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As chief of forensics for the committee examining the United Nations Oil-for-Food Program, Frank was responsible for forensic accounting tasks as well as the development of analytical databases designed to combine all available information about contracts and transactions underlying the program.
"Life after retirement is a blast. I'm having a great time here at Deloitte. After retiring almost ten years ago from a competitor, I un-retired within two years to work with Paul Volcker on the investigation of the UN and the Oil-for-Food Program, and have been un-retired since, thanks to Deloitte. I get to work with great people, do interesting things, write stuff, continue to learn, help others innovate, and, best of all, lead and help grow a service line in which I very much believe. Recently, I was asked to take a Global role helping Financial Advisory develop competencies, products, and market offerings as part of the firm's Global Analytics Initiative. Quite an honor. I kid you not, un-retirement is busier than either working in the first place or retiring from working!"
Frank also led a crucial part of the massive forensic effort in the investigation of Holocaust-era accounts held by Swiss banks. One of the largest investigations of its kind, Frank's team used forensic techniques to reconstruct the activity of more than 800,000 Holocaust-era accounts at one of the largest banks in Switzerland. Of these, tens of thousands were identified as possibly belonging to victims of Nazi persecution.
Earlier in his career, Frank was the founding partner of the Forensic Technology Solutions practice at another Big Four accounting firm, where he is credited with establishing the first client-facing technology practice in the context of disputes, investigations and reorganizations.
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Drake - He pops off about catching bodies but who believes he'd bust a grape in a fruit fight?
More On Bossip!
Boo! 19 Of The Most Awesome Scare Pranks [VIDEO]
Funniest, Craziest & Shadiest Comments Left On Kendall & Kylie Jenner's Instagram Pics
Swirly Superstar: Is This College Athlete Is Chopping Down A 40-Year-Old Adult Film Star?
Shady Moves: Is Drake Moving In On This Rapper's Ex On Instagram
Ups And Downs: Mariah Carey's Most Beautiful And Most Busted Looks Through Her Career

subset: commoncrawl


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|Want a t-shirt that is personal to your school? You've got it with the Nike College My School's Local T-Shirt. This shirt features soft hand screen print that showcases a local school phrase for a look that speaks directly towards your favorite university. The Swoosh design trademark on the front offers some extra style. 100% ring spun cotton. Imported.


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Rated PG-13
For goofy superhero fun, The Avengers is not a bad ride at all, but I still prefer Director Joss Whedon's other work from this year "Cabin In The Woods."
The Avengers is the summation (but by no means the end of the franchise) of several movies based on Marvel comic book superheroes. Faced with the certain destruction of earth, by the outcast Viking god Loki (Tom Hiddleston,) Nick Fury (Samuel L. Jackson) brashly assembles a motley crew of fighters to battle the oncoming threat.
While at first their egos and talents don't mix, they learn through strife their combined unit is much stronger than the evil facing them.
Robert Downey Jr; Mark Ruffalo; Chris Evans; Scarlett Johansson; Chris Hemsworth and Jeremy Renner are respectively Ironman; The Hulk; Captain America; Black Widow; Thor and Hawkeye. We've seen all the characters separately in films to varying degrees of success except for master archer Hawkeye and super spy Black Widow.
The first act drags. Vocal yawns could be heard while Nick Fury spends much time setting up the conflict and garnering his superteam. The all out battle to follow is a respectable reward for the exposition and rising action.
It's easy to fall victim to superhero cliché, and while The Avengers does in order to appeal to the masses, there is still pleasure to be taken from the stellar eye candy special effects.
If not for the comic relief of The Hulk, this would have been a much lesser film. Captain America handing Hulk the simple command to "smash" makes up for just about all the missteps.
Here's another quick way of looking at The Avengers franchise. If I were to rank the films in this series so far, it would go like this:
Stick around through the end credits for the culinary payoff. Avengers need to eat too.


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Sharpen your government-to-citizen communication skills.
Boost your communications I.Q. with ebooks, videos, webinars, research and more from our vast library
Who We Work With
U.S. Census Bureau counts on digital messages to maximize public connections
The Bureau worked to further expand engagement through offering additional topical updates - realizing 166-percent growth in subscriptions - and creating opportunities for ongoing direct engagement by citizens through its four blogs.
Kitsap County Providing enhanced service to citizens through real-time information updates
Representatives from Kitsap County leveraged the annual KitsapCounty Fair to increase subscribers, speaking with residents about KENS and encouraging those who hadn't already subscribed to sign up for email or text notifications, as well as 'like' the County's Facebook page.
Government Portals Reaching More People to Meet Mission Goals and Add Value
To strengthen their overall communication efforts and more effectively meet mission objectives, GSA sought to increase the size of its audience by 50% in just 120 days. GSA also wanted to increase total email opens and total click-throughs for each of the sites by 50%.
Ocean City Uses Digital Communications Platform to Keep Residents Safe
During the 2011 hurricane season, the Town of Ocean City witnessed firsthand the devastating impact of Hurricane Irene as it traveled up the Eastern seaboard. Ultimately, the storm caused 47 deaths in the U.S. and more than $15 billion in damage.
WSCC: Furthering Government Communications with Integrated, Digital Tools
West Sussex County Council faced a challenge common to many government organisations: It had a large populace to serve but was hampered by outdated communications tools that took too long to prepare and served too few residents.


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Core & Abdominal Course SPECIAL
Yes, these are all in just a good a condition that you are looking at.
I opened the original sealed bulk package of these York Barbell Abdominal Courses with their Charts!
Original York Abdominal Course with Wall Chart
Atomic Athletic Classic Core Training DVD
When the York Abdominal Courses are sold out, then this page will disappear. They are genuine ORIGINALS, so when they are gone, then that's it.
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Dedicated to the talented songwriter and ever more beautiful Kate Bush, who's work we adore beyond words. But since a picture says a thousand words... here we are, bushygifs!
If you would like to make a request, just ask.
Enjoy x
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Kate in The Big Sky (1985)


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The Black Box (Harry Bosch Novel)by Michael Connelly
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In a case that spans 20 years, Harry Bosch links the bullet from a recent crime to a file from 1992, the killing of a young female photographer during the L.A. riots. Harry originally investigated the murder, but it was then handed off to the Riot Crimes Task Force and never solved.
Now Bosch's ballistics match indicates that her death was not random violence, but something more personal, and connected to a deeper intrigue. Like an investigator combing through the wreckage after a plane crash, Bosch searches for the "black box," the one piece of evidence that will pull the case together.
Riveting and relentlessly paced, THE BLACK BOX leads Harry Bosch, "one of the greats of crime fiction" (New York Daily News), into one of his most fraught and perilous cases.
About the Author
Michael Connelly is the author of the recent #1 New York Times bestsellers The Drop, The Fifth Witness, The Reversal, The Scarecrow, The Brass Verdict, and The Lincoln Lawyer, as well as the bestselling Harry Bosch series of novels. He is a former newspaper reporter who has won numerous awards for his journalism and his novels. He spends his time in California and Florida.
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Godzilla 1984
(Toho SF Series Vol. 1)
(Toho SF Series Vol. 1)
SKU: bkgodz1984
Over sized, 140 page import book covers the film we here know as Godzilla 1985. Complete story and story boards, cast and crew info and 44 pages of all color photos. Text is in Japanese but you won't need to read anything to enjoy the book anyway.
Our price: $32.00
Making of Gamera 2: Gamera vs Legion
SKU: bkmakeg2
Complete scene by scene photo guide, highlites of the battle scenes, complete character design, storyboards and more.
Our price: $75.00
Marvel Vault: A Museum in a Book , The
SKU: mimarvalvault
The Marvel Vault. If you grew up reading Marvel Comics, then this interactive scrapbook is for you. It features over 30 removable, archival reproductions representing over 60 years of Marvel Comics. It showcases things by decade, complete with details on prominent creators and characters but the real treat is the stuff contained within. Facsimiles include original sketches, story synopsis, christmas and holiday cards, convention booklets, value stamps, a Howard the Duck campaign button, Marvel office visitors pass, no-prize book, trading cards, and much, much more! Hardcover book, 10x13 size, 192 pages plus tons of cool stuff.
Our price: $49.95
Video Wasteland Rental, Reference and Review Guide
SKU: bkreviewg
The VW rent-by-mail service may be gone, and we may have shut down that end of business, but the Wasteland Review Guide stands alone as a straight forward movie review book designed for the fans of horror, exploitation and schlock cinema. Reviews to over 2,500 films; including films from all your favorite cult directors, Euro-trash offerings, Hong Kong films, cult classics, animation, Mexican wrestling movies and more are contained within its 160 pages of honest, no bull shit reviews. We packed it with over 150 photos and illustrations too! Nobody offers a review book packed with this much stuff for so little coin.
Just because we have closed down the rent-by-mail end of business doesnt mean you cant still enjoy a review book written by a bad film fan - for bad film fans!
Just because we have closed down the rent-by-mail end of business doesnt mean you cant still enjoy a review book written by a bad film fan - for bad film fans!
Our price: $10.00


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Di Australia Anda akan menemukan pengalaman unik yang membuat liburan impian Anda jadi nyata.
Search results
Murat Road,
Exmouth, Western Australia, 6707
Western Australia
Phone Number:
61 08 9949 1176
Fax Number:
61 08 9949 1441
The Exmouth Visitor Centre is located in the town of Exmouth, your gateway to the Ningaloo Reef. If you're looking for a holiday full of wonder with magnificent landscapes, pristine beaches and nature in all its glory, both in the water and on dry land, then look no further than Exmouth, Western Australia. The Exmouth Visitor Centre is able to assist with planning your trip to the area as well as booking accommodation, tours and trips. They have an extensive range of brochures and the most comprehensive gift and souvenir shop in Exmouth. The Exmouth Visitor Centre is open 9.00am to 5.00pm Monday to Sunday in peak season, and 9.00am to 5.00pm Monday to Friday and 9.00am to 1.00pm Saturday, Sunday and Public Holidays in off-peak season. Closed Christmas Day, Boxing Day and New Years Day.
Civic Centre, 21 Robinson Street,
Carnarvon, Western Australia, 6701
Western Australia
Phone Number:
61 08 9941 1146
Fax Number:
61 08 9941 1149
The Carnarvon Visitor Centre is located on Western Australia's beautiful Coral Coast in a bustling, tropical town which is the hub of the Gascoyne Region. Carnarvon is known for its moderate tropical climate it boasts beautiful natural attractions, great fishing and lovely locally grown fruit and produce. The Carnarvon Visitor Centre is centrally located at the Civic Centre and their professional and friendly staff are happy to offer information and booking assistance for tours and accommodation. The Centre also operates as a travel agency and has a comprehensive gift and souvenir shop. From October to April they open 9.00am to 5.00pm Monday to Friday and 9.00am to 12 noon Saturday, Sunday and Public Holidays. During May to November they open 9.00am to 5.00pm Monday to Friday, 9.00am to 2.00pm Saturday and 9.00am to 12 noon Sunday and Public Holidays.
Rencanakan Kunjungan Anda


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INFINITY X INFINITY™ is an exclusive line for Helzberg Diamonds®, inspired by Revenge, TV's hottest show on ABC. Symbolizing a love that lasts forever.
Revenge © ABC Studios
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Available exclusively online or via special order in store locations
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All jewelry has been enlarged to show beauty of detail.
INFINITY X INFINITY™ is an exclusive line for Helzberg Diamonds®, inspired by Revenge, TV's hottest show on ABC. Symbolizing a love that lasts forever.
Revenge © ABC Studios
Garnet, the birthstone for January, signifies eternal friendship and trust and is the perfect gift for a friend. Garnet, derived from the word granatum, means seed, and is called so because of the gemstone's resemblance to a pomegranate seed. References to the gemstone dates back to 3100 B.C., when the Egyptians used garnets as inlays jewelry. Garnet is the name of a group of minerals that comes in a rainbow of colors, from the deep red of the pyrope garnet to the vibrant green of tsavorites. Today, the most important sources for garnet are Africa, Sri Lanka, and India.
Ask anyone who's ever shopped at Helzberg Diamonds, and they'll tell you: it's a unique experience. Not only do you get caring, thoughtful customer service and an unbeatable range of high-quality jewelry, but you'll benefit from the kind of expertise you can only find in a store that's been around since 1915.
What's special about Helzberg Diamonds?
In order to ensure proper delivery, we require a signature on deliveries of orders over $500. Also, for your protection, orders of $1,000 and above must ship to the billing address only. Our packages are never marked with the Helzberg Diamonds name.
Learn more about Shipping
Part of our commitment to a hassle-free shopping experience includes a simple return and exchange privilege. If for any reason you decide to return or exchange your purchase, you have 60 days (30 days for unworn watches). Simply take your purchase to any Helzberg Diamonds store. If you decide you want to return your online purchase using UPS, we will gladly arrange to have your purchase picked up by UPS - at no cost to you. Just call 1-800-HELZBERG (1-800-435-9237) for an authorization number and instructions. Please note that all jewelry returned using UPS must pass an inspection before we can issue any refund or exchange. All sales of pre-owned merchandise, personalized/engraved jewelry and special orders are final (sizing not included). Shipping charges are non-refundable.
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It all started when Shirley Bush agreed to become Barnett Helzberg Jr.'s wife. From that moment on he knew he was loved, and wanted to share it with the world. "I Am Loved®" quickly went from a slogan to a button to a worldwide phenomenon. Four decades later, Shirley and Barnett are still going Visit I am Loved


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HOME Indiana Hoosiers Gear Indiana Hoosiers Hats Indiana Hoosiers Hats Straw (3 items) Product ID: 844424
Main Content
Whether you're out watching practice or working in the yard, the sun can wipe you out! Brave the elements in true Hoosiers style with this adjustable safari performance hat from adidas. It features an embroidered Indiana wordmark on the crown, an adjustable chin strap, side snap buttons on the brim and a UPF 50+ moisture wicking fabric, giving you the ultimate UV sun protection while displaying your team pride. Besides, the wife has been bugging you for years to go on safari! S/M fits 6 3/4 - 7 1/4. L/XL fits 7 1/4 - 7 5/8. Sizes are approximate.
- 100% Polyester fabric
- Adjustable chin strap
- Adjustable toggle on the back for a snug fit
- Brim snaps on sides of hat
- Imported
- Officially licensed Hoosiers bucket hat
- Quality embroidery
- UPF 50+ moisture-wicking technology for ultimate comfort
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Special event items are produced by manufacturers only after the outcome of a game or event. These are advanced sale items and will ship immediately after they are received in our warehouse.
Manufacturer direct items are shipped directly from the manufacturer. These items are not available for international or expedited shipping.
Customized items can be personalized with options such as your name, your favorite number, and/or designs. Some options may be limited by league rules.


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German Man Tries To Cannonball Into Frozen Pool, Fails
This is the ONLY video you need to watch ever again. Plus see it in GIFs!
1. Move over Michael Phelps, this man is the greatest aquatic athlete of all time.
4. At the end, he seems okay. Well as okay as anyone who would do this can seem. (read: Insane, but alive)
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Home invasions and property theft are a much more common crime than most people realize, and with the advancements in technology, many thieves are using devices such as laptops and smart phones to their advantage in committing crimes of this type. The best way to protect your home, property, and loved ones is to stay one step ahead of their game, and when it comes to protecting your family and safeguarding your valuables, you should have the most up-to-date home security system available.
Many home invasions and robbery often have things in common with each other; check out the following home invasion and burglary statistics:
1. More than 65 percent of all home invasions take place between 6 am and 6 pm – and it's not a coincidence that this is when most people are away from home working.
2. About 35 percent of home burglaries are accessed through the front door, other common points of entry are windows, back doors, and through the garage.
3. The master bedroom is usually the first room targeted; many contain a safe, hidden cash, jewelry, collectibles, and electronics.
4. The most commonly stolen items include cash, gold, silver, jewelry, electronic equipment, gaming consoles, and guns. These items are generally fairly easy to move through pawn shops or on the street.
5. A home invader wants to spend as little time in your home as possible; the average time that a burglar spends in a home is between 8 and 12 minutes.
Another issue that many homeowners have after a home invasion is that their home and property is left destroyed. Oftentimes these homeowners are struggling already and don't have the money to repair the damages. In fact, many homeowners go to the extent of having to sell the house to an investor in AS IS condition, since it's just in such terrible shape.
Preventing a Home Invasion or Burglary:
There are several things you should do to make your home less enticing to a thief. Install door and window jams on entrances, put deadbolts on doors, keep the outdoor areas and front door well-light, always lock windows and doors, and keep up the appearance of the yard.
Motion Detectors:
When a potential burglar approaches your home or tries to gain entry, motion detectors will sound an alarm, turn on the lights, start cameras filming, and more.
Home Security Cameras:
Security video cameras are one of the best parts of any home security system. Nowadays, most of them connect directly to your computer, allowing you to keep an eye on several locations in your house and property simultaneously.
Protecting Your Home:
Following is a list of additional home security equipment to consider:
- Motion Detectors
- Garage Sensors
- Wireless Door and Window Sensors
- Keychain Remotes
- Wireless Keypads
- Window Decals
- Flood Sensors
Don't let yourself become a victim of easily avoided crimes and get the best home security system you can find. If you've recently been a victim of a robbery, make sure you hire a local public adjuster to make sure the insurance company pays you what you deserve.


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My 2012 Nemisis arrived yesterday. Red riser, black carbon limbs (Barnesdale) , and those gaudy fl. green/black strings. They gotta go. Where ya at Hutch?
I'm really having trouble choosing string colors. Anybody on here seen a red riser? They aren't what I'd call red. More like blood red. Very close to BCY Mountain Berry. I don't know whether to go with Mt. Berry and maybe Fl. Green speckled or something that contrasts with the bow.
The present strings won't go to waste as the ones on my 2011 Nemisis are starting to show a little wear and tear. Afterall, it's probably only got 8,000 shots on it right now. I hate the idea of having to change the strings and start tuning all over again even though I measure everything. Maybe I'll just save these new ones till after the new bow is set up and shooting to my satisfaction.
Don't expect pics too soon. Nothing until this thing is set up. One fo the first things needing down is the magical sand paper machining of the cam grooves. Sometyhing I neglected to do with the 2011 model. Also have to contact Joel and order the carbon STS as it came through with the older model.


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Replacement handle, including foam grip. Nuts and bolts are not included.
This product has been discontinued - once we've sold the last, it's gone for good (we're sorry!).
This handle is compatible with the following stroller models:
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Alice understood that women needed to demand the right to vote. In the early 1900s this was very controversial and revolutionary. She and other suffragists held banners that read:
Her skills as a fundraiser helped to build membership and support in the fight towards the 19th Amendment – which gave women the right to vote.
Her undying passion and vigilance led to prison time and hunger strikes. While in prison, she served the hardest time in solitary confinement and was force-fed raw eggs until she vomited blood. Her fierce advocacy is not only something to be remembered but also something to learn and advance from.
No one should ever have to face prison time for equality. EVER!
Alice never got to see equality for women recognized in the United States Constitution. She penned the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) in 1923, and even though we came close in the late 1970s, we fell short of three states. Worse, a deadline was put on the amendment and it expired in 1982.
The deadline for women's equality expired.
It is time for women and men to demand that the deadline limit be removed. It is time to stop making excuses and move forward to real equality.
The amendment is all inclusive. No rights are taken away from anyone. It's very simple:
Equality of rights under the law shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex.
On September 13, 2014, We Are Woman and ERA Action with a coalition of grassroots groups are coming together to stop voter suppression and demand ratification of the ERA.
To honor Alice – Donate what you can, or start saving your own money to get to D.C. September 12 and 13, 2014 for the 21st Century Great Demand.
"After nearly a century, we the people have the privilege and obligation to move forward, building on the foundation Alice began nearly a century ago. Now it is our time to complete the unfinished business of the women's movement by Demanding the ERA ratification deadline be removed and working to obtain the 3 additional states required, making the ERA the law of the land!"
- ERA Action
The resolutions introduced by Sen. Ben Cardin (D-MD) and Rep. Rob Andrews (D-NJ) to remove the deadline:
SJRes15 - 34 cosponsors. HJRes43 - 104 cosponsors.


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i made these last night. they were very very good. the dough was irresistible! you will die.
i made them with milk chocolate and am kind of wishing i would have done bittersweet.
i am taking photos of them in just few minutes! woot woot!
oh and i can't wait for all of march's recipes. i am already excited for the yogurt cake.


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Complete all of the steps to make the character preview appear.
Please note:
The estimated standard dispatch date for your Claireabella item is: Friday, November 7th 2014
ClaireaBella Kids Hoodie
ClaireaBella Kids Hoodies are the hottest hoodies on the market for your little one, now they can create their very own ClaireaBella character and Join the aBella family today!Read Full Description
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ClaireaBella Princess Notebook£7.99
ClaireaBella kids hoodies make a fantastic gift for any occasion and are guaranteed to make you a gift hero. Featuring brand new designs created by ClaireaBella for children, these fab hoodies can be personalised to make each garment extra special. Buy your ClaireaBella children's hoodie now, exclusively at ToxicFox.co.uk.
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All of our Hoodies are sourced from WRAP accredited suppliers giving you a complete piece of mind that all our products are manufactured in a lawful, humane and ethical way. Hoodies are 80% cotton, 20% Polyester and weigh 280gsm. Be one of the first to own this fantastic hoodie and be the envy of your friends.
ClaireaBella Hoodies are Exclusive to ToxicFox.co.uk.
Please Note: If you are unsure of which size to purchase or have any questions regaring these stunning hoodies, please do not hesitate in contacting us prior to purchasing.
Customer Reviews
Kids hoodie
Ordered the blue colour for my 9yr old. It's a lovely royal blue and the quality and image is fantastic. Im thinking of ordering the other colours for her :)Sarah C-L 28/01/2014
my 5 year old daughter luvs it she is over the moon thanks!zoe 20/09/2013
Brilliant present for my daughter, she will love it xxNatalie 30/07/2013


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Prices and availability are subject to change from the time and date that you print this page.
10/26/2014 5:38:12 AM. For Customer Service, please call 800.606.6252
Pickup choose from 22 warehouse locations when you click the pickup button in your cart.
24/7. Convertible three-position seater/sleeper is the am/pm solution for the space-challenged or the friendly out-of-towner. By day it's an upright but comfy lounge that can also angle back 45 degrees for TV/reading. Shut-eye rolls around, the back flips all the way down and voilà…a worthy platform bed with real pocketed coil mattress innersprings that sleeps two. Tailored fresh in frost textured weave channeled with a baseball topstitch and neat flange along the edge. Powdercoated hand-welded metal and mesh frame; sleek polished chrome base. High-density foam with pocketed coil inner-springs.
After you place your order, we will send a fabric swatch via next day air for your final approval. We will contact you to verify both your receipt and approval of the fabric swatch before finalizing your order.
Details and Dimensions
flex sleeper sofa in frost. 80"Wx37.5"Dx33.5"H
- Three-position back: upright, 45-degree lounge or fully open sleeper for two
- Tufted poly fabric: frost
- Pocketed coil springs with foam cushion
- Sleeper position best accommodates a queen fitted sheet
- Made in China
Overall DimensionsWidth: 80" Depth: 37.5" Height: 33.5" SeatWidth: 80" Depth: 24.5" Height: 15" OpenWidth: 80" Depth: 49" Height: 15"
Assembly may be required for this item based on shipping location and delivery method. Items shipped via In-Home Delivery will be placed in the room of your choice and assembled. All packaging will be removed and recycled at our warehouse for Local In-Home Delivery, or placed at your curbside or nearest trash pickup area for Long Distance In-Home Delivery. Items shipped via Basic Freight Delivery or picked up in store will require assembly and easy-to-follow instructions will be included in your order. You can view your assigned delivery method in your Cart. If you have any questions, please email or call us at 800.606.6252.
Trouble viewing? Download Adobe Acrobat Reader or email or call us at 800.606.6252.
- Do not leave spills unattended.
- X: Vacuum or light brushing only to remove overall soil.
- Vacuum regularly.
- Keep out of direct sunlight to prevent fading.
- Fabric protection is optional.
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The short story is that you have 90 days within receipt of your purchase to make a return on most non-furniture items. For furniture returns or exchanges, please call us within 7 days of receipt at 800.606.6252 so we can advise you on how to make your return within 90 days of receipt. Notably, for Special Order upholstery items, returns and exchanges are limited to transit damage or manufacturing defect. Our policy is simple. If you are not satisfied with your purchase, we promise an appropriate refund, credit or exchange.


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Welcome To The Macleay Serviced Apartments / Hotel, Sydney
The 2014 City to Surf Sydney will be held on Sunday August 10, 2014.
The City to Surf is a 14km fun run sponsored by the Sun Herald newspaper, and is held in the city of Sydney.
The race is one of the biggest running races in the world and attracts over 60,000 participants.
Since 1971 Sydney residents have been joined by participants from all over the world to run, walk or watch the race from the start in Hyde Park in the CBD to the spectacular finish at Bondi Beach.
The 2009 charity initiative, Herald Heroes, raised almost $2 million by race day!
The start line is located at Hyde Park and is only a 10 minute walk from The Macleay Serviced Apartments/Hotel.
On your return from Bondi Beach free buses run to Bondi Junction train station and from there only 2 stops to Kings Cross station less than a 5 minute walk from the hotel.


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With 2010 quickly departing, I thought it might be fun to look back on my adventures over the last twelve months. I've never written a "Year in Review" post before because my commitment to blogging isn't exactly gold star worthy, but it might be nice to end the year with some enthusiasm for 2011!
January 2010
Ooooops! I didn't write a single post in January 2010. But, that doesn't mean life was dull! I made Tim cupcakes for his 33rd birthday and we had no trouble eating the entire dozen by ourselves (not all at once of course!):
We also went out to dinner with friends at Portobello Vegan Trattoria. This was a special day because we rarely go out to eat.
February 2010
I turned 33 in February. Tim made me a gorgeous cake:
I also baked up a storm for Portland's Vegan Bake Sale for Haiti, took part in Chicago Soy Dairy's Teese Challenge two times, and volunteered at Out to Pasture Animal Sanctuary.
March 2010
In March, Tim and I attended a lecture given by Lauren Ornelas of the Food Empowerment Project. She is a true inspiration to me and I take advantage of every opportunity to hear her speak about food justice and veganism. We also had a visit from Tim's family. We spent a lot of time with his sister, Liz:
We took her to several fun Oregon landmarks, including Multnomah Falls:
And we fed her yummy vegan waffle sandwiches from FlavourSpot:
Finally, Tim and I went on a gorgeous hike near Mt. Saint Helen's:
April 2010
To celebrate Earth Day, I wrote a lengthy post about how we can all reduce our impact on the planet. Tim and I went on hike and encountered some snow:
But, we made it to the top and enjoyed expansive views, especially of Mt. Saint Helens:
I was also testing recipes for Celine and Joni's forthcoming (third!!!) cookbook:
May 2010
In May, I participated in another vegan bake sale, this time helping to raise money for Galapagos Preservation Society. I made brownies and pizza rolls!
Tim and I also went on LOTS of bike rides – as a result, I built up my endurance for longer rides:
Tim and I also took a nice trip to Seattle for a friend's art show and continued on to the Olympic Peninsula for more adventure.
June 2010
June was an incredibly busy month with plenty of backpacking, Portland's Run for Congo Women, Vegan Iron Chef 2010, and the Let Live Animal Rights Conference 2010. I think June was the best month for animal/human rights activism. It was a good month.
July 2010
July marked a major turning point for me in my life. I impulsively quit my job after five years as a legal assistant. I was dreadfully unhappy and unfulfilled. It was a smart decision. I put my mental health above financial security. I have been struggling with depression for the last ten years and quitting my job put me one step closer to letting happiness into my life. Tim and I immediately celebrated with a backpacking vacation. It was awesome. We also went cherry picking, I announced that I was writing a vegan brownie cookbook, I opened an Etsy shop called Chirp Cards, and attended a summer open house at Out to Pasture Animal Sanctuary:
August 2010
August was an exciting, productive month for me. I worked with the absolutely wonderful Isa Moskowitz to help with cooking, cleaning, and photo shoot preparation for her newest cookbook, Appetite for Reduction. I learned a lot from Isa and had a blast helping her. It was one of the greatest highlights of my summer. If you don't own this book yet, make it your New Year's resolution to purchase it, cook from it, and take naps with it.
I was also hard at work creating brownie recipes despite an over-heating oven and sky high temperatures outdoors. I spent more time at Out to Pasture Animal Sanctuary as well.
September 2010
September resulted in more backpacking adventures, Portland's Veg Fest, a Dandies Challenge, a visit to new vegan food cart in Portland, and bike rides to our favorite places:
October 2010
October was a pretty mellow month. Tim and I took advantage of free time and went hiking:
We also went to Portland's annual Apple Fest and bought close to 20 pounds of local apples:
And, we attended another volunteer work party at Out to Pasture Animal Sanctuary.
November 2010
November was another busy month. I made a new friend and we spent MANY hours together cooking, baking, and eating. I participated in Vegan MoFo and posted every day for the entire month – a big accomplishment for me! To check out all of my MoFo posts, click here. Tim and I went on three hikes, including one with my dad when he visited us early in the month. I also taught myself yoga!
Tim, our friend Kittee, and I also participated in the annual Fur Free Friday march in downtown Portland. The march protested wearing, buying, and creating fur apparel. It was a peaceful, educational, and effective protest.
December 2010
December brought a temporary halt to my brownie cookbook. My motivation plummeted and I was making a lot of cards to keep my Etsy shop full. Bike riding slowed a bit as well since wind, rain, and gloomy weather dominated most days. Baking took up most of my time, but we managed to enjoy a few baked treats made by others too!
We celebrated Christmas Eve with friends and lots of pizza. I got a new camera lens from Tim so expect some exciting photos next year!
I have a nice list of goals for 2011, so stay tuned for a post about what I hope to accomplish!
Happy New Year everybody!!!


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- Loved TheseReview by Tunisia
These sashes were a great addition to the polyester chair covers. They really took my decor to the next level! I'll be ordering more for my sons Baby dedication.(Posted on 1/22/14)
- Not just for chairs!Review by Nat
We plan on using these as an extra layer to our royal blue satin table runners. They are about the same length but only half the width so they look amazing layered over an ivory table cloth. We're using black universal chair covers, or else we'd use them as chair sashes, as well.(Posted on 3/6/13)
- Great Price and QualityReview by Temira
I ordered 20 of these along with 20 pink ones and 40 white polyester chair covers. They looked great together and added an elegant look to my graduation party. I will now use they for a child's birthday party next. I will continue to order the sashes until I have every color.(Posted on 12/15/12)
- fast shippingReview by Lakisia
I ordered these for my june wedding during the black friday sale. They arrived today, just a few days later. They are beautiful and I am so excited for my wedding. The reception is going to be gorgeous thanks the Linen tablecloths!(Posted on 11/28/12)
- black organaza sashesReview by Elizabeth
I purchased the black sashes for a Delta Sorority Event, I catered along with red and silver. I alternated the sashes with the color of the table linen. I was surprised myself how elgeant the whole blk, silver, red looked under a big white tent with the chair covers. I had the whole neighborhood riding by to see the set up. I gave your company a plug to a soon to be bride to order her linens and not used rental. I gave her the infor on how easy it is to purchase and what wonderful prices you have. I will always use your company due to the quality of your product and how the atmosphere was transferred by using the real thing. Thank you for being there(Posted on 6/2/12)


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- Antique Jewelry
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Classic Edwardian Ceylon Sapphire Diamond Earrings
Classical and neoclassical designs are staples of fine jewelry. Trends come and go yet a certain sense of the aesthetic remains eternal. Such is the case with this pair of Ceylon sapphire and diamond platinum earrings. Sapphires mined in Ceylon (presently Sri Lanka) have characteristic cornflower blue hues rather than the typically dark royal blue of sapphires from many other countries.
Classical lines follow in this pair of late Edwardian pendant earrings. The naturalistic composition of leaves and buds set with rose cut and old European cut diamonds in a flowing line are punctuated with an oval faceted sapphire of an estimated 2.25 carats set in a simple collet of platinum. This traditional three element design includes a round diamond set platinum surmount. In all, each earring features fourteen (14) rose cut and four (4) old European cut diamonds with a total estimated diamond weight of .43 carats. For ease of wear later post ear wires have been added.
Date: Circa 1920.
Measurements: 1-1/2 of an inch (3.8 cm) in length by 3/8 of an inch (1.0 cm) in width. Weight of 6.1 grams (3.9 dwt) for the pair including ear nuts.
Condition: Very good; light wear to facet edges of sapphires visible with magnification; later post ear fittings.
Note: Stones were not removed to preserve the integrity of the setting. All weights are approximated by measurement and formula and may vary from actual weights.
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- Antique Jewelry
- The Ages
- Engagement Rings
- Antique Rings
- Diamond Jewelry
- So Much More
Edwardian Oranges and Cream in a Pearl & Citrine Ring
A ring of twelve natural half seed pearls (untested but assumed natural) of about 2 mm in diameter creates a lustrous pillow to cradle a rapturous 1.5 carat natural orange huge citrine gemstone. Each half pearl is set within an embrace of 14k yellow gold in the formation of a coronet mount. Incised details cover the shoulders as they gently taper into a smooth and silken band of gold.
Measurements: 9/16 of an inch (1.4 cm) in length north to south on the hand by ½ of an inch (1.3 cm) in width. Weight of 5.9 grams (3.8 dwt).
Ring Size: Just under US 6-3/4 (UK under P; Int. Dia. 17.75; Euro 56.25; Japan under 14) and can be easily sized. Ring sizing information.
Condition: Excellent.
Date & Origin: Circa 1890.
Note: All gemstone weights are approximate as the stones have not been removed in order to preserve the integrity of the setting.
Forms of Payment
- VISA and MasterCard, Discover and American Express credit & debit cards.
- Personal checks drawn on U.S. banks only - Please allow 7 business days for clearance.
- Money orders, cashier's and traveler's checks - Please allow 7 business days for clearance.
- PayPal.
Other Forms of Payment
Bank Wire - For international orders and orders of $5,000 and over. Please contact us for more details.
Layaway information and for full details see Payment Methods.
Same Day Shipping - Order by 1 pm CST M-F!
FREE for All U.S. Orders - Standard 2 Day Shipping.
FREE for All International Orders - Standard 2-7 Day Shipping.
Full details at Shipping & Insurance.
Complete Money Back No-Risk Guarantee
Our Guarantee
If for any reason whatsoever you are not completely satisfied with your purchase, we will refund the FULL purchase price including U.S. shipping if charged. Remember, there is no charge for our regular shipping service!
International Orders - Due to customs and paperwork requirements, return shipping charges cannot be reimbursed.
Return Procedure
- Notify us of your intention to return the item within three (3) days of receipt. You may contact us by email or by telephone.
- Please ship back to us within another two (2) days after we receive notification from you.
- As soon as the item is received, a full refund is issued to you that same day.
More details at Full Guarantee including gift giving options.


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Source Recognition refers to the ability of a listener to ascribe a real or imaginary physical origin or provenance to a sound. This is likely to be a great significance in Acousmatic listening situations, to the extent that it may become an aspect of the musical discourse. The term is closely allied to the concept of Timbre.
See also:Abstract Sound, Acousmatic, Gesture, Mimesis, Referential Sound, Source Bonding, Spectromorphology, Surrogacy, Timbre
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Charlotte combines big city living with southern hospitality. The Queen City is home to some of the best conference and convention facilities. The Charlotte Convention Center can host 8000 attendees. Your guests can stay at a charming bed and breakfast or enjoy the luxuries of a large hotel. Enjoy a game at one of Charlotte's 50 golf courses. Dine at one of many fine restaurants.
Nightlife is alive and well in Charlotte! Enjoy an evening at a martini bar, dance club or lounge. September celebrates Charlotte Shout with performances throughout the city at various venues. Enjoy art or host an event at a museum. Discover Charlotte - visit Charlotte Tourism today.
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Score a premium perspective on all the hard-hitting final showdown action when you gear up for the 2012 NHL Stanley Cup Final game between the New Jersey Devils and the Los Angeles Kings with this Reebok Dueling cap. It features bold Stanley Cup Final graphics with both teams' logos, making for a tough display of your NHL spirit, no matter which team you're rooting for!
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Final Report
Nikolle L. Brown and R. William Mannan
Arizona Game and Fish Department
Heritage Grant I20010
October 2002
The findings, opinions, and recommendations in this report are those of the investigators who have received partial or full funding from the Arizona Game and Fish Department Heritage Fund. The findings, opinions, and recommendations do not necessarily reflect those of the Arizona Game and Fish Commission or the Department, or necessarily represent official Department policy or management practice. For further information, please contact the Arizona Game and Fish Department.
Burrowing owls are considered to be generally uncommon and local residents in a variety of environments in Arizona (Phillips et al. 1964, Monson and Phillips 1981, Brown 2001a and b). The exception is in the agricultural lands along the Lower Colorado River near Yuma where they are considered to be common (Monson and Phillips 1981, Rosenberg et al. 1991). Relative to other areas within its geographic range, not much is known about burrowing owls in Arizona. Although the status of the species in this state was reviewed in 1979 (Johnson et al. 1979) and in 1986 (Johnson-Duncan et al. 1988), the results were incomplete and the overall status remains unknown.
Participants in the Second International Burrowing Owl Symposium in Ogden, Utah, (1998), concluded that the burrowing owl is declining over a majority of its range, and that there is a need for a better understanding of the relationship between burrowing owls and other fossorial animals, such as prairie dogs (Cynomys gunnisoni) and ground squirrels (Citellus sp.). The burrowing owl is already listed as a sensitive species (Endangered, Threatened, Species of Special Concern, or Sensitive) in many states, including California and Utah; and the species is classified as endangered in Canada and threatened in Mexico. At present, although the burrowing owl is on the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's (U.S.F.W.S.) list of Species of Management Concern (1995), it has no federal standing in the United States. However, a federal (U.S.F.W.S.) status review of the western burrowing owl has been drafted (Brown 2001a: Arizona).
There has been only one localized study conducted on burrowing owls in Arizona (in Tucson; Estabrook and Mannan 1998) and one note published on the species' diet in Arizona (in an agricultural portion of Mesa; Glover 1953). In 1998, the Arizona Game and Fish Department (AGFD) Partners in Flight Program considered the burrowing owl a Priority Species in the High Elevation Grasslands Habitat classification (Latta et al. 1999). deVos (1998) concluded that there is a need to "conserve and manage Arizona's native grassland habitats" in order to maintain populations of this species. Also more information is needed on the abundance and overall status of burrowing owls in the Arizona, so that a state conservation effort can be initiated, if information warrants such action.
In 1998, Brown (2001b) summarized existing information about burrowing owls in Arizona. A database consisting of over 250 locations (general and specific), including the Arizona Breeding Bird Atlas (ABBA) data, was created and an annotated bibliography of burrowing owls in Arizona was initiated. Brown's (2001b) effort was the first since The Birds of Arizona (Phillips et al. 1964) to compile information about burrowing owls in Arizona. However, deVos (1998) provided a general overview of the species in Arizona.
1 In addition to historical natural habitats, burrowing owls also use areas associated with human development (Phoenix metropolitan area, Tucson; R. Ditch, pers. comm., Estabrook and Mannan 1998) and can cause wildlife/development conflicts if the presence of the owls is not known during planning stages (G. Beatty, AGFD, pers. comm. 1998). With considerable development occurring and slated for Arizona, knowledge of the distribution of burrowing owls could reduce conflicts and provide for mitigation of important habitats and populations of owls.
This project was proposed to complete the study initiated by Brown in 1998 (Brown 2001b), and expand on the surveys initiated by Estabrook and Mannan (1998), by gathering more information on the burrowing owl in Arizona. Information on the distribution and abundance of burrowing owls in Arizona should help promote a proactive approach to the conservation and management of a species that is declining over its range.
We proposed in this study to assess the status of the burrowing owl in Arizona at locations recorded in the past. Our objectives were to: 1) Determine presence/absence and general distribution of burrowing owls in Arizona; 2) Determine vegetation types used by burrowing owls in Arizona; and 3) Complete a literature search and other written inquiries on burrowing owls in Arizona to determine historical occurrence, habitat use, effects of land-use practices, and management needs.
The study area encompassed the whole state. However, areas surveyed were based on records gathered by Brown (2001b) and also include records obtained since the initial inquiry (Brown pers. comm.). Records included those of both historical and recent occurrence and were scattered throughout the state (Appendix A).
The database of historical and recent records was created from inquiries consisting of questionnaires and personal contacts (1998-2001) regarding burrowing owls. Federal and state land management and resources agencies, independent biologists, and bird-enthusiasts throughout the state were contacted. Arizona Breeding Bird Atlas (ABBA: AZGFD 1993-2000) information was acquired and location information was sought from literature searches, including published and unpublished reports and notes (Brown 2001b). The database was then reduced to include all the ABBA blocks that were reported to have had burrowing owls and all sites whose descriptions were sufficient to
relocate them, resulting in 206 sites. Many sites required a permit to survey for owls and applications were submitted in early 2001. A few permits were not granted which reduced the database to 188 sites (Appendix D).
We conducted visual surveys at sites during the breeding season (from March to August 2001), and in winter season (January and February, 2002). We also used the playback survey method (Haug and Didiuk 1993) at a limited subsample of the breeding season surveys. In winter, visual surveys focused on the areas where burrowing owls were found in the breeding season to determine use of the area by the owls in the winter. If possible, the area was searched to determine the specific location of the nest burrow, and to determine if owls were in the area.
Visual surveys consisted of a 360 degree scan with binoculars (and occasionally a spotting scope) every 0.3 km along roads throughout the designated survey area (site), spending two to five minutes at each stop. The 0.3 km distance was modified (extended or shortened) if factors did not permit the survey effort to take place at that distance (e.g., inability to pull off the road or stop safely, visibility was obstructed, dense vegetation, residences were in close proximity/privacy, was asked to leave the area, etc.). The number of stops at each site varied depending on the accessibility (existence of roads) and specificity of the location, but the effort did not exceed two hours at any site. The survey effort may have been abandoned if we deemed the area completely unsuitable for burrowing owls (e.g., commercial development, dense trees, or other vegetation), or if we could not access the area.
ABBA blocks were approximately 26 square km (ten square miles) in size (equal to one-sixth of a 7.5 minute topographic map). We attempted to survey along every accessible road in the block (without overlapping the survey effort). We surveyed along all accessible roads within 1.6 km of all other sites. In sites where we were not able to safely pull off the road, we scanned the site while driving slowly along all accessible roads.
During the breeding season, we conducted visual surveys from sunrise to 1330 and 1530 to sunset, attempting to avoid the hottest temperatures of the day. Winter surveys were conducted during the warmest part of the day (0900-1600). Due to the variation in temperatures across the elevations, we initiated breeding season surveys in the southern portion of the state, and winter surveys in the northern portion of the state.
3 We conducted the playback surveys with calls (the 'song' and alarm call) taped from Peterson's Western Bird Songs, a cassette walkman, and a modified megaphone set at a moderate level. Although the responses of different species to taped calls vary (Smith 1990), the burrowing owl is known to respond to
playback recordings (Haug and Didiuk 1993). Playback surveys were conducted from dusk until three hours after sunset. We established playback stations along
roads every 0.8 km because the tapes could be heard beyond 0.3 km. At each station, we listened for one minute, played the tape for one minute, and then listed again for three minutes. During the minute broadcast of calls, the speaker was rotated 360 degrees to allow the calls to be broadcasted in all compass directions.
We recorded the following information during the visual and playback surveys: the number of owls detected; method of detection; direction and estimated distance of the observation or detection (playback surveys); age of owls (adult or juvenile), if possible; description of the environment where owls were observed; activity of the owl; and when possible, description and location of burrow (nest or satellite). We mapped the locations of the owls and known nest burrows on 7.5-minute topographic maps and Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) coordinates were calculated for all known nests. Incidental observations of burrowing owls (i.e., those outside survey sites) were also recorded.
The location of the owl was described as microhabitat and macrohabitat (surrounding area). The vegetation types in which the owls were detected were recorded following that of the ABBA classification (Arizona Breeding Bird Atlas 1993-2000). However, the Rural and Residential classifications were further divided to allow more specificity (Appendix B).
The literature search for historical and recent information on burrowing owls in Arizona was continued. Questionnaires (Appendix C) were also sent to various wildlife rehabilitation centers and other contacts throughout the state in order to determine frequency of calls about burrowing owls and the number of owls treated.
There were 281 records of burrowing owl locations in the original database, which we reduced to 206 based on the ability to determine where the sites were located. We could not obtain permits for 18 sites, which further reduced the total survey sites to 188. Of the 188 sites, we could not survey 24 for a variety of reasons, resulting in a total of 164 sites surveyed, of which 15 sites were only
partial surveys. During the 2001 breeding season, burrowing owls were observed
4 at a total of 29 sites (17.7 % of the 164 sites), plus four additional locations found opportunistically (89 owls and 19 young; Appendix D). Burrowing owls were detected at only one of the 15 sites that obtained partial surveys. Excluding the 14 partial surveys where no owls were detected, this would result in 19% of the 150 sites surveyed detected the presence of burrowing owls.
Of the 188 sites to be surveyed in 2001, there were total of 87 ABBA blocks; of these, 59 were full survey efforts, 10 were partial survey efforts, and 18 were not surveyed. There was one block (Wellton Mesa, Yuma Co.) where no owls were detected in the visual survey, but two owls were detected in a playback survey. Of the 29 sites where owls were found, 21 were ABBA blocks (including the playback survey); thus of the 69 ABBA blocks surveyed, burrowing owls were only found in 30% of them. Burrowing owls were not detected in the 10 ABBA blocks that obtained only partial surveys; thus of the 59 blocks that were full survey efforts, 36% of these detected the presence of burrowing owls. Ninety of the remaining 119 sites (specific locations) were full survey efforts, two were partial survey efforts, three were drive-by surveys, and 24 were not surveyed. At only eight (8.4%) of the 95 specific sites were burrowing owls found. If the partially surveyed sites (including the drive-bys) where owls were not detected were excluded, this would result in 8.8% (8 of 91) of the specific sites surveyed contained burrowing owls.
The area where the most owls were found was in and around Yuma. The burrowing owls found in this area were primarily associated with burrows along concrete-lined irrigation canals in agricultural areas (6 pr, 6 owls). Other nests found in the Yuma area were in creosote flats (Sonoran Desertscrub) and along a main canal.
The microhabitats used by nesting burrowing owls in 2001 is ranked (high to low) as follows: irrigation canal (primarily concrete-lined canals), prairie dog town, creosote flat, canal/levee, pasture, Great Basin Desertscrub, nestbox, old prairie dog town, plowed area (culvert), Great Basin Grassland, and fallow field. The macrohabitats used by nesting burrowing owls were agricultural, Great Basin Desertscrub, Semidesert Grassland, urban, rural, Plains Grassland, pasture, residential, and Great Basin Grassland (Appendices E and Fb). The UTMs for the nest sites have been provided to the Arizona Game and Fish Department.
We revisited 97% (32 of 33) sites where burrowing owls were found in the breeding season. Similar to the nesting results, the primary areas where the owls were found in the winter were irrigation canals in agricultural areas (Appendix E and Fb).
5 There was one breeding ABBA block where three nests were found that was inaccessible in the winter, and thus the specific UTMs and nest locations were not documented. (This was also an agricultural area with nests on a levee overlooking the fields and one along an irrigation canal.) Also, there was one additional site where an owl was observed only in the winter via a drive-by incidental observation (along an irrigation canal). Of the 33 sites where owls were found in the breeding season, only 27.3% (nine sites), plus the one additional site, had owls in the winter (16 owls). The wintering owls were found throughout the state, but Cibola National Wildlife Refuge (La Paz County) and Pinal County supported the most owls (5 and 4 respectively; Appendices D, Fa, and Fb).
An annotated bibliography on burrowing owls in Arizona was completed as a result of the literature and document search (Appendix G). There were 70 references found regarding burrowing owls in Arizona, eight of which were not personally reviewed.
Of the 14 wildlife rehabilitation persons contacted, all responded. The majority of the rehabilitators were located in the Phoenix and Tucson area. There were only two contacts in northern Arizona. The rehabilitators in northern Arizona informed us that they rarely receive calls about burrowing owls and only received an estimated three burrowing owls in several years. All of the active rehabilitators in central and southern Arizona receive anywhere from one to 50 calls (typically 2-15) per year regarding burrowing owls; many of which may be from concerned citizens about an owl on the ground, or the need for relocation due to construction. Forty-three percent of the responses to the surveys suggested an increase in calls regarding the owls over the last five years. It was suggested that the increase in construction and, hence, the need for relocation of the owls has caused the increase in calls, particularly in the Phoenix and Tucson metropolitan areas. Twenty-one percent of the responses mentioned that the number of calls concerning burrowing owls has remained constant and 21% mentioned a decrease in calls. However, it was suggested by the respondents that the decrease in calls was due to the lack of remaining habitat for the owls.
The main reason rehabilitators received calls about burrowing owls concerned injuries (i.e. head trauma, wing injuries, harassment by children with b.b.guns and rocks, other impact injuries from vehicles and trains, and poisoning). If the owls are able to heal from the injuries, all rehabilitators (100%) released owls in the area where the owls were found, or another area thought to be suitable. Although most rehabilitators conduct their own education programs, there was an overall agreement (93%; 13 of 14) that additional public awareness and education on burrowing owls would be beneficial.
In 2001 breeding season survey effort, burrowing owls were not found in 82.3% of the locations where they formally nested in Arizona (the latter based on Brown 2001b; 80.7%, if we omit the 14 partial surveys where no owls were observed). Although there was an apparent decline of nesting populations at these locations, we cannot extrapolate this to be a decline throughout the state. In addition to the fact that the survey effort was not state-wide and was limited to one year, environmental conditions (changes in rainfall and prey availability) are other factors that may have played a part in the absence of the owls at these sites. There were also limitations of the 2001 survey technique, particularly road transects and one-time visits, that may have been additional factors. More owls were found on the larger ABBA blocks than on the more numerous specific sites (29% versus 8.4%). According to records and the literature, southeastern Arizona used to support high levels of both prairie dogs and burrowing owls (Bendire 1892, Bent 1938, Phillips et al. 1964, Brown 2001b: Appendix A); however, prairie dogs in southeastern Arizona were extirpated years ago. In the 2001 breeding season, there were no burrowing owls (0%) observed in 21 former breeding locations in southeastern Arizona (Cochise and Santa Cruz counties). Numerous burrows were observed during surveys in these locations. However, most of the burrows observed had cobwebs and no physical or visual evidence of any current or recent activity (e.g., footprints, feathers, whitewash, pellets, scat).
Although deVos (1998) suggested burrowing owls were year-round residents throughout Arizona, both Phillips et al. (1964) and our survey effort suggest otherwise. The winter of 2001 in Arizona was mild and owls were year-round residents throughout the state. However, between the summer and winter seasons in 2001, there was a drastic decline in burrowing owl numbers. The decline may be from migration, but there was also evidence of human and other predatory impacts. There were a few sites (primarily irrigation canals in agricultural areas) where the nest burrows were destroyed (filled-in), one site where remains of an owl were found, and another site where a predated burrowing owl egg and a kit fox (Vulpes macrotis) skull were found outside of the burrow. Estabrook and Mannan (1998) also noted impacts to the burrowing owl burrows along the canals and washes in Tucson, and T. Pinto (pers. comm., Flood Control District of Maricopa Co. 2002) also noted destruction of known burrowing owl burrows along canals in Phoenix within the past year. Hence, there is a great deal of human impact on the owl's most important habitat in Arizona, which suggests it may add to the decline of this species in Arizona.
In light of the consistent growth in the metropolitan areas in Arizona, a potentially important management strategy would be to establish state-wide mitigation
7 protocols as processes for development or any type of construction. An example of this would be encouraging developers to compensate for the habitat destruction by providing either alternate areas of habitat (i.e., preserves) or a monetary donation for such habitat, and providing funding for the relocation of owls to appropriate areas. Another beneficial element would be to provide educational programs about burrowing owls to the public, particularly the agricultural community and the city and county personnel in Arizona in order to assist in the prevention of a further decline.
Arizona Breeding Bird Atlas. Unpubl. data (1993-2000). Arizona Game and Fish Dept., Nongame Branch, Phoenix, AZ.
Bendire, C. 1892. Life histories of North American birds with special reference to their breeding habits and eggs, with twelve lithographic plates. U.S. Govt. Printing Office, Washington, DC.
Bent, A. C. 1938. Life histories of North American birds of prey. Part 2. U.S. Natl. Mus. Bull. No. 170.
Brown, N. L. 2001a. Appendix A: State Summaries of Burrowing Owl Status: Arizona. Pages 40-43 in the Draft Status Assessment and Conservation Plan for the Burrowing Owl in the United States. (Anderson, S. H., L. W. Ayers, J. A. Dechant, M. T. Green, W. H. Howe, S. L. Jones, D. S. Klute, D. K. Rosenberg, S. R. Sheffield, T. S. Zimmerman, Eds.) U.S.F.W.S., Denver, CO.
Brown, N. L. 2001b. The Howdy Owls of Arizona: A Review. Proceedings of the Second International Burrowing Owl Symposium, Ogden, Utah, 28-29 September, 1998. J. Raptor Res. 35:344-350.
deVos, J. C., Jr., 1998. Burrowing Owl (Athene cunicularia). Pages 166-169 in The Raptors of Arizona (R. L. Glinski, Ed.). Univ. of Arizona Press, Tucson; Arizona Game and Fish Dept., Phoenix, AZ.
Estabrook, T. S., and R. W. Mannan. 1998. Urban habitat selection by Burrowing Owls: Final report. Heritage Grant U96006; Arizona Game and Fish Dept., Phoenix, AZ.
Glover, F. A. 1953. Summer foods of the Burrowing Owl. Condor 55:275.
Haug, E. A., and A. B. Didiuk. 1993. Use of recorded calls to detect Burrowing Owls. J. Field Ornithol. 64:188-194.
Johnson, R. R., L. T. Haight, and J. M. Simpson. 1979. Owl populations and species status in the southwestern United States. Pages 40-59 in Proceedings of the National Audubon Society's symposium on the Owls of the West: their ecology and conservation (P. P. Schaeffer and S. M. Ehlers, Eds.). Tiburon, CA.
Johnson-Duncan, E. E., D. K. Duncan, and R. R. Johnson. 1988. Small nesting raptors as indicators of change in the southwest desert. Pages 232-236 in Proceedings of the Southwest Raptor Management Symposium and Workshop, 1986 (Glinski, Pendelton, Moss, LeFranc, Millsap, Hoffman, Eds.) Nat. Wild. Fed. Sci. and Tech. Series No. 11. Washington, DC.
Latta, M. J., C. J. Beardmore, and T. E. Corman. 1999. Arizona Partners in Flight Bird Conservation Plan. Version 1.0. Nongame and Endangered Wildlife Program Technical Report 142. Arizona Game and Fish Dept., Phoenix, AZ.
Monson, G., and A. R. Phillips. 1981. Annotated checklist of the birds of Arizona. Univ. of Arizona Press, Tucson, AZ.
Phillips, A., G. Monson, and J. Marshall. 1964. The Birds of Arizona. Univ. of Arizona Press, Tucson, AZ.
Rosenberg, K. V., R. D. Ohmart, W. C. Hunter, and B. W. Anderson. 1991. Birds of the Lower Colorado River Valley. Univ. of Arizona Press, Tucson, AZ.
Smith, D. G. 1990. A review of the methods to locate and census owls of the southeast. Pages 228-238 in Proceed. Southeast raptor management symposium. Nat. Wildl. Fed., Washington, DC.
U.S.F.W.S. 1995. Migratory nongame birds of management concern in the United States: The 1995 list. Office of Migratory Bird Management, Washington, DC.
Historical and Recent Burrowing Owl Distributions in Arizona
Habitat Classifications
Habitat Classifications
(based of the ABBA classifications)
Great Basin Grassland – scattered pinyon and juniper
Plains Grassland – predominantly flat and open continuous grassland, primarily between 5,000 and 7500 feet in elevation (northern Arizona)
Semidesert Grassland – often with scattered sotol, agaves, burroweed, snakeweed, yucca, mesquite
Sonoran Savanna Grassland – scattered mesquite, ironwood, palo verde
Great Basin Desertscrub – sagebrush, blackbrush, shadscale
Mohave Desertscrub – Joshua tree, creosote bush, saltbush
Chihuahuan Desertscrub – creosote bush, tarbush, whitethorn acacia
Sonoran Desertscrub:
1) Lower Colorado River Biome – mesquite, saguaro, creosote bush, white bursage, brittlebush, saltbush
2) Arizona Upland Biome – paloverde, ironwood, mesquite, catclaw acacia, saguaro, cholla, barrel cactus, prickly pear, creosote bush, jojoba, crucifixion-thorn
Residential -- (ornamental plantings, yards, residential ponds, lakes, canals)
Developed/Being developed
Parks --
City parks planted to grass and trees
Golf courses
Industrial – downtowns, commercial districts, warehouses, little vegetation
Rural – scattered farm buildings/homesteads
Sewer and settling ponds
Cultivated Woodlands – orchards, tree farms
Agricultural – grain fields, hayfields, cotton fields, etc
Irrigation canals
Barren Ground – plowed fields
Disturbed areas, fallow fields (tumbleweeds, etc)
Arizona Burrowing Owl Questionnaire
Arizona Burrowing Owl Questionnaire
Nikolle Brown
Wildlife Biologist
SRNR, Biol. Sci. East 104, University of Arizona
Tucson, Arizona 85721
The purpose of this questionnaire is to further assess the known or potential impacts to the Burrowing Owl in Arizona. This questionnaire is a part of a larger project on Burrowing Owls in Arizona that has been funded by the Arizona Game and Fish Department's Natural Heritage Program (2000-2002); field surveys will also be conducted. I would greatly appreciate your time to answer the questions in as much detail as possible and return it by APRIL 2001. (A return envelope has been provided.)
1) Have you received calls about Burrowing Owls? yes no
2) What is the estimated number of calls regarding Burrowing Owls per year?
3) Have you seen an increase or decrease in the calls about Burrowing Owls over the last 5 years?
4) What have been the reason(s) behind the calls? (answer yes/no, add anything else)
a) injured owl(s)?
b) if so, was origin of the injury(s) known? (such as car collision, pet attack, natural predator, etc.)
c) abandoned owl(s)?
d) need for relocation?
e) other, please specify
5) What is the estimated number of Burrowing Owls treated at your center per year?
Reasons for treatment:
6) Do you refer the callers to another center or agency?
If so, to whom do you refer them?
7) Do you release the recovered owls?
If so, where do you typically release them? (location, habitat, etc.)
8) Do you feel a public educational program in your area would help protect the
Burrowing Owl?
9) Other comments?
Thanks again for your time, Nikolle Brown
Total Number of Surveys and Owls by County
Total Number of Surveys and Owls by County
County Sites Not Surveyed Partial w/ Owls Owl # Winter: w/Owls Owl #
Apache 16 1 1 4 11 (+4 young) 1 1
Cochise 24 5 2 0 0 0 0
Coconino 26 12 0 3 4 (+5 young) 1 1
Graham 5 0 0 0 0 0 0
Greenlee/Cochise 1 1 0 0 0 0 0
La Paz 5 2 0 2 10 1 5 Maricopa 30 4 4 3 + 2 off 9 1 + 1 off 2
Mohave 13 1 3 1 1 (+2 young) 1 1
Navajo 27 8 0 5 12 (+8 young) 1 1
Pima 35 7 4 2 6 0 0
Pinal 9 0 1 4 10 2 4
Santa Cruz 2 0 0 0 0 0 0
Yavapai 6 1 0 0 0 0 0
Yuma 7 0 0 5 + 2 off 26 1 1
Totals 206* 42* 15 29 (+4 off) 89 +19 young 9 + 1 off 16
* There were 18 sites where permits were not granted, reducing the total to 188 sites and of those, 24 were not surveyed. (164 sites were surveyed, including the 15 partial surveys).
Ranking of Habitat Given the Number of Owl Nests Found
Ranking of Habitat Given the Number of Owl Nests Found
Microhabitat Breeding Winter
Irrigation canal 12 pair, 14 owls 1 pair, 5 owls
Prairie dog town 7 pair, 4 owls 1 owl
Creosote/ Sonoran Desertscrub 3 pair, 4 owls 1 owl
Canal/levee 1 pair, 5 owls 0
Pasture 3 owls 2 owls
Great Basin Desertscrub 1 pair, 1 owl 1 owl
Nestbox/Agricultural 1 pair, 1 owl 1 pair
Old prairie dog town 1 pair, 1 owl 0
Plowed area (culvert) 2 owls 1 pair
Plains Grassland 1 owl 0
Fallow field 1 owl 0
Macrohabitat Breeding Winter
Agricultural 13 pair, 19 owls 2 pair, 5 owls
Great Basin Desertscrub 5 pair, 1 owl 1 owl
Semidesert Grassland 3 pair, 4 owls 2 owls
Urban 1 pair, 4 owls 1 pair
Rural 2 pair, 3 owls 2 owls
Residential 1 pair, 3 owls 0
Plains Grassland 2 owls 0
Pasture 1 pair 0
Great Basin Grassland 1 owl 0
APPENDIX F a and b
a) MAP B
Locations of Burrowing Owls Found in 2001
b) Map B Reference Data
Annotated Bibliography of Burrowing Owls in Arizona
Annotated Bibliography
Burrowing Owls in Arizona
Arizona Breeding Bird Atlas. Unpubl. data (1993-2000). Arizona Game and Fish Dept., Nongame Branch, Phoenix, AZ.
Bailey, F. M. 1923. Birds recorded from the Santa Rita Mountains in southern Arizona. Pac. Coast Avifauna No. 15.
(p. 19): "One was seen by Dr. C. T. Vorhies, of the University of Arizona, October 19, 1919, at the old wooden gate below McCleary's." --on the west side of the range, at 4,000ft at 'now' Nicholson's Ranch, where the HQ of the U.S. Range Reserve Experiment Station; near Stone Cabin Canyon.
_________. 1939. Among the birds in the Grand Canyon country. U.S. Govt. Printing Office, Washington, DC.
Has 4 records in the area from approximately 1928-mid-1930's.
Bendire, C. 1892. Life histories of North American birds with special reference to their breeding habits and eggs, with twelve lithographic plates. U.S. Govt. Printing Office, Washington, DC.
In Arizona "it is somewhat rarer" (than the 'common' of California).
Bent, A. C. 1938. Life histories of North American birds of prey. Part 2. U.S. Natl. Mus. Bull. No. 170.
A nest was dug out in the prairie of Cochise Co. on 26 April 1922: found female on nine fresh eggs.
Blake, J. G. 1978. Birds of the Lake Mead National Recreation Area, Nevada/Arizona. LAME Technical Report No. 1.
'Rare to uncommon resident', occurring more frequently in the southern portion of LAME, particularly near Katherine Landing.
Bradfield, M. 1974. Birds of the Hopi region, their Hopi names, and notes on their ecology. Mus. of Northern Arizona Bull. No. 48. Flagstaff, AZ.
The author never saw the owl, but was told it was a resident on the main valley floor. Hopi name for the owl is ko'ko.
Bradley, Z. A., and C. D. Lewis, Jr. 1965. A bird checklist for Wupatki and Sunset Crater National Monuments.(AZ).
They cite Merriam (1890) as saying that burrowing owls were "abundant throughout the pinon pine, and spruce zones, and common in parts of the desert where there are bushes for it to perch on." However, this statement is actually what Merriam says of the Sparrow Hawk or kestrel. Yet, they state that there were no modern records of burrowing owls at Wupatki.
Brandt, H. 1951. Arizona and Its Bird Life. Bird Research Foundation, Cleveland, OH.
Notes and observations on this owl and vegetation changes in southeastern Arizona.
_________. 1952. Arizona and its bird life. Arizona Highways 28(5):16-29.
Burrowing owls are mentioned in the desert grassland portion of the schematic cross section of a high desert mountain range that is replicated from the text.
Breninger, G. F. 1901. A list of birds observed on the Pima Indian Reservation, Arizona. Condor 4(3):44-46.
(p. 45) "One seen on the desert" in September; the desert was away from the irrigated, cultivated lands adjacent to the Gila River above the junction with the Salt River.
Brown, B. T., S. W. Carothers, L. T. Haight, R. R. Johnson, and M. M. Riffey. 1984. Birds of the Grand Canyon region: An annotated checklist. Second edition. Grand Canyon Natural History Assoc., AZ.
Used to be found in prairie dog towns near Anita and Pasture washes on South Rim, not observed since 1935 in the park. May still occur in open areas on the South Rim and in Toroweap Valley on North Rim. List breeding dates postulated from "available data": 9 April-28 October.
_________, S. W. Carothers, R. R. Johnson, M. M. Riffey, and L. E. Stevens. 1993. Checklist of the birds of the Grand Canyon region. Grand Canyon Natural History Assoc., AZ.
Former summer resident, no longer occurs.
Brown, N. L. (1998). Priority Species Account for High Elevation Grasslands: Burrowing Owl (Athene cunicularia). Submitted to Arizona Partners in Flight, Arizona Dept. of Game and Fish, Phoenix, AZ.
Brown, N. L. 2001a. Appendix A: State Summaries of Burrowing Owl Status: Arizona. Pages 40-43 in the Draft Status Assessment and Conservation Plan for the Burrowing Owl in the United States. (Anderson, S. H., L. W. Ayers, J. A. Dechant, M. T. Green, W. H. Howe, S. L. Jones, D. S. Klute, D. K. Rosenberg, S. R. Sheffield, T. S. Zimmerman, Eds.) U.S.F.W.S., Denver, CO.
Brown, N. L. 2001b. The Howdy Owls of Arizona: A Review. Proceedings of the Second International Burrowing Owl Symposium, Ogden, Utah, 28-29 September, 1998. J. Raptor Res. 35:344-350.
An overall summary of what is known about the burrowing owl in Arizona.
Carothers, S. W., R. P. Balda, and J. E. Hildebrand. 1970. A checklist of the birds of Flagstaff, Arizona. Mus. of Northern Arizona, Flagstaff, AZ.
Rare, permanent resident of grasslands.
_________, J. R. Haldeman, and R. P. Balda. 1973. Breeding birds of the San Francisco Mountain Area and the White Mountains. Tech. Series. No. 12. Northern Arizona Soc. of Science and Art, Inc., Flagstaff, AZ.
Locally common permanent resident of the grasslands northeast of the San Francisco Peaks. 2 April 1970- a female burrowing owl hit a window of a Flagstaff home-first record of this species in the ponderosa pine vegetation type in Arizona.
Coues, E. 1874. Birds of the Northwest. U.S.G.S., Govt. Printing Office, Washington, DC.
"Occur in various parts of Arizona, living with... Cynomys var. gunnisoni".
deVos, J. C., Jr. 1998. Burrowing Owl (Athene cunicularia). Pages 166-169 in The Raptors of Arizona (R. L. Glinski, Ed.). Univ. of Arizona Press, Tucson; Arizona Game and Fish Dept., Phoenix, AZ.
General overview of the species.
Estabrook, T. S., and R. W. Mannan. 1998. Urban habitat selection by Burrowing Owls: Final report. Heritage Grant U96006; Arizona Game and Fish Dept., Phoenix, AZ.
First 'study' on this owl in Arizona: Tucson. Davis-Monthan AFB had large density as did the Santa Cruz River banks. They found mourning doves as part of diet and provided canal management recommendations.
Fisher, A. K. 1893. The hawks and owls of the United States in their relation to agriculture. U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Bull. No. 3. Govt. Printing Office, Washington, DC.
Stomach contents of birds collected in the Verde Valley, Camp Verde, Phoenix, and Wilcox: insects (scorpions, grasshoppers), lizards. A reference to a roof of a house being a favored eating spot of an owl in Arizona, below which had a pile of scorpion remains.
Gilman, M. F. 1909. Some owls along the Gila River in Arizona. Condor 11(5):145-150.
Found them to be rare near Sacaton, Pinal Co., saw only 4 owls; but said to be more numerous down on the Gila River.
Glover, F. A. 1953. Summer foods of the Burrowing Owl. Condor 55:275.
A note on diet in agricultural area of Mesa Valley: scorpions, lamellicorn beetles (Scarabidae), locusts, ground beetles (Carabidae), pocket mice, and kangaroo rats. Stated importance of natural insect control provided by burrowing owls.
Grater, R. K. 1937. Check-list of birds of Grand Canyon National Park. Grand Canyon Natural History Association, AZ. Nat. Hist. Bull. No. 8.
South Rim: rare, casual visitant, June. Pinyon belt, Upper Sonoran Zone; Canyon Bottom: rare, Casual visitant, September. Open flats in Lower Son. Zone; South of canyon: rare, summer visitant. Seen in prairie dog towns near Anita up to 1928 (by Ranger Sturgill), Upper Son. Zone; Toroweap: rare transient visitant, April. Open flats in Upper Son. Zone. E. D. McKee also found one sitting in road in House Rock Valley on 28 Oct 1934.
Groschupf, K. D., B. T. Brown, and R. R. Johnson. 1988. An annotated checklist of the birds of Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument, Arizona. Univ. of Arizona Cooperative National Park Resources Studies Unit., Tucson, AZ.
Irregular transient found on creosote bush flats in the western portion of the monument.
Hargrave, L. L. 1932. Miscellaneous birds notes from the San Francisco Mountains. U.S. Dept. Interior, National Park Service, Grand Canyon NP, Tech. Bull. No. 5a. Grand Canyon, AZ.
Unverified sighting in upper Deadman's Flat during summer 1930. (p.15) "Last record for the region is from Merriam,1889".
Haug, E. A., B. A. Millsap, and M. S. Martell. 1993. Burrowing Owl (Speotyto cunicularia). In The Birds of North America, No. 61 (A. Poole and F. Gill, Eds.). The Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia; The American Ornithologists' Union, Washington, DC.
Cites Breeding Bird Survey data from 1980-1989 which shows increases in populations in the Lower Sonoran Deserts and Lower Colorado River Valley in western Arizona.
Henshaw, H. 1875. Report upon geographical and geological explorations and surveys west of the 100th meridian, by Lt. George M. Wheeler. Vol. 5:409-410.
Not a very abundant resident in either Arizona or New Mexico; seen near Camps Grant and Bowie in prairie dog towns (one female specimen collected 9 Oct 1873 at Camp Bowie).
Huey, L. M. 1939. Birds of the Mount Trumbell region, Arizona. Auk 56(3):320-325.
Two birds were seen on fence post between Wolf Hole and Mt Trumbell post-office.
Jacobs, B. 1986. Birding on the Navajo and Hopi Reservations. Jacobs Publishing Co., Sycamore, MO.
Provides records and general locations in northeastern Arizona.
James, P. C., and T. J. Ethier. 1989. Trends in the winter distribution and abundance of burrowing owls in North America. American Birds 43:1224-1225.
Based on CBC's, detected no significant change in Arizona in a 33-yr period. California had a highly significant decrease and based on yearly means was considered the most important state for these owls in the winter, followed by NM, FL, AZ, Mexico, TX, and LA.
Jenks, R. 1932. Ornithology of the life zones: Summit of San Francisco Peaks to bottom of Grand Canyon. U.S. Dept. Interior, National Park Service, Grand Canyon NP, Tech. Bull. No. 5. Grand Canyon, AZ.
Summer resident on mesa above Little Colorado River and San Francisco Mountains.
Johnson, R. R., L. T. Haight, and J. M. Simpson. 1979. Owl populations and species status in the southwestern United States. Pages 40-59 in Proceedings of the National Audubon Society's symposium on the Owls of the West: their ecology and conservation (P. P. Schaeffer and S. M. Ehlers, Eds.). Tiburon, CA.
Summary of lack of knowledge of owls, including burrowing owls in the southwest.
Johnson-Duncan, E. E., D. K. Duncan, and R. R. Johnson. 1988. Small nesting raptors as indicators of change in the southwest desert. Pages 232-236 in Proceedings of the Southwest Raptor Management Symposium and Workshop, 1986. (Glinski, Pendelton, Moss, LeFranc, Millsap, and Hoffman, Eds.). Nat. Wild. Fed. Sci. and Tech. Series No. 11. Washington, DC.
Information from 1979 reiterated stating inadequate information to evaluate status of burrowing owls in the southwest. Also suggested monitoring remaining populations to detect unnecessary environmental degradation.
Kopp, A. 1997. Eccentricity is a byword for the remarkable Burrowing Owl. Arizona Highways, March 1997:36-37
Lane, J. A. 1965. A birder's guide to Southeastern Arizona. L & P Press, Denver, CO.
Rare and local permanent residents of the deserts. Has been found along the Santa Cruz River at Cortaro Rd (Tucson) and along Hwy 80, 1-5 mi. west of Rodeo.
Latta, M. J., C. J. Beardmore, and T. E. Corman. 1999. Arizona Partners in Flight Bird Conservation Plan. Version 1.0. Nongame and Endangered Wildlife Program Technical Report 142. Arizona Game and Fish Dept., Phoenix, AZ.
Lists the burrowing owl as a Partners in Flight 'priority' species in the High Elevation Grassland Habitat classification.
McKee, E. D. 1930. Preliminary Checklist of Birds of the Grand Canyon National Park. Tech. Bull. No. 3, Grand Canyon National Park, AZ.
Found in prairie dog town near Anita in 1928 and earlier.
Merriam, C. H. 1890. Results of a biological survey of the San Francisco Mountain region and the desert of the Little Colorado River, Arizona. North American Fauna 3:1-36.
Listed as a breeder on the desert of the Little Colorado. (p. 91) "Found on the higher mesas of the desert of the Little Colorado, occupying deserted burrows of Prairie Dogs (Cynomys gunnisoni)."
Monson, G., and A. R. Phillips. 1981. Annotated checklist of the birds of Arizona. Univ. of Arizona Press, Tucson, AZ.
Update/addition to 1964 publication.
National Audubon Society. 1985. Checklist of Birds: Research Ranch Sanctuary, Elgin, Arizona. (unpublished checklist).
Lists the burrowing owls as a 'not breeding, but regular visitor' to the ranch and a 'permanent resident in area.'
National Park Service. 1937. Check-list of the birds of the Grand Canyon National Park. In Check-list of the birds of the National Parks. Dept. of Interior, Washington, DC. Unpublished, but circulated.
"Rare; two records; south rim, June; canyon bottom, September, 1935."
_________. 1993. Birds of Wupatki and Sunset Crater National Monuments {checklist}. U.S. Dept. of Interior, Washington, DC.
Considered to be an occasional (to be expected/seldom seen) summer resident at Wupatki NM; Not found at Sunset Crater NM.
Osgood, W. H. 1903. A list of birds observed in Cochise County, Arizona. Condor 5(5):128-131.
"A large colony was located in a dogtown about 200 yards from the house at Allaire's ranch. A few were seen elsewhere in the valley." The ranch was located in Sulphur Springs Valley, about 10 mi. south of Willcox, and 7 mi. north of Sulphur Spring, on the west side of Wilcox Playa.
Phillips, A. R. 1947. Bird life of the San Francisco Mountains. No. 5: Hawks and Owls. Plateau 20:17-22.
Rare, but "probably a summer resident, especially near Howard Lake, north of Williams."
________, G. Monson, and J. Marshall. 1964. The Birds of Arizona. Univ. of Arizona Press, Tucson, AZ..
Described what is known of the species in the state including a distribution map.
Rhea, A. M. 1983. Once a river: Bird life and habitat changes on the Middle Gila. Univ. of Arizona Press, Tucson, AZ.
Found in Floodplains and Pima Rancheria habitats; the author felt that most owls migrate out in winter.
Rosenberg, K. V., R. D. Ohmart, W. C. Hunter, and B. W. Anderson. 1991. Birds of the Lower Colorado River Valley. Univ. of Arizona Press, Tucson, AZ.
Common resident along LCRV, less common in northern areas in winter; highest numbers in winter (CBC) in Parker (33) in 1979. Did not study breeding habits.
Scott, W. E. D. 1886. On the avi-fauna of Pinal County, with remarks on some birds of Pima and Gila Counties, Arizona. Auk 3(2/3/4):249-258/ 383-389/421-432.
(p. 424) "Near Benson which is just outside of the region (of map this article was covering) is a very considerable colony of these birds and I have heard from good observers of another colony NE of Florence. This bird is unusual, however, in this area."
Swarth, H. S. 1904. Birds of the Huachuca Mountains, Arizona. Pac. Coast Avifauna 4.
(p. 9) "(Burrowing owls)...are to be seen in considerable numbers in the various prairie dog 'towns' between the Huachucas and the San Pedro River, and a few are scattered elsewhere over the prairies, some coming quite to the base of the mountains."
_________. 1914. A distributional list of the birds of Arizona. Pac. Coast Avifauna 10:1-133.
Irregularly and locally distributed throughout valleys in the state. In general, it is said to be common where the prairie dog is found, in the lower Sonoran Valleys of northeastern and southeastern Arizona and decidedly rare elsewhere. Sparingly distributed across the plains of southwestern Arizona.
_________. 1920. Birds of the Papago Saguaro National Monument and the neighboring region, Arizona. Dept. of Interior, National Park Service, Washington, DC.
Burrowing owl only mentioned (p. 54) in list of "Birds seen on the Papago Saguaro NM, AZ, May 30 to June 4, 1917". (Description of PSNM encompassed a large area-from 80 mi. NE of Phoenix to Tonto NM, included Roosevelt Lake, Glade, Fort Apaches Indian Res., south from Solomonsville to Bowie, SW to Benson into Tucson then back up to Phoenix.)
Taylor, Richard C. 1993. Location Checklist to the Birds of Chiricahua Mountains. Borderland Productions, Tucson, AZ.
Rare resident, desert and scrubby valley grasslands; Portal Road; Hwy 80 south of Rodeo, NM; Foothills Road. (p. 16) "Ecologist Jim Brown speculates that the decline of burrowing owls in the 1980's is correlated to a series of wet years that fostered heavy grass stands, possibly providing cover for potential prey items and rendering the habitat unsuitable."
_________. 1995. A Birder's Guide to Southeastern Arizona. American Birder's Assoc., Colorado Springs, CO.
A complete revision of J.A. Lane's 1965 book. Local, uncommon, and declining permanent resident in desertscrub, valley grasslands, and desert fields (up to 4,500 ft). Populations collapsed throughout southeast Arizona in the 1980's.
_________. 1995. Location Checklist to the Birds of the Huachuca Mountains and Upper San Pedro River. Borderland Productions, Tucson, AZ.
Locally extirpated: last record in spring 1990. Desert and scrubby valley grassland; Charleston and Palominas Roads, San Pedro Valley.
Tucson Audubon Society Publications Committee. 1995. Davis and Russell's Finding Birds in Southeastern Arizona. Tucson Audubon Society, Tucson, AZ.
Uncommon resident...but has declined in recent years. Recent reliable areas include the grasslands between Douglas and Portal, and the Sonoita Grasslands.
University of Arizona. 1998. Arizona Vertebrate Habitat Model: Burrowing Owl (Athene cunicularia). U.S.G.S. Cooperative Park Studies Unit, Tucson, AZ. Unpublished; Information obtained from W. Halvorson.
U.S.F.W.S. 1995. Migratory nongame birds of management concern in the United States: The 1995 list. Office of Migratory Bird Management, Washington DC.
Listed the burrowing owl as a species of management concern in Region 2 which includes Arizona.
Visher, S. S. 1910. Notes on the birds of Pima County, Arizona. Auk 27(3):279-288.
(p. 281) "Several pairs nested in badger holes on the mesa east of Tucson."
Witzeman, J. L., S. R. Demaree, and E. L. Radke. 1997. Birds of Phoenix and Maricopa County, Arizona. Maricopa Audubon Society.
Uncommon local resident in fields and Lower Sonoran Desert: mentioned two locations where habitat change (development and recreation) resulted in abandonment, but mentioned three locations where still can be found (Scottsdale Comm. College, Chandler Airport, and near Painted Rock Dam).
Woodbury, A. M., and H. N. Russell, Jr. 1945. Birds of the Navajo Country. Bull. of the Univ. of Utah, Vol. 35(14). Salt Lake City, UT.
Provided a summary of observations and records of owls in northeastern Arizona.
Arizona Game and Fish Department. 1976. Wildlife surveys and investigations {raptors}. Report Spec. Performance Report Proj. No. W-53-R-26. Phoenix.
(Listed in the Burrowing Owl Bibl., March 1997; could not locate)
deVos, J. C., Jr., C. R. Miller, S. L. Walchuck, W. D. Ough, and D. E. Taylor. 1983. Final Report for the Biological Resource Inventory: Tucson Division-Phase B CAP Aqueduct, Arizona Game and Fish Dept., Phoenix, AZ.
(deVos [1998] cited it in his chapter on Burrowing Owls in The Raptors of Arizona)
Eaton, T. H., Jr., and G. Smith. 1937. Birds of the Navajo Country. National Youth Administration, Berkeley, CA.
Gilman, M. F. Birds of the Pima Indian Reservation in Arizona. Unpublished MS; deposited with Dr. A. R. Phillips, Nuevo León, Mexico.
(Cited in Rhea 1983)
_________. 1937a. Letter and notes in margin to Grand Canyon National Park checklist.
(Referenced in NPS 1937 checklist of Grand Canyon NP)
Kaufman, K., and K. Stenberg. 1988. Calling all owls-three AZ birders set out to break the one-day owling records. Birder's World 2:14-18.
(Listed in Burrowing Owl Bibl., March 1997)
Phillips, A. R. 1934. The present status of hawks and owls in Arizona. Hawk Owl Soc. Bull 4:15-17.
(Listed in Burrowing Owl Bibl., March 1997; could not locate)
Tyler, A. H., and D. Phillips. 1978. Owls by day and by night. Naturegraph Publishers, Happy Camp, CA.
(Cited in deVos 1998--said it suggested that with the exception of the northeast, burrowing owls are resident everywhere in Arizona)
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