text:
Jolley: Five Minutes with the "Not Cool" Farm Bill
Dave Warner, speaking for the National Pork Council:
"We had to ask for a fix. Because it wasn't in the farm bill, we're going to ask for a full repeal."
Michael Martin, Cargill spokesman:
"(Faced with) the prospect of two billion dollars in retaliatory tariffs from America's NAFTA partners to the North and South, we believe Congress should revisit this issue."
John Masswhol, Director of Government & International Relations, Canadian Cattlemen's Association:
"I genuinely believed they were going to fix it. I think that makes the disappointment that much worse."
Gerry Ritz, Canadian Agricultural Minister:
"Our government continues to stand with our industry and we remain steadfast in taking whatever steps may be necessary, including retaliation, to achieve a fair resolution."
Barry Carpenter, Chief Executive Officer, North American Meat Association:
(We are) extremely concerned that Congress has refused to resolve these critical issues. Without these provisions, we are forced to aggressively oppose the Farm Bill. This failure to address COOL also makes it imperative that the U.S. government push the WTO to expedite the process in order to provide the certainty necessary for the industry to move forward."
Bill Bullard, Chief Executive Officer, R-CALF USA:
"Marketplace competition can no longer occur without COOL. In this global market, more imports from more countries are entering the U.S. each year and foreign meatpackers are trying to capture market share away from U.S. family farmers and ranchers. COOL allows U.S. cattle farmers and ranchers to highlight their product to U.S. consumers whom we believe will choose our exclusively U.S. produced product if they can identify it in the market. That's what this fight is all about: farmer and ranchers want competition while the meatpackers and their allies want to control the market."
Buyers Guide
Comments (47) Leave a comment
Chuck J, Please don't be one sided in regards to COOL. As usual there are always two sides to each story. The reason COOL is in the farm bill is because the majority of the ranchers and consumers want COOL. The NCBA does not represent the majority of ranchers. Our beef export customers demand 100% U.S. beef, so it looks like the NCBA would have no problem segregating beef for the export market unless they want to call it product of North America or product of many nations.
One-sided? I quoted Bill Bullard and he is the most vociferous proponent of COOL. Let me say three things: (1) Your claim that the majority of ranchers and consumers want COOL hasn't been born out by any valid research I've seen. (2) In My opinion, COOL should live or die on its own. It should not be buried in the Farm Bill. The NCBA does represent a significant portion of American ranchers. Depending on how you want to shade the numbers, they do represent the majority.
Cool is working for us, the costed of the program are being absorb and the market is still going up. You lost we won get over it.
No matter how I try I cannot get NCBA membership numbers to see if your claim as being the representative of the majority is true. AND the farm bill looks to really be a SNAP bill... no problem with that, it is sad of all the things in the farm bill that you choose to label poop in the punch bowl... you pick COOL. Seems your packer buddies have too much influence over your judgment. Look for a solution to make COOL efficient rather than keep screaming it is no good. Your punch bowl is half full of something all right...
My 'packer buddies' don't have any influence over my judgment, sorry. But your note seems to back up my statement that COOL is one of the most hotly contested but rarely intelligently debated issues. 'Poop in the punchbowl' should be viewed as one of the parts of the bill that will cause people to pause. SNAP is another. The bill will be intensely debated one way or another until the next bill is assembled 5 or 6 or 7 years from now.
One of the problems you'll run into when trying to determine which organization is the 'biggest' is whether or not you want to look at total number of ranchers, size of ranches, etc. There are too many ways to cut the pie to really get a solid handle on that question.
When you write "The NCBA does represent a significant portion of American ranchers. Depending on how you want to shade the numbers, they do represent the majority." and then you seem to back pedal in your last post... which is it? And I see we are back to the pie analogy. And I stand on of all the things we should be upset over in the farm bill... it is COOL that you choose as the bad apple in the pie. The never ending public perception that farmers stand with their hands out for their checks to come in the mail while the vast majority of the "farm" bill is for food assistance and lots and lots of job creation... for those who need tax money to fund their employment. We go round and round...
Chuck NCBA was the only ag group pushing to repeal COOL. Every other ag group, including AMFB, NFUO, R-CALF, and USCA didn't try to repeal it. That alone shows the number of producers in favor.
Scorecard: 6 quoted individuals against MCOOL, 1 in favor. That's rather one-sided. You lament a lack of "intelligent debate" yet your sole criticism is that MCOOL "could cause a disastrous trade war..." Really? The U.S. ran a $31.7 billion trade deficit with Canada in 2013 and a $54.3 billion deficit with Mexico. Do you honestly believe those two nations are ready to embark on a trade war with the U.S. over MCOOL? Qui bono?Mere saber rattling. Lastly, your assertion that NCBA represents a "significant portion of American ranchers" with your next sentence that regardless of how numbers are shaded "they do represent the majority" is simply not the intelligent debate you ostensibly seek. Please share your numbers--however you wish to shade them--which would support your contention that a majority of ranchers are represented by NCBA.
Chuck, Do you realize that 83% of the NCBA's operating budget comes from our Beef Checkoff? Do you think the NCBA would be able to operate without the Checkoff?
I believe that the last figures I saw quoted was that NCBA represented between 14 -17% of beef producers. Hmmm. far from a majority no matter how you skew the data. Beef producers will never get honest representation as long as the organization claiming to have their best interests in mind allows seats on the board to bought by those that they must do business with. Oh and Chuck I am sure that if your pen took a different slant you would soon be out of your current job. After all one shouldn't expect to bite the hand that feeds it without getting slapped.
Rob, Your last sentence is a cheap shot and based on nothing but your uninformed opinion. I'm wondering what had feeds you? Jay, if you read tohecomments from the Caadians, you could 'assume' Masswohl and Ritz are bluffing but there isn't much there to support your assumption. And you should stop trying to 'shade' my response to support your suposition.
By the way, the NCBA web site says they represent "more than 230,000 cattle breeders, producers and feeders.' R-CALF's web site says they represented 12,000 in 2007 but the page hasn't been updated since 2011 so current numbers aren't available. I doubt that they've caught up to NCBA's numbers, though.
Chuck, I've assumed nothing, merely looked at the trade deficit numbers which tell all. You ask for intelligent debate but offer none. Please intelligently explain how Canada and Mexico can run a trade war with us given i) we are their primary trade partner and ii) they run significant trade surpluses with us. Again, qui bono? How can either of the aforementioned countries engage in a trade war which could jeopardize the trade surplus with their primary trade partner? I haven't shaded your response. You raise the issue of a trade war and I ask how Canada and Mexico can risk the same given the trade numbers. You avoid the issue. You similarly fail to provide any data to support your assertion that NCBA represents a "majority" of ranchers. In short, you call for intelligent debate but never provide numbers or data to support your apologetics.
Chuck, can you do no better than to recite NCBA's assertion that it represents "more than 230,000 cattle breeders, producers and feeders"? Do you have any idea where that number comes from? NCBA counts the members in affiliate state groups, breed associations, etc., even though most the members in the affiliates and associations do not belong to NCBA. A Texas Cattle Feeders Association member is counted by NCBA even when that member is not a member of NCBA. It's like Farm Bureau counting its insurance numbers when telling us how many producers it represents. The only number that is meaningful is the number of dues paying members and NCBA doesn't make that number available.
In 1994 National Cattlemen had 40 thousand dues paying members today NCBA has about 26 thousand dues paying members. Watch this video and get yourself educated. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ugMHu30jDWI&feature=youtu.be
Dave, Thanks for posting the video link--most interesting.
Chuck, why is it OK for you to distinguish your product and service in the global and domestic economy but American cattlemen cannot? I believe that every American producer (everyone who produces anything) works hard to provide this country with the best and safest product they can. Why would anyone want to deprive the producers (all people who produce something) of the opportunity to capitalize on the fruits of their labor? Not being allowed to distinguish your product in the market place is simply another form of indentured slavery.
Chuck, you said " I my opinion, COOL should live or die on its own. It should not be buried in the Farm Bill." That is actually how the checkoff was passed in 1985, it to was buried in the Farm Bill. The vote for a checkoff failed twice before it got slipped in to the Farm Bill. Would you make the same statement about the checkoff? Lets see if it will live or die by making it volunitary.
Chuck, Dave's point is well taken. Have you ever been into a grocery store in Europe? I have. In the UK, everything is labeled as to country of origin--all vegetables, dairy products, and meat. The meat counters have Union Jack banners with statements that all meat products are "British." I have visited the meat counters in the major grocery stores in Leeds, the UK's 3rd largest metropolitan area, and never once saw non-British meat. The only exception would be packaged bacon from Denmark. Leeds is in Yorkshire and milk goes one step further: it is labeled as a Yorkshire product. Cereals have a seal stating that the ingredient grain is British. Europe distinguishes as to country of origin. Are they simply all about increased costs--which you attribute to MCOOL--or is there possibly another reason for their labeling?
Sorry to break off the discussion Chuck, but I had to attend Mass. That brings up an interesting thought, what if the government said that we could no longer distinguish the church we chose to attend, what if we were only allowed to say is we attend CHURCH. I would bet that the public would rise up and demand that the citizens were allowed to know which church they were attending. Oh and by the way I would also bet that if you asked them if they are willing to pay more for this information, to know which church they are attending, they will tell you it is none of your business.
Chuck, you earn your living by selling advertizing on you website and your publication. Why don't you tell your advertisers they can no longer put the names of the company on their ads. They can only advertize the generic product. Your income would dry up quickly. Instead you want your advertisers to distinguish them selves and you what to make sure that your readers can CLEARLY distinguish your advertiser from the rest of the products being sold in the market place. Chuck you are in the unique position to help serve all producers and profit handsomely from it. Or you can chose to carry the agenda for the few and hope you are not discard in the end. The choice is yours
NCBA and AMI have had defeat without question. Go to these links: First U.S. District Court Judge Jacksons ruling at https://ecf.dcd.uscourts.gov/cgi- bin/show_public?doc?2013cv1033-48 and the link on the court challenge at www.cadc.uscourts.gov/recordings/recordings.nsf/ the case number is 13-5281 for January 9th,2014. All you have to do is listen to the debate and the truth is pretty evident. When NCBA is worried about the "2.1 Billion in Exports" and we are concerned about the 85 BILLION in USA market value in 2012 according to USDA, who would you care to support! CASE CLOSED NCBA / AMI LOSE Big time!!
I forgot one BIG lie that has been told: What about the NCBA lie "Mandatory Country of Origin Labeling caused "STEEP DISCOUNTS TO OUR PRODUCERS AND PREJUDICES AGAINST OUR LARGEST TRADING PARTNERS". Show me the discounts in the last 12 months? I would agree that if you have captive supplies and are a captive feeder for a packer, you may be getting steep discounts but for those of us who buy and sell in auctions the prices have never been better for producers. It is too bad these issues don't make the front page of the packer puppet papers!
Many consumer focus groups have shown time and time again over many years, that consumers want to know FARM/RANCH of origin, not simply country. R-CALF and other COOL proponents DID NOT ALLOW the most desired information, farm or ranch of origin, to be included in the law. FACT: there are MANY beef brands labelled as to country of origin available in grocery stores all over the country. A few: Laura's Lean, Ranchers Reserve, Harris Ranch, and many, many more. The GOVERNMENT did NOT have to do it, Private Enterprise promoting ranchers and grocers DID IT! There is NO better way to provide what consumers want than that. FACT: All contracts for Beef Checkoff projects are on a cost recovery only basis, no profit allowed. There IS separation of Dues/Policy Division and Federation of State Beef Councils Divisions of NCBA. Both financially, and in voting.
Maxine, I was wandering when you were going to join in. It seem to me the Beef Checkoff was deemed by the Supreme Court to be GOVERNMENT SPEECH, so much for letting the market decide. It looks like COOL could be deemed as government speech as well. I would think that all labeling put in place by the government could be considered government speech. As for the checkoff and NCBA, 99% the federation directors are NCBA dues paying members. The 10 federation members on the Operating Committee (the committee that decides who win the contracts) are NCBA dues paying members. The Implementation AR's (Authorization Request or contract) and sub-contractors are not cost recovery. When the state beef councils send $10 million to NCBA/Federation this is not cost recovery and NCBA can spend the $10 million however they see fit. And I don't mean the Federation can spend the $10 million, because the Federation doesn't have a check book I mean NCBA. The CEO and the CFO are the same indivuals for both the NCBA/Policy and NCBA/Federation. Further more 17 state beef councils are two hat states, which means they share their staff and facilities with the NCBA state affliate. Hang on Maxine it is going to get interesting. In 2009 NCBA over shot the bid for the Implementation AR for Consumer Information by 21% or $441541, in 2010 by 9% or $179,661, in 2011 by 20% or $393,562, in 2012 by 40% or $614,998. NCBA makes sure that the excess is used on other AR's that they want to do. By over shooting the cost of the AR it allows NCBA to control the money while other contractors are budgeted out. So much for cost recovery. Maxine you do an excellent job of repeating NCBA's talking points, but when it comes to the FACTS not so much.
So in regards to who represents the most. The previous USDA census said there is 720000 beef producers. So take everybody's DUES PAYING members only and if anyone is a member of more then one they only have there name in one time. Only take the beef producer memberships as well. The NCBA, R-CALF, USCA, National Farmers Union, and American Farm Bureau would probably represent only half if that of those 720000. Which means the majority of producers chose NOT to be a member.
In regard to the checkoff popularity. The NCBA did a survey of roughly 1200 producers it said that over 70% support the checkoff. Using the census number of 720000 producers, that means they surveyed .0017 percent of the producers..... I think it's safe to say that "survey" is bullsh*# If it is so popular then you who want it can give more then a $1 per head and support a generic product. There is no cap on how much per head you can give. To find out how popular it is make it voluntary and see how it does, oh wait that's right then your precious NCBA will go broke I am sorry. Hell I know let's have a referendum to see what producers want.
Here is some more information to think about. The checkoff was suppose to increase demand and profitability. Before the checkoff the pounds of beef per capita was 70+ now it's 50+ that's a decrease!!! The number of ranchers, feeders, and packers has also dropped. It has FAILED! Those of you who will say it has increased exports well look at the numbers again. The USA cow herd is at its smallest since the 1940's and we haven't feed our own USA demand since the 1950's that shows us that we have a HUGE problem in our industry and it's getting worse because we are becoming like the chicken and pork industry. In regards to COOL fine end the program and the only thing the label can say is BEEF, CHICKEN, PORK, FISH, LAMB. Sorry packers none of your names on there. I would say even take the name of what cut it is off to but, then our checkoff wouldn't see the benefit of letting pork use beefs cut names. I mean that has to go down in the books as one of the greatest ideas ever to let your competitor use your names.
As a customer and not a raiser of cattle, when do I get my say in this hoop de doo? I know where my shrimp come from, I know where my Fuji apples come from and I want to know where my meat comes from. Do any of you realize it is me that keeps you in business? Let's let it progress to where you actually put where the stuff comes from and see how I, the consumer accepts it. My guess is the NCBA would be upset because the ones labeled USA would do better in this country and they were fighting a right that the customer wanted.
Craig thanks for jumping in. Well said. You are spot on.
Craig thanks for jumping in. Well said. You are spot on.
How many names does Bill Bullard use to write these blogs. R-CALF and self named Independent Cattlemen are losing support and are desperate for attention. They do not like government intrusion in their operations yet they had politicians in Washington sneak the COOL legislation past the cattlemen's wish. Most of the people in Washington that worked on and signed the legislation had never hauled hay to a cow or saved a freezing newborn. R-CALF calls these allies!!!!
Figures(statistics) don't lie but they may be twisted beyond truth. One blogger commented on a statistical analysis indicating it not to be correct. If one had ever studied statistics they realize that statistics are drawn from representative sample not a vote on a given outcome. You could take any one of these blogs and find flaws in the numbers presented.
Kenny you forgot to list one of your best allies. The HSUS otherwise known as the Humane Society of the US. A very radical anti meat production group. R-CALF enlists the help of anyone that will help gain their place at the podium. Desperation is difficult to overcome.
LR you imply that HSUS and R-CALF work together. This proves again that misinformation is what you have read and believe. I am sure that you are referring to the Mike Calicrate and OCM lawsuit that HSUS is helping on, well R-CALF USA has had nothing to do with nor are they participating in it and that is a FACT. Another thing in Nebraska the Nebraska Farmers Union formed a working group with HSUS they invited R-CALF and their state affiliate Independent Cattlemen of Nebraska (ICON) to be apart of the group they both said NO!!! Last proof that they haven't been working with HSUS. R- CALF went to the aid of one of the packers who was trying to start horse slaughter again. HSUS filed a lawsuit and R-CALF went to aid the packer and no I didn't stutter they aided the packer NOT HSUS. Oh one more thing this isn't Bill I am from North Central Nebraska my name is Joe.
LR get the facts straight it was OCM that worked with HSUS.
LR I almost forgot. I support COOL because I haul hay and save calves and my cattle are ALL product of USA and I am dam proud of that! You must haul hay and save calves that are a product of North America. Support your country and the people who live and work in it and especially those who have payed the ultimate sacrifice for ALL of us.
You nailed it Craig, origin information has been on the label since 2009. For the past 4 1/2 to 5 years your beef has been labeled. And for the last 4 months its been labeled with born, raised and harvested origin. But beef demand has remained unchanged. What does that say when this program hasn't affected demand and consumers are unaware it exists? It says price and appearance are still driving the cart. That's not just a guess.
Wow, I walk away from this for a few days and the comment section explodes! I think that supports my comment about COOL. I will stay with my statement that it should stand on its own, not be buried in the Farm Bill. I've always been against bill with a lot of attached outriders, especially those that don't have anything or very little to do with the bill. It allows legislators 'plausible deniability' when they're called out on their legislative actions during their next campaign. And let me restate emphatically for those small minds who have suggested that my comments are bought and paid for by advertisers. They are my own. Period. If you disagree with what I write, respond with facts and figures not ad hominem statements. If questioning my integrity is how you want to respond, kindly take it elsewhere until you have something intelligent to say.
A very immature comment and more than a little counting chickens before they hatch, as it has not been implemented yet, and Canada/Mexico have not yet decided how to punish US. Markets go up and go down, and you have no evidence of any kind that the current market has anything to do with COOL. "Program Costs" aren't being "absorbed" - yet. As to your snark, you sound very much like the Obama Administration regarding ObamaCare as "the law of the land", that they're now desperately delaying and modifying (on their own) due to the massive failure it's shown itself to be. Legislation can be passed and it can be repealed. That's the American way, komrade.
COOL without question has had more to do with the producers price than the Checkoff has! Let's see, the checkoff has been since?? and the COOL (even flawed by the packers and their puppets) since 2008 (truth is that it started in 1996, when I left the others who didn't report about the impact of imported cattle). Oh some probably weren't out of the packer college by then when fats were 58.00 and we were all told we had "OVERPRODUCED AND THERE WAS NO DEMAND"... Just another "little lie" hiding the cost of imports.. Sorry to burst your bubble to those who don't get it but history doesn't lie. What it does do is it repeats itself if left unchecked.
You must shop in a different type of store than I do. At my stores it hasn't and it doesn't.
My clothes have ID tag for country production. Why would we not want to know where the food we eat was produced? What is there to be so afraid of NCBA?
I have no idea what you're talking about. Would you clarify?
Yvonne, my question was directed to Craig.
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Nik Peachey's curator insight, August 18, 3:57 AM
Nice article with some good tools to help slow down and make your reading more engaging.
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Why Speed Reading Is Problematic
By using an RSVP app or even going through a speed-reading course, you can increase the number of words that you can read from 200 or 300 per minute up to and over 1,000. But there's one serious drawback – comprehension takes a huge hit. Absorbing and internalizing the information that you're reading takes time, and it often requires that you go back and re-read parts of passages to fully grasp their meaning.
In speed reading competitions, participants routinely only understand 50% of the text that they're reading, which is far too low for learning important lessons or appreciating a piece of literature. Some experts even believe that speed reading a tweet would result in lower comprehension, and that's only 140 characters.

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Wednesday, September 24, 2014
Bill Plaschke apparently only hates acts of aggression when Yasiel Puig is involved
This morning we saw Bill Plaschke get the vapors over Yasiel Puig "clearing benches, raising tempers, risking everything" in "a first-inning plunking incident that nearly started a brawl." This was bad, see, because the brawl could've injured someone or gotten someone suspended and represented an irresponsible loss of cool. Bad, Puig. BAD, BAD Puig!
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could me a sign that Martin is gaining some popularity. Good sign for growth!
could me a sign that Martin is gaining some popularity. Good sign for growth!
I hope so. The newer offerings are sweet shooters.
'14 ChillR 28.5"/74# Extreme Recon sight,Schaffer Opposition rest,LS modular stab, Beman ICS Hunter 340
There's plenty of fine bow makers out there - it always amazes me when someone says "I'll only use brand X" or "brand Y is junk"....you get the same thing with rifles/calibers, etc - brand loyalty is a crazy thing. The fact is, you need to shoot something that YOU like and will get the job done. Ironically, I bought the Bengal without ever holding one in my hands, but my brother shoots a Moab, I liked it and the Bengal looked even cooler, so it was a no brainer for me.
My Bengal shoots wicked - quiet, smooth and feels great in my hand. Any accuracy issues at this point can be blamed on the operator!
I'm totally stoked about the bow and will be warming it up on a couple of blackies come Spring.
Any of you newer members that I've missed in sending a welcome, let me welcome you all to our favorite archery site.
Martin 06 Slayer, Nitrous C, shoot thru, 63lb, Quiktune 3000, HAA OL 5519, Beman ICS Hunter
Martin 06 Slayer, Nitrous C, Shoot thru, 55lb, Quiktune 3000, HHA OL 5519 2X, Easton A/C/C
Ben Pearson 1968 'Cougar' 62" 45#s @ 28" recurve, parallel shaft POC, Zwickey 'Eskimo' 2 blade
Welcome to all newbies! AT sucks. I seldom go there anymore and am seriously contemplating deleting the site from my bookmark toolbar. Too much drama over there and not much a smalltime Martin shooter like me gets for replies cause I am not spending as much money as the other trolls over there .
I haven't been here a while guys and I appologize. I tend to be on one forum for a while then hit another forum for a while. If I had anything better to do I wouldn't be here now lol. Hate winter!!
Lately I have been spending alot of time over at Rimfirecentral (another fantastic site!). I have been doing a trigger job on my 10-22. I haven't picked up my bows since last fall. But that's the way I am. Waiting for some warmer weather to get back out and shoot with my wife. Glad I saw this thread! Martin will not disappoint!!! Great bow! Good price! EXCELLENT customer service!!
Martin Silencer,Nitrous cams, NAP Apache rest, Tru Glo sight
Martin Speed Demon, Z Cams, NAP drop away rest, Extreme sight
Gold Tip shafts, Twister vanes, NAP Shockwaves


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About 12 to 18 months ago I received a request to use one of my images in a book via flickr in return for a free copy of the book and credit for the image, to which I gave my permission and dually sent a high Res image and filled in their written permission form. Well surprise surprise a copy of the book came through the post with my image and title credits inside.
Happy snapping Aidy
Link to flickr image.


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Everything came just as promised. The fabric match to our ample was good. The mounting was easy, just screw the header into the top of the window. It would have been nice to have mounting brackets, but for the price I can't complain. The only thing I would like to see different is the pull's, they come from behind the curtain which makes it difficult to lower the shades some times.
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We have bought from Select Blinds before, so we expected much better than we got with these topdown-bottom up blinds. The hardware is horribly cheap. It malfunctions daily or at best the blinds hang crooked without careful operation. We had to restring one blind due to crossed cords (trust me, I've made romans before). Fabric is puckered, valance pulls away from wall... Ugh!
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Apple Seedlings
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1 Thesis of James Alfred Marks- 1911 Apple Seedlings By way of'introduction, and as a matter of interest, I desire to call attention to the large number of valuable seedlings that have originated in Northwest Arkansas. Horticulturists are waking up to the fact that we have given more valuable seedlings to the world than any other part of our own horticulturists. Very few,if any,have been produced as the result of some definite idea to originate a variety, and as a result, also,of intelligent planting,care,and selection. By far the vast majority may be 'accounted for under the head of chance seedlings; their origination was due only partly, if at all, to the work of man. In practically all instances, man's part has consisted only in the discovery of the variety. At present, Prof. Beach of Iowa, and Mr. N. E. Hanson of South Dakota are conducting some work along this line of apple-breeding, but in the past,little has been done along this line. It is true that many persons,particularly the early pioneers, saved their seeds and planted them; but it was not with the expectation of obtaining anything new. Their action, was due to'the mistaken ilea that like always begets like, and they thought, for instance, that an extra fine Elberta peach seed would produce that kind of tree. We have here in Arkansas a particularly favorable environment for the origination of varities, so much so, that Mr. Vandeman once called Arkansas the seedling ground of America, and jokingly remarked that while in most places one valuable seedling from one thousand seeds was considered a good result, down in Arkansas
Object Description
|Apple Seedlings
|Marks, James Alfred
|James Alfred Marks' report on apple seedlings written in 1911.
|Apples; Apple trees; Arkansas; Seed trade;
|University of Arkansas at Fayetteville Libraries, Special Collections Department.
|1 Thesis of James Alfred Marks- 1911 Apple Seedlings By way of introduction, and as a matter of interest, I de- sire to call attention to the large number of valuable seedlings that have originated in Northwest Arkansas. Horticulturists are waking up to the fact that we have given more valuable seedlings to the world than any other part of our own horticulturists. Very few, if any, have been produced as the result of some definite idea to originate a variety, and as a result, also, of intellig- ent planting, care, and selection. By far the vast majority may be accounted for under the head of chance seedlings; their orig- ination was due only partly, if at all, to the work of man. In practically all instances, man's part has consisted only in the discovery of the variety. At present, Prof. Beach of Iowa, and Mr. N. E. Hanson of South Dakota are conducting some work along this line of apple-breeding, but in the past, little has been done along this line. It is true that many persons, particularly the early pioneers, saved their seeds and planted them; but it was not with the expectation of obtaining anything new. Their action, was due to the mistaken idea that like always begets like, and they thought, for instance, that an extra fine Elberta peach seed would produce that kind of tree. We have here in Arkansas a particularly favorable environment for the origination of varieties, so much so, that Mr. Vandeman once called Arkansas the seedling ground of America, and joking- ly remarked that while in most places one valuable seedling from one thousand seeds was considered a good result, down in Arkansas 2 nine hundred and ninety-nine out of each thousand were promising. Certain it is, we have records of some most remarkable cases, such as that of Mr. Coffelt, mentioned in my report, who obtained four from the seeds of one apple. With conditions so favorable here,someone should surely take up work along this line. As the reward, as well as the service rendered is great, one that enjoys this kind of work may, by in- telligent, scientific effort, produce something truly worth while. Nor does this apply to apples alone. There are great oppor- tunities in other fruits, particularly peaches. Fame and riches will come to him who can produce a hardier Elberta peach. Before beginning my report proper, I wish to say that I was handicapped by entering school at a late date, and could only se- cure samples of those seedlings that were in storage for winter. This subject was chosen for the reason that Prof. Stinson's report needed bringing up to date. About thirty varieties, with a few changes, were obtained from his report. A few also, were obtained from W. H. Reagan's "Nomenclature of the Apple" and from the reports of the Pomologist, U.S. Dept. of Agriculture. I ob- tained the history of the Reagan and Orphan seedlings from the Ark. State Horticulture Society reports. A few supposed seedlings were found on investigation to be old varieties that had been re- introduced. There are over sixty varieties presented and as the information on some of them was very meager, the report is not as complete as it would have been, had I been able to do some work on it last Fall. 3 Arkansas ( Mammoth Black twig ).-Origin, the Wm. Crawford farm, Rheas Mill, Arkansas, from seeds planted in 1833 or 1834. The original tree was 67 years old at the time Professor Stin- son made his report in 1898. At that time, the largest trunk measure of the tree was 7 feet 4 inches in circumference, and at the smallest point below the limbs, 6 feet, 7 inches. This var- iety appears to be a light bearer in this section, and for this reason it cannot be advised for commercial plantings. This ap- ple was at one time thought to be identical with the Paragon, but they are now conceded to be distinct varieties, as the true Paragon originated in Tennessee. Fruit large, very regular, roundish, conical; surface green- ish yellow, mostly covered with solid dark to black red on sun- ny side; dots distinct, numerous, mostly minute, whitish; cavity regular, obtuse, large stellate russet patch; stem very short; basin shallow, nearly smooth; calyx closed; segments connivent. Core clasping, half open; cells obovate, slit; tube funnel-shaped; stamens marginal; seeds rather few, short, plump; flesh yellow with yellow veinings, firm, juicy, subacid, very good. Winter. Arkansas Beauty.-An apple not grown to any great extent, and has not proven valuable. Fruit large, regular, roundish oblate; surface yellow mostly, or entirely covered with rather dull red stripes and splashes; dots obscure, numerous,very minute, brown; cavity obtuse, regular with some stellate russet; stem long, slender; basin smooth,a- brupt, medium deep; calyx closed; segments erect, convergent. Core wide open, abaxile; cells ovate, slit, with much cellular exudate; tube conical; stamens median; seeds many, rounded, plump, short, rather small; flesh yellow, fine-grained, very juicy, tender, plea- 4 sant, spicy subacid; very good to excellent. Winter. Arkansas Belle.-Originated in orchard of Mr. D. Branch- comb of Rhea, Arkansas, who is confident that this is a seedling. However it resembles Gano closely, and may be identical with it. For the present, at least until the variety fruits in other local- ities and more is known of it, it will not pay to plant it when trees of Gano can be easily obtained. The tree in nursery resem- bles Gano. Arkansas Black.- Originated on the farm of Mr. Brathwait, west of Bentonville, in Benton County, Arkansas. I was told by Mr. Goree of Springdale, that when Mr. Brathwait returned home in 1865, after an absence of four years, he found a tree in his seedlings row with quite a number of apples on it. This was the original Ark- ansas Black tree. It has since attracted a great deal of attention on account of its very dark color, but has proven to be a rather shy bearer. Like the Winesap of which it is probably a seedling, it requires good treatment to be profitable. Fruit medium; surface smooth, solid dark red to black; cavity regular, small to medium; basin shallow; flesh yellow, fine-grained, juicy; quality very good. Winter. Arkansas Pippin.-Fruit very large; flavor acid; use mar- ket; season very late. Ashton.-The original tree stands in Mr. Marshall's orchard a few miles east of Cincinnati. It is very productive, bearing heavy crops annually. The tree resembles the Winesap somewhat, but it branches more freely, and the branches are more slender. Fruit small to medium, roundish, uneven; surface yellow, high- ly colored, covered with dark red, sometimes nearly black; stem medium to long; cavity usually marked with a lip, russeted; 5 skin thick; dots minute and light; core small to medium; flesh finegrained, white to slightly yellow, tender; flavor sweet, good to very good; early winter. Beach (Lady Pippin, Richardson Red, Apple of Commerce).- About 1870, Oliver Young, a local nurseryman, furnished scions of this apple to Mr. Highfill for grafting, and he called it Lady Pippin. Later, some scions of the same variety were obtained from him, but were known as Richardson Red, thus giving rise to some confusion in regard to the nomenclature of this variety. This var- iety has become popular on account of its productivity and good keeping qualities; however,there are so many better varieties that a poor quality apple of this type can hardly be recommended. Fruit medium to large, roundish, slightly conical, irregular; surface greenish yellow, almost wholly covered with mixed and marbled rather light red, with broad splashes of darker crimson; dots few obscure, minute, whitish; cavity regular, rather narrow, medium deep, with considerable radiating russet; stem medium; bas- in shallow to very shallow, distinctly ribbed, with small promin- ences around calyx, sometimes deeply corrugated; calyx closed; segments connivent; core closed, clasping; cells ovate, slit, much exudate; tube funnel-shaped; stamens median; seeds few, plump; flesh yellowish, firm, rather coarse-grained, subacid, good. Late winter. Brightwater.- An apple fruiting in orchards near Avoca, and it is said to be a promising apple by those fruiting it. It has not been extensivel/ planted. The apple is fairly attractive, and a good keeper. 6 Fruit large, round, conical, with a greenish yellow surface, somewhat mottled with russet, and heavily splashed, striped, and shaded, with dull red; minute dots, yellow and brown; skin thick; flesh greenish yellow, fine-grained, juicy; core large, conical, closed, clasping; calyx tube very long; seed few, large, pointed, brown; subacid, good; season winter. Carter,- Fruit medium to large; roundish; surface smooth yellow, covered with a bright red, very highly colored; dots rath- er indistinct; cavity irregular, medium, abrupt, russeted; stem short, stout; basin small, corrugated, slope medium; eye closed; flesh yellowish, fine, mild subacid, very good; a fine apple; season winter. Coffelt. -Originated by Mr. Wyatt Coffelt, near Mason's Valley, southwest of Bentonville, in Benton County. -It is highly spoken of by some as a desirable variety to plant in place of Limbertwig. Fruit medium to large, roundish, oblate; cavity regular, smooth, medium depth, gradual slope; basin medium, rather abrupt, corrugated; eye open; surface smooth; ground color yellow splash- ed and streaked with rather dull red; dots small; flesh greenish yellow, rich, tender; flavor mild subacid, very good; winter. Collins (Collins Red, Champion Red, Coss' Champion, Cham pion).- Originated about 47 years ago, on the old Merriman farm, one mile south of Mr. Geo. Collin's nursery. Mr. Collins was the first to notice the superiority of this variety, and be- gan grafting this apple in 1886. It was named Collins in honor of the introducer, and this is unquestionably the proper name. It is 7 very productive and a good keeper, but does not make a good orchard tree and is somewhat deficient in quality. Fruit medium or above, roundish, oblate; surface greenish yellow., shaded and striped with red; surface covered with light dots; stem long, or medium; cavity deep , usually smooth and green; sometimes slightly russeted; basin large, regular, rather deep and abrupt, slightly corrugated; flesh solid, light yellow, moderately coarse, juicy and good; winter. Crawford ( Crawford Co. Pippin ).- Originated near Boones- boro, Arkansas, and is not spoken highly of by growers in that vicinity. It has not proven a good bearer and has not been exten- sively propogated. Fruit medium to large, roundish and somewhat oblate; surface smooth, deep yellow, blushed and striped ,vith red on one side; dots medium, numerous; cavity narrow to medium, abrupt, russeted; stem short, stout; basin medium to shallow, medium slope, smooth; good; season early winter. Dark Red (Dark Red Seedling).- Fruit medium large; color red; flesh firm; quality very good; use kitchen and market; season winter. Elkhorn.-Originated on the old battleground of Pea Ridge, Arkansas, near Elkhorn Tavern, and was given the name from that fact. It was brought to notive by G.F.Kennan, of Brightwater, Arkansas, in the fall of 1866, and promises well. Fruit large to very large, oblate, not conic, regular; surface yellowish, veil covered with rather dull mixed red and darker stripes; dots numerous, very large, light gray, on distinct and lighter bases; basin large, closed or nearly so; cavity wide. deep, heavily russeted, stem very short, slender; core large, clasping, open; seeds large flat, dark colored; flesh yellowish, 8 firm, a little coarse, juicy, very good; winter. Etris.- This variety is claimed to be a seedling, and it may be one, but it resembles Gano so closely that there seems to be no reason for keeping the varities distinct. Prof. Stinson, in his bulletin, seems to think that the two varieties are identical. Etris is grown to a considerable extent in Benton County. Evans.-(Walkers Sweet).- Originated near Lowell, Benton County, Ark, on farm of Martin K. Walker. This is a sweet apple of considerable merit; a good keeper. Fruit medium to large, oblate, conic; cavity medium, irregul- ar deep; stem medium to long, stout; basin large, regular, slight- ly furrowed, abrupt; surface smooth, yellow, splashed and striped with a very thin covering of red, giving the apple a light color; dots gray, scattered; flesh yellowish firm, rather tought; mild subacid to sweet; late winter. Extra.- (Extra Ben Davis).- Fruit large; color yellow striped with red; qualify good; season late. Gill (Gills Beauty).- Originated by Mr. Wyatt Ooffelt, near Mason's Valley, Beaton County, Ark. I was told by Mr. Gore, of Springdale, that this was one of the four valuable seedlings ob- tained from the seed of one Ben Davis Apple. The three others were the Coffelt, Martha Washington, and Western Beauty. Although this apple is somewhat subject to the Bitter Rot, it is a good bearer, and from what experience I have had with the variety I am confident that it will prove valuable. Fruit large to very large, roundish oblate; regular; cavity regular, narrow, medium deep, abrupt; stem medium; basin shallow, slightly corrugated; eye nearly closed; surface smooth, greenish yellow, nearly covered with red; a fine appearing apple; dots 9 small: skin tough; flesh nearly white, coarse, juicy, and sub- acid; core rather large; quality good to very good; season winter. Florence.-Originated on the farm of Mr. Buchanan, Benton- ville, Ark. Mr. W. E. Buchanan has a large orchard of it in bearing, and it is quite extensively grown. There seems to be some doubt of its being a seedling, however. Fruit medium, roundish, oblong; cavity narrow, acute, very slightly russeted; calyx closed, small; basin narrow, abrupt, medium; core large, open; surface yellow, covered and splashed and somewhat striped with red; dots many, minute, white; flesh yellowish, rich mild, subacid, tender, very fine-grained; sea- son with Jonathan. Givens( Arkansas Baptist ).- Originated on the farm of Mr John Givens in whose honor it was named. I understood that he call- ed it Ark. Baptist for the reason that he thought only Baptists would reach Heaven. This is a very productive, uniform, and splend- id keeping variety, The trees bear young, and the fruit is very free from disease and blemishes of all kinds. The fruit should be left on until late fall, as this improves the quality and appearance of the variety. Fruit small to medium, oblate, irregular or nearly regular, surface yellow, almost or completely washed and striped with dark red and dark crimson; dots numerous, gray, indistinct; cavity deep, broad, flaring, slightly grooved or wavy, stellate russet; stem medium to long, moderately stout; basin smooth, deep, broad cupped, slightly leather-cracked, calyx closed; core med- ium, open, clasping; cells slit; tube funnel shaped; stamens median; flesh whitish yellow, very firm, rather coarse; mild subacid, good; late winter. 10 Gold.- Fruit medium, elongated conical; surface a rich golden yellow, from which it derives its name; dots russet; cav- ity medium to deep, large, slope gradual, russeted; basin shallow, calyx partially open; flesh yellow, fine-grained, tender, juicy; very good; slightly subacid; core small; early winter. Hatley.- Fruit regular, medium, oblate conic, somewhat un- equal and oblique; surface neither smooth not very rough, yellow, nearly covered with bright and dark red splashed and striped with russet over gray; dots numerous, irregular, russet, prominent; cavity deep, abrupt, regular, green or russet striped; stem short, to medium; basin medium, abrupt, regular, leather-cracked; eye closed; core pointed, small, closed and clasping; seeds many, broad, plump, dark brown; flesh yellow, fine-grained, tender, melting, juicy, and rich; flavor rich, aromatic, very good to best; season November, and will probaoly be a good keeper north- ward. An excsilent apple to eat out of hand. Harding ( Harding Seedling).-Originated by R. B. Wilson Goshen, Ark. The specimens that I obtained were not very attractive but Mr. Wilson informs me that they were immature when gathered. I understand that the variety is productive, and took first premium at the Washington County Fair for best seebling exhibited. Fruit large, roundish oblate, unequal, irregular; surface dull green, obscurely striped with red on exposed side; cavity medium depth, rounded, abrupt, narrow, with some stellate russet; stem short; basin shallow, nearly smooth; calyx close! or partly open; core medium, clasping; tubs funnel-shaped; stamens median; flesh whitish green, moderately firm, coarse-grained, pleasant subacid; good to very good; winter. 11 Heiges ( Red Limbertwig).- A variety of considerable merit; tree vigorous and productive, somewhat on the Limbertwig order. Fruit medium or above, roundish conical; stem small, medium to long; cavity medium, sometimes russeted; basin shallow, small; surface yellow, covered with red, sometimes highly colored; dots minute, numerous near calyx; flesh fine-grained, yellow, tender; mild subacid, very good to best; early winter. It is grown to consider- able extent in this state. Highfill.- Originated by Mr. Highfill, near Springtown. He says that the seed was planted about 1875. It is a seedling of Ben Davis; the tree is an early bearer and very productive. Fruit medium to large, roundish conic; stem medium; cavity deep, acuminate, lipped and russeted; basin deep, narrow, abrupt; surface yellow, splashed and covered with red, highly colored; heavy bloom; flesh white to yellow, tender, mild subacid, good; season winter. Highfill Seedling.- This has been used to some extent as synonym for the Highfill, but i am confident that the Smith Cider has also been circulated under this name. I don't believe that there is a distinct variety known as the Highfill Seedling. Holt (Holt's Seedling).- Originated on the Holt Farm, sit- uated in the western part of this country . Tree a good bearer. Fruit large, oblate, conical; stem medium; cavity deep, wide, irregular, russeted; basin deep, very narrow; color greenish yel- low, splashed with a dull red and sometimes striped with a darker shade; dots numerous, small, russet; flesh greenish yellow, solid, crisp, medium to fine-grained, juicy; subacid; good; winter. Howard Sweet.- This variety is said to have originated on the farm of Mr. Howard, of Cincinnati, Ark. The tree was brought from the Holt nursery about the close of the war, and this tree is said 12 to be still standing on the Howard place. It is productive, large, highly colored, and probably will prove a good market variety. It is claimed by some that the apple is identical with Lady Sweet, while others say that it is not, and as there are no trees of Lady Sweet in this section we have been unable to make a comparison of the fruit from the same locality. In any case it will pay those in search of a sweet apple to grow it. Hurne.- Fruit round, medium; color yellow, overspread with red striped with crimson; flesh firm, crisp, juicy, yellow; flavor subacid; use, desert; season, late fall. King David.-This splendid variety originated on the farm of Mr. Frost near Durham, Ark. Mr. Buxton brought in samples of this seedling to Prof. Walker, who at once recognized its value. In 1898 the tree bore its first crop, about one peck of apples. It bore each succeeding year up to 1901, when it yielded one and one-half bushels. The growth of the tree is vigorous, strong, and spreading; the foliage a dark green. The variety is product- ive, and very promising. To some persons, the fruit leaves a noticeably bitter tang in the mouth after eating. Its color and shape would indicate that it was a cross between the Jonathan and Arkansas Black. Fruit meaium to large, roundish oblate, ground color yellow, overspread with a deep, rich, red, and distinctmarkings of very dark red; stem medium; cavity medium deep, acute, wavy; basin rather shallow, wavy; flesh yellowish white, tender juicy, sub- acid, very good; use, desert and market; season with Jonathan. Kossuth.- I understand this variety originated near Rhea's Mill, Ark. Fruit medium to small, oblate; color green, overspread with red; flesh white, tender, crisp, subacid; quality very good; season late. 13 Logan.- This is a beautiful apple that attracts much at- tention at the fruit shows. Promises to be a fine market apple, and a good keeper. Fruit medium, roundish oblate; stem rather short to medium; cavity deep, usually lipped; basin medium, sloping, ribbed; color red or perhaps better, bright crimson on yellow ground; skin smooth, oily; flesh solid, yellowish, tender, good, subacid, nearly acid. Martha Washington.- Originated on the farm of Mr. Wyatt Coffelt, near Mason's Valley, Ark. Fruit medium to large, roundish oblate; surface yellow, strip- ed with dull red, unattractive; flesh tender, very juicy; qual- ity very good; subacid; late. Mock (Mocks Winter).- Originated on the farm of Mr. James Mock of Prairie Grove, Ark. This variety received some prom- inence in receiving the award of first premium at Fort Smith, some years ago. Fruit large, roundish, slightly conic; cavity medium in size and depth, with a very large lip on one side, often extending further over than the base of the apple; stem long, medium to stout; skin smooth; color greenish yellow, covered with dark red, highly colored; surface covered with dots; flesh yellowish, tinged with red, fine-grained, crisp, and moderately juicy, sub- acid, good; winter. Nebo.- Mr. Geo. Collins, Bhea's Mill, says that the ori- ginal tree of this variety came up from the root of a Jenette tree. It is of more value as a curiosity, than as an apple to grow for profit. The description of the apple is from the re- 14 port of the Pomologist of the department of Agriculture for the year 1895: "Elongated, conical, unequal; large; moderately smooth having fine russet patches over much of the surface; color yel- low washed with red, indistinctly striped with crimson, and overspread with thin russet; dots conspicuous, russet; cavity medium in size and depth, irregular gradual, lipped and russeted; basin medium in size and depth, regular, abrupt, furrowed and russeted; calyx segments very short, separated, reflexed; eye open nearly flat; skin moderately thick, tough; core medium, con- ical, clasping, nearly closed; seeds few, large, short plump, brown; flesh whitish, satiny, fine-grained, tender, moderately juicy; sweet, very rich; very good to best; season, early winter. Oliver (Oliver's Red, Senator).- This variety attracted considerable attention at the World's fair, and later when on exhibition at the Atlanta Exposition. It is grown quite exten- sively. Mr. Geo. Collins says that he got his first scions from trees on Mr. Chas. Miller's farm, and that these trees came from the Holt nursery. He says also, that there is some difference of opinion as to where Mr. Holt got the first stock, but it is claimed by many, and probably correctly, that it came from the Olicer farm. The apple was named Oliver's red, and has been known by that name up to the present time. The variety is subject to cedar rust ant for that reason can not be planted in a locality where this disease is very prevalent. It is productive under good treatment, keeps well ana is a valuable apple for its season. Fruit meaium to large, roundish oblate; stem medium, short and stout; cavity regular, medium, gradual slope ana green color, sometimes slightly russeted; basin wide, deep, rather indistinct- 15 ly corrugated; surface deep yellow, covered with a bright red, finely colored; dots large, russet, conspicuous; skin thick; flesh tinged with red, fine-grained, juicy; flavor mild subacid, sprightly; very good; late fall. Orphan- Originated on the farm of Thomas Bond, south of Fayetteville, Ark. This variety is a good bearer, season about like the Jonathan, but keeps easily until January. Appears to be a very promising variety. Fruit oblong conic to conic; color dark red like Winesap with shaded portion of light yellow, cheek a fine carmine. Ozark.- This variety has not been propogated extensive- ly, but is bearing in several orchards in the northern part of Benton County, and is spoken highly of by some. Fruit large, round, regular, sometimes unequal; surface very smooth, light yellow, covered with suffused bright carmine; dots small, light, on raised bases; basin deep, wide, abrupt, regular; eye small, closed, or nearly so; cavity wide, deep, russeted but little; stem short, slended; core regular, closed; seeds large, long, dark; flesh white, tender, subacid; quality good; season November to December in northwestern Ark. Ozone ( Martin's Red ).- A colored plate of this variety may be found in the report of the Pomologist of the Dept. of Agri. for the year 1895. The apple is known in Madison County as Martin's Red. Specimens of it were sent from Ozone, Ark to the Dept. of Pomology and the name Ozone was given to it. Fruit meaium to large, roundish conical; cavity medium deep, abrupt; some specimens russe'^ed, but most of them green; stem short, stout; basin medium, slightly furrowed; skin tough; sur- face yellow, splashed with crimson, and sometimes indistinctly striped with a darker shade; dots conspicuous; sometimes part of the surface covered with russet; flesh yellowish, very tender, 16 juicy; mild subacid, very good to best; fall ana early winter. Pride of the Mountain.- This is the name given an apple, possibly a seedling, found near Winslow, Ark. Resembles the Maiden Blush, but larger; season August 10th. Fruit medium to large, roundish oblate; cavity medium deep, acute rounded; stem short to medium; stout; basin medium deep, rounded; calyx open; sepals convergent; core clasping; stamens basal; tube cone shaped; cells slightly obovate; color a waxen white with a delicately blushed cheek; season August. Prize Taker.- This variety was sent to me by Stark Bros. Nur- series following a request of mine for Arkansas Seedlings. It took first prize for best new apple before Arkansas Hort. Society. Fruit meuium to large, conic; very deep, rich, red color, no striped; flesh yellow, subacid, very good quality; season with Oliver. A long keeper, strung grower, young, heavy, regular bearer. Reagan Red (Black Ben Davis).- This variety is very similar to Gano, and there has been a great deal of controversy as to its correct origin. The proceedings of the 24th annual session of the Ark. Hort. Society, 1904, gives the results of their investi- gations, and from these it would appear that the Reagan orig- inated on the farm of Rev. Alexander Black in Washington County, Ark. It appears that Mr. Reagan bought the farm from Black be- fore the tree came into bearing. Fruit large, resembling Ben Davis, the skin becoming unctous like that variety; surface a dark solid crimson, light crimson on shaded side, yellow showing through; dots distinct, few, min- ute, yellow; cavity obtuse, medium deep, with stellate russet; stem short; basin deep, abrupt, sharp-rimmed, somewhat ribbed; calyx open; core closed, small, pointed; cells obovate, axile, entire; tube funnel shaped; stamens marginal; flesh yellowish 17 white, moderately juicy, mild, pleasant subacid; good, better than Ben Davis; winter. Red Russet- Fruit medium; color red russet; very good to best; season late. Perhaps the same as Pryor, of which Red Russet is a synonym. Rutherford.- Specimens of this variety were obtained from Mr.Neusch. at Cove Creek, near Hot Springs, by Prof. Stin- son. The variety originated with Dr. Rutherford, of that place. Tree slender in habit, branches long; tree resembles a pear in appearance. Fruit large, oblong; cavity regular, large, deep, abrupt, rus- seted; stem medium, slender; basin small, shallow, abrupt and furrowed; surface smooth, greenish yellow, with very light blush of red.- it is said to be nearly covered with red when left on the tree until late in the season; dots small, thinly scat- tered; flesh yellowish, fine-grained; mild subacid, good; winter. Schoolfield.-A late apple that may have originated in Tennessee. I have not been able to obtain a description and history of this variety. Seedling No. 1.-A description of this variety may be found in the report of the Pomologist, U. S. Dept. of Agricul- ture, year 1891. It was originated by G. H. Horne., Latham, Arkansas. Fruit large, oblong, cylindrical; surface very smooth, of a rich yellow, transparent color; flesh yellow, crisp, juicy, pleasant subacid, with a delightful aroma; quality best; tree a fine grower and an early bearer. Shannon.- Originated near Boonsboro, Washington Co. It is similar to Ohio Pippin, and was originally thought to be iden- tical with it. Even were the two identical, it would be better 18 to adopt the name Shannon as it is so much better known. How- ever those who have closely examined the two varities from the same locality have concluded that they are distinct. Fruit large to very large, roundish oblate, regular, or ap- pearing a little elliptical when viewed from the end; surface very smooth, yellow, occasionally faintly blushed, with a dull overcast of whitish and streaks; dots small, indistinct, white or light gray; stem short, moderately thick; cavity shallow, regular russeted; basin shallow, slightly wavy; eye medium to large, open; core wide, open, clasping; seeds short, plump, dark; flesh yellow, rather coarse, juicy, mild subacid, not rich, good only; season October to February in Ark. Siloam.- Said to have originated near Siloam Springs,Ark. It has not been propagated to any extent, and is of less value than many other varities little grown. Fruit medium, regular, oblate; surface smooth, yellow, about half covered with rather dull stripes and splashes; dots numerous, small, light gray; stem very short; cavity shallow, russeted; ba- sin shallow, regular; eye small, closed; core wide, nearly closed, clasping; seeds small, plump, dark; flesh yellow, fine-grained, juicy; subacid, rich, almost best; season December to spring in Arkansas. Skeleton.- Fruit large, round, conic; surface yellow with stripes; flesh tender, juicy, yellow, rich, subacid, good; season early. Springdale.- (Walker's Seedling).- Originated on the Walk- er farm between Lowell and Springdale. lt was originally known as the Walker Seedling, but the nurseryman by whom it was introduced called it the Springdale. It is of very little value as it is the best substitute for a rock that I know of. Naturally it is a splendid keeper, and it is alee productive. 19 Fruit medium, roundish, oblate; regular; cavity regular some- what russeted, medium depth; stem medium; basin rather shallow; somewhat corrugated; calyx open; surface greenish yellow, splash- ed with dull red and heavier, indistinct, stripes of red; flesh slightly yellow with greenish tinge, very solid, rather tough; subacid, good; winter. Since typing the above I have learned that the Springdale and Walker's Seedling may be distinct. Stevenson Pippin.- Originated with the Cherokee Indians in what is now Pope Co. and was first brought to notice by Mr. Dwight of the Dwight mission, as it was known for a long time. James G. Stevenson, of Crawford County, obtained trees of the variety, propagated and disseminated them, and they are high- ly esteemed wherever known. Tree a vigorous grower, upright, but somewhat spreading with age anu bearing; not an early bearer, but produces heavy and light crops alternately. Prof. Stinson, from whose report the history of the Steven- son Pippin is obtained, gives no description as he says the variety is too well known. It is considered desirable for family orchards. Surecrop.- Fruit large, conic; striped with red; use desert and market; season early. Sweet Ben Davis.- Originated, on the farm of Mr. Garrett Williams, Whitener, Ark. Not particularly valuable. Fruit large, roundish oblate; surface green or yellowish white, overlaid and striped with red and pale crimson; stem medium; cavity broad, sometimes russeted; flesh juicy white; flavor sweet; good; late. Calyx shallow, open. 20 Sweet Black Twig.- This variety originated on the farm of Capt. Geo. T. Lincoln, Bentonville, Benton Co., Arkansas, and took a diploma at the National Horticultural Congress, Council Bluffs, Iowa in 1910. The name was temporarily suggested by Professor E. walker, because of the fact that it resembled the Black Twig in appearance, being however, more attractive. Fruit medium to large, roundish oblate, cavity deep, medium broad, rounded, acute; stem short to medium, moderately stout; basin medium deep, medium broad; tube cone or slightly funnel- shaped; stamens median; core open, clasping; color yellow, over- spread with dark red; flesh yellow, fine-grained, juicy, tender, pleasant, mild subacid, bordering on sweet; good to very good; season winter. Sweet Orange.- Fruit oblate, medium to large; surface pale yellow; flesh yellow, very crisp, juicy, sweet, good; sea- son late. Tunnel (Tunnel's Sweet).- This is a seedling from the orchard of Mr. S. Tunnel near Cincinnati, Arkansas. The tree is thrifty and productive. The description here given is taken from the report of the Assistant Pomo- logist of the Department of Agriculture for the year 1893. Fruit roundish oblate, above medium in size; surface moderately smooth, greenish yellow, striped, shaded and splashed with red, somewhat netted with russet; dots numerous, large, yellow with brown centers; cavity large, regular, deep, gradual slope with green markings; stem long, slender; basin large, regular, deep abrupt, russeted; calyx segments wide, short, meeting over the eye which is large and partially open; skin thick, tough; core small, conical, closed, clasping the eye; seed numerous, plump 21 medium, pointed, dark-brown; flesh yellowish, fine-grained, not very juicy; sweet, aromatic, rich, very good; fall. A delicious sweet apple. Wandering Spy.- I was told by Mr. Goree of Springdale, that this seedling, also originated with Mr. Coffelt of Mason's Valley. Fruit round, conic, medium to large; surface yellow, over- spread with red; flesh juicy, crisp, white, good, subacid; use market; season late. Wagners Improved.- Originated by Mr. Wyatt Coffelt, near Mason's Valley Ark. The name of this variety should be changed as it is already in use. The apple is of the Rome Beauty type. Fruit medium to large, oblate conic; surface yellow, striped with red; stem long; cavity medium deep; surface sometimes rus- seted; flesh yellow, very firm, juicy, good to very good; winter. Wilson.- This variety originated on the farm of I. Her- ring, about three and one-half miles west of Springdale, Ark. Those few who have seen the variety are very enthusiastic over it. Our experience would indicate that the young trees were not very thrifty vigorous growers, as we dug up quite a number on this account. Mr. Goree thinks he would grow this variety nearly altogether, if it were properly introduced. Fruit meuium to large, roundish or somewhat elongated conical; surface smooth, overspread with an even shade of cherry red; stem long; cavity deep; basin medium deep; flesh firm and juicy; quality very good or better; season late fall and early winter. Jonathan type, but claimed to be a better keeper and a heavy bearer. Wyatt .- Origin, the farm of Mr. Wyatt, three miles north 22 of De Queen. Tree a rapid vigorous grower and blooms late. The or- iginal tree had borne twenty crops at twenty-six years of age. Resembles red Astrachan and Kentucky Red. Fruit medium to large, conic; color a deep red; flesh tender and crisp; subacid; season July. Unnamed Seedling- Origin, Mr. Remage farm in Crawford County, on the south slope of the Boston Mountains. Original tree is 16 years old, has borne II crops, in 1910 the crop being thirty bushels. Tree spreading, light colored. Variety Jonathan type. Fruit medium, roundish, regular; surface smooth, yellow, over- spread with an even shade of dark red, striped very obscurely; dots many, minute, whitish; cavity acute, deep, regular; stem medium, slender; basin deep, wavy, very abrupt, medium broad; cal- yx medium, closed; core open, clasping; cells elliptical; tube conical; stamens median; flesh yellow, tender, juicy, rich; mild subacid; quality very good; winter.
Still Image
|Digital Format
|Digital Publisher
|University of Arkansas Libraries, Fayetteville
|Item Location
|Roy Rom Materials (MC 1957), University of Arkansas at Fayetteville Special Collections Department.
|Rights and Reproductions
|It is the responsibility of the user to determine the rights status and secure permissions for the use of this item.
|Digital Exhibit
|Fruit-full Arkansas: Apples
|Apple Seedlings
|Marks, James Alfred
|James Alfred Marks thesis on apple seedlings written in 1911.
|Apples; Apple trees; Arkansas; Research; Seed trade;
|University of Arkansas at Fayetteville Libraries, Special Collections Department.
|1 Thesis of James Alfred Marks- 1911 Apple Seedlings By way of'introduction, and as a matter of interest, I desire to call attention to the large number of valuable seedlings that have originated in Northwest Arkansas. Horticulturists are waking up to the fact that we have given more valuable seedlings to the world than any other part of our own horticulturists. Very few,if any,have been produced as the result of some definite idea to originate a variety, and as a result, also,of intelligent planting,care,and selection. By far the vast majority may be 'accounted for under the head of chance seedlings; their origination was due only partly, if at all, to the work of man. In practically all instances, man's part has consisted only in the discovery of the variety. At present, Prof. Beach of Iowa, and Mr. N. E. Hanson of South Dakota are conducting some work along this line of apple-breeding, but in the past,little has been done along this line. It is true that many persons,particularly the early pioneers, saved their seeds and planted them; but it was not with the expectation of obtaining anything new. Their action, was due to'the mistaken ilea that like always begets like, and they thought, for instance, that an extra fine Elberta peach seed would produce that kind of tree. We have here in Arkansas a particularly favorable environment for the origination of varities, so much so, that Mr. Vandeman once called Arkansas the seedling ground of America, and jokingly remarked that while in most places one valuable seedling from one thousand seeds was considered a good result, down in Arkansas
Still Image
|Digital Format
|Digital Publisher
|University of Arkansas Libraries, Fayetteville
|Item Location
|University of Arkansas at Fayetteville Special Collections Department.
|Rights and Reproductions
|It is the responsibility of the user to determine the rights status and secure permissions for the use of this item.
|Digital Exhibit
|Fruit-full Arkansas: Apples
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Jonathan GoldsteinAlumni, Class of 2004
Since graduating from ITP I have been performing Stand-up comedy at Stand-Up New York, The New York Comedy Club, the Knitting Factory, Burning Man, and Performance Space 122 (P.S. 122). In addition I demonstrated at public schools in North Carolina, California, and Colorado, the PowerSuit, a set of technology encrusted coveralls which I developed at ITP which enable the wearer to trigger audio wirelessly by pressing points on the suit. Lastly, I have been spending oozing slabs of time developing my blog, jonnygoldstein.com


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Mon, 11/07/2011 - 12:30
Bentley is praised for initiating a graduation pledge where students commit to social and environmental responsibility in any future career. This initiative has grown to include thousands of graduating students from many different universities.
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In August 2012, Bentley University debuts The Bentley MBA, a masters of business administration program, making it one of a handful of schools in the nation to develop a dramatically new approach to management education. In today's ever-changing marketplace, organizations are looking to business schools to deliver a new kind of leader -- one who is able to nimbly adapt to social change and identify creative solutions to global issues.
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- Antique Jewelry
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Antique Moonstone Halleys Comet Brooch
From ancient times to the present day jewelry is made to mark a spectacular event ranging from the great discovery of archaeological wonders to the commemoration of an astrological event. The early 18th century discovery of the periodic seventy-five year reappearance of a specific comet by English astronomer Edmund Halley has been memorialized time and time again with examples of comet inspired jewelry.
Examples are dated as early as the 18th century and the style remained in fashion on and off through the 19th century. Almost all of the earlier comet brooches are rather diminutive in size—typically less than 1 inch in length. This late 19th century brooch of 14k yellow gold brazes through the sky in its entire splendor with an estimated 1.5 carat fine oval blue moonstone with strong adularescence at its center. Larger than its earlier brethren, sensuous curves, scrolls and golden orbs send this celestial event straight into today's orbit.
Date: 1890.
Measurements: 1-1/2 inches (3.8 cm) in length by 5/8 inches (1.6 cm) in width. Weight of 3.2 grams (2.0 dwt).
Hallmarks: 585; maker's mark of HF.
Condition: Excellent.
Origin: English.
Note: Gemstone was not removed to preserve the integrity of the setting. Weight is approximated by measurement and formula and may vary from actual weight.
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Be an extreme racing machine in this Voodoo Ride Racer tee. It features a vibrant logo with bold lettering over distressed racer graphics printed across the chest, and a smaller duplicate logo printed on the back yoke for a look that portrays your intimidating speed demon lifestyle!
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While every mother is special, some are just extraordinary in their willingness to help their families and others. If your mom or another mom in your community is deserving of this honor, nominate her. Tell us in 500 words about that special mom, what she does and why she deserves to win the title.
Just fill out the entry form below or email your essay to email@example.com. Or just check the February 2013 issue of Illinois Country Living for the application on page 27.
Mother of the Year Entry Form
[contact-form][contact-field label='Your Email' type='email' required='1'/][contact-field label='Mother%26#039;s Name' type='name' required='1'/][contact-field label='Address' type='text' required='1'/][contact-field label='In which Illinois Electric Co-op territory she resides' type='text' required='1'/][contact-field label='Organizations to which she belongs' type='textarea' required='1'/][contact-field label='Person Nominating Her' type='text' required='1'/][contact-field label='Relationship to nominee' type='text' required='1'/][contact-field label='Your phone number (area code first)' type='text' required='1'/][contact-field label='Nominee%26#039;s Phone Number (area code first)*' type='text'/][contact-field label='500 word essay submission (paste from another program)**' type='textarea' required='1'/][contact-field label='Confirm you are not a spammer.' type='checkbox' required='1'/][/contact-form]
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