all should be good in kittytown.
posted by
on May 12, 2009
Yes, cat trees are awesome...... never met a cat that didn't at least sleep in/on it, if not played on it... You can sort of test if your cats will probably use a kitty tree by stacking a few open boxes on their sides and placing some carpeting in them before you put out the dough....
And yes, scoop EVERY day, if not more often.... the auto-cleaning boxed aren't really worth the money, IMO... just scoop a lot and change as needed (I change mine on garbage night with three cats and it seems to be just right, time-wise, YBMV)... Yes, get a covered box.... biggest one you can afford.......
Brushing them often will help with the shedding...
Obviously, get them fixed when the time comes.....
White Vinegar works great for removing kitty puke/hairball/pee smell.... Mix it in a spray bottle about 1:1)
Catnip and toys, of course, are required........
Good Luck! (I have three of my own in a small apartment)
posted by
on May 12, 2009
We have three cats and two litter boxes, one upstairs and one downstairs. I've read that you should have one box per cat per level of your house, which is insane - I think you can get by just fine with one box if they're all using it and you clean it regularly. I also recommend putting something under/around the box (I have a rubber-backed throw rug) that you can clean seperately in case of accidents, and also to catch the litter they're going to track out of the box with them.
Vacuum all the time. Not just the carpet, do the furniture and anyplace else they like to sit. If you don't have carpet, you're a step ahead, because it totally absorbs smells. If there's someplace they like to sit that's hard to keep clean, you can just keep a blanket or something over it that you can periodically wash.
Keep your cats groomed. Not that you have to take them to a groomer, but if they're sitting on your lap give them a few passes with a brush. This will reduce the shedding they do. (If they're especially sheddy, check out The Furminator or a similar brush - truly one of the best investments I've made for my cats, you can almost see them get thinner after using it.)
I always thought that if you had one of those giant cat trees, it meant the cats had truly taken over the home, but we just got one a few months ago and the kitties
it. The active kitten (well, he's 3 now) especially enjoys climbing and perching up high (he liked climbing on things he shouldn't have been on, which is why I got it in the first place), but the bigger, older cats have also surprised me by turning up 5 feet in the air from time to time. Check out eBay if you feel like getting one, because I ended up paying less than $1 for a brand new one (plus shipping - still less than retail).
On preview: Seconding disciplining via squirt bottle (my bottle doesn't even spray anymore, but just picking it up is enough to get the cat to stop whatever he's doing). Also, I think just about every cat I know loves playing with a laser pointer. The best part is you can just sit in one place and flick your wrist while the cats chase the red dot along the length of your house.
posted by
on May 12, 2009
Recommendations for a good covered litter box?
Omega Paw roll-away litter box
is amazingly easy to clean. I can't recommend it highly enough when paired with a good clumping litter. It's around
30 bucks
most places, and worth every penny.
How can I best keep my apartment from smelling like "cat"?
Clean frequently and promote air circulation with open windows (get screens!) whenever possible. And for litter-related smell emergencies, find an air freshener or incense that you don't hate. Some people swear by Febreze, though I'm not a huge fan.
Do cat trees really work?
It completely 100% depends on the cats. Some cats love them, others are indifferent. If yours seem to be the type that enjoy climbing up on things, then they might like them. If you're handy (or no someone who is) you could make your own, using non-ugly carpet samples to make the tree as non-ugly as possible.
posted by
on May 12, 2009 [
1 favorite
Get some catnip (either the green stuff or the spray) and rub it all over the cat tree when you get it - they should definitely take to it then. They'll also probably need a variety of toys to keep them occupied - if they get sick of one put it away for a while and bring it back out a few months later. They'll probably love a cat tunnel/hide type thing that they can get into and then spring out of when another cat/person walks by. These are fairly large items but most can be folded away when not in use.
posted by
on May 12, 2009
Litterbox suggestions - I used a Booda Dome for many years with good results. I recently switched to the TidyCats Breeze system and like it a lot for my 2 cats, and they like it, too, but it's not covered.
"Cat" Smell - Is your apartment carpeted? I recommend vacuuming with baking soda. Keep the litterboxes impeccable, vacuum up stray food bits, keep the cats brushed, and have air fresheners in your house. Sprinkle the cat litter with baking soda after you scoop the clumps, too.
Cat Trees - Our cat tree is used, but not nearly so much as every other surface. You'll have the best luck if you get some liquid catnip (at the pet store) and spritz it. You might want to hold off and try some other alternatives, like an extended windowsill for them to perch on.
Other things I wish I had known earlier....
- Make sure you feed them wet food! I didn't learn until it was too late that wet food is far better for cats than dry. When he was 2, one of my cats developed crystals in his urine that caused a urinary tract blockage. I can't get him to eat wet food now (he would rather starve) and so he's on a prescription dry food for the rest of his life.
- Baby-proofing supplies are really good for kitty-proofing. We used cabinet-locks (one of my cats opened the cabinets and would hide amongst the clean dishes), and the things that wrangle the cords from our miniblinds to prevent kitty-strangulation.
- Plastic food & water dishes can cause feline cat acne on their chins...ceramic & stainless steel are better.
- Give your cats bottled or filtered water to prevent urinary problems.
- Put collars with tags on your cats ... even if they are indoors-only. My sister's indoor only cat escaped via a broken screen in a window and was missing for a few days ... it's a lot easier on your mind if you keep them tagged in case they do escape and are brought to a vet or shelter. Plus the tags will jingle so this will prevent ninja cat attacks.
posted by
on May 12, 2009
I lived in a 300 sq/ft studio with two cats and a dog. No I am not nuts. You need to keep the litter box very clean. Cats usually have no problem sharing a clean litter box. If you can, keep the box iin the bathroom, so you can scoop and flush a lot (get flushable litter). You also need to keep the apartment very clean. I kept my furniture covered with some nice throws and washed them once a week. If you can, leave a window open all the time. The fresh air is nice and it keeps the place from smelling stale. Get a lot of cat toys and a nice looking cat tree with platforms. Most people said they didn't know I had cats when they first came in, since there was no smell.
posted by
on May 12, 2009 [
1 favorite
If you have the money, a
litter robot
might be invaluable. It'll help cut down on the smell, and since it's always being cleaned the cats won't mind the single box.
posted by
on May 12, 2009
High-quality wet food, the highest quality possible, is best, with a little high-quality dry thrown in just in case you're away for a weekend. My cats are on the very pricey Prescription r/d for weight loss. It makes their poop smell worse for a brief interval, BUT shedding is **greatly** reduced and coat and skin quality are immensely improved. Start them on toothbrushing early!
posted by
on May 12, 2009
We have two cats in a small house. Not as tight quarters as you, but still -- it takes a little bit of kitty management. Here are a couple of thoughts.
Keep them exercised -- "da bird" is a brand of feather toy that, as far as I can tell, makes all cats insane. They loooove it. The feather replacements are expensive -- like $7! -- but no other brand seems to have the right zip. Also the little mousies that come in 6packs are great.
Litter box: nthing "scoop a lot". Get multi-cat litter. Get a plug in air freshener for the room, and keep a bottle of "odor-neutralizing" air freshener around. I never looked at the stuff in the air freshener aisle before having cats.... Some of the odor-neutralizing sprays are designed for pet smells and/or cigarette smoke, and don't have cloying odors of their own.
fifilaru's idea about throws is a good idea. If you put towels, blankets, etc on the furniture the tend to use a lot, you can just throw them in the washer -- less hair ground into the couch.
Also, start disciplining them now. Don't let them run around on your kitchen counters/scratch your couch/pounce on you at 5 AM/etc for a while and THEN try to break them of the habit. The squirt bottle is good. Also, loud noises. I seem to be pretty good at faking an angry-momma-cat-hiss.... also a loud "HEY!" and a hand clap works awesomely.
I hear that mileage varies with the cat trees. We got one for our kitties, and felt like idiots for spending the money, but they love it. We call it Cat Tower.
Finally -- get them microchipped. Last summer -- before taking in the two cats we have now -- I agreed to take a friend's cat for a year while he and his family went abroad. The very first night, the cat ripped through a window screen and vamoosed. Fast forward through newspaper ads, craigslist, signs, etc etc. Fast forward almost a YEAR. The cat was found last week, because someone took the stray she had been feeding to the vet, where the chip was scanned. Amazing!!
posted by
on May 12, 2009
Some experts recommend avoiding enclosed boxes on the theory that cats, who are super-sensitive to smell, may avoid them, and will suffer in any case. Our three cats have two open-air litter boxes, one upstairs and one downstairs. I dislike the odor of perfumed litter as much as I do cat-waste smells, so I use
Feline Pine
, a product made from compressed wood shavings that I like very much. I buy it at my natural foods store. The special Feline Pine litter box that they sell on the manufacturer's site makes disposal convenient. I scoop after every scoopable event as soon as I detect it, and I dispose of spent litter once a day. Odor is never a problem. Enjoy your three wonderful little beings!
posted by
on May 12, 2009
A good air filter can help somewhat with the loose fur.
posted by
The corpse in the library
on May 12, 2009
I'm in the same scenario, one older cat and two young ones in a tiny apartment. Ditto the one solution that will work: keep clean.
Get in the habit of cleaning the box two or three or more times a day. Both you and the cats will be much happier and you'll reduce the likelihood of future litterbox issues.
It is just as easy to do many small cleanings as it is to do one big nasty one. Actually, it's easier.
Also it helps to use something like the extra strength World's Best litter. It's expensive but it lasts a lot longer and the neutral smell isn't as unpleasant as clay litter.
posted by
on May 12, 2009
I have the largest litter box known to man
, because I also have
three kitties
, one of whom is a Main Coon. I strongly recommend this box!
Also, don't get the self-cleaning litter box. We tried it, and the motor that makes it rake the box is very weak and you end up spending a lot of time fiddling with it and then just cleaning it yourself again.
Use the Fresh Step clumping (but NOT clay) cat litter, multi-cat version with carbon. You get points with each purchase and you can get free litter and cat products with the points. I also use a natural citrus deodorizer that you sprinkle in the box whenever you add litter. It's not necessary, but I find it helps cut down on the odor.
Cat climbing trees are ridiculously expensive--we're talking a coupla hundred dollars sometimes for some boards with carpets.
I found this at my Walmart
for under $40 and the cats love it! The middle part has a springy end that goes against the ceiling of your place. We put a rubber doorstop on top of that to keep it from scratching the ceiling.
posted by
on May 12, 2009
Congratulations on embracing your inner crazy cat person.
I (and my cats) have been very happy with this
crazy large cat tree.
Not cheap, but incredibly better than lame cat trees I've seen priced at $100. Lots of places to sleep, lots of ways to jump around it, lots of sisal scratching posts.
posted by
on May 12, 2009
hanging sisal cat climber
. It is crazy expensive for a cat toy, but I think giving cats something to climb is one of the best things you can do to keep them less crazy.
We have an actual pole, in the basement, which we wrapped in sisal, and I cannot tell you how useful it is in keeping the wildness under control.
posted by
on May 12, 2009
We have two cats (it was three but Ed passed away in 2007) in a less than 500 square-foot apartment, so I will tell you what works for us:
1. One litter box, covered, like
this one
. I would prefer two, and in our last, slightly bigger apartment we had two, but in this situation, we could barely find a place for one. We RELIGIOUSLY clean the box twice a day. My husband has poo duty in the morning, and I have it at night. We use Tidy Cat (I think, something regularly available at the grocery store) unscented (because the only thing worse than the smell of cat shit, is the smell of cat shit and perfume) clumping litter for a multi-cat household, and we swap out all of the litter once a month or so (YMMV on that one; I have read that you should do it every week, but we tend to forget). We have two litter mats - the box rests on one, and then there is another one that acts as a bridge between the litter mat and the floor - because tracking becomes a huge issue in a small apartment. There's not as much "neutral space" for the litter to fall off their paws and seriously, you only need to find litter in your bed once to make anti-tracking strategies a high priority. We ditch the entire box and buy a new one once a year. Giving it a good cleaning would probably be a better solution, but the only place we have to perform such a task is our bathtub and that's gross.
2. Rug-on-the-wall. There's really no room in our place for a cat tree, so we nailed a door mat around a fairly centrally located door frame. The cats freaking LOVE this because it's really stable and they can run all the way up the rug, and we love it because it's hilarious to watch the cats run all the way up the rug. To deter the cats from scratching up our couch, I basically went the totally high tech route of making slip covers for the back and arms of the couch. We used to cover the particularly appealing parts of the couch with double sided sticky tape, but seriously, they don't scratch it that much any more.
3. Combing the cats. Our cats LOVE to be combed. Love. It. We use something
like this
, which is actually a dog comb. I will comb one cat, and the other will come over and fuss until I let her in on the action. The amount of hair I get off these short-haired cats is astounding. The other anti-shedding weapon in our arsenal is regular vacuuming of rugs and furniture. Also when we bought our couch, I literally took a wad of cat hair and picked a fabric swatch that was the closest match.
4. Toys and entertainment. I worry that our cats get bored in our small apartment, but they seem really happy. I set up a couple of cushions on a cedar chest in front of our living room windows, and the cats loooooooooove to nap there in the sun.
Here is a gratuitous pic
of our youngest enjoying that benefit. We keep all their toys in a basket on the floor, and they will actually select random toys that they want to play with, which is kind of interesting. They LOVE tennis balls because they can grab them with their claws and then wing them across the room and chase them.
Generally, we don't spend a lot of money on toys (like, I just can't bring myself to buy a cat tree because 1) UGLY and 2) there's an even chance the cats will hate it) because the cats are super fickle. They seem just as happy slinging a tennis ball around or playing in a paper bag as they do playing with fancy stuff, like the three foot long, questionably named "fun tunnel" that my parents bought us that the cats roundly ignore unless I throw a tennis ball in it.
I think cat shelves would be awesome but I didn't find out they existed until after we arranged our furniture and hung people shelves on the walls and now I don't know where we'd put them. When we move, though, I'm going to seriously look into it.
Modern Cat
is an excellent source of space-conscious, interesting cat junk - it's where I discovered the whole cat shelf phenomneon.
Mostly, what the cats seem to want from us is food and affection (probably in that order). Food is plentiful and my affection for the little harblz is bottomless. They are weird, but happy, even in our small space.
Good luck, and yay kitties!
posted by
on May 12, 2009
Nthing having two litterboxes if possible, and scooping daily. (My Dad was such a dedicated scooper that one cat, Sparky, developed the habit of finding Dad wherever he was in the house and poking him with one paw while giving a special, gutteral "meaow." This was his signal that he'd used the box and it needed cleaning.) Also, despite the cat trees we bought, our cats loved nothing more than stretching out on the coffee table in front of the picture window to soak up the sun. When we had three cats, Dad placed a footstool on top of that coffee table, and Sparky took that top spot, while the others lolled underneath. We heard comments from many neighbors about "those people that have the footstool in the window." When they were kittens, they played with their catnip toys and the feathers-on-a-stick, but as they got older, they mainly played with each other (in short bursts) and spent the rest of the day either napping, requesting petting/brushing from us humans, and eating.
posted by
Oriole Adams
on May 12, 2009
I had three kitties in a studio apartment in Sf. They'd all been with me for years (lived their entire long lives with me 15-18 years).
I scooped in the morning and in the afternoon. I had a catbox in the closet and one in the bathroom, but the place was so small I ended up with the one in the bathroom and scooped it every morning and every night. EVERY DAY.
A cat tree. And I washed my futon cover/blankets every couple of months. And I vacuumed as often as I could. I was lucky to have a window facing onto the yard (that I couldn't use) so I opened that window to air out the place. I never got any complaints and one kitty was 20 lbs (and not fat, the vet verified. I do have a fat 20 lb cat now though, haven't figured out why when he eats the *same* amount as our three not fat cats).
Good luck and good for you. Crazy cat ladies unite!
posted by
on May 12, 2009
Everyone seems to have it covered.
A covered litterbox, with the multiple-cat litter, a little rubber mat in front of it, and a dustpan and whisk broom kept by the litterbox.
Those new Pledge pet-hair remover things work pretty well on couches.
And if you have wood floors, Swiffers work great for picking up the furballs.
The climbing tree might be hit or miss. The kitty I have now loves it, my old cat sort of didn't care.
posted by
Green Eyed Monster
on May 12, 2009
I'm not a cat owner, but my sister is. I'm a hobbyist cat/dog nutritionist after finding out that food makes a huge difference in my dogs' lives.
In your cats case, the difference isn't necessarily wet food, but it is if the cats allow themselves to get dehydrated. Cats will get dehydrated easily as most don't like drinking water for whatever reason, although one of those gadgets that constantly recycles the water so that it's always moving will help greatly. What is a big difference is food that is made for carnivores vs. not. The food your vet is most likely to recommend, Science Diet, helped pay for your vet's education. ;)
What I'd recommend is
, which is made by
(not Nutra) Brands. California Natural is made by the same company but costs a bit less.
is a similar company (owned by Old Mother Hubbard).
Bonus points: Feeding better food makes their poop stink less (ok, well, it'll upset their little tummies at first because they're not used to getting the good stuff, but after a few REALLY stinky days, their systems get cleaned out.) and makes for smaller bowel movements and less-stinky pee, because their bodies have to filter out and/or discard less.
The other important thing to remember is that cats (unlike
canis lupus familiaris
) are carnivores. They are not supposed to eat a lot of carbohydrates. Their systems will turn carbohydrates straight into sugar, which they then burp up a little bit, which is what makes their little pointy teeth rot and gives them renal (kidney) failure and/or diabetes in old age. This is akin to the way that a human body will make something like a saltine cracker sweet as you chew it. If you pick up a bag of food at the store and see an ingredients list that looks like, "Chicken Byproducts, Corn Meal...", put it down immediately. Incidentally, that's the first two ingredients in Science Diet t/d, which is supposed to be a prescription diet to HELP cats' teeth.
posted by
on May 12, 2009 [
1 favorite
I have two cats in a studio apt with one covered litterbox (nothing fancy). They grew up together and they're fine with sharing. I use Fresh Step clumping (unscented when I can find it) and it works well. If your cats are ok using the same box, you might not need two boxes. See how it goes.
I know what you mean about the cat smell. There's no substitute for fresh air. I keep the windows open as much as possible. In the summer when I run the AC, it can get stale so I open the windows when it's not so hot and run fans to move the air around.
For fur control, brushing is key. I brush them every day for a few minutes and then on the weekends for longer sessions. They love it. I use a shedding blade on their backs/sides/tails and a ZoomGroom on their heads/faces/throats/bellies. (They don't like the Furminator -- too rough even when using soft strokes.) Bonus with the ZoomGroom: I can flip it over and use the other side to remove fur from my sofa and bed. Damp rubber gloves and damp sponges work, too. I go through a lot of lint brushes as well.
I have a studio apt, so my cats have access to the whole place including my bed. I keep a cover sheet on it which I fold down a bit at the top when I go to bed. I wash this sheet once a week. It's a total pain but worth it to have a nice clean bed. Having hard wood floors helps a lot. I do a little bit of floor cleaning almost every day. (Check out flylady.net for cleaning strategies.) For other surfaces, smooth and wipeable is better than cloth. The seats on my kitchen chairs are covered with woven cloth and it's a fur magnet. My project over the summer is to remove the seats and replace the cloth with vinyl.
posted by
on May 13, 2009
My fostering time is drawing to a close (took in a pregnant stray who had SIX kittens (!!) in addition to our three other cats plus my sister-in-law's cat that we watched for a year while she was abroad, giving us a grand total of ELEVEN CATS for the last eight weeks, which is definitely ridiculous) & all I can say is it's
really important
to have multiple boxes for multiple cats. I scoop every day (sometimes twice a day) & I really don't think we've had much of a problem with smell, but we're lucky enough to live in an apartment where we have a good out-of-the-way area for our catboxes. We have mostly hooded boxes (just get ones that are big enough for adult cats to turn around in) & a couple of smaller trays for the babies.
As far as shedding, I grew up with cats so it's something I'm used to. I vacuum once a week & try to pick up dust bunnies as I encounter them, but I've come to terms with the fact that basically everything I own will be covered in a thin layer of cat fur at all times.
Finally, I never would've believed it but the cat tree actually has really cut down on bad kitty behavior -- I felt like the craziest cat lady ever bringing home one that was almost as tall as I am, but our most obnoxious trouble-maker almost entirely stopped feeling the need to scale the dining room chairs as soon as I showed him the cat tree.
posted by
oh really
on May 13, 2009
The higher the better. Consider the top of the fridge, closet or bookcase prime realestate...
posted by
on May 13, 2009
This litter
has totally changed my life. We were using the flushable corn-based stuff, but the whole place reeked of urine constantly. Now that we use the carbon stuff, you'd never know we have 2 cats in a small apt.
Even though I love the litter, I'm tempted to try toilet training. The
Litter Kwitter
seems to be the most popular & reliable (and expensive) of the available kits. If you're ambitious and don't like stepping on kitty-crumbs every morning in the bathroom, you might give it a shot.
Good luck!
posted by
on May 13, 2009
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Nature's Inspiring Stories
Nature springs to life in Nature Conservancy magazine. Read
A team of scientists at The Nature Conservancy is tracking water in some key places in Maryland using high-resolution mapping technology called LiDAR (for Light Detection And Ranging). Their goal is to maximize conservation investments designed to improve water quality in agricultural landscapes where excess nutrient and sediment delivery threaten aquatic diversity.
Their efforts are focused on the Pocomoke River watershed and Talbot County on the Eastern Shore, as well as Washington, Allegany, and Frederick counties in western Maryland.
"We want to reduce surface water runoff and improve nutrient retention without losing agricultural land," said Kathleen Boomer, Conservancy watershed scientist. "The idea is to intercept water high in nutrients and sediments with restored wetlands or other conservation practices. We use the LIDAR data to help us identify areas where these practices will have the greatest, most cost-effective benefits to water quality."
Tracking water may sound easy, but it isn't. Water interacts with the ground in an intricate manner; slight changes in elevation can change how water acts. Researchers also have no direct information about how water moves below the land surface. In a method she pioneered, Boomer uses high-resolution topography maps derived from LiDAR to identify areas where restored wetlands can enhance natural filter processes that improve water quality. Using expert knowledge of how landscape and water interact, scientists can pinpoint where water might naturally drain, flood, and pool.
Wetlands naturally filter sediments, nitrogen, and phosphorous, which are essential to living organisms, but become a problem when in excess. Once they know where the water is and how it moves, conservationists can target land areas that transmit nutrient- and sediment-enriched waters to our river systems as priority locations for wetland restoration. The Nature Conservancy then works with local landowners in designing and implementing projects, offering financial and logistical support, and evaluating the effects of projects.
"The Nature Conservancy has a very strong history of working collaboratively with landowners and stakeholders to find solutions," said Amy Jacobs, watershed restoration director for The Nature Conservancy in Maryland/DC. "We want to meet the needs of the agricultural community, and improve water quality, which supports humans and nature."
In addition to providing water quality benefits, wetlands provide wildlife habitat, store floodwater and sequester atmospheric carbon. While LiDAR has been used before to map watersheds, using that information to target wetland conservation efforts is a novel Conservancy initiative.
An interdisciplinary, science-based approach to targeting conservation solutions helps The Nature Conservancy maximize the efficiency and effectiveness of conservation efforts. In some areas, such as flat land used primarily for timber and recreation along the Pocomoke River, that means breaching artificial levees to create floodplains for water during storms. When water overflows a stream bank into a flood plain, it settles there, filtering out nitrates, phosphorous, and sediment, and slowly flows back in the waterway, preventing exaggerated flooding downstream.
The Nature Conservancy in Pennsylvania is doing similar work on the Susquehanna watershed. The Nature Conservancy hopes this method helps inform conservation efforts elsewhere in the region and the country.
The Nature Conservancy is a leading conservation organization working around the world to conserve the lands and waters on which all life depends. The Conservancy and its more than 1 million members have protected nearly 120 million acres worldwide. Visit The Nature Conservancy on the Web at www.nature.org
The Nature Conservancy makes careful use of your support.


text:
What rising interest rates mean in retirement
An extended period of falling interest rates, coupled with a general lack of confidence in volatile stock markets, has led many older Canadians investors to load up on bonds in recent years.
Investors typically retreat from riskier assets in the years before they retire, slowly shifting their portfolios from stocks to more conservative fixed-income portfolios.
And they've been rewarded for doing so. Bonds have done nicely over the past five years with the better bond funds in Canada delivering a solid five per cent annual compound return.
But that party is pretty much over, warns CIBC Asset Management in a recent report, noting that two thirds of Canadians approaching retirement seem unaware that rising interest rates can actually erode the value of these investments.
Bonds are designed to serve as ballast, steadying the ship during stock market storms. But leaning heavily on fixed income — particularly long-term government bonds or the funds that invest in them — can disturb that balance when interest rates rise.
Most economists don't expect the Bank of Canada to start raising rates until next year. But it's hard to find someone who thinks they'll remain at these levels much longer than that. And that's going to hurt many cautious investors.
As rates rise, the interest rates on bonds with a longer maturity end up being locked in at a lower rate for a longer period of time. As a result, their value to buyers — i.e., their prices — falls off when rates rise.
Generally speaking, in a bond portfolio that has an average of 10 years in maturity, you'll see a 10 per cent price drop with a one per cent rise in rates.
You can take steps to diminish the impact of rising rates by moving to bonds with shorter maturities. To mute the impact, look for a bond fund with a low duration, or average maturity, of less than five years.
Looking ahead though, you may find that a bond-heavy portfolio — unless you've really been able to set aside a lot of retirement money — isn't going to get you where you want to go.
Funding a 25-year retirement will likely require a more aggressive investment strategy than you might think since your portfolio has to pay you regularly, settle up with the government, and keep up with inflation.
Most Canadians will find they need a low double-digit return. And that's probably only going to happening if a fair chunk of your money is invested in stocks.
But that's not what you see with most packaged investment products, cautions Mark Yamada, whose Toronto-based firm produces institutional quality portfolios for individuals.
Take target-date or lifecycle funds, for instance.
These programs, increasingly the backbone of many defined contribution pension plans, move money from riskier investments such as stocks to more conservative alternatives like bonds — a process commonly called the fund's glide path — as you approach retirement.
Can such an approach actually provide enough income to last through long retirements? The fund companies think so, but Yamada isn't so sure.
While they simplify decision making, target-date funds are rather blunt instruments when dealing with market risk and personal goals, he maintains.
One problem is that not everyone with the same target retirement date actually shares the same risk tolerance or investment goals.
Plus, some investors will clearly end up retiring when the markets are producing losses and the consequences of this timing, something known as the sequence of returns, could be severe.
Looking at the existing TDF marketplace, Yamada calculated the probability of running out of money when drawing four per cent of initial capital annually (adjusted for inflation) in a low to rising interest rate environment for various stock/bond mixes.
The results suggest that systematically reducing risk toward a retirement date by increasing bond exposure, as is the current practice for virtually all TDFs, may mislead investors into thinking they're better protected than they are.
Assuming the typical bond exposure of between 60 and 70 per cent you'd find in most TDFs, by the time it comes to retire, you'd end up with a 24 per cent to 33 per cent chance of exhausting capital prematurely, Yamada warns.
To combat this, a more dynamic glide path that might actually tilt towards more stocks and fewer bonds in retirement may make more sense, he suggests.
If market returns are poor in the early years, you'll dollar cost average at cheaper and cheaper valuations; and if markets are good — well, you'll have to find something else to worry about in retirement.
Got a question about investing, saving or retirement? Send Gordon an email and we might answer your question in a future column.
Sept. 19 (Bloomberg) –- Bloomberg Intelligence's Praveen Menon discusses Alibaba's IPO and expansion plans with Matt Miller on "Street Smart." (Source:... More Sept. 19 (Bloomberg) –- Bloomberg Intelligence's Praveen Menon discusses Alibaba's IPO and expansion plans with Matt Miller on "Street Smart." (Source: Bloomberg)
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Obama and His Marxist EPA Are Killing American Business and Jobs
EPA Wants To Kill Off 183,000 Private Sector Jobs A Year With New Regs – Gateway Pundit
Good grief. The far left has completely lost it.
The Obama team's latest EPA plan will kill off 183,000 private sector jobs a year.
New EPA regulations will kill at least 183,000 private sector jobs per year.
Penn Energy reported:
As the U.S. House of Representatives prepares to vote on the TRAIN Act, the American Coalition for Clean Coal Electricity, released a comprehensive analysis conducted by National Economic Research Associates (NERA) showing that several of EPA's new and proposed regulations would lead to 183,000 lost jobs per year and significant increases in the price of electricity and natural gas.
"America's coal-fueled electric industry has invested nearly $100 billion, so far, to achieve impressive reductions in air pollution. Now is the wrong time for EPA to blindly push ahead without even pausing long enough to understand how all of these rules could hurt American jobs and consumers," said Steve Miller, president and CEO of ACCCE.
The analysis, done on behalf of ACCCE by NERA, relies on state-of-the-art modeling tools, as well as government data for almost all of its assumptions. NERA's analysis projects that EPA's Cross-State Air Pollution Rule and proposed Maximum Achievable Control Technology, coal combustion residuals, and cooling water intake requirements for power plants would, over the 2012-2020 period:
** Cost the power industry $21 billion per year;
** Cause an average loss of 183,000 jobs per year;
** Increase electricity costs by double digits in many regions of the U.S.;
** Cost consumers over $50 billion more for natural gas; and
** Reduce the disposable income of the average American family by $270 a year.
At the same time, the EPA says it will need another 230,000 new bureaucrats to implement their disastrous job killing policies.
See More at The Daley Gator : http://thedaleygator.wordpress.com/


text:
On Saturday, October 5, 2013, the Wadsworth Atheneum Museum of Art will present its seventh annual Splendor Gala at the Connecticut Convention Center.
We are anticipating that the gala will again be sold-out with close to 500 guests representing the Museum's top supporters and members of the corporate community. The evening features live and silent auctions including artwork from many important artists, cocktails, fine dining and dancing.
Our previous six Galas were overwhelming successes netting $1.5 million to support important programs such as free transportation and admission to the Museum for all Hartford Public School students. The benefits of the Gala continue each month as 500-800 visitors now frequent the Museum for free during Second Saturdays for Families.
We hope to see you all at this year's gala on October 5, 2013.


text:
I love when I come across a portfolio that I'm totally inspired by. Erin Wallace is a designer who resides in Seattle and has a very whimsical, handcrafted style of illustration. Erin also prints her own letterpress cards and stationery and sells them in her Etsy shop. I can only dream of having a press of my own someday! I'm sure you'll find Erin's work as lovely as I do and I'm so glad to share it all here on the blog.
Links I Love: 9.12.14
Happy Friday! I'm so excited to return to Links I Love this week with some things that have caught my eye. Some of them are really just things that I really thought were awesome that I don't normally show here but maybe you'll agree!
I really love the illustration work of Brittany Holloway Brown. She creates beautiful watercolor illustrations and she's been on my radar for a while. It's been a few months since I've visited her portfolio so seeing her lettering work reminded me to add her to this list ASAP.
Even though I own a paper shop of my own, I'm always so enamored by the work of other paper companies. Sycamore Street Press has been a long-time favorite and I really admire their latest addition of friendship cards. Cards seem to follow trends so when I see something different, I get excited.
Do I need to explain why this is amazing? The muted tones of the Lees Ferry design are definitely inspiring, especially for the upcoming fall season. There are so many small elements that make this a great design so be sure to check out the full site.
I always look to NY Fashion Week to be inspired and drool over my dream wardrobe. If your closet is as full of black clothes as mine is, you'll love Marissa Webb's RTW S/S 2015 collection. I'm already dreaming of a spring full of flowy, long dresses.
I don't think this Everyday I'm Hustlin tote by Paper Jam Press needs any explanation either. I just want it because of reasons.
Fort Factory finally released their latest slab-serif, Factoria. There's nothing to dislike about this typeface. It's just a nice, clean slab-serif that has great tiny elements to it. I love the angle on the serif for the R which is one of those small things that stand out to me.
Loving the branding for Datarank which features the cutest whale illustration ever. I love seeing animal illustrations used in branding and Datarank's branding has so many great elements.
Courtney shared the 2015 packaging for Le Parcel by Seven Fifty Five on her blog this week. The colors, type, and pattern work wonderfully together to create clean, packaging. Le Parcel is a monthly subscription service for women during their time of the month and the packaging alone makes me want to sign up.
Thew new branding and packaging for Ugly Fruits is simplistic and it works. For a brand with a name like Ugly Fruits, I can imagine coming up with packaging could be a challenge. Mirim Seo clearly took this challenge head on and made something gorgeous.
I stumbled across the portfolio of illustrator Kate Bingaman Burt this week. Her portfolio is full of amazing illustrations. Kate has illustrated so many different things from surface patterns to book covers. Spend some time this weekend admiring Kate's portfolio like I have.
Don't forget to enter the Limited Edition Merci Print Giveaway! I'll be announcing the winner next Thursday!
Giveaway: Limited Edition Merci Print
Hey friends! I realized I went all summer without a giveaway and it's been way overdue. Today you have a chance to enter to win this white and gold limited edition version of Merci Floral Illustration & Lettering print from the Studio 404 shop! This is an 8×10 print that lives on the wall above my desk. I love it and I hope you like it as well! This giveaway will run until next Wednesday, September 17th. Good luck!


text:
Daniel Tovrov
- China Praises Phillipines For Pulling Out Of South China Sea
June 18 2012 12:20 PM
China also towed some of its fishing vessels out of the area as the storm approached but reportedly left surveillance vessels behind.
- Nigeria: Third Consecutive Chuch Bomb Sparks Religious Riots
June 18 2012 11:32 AM
After the Church bombings, two of which occurred in the city of Zaria and one in Kaduna City, a mob of Christians in Kaduna state retaliated by killing more than 50 people.
- Iran Nuclear Talks Resume In Moscow
June 18 2012 10:41 AM
Iran has been suspected of developing nuclear weapons, and the world powers in the Russian capital will spend two days trying to get Tehran to stop the enrichment and storage of uranium to 20 percent and open a secret military facility to United Nations inspectors.
- Muslim Brotherhood Wins Egypt Election, But Does It Matter?
June 18 2012 9:51 AM
A deft political move by the ruling Supreme Council of the Armed Forces, or SCAF, led by Field Marshal Hussein Tantawi, has all but annulled the significance of the presidential elections.
- Syrian Christian Support For Assad Regime May Turn Out To Be A Losing Strategy
June 16 2012 2:53 PM
Caught in the middle of a bloody 15-month-long uprising are Syria's 2 million Christians, who are wary of leaving behind a repressive and totalitarian regime.
- Italy Puts State Assets On The Auction Block
June 15 2012 4:15 PM
Italian Prime Minister Mario Monti has made growth and cutting the size and weight of the state his top priority.
- 'Let Us Drive' Demands Saudi Women's Rights Activist
June 15 2012 2:54 PM
Saudi activist Manal al-Sharif wrote an open letter to King Abdullah bin Abdul Aziz imploring him to soften the nationwide ban on women drivers.
- Fatou Bensouda Becomes First African ICC Chief
June 15 2012 2:22 PM
Fatou Bensouda was sworn in as the chief prosecutor of the International Criminal Court on Friday, making her not only the first African, but also the first woman, to lead the United Nations-backed tribunal.
- Japan: Police Arrest Aum Shinrikyo Fugitive Katsuya Takahashi
June 15 2012 11:57 AM
Tokyo police arrested the the last fugitive from the Aum Shinrikyo cult on Friday.
- What Egypt?s Soft Coup Means For The Presidential Elections
June 15 2012 11:16 AM
This Saturday and Sunday, Egyptians will head for polling station to choose who will be their first democratically elected president, but they are faced with a hard choice now that the Supreme Council of the Armed Forces, or SCAF, has seized greater control.
- US Flexes Its Spy Muscles In Africa: Report
June 14 2012 3:43 PM
The United States has been building drone bases across the African continent since 2007, as well as flying old-fashioned ... spy flights, and is spending tens of millions of dollars to track groups like al-Qaida in the Islamic Maghreb and Boko Haram.
- Aung San Suu Kyi Falls Ill In Switzerland
June 14 2012 3:01 PM
The Nobel Peace Prize laureate said she was exhausted by the long trip to Europe, her first in 24 years.
- Egyptian Court Dissolves One-Third Of Parliament, Paving Way For Mubarak Official To Run
June 14 2012 9:50 AM
Egypt's High Constitutional Court ruled that the election of one-third of Egypt's parliament was unconstitutional, which could effectively disband the legislative body while its still in its infancy
- Russia Pressured Over Syria, UN Monitors Enter Haffa
June 14 2012 9:02 AM
Secretary of State Hillary Clinton warned Moscow that it could lose its regional influence if it continues to side with the Syrian government and its 15 month-long crackdown.
- One Hundred Years Later, The Return Of The Anarchists?
June 13 2012 3:35 PM
Anarchists have been arrested for a spate of bomb attacks in Italy, and are being blamed for violence in Europe and the U.S. Is this the comeback of a movement that was considered a big threat a century ago?
- Assad's Forces Take Haffa; Rebuffs UN's Civil War Claim
June 13 2012 8:57 AM
After eight days of shelling, Syrian forces wrested control of the village of Haffa from rebels on Wednesday.
- South Africa Names First Female Police Chief
June 12 2012 12:46 PM
South African President Jacob Zuma appointed Mangwashi Victoria Phiyega police chief on Tuesday only moments after firing General Bheki Cele from the post.
- 'Manifesto Of Free Russia': 'How To Rid The Country Of Putinism'
June 12 2012 11:45 AM
Opposition groups in Russia published their Manifesto of Free Russia, which demands an end to Putin's 12-year rule.
- Kenya Asks US/EU To Join Fight Against Al Shabab
June 12 2012 8:58 AM
Washington, which put a $33 million bounty on the heads of six al Shabab commanders last week, said on Sunday that it will continue to provide assistance to the African Union Mission in Somalia, of which Kenya is a part, but did not elaborate.
- US Weighs Its Costly Afghanistan Supply Route Options
June 11 2012 4:11 PM
Talks to reopen the route are stalled, but the withdrawal of the team of low-level specialists does not indicate a significant break in U.S.-Pakistan relations


text:
Hi. I'm Lane.
This is my safe space.
Queer Boi - INTJ - Person of Color - Minnesota
Don't get it twisted, this shit's not quality.
Read the General Disclaimer prior to following me.
I want you to have to tiptoe around me like im a delicate creature who will snap your head off if you so even think of messing with my humanity."
"I want you to feel alienated by me.
I want you to have to tiptoe around me like im a delicate creature who will snap your head off if you so even think of messing with my humanity."
little boi blue
Last night I attended a reading series of literature/poetry at Intermedia Arts in Uptown, Minneapolis. It's called Queer Voices.
For more than 9 years, Intermedia Arts' Queer Voices reading series has been creating a safe space for GLBT writers and audiences to explore the day-to-day material of life without internal or external censorship. Curated by John Medeiros and Andrea Jenkins, Queer Voices is the longest running series of its kind in the nation.
If not a mostly white-washed environment, the series was pretty inspiring in the fact that some of the artists performing were pretty fucking excellent at what they did.
Except one.
Introducing to the floor we meet the author of TransParentHood, Leslie somethingorother.
She made her debut proclaiming herself as the parent of a transgender child, switching pronouns repeatedly in order to describe her "Sam." Charming, right?
In a queer space, this woman talked about her non-queerness, referencing her repeated transphobia and essentially her struggle to overcome her challenges.
Obviously this was a wonderful topic to bring up to an audience filled with queer and trans* people.
The sheer pride she had in her writing was disgusting. At one point she commented on how a doctor had awarded her with the title of being a "Pioneer" and she laughed about it giddily, proud of being such a decent human being as to not hate her child.
Awesome, right?
This woman talked about her child in the most stereotypical, dehumanizing way and it made me hate her. I wanted to vomit all over her face and set her afire.
"She had 10 fingers and 10 toes and the doctor said 'It's a girl!' so we never knew something would be wrong with her."
But all violence aside.
Her shit sucked and it almost ruined the following performances for me (all except one because it was fantastic).
Dear tumblr -
I fall under the trans* umbrella.
I'm a human being, in case you've forgotten.
I am not something to be "fixed". You will not benefit from my pain.
And if you are a shitty person and transphobia rules your life
stay the fuck away from me because I am out of spoons
all I have are knives left
and best believe I will use them on you.
Thank you.
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emphasis mine. because wonderful.
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text:
were called to Marshall Lane at 5:30 p.m. on Thursday for smoke reported in a residential building.
Three engines arrived to find smoke in the house. Upon investigation, firefighter found burnt food on the stove. The house was vented and apparatus was cleared.
Commercial Fire Alarm at Bay State Ford
Easton Firefighters responded to a commercial fire alarm at Bay State Ford at approximately 12:15 a.m. Thursday, which turned out to be a malfunction in the alarm.
Firefighters arrived to investigate the cause and notified the owners the next morning.
Mutual Aid For Brockton
Easton Firefighters responded to West Elm Street just before midnight on Wednesday to assist the Brockton Fire Department.
One person was treated for a medical and transported to Good Samaritan Medical Center.
Accidental Alarm at Southeastern Regional
Easton Firefighters responded to Southeastern Regional Vocational Technical High School Tuesday for a box alarm at approximately 11:30 a.m. Upon arrival, firefighters found it was caused by workmen and the box was left off line.


text:
Clifford's Puppy Days
PAW PRINT PICASSO/HUP HUPSeries Website »
Episode Guide »
Clifford accidentally gets his paws on Emily's painting and befriends a seeing-eye dog.
Vermont transplant and Guster frontman Ryan Miller seeks out far-fetched friends across the state! Available exclusively online.
Check out winning Vermont entries to the 2014 PBS Kids Writers Contest!
Tons of videos and games for children from PBS!
PBS Kids - Tons of videos and games for children from PBS!
Educator Resources - Lesson plans, online courses, and videos for teachers and parents.


text:
Canon G7 X: Canon Catches Up With a Tiny 1-Inch Sensor Point-and-Shoot
From about 2009-2012, Canon's S-series point-and-shoots were the best tiny little cameras you could buy. Then, Sony's RX100 line conquered it with similar functionality, but a much larger 1-inch image sensor that blew Canon's dinky 1/1.7-inch chips away. With the PowerShot G7 X, Canon strikes back. »


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text: "There is a loftier ambition than merely to stand high in the world. It is to stoop down and lift mankind a little higher." - Henry Van Dyke Jul 6 - Meta: Share On Facebook Share On Twitter Enchanted by the beauty of today and the unknown of tomorrow. « »


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Sik!!!! Hit me up as soon as you get back! Let's take that beast out for a spin. On the race tune!
good looking numbers
will it see the track?
Congradulations , I'm really excited for you.
Let me know when your back in SoCal .
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Untitled Document Investment in Information Technology is critical to a healthcare organization's survival. Information technology is transforming healthcare delivery and innovating Hospital Information Systems. Electronic Patient Records (EMR), Computerized decision support tools, Picture Archival, Communication Systems, Telemedicine and several e-Health applications, are delivering impressive payoffs in improving the quality of services, optimum utilization of hospital resources and enhancing clinical outcomes.Better clinical outcomes and reduced medical errors are highly dependent on clinical information systems, which provide decision support and automate process tools capable of improving care-giver productivity.iCARE Practice Management SystemiCARE is a browser-based solution developed wholly by IMTAC. It comprises a Patient Administration Module (Registration, Appointment Scheduling), Physician Order Entry System, Electronic Medical Record (EMR) and Outpatient Billing.
The modular components are built as web services to communicate over the internet with application components built in any language but use SOAP as communication protocol. iCARE uses Microsoft Enterprise SQL 2005 RDBMS engine.
Integration with HL7 standards can be achieved using any EAI tool with HL7 adapters or custom-built message sockets.
Through a strategic partnership with HBO-ACI, the Middle East distributor of TrakHealth, IMTAC is executing a project to implement TrakCare HIS in a 550-bedded super specialty teaching hospital. IMTAC also offers development of customized Patient Administrative Systems, and integration services with existing applications.Through a strategic partnership with HBO-ACI, the Middle East distributor of TrakHealth, IMTAC is executing a project to implement TrakCare HIS in a 550-bedded super specialty teaching hospital.