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AJA Video Systems
AJA Video Systems is a leading manufacturer of high-quality and cost-effective digital video interface, conversion and desktop solutions for professional broadcast and post-production. The company is headquartered in Grass Valley, California.
Used by over 2,000 organizations worldwide, Aspera software delivers fast, efficient, reliable, and secure data transfers, regardless of data size, transfer distance and network conditions.
Avid Technology
Through Avid Everywhere™, Avid delivers the industry's most open, innovative and comprehensive media platform connecting content creation with collaboration, asset protection, distribution and consumption for the most listened to, most watched and most loved media in the world—from the most prestigious and award-winning feature films, music recordings, and television shows, to live concerts and news broadcasts. Industry leading solutions include Pro Tools®, Media Composer®, ISIS®, Interplay®, and Sibelius®. For more information about Avid solutions and services, visit www.avid.com, connect with Avid on Facebook, Twitter, YouTube, LinkedIn, Google+; or subscribe to Avid Blogs.
Calburk Consultants, LLC
Technology & Management Consulting Services
Cinegy is a world-leading software development company specializing in innovative video, broadcast and OEM solutions for international broadcasters and equipment vendors. Based on standard IT hardware and non-proprietary storage technology, Cinegy products are reliable, affordable, scalable, easily deployable and intuitive.
Cinegy's Application Areas include:
Troy Patterson
Events and Marketing Manager
Muellerstr. 27
80469 Munich, Germany
Ph: +49-89-238853-64
Email: email@example.com
Website: www.cinegy.com
Crispin is a leading supplier of automation and asset management solutions for TV broadcasters. Crispin provides highly modular and scalable MAM, archiving and "on-air" broadcast automation for news, sports, government and master control.
Offers a premier line of broadcast program and news automation control and archive products including master control automation, newsroom automation, archiving, disaster recovery, and broadcast centralization.
DIELECTRIC is a leading provider of innovative broadcast products. We design, engineer, and manufacture antennas, combiner switches, diplexers and transmission lines. www.dielectric.com
Ericsson's TV solutions help content owners to maximize the value of their content and enable operators to provide unique, blended multi-platform, multi-screen TV experiences.
Evertz is a leading global manufacturer of cutting edge hardware and software broadcast equipment that delivers complete end-to-end solutions for television broadcasts, telcos, satellite, cable TV and IPTV providers.
EVS XS advanced production servers offer multi-camera recording for script-based shooting, live to post production, and on-the-fly editing, with comprehensive and versatile content management systems to improve live, near-live and post-production efficiency. EVS OpenCubeHD/SD servers enable reliable MXF workflows for streamlined tapeless workflows in any production and post-production environment. www.evs.com
Grass Valley
For more than 50 years, the Grass Valley™ name has been synonymous with innovation, leadership, and performance. Leveraging IP technology with our proprietary knowledge of media processing and storage, we develop solutions that deliver unmatched interoperability and financial efficiency, and have the flexibility to change and grow as business evolves.
Harmonic (NASDAQ: HLIT) is the worldwide leader in video delivery infrastructure for emerging television and video services. The company's production-ready innovation enables content and service providers to efficiently create, prepare, and deliver differentiated services for television and new media video platforms. More information is available at www.harmonic.com
Heartland Video Systems, Inc.
Heartland Video Systems, Inc. is a reseller and system integrator. Our core competency includes: MPEG compression, IP/microwave transmission, master control and production control room systems.
Hitachi Kokusai Electric America, Ltd.
Sean Moran
VP, Broadcast & Professional Division
Hitachi Kokusai Electric America, Ltd.
150 Crossways Park Drive
Woodbury, NY11797
Tel:(516) 921-7200
Direct:(516) 682-4431
Fax: (516) 496-3718
Hitachi Kokusai Electric America, Ltd is a world-renowned, leading manufacturer of digital HDTV video cameras, data transmission, and processing systems for the broadcast television, cable, video production, religious, institutional and industrial video markets. The Broadcast and Professional Sales group has been established for more than 40 years in the U.S.A. providing the sales, marketing and service of these products. Our popular HDTV cameras provide THE BEST R.O.I. on the market by combining Hitachi's multi-patent portfolio in digital technologies and the most attractive, competitive prices.
Find out why Hitachi HDTV cameras are the best kept secret in the TV Industry; for more information, please call (516) 921-7200 or visit Hitachi's web site at http://www.hitachikokusai.us.
Hitachi Kokusai Electric, Inc. (TSE, OSE: 6756), is a Hitachi, Ltd. (NYSE: HIT) group company.
IEEE Broadcast Technology Society (BTS)
The IEEE Broadcast Technology Society (BTS) is a technical society and council dedicated toward advancing electrical and electronic engineering by maintaining scientific technical standards as well as educating its members through various meetings, presentations, events, conference, and training programs. http://bts.ieee.org
IHSE USA is a leading innovator in long distance extenders and matrix switch products for KVM, DVI, HDMI, USB, Audio and RS232/422. Find more at www.ihseusa.com
Imagine Communications
Leveraging more than five decades of innovation, Imagine Communications is a world-leading provider of media software and networking solutions to more than 3,000 media, broadcast, service provider, government and enterprise customers spanning 185 countries. Today, nearly half of the world's video channels traverse through more than 3 million of our products deployed around the world. With a bold vision and commitment to IP and cloud-based, software-defined networks and workflows, Imagine Communications is delivering billions of moments around the world anywhere, anytime and on any device. Visit www.imaginecommunications.com for more information, and follow us on Twitter @imagine_comms.
IneoQuest is the leader in video analytics providing solutions to monitor, analyze and optimize video – independent of the screen or network – with end-to-end visibility into every subscriber, viewing experience, channel, and advertisement. www.ineoquest.com
Integrated Microwave Technologies, LLC
Integrated Microwave Technologies comprises the leading microwave brands Nucomm and RF Central, offering broadcasters worldwide complete broadcast solutions. Nucomm is a premium brand of digital microwave video systems (including COFDM and VSB) for portable and fixed link applications. RF Central is an innovative brand of compact microwave video equipment for licensed and license free broadcast applications. IMT is an ISO 9001:2008 certified QMS organization and recipient of multiple industry awards for design and innovations.
Masstech Group Inc.
Masstech media management solutions save content, share it among all production systems anywhere, and enable you to continually transform your content for distribution. Visit www.masstech.com.
Miranda Technologies
Miranda Technologies, a Belden Brand, is one of the world's leading providers of hardware and software solutions for the television broadcast, cable, satellite and IPTV industry. Our solutions span the full breadth of television operations, including production, playout, and delivery to subscribers. With a wealth of experience in delivering IT-based and traditional television systems, Miranda is uniquely positioned to enable broadcasters and pay TV operators to transform their facilities into streamlined and agile operations. Our highly integrated, television systems allow a rapid migration to scalable, multi-format and on-demand workflows. This engineering and workflow transformation can be performed at the pace and scale that suits individual media businesses as they build and improve the critical processes that generate revenue.
Miranda's expertise has been especially useful for a host of public television customers all over the United States who have benefitted from the company's commitment to workflow efficiency powered by future-proofed solutions.
Over the past 23 years, Miranda's growth has been driven by continuous innovation, along with an emphasis on close partnership with our customers to help them achieve their business objectives. To deliver this support, Miranda employs more than 700 people around the world, in both developed and emerging markets.
For nearly three decades Myers has been a pioneer in developing broadcast management software that keeps pace with the rapidly evolving media industry. We specialize in supporting media facilities that produce, acquire, and manage their own content. Whether you're engaged in linear or non-linear media distribution, ProTrack will serve up the insight, drive your workflows, and deliver the metadata that provides the most value to your audience, advertisers, vendor partners, and staff. We invite you to stop by our booth to discuss ways we can help you achieve your goals at an affordable price point.
Building on a heritage of innovation and pioneering firsts, Nevion is a leader in media transport - from the camera to the home. www.nevion.com
OpenText is the leader in Enterprise Information Management (EIM). EIM enables government agencies and departments to continually improve citizen service levels, lower costs of operations, and reduce information governance and security related risks. OpenText focuses on the key success factors to improve business insight, strengthen business impact, accelerate process velocity, address information governance, and secure information.
Phone- 1-800-499-6544
OS Storage
Provider of On Site Archival and Cloud Archival.
Sencore is a world class technology company focused on engineering, marketing and delivering innovative and reliable products and services for professional broadcast, satellite, cable, IPTV and content providers around the work to enable efficient, high quality video delivery. More information about Sencore is available at the company's website, www.sencore.com
SES is a world-leading satellite operator with a fleet of over 55 geostationary satellites providing satellite communications services to media, business and government organizations worldwide.
Snell, a Quantel Company, is a leading innovator in digital media technology, providing broadcasters with a comprehensive range of solutions to create, manage, and streamline the distribution of content for today's multi-screen world. At PBS 2014 TechCon, Snell will present Morpheus ICE Channel-in-a-Box system with latest features for local, regional, or centralcast playout.
Sony Professional Solutions of America
Sony Electronics' Professional Solutions of America group develops and manufactures video and audio technologies for a wide range of professional production applications –ranging from HD to 4K and beyond. These technologies include camera, workflow and archive solutions for feature motion picture, documentary and television and second screen production. Sony also specializes in HD and 4K display solutions for digital cinema, content evaluation public display, museums and 4K solutions for the home. http://www.sony.com/professional
Studer designs and manufacturers small and large format audio mixing consoles for TV & radio live broadcasting, and broadcast production applications. Log on to the ePBS Purchasing Portal to learn more about Studer's exclusive PBS pricing for stations, discounted by 45%.
Solid State Logic
Solid State Logic is the world's leading manufacturer of audio technology for Broadcast, Post and Music production. SSL designs and manufactures Digital Broadcast Audio Consoles, Audio Routing & Asset Sharing and Audio I/O solutions dedicated to broadcast audio production excellence. SSL provides a wide range of scalable systems and solutions to fit the needs of broadcasters of all sizes and enjoys a reputation for outstanding pre and post sale advice and support. Leading broadcasters rely on SSL to deliver powerful, user friendly systems with the resilience to keep them on air. www.solidstatelogic.com
Triveni Digital, Inc.
Triveni Digital Inc., develops systems that enable television service providers and broadcasters to deploy enhanced programs and services to their viewers. Triveni Digital's products for program guide and metadata management, data broadcasting, and video quality assurance are renowned for their ease of use and innovative features. Working with leading industry partners, Triveni Digital employs an open and standards-compliant approach to the digital television market. More information is available at www.TriveniDigital.com.
Ralph Bachofen
40 Washington Road
Princeton Junction, NJ 08550
United States
The PBS WARN Project, under a grant from the NTIA, distributes to Public Television stations the equipment necessary to fulfill the FCC mandate to provide a hardened diverse path for CMAS messages over the PBS satellite feed and grants to fund power backup and hardening projects.
Aaron M. Silverman
Communications Director
WARN Project
Public Broadcasting Service
2100 Crystal Drive
Arlington, VA 22202
Westar Satellite Services
Westar Master Control Services brings on clients with NO CAPITAL EXPENSE. We allow you to turn that burden into a monthly operating expense. www.westarsat.com
Wohler RadiantGrid
The groundbreaking Wohler RadiantGrid Media Transformation Platform facilitates efficient file-based content creation and distribution, quality control, and faster-than-real-time transcoding and standards conversion. http://www.wohler.com/RgPlatform.aspx
AJA Video Systems
Avid Technology
Digital Broadcast, Inc. (DBI)
Grass Valley
Heartland Video Systems, Inc.
Hitachi Kokusai Electric America, Ltd.
Imagine Communications
Integrated Microwave Technologies, LLC
Miranda Technologies
NRT Workflow
OS Storage
PBS Digital
PTV Interconnection v6
Solid State Logic
Sony Professional Solutions of America
Triveni Digital, Inc.
Westar Satellite Services
Wohler RadiantGrid
Additional Sponsors
Calburk Consultants
IEEE Broadcast Technology Society (BTS)


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Code: 667576
Hamleys Crumble Teddy Bear
Crumble tries his best to be neat and tidy but always leaves a trail of crumbs behind him. From the new Hamleys We Love to Hug collection comes this adorable baby-safe bear. A friendly little guy, babies will love to touch and stroke cuddly Crumble. Made from the softest caramel coloured plush, this bear is so soothing and comforting to hug. Crumble wears a very smart red Hamleys embossed bow and has Hamleys embroidered on his footpad. The perfect gift to celebrate a new birth, Crumble is made of highest quality and features a We Love to Hug fabric gift tag. Small size. Measures 6 .
- 0 Years
- 3-8 yrs
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subset: commoncrawl


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Inspired by the lost art of letter writing, after finding an old letter in an antiques shop. Wear it and have everyone guessing what it says!
This pendant is made up of a sphere of random letters, the raised ones spelling out 'lost words'.
To add a personalised touch, this piece can be customised. Please message me for more details should you wish a bespoke piece, prices and delivery times will vary depending on the amount of lettering and design required.
The pendant measures 18mm diameter. It hangs from an 61cm double blackened silver ball chain with toggle clasp.
Material Used
The pendant is made from sterling silver. The chain is stering silver which has been blackened


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Aymeline Valade Is Armani's Fall Face
Aymeline Valadewho resembles Angelina Jolie in the image aboveis Giorgio Armani's fall face. Mert Alas and Marcus Piggott captured her in poses evoking a "sense of timeless elegance," according to Armani, which highlight the collection's tailored menswear feel. Aside from the image above, Armani has returned to mainly black and white adsas can be seen after the cutafter three years of colorful campaigns.


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"Let's do the Kamasutra": rammelnde Häschen / bunnies copulating
This great product in neon pink from our department Women and T-Shirt category can be printed just for you in the size and style you like. The design Kamasutra-Häschen / kamasutra rabbits (B, 1c) was created by YASH2 and uploaded to Spreadshirt for you to have printed on a T-Shirt. Next to a host of other great designs, you can find this Kamasutra-Häschen / kamasutra rabbits (B, 1c) design in Spreadshirt's Couples category. If you are interested in topics like Kamasutra or Liebe, then you'll love Kamasutra-Häschen / kamasutra rabbits (B, 1c) designs by YASH2. Spreadshirt also offers a huge selection of personalised T-shirts, hoodies and accessories for the category Couples as well as top Love clothing. YASH2's designs have already impressed many of our customers, so we are sure that we've got right stuff for you! Spreadshirt is your shop for great designs of all kinds – whether it's Kamasutra, Liebe or Love. We are sure that you will find something nice in our shop, there are many amazing personalised Couples T-shirts, jumpers or accessories for you to find!Tags: Design ID: 11766215
Bloggerin, Beraterin und Webdesignerin und last but not least: _ Grafik-Designerin _
Webdesign, Malen+Zeichnen, Fotografie
i love rain Umbrellas Designed by Zombie-Pinguin
"Black and White" - Yin Yang -Cats Designed by modartis
i everything photoshoot Lanyards Designed by Zombie-Pinguin
cook Aprons Designed by milie
I love you Designed by spreaduserDE
What? White Hoodies & Sweatshirts Designed by CatsInLove
Turn me on Accessories Designed by ACPerona
Tested on Animals - Didn't Fit T-Shirts Designed by Thinkstuffs
The Walking Drunk Phone & Tablet Cases Designed by CheesyB
Ecologically sound: this form-fitting t-shirt for women is part of our "EathPositive Collection" by Continental Clothing. It was fabricated entirely by means of renewable energy sources like wind and solar. This is how CO2 emission could be reduced by 90% when compared to regular t-shirt production. And, what's more, this t-shirt is just as sensitive to your skin, too: It's made from organic cotton. Fabric weight: 155g/m². 100% cotton.
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SI Prizm MFrame - Oakley
Oakley Standard Issue has developed an array of contrast enhanced Prizm lenses...
Richard Poplawski admitted in phone calls to a friend and 911 dispatchers he was killing police officers at his home, witnesses testified Tuesday in his capital murder trial.
"I shot three cops," Michael Bogert, 18, testified that Poplawski told him in a phone call before he surrendered. "I got shot. I'm probably going to bleed to death, or go to jail for the rest of my life."
Margaret Poplawski, his mother, told police they "should have killed her son; he's a cop-killer; and that she didn't have anything to do with this," according to Pittsburgh SWAT Officer Joseph Novakowski.
Source: Pittsburgh Tribune-Review
Related: Trial Begins In Killing of Three Pittsburgh Officers
Tags: Pittsburgh Police Bureau, Pittsburgh Ambush, Murder Prosecutions, 911 Calls, Cop Killers


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Welcome to the homepage of BAT, the Bit-level Analysis Tool. BAT implements a state-of-the-art decision procedure for solving quantifier-free formulas over the extensional theory of fixed-size bit-vectors and fixed-size bit-vector arrays (memories). Such problems often appear in hardware, software, and security domains. BAT uses innovative techniques for efficiently translating from the high-level BAT language into tractable SAT problems. These techniques include:
- A powerful technique for greatly reducing memories.
- Subformula hashing.
- The integration of term-rewriting techniques into the translation algorithm.
- A new CNF generation algorithm.
Key features of the BAT language are:
- Strongly typed, with type inference.
- Essentially equivalent to synthesizable subsets of HDLs such as Verilog.
- User-defined functions.
- Constant definitons for easily creating parameterized models.
- Memories are treated as first-class objects. This means they can be passed to functions and compared for (in)equality.
The result is a tool that can solve problems that cannot be handled by any other decision procedure we have tried. For example, BAT can prove that a 32-bit 5 stage pipelined machine model refines its ISA in approximately 2 minutes. We know of no other tools that can solve even much simpler pipeline machine examples. See the benchmarks page for this and other benchmarks.
To find out more about BAT or to use it yourself, see the links along the left side of this website.
Contact us if you have any questions or want to collaborate on interesting applications.
The authors are Pete Manolios (Advisor), Sudarshan Srinivasan (Applications and Benchmarks), and Daron Vroon (Developer).


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Tomas and Eric's Downtown Davinci Loft
House Tour
Name: Tomas Newsom and Eric Turic - Owners of Davinci
Location: Downtown Los Angeles, California
Size: 800 square feet
Years lived in: 1
I first met Tomas and Eric at their furniture store, Davinci. They had a custom black desk in the window that drew me in to explore the rest of their store. Tomas is a furniture designer and has designed many of the pieces that are in their space. Their home feels very personal and special because Tomas' work surrounds them.
My favorite elements are the use of saturated colors and soft textures, which warm up an otherwise industrial space. My favorite piece that Tomas designed - definitely the pitch black lacquer desk. I am also still saving up for the sectional sofa that is seen in their living room and offered for sale in their store. It is always fun to get an inside look into someone's personal space and I am always curious to see the home of a designer.
Apartment Therapy Survey:
Our Style: Urban Hollywood Regency
Inspiration: The energy of living in a downtown loft
Favorite Element: The downtown skyline view
Biggest Challenge: Trying to space plan the bedroom
What Friends Say: Love it! and "So big city."
Biggest Embarrassment: The design of the space is still a work in progress
Proudest DIY: Ikea closet
Biggest Indulgence: The bar cart that Tomas designed
Best advice: Don't be afraid to take a basic piece of furniture and dress it up to fit within your own personal style. We added a mirrored surface to our kitchen island to make it a little more sexy.
Dream source: Davinci custom furniture
Resources of Note:
Thanks Tomas & Eric!
Images: Bethany Nauert
• HOUSE TOUR ARCHIVE Check out past house tours here
• Interested in sharing your home with Apartment Therapy? Contact the editors through our House Tour Submission Form.
• Are you a designer/architect/decorator interested in sharing a residential project with Apartment Therapy readers? Contact the editors through our Professional Submission Form.
66 Comments
What, no picture of their proudest DIY the Ikea closet?!?!?! Come on! The tease!
Beautiful space btw.
beautiful decanter collection. the people living here look truly happy. that's wonderful to see.
Tomas and Eric's house is so inspiring and damn sexy too.
It's a great space, I am totally jealous of the view.
I really love the furniture pieces and colors, everything works so beautifully! That shag rug is amazing with your couch. It would have been difficult for me to see how to make that work.
Also, I want to comment specifically to say that the pictures in this AT tour are of a much higher quality than ones of late. Please more like this!!
really nice balance of comfort and style - thanks for an inspirational post
Its nice to see the couple working together and smiling.. Normally, we get the get it over with face:(
Love it! And super jealous of their view!
over all, very nice work. Allow me to be slightly critical now as I have noticed a lot of repetition in the posts lately. Am I the only person who is tired of seeing faux animal heads on walls? It seems to be only marginally better than real ones. this reminds me of the over exposure of the trendy " Keep Calm and Carry On " poster. At least you refrained from displaying the Ikea white mini fur rug, I an item truly over used and boring. Although, it might be very handy in cold climates. Thank you for allowing my pet peeves to be noted and again over all you have an amazing space.
Fantasitic! Love the headboard, pillows, rug in living room (what's it made of?), artwork. Would like to see the large artwork piece leaning against the wall. Great color combos!
So glad that the trend seems to lean toward showing the occupants of the awesome pads they inhabit. I love to see who lives there. Keep it up.
Awesome job, guys!
hey guys, what building are you in? don't recognize it.... the windows are truly amazing...
great use of space!
I heart the skulls:)
beautiful place (and couple!) that giant art piece leaning against the wall in the living room is so cool.
Way too trendy for my taste. I am so over faux antlers.
For a custom furniture make they have way to much crap from Ikea.
fantastic headboard!
That headboard may be the sexiest piece of furniture I've ever seen.
I am in love with that green tufted headboard. Want!
What cuties! And one (or both) of them is a really talented decorator.
Oh mah gawd! Where can I find that totally awesome skull jar? So cool! Love this!
These guys should be my best friends. I LOVE the whimsy mixed with glam. Hot house. Love it!
Lots of towels!
I'm certain that when I read the list of the coolest people on the planet, your names will be listed.
A gorgeous and sophisticated home, and a well put-together tour, sparing us endless boring vignettes. It's true that the animal heads are popping way too much on AT, but the one in this home is actually really cool, and I like how it is displayed over the bed.
Nice space, cool windows, happy couple and that's great but the stuff they have, while clearly important to them, is not very imaginative and rather mediocre. Please, more evident, even risky creativity in these tours !
Fell in love with the bar cart!
Well, the kitchen and bathroom could be all ikea, but it's not like they make cabinets/built-ins, and I don't actually see anything else ikea here? o.O
The mirror on the ikea island is pretty sexy! I would worry I'd knock one of the stools against it and crack it. XD;;
(Randomly, I really like the black-andwhite bombe chest on the site. :D )
loved it! the headboard is to die for :)
Smart home, especially like the picture feature wall, lovely stuff.
Very nice place! Especially love the glamourous purple armchair, ideal for perching with a martini.
I would title this house tour...Good Clean Fun!
The sandblasted children's ride is by far the best thing I have seen since forever...I can't begin to tell you how much I love it!!!!!!!!!
It isn't my personal style, but I really enjoy some of the color combinations - particularly the silver lampshades with the green bases and headboard. It's almost like jewelry.
I. Need. That. Headboard. Love the space, so inspiring!
I sense some IKEA disdain. Sometimes it's nice for those of us that don't have a design snob budget to see others dipping into the affordable realm. It's certainly a responsible move in this economic environment. One of the cooler pieces they have is the Spraka spice mill in black from the IKEA PS collection. I've even seen a hack where someone used this spice mill as table legs. So there are always gems at the big blue and yellow box. I also see a lot of CB2 in the accent pieces. I say there's nothing wrong with mixing frugality into your design...
@jude252....you read my mind. I also noticed that we're seeing a lot of those wooden animal heads on AT lately and they're just as tacky as the originals.
Gorgeous home. Love seeing people who look truly happy.
Awesome place; where did you get that lovely glass clock on your coffee table?
I love the bed and I love the flowers! Gorgeous, happy home!
The white couch looked quite inviting. Loved the colors & artwork. Fun & not stuffy, with just enough masculine undertones. Enjoyed the tour.
What a sexy space. LOVE it! Beautiful mix of objects.
Amazing space. Love your decor style, especially the bedroom!
gorgeous, sexy, & fun. beautiful pieces, esp. the headboard, bedroom lamps & table, & that purple chair.
Is your olive oil container... a Dan Aykroyd Crystal Head Vodka bottle?? I hope you had a chance to drink that before you re-purposed it! :-)
Va-voom, what a hottie couple! If there is reincarnation I'm coming back as a hot gay guy who loves to work out, has lacquered furniture, and is a gourmet cook. Too much to ask? Love the apt.
loved it! very warm in spite of cool pallete. nice to see evidence that happy people can even make a cool space look warm/inviting.
and - if the owners turn up on the site: where did you get those great kitchen bar stools?!
Since when is well executed sculpture "tacky". And for people who've claimed to be offended by faux animal heads in the past, are they also offended by busts or figurative works? As a sculptor myself, I guess I should be ashamed of my work? Sheesh. To the homeowners, sorry for the rant. I think your home is sweet! I responded immediately to the sculptural aesthetic as well as individual pieces on dispay. I now understand your appreciation of sculpture in the context of your profession, furniture design, which, when done right, is functional sculpture. Really well done!
you can see that it is nicely put together, the pic where you look down into the kitchen bothers me too much going on, may be remove all that glass from the top of the uppers and keep it clean, I am not a fan of open kitchens(too much clutter), you did a smart thing to use that Ikea cabinet as prep/ bar area, all the pic on the wall in the dining area are too much move them some where else(bedroom wall?), move the big painting over there it'll quiet the place down.
those were the negative remarks now the positive ones, love the bedroom and those gorgeous lamps, bathroom cabinet very tasteful and the linen closet so organized and you're a cute couple good luck you two and congrats with this great place.
LOOOOOOOOOOVE this!!! As a designer, I will say that you have a designer's dream space. The only thing I would remove is the decal above the bed, but that's just my personal anti-decal view. The colors, mix of styles, and arrangements are spot on.
Maybe you're not allowed to paint those white walls, but I wish you would! So many cool, colorful pieces, but the space feels non-committal to me because the walls are so blah. The (ONE!) overall shot just doesn't look cohesive. I love a lot of the individual pieces. That black desk is awesome and so is the headboard!
Great place to live in... gosh!! You guys have done so well.
I LOVE that huge painting that's leaning up against the wall near the lounge chair, I want one!!
As some of us down-under say, what spunks! (sorry I couldn't resist, they are so goodlooking!) Love the view and the happy feel of the house. Thanks for sharing!
I love the combination of high and low with mix of custom and big box pieces. The headboard and upholstered furniture are fab. Ditto the love for homeowners in the pictures.
I would love to know the fabric of the striped pillows on the sofa!
I think all the negative input is unnecessary.
Who cares what you think....you are not living in it!
Oops I forgot a thing, Vix Vax is right painting the walls would help a lot, but as mentioned may be you're not allowed to do that!
Wow - your house is gorgeous. Well done! So many fantastic individual items, and the juxtapositions are great. You guys look like a fun bunch to have drinks with. But at your place. Mine doesn't look as good as yours (yet).
I would LOVE to see the homes of the commenters on here who make nasty and negative comments about these apartment tours. Would LOVE to. Ha.
This apartment is beautiful. There's really no other word to describe it. I'm all for Ikea furniture. Who cares if it's trendy? It looks nice, and if you have a creative mind, you can put your own spin on it anyway.
Absolutely gorgeous home, guys! :-) Inspiring...
Other than the dresser in the bedroom, I can't really spot any Ikea items!
nice room. just wanted to share the complete catalog of Nuevo Living which I saw on other site while browsing for similar lighting you showed in the post. Good Job. Really helpful.
Fantastic space!
Two questions:
Where is the bar cart and duvet from?
Absolutely love this tour! More like this please, so inspiring. :D
Such an interesting apartment. A spectacular (yet comfortable) assemblage of the unexpected.
You both stole my heart with the purple chair!! *Sigh* Thank you for that.
Bar Cart was designed by our very own designer Tomas Nesom. The duvet was Crate & Barrel.
Bar Stools were designed by our very own designer Tomas Newsom. Almost all the furniture is available at DAVINCI.
Most of the furniture and accessories are from DAVINCI in Los Angeles. www.davincila.com


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When the iPod craze swept the US (and the world), we were inundated with products that were 'made for iPod'. Now that Apple's overall percentage share of computers in the US is increasing with every passing quarter we'll begin to see more and more 'made for Apple' products start to materialize.
Belkin's latest, the Switch-to-Mac cable, makes it easy and supposedly painless to transfer files from your PC to your new Apple computer. The cable includes Belkin's migration assistant that automatically transfers movies, music, photos, file and web settings to your new machine via USB 2.0.
The Switch to Mac cable should be available any day now for $50


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Eight Little-Known Facts about the Roth IRA
Published on - September 15th, 2011 (by J.D. Roth)
This is a guest post by Jeff Rose, a Certified Financial Planner. Rose is also the author of Good Financial Cents, a financial planning and investment blog. He's also working on his book entitled Soldier of Finance, which combines his military background and financial planning experience.
Most Americans want to save for retirement, but most don't know how to start. Putting money into a savings account is ideal for short-term goals and emergency funds, but there are better investment vehicles for long-term savings. One investment vehicle that I've grown to love almost as much as much as I love In-N-Out Burger (keyword: almost) is the Roth IRA.
I know Get Rich Slowly has covered the Roth IRA a lot in the past, but new readers might not be that familiar with it. Besides, even though you might think you know everything about Roth IRAs, here are some facts that might be new to you.
The Roth IRA has been around the block
Most people don't know that the Roth IRA is getting close to getting its driving permit having been around for almost 14 years. It originally started with the Tax Relief Act of 1997, named after late Senator William Roth of Delaware. According to a study by the Investment Company Institute as of 2008, more than 15.9% of all U.S. households own a Roth IRA compared to 32.1% for Traditional IRAs.
There are more dollars invested in traditional IRAs, but look out: In 2004, contributions to Roth IRAs were $14.7 billion, while contributions to traditional IRAs were $12.6 billion. Many suspect that with the Roth IRA conversion event of 2010 it will lead to a further influx of Roth IRA contributions. Much can be attributed to this based on when the Roth IRA conversion was made available in 1998. During that time, 1.4 million taxpayers converted $39.3 billion in traditional IRAs to Roth IRAs.
Contributions to Roth IRA are not tax-deductible
Unlike other retirement vehicles, such as the employee-sponsored 401(k), contributions to a Roth IRA are not tax-deductible. Contributions to your Roth IRA are made with after-tax dollars, which does not offer an immediate tax benefit, but rather one that is recognized at the time of distribution. When you take a qualified distribution from your Roth IRA you will never pay taxes on that money.
This allows you to have access to your contributions at any time. That's an attractive feature for those that want to save for retirement, but are worried about having to pay a penalty if they need access to the money.
While you don't get a tax deduction, you may qualify for the Roth IRA savers credit. The downside of the credit is that if your income exceeds $27,500 filing single, or $55,500 married filing jointly, you don't qualify.
You must meet eligibility requirements to contribute to a Roth IRA
As the Roth IRA gains in popularity among retirement savers, many people don't realize that not everyone will be able to contribute to this type of account. In order to contribute to a Roth IRA, you must fall below the established income thresholds set forth by the IRS each year. The cutoff limits (otherwise known as phaseout limits) for 2011 are $122,000 for single filers and $179,000 married couples filing jointly.
If your income falls beneath the threshold for your filing status for the year, you must also make contributions from taxable compensation. This means individuals can not use rental property payments, royalties, or other non-taxable compensation to make contributions to a Roth IRA.
You may be able to convert other retirement accounts to a Roth IRA
Since 2010, there are new conversion rules that apply to the transferring of funds from a traditional IRA or 401(k) to a Roth IRA. When you convert from a tax-deferred retirement account to a tax-free retirement account, you'll potentially see many benefits long term. It's important to remember that the IRS isn't going to forget about the taxation of this money. Whatever amount you transfer to the Roth IRA will be tacked on to your earned income (and taxed at your current rate) for the year of the conversion.
Please note: 2010 allowed you to split the tax bill over a multi-year period, but that expired in 2010.
The Roth IRA can be used for other savings goals
Usually experts recommend that retirement vehicles be used solely for retirement purposes. However, out of all the retirement accounts on the market, the Roth IRA can be used for other goals.
Since you've already paid taxes on your contributions, you're able to enjoy tax-free distributions of those contributions (but not the earnings) before you reach retirement age. As long as all distribution requirements have been met, you may access that money for other things such as a down payment on a home or college tuition. Often times I'll meet with young parents who are very ambitious about saving for the kids college but barely saving anything for their own retirement. In these situations, I'll often suggest the Roth IRA as a viable substitute.
Roth IRA distributions don't contribute to taxable earnings
One of the most attractive features of the Roth IRA is that when you start taking distributions, you don't have to worry about them contributing to your taxable income. This is because Roth IRA contributions grow in your account tax free. This is because you are making contributions with after-tax dollars. With a traditional IRA, you make a contribution with pre-tax dollars, so you end up with a deduction. A traditional IRA contribution lowers your taxable income.
This is not the case with a Roth IRA. You get no tax benefit immediately for making a contribution to your Roth retirement account. You pay taxes on your income, and then you make your contribution. However, because you have already paid taxes on the money you use, you won't be taxed on it again. Your money grows tax free. For those who think that they'll be in a higher tax bracket or that tax rates will go up by the time they retire, this can be an advantage. You pay taxes at your current, lower rate, and then when you take your distributions, you avoid paying taxes at your future higher rate.
There's a five-year rule for Roth IRA withdrawals
It's possible to withdraw money that you've contributed to your Roth IRA at any time, tax- and penalty-free, as long as you meet the distribution requirements. However, if you want to withdraw the earnings from your Roth IRA, it's important to realize that you must have the account for at least five years. The clock starts ticking from the first day of the tax year in which you designate your contribution. So, if you open your Roth IRA in September of 2011 and make your initial contribution, you can make withdrawals of your earnings starting 01 January 2016.
This also works if you open your Roth IRA before April 15th and designate the contribution for the previous year. For example, you can open a Roth IRA on 10 April 2012, and designate 2011 as the year for your contribution. Clock starts ticking on 01 January 2011, even though you opened your IRA in April.
The five-year rule also applies to conversions. You cannot withdraw the converted amount in your Roth IRA until five years have passed.
There are no required minimum distributions during the life of the Roth IRA owner
For some folks, required minimum distributions (RMDs) are a big problem with retirement accounts. This is a minimum amount that the IRS says you have to withdraw from your retirement account each year once you reach a certain age. With some accounts, like 401(k)s, this can be disheartening, since the RMD can add to taxable income, possibly putting you in a higher tax bracket.
However, with a Roth IRA, there are no RMDs. The owner never has to withdraw money if he or she doesn't want to. It's important to note that this privilege disappears upon the death of a Roth IRA owner; heirs to the Roth IRA must take RMDs (but the RMDs are still tax free). Inheriting a Roth IRA is very similar to receiving the proceeds of a paid out life insurance policy.
Bottom Line
The Roth IRA is growing in popularity because it offers many benefits without several of the drawbacks associated with other retirement accounts. In addition to the information noted here, the Roth IRA allows for contributions for the remainder of your life, unlike the traditional IRA that restricts you from contributing after age 70-1/2.
A Roth IRA can be a great savings tool. Just make sure you understand Roth IRA rules that come with it, and be careful to adhere to them.
This article is about Investing, Retirement
Money you roll over from a 401(k) to an IRA can be a traditional IRA or a Roth IRA, depending on whether you pay tax at the time of rollover. If you simply move the 401(k) money to IRA without paying taxes on it, then it is a traditional IRA.
If all of your 401(k) contributions had been pre-tax, then you'll have a big tax bill when you convert to a Roth IRA.
What do you suggest people should do to optimize return on 401(k) to Roth IRA conversion?
Unfortunately there's not a lot you can do other than not make a lot of money. Obviously, that's not very cool.
If you are a business owner and you have a net capital loss, that gives you the option to greatly reduce your tax liability.
Another way to minimize the tax burden is to pick and choose when you roll over certain portions. If someone loses their job or has a significant reduction in income that would be an ideal time to do a conversion (full or portion) since they can take advantage of being in the lower tax bracket.
I have also used the ROTH IRA successfully as a down payment on our first home. i was able to withdraw $10,000 and put that towards our down payment.
I believe you can also withdraw penalty free for education expenses as well.
This is correct (assuming the education expenses are "qualified higher education expenses"). In addition, these are both acceptable ways to get money out of a traditional IRA prior to age 59.5 without paying the 10% penalty.
Do remember that although you avoid the 10% penalty, however; keep in mind that you'll still be on the hook for any income tax liability generated by an early withdrawal.
For those planning for an early retirement, being able to withdraw the principle could be incredibly helpful. My plan calls for using that principle as living expenses for several years, until the other revenue streams kick in.
Via the 72(t) rules it's possible to get money out of a traditional IRA prior to age 59.5 without paying a penalty.
That said, it's tricky business and best done with the help of a tax professional.
Right, Mike.
We're planning on doing the 82(t) withdraws for our 401(k) plans as well. We'll see if that works or not.
This article may be helpful:
You'll see that the "series of substantially equal periodic payments" appears there as one of the exceptions.
Note also, however, that you're allowed penalty-free distributions from a 401(k) starting at age 55 (rather than 59.5) if your separation from service occurred in a year in which you turned 55 (or older) — the advantage to this over the SEPP route being that you're not locked in once you start.
I'm personally not a big fan of 72(t), especially if you can avoid it. Mike brings up a good point about early distribution rules starting at 55.
I've had clients that have locked in 72(t) during the last 5 years and you can imagine how chaotic that has been with the ups and downs of the market. Locking yourself in for any extended period of time, can leave you vulnerable, IMHO.
Also, it is possible that income tax rates will either be the same or higher (even after considering a smaller need for income) in retirement for those retiring 10, 20 or 30 years from now. This diminishes the value of the traditional IRA.
I'm a CFP and I don't think I'll ever contribute to a traditional IRA again in my lifetime. I use ROTH.
My ROTH IRA is designated as many things — retirement account, emergency fund, education savings and more…
Is maxing out the Roth IRA AT 5,000.00 per year enough for Retirement?
For me its not, its best to have both pre-tax and after tax income streams in retirement.
How about ROTH 401K? Can this be covered in a followup post.
Yeah that would be great. I have a Roth 401k at work and am a bit confused. Are employer contributions actually part of the Roth 401k or are the held in something like at Traditional 401k?
They're in your Roth 401k, but are taxable upon withdrawal. Roth 401ks seem like they're a bit of a logistical nightmare because you account for a portion of it to be taxed and a portion to be untaxed.
I think it might depend on the company? My husband has the option of a regular 401K AND a Roth 401K, but in order to have the Roth 401K he must also have a regular 401K and that's where the company contributions go regardless of how he divvies up his own contributions.
I am the Owner of a small business where my wife is the only other employee. We use a ROTH 401K and a Traditional 401K. We make post-tax contributions up to the 401K limit and then our company can match up to 25% of our salary into the traditional 401K. The greatest advantage of this over the ROTH IRA is there is no income limit. With the IRA you must make under a certain amount. Anyone can participate in the ROTH 401K. We found a very good provider to help us set ours up. They charge 1/2 percent per year as an administrative. fee. We hold the accounts in a brokerage in "Custodial" accounts. The plan provider gives us all the plan docs and help us set up the accounts – but he has no access to them I can invest in anything I chose to, that the brokerage allows. Mainly I invest in ETF and some stocks. I honestly think its better to pay taxes now, at these tax rates, than later at who know what rates.
The way Courtney describes it working above is correct. Employer matching contributions are always pre-tax.
I like the idea of being able to pull out the principal without penalty. Any chance the government in thier need for more and more money could make withdrawals taxable in the future? I would also be interested in Roth 401k information as this is what I contribute to at my employer. Thanks for the great info!
I took a class on tax policy last semester for my Masters of Taxation degree and did my research paper on Roth IRA versus Traditional IRA. My research showed that the future taxability of the Roth IRA is uncertain. There could possibly be a tax administration in the future that could tweak the wording of the code so that maybe part of the "tax free" distribution could be taxable in the future.
With that being said and the additional research that I did, I am sticking to traditional IRA and taking the tax deduction now. The future of the code is too uncertain for me to pass up a tax break now for one that may or may not be there in the future.
As you can I don't like to gamble LOL.
The Roth 401(k) has a lot of the same tax treatment of an IRA, plus the benefit of significantly higher contribution limits, but there are two major factors to consider.
1) The crappy investment options your 401(k) might have.
2) The PLAN (not the IRS tax code) may not let you take distributions. This is probably to keep more money under their management.
I would definitely go Roth IRA first, and then any extra after-tax contributions to a Roth 401(k).
I tend to split, for now, pretty evenly between traditional and Roth. In my opinion, despite what Obama might be pushing for in the short-term, I don't necessarily see rates going up. It seems much more likely to me that with all the "tax reform will save our economy" rhetoric coming from the right plus some of the quasi-agreements that have happened, that rates lowering plus removing deductions is most likely, at least in the short-run.
Lastly, remember, in retirement you'll likely have your house paid off and won't be "setting aside" savings anymore. Further, social security is only 0-85% taxable, and payroll taxes (7.65% of your gross income) will no longer be sapping your cash-flow, so your cash-flow in retirement will most likely a decent amount less than during your late working years, and likewise with your tax rate if they stay the same.
@ Dan
One other thing to consider with your existing retirement plan is not only when the investment options suck, but also if there are surrender charges involved.
For example, I recently had a client that left her job and was wanting to roll her retirement account (she had a Simple IRA not a 401k)into a Traditional IRA. She had been working there for almost 7 or 8 years.
Unfortunately, her employer had used one of those big bad insurance companies as their retirement plan provider and she was in some sort of annuity product.
In a nutshell, she had to pay a 6% surrender charge to access all of her money OR wait 6 years before she could get all her money penalty free. That's ridiculous!
If you're starting a job that you're not sure if you'll be there a long time, make sure you check up on this. Even with a nice match (which she didn't have) she probably would have been better doing a traditional (or Roth) IRA instead of paying the penalty.
To add insult to misery, her investments options sucked, too.
Bad news.
I love the ROTH IRA. I didn't know about the ROTH IRA savers credit, but will check it out. Thanks for the tips.
I think for MOST people, putting 2/3 into IRA and 1/3 into a Roth as a "simple rule," and modifying that as they get closer to retirement and have a clearer view of their net worth, cash flows, and tax laws, they'll be in a great spot.
My only hesitation with over-doing the Roth is the realization that when my house is paid off, I'm no longer having to set aside savings every month, my SS is only partially taxable, and my wife and I aren't paying 7.6% of our gross income into FICA & medicare, I'm likely to be in a lower tax bracket based on required cash flows.
2/3rds tax deferred is my rule of thumb as well.
This was really helpful!
Past performance is no guarantee of future results.
If anyone has a Healthcare Savings Account, you know how easily the rules governing tax sensitive accounts can change. It is easy to see the attempts to eliminate these accounts included in the health care reform act.
I have no confidence that the government will be able to keep the promise not to tax earnings on Roth IRA's. I am contributing some retirement funds through a Roth, but most contributions are tax deferred through a 401(k). I know the tax benefit I am receiving today (via 401(k)), but am not certain the tax benefit will exist 35 years from now (via Roth) when I need to use it.
The change to HSA's was trivial. How much did you really spend on OTC stuff? I don't take that as proof that the government is going to change the rules at a whim. Roth accounts are not some government conspiracy to tax us now and then again later.
I suspect the reason Roths were invented was so that the politicians could get tax revenue this year instead of some future year. (Getting it this year means they can spend it and get themselves reelected.)
I agree that the OTC change was trivial.
In physician co-pays, family eye care, prescription copays, orthodontics, etc. I spent several thousand in medical care each year. Since HSA accounts can only be paired with high deductible plans, I paid for medical care almost entirely out of pocket for several years.
My employer changed insurance back to a more traditional PPO plan and offers an FSA. I am no longer sure about HSA accounts, but FSA accounts have a scheduled reduction of the contribution limit from $5000 to $2000 starting in 2013. This is the significant change to which I am referring.
I don't believe that Roth IRAs were invented as part of some great government conspiracy. However, we evidently differ on opinions of the degree of trust which the federal government deserves.
The FSA change may annoy you, however it is not retroactive. Of course the rules may change in the future; they change all the time. The Roth didn't even exist as an option 15 years ago. 25 years ago credit card interest was tax deductible. That's not the same thing as the government not living up to it's promises. I am not saying it can't happen, just that your example doesn't prove it.
I don't trust the government, per se, however I model it as a collection of individuals politicians looking to get reelected. As such I am dubious that Roths will ever be taxed directly or in an obvious, indirect way (e.g. switching to a national sales tax instead of an income tax).
Exactly. All the money you put in there before is still tax free. I can see people phasing out the Roth IRA, but I really don't think the money you've got in there will be subject to different rules later. And they've already taxed your contributions–I really don't think they'll double tax you. EXCEPT by making a national sales tax. And with a national sales tax, you'd pay that regardless of which kind of IRA/401K you were withdrawing your money from.
Also, my experience has been that when rules change for retirees, people who are already retired (or close to being able to retire according to the rules) get grandfathered.
Tax rates were pretty crazy in the 1970s. How did they get that way? I don't know, but I bet it could happen again, especially if health care gets socialized. And it's even worse in lots of other countries.
I"ve been mulling over this, and it seems to me that contributing to a Roth when you are first starting out in your career and in a low tax bracket and then transitioning to 401k when your income increases might get the best balance of both vehicles. I would hate to pay a higher tax rate on some of that Roth money if my tax bracket is higher right now than it would be in retirement.
Hopefully, if you are in a high tax bracket, you are able to max out both the 401k and the Roth IRA. If putting $16,500 in a 401k and $5,000 in a Roth is not something you can do, then you are probably not in a high tax bracket anyway.
For "little known" facts, a lot of these seem to be common knowledge to me. A truly little-known fact that was not mentioned, and applies to both Roth and regular IRAs, is that they can be invested in pretty much ANYTHING. In fact, the laws only list the few things you CAN'T invest in, such as collectible artwork or coins, personal residences, and a few others. However, you can use a Roth IRA to invest in real estate, notes, private equity, or pretty much anything else through a "self-directed" IRA.
Also agree that many of these are pretty widely known. I'd have like to have read more about the Roth IRA as an inheritance vehicle. (See "The Smartest Retirement Book You'll Ever Read" – the author advocates holding on to your Roth as long as possible because of the tax-free RMDs for heirs combined with compound interest)
I agree. A Roth IRA is taxed now but not when you withdraw? STOP THE PRESSES!
One risk associated with Roth IRAs: A national sales tax.
I doubt that the specific tax benefits that Roths get will change (tax free withdrawls), but over the next 20-30 years, it's easy to guess that there's at least a chance that a new tax system will get put into place, where you pay taxes at time of purchase.
In that context, you'd pull out your earnings tax free, then immediately pay taxes on them when you go to actually spend. Effectively ending up with that money getting double taxed (once when put in, once when spent) — meaning that the Roth IRA just turned into a normal "taxable" account.
Moral of the story: diversify your tax risk, just like any other risk.
A national sales tax is not an income tax, but I get your point and agree about tax diversification.
Right – it's not an income tax, but over the time frame of 20-30 years, the bulk of taxes could easily shift away from income tax, into something else like a VAT, or Sales tax, which would hurt the benefits that Roth accounts propose.
So yeah, split savings across different types of tax advantaged accounts.
Question about the income limits for contributing: is this gross income or taxable income (for married filing jointly). This always stumps me when people discuss tax policy (such as "raising taxes on those making more than $250K/year). There's a big difference between what you earn as a salary and taxable income.
Regarding what others have said about the "permanence" of the tax-free withdrawal: I've already paid taxes on the money I contributed to the Roth. I think there would definitely be a challenge if anyone in Congress decided that taxing upon withdrawal was a good idea. Not saying it won't happen, but it seems like that would be an issue for them. This isn't quite like changing the rules for HSA.
It's not gross income or taxable income (AGI), but something weird called 'Modified Adjusted Gross Income' (MAGI). You have to take your AGI and add back certain things.
With regard to Roth contributions, it's "modified adjusted gross income (MAGI)," which is neither gross income nor taxable income.*
In this particular case, MAGI means adjusted gross income (the bottom line of the first page of your 1040), with a few adjustments — adding back any student loan interest deduction, any deduction for a traditional IRA contribution, any tuition and fees deduction, and a few other less common ones.
Follow this link then scroll down a bit for the complete explanation: http://www.irs.gov/publications/p590/ch02.html#en_US_2010_publink1000230988
*In fact, depending on what particular tax topic we're talking about, the definition of "modified adjusted gross income" will change.
I love my Roth IRA and right now, as a grad student, my tax rate is probably the lowest it'll ever be so it's worth investing in a Roth. If we had more money, I'd also invest in the TIAA-CERF accounts open to us, but alas, funds only go so far.
I am disappointed that the government excludes students from getting the saver's credit – that seems to be counterintuitive since students (at least graduate students) need all the extra help they can get and are at the best point in their lives to save!
I do hope the Roth won't be taxed in the future, but I do keep that in the back of my mind! I also plan on diversifying more once more income is made. Don't depend on one place for all your retirement.
Make sure your income is "earned income." My fellowship isn't considered earned income, which is required to be able to contribute to any sort of IRA. An easy way of figuring out if your income is considered "earned" or not is if you pay Social Security taxes — if you do, it's probably earned income. If you don't, it's definitely not and you're not eligible to use that money for an IRA.
If you're married and file jointly with a working spouse, you can contribute to your own Roth IRA. The income requirements are the same.
While true, I don't think many graduate students are married to a working spouse and filing jointly. And many of those who are are married to other students.
I'm not saying that you are wrong about your own personal situation with the fellowship, but I would like to present a situation that seems very similar on the surface but was actually very different, tax-wise.
I received a stipend as a graduate student, and it WAS considered earned income for Roth IRA contribution purposes — I actually asked a financial planner about this, and she told me that the fact that it was reported on a W2 (not some other form) was what made it "earned income." It is not about whether social security payroll taxes are withheld.
There are many people who have earned income but are not required to pay social security taxes. Many graduate students are exempt from social security taxes when they earn money as part of a training program. I actually looked into this because I wanted to understand it, and it seems there is a law called the federal insurance contributions act that determines whether student workers pay social security or not. The gist of it is, if you are required to do work as part of your training program, you don't have to pay social security payroll taxes. For example, I was paid to be a teaching assistant, which was required for my degree (no TA experience = no degree). So, the U. didn't withhold social security taxes during the school year. They made that choice, probably based on federal law. It is actually fascinating, and there have been some recent legal changes w.r.t medical residency as to whether they are exempt from social security. Other groups, like public school teacher employees in CA, don't (normally?) pay social security payroll taxes. Their income is reported on W2 forms (at least the teachers I know) and is certainly considered earned.
So there can be some major tax differences depending on each individual situation, even when the situations look very similar (and a graduate fellowship can be very similar to a research assistantship, as we know). I'm posting all this because I don't want graduate students who read this to automatically assume that they aren't earning income if social security isn't withheld from their paycheck. That is not necessarily true. Your income can still be earned and you still might be able to have a Roth IRA.
I think a better rule of thumb would be that if the money is reported on a W2 as earned wages, it will likely be considered earned income, regardless of whether you are exempt from social security payroll taxes or not. Of course a tax professional could probably explain this much better than I can, but I thought I'd share my different experience with grad school stipend income.
You're right, whether or not you get a W-2 is a better rule of thumb. As for me, I don't get one, and thus none of my fellowship is considered earned income. What's fascinating to me is that at my institution, how graduate students are paid depends on where the funds to pay them come from. If the money comes from the NIH, it's considered earned income (and they have to pay Social Security taxes), but other funding sources don't require this. My fellowship previously came from a private foundation and now from the state of California, but sadly neither one is considered earned income.
Oh, and you're right that there are certain groups (usually public employees of certain states) that don't pay into Social Security, but instead pay into their own pension system. But those groups opted out of Social Security, rather than not being eligible for social security.
Either way, my first rule of thumb was just talking about students. I'm not sure I can think of any "real jobs" that aren't considered earned income.
I would certainly hope the American people would never stand for Roths being taxed in the future, as double taxation is illegal as far as I know.
I love the Roth and look at it not only as a source of retirement funds, but as college savings and emergency fund savings as well (it would have to be a SEVERE emergency for me to touch it though). This will be the first year we haven't maxed out our Roths and I'm a little sad. But being a stay at home mom has been worth it.
There is no law against double taxation. That said, enough voters are aware of Roths that I think any attempt to tax them would be political suicide.
There are lots of types of taxes. I don't think a national sales tax would get the kind of anger (specific to roth) that a "ohh, pay income tax now" decision would. Even though in the end, you're paying taxes on "tax free" money.
I don't think people would fall for it, though. It is possible that there could be enough voters without Roth's at some point in the future, that they could get away with it (vote to take money away from those "rich" people). On the other hand I think that between the allure of the word "free", and poorly considered advice such as the above and Tent Hamm's neverending beating of the Roth drum, many people do have Roths (including many for whom it is inappropriate – including some people commenting on this thread!)
It's also possible that some future government will choose to sieze all IRA balances "for the good of the people." You never know. Investing in anything but nonperishable food and the guns to defend it is always a risk.
I think one issue not raised here is whether you are maxing out your IRA/Roth contributions. If you are, then the same amount in the Roth account is going to provide you more money in retirement.
In a traditional IRA (or 401k) a portion of the money you save actually belongs to Uncle Sam. As has been noted, the government will get its share, including earnings, based on your tax rate when you take it out.
So $5000 in a Roth will yield $5000. $5000 in a IRA will only yield $4250 if your marginal tax rate during retirement is 15%. If you want to achieve the same savings with an IRA, you need to put your tax savings into a regular savings account.
As for taxing withdrawals from a Roth, that will never happen any more than we will tax withdrawals from regular savings accounts. Its more likely some politicians will decide to NOT tax your traditional IRA withdrawals. The VAT or some other form of consumption tax are the most likely way federal taxes would be changed to eliminate the difference between the Roth and traditional IRA.
One other thing to remember. Taking a distribution from your Roth is permanent. You can't repay it. And you can't make contributions in the year you withdraw it. In most cases, you are probably better off borrowing the money you need rather than taking it out of your retirement funds.
@ Ross
Great follow up info. Thanks for providing!
I'm about to go into my company's 403b plan. I've been here a year and my company is contributing 5% if I contribute at least 5%. My brother is a financial planner and he said that there are more investment options with traditional IRAs. I've decided to go with the traditional because I need the tax savings now and I don't make that much. My situation is a little different in that I'm 54 and don't have any retirement savings. I used to but to make a long story short s**t happens.
MAKE SURE you contribute up to the match… it's too good to pass up, regardless of the investment options, or lack thereof.
Your brother wasn't suggesting you ignore the 403b was he? Yes, IRA's have more options, which is good, but a match can't be passed up.
Thanks Dan. Yes I am definately going to contribute %5. Once I get a part-time job I'll be putting in more. My goal is to be able to put in the max for ppl over 50. I may not be able to do it this tax year but def from the next year.
@ Elaine
That actually might be a good thing to pass on the 403b. With the change in 403b regs a few years ago, we've seen a lot of mutual fund providers dropping out and mostly insurance companies with annuity products being the only options. In one such case, a prospect I was talking (who is similar age to you) was duped into one of these and had a 10 year contract period attached to it. Insane!
Make sure to read the fine print.
Thanks for the info Jeff. I work for a university so they only offer 403b. I'll be going with Fidelity.
The savers credit is something I didn't know about, might just qualify for the 10% bracket. The caveat is that my wife is a full time college student, and if we don't file jointly I would probably make too much on my own to qualify as head of household.
That's also interesting what Ross said about not being able to make contributions in the same year you withdraw contributions. I'm still seriously considering moving most of my emergency fund into my Roths this year to max them out though. .99% in an Ally Money Market account is just too much of a joke to leave it there
Roth IRAs may be more valuable in the short term than when you retire. You can use it to save to buy a house and not be penalized for withdrawal.
At $5K per year, you're not going to get very far on a down payment in the "short term" – we're saving about five times that much a year in a taxable account for 20% down in a few years.
What I meant was closer horizon than retirement. In some cases that could be ten years.
This is great info. The ROTH is a great way to diversify current and future taxes along with a traditional 401k.
"If your income falls beneath the threshold for your filing status for the year, you must also make contributions from taxable compensation. This means individuals can not use rental property payments, royalties, or other non-taxable compensation to make contributions to a Roth IRA. "
I am confused by this. I thought you could only contribute to a Roth IRA if you received earned income like wages. Income from pensions, interest, dividends etc did not qualify. I know I can convert some of my 401(k) money when I retire to Roth IRA, but since I will be retired I am no longer earning wages. However, when I retire, I will receive a pension (taxable), Social Security (taxable for me because of my high income) and 401(K) withdrawals, (taxable because they were tax-deferred). Yet I would not be able to still "contribute" to a Roth IRA would I? I know I can "convert" some of the 401(k) but that is different than taking some of my pension income and contributing it to a Roth IRA. I think clarification is needed on what type of income allows you to contribute. Whether it is taxable or not is not the issue, is it? And why are rental property payments not taxable?
Can you contribute the max $ to receive company match to a 401K and also contribute up to the limits for a Traditional IRA and a Roth IRA ($16,500 and $5,000, respectively)? Or is there a maximum you can contribute to any combination of these retirement accounts (ie. Would you have to deduct the amount you contribute to the 401K from the max you can contribute to the traditional IRA)?
You can definitely contribute to both. What will start to affect how much you you either contribute or get a tax deduction for is your income limits.
For example, if you exceed the income threshold (see above), then you won't be able to contribute to the Roth. Keep in mind, however, that by contributing to your 401k, you are actually reducing your taxable income that might make you able to contribute to a Roth IRA. (I was actually able to do this a few years ago).
Regarding Traditional IRA's, you can always contribute the maximum to them BUT…if you are covered by a existing plan, you might not get the full tax deduction for contributing.
With no tax deduction, many don't even bother although the money does still grow tax deferred.
Provided you meet the income requirements, you can contribute $16,500 to a 401(k) and $5,000 to a Roth IRA (or $5,000 to a traditional IRA).
Ah, it's either/or/split on the IRAs and the 401K has it's own limit. That's where I was mistaken. Thanks for clarifying!
My question is what is the best type of investment for ROTH IRA?
ETFs (if yes what kind?)
Dividend Stocks
Individual Stocks
If I can narrow down which type of investment is best then I'd be able to do more research
Decisions about investments in a Roth are the same as any other investment. What is your timeframe for spending the money.
The term "emergency fund" is used in a lot of different ways. Some people see it as sort of like life insurance, used only in the extreme. Others see it more like car insurance, a fund that gets used for "emergencies" like replacing the furnace. And others see it as more like health insurance, used regularly for small emergencies.
There is a built in conflict between the investment strategy for retirement (in 20+ years) and one that is appropriate for an emergency fund of any kind. If your ROTH "emergency fund" is in that last category, then you should probably invest in a money market fund. Its really a cash reserve. But even in the other two categories, you probably want a very conservative mix of investments.
For retirement, your money should always be in low cost index funds.
The one thing that scares me about Roth IRAs is the risk of the government going to a value added or fair tax (either fully or in addition to the income tax). If that happens, my earnings will get taxed twice.
Since I'm only 26 years old…a lot can happen between now and when I retire. Who know what taxes will be in 40 years or how they will be collected.
With a traditional IRA I get my tax benefit now, which can be invested and compounded. The gap between the tax benefit of a Roth and a traditional isn't all that large if you do it right, but it takes out all the risk of tax changes out of your control.
I don't see them adding a VAT and then dropping the income tax. In which case, people with regular IRAs would also be double-taxed (once when they withdraw the money and again when they spend the money).
William Roth??
I always believed it was named after JD Roth!
Great points, I'm always correcting misinformation (especially this point: The Roth IRA can be used for other savings goals) that I hear at work. Ironically, I work at a financial firm, so I'm always shocked to hear such misinformation.
I think it is important to remember that the government is no more likely to act in a way that adversely impacts having a Roth IRA than it is to adversely effect traditional IRA's. For instance, as someone pointed out, a VAT would apply to money spent from those or any other source.
I think hardly anyone under 30 should be saving for retirement unless their employer is matching their money. But a Roth is a way to save money that you may or may not need without tying it up until age 59. If it turns out you never need it, great, you got a head start on your retirement fund.
I am currently unemployed but do not receive unemployment or any other financial assitance, as I am currently being supported by my spouse. I have some money in savings that was already taxed as income when I first earned it in years I was working. Can I contribute to my Roth IRA from my savings this year, even though I didn't earn the money this year?
You can't contribute to a Roth IRA from savings. But your spouse can make a contribution for you, assuming they have enough earned income this year, and you can take the money out of your savings to make the contribution.
How to convert 401k into Roth IRA? Is it worth it?
I recently graduated college and have a small Roth 401k account with my company. My company participate in a ROTH 401k matching program. I believe every 1$ I contribute (aftertax), they contribute $1 (before tax). I was told that it is a great time to convert my 401k into a Roth IRA because 1) i am in the low bracket 2) i wont need to pay as much taxes as my investment is a little under water. Therefore it is a great time to convert.
1) Am I allow to convert if I am still with the same employer or I would have to leave?
1) If i do convert, will this add to my gross income? What portion? I assume the taxable amount (company match)
2) What are the steps to convert needed to convert from my company Roth 401k to IRA Roth?
3) I know there is a 5000$ limit on the amount I can contribute to the Roth IRA, does this include rollover also? What portion will be part of the 5000$ limit? I assume the taxable amount (company match)?
4) This rollover, will this be consider a contribution where I can always take out the money or be consider part of earnings? I assume my portion that I contribute to the Roth 401k will be consider contribution into the account, but how about the company's match? Am I allow to take this out anytimes as this is a contribution from the company?
Please HELP! I am trying to plan for graduate school few years out.
I don't know the answer to all of Allan's questions, but he raises an excellent point that relates to "tax diversity" and age.
Most people are going to move into a higher tax bracket as they get older. That means the tax deferral from a traditional IRA has a larger benefit. On the other hand, when you are in a very low tax bracket the Roth contribution is taxed at that lower rate.
So if you are looking to have "tax diversity" in your retirement funds, putting money into a Roth when you are younger and in a lower tax bracket makes sense. As you get older, you can add money to your tax deferred accounts to create tax diversity. Tax diversity has no practical consequences until after you retire and start taking money out. It doesn't really matter when you contributed the money.
Every one pays tax.Well there are some exceptions to that.I am not in numbers but i know how to handle money wisely.Almost all of the people in United States have credit cards.Just a couple years ago, credit cards were the weapon of choice for most American customers. The Good Recession of 2008 changed all that. The use and balances of credit cards by American customers has fallen drastically in the last three years. And while that may be smart and responsible from the standpoint of personal finances, the good sense of these consumers does have a negative effect on a shaky economy that runs on credit. That is a practical policy from the perspective of finances. But in the large picture, it might well hurt the economy. Source of article: Economic growth depends on spending and paying bills on time Everyone must responsible in terms of spending their money.Only buy the things that you need and not the things you want becuas if you but the things you want you can find yourself spending too much.And buy only the things that you're sure that you can pay easily.And it is also practical to invest on something that you will benefit a lot for a long time.
Question on Roth IRA's.
Can it be used to buy stock in a Private Company.
My friend is launching a new venture and has offered to sell me 1,000 share of stock in it for $1,000.
Can I put some of my Roth IRA money into it and how do I hold the stock if allowed by the Roth IRA plan.
You need what is called a "self directed IRA," but it should be possible. This is a specific enough question that you should probably consult an accountant.
So if I have $20k saved up in a 401k, and I'm going to grad school for two years, is there any problem rolling the 401k over to a Roth IRA while I'm in school making very little?


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Work and sun in Boston
Trip Start Mar 16, 2011
70Trip End Mar 16, 2012
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Where I stayed
Staying at a cool, ex-jail, it was a great place to be centred for runs in the morning and heading out in the evening.
Elliot was super cute in Harvard square and in general. And it was Rogers first time he met his nephew!!


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From Proteopedia
|1zw6, resolution 1.50Å ()
|, ,
|Non-Standard Residues:
|HRAS, HRAS1 (Homo sapiens)
|5p21, 1lf0, 1zvq
|FirstGlance, OCA, RCSB, PDBsum
|save as pdb, mmCIF, xml
Crystal Structure of the GTP-bound form of RasQ61G
The flexibility of the conserved 57DTAGQ61 motif is essential for Ras proper cycling in response to growth factors. Here, we increase the flexibility of the 57DTAGQ61 motif by mutating Gln61 to Gly. The crystal structure of the RasQ61G mutant reveals a new conformation of switch 2 that bears remarkable structural homology to an intermediate for GTP hydrolysis revealed by targeted molecular dynamics simulations. The mutation increased retention of GTP and inhibited Ras binding to the catalytic site, but not to the distal site of Sos. Most importantly, the thermodynamics of RafRBD binding to Ras are altered even though the structure of switch 1 is not affected by the mutation. Our results suggest that interplay and transmission of structural information between the switch regions are important factors for Ras function. They propose that initiation of GTP hydrolysis sets off the separation of the Ras/effector complex even before the GDP conformation is reached.
Structure of a transient intermediate for GTP hydrolysis by ras., Ford B, Hornak V, Kleinman H, Nassar N, Structure. 2006 Mar;14(3):427-36. PMID:16531227
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.
[RASH_HUMAN] Defects in HRAS are the cause of faciocutaneoskeletal syndrome (FCSS) [MIM:218040]. A rare condition characterized by prenatally increased growth, postnatal growth deficiency, mental retardation, distinctive facial appearance, cardiovascular abnormalities (typically pulmonic stenosis, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and/or atrial tachycardia), tumor predisposition, skin and musculoskeletal abnormalities.[1][2][3][4][5][6][7] Defects in HRAS are the cause of congenital myopathy with excess of muscle spindles (CMEMS) [MIM:218040]. CMEMS is a variant of Costello syndrome.[8] Defects in HRAS may be a cause of susceptibility to Hurthle cell thyroid carcinoma (HCTC) [MIM:607464]. Hurthle cell thyroid carcinoma accounts for approximately 3% of all thyroid cancers. Although they are classified as variants of follicular neoplasms, they are more often multifocal and somewhat more aggressive and are less likely to take up iodine than are other follicular neoplasms. Note=Mutations which change positions 12, 13 or 61 activate the potential of HRAS to transform cultured cells and are implicated in a variety of human tumors. Defects in HRAS are a cause of susceptibility to bladder cancer (BLC) [MIM:109800]. A malignancy originating in tissues of the urinary bladder. It often presents with multiple tumors appearing at different times and at different sites in the bladder. Most bladder cancers are transitional cell carcinomas. They begin in cells that normally make up the inner lining of the bladder. Other types of bladder cancer include squamous cell carcinoma (cancer that begins in thin, flat cells) and adenocarcinoma (cancer that begins in cells that make and release mucus and other fluids). Bladder cancer is a complex disorder with both genetic and environmental influences. Note=Defects in HRAS are the cause of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).[9] Defects in HRAS are the cause of Schimmelpenning-Feuerstein-Mims syndrome (SFM) [MIM:163200]. A disease characterized by sebaceous nevi, often on the face, associated with variable ipsilateral abnormalities of the central nervous system, ocular anomalies, and skeletal defects. Many oral manifestations have been reported, not only including hypoplastic and malformed teeth, and mucosal papillomatosis, but also ankyloglossia, hemihyperplastic tongue, intraoral nevus, giant cell granuloma, ameloblastoma, bone cysts, follicular cysts, oligodontia, and odontodysplasia. Sebaceous nevi follow the lines of Blaschko and these can continue as linear intraoral lesions, as in mucosal papillomatosis.[10]
[RASH_HUMAN] Ras proteins bind GDP/GTP and possess intrinsic GTPase activity.[11][12][13]
About this Structure
1zw6 is a 1 chain structure with sequence from Homo sapiens. Full crystallographic information is available from OCA.
See Also
- Ford B, Hornak V, Kleinman H, Nassar N. Structure of a transient intermediate for GTP hydrolysis by ras. Structure. 2006 Mar;14(3):427-36. PMID:16531227 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.str.2005.12.010
- Hall BE, Bar-Sagi D, Nassar N. The structural basis for the transition from Ras-GTP to Ras-GDP. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2002 Sep 17;99(19):12138-42. Epub 2002 Sep 4. PMID:12213964 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.192453199
- ↑ Aoki Y, Niihori T, Kawame H, Kurosawa K, Ohashi H, Tanaka Y, Filocamo M, Kato K, Suzuki Y, Kure S, Matsubara Y. Germline mutations in HRAS proto-oncogene cause Costello syndrome. Nat Genet. 2005 Oct;37(10):1038-40. Epub 2005 Sep 18. PMID:16170316 doi:ng1641
- ↑ Gripp KW, Lin AE, Stabley DL, Nicholson L, Scott CI Jr, Doyle D, Aoki Y, Matsubara Y, Zackai EH, Lapunzina P, Gonzalez-Meneses A, Holbrook J, Agresta CA, Gonzalez IL, Sol-Church K. HRAS mutation analysis in Costello syndrome: genotype and phenotype correlation. Am J Med Genet A. 2006 Jan 1;140(1):1-7. PMID:16329078 doi:10.1002/ajmg.a.31047
- ↑ Kerr B, Delrue MA, Sigaudy S, Perveen R, Marche M, Burgelin I, Stef M, Tang B, Eden OB, O'Sullivan J, De Sandre-Giovannoli A, Reardon W, Brewer C, Bennett C, Quarell O, M'Cann E, Donnai D, Stewart F, Hennekam R, Cave H, Verloes A, Philip N, Lacombe D, Levy N, Arveiler B, Black G. Genotype-phenotype correlation in Costello syndrome: HRAS mutation analysis in 43 cases. J Med Genet. 2006 May;43(5):401-5. Epub 2006 Jan 27. PMID:16443854 doi:jmg.2005.040352
- ↑ Zampino G, Pantaleoni F, Carta C, Cobellis G, Vasta I, Neri C, Pogna EA, De Feo E, Delogu A, Sarkozy A, Atzeri F, Selicorni A, Rauen KA, Cytrynbaum CS, Weksberg R, Dallapiccola B, Ballabio A, Gelb BD, Neri G, Tartaglia M. Diversity, parental germline origin, and phenotypic spectrum of de novo HRAS missense changes in Costello syndrome. Hum Mutat. 2007 Mar;28(3):265-72. PMID:17054105 doi:10.1002/humu.20431
- ↑ Gripp KW, Innes AM, Axelrad ME, Gillan TL, Parboosingh JS, Davies C, Leonard NJ, Lapointe M, Doyle D, Catalano S, Nicholson L, Stabley DL, Sol-Church K. Costello syndrome associated with novel germline HRAS mutations: an attenuated phenotype? Am J Med Genet A. 2008 Mar 15;146A(6):683-90. PMID:18247425 doi:10.1002/ajmg.a.32227
- ↑ Lo IF, Brewer C, Shannon N, Shorto J, Tang B, Black G, Soo MT, Ng DK, Lam ST, Kerr B. Severe neonatal manifestations of Costello syndrome. J Med Genet. 2008 Mar;45(3):167-71. Epub 2007 Nov 26. PMID:18039947 doi:10.1136/jmg.2007.054411
- ↑ Gremer L, De Luca A, Merbitz-Zahradnik T, Dallapiccola B, Morlot S, Tartaglia M, Kutsche K, Ahmadian MR, Rosenberger G. Duplication of Glu37 in the switch I region of HRAS impairs effector/GAP binding and underlies Costello syndrome by promoting enhanced growth factor-dependent MAPK and AKT activation. Hum Mol Genet. 2010 Mar 1;19(5):790-802. doi: 10.1093/hmg/ddp548. Epub 2009 Dec, 8. PMID:19995790 doi:10.1093/hmg/ddp548
- ↑ van der Burgt I, Kupsky W, Stassou S, Nadroo A, Barroso C, Diem A, Kratz CP, Dvorsky R, Ahmadian MR, Zenker M. Myopathy caused by HRAS germline mutations: implications for disturbed myogenic differentiation in the presence of constitutive HRas activation. J Med Genet. 2007 Jul;44(7):459-62. Epub 2007 Apr 5. PMID:17412879 doi:jmg.2007.049270
- ↑ Sakai E, Rikimaru K, Ueda M, Matsumoto Y, Ishii N, Enomoto S, Yamamoto H, Tsuchida N. The p53 tumor-suppressor gene and ras oncogene mutations in oral squamous-cell carcinoma. Int J Cancer. 1992 Dec 2;52(6):867-72. PMID:1459726
- ↑ Groesser L, Herschberger E, Ruetten A, Ruivenkamp C, Lopriore E, Zutt M, Langmann T, Singer S, Klingseisen L, Schneider-Brachert W, Toll A, Real FX, Landthaler M, Hafner C. Postzygotic HRAS and KRAS mutations cause nevus sebaceous and Schimmelpenning syndrome. Nat Genet. 2012 Jun 10;44(7):783-7. doi: 10.1038/ng.2316. PMID:22683711 doi:10.1038/ng.2316
- ↑ Guil S, de La Iglesia N, Fernandez-Larrea J, Cifuentes D, Ferrer JC, Guinovart JJ, Bach-Elias M. Alternative splicing of the human proto-oncogene c-H-ras renders a new Ras family protein that trafficks to cytoplasm and nucleus. Cancer Res. 2003 Sep 1;63(17):5178-87. PMID:14500341
- ↑ Lander HM, Hajjar DP, Hempstead BL, Mirza UA, Chait BT, Campbell S, Quilliam LA. A molecular redox switch on p21(ras). Structural basis for the nitric oxide-p21(ras) interaction. J Biol Chem. 1997 Feb 14;272(7):4323-6. PMID:9020151
- ↑ Williams JG, Pappu K, Campbell SL. Structural and biochemical studies of p21Ras S-nitrosylation and nitric oxide-mediated guanine nucleotide exchange. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2003 May 27;100(11):6376-81. Epub 2003 May 9. PMID:12740440 doi:10.1073/pnas.1037299100
Proteopedia Page Contributors and Editors (what is this?)
Categories: Homo sapiens | Ford, B. | Hornak, V. | Kleinman, H. | Nassar, N. | G-protein | Gtp | Gtpase | Oncoprotein | Ra


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Twenty yoo ✌
I love this movie simply because it's a good mix of Cher, Winnona Rider and young Christina Richie.
tagged as: Mermaids. Movies. Cher. Winnona Rider. Christina Richie.
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ASSIST Community Services Centre
(formerly Edmonton Chinese Community Services Centre)
In 2002, we celebrated 25 years of service to the community. You too, can make a difference in your community. We invite you to help by contributing towards our next 25 years of service. Please make a contribution. Your donation is tax deductible and greatly appreciated.
* Tax receipts will be issued for $10 and over.
Please make your cheque payable to: