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The name of this route refers to a wide border territory that extends to the west of the province of Salamanca in Spain and Portugal. The defense of such areas motivated the construction of a series of fortified towns.
The architectural characteristics of these fortresses are those of the fortified structures that developed in Europe in the XVII and XVIII centuries as a suitable defensive model for cities, enclaves and fortified towns. Start your itinerary in Ciudad Rodrigo around San Felices de los Gallegos, where the remains of a medieval fortress are located. Later you will come to castro de Yecla de Yeltes, where you will encounter a splendid defensive construction from the Iron Age.
To continue the route you will need to return south toward Villar de la Yegua and Villar de Ciervo. We soon arrive at the river Águeda and a recommended stop at the Archaeological Site of Siega Verde where we encounter magnificent paleolithic cave paintings and there is a classroom-museum.
The jewel of the route is located in Aldea del Obispo, maybe the best example of fortified military architecture of the western part of the peninsula: el Fuerte de la Concepción -Fortress of the Conception-. This defensive complex of the XVII and XVIII centuries displays in its different parts all the beauty and strength that allowed it to withstand conflicts with neighbouring Portuguese and French invaders.
A road from the nearby Val de la Mula leads us to Portugal, where we can see similar Portuguese military constructions. It is well worth making a trip to Almeida, Pinhel and Castelo Rodrigo, three fortified towns that once had great strategic importance.
Almeida is a fine example of a buttress system, in perfect state of conservation, integrated within the life and culture of the local inhabitants. The characteristic irregular star-shaped walls have 12 points and a total perimeter length of 2.5 km. Visitors may walk along the top of the walls, in memory of the former military routines. The mediaeval origin of the castles in Pinhel and Castelo Rodrigo, is still evident in their fortified systems, although the castles have been subject to subsequent alterations. During the trip, visitors will be able to appreciate the difference landscape views from the top of these privileged belvederes.
After your visit you may choose to return to Ciudad Rodrigo and conclude the route by visiting the city. Walk along the city walls and enjoy the moats, bridges, etc. A good place to finish your visit is the Centre of Interpretation of the Fortresses located at one of the guard posts. It would be an excellent way to top off the itinerary.
The fascinating countries of the Black Sea region straddle the transition between Europe and Asia.
The Mediterranean Region defies description; so rich is it in dramatic history and bewitching scenery.
Dramatic scenery, winter sports, the northern lights and the midnight sun, saunas, and reindeer.

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U.S. Energy Information Administration - EIA - Independent Statistics and Analysis
World Oil Transit Chokepoints
Last Updated: August 22, 2012
full report
World oil chokepoints for maritime transit of oil are a critical part of global energy security. About half of the world's oil production moves on maritime routes.
Chokepoints are narrow channels along widely used global sea routes, some so narrow that restrictions are placed on the size of the vessel that can navigate through them. They are a critical part of global energy security due to the high volume of oil traded through their narrow straits.
In 2011, total world oil production amounted to approximately 87 million barrels per day (bbl/d), and over one-half was moved by tankers on fixed maritime routes. By volume of oil transit, the Strait of Hormuz, leading out of the Persian Gulf, and the Strait of Malacca, linking the Indian and Pacific Oceans, are two of the world's most strategic chokepoints.
The international energy market is dependent upon reliable transport. The blockage of a chokepoint, even temporarily, can lead to substantial increases in total energy costs. In addition, chokepoints leave oil tankers vulnerable to theft from pirates, terrorist attacks, and political unrest in the form of wars or hostilities as well as shipping accidents that can lead to disastrous oil spills. The seven straits highlighted in this brief serve as major trade routes for global oil transportation, and disruptions to shipments would affect oil prices and add thousands of miles of transit in an alternative direction, if even available.
|Bab el_Mandab
|Turkish Straits
|Danish Straits
|Strait of Hormuz
|Panama Canal
|Crude Oil
|Petroleum Products
|Suez Canal and SUMED Pipeline
|Suez Crude Oil
|Suez Petroleum Products
|SUMED Crude Oil
Notes: · All estimates are in million barrels per day. · "N/A" is not available. · The table does not include a breakout of crude oil and petroleum products for most chokepoints because only the Panama Canal and Suez Canal have official data to confirm breakout numbers. · Adding crude oil and petroleum products may be different than the total because of rounding. · Data for Panama Canal is by fiscal years.
Source: EIA estimates based on APEX Tanker Data (Lloyd's Maritime Intelligence Unit). Panama Canal Authority and Suez Canal Authority, converted with EIA conversion factors.
Strait of Hormuz
The Strait of Hormuz is by far the world's most important chokepoint with an oil flow of about 17 million barrels per day in 2011.
Located between Oman and Iran, the Strait of Hormuz connects the Persian Gulf with the Gulf of Oman and the Arabian Sea. The Strait of Hormuz is the world's most important oil chokepoint due to its daily oil flow of about 17 million bbl/d in 2011, up from between 15.7-15.9 million bbl/d in 2009-2010. Flows through the Strait in 2011 were roughly 35 percent of all seaborne traded oil, or almost 20 percent of oil traded worldwide. More than 85 percent of these crude oil exports went to Asian markets, with Japan, India, South Korea, and China representing the largest destinations. In addition, Qatar exports about 2 trillion cubic feet per year of liquefied natural gas (LNG) through the Strait of Hormuz, accounting for almost 20 percent of global LNG trade. Furthermore, Kuwait imports LNG volumes that travel northward through the Strait of Hormuz. These flows totaled about 100 billion cubic feet per year in 2010.
At its narrowest point, the Strait is 21 miles wide, but the width of the shipping lane in either direction is only two miles, separated by a two-mile buffer zone. The Strait is deep and wide enough to handle the world's largest crude oil tankers, with about two-thirds of oil shipments carried by tankers in excess of 150,000 deadweight tons.
Most potential options to bypass Hormuz are currently not operational. Only Iraq, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates (UAE) presently have pipelines able to ship crude oil outside of the Gulf, and only the latter two countries currently have additional pipeline capacity to circumvent Hormuz. At the start of 2012, the total available pipeline capacity from the two countries combined, which is not utilized, was approximately 1 million bbl/d. The amount could potentially increase to 4.3 million bbl/d by the end of this year, as both countries have recently completed steps to increase standby pipeline capacity to bypass the Strait.
Iraq has one major crude oil pipeline, the Kirkuk-Ceyhan (Iraq-Turkey) Pipeline that transports oil from the north of Iraq to the Turkish Mediterranean port of Ceyhan. This pipeline pumped about 0.4 million bbl/d in 2011, far below its nameplate capacity of 1.6 million bbl/d and it has been the target of sabotage attacks. Moreover, this pipeline cannot send additional volumes to bypass the Strait of Hormuz unless it receives oil from southern Iraq via the Strategic Pipeline, which links northern and southern Iraq. Currently, portions of the Strategic Pipeline are closed, and renovations to the Strategic Pipeline could take several years to complete.
Saudi Arabia has the 745-mile-long Petroline, also known as the East-West Pipeline, which runs from across Saudi Arabia from its Abqaiq complex to the Red Sea. The Petroline system consists of two pipelines with a total nameplate capacity of about 4.8 million bbl/d. The 56-inch pipeline has a nameplate capacity of 3 million bbl/d and its current throughput is about 2 million bbl/d. The 48-inch pipeline had been operating in recent years as a natural gas pipeline, but Saudi Arabia recently converted it back to an oil pipeline. The switch could increase Saudi Arabia's spare oil pipeline capacity to bypass the Strait of Hormuz from 1 million bbl/d to 2.8 million bbl/d, which is only attainable if the system is able to operate at its full nameplate capacity.
The UAE constructed a 1.5 million bbl/d Abu Dhabi Crude Oil Pipeline that runs from Habshan, a collection point for Abu Dhabi's onshore oil fields, to the port of Fujairah on the Gulf of Oman, allowing crude oil shipments to circumvent Hormuz. The pipeline was recently opened and the first shipment of 500,000 barrels of oil was sent through the pipeline to the Fujairah oil terminal where it was loaded on a tanker and sent to the Pak-Arab Refinery in Pakistan. The pipeline will be able to export up to 1.5 million bb/d, or more than half of UAE's total net oil exports, once it reaches full operational capacity in the near future. However, the UAE does not currently have the ability to utilize this pipeline completely, until it ramps to full capacity. In late May, Fujairah ruler Sheikh Hamad bin Mohammed Al-Sharqi noted that this pipeline capacity could rise further to a maximum 1.8 million bbl/d.
Source: U.S. Government (Click here to zoom out for alternate routes)
Currently Operable Pipelines that are Unavailable as Bypass Options
Saudi Arabia also has two additional pipelines that run parallel to the Petroline system and bypass the Strait of Hormuz, but neither of them have the ability to transport additional volumes of oil should the Strait of Hormuz be closed. The Abqaiq-Yanbu natural gas liquids pipeline has a capacity of 290,000 bbl/d and is running at capacity. The IPSA (Iraqi Pipeline through Saudi Arabia) is used to transport natural gas to Saudi Arabia's western coast. It was originally built to carry 1.65 million bbl/d of crude oil from Iraq to the Red Sea, but Saudi Arabia later converted it to carry natural gas, and has not announced plans to convert it back to transport crude oil.
Other pipelines, such as the Trans-Arabian Pipeline (TAPLINE) running from Qaisumah in Saudi Arabia to Sidon in Lebanon, have been out of service for years due to war damage, disuse, or political disagreements, and would require a complete renovation before being usable. Relatively small quantities, several hundred thousand barrels per day at most, could be trucked to mitigate closure of the Strait of Hormuz.
(Iraq-Turkey) Pipeline 1
(East-West Pipeline)
|Abu Dhabi
Crude Oil Pipeline
|Saudi Arabia
|United Arab Emirates
|2011 (average)
|Unused Capacity 2
|2012 (mid-year) 3
|Throughput 4
|Unused Capacity
Notes: All estimates are as of August 17, 2012 and expressed in million barrels per day (bbl/d).
The Strait of Malacca, linking the Indian and Pacific Oceans, is the shortest sea route between the Middle East and growing Asian markets.
The Strait of Malacca, located between Indonesia, Malaysia, and Singapore, links the Indian Ocean to the South China Sea and Pacific Ocean. Malacca is the shortest sea route between Persian Gulf suppliers and the Asian markets—notably China, Japan, South Korea, and the Pacific Rim. Oil shipments through the Strait of Malacca supply China and Indonesia, two of the world's fastest growing economies. It is the key chokepoint in Asia with an estimated 15.2 million bbl/d flow in 2011, compared to 13.8 million bbl/d in 2007. Crude oil makes up about 90 percent of flows, with the remainder being petroleum products.
At its narrowest point in the Phillips Channel of the Singapore Strait, Malacca is only 1.7 miles wide creating a natural bottleneck, as well as potential for collisions, grounding, or oil spills. According to the International Maritime Bureau's Piracy Reporting Centre, piracy, including attempted theft and hijackings, is a constant threat to tankers in the Strait of Malacca, although the number of attacks has dropped due to the increased patrols by the littoral states' authorities since July 2005.
Over 60,000 vessels transit the Strait of Malacca per year. If the strait were blocked, nearly half of the world's fleet would be required to reroute around the Indonesian archipelago through Lombok Strait, located between the islands of Bali and Lombok, or the Sunda Strait, located between Java and Sumatra.
There have been several proposals to build bypass options and reduce tanker traffic through the Strait of Malacca, but most have not been followed through. China is on schedule to complete the Myanmar-China Oil and Gas Pipeline in 2013, two parallel oil and gas pipelines that stretch from Myanmar's ports in the Bay of Bengal to the Yunnan province of China. The oil pipeline will be an alternative transport route for crude oil imports from the Middle East to potentially bypass the Strait of Malacca. The oil pipeline capacity is expected to reach about 440,000 bbl/d.
Suez Canal/SUMED Pipeline
The Suez Canal and SUMED Pipeline are strategic routes for Persian Gulf oil and gas shipments to Europe and North America. Closure of the Suez Canal and SUMED Pipeline would add an estimated 2,700 miles of transit from Saudi Arabia to the United States around the Cape of Good Hope via tanker.
Suez Canal
The Suez Canal is located in Egypt and connects the Red Sea and Gulf of Suez with the Mediterranean Sea. In 2012, oil (both crude oil and refined products) and LNG accounted for 24 and 5 percent of total Suez cargoes, measured by cargo tonnage, respectively. The Canal is unable to handle Ultra Large Crude Carriers (ULCC) and fully laden Very Large Crude Carriers (VLCC) class crude oil tankers. The Suezmax was the largest ship capable of navigating through the Canal until 2010 when the Suez Canal Authority extended the depth to 66 feet to allow over 60 percent of all tankers to use the Canal, according to the Suez Canal Authority.
|Tanker type
|Deadweight tons
|Approximate capacity (barrels)
|60,000 - 100,000
|440,000 - 730,000
|80,000 - 120,000
|850,000 - 880,000
|120,000 - 200,000
|880,000 - 1,500,000
|200,000 - 320,000
|1,500,000 - 2,350,000
|Source: Clarksons
SUMED Pipeline
The 200-mile long SUMED Pipeline, or Suez-Mediterranean Pipeline, provides an alternative to the Suez Canal for vessels and cargos too large to transit through the Canal (fully laden VLCCs and larger). The crude oil flows through two parallel pipelines that are 42-inches in diameter, with a total pipeline capacity of around 2.35 million bbl/d. Oil flows north through Egypt and is carried from the Ain Sukhna terminal along the Red Sea coast to its end point at the Sidi Kerir terminal on the Mediterranean. SUMED is owned by the Arab Petroleum Pipeline Co., a joint venture between the Egyptian General Petroleum Corporation (EGPC), Saudi Aramco, Abu Dhabi's National Oil Company (ADNOC), and Kuwaiti companies.
The SUMED Pipeline is the only alternative route nearby to transport crude oil from the Red Sea to the Mediterranean if ships were unable to navigate through the Suez Canal. Closure of the Suez Canal and the SUMED Pipeline would necessitate diverting oil tankers around the southern tip of Africa, the Cape of Good Hope, adding approximately 2,700 miles to transit from Saudi Arabia to the United States, increasing both costs and shipping time, according to the U.S. Department of Transportation. According to the International Energy Agency (IEA), shipping around Africa would add 15 days of transit to Europe and 8-10 days to the United States.
Fully laden VLCCs transiting toward the Suez Canal also use the SUMED Pipeline for lightering. Lightering occurs when a vessel needs to reduce its weight and draft by offloading cargo in order to enter a restrictive waterway, such as a canal. The Suez Canal is not deep enough for a fully laden VLCC and, therefore, a portion of the crude is offloaded at the SUMED Pipeline at the Ain Sukhna terminal. The now partially laden VLCC goes through the Suez Canal and picks up the portion of its crude at the other end of the pipeline at Sidi Kerir terminal.
Crude oil and refined product flows
The revolution in Egypt that started in 2011 did not have any noticeable effect on oil transit flows through the Suez Canal. In 2012, about 2.97 million bbl/d of total oil transited in both directions. This is the highest amount ever shipped through the Suez Canal and made up about 7 percent of total seaborne traded oil.
In 2012, about 2.97 million bbl/d of total oil (crude oil and refined products) transited the Suez Canal in both directions. This is the highest amount ever shipped through the Canal and made up about 7 percent of total seaborne traded oil. The majority of the oil was sent northbound (1.66 million bbl/d) toward European and North American markets, and the remainder was sent southbound (1.32 million bbl/d) mainly toward Asian markets. Southbound oil flows increased by around 540,000 bbl/d in 2012 compared to the previous year mainly because of the restart of oil production in Libya in 2012 following the civil war. Southbound oil flows from Libya through Suez quadrupled in 2012.
Egypt's 2011 revolution did not have any noticeable effect on oil transit flows through the Suez Canal. Over the past few years, oil flows through the Canal have increased and have recovered from previous lower levels caused by the global economic downturn. Total traffic through the canal fell in 2009 and total oil flows dropped to 1.84 million bbl/d, its lowest level in recent years. The decrease in oil flows during that time period reflects the collapse in world oil market demand that began in the fourth quarter of 2008, followed by OPEC production cuts (primarily from the Persian Gulf), which caused a sharp fall in regional oil trade starting in early 2009.
In 2012, around 1.54 million bbl/d of crude oil was transported through the SUMED pipeline. Although SUMED crude flows decreased in 2012 over the previous year, total crude oil transited northbound from Suez and SUMED combined increased to 2.44 million bbl/d in 2012 from 2.20 million bbl/d in 2011.
|Suez northbound flows
|Crude oil
|Refined products
|Total oil
|LNG (Tcf per year)
|Suez southbound flows
|Crude Oil
|Refined Products
|Total Oil
|LNG (Tcf per year)
|Suez total
|Crude Oil
|Refined Products
|Total Oil
|LNG (Tcf per year)
|Sumed pipeline flows
|Crude Oil
|Note: Totals may not exactly match corresponding values as a result of independent rounding.
Source: Suez Canal Authority (with EIA conversions) and EIA analysis based on APEX Tanker Data
Liquefied natural gas (LNG)
LNG flows through the Suez Canal in both directions were 1.5 trillion cubic feet in 2012, accounting for around 13 percent of total LNG traded worldwide.
LNG flows through the Suez Canal in both directions were 1.5 trillion cubic feet in 2012, accounting for around 13 percent of total LNG traded worldwide. Southbound LNG transit mostly originates in Algeria and Egypt and is largely destined for Asian markets, while northbound transit is mostly from Qatar, largely destined for European markets. The rapid growth in LNG flows through the Suez Canal represents the startup of multiple LNG trains in Qatar in 2009-2010. However, total LNG flows through the Suez Canal in both directions fell to 1.5 Tcf in 2012, down from its peak of 2.06 Tcf in 2011. The year-over-year decrease reflects the fall in northbound LNG flows and is consistent with LNG import data for the United States and Europe, which show that total LNG imports into both areas decreased, particularly from Qatar. U.S. LNG imports from Qatar fell by around 63 percent in 2012 compared with the previous year. The changes reflect growing domestic supply in the United States, a decrease in LNG demand in some European countries, and strong competition for LNG in the global market. In addition, northbound LNG flows were also curtailed because of less LNG exports from Yemen because of sabotage attacks on a gas pipeline. As a result, total Suez LNG flows as a percentage of total LNG traded worldwide fell to 13 percent in 2012, compared with 18 percent in 2012.
Bab el-Mandab
Closure of the Bab el-Mandab could keep tankers from the Persian Gulf from reaching the Suez Canal and Sumed Pipeline, diverting them around the southern tip of Africa.
The Bab el-Mandab is a chokepoint between the Horn of Africa and the Middle East, and a strategic link between the Mediterranean Sea and Indian Ocean. It is located between Yemen, Djibouti, and Eritrea, and connects the Red Sea with the Gulf of Aden and the Arabian Sea. Most exports from the Persian Gulf that transit the Suez Canal and SUMED Pipeline also pass through the Bab el-Mandab.
An estimated 3.4 million bbl/d flowed through this waterway in 2011 toward Europe, the United States, and Asia, a drop from 4.5 million bbl/d in 2008, but an increase from 2.9 million bbl/d in 2009. Oil shipped through the strait decreased by almost one-third in 2009 as a result of the global economic downturn and the decline in northbound oil shipments to Europe. Northbound traffic through the Suez Canal and SUMED Pipeline also reflects the adverse affects of the global economic crisis in 2009 and 2010, when total oil flows through the complex declined significantly, as noted in the previous section. Northbound oil shipments increased through Bab el-Mandab in 2011 and over half of the traffic, about 2.0 million bbl/d, moved northbound en route to the Suez Canal and SUMED Pipeline.
The Bab el-Mandab is 18 miles wide at its narrowest point, making tanker traffic difficult and limited to two 2-mile-wide channels for inbound and outbound shipments. Closure of the Strait could keep tankers from the Persian Gulf from reaching the Suez Canal or SUMED Pipeline, diverting them around the southern tip of Africa, adding to transit time and cost. In addition, closure of the Bab el-Mandab would mean that oil entering the Red Sea from Sudan and other countries could no longer take the most direct route to Asian markets. This oil would instead have to go north into the Mediterranean Sea through other potential chokepoints, such as the Suez Canal and SUMED Pipeline.
Security became a concern of foreign firms doing business in the region, after a French tanker was attacked off the coast of Yemen by terrorists in October 2002. In recent years, this region has also seen rising piracy, and Somali pirates continue to attack vessels off the northern Somali coast in the Gulf of Aden and southern Red Sea including the Bab el-Mandab.
Turkish Straits
Increased oil exports from the Caspian Sea region make the Turkish Straits one of the busiest and most dangerous chokepoints in the world supplying Western and Southern Europe.
The Bosporus and Dardanelles are the Turkish Straits and divide Asia from Europe. The Bosporus is a 17-mile long waterway that connects the Black Sea with the Sea of Marmara, and the Dardanelles is a 40-mile long waterway that links the Sea of Marmara with the Aegean and Mediterranean Seas. Both are located in Turkey and supply Western and Southern Europe with oil from the Caspian Sea Region.
An estimated 2.9 million bbl/d flowed through the Turkish Straits in 2010, almost all of which was crude oil. The ports of the Black Sea are one of the primary oil export routes for Russia and other former Soviet Union republics. Oil shipments through the Turkish Straits decreased from over 3.4 million bbl/d at its peak in 2004 to 2.6 million bbl/d in 2006 as Russia shifted crude oil exports toward the Baltic ports. Traffic through the Straits increased again as crude production and exports from Azerbaijan and Kazakhstan rose in recent years.
Only half a mile wide at its narrowest point, the Turkish Straits are one of the world's most difficult waterways to navigate due to its sinuous geography. With 50,000 vessels, including 5,500 oil tankers, passing through the straits annually it is also one of the world's busiest chokepoints.
Turkey has raised concerns over the navigational safety and environmental threats to the Straits. Commercial shipping has the right of free passage through the Turkish Straits in peacetime, although Turkey claims the right to impose regulations for safety and environmental purposes. Bottlenecks and heavy traffic also create problems for oil tankers in the Turkish Straits. While there are no current alternate routes for westward shipments from the Black and Caspian Sea region, there are several pipeline projects in various phases of development underway.
Panama Canal
The United States is the top country of origin and destination for all commodities transiting through the Panama Canal; however, it is not a significant route for U.S. petroleum trade.
The Panama Canal is an important route connecting the Pacific Ocean with the Caribbean Sea and Atlantic Ocean. The Canal is 50 miles long, and only 110 feet wide at its narrowest point called Culebra Cut on the Continental Divide. Over 14,000 vessels transit the Canal annually, of which more than 60 percent (by tonnage) represent United States coast-to-coast trade, along with United States trade to and from the world that passed through the Panama Canal.
Closure of the Panama Canal would greatly increase transit times and costs adding over 8,000 miles of travel. Vessels would have to reroute around the Straits of Magellan, Cape Horn and Drake Passage under the tip of South America.
However, the Panama Canal is not a significant route for petroleum transit or for U. S. petroleum imports. Roughly one-fifth of the traffic through the canal (measured by both transits and tonnage) was by tankers. According to the Panama Canal Authority, 755,000 bbl/d of crude and petroleum products were transported through the canal in Fiscal Year 2011, of which 637,000 bbl/d were refined products, and the rest crude oil (EIA conversions from long tons to barrels). Nearly 80 percent of total petroleum, or 608,000 bbl/d, passed from north (Atlantic) to south (Pacific).
The relevance of the Panama Canal to the global oil trade has diminished, as many modern tankers are too large to travel through the canal. Some oil tankers, such as the ULCC (Ultra Large Crude Carriers) class tankers, can be nearly five times larger than the maximum capacity of the canal. The largest vessel that can transit the Panama Canal is known as a PANAMAX-size vessel (ships ranging from 60,000 â 100,000 dead weight tons in size and no wider than 108 ft.)
In order to make the canal more accessible, the Panama Canal Authority began an expansion program to be completed by the end of 2014. However, while many larger tankers will be able to transit the canal after 2014, some ULCCs will still be unable to make the transit. The Panama Canal Authority features a description of the expansion program and progress reports.
Source: BBC News (Click here to zoom)
Trans-Panama Pipeline
The Trans-Panama Pipeline (TPP) is operated by Petroterminal de Panama, S.A. (PTP) and is located outside the former Canal Zone near the Costa Rican border. It runs from the port of Charco Azul on the Pacific Coast to the port of Chiriquie Grande in Bocas del Toro on the Caribbean. The pipeline was built in 1982, with the original purpose of facilitating crude oil shipments from Alaska's North Slope to refineries in the Caribbean and the U.S. Gulf Coast. However, in 1996, the TPP was shut down as oil companies began shipping Alaskan crude along alternative routes. Since 1996, there were intermittent requests and proposals to utilize the TPP. In August 2009, TPP completed a project to reverse its flows in order to enable it to carry oil from the Caribbean to the Pacific. The pipeline's current capacity is about 600,000 bbl/d.
BP and PTP recently signed a seven-year transportation and storage agreement, allowing BP to lease storage located on the Caribbean and Pacific coasts of Panama and to use the pipeline to transport crude oil to U.S. West Coast refiners. According to PTP, BP has leased 5.4 million barrels of PTP's storage and committed to east-to-west oil shipments through the pipeline averaging 100,000 b/d. BP started shipping crude oil through the TPP earlier this year. The route reduces transport time and costs of ships having to go around Cape Horn at the tip of South America to get to the U.S. West Coast.
Danish Straits
The Danish Straits are becoming an increasingly important route for Russian oil exports to Europe.
About 3 million bbl/d flowed through this waterway in 2010, with most of this flowing westwards. Russia has increasingly been shifting its crude oil exports to its Baltic ports, especially the relatively new port of Primorsk, which accounted for half of the exports through the Straits. An estimated 0.3 million bbl/d of crude oil, primarily from Norway, flowed eastward to Scandinavian markets.
About one-third of the westward exports through the Straits are for refined products, coming from Baltic Sea ports such as Tallinn (Muuga), Venstpils, and St. Petersburg.
C.I.A. World Factbook
Eastern Bloc Research
International Energy Agency (IEA)
International Maritime Bureau
Lloyd's List Intelligence
Panama Canal Authority
Petroterminal de Panama, S.A.
Suez Canal Authority
U.S. Energy Information Administration


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Fallout Confessions
A confession blog dedicated to the Fallout universe. Please read the rules and guidelines before sending in a submission!
Submission box: CLOSED(Box open every other Wednesday.)
Rules 'n such.
Submission guidelines.
If you ever want to talk to us, our personal blogs are:
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Freeside Junkie(s) Shootin' Up


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Human Evolution - Stage 6 - Self-guided
Students explore ancient and modern human skulls in the Search and Discover exhibition.
Self-guided program
Students study the physical characteristics of human skulls and investigate brain size, teeth and bipedalism and construct an evolutionary tree. They examine alternative views of the same fossil evidence of our human ancestors and investigate our direct ancestor.
- Syllabus links: Biology Stage 6
- Maximum number of students: No limit
- Duration: one hour.
- Cost: general Museum entry charge per student
- Location: Search and Discover, Level 2
- Available: generally during term time
Education Resource Kit
Ms Helen Wheeler , Education Project Officer
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Bed bugs: Chicago's No. 1, Milwaukee 19
Orkin has ranked the top 50 cities with the highest bed bug populations. The list was compiled in 2012, and our neighbors to the south, Chicago, are sitting at the top of this itch-inducing list (up one spot from its No. 2 position in 2011).
Milwaukee, on the other hand, landed at No. 19.
Last year, Orkin's parent company, Rollins, which operates eight pest control brands nationwide, saw a nearly 33 percent increase in bed bug business compared to 2011.
"This list shows that bed bugs continue to be a problem throughout the U.S.," said Orkin entomologist and Technical Services Director Ron Harrison , Ph.D. "Based on the diversity of cities on the list, we all need to be very cautious when we travel—whether it is business or pleasure, or to visit family, friends or vacation. We need to be vigilant wherever we are and take the proper precautions."
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Milwaukee's best burrito?
Published Oct. 15, 2014
For some reason the "where's Milwaukee's best burrito" conversation just doesn't happen as much here as it seemingly does in other cities. We love our food, but the battle for best burrito isn't top of mind.
Does convenience drive your dining?
Published Oct. 8, 2014
In 2012 I noted that most of my "where to eat" decisions were based on convenience and routine. Do you dine out mainly based upon convenience or does your restaurant decision go deeper?
Collaborate or die
Published Oct. 3, 2014
Entertainment, education, development, sports, retail, transit, etc. There are many easy ways to help move Greater Milwaukee forward, but collaborating is key and without it we all die since we're all in it - no mater what it is - together.
Your light is green, but my signal says walk
Published Sept. 26, 2014
You're sitting at a red light waiting for it to turn. Yes, you may turn right on this red (at most intersections). But, once it turns green you must yield to the pedestrians who have a walk signal and are quickly scurrying across the street.
#ShopLocal Radio Milwaukee's Fall Ball and wine tasting with the animals
Published Sept. 25, 2014
We have two local shopping options for you this week. First up, 88NINE Radio Milwaukee holds its Fall Ball on Friday and you are invited. Next? Wine at the Zoo. And, there's a chance to win free tickets to the Saturday wine event!
More reasons to attend the Concert 4 MACC
Published Sept. 18, 2014
The inaugural Concert 4 MACC, a benefit event for Midwest Athletes Against Childhood Cancer (The MACC Fund), is next week. And, there are many new reasons to support the cause.


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Gracefully encircling this ring are sculpted oval-shaped bezel-set gems interspersed with seed-like spheres. Akin to the circle, the ellipse is an earth symbol representing community and tribal wisdom. See Details
Gemvara jewelry is truly personal: you design it, choosing gems and metals to celebrate your story, and we craft it just for you. We'd love to help you find your perfect piece! (more)What quality are your gemstones?
They are all-natural and hand selected fine quality. (more)


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Photograph: Margaret Bourke-White/Time & Life Pictures/Getty Images: Fort Peck Dam, 1936
The American economy is clearly struggling to recover from a recession of unusual depth and duration, as we are reminded nearly every day. But the United States also faces a less visible but more fundamental challenge: a series of underlying structural changes that could permanently impair America's ability to maintain, much less raise, the living standards of its citizens. If government and business leaders react only to the downturn and fail to confront America's deeper challenge, they will revive an economy with weak long-term prospects.
During the past year, we have examined U.S. competitiveness with the help of a diverse group of scholars, business leaders from around the world, and the first-ever comprehensive survey of Harvard Business School alumni. Our research suggests that the U.S. faces serious challenges. Too often, America's leaders, in government and business, have acted in ways that neutralize the country's many strengths. However, the decline of U.S. competitiveness is far from inevitable. The United States remains the world's most productive large economy and its largest market for sophisticated goods and services, which stimulates innovation and acts as a magnet for investment.
To restore its competitiveness, America needs a long-term strategy. This will require numerous policy changes by government, which may seem unlikely with Washington gridlocked. However, many of the crucial steps can and must be carried out by states and regions, where many of the key drivers of competitiveness reside. More important, business leaders can and must play a far more proactive role in transforming competition and investing in local communities rather than being passive victims of public policy or hostages of misguided shareholders.What Is Competitiveness?
America cannot address its economic prospects without a clear understanding of what we mean by competitiveness and how it shapes U.S. prosperity. The concept is widely misunderstood, with dangerous consequences for political discourse, policy, and corporate choices that are all too evident today.
The United States is a competitive location to the extent that companies operating in the U.S. are able to compete successfully in the global economy while supporting high and rising living standards for the average American. (We thank Richard Vietor and Matthew Weinzierl for helping to articulate this definition.) A competitive location produces prosperity for both companies and citizens.
Lower American wages do not boost U.S. competitiveness. Neither does a cheaper dollar. A weakened currency makes imports more expensive and discounts the price of American exports—in essence, it constitutes a national pay cut. Some steps that reduce firms' short-term costs, then, actually work against the true competitiveness of the United States.
Whether a nation is competitive hinges instead on its long-run productivity—that is, the value of goods and services produced per unit of human, capital, and natural resources. Only by improving their ability to transform inputs into valuable products and services can companies in a country prosper while supporting rising wages for citizens. Increasing productivity over the long run should be the central goal of economic policy. This requires a business environment that supports continual innovation in products, processes, and management.
Boosting productivity over the short run by firing workers, as many U.S. firms did at the onset of the Great Recession in 2008, is a reflection not of competitiveness but of weakness. An economy in which many working-age citizens cannot find or do not even seek jobs may appear to enjoy high productivity in the short run, but in fact it has underlying competitiveness problems. It is a nation's ability to generate high output per employable person—not per currently employed person—that reveals its true competitiveness.


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bebe Logo 3/4 Sleeve Cuff Top
Style # 158792
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With vertical, understated ribbing and a slight V-neck, this knit bebe logo top is one figure-flattering style. Features 3/4 sleeves with oversized cuffs that add dimension.
- 94% rayon, 6% spandex.
- Center back to hem: 18" (46 cm).
- Hand wash.
- Made in USA.
- Model is 5'9" and wearing a US size S.
bebe Logo 3/4 Sleeve Cuff Top 1 1
Love bebe LOGO!! This is the best logo top bebe has ever made. I love the material -- it's very comfortable and perfect for the gym! July 31, 2012
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FILM FORWARD is an international touring program designed to enhance greater cultural
understanding, collaboration and dialogue around the globe by engaging audiences
through the exhibition of films, workshops and conversations with filmmakers.
©2000–2014 Sundance Institute. Sundance Film Festival® and Sundance Institute® are exclusive trademarks of Sundance Institute®. All rights reserved.


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Valentine's Day Flowers & Gifts
Go for the wow with truly original flowers & gifts sure to leave your Valentine smiling like never before. Find everything from fresh bouquets and decadent sweets to cuddly plush bears and other romantic surprises.
Valentine's Day Flower & Gift Experts
Day. From red roses to thoughtful romantic treats, you can trust 1-800-Flowers.com to send the perfect Valentine's Day flowers and gifts. When it's that time of year to express your love, friendship or unique relationship, turn to us for Valentine's flower delivery that they are sure to cherish.
Valentine's Day Gifts Add-Ons to WOW
If you want just a little more for your Valentine, special treats from 1-800-Flowers.com can complement any bouquet. Consider adding decorative balloons, sweet cuddly stuffed animals or gourmet baskets that will satisfy their sweet tooth. Luxurious spa or decorative baskets filled with savory snacks or chocolate treats will evoke a large smile and a big thank you. It's hard to resist the lure of a mouth-watering treat basket filled with all of their favorites!Back to Top
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Known for combing his avant-garde tailoring with Japanese design aesthetics, Yohji Yamamoto presents a relatively experimental offering for the upcoming Fall/Winter 2014 season. A good representation for why Yamamoto believes his men's clothes look as good on women as his women's clothing, the collection features large bold prints that include floral patterns, skulls, snakes, tribal patterns, camouflage and much more. Standout items include burnt orange suiting options, red camouflage overcoat, rope-detailed outerwear and graphic print leather layering options.
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2010 Honda Accord Electrical/Exhaust/Heater/Fuel Parts
|Genuine 2010 Honda Accord exhaust, heater, fuel or electrical parts; your best source for Honda Accord 4DR EXL-V6 KA 5AT electrical/exhaust/heater/fuel parts.
|Air Cleaner (V6)
|Audio Unit (6CD)
|Auto Air Conditionercontrol
|Battery (V6)
|Canister (KA/KC/KL)
|Combination Switch
|Control Unit (Cabin) (1)
|Control Unit (Cabin) (2)
|Control Unit (Engine Room) (1) (V6)
|Control Unit (Engine Room) (2)
|Electrical Connector (FR.)
|Electrical Connector (RR.)
|Exhaust Pipe (V6)
|Front Windshield Wiper
|Fuel Pipe (V6)
|Fuel Tank (KA/KC/KL)
|Harness Band - Bracket
|Heater Blower
|Heater Unit
|Interior Light
|Meter Components
|Radiator (Denso) (V6)
|Radiator Hose - Reserve Tank (V6)
|Radio Antenna - Speaker
|Resonator Chamber (V6)
|SRS Unit
|Taillight - License Light
|Water Hose (V6)
|Windshield Washer (1)
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i was looking on buying a saber wondering if any one had one and how they liked it.
i was looking on buying a saber wondering if any one had one and how they liked it.
We have just purchased 2 sabers. 1 for myself & 1 for my daughter at xmas.
Very sturdy bow & very easy to tune. They will respond to any method of tuning, & will stay in tune. Have found they are very accurate & precise up to 80yds for ifaa shooting. We are finger release shooters & have found that the saber is a very forgiving bow. Have no regrets as our scores have dramaticly improved.
Bonnie & Robbie
thank you cabba
Hi I recently purchased a saber and am very pleased with it. I do not have any negative things to say about it at all it shots very well out on the range and also in a hunting inviroment.
what do you hunt in australia just wondering
We live in the southwest of Western Australia so we are pretty limited to what we are able to hunt. Mainly feral pigs, rabbits, foxes & the odd deer. We have to travel further north for deer, feral camels, buffalo, feral donkeys, goats & wild boars. There is also a lot of bowfishing that a lot do. Anything from shark. stingray, sawfish to the scaled fish.


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1889-03-22; Clare Democrat
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* XT *> * /t tTTr^ u d—27 2ESSS OLABE, MlOfi., M&BGH 22,1889. 5S*0W .&<2v©J?fel£JQ2H30mftff o SMedr, Lange, bakery, .. ., iSo S. Beybv, furniture. z4 3k, j__. Hutchinson, dentistJ". ?X A. Burritt, lands for stfe. , J* IL Carpenter, choice groceries* _?®iMSi-f Points JL A. Shaver, Farwell, T Use the spring goods at Mose.roau'So €, W* Jfrnry was at Heraey Monday. , 38L B. Horning at Mt.. Pleasant Monday. ^ ©«, C.. fetter, of Loomis, in to wis Satuiv &« A. IL Webber, for over &<week r Wm. H. Elden has been id East Sag!- |:kaw a greater part of the1 week ©n busi- *M ness. Haley Feighner, Mt Pleasant, Wm. lawyer, of Lake, was In town yes- skky« f%ac£ory Girl" at the G. 1. *__» hall to- tfesS* S. C. Klrkbride was at Mt. Pleasant last Saturday. Be sure you are registered next week Miss Edith Chambers is clerking at . Bfcknell's. John T. Homing, of Flint, was In tpwn Wednesday. , Ex-President Cleveland was 52 years .ytfffl Monday.. .' :' Mrs. Webber, sr., Is' reported some- • -^kat better, ^ . Clare county pine lands" are assessed at / - i#5 per acre. :J* ' ^ •*' "A. ]£* Webber was at 3Mi(Hand"Wednes^ clay on business. ' -' Ot Wo Perry was at Harrison, on legal Business Saturday. ........: ^oo'iS'Siever were as ©heap in Clare &8 imvafe Moseman's. ' @0 €> Klrkbride made a business trip to 133>®fEwt on Monday* •■' .. - . Br. Withersp&©n,'of Harrison, was in the town Wednesday. A girl baby was born to Bev. and Mrs. 3&®ndloff.the 13th inst -;, . ' _"f»mer§ are beginning to make prepar- bMouq ior spring jsvprk.; Circuit courtier,Glare county convenes "Mt Hsrrison April 22udb. 1?ke "Factory Girl"nt theG. A.M. hall il is spoken of as being very Inter- : and entertaining* The sttbscriptlejy list, of the pEU0GEAT Sscoustantly increasing. ■ township elections -wlil be-'jbeld one week from next- Monday, .'' _ -2L J. Spring, F. & P. M. agent Mt Cole-* - IS. -B. -Hosenmn'was in Detroit Wecfees^ Miss Ethel accompanied him. . Seeley, of Vernon, returned home last evening after a four weeks' visit with friends in _few York-state. * There Is "more truth than poetry" in the article In .another column, entitled "The pernicious-itghit of treating.'? The Mt Pleasan&jfliiool' board are troubled to find a proper system for ventilating and warming the school building. Irs, Wm. Mcintosh, of Coleman, visited her daughter, Miss Sarah Mcln tosh, and friends in Clare yesterday and'today. Ed. Miller and Mr". Quackenbosh moved their families this week into the bouse on 7th street recently vacated ' by John Hasted. Compare the Besjockat with any 'paper published ia the county and ask yourself if it is * not the best newsiest Cora Boswell was granted a certificate to teach in Isabella county, baying passed at the recent examination held In Mt Pleasant :, - • JJarrison and Evart are both working %ard to secure the proposed ..Charlevoix, JEscanaba Si; Detroit railroad. Go'In, lemons. # Miss Dot _ AbraM and Miss Hary ._fe» Carttiy returned to their homes at Lapeer Wednesday after a conple of weeks' yisit at Clare. ". ..' W. A. Burritt, of Harrison, was in town yesterday morislngo He -was on his way hooat, having been up at Marion ©n legal business. .-■■■■• h Tatman have bad the front grocery store painted a" deep blue J which lends a very ..^striking". Mr. ani'^FS. Beebe depat'ted Tuesday to be abfrgpt three otfotirweeks visiting wfthrfrfendsin* the Saginaw^ Clio and. (Little Bens Hobson returned to her i father, who resides .neiu^AtlaV Genesee "" © Monday. alter visiting her aunt, [county. He departedimcjedktel^ to the bedside. * -' **■ ' " * There SseonsideraT$e.#^a^i©n rife astowfaomth^ council"!-tpiH appoint to the posieion of village a>inshal| for the* current -year. There are ;s«veral" candidates in the field. ' y '?''«' Mr. Becker already bas T« 1*%Q portion of the material on'tbe ^rowncland has commenced the work of erecting'* dwelling house on his property?, $m% south ] oi the Clare cemetery* ." . •' State. Game Warden '-tMtfc'says the bill naaking it law|nl to 8$jM* migratory clucks in Michigan .from ^feober 1 to May I is not s. law, the s^nfttn not having acted oi? the matter, - ,: .' Br. Vabghan,'of MtPJeas^it Idst Ms medicine "case out of the buggy'-somewhere on the road between * dare and Hatton,-one day recently, iindoflfei® a liberal reward for Its return* -. *•" * *% Clare needs an opera *hons£. badlyi Why do not the business men -of the town get their heads together aacl demise plans for erecting one during She earning summer? iTow Is the .time'to *aet. Tie A." F. P. club, ga^.a&Oflier of their social parties at the d-* Ai'B hall last Friday evening. A large .cmwct was, In at« - tendance, and tbe occasion 'se&iied to be greatly-enjoyed by those' ^seat '•' .'William Patrick, of HidlatifV.jmt in 2,000,009 ^eec.-of logs, Which will.be manufactured intashingles-airbts mill.*. He also. purebased * l4O0p,OQ^,'ieet m£ 'logs, which will b@ rafted %oliWB&$lmyr&. A compositor calculates .thai in the oourse of a year's type £$tt!#g hd'will pj£ up more than 7,5001000-''n&prmm 'piecfsy which, with their" 'distribution, requires more than lo,O0OsOOO mtftfbns of the hand. Pratt <& Pickard's camps, ^obn'.'Sweefe- man and1 John Deqt' Ib'fetsf»* *brb|:enp Moaday aad the boys-haye bteu ^making Borne bowF'1 for the past "lew days. * A good mmy®% tbem haV^ Mt tot othe? bad the hoaor conferral upon him of be- j committee having' tbe matter * in chaig^ *; fngeleclied to the position of junior vice- that in every church services-be held i®-; implore the continuance of the which has .been shown this nation since its birth." '»« .esanmg. Mr. .and 2fe.A. C. Gordanier retntxf^c!' i - ■. ■ ■ ? - - , to their home at Manchester last Satur» day after a vlgit of four or five weeks in M&y and Thittsday on^htisiness. ' C, O.-Warner, of Cadillac, was the gmgfc ot &.'SvSt@WBrfc. Tuesday. $&s*"W. Sharp, of near Loom Is,: ?isited Wlftb relatives In Clare. Saturday. 2&S.J"., Mason -.visited with Mrs. CbaS^ IMtaey In Mt Pleasant Monday. fy'lSaFe you seen, Mdseman's sprlnj -'j8JX tb© newest, and nobbiest styles. . Cartiffliingiei tho cigar maker, visited with friends at Midland over Sunday. Election tickets, and slips promptly priEited at this office' at reasonable rates. "Frank F, Go.rr, of near Farwell, made ihe Bsmocka.t'*a pleasant call on Mon- hats? Mr. and Mrs. Arthur Potter, of Marion, ar© visiting friends* in Clare over Bu& If early all of the newly elected village officers have filled their oaths with the elerk. St Patrick's Bay was quite generally >®bserved In Clare.by the towearing o' the ■' green." ; :.-z. Will Tasker, nlglit%erator at the depot^ made a trip to Mmt Ba^Inaw Wed= TM Interior of Buvld McPhall's gro- ojery and meat market has been undergoing repairs*. - Correspondents should be careful to write pMi^T^the naines of persons, places, etd " Mrs. J, W. Warren, of Korwalk, O., was the.giesl of tber.s6nr JK C* Warren, >iaOl^a:@g^ife,*i3.|i.ab.upMu deputy|ii.,<3^e •oyerSunday. t '-•' * •' O. A. Hobson returned to Clare We"d- 'nesday after being absent for over a week at tbe bedside ,of his.brother, W..B. at. Webber's Camp. The weather for four days proceeding Wednesday was about the-iinest' ever.ex- |f perlenced in this country, considering th© season of the year. :' Aliie Martin, of Vassar, who in. bis boyhood days was a resident of Clare, bas been visiting, with old acquaintances in this Tillage this week. ' John Johnson, of Sheridan, township suffered a compound fracture oi one of hfa, legs while at work in tbe woods, near/ Harrison, one day last week. * * Josiah Horning bas on hand about 1,600- eords: of shingle bolts and nearly 1,000,- 000 feet of logs, and bas about 500,000, feet yet to he put in the yard. Tbe interior of J. It. Welch's meat market has undergone improvements and the north half of the building fitted up for Satterlee & Foote, tlie grocers. Mr. and Mrs. H. E. Stickle are the proud parents of a bouncing baby boy. tbe little fellow made his adyent into the world last Sunday mbniing. Mrs. E. J. Spring, of Coleman, was one of the visitors at Clare Tuesday. Mrs. Spring called at tbis office and renewed her subscription to the Democrat. Real estate begins to change hands at A lively rate in Clare tbis spring, and the ,awvM' ~*,~v*-.- */, -*- ,*a iiveiy rare in ujare ini Tbe wem^6tthejast.week has bee^4xxdicationsar0 ma% the Tfeereare a-niiinbeF*o|-^«ang b»ys seen, mussing the streets evefy:$Lj who ' bught to be at school* Par^nb slioi|]^. Aend their children regularly,'4And if iey*don't do it tbe authorities ought to /take* til? 'm&iiepiik.limm*'1'1*-''^' • ■ "' ^fT\ ' -f - : :*me^dwi-s^etaF>t;thW'*<3-lA-B^'half ou Tuesday e^enia^'^s qpiie & success, being largely atteside'^ and addingjabpnt 016 tp. the, Boreal g*mUty?& te^fi_y^ Mrs.#red Haiamoiid,1"beld-^e' lucky tl^f et**tbat drew tbe QnSltV' '* ■*.;•• . •. : ,^ T.P. Horning and Mr,' CbatfertoiVjfe Mt,. Pleasant, were in Clare.-last Saturdly. We understand that Mr.'. .Morning-' tofy traded Ms property'in tMsyilEge toMp, Chatterton for a &aw mill situated "in the^ village of Mt Pleasant * "-' f ' ' It'was *a mistake Ia$| week" In stating that Andrew.Ehoades bad.nurchased the' fstock of bolts together with the :$hingte hfilL The stock of bolts,- ianipnh'ting to about 1,600 cords, remain the'property of Josiah Homing, and will be cut out by that gentleman. Advertisers should bear in zaiiid that, the'Dxi&oGRAT goes intoii large majority oi the homes of Clare .and northern Isabella counties. If you wish to talk -to the people who must be your customers,, your best medium is the paper with- the largest circulation. .-.-.. Some person broke into Fred Sickens ■PA ®xcettent for&f&ar maMag. Sap has ru qp&tb freely. B. A.. Sutherland was one of tbe visitors at the G. A. B. encampment at Bay. <Gity last week. The Ladies' Union Will meet nest Friday afternoon, March 29, at the home of •__[rs.E.:H. Jenny. .' i^QSrs. A- J- Doherty and children went •faf Midland, last evening to vl&Ifi with 1&4 and Mrs. F. L. Post ' ^Marv.^Siehardson and Geo.B,Stev- <Bns9ofMt. Pleasant, were seen on tbe streets of Clare yesterday. 'Mr.and Mrs. John Requith, of East -.jgagi-naWt were guests of Mr. and Mrs. M. !^-Chamberlain' oyer Sunday. - -Ifffl. Boswell, the, photographer, bas fefiwneAaftera winter's business sojourn |ia the nor'fliera part of the state. The front-of Tatman «§? Schilling's ^tere jeeeif ed a coat of paint tbis week. Holbidok & Withsrell did the job. Agit"ib^byis a new boarclfr at the Jkome of Mr. and-Mrs. James Walsh, '4th street, since Tuesday afternoon. coming season ofrfe will be a lively one in this village, : On Tuesday evening, March 26th, Eev. McLain, of "Detroit, will speak in the Congregational church, commencing at 7:30"o'clock. Come out and bear him. W. Galliyer "was the guest of his brother, J. IL, In Clare, Monday. Will is now running on the eastern division of tbe f. & P. M., as parlor car conductor, Mrs. B. C. Shaw and children, of Calk- insviile, visited with relatives in Clare over Sunday. Her mother, Sirs. S. Sexsmith, returned home with her Monday. The ladies of the Congregational church 'will give a maple sugar social at the residence of Mrs. A. A. Shaver Tuesday evening, March 26. All are invited. ■ « An exchange says: If you are hesitating to give a poor widow a sack of flour or pray for her; try the Hour iirst and enjoy the sensation of answering an unspoken prayer. £c, W. Perry received a telegram Mon- J|day annotuiclng the serious Illness of his money drawer of about 0 In smalf change. The mystery is why the thief left the #8 or flO that was also in the drawer. Fred thinks be has a pretty good idea who the culprit is. *: Messrs! John Giberson, C. H. Clark, M. J, Loosing, H.H. Holbrook, Will Kelly, Curtis JLiiigle and Fred WitherilJ, members of the K of P. band, took the first degree in Pythianisra Tuesday evening. The organization will soon b& a K. cf P. band in reality as well as name. Paint is an important substance on the farm. It preserves tbe buildings and add* to'^lieir appearance. Farmers who n.eg- ]QJf£.'to use paint are not .economical. It adds much to the value of everything on the farm, stops boles and cracks, and saves Its cost in a. single season-. not. want If 0 But when, be .does" want it that is the time to take It key does that, and the donkey can't be compelled to drink when he doesn't want-. It. So you see, my son, -there is a differ*. ence between a man and a donk$y. Any m,an, parson, or layman .can. do as tbe donkey, and take a drink when be dtaesrft want one. But it takes a man* my boy^ to refuse a drink when be Wants It And when be has control over himself, be can preach louder mid more In a da$ than Kev. Mr. Pentecost can preach In a year0 Have you seen the mark down at Moscin ait's ? prices John Kent first put in his appearance at Harrison on the 26th day of February. He disappeared about March 2nd, and nothing was known of his whereabouts until last Monday, when bis body was found In a well. 'Tis thought that be fell in, and tbe yerdiet is that be died from'an overdose of water at a time his stomach was too heavily loaded with whiskey. But little Is known of his past history. Geo.L.Hitehcoek,.one of Clare County's pioneers, died very suddenly Monday morning of heart disease, at Far- well, fie leaves a wife and one daughter. ,)"Vir. Hitchcock was universally respected mid had a large circle oi Mends. He saloon last Sunday night anci relieved thef ^s a brother-in-law of es-State Senator Henry Woodruff and of Edmund JM1, of Detroit. He was owner oi the Farwell Grist Mills. He bad held many oificial positions in the village and county, and was a prominent member of the Congregational Church. W. S. Walker, of Mt. Pleasant, ex-prosecuting attorney of Isabella county, bas decided to Icaye that city and open an oSice for the practice of hi3 profession in Detroit' He will depart for his new field of labor early next "week. Mr. Walker requests the Democeat to state that he will be pleased to receive business or friendly calls from any" of bis old acquaintances who may have occasion at any time to visit the cit^ of Detroit. His commander. - - ■ Miss Bessie Giberson* who is attending tbe conservatory of music in Detroit premises to meet with marked success in I Bob Burdette bas discovered that there her studies. She has been highly co^- fi^a: difference between some 'men pliinentod by the professor and has ready heen promoted in her elasfceSi b, Ing now associated and keeping "ajfoe | Hewa'rkfthe minister who says, "wbea'X with pupils inuch older than' herself. want a drink, I take It" For tbe soul" ot. J. D. Garland,. the jeweler, presented me 1 can't see anything very rema: the hose.company witb a "silver watch in-that,even in a preacher. He' for their excellent services at the recent J ^e s f°o1 to &*ke a drink --when fire and the Commercial Union Insurance Company gave the boys $o in cash. The watch Is valued at $15.and the boys will raffle it off at 25 cents per chance. Tickets on sale at MusselFs drug store. Supervisor Jenathan Green, pf Sum- raerfield, lost his barns and stock by fire the 10th Insti A lighted lantern was left Ranging in the barn, which was knocked Ijflown by one of the horses, setting the hay on fire. .Five milch cows, some young stock": and three valuable borers were consumed. The loss falls heavily on him. On tb© dockets in the office of the fudge of probate In Isabella county appear two names, one of which is as f ollews: Pay- sbe-kay-cbing-nay-baw-naw-gaw-nequet- way-bec-snith. The other reads: Felix A.i&esbideBeboise Be La Framboise. Both men are residence of the county. The former is an Indian and latter a Frenchman, Martin Clone, for more than a year past/the efficient section foreman for the .'F. &.A.A. at this place, received notice last Saturday that his services were no longer required, and Bobert Corner, one ot the employes under' him, was promoted- to the position,. Mr. Clone will go to work for J. C. Carland, on the northern extension above Cadillac. . There were three tickets in th£ M.eM at. Mt Pleasant last week*—Democrat- Republican and Prohibition. The day' was decidedly democratic,.the party electing W. Churchill, president; E.-J; VanLeu- yen£ treasurer;. .'J. "0. Whitman, street commissioneiv;}Tbe' republicans elected "C. KlmbalL'trKsteer If. A. Crane, .a^aess- or $"JBSv ^v'Hoyf clerkj' -ibid; - Hv_ Ck 'pnnlop^ WmiMe/* i • •' ,.-.." -'' r..-/-*y * 'TJ '* ■k. So far as learned the largest white pine tree"ever found In Michigan was recently .cot. an# scaled by the Brootog IfUmber company, which-is*.doing a large .business near Hobarfc station on the Q.M. I, road. .It measured-at ^ie butt stic feei in diameter and scaled 10,331 feet of: m^reantile lumber. In -the fall the top was* broken, destroying about 300 feet of ehoice. lumber. "as4 Mky Tuttle, one of the inmatek of Jim Carr's ranch, near Meredith, was shot last Monday night while in a quarrel with her fellow. The ball "passed through her arm and into her abdomen. Dr. Witherspoon probed the ball about five inches, but failed to find It She may re- coyer. County Cleric, Geo. W. Stone, visited Mt. Pleasant loses an enterprising citizen and an able young attorney, but it is Detroit's gain-. May success follow him. An exchange says: "Oh the morning of April 20th, 38S9, at nine o'clock, it has been arranged that the church bells all over the country shall ring to celebrate the event of 100 years ago, when the church bells throughout the thirteen states rang to call the npople together to Don't forget to call and see the new*: line of shirts at Moseman's. ABase-tBafiClMbatSfflitilfan-zil* - Mid^ahb, March 10.—A number of citizens met recently and decided to reor° ganize tbe Midland Base-Ball Club ior the season of 1889. The officers ehosen are as follows: President, M. H. office will be located in the Buhl block. [Stanford; Vice-President, W. D, Gordon; with friends in Clare last Friday und Safe-: pray for the success and prosperity of urday. He was on bis way home from tbe country under O^cal Washington, Bay City, haying been'in rttendance at that day inaugurated prssidenfe of. fihe the Grand Army encampmeht Mr. Stone J Uniiied States. A call is made from the Secretary. G. B. Stanford; Treasurer, W. D. Marsh; Board of Direetors, W. _>"' Marsh, William Timmons, H. V. Beacon5 William Eeardon and F,, C, Heald," /The. President and Vice-President are also to act with the Board of Directors-- . Manager, Fred. S.Anderson, Captaie. Al. Dickey, who managed the P. 0. H, elub in an admirable manner last season, and Charles Eobinson for official scorer.' Tbe club has a number* of excellent players ,and the manager, who always keeps his eyes open for business, has already commenced negotiations for ah-' other battery. A committer of two was appointed to solicit contributions and its members are meeting.witb success. - - ■■ - ' n>r • €©ts His P©s©r£©*..., V * [Mt. Pleasant JSute rprise*J A man named Adams hired a livery of Will Kowe. of Farwell last' Thursday, Eowe employed Horace Holden to drive ' Adams- to Mt Pleasant: md return'. After " reaching here Adams told Holden lo • r^» * main at Garvin House with.- team untlir . the next day and he would return to iTar- : well with him; that .'fee had t# .{go* to,, Shepherd to transact some business $m$ *' would' retura in the* moriilng. Adami^ . did not return and Kowe telegraphed # ' Holden that Adams had-skfpj>ed i©**Oan- "* ■m%i&nd for him to ssome lioinsp. Hojdea," fejegmphed back--|;o Bowe to send '112a . some money or ccpie and get .Ms tearau " On Saturday E« came over for .his . team.' t When Ho^^;© aw him. be sup- ^posodBowe would settle the entire bill'. ; android J?owe that be, (Holden) -woisld -, go home on the train. Holden went fay* and shook bands with the clerk, of the ' Garvin Bouse and told him he wj^s ^o^'1 in^ home • on the. train. A£$8r' Holdet? " I%r'£ohe ?io^ser Jtowf ' stett||d f»t M?4^ teaiiitbiit:.woIiM ^oi^ettW ■'MoMm% Mtf^z" claiming he did not hire Holden,- wiiers« upon Garvin" swore-, out a 'warrant forr Horace. Holden and put:it in KhO 'handa. of Deputy Weiler who' .went to Farwell and on Monday morning Horace was* ' was-landed ia the county jail of ttifa place for jhmpiitjsJiis board biU* • Po^-"*; Horace being "iMong entire* strangers- was completely- _t_ai-t broken- and sick.. ! When the m.ornIng:.train came in, bot^« • oyer, Lawyer. Gallup from Farwell came*" with it and went, directly to-.the jail asd- Jiberated Horace. and took him Jbe£oz9> ■ the justice who-at once, released. Horace^ claiming to haye no'ease against blm^ During the forenoon the said Will Bowe came oyer to exchange horses with some one when he was- Interviewed by ffirj Garvin and Cass Mpsher. He called Cass a liar and received * a:^-back°handed slap across the mouth that be will not forget It served Mm right* or should have been harder. But l_owo was glad to settle all bills.and get out of it as cheap as he did. Tbe general impression among these who know of the affair is that Bowe was assisting the man Adams to skip If there was skipping done. Hoi ace Is a" young m? known by several of our honored citizend' who would gladly do anything to assist the one-legged boy to justice, as against the unmanly principle of a so-called man who desired to cast a strain or repi*c upon bis moral character. Bowe hi learned a lesson that may- -beaefit bli some futui'e time. - * ■ -';•: :>'fV ,jj** , 11 M ■i ■ ■ .."-? HHCMagB
Object Description
|1889-03-22; Clare Democrat
|M.D. Eaton
|Friday, March 22, 1889 issue of a Clare, Michigan newspaper. Published weekly. Began publication in 1880's. In 1889, merged with The Clare Press to form The Clare Democrat and Press.
|Clare (Mich.) - Newspapers; Clare County (Mich.) - Newspapers;
|Copyright Permission
|This material is in the public domain.
|1889-03-22; Clare Democrat
|M.D. Eaton
|Friday, March 22, 1889 issue of a Clare, Michigan newspaper. Published weekly. Began publication in 1880's. In 1889, merged with The Clare Press to form The Clare Democrat and Press.
|Clare (Mich.) - Newspapers; Clare County (Mich.) - Newspapers;
|Copyright Permission
|This material is in the public domain.
* /t
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SMedr, Lange, bakery, .. .,
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3k, j__. Hutchinson, dentistJ".
?X A. Burritt, lands for stfe. ,
J* IL Carpenter, choice groceries*
_?®iMSi-f Points
JL A. Shaver, Farwell, T
Use the spring goods at Mose.roau'So
€, W* Jfrnry was at Heraey Monday.
, 38L B. Horning at Mt.. Pleasant Monday.
^ ©«, C.. fetter, of Loomis, in to wis Satuiv
&« A. IL Webber, for over &


text:
Park Tool I-Beam Mini w/ Chain Tool - IB-3 $26.95
One tool for all on-trail maintenance.
Whether you have to tune your derailleur, change a flat, or fix a chain, the Park Tool I-Beam Mini Fold-Up Tool includes what you need to get the job done right. A selection of hex wrenches, a T25 star drive, and a flathead screw driver helps you adjust, tighten, or loosen just about anything on your bike. Park Tool integrated a chain tool for those nasty on-trial chain breaks, and a tire-lever helps you get peel off the rubber to replace a flat. The I-Beam Mini Tool even includes two sizes of spoke wrenches to help you straighten a bent wheel.
Tech Specs
Reviews & Community
What do you think of the
Park Tool I-Beam Mini w/ Chain Tool - IB-3
? Share a...
Vinny Mauro
- Familiarity: I've used it several times
Personally I generally prefer to carry more full sized tools with me since I have plenty of space in my pack. However, if you are looking for a super compact multi-tool that has everything you need out on the trail this is a great option. If you're hoping to keep your baggage light, you are in the right place. In my opinion you definitely sacrifice a lot of usability getting so many tools in such a small package... but the idea is that you will rarely use this and just keep it in your saddle bag, jersey, hat, shoe, etc. in case of emergency repairs so usability is not really a big issue. The price is surprisingly reasonable as well consider the Park Tool name, so I'm happy with my purchase overall. The tire lever is thin and not the most confidence inspiring so I personally carry another additional lever, but the incorporated spoke wrench is quite clever.
Will the chain tool work on 11 speed?
Will the chain tool work on 11 speed?
Is the Chain tool for breaking & replacing...
T Lee
Is the Chain tool for breaking & replacing chains?
What chains sizes will it do?
Will it break my 7 sprocket 21 speed chain?
Thank you for your answers.
Paul Tzareff
Yes the chain tool is for breaking the chain while replacing or just removing links.
It will break any standard mountain bike chain including your 21 speed.
Great tool.
Gregg Stepan
I've carried this for a year in my jersey pocket on rides, and it's been great. I have not had to use the chain tool yet, but I've used several of the allen keys, and they've worked perfectly. Seems like high grade metal is used--I have not rounded off any of them. Not too flexy (I was worried about it being too flexy, since it only has one center support rail that ties the two ends together, but it's done just fine.) I've liked that it has a plastic tire lever that slides onto it on one side--the lever has been very useful to have a couple of times. I also wanted one that would work on a 10-speed chain (since some of my bikes has 10-speed chain and some are 9.)
Follow up
Princeton Wong
So the integrated tire lever turns out to be a piece of junk. Used it for the second time just recently while home for the holidays and both ends snapped off while trying to mount a new tire. Expected much greater durability from a Park tool product.
Also, the plastic dovetail mount on the lever spreads a bit from use so it no longer stays put on the tool. This was the only thing keeping the loose bits from jabbing your hands during use.
Does the job
Princeton Wong
Pretty nice tool with most everything you could possibly need. The bits rotate a bit too freely and can move around in an annoying fashion since there are no side plates to keep your hands from bumping them while turning the tool.
I prefer the fit, finish and size of my Crank Brothers multi tool but appreciate the integrated tire level mounting on this one.


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Cooking with a solar oven is easy, fun, nutritious, energy saving and cost effective. The All American Sun Oven is ideal for everyday use, at picnics, while camping, or in the event of a power failure. Be prepared for an emergency with the Sun Oven on hand. As long as there is sunshine, you will have all the power you need to cook your meals.
Features & Benefits:
- Sun Oven includes: solar cooker, attached collapsible reflectors, leveling rack, self-contained leveling leg, thermometer, sun-track indicators, recipes and instructions.
- Accessory kit includes: Multi-level Dehydrating & Baking Rack Set (3 racks, 1 roll parchment paper); Two Easy Stack Pots with interchangeable enamel and glass lids; Multi-Fuel Water Pasteurizing Indicator (WAPI); Two Loaf Pans
- Oven interior is 20% larger than the Global Sun Oven so it can cook at a greater volume and accommodate many standard size baking pans (fits up to a 21 lbs. turkey in dish)
- Provides high cooking temperatures of 360-400 degrees Fahrenheit, which is more than sufficient to bake, boil or steam your favorite recipes
- Sun-track indicators make it easy to align with the sun
- Extra thick, ultra white glass lid heats more efficiently and increases shatter resistance
- Improved wind resistant alignment leg with ground stakes allows you to raise or lower the oven's orientation to meet the sun on the horizon with increased stability
- Dual purpose leveling rack hangs inside the oven and adjusts freely to prevent foods from spilling. It can be set on the bottom to increase usable space
- Includes new Sun Oven e-Cookbook & Emergency Preparedness CD featuring over 600 recipes, solar cooking instructions, emergency preparedness tips, pictures and videos
- Portable and lightweight, folds up to the size of a small suitcase with carrying handle
- Durable and long lasting, it is built to last a lifetime with proper care
- Made in the USA
How To Use:
You can use the All American Sun Oven to cook anything that cooks in a conventional oven or stove such as bread, vegetables, pizza, poultry, fish, meats, pasta, casseroles, stews, desserts and more. Plus, you can use the Sun Oven as an energy efficient way to rehydrate and cook dehydrated or freeze dried foods. The Sun Oven also heats water for drinking, doing dishes and for personal hygiene. You can adjust the cooking time to fast or slow, so meals cooks in as little as 20 minutes longer than a conventional oven, or slow cook all day.
The Sun Oven can also be used as a food dehydrator. Just keep the oven door on top of the latches so the moisture can escape and the temperature stays low enough inside.
Dehydration & Preparedness Accessory Package:
Sun Dry Dehydrating Racks
A simple, effective way to use a Sun Oven is to dry and dehydrate with the power of the sun. Easily stackable wire racks allows up to 3 layers of drying and includes one roll of parchment paper. Use the sun to naturally dry vegetables, fruits, meats, herbs or fish.
Easy Stack Pots with interchangeable lids
Spill-free cooking of multiple dishes. Set of two enamelware pots can be safely and easily stacked. Includes an interchangeable enamel lid and a glass lid for improved visibility and browning. Each 3 quart pot holds 3 lb. of poultry or a 3 lb. roast.
Multi-Fuel Water Pasteurization Indicator
A simple reusable thermometer which indicates when water has reached pasteurization temperature and is safe to drink. Can be used in a Sun Oven, over a campfire, with charcoal, propane, or with any type of fuel you use for heating water.
Wilton Non-stick Even Heat Bread Pans
Favorite size for homemade breads & cakes. Constructed of heavy-gauge steel that provides an even-heating performance baking experts prefer for perfectly-browned baked goods. The non-stick coating improves food release and cleaning. 9 1/4 in. x 5 1/4 in. x 2 3/4 in.
100% Satisfaction Guarantee
We want you to be completely satisfied with every purchase you make. If you are in any way dissatisfied with a product you ordered, we'll exchange it, replace it or refund your money within 30 days of purchase. Simply email us the problem, and we'll take care of you. Certain products have extended warranties (up to 50 years!) that are listed on the particular product page. Please call us at 1-888-451-6752 if you need further clarification.
Additional Information
|24 lbs.
|19 x 20 x 15 inches
|Key Feature
|Sun oven plus solar cooking, baking, dehydrating and preparedness supplies
|Made in the U.S.A.
Shipping Information
- Shipping Details:
- Insured against damage or loss while in transit
- This Product Ships To:
- US Lower 48
- Ships Via:
- Fedex or UPS
Questions about the All American Sun Oven with Dehydrating & Preparedness Kit
1 Item(s)
- From elsie at 11/10/13 5:05 PM
- how much sun does this unit need? I live in the northern pacific northwest, rain forest....
- Sun Ovens are used successfully in the Pacific Northwest. Of course you will realize best usage during the summer months when there are more sunlight hours. However even on cold clear days, the oven will work.
Cooking times are about the same in a Sun Oven as in a conventional oven when direct sunlight is available. The E-Z Sun-track indicators make it easy to refocus the oven as the sun direction changes, which you will need to do when cooking especially during the shoulder seasons.
- Do you find this question helpful? Yes No
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- No-hassle, 30 day returns
- No sales tax
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- In business since 2000
- Member of Better Business Bureau, Green America, and US EPA Watersense
- Carbon-neutral, Family-owned business that promotes sustainability!


text:
At DU, our Adjunct Faculty members bring real-world practical experience to the classroom and share their knowledge in an effective learning environment. If you are interested in joining a growing and dynamic University that serves over 12,000 students, visit the list below to view our most up to date employment opportunities.
Frequently Asked Questions
Q: Are Adjunct employees considered "regular" employees?
A: Adjunct employees at the University are assigned classes on a semester by semester basis and are classified as temporary employees.
Q: What sort of benefits would I receive if I were an adjunct instructor?
A: Adjunct instructors and their dependants are eligible to receive discounted tuition at Davenport University. Additionally, Adjunct instructors participate in orientation and additional professional development opportunities throughout the academic year.
Q: How do I go about applying?
A: Interested individuals are asked to apply according to the specifications listed within the job posting.
Q: What is the hiring process?
A: The adjunct hiring process is managed through Davenport University's academic team. After a thorough review of a candidate's application materials the academic leaders invite the most qualified candidates to participate in an assessment. Through these assessments, or hiring events, applicants undergo a series of interviews and provide a lesson demonstration. Final hiring decisions are made based upon the candidate performances at these events.
Open Adjunct Jobs
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|Fall 2014
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Loco sale for Loco Motors: out now for iPad and iPhone!
Minority Media, the makers of the critically-acclaimed and fan-praised Playstation 3, PC, Linux and Mac OS X game, Papo & Yo, release surprise game Loco Motors on Apple Store for $0.99, on iPad and iPhone!
Looking back at Stéphanie Landry's career at Minority (Q&A)
After three years of an exciting career at Minority as our Environment Artist, Stephanie Landry is moving on to new and exciting adventures. We sat around some delicious Portuguese chow and asked her to share her most memorable moments with us! How did you get your break into the video games industry? I've loved video […]
Our line producer, Charles-William, is moving on to new challenges (Q&A)
At the end of a long development project, like Papo & Yo or Silent Enemy, it often happens that people wish to explore other aspects of their talent. This week, our line producer, Charles-William (aka CW), is leaving Minority Media to take on new challenges. He joined Minority in the early days, when Papo & Yo was […]
We're showing off Silent Enemy at IGDA Montreal's DemoNight!
Minority Media shows their latest build of Silent Enemy in Montreal, at IGDA Montreal's DemoNight!
Papo & Yo now on Linux and Mac, also DRM-free, on the Humble Indie Bundle X!
Our award-winning game, Papo & Yo, is now available on Linux, Mac OS X, DRM-free!
Happy New Year From Minority!
Minority would like to wish you all the best for 2014!
Vander will speak at GDC China
Montreal's clement summer weather may be giving way to cooler and shorter days, but at Minority, things are heating up as development on our next game, Silent Enemy, kicks into higher gear.


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Hey guys, I was at my local shop the other day and found that they had a Rytera Alien Nemesis on the used shelf. Bottom line is... I saw it... thought it was soooo unique and had to shoot it. Mostly had to shoot it cuz I have a buddy that wants to get into archery and thought it was a good bow for him. Well.... now I want one! This bow shot soooo smooth, but the workers there had no clue what they really had there. They only sell some bottom of the line Martins and don't work with Martin/Rytera much. We asked him what he thought of the bow and here was the response I got from the employee.
Me: "what year is this bow?" HIM: "I am not sure exactly" (can someone tell me how I can tell the year off hand?)
Me" "what do you think of this bow?" HIM: "Its made by Martin, I think Martin has been around for a few years now, but I heard they sold out so I don't know much else about them" (60+ years is a little while I guess?_
He then went on to tell me that the guy traded it in on a new Hoyt, and also that this bow is kind of noisy compared to the other bows they shoot. I looked at the bow, and it was set up like ****. They tossed a whisker biscuit on which had so much arrow deflection that the arrows were cocked to the right by about 4" when shot in there 12 yard indoor range. The draw stops were also set up to where it felt like maybe 70% let off? It looked like they had those stops backed off a good fourth of the way on the cams, maybe to dial in the draw length of 28.5"? It still felt good, even though it didn't quite feel like the set up was right.
He was trying to give my buddy pointers on it. My friend is 6'4'' with arms like an ape and he told him the bow fit him perfect. I am thinkin 28.5 is way short for him, and the bow appeared to be about 1 1/4'' from the string touching his nose with good form. He could barely get his release to an anchor point. He kept talking up their new bows this whole time, and it was really frustrating, because I am somewhat anti-"big 3"
Bottom line is.... this shot just really was pushing us to by a new Matthews, Hoyt, or Bowtech, and really didn't want to sell a $400 Martin to us.


text: Alpine SWR-M100 10" 4-ohm marine subwoofer Zoom Front Photos Videos Item #: 500SWRM100 Review Summary 2 people say In Stock Free Crutchfield lifetime tech support Free Shipping Your price $199.99 Add to cart + Add to wishlist Email me alerts for this product Buy this item and earn up to 200 Rewards points See more offers and ways to save Special Financing Available x By buying this product you'll earn up to 200 Rewards points. When you sign up for a Crutchfield account, you'll be enrolled in Crutchfield Rewards. You'll earn one point for every dollar you spend on gear from us. You can turn your points into Rewards Cards that you can use toward future purchases. You can sign up for an account now, or after you complete your purchase (you'll get credit for the points either way). Sign up for a Crutchfield account Overview Details Customer Reviews Q&A Articles & Videos Accessories Our take on the Alpine SWR-M100 by Zak Billmeier You'll rock the boat with Alpine's SWR-M100 marine subwoofer — it delivers classic Alpine punch for resonant bass you can hear and feel. A molded polypropylene cone with a Santoprene™ rubber surround provides reliable performance, and you can feed it up to 300 watts RMS from your marine amplifier. The SWR-M100's airflow management system and CRC motor keep it running cool, even in the summer heat. The SWR-M100 works well in free-air applications — it doesn't need an enclosure to deliver great bass. The high-excursion design gives you high performance, no matter where it's installed. Alpine engineered this subwoofer to stand up to heat and humidity, so you'll enjoy great bass, season after season. See more info on this item Highlights:10" 4-ohm marine subwoofermolded polypropylene woofer with Santoprene rubber surroundmarine-grade Nomex® spiderhigh-strength polypropylene frame and waterproof rubber mounting gasketsuitable for free-air usepower handling: 300 watts RMSpeak power handling: 900 wattshigh-excursion designwarranty: 1 yearOur 60-day money-back guarantee Note: Sorry, Crutchfield cannot ship Alpine products to Guam or Puerto Rico. Hands-on research from the Crutchfield Labs (what are the Labs?) What's in the box? | In-depth notes Product Research What's in the box? Download owner's manual 10" Marine subwoofer with attached silver grille Grille trim ring 8 Self-tapping screws 8 Speed clips Allen wrench Application Guide Customer Care Registration/Survey Warranty sheet Important notice sheet Our Product Research Team At Crutchfield, you'll get detailed, accurate information that's hard to find elsewhere. That's because we have our own in-house Product Research team — they open the box, verify contents, check the owner's manual, and record dimensions, features and specs. We stay on top of new products and technologies to help people make informed choices. Features Enclosure Compatibility Features Molded Polypropylene Cone: This Alpine Type-R marine subwoofer has a molded polypropylene cone with a 2-piece structural parabolic design. HAMRS: The SWR-M100 woofer features a High Amplitude Multi Roll Surround (HAMRS), made of injection-molded Santoprene, that allows for an incredible amount of linear excursion and greater SPL. Progressive Nomex Spider: This subwoofer has a progressive Nomex spider for added stability and mechanical durability. The custom progressive rolls gives the woofer a longer, more linear stroke with maximum centering and restoring force. Special edge control design and Nomex construction provide excellent tear resistance, strength and long-term reliability. Tinsel Leads: The woofer features insulated, 16-gauge stranded tinsel leads that are sewn to the spider for added strength and durability. Frame: The woofer is mounted to a custom, high-strength, 5-leg frame made of injection-molded polypropylene. The woofer is protected by a silver plastic grille, attached to the frame. A rubber mounting gasket helps to seal the woofer into the enclosure. Hidden Screw Mounting: The 8 supplied mounting screws are inserted through the grille and into the mounting surface. A round grille trim ring fits over the grille to cover the screw holes. This helps protect the hardware from corrosion as well as adds to the cosmetics of the woofer system. Voice Coil: The woofer has a single 4-layer, 4-ohm voice coil of high-temperature copper wire wound on a TIL former. Terminals: The terminals are located on one side of the woofer basket, and feature a 2-way design. You can use .205" (+) and .187" (-) female quick slides on your speaker wires, or directly insert the speaker wire, up to 12 gauge, into the terminal and tighten the set screw with the supplied Allen wrench. Enclosure Compatibility Design: The SWR-M100 is designed to work in virtually any type of enclosure. It can work in a sealed or vented enclosure, or infinite baffle for the widest application. Recommended Box Volume: The optimum sealed box volume for this subwoofer is 4.85 cu/ft. The optimum vented box volume specifications are not provided. Review this product Submit a review and then enter to win a $500 rewards card Alpine SWR-M100 Reviews Average Customer Review: 2 people say: Review this product: Thanks for taking the time to share your experiences about this product. Please be sure to focus your comments on the product itself. Read our Review Guidelines for more information. Review title * Email Your email won't be visible. Please use the email address that is associated with your order. Display name (e.g., JohnD) Your review will be signed using the display name and location * Your location (e.g., Charlottesville, VA) * Your rating Click on a star to rate the overall product on a scale of 1-5 1500 characters left * Your review Attach a YouTube Review Crutchfield Video Review Guidelines Only submit videos that you made or are authorized to use. Do not submit videos that contain music, video or visuals that are copyrighted and belong to someone else. Please see our Review Guidelines for more information. Submit the URL of your YouTube™ video review or product demonstration. e.g., "http://www.youtube.com/v/o79TWHh598U" 500 characters left Pros 500 characters left Cons * Agree to Terms By checking this box you agree your review becomes the property of Crutchfield, that you are over 18 years of age, that you own or have owned this product, and that you are located within the United States or its territories. Please see our Review Guidelines for more information. We reserve the right (but are not obligated to) review all submissions and edit or remove any review in any manner which we deem necessary. Your review should be posted within seven days. Filter by rating: 5 Star: (0) 4 Star: (0) 3 Star: (0) 2 Star: (0) 1 Star: (0) 5 out of 5 10" Alpine Type R Written By MitchM, Cincinnati, oh on Sunday, February 02, 2014 These subs absolutely rock for the money. I bought a pair of them for my boat last year and I am amazed at how much sound they put out and how hard they hit! I am pushing them with a JL 900/5 marine amp and they take all it can dish out. Definitely a solid choice over some much more pricey options. I have friends that has rockford fosgate system and these blow his away. Pros: Less expensive than JL option Hit Hard Great sound Cons: none yet 1 out of 1 people found this helpful Was this review helpful? Yes | No 4 out of 5 Great Sub Written By JR34, South Carolina on Tuesday, June 21, 2011 Crutchfield Customer Review (What's this?) I bought this sub a year ago for my pontoon. I needed a sub that did not have to be in a box to save on space and found this one. I admit, I was not thrilled with the price at first, but I had seen some really good reviews on other websites and felt it was worth a shot. It was fairly easy to install and I have it running mono on a Sony Explode amp. If you are looking for a sub that vibrates your brain to death then this is not for you, but if you want good quality bass this sub is an excellent product. I have had many on my boat who have commented on how nice it sounded and felt like it did not hurt their ears. When in the water you can hear and feel the bass enough to enjoy the music. Overall, if you can spend a little more I would encourage you to give this sub a try. The only reason I rated as 4 is because I was sort of suprised how quickly the sub can distort when cranking up the amp, but again, I do not think it was designed to be heard a mile away especially when not being in a box and being on a boat which is open air that does not allow the bass to stay concealed like in a trunk of a car. 8 out of 8 people found this helpful Was this review helpful? Yes | No 1 question already asked I got a pair of alpine swr-m100 from a friend. What amp does anyone recommend to push them? Mid range price [ Brett Yaklin Jul 23, 2014 ] 1 answer Thanks for your question. For information on selecting the best amp for your subs I would recommend reaching out to an Advisor by phone (1-800-324-9695) or online chat. They will be able to help determine the differences between the amp models and help you make the best choice for your system. [ Krissy Staff Jul 23, 2014 ] Add accessories for the Alpine SWR-M100 Add Accessories See all categories & accessories Speaker Wire Make sure you have speaker wire for your sub installation. Marine Power & Speaker Wire T-Spec 12-gauge Speaker Wire Black/white jacket priced per foot 29 people say Your Price: $1.99 Add to Cart JL Audio XM-WHTSC16 Speaker Wire 16-gauge marine speaker wire — priced per foot 14 people say Your Price: $0.49 Add to Cart Why choose SquareTrade? The #1-Rated Protection Plan Thousands of people have reviewed SquareTrade Protection Plans — and made us #1. 5-Day Service Guarantee & Free Shipping We'll repair or replace your item in five business days or less after we've received it, or your plan is free. And, as always, we pay for all shipping. Protection from Normal, Everyday Use Repairing your average mechanical or electrical failure can cost as much as buying a new device. With SquareTrade, you're covered — including parts and labor. For a more in-depth review and enhanced detailed information on the Alpine SWR-M100, please visit the Crutchfield website product page (/ISEO-rccbcspd/p_500SWRM100/Alpine-SWR-M100.html ). × Front Searches related to the Alpine SWR-M100 10" 4-ohm marine subwoofer Alpine Alpine Marine Subwoofers Marine Subwoofers under $200 Alpine SWR-M100 reviews


text: Hello I have been using SLR for years and have a Cannon 40D with a range of lenses. My problem is I now have a tremor and can only use the camera with a tripod. I need some advise on buying a camera that is designed to assist users with this problem. I am looking at a Bridging camera. Any help welcome


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Coffee Makers - Glass Carafe
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Essential Info: When you find yourself running late in the morning, the Bunn BX Classic Brewer can help ease some of the stress. With an internal thermostat and efficient pourover system that always keeps water at an ideal temperature for brewing, the BX can brew up to 10 cups of coffee in three minutes or less. This coffee maker features classic styling with an attractive black or white exterior and stainless steel accents. Since it is equipped with a stainless steel tank and a sprayhead that...
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Essential Info: With the Bunn NHBX, café-quality brewing is en vogue. The Bunn NHBX Generation Home Brewer has all of the features youve come to expect from Bunn, all elegantly housed in your choice of white or black casing with stainless steel accents. Using its pourover design, this Bunn machine brews up to 10 cups of coffee in just 3 minutes: the ideal brewing time for proper extraction. Also setting the NHBX apart from the rest of the pack is its porcelain-coated heating plate...
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Essential Info: Making high-quality coffee has never been easier than with the Bunn GRX. The pourover function and patented sprayhead design on this Bunn coffee maker result in some of the simplest, best brewing around. With the ability to brew 10 cups of coffee in just 3 minutes, its also one of the fastest brewers on the market, giving you a commercial-grade brewing time with the ease-of-use of a home coffee maker. It never needs to be unplugged unless youre going away for more...
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