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North America is the literal birthplace of the wild horse. The magic of the horse originated on this land, then culminated
globally and marked a turning point in the history of mankind. No other animal has had such influence and impact on
humankind's development. To the wild horse, to the tamed horse, we owe immense gratitude and respect, for the horse
gave two-leggeds a massive advantage and was instrumental in our development and our survival. Humankind will forever
owe a great debt to the horse. In our evolution it is historic fact that wild horses originated and fully developed on the North American
continent. It is fortunate for man that some of those wild horses drifted across the Bering Land Bridge to Eurasia,
because those remaining on the northern continent were subject to a big die-off 10,000 years ago; as is the case for many
species throughout time for various reasons. While many, many moons ago there existed a contiguous land mass which
could be walked, the melting of the ice age gave way to rising waters which eventually divided continents by surrounding major
land masses with oceans. This of course isolated pockets of humanity and life forms, including horses, until two-legged
travel by water evolved.Recorded history tells us that around 4000 BC man's interactive relation with the horse was put in motion.
Eurasians learned to tame and work with descendants of horses that had traveled by land from their birth place in North America.
This unleashed endless possibilities and ultimately led to the building of societies and empires. With the horse came
power, strength, travel and speed. It was not until Columbus crossed the Atlantic on
his second voyage to North America that he brought horses along with his many men to the shores of this continent.
This game changer marked the horses literal return home. This was the first time since the big die-off on the northern
continent that the horse was finally back on its home turf - a monumental event which required a boat for transport. Thanks to our documented history, we are able to know that wild
horses are not feral, for all bloodlines always lead back to their native birth place. The wild horse originated
and fully developed right here on this land throughout the west and then migrated to what later became other continents.
Let us recognize and nurture this unique legacy, for there is no other place on Earth like this. Let us celebrate our
native treasure. May we beam with pride and act with deep appreciation, compassion and respect for our native wild
horses. This is a legacy to nurture, honor, understand and secure for future generations. Wild Love is forever.
~ Andrea Maki
"wild eyes never
lie, look closely, your truth is found here, reflected in this wild mirror. act your truth, be your reflection,
be your wild heart." ~ a.maki
READ MORE HISTORY: THE HAGERMAN HORSE OF IDAHO - The Hagerman Horse (Equus simplicidens) was a North American species of
equid from the Pliocene period and the Pleistocene period, first appearing about 3.5 million years ago and the Hagerman
fossils represent the oldest widely-accepted remains of the
genus Equus. An average Hagerman Horse was about the same size as an ArabianHorse and probably lived in grasslands
and floodplains, which is what Hagerman was like 3 million years ago. Native North American horses went extinct about 10,000 years ago, at the same time as many other large-bodied
species of the period. It is one of the oldest horses of the genus Equus and is the recognized State Fossil of Idaho.
Cattle rancher, Elmer
Cook, discovered fossil bones on this land in Hagerman, Idaho in 1928 and showed them to Dr. H.T. Stearns of the U.S. Geological
Survey, who in turn passed them to Dr. James W. Gidley at the Smithsonian Institution. The bones were identified as belonging to an extinct horse, hence the site became known as
the Hagerman Horse Quarry. Three tons of excavated specimens were sent to the Smithsonian in Washington, D.C., producing five nearly complete skeletons, more than 100 skulls, and forty-eight
lower jaws along with numerous isolated bones. Paleontologists believe that an entire herd of these animals were probably
swept away and drowned by flood waters, ending up buried and
fossilized in the soft sands of this river bottom. * * *
Jay F. Kirkpatrick, Ph.D. and Patricia M. Fazio, Ph.D. (Revised January
2003‐2010 Jay F. Kirkpatrick, Ph.D. and Patricia M. Fazio, Ph.D. All Rights Reserved.
Are wild horses truly "wild,"
as an indigenous species in North America, or are they "feral weeds" – barnyard escapees, far removed genetically
from their prehistoric ancestors? The question at hand is, therefore, whether or not modern horses, Equus caballus, should
be considered native wildlife.
The question is legitimate, and the answer important. In North America, the wild horse is often labeled
as a non‐native, or even an exotic species, by most federal or state agencies dealing with wildlife management, such
as the National Park Service, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and the Bureau of Land Management. The legal mandate for many
of these agencies is to protect native wildlife and prevent non‐native species from causing harmful effects on the general
ecology of the land. Thus, management is often directed at total eradication, or at least minimal numbers. If the idea that
wild horses were, indeed, native wildlife, a great many current management approaches might be compromised. Thus, the rationale
for examining this proposition, that the horse is a native or non-native species, is significant.
The genus Equus, which includes modern horses,
zebras, and asses, is the only surviving genus in a once diverse family of horses that included 27 genera. The precise date
of origin for the genus Equus is unknown, but evidence documents the dispersal of Equus from North America to Eurasia approximately
2‐3 million years ago and a possible origin at about 3.4‐3.9 million years ago. Following this original emigration,
several extinctions occurred in North America, with additional migrations to Asia (presumably across the Bering Land Bridge),
and return migrations back to North America, over time. The last North American extinction probably occurred between 13,000
and 11,000 years ago (Fazio 1995), although more recent extinctions for horses have been suggested. Dr. Ross MacPhee, Curator
of Mammalogy at the American Museum of Natural History, and colleagues, have dated the existence of woolly mammoths and horses
in North America to as recent as 7,600 years ago. Had it not been for previous westward migration, over the 2 Bering Land
Bridge, into northwestern Russia (Siberia) and Asia, the horse would have faced complete extinction. However, Equus survived
and spread to all continents of the globe, except Australia and Antarctica.
In 1493, on Columbus' second voyage to the Americas, Spanish
horses, representing E. caballus, were brought back to North America, first in the Virgin Islands, and, in 1519, they were
reintroduced on the continent, in modern‐day Mexico, from where they radiated throughout the American Great Plains,
after escape from their owners or by pilfering (Fazio 1995).
Critics of the idea that the North American wild horse is a native animal, using
only selected paleontological data, assert that the species, E. caballus (or the caballoid horse), which was introduced in
1519, was a different species from that which disappeared between 13,000‐11,000 years before. Herein lies the crux of
the debate. However, neither paleontological opinion nor modern molecular genetics support the contention that the modern
horse in North America is non‐native.
Equus, a monophyletic taxon, is first represented in the North American fossil record about
four million years ago by E. simplicidens, and this species is directly ancestral to later Blancan species about three million
years ago (Azaroli and Voorhies 1990). Azzaroli (1992) believed, again on the basis of fossil records, that E. simplicidens
gave rise to the late Pliocene E. Idahoensis, and that species, in turn, gave rise to the first caballoid horses two million
years ago in North America. Some migrated to Asia about one million years ago, while others, such as E. niobrarensis, remained
in North America.
North America, the divergence of E. caballus into various ecomorphotypes (breeds) included E. caballus mexicanus, or the American
Periglacial Horse (also known as E. caballus laurentius Hay, or midlandensis Quinn) (Hibbard 1955). Today, we would recognize
these latter two horses as breeds, but in the realm of wildlife, the term used is subspecies. By ecomorphotype, we refer to
differing phenotypic or physical characteristics within the same species, caused by genetic isolation in discrete habitats.
In North America, isolated lower molar teeth and a mandible from sites of the Irvingtonian age appear to be E. caballus, morphologically.
Through most of the Pleistocene Epoch in North America, the commonest species of Equus were not caballines but other lineages
(species) resembling zebras, hemiones, and possibly asses (McGrew 1944; Quinn, 1957). 3 Initially rare in North America, caballoid
horses were associated with stenoid horses (perhaps ancestral forerunners but certainly distinct species), but between one
million and 500,000 years ago, the caballoid horses replaced the stenoid horses because of climatic preferences and changes
in ecological niches (Forstén 1988). By the late Pleistocene, the North American taxa that can definitely be assigned
to E. caballus are E. caballus alaskae (Azzaroli 1995) and E. caballus mexicanus (Winans 1989 – using the name laurentius).
Both subspecies were thought to have been derived from E. niobrarensis (Azzaroli 1995).
Thus, based on a great deal of paleontological
data, the origin of E. caballus is thought to be about two million years ago, and it originated in North America. However,
the determination of species divergence based on phenotype is at least modestly subjective and often fails to account for
the differing ecomorphotypes within a species, described above. Purely taxonomic methodologies looked at physical form for
classifying animals and plants, relying on visual observations of physical characteristics. While earlier taxonomists tried
to deal with the subjectivity of choosing characters they felt would adequately describe, and thus group, genera and species,
these observations were lacking in precision. Nevertheless, the more subjective paleontological data strongly suggests the
origin of E. caballus somewhere between one and two million years ago.
Reclassifications are now taking place, based on the power and
objectivity of molecular biology. If one considers primate evolution, for example, the molecular biologists have provided
us with a completely different evolutionary pathway for humans, and they have described entirely different relationships with
other primates. None of this would have been possible prior to the methodologies now available through mitochondrial‐DNA
series of genetic analyses, carried out at the San Diego Zoo's Center for Reproduction in Endangered Species, and based
on chromosome differences (Benirschke et al. 1965) and mitochondrial genes (George and Ryder 1986) both indicate significant
genetic divergence among several forms of wild E. caballus as early as 200,000‐300,000 years ago. These studies do not
speak to the origins of E. caballus per se, but they do point to a great deal of genetic divergence among members of E. caballus
by 200,000 to 300,000 years ago. Thus, the origin had to be earlier, but, at the very least, well before the disappearance
of the horse in North America between 13,000‐11,000 years ago. 4 The relatively new (30‐year‐old) field
of molecular biology, using mitochondrial‐DNA analysis, has recently revealed that the modern or caballine horse, E.
caballus, is genetically equivalent to E. lambei, a horse, according to fossil records, that represented the most recent Equus
species in North America prior to extinction. Not only is E. caballus genetically equivalent to E. lambei, but no evidence
exists for the origin of E. caballus anywhere except North America (Forstén 1992).
According to the work of researchers from Uppsala
University of the Department of Evolutionary Biology (Forstén 1992), the date of origin, based on mutation rates for
mitochondrial‐DNA, for E. caballus, is set at approximately 1.7 million years ago in North America. This, of course,
is very close, geologically speaking, to the 1‐2 million‐year figure presented by the interpretation of the fossil
Vilà, also of the Department of Evolutionary Biology at Uppsala University, has corroborated Forstén's
work. Vilà et al. (2001) have shown that the origin of domestic horse lineages was extremely widespread, over time
and geography, and supports the existence of the caballoid horse in North American before its disappearance, corroborating
the work of Benirschke et al. (1965), George and Ryder (1995), and Hibbard (1955).
A study conducted at the Ancient Biomolecules Centre of Oxford
University (Weinstock et al. 2005) also corroborates the conclusions of Forstén (1992). Despite a great deal of variability
in the size of the Pleistocene equids from differing locations (mostly ecomorphotypes), the DNA evidence strongly suggests
that all of the large and small caballine samples belonged to the same species. The author states, "The presence of a
morphologically variable caballine species widely distributed both north and south of the North American ice sheets raises
the tantalizing possibility that, in spite of many taxa named on morphological grounds, most or even all North American caballines
were members of the same species."
In another study, Kruger et al. (2005), using microsatellite data, confirms the work of Forstén
(1992) but gives a wider range for the emergence of the caballoid horse, of 0.86 to 2.3 million years ago. At the latest,
however, that still places the caballoid horse in North America 860,000 years ago. 5 The work of Hofreiter et al. (2001),
examining the genetics of the so-called E. lambei from the permafrost of Alaska, found that the variation was within that
of modern horses, which translates into E. lambei actually being E. caballus, genetically. The molecular biology evidence
is incontrovertible and indisputable, but it is also supported by the interpretation of the fossil record, as well.
Finally, very recent work (Orlando
et al. 2009) that examined the evolutionary history of a variety of non‐caballine equids across four continents, found
evidence for taxonomic "oversplitting" from species to generic levels. This overspitting was based primarily on
late‐Pleistocene fossil remains without the benefit of molecular data. A co‐author of this study, Dr. Alan Cooper,
of the Australian Centre for Ancient DNA, stated, "Overall, the new genetic results suggest that we have underestimated
how much a single species can vary over time and space, and mistakenly assumed more diversity among extinct species of megafauna."
The fact that horses were domesticated
before they were reintroduced matters little from a biological viewpoint. They are the same species that originated here,
and whether or not they were domesticated is quite irrelevant. Domestication altered little biology, and we can see that in
the phenomenon called "going wild," where wild horses revert to ancient behavioral patterns. Feist and McCullough
(1976) dubbed this "social conservation" in his paper on behavior patterns and communication in the Pryor Mountain
wild horses. The reemergence of primitive behaviors, resembling those of the plains zebra, indicated to him the shallowness
of domestication in horses.
The issue of feralization and the use of the word "feral" is a human construct that has little biological
meaning except in transitory behavior, usually forced on the animal in some manner. Consider this parallel. E. Przewalskii
(Mongolian wild horse) disappeared from Mongolia a hundred years ago. It has survived since then in zoos. That is not domestication
in the classic sense, but it is captivity, with keepers providing food and veterinarians providing health care. Then they
were released during the 1990s and now repopulate their native range in Mongolia. Are they a reintroduced native species or
not? And what is the difference between them and E. caballus in North America, except for the time frame and degree of captivity?
The key element in describing
an animal as a native species is (1) where it originated; and (2) whether or not it co‐evolved with its habitat. Clearly,
E. 6 caballus did both, here in North American. There might be arguments about "breeds," but there are no scientific
grounds for arguments about "species."
The non‐native, feral, and exotic designations given by agencies are not merely reflections
of their failure to understand modern science but also a reflection of their desire to preserve old ways of thinking to keep
alive the conflict between a species (wild horses), with no economic value anymore (by law), and the economic value of commercial
status for wild horses would place these animals, under law, within a new category for management considerations. As a form
of wildlife, embedded with wildness, ancient behavioral patterns, and the morphology and biology of a sensitive prey species,
they may finally be released from the "livestock‐gone‐loose" appellation.
Please cite as: Kirkpatrick, J.F., and P.M. Fazio.
Revised January 2010. Wild Horses as Native North American Wildlife. The Science and Conservation Center, ZooMontana, Billings.
8 pages.
Azzaroli, A. 1990. The genus Equus in Europe. pp. 339‐356
in: European Neogene mammal chronology (E.H. Lindsay, V. Fahlbuech, and P. Mein, eds.). Plenum Press, New York.
Azzaroli, A. 1992. Ascent and
decline of monodactyl equids: A case for prehistoric overkill. Annales Zoologica Fennici 28:151‐163.
Azzaroli, A. 1995. A synopsis of the Quaternary
species of Equus in North America. Bollttino della Societa Paleontologica Italiana. 34:205‐221.
Azzaroli, A., and M.R. Voorhies. 1990. The genus
Equus in North America: The Blancan species. Paleontologica Italiana 80:175‐198.
Benirschke K., N. Malouf, R.J. Low, and H. Heck. 1965. Chromosome
compliment: Difference between Equus caballus and Equus przewalskii Polliakoff. Science 148:382‐383.
Fazio, P.M. 1995. ʺThe Fight to Save a Memory:
Creation of the Pryor Mountain Wild Horse Range (1968) and Evolving Federal Wild Horse Protection through 7 1971,ʺ doctoral
dissertation, Texas A&M University, College Station, p. 21.
Feist, J.D., and D.R. McCullough, Behavior Patterns and Communication in Feral
Horses, Z. Tierpsychol. 41:337‐371.
Forstén, A. 1988. Middle Pleistocene replacement of stenoid horses by caballoid horses ecological
implications. Paleogeography, Paleoclimatology, Paleoecology 65:23‐33.
Forstén, A. 1992. Mitochondrial‐DNA timetable and
the evolution of Equus: Comparison of molecular and paleontological evidence. Ann. Zool. Fennici 28: 301‐309.
George, Jr., M., and O.A. Ryder.
1986. Mitochondrial DNA evolution in the genus Equus. Mol. Biol. Evol. 3:535‐546.
Hibbard C.W. 1955. Pleistocene vertebrates from the
upper Becarra (Becarra Superior) Formation, Valley of Tequixquiac, Mexico, with notes on other Pleistocene forms. Contributions
from the Museum of Paleontology, University of Michigan, 12:47‐96.
Hofreiter, M., Serre, D. Poinar, H.N. Kuch, M., Pääbo, S. 2001. Ancient
DNA. Nature Reviews Genetics. 2(5), 353‐359.
Kruger et al. 2005. Phylogenetic analysis and species allocation of individual equids using
microsatellite data. J. Anim. Breed. Genet. 122 (Suppl. 1):78‐86.
McGrew, P.O. 1944. An early Pleistocene (Blancan) fauna from Nebraska. Field
Museum of Natural History, Geology Series, 9:33‐66.
Orlando, L. et al. 2009. Revising the recent evolutionary history of equids using ancient
DNA. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci.
Quinn, J.H. 1957. Pleistocene Equidae of Texas. University of Texas, Bureau of Economic Geology, Report of Investigations
C., J.A. Leonard, A. Götherström, S. Marklund, K. Sandberg, K. Lidén, R. K. Wayne, H. Ellegren. 2001. Widespread
origins of domestic horse lineages. Science 291: 474‐477. 8 Weinstock, J.E., A. Sher Willerslev, W. Tong, S.Y.W. Ho,
D. Rubnestein, J. Storer, J. Burns, L. Martin, C. Bravi, A. Prieto, D. Froese, E. Scott, L. Xulong, A. Cooper. 2005. Evolution,
systematics, and the phylogeography of Pleistocene horses in the New World: a molecular perspective. PLoS Biology 3:1‐7.
Winans M.C. 1989. A quantitative
study of North American fossil species of the genus Equus. pp. 262‐297, in: The Evolution of Perissodactyles (D.R. Prothero
and R.M. Schoch, eds.). Oxford University Press, New York, NY.
Jay F. Kirkpatrick, Director, The Science and
Conservation Center, ZooMontana, Billings, holds a Ph.D. in reproductive physiology from the College of Veterinary Medicine
at Cornell University.
Patricia M. Fazio, Research Fellow, The Science and Conservation Center, ZooMontana, Billings, holds a B.S. in agriculture (animal husbandry/biology) from Cornell University, and M.S.
and Ph.D. degrees in environmental history from the University of Wyoming and Texas A&M University, College Station, respectively.
Her dissertation was a creation history of the Pryor Mountain Wild Horse Range, Montana/Wyoming.
Please note: This document is the sole intellectual
property of Drs. Jay F. Kirkpatrick and Patricia M. Fazio. As such, altering of content,
in any manner, is strictly prohibited. However, this article may be copied and distributed freely in hardcopy, electronic,
or Website form, for educational purposes only.
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A family-size rotisserie chicken yields the perfect amount of chopped cooked chicken for this recipe.
Southern Living FEBRUARY 2011
1. Bake biscuits according to package directions.
2. Meanwhile, sauté onion in hot oil in a large skillet over medium-high heat 5 minutes or until golden. Add mushrooms, and sauté 5 minutes or until tender. Stir in chicken and next 5 ingredients; cook, stirring frequently, 5 minutes or until cheese is melted and mixture is thoroughly heated. Stir in peas, and cook 2 minutes. Spoon chicken mixture over hot split biscuits.
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Texas Redistricting Impasse Has Primaries in Doubt
Man Learns Jury Duty Lesson the Hard Way
An Indiana man called in for jury duty in a fatal drunken driving crash case has learned what can happen to people who ignore the judge's instructions to NOT leave the courthouse.
The judge ordered him to stand in front of the courthouse for two days holding a sign that reads "I failed to appear for jury duty."
White House Sides With TSA in Rand Paul Standoff
Supreme Court Rejects Voting Maps Drawn by Judges
The U.S. Supreme Court has made a major ruling in the Texas political dispute over redistricting. The high court has rejected the voting district maps drawn by a federal panel, which favored minority candidates and Democrats in this year's congressional and state legislature elections.
Convicted Drunk Driver Sues His Dead Victims
The never-ending parade of ridiculous lawsuits filed by prison inmates has a new leader.
A Florida man who pleaded guilty to three counts of DUI manslaughter in 2007 after police found drugs in his system has filed a lawsuit against the three people he killed on Christmas day of 2007. He claims they were the real cause of the accident.


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36 U.S. Code § 200303 - Membership
(a) General.— Except as provided in this chapter, eligibility for membership in the corporation and the rights, privileges, and designation of classes of members are as provided in the constitution and bylaws of the corporation.
(b) Required Service.— Eligibility for membership in the corporation is limited to male blood relatives of an individual who—
(1) served at any time during the period from April 12, 1861, through April 9, 1865, as a soldier or sailor in—
Source(Pub. L. 105–225, Aug. 12, 1998, 112 Stat. 1453.)
|Revised Section
|Source (U.S. Code)
|Source (Statutes at Large)
|Aug. 20, 1954, ch. 774, § 5, 68 Stat. 750.
In subsection (a), the words "are as provided in the constitution and bylaws of the corporation" are substituted for "shall . . . be determined as the constitution and bylaws of the corporation may provide" for consistency in the revised title.
In subsection (b)(1), the words "at any time" are added for clarity.
The table below lists the classification updates, since Jan. 3, 2012, for this section. Updates to a broader range of sections may be found at the update page for containing chapter, title, etc.
The most recent Classification Table update that we have noticed was Tuesday, August 13, 2013
An empty table indicates that we see no relevant changes listed in the classification tables. If you suspect that our system may be missing something, please double-check with the Office of the Law Revision Counsel.
|Description of Change
|Session Year
|Public Law
|Statutes at Large
LII has no control over and does not endorse any external Internet site that contains links to or references LII.


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Provided by Texas Tech Athletics
LUBBOCK, Texas - Texas Tech head coach Tubby Smith has announced that Cory Scott has signed a financial aid agreement to play basketball for the Red Raiders beginning this fall.
"We are excited about having Cory as a part of the program," said Smith. "He is athletic and was a prolific scorer in high school and a seven-foot high jumper. He is great start towards our recruiting efforts in Texas."
Scott, a 6-2 guard from Copperas Cove (Texas) High School, averaged 24.3 points, 4.0 assists, 4.0 rebounds and 2.0 steals per game as a senior for the Bulldawgs and was named the District 8-5A Offensive Player of the Year and first team All-District 8-5A. He led Copperas Cove to the playoffs for the first time since 2008 as a senior and was also named to the Killeen Daily Herald All-Area First Team.
He is the first-ever student-athlete from Copperas Cove High School to sign to play basketball with a Division I school.
As a junior, Scott averaged 17.8 points, 3.2 assists, 3.2 rebounds and 1.1 steals for Copperas Cove, as he earned first team All-District 12-5A honors. As a sophomore, Scott averaged 12.0 points per game.
He finished his three-year career on varsity at Copperas Cove as the school's all-time leading scorer with 2,506 points.
Scott was also recruited by Stephen F. Austin and Hartford. He was ranked as the 39th best player in the state in this year's recruiting class.
A two-sport athlete, Scott is also an outstanding high jumper winning the state title at the 2013 UIL State Track & Field Championships in Austin, clearing 7-0. As a junior, he cleared 6-8 and advanced to regionals after winning the District 12-5A title.
Scott joined a 2013 recruiting class that includes New Mexico Junior College transfer Robert Turner (Augusta, Ga.) and Seton Academy's Alex Foster (Chicago, Ill.).
5600 Avenue A
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Kentucky secondary aluminum smelter adds John Pugh to its staff.
Owl's Head Alloys, Bowling Green, Ky. has appointed John Pugh executive vice president, operations and business development.
Pugh previously was director of operations, North America for MHM Metals. He has 33 years of management experience, including 26 years in the secondary aluminum recycling industry.
Owl's Head Alloys produces secondary aluminum alloys from scrap metal on a 35-acre site in Bowling Green. The company says it has doubled its capacity in the past five years and has purchased an adjoining 27 acres of land for future expansion.
4020 Kinross Lakes Parkway, Ste 201
Richfield, Ohio 44286 USA


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Cumberland Gap Tip Line
Help protect your national park! Report any crimes or suspicious activity including damage or theft of park resources. More »
No Cave Tours or Hensley Tours on September 27
There will be no Gap Cave or Hensley Settlement tours offered on September 27, 2014 due to special Heritage Walk program. For more information please call the park visitor center at (606) 248-2817, extension 1075.
Sugar Run Trail Closed to Horses
The Sugar Run Trail is temporarily closed to horse use due to the number of fallen trees as a result of recent storms. The trail is still open for hikers, but hikers should use caution.
Back the Bears!
Support the park's "Back the Bears" campaign and help keep our bears wild and safe! More »
Draft General Management Plan/Environmental Impact Statement Available for Review
Contact: Mark Woods, Superintendent, (606) 248-2817
As Cumberland Gap National Historical Park eagerly looks to its future, public participation and comments are being sought for the park's draft General Management Plan/Environmental Impact Statement which will guide park management during the next 15 – 20 years. According to Park Superintendent Mark Woods, general management plans are long-term documents that establish and articulate a management philosophy and framework for decision making and problem solving in the parks. Woods further explains thatCumberland Gap National Historical Park's last comprehensive management planning effort was completed in 1979. "Since that time, many changes have taken place – patterns and types of visitor use have changed and the park's primary cultural landscape element has also changed as a result of construction projects involving the twin-bore Cumberland Gap Tunnel system, highway relocations, and the rehabilitation of the Cumberland Gap and Wilderness Road. In addition, acquisition of the Fern Lake watershed requires a defined management approach for resource use and protection. The park faces new resource and other management challenges as a result of these and other changes. We are looking to an exciting future." Woods further elaborates that "national parks belong to the people. We encourage and welcome public comments!"
Document Available
Copies of the document can also be reviewed at park headquarters, the park visitor center or at one of the following libraries:
Middlesboro Public Library
Lincoln Memorial University
Pineville Public Library
Harlan Public Library
Claiborne County Public Library
Knoxville City Library
Bristol Virginia Public Library
How to Comment
December 8, 2009, 4:30 p.m. - 7:00 p.m.
December 9, 2009, 11:00 a.m. - 2:00 p.m.
December 9, 2009, 4:30 p.m. - 7:00 p.m.
The purpose of the public meetings is to obtain comments on the Draft General Management Plan/Environmental Impact Statement.
Did You Know?
Between 1775 and 1810 some 300,000 settlers crossed Cumberland Gap and began settling the land west of the Appalachians. These brave pioneers were following dreams of prosperity in the wilderness of Kentucky.


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9/30/2014Federal Reserve Remittance Coalition Paper on Stand-Alone Remittance Messages
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Do you feel overwhelmed by Facebook? Wouldn't it be nice to know specific daily actions you can take to get real results on your Facebook page?
You've come to the right place.
Facebook marketing, when done right, is an extremely powerful tool. It can increase your leads, attract highly targeted prospects and position you as a sought-after industry leader.
To reap these business-building benefits, the key is to develop daily habits.
The following list of six daily habits will keep you focused on what really matters when it comes to Facebook marketing: real fan engagement.
Refer back to these habits often to keep yourself on track as you work to create a vibrant community of raving fans who'll happily spread the word about you and your products and services.
#1: Become addicted to solving problems
When you regularly solve problems and answer questions for your fans, you not only foster trust, but you also set yourself up as the go-to expert in your niche.
A surefire way to create engagement on your Facebook page is to regularly offer your expertise and insight. One great example of a master problem-solver is Facebook expert Mari Smith. Mari encourages her fans to ask questions on her Facebook page. Because she is quick to respond with valuable responses, she's turned many Facebook fans into loyal followers and customers.
But she doesn't stop there. Mari takes her support a step further by providing a resource center directly on her Facebook page. She continually keeps this resource link up to date and full of valuable information. As you can see in the image below, Mari has set up multiple info tabs including Changes, How To and Rules & Safety, all related to Facebook marketing.
Take Action: Make it your mission to be the go-to source for your Facebook fans. What information related to your niche do your fans, prospects and clients want to know? To set yourself apart from your competition and keep your fans coming back for more, create a resource page as a custom link on your Facebook page. By doing so, you can provide updated, useful content to your growing audience on an ongoing basis.
#2: Talk to individual fans daily
I make it a habit to comment on other people's posts 3-5 times each day. I do this because these comments are the real conversations that build relationships.
Taking a minute to comment on a fan's vacation photos or adding my two cents to a peer's recently posted video is my way of letting my fans and peers know that I genuinely am interested in what they are talking about online.
To check out what your fans are posting on their own pages or profiles, first check out which fans are posting on your page. When fans post on your page, you can click on their avatars and you will be taken to either their pages or profiles, depending on how your fans have posted on your page. You can then post on their pages (or if you are also a friend via their profiles, you can post on their profiles as well).
Here's an example of me posting on a fan's page, Life In Motion Chiropractic:
Here are a few tips when commenting on fans' posts:
- Use first names. When your fans know you are paying attention to them, they are much more likely to speak up and tell you what's on their mind. Knowing what your fans are thinking is invaluable!
- Be yourself. Talk to others in the same style you would talk to a friend over dinner. Before you click send, read your post and make sure it really sounds like you.
- Be brief. If your post is too long, it will be overlooked easily. To get more people reading your post, get to the point faster.
Take Action:Make it a habit to spend at least 10 minutes a day reading posts from your fans and peers and leaving insightful comments on their profiles and pages. By stepping outside of your own Facebook page, and spending time on other pages and profiles, you let your fans and peers know that you truly do care about them.
#3: Track your Facebook activity
Although it may not be the most exciting task of your day, taking the time to check your Facebook activity is essential to growing your fan base and keeping your momentum going.
If you're just starting out with tracking your activity and looking for a quick list of key metrics to track, consider tracking the following metrics on a weekly basis:
- # of total fans
- # of new Fans
- Fan growth from prior week
- # of unlikes
- # of weekly Actives
- Actives growth from prior week
You can find these metrics by checking out your Facebook Insights on your page. To get to your Insights, just go to your Facebook page and click "Edit Page" in the upper-right corner. From there you will see a list of links in the left column. You can click on "Insights" to get your page metrics.
One other tracking tool that is extremely useful is EdgeRankChecker. This is an online tool that scores your overall page engagement activity. I use this tool to help me identify what score Facebook is likely giving my page in terms of EdgeRank. (Note: No-one knows the exact formula Facebook uses to assign an EdgeRank score; however, this tool is useful.)
As seen in the screenshot below (for Outside the Cubicle), the tool also identifies the days of the week when you get the most engagement and the days when you have the least activity on your page. This is valuable information as you decide when to launch new promotions and post valuable content.
Take Action: Create a Google Doc and track your Facebook activity on a weekly basis. By tracking your weekly metrics, you will soon see what's working and what you might need to tweak, depending on the high and low metrics in your tracking document.
#4: Change what's not working and move on
When it comes to tracking your social media marketing activity, there's a fine line between having patience and making changes when you're not getting the results you're after.
The key is to set a realistic goal and clearly identify its benchmarks and the length of time you are going to allow to get the desired results. If the time comes that you don't reach your desired outcome, tweak your activity right away. The longer you wait, the more damage you'll do.
For example, let's say that for the past 30 days you've been asking questions a few times a week on your Facebook page and only two or three fans are leaving responses each time you post a new question. There could be a few different reasons for your low response rate. You might be asking questions that are not of interest to your fans. To fix this, you really want to pay attention to what grabs their attention and what topics your fans talk about the most.
Or perhaps your questions are too difficult or too time-consuming to answer. People move fast on Facebook and tend not to spend too much time in one place. There's actually an art to asking questions on Facebook. The key is to ask questions that require little effort to answer. Questions that require just one-word responses tend to get the most engagement. Watch this short video to learn more about the art of asking questions on Facebook.
Overall, the important thing to remember is that when something isn't working, don't dwell on it. Change it and move on!
Take Action: Have you been procrastinating on making some necessary changes to your Facebook marketing strategy? Take the time to make the changes to ensure your page continues to grow and increase its engagement activity.
#5: Post fresh content
To get the most reach from your content, make sure that your content educates, entertains and empowers your fans. This will pique their interest and keep them coming back for more.
Also, publish everything you have in as many places as possible. What this means is that you want to get your content online, and you want it to be seen by as many potential prospects as possible. While Facebook is extremely powerful, don't forget to spread your content out and use Twitter, LinkedIn, YouTube, and of course, your blog.
You can also monitor what others are publishing. If you see something that would be valuable to your audience, publish that content (and make sure to give them credit for it!). Third-party publishing is a great way to continue to add value for your fans without having to create all the content.
To help you consistently publish content, I suggest that you create an editorial calendar. It might sound daunting, but it's actually very simple. Here's how you do it:
- Create a six-month digital calendar. You can do this in Word or you can find digital calendars online. One of my favorite digital calendar sites is http://www.calendarsthatwork.com.
- Decide how often you want to create content and in what form. Consider creating blog posts, video posts, articles, reports, podcasts or any other form of media you know your audience will like. Mix it up and deliver your content in many different formats to attract a wider reach of ideal clients.
- Brainstorm content ideas related to your brand or niche. Again, think of what interests your clients the most. (Hint: Check out your competition's content. This will help you decide what might be best for your audience.)
- Create a calendar of content. Choose the specific dates you plan to post and list the topic of the content and the type of delivery. For example, in my own content calendar months ago, I added the following for a day in July: Blog post and Facebook update on "6 Daily Habits for Facebook Marketing Success." It's as easy as that!
Take Action: Stay diligent with your content calendar. After you create it, stick with it. The more disciplined you are in sticking to your content calendar, the more traction you will see with your audience.
#6: Spread the love
The old saying, "Give and you shall receive" is one of social media's golden rules. By sharing other people's valuable blog posts, useful articles, entertaining videos and other content, your audience will repay you tenfold.
Make sure to share the content from the influencers in your industry. This will help you build relationships with them and possibly create partnerships with them in the future.
But remember to also acknowledge your fans who consistently produce great blog posts. They may not be well-known experts (yet!), but it's important to share their great content as well. You can create a fan for life if you take the time to share their great work with others.
Mike Stelzner says it best in his recent book, Launch. He writes, "Every time you share a great link to some relevant content, you're giving two gifts: one to your base and the other to the person or company that created the content."
Take Action: On a weekly basis, take the time to identify great third-party content and share it with your Facebook community. This goodwill gesture will go a long way with your fans and peers.
Facebook on Tuesday debuted a step-by-step online guide aimed at helping small businesses use the social networking site. The company is billing the new webpage, found at Facebook.com/business, as an "online education center" that gives directions on such things as how to set up a profile page, create targeted ads and deals, and interact with customer feedback online. Read more…
So you've bought into the idea of creating a blog to help promote your brand and bring traffic to your small business. Awesome! But now you're three months in, and already you're struggling for blog ideas. (Don't worry. It happens to many, many bloggers and business owners. You're not alone.)
You've no doubt heard at least a few things about Google Plus, Google's new Social Network. If you're one of the lucky 20 million, you have already have your account setup and you're beginning to explore Google Plus wondering if it's something that will become part of your daily life. I'm not going to bother venturing into the discussion of 'Will Google Plus Kill Facebook?" Why would I waste my time wondering that when I could be getting ahead of the game and start using it for what it's going to be good at? Here's the good stuff I'll be using Google+ for.
You've no doubt heard at least a few things about Google Plus, Google's new Social Network. If you're one of the lucky 20 million, you have already have your account setup and you're beginning to explore Google Plus wondering if it's something that will become part of your daily life.
I'm not going to bother venturing into the discussion of 'Will Google Plus Kill Facebook?" Why would I waste my time wondering that when I could be getting ahead of the game and start using it for what it's going to be good at?
Here's the good stuff I'll be using Google+ for.
(Source: edbrenner)
When social media first gained attention, I heard many people scoff that these online connections couldn't possibly be real friends. Some even used "Facebook friend" as a synonym for shallowness, fearing people might trade face-to-face interaction for a virtual life online. But many years, re-tweets, meet-ups, event invitations and birthday wishes later, the majority of the people I know now consider at least some of their online friends to be extended family. Which made me wonder — does social media actually encourage people to connect IRL, or "in real life"? Read more…
When social media first gained attention, I heard many people scoff that these online connections couldn't possibly be real friends. Some even used "Facebook friend" as a synonym for shallowness, fearing people might trade face-to-face interaction for a virtual life online.
But many years, re-tweets, meet-ups, event invitations and birthday wishes later, the majority of the people I know now consider at least some of their online friends to be extended family. Which made me wonder — does social media actually encourage people to connect IRL, or "in real life"? Read more…
(Source: robnielsen)
6 Ways to Socially Reward Your Customers
Looking to build your customer base and keep people coming back for more?
The answer is to reward your customers.Want to know how? Keep reading…
~> read full article on socialmediaexaminer.com
(Source: webfeuer)
The question of whether or not social media drives ROI still plagues many marketers and brands. The issue is not always as straightforward as it seems, as there are multiple ways to measure the benefits of social media and it isn't as simple as looking for a direct sales return at one end, with the social media imput at the other. Smart tracking and measuring is needed to fully capture the benefit of a social media campaign and while looking for direct ROI is one way to do it, there are other values to be measure from social media marketing. I've put together a list of case studies that prove the ROI of social media, both through direct monetary return, customer loyalty, repeat traffic and more. Viewing social media holistically to gain a better understanding of how it can work for you is more beneficial to any brand than looking for one single return. Remember that social media marketing is not the same as online advertising ; it's not necessarily something that can be switched on and off to directly produce revenue. Read more…
(Source: greggyour)


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Suzy Welch, author of "10-10-10" and co-author of "Winning" with her husband, Jack, the former boss of General Electric & Co. , opined Wednesday afternoon that the government has it in for poor J.P. Morgan Chase & Co. .
She tweeted:
JP Morgan being investigated by eight federal agencies. Eight.Tell me that's not a vendetta.
— Suzy Welch (@SuzyWelch) March 27, 2013
Welch's husband Jack, famously tweeted last year about his suspicions that employment data were being cooked to benefit President Obama's presidential campaign.
The Twitterverse promptly tweeted back about the notoriously smooth growth of GE profits during Welch's tenure.
J.P. Morgan executives were grilled on Capitol Hill last week over huge losses of around $6 billion incurred by the so-called London Whale trader.
The company is also now reportedly under investigation for failing to alert regulators to questions about Bernard Madoff's ponzi scheme. Madoff told MarketWatch in an email Wednesday banks were complicit in his multi-billion dollar scam.
All told, according to the New York Times DealBook Blog, J.P. Morgan is under investigation by at least 8 federal agencies. They include the FDIC, the CFTC, and the SEC, as well as prosecutors and the FBI.
-- Tom Bemis
Follow The Tell blog on Twitter @thetellblog


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Super easy and very good. I stir-fried some chicken to help encourage my kids to eat it - and they did! Will definitely make again.
Broccoli Slaw with Oranges and Crunchy Noodles
sigmakap95 Posted: 10/22/10
Emscot20 Posted: 02/17/11
This recipe was great but I will admit, I tweaked it. I thought there was too much going on and it added a lot of extra fats (sunflower seeds). I omitted the celery, carrot, sunflower seed and chestnuts. I brought the oil down to 3 TBSP and I swapped mandarin oranges for the fresh. I also added some more toasted almonds. I cut the fat in half and did not sacrafice the flavor.
Pleahy Posted: 10/26/10
This was so simple. I cut everything up before going off to work and then had my husband add the dressing just before I got home. Very tasty, simple and great flavor. It lasted for 2 meals.
CourtneyH685 Posted: 05/26/11
The dressing on this slaw is the perfect blend of spicy, salty, and sweet. I loved the combination of crunchy veggies, though I omitted the water chestnuts and green onions. I also decided to forgo the sunflower seeds, almonds, and crunchy noodles and topped the slaw with toasted sesame seeds, instead.
MadamMaddyKJ26 Posted: 05/27/11
Very good! Love the oranges and the crunch of the noodles. Plus, i love the extra kick from the red pepper!
Kathryn2000 Posted: 05/18/11
LOVE it... one of my new favorites. I made it exactly as described and wouldn't change a thing.
cpalma Posted: 08/28/11
I also omitted the sunflower seeds and the ramen noodles to lower the fat. I also used 1/4 cup of oil instead of 1/3 C. I used a broccoli slaw mix and some coleslaw mix to eliminate all the chopping. It was quite good. The dressing is very good. I would make this again. I might use chow mein noodles next time and eliminate the almonds.
Margorita Posted: 07/10/12
Nice & healthy! Great for a light dinner during the hot summer. I added a red pepper and omitted all nuts (allergy). I totally forgot about the Ramen & will add it tomorrow for some crunch The dressing is good but I'll probably run out. Store bought yummy ginger dressing would work nicely. I also poached a few chicken breasts and added that to it. A rotisserie chicken would work just as well. Will definitely make this again, it's a wonderful veggie boost.
brendaprowse Posted: 04/09/12
I followed the recipe though doubled it. A huge pottery bowl was mounded up with the bright colored vegetables. Dressing wasn't added until just before serving at the Easter Buffet for a group of 20 friends. Everyone loved this salad: the bowl was emptied in the first half hour. It has just the right crunchiness, saltiness and sweetness. Definitely will make it again.
Joutesgab Posted: 11/24/13
Excellent version of this salad.


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Save $50 on Freeman Combo Kit
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WoodRiver® Universal Mobile Base Kit
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Iwoulf buy Sauers veneer packs any time
Rainforest boxer
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Oak, Red Veneer 12 sq ft pack
I use Sauers veneer for the exterior finish on plywood I make for making small wood boxes. It is beautiful wood and an excellant product.
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Cognitive and Social Factors Affecting the Use of Wikipedia and Information Seeking.
Publication Type
Journal Article
Publication Date
Wikipedia, the free online encyclopedia, is the preferred choice among resources used by college students to meet their research needs. However, Wikipedia has been criticized for its low information quality, lack of accountability, inconsistency, and vulnerability to vandalism. Despite the warnings and concerns voiced by academia, online learning tools such as Wikipedia will continue their rise as major learning resource in today's classroom. Using a sample of 184 college students, the study proposed theoretical models to test the effects of internal beliefs, motivations, and social influences on Wikipedia use and information-seeking, and further empirically tested those models. The findings of this study suggested that Wikipedia use is driven by internal belief and peer pressure, whereas information-seeking is influenced by belief, motivation, and subjective norms. The implications of the findings for the research and practice are discussed.
Wikipedia, online learning tool, motivation, belief, social influences, information-seeking.
Canadian Journal of Learning and Technology.
Additional URL
CHUNG, Siyoung.
Cognitive and Social Factors Affecting the Use of Wikipedia and Information Seeking.. (2012). Canadian Journal of Learning and Technology.. , 38(3)
, 1-20. Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business.
Available at: http://ink.library.smu.edu.sg/lkcsb_research/3317
This document is currently not available here.


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New Lymphoma Treatment Promising 8-Year Survival Rate Was 86% With Bexxar in Previously Untreated Patients WebMD Health News By Charlene Laino Reviewed by Louise Chang, MD More from WebMD Using...
Click here to read the full story.
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WTVQ.com supports children's privacy rights. All persons under the age of 13 MUST have parental permission to use this website and direct parental supervision is strongly recommended.


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Narrow your search
Sports Illustrated's annual swimsuit issue has just hit newsstands, and it contains photos of a weightless Kate Upton. But shooting a supermodel in zero gravity turns out to be a lot more chaotic than it appears.
Test Baker marked the first-ever underwater nuclear explosion when the 23 kiloton device was detonated on July 25, 1946.
A Georgia student is shocked that a photo she posted to Facebook is used by a school director of technology as an example of how what you post stays public forever. The student wants $2 million.
An initial impression of this morning's exhibition halls revealed a possible restraint on the part of companies. Has the tech world finally made sexual progress?
App Badabing serves a vast social need -- the need to look only at friends' bikini pics.
Designers use nylon discs of varying sizes connected by springs to create bikinis that "flow" around the contours of the body.
Web video of bikini-clad models dancing around Fiat Cabrio on a cold winter day in Amsterdam.
Pacific Design's case is an exercise in marketing
Undress the models in Moosejaw's winter catalog with the Moosejaw X-Ray app. The augmented-reality app removes all those cold weather layers to show off the boxers and bikinis beneath.
Bikinis, cell phones, and more bikinis. Check out this cell phone "fashion" show.


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There's nothing old about the Old French sterling flatware pattern. In fact, this design features clean lines and simple styling for a fresh accent to any table decor.
Weights & Dimensions
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|Material: Sterling Silver Flatware
|Handle Pattern: Bordered
|Handle Material: Sterling Silver
|Country of Manufacture: United States
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OUR SKU # GRM2622This item is also sometimes listed under the following manufacturer numbers: G6001846


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Gary is currently playing lives dates and recording with Keeghan Nolan, Duane Carleton and the Backwoods Messiahs, Carol Ann Jones and The Superchargers and 8084. He is also also working with popular cover bands RMX and Killin' Time. Check the schedule for dates.
Gary's major influences include Danny Seraphine of Chicago, Ian Paice of Deep Purple, Jeff Pocaro of Toto, Jon Bonham of Led Zeppelin and famous 60's and 70's studio drummer, Hal Blaine.
Throughout his career, Gary has opened up for many artists including: The Lost Trailers, Bucky Covington, Josh Gracin, David Alan Coe, Tracy Lawrence, Josh Thompson, Warrant, Honeymoon Suite, Rick Derringer, Kitty Wells and Tammy Wynette.
Email Gary if you would like him to play on your next project!


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9 thoughts on "urdu novel – Amar Bail by Umera Ahmed"
My friend had read this novel and SHE says,once i started i could not stop reading….and i believe 100% what she says…………………….
Xcatly! I have no words to explain that how much i love Amar Bail…..Painful & touchy story;(
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- You are here:
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fiesta delivery problems
2011 Ford Fiesta – Click above for high-res image galleryThe Ford Fiesta launch was supposed to be smooth as glass, but few complex plans go off without a hitch. The first samples of Ford's hot subcompact were stalled due to hazardous weather near the Mexico assembly plant where it's ...
2011 Ford Fiesta – Click above for high-res image galleryThose waiting patiently for one of the most anticipated new vehicles of the year are going to have wait just a little bit longer. According to Automotive News, Ford has been forced to delay the initial shipments of the 2011 Fiesta by ...
2011 Ford Fiesta – Click above for high-res image galleryFord has said all along that its hotly anticipated Fiesta would arrive in dealerships this summer, but an Automotive News report shows that some customers are getting a bit anxious waiting for their new ride. Production copies of the ...


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GREAT RECIPE! Quick, easy and delicious. I cut the recipe in half and was very pleased with the results. Used varying amounts of food dye to make a cake with a gradient effect. I will use this frosting recipe again and again!
Vanilla Frosting
Photo: Lee Harrelson; Styling: Jan Gautro, Laura Zapalowski
This vanilla frosting can be flavored many ways; see our variations that follow. You can make the frosting up to 2 days ahead; cover and chill. Bring to room temperature and stir until creamy and spreadable before using.
This recipe goes with Brown Dog Cupcakes
Yield: Makes about 2 1/2 cups
More From Sunset
Recipe Time
Prep Time:
Nutritional Information
Amount per serving
- Calories: 86
- Calories from fat: 48%
- Protein: 0.1g
- Fat: 4.6g
- Saturated fat: 2.9g
- Carbohydrate: 11g
- Fiber: 0.0g
- Sodium: 84mg
- Cholesterol: 13mg
- 1 cup (1/2 lb.) unsalted butter, at room temperature
- 4 cups (1 lb.) powdered sugar, sifted
- 1/8 teaspoon salt
- 2 tablespoons milk
- 2 teaspoons vanilla
- In a bowl, with a mixer (preferably fitted with whisk attachment) on low speed, beat butter, 2 cups powdered sugar, and the salt until blended. Add milk and vanilla; beat until blended. Add remaining powdered sugar, 1 cup at a time, beating until incorporated. Turn mixer to high speed and beat frosting until fluffy and smooth.
- Coffee frosting: Replace milk and vanilla with 4 teaspoons instant espresso powder dissolved in 3 tablespoons hot water, then cooled.
- Lemon frosting: Replace milk with 2 tablespoons lemon juice, and vanilla with 2 teaspoons grated lemon peel.
- Mint frosting: Replace vanilla with 4 teaspoons crème de menthe or 1 teaspoon mint extract and 2 or 3 drops green food coloring, if desired.
- Orange frosting: Replace milk with 2 tablespoons orange juice, and vanilla with 2 teaspoons grated orange peel.
- Note: Nutritional analysis is per tablespoon of Vanilla Frosting.
My Notes
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Vanilla Frosting Recipe at a Glance
- COURSE: Desserts, Cakes/Frostings
- CONVENIENCE: Kid-Friendly, Quick/Easy
- MAIN INGREDIENT: Dairy
- DIETARY CONSIDERATION: Low Sodium
- PUBLICATION: Sunset
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Having nabbed another #1 single with her Nate Ruess collab "Just Give Me a Reason," Pink is sticking with the formula by releasing another song with a guest spot from a critically adored singer-songwriter: the Lily Allen-assisted "True Love," a maddeningly catchy standout from her 2012 LP The Truth About Love.
According to Digital Spy, the single was announced last week at an RCA label showcase in London, and it's a canny move for Pink: "True Love" belongs more to the "Blow Me (One Last Kiss)" school of snarky pop-rock than it does to her more emotional side — as showcased on "Try" and "Just Give Me a Reason" — so it's probably a good change of pace; lyrics like, "At the same time, I wanna hug you / I wanna wrap my hands around your neck / You're an asshole, but I love you" are as groan-inducingly Pink as they come. Allen's cult following, too, should help buoy interest in the track.
Watch the lyric video up top, and prepare to hear "True Love" everywhere: It's probably bound to be ubiquitous.
Do you think Pink's "True Love" should be her next single? Head over to Directlyrics.com to read the full lyrics, then sound off about the song on Facebook and Twitter.
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Dancing With The Stars Season 12 Cast!
Tuesday, March 1st, 2011
It's almost time for the 12th season of Dancing With the Stars, and during last night's episode of The Bachelor, the cast was revealed!
- Kendra Wilkinson-Baskett, 25, reality TV star
- Hines Ward, 34, Pittsburgh Steelers wide receiver
- Ralph Macchio, 49, the original Karate Kid
- Sugar Ray Leonard, 54, former world champion fighter and member of the International Boxing Hall of Fame
- Chris Jericho, 40, WWF/WWE champion and host of the ABC game show Downfall
- Kirstie Alley, 60, Emmy winner and sometimes-Fat Actress
- Romeo, 21, rapper, son of Master P
- Chelsea Kane, 22, star of animated Disney Channel series Fish Hooks, costarred on Jonas L.A.
- Wendy Williams, 46, talk-show host
- Petra Nemcova, 31, supermodel
- "Psycho" Mike Catherwood, 31, Love Line cohost, L.A. radio personality
They have a great variety of people when it comes to what they're known for as usual, but will they live up to the hype of last season? Will you be watching the show this time around?


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Girl Up envisions a world where all girls, no matter where they live, have the opportunity to become educated, healthy, safe, counted and positioned to be the next generation of leaders.sign up
Since 2012, Girl Up has helped more than 20,000 girls in developing countries. But the truth is, our work is far from being done. We're just getting started.watch more videos
Twenty years ago some big things happened for women and last week I had the honor of commemorating these moments.
They're big, they're bold, and they're bringing a brighter future. The United Nation's Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) will go down in history as being a unified global effort to reinvigorate the fight against world poverty.
The Girl Up family gets bigger by the day. Welcome, Mistie Bass! This WNBA star, Duke University graduate, and passionate humanitarian is now also the newest Girl Up Champion.
On August 12, the global community celebrates International Youth Day— a day where the world turns its attention to the incredible potential of its youth and acknowledges the real impact that young people have already made in their communities.
Today marks the first ever World Day against Trafficking in Persons, a day to raise awareness of this global problem, explore solutions and show solidarity with the victims of human trafficking. We're supporting the effort to end human trafficking by advocating for the Girls Count Act.
Today, the UK government and UNICEF will co-host the first ever Girls Summit, bringing together people from around the world to discuss ways to end child marriage and FGM. Will you join in and show your support?
It's here. It's finally here. The Girls Count Act of 2014 was just introduced in the Senate – and we have to act now! Here's what you need to know:
Over the course of two years, the name Malala Yousafzai has become synonymous to strength, courage, and resilience. Join the global community on July 14 by raising your voice this Malala Day and making Malala's 17th birthday wish come true!
What happens when you put 175 passionate girl leaders (and one brave boy!) from 28 states and 6 countries in one room? Magic - Girl Up Leadership Summit kind of magic.
The only time I had ever heard the word refugee was rocking out to Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers' song simply titled "Refugee." It wasn't until I had the opportunity to visit and interact with refugee girls in Ethiopia that I finally understood what that word meant.


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Summery Rosemary-Thyme-Lemon Oil
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This recipe was uploaded by Mia
Summer means being outdoors and that means spending less time in the kitchen. This is one of the shortcuts that I use to keep things easy but still pack a lot of flavor into all the fresh summer produce available now. Use a few teaspoons of this oil, toss with chunks of zucchini, and roast on high heat for 30 minutes ... and you won't be complaining about all that zucchini you've got in the fridge. You can rub it onto beef or chicken before grilling, drizzle it over steamed greens or broccoli, toss it into your salad ... wherever you want to add flavor. A little bit goes a long way.
Using a vegetable peeler, take the peel off of the lemons in long strips. Put the strips and the oil into a saucepan and turn the heat on medium-low. Keep an eye on it. When the lemon peel starts to bubble, let it bubble gently for about 15 - 20 seconds and then remove it from the heat. Let it cool for a few minutes. Add the herbs and marinate the mixture for 30 minutes to an hour. You can also put it into a jar and store it for future use (this is what I do!).


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Loco Dice Presents Used & Abused Radio Show #3 – Dubfire
Posted in Playlists by Mike Craig on Jun 26, 2013
If you're a fan of techno, I know you won't bother to read the rest of this post seeing the names Loco Dice and Dubfire together before clicking play. Loco Dice has been bringing us his Used and Abused radio show each week now from Ibiza this summer and in his third installment he's invited the legendary Dubfire to man the decks. Ali Shirazinia, better known as Dubfire, gives...
Tags: Dubfire, Ibiza, Loco Dice, used and abused


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GoPro: Unicycling Moab – YouTube (madness but man … the power of visual storytelling!)
September 19
Slides from my presentation at the Agency Symposium in Hunter Valley (AUS), today: future of advertising, marketing, agencies
September 18
The Future of In-Flight Entertainment: Virtual Reality? (interesting trend)
September 17
The future of connectivity, big data and consumer rights: my slides from the ACCAN 'connecting today's consumer' conference in Sydney
September 16
Interviews with Berner Zeitung (Switzerland, in German): The Future of Jobs
September 14
HBO Go without needing cable? Welcome to the future of television (good insights via the Guardian)
September 14
Did You Know You Had Diabetes? It's All Over the Internet (interesting read via Bloomberg)
September 12
Most Read Posts
- • Chart: People Rarely Unplug From Technology (via Statista) (235 views)
- ▶ At Home with the World's Most Connected Man | Mashable - YouTube (made me think) (219 views)
- Slides from my keynotes at CA Technology Expo in Sydney, and IT Leaders events in Brisbane, Canberra, Perth: the future of business and technology. New: VIDEO from Sydney (171 views)
- Via Fernando del Rio: 10 Términos Y Expresiones Futuristas - Los Neologismos Favoritos Del Futurista Gerd Leonhard (Spanish Translation of my 10 fav memes) (157 views)
- The slides with my presentation at RDV Media in Montreal: Future of Media and Marketing in a digital world (147 views)
- ▶ Rita McGrath: The End of Competitive Advantage Trailer - YouTube (145 views)
- The music industry: still obsessed with yesterday's logic (134 views)
- News Corp exec labels Google 'platform 4 piracy' http://t.co/JMtpHQP2t3 foolish if understandable imho Google could improve trust strategy2
- HBO Go without needing cable? Welcome to the future of television | Media http://t.co/hFfNztyHON yep
- RT @dtapscott: Our latest research: New Network Capabilities in Climate-Resilient Agriculture and Food Security http://t.co/HEhxd7p5Mu
- Tesla cars will run on autopilot within 5 years: Elon Musk | Impact Lab http://t.co/2AzZlvqwUg I tend to agree on that
- «Um Köche muss man sich keine Sorgen machen» - bernerzeitung.ch: Nichts verpassen http://t.co/jDOPe1hpBq
- "Dense text that we really want to understand requires deep reading, and on the internet we don't do that" http://t.co/r6SJeu4wqu
- Where Will Humans Fit in the Second Machine Age? | Keen On...
- Future of business, technology, app economy. Futurist Speaker Gerd Leonhard at CAExpoAU
- Design to Disrupt: Keynote by Futurist Speaker Gerd Leonhard at VINT2014
- The Future Show with Gerd Leonhard. Episode 1, Season 1: Privacy Failure
- Being Human In A Digital Society: my presentation at Future Day 2014 in Istanbul
- The future of music: creators, consumers and the industry. Futurist Speaker Gerd Leonhard at DAFM13
- The Future of the Internet: Futurist Speaker Gerd Leonhard at ITU World Bangkok 2013


text: It might be a tad bit far reaching to be considered a gadget, but hey, anything that facilitates eating and drinking an assortment of foods with dip in the mix is a gadget in my book. The Go Plate fits bottles, cups and cans and 42 of them can be yours for $48. Did I mention that it is dish washer safe?


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Bay St. Louis, Mississippi
Whether you're planning a quick trip or searching for a new coastal town to put down roots, quaint Bay St. Louis has all the charm you're looking for.
Beach lovers with a penchant for old architecture and affordable renovation spaces will love this small town city (population 9,408) that's a mix of Southern grace, mystery, and heat. Bay St. Louis located 90 miles east of New Orleans is like a blank canvas at the junction of marsh, river, and Gulf of Mexico beach. Following you'll find a few of its most charming spots.
Eight years ago this town was put to the test when Hurricane Katrina ripped through the heart of the city. But the community rallied, rebuilt, and has regained its artsy, quirky independence.
In Old Town, you'll find the local library (Hancock County Library System), an artist co-op (Gallery 220), Maggie May's art gallery (228/463-1670), and The Buttercup on Second Street restaurant. There's also a yoga studio (Tree House Yoga), and the remodeled Century Hall for art, antiques, and retail shops.
Minutes away from Main Street, the Depot District boasts some of the town's best eateries, shops, and a community theater (Bay St. Louis Little Theatre).
The best sandy spot is right at the end of Main Street on St. Louis Bay—marshland to the north and open bay to the south, east, and west. Take Beach Boulevard's bike/walk path along the wide, sandy beach for three miles from Washington Avenue American Legion Pier in town to the Garfield Ladner Pier in Waveland.
Drive less than an hour down Highway 90 across the Rigolets wetlands into New Orleans for the evening. If you want to stay in town, catch live entertainment at the Mockingbird Café or Bay St. Louis Little Theatre.
The Mockingbird Café is a coffee house by day and restaurant with pub—think burgers, paninis, and salads—at night. Outside the café, quiet streets lined with century-old Craftsman bungalows make a grid and lead toward the long beach (called The Beach) on the town's southeast corner.
The colorfully decorated Rickey's reopened in the Zuppardo's Bay Plaza shopping center six months after Hurricane Katrina destroyed the original building. Luckily, beloved menu items such as the seafood muffaletta also reappeared.
In Bay St. Louis, you'll find a community mix of retirees, vacation-home owners from New Orleans, and water-loving families. One of the town's favorite pastimes is to bike or walk across the new Bay St. Louis Bridge to Pass Christian to fish from the pier.
Where to Stay: Ellis Anderson's The Webb School has a 1,200-square-foot rental with high ceilings, a kitchen, back deck, and front porch; 228/493-2107 or webschool.blogspot.com.
Find additional listings at vrbo.com/218850.


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Smarter Decisions,
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|AuthorsAlan Cheng, MDBrian Olshansky, MD
|Section EditorsWilson S Colucci, MDBradley P Knight, MD, FACC
|Deputy EditorGordon M Saperia, MD, FACC
Topic Outline
In the general population of patients with atrial fibrillation (AF), the main goals of therapy are the control of symptoms and the prevention of arterial thromboembolism, particularly stroke. (See "Atrial fibrillation: Anticoagulant therapy to prevent embolization", section on 'Summary and recommendations'.) These goals are also true for the relatively large subset of AF patients with heart failure (HF). In such patients, the adverse hemodynamic consequences of AF can quickly lead to a decrease in exercise capacity and a worsening of symptoms, both of which may be difficult to manage [1,2]. Similar to the general population, no survival advantage has conclusively been demonstrated with either a rate- or a rhythm-control strategy to manage the abnormal rhythm. (See 'Effect on cardiac function' below.)
This topic will discuss the epidemiology, prognosis, and management of AF in patients with HF. This discussion will focus mainly on the ways in which the control of rate and rhythm may differ from the general population of patients with AF. An overview of the evaluation and management of AF is discussed separately. (See "Overview of atrial fibrillation".)
For the purposes of this topic, HF refers to patients with symptomatic systolic left ventricular dysfunction, unless otherwise stated.
The incidence of atrial fibrillation (AF) in patients with heart failure (HF) was examined in an analysis from the Framingham Heart Study in which 1470 participants developed AF, HF, or both over a 47-year interval [3]. Among the 708 who developed HF without prior AF, 159 (22 percent) subsequently developed AF over a mean follow-up of 4.2 years (incidence rate 5.4 percent per year) (figure 1). Somewhat similar findings were noted for patients who developed AF first; the subsequent incidence of HF was 3.3 percent per year. In another report from the Framingham Heart Study, the odds ratio for developing AF over a two-year interval among patients with HF was 4.5 for men and 4.9 for women [4].
The prevalence of AF in patients with HF varies from <10 to 50 percent, depending in part upon the severity of HF and New York Heart Association (NYHA) class [5-10]. In the V-HeFT trials of patients with mild to moderate HF, AF was present in 14 percent [5]. In three cohorts of patients with more advanced HF referred for heart transplant evaluation, AF was present in 20 to 27 percent, respectively [6,9]. African Americans in general have lower incidences of AF and this is also true for AF in HF (20 versus 38 percent in one report) [11]. The reasons for this are unclear.
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- Sam Ash Gift Guides
- Hot Deals
- Guitars
- Bass
- Accessories
- Live Sound
- Keyboards
- Microphones & Wireless
- Recording
- DJ & Lighting
- Drums
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This highly entertaining book is packed with insights from the most successful music producers and full of revealing anecdotes about the business and the stars. now in its third edition and used as a teaching tool in major colleges, it has become the definitive guide to the art - and the business - of music and record production. SELLING POINTS: Richard Burgess has produced hit singles and albums for many artists including Spandau Ballet, Adam Ant, Five Star, and New Edition. Updated edition explores vital career issues such as the impact of technology and the internet.
|The Art Of Music Production 3rd Edition
|The Art Of Music Production


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Plato bequeathed us a trio of ultimate values—truth, beauty, and goodness—but through the ages, the arts have been most closely allied with beauty. By the nineteenth century, the romanticist John Keats would open his epic Endymion with the line "A thing of beauty is a joy forever" and close his "Ode on a Grecian Urn" with the paeon "Beauty is truth, truth beauty." Beauty became a virtual religion for aestheticist poets and painters a few decades after Keats. But at the height of this worship, the winds were already shifting. "The time for beauty is over," declared Gustave Flaubert in 1852, and one short century of avant-garde experimentation later, the balloon was punctured once and for all. "Beauty is shoe, shoe beauty," quipped Andy Warhol, transforming the romantic ideal of beauty into a joke and a fetish.
Every age construes beauty somewhat differently, but it has seldom if ever happened that the arts have rejected it outright. But that is what happened in artistic practice and theory throughout much of the twentieth century. The great modernist innovators had little interest in providing their audience with uplifting experiences, gratification, or transcendent joy, or any of the benefits previously assigned to beauty. They were intent instead on questioning all assumptions from the past, expressing the unprecedented speed and violence of twentieth-century life, provoking, disorienting, shocking. With these aims, the beautiful, which Immanuel Kant had described in terms of harmony, symmetry, and balance, could only seem retrograde and counterproductive. If we speak at all of the beauty of modernist art, we mean something entirely different from what Keats—or Plato or Vitruvius or Oscar Wilde—had in mind.
But it is no easy matter to say what that difference is. Beauty is a formidably complex notion approached head-on. A wiser tack is to come at it through its perennial symbols, for example, the female subject in art, which has over time served as an analog for the beauty of art itself. The ornament is another carrier of the idea of the beautiful. It is possible to understand twentieth-century beauty as a dance among four interconnected symbols of beauty: woman, fetish, form, and ornament.
We might begin with Warhol's "Beauty is Shoe." This little literary spoof was added as a legend to one of Warhol's whimsical shoe drawings. On the face of it, the quip seems innocuous enough: just a passing joke. But jokes have their serious underside, and we should recall that the shoe is the archetypical fetish object: a neurotic substitute, according to Freud, for the "normal" object of sexual desire, the female body, which an early trauma has rendered threatening to the fetishist. Warhol's joke might be construed, then, as implying that the "truth" in Keats' exalted notion of beauty is in fact just a cover for the overvalued object of sexual desire. Indeed, Keats repeatedly used woman as a symbol of the value arrived at through artistic striving. "The imagination may be compared to Adam's dream [of Eve]—he awoke and found it truth." Warhol outs Keats, as it were, by replacing the "truth" of the hidden woman with a real fetish, a shoe, radiating glamor, trauma, and taboo. In doing so, he conveys an ambivalence toward beauty common among twentieth-century artists: at once repelled and attracted, contemptuous and threatened, modernists demeaned beauty as something trivial, tawdry, pretentious, or sentimental. Many in the twenty-first century still find it necessary to do so.
Obviously, it was not always so. Throughout much of the history of art, female figures present themselves to the viewer's gaze as objects of beauty. We might recall the elegant female portraits of Thomas Gainsborough or John Singer Sargent, the odalisques of Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres, the bold peasants of Francisco Goya, and the allegorical or exotic nudes of Titian. In a much repeated trope, female figures gaze at their own images in mirrors with a narcissistic pleasure and fascination meant to echo or incite the viewer's response. The beauty and allure of these subjects are offered as unashamed analogs to the appeal of the art in which they figure.
beauty presents a standard of comparison, and it can cause resentment and dissatisfaction when not achieved. People who do not fit the "beauty ideal" may be ostracized within their communities
I find that readers respond very well to Beauty is Shoe posts that present your personal weaknesses, failings and the gaps in your individual information relatively than those posts the place you come across as figuring out every thing there is to know on a topic. People are attracted to humility and are extra possible to answer it than a post written in a tone of somebody who would possibly harshly reply to their comments.


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Here at ProMotion Media, we believe that businesses of all sizes deserve the best! We have the resources and the expertise to create anything from an elaborate corporate marketing campaign to the first advertising video for a start-up. Our team of writers, directors, producers and videographers will apply the same level of dedication and excellence to every project, whether it is a single-camera studio interview or a complex commercial location shoot requiring multiple cameras and crew.
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Financial services event video in Portsmouth
We recently finished a fantastic Portsmouth video production for 8 Wealth Management, a principal partner practice of St. James's Place Wealth Management. 8 Wealth Management is helmed by Managing Director Ian Riggs, who has worked in the financial services industry since 1992. 8 Wealth Management …
Long Term Time Lapse video production for Dutch firm, Eneco
ProMotion Media were contacted by sustainable energy company, Eneco in The Netherlands, over the Christmas Holidays in 2013. Eneco is an energy company with a big difference! It is the first energy company in the world to be declared a Climate Saver by the WWF. …
3 Video Package for Eurotubes
ProMotion Media were contacted by Greg Bedford, Director of Eurotubes in Portland, Dorset to consult on video content for their new website which is being launched in July. Greg is a second generation Director of Eurotubes, which was established in the mid 1980's by his …
3 key elements that every video advertisement should have
There are 3 key elements that are great rules to use when making a business video that advertises a product or service. 1. The first is length. Videos are optimally around a minute to a minute and a half, ideally. It is really quite amazing …
A Training Video for Abicare in Salisbury
"Abicare services had no problem at all with selecting ProMotion Media as THE company to go with. From the first meeting they seemed to understand exactly what we wanted and how we worked. When the team turned up to film they fitted in with us …
Time Lapse Video Production in Swindon
ProMotion Media were contacted by Eneco Holland to create a time lapse video production of their latest project for their U.K. branch, just outside of Swindon. Eneco are a environmentally conscious energy company. Together with their 2.1 million customers and many other partners, Eneco works on …


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Threat Description
Hard is a Visual Basic Script mass mailer (worm) that tries to disguise a virus warning.
Automatic Disinfection
Allow F-Secure Anti-Virus to disinfect the relevant files.
For more general information on disinfection, please see Removal Instructions.
Technical Details
Hard.A worm spreads to all resipients listed in Outlook Express address book. It arrives in a message that looks as follows:
----- Original Message ----- From: email@example.com To: firstname.lastname@example.com; firstname.lastname@example.com; firstname.lastname@example.com; firstname.lastname@example.com; firstname.lastname@example.com; email@example.com; email@example.com Subject: FW: Symantec Anti-Virus Warning Hello, There is a new worm on the Net. This worm is very fast-spreading and very dangerous! Symantec has first noticed it on April 04, 2001. The attached file is a description of the worm and how it replicates itself. With regards, F. Jones Symantec senior developer Attachment: www.symantec.com.vbs
Hard.A contaians a payload that activates on November 24. Then the worm shows a message box with the following title and text:
Some shocking news Don't look surprised! It is only a warning about your stupidity Take care!
Technical Details: Katrin Tocheva, F-Secure Corporation; May, 2001
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Give advice. Get advice. Share the knowledge on our free discussion forum.


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I guess I'll copy my notebook entry here as I would really like to hear some opinions on the subject (I had no idea how it works on this site) ;) Great thanks to Frank for correcting it and adding some commas.
Ok, here we go...
As soon as I got a stable Internet connection at home, which was about 5 years ago (I know, I know... it's XXI century and stuff..), I joined several language exchange sites with the most grandiose plans to master Swahili and Japanese, Arabic and Afrikaans.Naturally it led me nowhere, as it seemed like no one in the language exchange community was actually interested in the language exchange itself. So after a few rather pathetic attempts I gave up on it, though I kept hanging around penpal sites, which after all did help me with my English quite a lot.Personally I don't believe in pure "language exchange", for me it is much more important to have something in common with the person I communicate with than to have a language exchange partner who is experienced in teaching.And of course by "penpaling" I don't mean just snail mail correspondance or emails exchange. For me it includes most of the modernt means of virtual communication - emails, text chat, video chat.So have you ever tried to penpal? What was your penpal experience?
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Robbaz plays (and breaks) Thief
I had high hopes for this game, but it seems to be letdown by borderline-retarded AI and simplified mechanics. But, that also makes it a perfect game for Robbaz to play. So, it isn't a total loss.
posted 02 March, 2014by delsydsoftware
Breakfast time: Robbaz makes some Scandinavian blood pancakes
Mmm blood pancakes… they kind of look like placenta in the end, but shit I'd try it.
posted 27 June, 2013by Wyldcard Fenix
Robbaz plays Surgeon Simulator 2013, removes hearts
posted 26 April, 2013by lnfadelity
Watch Robbaz hunt innocent moose and bear in The Hunter
Gotta catch 'em all!
posted 21 April, 2013by cranberryzero
Grand Theft Walrus - Dating
We are so lucky to have Robbaz on Youtube. Life just wouldn't be the same without him. :)
posted 22 December, 2012by delsydsoftware
Robbaz gets his hands on Scribblenauts Unlimited for the Wii U
And yes, it involves walruses. And pizza. And dancing. Oh, good times were had.
Submitted by Delsyd
posted 07 December, 2012by cranberryzero
IHC After Dark: Robbaz plays with Spore
And yes, he creates a walrus. And yes, it has a nice ass and nipple horns.
posted 19 July, 2012by cranberryzero
Robbaz video of the day: Getting to Whimseyshire in Diablo 3
Robbaz King of Sweden shows us how to get to Whimsyshire, a secret magical land full of ponies and rainbows in Diablo 3.
posted 17 May, 2012by Keggeroo
Robbaz, King of Sweden, gets a nasty warning letter from EA
If you've ever seen any of Robbaz's videos, you know that he's not afraid to scream all sorts of things into his mic when he's getting his Battlefield on. It looks like some pussy couldn't take the heat and complained to EA because he said the S WORD, as in "Now time to unlock shit for the tanks". Which of course, is probably one of the least offensive things he's ever said. Stupid EA.
posted 25 April, 2012by cranberryzero
Robbaz video of the day: Robbaz ruins relationships in 'Facade'
I've tried playing Facade (download it for free here), but it didn't seem to want to run on my new-er end Mac running 10.7, but it's also available for Windows. If anyone wants to do a review of it, even though it's several years old, let me know.
posted 02 April, 2012by cranberryzero
Robbaz, the King of Sweden has fun with a sniper shotgun and C4 traps in Battlefield 3
posted 13 March, 2012by cranberryzero


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The Pupil 2
Returns 18 October, Tuesday, 10pm
About The Show
The lawyers from Roberts & Fong are back, with more exciting cases inspired by actual events, as well as odd clients and twists and turns in and out of the courtroom!
Join Dennis Tang (Adrian Pang), Wendy Lim (Asian Television Awards Best Actress Rebecca Lim), Angela Ang (Janice Koh), Nisa (Elfaeza Ul Haq) and managing partner Harris Fong (Asian Television Awards Best Supporting Actor Lim Kay Tong) this season as they become embroiled in cases involving casino exclusion orders, haunted HDB flats, a neighbourhood flasher and even a tissue chope-ing incident!
This season, Wendy Lim gets called to the Bar and becomes a full-fledged lawyer, so there's a new Pupil in tow - the handsome, charming Benjamin Wong (George Young), an overseas law school graduate who immediately starts off on the wrong foot with Wendy, but always seems to be in the good books of the partners.
Plus, Wendy has more to deal with on her personal side when her old secondary school classmate, Ginny (Mindee Ong), re-enters her life with a new potential case: Ginny is being stalked and blackmailed by a former acquaintance who threatens to upload sex videos he has of them on his Internet blog. The case takes a dangerous turn when Ginny persuades Wendy to take matters into her own hands and meet up with the sex predator.
Season 2 also stars Keagan Kang as Jacob Fernandez, a criminal lawyer at Roberts & Fong, as well as Tan Kheng Hua, who plays Shirley Wu, an old flame of Harris Fong and his new nemesis.
There are also returning guest stars Richard Low, Alaric Tay and Bobby Tonelli as well as new ones: Carole Lin, Patrick Teoh, and Annabelle Francis join the roster of clients or opposing parties our lawyers must deal with this season of The Pupil.
Tune into the most highly-acclaimed local drama series on Channel 5 for more legal thrills and spills ...


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