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The British Embassy in Addis Ababa is looking for a dynamic Press and Public Affairs officer and Security Guards.
1. LE II Press and Public Affairs Officer - who could proactively lead the Embassy's communication agenda.
Duties & Responsibilities
Present a positive image of the United Kingdom (UK); formulate and implement a dynamic communication strategy and lead the Embassy's engagement with media in order to achieve UK's foreign policy priorities; lead the Embassy's digital output and provide advice to different departments in the Embassy on media and digital handling; monitor local media on issues of key interest, producing timely short, analytical reports; manage public diplomacy budget; lead Embassy outreach with local stakeholders and manage links with the local community
Job Description:
- 40%: Public diplomacy: Design, lead and deliver our communications strategy for Ethiopia, promoting a modern and positive image of the UK and delivering UK-Ethiopia business objectives.
-20%: Press: Draft local press releases, press lines and speaking points, in relation to UK objectives. Organise and lead on all local press events and releases, and provide ad-hoc support on communications for the UK's Department for International Development.
- 20%: Press/Political: Proactively establish and maintain a network of local press contacts to provide insight into topical political, economic and social issues. Produce the daily press summary.
- 10% Digital diplomacy: Ensure a vibrant UK digital diplomacy presence, through creative use of radio and social networking sites. Chair the embassy's website committee
- 5%: Corporate: Bid for and ensure full spend of the Embassy's annual public diplomacy and publications fund
- 5%: Corporate: Contribute to the Embassy's wider management, change and corporate agenda. Provide ad-hoc support to the Embassy's project, political and trade sections.
• Required Education: Bachelor's Degree in any humanities subject, Degrees in communications, journalism, social sciences or English Literature are required. MA in similar fields is desirable.
• Required Experience: A minimum of 5 years of experience in communication work
• Language Requirement: Excellent level of spoken and written English. Fluent Amharic.
• Other Skills: The successful candidate will be expected to work independently, and have proven experience as a 'self starter'. They must have good understanding of the political and social conditions of Ethiopia; and have a solid grasp of UK foreign policy. They must have an awareness of the UK and have creative ideas about how a modern image of the UK can be promoted. They should have the ability to deal effectively at all levels, including with senior members of the Ethiopian government. Good communication and interpersonal skills are essential, as are high degrees of professionalism and reliability. Team working and computer skills are also vita.
Salary, Working Hours & Benefits:
. Normal working hours are 08:00 - 16:45 Monday to Thursday and 8:00 — 13:00 on Fridays.
The successful applicant will occasionally have to work extended hours and travel outside Addis.
• In addition to salary the successful applicant will receive provident fund, medical benefits and 22 days annual leave (after the probation period).
2. LE Vb Security Guard
Duties & Responsibilities:
. Provide security on a 24-hour shift basis;
• Required Education: Completion of High School
• Required Experience: Previous security experience and recommendation from previous employer of security experience
• Language Requirement: Excellent spoken in Amharic and English Language
Salary, Working Hours & Benefits:
• 42 hours per week, on a roster basis working night, early morning, and late evenings shifts
• In addition to salary the successful applicant will receive provident fund, medical benefits and 22 days annual leave (after the probation period)
Application process:
Motivational statement of up to 300 words describing why you want this job and what. you would bring to it with CV and names of references should be submitted physically to the main gate of the British Embassy or via post office to the following address:
1. LE II Press and Public Affairs Officer
P.O. Box 858
British Embassy
Management Section
Addis Ababa
2. LE Vb Security Guard
P.O. Box 858
British Embassy
Management Section
Addis Ababa
Applications can also be emailed to Please put the name of the vacancy on the subject line. Applications will not be accepted after 13:00 PM an 12th of April 2013. Interviews will be conducted shortly afterwards. Unsuccessful applicants will not be contacted.
The British Embassy is an Equal Opportunities Employer.


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Forum / THE MAIN WALL / Congress seeks to jack up fees on home heating oil in midst of frigid winter
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Congress seeks to jack up fees on home heating oil in midst of frigid winter (19 Posts)
knotgrumpy February 3, 2014 @ 1:16 PM
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Congress seeks to jack up fees on home heating oil in midst of frigid winterCongress' mammoth farm bill restores the imposition of an extra fee on home heating oil, hitting consumers in cold-weather states just as utility costs are spiking.
The fee — two-tenths of a cent on every gallon sold — was tacked on to the end of the 959-page bill, which is winding its way through Capitol Hill. The fee would last for nearly 20 years and would siphon the money to develop equipment that is cheaper, more efficient and safer, and to encourage consumers to update their equipment.
Jamie Hall February 3, 2014 @ 1:33 PM
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And if you believe thata) the tax won't wind up being paid by consumers and
b) the money raised will go into research and development to improve oil heating efficiency for all consumers
I have a slightly used, but in excellent condition, bridge in New York to sell you... cash only, of course.Jamie
Building superintendent/caretaker, 7200 sq. ft. historic house museum with dependencies in New England.
Hoffman Equipped System (all original except boiler), Weil-McClain 580, 2.75 gph Carlin, Vapourstat 0.5 -- 6.0 ounces per square inch
knotgrumpy February 3, 2014 @ 3:08 PM
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How aboutSlightly used oil boilers. A fellow has 4 of those for sale on here.
STEVEusaPA February 3, 2014 @ 1:58 PM
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NORATalking about finally re-funding NORA. This is a good thing. It's just about the only way to get out the truth about the oil & gas industry that anyone pays attention to. And yes they do the things they say they are going to do.
How much for the bridge.....:)steve
Jean-David Beyer February 3, 2014 @ 2:31 PM
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tacked on to the end of the 959-page billAmory Lovins, a well-known environmental activist and author, was asked how he could justify cutting down trees to burn in his heating stoves. He replied that he did not cut down trees for that. Well, what does he burn in the stoves. His reply was that he burned energy studies.
With that 959-page bill, you should ask your congressman to send you a copy of the bill every few days and burn it in your fireplace, wood burning stove, etc.
Robert O'Brien February 3, 2014 @ 5:53 PM
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NORAIt's 2/10ths of a cent. On oil that is $4.25/gallon
Ken D. February 3, 2014 @ 8:41 PM
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Oli fees.As volatile the oil prices are today, we really need more costs to our customers, so they switch to another energy source, never to return. I would not mind so much if the money would really be used to better our industry.
HPS February 4, 2014 @ 6:18 AM
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promote energy conservation?The heating oil industry is a model for energy conservation!!...the heating oil industry has already done this. New boilers, burners, properly tuned heating equipment. The customer has spent tens of thousands of dollars on insulation, windows, siding and efficient heating equipment... Has anyone noticed this?...The average customer uses less than half of the heating oil than they did 35+ years ago!...oh and isn't less demand supposed to drive prices of oil down?...it's supply and demand right?
Jack February 7, 2014 @ 4:40 PM
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Perhaps I am a bit behind the times...But agreeing that current building methods have our heat loads tumbling down, where is the affordable burner/boiler that can modulate its fire from 10-50kbtu? Most boilers I am familiar with if a tech goes in and has a .5nozzle and the system is giving problems will likely leave that job having installed a .65 or up firing 30%.
Oil is great heat and a great industry, but at $4.65 a gallon and what I think are Ice's correct comments we are looking at a sunset industry. This is exacerbated by the regional nature of the business too.
Also, storage volume is a problem. Several years ago we were looking to increase the amount of oil you could have in your home. Does the current 31 allow this. I haven't seen it so do not know. For me, I am burying a 1000gal LP tank and using efficient modulating equipment (I think the benefits of modulation largely offset the 92-140kbtu discussion...yes/no?). That carries me past the mid-$eason fill-ups and makes LP the better choice. YMMV;)
SWEI February 7, 2014 @ 9:40 PM
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Not behind the timesthe global energy markets have placed a significant premium on the BTUs in liquid fuels versus those in gaseous fuels. LPG is a liquid, but its lack of broad applicability in transportation applications combined an antiquated distribution system place it in a vaguely alternate universe.
Jack, you are right on the money with regards to modulation. Dynamic matching of the load removes the need for a pickup factor and minimizes standby losses. It also minimizes thermal stress on components, which contributes to longer life and fewer warranty claims.
icesailor February 4, 2014 @ 10:51 AM
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NORA Reasearch Fee's:The money raised from the sale of oil will be turned over to GAMA and the Wall Street Crime Syndicate to consolidate their ownership of all American gas production and distribution.
All North American oil production will be processed for automobile and truck use. The rest sold on the world market for the highest market price.
The only thing lagging behind this story is the galvanized screw.
Mark Eatherton February 5, 2014 @ 11:10 AM
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Chris... (Ice Sailor)GAMA died, and GAMPA took up refuge in Canadahhh. (credit to Jim Davis) :-)
How ya enjoying retirement?
MEIt's not so much a case of "You got what you paid for", as it is a matter of "You DIDN'T get what you DIDN'T pay for, and you're NOT going to get what you thought you were in the way of comfort". Borrowed from Heatboy.
Eastman February 5, 2014 @ 1:50 AM
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Why fund NORA?What am missing?
archibald tuttle February 6, 2014 @ 8:55 AM
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from the frying pan to the boileroh its just a little bit. its for your own good. blah, blah, etc., blah.
welcome, slowly boiler frogs, to Amerika where every ill can be cured by adding a few cents to your energy bill.
today its for some industry do good program for training, technology and promotion. sounds like a great thing for the industry to do, why the IV to our wallets? tomorrow it will be for all of you who struggle to pay your bills to pay for oil for those who have given up the struggle.
(the best news i had from ASHRAE is that HUD is actually allowing subsidized housing to use the more affordable btu metering now available to charge tenants who use more heat.)
and god forbid NORA is successful in lobbying, we'll get a charge on our fuel oil for a bunch of incentives to install expensive condensing oil boilers in non-condensing applications that will run at the same efficency they theoretically could have. This has worked so well on the gas side and is paid for by the other gas customers to support an industry that has essentially orphaned advances in boilers for condensing emitters. Or emphasized boilers over emitters and envelope improvements because they are a more discrete 'upgrade'.
how 'bout a peel and seel giveaway? that at least would accomplish something.
stop me if i sound cynical - oh you probably glazed over several paragraphs back. don't blame ya.
More American, and to the point, we could start a Heatastat for Humanity charity that takes all the discarded oil boilers (maybe short of the snowmen although love those triple pass coal burners. . .) and uses them with gas conversions to replace aging atmospherics.
Yeah, this is a small fee. but it continues the slippery slope of placing social priorities in your fuel bill instead of debating them openly as part of your tax bill. The notion that it can't be passed on prevents really only one strategy, which is an extra line item for another "government tax" on your bill. They don't really care if the cost is passed on, in fact that's what they plan on because they are getting ready to impose some other cost as soon as this one is ironed out. They just don't want it traced back to politicians who have to stand for reelection.
How does it look if they are busy putting a chicken in your pot but having you pay for it by raising the cost of the fuel you use to cook it (alright kerosene stoves are kind of on the outs, but you get the point).
Any industry worth its salt can create NORA programs on their own and can double down, if their claims are real, by financing improved equipment for their customers on promised energy savings. This of course requires those offering these programs to engage in rational upgrades because they don't get paid if energy used doesn't go down.
Meanwhile we enforce anti-trust against industry participants who are successful on their own, while empowering these government created industry cabals to siphon money out of people's pockets - go figure.
brianThis post was edited by an admin on February 6, 2014 8:56 AM.
SWEI February 6, 2014 @ 11:34 AM
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Financing improved equipment for their customers on promised energy savingscreates a conflict when the industry doing the financing is also selling the fuel which gets saved. This is an ongoing challenge for utility sponsored efficiency programs which are mandated by state or federal legislation. Pair that with widespread regulatory capture by those same multinational utility groups and you have a recipe for stagnation and finger-pointing. Let's provide efficiency incentives, but manage them separately.
archibald tuttle February 6, 2014 @ 12:54 PM
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that's not necessarily right . . .you are suggesting that an oil company doesn't want to sell somebody something that saves them oil. i don't think that follows when they have other choices, e.g. propane (in any other year than this recently). Even electric in some areas. Natural Gas obviously.
And even for people who don't have access to natural gas, the industry isn't doing itself any favors if it appears to be holding folks over a barrel. Gas grids are going to continue to expand so having a reputation for helping customers to save energy when they didn't have access to gas can gain you some loyalty if it does arrive. Further, this kind of incentive can be structured as customer retention infra and inter fuel. in order to pay for the improvement over time with energy savings, a fuel supplier who provides the financing can add a provision that you have to stay with the same supplier to realize the benefits of the contract. otherwise the outstanding bill has a ballon provision. just like a fee free credit card that can be called on failure of performance.
i'm not saying bamboozle people with this, i'm saying i can see models for hierarchical promotion with fuel sellers.
i can also envision equipment sales side models with wholesalers and manufactuers participating. and there is a degree of conflict on the customer side because they can turn their thermostat up and get more heat but not save energy - that of course can be handled with logging that includes conditioned space temp. you have to deal with the mix of incentives. it isn't easy to design a perfect program but i can still envision some pretty good ones.
Bob Gagnon plumbing and heating February 7, 2014 @ 11:30 PM
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Here In MassachusettsThey tack on a small fee to our gas and electric bill for the good neighbor energy fund. It is used to pay for insulation rebates, and zero interest loans for high efficiency boiler installs, along with $1,500 rebates. It seems to be working out pretty well here, perhaps the oil fees will do the same thing?
Thanks, Bob Gagnon
archibald tuttle February 8, 2014 @ 7:44 AM
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for who[m]it is working out pretty well for condensing boiler manufacturers. if the energy savings actually support the improvements being made, they shouldn't need extra money from other ratepayers to fund these improvements.
and there is going to be an overhang of replacements. boilers used to be a 3 or 4 generation investment minimum. i suppose, on the upside, all the condensing boilers that aren't condensing might last a little longer - assuming there is continued support for the peripherals on the platform.
Bob Gagnon plumbing and heating February 8, 2014 @ 8:37 PM
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I Think It's Good ForThe contractors that are installing them, nearly every boiler job I get, is because of the loans/rebates. Most of my customers report big savings, with an expected short payback period, based on their newer, lower bills. So it's good for the customers too, and lets not forget that saving energy is good for the Planet.
Thanks, Bob Gagnon

subset: commoncrawl


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Very good, will make on a regular basis. I used the beef broth instead of the beer, the soup broth is well seasoned and the meat falls apart, I would definitley use when guest come over, huge hit at my house, my husband said better than his mothers pot roast
Peppered Beef Soup
karamichelle Posted: 05/14/09
Susan1980 Posted: 11/01/10
Great recipe and so easy to put together!!!
nuffin33 Posted: 01/07/12
Absolutely amazing! I used 1 bottle of beer and 1.5 c beef broth - turned out perfect! My boyfriend and I couldn't have been more impressed with this meal! We both went back for seconds and can't wait for leftovers tomorrow.
JasonBurn Posted: 11/11/12
Excellent! Very hearty. I made with a bottle of beer and can of beef broth. Needed to add a bit more broth. The recipes made lots of delicious leftovers us and some for Mom to take home.
TheMomChef Posted: 02/11/14
We really enjoyed this soup. There's just a small amount of prep work, but the resulting flavor is amazing. I made it with the two bottles of beer, but would just use one next time, substituting the other with beef broth. You can read my full review at Taking On Magazines: http://bit.ly/1g2nM6W


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feminishblog: veebar2: Lets keep reblogging this…..She needs to be home with her family… SIGNAL BOOST!!!! BOOSTING! Her mom made the above post yesterday. This is going on right now.
malificuntcurviosity: snowy day stoner booty for those new around here i put my thang down flip it and reverse it. in skyrim.


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Marching Band vs. Indentured Servitude
One mom questions the level of commitment families are asked to make to the local high school marching band.
Homeschool Mom: I haven't been involved with a local public high school since I graduated, well, let's just say a few decades ago, and now that we are looking to hook my 14-year-old up with a regular, good old American-style public high school experience, I have to admit I'm rather amazed at the machinations within which I have become a tiny cog. He plays drums, and they have a first-rate champion marching band and really top-notch music department at his new school, so my husband and I thought it would be great to get him involved. He has already started practicing a couple times a week since before school even let out. Little did we know what marching bands, at least champion marching bands, require from students and parents. Let's just say if Betsy Booster Club wrote a perky memo asking for my kidney, at this point, I wouldn't be surprised.
First of all, it costs something over $1,000 for a semester, and it is not clear how much "something over" is at this point. We have to agree to do hours and hours and hours of fund-raising to just get the "something over $1,000" price. It's called "Your Fair Share," which I fear is some kind of Orwellian Band Speech. I am having trouble understanding how a public school can charge this much for band, because isn't it free and equal education for the masses? How is a single mother making a little over minimum wage going to have her kid in marching band? So marching band then becomes elitist instead of being something to enrich the lives of the children at the high school.
The next thing I was floored by was the amount of hours my son is required to put in. He will be at school until 6:00 PM four days out of the school week, and then on Saturdays for four hours as well. (But we were told not to pick him up until 6:30. So doesn't that mean practice goes until 6:30? More Orwellian Band Speech, I fear.) During the weekdays, that puts his time commitment for school at almost 11 hours a day, and that does not include homework. Betsy Booster Club says that it teaches him time management. Well, I suppose that would be true if it actually left him any time to manage.
I'm having trouble understanding how this type of schedule is in the best interest of the kid. I understand it is great for the prestige of the school to win every band competition they enter. The thing is, aren't you kind of stacking the decks? I mean, if I worked out five hours every day and I didn't have an incredible body, something would be strange. By the same token, if the kids are marched like it's a reenactment of the Bataan Death March, aren't they pretty much guaranteed to be good? It's a bit of an overkill. How about let the other school have a chance for goodness' sake and respect the child labor laws?
Needless to say, our first foray back into the traditional school system has been a bit of a shock. At least I can say "No thank-you" to Betsy and the band, but I am apprehensive, wondering if I will be able to politely decline other things that I find objectionable.
|Homeschool Mom: Pam Heilman is a California Credentialed Teacher who once won some body lotion in a raffle at the Y. She is currently residing in Southern California with her husband Eric, and homeschools their three children.
Ha…you have no idea what you are in for. I marched High school band, Drum Corp, and got my Masters in Music Theory. High school bands are a cult! I love band, made it my life…let me re-state that "I LOVE BAND"…However, most parents need to understand, that their child must Eat, Sleep and live band…as do (unfortunatly) the parents.
Actually, you son's practice schedule is some what light compared to others. Don't for get Football games on friday nights, competitions on saturdays, parades on sundays, special appearences and so on.
Now…having said that…85% of Band students go on to recieve major College Scholorships, mostly to private Liberal Arts Universities, so many feel the end certainly justifies the mean.
My son was in marching band in high school and let me tell you he almost quit the first week of band camp. He stuck it out and it turned out to be his favorite and most rewarding part of high school and he also was a peer counselor, a student mentor was editor of the yearbook and on the honor roll. He went on to USC on a scolarship and was in one of the best marching bands in the world. It takes hard work and determination to be good and it is definately worth it! Besides it is only 3 1/2 months, and let me tell you it DOES build character and teaches time management and disipline! Being busy and focused keeps children off the street and out of trouble.
What's worse is that the band leader gets (and takes) all the credit! Another swell side of "band" is that the band leader decides he wants to go to New York or Orlando and YOU have to pay for it! These people have convinced themselves that band is all that matters and everyone has to bow down to the band leader no matter what he wants. One thing is true: Band members have the best grades, are in less trouble and get more awards than any other group in school. But, there's a HIGH price to pay. Get in and stay in or get out!
High school band is such a cult! Those kids are expected to put in sooooo much time for it and many I have known have had low grades as a result. However that is true of most students who put more time into something else besides school.
I have a slightly different perspective. I'm not musical, but the kids and hubby are all heavily dedicated to this passion!
Painfully true per the astronomical cost involved (add DCI and Dallas Youth Orchestra, private lessons x 2 kids for us!). Subsidies exist almost soley for athletics, at least here in TX. *But* we have never had to remind our kids to do their homework or to practice their instrument. Playing at world class venues, doin what they love, with the added benefit of scholarship potential are all reasons to offer support.
Our girls play 5 different instruments, and both have "A" averages. Their marching and concert band experience has taught them discipline and respect, as well as how to fail AND succeed. Perhaps they are the exception, and I would certainly not be working so hard to pay for it all if they didn't enjoy it.
High School Band is not for everyone. It really isn't. Furthermore, the leadership has a huge bearing on the kids' experiences, not to mention the parent's. But without music filling their lives, our kids would be so lost. Even at Church, this is how they "Plug In."
I love it, and will miss these days so much when they are gone!
This article along with the comments makes me sad. One I'm sad for the time lost on being a kid, I could understand this dedication from a homeschooled child who has more free time on there hands than most but kids who go to school and do this, WOW, talk about a cause for an emotional breakdown early if they can't handle it. Secondly I'm sad because as the article points out, the band thing really does seem to be for mostly affluent people who can spare there time and money. You may not have to be super rich but you at least have to have A LOT of time for fundraisers and travelling and those are both things single or poor parents don't have.
One time at band camp…..
Honestly, you have so many ways of paying for band that it shouldn't be a big deal, they do countless fundraisers that aren't as big a pain as you want to make them seem and many businesses will sponsor your kid. If it's something he enjoys doing, making friends and playing his instrument (he'll probably learn the full percussion range) it's worth it. Band kids are typically the ones with good grades, good friends, good leadership discipline and life skills and are the ones getting top notch scholarships right along with the less academically qualified sports players. Marching band to many kids IS a sport and is more than just a casual thing, it involves almost daily hours-long practice sessions along with countless performances. My band did parades, competitions, movies and so much more and we always had time for schoolwork and hanging out and a lot of us never payed much out of pocket. Try getting to know the parents, getting involved in the meetings and coming up with fundraising ideas rather than refusing to understand and allow your son to try a really great opportunity, you won't regret it once he's on his way to a good school with amazing memories.
You are such an overprotective whiner. To begin with, the marching band is completely optional, you are not in any way forced to do it. Second of all, the bill covers teachers, equipment, uniforms, travel, food, and other things. There is no fat guy with a cigar in a penthouse collecting money for his own good. If the school district were to cover this, they would be near bankruptcy. Lastly, your son is in one of the best and most competitive marching bands in the country. Accomplishment that high isn't reached with a laid back and passive approach, ask anyone who has ever achieved anything.
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A Cadillac Concert Series Presents The Piano Guys presale password is available below!! For a short time you can acquire your show tickets before the public. If you don't buy your tickets to Cadillac Concert Series Presents The Piano Guys's show in Houston, TX during the presale you might not be able to get them before they are all gone.
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Rick Santorum appeared on the Victory Sessions earlier this month and argued that children do best with a mother and father, a claim that has no empirical foundation. "Moms and dads are different, they bring different things to the equation with respect to raising their children," he said, adding "[T]he fact that they don't have any male role models, no idea what a normal relationship is with a man…the relationship you have with your daughter is very important in how they see men and their ability to be able attach and to love them…If there are no dads, there are no role models, we're going to continue in great dysfunction." A range of studies, however, including the the American Psychological Association, have concluded that beliefs that people of the same sex "are not fit parents have no empirical foundation." In fact, a recent analysis found that the 2 million children who are currently living with LGBT parents are hurt not by having two moms or two dads, but by the social stigma and legal inequality that people like Santorum perpetuate. Listen to his remarks starting at 2:40:
Santorum: Children Not Raised By Mom And Dad Lead To Societal 'Dysfunction'
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When you go to take a drink and it's not the beverage you expected:
@1 year ago with 22 notes
#ugh gif #personal #whoops #funny #gif
I'm Becky. I enjoy writing in most forms, listening to and creating music, watching films of all genres, cursing during hockey games and living without definition.
Things I love to blog about: Doctor Who, Sherlock, The 1975, The Hunger Games, Taylor Swift, Game of Thrones, Demi Lovato, One Direction, Harry Potter, LOTR, The Mortal Instruments, and so on.
Also, I'm a massive admirer of both Bruce Springsteen and Ed Sheeran. Life goal to write with both/either of them.


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No. 2 Gophers Lead Scuffle After Day 1
Jan. 1, 2014
MINNEAPOLIS - After the first day of competition at the Southern Scuffle, presented by Defense Soap and Flips Wrestling, the No. 2 University of Minnesota Golden Gopher wrestling team leads the open tournament with a team score of 53.5. The No. 2 Penn State NittYouany Lions follow closely behind by half a point with 53 team points and No. 4 Oklahoma State sits in third place.
The Gophers have nine wrestlers who are undefeated and will continue on their quest for individual titles tomorrow including David Thorn (133), Chris Dardanes (141), Nick Dardanes (149), Dylan Ness (157), Logan Storley (174), Brett Pfarr (184), Kevin Steinhaus (184), Scott Schiller (197) and Tony Nelson (285).
Minnesota will also be represented tomorrow by Jordan Kingsley (125), Brandon Kingsley (157), Danny Zilverberg (165), Alec Ortiz (165) and Mike Kroells (285) who will all compete in the consulation brackets of their respective weight classes.
The competition will resume at 9:00 a.m. tomorrow with the Championship Quarterfinals and the fourth round of consolations. For more information about the Southern Scuffle, please visit the tournament website. Brackets and results will be updated on TrackWrestling.com and live video can be found here.
Live results will also be posted on Twitter @GopherWrestling.
Full brackets and results can be found here.
More Headlines
5/12/2014Gophers Add Nine for 2014-15
3/22/2014Nelson and Ness Advance to Finals
3/21/2014Four Gophers Advance to Semifinals
3/20/20148 Alive for Titles After Session I
03/20/2014Gophers Second After Day 1
03/18/2014Gophers at the 2014 NCAA Championships
03/09/2014Nelson Wins Title, Gophers Finish Third
03/08/2014Gophers End Day 1 in Third
03/08/2014Gophers First After Session I


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June 17, 2011
SHREEVE: PRISON WORKER JAILED FOR SMUGGLING PHONESWIMBLEDON, WANDSWORTH, SOUTH LONDON A prison healthcare worker wept in court as she was jailed today (Fri) after striking up a friendship with a prisoner because of 'maternal affection.' Caroline Shreeve, 47, smuggled six mobile telephones into Wandsworth Prison in south London after becoming close to convicted robber Anton Humphries, 24.
June 17, 2011
FAGAN: TORTURE GANG ROBBED COUPLE AT GUNPOINTWHITE CITY, EAST DULWICH, ROTHERHITE A masked torture gang robbed a retired couple at gunpoint during a terrifying three-month crime spree, a court heard. Taariq Fagan, 20, and Mohammed Bangura, 28, preyed on Barry Duckett and his wife Janet, knowing that he had money at home because he was the treasurer of a residents' association.
May 27, 2011
CAREW: PRISON GUARD JAILED FOR FLOODING JAIL WITH DRUGSRAINHAM, ESSEX; VICTORIA DOCKS, DAGENHAM, EAST LONDON; SITTINGBOURNE, KENT A crooked prison guard who teamed up with a jailed drug boss to flood Pentonville jail with cannabis and mobile phones was jailed for five years today (Fri). Richard Carew, 32, was arrested after his colleagues found more than three quarters of a kilogram of marijuana in one wing of the prison on a single day. The thriving black market in drugs and phones inside the north London jail was masterminded by inmate James Mansbridge, 36.
May 26, 2011
MATLOK:POLE ACCUSED OF BURGLING MADONNA TO REMANDED IN CUSTODYMARYLEBONE, WEST LONDON. A Polish man accused of breaking into Madonna's £10m London mansion to steal an energy drink was today (thurs) remanded in custody to appear before a judge next month. Grzegorz Matlok, 31, has been held in the hospital wing of HMP Wandsworth since his arrest on the night of the alleged burglaries, in the early hours of March 12.
May 13, 2011
JIBONA: DRUG SMUGGLING PRISON NURSE STRUCK OFFBRIXTON, SOUTH LONDON A prison nurse tried to smuggle cannabis worth £1,500 to an inmate, a hearing was told. Adekunle Ola Jibona was caught trying to enter Brixton prison with 123g of the illegal drug as well as whisky disguised in a coke bottle and prescription sleeping tablets used by addicts.
May 13, 2011
JIBONA: NURSE SMUGGLED POT INTO JAILBRIXTON A prison nurse tried to smuggle cannabis worth £1,500 to an inmate, a hearing was told. Adekunle Ola Jibona was caught trying to enter Brixton prison with 123g of the illegal drug as well as whisky disguised in a coke bottle and prescription sleeping tablets used by addicts.
April 28, 2011
MATLOK: MADONNA BREAK-IN SUSPECT TO GO BEFORE CROWN COURTCENTRAL LONDON A man charged with breaking into Madonna's £10m London mansion will appear before a crown court judge for a decision on whether he is mentally fit to stand trial. Grzegorz Matlok, 30, is alleged to have climbed up to the Georgian townhouse's balcony using a rope in the early hours of March 12.
April 20, 2011
HOWELL: DOUBLE DEATH DENTIST IS STRUCK OFFBELFAST A killer dentist who murdered his wife and his lover's husband then tried to cover it up as a double suicide had been struck off. Colin Howell, 52, gassed his wife Lesley, 31, the mother of their four children, and then PC Trevor Buchanan, 32, the husband of his then lover, Hazel Stewart.
March 23, 2011
TALBOT:BOSS OF 'RESERVOIR DOGS' GANG RAN CAR RINGING OPERATION FROM CELLBROMLEY, BEXLEY, ORPINGTON, KENT; WANDSWORTH, CROYDON, SOUTH LONDON. lucrative black market car dealership from his prison cell, a court heard today (Weds). Robert Talbot, 33, was able to 'ring' luxury motors with the help of corrupt police and prison workers in his pay.
March 10, 2011
REID: ESCAPING RAPIST STOPPED BY BRAVE JUDGE JAILED FOR LIFEMANOR PARK, EAST LONDON. A rapist who was rugby-tackled by a judge as he tried to escape from court was jailed for life at the Old Bailey today (thurs). Judge Douglas Marks Moore, 61, leapt from the bench in his wig and robes to stop Paul Reid's fourth escape attempt.
March 09, 2011
RAPIST'S FOURTH ESCAPE ATTEMPT FOILED BY 'RUGBY-TACKLING' JUDGEWOOLWICH, SOUTHEAST LONDON; NEWHAM, NORTH LONDON A judge who rugby-tackled a rapist to the ground as he tried to run out of court prevented the criminal's fourth escape attempt, it emerged today (Weds). Paul Reid, 34, is facing a life sentence after Judge Douglas Marks Moore, 61, leapt from the bench, resplendent in wig and gown, to stop him breaking free in the middle of a trial.
March 08, 2011
REID:HERO JUDGE RUGBY-TACKLED CONVICTED SEX OFFENDER TO THE GROUNDMANOR PARK, EAST LONDON; WOOLWICH, SOUTHEAST LONDON A hero judge rugby-tackled a convicted sex offender to the ground as he tried to escape from court in the middle of his trial, the Old Bailey heard today (Tues). Paul Reid, 34, tried to escape through the judge's corridor as the jury were being led out of the room.


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I'm Pam Newman.
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I'm a writer of aricles, poems & songs. Here's some cool stuff I wrote.
Some facts on American Homelessness
- Because they don't have an address, homeless people can not register to vote, or renew their voter registration.
- Roughly 1 in every 200 persons in the US used the shelter system at some point between October 1, 2008 and September 30, 2009.
- On any given night in America, anywhere from 700,000 to 2 million people are homeless, according to estimates of the National Law Center on Homelessness and Poverty.
According to a December, 2000 report of the US Conference of Mayors:
- Single men comprise 44 percent of the homeless, single women 13 percent, families with children 36 percent, and unaccompanied minors seven percent.
- The homeless population is about 50 percent African-American, 35 percent white, 12 percent Hispanic, 2 percent Native American and 1 percent Asian.
- According to the United States Conference of Mayors, the main cause is the lack of affordable housing.
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text:
Jaap Brink and Man Wei Tam*
W.M. Keck Center for Computational Biology and Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry Baylor College of Medicine One Baylor Plaza Houston, TX 77030, U.S.A.
*Current address: Spear, Leeds & Kellog
99 Gresham St., London EC2 V7PH
We have developed two software packages for the processing of electron diffraction patterns acquired on a slow-scan CCD camera. Automated indexing and processing of these electron diffraction patterns is possible using a program called AUTO. To obtain a set of reliable reflections, AUTO applies a number of corrections, that are necessary due to the acquisition of the patterns with a slow-scan CCD camera. To index and process unknown lattices in electron diffraction patterns obtained from, for instance, a new protein or a new crystal form, an interactive program called EDP is available. It supports indexing in an interactive manner through a graphical user interface. Processing of the electron diffraction pattern is done using a script created by EDP. Both programs run on UNIX platforms, with EDP requiring the X Window System.
A high resolution structure determination by electron crystallography requires the knowledge of both amplitudes and phases. In the case of two-dimensional (2D-) crystals the amplitudes can be readily obtained from electron diffraction patterns. A slow-scan CCD camera has been shown to be an excellent medium to acquire these patterns at a very low dose, as compared to recording them on photographic film (Brink and Chiu, 1994). Processing of electron diffraction patterns typically entails: (i) indexing of the reciprocal lattice, (ii) generating the lattice parameters, (iii) refinement of these lattice parameters, and (iv) extraction of the intensities of all reflections using the refined parameters (Baldwin and Henderson, 1984). CCD data requires additional steps due to artifacts present in the patterns. These are a pronounced spike, which runs through the central beam in the pattern, as well as the presence of high intensity-pixels caused by x-ray photons (Brink and Chiu, 1994). The spike is the result of the intense, undiffracted beam hitting a few pixels on the chip. A lot of charge is generated at these pixels, which on CCD chips that are not equipped with special anti-blooming detectors will overflow into adjacent pixels - a process also referred to as 'blooming'. The direction of the overflow reflects the principal manner in which the chip is manufactured. Though the length of the spike can be reduced by summing several patterns each acquired at a relatively short exposure (Brink et al., 1995), a correction for it is still necessary. We developed a program called AUTO, which processes an electron diffraction pattern automatically, which includes the application of both corrections. Automated processing of electron diffraction data is desirable when large amounts of data require processing, which would become a reality with the wider-spread use of slow-scan CCD cameras. Automated processing is in fact very similar to the type of processing done in X-ray crystallography. However, automated processing requires a certain familiarity with the diffraction data. In the case of a new crystal form, or when diffraction data of a new protein is available, the initial processing is preferably done interactively. For this purpose, a program with a graphical user interface, called EDP, was developed.
Electron diffraction patterns of glucose-embedded crotoxin complex crystals are acquired using a Gatan (model 679) 1024 x 1024 slow-scan CCD camera, which is attached to a JEOL4000EX intermediate voltage electron cryomicroscope and interfaced to a Macintosh IIfx (Brink and Chiu, 1994). The patterns are initially stored in the Gatan DigitalMicrograph format (Mooney et al., 1990). Conversion to the MRC file format[a] is done using CONVGATAN (Brink and Chiu, 1994). Elsewhere, we have demonstrated that more than 100 electron diffraction patterns could be acquired from a single glucose-embedded crotoxin complex crystal kept at -167oC under constraints of radiation damage and statistical definition (Brink and Chiu, 1994). In the case of 2D-crystals, these patterns could be acquired as part of a tilt series (Brink and Chiu, 1994). Particularly when the crystals display a variable thickness between them, as was found for crotoxin complex and gp32*I (Grant et al., 1991; Jeng and Chiu, 1983), one needs a large number of electron diffraction patterns to sort out the crystals in terms of their thickness using just the electron diffraction intensities. Automated processing of the diffraction patterns is then highly desirable. Additionally, it allows the user to plan experiments that otherwise might not be done. For instance, one may want to determine the maximum number of electron diffraction patterns that can be obtained from a single crystal without significant damage to the structure (Brink and Chiu, 1994). Alternatively, the electron dose could be determined, which yields the optimal statistical definition of the patterns (Brink and Chiu, 1994). Quick radiation damage experiment are also possible, which reveal the optimal electron dose for high resolution imaging (Hayward and Stroud, 1981). In all these examples AUTO can be useful, since it allows the user to process and interpret the required electron diffraction results quickly.
General description of AUTO
|Fig. 1. Flow diagram showing the steps involved in processing of an electron diffraction pattern acquired on a slow-scan CCD camera by the program AUTO. All forms of data, either binary (images) or ASCII (listings), are indicated by rectangles, whereas programs are indicated by diamonds. Coordinates of the central beam (cx, cy) and the lattice vectors (ax, ay, bx, by) are obtained after processing the original pattern by AUTOCENT, RBS, AUTOZERO, FIX_BAD_PIXELS and AUTOINDEX. GINTEN uses these coordinates to extract the intensities of all reflections in the original pattern. CHECK_SPOTS is the final filtering step in this procedure, that produces a list of integrated intensities.
AUTO will process an electron diffraction pattern acquired on a slow-scan CCD camera using 1024 x 1024 pixels in a fully automated manner in 2 to 3 min. on a Silicon Graphics Indigo workstation with an R4000 processor. In the case of crotoxin complex intensities of approximately 300 reflections are extracted up to 3 Å resolution. A total of 8 Mb of memory is needed for processing an electron diffraction pattern. To improve the accuracy of the radial background subtraction, the patterns - stored as 2-byte integers - are processed as 4-byte floating-point data. AUTO calls seven different programs written in FORTRAN 77, which themselves are embedded in small C-shell scripts (Fig. 1). These programs are AUTOCENT, RBS, AUTOZERO, FIX_BAD_PIXELS, AUTOINDEX, GINTEN, and CHECK_SPOTS. Both RBS and GINTEN are derived from MRC-programs, which were ported to the UNIX environment by others (Baldwin and Henderson, 1984; Prasad et al., 1990). AUTOCENT and AUTOINDEX were modified from original MRC programs to work within AUTO and to correctly process the CCD data. Since no formal mechanism exists to pass results from one FORTRAN program to the next, the relevant information is written into the extra fields of the header of the MRC file. For instance, AUTOCENT determines the coordinates of the central undiffracted beam and writes them into the header. RBS will extract these coordinates from the header, and use them in the radial background subtraction. To optimize disk space, all input and output images are compressed using a modified Lempel-Ziv algorithm (Welch, 1984). Electron diffraction patterns of crotoxin complex are thus reduced by approximately 95%. Execution of AUTO ultimately yields a list of integrated intensities of the reflections present in the processed electron diffraction pattern.
Usage of AUTO
AUTO is called from the command line requiring seven arguments for processing, five of which are the filename with the diffraction pattern, the threshold used to search for reflections in AUTOINDEX, the type of Ewald sphere curvature correction and two raster values used by GINTEN for the background assessment and intensity integration. The remaining arguments are a text identifier and the maximum radius out to which AUTOINDEX and GINTEN should process the pattern. Optional arguments are the approximate coordinates for the position of the central beam, and whether or not to save the intermediate background-subtracted, spike-removed and x-ray pixel--filtered diffraction pattern. AUTOCENT will determine the position of the central beam in the electron diffraction pattern initially based upon a center-of-gravity calculation performed on the whole pattern, followed by a refinement using local intensity gradients. The optional command-line supplied coordinates allow AUTOCENT to skip the computationally intensive center-of-gravity calculation and to start directly with the refinement. RBS performs a radial background subtraction using the coordinates of the central beam as stored in the header by AUTOCENT (Fig. 2A).
|Fig. 2. Electron diffraction patterns acquired on the Gatan (model 679) 1024 x 1024 slow-scan CCD camera at intermediate stages of processing by AUTO. The patterns were obtained from a glucose-embedded crotoxin complex crystal tilted to 45deg. and acquired at -167deg.C using 400 keV electrons in a JEOL4000EX intermediate voltage electron cryomicroscope. The electron dose for this pattern was 0.08 e/Å2. (A) Pattern shown after determination of the position of the central beam by AUTOCENT and subsequent background subtraction by RBS. (B) Same pattern, now after removal of the spike by AUTOZERO. Lattice vectors are indicated in (A). The untilted lattice vectors are a = b = 38.8 Å with = 90o.
AUTOZERO removes the spike in an iterative way starting from the position of the central beam, again as read from the header. Pixels in the spike are set to zero using a threshold criterion applied to pairs of pixels separated by 1 pixel initially. On each next iteration this separation is increased until finally no new pixels are found by the program (Fig. 2B). Erased pixels are written to disk and used later by CHECK_SPOTS to filter out reflections that are too close to the spike. Before the pattern can be indexed by AUTOINDEX, all pixels associated with x-ray photons are removed using FIX_BAD_PIXELS. Hard x-ray pixels with an intensity around 4000 counts are removed using a fixed threshold, whereas soft x-ray pixels with an intensity around 100 counts are removed after a statistical evaluation of the immediate area around each suspected soft x-ray pixel. For comparison, the strongest reflections in patterns acquired from glucose-embedded crotoxin complex crystals would contain 100 counts per pixel. Removal of x-ray pixels is accomplished by replacing each of these pixels with the mean intensity of the 8 neighboring pixels (Brink and Chiu, 1994). Additionally, a single chip defect specific to our camera is corrected at this point by reading its location of a list and treating the defective pixel as an x-ray pixel. Multiple defects of this sort can easily be handled in this way. The radial background subtracted, spike-removed and x-ray pixel--filtered electron diffraction pattern, as shown in figure 2B, is next processed by AUTOINDEX. This program essentially computes a real-space auto correlation function of the pattern to obtain the lattice vectors. The determined lattice vectors are added to the coordinates of the central beam stored in the MRC header of the original file. GINTEN refines the lattice using the center of gravity positions of all reflections in the original file while accounting for the Ewald sphere curvature and projector lens distortions. The list with integrated intensities for all the reflections created by GINTEN, is processed by CHECK_SPOTS. This program acts as a filter by removing all suspect reflections using an intensity and a sigma threshold, as well as a distance constraint of the reflections with respect to pixels in the spike. Omitting this final step results in R-factors related to Friedel symmetry of around 90%, which is typically caused by a handful of reflections lying very close to the spike and therefore having very large integrated intensities. Filtering by CHECK_SPOTS removes these reflections and consequently yields reliable R-factors, which typically range from 10% to 20%. These R-factors have been observed for well over 1000 electron diffraction patterns acquired from glucose-embedded crotoxin complex crystals (Brink and Chiu, 1994).
General description of EDP
Electron diffraction patterns of a new protein crystal or crystal form are best indexed and processed using EDP until enough familiarity is obtained with the patterns to process them using AUTO. EDP has been designed starting from the indexing program used for Fourier transforms, SPECTRA (Schmid et al., 1993). EDP is written in ANSI-C using the MOTIF widget set and runs under the X Window System[b]. The program has been developed on Silicon Graphics Indigo workstations under IRIX version 5.3. Therefore, it should be relatively straightforward to port the software to other UNIX operating systems also running under X. EDP consists of a graphical user interface to several windows, that allows the user to quickly and interactively index the lattice of an electron diffraction pattern, and to write out a script for the non-interactive processing of that pattern. EDP's main window consists of a viewport, five control buttons as well as two panels, that are used to display results of the lattice indexing and subsequent refinement (Fig. 3). Rescaling the EDP main window will also rescale the viewport. On a workstation's console, for instance, the user can therefore view most of a diffraction pattern of 1024 x 1024 pixels without averaging.
Electron diffraction patterns are opened by EDP using a standard X Window System-file browser pulled down from the menu item 'File'. EDP displays the MRC file using low and high cut-off values for the display derived from the minimum, the maximum and the mean intensity read from the header portion of the MRC file (Fig. 3).
|Fig. 3. EDP's main window with an electron diffraction pattern shown inside the viewport after indexing and lattice refinement. The pattern is identical to that shown in Fig. 2. Red boxes indicate the reflections used to triangulate the lattice; blue boxes are drawn around each reflection indicating the correctness of indexing the pattern which extends to 3 Å resolution. Yellow boxes indicate the main lattice directions. Additionally, four other windows are shown. Top right is the window labeled 'Point Definition Dialog', which is activated after selecting a reflection using the mouse. Below it is the 'Image Information' window activated by the EDP VARS button. Bottom right shows the window activated by the buttons EDIT SCRIPT and WRITE SCRIPT. Bottom left shows the 'Image Control Panel' window activated by the EDP INFO button.
The five control buttons of the EDP main window activate input and output windows (Fig. 3). For instance, the button EDP INFO will bring up the 'Image Information' window, which shows actual intensities of pixels in the displayed electron diffraction pattern and their coordinates as the cursor is moved across the pattern. The button EDP VARS will bring up the 'Image Control Panel' window, which offers control over several features inside EDP. For instance, this window has the controls for the low- and high-cut values used for display. Also, the magnification of the pattern displayed inside the viewport can be set, which allows the user to zoom into an area if so desired. When the image dimensions on the screen exceed the viewport dimensions, the pattern can be scrolled inside the viewport. The search radius parameter shown in this window is used by EDP to define a circular area centered on a selected reflection over which the program will search for the highest intensity-pixel. A bilinear interpolation over this pixel and its neighboring pixels results in sub-pixel accuracy for the reflection's position.
Usage of EDP
Indexing of the electron diffraction pattern is done by selecting three reflections (Fig. 3). The best lattice is obtained, when these reflections are separated from each other by the largest number of pixels. This triangulation approach was found to be adequate for obtaining an initial set of lattice parameters. The subsequent non-interactive processing is done by GINTEN, which comprises a further refinement of the lattice. Assigning the Miller indices h and k to the selected reflection is done inside the 'Point Definition Dialog' window (Fig. 3). The determined coordinate with the highest intensity is shown. The selected reflections are also displayed in the top results portion of the EDP main window together with their positions. The button REFINE LATTICE on the EDP main window will activate the lattice refinement algorithm, which uses the refined positions of the three reflections. The user can visually judge the indexing from the proper placement of the boxes around each reflection (Fig. 3). The size of the boxes can be reduced by specifying a smaller 'Search Radius', allowing the user to judge more rigorously the fit of the computed lattice. The numerical result of the lattice refinement, i.e. the lattice parameters, is displayed in the EDP main window.
The newly indexed electron diffraction pattern can be processed in a non-interactive way using a script created by EDP. The buttons EDIT SCRIPT and WRITE SCRIPT on the EDP main window will activate a window labeled 'Script Parameters' (Fig. 3). This window offers control over the parameters used by the programs, which perform the non-interactive processing, namely RBS and GINTEN. Two environmental variables read by EDP at start-up ensure that the proper names for these executables are used in the script. Most of the values in the script are loaded at start-up from a file, called '.edprc', residing in the user's home directory. The lattice parameters, however, determined by EDP are directly written into the processing script. The untilted lattice parameters on the other hand, are loaded from file; they are used by GINTEN to compute the tilt parameters for each electron diffraction pattern according to the formulation by Shaw and Hills (Shaw and Hills, 1981).
Currently, EDP does not correct the CCD data as AUTO does. This is considered for a future version of EDP. Also, some of the programs called by AUTO could generate a background-subtracted, spike-erased and x-ray pixel--filtered electron diffraction pattern, which is subsequently indexed using EDP instead of AUTOINDEX. For new crystal forms or new crystals with rather weak diffraction this would facilitate proper indexing.
We have discussed two software tools for the processing of electron diffraction patterns acquired using a slow-scan CCD camera. AUTO allows for the automated processing, whereas EDP supports indexing using a graphical user interface combined with non-interactive processing. Electron crystallography has resulted in reconstructions of biological macromolecules to atomic resolution (Henderson et al., 1990; Jap et al., 1991; Kühlbrandt et al., 1994). For 2D-crystals processing of electron diffraction patterns would benefit from use of these tools. However, they might also be applied to helical or icosahedral specimens. For instance, high resolution electron diffraction amplitudes can be obtained from helical systems, as was shown for instance on rafts obtained from TMV and flagella (Jeng et al., 1989; Ruiz et al., 1994). Also, incoherent sums of images of single helical objects or virus particles might yield amplitudes at the desired resolution (Jeng, et al., 1989; Rey et al., 1995; Schmid et al., 1993). AUTO and EDP are available as source code via the World Wide Web using the URL http://condor.bcm.tmc.edu/3DEM/FacultyLibrary/brink/brink.html.
This work is supported by grants from the National Institutes of Health (RR02250), the National Science Foundation (NSFBIR-9413229) and the W.M. Keck Foundation. We acknowledge valuable discussions with Drs. W. Chiu, M.F. Schmid and M.B. Sherman, as well as Ms. P. Thuman-Commike. We express our sincere gratitude to Dr. R. Henderson for making available some of the programs discussed here. We are indebted to Dr. M.F. Schmid and Mr. R. Dargahi for using the program framework of SPECTRA for the development of EDP.
Baldwin, J. and Henderson, R. (1984) Measurement and evaluation of electron diffraction patterns from two-dimensional crystals., Ultramicroscopy 14, 319-336.
Brink, J. and Chiu, W. (1994) Applications of a slow-scan CCD camera in protein electron crystallography, J. Struct. Biol. 113, 23-34.
Brink, J., Sherman, M. B. and Chiu, W. (1995) Application of a slow-scan CCD camera in protein electron crystallography at 400 kv. in Proc. 53nd Ann. Mtg. Microsc. Soc. Am., Kansas City, MI, in press, San Francisco Press, San Francisco.
Grant, R. A., Schmid, M. F. and Chiu, W. (1991) Analysis of symmetry and three-dimensional reconstruction of thin gp32*I crystals, J. Mol. Biol. 217, 551-562.
Hayward, S. B. and Stroud, R. M. (1981) Projected Structure of Purple Membrane Determined to 3.7 Å Resolution by Low Temperature Electron Microscopy, J. Mol. Biol. 151, 491-517.
Henderson, R., Baldwin, J. M., Ceska, T. A., Zemlin, F., Beckmann, E. and Downing, K. H. (1990) Model for the structure of bacteriorhodopsin based on high-resolution electron cryo-microscopy, J. Mol. Biol. 213, 899-929.
Jap, B. K., Walian, P. J. and Gehring, K. (1991) Structural architecture of an outer membrane channel as determined by electron crystallography, Nature 350, 167-170.
Jeng, T. W. and Chiu, W. (1983) Low dose electron microscopy of the crotoxin complex thin crystal., J. Mol. Biol. 164, 329-346.
Jeng, T. W., Crowther, R. A., Stubbs, G. and Chiu, W. (1989) Visualization of alpha-helices in tobacco mosaic virus by cryo-electron microscopy, J. Mol. Biol. 205, 251-257.
Kühlbrandt, W., Wang, D. N. and Fujiyoshi, Y. (1994) Atomic model of plant light-harvesting complex, Nature 367, 614-621.
Mooney, P. E., Fan, G. Y., Truong, K. V., Bui, D. B. and Krivanek, O. L. (1990) Slow-scan CCD camera for transmission electron microscopy. in Proc. XIIth Int. Cong. Electron Microsc., Seattle, WA, pp. 164-165, San Francisco Press, San Francisco.
Prasad, B. V. V., Degn, L. L., Jeng, T.-W. and Chiu, W. (1990) Estimation of allowable errors for tilt parameter determination in protein electron crystallography, Ultramicroscopy 33, 281-285.
Rey, F. A., Heinz, F. X., Mandl, C., Kunz, C. and Harrison, S. C. (1995) The envelope glycoprotein from tick-borne encephalitis virus at 2 Å resolution, Nature 375, 291-298.
Ruiz, T., Ranck, J.-L., Diaz-Avalos, R., Caspar, D. L. D. and DeRosier, D. J. (1994) Electron diffraction of helical particles, Ultramicroscopy 55, 383-395.
Schmid, M. F., Dargahi, R. and Tam, M. W. (1993) SPECTRA: a system for processing electron images of crystals, Ultramicroscopy 48, 251-264.
Shaw, P. J. and Hills, G. J. (1981) Tilted specimen in the electron microscope: A simple specimen holder and the calculation of tilt angles for crystalline specimens, Micron 12, 279-282.
Welch, T. A. (1984) A Technique for High Performance Data Compression, IEEE Computer 17, 8-19.


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Arguably, Struts 1.x is end of life. There are plenty of other Java server-side web frameworks: JSF (the standard), Wicket, Tapestry, Struts 2, Echo, Spring MVC, etc. Do you have any market data on what developers are adopting after Struts 1.x? If not, what is your gut feel? What will developers use in 2008 for new projects?
I asked my linkedin network this question and was surprised at how detailed the answers were. I share them now.
Will JSF ever esacpe the birth canal? Is there still a lot of life in Struts 1.x? Maybe these are the wrong question altogether. Perhaps 2008 will be the year of RIA via GWT, Flex + Java, JavaScript + REST, or?
Struts continues to do really well; it is still number 1. JSF did well in 2007. Let's put it this way: If job demand for the Struts framework and JSF were a stocks and you invested in it in April of 2005 by July of 2007 you would barely break even with Struts but with JSF your investment would have grown 700% as of July 2007. (According to indeed.com.)
Names are withheld for privacy. Let me know if you want me to release your name.
No clue, but I'd go for Struts 2 or JSF, maybe Spring (MVC)
You probably can't go wrong if you pick the three most likely contenders. I prefer Spring MVC and JSF.
Where I used to work, many Java developers started using Ruby on Rails for web development. I have just recently started, and it is pretty nice. It takes some getting used to because it's focus is much more on conformance than configuration, but development is quick.
I worked for a hedge fund which used Java for all the trading applications, but when I left, there was a definite buzz around Ruby, with a few projects in the works.
Since Ruby can access any Java library via JRuby, that might be an alternative without having to migrate all your old code to another language.
Ummm... no comment.
In my opinion, current JSF implementations (1.1 or 1.2 spec) are not mature enough to be serious competitors. This might change when the JSF 2.0 spec (which addresses most of the issues with the 1.2 spec) is implemented. Spring MVC is too cumbersome in my opinion, as is Struts 2. So for now, I'd go with Wicket. Wicket is a very good choice, as it provides a clean seperation of view (clean HTML) and logic (POJO's). Also, it does not rely on XML-configuration. It's a good example of the 'less is more' concept.
But this is my personal opinion. Which is not necessarily the same as the opinion of my customers. From where I am standing (Dutch Financial and Public sectors) most of my customers are gearing towards JSF. Wicket is also rapidly gaining popularity, though not widely adopted yet. In the Financial sector, Portal and Portlet development is very popular, usually combined with Websphere or Oracle Portal.
I respond to this later below.
We currently use Struts 2 which has made a good effort at integrating Webwork into its codebase but has yet to go a while before documentation becomes easier. There are a few books starting to appear.
Personally, we love the choice of Struts 2 and are very happy with it.
However, I will let Matt Raible answer your question as per link below.
Good link. Thanks.
I think that JSF will take the lion's share of developers by virtue of being backed by Sun. Anyone who feels the need to move off Struts 1.x, and there will be some who'll hang around on it despite EOL, is likely to avoid the similar philosophy of Struts 2.
I also think that, as Mark mentioned, there will be some bleeding of developers to other languages entirely, namely Python and Ruby. Compounding this is the fact that these other languages allow you to do more with less while still providing mechanisms to integrate with Java. One of the big things that helps Java adoption is the ease with which one can make a program that works in Java. Though it may not necessarily work well, functional correctness is easily reached. I think with more options that make functional correctness even easier to achieve, some people will opt away from fully-Java solutions, or abandon Java entirely.
I'm biased, but I'd look to Ruby getting some major attention once a computationally fast Ruby interpreter is released; in terms of memory and install footprint it is very cheap and if the CPU utilization goes down it is a slam dunk for a language. Of course, a fast enough interpreter may never happen.
Python may always remain a niche language as it relies on syntactical features ( such as white-space expressed blocking ), that some people are dogmatically opposed to.
More people are using Python than Ruby according to Tiobe. There is also more job demmand for Python developers. But I mostly agree with this.
I think Spring MVC has a greater demand than Struts at the moment. Its more flexible than struts, however Struts 2 still has a strong following.
Frameworks also appearing for front end web app development I am using/have seen Echo 2, GWT, Open Lazslo, Ext Js (javascript front end).
I have ran into one company in the last four years that was sticking with Struts 1.x. I have not run into a single company that was using Struts on new applications. Most companies I ran into were switching to JSF or Spring MVC. Then again I work for a company that focuses on Spring, JPA/Hiberante and JSF so my experiences are somewhat skewed.
Dude.... Rails. on JRuby even.
Dude. No.
Well, it sure as heck won't be Cocoon...
I've been working with Ruby on Rails quite a bit, attending a couple of conferences and deploying enterprise-level applications both customer-facing and internal applications with various levels of success. I honestly believe that if the real RoR leaders can coalesce around what RoR can be and stop the amazing amount of petty bickering, it could really dominate internet applications, especially with a lot of the Java Back End integrations becoming available and platform-independent SOA opportunities.
I disagree with quite a few people that JSF is "the standard". For eCommerce applications that need to have a tremendous amount of mutability on the front-end, I believe that the complexity and backing-bean dependencies of JSF will hamstring a project quite a bit – It's tough to beat good 'ol JSP and/or Velocity(if that's the "way you roll") for making quick and frequent changes.
At the Enterprise Level, I constantly run across home-grown frameworks that have evolved over time. They are MVC2 and meet the needs of the organization based upon their numerous constraints.
We as engineers often look for the solution that is "most pure", and we can argue forever with respect to what "pure" is, but frankly we need to examine corporate and non-technical constraints more closely when specifying a framework. Process, the ability to "fix the plane while in the air", finances and other issues make things interesting, and many large organizations have deep and immutable ties to old source control systems, release management processes and in one case that I've worked, non-standard dpkg release requirements. You never know what you're up against until you're up against it, and instead of forcing a solution, be a real engineer and accept the constraints and work within them.
"If there were no constraints, the Golden Gate Bridge would have been made out of billet Titanium and plated in Gold and Platinum for decoration." – me
The answer to me is – it all depends – you can say that Struts 1.x is end-of-life, but I heard that three years ago. I've got an old Swiss Army knife that's not nearly as good as my Leather Man Tool, but when I need a corkscrew or a toothpick or a plain old pen blade, it's still my "go to". I also like the way it feels in my hand.
I agree it does depend.


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Emmy Awards: biggest ever winners
Most nominated show - Saturday Night Live
Even longer-running than The Simpsons, satirical show Saturday Night Live - which has been going since 1975 - has notched up a total of 142 nominations over the years, making it the most nominated show in Emmy history. Pictured above is the 1992 Saturday Night Live cast - including names such as Chris Rock, Adam Sandler, and Al Franken, now a United States Senator.
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Can innovation survive budget cuts?
Join thought leaders from Department of Homeland Security, Government Accountability Office, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Noblis as they discuss future Science and Technology innovation for first responders. This Noblis Insights Panel is titled "Can Innovation Survive Budget Cuts?" In today's budget-constrained environment, how can government agencies do more with fewer resources?
Tags: technology , NIST , GAO , Noblis , Noblis Insights , DHS , budget cuts , science and technology , Timothy Persons , Jim Zarzycki , Daniel Gerstein
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Firefighters Rescue 'Idiots' From Roof
May 17, 2012 by UPI - United Press International, Inc.
AMHERST, Mass., (UPI) — A Massachusetts fire chief said five rescuers saved a trio of "idiots" who became trapped on a 20-foot roof.
Amherst Fire Chief W. Tim Nelson said firefighters responded to a 10:30 p.m. call Monday about three Hampshire College students stuck on a campus roof and they arrived to find the trio had climbed onto the roof of a taller building and jumped to the 20-foot building without any plan for getting back to the ground, The (Springfield) Republican reported Wednesday.
"They're idiots," Nelson said.
The fire chief said the students told them they were on the roof because they "wanted to see what it looks like up here."
Nelson said the students will be billed for the rescue and he will encourage school officials to sanction the trio for their actions.
"Bottom line: We're going to bill them for the response," the chief said. "There was no excuse for it; they chose to do this."


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UAB Blazers (12-4)@
East Carolina Pirates (9-8)
Monday, January 17
Williams Arena at Minges Coliseum
Attendance: 3,887
East Carolina
Game Leaders
26 pts, 75 fg%, 67 ft%
16 pts, 38 fg%, 75 ft%
16 pts, 60 fg%
7 reb
8 reb
3 ast
4 ast
Greenville, NC (Sports Network) - Jamarr Sanders scored a game-high 26 points, as the UAB Blazers defeated the East Carolina Pirates, 66-59, in a Conference USA matchup at Minges Coliseum.
Sanders knocked down not only 9-of-12 shots from the floor, but 6-of-7 behind the three-point line for the Blazers (12-4, 2-1 CUSA) as they won for the second time in the last three games. Cameron Moore added 16 points and Aaron Johnson 10 in the triumph.
Jamar Abrams and Jontae Sherrod both accounted for 16 points for the Pirates (9-9, 1-2), the latter clearing eight rebounds as well in the team's second loss in the last three contests. Brock Young chipped in with 10 points in the setback.
Both teams were limited on offense in the first half, yet despite sinking just seven field goals in the period ECU managed to move out to a 27-24 edge at the break.
In the second half the Blazers surged ahead by knocking down 54.5 percent from the field and 13-of-15 at the free-throw line in capturing the seven-point win.
In a game that saw seven ties and eight lead changes the Pirates hurt themselves with 16 turnovers and just 14-of-23 shooting at the charity stripe.
Tonight's game was originally scheduled for January 12, but postponed due to inclement weather.
Jamie Lucky, Kevin Mathis, Bert Smith


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One hour til #WWRLD on the West Coast at new time 10:30 pm. East coast what'd you think?
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Mad props to @bounce21NYC for hosting me tonight and playing #wwrld on like 50 tvs haha... Thank u thank u #wwrld
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Guest Blog: Introducing Master Naturalist John McGlaughlin
As mentioned in our last post, we are beginning our series of Guest Blogs with PA Master Naturalists. Here Naturalist-in-training John introduces himself and shares his video: "Birds, Arthropods, and Herpetology".
Hi all,
My name is John McGlaughlin and I am a PA Master Naturalist in training. I hail from the Roxborough section of Philadelphia and am a Public Defender by day and a Naturalist by night. I live a stone's throw away from Fairmount park and spent much of my life 'back the crick' enjoying the many splendors of the great outdoors. The Schuylkill Center for Environmental Education is another great resource that is also right around the corner from my house. I was even lucky enough to intern with the environmental education department of the Schuylkill Center during my college days at Temple University. Roxborough has so many outdoor opportunities that it's earned the nickname Philbilladelphia.
The PA Master Naturalist program has been nothing short of amazing so far. I heard about the program back in January by way of e-mail and had my application sent out the following week. I worked as an environmental educator a few years back at the Schuylkill Center and another place called the Ashokan Field Campus up in the Catskills. But then law school disrupted most of my environmental ed. opportunities and I've been hankering to get back into the field ever sine. I'm hoping to use my newfound Naturalist position to get back into teaching young people and sharing some of the great things I'm learning in the program.
So, everybody asks 'What do you do in the Master Naturalist program?' Well, so far we've done a whole lot. The course consists of weekly ecological readings, in-class lectures with environmental professionals, full day field trips and periodic nature journaling. Our coursework will culminate in a capstone project where each Naturalist develops a service project and then presents their idea to a panel of environmental experts.
This past week we focused on arthropods and ornithology but previous Naturalist topics included Wissahickon Geology, Biodiversity, Upland Habitats, Watersheds and Natural Selection. To get a better sense of the hands-on component of the Naturalist Program I brought my camera along for our ornithology/herpetology/arthropods session this past weekend to capture some of our adventures from the field.
New Feature: Guest Blogs from PA Master Naturalists!
People throughout Pennsylvania are doing amazing things to protect and preserve our environment. We at GreenTreks always strive to share these stories with you — both in our documentaries and through our blog posts.
We are thrilled now to be able to share the experiences of two people going through the Pennsylvania Master Naturalist program!
The Pennsylvania Master Naturalist program is a growing, statewide initiative designed to train master volunteers to conduct conservation education and outreach, citizen science, and service in their communities. The Program emphasizes community-based conservation by forging vital partnerships among community members and local organizations through service activities. The Pennsylvania Institute for Conservation Education administers the Master Naturalist program.
Over the course of the next several weeks, Master Naturalists Donna and John will be guest-blogging on the GreenTreks blog. We hope you enjoy hearing about their work in our community!


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Valley residents have been giving to bell ringers, toy drives, and other charities but how do they know the gifts are going to those who need it most?
Every year, Joan Gilmer at the Seventh Day Adventist Church in Staunton is handing out more food boxes. This year, she's got more than 100.
She says she makes sure the people receiving the food aren't doubling up with another charitable organization so the giving can be spread around.
"When I get my list together, I talk with Salvation Army to make sure we're not duplicating and that's how we screen them at the time," says Gilmer.
Capt. David May with the Salvation Army says many Staunton charity groups trade lists in the same way and that people go through a thorough screening process.
"Proof of their own identity, proof that they are responsible for the children they are applying for and they have to bring proof of their income and need so we can document and authenticate those things," says May.
Not all groups share those lists, which means people could be double dipping into the community's charitable pockets.
Warren Kalas, with Toys for Tots, says they don't share their list with the Salvation Army, because their operations are too large.
"It's not worth the time and the effort really. I don't think the percentage of people being called is that great, and if they're doing that, they're in need," says Kalas.
While Kalas says most people who receive gifts are honorable, he says some could take advantage.
He says, "What they're taking is being denied another kid."
Both organizations say the most important thing is to get help to the people who need it. Toys for Tots is still collecting toys until the end of this week.


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BETHESDA, Md. (AP) — Walter Reed National Military Medical Center in Bethesda says it's investigating the death of a hospital worker from western Maryland.
Spokeswoman Sandy Dean said Thursday that the investigation into the May 8 death of Navy Hospital Corpsman Tyler Morris of Fairplay is routine. She says all active-duty deaths are investigated according to military regulations.
Dean declined to discuss the circumstances of the 21-year-old sailor's death, citing medical privacy laws.
Navy Personnel Command spokesman Mike McLellan says Morris was admitted to the hospital as a patient May 5.
McLellan says Morris enlisted in 2010 and was assigned to Walter Reed last year after serving at the Naval Hospital in Beaufort, S.C., and Camp Lejeune Marine Corps Base in N.C.
Family members contacted by The Associated Press declined to comment.


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I was wondering, is it Robert Pattinson or the fictional Edward Cullen that makes your heart flutter with a desire to be bitten into imortality???
For me, it's Edward, wow, I never knew vampire's could be so desireable and sexy. I grew up watching the early black caped and fanged character's, Salem's Lot one of my fave movies as a teen b…
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MLB Team owners approve expanded replay to correct missed calls
New York, NY, United States (4E Sports) – Major League Baseball team owners have approved the expansion of replay to correct missed calls, a move hailed by commissioner Bud Selig as "historic".
"I am very pleased that instant replay will expand to include additional impactful plays," Selig said in a statement. "The new system will give managers valuable recourse in potentially game-changing situations."
"The opportunity for our fans to see more replays in our ballparks is also an important modification that the clubs and I favored," he added.
The new system, which will go into effect this season, will give managers most of the power to trigger reviews, by providing them with one challenge per game.,A second potential challenge will be given if their first one is upheld.
After a manager has used up all of his challenges, and only from the seventh inning on, would umpires be authorized to initiate a review on their own.
For the first time, calls at first base, at the plate and on the bases will be reviewable. There will be limited exceptions, including the fabled "neighborhood play" at second base.
MLB executive Tony La Russa, one of the architects of the new system, estimated that almost 90 percent of all potential calls are now reviewable.
However, La Russa clarified that the sport won't get every call correct but the goal was to eliminate what he called "the dramatic miss" that has changed game outcomes in the past.
"We're really [targeting] the dramatic miss," La Russa said, "not all misses."
The vote has been made after baseball officials negotiated late deals with the Major League Baseball Players Association and with the Major League Umpires Association.
Meanwhile, new rules governing home-plate collisions were not approved by owners because baseball still hasn't agreed with the players' union on the wording of those new rules.
However, MLB's COO, Rob Manfred, said enough progress has been made that "we fully expect to make an agreement with the union on home-plate collisions.
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This is a great short tour to take to learn about some of the history of Norfolk. It is free and the staff really cares about educating the public about the history. I highly recommend it for a short stop.
The structure, history and contents of this 200 year old house are amazing. Since it was continually occupied by 5 generations of the family, 70% of the furnishings in this are original including 2 Gilbert Stuart paintings.
A very interesting and amusing tour guide also.
I went there after Christmas. I enjoyed the visit. i enjoyed the tour that was given. It was real interesting. Some of the grounds was taken because of the parking garage. It looked different from 20 or 30 years ago when I was young and in school.
This is a great find off the beaten path. We go during the holidays when they special have tours and enjoy learning the history.
I went to this property because the Chrysler museum was being renovated and it didn't disappoint. The young gentleman on the front desk gave a super overview of the museum beforehand. Lots of original furniture and paintings, together with a clear information timeline.
I love historical sites- the area is rich in sites. We would read about for example George Washington as a child and visit his home the next day.
The Moses Myers House is a wonderful local surprise that is passed by every day traffic. Take the time to smell the roses.
loved the hsitory--it's astounding that such a place is surviving in Norfolk! this place would be great in Philadelphia or New York! Collection is outstanding--story of the house and family is great too--an architectural and historical gem--Norfolk is lucky to have this place
This 1792 home is lovely, but even more importantly, it does such good job of using the Myers' family to illustrate Norfolk's early history, notably the maritime trade but also a glimpse into Jewish life in colonial times and insights into the city's growth and development in the late 19th and early 20th century. When I arrived, the docent was...
This 1797 Federal style house is located in the Historic Norfolk Freeson District. Admission is free with the option of a free-will donation. Upon entering, guests are given the option of browsing independently or to tour the premis with a docent.....definitely agree to the docent in order to appreciate the history and personal stories that bring that era and the...
Wonderful original furniture and devoted docents, good restored garden.
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The main difference between American Roulette and European Roulette is the double zero in American Roulette. This is why American Roulette is often referred to as Double-Zero Roulette. The 0 and the 00 offer more betting options than in other variations of roulette.
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