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- Antique Jewelry
- The Ages
- Engagement Rings
- Antique Rings
- Diamond Jewelry
- So Much More
Victorian Charm: Dangling Heart Ring
Delicate and quite feminine, this late Victorian antique ring is set with a pair of natural half pearls that flank a cabochon of natural turquoise. The luminosity of the creamy pearls and the blue of the turquoise are further enhanced by the warmth of the 15k yellow gold heart shaped charm. The bamboo-like gold setting has been fabricated into the configuration of a double infinity knot motif connected to open shoulders that conclude with a smooth band.
A delightful ring for a young woman or a petite hand.
Measurements: ¼ of an inch (0.6 cm) in width. Charm dangles ¼ of an inch (0.6 cm). Weight of 2.5 grams (1.61 dwt).
Condition: Very good; faint evidence of old resizing.
Ring Size: US 4-3/4 (British I-½; Euro 15.50, 49 mm) and can be easily sized. Ring sizing information.
Date: Circa 1870.
Forms of Payment
- VISA and MasterCard, Discover and American Express credit & debit cards.
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Other Forms of Payment
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Layaway information and for full details see Payment Methods.
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FREE for All U.S. Orders - Standard 2 Day Shipping.
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Full details at Shipping & Insurance.
Complete Money Back No-Risk Guarantee
Our Guarantee
If for any reason whatsoever you are not completely satisfied with your purchase, we will refund the FULL purchase price including U.S. shipping if charged. Remember, there is no charge for our regular shipping service!
International Orders - Due to customs and paperwork requirements, return shipping charges cannot be reimbursed.
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- Notify us of your intention to return the item within three (3) days of receipt. You may contact us by email or by telephone.
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More details at Full Guarantee including gift giving options.


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Restore Total Body Foam Roller 36"
Relieve muscular tightness and improve spinal alignment
Treat your muscles to a deep massage with our Restore Total Body Foam Roller. The gentle massaging and stretching releases built-up tension, loosens stiffness, and aligns the skeletal system. Get the most from your Total Body Foam Roller with the included Muscle Massage Routine featuring famed fitness instructor James D'Silva. The simple, restorative routine helps expand range of motion, relax muscles, release tension, and restore soft tissue. Made in the USA.
Restore Total Body Foam Roller Features:
- Relieves stress and muscle tightness
- Increases circulation
- Improves spinal alignment
- Includes 25-minute workout featuring James D'Silva
- Made exclusively by Gaiam
Foam Roller:
36"L x 5.75"D
6P Free: Free of DEHP, DBP, BBP, DINP, DIDP, and DNOP phthalates
Muscle Massage Routine DVD:
Total run time: 25 minutes
Restore Strength & Agility
Our Restore Line is designed for recovery, pain relief and releasing tension. These products are small and portable so that they can easily be brought to the gym, office or even on-the-go!
Product Q&A
Ask your questions. Share your answers.
6P Free: These products contain less than 0.1% (1,000 parts per million) of the Phthalates DEHP, DBP, BBP, DINP, DIDP, and DNOP. Products with the suffix NP or EP are 6P free products. Our Polyfoam does not contain any harmful chemicals banned under California Prop 65. The color is a dye in the foam that does not contain any harmful chemicals.

subset: commoncrawl


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Injured Indiana Pacers forward Paul George said Friday he is not done playing for the USA Basketball Men's National Team.
Appearing publicly for the first time since breaking his right leg in the USA Basketball Showcase on Aug. 1 in Las Vegas, George said he still wants to play in the Rio de Janeiro 2016 Olympic Games.
"Absolutely. It's in Brazil," George said. "I look forward to a comeback. I look forward to have an opportunity again to participate in Team USA in 2016. This injury has nothing to do with my take on playing for my country at all."
George, who is on crutches and may begin light rehabilitation as early as next week, is expected to miss all of the 2014-15 NBA season. If his healing process goes quicker than expected, he might still play for the defending Central Division champion Pacers by the end of the season.
"I would love to come back and play this year. I'm a competitor," George said. "I understand there's a possibility I won't be back this year. I'm very aware of that. But if I have the opportunity to make a comeback, I'm looking forward to it."
A national debate surfaced after his injury as to whether NBA players should participate with USA Basketball because of the safety risk. George called the criticism of the national team "unfair."
"It was a freak accident. It was just a freak accident," George said. "No one's really been injured the whole time ... since USA Basketball has been here. They've never seen someone take a huge injury. I think it just happened. Freak accidents happen.
"They don't deserve any criticism for this. I would love to be a part of USA Basketball in 2016."
Players on Team USA will wear a patch on their practice shooting jerseys in honor of George. They are not permitted to wear a patch on their game uniforms during the upcoming FIBA World Cup, per FIBA regulations.
The United States will play Brazil in an exhibition game Saturday night at the United Center in Chicago. George said he will stay home in Indianapolis and watch the game on TV.


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|Young Family Story Time
Event Type: Young Family Story Time
Date: No Dates Found!
Start Time: 10:00 AM
End Time: 10:30 AM
Registration required. Call 352-3383 to register. Children 18 months through 5 years attend with a caregiver. Stories, songs, fingerplays, & crafts. Interact with your child to help develop a life-long love of reading.
Location: Main Story Room
Presenter: Kathy Cornachione


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Frazier Park Carpet/Vinyl/Laminate/Hardwood/Tile/FlooringBrowsing New Jersey » Ocean County » Frazier Park » Carpet/Vinyl/Laminate/Hardwood/Tile/Flooring
Are you looking for the perfect Jersey Shore Flooring Business and/or Showroom? How about Carpet, Vinyl, Laminate, Hardwood, Tile or Flooring? How about Sales Showrooms, Installation or Cleaning & Supplies? Well look no further as New Jersey Shore Guide lists the best Carpet and Flooring Businesses at the New Jersey Shore!


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A single-light brass torchiere sconce, cast in the cire perdu method and meticulously hand chased. Features crisp fluted and ribbed details on the tapered column, candle cup and backplate.
This sconce is finished in a discontinued Remains Lighting finish (Antique Nickel).
Antique Nickel
overall: 27cm h. x 11cm w. x 10cm d.
backplate: 18cm h. x 11cm w.
Please contact your local showroom about viewing this item.
All Sample Sale items are sold AS IS. No Refunds or Exchanges permitted.


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Support Team Eye And Ear
Thanks to our eight-year partnership with John Hancock Financial Services, the lead sponsor of the Boston Marathon, Team Eye and Ear, Mass. Eye and Ear's marathon team that participates in the Boston Marathon, has now raised more than $2.1 million to benefit patient care and research at Mass Eye and Ear. In 2014, the 102 members of Team Eye and Ear aim to raise more than $750,000. Help them achieve their goal by making a gift today.
Make a gift in support of Team Eye and Ear
You can either make a gift towards the entire team's fundraising goal or an individual team member.
- Easily give online using your credit card at www.crowdrise.com/TeamEyeAndEar. If you would like to make a gift towards the entire team, please click on the yellow "Donate" button on the right-hand side of this page. You may select to designate your gift to an individual team member or the team as a whole. Please select "Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary" in the "Team Member" selection box to give a donation to the team as a whole. If you would like to make a gift for a specific Team Eye and Ear member, please find their page under the "Team" tab.
- Give by credit card by calling Robyn Gibson at Mass. Eye and Ear at 617-398-2950.
- Mail a check payable to "Foundation of Mass. Eye and Ear, Inc." with "Team Eye and Ear" and the team member whose fundraising goal you wish to donate to (if applicable) written in the 'memo' line to the following address:
Team Eye and Ear
Development Office
Mass. Eye and Ear
243 Charles Street
Boston, MA 02114
Become a Corporate Supporter
The Boston Marathon ® is the world's oldest and most prestigious marathon. Each year more than 500,000 spectators line the marathon route, making it New England's most widely viewed sporting event. In terms of on-site media coverage, the Boston Marathon® ranks behind only the Super Bowl as the largest single-day sporting event covered in the world. More than 1,100 media members, representing more than 250 outlets, receive credentials annually.
This April, the 100 members of Team Eye and Ear will join more than 36,000 runners as they embark on the 26.2 mile run of a lifetime. Support Team Eye and Ear and get your company recognized. Our multi-platform corporate support opportunities are customizable to provide visibility and sampling throughout the training program, via online and social media messaging, signage and event presence.
Find out about our corporate supporter opportunities and levels here.
Donate In-Kind
In-kind gifts, big and small, help reduce the cost of our marathon program so that even more funds may be directed to research and patient care at Mass. Eye and Ear. In-kind donations could be used as fundraising incentives, during team gatherings, and as team apparel include:
- Running singlets, jackets, sneakers, and hats.
- T-shirt screen printing
- Energy bars, GU, jelly beans
- Bottled water, Gatorade, etc.
- Signage/banner printing
- Hotel stay of one to two nights
- Restaurant, spa and other gift certificates
- Signed Boston sports team gear
- Tickets to games, shows, theater and other events
- Electronics such as iPods, iPads, GPS watches, etc.
- Food for team gatherings
Please contact Kristina Sym at 617-573-6364 or email@example.com if you are interested in being an in-kind supporter.


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Prep Signing: East Rowan safety Bost going to Catawba
By Ronnie Gallagher
GRANITE QUARRY — Before the 2012 season began, Dalton Bost wasn't thinking too much about playing college football.
Then, Danny Misenheimer became East Rowan's head coach and Jason Barnes became East Rowan's defensive coordinator.
Now, the Mustang safety will be a Catawba Indian in the fall.
Hardly. Bost, like all the other seniors, was convinced he could win, he could go to the playoffs and he could improve enough to become a college football player.
"We worked to do it," said Bost of East's 8-5 season, which didn't end until one game before the Western Final. "We were not going to be that senior class that had a losing record."
And it took guys like Bost to believe first, then make their teammates do likewise. He first had to learn Barnes' system, and while he stayed a safety, suddenly he was what Barnes calls, "a high safety," back there by himself.
"Bost is a smart, smart guy," Barnes praised. "You've got to have that for a safety. He's kinda a quarterback on defense."
Bost said Barnes ran man coverage, zone and many other sets. He had Bost watching film and lifting weights like never before. He felt prepared when the season began.
"I drop where the receivers are going, watch the read of the quarterback and go from there," Bost said. "Basically, instinct."
Barnes gives him a grade of A on the instinct part.
"You've got to have a lot of patience back there or they'll pick you apart," he said. "Bost did a really good job."
Bost intercepted four passes.
His first of the season came in the groundbreaking win over NPC heavyweight West Rowan.
Bost intercepted a pass against South Rowan and then came his most memorable: a pick-6 in a playoff win against Carson.
"It was right before halftime and it was a close game," Bost recalled.
He stepped in front of a receiver and was off to the races for his first-ever defensive TD.
"I was thinking, 'Just run faster than the people chasing you,' " Bost grinned. "It was crazy. Everybody was yelling. It was awesome."
His last interception came in a controversial 21-20 overtime loss to Concord. It was a tipped pass to Alex Asbury.
Unfortunately, Asbury caught the winning score at the back of the end zone. Bost was standing right there. Was Asbury in?
"No," Bost said firmly. "The paper had a picture of me yelling at the ref. I told him, 'C'mon, you blew it for us.' We should have made it further."
East didn't, but the agile, speedy Bost will. Barnes thinks he can make an impact at Catawba before he leaves.
"In Division II, everybody was a superstar of their high school," Barnes said. "He'll find out there will be a lot of guys like him, if not better. I think he'll step up to the challenge. He'll get bigger, faster and stronger."
The 5-foot-11, 185-pound Bost likes everything about his decision. He was going to walk on at Charlotte but when fellow DB Dalton Moose signed, so did he.
"I grew up around Catawba and my parents wanted me to go there," Bost said, adding that former East coach Brian Hinson is on the staff and he loves that.
"Bost already has a good understanding of the game," Barnes said. "It will be just how much he grasps playing at that level."
Bost knows his plan.
"I'll just work harder than everybody else," he said.
That's the same plan he used as an East Rowan senior.
Bost now hopes the same formula works for him at Catawba.


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A Must-have Tool for the Bowhunter
The new and improved broadhead sharpener from DMT features two 4.33" diamond stones mounted on an easy to use, adjustable tilting stand. The unique design adjusts to accommodate multiple broadhead blades. Adjust to the proper angle and lightly glide the broadhead over the diamond surfaces to sharpen. Available in Fine (25 micron/600 mesh) and Extra-fine (9 micron/1200 mesh) grits. No messy oils needed to sharpen, you can sharpen dry or with water. Durable construction will provide years of consistent performance and reliable service.
Made in the USA by Diamond Machining Technology (DMT).
This video shows a video demonstration of the Fine DMT Dia-Stike. It shows how the tool can be adjusted to fit most broadheads.


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Item: 145541277 |
Model: 26PFL4507/F7
( reviews)
Estimated Delivery: 3-5 Business Days
This Philips 720p 60Hz widescreen HDTV features Digital Crystal Clear technology to bring movies, sports, games and more to you in stunning clarity with optimal contrast, color and sharpness levels. The 26" LCD display with LED edge lighting is combined with a 1,000:1 contrast ratio for stunning image quality with an eye-catching minimalistic design, as well as a low power consumption. You'll enjoy high brightness, incredible contrast and sharpness and vibrant color. Personalize settings with the assistant personalization wizard guides that make it easy to adjust the picture, sound and ambient light settings. Dolby Digital and SRS TruSurround XT create an immersive, feature-rich surround sound experience from 2 built-in 8W speakers. Enjoy seamlessly connecting HDMI-compatible devices including a Blu-ray Disc player, game console and a digital camcorder via the 3 HDMI inputs and Easylink. The 60Hz refresh rate and 8ms response time ensure clear video with little imperfections. Share your memories with family and friends on this HDTV via the USB multimedia playback. Simply plug the USB-compatible devices into the side of the TV and you'll enjoy accessing JPEG photos and movies using the easy onscreen content browser. You can also use your TV as a PC monitor with the PC input.Product Features:
BJs.com uses several different shipping methods to best serve our Members. More than one shipping method is available for certain items. Please be aware that not all shipping methods are available for all items.* By clicking on the "Change" button in the "Shipping Methods" section of the "Final Order Review" page, you will be able to see a list of available shipping options. If a certain shipping method is not displayed, we regret that it is not available for that item.
* Shipping information is always approximate and may be based on information given to us by manufacturers and vendors.
Orders placed via these shipping options are not guaranteed to be delivered within a certain time frame. Standard Ground is generally the least expensive option.
Standard Ground: Standard Ground includes delivery via U.S. Priority Mail®, United States Postal Service®, UPS® Ground and FedEx® Ground.
Expedited Ground: Items upgraded to Expedited Ground will ship via UPS®, FedEx® Ground or a similar carrier. Expedited Ground is not available for all items.
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BJ's selects the highest quality Merchandise for our Members and stands behind the products we sell. If you are not completely satisfied with your purchase, you are entitled to a refund or exchange. If you wish to return an item, you may bring it to any BJ's Club location or follow the instructions below. Click here for more information on bulk sales. The only exceptions are those noted below. While most items are returnable, they are subject to the following guidelines:
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Return Shipping Costs
If you refuse your delivery without inspection, miss your delivery appointment(s) or return a non-defective or undamaged product, you will incur original shipping charges along with actual return shipping fees.


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Back in the days before modern feminism, a young woman looking for work might typically be advised, politely, to "learn a trade," with the implication that she wasn't bound for college or an elite career, but a humbler job as, say, a secretary or seamstress. Such a phrase might sound condescending today. Yet working in a trade might still be sound career goal for a woman, if she gets the right kind of job—in a union.
Mark Pocan has spent the last 13 years in the Wisconsin State Assembly representing one of the strongest progressive districts in the state. Yet his political roots took hold in blue-collar Kenosha, Wisconsin where he got his start at age eight delivering campaign literature door-to-door for his father, a long-time city alderman.
Pocan learned about ALEC in the only way he could — he joined — making him one of its few Democratic members. Once inside he saw firsthand how it operates and then, much to the organization's displeasure, he let us in on its goals and strategies.
CHARLOTTE, N.C. -- Wisconsin state Rep. Mark Pocan has been to several Democratic Party national conventions, but none as important for him as this one. Pocan is poised to succeed U.S. Rep. Tammy Baldwin, who is giving up her seat to run for the Senate. Although he faces Republican challenger Chad Lee in the fall election, an upset is highly unlikely -- Lee is vastly underfunded in the overwhelmingly liberal district.
State Rep. Mark Pocan has, since his election to the state Legislature in 1998, been a leader in the fight to educate and engage citizens with the struggle over the failed "free trade" consensus. While trade agreements are negotiated -- usually in secret -- by presidential administrations and voted on by Congress, there are highly significant consequences for states.
On Friday, September 12th more than 150 activists will go to DC and Demand that their Senators and Representatives support removing the ratification deadline from the ERA (SJ Res 15 and HJ Res 113)
WI-2 Mark Pocanwww.pocanforcongress.com/


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- $4.99 3-Day Shipping. Any Size Order -
Main Content
You know America is gonna walk home with the 2012 Ryder Cup in September – it's clear we have the best players in the world. Make sure to stay comfortable and leave a lasting impression on everyone during this epic event by sporting this lightweight Legend sweatshirt from Weatherproof. This super comfy sweatshirt features a 2012 Ryder Cup logo embroidered on the left chest, a V-neck collar and an ultra-lightweight construction to allow durability and flexibility. This is the perfect sweatshirt for those chilly days, giving you the ultimate comfort as you watch the US of A dominate the championship!
- 100% Cotton fabric
- Imported
- Officially licensed 2012 Ryder Cup pullover sweatshirt
- Quality embroidery
- Rib-knit collar, cuffs & waist
- V-neck
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Special event items are produced by manufacturers only after the outcome of a game or event. These are advanced sale items and will ship immediately after they are received in our warehouse.
Manufacturer direct items are shipped directly from the manufacturer. These items are not available for international or expedited shipping.
Customized items can be personalized with options such as your name, your favorite number, and/or designs. Some options may be limited by league rules.


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Air Quality Division
Yuma Natural Events Action Plan Implementation Report
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TABLE OF CONTENTS YUMA NATURAL EVENTS ACTION PLAN IMPLEMENTATION REPORT I. II. III. Background.................................................................................... Principles and Requirements of a Natural Events Action Plan......................... Implementation of the Yuma Natural Events Action Plan.............................. A. Yuma Natural Events Action Plan................................................ B. Commitments........................................................................ Future Natural and Exceptional Events.................................................... Next Steps.....................................................................................
List of Attachments Attachment A Attachment B Attachment C Attachment D Attachment E Attachment F Attachment G Attachment H Attachment I Yuma Agricultural Best Management Practices Rule 20% Opacity Standard Rule Yuma Media Contact List Outreach and Notification Resources List Sample Dust Control Action Forecast City of Yuma Project Information Sign Ordinance City of Somerton Project Information Sign Ordinance Yuma County Project Information Sign Ordinance Yuma Area Public Information Pamphlet
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Background The Yuma area was designated as a moderate PM10 nonattainment area under the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments. The area violated the 24-hour PM10 National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS)1 in 1990 and 1991, and had previously violated the annual NAAQS2 in 1989 and 1990. Yuma's nonattainment designation required Arizona Department of Environmental Quality (ADEQ) to complete a state implementation plan (SIP) for the Yuma Moderate PM10 Nonattainment Area in 1991. The plan demonstrated attainment of the 24-hour and annual NAAQS through reasonable available control measures (RACM). EPA found the plan to be incomplete. In 1994, ADEQ identified additional RACM being implemented in the Yuma area and updated the plan. Based on these additional control measures, the revised plan demonstrated attainment of the PM10 NAAQS by even a greater margin. ADEQ adopted the 1994 revision and sent it to EPA. EPA has yet to approve the SIP for the Yuma area. As a result of several years of "clean data," ADEQ began developing a maintenance plan and redesignation request for the Yuma area in 2001, believing that the improvements of the local air quality were permanent and enforceable. ADEQ identified the various stakeholders in the Yuma area; these stakeholders included the local jurisdictions, the Yuma Metropolitan Planning Organization, the agricultural community, federal agencies, two Native American tribes, the Yuma County Water Users' Association and irrigation districts, and the Arizona Department of Transportation. ADEQ began working with the stakeholders in July 2001 in developing the maintenance plan and redesignation request, and continued to do so until a violation of the 24-hour NAAQS occurred in Yuma on August 18, 2002. As a result of this violation, the development of the maintenance plan was postponed. The August 18, 2002, violation was caused by large thunderstorms that developed over western Chihuahua and eastern Sonora, Mexico. These storms combined to form a storm system that moved towards the northwest. By evening the thunderstorm had moved to the northwest through Yuma, producing sustained winds in excess of 25 miles per hour3 with gusts up to 45 miles per hour. Due to the high winds, elevated concentrations of PM10 were experienced in Yuma. The 24-hour average concentration of PM10 on August 18 was 170 ug/m3. The 24-hour average NAAQS is 150 ug/m3 or lower.
The 24-hour average PM10 standard is 150 ug/m3. Concentrations at or below this amount are not a violation of the 24-hour standard. The 24-hour average PM10 monitored values for the Yuma area were 270 ug/m3 in 1990 and 229 and 188 ug/m3 in 1991. The annual average standard is 50 ug/m3. Concentrations at or below this amount are not a violation of the annual standard. The annual average PM10 monitored values for the Yuma area were 52 ug/m3 in 1989 and 57 ug/m3 in 1990.
3 2
Wind speeds of 15 miles per hour are sufficient to suspend surface soil into the air.
High wind events are a type of natural event covered by EPA's Natural Events Policy (NEP). ADEQ began working with Yuma area stakeholders in 2002 to develop the National Events Action Plan (NEAP) for Yuma and submit the document to EPA by February 18, 2004. ADEQ submitted the Yuma NEAP to EPA on February 17, 2004. A report on the implementation of the February 17th NEAP was then due to EPA by February 18, 2005. This report is the confirmation of the implementation of that NEAP. II. Principles and Requirements of a NEP and NEAP A. EPA Natural Events Policy Prior to the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments (CAAA), the Guideline on the Identification and Use of Air Quality Data Affected by Exceptional Events and Appendix K to 40 CFR, Part 50, were issued by EPA to address, in part, the situation where natural sources strongly affected an area's air quality. EPA stated that it did not want to impose State Implementation Plan (SIP) requirements on such areas. Consequently, EPA provided for the exclusion of certain natural source data4 from nonattainment determinations. On May 30, 1996, EPA issued the NEP in a memorandum from Mary D. Nichols, Assistant Administrator for Air and Radiation. This memorandum announced EPA's new policy for protecting public health in all areas where the PM10 standard is violated due to natural events. Under this policy, EPA stated that, under certain circumstances, it is appropriate to exclude PM10 air quality data that are attributable to uncontrollable natural events from the decisions regarding an area's nonattainment status. EPA's NEP sets forth the requirements for high PM10 concentrations caused by natural events. Under this policy, three categories of natural events are identified as affecting PM10 levels: 1) volcanic and seismic activity; 2) wildland fires; and 3) high wind events such as the one that has precipitated this NEAP. The NEP defines high wind events as follows: "High Winds: Ambient PM10 concentrations due to dust raised by unusually high winds will be treated as due to uncontrollable natural events under the following conditions: (1) the dust originated from nonanthropogenic sources, or (2) the dust originated from anthropogenic sources controlled with best available control measures (BACM)."
ADEQ interprets this to mean violations caused by excessive PM10 concentrations resulting from wildland fires, high winds, or seismic events.
Natural Events Action Plan In the event of a PM10 violation of the NAAQS caused by a natural event in a moderate PM10 nonattainment area, the state can develop and submit to EPA a plan of action to address future events (NEP, p. 6). The following is a summary of the EPA guidance regarding development of a NEAP as provided in the NEP. The NEAP should: 1) Include documentation and analysis of the event showing a clear causal relationship between the measured exceedance and the natural event. This documentation of natural events and their impact on measured air quality should be made available to the public for review. 2) Be developed in conjunction with the stakeholders affected by the plan. ADEQ attended twelve stakeholder meetings over the course of developing the NEAP. 3) Identify, study, and implement practical mitigating measures as necessary. Include programs that abate or minimize appropriate contributing controllable sources of PM10. 4) Include programs that help minimize public exposure to unhealthy concentrations of PM10 due to future natural events. 5) The NEAP must be made available for public review and comment. 6) The NEAP must be submitted to EPA for review and comment. 7) The NEAP must commit the State to periodically reevaluate: (a) the conditions causing violations of a PM10 NAAQS in the area; (b) the status of the implementation of the NEAP; and (c) the adequacy of the actions being implemented. The State should reevaluate the NEAP for an area every five years at a minimum and make appropriate changes to the plan.
ADEQ Air Quality Exceptional and Natural Events Policy
ADEQ has developed and adopted an Air Quality Exceptional and Natural Events Policy, similar to EPA's NEP (ADEQ Policy 0159.000). The policy describes the requirements and procedures that are to be followed in the event of an air quality exceptional and natural event in Arizona. C.1. Analysis Procedures
When an Arizona natural event is observed and verified by ADEQ based on the analysis of meteorological and PM10 monitoring data, the characteristics of the high wind event are to be defined by the state based on analysis of meteorological data parameters listed in the NEP and the unique conditions existing in Arizona, pursuant to a document entitled, Technical Criteria Document for Determination of Natural Exceptional Events in Arizona. Elevated emissions of natural and/or well-controlled human-caused sources resulting from high winds events are exempted from additional regulation, except for the requirements of the EPA's NEP. C.2. Preparation and Submittal to EPA of a Notice of an Air Quality Natural Event
Under the ADEQ policy, when an exceedance of the PM10 NAAQS is observed, ADEQ makes the determination that the exceedance is the result of one of the types of events considered in the federal NEP as a natural event, based on technical and scientific evidence. ADEQ and/or the county air pollution control departments or districts will perform an initial standard data quality review to determine the veracity of the reading. Within six months of the date of the natural event, ADEQ and/or the county air pollution control departments or districts prepare a finding that the NEP may be applicable. If the exceedance is valid and related to a high wind event, ADEQ and/or the county air pollution control departments hold a public meeting in the community near the monitoring site where the exceedance occurred to educate interested members of the public, request additional technical data input, and begin the planning process. Within 18 months of the date of the air quality exceptional event, ADEQ and/or the county air pollution control departments, in conjunction with the local planning agencies certified pursuant to A.R.S. �49-406, and affected stakeholders prepare the draft NEAP for review. III. Implementation of the Yuma Natural Events Action Plan A. Yuma Natural Events Action Plan As required, ADEQ submitted a NEAP to EPA for the Yuma area by the February 18, 2004, deadline. At the onset of the NEAP development process in August 2002, ADEQ identified the various stakeholders in the Yuma area. These stakeholders included the local jurisdictions, the metropolitan planning organization, the agricultural community, federal
agencies, two Native American tribes, the water users' association and irrigation districts, and the Arizona Department of Transportation. ADEQ met a total of twelve times with the Yuma area stakeholders during the NEAP process. The Yuma NEAP establishes public notification and education programs; minimizes public exposure to high concentrations of PM10 due to future natural events; abates or minimizes appropriate contributing sources of PM10; and identifies and implements practical mitigating measures as necessary. As required, the NEAP will be evaluated every five years, with appropriate changes made to the plan. B. Commitments During the development process, stakeholders participated and contributed input in deciding upon the seven commitments that were included in the NEAP. The seven commitments agreed upon were to: (1) Implement BACM and programs that abate or minimize appropriate contributing sources of PM10; (2) Conduct pilot tests of new emission reduction techniques for minimizing sources of wind-blown dust; (3) Establish public notification and education programs and develop and implement programs that help minimize public exposures to unhealthy concentrations of PM10 due to future natural events; (4) Require all construction projects to display a project information sign with a phone number for citizens to report dust complaints; (5) Continue to review options with state officials regarding implementation of a state statute that will require haul trucks to cover their loads during transport throughout the Yuma area; (6) Allow the Yuma County Public Works Department to continue the responsibility to water, grade, and compact the county unpaved roads throughout the Yuma Nonattainment Area; and (7) Coordinate the development of a hotline that the public can use to report unauthorized or speeding vehicles on any unpaved road. A detailed discussion of these commitments follows. B.1. Implement BACM and Programs that Abate or Minimize Appropriate Contributing Sources of PM10 (a) Yuma Agricultural Best Management Practices Rule
As demonstrated in the Yuma NEAP, a detailed look at the PM10 concentrations during the wind event of August 18, 2002, reveals that agricultural fields contributed to 17.7 percent of the
concentrations on that day. ADEQ met with stakeholders of the agricultural community over a span of several months in Yuma to develop an Agricultural Best Management Practices (Ag BMP) program in Yuma County. The program is embodied in Arizona Administrative Code R18-2-609, R18-2-612 through 614 (see Attachment A). An Ag BMP rule has been used in Maricopa County as a dust control measure with some success since May, 2000. The Maricopa County Agricultural BMP rule was approved as BACM by EPA, and has been upheld in federal court, which found the flexible format uniquely suited to widely varying farm situations. Agricultural BMPs, therefore, are appropriate to Yuma County, as they are in Maricopa County, so long as the BMP rule adapts to the unique farming conditions of Yuma County. Yuma's topography, soil conditions, crops, and irrigation methods differ substantially from Maricopa County's, and the Yuma County Ag BMP was conceived and is being implemented with this in mind. Enforcement Through the Arizona Department of Agriculture's Consultation and Training (ACT) program, non-regulatory compliance assistance is provided for farmers in the Yuma PM10 Nonattainment Area. To ensure compliance with laws and rules that address air quality standards, the ACT consultant conducts an on-site visit of the agricultural establishment and completes an evaluation report for the farmer. Included in the evaluation report is information gathered during the on-site visit and any corrective measures recommended by the ACT consultant. Training is provided through the ACT program for farm workers on best management practices to reduce PM10 during farming operations. The ACT program provides training materials and a video for farm owners to enhance the implementation of their air quality BMP plan. ADEQ dust control action forecasts for Yuma are made available to the regulated farmers in the PM10 nonattainment area through the ACT program. The notification alerts farmers to implement their dust control action plan and informs them that State air quality inspectors may be conducting surveillance on the days that are deemed high risk for a PM10 exceedance. The ACT program utilizes a non-enforcement approach and is not affiliated with any of the enforcement programs, allowing a formal
means by which the regulated agricultural community may request compliance assistance without regulatory intervention. ADEQ has dedicated a 0.2 full time employee and $19,300 on an annual basis to enforce the Yuma agricultural BMP rule in Yuma County. ADEQ also works with the Arizona Department of Agriculture and Yuma County for field support with respect to enforcement. (b) 20% Opacity Standard (R18-2-702)
Additional emissions reductions from permitted sources in the Yuma Nonattainment Area are expected as a result of revising Arizona Administrative Code R18-2-702 General Provisions (see Attachment B). R18-2-702, which is the 20% opacity standard, applies to certain categories of permitted sources not covered by a separate opacity limit in other sections of ADEQ rules. ADEQ met with stakeholders on several occasions before revising this rule in 2003 to conform to EPA's requirement for a 20% opacity limit. Enforcement ADEQ has dedicated 1 full time employee and $ 77,144 on an annual basis to enforce R18-2-702 in the Yuma area. (c) City of Yuma Street Sweeping Program
During the stakeholder process, ADEQ discovered the City of Yuma has a street sweeping program that is implemented as a matter of policy. The City has five mechanical broom-type sweepers which suit the City's desert and dust-exposed areas. Approximately 240 miles of streets are swept annually in the City of Yuma. Implementation The City of Yuma has dedicated five full time employees and $251,072 on an annual basis to operate the City street sweeping program. (d) City of Somerton Street Sweeping Program
It was discovered that the City of Somerton has a street sweeping program during the Yuma stakeholder process. The City of Somerton has one street sweeper. The City of Somerton, similar to
the City of Yuma, operates its street sweeping program as a matter of policy. (e) Yuma County Street Sweeping Program
During the stakeholder process, ADEQ discovered that Yuma County, similar to the Cities of Yuma and Somerton, has a street sweeping program that is implemented as a matter of policy. Yuma County has one street sweeper. Yuma County staff informed ADEQ that approximately 510 miles of streets are swept annually in Yuma County. Implementation Yuma County has dedicated one full time employee and $151,000 on an annual basis to operate its street sweeping program. B.2. Conduct Pilot Tests of New Emission Reduction Techniques for Minimizing Sources of Wind-blown Dust In view of the fact that the Yuma area has attained the 24-hour and annual PM10 national ambient air quality standards, ADEQ and the Yuma area stakeholders concluded that it was not necessary to conduct pilot tests of new emissions reduction techniques in the Yuma area at this time. This proposal was not discussed at length during the stakeholder process. B.3. Establish Public Notification and Education Programs and Develop and Implement Programs that Help Minimize Public Exposures to Unhealthy Concentrations of PM10 due to Future Natural Events State and local agencies must take appropriate reasonable measures to safeguard public health regardless of the source of PM10 emission. Both the NEP and the NEAP outline actions necessary to education and notify the public of any health-related affects due to air quality impacts; these include: (1) establish public notification and education programs where the National Air quality Standards (NAAQS) are exceeded; and (2) maintain these programs to minimize public exposure to such events in the future. Over the past months, ADEQ has assisted stakeholders in Yuma County, including the cities of Yuma and Somerton, in the development a public notification and education program as part of the specific NEAP commitment. Yuma residents were educated regarding
the adverse health effects of PM10 and, with ADEQ `s assistance, identified key stakeholders in the Yuma area to be included in this program. The program focuses on alerting sensitive segments of Yuma's population to potential health threats from exposure to high concentrations of PM10 that can trigger asthma, bronchitis, sever coughing, heart attacks, and other life threatening upper respiratory problems if exposed. To this end, ADEQ and Yuma entities developed a Media Contact List for Yuma and the surrounding area (see Appendix C), an Outreach and Notification Resource List (see Appendix D), and a Dust Action Forecast plan (see in Appendix E) to be utilized by the media and daycare centers, including senior centers, in the event of a high-wind event that could increase concentrations of PM10 . In addition, the Cities of Yuma, Somerton, along with Yuma County developed a dust complaint hotline for citizens to report violators (Yuma: (928) 3274500, Yuma County: (928) 217-3878, Somerton: (928) 627-9876), and ADEQ assisted with the development of educational materials, including bi-lingual brochures. These materials are to be disseminated by ADEQ community liaison for the Southwest region in concert with Yuma County public service announcements, planned speaking events, and other information to be posted to local and state websites where it can be downloaded for further dissemination. The ADEQ alert page can be found at http://www.azdeq.gov/function/education/index.html. The Yuma County webpage is at http://www.co.yuma.az.us/dds/EP/epmain.htm. B.4. Require All Construction Projects to Display a Project Information Sign with a Phone Number for Citizens to Report Dust Complaints (a) City of Yuma Project Information Sign Requirement
During the stakeholder process, it was discovered that current local laws require some level of dust mitigation during construction projects. Building permits for projects in the City of Yuma can be obtained through either the zoning department or the public works department, depending upon the type of project undertaken. In each case, local law now requires that a project information sign be posted at construction projects of one acre or larger. City Ordinance Number 02004-72, effective January 1, 2005, (see Attachment F) requires the sign to be posted prominently at the construction site and to display a phone number for citizens to report dust complaints. (b) City of Somerton Project Information Sign Requirement
One outcome of the stakeholder process concerning the project information sign requirement for the City of Somerton was that Somerton staff reviewed the City's dust control plan requirements to determine if its requirements could be made more effective to control dust associated with construction projects in Somerton. As in the case of Yuma, the City of Somerton adopted an ordinance that requires a project information sign be posted at construction projects that are one acre or larger. City Ordinance Number 293, effective July 19, 2005, (see Attachment G) requires the sign to be displayed prominently at the construction site and to display a phone number for citizens to report dust complaints. (c) Yuma County Project Information Sign Requirement
Yuma County also issues building permits and has requirements similar to the Cities of Yuma and Somerton for dust control plans for projects in the unincorporated portions of Yuma County. ADEQ is committed to working with the County to enforce this requirement. Both Yuma County and ADEQ agreed, during the stakeholder process, that this requirement could be strengthened. Yuma County, similar to the Cities of Yuma and Somerton, decided to add a project information sign requirement for construction projects that are one acre or larger. Yuma County Ordinance Number 05-01, effective August 1, 2005, (see Attachment H) requires the sign to be posted prominently at the construction site and to display a phone number for citizens to report dust complaints. Enforcement Yuma County is in the process of developing its air quality environmental compliance and inspection program. Yuma County has dedicated one parttime employee to enforce its project information sign ordinance. In addition, Yuma County is conducting negotiations with ADEQ to partner in the enforcement of this requirement. The County has implemented a computerized tracking system that tracks citizen complaints related to construction projects in the unincorporated portions of Yuma County. The computer tracking system will be used to respond and follow-up on registered citizen dust complaints, and identify problem areas that need follow-up by either ADEQ or Yuma County enforcement personnel. B.5. Continue to Review Options with State Officials Regarding Implementation of a State Statute that will Require Haul Trucks to Cover Their Loads during Transport Throughout the Yuma Area The stakeholder process revealed the AAC R18-2-606 could not be used to require trucks to cover their loads in the Yuma Nonattainment Area. It
was suggested that ADEQ sponsor a proposal for a state statute that would specifically require trucks to cover their loads in the nonattainment areas in Arizona. Although ADEQ was unable to submit a proposal in time to the Arizona State Legislature to create a statute, for this submittal, requiring haul trucks to cover their loads during transport through the Yuma area, ADEQ will submit a proposal for this statute during the 2006 legislative session. This requirement will be a contingency measure for the Yuma area and will be included in the Yuma PM10 Maintenance Plan. B.6. Allow the Yuma County Public Works Department to Continue the Responsibility to Water, Grade, and Compact the County Unpaved Roads throughout the Yuma Nonattainment Area ADEQ does not have the legal authority to require or allow the Yuma County Public Works Department to water, grade, and compact the county unpaved roads throughout the Yuma Nonattainment Area. Consequently, ADEQ cannot implement this practice as a BACM at this time; however, this activity is ongoing, as reported to the Yuma Metropolitan Planning Organization, and modeled for the attainment demonstration. B.7. Coordinate the Development of a Hotline that the Public Can Use to Report Unauthorized or Speeding Vehicles on Any Unpaved Road The hotline number mentioned in the NEAP evolved, during the stakeholder process, into the various complaint numbers listed for the entities in Yuma on the public information pamphlet, How Can I Protect My Family in Yuma from Dust Pollution (see Attachment I). Any Yuma area citizen can phone in a complaint to the number listed for the jurisdiction in which he resides. IV. Future Natural and Exceptional Events In the case of future natural and exceptional events, ADEQ will establish a clear causal relationship between the measured exceedance and the natural event, as required by EPA's NEP and ADEQ's Air Quality Exceptional Exceptional and Natural Events Policy. ADEQ will provide supporting documentation concerning the natural event of the nature of filter analysis, meteorological data, modeling and receptor analysis, videos and/or photographs of the event and the resulting emissions, maps of the area showing sources of emissions and the area affected by the event, and news accounts of the event. This documentation will provide evidence that, absent the emissions from the natural event, concentrations of PM10 at the monitoring site under consideration would not cause a NAAQS exceedance. This documentation will be made available to the public for review.
In the case of high-wind events where the sources of dust are anthropogenic, ADEQ will document that BACM were required for those sources and the sources were in compliance at the time of the high-wind event. If BACM are not required for some dust sources, the NEAP developed will include agreements with appropriate stakeholders to minimize future emissions from such sources using BACM. When ADEQ submits air quality data affect by a natural event to EPA for inclusion into the AIRS data base, ADEQ will flag the data to indicate that a natural event was involved. Documentation to support the flagged data will be maintained by ADEQ. A copy of the documentation will be sent to EPA Region IX monitoring representative no later than 180 days from the time the exceedance occurred, requesting concurrence on the flagging of the data point(s). VI. Next Steps ADEQ is currently working with the Yuma area stakeholders to develop the 10 year Maintenance Plan for the Yuma Moderate PM10 Nonattainment Area and anticipates submitting the plan to EPA in November, 2005. The Maintenance Plan will contain an attainment demonstration, a maintenance demonstration, and the BACM from the NEAP for the Yuma area.
Enclosure A
Yuma Agricultural Best Management Practices Rule
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NOTICE OF FINAL RULEMAKING TITLE 18. ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY CHAPTER 2. DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY AIR POLLUTION CONTROL PREAMBLE 1. Sections Affected R18-2-609 R18-2-612 R18-2-612 R18-2-613 R18-2-614 R18-2-614 2. Rulemaking Action Amend Renumber New Section New Section Renumber Amend
The statutory authority for the rulemaking, including both the authorizing statute (general) and the statutes the rules are implementing (specific): Authorizing Statutes: A.R.S. �� 49-104(A)(1) and(A)(11), � 49-425 Implementing Statutes: A.R.S. �� 49-404 and 49-406
The effective date of the rules: 60 days after filing with the Secretary of State.
A list of all previous notices appearing in the Register addressing the final rules: Notice of Rulemaking Docket Opening: 10 A.A.R. 3092, August 6, 2004 Notice of Proposed Rulemaking: 10 A.A.R. 4837, Dec. 3, 2004
The name and address of agency personnel with whom persons may communicate regarding the rulemaking: Name: Address: Kevin Force Arizona Department of Environmental Quality 1110 W. Washington Ave. Phoenix, AZ 85007 Telephone: (602) 771-4480 (This number may be reached in-state by dialing 1-800-234-1-
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5677) and requesting the seven digit number.) Fax: 6. (602) 771-2366
An explanation of the rules, including the agency=s reasons for initiating the rules:
Summary. These rules establish agricultural best management practices (BMPs) for the Yuma planning area to reduce emissions of PM10 (particulate matter 10 or less micrometers in aerodynamic diameter) from regulated agricultural activities. Background. The Yuma planning area is a federally designated moderate PM10 nonattainment area, corresponding roughly to the urban area of western Yuma County. It is about 456 square miles in size with a population of approximately 110,000. The boundaries of the Yuma planning area are listed in 40 CFR 81.303 and a map exists on ADEQ's Web site, at www.azdeq.gov. The federal Clean Air Act requires state and local authorities to implement stricter particulate pollution controls in PM10 nonattainment areas. Arizona currently has six other moderate PM10 nonattainment areas, and one serious PM10 nonattainment area (the Phoenix metropolitan planning area). Two other former PM10 nonattainment areas have already been redesignated to attainment. History. EPA designated the Yuma area nonattainment for PM10 in 1990, based upon violations that occurred from 1985 to 1990. ADEQ submitted a PM10 State Implementation Plan (SIP) to EPA in 1994 that did not contain any rules affecting agricultural particulate pollution. EPA has not acted on that SIP submittal. On August 18, 2002, a dust storm caused a violation of the federal 24-hour ambient dust standard at the Yuma monitor. This was the first violation of either the annual or 24-hour standard in more than 10 years. The Yuma community and ADEQ developed a Natural Events Action Plan (NEAP) to prevent this and future natural events from causing the area to remain nonattainment. Under federal policy, NEAPs are required to include Best Available Control Measures (BACM) for sources contributing to the violation, which need to be implemented within 18 months after plan submittal. The Yuma NEAP contained a commitment to work with local farmers to develop an Agricultural Best Management Practices (BMP) rule. An Agricultural BMP rule (R18-2-610 and R18-2-611) has been used in Maricopa County as a dust control measure with some success since May of 2000. Although agriculture in Yuma County is different from that in the Phoenix area, the Maricopa County Agricultural BMP rule was approved as BACM by EPA, and has
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been upheld in federal court, which found the flexible format uniquely suited to widely varying farming situations. As the Court noted, "[a]gricultural sources are unlike other stationary sources and are unlike sources such as automobiles that have common design features and may be subject to a common or uniform control measure." [Vigil v. Leavitt, (381 F.3d 826, Sept. 1, 2004)]. Agricultural BMPs, therefore, are appropriate to Yuma County, as they are in Maricopa County, so long as the BMP rule adapts to the unique farming conditions of Yuma County. Yuma's topography, soil conditions, crops and irrigation methods differ substantially from Maricopa's, and any Best Management Practices Rule would have to be able to adopt those differences to be effective. Yuma agriculture. Agriculture in Yuma County, Arizona, is made possible primarily by large quantities of irrigation water from the Colorado River, as well as groundwater. Yuma agriculture employs some of the most sophisticated and unique systems of crop production in the world. Yuma area farming is so independent of rainfall, rain is sometimes considered a nuisance. The three biggest crops in Yuma County are lettuce, broccoli, and cauliflower. (In Maricopa County, they are upland cotton, durum wheat, and alfalfa.) Yuma County is the nation's winter salad bowl, producing 85-90% of the country's winter vegetables. There are times during midwinter, and extending into early spring, when fully 90-95% of the iceberg lettuce crop for the United States and Canada comes from Yuma County fields. The cash receipts value for Yuma County crops during 2003 was well over half a billion dollars, nearly as much as the other 14 Arizona counties combined. Section by Section explanation of rules. R18-2-609. Agricultural Practices. This Section is the general agricultural dust rule that applies throughout the state unless otherwise specified. It has been amended so that, in addition to not applying in the Phoenix PM10 nonattainment area, it would not apply in the Yuma PM10 nonattainment area. R18-2-612. Definitions for R18-2-613. This Section contains definitions of the terms used in the Yuma Agricultural BMP rule. These definitions, including those of various BMPs, include terms specific to the unique circumstances of agriculture in Yuma County. R18-2-613. Yuma PM10 nonattainment areas; Agricultural Best Management Practices. This Section directs each Yuma commercial farmer to implement at least one BMP for each of three categories: tillage and harvest, noncropland, and cropland. It then lists a number of best management practices appropriate to each
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category which a farmer may choose to implement. R18-2-613 allows any person to develop different practices than those listed, and submit them to the Director for review. It also directs the farmer to maintain records demonstrating compliance with the BMP rule, and lists several elements that must be included in these records.
A reference to any study relevant to the rules that the agency reviewed and either relied on in its evaluation of or justification for the rules or did not rely on in its evaluation of or justification for the rules, where the public may obtain or review each study, all data underlying each study, and any analysis of each study and other supporting material: None
A showing of good cause why the rules are necessary to promote a statewide interest if the rules will diminish a previous grant of authority of a political subdivision of this state: Not applicable
The summary of the economic, small business, and consumer impact:
Rule Identification This rulemaking amends A.A.C. R18-2-609, "Agricultural Practices," and adds A.A.C. R18-2-612, "Definitions for R18-2-613," and A.A.C. R18-2-613 "Yuma PM10 Nonattainment Area; Agricultural Best Management Practices." Costs In terms of compliance costs, ADEQ expects this rulemaking to have a minimal to moderate economic impact on commercial farmers. This is because farmers must implement a minimum of one best management practice (BMP) from each of three categories: tillage and harvest, noncropland, and cropland. Equipment modifications, track-out controls, and constructing wind barriers, representing examples of BMPs from each category, could result in increased costs to commercial farmers. Another compliance cost associated with this rulemaking is recordkeeping. Commercial farmers must demonstrate compliance with the rule by documenting which BMP is being implemented for tillage, harvest, cropland and noncropland. Because many of the BMPs listed in rule already are being used by farmers, costs associated with implementing those techniques would represent sunk costs; hence, they would not be considered incremental
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compliance costs under this rulemaking. Nonetheless, information provided by the Yuma Farm Bureau suggests that potential compliance costs could be as much as $5.00 to $10.00 per acre; depending on which BMPs are implemented, compliance costs might be either recurring or one-time costs. This estimate includes recordkeeping. Although the number of acres farmed in the Yuma nonattainment area is not available at this time, ADEQ estimates that one-half of the 231,125 acres of farmland in Yuma County are in the nonattainment area. This proportion would represent about 40 percent of the total acreage in the Yuma PM10 nonattainment area, and includes approximately 250 farms. If the acres farmed in the Yuma nonattainment area total 115,562 the estimated cost would be, at most, $577,810 to $1,155,620. According to the Yuma Farm Bureau, commercial farmers already are implementing many of the proposed BMPs, and as such, compliance costs resulting solely from these rules would be considerably lower. Additionally, farmers can choose BMPs that would be the most economically feasible, which would tend to significantly reduce compliance costs. If the low end of the estimate is more probable, and the $577,810 cost is to be divided among 250 farms, the cost per farm would average $2,310. Due to the market for agricultural commodities, it is unlikely to be feasible to pass on to consumers the increase in operating costs. For ADEQ, the impact due to the review of records submitted by commercial farmers is expected to be very minimal. The current FTEs are expected to handle the increase in the workload. Agricultural commodity groups may be impacted minimally as they educate and provide technical assistance to commercial farmers. ADEQ does not expect this rulemaking to significantly impact business revenues, payroll expenditures, or employment. ADEQ does not anticipate an impact upon state revenues. Benefits The impact to businesses that provide services, supplies, or equipment needed to implement BMPs would represent an increase in revenues, or a benefit to those businesses. This also would increase sales taxes paid. It is expected that the general public in the Yuma PM10 nonattainment area will gain from this rulemaking
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through health-related benefits due to reduced PM10 emissions from agricultural activities. PM not only causes irritation to the respiratory system, but it can cause damage, resulting in difficult breathing, inducement of bronchitis, and aggravation of existing respiratory diseases. Certain population subgroups are more susceptible to PM emissions, such as children, the elderly, and persons with respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. Other harmful effects include soiling, damage to materials and impairment of visibility. As a result, probable benefits are expected to exceed probable costs for implementing this rulemaking. Small Businesses State statutes require agencies to reduce the impact of rules on small businesses by using certain methods when they are legal and feasible in supporting the statutory objectives of the rulemaking (A.R.S. ��41-1055 and 41-1035). Although the proportion of commercial farmers that could be classified as small businesses is unknown, ADEQ believes that potentially as many as 80 percent of these farmers could be considered small businesses. To be defined as a small business, the entity would have to be independently owned and operated, not dominant in its field and employ fewer than 100 full-time employees, or have gross annual receipts of less than four million dollars (A.R.S. � 41-1001).1 Because an objective of this rulemaking is to reduce the impact of PM10, ADEQ could not exempt small businesses from the rule requirements. Under federal law, Agriculture BMPs must meet Best Available Control Measure requirements. Thus, the BMPs for the Yuma planning area must be no less stringent than the BMPs for Maricopa County. In addition, under this rule, commercial farmers must implement at least one method of a variety of BMPs involving three categories (tillage and harvest, noncropland, and cropland). It would not be legal or feasible to implement less than one BMP. Due to the flexibility of the rule requirements, the impact upon small businesses already has been reduced.
1 An unknown proportion of farmers may have gross revenues over $4 million. Although revenues may vary depending on the type of crop grown, if a farm has more than 500 acres, for example, and produces 800 cartons of lettuce per acre at a price of $10 per carton, revenues would exceed $4 million. Nevertheless, most farms in the Yuma area probably employ fewer than 100 full-time employees.
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ADEQ expects compliance costs to be minimal per commercial farmer due to the fact that each farmer may select a BMP that is most economically feasible. Also, ADEQ expects recordkeeping costs to be very minimal. Therefore, ADEQ could not implement any less intrusive or less costly alternatives methods that would be applicable only to small businesses. Any small business that provides services, supplies, or equipment to commercial farmers to implement BMPs would benefit economically in the form of additional revenues.
A description of the changes between the proposed rules, including supplemental notices, and final rules (if applicable): Minor technical and grammatical changes to improve the rules' clarity, conciseness and understandability.
A summary of the comments made regarding the rule and the agency response to them:
Comment 1: A commenter at the oral proceeding wanted to know what was meant by the phrase "high-wind event" in R18-2-613(E)((7). Response: The term "Limited activity during a high-wind event" is defined in the previous section at R18-2612(19) as "performing no tillage or soil preparation activity when the measured wind speed at 6 feet in height is more than 25 mph at the commercial farm site." This is the same definition that is used in the rule for Maricopa County commercial farmers. Comment 2: A commenter at the oral proceeding wanted to know why the term "commercial farmer" is used throughout the rule but not in subsection (H). Response: Subsection (H) deals with who may develop and submit to the Director Best Management Practices that are not contained in the rule. The term "person" was used to allow more than just "commercial farmers," as defined in the rule, to develop and submit such practices. The same distinction is made in the rule for Maricopa County.
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Any other matters prescribed by statute that are applicable to the specific agency or to any other specific rule or class of rules: Not applicable
Incorporations by reference and their location in the rules: None
Was this rule previously made as an emergency rule? No
The full text of the rules follows:
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Section R18-2-609. R18-2-612. R18-2-613. Agricultural Practices Evaluation of Nonpoint Source Emissions Definitions for R18-2-613 Yuma PM10 Nonattainment Area; Agricultural Best Management Practices
R18-2-612. R18-2-614. Evaluation of Nonpoint Source Emissions
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ARTICLE 6. Emissions from Existing and New Nonpoint Sources R18-2-609. Agricultural Practices
A person shall not cause, suffer, allow, or permit the performance of agricultural practices outside the Phoenix and Yuma planning area areas, as defined in 40 CFR 81.303, which is incorporated by reference in R18-2210, including tilling of land and application of fertilizers without taking reasonable precautions to prevent excessive amounts of particulate matter from becoming airborne.
Evaluation of Nonpoint Source Emissions Definitions for R18-2-613
"Access restriction" means restricting or eliminating public access to noncropland with signs or physical obstruction. "Aggregate cover" means gravel, concrete, recycled road base, caliche, or other similar material applied to noncropland. "Artificial wind barrier" means a physical barrier to the wind. "Bed row spacing" means increasing or decreasing the size of a planting bed area to reduce the number of passes and soil disturbance by increasing plant density. "Best management practice" means a technique verified by scientific research, that on a case-bycase basis is practical, economically feasible, and effective in reducing PM10 emissions from a regulated agricultural activity.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13.
"Chemical irrigation" means applying a fertilizer, pesticide, or other agricultural chemical to cropland through an irrigation system. "Combining tractor operations" means performing two or more tillage, cultivation, planting, or harvesting operations with a single tractor or harvester pass. "Commercial farm" means 10 or more contiguous acres of land used for agricultural purposes within the boundary of the Yuma PM10 nonattainment area. "Commercial farmer" means an individual, entity, or joint operation in general control of a commercial farm. "Conservation irrigation" means the use of drips, sprinklers, or underground lines to conserve water, and to reduce the weed population, the need for tillage, and soil compaction. "Conservation tillage" means types of tillage that reduce the number of passes and the amount of soil disturbance. "Cover crop" means plants or a green manure crop grown for seasonal soil protection or soil improvement. "Critical area planting" means using trees, shrubs, vines, grasses, or other vegetative cover on
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NFRMYumaAgBMP021005 8/15/2005
noncropland. 14. "Cropland" means land on a commercial farm that: a. b. c. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. Is within the time-frame of final harvest to plant emergence; Has been tilled in a prior year and is suitable for crop production, but is currently fallow; or Is a turn-row. "Cross-wind ridges" means soil ridges formed by a tillage operation. "Cross-wind strip-cropping" means planting strips of alternating crops within the same field. "Cross-wind vegetative strips" means herbaceous cover established in one or more strips within the same field. "Equipment modification" means modifying agricultural equipment to prevent or reduce particulate matter generation from cropland. "Limited activity during a high-wind event" means performing no tillage or soil preparation activity when the measured wind speed at six feet in height is more than 25 mph at the commercial farm site. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. "Manure application" means applying animal waste or biosolids to a soil surface. "Mulching" means applying plant residue or other material that is not produced onsite to a soil surface. "Multi-year crop" means a crop, pasture, or orchard that is grown, or will be grown, on a continuous basis for more than one year. "Night farming" means performing regulated agricultural activities at night when moisture levels are higher and winds are lighter. "Noncropland" means any commercial farm land that: a. b. c. d. 25. 26. 27. Is no longer used for agricultural production; Is no longer suitable for production of crops; Is subject to a restrictive easement or contract that prohibits use for the production of crops; or Includes a private farm road, ditch, ditch bank, equipment yard, storage yard, or well head. "Permanent cover" means a perennial vegetative cover on cropland. "Planting based on soil moisture" means applying water to soil before performing planting operations. "Precision farming" means use of satellite navigation to calculate position in the field, to reduce
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NFRMYumaAgBMP021005 8/15/2005
overlap during field operations, and allow operations to occur during nighttime and inclement weather, thus generating less PM10. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. "Reduce vehicle speed" means operating farm vehicles or farm equipment on unpaved farm roads at speeds not to exceed 20 mph. "Reduced harvest activity" means reducing the number of harvest passes using a mechanized method to cut and remove crops from a field. "Regulated agricultural activity" means a commercial farming practice that may produce PM10 within the Yuma PM10 nonattainment area. "Residue management" means managing the amount and distribution of crop and other plant residues on a soil surface. "Sequential cropping" means growing crops in a sequence that minimizes the amount of time bare soil is exposed on a field. "Surface roughening" means manipulating a soil surface to produce or maintain clods. "Synthetic particulate suppressant" means a manufactured product such as lignosulfate, calcium chloride, magnesium chloride, and polyacrylamide, an emulsion of a petroleum product, and an enzyme product that is used to control particulate matter. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. "Tillage and harvest" means any mechanical practice that physically disturbs cropland or crops on a commercial farm. "Tillage based on soil moisture" means applying water to soil before or during tillage, or delaying tillage to coincide with precipitation. "Timing of a tillage operation" means performing tillage operations at a time that will minimize the soil's susceptibility to generate PM10. "Transgenic crops" means the use of genetically modified crops such as "herbicide ready" crops, which reduces the need for tillage or cultivation operations, and reduces soil disturbance. "Track-out control system" means a device to remove mud or soil from a vehicle before the vehicle enters a paved public road. "Tree, shrub, or windbreak planting" means providing a woody vegetative barrier to the wind. "Watering" means applying water to noncropland. "Yuma PM10 nonattainment area" means the Yuma PM10 planning area as defined in 40 CFR 81.303, which is incorporated by reference in R18-2-210. R18-2-613. A. Yuma PM10 Nonattainment Area; Agricultural Best Management Practices
A commercial farmer shall comply with this Section by August 1, 2005.
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NFRMYumaAgBMP021005 8/15/2005
A commercial farmer, who begins a regulated agricultural activity after August 1, 2005, shall comply with this Section within 60 days after beginning the regulated agricultural activity. A commercial farmer shall implement at least one of the best management practices from each of the following categories at each commercial farm: 1. 2. 3. Tillage and harvest, subsection (E); Noncropland, subsection (F); and Cropland, subsection (G).
A commercial farmer shall ensure that the implementation of each selected best management practice does not violate any other local, state, or federal law. A commercial farmer shall implement at least one of the following best management practices to reduce PM10 emissions from tillage and harvest: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. Bed row spacing, Chemical irrigation, Combining tractor operations, Conservation irrigation, Conservation tillage, Equipment modification, Limited activity during a high-wind event, Multi-year crop, Night farming, Planting based on soil moisture, Precision farming, Reduced harvest activity, Tillage based on soil moisture, Timing of a tillage operation, or Transgenic crops.
A commercial farmer shall implement at least one of the following best management practices to reduce PM10 emissions from noncropland: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Access restriction; Aggregate cover; Artificial wind barrier; Critical area planting; Manure application;
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NFRMYumaAgBMP021005 8/15/2005
Reduce vehicle speed; Synthetic particulate suppressant; Track-out control system; Tree, shrub, or windbreak planting; or Watering.
A commercial farmer shall implement at least one of the following best management practices to reduce PM10 emissions from cropland: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. Artificial wind barrier; Cover crop; Cross-wind ridges; Cross-wind strip-cropping; Cross-wind vegetative strips; Manure application; Mulching; Multi-year crop; Permanent cover; Planting based on soil moisture; Precision farming; Residue management; Sequential cropping; Surface roughening; or Tree, shrub, or windbreak planting.
A person may develop different practices not contained in subsections (E), (F), or (G) that reduce PM10. A person may submit practices that are proven effective through on-farm demonstration trials to the Director. The Director shall review the submitted practices.
A commercial farmer shall maintain records demonstrating compliance with this Section. The commercial farmer shall provide the records to the Director within two business days of written notice to the commercial farmer. The records shall contain: 1. 2. 3. The name of the commercial farmer, The mailing address or physical location of the commercial farm, and The best management practices selected for tillage and harvest, noncropland, and cropland by the commercial farmer, and the date each best management practice was implemented.
NFRMYumaAgBMP021005 8/15/2005
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R18-2-612. R18-2-614. Evaluation of Nonpoint Source Emissions Opacity of an emission from any nonpoint source shall not be greater than 40% measured in accordance with according to the Arizona Testing Manual, Reference Method 9. An open fires fire permitted under R18-2-602 and or regulated under R18-2-603 Article 15 are is exempt from this requirement.
J:\AQD\PLANNING\RULES\Ag BMPs Yuma\GRRC Submission\NFRMYumaAgBMP11805.doc
NFRMYumaAgBMP021005 8/15/2005
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Enclosure B
20% Opacity Standard Rule
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R18-2-702. General Provisions A. The provisions of this Article shall only apply to a source that is all of the following: 1. An existing source, as defined in R18-2-101; 2. A point source. For the purposes of this Section, "point source" means a source of air contaminants that has an identifiable plume or emissions point; and 3. A stationary source, as defined in R18-2-101. B. Except as otherwise provided in this Chapter relating to specific types of sources, the opacity of any plume or effluent, from a source described in subsection (A), as determined by Reference Method 9 in 40 CFR 60, Appendix A, shall not be: 1. Greater than 20% in an area that is nonattainment or maintenance for any particulate matter standard, unless an alternative opacity limit is approved by the Director and the Administrator as provided in subsections (D) and (E), after February 2, 2004; 2. Greater than 40% in an area that is attainment or unclassifiable for each particulate matter standard; and 3. After April 23, 2006, greater than 20% in any area that is attainment or unclassifiable for each particulate matter standard except as provided in subsections (D) and (E). C. If the presence of uncombined water is the only reason for an exceedance of any visible emissions requirement in this Article, the exceedance shall not constitute a violation of the applicable opacity limit. D. A person owning or operating a source may petition the Director for an alternative applicable opacity limit. The petition shall be submitted to ADEQ by May 15, 2004. 1. The petition shall contain: a. Documentation that the affected facility and any associated air pollution control equipment are incapable of being adjusted or operated to meet the applicable opacity standard. This includes: i. Relevant information on the process operating conditions and the control devices operating conditions during the opacity or stack tests; ii. A detailed statement or report demonstrating that the source investigated all practicable means of reducing opacity and utilized control technology that is reasonably available considering technical and economic feasibility; and iii. An explanation why the source cannot meet the present opacity limit although it is in compliance with the applicable particulate mass emission rule. b. If there is an opacity monitor, any certification and audit reports required by all applicable subparts in 40 CFR 60 and in Appendix B, Performance Specification 1. c. A verification by a responsible official of the source of the truth, accuracy, and completeness of the petition. This certification shall state that, based on information and belief formed after reasonable inquiry, the statements and information in the document are true, accurate, and complete. 2. If the unit for which the alternative opacity standard is being applied is subject to a stack test, the petition shall also include: a. Documentation that the source conducted concurrent EPA Reference Method stack testing and visible emissions readings or is utilizing a continuous opacity monitor. The particulate mass emission test results shall clearly demonstrate compliance with the applicable particulate mass emission limitation by being at least 10% below that limit. For multiple units that are normally operated together and whose emissions vent through a single stack, the source shall conduct simultaneous particulate testing of each unit. Each control device shall be in good operating condition and operated consistent with good practices for minimizing emissions. b. Evidence that the source conducted the stack tests according to R18-2-312, and that they were witnessed by the Director or the Director's agent or representative. c. Evidence that the affected facility and any associated air pollution control equipment were operated and maintained to the maximum extent practicable to minimize the opacity of emissions during the stack tests. 3. If the source for which the alternative opacity standard is being applied is located in a nonattainment area, the petitioner shall include all the information listed in subsections (D)(1) and (D)(2), and in addition: a. In subsection (D)(1)(a)(ii), the detailed statement or report shall demonstrate that the alternative opacity limit fulfills the Clean Air Act requirement for reasonably available control technology; and b. In subsection (D)(2)(b), the stack tests shall be conducted with an opportunity for the Administrator or the Administrator's agent or representative to be present. E. If the Director receives a petition under subsection (D) the Director shall approve or deny the petition as provided below by October 15, 2004: 1. If the petition is approved under subsection (D)(1) or (D)(2), the Director shall include an alternative opacity limit in a proposed significant permit revision for the source under R18-2-320 and R18-2-330. The proposed alternative opacity limit shall be set at a value that has been demonstrated during, and not extrapolated from, testing, except that an alternative opacity limit under this Section shall not be greater than 40%. For multiple units that are normally operated together and whose emissions vent through a single stack, any new
alternative opacity limit shall reflect the opacity level at the common stack exit, and not individual in-duct opacity levels. 2. If the petition is approved under subsection (D)(3), the Director shall include an alternative opacity limit in a proposed revision to the applicable implementation plan, and submit the proposed revision to EPA for review and approval. The proposed alternative opacity limit shall be set at a value that has been demonstrated during, and not extrapolated from, testing, except that the alternative opacity limit shall not be greater than 40%. 3. If the petition is denied, the source shall either comply with the 20% opacity limit or apply for a significant permit revision to incorporate a compliance schedule under R18-2-309(5)(c)(iii) by April 23, 2006. 4. A source does not have to petition for an alternative opacity limit under subsection (D) to enter into a revised compliance schedule under R18-2-309(5)(c). F. The Director, Administrator, source owner or operator, inspector or other interested party shall determine the process weight rate, as used in this Article, as follows: 1. For continuous or long run, steady-state process sources, the process weight rate is the total process weight for the entire period of continuous operation, or for a typical portion of that period, divided by the number of hours of the period, or portion of hours of that period. 2. For cyclical or batch process sources, the process weight rate is the total process weight for a period which covers a complete operation or an integral number of cycles, divided by the hours of actual process operation during the period. Historical Note Former Section R18-2-702 repealed effective September 26, 1990 (Supp. 90-3). New Section R18-2-702 renumbered from R18-2-502 and amended effective November 15, 1993 (Supp. 93-4). Amended by exempt rulemaking at 9 A.A.R. 5550, effective February 3, 2004 (Supp. 03-4).
Enclosure C
Yuma Media Contact List
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MEDIA CONTACTS Yuma and Surrounding Area (Information disseminated by Charlene Fernandez, ADEQ Community Liaison) Name Outlet Kevin Tunell Channel 77 Greg Hyland Channel 73 Title/Dept. Yuma County Public/Legislative Affairs Office Strategic Communication Manager/City of Yuma Program Director Phone 928-3731010 928-3735023 928-3447684 E-mail email@example.com firstname.lastname@example.com
KAWC FM 88.9/AM 1320 (Natl. Public Radio) Jesus Corona KECY-TV, KESE-TV, KWUB-TV Jeff Ofgang KSWT-TV Channel 13 Cindy KTTI/KYJT Landin FM Luis Cruz Randy Hoeft KYMA-TV Channel 11 Yuma Sun
Mark Reynolds
News Director News Director News Director News Director Managing Editor
928-5399990 928-7831300 928-3444980 928-7821111 928-7833333
firstname.lastname@example.com firstname.lastname@example.com email@example.com firstname.lastname@example.com email@example.com
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Enclosure D
Outreach and Notification Resources List
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Yuma Public Education and Notification Resource List
Name Charlene Fernandez Title Community Liaison Company ADEQ Phone Responsibility Effective date August 01, 2005 E-Mail firstname.lastname@example.com ADEQ website: www.azdeq.gov email@example.com
Gerardo Mayoral
Boarder Air Monitoring Coordinator
Luis Miranda
Development Services Coordinator Public Information Officer Field Consultant
Yuma County
Kevin Tunell Marcia Colquitt
Yuma County Arizona Department of Agriculture Campesinos Sin Fronteras Arizona Department of Transportation
Office (928)373-9432 To disseminate all health and Mobile- (928) 580-6431 educational material, brochures made available through ADEQ and the dust control action forecast to Yuma stakeholder list. Office (928) 373-2332 Mr. Mayoral, assists Ms. Fernandez in her absence, with the dissemination of health and educational, brochures made available through ADEQ and dust control action plan. (928) 817-5000 Yuma, County has developed a x-5140 brochure about the acute and chronic health effects of PM10 that is available for dissemination by others. (928) 373-1111 Yuma, County has developed Public Service Announcement. (602) 542-3484 1-800 294-0308 outside of Phoenix Metro area. (928) 627-1060 Department of Agriculture notifies the farmers of the dust control action forecasts. No back up person. Campesinos Sin Fronteras is doing awareness training in Somerton, for the Spanish speaking farm workers. Arizona Department of Transportation notifies road construction crews of the dust control action forecast
email@example.com Yuma County website: www.co.yuma.az.us/dds/EP/epmain.htm email@example.com email@example.com firstname.lastname@example.com. Website
Flor Redondo
Program Director Senior Planner
Kathleen Sommer
(602) 712-7166
firstname.lastname@example.com firstname.lastname@example.com
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Name Beverly Chenausky
Title Manager Air Quality Branch
Company Arizona Department of Transportation
Phone (602) 712-7487
Responsibility Effective date August 01, 2005 Ms. Chenausky assists Ms. Sommer with notification of the road construction crews of the dust control action forecast Ibrahim Osman receives the dust control action forecast for the City of Yuma and notifies the appropriate crews that work in the City of Yuma. Eddie Mendez receives the dust control action and notifies appropriate crews that work in the City of Somerton. Ms. Villalpando, receives the dust control action forecast. Her staff is limited to providing primary care for children without health insurance. These children will be notified of the need to minimize exposure to dust. Mr. Register receives the dust control action forecast for the Cocopah Tribe. He notifies the daycare centers and the senior population located on the reservation of the need to minimize exposure to dust. Mr. Jimenez receives the dust control action forecast. He notifies appropriate crews in the event of a high wind forecast.
E-Mail firstname.lastname@example.com
Ibrahim Osman
CIP Project Manager
City of Yuma
(928) 373-4531
Eddie Mendez
Director of Public Works
City of Somerton
(928) 627-4115
Elvira Villalpando
Director of School Base Healthcare Program
Yuma Regional Medical Center
(928) 336-7159
Tracy Register
Environmental Protection Office Director
Cocopah Indian Tribe
(928) 627-2025 Ext.-13
Ernie Jimenez
Lot Development
H&S Developers
(928) 581-1374
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Name Marie Stewart
Title Marine Corp. Air Station Coordinator
Phone (928) 269-6669
Responsibility Effective date August 01, 2005 Ms Stewart is available to speak at schools to educate children of the need to minimize exposure to dust. Yuma Conservation Garden assists with outreach and public education for PM10and receives the dust control forecast. Ms. Harrison receives the dust control action plan to create awareness in the senior population to minimize exposure to high concentration of PM10 Ms. Henderson and her staff provide in home care services for seniors with disabilities that may be affected by high concentration of PM10 to minimize exposure Mr.Botdorf receives the dust control action forecast. He'll disseminate information to appropriate sources of dust. Mr. Ruerup receives the dust control action forecast. He is the back-up to Mr. Botdorf receiving the forecast and disseminate in the absence Mr. Botdorf.
E-Mail email@example.com
Sheryl Christenson
Yuma Conservation Garden Western Arizona Council of Government
(928) 317-1935
Jill Harrison
Executive Director
Lanita Henderson
Missing Piece Care Management Service Yuma Proving Ground
(928) 316-0778
Charles Botdorf
Environmental Director
(928) 328-2754
Charles Ruerup
Compliance Manager
Yuma Proving Ground
(928) 328-2977
Web-sites to visit that may useful in PM10 public education. Posters and brochures may be printed out. ADEQ's Alert page: http://www.azdeq.gov/function/education/index.html www.azdeq.gov
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Wrap's Kid Corner: http://www.epa.gov/ebtpages/airairpollutantsparticulatematterpm.html http://www.wrapair.org EPA Region 9 http://www.epa.gov/region9/enviroed/ http://www.epa.gov/reigon9/ http://www.epa.gov/ebtpages/air.html http://cfpub.epa.gov/airnow/index.cfm?action=smokefires.main http://www.epa.gov/air/urbanair/pm/index.html http://epa.gov/
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Enclosure E
Sample Dust Control Action Forecast
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ISSUED FRIDAY, OCT 14, 2005 Three-day weather outlook:
A trough of low pressure is expected to make landfall in southern California late Saturday evening. The associated cold front will push through the southern California deserts and across Yuma early Sunday morning. Subsequent winds could approach 30 mph at times in the Yuma forecast area, resulting in low visibility. The risk for wind-blown dust on Sunday will be HIGH with conditions improving Monday. NOTE: During the summer month's thunderstorms, both remote and in the vicinity, have the potential to cause periods of gusty winds and blowing dust.
South winds 10-20 mph expected. Day #1: Sat 10/15/2005
Day #2: Sun 10/16/2005
South winds 10-20 mph expected early, becoming southwest 15-25 mph with gust nearing 30 mph at times.
Southwest winds 5-15 mph expected all day. Day #3: Mon 06/17 /2005
PM-10 & PM-2.5 (PARTICLES) Description � The term "particulate matter" (PM) includes both solid particles and liquid droplets found in air. Many manmade and natural sources emit PM directly or emit other pollutants that react in the atmosphere to form PM. Particles less than 10 micrometers in diameter tend to pose the greatest health concern because they can be inhaled into and accumulate in the respiratory system. Particles less than 2.5 micrometers in diameter are referred to as "fine" particles and are responsible for many visibility degradations (brown cloud). Particles with diameters between 2.5 and 10 micrometers are referred to as "coarse". Sources � Fine = All types of combustion (motor vehicles, power plants, wood burning, etc.) and some industrial processes. Coarse = crushing or grinding operations and dust from paved or unpaved roads. Potential health impacts � PM can increase susceptibility to respiratory infections and can aggravate existing respiratory diseases, such as asthma and chronic bronchitis. Units of measurement � Micrograms per cubic meter (ug/m3) Averaging interval � 24 hours (midnight to midnight). Reduction tips � Stabilize loose soils, minimize travel on dirt roads, utilize tarps on haul trucks, limit use of leaf-blowers, and on highwind days reduce outdoor activities. CKR 05/09/2005
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Enclosure F
City of Yuma Project Information Sign Ordinance
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Enclosure G
City of Somerton Project Information Sign Ordinance
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Enclosure H
Yuma County Project Information Sign Ordinance
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Enclosure I
Yuma Area Public Information Pamphlet
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What can I do to help?
� � � � �
Drive slower on unpaved roads. Use a leaf vacuum instead of a leaf blower. Cover haul trucks that may produce dust while transporting. Homeowners can plant flowers or other vegetation on bare soil areas. Use the Yuma County Dust Control Hotline to report your dust complaints.
Dust Particles, The Environment & Your Health
Yuma County Department of Development Services 2703 South Ave B, Yuma, Arizona 85364 Phone: 928-329-2300 Fax: 928-726-5626 http://www.co.yuma.az.us/dds/EP/EPmain.htm Developed 14 July 2005 by LM
Yuma County Department of Development Services
What is Particulate Matter? Are you at risk?
People with the greatest risk to particulate matter pollution include persons with lung or heart disease, the elderly, and young children. Persons with lung or heart disease such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), coronary artery disease, asthma, are at greater risk from particulate matter pollution because the particles can aggravate these conditions and make breathing difficult. The elderly are potentially at risk because of decreased lung capacity and possibly undiagnosed health related issues. Children are also at risk to higher levels of particulate pollution because of their high level of activity and their lungs may be at an early stage of development.
Particulate matter is made up of a number of components, including dirt, soil dust, pollens, molds, ashes, soot and aerosols that remain suspended in air. Coarse particulate matter that is 10 microns in size (also known as PM10) or less can become airborne, causing both environmental and health effects. Particulate matter is caused by a variety of activities including construction and earthmoving activities, driving on unpaved roads and vacant lots, farming activities, and even the wind! Did you know? The size of a single human hair is about 75 microns!
click on the following link.
This site will provide you with the most up-todate particulate pollution forecasts.
I'm healthy, can particle pollution really affect me?
Health studies conducted indicate that exposure can lead to a variety of negative health effects. Such as tightness in the chest, palpitations, shortness of breath, chest pain, wheezing, and a number of other problems.
How can I Make a Dust Complaint?
If you see dust coming from construction sites, trackout onto paved roads, and off-road vehicles in prohibited areas, call the Yuma County Dust Control Hotline at:
What are the Health Effects?
The size of the particle is directly linked to their potential to cause health related problems. Small particles that are 10 microns or less pose the greatest threat to your health because the small particles can get deep into your lungs. Exposure to PM10 may aggravate respiratory diseases such as asthma, bronchitis, and emphysema.
Yuma County Department of Development Services
So what can I do to protect myself and my family?
First, you need to be aware of the problems associated with particulate pollution. Seek appropriate medical attention in the event you experience any adverse effects from particulate pollution. Second, limit outdoor family activities when particulate pollution is high. For additional information check the following website, http://www.co.yuma.az.us/dds/EP/EPmain.htm and
Phone: 928-329-2300 Fax: 928-726-5626
Developed 14 July 2005 by LM
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