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Brasseries Kronenbourg is NOT vegan friendly
|0 810 63 06 07
|Checked by:
|Double checked by:
|AngelA, Michael, Jeanne, Callum
|over 7 years ago
|Double Checked:
|3 months ago
Products by Brasseries Kronenbourg:
Not Vegan Friendly
Company email (June 2014):
"Kronenbourg is not suitable for vegetarians as it is clarified using isinglass finings which are fish derived."
Company email (May 2014):
"Vous nous avez contactés concernant une demande d'information sur la composition, le processus de fabrication et de filtration des bières Kronenbourg.
Nous vous informons donc que concernant nos produits Kronenbourg nous n'utilisons pas de produits d'origine animal dans la composittion, la fabrication et la filtration."
[Google translation] "You have contacted us regarding a request for information on the composition, manufacturing process and filtration Kronenbourg beers.
We inform you about our products Kronenbourg we do not use any animal product in composittion, manufacturing and filtration."
Company email (October 2011)
"Although Heineken UK products are not tested on animals, we treat our some of our beers with isinglass finings (a solution of collagen prepared from certain fish). This is the only animal product which Heineken UK ever uses in beer production." [Heineken makes Kronenbourg, the mail was in response to a Kronenbourg question]
UPDATE: June 2009
Fosters Company Email:
"All other Foster beer brands made in Australia are not vegan friendly, including Stella Artois, Carlsberg and Kronenbourg"
Company Email:
"Although Scottish & Newcastle UK products are not tested on animals, we treat our beers with isinglass finings (a solution of collagen prepared from certain fish).
This is the only animal product which Scottish & Newcastle UK ever uses in beer production. Isinglass has been used in beers for centuries as a clarification agent during beer conditioning. In keg and small pack beers, there is very little, if any finings left in the finished product as it settles out with the yeast, and any residues are removed during the filtration process.
In cask beers, however, finings is added to the beer when it is packaged to assist the settling of the live yeast that is an integral part of cask conditioning. Cask beers, then, will always have some finings in the cask, but if the beer has been treated properly in the pub and isn't cloudy, the sediment containing the majority of finings remains at the bottom of the cask and very little carries through to the finished product.
Unfortunately, fish finings work so well that all attempts by brewers to find a suitable alternative have by and large been unsuccessful. There has been no concern over health aspects, as no consumer ill effects have ever been reported over the many, many years that finings have been used.
Although the conclusion drawn is that there is little, if any, finings in the finished product, it is advised that as the product may contain traces of finings that we do not say it is suitable for vegetarians.'
With regards to our ciders, three of our products, Strongbow Sirrus, Bulmers Original and Jacques use an animal product as a colouring material. Our other ciders do not use any animal products as ingredients. However some of our processes occasionally use isinglass finings as a clarifying agent and as such we can't guarantee that any of our ciders are suitable for vegetarians."


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New episode of MANville & the Jimmy Pigfeet Challenge
(from MANvilleShow.com)
It's the pre-show for the 2nd Annual Jimmy Pigfeet Challenge! The man(-pig) himself joins us to discuss and preview the Challenge, discuss what went down last year, and what to expect this year. We also briefly touch on Gamejak Dan's forthcoming stand-up comedy debut which follows the event.
Plus: The origin [...]
Stop Making Fun of Andrew Cuomo, You Guys!
As gross as this is, it doesn't really surprise me: Cuomo's people have a 35-page dossier on Elizabeth Benjamin of Capitol Tonight. Why? Well, just because she got a little bit snarky, I guess.
The file, composed of highlighted and annotated blog items by Elizabeth Benjamin, one of Albany's dominant political [...]
Recent entries
- Goodbye, goodbye, goodbye…
- Listen to me LIVE as guest co-host of Alternative to Sleeping tonight at 10pm!
- Realtors: "WAAAAAAAAAHHHHHH" George Hearst III: "NONONOO SSSSHHH IT'S OKAY, it's okay…here. Here's a pacifier." Kristi: "#oops."
- Open Mic web series premiere tonight @ Lark Tavern
- Trust Me, You're Going to Want to See This
on Twitter
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subset: commoncrawl


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Gator Utility Shelf
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Very nice one lars
Wow one of your best Lars
Very nice one... looks very powerfull... which Bands you aregoing to attach?
Nice vid and extras
Very nice Hammer, great job.
Don't underestimate the power of the Thera-Band Gold !!http://lance-pierres.geekaddict.net/
Very nice! Is that pine-scales?
"It's just a flesh wound!" -The Black Knight


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In work our toaster has just broken so I decided to choose the next one we got so that it'd be something a bit better than the cheap model we had before. I wanted something quite nice and so being a Russell Hobbs fan I opted for this Allure toaster which is a square shaped toaster and very stylish looking. The kitchen at work has all stainless steel goods so it had to match with the theme but I managed to get this for a very good price and so far so good having had it a good few months now.
This toaster is very nice to look at being a square or rectangular shape and being stainless steel it catches your eye. It has the Russell Hobbs logo embossed into it going down the side and has three buttons on the front as well as the turning knob on the side with a lever. It has enough room to toast two pieces of break and the buttons are all black and the weight of this toaster is 2kg which isn't that light. It looks great and is average in terms of the size of it compared to other toasters I have had.
Now, this toaster was very easy to set up, it comes with a small instruction book and is well packaged in its box with card and once taken out it does look beautiful. The cable is a good length for plugging in and once plugged in, it was ready to be used. I had to use it right away as I was sadly excited to use this and see how good it was. This toaster has room for toasting two slices of bread and what I did notice with this model is that it has wider slots to make it adaptable for toasting all kinds of items.
The toaster has three black buttons on the front, the small icons beside them on the side are all quite self explanatory but these are handy buttons. You have your first button which is the cancel function, this is just for people who are mid toasting and either think the bread is almost burning or maybe have put the wrong thing in or want to toast two slices, you just click this button and it will cancel the toasting process and pop your toast right out to stop you from any panic and quickly stop the toasting.
The toaster also has a frozen bread button which is for those of us who freeze bread, you will just put your toast in and push this and then it will toast your bread, calculating the adequate amount of time needed to toast this to the same colour as unfrozen bread. The last button is the bagel setting which is obvious really it is for those of us who like to eat toasted bagels, this will again cook them to the right temperature needed to get great results and I have been happy with the results of this.
On the side of the toaster, there is a turning knob, this is a browning control and is what is used to ensure you get your toast cooked exactly how you like it. You can do it lightly toasted or dark which is very heavily toasted, I usually leave it somewhere inbetween and once happy with the results I don't tend to move it as I want my toast to keep this colour. It is standard on most toasters to have this feature but it is still useful and I find this toaster does work evenly in toasting my bread.
Another feature with this toaster is the removable crumb tray, this is great as you can just pull it out under the side where the turning knob is. It just pulls out and assists with cleaning as it does the hard bit removing all of the crumbs so that they don't keep burning causing a smell each time you toast. Just simply pull this out and bin the crumbs and your toaster is as good as knew again. A very handy feature that a lot of companies need to consider as it just cleans the toaster out restoring it.
The toaster comes with an extra lift facility to help with removing toast as it just pulls it up more. T his is a great toaster, very compact with all of the features you could want from a modern day toaster. It looks stylish, it toasts evenly and it doesn't get too hot which is great. I have so far had no problems with it and I have had it at work for a good few months and it seems to be reliable. If you want a new toaster, a bit more premium then this is definitely a good contender.
The price of this toaster is currently £49.99 which does seem quite a lot but Amazon are selling it for £38.02 which is a great saving.
The official Russell Hobbs website is http://uk.russellhobbs.com/.
Short name: Russell Hobbs 17886


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You guys better have this for me next year! (:
I'm in, but how do we recognize each other??
Uhoh….its goin down
HOLY SHIT BATMAN, the one time this happens is the one game I can't go to lol what the effffffffff
I'll bring the bong.
Michael Dubose I fucking love you. WE SHOULD GET NAME TAGS WITH OUR URLS!!


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"The auto industry tends to give customers what they say they want," Sage Marie, Manager of Honda Product Planning, told AOL Autos. "But there is no overt policy. Cars are getting bigger, with more hip, elbow and shoulder room as time goes on, but that's not a function of overtly targeting the marketing requirements of extra-large people."
Marie says each year's crop of Hondas are the result of research and focus groups and studies asking autobuyers what they'd like to see and what they are willing to pay for. "As the data comes back, we're finding that people say, 'We want more space,'" he said. "That's a function of people being larger in general. I don't think there is anything in the studies that says, 'Please list your weight.' Customers are asking for more room."
Honda's 2011 Accord and Odyssey were voted the top two best vehicles for larger drivers by Consumer Reports last August, with Hyundai's Azera coming in third. "The test was based on a the criteria of good visibility, comfortable seats, ease of access, and a tilt-and-telescope steering column," said Jim Travers, Consumer Reports associate editor.
"Maximizing interior volume is one of our mission statements, part of our DNA on all our vehicles," said Hyundai spokesman Miles Johnson. "Comfort of your passengers is important. More room helps with visibility from the very beginning, regardless of peoples' size. Interior room is a feature anyone can appreciate."
There are few reliable statistics on which cars are most accomodating for larger people, outside of lists like the one compiled by Consumer Reports. It seems obvious that the bigger the driver the bigger they'd want their car to be, but that's not entirely true. Extra-large car shoppers seem to find vehicles that can accomodate them in many different segments, including compacts.
Amelia Ann, a 25-year-old student from Akron, Ohio, said her 2004 Volkswagen New Beetle is the ultimate little car, but with lots of interior room. "Just because I'm fat doesn't mean I want to drive a huge car," she said. "My friend's Mom had a Volkswagen Bug and I always wanted one since I was a kid, but I figured it was a small car and I probably wouldn't fit. But when it was time to car-shop, I tried a couple of other cars and my legs didn't fit, or my hips didn't fit or the seatbelt didn't fit."
"There weren't too many places I could go online to find articles about which cars are good for people my size," she said. "I met a couple of girls who were bigger than me who had Bugs and they loved them, too, so I was sold. I'm amazed at how roomy the Bug is inside."
New York musician Ted Horowitz, who goes by the stage name Popa Chubby, recently bought a Jeep Liberty. "I'm happy to say the Jeep is quite comfortable, even for me," he said. "I also drive a Ford van when I haul equipment, and then I drive a '71 Mustang fastback which is roomy and comfortable."
Walking onto the auto dealer's lot to test drive a car can be a challenge to anyone, but for extra-large consumers, their size can bring particular issues. "It's hard to go to the dealership and sit in 20 different cars, " says Amelia Ann. "Out of the 20 cars, you might fit in only two of them comfortably, and it's easy to feel intimidated."
Horowitz, with his shaved head, tattoos and soul patch, doesn't have that problem. "People tend to respect me because I'm scary-looking," he says. "There are benefits to looking like a Hell's Angel."


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Melissa Fyfe Google+
Melissa Fyfe is an investigative journalist with special interests in politics, government policy, social justice and the environment. Melissa joined The Age investigations unit in August 2011 after three years reporting on politics for The Sunday Age, including a stint in the Canberra press gallery.
The land dragons
Royce Millar, Melissa Fyfe and Marika Dobbin Jeff Xu is outgrowing Melbourne. Xu, 35, is one of the city's new wave of wealthy Asian property developers dominating Melbourne's apartment and hotel market.
Where overcrowding leaves children sick and depressed
Melissa Fyfe Filsan Warsame and Shamsun Ali have seven children. Each night they put them to bed, and each night they do their best. But space is scarce in their two-bedroom flat.
Victoria: state of the fair go or the fob off?
Melissa Fyfe The state government says social justice is central to its mission, but there's still a long way to go to overcome disadvantage.
Bronchial sufferer housed in mould-ridden flat
Melissa Fyfe The Baillieu government has put a young woman with lung problems into a public housing flat so mould-ridden and damp the former tenant was relocated for health reasons.
Celebrating their fresh start, breathing easy at last
Melissa Fyfe When Wendy Marshall opened the door of her new apartment in a Collingwood public housing high-rise, she could not believe her luck.
No breathing space when home's gone to ruin
Melissa Fyfe A mother and her baby are struggling with asthma in a flat wrecked by mould.
Slum conditions in public housing exposed
Melissa Fyfe State government embarrassed by damning submissions to parliamentary inquiry that reveal Melbourne's most vulnerable public housing residents living in taxpayer-funded homes that are falling down.


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Red Cross shelters are now open at Norristown, Pottstown and Cheltenham area high schools and while those in need of shelter are only trickling in at the moment, volunteers are in great demand.
Norristown Area School Board President Denise Ashe sent the following plea early this morning:
"The red cross is short on volunteers at the high school. The head of the baptist ministry works with them to get people from the community to help.
Pastor White just called and said Red Cross needs people from 7 a.m. to 7 p.m. and again at shift two from 7 p.m. to 7 a.m. starting tomorrow morning. (Of course I took the pm shift).
I thought this may be a way to show people how Norristown can come together when needed.
Please forward this request for help to responsible family, friends, and peers asap. Just have them email me their name and times they can help."
Contact Ashe at firstname.lastname@example.com if you can help.
Folks already on the scene at the Norristown shelter in the school's gymnasium report that only a handful of people had checked in to stay by 11 a.m. this morning, but they have enough cots and supplies to serve hundreds if needed.
Pets Welcome
The shelters are pet friendly, so residents are encouraged to bring their animals with them in the event of an evacuation. Pets are being housed in a separate part of the building from the main shelter (for those of you concerned with allergies) but owners will have access to the animals and be expected to be on hand to care for and feed their pets.
[Shelter guests] can have contact with their animals," said Julie Chang, part of the Montgomery County Animal Response Team (MCART) handling the animal section of the shelter. "Actually they are responsible for taking care of the animals."
According to Chang, keeping their usual daily routine and seeing familiar faces will help keep the animals calm during the stressful time. MCART also suggests owners bring their animals food and any bedding so as to disrupt their schedule and comfort as little as possible.
For more information on MCART or to volunteer or make a donation, contact Karen Douglas at 484-686-7026.


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Sunset at Trillium Lake
After a long day of photographing we ended the day at the lake. We started to head home after shooting a while, but as we drove away the sky turned a vicious hot pink, so I yelled, "We have to go back!" We were glad we did.
Oregon - 2013
(Source: lizdevine.com)
reminds me of home (Alaska)
nice landscape
I want to go on an adventure.


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My Name's Anthony, go by Tony. 20 yrs old. California Resident. Italian and black. College student. Artist. Photographer. Musician. Tattoo Apprentice. I love GOD. Art. Drawing. Tattoos. Music. Cliff jumping. Longboarding. Playing piano. Fashion. Nature.
Hahahaha the clothes that the guy is wearing like a similar to my baby boy one sia! Hahahahahaaha. :D


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The Ibis has been one of my favourite hotels for a few years now, its excellent value for money! Every room has a double bed and mod cons, its extremely clean and well kept, a nice bar on the ground floor and a relaxed atmosphere, the staff are first class! Recommended for value for money and convenience for the city centre.
This is a good value hotel in a central area of Glasgow.
The location of the hotel makes it ideal for budget accommodation for a special night out on the town or for a major shopping spree!
It's just a short walk from lots of great restaurants and bars and around 10 mins walk from copious shops.
The rooms are basic but clean and the staff are friendly and helpful.
I would definitely stay here again!
This user has arrived from Qype, a European company acquired by Yelp in 2012. We have integrated the two sites to bring you one great local experience.


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Sandra Lee -- cooker of "Semi-Homemade" food, girlfriend of Andrew Cuomo -- is the subject of the New York Times Magazine's Talk piece this week, and though the piece is ostensibly about Lee, the second half of it becomes almost entirely about her famous companion. Though interviewer Andrew Goldman ... More >>
Yesterday, The Business Insider's chief Henry Blodget announced a new round of funding to the world in a blog post explaining that the company just scored a cool $3M in the form of backing from a venture capital firm, RRE Ventures. That's more than the company's had since they started. TBI an ... More >>
After a long hiatus, the column that cost this company a cool mil in advertising has returned! BlogBeat is back, and this week, we're coming out swinging. The New Yorker's working on a forthcoming profile of Gawker Media owner Nick Denton; Guest of a Guest has some disclosure indiscretions; a ... More >>
MOMA Shuts Down Film Stills Archive


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Citadelle de Besançon
Besançon's crowning glory is this Unesco World Heritage–listed citadel, a formidable feat of engineering, designed by the prolific Vauban for Louis XIV in the late 17th century.
Besançon's crowning glory is this Unesco World Heritage–listed citadel, a formidable feat of engineering, designed by the prolific Vauban for Louis XIV in the late 17th century.
Chambéry has one of the best-preserved medieval old towns this side of the Alps. Its hidden courtyards, cafe-rimmed squares and lanes flanked by tall shuttered townhouses are great for an aimless amble. Streets worth wandering include rue du Sénat de Savoie , gallery-dotted rue Métropole and cobbled rue Juiverie .
No trip to Besançon is complete without visiting this stately museum. It is France's oldest, founded in 1694 when the Louvre was but a twinkle in Paris' eye.
Briançon's biggest drawcard is its extensive 17th- and early-18th-century Vauban heritage, including the old town's signature star-shaped fortifications, surrounding forts (Fort des Têtes, Fort des Salettes, Fort du Dauphin and Fort du Randouillet) and bridge (Pont d'Asfeld).
The glass and steel facade of Grenoble's boldest museum occupies an entire block. Also called the Musée des Beaux-Arts, the museum is renowned for its distinguished modern collection, including star pieces by Chagall, Matisse, Canaletto, Monet and Picasso. The classic collection is equally impressive, spanning works from the 13th to 19th century.
Sitting on a triangular islet in the Canal du Thiou, the whimsically turreted, 12th-century Palais de l'Isle has been a lordly residence, courthouse, mint and prison (lucky inmates!) over the centuries. Today Annecy's most visible landmark hosts local-history displays.
France's largest glacier, the glistening 200m-deep Mer de Glace (Sea of Ice) snakes 7km through mighty rock spires and turrets; it was named by Englishman William Windham, the first foreigner to set eyes on the glacier in 1741.
A jagged needle of rock rearing above glaciers, snowfields and rocky crags, 8km from the hump of Mont Blanc, the Aiguille du Midi (3842m) is one of Chamonix' most distinctive landmarks.
Crowning a hillside above the River Isère, this 19th-century fort is Grenoble's most visible landmark.
Sitting astride a rocky outcrop and surrounded by mighty ramparts, Briançon's old town is a late-medieval time capsule, its winding cobbled lanes punctuated by shuttered town houses in candy colours and shops selling won't-stop-whistling marmots The main street is the steep Grande Rue, also known as Grande Gargouille (Great Gargoyle) because of its gushing rivulet.
Slung high above the old town, this sturdy citadel, built by the prolific Vauban, is the city's centrepiece. Inside is the Musée d'Histoire , which spells out regional history in artefacts.
Chambéry's trophy sight is this forbidding medieval castle, once home to the counts and dukes of Savoy. Guided tours leave from the Accueil des Guides office, opposite the château, and cover an exhibition tracing Savoy's rich history and the Tour Trésorerie (Treasury Tower).


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A global drinking game that has been linked to at least two deaths has hit Thunder Bay.
Called NekNomination, the game has youth recording themselves drinking a large portion of alcohol, oftentimes performing stunts while they drink, and then challenging others to do the same within the next 24 hours.
At least two young men from the UK have died taking the challenge and Confederation College's interim general manager of residence Kristi Robins said she's seen about five NekNomination videos from students on campus.
"It's going on a little bit," said Robins Wednesday morning.
And while videos on YouTube show youth drinking whole bottles of alcohol, videos posted by Thunder Bay users seem limited to people stripping down to their underwear, jumping in the snow and downing a beer.
"I know there is potentials of danger with it because you can one up the dare," said Robins.
The college campus is trying to combat that threat with a random acts of kindness challenge, where students are encourage to record themselves doing good deeds instead of drinking and then challenging others to do the same.
The pay-it-forward trend also has videos popping up on social media sites.
Robins said if the local videos start escalating past a single beer, it's considered a drinking game and they aren't allowed on campus.
Students caught playing drinking games are disciplined by a points system - if they accumulate nine points, they are evicted from residence.
First-year interactive media student Dana Bizzarrino said she's seen some of the local videos with people she knows in them.
"I just think it's pretty entertaining to watch, but personally I wouldn't do it," she said, adding it could eventually start to get out of hand.
Her classmate Wayland Moonias hasn't seen any of the videos but thinks the challenges are ridiculous.
"Alcohol at a young age is not really good," he said. "I could see it becoming a big thing for a younger audience ... It could be harmful because it's basically like peer pressure."
Sheena Albanese, a health promotion planner with the Thunder Bay District Health Unit, said any form of game or challenge involving binge drinking is dangerous.
"The more a person drinks, the more harm that results from the drinking, so drinking very quickly and under a challenge where a person isn't really paying attention to their limits or how they're feeling is definitely going to lead to all kinds of problems like injuries or violence and in this case, excessive drinking can cause alcohol poisoning and death," she said.
Albanese said people should call 911 at the first signs of alcohol poisoning, which include difficulty breathing, excessive vomiting or the inability to wake someone who is passed out.
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Tangy herb sauce over pan-grilled fresh fish makes an impressive 30-minute meal.
Cooking Light JANUARY 2010
1. Combine the first 5 ingredients in a medium bowl; stir in 1/4 teaspoon salt and 1/8 teaspoon pepper.
2. Heat a grill pan over medium-high heat. Coat pan with cooking spray. Sprinkle remaining 1/4 teaspoon salt and 1/8 teaspoon pepper over fish. Add fish to pan; cook 4 minutes on each side or until desired degree of doneness. Serve with sauce.
Wine note: The green herbs and tangy citrus in the chimichurri here need a bright, herbal white: sauvignon blanc. Discover the Clayhouse label out of California's powerhouse Central Coast. Their 2008 Sauv Blanc ($15) is racy with lime, green apple, crisp stone fruit, and green herbs, with enough body to stand up to the meaty fish. —Sara Schneider
Go to full version of
Pan-Grilled Halibut with Chimichurri recipe


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AMD intros new CPUs including a six-core flagship Black Ed.
12/07, 5:40am
Also intros dual-core desktop model for tuners
AMD has introduced two new Black Edition processors, the Phenom II X6 1100T and the Phenom II X2 565. The AMD Phenom II X6 1100T Black Edition is AMD�s new flagship and offers PC builders unlocked clock multipliers, Turbo Core technology and the performance offered by six-cores. The Phenom II X2 565 Black Edition dual-core also offers performance-tuning features for enthusiasts but at a more affordable price.


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Hi guys I have some spare parts laying around. Rocket is sold. I have the knee parts left. These came with my fettpride v4 armor. 10.00 shipped
Last edited by Aiakos; May 26, 2013 at 10:58 AM.
I'd like them PM sent.
Pm responded to
Rocket was shipped Tuesday morning via priority mail!
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Roy Myers
Roy Myers, lifetime resident of Tuckaleechee Cove, former logger and farmer, 84 years old, Mrs. Myers, 81 years old. Interviewed by Susan Bratton, GSMNP biologist at their home in Townsend, May 15, 1975
RM: My name is Roy Myers. Born August the sixth, eighteen and eighty-nine.
SB: Okay, Boney, want to talk about your father's cattle for awhile?
RM: Talk about Dad's cattle?
SB: Yeah, talk about your father's cattle. How many did he have all together?
RM: Oh, I don't know. He'd take 75. I think the most we ever had out there was about ninety something. I don't know.
SB: Are those cows with calves, milk cows, beef cows?
RM: There wasn't many cows along. There's yearlings and two-year-olds and calves that was weaned. Eight or nine months old, he'd buy 'em up, you know, in the fall and winter.
SB: You carried salt up on the mountains for those cattle, did you?
RM: Oh, I rode a mule, got up there, yeah.
SB: How old were you when you started doing that?
RM: Oh, I don't know, 'bout fourteen.
SB: Where did you take the salt?
RM: Up to where the cattle was.
SB: Was that up on Defeat Ridge?
RM: Yeah.
SB: How high up did you take that salt? Just to the Blowdown?
RM: Naw. Took it to the Devil's Nest, Eve's Garden, Chestnut Flats, Blowdown, Coffeepot Hollow, Elder Hollow. There's where your cattle run.
SB: Did they run all the way to the top of the ridge?
RM: Oh yeah. They'd go up to the top of the ridge. Hot weather, they'd eat out on the top when it got hot.
SB: And they were just running in the woods. Did you ever clear any openings for 'em, or did they just find whatever they could to eat?
RM: Oh, they just went around the hillsides themselves and off in them hollers. Move 'em from one holler to the other. I'd move 'em, sort 'em and bring some I was going to bring in. Along in August, the big ones going to sell, pasture them two or three weeks.
SB: Okay. When did they take all the cattle up to Spence Field?
RM: Oh, I'd say the first of May.
SB: Did sheep and horses go up all at the same time?
RM: Oh yeah. They'd take 'em all up, maybe a week or ten days going up there, but they'd go up, all up. That was when they opened, the first of May. The herder took charge of 'em.
FM: I thought they took them earlier.
RM: Well, they used to, but. . . . They took them the first of April, but I told you the weather got changed, they had to froze to death, nothing for 'em to eat up there..
SB: So they just waited because of the weather?
RM: Yeah, They used to plant corn all the time in this country in the first of March. Now they don't plant it till way up in April, I mean the last of March.
SB: Okay. When did they take the cattle down? The first of September?
RM: That's when they brought them off here, off of the Spence Place.
SB: Did they bring all the cattle down from the ridge at the same time? Did they bring them down from Gregory Ridge at the same time?
RM: Yeah. It was roundup time.
SB: And were they all taken to Knoxville then to be sold?
RM: No, the farmers took 'em home with 'em. Half of 'em they wanted to keep home, maybe they wanted to feed 'em, put 'em on feed, and sell 'em about the first of the year, the big ones.
SB: Where did you sell them when you sold them?
RM: Oh, sold 'em in Knoxville. Lot of 'em took 'em, shipped 'em to Baltimore, had enough of 'em to get a carload of 'em.
SB: So they drove the cattle from here to Knoxville?
RM: Oh yes.
SB: Did you ever go on any of those drives?
RM: Oh, I took 'em up, my daddy's cattle over there lots of times.
SB: How long did it take you to go from here to Knoxville with the cows?
RM: Oh, you leave, a day, you drive in a day.
SB: And then you'd spend a day coming back?
RM: Yeah. If you didn't get drunk.
SB: Were the cattle auctioned or did you sell them to a buyer?
RM: Oh, sell 'em to a pinhooker, auction 'em, sell them; either one you want, give 'em away . . .
SB: Okay. Who took their cows to Spence?
RM: Oh, Lord, I don't know. They come out of Sevier County, Knox County, Blount County, all these here counties.
SB: So how many different families, do you think?
RM: Oh, I wouldn't know.
SB: A hundred, two hundred?
RM: Oh, I wouldn't think that many, no.
SB: Thirty, forty families, maybe?
RM: Maybe fifty.
SB: Go through the part again about how they told the cattle apart. How did the families recognize whose cattle were whose?
RM: Well, the ears were marked different ways: swallow forks underbits, splits, ear splits . . .
SB: How did your father mark his?
RM: With a hog ring in each ear.
SB: Brass hog ring.
RM: Yeah.
SB: He was the only one in the whole mountains who did that?
RM: The only one I ever seen.
SB: Wasn't that more expensive than clipping their ears? Did they ever lose those rings?
RM: Why, Lord no. A steer with his ears cut all to pieces, he didn't look good. They wouldn't buy one for a feeder.
SB: So you could just pull those rings out again before you took them to market.
RM: Oh, just leave the rings in there. Wherever they went, whenever they butchered. . . . They didn't even flinch hardly when you snapped that hog ring in their ears.
SB: Did any of the cows have bells on them?
RM: Oh, Lord, my daddy belled every one of his'n.
SB: All the cows were belled.
RM: He put a bell on every one of 'em.
SB: Were all the cows at Spence Field belied?
RM: Oh no, no.
SB: Did some of the cows at Spence Field have bells?
RM: Oh, Lord, yes. Oh, I'd say over half of 'em was belled.
SB: What about the sheep?
RM: Oh, there'd be one or two out of a bunch belled.
SB: So what they'd do, each herd of sheep, they'd put maybe one bell on one sheep?
RM: Oh, no. They'd just . . . A man took twenty-five or thirty, he'd just put one bell on his'n; then they was marked too, just like the cattle.
SB: How many sheep, cattle, and horses were there in, say, the Spence Field area, between Little Bald and going up over Thunderhead, maybe not all the way down to Derrick?
RM: They run from the Russell Place down here, up below the Russell Field to the Derrick, and the bald in to the Tennessee River, a man had that from Gregory Bald to Tennessee River.
SB: Who were the herders up there?
RM: Well, the last one up there was Cable, Fonze Cable, but old Tom Sparks herded up there for years.
SB: How young was he when he started herding?
RM: I don't know. He was an old man when I was a boy.
SB: Did he ever tell you, did you ever meet him, or did he ever tell any stories about things that happened up there?
RM: Oh, yeah.
SB: Do you remember any of those?
RM: Yeah, I remember a lot of 'em.
SB: Got any good stories about things that happened on Spence Field when they were driving cattle up there?
RM: Well, this one . . . He (Tom Sparks) lived in Cades Cove. This is the best one . . . They come out of North Carolina over to Tennessee, get lost on Smoky Mountain, and he would come home every weekend, Saturday night, and go back Sunday night, Sunday evening. Go back Sunday night, and he was late a-gettin' goin' back, and hit a laurel thicket. He told me, he said he heard a fuss a-comin', never heard nothin' like it, said he'd stop and listen, kept goin' up till he met it, and there was a woman. Somebody brought her up there, and she had a six months old baby. Lost, and she couldn't find the way off. Finally found it off, it was dark. And he said, he told her, said, "Give me that baby," said, "Take hold of my shirt tail," says, "I'll take you back to the top of Smoky Mountain." Took her back. Greatest tale old Tom ever told me.
SB: What year do you think that happened in?
RM: Oh, I wouldn't know.
SB: Back Civil War time?
RM: Oh no. It was way since then. Tt was way since the Civil War. It's been 65, 75 years ago, I guess.
SB: It would be about 1900, maybe.
RM: Yeah. Maybe before. I never asked him when he was telling me what year it was.
SB: Did they ever lose any cattle up there? Some must have died during the summer.
RM: Oh yeah. Died and get killed by the lightning.
SB: They had a lot of lightning strikes?
RM: Oh several. Yeah, I've seen 'em killed.
SB: Large numbers at a time?
RM: Oh no. Three or four.
SB: Three or four? Did that happen every year?
RM: Oh yes.
SB: What about the sheep? Did they ever get struck by lightning?
RM: I never did see any sheep get struck by lightning. Horses sometimes would get killed, or I reckon somebody would steal 'em. They'd come up missing.
SB: So you figure somebody walked off with 'em. Did they ever catch anybody stealing horses, cattle, or sheep out of these woods up here?
RM: No, not in my lifetime, naw.
SB: Why was that? I'd think people would be stealing them.
RM: Well, I guess they do now, but not in my lifetime, not when I fooled with 'em. I looked after 'em.
SB: Who all stayed up there to herd them? Just one or two herders or a lot of 'em? How many people were up there total, usually?
RM: Just one, one herder. But going back into parts of North Carolina, this sawmill and that one, North Carolina and they'd stay there. Old Tom always had company. Always had a lot of beets. Old Tom told me I was the only man ever brought any thingup there to eat passing by.
SB: What did Boney forget to say?
FM: About what he done to the woman when he got her back up there.
RM: He said that he took the woman back to the top of Smoky. Well, he took her back to the cabin and let her stay all night, then she could come out in daylight.
FM: Show her the way off, the road.
SB: Got any more stories that the herder told you? Are there any about interesting things that happened on the balds, like on Spence or on Russell?
RM: Well, oh Lord, old Tom, feller killed old Tom up there.
SB: Really? What happened then?
RM: I don't know. It was a drunken racket, I reckon. Feller shot poor old Tom Sparks. That was before . . .
SB: What year was that?
RM: I don't know.
SB: Was it before World War I?
RM: Oh, I don't know that. I know I was a man. I don't know what year it was. It's been forty or fifty years ago.
SB: Well, it had to be before the Park was started, so maybe it was in the twenties. Did they have a still or something up around there?
RM: Oh, they made whiskey there all the time.
SB: At Spence Field.
RM: Somebody did, yeah. They didn't stay with old Tom. They had cabins in them hollers of their own, those whiskey makers.
SB: Were the whiskey makers' cabins way up on, way up on the hillsides, way up near Spence Field?
RM: Naw, they was down in them hollers, where there's water.
SB: So if somebody up there wanted to get drunk, they could do it anytime they wanted to.
RM: I reckon, if they had the money to pay for it.
SB: You were telling me about a little white steer of your father's who used to get into the mash.
RM: I don't know how I started in to tell you that. That still was up on the Middle Prong of the Little River, above Townsend. My Daddy had an old white stag he bought from some feller. He'd drink a fifty-gallon of mash every night. Drive him two miles from one holler to another, but he'd come back that night. They build a fence out of it around him; he couldn't get in to get to the mash, but he got good and fat. That liquor or mash made him fat.
SB: Let's go back to the number of cows. How many cows do you think there were on Spence Field? Did you say 1500 was about right? Or up through that whole area?
RM; Oh, I wouldn't know how to guess. I know two or three bunches brought over a hundred head at a time and the fellers would go up and take forty, fifty head at a time. I wouldn't know how to guess on the cattle. I never did ask. I've been there at rounding time at the gant lot. Had bullpens where the old bulls come in, put 'em in the bullpen, lay down the logs, keep 'em from tearing the fence down overnight.
SB: How many cattle did those pens hold, and where were they?
RM: Right on top of the mountain.
SB: They put them right on the open part of the field?
RM: Yeah.
SB: How did they do that? They just bring out a bunch of logs from the woods at the time they needed the pens, then take them down?
RM: Yeah. Split rails. Generally them old rails was there would last for five years.
SB: So they built the pens only when the cattle were up there. Or were the pens there all the time?
RM: Oh, the wind 'd blow 'em down in the winter time. They'd go, and they'd lay them back up. Maybe have to make more rails, cut poles.
SB: How big around were these pens?
RM: Oh, I wouldn't know. Couple of acres, an acre, anyway.
SB: So they just left the fencing out in the field and let the cattle graze in there?
RM: Wasn't nothing in there to graze. No water either. They'd eat it up, and some of them cattle stay in there for two or three days, and you'd have one to come in there and stay in there till the rest of 'em come. You wouldn't leave but just one head.
SB: So they'd go down in the woods and try to bring the cows in?
RM: Drive 'em in, yeah.
SB: And they'd drive 'em up on to Spence Field and up on to Russell Field?
RM: Yeah. I never was at the Russell Field roundup time.
SB: Did your father's cows get rounded up in that Spence Field roundup?
RM: No, no. Our cattle were down here on this Defeat Ridge.
Wasn't nobody's cattle down there but ours.
SB: So your cattle were all by themselves, and you just brought them in yourselves?
RM: By themselves, yeah.
SB: But you went and helped with the roundup at Spence Field?
RM: Oh, I went up to be with the gang. I liked to be up there.
SB: Did you all get drunk at the roundup too?
RM: No, I never did get drunk.
SB: How old were you when you first started going up to the roundup at Spence Field?
RM: Oh, I don't know.
SB: Fourteen? Fifteen?
RM: Oh, I was older than that. I'd say I was, eighteen or nineteen.
SB: How many people went tc that roundup? Lots?
RM: Everybody that had cattle. And they'd take drivers with 'em to help 'em drive 'em home.
SB: So that's what, a couple of hundred people, maybe?
RM: Oh, I don't know, no, not that many. Old Man MacMahan out of Sevier County brought a hundred head every year, and old Pete Sarrat out of Sevier County brought a hundred head every year. Old MacMahan had white faced cattle. Feller out of North Carolina had some strays, said it was his, his mark. It was his marked. He didn't think about hog rings. He rode up just about the time Sparks (unintelligible) getting his out to leave. Old Man Sparks aheard he was arguing with him. He asked old man MacMahan, he says, "Is that not your steer?" He said he looked like it. He says, "Run him in that bull pen." Says, "Catch him there, Roy." Took his ears by the thumb and his initials in there. Sparks looked at Calhoun and said, "When did you start spelling your name with an 'M'?" Yeah. Old man . . . That's the first one I'd ever seen marked in his ear. They got it that the last years, though, had a machine to put your initials in his ear. He had to wet his thumb and rub the wax off that old steer's ear.
SB: It was tattooed, was it?
RM: No. They got some kind of machine like this here . . .
SB: So back to the numbers. How many cattle, total? Fifteen hundred, maybe, and that many sheep?
RM: Oh, I wouldn't know. Why, Lord, yeah. Hogs, sheep, horses, and cattle.
SB: How many horses, about?
RM: Oh, I wouldn't know. Fifty or seventy-five mules and horse colts.
SB: Yearlings mostly up there?
RM: Yeah, and two-year-olds. They never took no yearlings.
SB: Did the herder have a dog?
RM: Oh yes, he had a dog.
SB: Was it a herding dog or just a dog for company?
RM: Dog for company and a cat for company.
SB: Did he have any chickens or anything up there?
RM: No.
SB: No chickens. How many hogs were there up there?
RM: Oh, I wouldn't know how many hogs. Them hogs stayed up there all winter, part of 'em.
SB: Stayed right up around Spence Field and in the forests around there?
RM: Off in them hollers. And them fellers out of Cades Cove go up and feed 'em come a snow.
SB: What would they feed them with?
RM: Corn.
SB: They'd feed 'em corn?
RM: Yeah, but they'd eat chestnuts and acorns.
SB: So they'd just leave 'em up on the mountain?
RM: Yeah.
SB: When did they butcher, usually? Did they butcher in the fall?
RM: Oh, yeah. They'd bring 'em . . . Got big enough . . . Like these wild hogs, how many of them do you guess is in the Park?
SB: Don't know. Couple of thousand, maybe. They're just getting over into Cataloochee about. They haven't gone all the way up into the Carolina side . . .
RM: Finally take this Park over.
SB: Yeah, they're just about to finish up this year.
RM: Government ain't got sense enough to know how to get rid of 'em.
SB: Nope. We were talking about burning before. We were talking about fires. Did they ever burn Spence or Russell or Gregory that you ever remember?
RM: I don't know whether them balds . . . I know they never was burned. There wasn't nothing there to burn.
SB: The grass was clipped down too short by the grazing?
RM: Them sheep and horses'd eat it up.
SB: So they didn't burn in the fall, and they didn't burn in the spring before they brought up the cattle, did they?
RM: Naw. They burnt it in the fall to pick up chestnuts. Burn the leaves so they could see chestnuts.
SB: So they burned the chestnut and oak forests just real light so you get a ground fire that would burn off those leaves?
RM: Why, you take it where ther's chestnuts, and where there wasn't no chestnuts . . . You set the mountains afire, it didn't just burn where the chestnuts was. It burnt the whole durn thing.
SB: Did it burn down in these coves?
RM: Oh, yes.
SB: Did it burn down in the ones that weren't cut over, like on the Butler tract? You know those real wet areas down at the bottom with the big hemlocks? Did those burn?
RM: Oh yeah. Burnt everywhere. Got dry . . .
SB: That had to be a ground fire was it? Just a fire through the laurel? In those low coves?
RM: Why, you take it, and it's right dry. Some man set a match to it, couldn't put it out, wind a-blowin'. That March wind a-blowin' sent it from one ridge to another, under your feet. You'd better be runnin'.
SB: Do you remember any real big fires up on the ridges up here? Like on Gregory Ridge or up that way?
RM: Oh Lord yeah. I knowed it up here at the Blowdown. Had all them CCC's out of North Carolina and Tennessee, too, a-fightin' that fire.
SB: Did you fight that fire?
RM: Oh, I was a-workin' for the government then. Yeah, I went.
SB: Was that a real hot fire?
RM: Oh, hot. Didn't know how to fight it, but that's another thing the government didn't know how to do. I told 'em the way they was fightin' it . . . I'd just set the whole thing afire and send it to North Carolina.
SB: Where did that fire start? Do you know?
RM: Oh, I don't know. Somebody set it out, throwed out a match to see it burn.
SB: What year was that?
RM: Thirty-six, wasn't it, Mother? When I was up there fightin' that fire. It was before I went to work for the (Alcoa) plant in thirty-six. Thirty-six, when North Carolina and Tennessee was full of them peckerwoods. Peckerwood army, CCC's.
SB: How big was that fire?
RM: Aw, I don't know how big it was, how many acres. It burnt over the whole mountains.
SB: Do you know how far it went from east to west, north to south?
RM: No I don't. I know the government men all come out of Washington. So you're ain't never goin' to show this to a government man?
SB: No.
RM: They brought pumps down here, pumps you could carry on your back in five-gallon cans, hoses. It'd pump water five hundred feet up, take a barrel up there to water out the stumps before the fire was done burned over and gone.
SB: Do you remember any big fires earlier than that, like when you were a boy? In the early nineteen hundreds or twenties?
RM: I know one where this West Prong burned up. I don't know which year it was. I guess about 1908 or 1909, wasn't it.
SB: They just let that fire burn? They didn't try to fight it?
RM: They didn't try to fight it.
SB: That had already been cut over, so that was a fire on logging slash, was it?
RM: Goin' up that river, every flat place they hit, they built a bridge for a train to go over. The steel was took up. They left them old strainers and pens up there, and they burnt them all down. Killed all the fish in the West Prong. The railroad was there. The steelers took it up; it was done.
SB: That was after they finished cutting. Were you working for the logging company then?
RM: No.
SB: They logged the West Prong first, and then they logged up around above Elkmont later?
RM: West Prong first, then the East next, and wound up on the Middle Prong.
SB: And then the Park was started and that was the end of that?
RM: Oh, the Park here was quarrelin' about it before they got into Elkmont.
SB: That was Townsend who ran that logging company, was it?
RM: Little River Lumber Company. Oh, they first come here talking about the Park. The company didn't want them to come, and they sent government men here and said they were going to take a mile from the top of the mountain down. Then they finally settled, and they come down 300 feet from the top and cut everything below there. Then the government went ahead to look at it. They'd just go back up . . .
SB: But they left the beech forest on the top of the ridge, didn't they? Near Silers Bald?
RM: Well, them little beeches were up there so high they weren't big enough to pay 'em to get 'em.
SB: So they went up as high as they could get, but they stopped when they got to that stunted timber.
RM: Might have been some of those little old beeches up there curlywood now. Some man knows what a curlywood tree was . . .
SB: What's a curlywood tree?
RM: It's curlywood. I don't know 'em, but I've helped load one of them.
FM: Well, was it beech, or what?
RM: All kinds of trees go curly in these mountains. A feller from Johnson City come here, helped 'em with a carload of curlywood. And they're gone, going to Indianapolis to factories. He'd go in these mountains and cut those curly trees and bring 'em down there and hire some feller with a team to drag 'em on down and take 'em, three or four carloads. They knowed what a curly tree was. I wouldn't know looking at it, but he did. He had two boys.
SB: What did they do with that wood?
RM: What wood?
SB: The curly wood.
RM: Shipped it to Indianapolis.
SB: What did they make out of it?
RM: Oh, furniture, put it over furniture.. Bought a buckeye board, and they'll . . . Like a cigarette paper, curly wood on the outside of it, before they got rich.
SB: Back to the cows. You were telling me before what the cows were eating. What did the cows eat during the summer and early spring? What did they eat in the early spring when you put them out early down in the hollows?
RM: Well, lamb's tongue, crow's foot, rich wheat. Come up early kind of like a wild onion, and it died down when hot weather come.
SB: I don't think I know those.. What kind of flower did they have on them?
RM: Oh yeah. Shut that thing down, and I'll tell you about flowers.
SB: You don't want to tell me about flowers with the recorder on?
RM: I betcha there ain't a government person workin' for 'em that ever seen 'em. Shut it down.
SB: Okay. Do cattle eat wild asters?
RM: You never did hear me talkin' about wild asters. They'd eat ivy in the spring of the year and get poisoned and die. in the spring of the year. Take the young 'uns out there, and come the snow or bad weather, and they'd eat the ivy.
SB: Poison ivy?
RM: Just that old mountain ivy.
SB: You were telling me they'd eat jewel weed, touch-me-not?
RM: Wild touch-me-not. Oh, yeah. They'd eat 'em, but they wouldn't eat 'em, not till up to last of July or August.
SB: Somebody told me hogs like touch-me-not, too.
RM: I never did see a hog that eat anything that you'd feed him.
SB: So they'd eat touch-me-not. Up on the balds, the sheep stayed up on Thunderhead?
RM: Oh sheep up on Thunderhead. That's where they'd stay, up there on them balds. The sheep didn't hit the hollers. He'd stay up where there's grass.
SB: So the sheep stayed mostly up where there was grass, and the cows came down into the hollows. And the horses stayed up with the sheep?
RM: Oh, the horses stayed on them balds too. Of course the sheep never let off them balds but to go down them hollers to get water.
SB: So what about at a place like Sheep Pen Gap. Were there any sheep pens there?
RM: Before my time. I don't know how come they call it that I'd like to know why they call this gap Crib Gap going to Cades Cove.
SB: What's that supposed to be called?
RM: I don't know how come they'd got the name. They say it's on that map. See if it's on that map. Shut this thing out and tell her.
SB: Tell me about the Drawer Gap.
RM: Well, I don't think it's on the map.
SB: I don't think it is. I don't think I've ever seen that one before. Where's Drawer Gap?
RM: It's up here on the Middle Prong.
SB: Oh yeah?
RM: It's changed the name.
SB: How did it get its name "Drawer Gap?"
RM: Can you not find Chestnut Flats, Eden Garden?
SB: No, this map's not of a scale to show it.
RM: Well, I'll tell you about it. Along that prong that timber is all growed up in briars and everything. Cattle was through there. I went over Devils Nest and started a bunch of cattle and was drivin' 'em through the long holler. Had on them old BVD underwear. You know they had rubber back there and got hanging loose. Them cattle found a way there before I knew there was a cut through there. I was a young man. They'd drop down. I couldn't walk. I just pulled 'em off and hung 'em in a bush. I told the fellers how to go through there after they'd growed up. They seen my drawers hanging there and called it Drawer Gap. Harry said it's on the map. He seen it on the map.
SB: It may be on one of these others. I'd have to look on the quad sheet and see if I can find it.
RM: But they've changed so many of these gaps. Don't know nothin' about 'em, and they changed 'em. There's an old deer stand out here.
SB: Yes, Mollies Butt is on that map. How did Mollies get its name?
RM: I'd like to know how. I've been on Mollies Butt a hundred times.
SB: What about Holy Butt. That's another one. I've seen on the map. How did that get its name? It's over somewhere Elkmont. There's a ridge over there called Holy Butt.
RM: I'd like to see one of them maps of the Smoky Mountains. I'd like to see the names of them ridges out from Thunderhead towards the Derrick.
SB: Thunderhead towards Derrick?
RM: Yeah, them ridges run all to North Carolina.
SB: Okay. Thunderhead to Derrick. There it is. There's Thunderhead. The first ridge over there is called Devils Courthouse. Not too many marked. There's Devils Ridge, Davis Ridge, Chimney Rocks. It's got some of the creeks marked on it Deerhobble, Shut-in Creek, Starkey Creek, Devils Branch, Churnhole, Long Branch.
RM: Those towards North Carolina. One of them ridges from Thunderhead down towards the Derrick.
SB: On the North Carolina side there's Meadow Gap, Saddle Back, Chestnut Ridge, Blockhouse Mountain, De Armond Ridge. Do you want to see the map, Boney?
RM: The ridges. Shut this thing off, and I'll tell you about the ridges.
RM: When they settled up in North Carolina, now I've been told this; I don't know if it was so. And they wanted to make a road over it. Now they all met, what few of them there was. Some of them wanted to come down that Defeat Ridge, and some of them wanted to come down the Bote Mountain, but the Bote Mountain carried. The name of it was originally Vote Mountain; I guess that's right. The other mountain over there is the Defeat. They just changed the name of this one to Bote. I guess Vote Mountain is the right name for it. That was all, oh how many years. That's what the old people told me.
SB: Did any of the cattle, or sheep on the ridge ever get attacked by bears or panthers?
RM: Oh yeah.
SB: Did you have a lot of trouble with bears?
RM: Oh, not much. Bears killed 'em.
SB: How often did that happen? What could you do to keep the bears away from them?
RM: There wasn't many bears there. It took an awful big 'un to kill a calf. People hunted them and got fat and killed and ate them. I never did like them. My daddy brought some up there on this Timber Ridge. Jim Burns, oh, up in the summer time, he had eight or ten. He come down here and wanted to sell 'em to Dad, and Dad bought 'em. They were just three and four hundred pound steers. Bears killed one of 'em and it caught another one. Bear claws on his back. Guess he tried to catch him first, but he got away from him, and he grabbed another.
SB: Were there ever any panthers up there then, or were they all shot out by that time?
RM: I've heard old people tell me this here, but I never did see one.
SB: Never saw tracks or never heard one?
RM: I've heard things hollerin' in the mountains, but I never knew what it was. I know a dog wouldn't run it. Come around the cabinI had some Plott dogs, they wouldn't run it. Had an old spotted dog I bought in North Carolina; he'd run it. The others wouldn't run it. I don't know if it was a wildcat or panther or what.
SB: They never bothered the sheep or the cattle up on Spence, at least in your memory?
RM: The wolves used to bother them on Spence Place before I can remember.
SB: So did you ever hear old Sparks talking about that?
RM: Yeah.
SB: What did he say about the wolves and bears up there?
RM: Oh, he said them wolves up there got to killin' the sheep. They all come up there and kill one. Get an old mother and said she had young 'uns. Three or four, I won't say which. They hunted for 'em and couldn't find 'em. Said there were two young that died. That's the only one he'd ever knowed of 'em killin' 'em.
SB: When was that?
RM: Oh, I don't have no idea.
SB: That would have been in the 1880's, 1890's, maybe?
RM: Maybe 1890's.
SB: And maybe that was the last wolf up there.
RM: That was the last one I'd ever heard of bein' up there.
SB: Was that the last one ever, probably, in the Park?
RM: How's that?
SB: Were there any other sightings or killings that you heard about since then?
RM: No. These wildcats, a lot of people would call them a wolf. Some of those wild cats could be pretty mean.
SB: Bobcats, you mean?
RM: I never heard them called a bobcat. I've always heard them called a wildcat. Them bobcats were a short tailed cat.
SB: Right. So what's a wildcat?
RM: Well, I don't know what the end of them was like. Like a copperhead snake. I've talked to many a man in the country was been in the Civil War. Some of them say a colperhead snake has his tail in a keen point, the others say it was a blunt tail, so I've never seen a copperhead to know of.
SB: Were there any disease problems with the cattle up on the balds?
RM: Oh no, I never heard of that foot and mouth disease till they seen it in the paper where they just killed 'em years ago and put 'em in a ditch. My daddy had a steer one time I guess had mouth disease.
SB: Did they ever get the trembles? Did they ever just lie down and not be able to stand?
RM: Used to be that in the Smoky Mountains. Called it milk sick. Nobody knew what it was.
SB: Oh, it's probably caused by eating white snakeroot, the plant up there with the white flowers on it. Blooms in the summer.
RM: That's what caused it? Did you ever see anybody that drank the milk from a cow runnin' out and had that disease? I know a man who'd look like he had St. Vitus's dance like that, and when he was a boy, the cows run out in North Carolina.
SB: They got milk sickness, and he got it?
RM: Now, what you said it was?
SB: White Snakeroot. They eat the white snakeroot.
RM: Looks like they'd all have it then.
SB: Yes. That's what I don't understand. I've heard people tell me that the reason that they grazed the cows up high was because they'd eat too much white snakeroot down low, but there's as much white snakeroot up on that mountain as there is down in the valley.
RM: Now, I've been here on Smoky Mountain, and I've seen three steers with milk sickness. Every one of them that found their way down the North Carolina side, I forget what cove it was. You drive 'em down and they go to get hot, and the last one I've seen was a feller name of Pete Sarrat of Sevier County. Got about a mile down from the top of the gant lot, and they got to walking stiff legged, and I told him he'd better stop that steer. Oh, he said he had to take 'em home. He didn't go farther than that little store, and just walked out there and laid down there and died. They got hot. It didn't seem to bother them till it got hot. That's the last one I ever seen with the milk sickness. But the cattle are just like humans. They die once in a while, and nobody knows what's wrong with 'em.
SB: How many do you think they lost every year?
RM: Oh, I wouldn't have no idea. Some of them got lost. Somebody stole 'em, I guess, on the North Carolina side. My daddy told me on at the Derrick, he took his cattle up there before he ever got to takin' out of there, I guess before I was born. In the May that he took salt up there, took so many pounds of salt for every steer, and this was back when old John Gregory was herding up there, before old Dave. And he asked him, "Where's my cattle at?" and he told them some was out, and old John called, said there was a white steer and a Jersey heifer come up. Old Shields says, "That Jersey heifer belongs to us . . .
(end of side of tape)
SB: How much were you getting for your steers driven over the mountains?
RM: Oh, three cents was a good price a pound. World War I bought for ten cents. I think they brought about ten and a half cents the next year and that was when I quit foolin' with 'em. Forty, fifty cents her last year, I heard. If I'd have had that, I'd have been a millionaire three or four times when I drove over them mountains.
SB: What kind of cattle did you keep? Herefords? Whatever you had?
RM: Well, we finally got to keeping Durham cattle. There was an old stock of cattle here called the Red Devil when I was a boy. Then they got the Durham and then the whiteface come next and then the Angus cattle.
SB: What was this Red Devil like? What did that cow look like?
RM: He was a heavy-bodied steer, short horns. I don't know whatever come of it. I think that's where they got the Angus. I know they breed that one. I've seen two or three of 'em that was as red as blood.
SB: There weren't any fences up on those balds, were there?
RM: Oh no. They just went where they'd please. And now the government's dug all of them trails all through the mountains, and a man couldn't take a bunch of cattle up there and never been a man. . . . The government doesn't have enough men in the army to keep a hundred head up there.
SB: What do they do? They head right back on down the trails?
RM: Just hit that trail.
SB: Did anyone ever cut up there? Like cut at Spence Field or out at Russell?
RM: Cut hay?
SB: No. Cut wood. Do you remember when Russell was cleared?
RM: Oh no. Nobody else don't. It always was a bald. I guess they don't know. Been down here across the river, Tellico Plains. There's a Stratton Bald. Oh, I've heard them talk about them balds as the same as here.
SB: Do you remember anyone doing any cutting on the bald edges to keep them open, like cutting any blackberries or cutting any small trees, killing any saplings?
RM: They'd cut 'em for wood.
SB: What size trees did they cut for wood?
RM: Oh, not too big. Cut 'em in the summer time as big as your thigh, drag it down, chop 'em up. They wouldn't cut 'em too big.
SB: Did they leave the larger trees standing, then, and cut the smaller ones in between?
RM: Just cut them down. There wasn't too many big ones up there on top.
SB: Did they cut away from the edges?
RM: Wherever they had a cabin, that's where (unintelligible).
SB: Where did they cut logs for the cow pens?
RM: Oh, just cut 'em around there and carry 'em.
SB: Just any old place around the bald?
RM: Yeah. Split rails. Cut a tree down, split it, and make rails.
SB: So Russell was always clear as long as you can remember?
RM: Oh yes. Russell and Thunderhead out at the Derrick.
SB: Derrick is just about closed up now.
RM: Growed up. How long has it been since you was up there?
SB: I was up there two months ago.
RM: The bald's all filled up with bushes, is it?
SB: There's trees all over Derrick. There's hardly a bald there at all now.
RM: How big a bushes are they?
SB: Small pole yellow birch about four inches across all over the place.
RM: I don't know. Maybe the Indians might have cut them balds in time. I don't know. They might have raised corn there.
SB: Do you think the soil's that good?
RM: Why yeah. Take this bottom right over here. Right out there where them houses is. I've picked up many a glass bead that the Indians made. Had one of these old drag harrows, made 'em ourselves. Drag them old disc harrows, they kind of kept the ground level. You could pick up Indian beads, arrows. Called it flint rock on the area where'd they'd shot the deer. But they got cuttin' harrows and big plows and turned 'em in so you hardly ever find 'em.
SB: Did you ever find any arrowheads or any Indian pottery up on the balds?
RM: No.
SB: Never any arrowheads up there?
RM: I never did hear of it. Them Indians stayed where there was water. They might have been up there in time. How many different tribes of Indians are there in the United States?
SB: I don't know.
RM: I've heard there was twenty-eight different tribes.
SB: There might have been more than that. On the balds, then, the cows just grazed on that grass real low. Did they ever eat any shrubs or young trees?
RM: Yeah, they'd eat leaves.
SB: Which ones did they like to eat?
RM: Oh, I don't know. I've seen them eat leaves and little bushes. I never did pay no attention to what kind they was gettin' it off of.
SB: Did they eat serviceberries at all?
RM: I don't know.
SB: Did they eat azaleas? Will cows eat mountain laurel and azaleas?
RM: No. They won't eat it. One that's never been out there and bit that ivy goin' up in the spring, he'd get a bunch of it and get sick. He'd starve to death before he'd eat it. The young ones that never been in the mountains get hungry, they'd eat it. That's ones that get poisoned.
SB: What about blueberry bushes? Do cows eat blueberry bushes at all?
RM: Oh, I don't know whether they would or not. Guess they would.
SB: Then they ate lots of little shrubs and trees.
RM: Oh, yes, and the mountains, the weeds grow up in the summertime. They'd eat them and the touch-me-nots.
SB: Do you remember the different weeds that they were eating in the summer?
RM: No. I don't pay no attention to 'em. All kinds of 'em. All those flowers I was tellin' you about a while ago. I'd like to see somebody that would have told me the name of them. They was thick. There was a weed that come up like a poke. But they never did come back no more.
SB: All around up here was sort of more open in those days than it is now. There were blackberries in your pastures?
RM: On the mountain? Oh yes. Goin' up to Bote Mountain here I went with a ranger, oh, fifteen years ago, and I couldn't see where the Defeat, Eve's Garden Branch, Chestnut Flats Branch, Devil's Nest Branch was. We went up the laurel in a jeep. Growed up, them pines. I told him when I was back 25 years old, I'd come out there some night with an axe, I'd cut 'em down. They kept 'em cut down. Goin' up and down the Bote Mountain, you could see the Defeat, see every holler over there, and now you can't see 'em. I ain't been there fifteen years up that Bote Mountain.
SB: You can't see anything now. In the winter you can see just a little bit between the trees. But you can't see all until you get up to Spence Field, and even then you can't see the Tennessee side well until you actually get right on top of Thunderhead. North Carolina side you can still see good from Spence Field.
RM: Where do you have to get on Old Smoky to see the lake?
SB: Oh, the lake. Fontana?
RM: Yeah, Fontana. Out to Thunderhead?
SB: You can see it from Thunderhead; you can see it a little bit from Spence; you can see it a little bit from Silers. Can't see it from Derrick.
RM: Well, when did whats-his-name fly the ocean?
SB: Lindbergh?
RM: Lindenberg.
SB: What was it? 1929?
RM: I don't know, somewhere in the twenties. But where was that wife? He went to meet that wife and married her down there. He was a-courtin' her.
SB: New Jersey? Didn't she come from New Jersey?
RM: No. She lived somewhere (unintelligible). Her daddy was a general or something in the army down here. Some of these islands somewhere. Now this brother of mine, died here last, almost a year ago. He was on Smoky Mountain with Fonze Cable and he said that airplane came over there, wasn't a hundred feet high. Said he come around Thunderhead right out the Spence Place. The sun was down. It wasn't dark, but it was gettin' dark. He said him and Fonze run out there, just him and Fonze was there and looked at that airplane. He was up there day or two and come in, and was tellin' about Lindenberg flyin', goin' to see his wife. He wasn't married to her. All they also said of Lindenberg that (unintelligible.).
SB: Probably was. He was probably flying over the mountains.
RM: Did you ever see his plane?
SB: Pardon?
RM: Did you ever see Lindenberg's plane that he flew the ocean in?
SB: It's in the Smithsonian in Washington. I think I've seen it. Spirit of St. Louis?
RM: Looks like a wheelbarrow, don't it.
SB: Yeah, it does, I guess. I don't think I'd want to fly across the Atlantic in that plane.
RM: Oh, it looks better than a wheel barrow, all them little wires. Looks like sixty-six holding the wings up.
SB: Boney, was there anything built on the grass balds aside from the herder's cabin and those pens? Is that all that was up there that was a structure?
RM: Oh no. No cabins up on the mountains. They was always down in the hollers where there was water.
SB: So the herders stayed in huts or tents or . . .?
RM: Oh, they had a log cabin, Old Tom Sparks had a good log house there. Two rooms to it. Wasn't very big. Had a fire place where he cooked over the fire. It was about as wide as this and I don't know how much longer. And he.. . . . One room was the bedroom. When he took that woman up there, she had to have something to eat for breakfast. Old Tom had to put the oven on, make her corn bread and some coffee. Fried her some meat. Old Tom said she went to sleep. He woked her up, a-settin' on that chair holdin' that baby while he got his supper. He waked her up, said she ate, said, "There's the bed. You take the baby and go to bed," says, "I'll go over and sleep here before the fire." Oh, I bet that, I'll bet . .
SB: So there was just a nice cabin. Was it down by the spring on the Carolina side?
RM: On the Carolina side, yeah. You know where that spring is?
SB: Well, there are two of them. The big one is when you come up Bote Mountain now and if you go off to the, sort of towards the right and go back over the bald, that's where the big spring is. There's where the shelter is, down there.
RM: They've got a new one out further towards Thunderhead, haven't they?
SB: Yeah, they've got two, one more towards Thunderhead and then one by the big spring. I think they may have, I'm not sure if they tore one of them down or not. They may have, but they had two cabins. Were they the only buildings up there? Did he have any outbuildings up there? Did he have any outbuildings or . . .?
RM: No.
SB: He had nothing except that cabin?
RM: That cabin.
SB: No fence or anything around it?
RM: No, not a thing in the world. Only fence there was as around, oh Tom he cleared up a patch about as big as this house right at the back and out of the woods and planted cabbages. The biggest cabbage heads that ever I've seen was up there.
I can remember I come out from North Carolina one time and met him out comin' around from Bone Valley towards Thunderhead, and he was coming from Thunderhead oh, about twelve o'clock. He went down there and (unintelligible) over in the course of (unintelligible) cabin. He made corn bread and put it in the oven and went out there and got a cabbage head and drenched it and just quartered it and put it in a big iron kettle and got about two pounds of butter and put it on. I thought it was the best meal I ever eat. That corn bread and more cabbage . . .
SB: He didn't have any milk cows up there, did he?
RM: No. Rarely, rarely. Lord, he wouldn't fool with milk. I wouldn't fool with a milk cow up there either.
SB: Not even. . . . So he didn't have any milk up there at all. Just corn bread and cabbage. And what else did he eat?
RM: Whatever he could carry up, beans or one thing or another.
SB: Did he ever hunt up on the top there?
RM: Oh, Tom (unintelligible) bear huntin'. Old Tom would be up there. (unintelligible) and chestnuts. He killed them bears.
SB: You used to go bear hunting, did you?
RM: Oh yeah. I'd go up there and see two kettles on the fireplace all the time for bear meat.
SB: You used to cook bear meat, did you? You were telling me about Walker who. . . . Was Walker the one that was drinking the bear grease?
RM: Oh yeah. Bob Walker. He lived down here at Walland. Old Bob's been dead ten or fifteen years. Yeah. Old Bob was there and the kettles didn't have no lid on 'em, just hung right on the fire and cooked all day and night. Ash would blow up on them, dust. . . . Old Bob Walker come in, grabbed a pint cup and just skimmed them up. Put a pint cup in there and drank a pint of bear grease.
SB: He didn't put it on his shoes, he drank it?
RM: Didn't do what?
SB: He didn't put it on his shoes, he drank it?
RM: Drank it. Turn off that recorder and I'll tell you what it done for him, too.
SB: What did it do for him?
RM: I don't know what it done. In about a week every time you'd see him, his pants looked like he'd set in water. Went through him, I reckon.
Bob was the best hunter was ever in these mountains. He was a young feller, Bob was about seven or eight years older than me. Bob called one of them old gobblers up in the spring of the year where they hunted for him, and he shot at him, and Bob, he killed it. Called him up, he could just gobble just like a turkey. He found one of them hens too, he killed 'em. Them old turkeys in the spring of the year when they go to gobblin', go to baitin', hear one gobble. Old Bob, he'd get in earshot before he could see he was comin', he'd gobble just like it only hardly as loud. He'd gobble again, and old Bob would gobble again a little louder, and he'd be right up on old Bob, old Bob would kill it. Only man I ever heard who could gobble like a turkey. You couldn't tell him from a turkey.
SB: He was a bear hunter too, though?
RM: Oh, bear hunter. Bob hunted for bears. One out here on the middle prong of the river, crossed over to the Defeat side, crossed the river comin' over on to Bote Mountain to get chestnuts. Crossed a big log across the river. Everybody'd come very evening, wait, couldn't get it. Old Bob told me he wet his thumb, see which way the air was moving, said the air was goin' from him, here he come. Killed him. Them bears used to be very wild. They'd wind you quarter of a mile. You couldn't get to 'em. Now they're thicker than the . . . Catch a dog, would kill one back then.
SB: Do you think there are a lot more bears now than there were then?
RM: Oh Lord yeah.
SB: What about the turkeys. There are not many turkeys now. Did they sort of disappear after the chestnut die-out?
RM: Oh, the turkeys was hunted out, killed out.
SB: They were hunted out.
RM: Turkey . . . Killed a turkey in the spring of the year, you had to go get yourself a mess of ramps to eat before you could eat. You know, what these ramps are, don't you? Grows in the mountain. You ought to go get yourself a mess of ramps and then go get you a dozen eggs, bring 'em over here and boil them eggs.
SB: Oh I like ramps cooked with eggs. That's really good.
RM: Well, what I'm going to tell you: boil them eggs and not eat any ramp. Cut one of them eggs open, then you'll eat your ramp. You'll have to eat the ramp so you can eat the egg. (unintelligible) turkey, on the mountain, kill a wild turkey, cook it, if you eat ramps first before you eat it, it just tastes like ramps.
SB: Were there any moonshiners back in there in those days.
RM: Oh yeah. They made whiskey ever since. . . . Carr's Creek over here was the worst place for whiskey. They made it over there, and I guess they're makin' it yet over there.
SB: They were making it in the Park, too, back in those days. In fact, they probably were after the Park was started even.
RM: Oh, they made it up here in Walker's Valley, up there at the Stillhouse Branch goin' up above Walker's Valley to Tremont. The Stillhouse Branch. That still stayed in service there for ten years. Five years anyway. I don't know how long it was.
SB: How big was that still?
RM: Oh, it was 75 gallons, I guess. Used to make it when they doubled it and singled it. They had it in a 90 and a 30 gallon, before they ever used this thump cask. Put it in a 90 gallon and run it off and then put it in a 30 gallon. That's what they called it, doubled it and singled it. That was the only way to make whiskey.
SB: Did your family ever make whiskey?
RM: No. My old granddaddy did but back years ago, before the Civil War. Wasn't ever a tax (unintelligible.). They put a tax on whiskey to pay the Civil War debt.
SB: I'm not sure. There may have been a tax on it in some places before that. I remember there was a whiskey rebellion sometime around the War of 1812. I don't think back in the Civil War times anyone could get back into these valleys to collect a tax if there was one. They would have had a hard time.
RM: (unintelligible) over in Millers Cove, during the Civil War went on the Union side, what few was left.
SB: Most of the people from around here were Union during the Civil War?
RM: Oh yeah, Union yet. All the old settlers. What few didn't go, they had to scoutin' around, and bushwhackers come over here from North Carolina and steal everything they had. Steal their horses and everything they had.
SB: Who were the bushwhackers?
RM: I don't know who they were. They were from North Carolina and come over here. My granddaddy on my mother's side over here in Wears Cove goin' over to Line Springs, you been over that road? They come over here and stole his horses and he was about 16 years old, and they went up there and stole what they could in Wears Cove, and he hid in that gap, killed 'em there, shot 'em, run 'em off, and he caught a mule, a five-year-old mule, and he hid it out in that holler, and old Uncle Dan, his brother, took it up in the holler and fed it there till the war was over. Bring her down and made a crop and (unintelligible) for him and take it up there and have it hid up there in a laurel thicket, hid his mule. They had a fight right up here at Beth El Church.
SB: Really?
RM: Yeah, and they killed one of 'em, one of them bushwhackers, and up there where (unintelligible)'s place is. That's where my granddaddy lived. My grandmother knit him, or someone did, a pair of socks. They were in his pocket and they buried him up at this graveyard, and granddaddy's socks, put 'em on him. Never did know who he was.
SB: Well, I think it's probably time to call it quits.
End of tape.
Transcribed by William Morgan, Christina Dombrowski, and Mary Lindsay.
Last Updated: 07-Mar-2008


text:
Team Hair and Makeup
6 total reviews
- 1
Wedding: 8/2/2013
My hair & makeup was amazing. Mar is extremely talented & made me look like a million bucks!
Wedding: 5/4/2013
I am so happy with the work Rachel at TEAM did for our wedding!!! She did my hair and make-up, my sister's make-up, and our niece's hair. I've always admired the work on TEAM's web site, so when I couldn't find anyone I liked in Phoenix, I figured it was worth reaching out to them. I called them 24 days before our wedding, and thankfully, Rachel was available! Since it was a destination wedding, I was concerned about her travel arrangements and finding the best rate, but TEAM takes care of all the travel for one set price. It took the stress off of me, which I appreciated! Since I was going to be in Santa Barbara, we scheduled the trial at their studios (although I had the option of doing it in Scottsdale the day before the wedding). Rachel and I went through several pictures of styles I liked and we came up with two options to trial. While I was set on an exact style, Rachel gently persuaded me to try something a little different. Thank goodness! The way she suggested looked totally better, and she did it in a way that didn't offend me. During the trial, she took careful notes and a ton of pictures so she could recreate the looks on the wedding day. She took her time and made sure I was happy with everything. On the wedding day, she showed up 10 minutes early to ensure she was set up in time to start our services. Throughout the process, she was patient with everyone and had a very calming presence (the last thing we needed was added stress that day). My sister and niece looked amazing, and I LOVED my hair and make-up! I received so many compliments on my hair! Rachel did a wonderful job, and I would definitely work with her again in the future. I would HIGHLY recommend her for your wedding day or any special occasion!
Wedding: 10/6/2012
I had Rachel for my consultant and she was AMAZING. Just really got the look I was going for and was so fun to work with. I got a lot of compliments that though my look was different I still looked like me and not too "made up." I would highly recommend using TEAM!
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Very expensive but the make-up lasted for everyone and looked stunning. It was a bit hard to work with them as it was more-what they wanted to do because they are the experts versus my needs,but everyone turned out stunning.
Wedding: 11/11/2011
Jenny was wonderful. She made myself and the bridal party look stunning but natural.
Wedding: 10/1/2011
I can't say enough good things about Team Hair & Makeup in Santa Barbara. They made my wedding day my most beautiful day ever :) Mar is amazing-- cool person to have around on your big day, really listens to what you want to look like, amazingly talented when it comes to hair and makeup.
- 1
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text:
To be clear, I'm not interested in a haircut, but I've gotta tell you, Miss Lynda would never do me like this.
Ryan's grooming technique is undignified at best.
He says maybe if I was more careful and didn't load up my belly with knots this wouldn't be necessary.
I guess I'll just forgo all the joy in life and sit quietly on my bed with my feet crossed to avoid any chance of tangles.
Knot. Not.


text:
The Village
Please feel free to download a free pdf booklet
Around about Rothbury
Don't forget It
includes advertisements by local businesses as
well as articles of interest to the community.
Don't forget
It includes advertisements by local businesses as well as articles of interest to the community.
Heritage Trail
A Short History of Rothbury
on around Rothbury
Cartington Parish Council
Portrait of Rothbury
Rothbury is a small market town
which straddles the River Coquet. The town has a pleasing
mix of old stone and newer brick-built properties. Although technically a
town with a proposal a year or so back to install a town mayor (defeated)
everyone still tends to call it a village and it has a village feel about
it. Shops, hotels and houses are clustered on the sloping banks of the
river which bisects the village with the majority of the commercial
properties situated on the north side.
From all sides the views are
magnificent - Cragside, Blaeberry Hill, Simonside, and in the far distance, the Cheviots.
Rothbury has had a turbulent and bloody history. In the fifteenth and sixteenth
centuries the Coquet Valley was a pillaging ground for bands of Reivers who
attacked and burned the town with terrifying frequency. Near the town's impressive
All Saints' Parish Church stands the doorway and site
of the seventeenth century Three Half Moons Inn. Follow the
Heritage Trail for a deeper feeling for its history.
site was originally published in 1998 as a project by the Rothbury Computer
Club. Designed to promote Coquetdale it was one of the first village sites in
the area. Others being
Morpeth and Alnwick.
Today Rothbury web is hosted by Colliedog Compters and remains free from
charge. Businesses and organisations need only contact the coordinator if they
wish to promote businesses or activities in the Coquetdale area.
the co-ordinator at firstname.lastname@example.com


text:
This is the Same Ocean will be represented by Perimeter Books at the LA Art Book Fair at The Geffen Contemporary next week.
If you're in the LA area you should get down because it is going to rule. If you're in Autsralia you should buy it from the webstore between now and February 11 as there is FREE POSTAGE WITHIN AUSTRALIA.


text:
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"Simplicity" Europe Release "Simplicity" Europe Release Date 6 June


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text:
The Bruins defeated the Canucks on Monday by a lopsided 8-1 score to win their first game of the Stanley Cup Finals. No, I don't have a witty open this time. There isn't much to be said. The Bruins dominated in every department and things got chippy. Here are my top five game notes on the Bruins first Cup win since 1990.
Number Five: Milan Lucic
The best word to describe this game last night was classless. The biggest standout was the Aaron Rome hit on Nathan Horton, but the Bruins were not exactly immune to the chippy play. During a scrum Milan Lucic stuck his fingers into the face of Alexandre Burrows, the player who bit Patrice Bergeron's finger.
Now, the Canucks have already made a mockery of this and I was hoping the Bruins would hold back. If anyone has been able to ignore surronding issues over the last couple of yeats, it has been Boston. But they got caught up in it tonight and I am not very happy about it.
Number Four: Daniel Paille
Shawn Thornton was entered into the lineup tonight at the expense of Tyler Seguin, but there were rumors that Paille may have been the causality. Seguin is the big name offensive star, so of course many around Boston did not approve the move. But once again, Claude Julien is proven right.
Paille played one of his better games of the playoffs, picking up a goal and owning the penalty kill. He is a guy I have never been too high on, a speedy player with no craft or hands, yet he was often the best player on the ice, and that has to be noticed.
Number Three: Sedin Twins
Has anyone seen Daniel or Henrik Sedin? I sure haven't. In a series the Bruins have held the Canucks offense in check, the Sedin's have not stepped up their play at all. Henrik got zero shots on goal. None. This is an MVP candidate the Bruins have shut down, and that can only be a good thing for them.
Number Two: Boston's Transition Game
Boston was rather successful versus Tampa's 1-3-1 format. They were able to score on the transition, which is the Bruins' offensive strength. And after Game Two vs Vancouver, it became evident that the Canucks aggressive forecheck was causing problems. All four of the Vancouver goals scored in British Columbia were on turnovers of failed clear attempts. And even when the Canucks did not capitalize, Boston was not able to produce any scoring chances.
Last night they cleaned up their game with an obvious adjusment and exposed Vancouver. Now it is the Canucks turn to make an adjustment, and it will need to be significant.
Number One: Aaron Rome's hit on Nathan Horton
This could have been a replay of the Matt Cooke hit on Marc Savard. As Horton passed the puck across the blue line to Lucic, at least two seconds could be counted before Rome came in with the vicious forearm to the head of Horton. As Horton's head violently hit the ice, his eyes stayed open and his arms stiff. The stretcher was immediately raced to the ice, as everyone stared in wonder wondering what happened.
Then the replay was shown on the TD Garden Jumbotron and gasps of horror could be heard. Rome had left his feet to make the late hit on the Bruins forward. Horton was rushed to the hospital where he was alert and moving all his limbs.
The league is going to have to come down on this one, right? I'm not sure anymore. All I know is I have been disappointed with them in the past, and I expect to be again.


text:
QualityHealth Home > Health Encyclopedia > Drugs & Medications > Zanamivir (By breathing)
Zanamivir (By breathing)
Brand Name(s)
RelenzaThere may be other brand names for this medicine.
When This Medicine Should Not Be UsedYou should not use this medicine if you have had an allergic reaction to zanamivir, lactose, or milk proteins.
Zanamivir (zan-AM-i-vir)
Treats and helps prevent the flu (influenza type A and B).
How to Use This Medicine
- Take your medicine as directed.
- Start using this medicine as soon as possible after flu symptoms begin or after you are exposed to the flu (within the first 2 days).
- Read and follow the patient instructions that come with this medicine. Talk to your doctor or pharmacist if you have any questions.
- Relenza® is a powder that is used with its own inhaler device called a Diskhaler®. Individual doses of the powder are held in a foil blister pack called a Rotadisk®. Each Rotadisk® is placed into the Diskhaler®. The Diskhaler® pierces 1 blister at a time to load the correct dose when you are ready to use the medicine. An adult needs to watch closely while a child uses the Diskhaler®.
- Do not use this medicine with a nebulizer. It should only be used with the Diskhaler® device that is included in the package.
- Take all of the medicine in your prescription to clear up your infection, even if you feel better after the first few doses.
If a dose is missed:
- Take a dose as soon as you remember. If it is almost time for your next dose, wait until then and take a regular dose. Do not take extra medicine to make up for a missed dose. If you miss a dose or forget to use it, use it as soon as you can if it is more than 2 hours before your next dose. Wait and use your next dose at the normal time if it is less than 2 hours before your next dose. Do not use extra medicine to make up for a missed dose.
How to Store and Dispose of This Medicine
- Keep the medicine in the foil pouch until you are ready to use it. Store at room temperature, away from heat and direct light. Do not freeze. Do not break the foil on the Rotadisk®.
- Ask your pharmacist, doctor, or health caregiver about the best way to dispose of the used medicine container and any leftover medicine. You will also need to throw away old medicine after the expiration date has passed.
- Keep all medicine out of the reach of children. Never share your medicine with anyone.
Drugs and Foods to Avoid
Ask your doctor or pharmacist before using any other medicine, including over-the-counter medicines, vitamins, and herbal products.
- Make sure your doctor knows if you plan to get the nasal flu vaccine (FluMist®). You should not receive the vaccine within 2 weeks before or 48 hours after you use this medicine.
Warnings While Using This Medicine
- Make sure your doctor knows if you are pregnant or breastfeeding or if you have heart disease, lung disease (such as asthma or COPD), or a history of seizures or mental illness.
- This medicine does not take the place of a yearly flu shot. It will not keep you from getting a bacterial infection that causes flu-like symptoms.
- This medicine may cause bronchospasm in people with lung disease (such as asthma or COPD). Stop using this medicine and call your doctor right away if you have trouble breathing, wheezing, or tightness in your chest after you use this medicine.
- This medicine may cause changes in behavior. Tell your doctor if you have trouble sleeping, get upset easily, or have any unusual thoughts or behaviors. Also tell your doctor if you feel nervous, angry, restless, violent, or scared.
- Do not use this medicine to treat other types of flu. Other people can still catch the flu from you even though you feel better while you use this medicine.
- If you also use an asthma medicine that you inhale (such as albuterol, Atrovent®, Combivent®, or Serevent®), use it before you use zanamivir.
- Call your doctor if your symptoms do not improve or if they get worse.
- Your doctor will check your progress and the effects of this medicine at regular visits. Keep all appointments.
Possible Side Effects While Using This Medicine
Call your doctor right away if you notice any of these side effects:
- Allergic reaction: Itching or hives, swelling in your face or hands, swelling or tingling in your mouth or throat, chest tightness, trouble breathing
- Confusion, anxiety, or changes in mood or behavior
- Seeing, hearing, or feeling things that are not there
- Seizures
- Trouble breathing, wheezing, cough, or tightness in your chest
If you notice other side effects that you think are caused by this medicine, tell your doctor
Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088
Review Date: March 4, 2014
The information provided herein should not be used during any medical emergency or for the diagnosis or treatment of any medical condition. A licensed medical professional should be consulted for diagnosis and treatment of any and all medical conditions. Call 911 for all medical emergencies. Links to other sites are provided for information only -- they do not constitute endorsements of those other sites.
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