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SPEAKER'S OffIce: _______ _.....~. '.:l
Ad Hoc Committee on Economic Competitiveness
Final Report
December 2004
Senator Jim Waring, Cochair
Senator Robert Blendu
Senator Jack Brown
Senator Victor Soltero
Senator Jay Tibshraeny
John Bowers
Bob Buns
Joe Carter
Representative Steve Huffman, Cochair
Representative Olivia Cajero Bedford
Representative Phil Hanson
Representative Robert Meza
Representative Michele Reagan
Jim Norton
Paul Ringer
The Ad Hoc Committee on Economic Competitiveness (Committee) was created in 2004. The
Committee's purpose was to (1) examine Arizona's economic development incentives and
efficiency of attracting and retaining key industries in the state; (2) compare Arizona in relation
to competing states with respect to economic development incentives and their application;
(3) determine how other states interact with local and regional economic development
organizations in the application of incentives to attract and retain key industries; and
(4) recommend long term policy changes with respect to incentives in Arizona to increase
competitiveness in job retention and expansion of industry.
The Committee consisted of 15 members as follows: 5 members of the House of
Representatives, 1 designated as Cochair, appointed by the Speaker of the House of
Representatives; 5 members of the Senate, 1 designated as Cochair, appointed by the President of
the Senate; and 5 members representing the business community, appointed by the President of
the Senate and the Speaker ofthe House of Representatives [charge included as Appendix A].
Committee Meetings
The Committee met three times during the 2004 interim. In its first meeting in October, the
Committee heard from the Arizona Department of Commerce (ADOC) regarding the structure of
ADOC and its interaction with statewide chambers of commerce, the process for attracting new
businesses into Arizona and resources available to expand and retain existing business. The
Committee also heard from representatives of the Greater Phoenix Economic Council regarding
the economic development climate in Arizona and a representative from the Prescott Valley
Economic Development Foundation.
In its meeting in November, the Committee discussed the Commerce and Economic
Development Commission (CEDC) and the Arizona Job Training Fund. The Committee also
heard presentations from Intel Corporation and the National Association of Industrial Office
Properties. The Committee looked at the site selection process of businesses looking to come to
Arizona and at the state's tax system as it effects economic development.
In the Committee's third and final meeting held in December, the Committee discussed and
adopted recommendations [Committee agendas and minutes included as Appendix B].
Committee Recommendations
The Committee adopted the following recommendations:
1. Arizona Department of Commerce
a. Re-evaluate incentives as well as internal processes in order to make the
application/grant process less lengthy and time-consuming.
b. CEDC Funding - Realign the program with its original core
purpose/mission. Stop the practice of utilizing CEDC Fund monies for
departmental administrative/personnel costs. Increase revenues by
restoring the original contribution (changed by Laws 1997, Chapter 214,
from 32.5 percent to the current 21.5 percent of revenues from the sale of
two special lottery games). Expand the program to allow Arizona to
become more competitive on future projects.
c. Job Training Program - Restore the employer-funded Job Training monies
that have been "swept" in recent years in order to resolve a budget crisis;
further, enact legislation to prevent future sweeps.
d. Help educate legislators regarding current programs and establish a
presence in the State Legislature.
e. Establish a better working relationship and more open communication
with the Legislature in order to target the pertinent markets.
2. Identify target industries and priority jobs for Arizona and create a corresponding tax
3. Reduce the property tax burden for commercial/industrial business by lowering the
property tax assessment ratio from 25 percent to 20 percent.
4. Recommend that any future economic development tax incentive policy be linked to
significant, verifiable job creation.
5. Create an Arizona Development Fund to be used for economic development deal
closing incentives. The fund should be discretionary in nature, allowing deposits from
both private and public sources.
Appendix A
Committee Charge
PURPOSE: To: (1) examine Arizona's economic development incentives and efficiency of
attracting and retaining key industries in the state; (2) compare Arizona in relation
to competing states with respect to economic development incentives and their
application; (3) determine how other states interact with local and regional
economic development organizations in the application of incentives to attract and
retain key industries; and (4) recommend long term policy changes with respect to
incentives in Arizona to increase competitiveness in job retention and expansion
of industry.
Five members of the House of Representatives, not more than three from the same
political party and one designated as Cochair, appointed by the Speaker of the
House of Representatives:
Cajero Bedford, Hanson, Huffman (Cochair), Meza, Reagan
Five members of the Senate, not more than three from the same political party and
one designated as Cochair, appointed by the President of the Senate:
Blendu, Brown, Soltero, Tibshraeny, Waring (Cochair)
Five members representing the business community, appointed by the President
of the Senate and the Speaker of the House of Representatives:
Mr. John Bowers, Arizona Association for Economic Development
Mr. Bob Buns, General Dynamics
Mr. Joe Carter, Strategic Issues Management Group
Mr. Jim Norton, Norton & Associates
Mr. Paul Ringer, Greater Phoenix Economic Council
CONTACT: Brandy Martin, Senate Research Staff; Diana O'Dell, House Research Staff
REPORT DATE: None
STATUTORY CITE: Ad Hoc created by the Speaker of the House of Representatives and the
President of the Senate
Appendix B
Committee Agendas and Minutes
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Page 1 of 1
Wednesday, October 20,2004
10:00 a.m.
House Hearing Room 4
1. Call to Order
2. Introductions
3. Presentations:
a. Joe Yuhas, Deputy Director, Arizona Department of Commerce
• Structure of the agency. Interaction with statewide chambers of commerce and other economic
development agencies
• Standard procedures for contacting businesses, tracking successful moves, and follow-up procedures
when businesses do not choose Arizona
• Resources available to expand and retain existing businesses
• Measures to track Department's success, including follow-up dialogue with exiting businesses
b. Paul Ringer, Interim President and CEO, Greater Phoenix Economic Council
• Economic Development Climate
• Analysis of the State
c. Gary Marks, Executive Director, Prescott Valley Economic Development Foundation
• Overview of economic development operations
• Explanation of the interaction with the State
4. Public Testomony
5. Adjourn
Senator Jim Waring, Cochair
Senator Robert Blendu
Senator Jack Brown
Senator Victor Soltero
Senator Jay Tibshraeny
John Bowers
Bob Buns
Joe Carter
Representative Steve Huffman, Cochair
Representative Olivia Cajero Bedford
Representative Phil Hanson
Representative Robert Meza
Representative Michele Reagan
Jim Norton
Paul Ringer
People with disabilities may request reasonable accommodations such as interpreters, alternative formats,
or assistance with physical accessibility. If you require accommodations, please contact the Chief Clerk's
Office at (602) 926-3032, TOO (602) 926-3241.
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Minutes of the Meeting
October 20,2004 -10:00 a.m.
House Hearing Room 4
Senator Waring, Cochair
Senator Blendu
Senator Brown
Senator Tibshraeny
John Bowers
Bob Buns
Senator Soltero
Paul Ringer
Representative Huffman, Cochair
Representative Cajero Bedford
Representative Meza
Representative Reagan
Jim Norton
Joe Carter
Representative Hanson
Brandy Martin, Senate Commerce Research Analyst
Diana Odell, House of Representatives Commerce and Military Affairs Analyst
Cochair Huffman called the meeting to order at 10:15 a.m. and attendance was noted. Introductions of the
Committee members took place.
Cochair Huffman cited that the Committee has been charged with reviewing the State of Arizona's
economic competitiveness. He stated that today's meeting would focus on the groundwork; the second
meeting would include consideration of proposals, and the third and final meeting would consist of voting
on the recommendations.
Joe Yuhas, Deputy Director, DOC, gave a slide presentation and overview of DOC's miSSion and
challenges on a statewide basis. He explained how DOC is addressing those challenges by taking steps
to improve economic competitiveness (Attachments A and B). He stated that everyone is optimistic that
the work of the Committee will produce a product that will place Arizona in a more competitive situation.
Mr. Yuhas commented that Arizona has a low industrial diversity in comparison with other states, which
has a direct impact on Arizona's low per capita income. He noted that economists define job-creating
opportunities in two areas. Base industries bring dollars into the State, such as aerospace or
manufacturing, whereas serving industries move those dollars around, such as retail. He stated that it is
non-productive to attempt to build an economy on local serving industries only. Arizona faces significant
gaps in resources and opportunities, and does not offer the kind of incentives that other states offer.
Mr. Yuhas explained that successful economic development is characterized by four factors: globally
competitive businesses, expansion of the tax base, per capita income that is on the rise, and a diverse
industry base. He indicated that DOC is organized to meet challenges in four key areas:
• Planning, research and policy division
• Community development division
• Workforce development division
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• Global business development
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In response to Representative Cajero Bedford, Mr. Yuhas explained what is meant by quality of the
workforce that companies pursue. He said a quality workforce is a broad application that includes
universities, community colleges, and ongoing training with economic development partners and
companies looking to locate or expand in Arizona.
In response to Cochair Huffman, Mr. Yuhas commented that companies do not make decisions to locate
based on one factor, but rather on a matrix of factors. He said when companies are surveyed, the number
one concern is a qualified workforce.
Mr. Yuhas highlighted some of the fiscal year 2005 strategic initiatives that DOC is using to approach
economic development on a regional basis. He emphasized the importance of Arizona's small business
community as the backbone of the State's economy, and the need to implement initiatives to protect
Arizona's military bases.
Mr. Yuhas stated that economic development is a team sport, which requires local, regional and statewide
leadership. He said DOC markets the State of Arizona through collaborative efforts with partners, and
provided some examples. He commented on the teamwork DOC has had with the Greater Phoenix
Economic Council (GPEC) in working with companies to locate or expand in Arizona. He indicated that
DOC also works with local communities and chambers of commerce.
Mr. Yuhas commented on base industries and noted that Arizona does not have a strong foundation of
base industries, and stressed the need to look at emerging sectors such as biosciences. He said DOC has
conducted research activities to learn more about national and international trends, and he reported on
those findings. He said in order to better understand emerging industry sectors, a statewide economic
study was conducted, which is available on DOC's website.
Mr. Yuhas pointed out the global economic trends for the next decade and Arizona's regional economic
opportunities. He commented on Arizona's "toolbox," and the State's economic development budget.
In response to Senator Tibshraeny, Mr. Yuhas commented that the rural areas or smaller communities do
not have the same capacity to spend the funds to pursue economic opportunities as the larger cities. He
stated that DOC does not pursue retail; however, retail locates in the State because per capita wages and
high wage jobs are increasing and there is a stronger foundation of base industries. However, Arizona is
not expending enough resources to attract those base industries. Senator Tibshraeny referred to other
states and asked whether those types of expenditures are general fund expenditures from state budgets.
Mr. Yuhas responded that in some cases it is a dedicated revenue stream, and in some cases states
employ discretionary funding from a general fund. He said DOC could provide further information on that
issue to the members.
Mr. Yuhas commented on the State's incentive program, and noted that Arizona has a very limited number
of financial incentives directed to the attraction of base industries. He indicated that the incentives address
the industries already in place in the State, but do not necessarily address the economic needs, such as
venture capital. He said Arizona has failed to approach the emerging-based industry opportunities with
equal zeal that has been offered in the past for existing companies. He commented on the research that
DOC conducted in comparing Arizona's incentives with those of competing states. He said only five states
spend fewer incentive dollars than Arizona. He said DOC learned from the study that Arizona does not
have a "deal closing" fund that could provide flexible funds to meet unique strategic opportunities. He
provided examples of "deal closing" funds utilized in other states.
Mr. Yuhas remarked that DOC works very hard to attract high wage jobs new base industries to our State
six months a year. The other six months is spent defending the agency. He emphasized that Arizona
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does not have the kind of tools and a long-term sustained commitment to attract base industries. Among
DOC's recommendations are the following:
• Make a long-term commitment to economic development
• Realign the Commerce and Economic Development Commission (CEDC) for its legislatively
intended purpose
• Support a comprehensive technology agenda
• Benchmark and measure performance
In summary, Mr. Yuhas stated that economic opportunities are missed in Arizona every day. He said that
measuring economic development by the number of homes or new retail stores being built is not true
economic development progress. Arizona needs to focus its efforts on new base industries.
Cochair Huffman thanked Mr. Yuhas for his presentation and opened the meeting for questions.
Senator Blendu commented that Arizona has lost opportunities in the past because of various reasons. He
noted that Arizona needs to provide incentives for engineers graduating from our universities. He said that
without the commitment or vision detailed today, base industries will not locate in Arizona.
Cochair Huffman agreed that Arizona needs to have a consistent focus and knowledge of what is being
targeted. He asked Mr. Yuhas to describe the kinds of resources being considered for retention of existing
jobs versus attracting new targets. Mr. Yuhas responded that every service of DOC is in some way geared
to meeting the needs of the small business community. However, he explained that the best way to assist
the small business community is to expand the market by attracting new base industries.
Cochair Huffman referred to the broad range of tax policies and asked Mr. Yuhas to comment on his
recommendations to the Committee. Mr. Yuhas responded that there is no question that Arizona has a
2004 tax policy structure that is geared around the economy of the 1950's. He said the kinds of incentives
offered in the past are not being offered today with equal zeal for opportunities in high tech, biosciences
and aerospace. Mr. Yuhas strongly recommended that if the tax policy becomes the SUbject of the overall
economic development competitiveness issue, he would suggest looking at the broader concept rather
than only one or two items. He said that although Arizona compares favorably with other states in terms of
the overall cost of doing business, the State is not being sufficiently marketed.
Cochair Huffman commented that there are certain areas to focus upon in order to be successful, such as:
• Workforce development
• Commitment to educational improvement and funding
• Tax Code
Mr. Meza commented that he likes the regional approach to this issue. He believes that Arizona could
move forward and target both the property tax code and at the same time target certain industries to the
Representative Reagan referred to page 10 of the handout and the "IT Training Tax Credit" and said it
would be helpful if DOC would help to educate the legislative members other than this Committee
regarding the tax credits listed in the handout.
Senator Waring asked Mr. Yuhas to comment on competition within regions of the State. Mr. Yuhas
responded that DOC's responsibility and purpose is to serve all areas statewide and he explained how
DOC assists the various regions. He said the needs in communities differ and sometimes communities
compete for a particular business; however, generally the business attraction process is not a process of
selection but rather a process of elimination.
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Mr. Norton referred to page 4 of the handout regarding declining ratio to United States average per capita
income and asked Mr. Yuhas to comment on whether DOC has any projections on that data. Mr. Yuhas
responded that a study is being conducted, but he does not have the final report. Mr. Norton referred to
the list of incentives and programs in the past and suggested that perhaps the Committee should look at
those programs and get them back to their intended purpose.
Mr. Bowers suggested that the Legislature and DOC need to work closely together to produce the results
Cochair Huffman asked Mr. Yuhas to comment on the percent of resources are aligned with attraction
versus retention efforts and how he sees DOC functioning in terms of being proactive versus reactive. Mr.
Yuhas responded business retention tends to be more of a focus on the local level, and he explained the
procedures involved with this process.
In response to Mr. Buns, Mr. Yuhas commented on the incentive program in place. He said incentives are
important in "deal closing," and DOC is constantly researching new data with other states.
Mr. Carter commented that he was formerly a county manager and responsible for economic development
in southeast Arizona. He said he hopes that the recommendations include the restoration of tools that
have been taken away and then to build on that program. He said he was directly involved in the creation
of the CDEC fund and it worked at the time. He indicated he was also involved in a low-interest loan
package that today has resulted in 700 jobs in rural Arizona. He suggested that as the Committee moves
forward with its recommendations that the members not "reinvent the wheel." He said he also has
concerns with the job training program and the personal property tax issue and believes those items need
to be reviewed. Mr. Carter commented that bipartisan support is also needed to close a deal because of
the flexibility required in closing a deal.
Tina Valdecanas, Vice President, Product Improvement, Greater Phoenix Economic Council
(GPEC), gave a presentation on "Competitiveness in Greater Phoenix" (Attachment C). She provided an
overview on GPEC's mission and composition. She indicated that GPEC works with DOC and economic
development directors in all communities to attract quality businesses. She said that the ability to work
together will define Arizona's success as a globally competitive region. Other issues presented include the
• Marketing Greater Phoenix and relationship marketing
• Earned media program
• Sales missions
• Trade shows and industry conferences
• Advertising
• Product improvement
• IBM global marketing project
• Methodology within targeted industries
• Advanced business services
• Rankings by subsector
Ms. Valdecanas remarked on lessons learned and noted that Greater Phoenix must:
• Concentrate on short and long term development of industry presence and talent base
• Reshape perceptions through targeted marketing and communications
• Understand the nuances of the global changes underway and how to best position the region in
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light of heightened competition
Cochair Huffman thanked Ms. Valdecanas for an interesting presentation.
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Gary Marks, Executive Director, Prescott Valley Economic Development Foundation (Foundation),
provided an overview of economic development operations. He explained that economic development is a
team sport. He stressed the importance of a qualified quantified workforce, job training and higher
education. He pointed out that smart economic development means the job base is growing as fast as the
population base. He stated that the Foundation is a non-profit membership Foundation, and it obtains
funding through public and private sector contractual agreements. He said he would be willing to meet with
the Committee to provide greater detail on specific issues.
In response to Mr. Norton, Mr. Marks commented that one of the top issues is property tax. He stressed
that economic development is a long-term process and commitment. He said that most projects take years
before coming to fruition.
In response to Mr. Buns regarding the IBM study, Ms. Valdecanas responded that one of the
recommendations in the study was to strengthen the education system and to continue working with the
community college system to anticipate the needs of industries and skills needed.
Cochair Huffman referred to the IBM study and asked Ms. Valdecanas whether perception is a major
problem or whether the property tax code is the major problem. Ms. Valdecanas responded that there are
definitely structural issues, but perception issues as well from other states.
In response to Cochair Huffman regarding attracting people to Arizona, Mr. Kevin Johnson (GPEC)
responded that property tax seems to be an issue and also closing dollars. He said generally all states
have job training and enterprise zones, and Arizona does not have much beyond those incentives to offer.
He said Arizona needs to devise creative ways to attract different types of businesses.
Mr. Carter suggested that when we look at competing states, perhaps DOC could provide the tools that
they use that are unique.
Cochair Huffman thanked everyone for participating in this discussion. He said tentatively the next
meeting would take place on Wednesday, November 17 at 10:00 a.m. He said if there are any specific
recommendations for the Committee, he would like to have them forwarded to Diana prior to the next
meeting. He said the next meeting would discuss the recommendations, and voting on those
recommendations would take place at the third meeting.
There being no further business, the meeting was adjourned at 12:50 p.m.
Respectfully submitted,
Nancy L. DeMichele
Committee Secretary
(Tapes and attachments on file in the Secretary of the Senate's Office/Resource Center, Room 115.)
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Hoc Committee on Economic Competitiveness
October 20, 2004
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Wednesday, November 17, 2004
10:00 a.m.
House Hearing Room 4
1. Call to Order
2. Presentations:
a. Joe Yuhas, Deputy Director, Department of Commerce
1) Commerce and Economic Development Commission and Fund - History of Program,
Statutory Mandates and Monetary Awards to Businesses
2) Arizona Job Training Program - History of Program, Statutory Requirements and Grants
Awarded to Businesses
3) Impact of Sweeping Funds
b. Mike Edwards, Global Program Director, Site Selection and Property Development, Intel
c. Jim Lentine, President, NAIOP
d. Kendall Bert, Director of the Office of Economic Development, City of Tucson
3. Public Testimony
4. Discussion
5. Adjourn
Senator Jim Waring, Cochair
Senator Robert Blendu
Senator Jack Brown
Senator Victor Soltero
Senator Jay Tibshraeny
John Bowers
Bob Buns
Joe Carter
Representative Steve Huffman, Cochair
Representative Olivia Cajero Bedford
Representative Phil Hanson
Representative Robert Meza
Representative Michele Reagan
Jim Norton
Paul Ringer
People with disabilities may request reasonable accommodations such as interpreters, alternative formats,
or assistance with physical accessibility. If you require accommodations, please contact the Chief Clerk's
Office at (602) 926-3032, TOO (602) 926-3241.
Forty-sixth Legislature - Second Regular Session
Minutes of Meeting
House Hearing Room 4 -- 10:00 a.m.
Cochairman VVaring called the meeting to order at 10:11 a.m. and attendance was noted by the
Members Present
Senator Jack Brown
Senator Tibshraeny
John Bowers
Mark Henry for Bob Buns
Joe Carter
Senator Jim VVaring, Cochair
Senator Blendu
Senator Victor Soltero
Representative Olivia Cajero Bedford
Representative Robert Meza
Representative Michele Reagan
Paul Ringer
Representative Steve Huffman, Cochair
Members Absent
Representative Phil Hanson
Jim }Jorton
Speakers Present
Joe Yuhas, Deputy Director, Arizona Department of Commerce (ADOC)
Kendall Bert, Director, Office ofEconomic Development, City of Tucson
Michael L. Edwards, Global Program Director, Site Selection & Development, Intel Corporation
Jackie }Jorton, Executive Director, }Jational Association ofIndustrial Office Properties (NAIOP)
Jim Lentine, President, }Jational Association of Industrial Office Properties (NAIOP)
Fred Stiles, representing ElM Development Co.
Doug Barkdull, Principal, Buzz Oates Enterprises Arizona
Torn Browning, President, Greater Phoenix Leadership
John MacDonald, representing America VVest Airlines
Commerce and Economic Development Commission
Joe Yuhas, Deputy Director, Arizona Department of Commerce CADOC), made a PowerPoint
presentation about the Commerce and Economic Development Commission (CEDC) division of
November 17, 2004
the Arizona Department of Commerce. He introduced CEDC Executive Director, Lisa Danka,
and reviewed the CEDC since its inception in 1989, under the following topic headings:
• Mission
• Composition - 8 members appointed by Governor
• History - created by the Legislature in 19_89
• Representative projects and initiatives, including America West, University ofArizona
Research Park, and statewide military facility planning
• Funding process
• Primary investment categories
- Strategic research and initiatives
- Technology sector project capital
- Direct assistance to business
- Intermediary participation program
• Total invested by funding category
• Jobs created or retained
• Total awards - $25,021,962 has been distributed statewide since inception
• Ave~age annual awards
• Statutory mandates
• Four revenue sources:
- Capital markets securities fees (annual average: $580K)
- Lottery revenues (annual average: $2.06M)
- Loan principle and interest (annual average: $51K)
Interest income on investments (annual average: $48K)
• Funding Issues:
- Fund is over-appropriated
- Percent oflottery receipts was reduced in 1997 from 32.5% to 21.5%
- Lottery funding is unknowable and erratic
- Loan portfolio is paying off
• Appropriations exceed revenues - projected income to CEDC $2.75 million annually;
$3.01 million is appropriated out of the fund. The program will be insolvent in
fiscal year 2008.
• Implications for Arizona - may have to scale back programs; not competitive
• Proposed Solution:
Move $3 million in appropriations back to the general fund
Restore lottery percentage to 32.5%
Combined, will provide approximately $4 million annually
Mr. Yuhas pointed to the success of the Texas Opportunity Fund, currently at $200 million, and
expected to be increased. A copy of Mr. Yuhas's presentation, including the statutory authority,
names of commissioners and an application package, is appended hereto as Attachment 1.
Arizona Job Training Program
Mr. Yuhas continued his presentation with an overview of the Arizona Job Training Program,
and introduced Paula Burnam, ADOC Workforce Development. The Job Training Program is
November 17,2004
funded by the business community with a job training tax of one-tenth of one percent on the first
$7,000 of an employee's wages. The program helps businesses create and retain jobs and meet
specific demands, as well as develop transferable skills. He noted that Arizona's two primary
business attractions are:
• Enterprise zone program
• Job training program
He discussed strategic investment and eligibility for grants, and pointed out that sweeping the
fund means that funds may not be available when a new business expresses an interest in
locating in the state. Mr. Yuhas emphasized that the program, which is designed specifically for
the private sector, takes the limited funds available and uses them in the widest way possible.
Information on the Job Training Program, statutory authority, awards as of 10/31/04 and a copy
of the grant application are included in Attachment 1.
Kendall Bert, Director, Office of Economic Development, City of Tucson, said he believes the
Workforce Training Program is one of the most important programs in Arizona in retaining and
expanding local businesses and in recruiting business into the state. He recognized others present
from the southern Arizona business development community, and distributed a handout
(Attachment 2). He pointed to the importance of quality jobs to the state's companies and
residents, and said his office works with businesses to help them access the funds available.
Since 1996 one hundred grants have been made, with seven more in process. Mr. Bert called
attention to the fact that funds have been swept from the fund and used for other purposes, and
said he believes this sends the wrong message to businesses and citizens, in addition to creating
problems in delivering the program. He noted that capital investments from 2001 to the present
total almost $340 million. He called attention to Exhibit D of the handout, which details grant
information for six companies, and emphasized the results of a U.S. Department of Education
and Conference Board of Canada report that makes it clear there are significant payoffs to both
workers and employers from participation in workplace education programs (Exhibit E,
Attachment 2).
In conclusion, Mr. Bert emphasized that the Workforce Training Program is paid for by
businesses, matched by businesses, and they have to perform to get the money. He urged a halt to
the transfer of money out of the program.
In response to a query by Ms. Cajero Bedford regarding the sweep of funds, Mr. Bert said
approximately $3.8 million goes to the Department of Economic Security and in 2003
approximately $3 million was swept to the general fund, which has made it very difficult for
Arizona to compete. He responded to further questions.
Cochairman Huffman said he understands $5 million was swept from the job training fund
statewide in 2003.
Cochairman Waring asked Mr. Yuhas ifhe wishes to add to the report on the impact of sweeping
the funds. Mr. Yuhas said the issue was covered by Mr. Bert.
November 17, 2004
Site Selection and Property Development
Michael L. Edwards, Global Program Director, Site Selection & Development, Intel Corporation,
distributed a handout (Attachment 3) and described the site selection process followed by a
multinational company considering various locations. He noted that the preliminary analysis is
internal and typically takes three to four months, during which time a location will not be aware
that it is on the list. The second phase requires site visits of the short-listed locations and due
diligence, that typically may take as short as two to three months or, for more risk-averse
companies, six to seven months. Project criteria include sales and marketing, operations, and
research and development. Enterprise considerations focus on strategy, costs and risk mitigation.
Mr. Edwards pointed out that although Intel considers Arizona low risk, it is not low cost.
He discussed the key assumptions and drivers based on a ten-year projection, and emphasized
that while capital costs tend to be fixed throughout the world, local costs such as taxes,
incentives and labor costs drive the difference.
Mr. Edwards compared the "toolkit" used by Intel to compare U.S. and international projects,
noting differences and similarities (Attachment 3, page 6), and reviewed examples of three
recent major international deals made by IBM in New York, Texas Instruments in Texas and
AMD in Germany (Attachment 3, page 7). He concluded his remarks by emphasizing the
following four points:
• Project competition is global in nature
• Decisions have to stand up to board, shareholder and external review
• Arizona has a cost disadvantage to U.S. and international benchmarks
• Arizona can compete and win on a global basis
Mr. Ringer asked if Arizona's competitors are becoming more aggressive. Mr. Edwards said
competition has become much more aggressive because it is now global, and includes southeast
Asia and eastern Europe as well as western Europe. He added that it is necessary to compete in
the microelectronics and biotechnology arenas globally. Competitors are no longer adjacent
western states, but Shanghai, Singapore and Bangalore, India.
Cochairman Huffman called attention to the chart on page 2 of the handout (Attachment 3) and
pointed out that the initial period of the site selection process is internal; hence, Arizona's
policymakers are not aware if the state is, or is not, on the short list. Mr. Edwards concurred that
only when a company moves beyond the short list is the interest known. Mr. Huffman observed
that the state has only two to four months to put together a package to be competitive, and said
he believes it is important to start that process now because there is no way to know which short
lists Arizona may be on. Mr. Edwards agreed, and pointed out that for research and development
the process could be cut in half.
Mr. Carter inquired as to Arizona's competitiveness in terms of research and development.
Mr. Edwards said Arizona is known and on the scene, but it is important to take it to the next
level and a state the size of Arizona needs to be selective.
November 17, 2004
Mr. Bowers asked if Intel would locate in Chandler if the decision was being made today.
Mr. Edwards described the unique characteristics of the site and said the company is happy with
it. He explained that the physical site is important, and all the incentives in the world will not
overcome a location that is not economically viable.
Mr. Henry asked the most effective way to get out the message that metropoiitan Phoenix is a
good place to locate. Mr. Edwards observed that success tends to breed success, and there is
communication within the industries.
Jackie Norton, Executive Director, National Association of Industrial Office Properties
(NAIOP), a national trade organization dedicated to representing developers, owners, investors
and asset managers in industrial, office and related commercial real estate, testified that the
industry contributes more than $1 billion in property taxes annually in Maricopa County alone.
Reviewing a handout (Attachment 4) she pointed out that Arizona's tax system serves as a
disincentive to economic development because commercial and industrial property is taxed at a
rate 2Y2 times that of residential property of identical value. As an example, a Minnesota
Taxpayers Association study found that Arizona's effective property tax rates are:
6th highest in the U.S. for large office properties - 65% above national average
3rd highest for large industrial properties - 78% above national average
315t in property taxes on higher value homes - 23% below national average
Ms. Norton noted that Arizona's property taxes are three times higher than those in Las Vegas
and twice as high as Denver, and pointed out that property taxes are the largest share of the
operating expenses of an office or industrial building. NAIOP proposes a reduction in the
commercial and industrial assessment ratio from the current 25 percent (national average is
16 percent). While the debate over incentives will continue, she emphasized that a property tax
reduction is across the board and a direct reduction in the cost of doing business.
Jim Lentine, President, National Association of Industrial Office Properties (NAIOP), pointed
out that job growth is being created by small businesses, and NAIOP members are very
concerned about taxes and their effect on the bottom line. He distributed a handout
(Attachment 5) and reiterated that Arizona has the highest commercial property taxes in the
region. He called attention to a flyer prepared by the Reno Sparks Tahoe Economic Development
Authority that unfavorably compares Phoenix taxes with those in other western cities, and
pointed out that if NAIOP's members cannot pass on the costs they must be absorbed, and the
flow of capital will dry up in the state.
Mr. Lentine said members ofNAIOP believe a reduction in the property tax rate from 25 percent
to 20 percent will be more than offset by high quality jobs in Arizona.
Fred Stiles, representing EJM Development Co., said his company leases approximately
4.8 million square feet in Arizona, providing workspace for 2,000 employees, most of whom
work for small businesses. He compared the cost of doing business in Arizona with Nevada (see
Attachment 6) and called attention to an example of an Arizona property that pays $461,293 in
property taxes per year, while a similar property in Nevada pays $176,910.
November 17, 2004
Mr. Meza pointed out that Nevada has gambling revenues. Mr. Stiles noted that a majority of
EJM's tenants in Nevada are not involved in gambling, and that gambling subsidizes income
taxes, not property taxes. He reviewed the increases in property taxes on an EJM property in
Maricopa County (Attachment 6, second page) and pointed to the uncertainty in budgeting for a
cost over which the company has no control.
Doug Barkdull, Principal, Buzz Oates Enterprises Arizona, a developer and builder of large
warehouse distribution buildings, said his company competes regionally. He said metropolitan
Phoenix makes most lists of potential sites, and prospective tenants are usually aware of the
property tax issue when they consider the area. He confirmed that although Arizona may offer a
land cost advantage, the overall rent structure, which is an ongoing cost, is lower in Southern
California and Dallas.
Public Testimony
Tom Browning, President, Greater Phoenix Leadership, formerly Brigadier General at Luke Air
Force Base, spoke in support of continued funding for the CEDC. He reviewed his involvement
in a task force to find a strategy to preserve military bases (a $6 billion industry in Arizona) that
qualified for a grant through the CEDC. The effort was a success and the program is now
considered a model for other states. Joint land use studies were also funded. In addition, he was
interviewed for development of the Arizona Advanced Communications and Information
Technology (ACIT) Roadmap to incorporate military installation capacity into the statewide
roadmap, an ADOC sponsored report through CEDe.
John MacDonald, representing America West Airlines, noted that America West is a major
employer with its corporate headquarters located in the area. Nine thousand employees work for
the airline and an additional 60,000 jobs are created indirectly, resulting in an annual economic
development of approximately $5.2 billion to the state. He cited the two instances in which the
airline sought CEDC support:
In 1992, America West filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy. CEDC provided a
$1 million loan, which was leveraged to an extraordinary degree. The loan was
repaid with interest within two years.
In 2002, mainly as a result of the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, the airline
industry, including America West, was in dire straits. The CEDC responded quickly
with $1.25 million in training funds, and an additional $1.5 million loan which
leveraged a $429 million grant through the federal government, thus allowing the
airline to remain in operation and competitive. The loan is currently being repaid
with interest.
In summary, Mr. MacDonald said without help from the CEDC the airline may not be operating
today, and he urged continued and improved funding.
November 17,2004
Cochairman Waring announced that another meeting will be scheduled in early December.
Committee Members and the public are encouraged to submit their input and recommendations
to legislative staff.
Without objection, the meeting adjourned at 12:10 p.m.
n ,I"J
~j; {t",:tu'<.-k-
Carole Price, Committee Secretary
November 19, 2004
(Original minutes, attachments and tape are on file in the Office of the Chief Clerk.)
November 17, 2004
Interim agendas can be obtained via the Internet at http://www.azleg.state.az.us/lnterimCommittees.asp
Wednesday, December 15, 2004
10:00 a.m.
Senate Hearing Room 109
1. Call to Order
2. Discussion of Recommendations
3. Public Testimony
4. Adoption of Recommendations
5. Adjourn
Senator Jim Waring, CoChair
Senator Robert Blendu
Senator Jack Brown
Senator Victor Soltero
Senator Jay Tibshraeny
John Bowers
Bob Buns
Joe Carter
Representative Steve Huffman, CoChair
Representative Olivia Cajero Bedford
Representative Phil Hanson
Representative Robert Meza
Representative Michele Reagan
Jim Norton
Paul Ringer
Persons with a disability may request a reasonable accommodation such as a sign language interpreter, by contacting the
Senate Secretary's Office: (602)926-4231 (voice). Requests should be made as early as possible to allow time to arrange the accommodation.
Forty-sixth Legislature - Second Regular Session
Minutes of Meeting
Wednesday, December 15, 2004
Senate Hearing Room 109 -- 10:00 a.m.
Chainnan Waring called the meeting to order at 10:06 a.m. and attendance was noted by the
Members Present
Senator Soltero
John Bowers
Bob Buns
Joe Carter
Senator Waring, Cochair
Senator Blendu
Senator Brown
Senator Tibshraeny
Members Absent
Speakers Present
Representative Meza
Representative Reagan
Jim Norton
Paul Ringer
Representative Huffman, Cochair
Representative Cajero Bedford
Representative Hanson
Joe Yuhas, Deputy Director, Arizona Department of Commerce
Brandy Martin, Research Analyst, Senate Commerce Committee
Discussion of Recommendations
Senator Soltero asked if the #3 recommendation would raise residential property taxes
(Attachment 1). Mr. Huffman noted that the recommendation is not tied to specific legislation.
Testimony was given about problems with the business property tax and ways to deal with it. He
plans to introduce legislation next session that is meant to address the issue without increasing
residential property taxes, but the recommendation only states that the issue needs to be dealt
Senator Soltero acknowledged that the business property tax is a problem 111 attracting
businesses, but he wants to make sure there will not be a shift to homeowners.
Mr. Carter echoed the concern about shifting responsibilities, adding that he hopes there will be
an opportunity to focus on some of the complexities of the personal property tax, which is one of
December 15, 2004
the areas that several people spoke on. He fully supports the recommendations, but is concerned
about the examples in #2 because examples sometimes become the focus. He would like to see
an expansion to include the optics industry or something like that.
Senator Waring suggested that the examples could be eliminated.
Referring to the #lb recommendation on Commerce and Economic Development Commission
(CEDC) funding, Mr. Carter asked what level of funding would then be available for the
Joe Yuhas, Deputy Director, Arizona Department of Commerce, related that he presented the
figures during a presentation at the first meeting, and the recommendation is a huge step in the
right direction. He will generate the numbers by day's end for legislative staff to forward to
Mr. Carter.
Mr. Huffman moved that the Committee adopt all of the Department of
Commerce #1 recommendations as written. The motion carried.
Mr. Huffman moved that the #2 recommendation, with specific examples
deleted, be adopted by the Committee. The motion carried.
Mr. Huffman moved that the #3 recommendation regarding business
property taxes be adopted by the Committee. The motion carried.
Mr. Huffman moved that the #4 recommendation regarding tax incentive
policy be adopted by the Committee. The motion carried.
Mr. Huffman moved that the Committee adopt the #S recommendation as
written. The motion carried.
Brandy Martin, Research Analyst, Senate Commerce Committee, advised that staff will prepare
the final report, which will include the recommendations, and Members of the Committee will
receIve a copy.
Without objection, the meeting adjourned at 10:16 a.m.
Linda Taylor, Committe
December 17, 2004
(Original minutes, attachment, and tape are on file in the Office of the Chief Clerk.)
December 15,2004
Final Recommendations for Consideration
1. Department of Commerce
a. Re-evaluate incentives as well as internal processes in order to
make the application/grant process less lengthy and timeconsummg.
b. CEDC Funding - Realign the program with its original core
purpose/mission. Stop the practice of utilizing Fund monies for
departmental administrative/personnel costs. Increase revenues by
restoring the original contribution (changed by Laws 1997,
Chapter 214, from 32.5% to the current 21.5% of revenues from
the sale of two special lottery games). Expand the program to
allow Arizona to become more competitive on future projects.
c. Job Training Program - Restore the employer-funded Job Training
monies that have been "swept" in recent years in order to resolve a
budget crisis; further, enact legislation to prevent future sweeps.
d. Help educate legislators regarding current programs and establish a
presence in the State Legislature.
e. Establish a better working relationship and more open
communication with the Legislature in order to target the pertinent
2. Identify target industries and priority jobs for Arizona and create a
corresponding tax structure. (aerospace; bioscience; high-tech)
3. Reduce the property tax burden for commercial/industrial business by
lowering the property tax assessment ratio from 25% to 20%.
4. Recommend that any future economic development tax incentive policy be
linked to significant, verifiable job creation.
5. Create an Arizona Development Fund to be used for economic development
deal closing incentives. The fund should be discretionary in nature, allowing
deposits from both private and public sources.
AtTACHMENT ..i.,..,
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text:
Slim straight. A slim, tailored fit brings modern sophistication to a classic straight leg style. This natural-hued jean features a sleek waxed coating for a trend-right take on traditional 5-pocket design. Tonal stitching rounds out the look for a polished finish. Zip fly with button closure.
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
William Safire, the language maven whose musings on how we use words have graced The New York Times and other newspapers for decades, has discovered something about the current crisis. Not for the first time, politicians are scrambling to avoid using common words that might get too close to the truth.
This time the target is the economy, specifically what needs to be done about it. In a column, Safire notes that some Democrats, notably the incoming White House chief of staff Rahm Emanuel, are steering away from using the world "stimulus" when referring to efforts to, er, stimulate the economy. "Recovery" is being used instead. As in, recovery plan.
Who could argue with that? Republicans, apparently. According to Safire, they are favouring "spending", presumably as in spend, spend, tax, tax etc.
Let's think up some more. How about the "defibrillation" plan?


text:
Mechanical engineering professor's start-up company wins $25K 'Next Gen' award during Accelerate Michigan Innovation competition
January 3, 2011
DEARBORN / Jan. 3, 2011---University of Michigan-Dearborn mechanical engineering Prof. Pravansu Mohantys start-up company, CSquared Innovations, won a $25,000 Next Gen Manufacturing Award last month. The company was among 50 semi-finalists in the Accelerate Michigan Innovation Competition, one of the nations largest business plan competitions that awarded more than $1 million in cash prizes and attracted 600 entries.
CSquared, a start-up venture that Mohanty founded this year with his three-person team, is deploying laser-assisted atmospheric plasma deposition technology which offers a high-speed, cost-effective and highly scalable platform approach to the synthesis of nanostructural materials and films for large-area lithium-ion battery electrodes, photovoltaic materials and industrial coatings.
The Accelerate Michigan Innovation Competition targets business startups with the potential to generate an immediate impact on Michigans economy. The awards were given by the Business Accelerator Network for Southeast Michigan in partnership with the New Economy Initiative for Southeast Michigan, Business Leaders for Michigan and the University Research Corridor during the inaugural Accelerate Michigan Innovation Competition at the University of Michigan's North Campus Research Complex in Ann Arbor, Mich.
Earlier this fall, Mohanty was invited to display the CSquared technology at U-Ms 10th annual Celebrate Invention event, which was held Sept. 29 at the Michigan League on the Ann Arbor campus. He was one of eight researchers selected to feature their discoveries at special kiosks during that event.
About University of Michigan-Dearborn
Founded in 1959 with a gift of just over 200 acres of land and $6.5 million from the Ford Motor Company, UM-Dearborn has been distinguished by its commitment to providing excellent educational opportunities responsive to the needs of southeastern Michigan. The university has 8,700 students pursuing undergraduate, masters, doctoral and professional degrees in the liberal arts and sciences, engineering, business, education, and public administration. With a faculty devoted to teaching, and students committed to achievement, UM-Dearborn has been shaped by its history of interaction with business, government and industry in southeastern Michigan, and is committed to responding to the needs of the region in the future.
Beth Marmarelli
Assistant Director of Communications
Jennifer Thelen
Public Relations Representative
The Office of Marketing and Communications
Room 1040, Administration Building
University of Michigan-Dearborn


text:
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text: Kenwood Excelon XR-4S 4-channel car amplifier 120 watts RMS x 4 at 4 ohms (New Stock) Zoom Front Back Photos Videos My vehicle's homepage We don't check this item for fit or compatibility. Item #: 113XR4S Review Summary 8 people say DISCONTINUED This item is no longer available to purchase. Contact us for other options Call Email Original price $349.99 Shop all All Car Amplifiers Shop all All Car Amplifiers We recommend this similar item, or shop all All Car Amplifiers Kenwood Excelon XR400-4 4 Ch. Car Amplifier variable high- and low-pass filters (50-200 Hz; 2.5K-10k Hz, 12 dB/octave)200 watts RMS x 2 at 4 ohms in bridged modeClass-D design $299.99 Compare discontinued and similar item x By buying this product you'll earn up to 350 Rewards points. When you sign up for a Crutchfield account, you'll be enrolled in Crutchfield Rewards. You'll earn one point for every dollar you spend on gear from us. You can turn your points into Rewards Cards that you can use toward future purchases. You can sign up for an account now, or after you complete your purchase (you'll get credit for the points either way). Sign up for a Crutchfield account Overview Details Customer Reviews Articles & Videos Accessories Our take on the Kenwood Excelon XR-4S by Buck Pomerantz My system has plenty of power. Who needs an amp? You might think you don't need an amp because you have a 400-watt system in your car, or because your new stereo puts out 50 watts a channel. But those are peak wattage ratings, which may boil down to 15 or 20 watts per channel, using the more realistic RMS rating. An amp sends your speakers the power they need to deliver your music with clarity and impact, whether you're using factory speakers or high-performance components. And low-frequency reproduction requires lots of power, so an amp is an absolute must if you're adding a sub to your system. You can add a dose of potent power to your system, thanks to the special design of the Kenwood Excelon XR-4S amplifier. Its dual power supplies and efficient Class D design let this amp deliver massive amounts of power to your speakers from a compact chassis that'll fit in more places than traditional amps can. The XR-4S offers impressive versatility when it comes to setting up your system. You can use it in 4-channel mode to drive your front and rear speakers, with 120 watts RMS per channel. You can also set it to bi-amp mode when you're powering a component speaker system, and drive the tweeters with the front channels and the midrange speakers with the rear channels. Got a sub? You can bridge the rear channels to drive a subwoofer, while the front channels power your full-range speakers. The built-in high- and low-pass filters let you tailor the amp's output so you can dial in the best possible performance for the speakers in your vehicle. See more info on this item Highlights:4-channel amplifier120 watts RMS x 4 at 4 ohms (150 watts RMS x 4 at 2 ohms)300 watts RMS x 2 bridged output at 4 ohms (4-ohm stable in bridged mode)CEA-2006 compliantvariable high- and low-pass filters (50-200 Hz; 2.5K-10k Hz, 12 dB/octave)Class-D amplifier designfrequency response: 20-20k Hzpreamp inputsfuse rating: 30A x 24-gauge power and ground leads recommended wiring and hardware not included with amplifier9-1/4"W x 2-1/16"H x 7-9/16"Dwarranty: 2 yearsOur 60-day money-back guarantee Hands-on research from the Crutchfield Labs (what are the Labs?) Features and specs chart | What's in the box? | In-depth notes Features and Specs Performance RMS Power Output (Watts x Channels) 120 x 4 Peak Power Output (Watts x Channels) 300 x 4 Power at 2 Ohms (Watts x Channels) 150 x 4 Bridged Power (Watts x Channels) 300 x 2 Minimum Impedance Bridged 4 Minimum Impedance Unbridged 2 Best Frequency Response 20-20k Hz THD at Rated RMS Power 1% Signal to Noise Ratio 73 dB Input Voltage 14.4v Features Amplifier Class D Low-Pass Crossover Frequency 50-200Hz/2.5-10kHz Low-Pass Slope (dB/octave) 12 dB/oct High-Pass Crossover Frequency 50-200Hz/2.5-10kHz High-Pass Slope (dB/octave) 12 dB/oct Bass Boost No Bass Boost Frequency N/A Fan Cooled Yes Fuse Rating 60 Speaker Level Inputs No Preamp Outputs No Width (inches) 9-5/16 Height (inches) 2-1/8 Depth (inches) 8-9/16 Parts Warranty 2 Years Labor Warranty 2 Years Product Research What's in the box? Download owner's manual 4-Channel Excelon amplifier Two 30-amp ATO fuses (installed) 4 Self-tapping screws Rubber terminal cover 4mm Allen wrench 2.5mm Allen wrench Instruction Manual (English/ French/ Spanish) Warranty Card Our Product Research Team At Crutchfield, you'll get detailed, accurate information that's hard to find elsewhere. That's because we have our own in-house Product Research team — they open the box, verify contents, check the owner's manual, and record dimensions, features and specs. We stay on top of new products and technologies to help people make informed choices. Features Controls Connections Features CEA 2006 Compliant: The XR-4S's power ratings are measured according to the strict standards dictated by the Consumer Electronics Association (CEA). These standards allow you to accurately compare the rated power output of all CEA 2006-compliant amplifiers. Manufacturers who adhere to the standards can display the CEA 2006 logo on their products and packaging. The amplifier features the following power specifications: 4-Ohm RMS Power Rating: 120 watts x 4-channels into 4-ohms, measured from 20-20 kHz, at 14.4 volts, with no more than 1% THD+noise Bridged RMS Power Rating: 300 watts x 2-channels into 4-ohms at 1 kHz with 1% THD 2-Ohm RMS Power Rating: 150 watts x 4-channels into 2-ohms at 1 kHz with 1% THD Max Power Output: 1200 watts (300 watts x 4-channels) Peak Class D Amplifier: Class D amps are very efficient and their small size offers installation flexibility. Class-D amplifiers overcome the inefficiencies of traditional Class-A or AB amplifiers. Class-D amplifiers transform very little power into heat, so a higher percentage of the power supply is transformed into the load. This results in a very compact amp which needs less input power to produce very high output power. Dual Power Supply: This design provides one power supply for positive current and one power supply for negative current. The result is a cleaner voltage source, fewer failures due to short circuit, less power loss due to variances in transformer tolerances, and less transformer noise even when the positive and negative loads are unstable. Cooling Fan: There is a cooling fan and vents on each side of the amplifier to help dissipate heat and ensure cool, reliable operation. Make sure not to block these vents or the fan when you install the amplifier. Protection circuitry: The XR-4S features protection circuits that will turn the amp off in case of the following events: Speaker wire short-circuits Speaker output contacts ground Amp overheats Unit malfunctions and DC is sent to speaker output Controls Input Sensitivity: The XR-4S features two gain controls, one for each 2-channel section of the amplifier (A and B). The input sensitivity of each is adjustable from 0.2 volts to 5.0 volts. Input Select: Set the input select to AB when using both line inputs; set to A when using only one set of inputs to feed all four amplifier channels. Filter Switch: The A and B sections of the amplifier have individual switches to set the crossover to low-pass, off (full range), or high-pass. Frequency Range: The A and B sections of the amplifier have individual switches to set the crossover frequency range to high (2.5 kHz to 10 kHz) or low (50 Hz to 200 Hz). Filter Frequency: The continuously variable crossover frequency range changes depending on the setting of the Frequency Range switch; 50 Hz to 200 Hz in the low position, 2.5 kHz to 10 kHz in the high position. The filter frequency is individually adjustable for the A and B sides of the amplifier. Connections Power And Ground Terminals: The amplifier features Allen head set-screw Power and Ground terminals that will accommodate up to 4 gauge wire. 6 gauge minimum is recommended. Remote Turn-On Terminal: The remote turn-on is an Allen head set-screw terminal that will accommodate up to 8 gauge wire. Speaker Terminals: The four speaker terminals are Allen head set-screw terminals that will accommodate up to 8 gauge wire. 12 gauge minimum is recommended. RCA Inputs: The amplifier features two pair of gold-plated RCA input connections. Fuse: The amplifier contains two 30-amp fuses. Review this product Submit a review and then enter to win a $500 rewards card Kenwood Excelon XR-4S Reviews Average Customer Review: 8 people say: Review this product: Thanks for taking the time to share your experiences about this product. Please be sure to focus your comments on the product itself. Read our Review Guidelines for more information. Review title * Email Your email won't be visible. Please use the email address that is associated with your order. Display name (e.g., JohnD) Your review will be signed using the display name and location * Your location (e.g., Charlottesville, VA) * Your rating Click on a star to rate the overall product on a scale of 1-5 1500 characters left * Your review Attach a YouTube Review Crutchfield Video Review Guidelines Only submit videos that you made or are authorized to use. Do not submit videos that contain music, video or visuals that are copyrighted and belong to someone else. Please see our Review Guidelines for more information. Submit the URL of your YouTube™ video review or product demonstration. e.g., "http://www.youtube.com/v/o79TWHh598U" 500 characters left Pros 500 characters left Cons * Agree to Terms By checking this box you agree your review becomes the property of Crutchfield, that you are over 18 years of age, that you own or have owned this product, and that you are located within the United States or its territories. Please see our Review Guidelines for more information. We reserve the right (but are not obligated to) review all submissions and edit or remove any review in any manner which we deem necessary. Your review should be posted within seven days. Filter by rating: 5 Star: (0) 4 Star: (0) 3 Star: (0) 2 Star: (0) 1 Star: (0) 5 out of 5 Excellent Written By iows, Las Vegas on Friday, April 19, 2013 Crutchfield Customer Review (What's this?) Purchased as part of a complete system upgrade for a 1979 MGB. Kenwood BT955HD, Polk MM6501, Polk MM691, Kenwood KSC-SW11 sub woofer. Class D was chosen because they draw less current and run cooler which is a concern in Las Vegas. Exceeds expectations. I love the sound. Pros: Lower current demand than AB amps. Lower temperatures. Class D in theory are over 90% efficient, Class AB somewhere over 60% efficient, waste is heat. Cons: It does run hotter than expected. Very warm to the touch BUT NOT painfully hot to the touch like the previous AB amps. Previous amps ( 2 amps, 2X100RMS ) worked fine but were both over 10 years old and it seemed a good time to replace them. Was this review helpful? Yes | No 5 out of 5 Great amp at a great bargain! Written By Brian P, Menifee, CA on Sunday, February 24, 2013 Crutchfield Customer Review (What's this?) I got this amp for my son's car and it sounds great! I got it as a refurbished product and paid half the cost. I have it running in a 2008 Scion XB running the front channel on the front speakers and the back channel running a JL Audio bass tube. Sounds great! Pros: Great size and power! Takes up less space. Cons: None so far 1 out of 1 people found this helpful Was this review helpful? Yes | No 4 out of 5 Great Amp! Written By Michael, Hillsboro, OR on Friday, August 19, 2011 I recently upgraded the audio system in my 2007 Dodge Ram MegaCab and purchased this amp after having it recommended to me by a friend who loves his tunes. The first amp I used did not meet my needs or expectations. I power a Hertz HSK-165 2-way component speaker system for the front stage. The rear door speakers are Alpine SPR 60's that are powered by the head unit for rear fill. To top it off, I have an older Focal 33A sub driven by a Blaupunkt amp. This amp matches up very nicely with the HSK's. The soundstage is wall to wall and up in front. The frequency response and tonal quality of the HSK's really shine with this amp. There is no distortion at higher volumes and the sound reproduction is crisp, clear and clean. While this amp is not necessarily top of the line equipment for the audiophile, I would definitely recommend this amp to anyone who wants to get the best out of their system, especially if you have upgraded to a nice set of component speakers. Was this review helpful? Yes | No 4 out of 5 Nice power in a small package! Written By Riveted1, Gilbert, AZ on Sunday, June 26, 2011 Crutchfield Customer Review (What's this?) Does what it's supposed to do. Amplifies the sound without any discernable coloration. Crossovers work well. Way more efficient than my previous class A/B amp. Tiny, so it's easy to hide away. Can't really say anything negative about it! 2 out of 4 people found this helpful Was this review helpful? Yes | No 5 out of 5 Great Amplifier/Little Money Written By bobbyg, Flagstaff, AZ on Friday, June 24, 2011 Crutchfield Customer Review (What's this?) I Purchased this amplifier a couple of weeks ago as a refurbished unit. I had some reservations about buying a refurbished unit but the price is really great and you have a 90 day period to shake out problems. The Amp works great in my 2009 Chevrolet 3500 crew cab. I mounted the Amp along with another Amp for subs along the back wall of the truck cab. The hardest part there is removing the back seat, (a two person job). I also replaced all of the door speakers with high quality alpine componet speakers. I run the amp through the factory stereo with a clean sweep prosesser, There is no compairison between the new stereo set up vs. the factory system. Take then time to get your amps adjusted properly for clean sound. Once you reinstall the back seat, your access to the amps goes away! I am really happy with the set up! Was this review helpful? Yes | No 4 out of 5 Ignore Negative Comments Written By JohnnyDeluxe, Miami, Fl on Monday, May 02, 2011 Given that I had a full JL Audio setup in my previous vehicle, I had something to compare this setup with. Before purchasing, I read numerous reviews and had mixed feelings about these Kenwood digital amps (XR-1S for bass) but I got a great deal through another distributor so I took the plunge. Speaker selection for the XR-4S is a pair of Hertz HSK165 Comps up front (wow!) and my old JL XR650 Coax's rear (and yes, they're struggling to keep up). Speaker selection for the XR-1S is a pair of JL 10W1v2's. Pros: *These amps produce a lot of clean power. *Bi-Amp connection (A&B), great feature for independent tweaking. *VIF (XR-1S only), another great feature. *Bass (XR-1S) is tight and punchy *Small footprint. Cons: *Pricey *Adjustment settings are very sensitive. *They get hot. *Bass Boost on XR-1S (accessory pt # KCA-WR10 is nearly insignificant. (these are all small issues) The results thus far have been quite satisfying. Sure, they're not my old JL Audio system BUT they are far more than what I initially expected! Ultimately I didn't give 'em 5 stars because sound quality just slightly diminishes when operating at peak output, HOWEVER THIS MAY BE DUE TO MY OLD, TIRED JL COAX's IN THE REAR (I'll change 'em out in the future and post updated results). *Side Notes: *Sound deadening material and high quality cables (StreetWires O/F) were used throughout, including battery grounding cable upgrade (as suggested by other reviewer), enhancing sound quality significantly. 3 out of 3 people found this helpful Was this review helpful? Yes | No 5 out of 5 great amp if you do 2 things Written By thomas, seattle. wa on Monday, July 05, 2010 I had this amp professionally installed and was not happy with it until i tweaked it. controls are easy to access and adjust. Just remember to follow the manufacturers installation notes. Set the input to match the maximum preamp output voltage of the head unit (do not set the input "by ear" as many professionals will attempt). Next, upgrade the ground wire from the battery to the grounding point on the vehicle. This changed the amp from an ok sounding amp to a great sounding amp (another step the professionals felt was unnecessary) 6 out of 8 people found this helpful Was this review helpful? Yes | No 5 out of 5 Great Little Amp Written By Chris, Montclair, NJ on Wednesday, May 13, 2009 This is a great little amp. Period. It is well made, just as nice as the Alpine PDX, and the Pioneer Premier ICE, only this one is even more compact. Sound is extremely clear and spacious, whatever Kenwood did they did it right. The XR-4S does not sound like a class D amplifier at all; no audible distortion to speak of. Things to like: nice feel, heavy, has a cooling fan, full range class D, simple and easy set up. Things to not like: crossover is not variable full range, it can either be set for highs (bi amp to tweeters) or lows (bi amp to woofers or tri amped to subwoofer), or off for full range sound. Would like a little more control here, but I have some flexiblity through the tuning capabilities of my Alpine head unit, so this is not a problem for me. The amp has two side vents covered by silver grills for flow through ventilation, on the front side where the crossover and input controls are located is also where the fan is located. The unit runs very cool, so far I have really pushed the amp and have not see the fan kick on or the high temperature light come on. The amplifier is so small and compact it looks like a toy until you pick it up. It is supposed to weight seven pounds, it makes my old 50 watts x 4 seem like a toy. But this Kenwood if good for 120 watts x 4. 17 out of 20 people found this helpful Was this review helpful? Yes | No Add accessories for the Kenwood Excelon XR-4S Add Accessories Add a Warranty You'll need an amp wiring kit to install your new amplifier, as wiring is not included. See all categories & accessories You'll need an amp wiring kit to install your new amplifier, as wiring is not included. Single-amp Wiring Kits Bring the music from your amp to your speakers. Speaker Wire Patch cables take the music from your stereo to the amplifier. Most amp wiring kits don't include them. RCA Patch Cables & Adapters For multi-amp systems, you'll need a separate fuse holder. Fuse Holders Helps protect your car's charging system and improves power handling. Required power and ground wires not included with cap. Capacitors The right tools will make the installation easier. Tools EFX PA4BX Wiring Kit 4-gauge amplifier wiring kit — includes 2-channel patch cable 5 people say Your Price: $79.99 Add to Cart Kicker PK4 4-gauge amplifier power wiring kit Your Price: $129.99 Add to Cart Rockford Fosgate RFK4 4-gauge amplifier power wiring kit 10 people say Your Price: $114.99 Add to Cart Rockford Fosgate RFK4X Complete 4-gauge amplifier wiring kit Includes patch cable and speaker wire 12 people say Your Price: $159.99 Add to Cart T-Spec 16-gauge Speaker Wire Black/white jacket priced per foot 13 people say Your Price: $0.69 Add to Cart T-Spec 12-gauge Speaker Wire Black/white jacket priced per foot 29 people say Your Price: $1.99 Add to Cart Stinger PRO Series Speaker Wire Priced per foot (16 Gauge) Options 16 Gauge-$0.39 14 Gauge-$0.65 Priced per foot (16 Gauge) Priced per foot (14 Gauge) 50 people say Your Price: $0.39 Add to Cart T-Spec 2-Channel RCA Patch Cables Available in 7 different lengths (17-foot) Options 1.5-foot-$9.99 3-foot-$10.99 6-foot-$12.99 10-foot-$14.99 14-foot-$17.99 17-foot-$19.99 20-foot-$20.99 Available in 7 different lengths (1.5-foot) Available in 7 different lengths (3-foot) Available in 7 different lengths (6-foot) Available in 7 different lengths (10-foot) Available in 7 different lengths (14-foot) Available in 7 different lengths (17-foot) Available in 7 different lengths (20-foot) 25 people say Your Price: $19.99 Add to Cart T-Spec 4-Channel RCA Patch Cable 17-foot length 7 people say Your Price: $29.99 Add to Cart EFX 17-foot RCA Patch Cable 54 people say Your Price: $7.99 Add to Cart EFX CFHG4 Fuse Holder In-line AGU fuse holder accepts 4- to 8-gauge wire Your Price: $9.99 Add to Cart Rockford Fosgate RFFAGU Fuse Holder Platinum-plated AGU fuse holder Fits 4- or 8-gauge cable 25 people say Your Price: $10.99 Add to Cart T-Spec Capacitor 1.5-farad capacitor with red LCD meter 11 people say Your Price: $79.99 Add to Cart Metra Crimp Tool and Connectors Package contains crimp tool and over 150 pieces 15 people say Your Price: $19.99 Add to Cart S&G Wire Cutter/Stripper Tool Cuts and strips 12- to 22-gauge wire 15 people say Your Price: $19.99 Add to Cart S&G Tool Aid 87650 Door Trim and Panel Removal Tool 68 people say Your Price: $9.99 Add to Cart Pro.Fit Wire Worm Installation tool helps route wiring through tight spaces 31 people say Your Price: $12.99 Add to Cart Bojo Trim Panel Tools Set of 6 pry tools helps remove interior and exterior trim and door panels 52 people say Your Price: $24.99 Add to Cart Skewdriver Pro SPK4042 Ratcheting straight and offset screwdriver set with 40 bits (Skewdriver Pro with ratchet handle, pictured) 8 people say Your Price: $49.99 Add to Cart Bojo Trim Panel Tools Set of 6 pry tools helps remove interior and exterior trim and door panels 2 people say Your Price: $29.99 Add to Cart Why choose SquareTrade? The #1-Rated Protection Plan Thousands of people have reviewed SquareTrade Protection Plans — and made us #1. 5-Day Service Guarantee & Free Shipping We'll repair or replace your item in five business days or less after we've received it, or your plan is free. And, as always, we pay for all shipping. Protection from Normal, Everyday Use Repairing your average mechanical or electrical failure can cost as much as buying a new device. With SquareTrade, you're covered — including parts and labor. 3 Year Protection Plan Your Price: $49.99 Add to Cart For a more in-depth review and enhanced detailed information on the Kenwood Excelon XR-4S, please visit the Crutchfield website product page (/ISEO-rccbcspd/p_113XR4S/Kenwood-Excelon-XR-4S.html ). x Sorry, the Kenwood Excelon XR-4S is no longer available for purchase. Shop all All Car Amplifiers Looking for a similar item? Kenwood Excelon XR400-4 $299.99 6 people say Or, you can still... 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Interactivity refers broadly to human-computer musical interaction, or human-human musical interaction that is mediated through a computer, or possibly a series of networked computers that are also interacting with each other. Often, an interactive performance, composition or improvisation will involve the creation or programming of software that will respond to pre-determined aspects of a live performance. The software will then determine other aspects of the music, either generating synthesised sound, or modifying in some way all or some of the 'live' sound.
The behaviour of the computer may be highly determined or indeterminate as defined by the musicians, and may be modified from performance to performance. The exact musical role of the computer may even be modified in real-time during the course of a performance.
Interactive music-making introduces and often utilises notions of virtual instrument, virtual performer, virtual composer, and even virtual listener.
Interactive music-making frequently blurs the conventional distinction between compositional and improvisational activity. Key issues in interactive music making are socialisation, collective authorship, geographical and temporal synchronicity/asynchronicity, and 'distributed activity'.
See also:Emergence, Immersive Environment, Interactive Instruments, Internet Music, Live Electronics, Multimedia
UNESCO DigiArts- Introduction à l'histoire et à l'esthétique des musiques électroacoustiques: Session 6 - De la musique mixte à l'interactivité ( French )
English - Español - Français - Deutch - Italiano
Alphabetical order - Chronological order
1-60 | 61-120 | 121-180 | 181-203 | >> Next 60


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Release 2014.4.0
Xcalibur is very excited to announce that SCRIBE v2014.4.0 is now live! Updated Filters and Fields Include No Participation – This filter has been moved to below the Service Category filter. Participation Adding Student Participation – You can now add participation to an existing service within past school years from the student-participation tab. Browser Update … Continue reading
Back to School 2014-2015: The Student Enrollment Import
Well, summer is gone and back to school shopping is done. School is back in session! Now that school has begun and students are enrolled in your respective school, it's time for Student Enrollment Imports! What is a Student Enrollment Import? This file is a list of ALL students enrolled at the beginning of each … Continue reading
Release 2014.3.0
Xcalibur is very excited to announce that SCRIBE v2014.3.0 is now live! New/Updated Filters and Fields Participants by Program(s) – Formerly known as Program(s) filter. This filter will now show all programs within your instance, with the added benefit of being able to filter by "Not in any Internally Tracked Program(s)" which returns participants that … Continue reading
2014 NCCEP/GEAR UP Annual Conference in Washington, DC
Xcalibur will be attending the NCCEP/GEAR UP Annual Conference on July 20-23, in Washington, DC! If you're attending the conference, please come visit us at our booth! Jim, Stacy, and Curt will all be on hand to answer any questions that you have about SCRIBE and demo some of the features!
Release 2014.2.1
We are always working on ways to make your experience with SCRIBE as easy as possible. To offer the best support possible, we not only have major releases but we have (as with this release) minor service releases as well. This brings us to Release 2014.2.1! We have added/updated: Custom client specific reports Student Demographics … Continue reading
Release 2014.2.0
Xcalibur is very excited to announce that SCRIBE v2014.2.0 is now live! New Reports Course Enrollment Report – This report shows the number of students for the selected school(s) who are enrolled in a course for the selected school year. Service Types to APR Category Mappings – This report (PDF/Excel) shows the APR Service Type Name and … Continue reading
Release 2014.1.0
Xcalibur is very excited to announce that SCRIBE v2014.1.0 is now live! New/Updated Features Now when using Create Service from Service Template, users will be redirected to the Service Details page after creation of the Service. Before this update users were redirected to the Service Template List. STEM tracking has been added to Services. Services … Continue reading
I Have 99 Questions and SCRIBE's Online Survey Can Digitize Every Last One
Survey time is now upon us! If you haven't given us a copy of your surveys for 2013-2014, you need to soon! Clients who have not taken advantage of SCRIBE's ability to create online versions of their surveys may have some questions, like: How would using SCRIBE for our surveys be useful? SCRIBE allows you … Continue reading
SCRIBE Spotlight: Quick Links
Xcalibur is constantly working to make your experience in SCRIBE better. Our newest way of accomplishing this is Quick Links. What are Quick Links? Instead of going back through SCRIBE and trying to guess where you have been, the new Quick Links feature will remember for you! Quick Links are a list of Districts, Schools, … Continue reading
Release 2013.5.0
Xcalibur is very excited to announce that SCRIBE v2013.5.0 is now live! New/Updated Features Quick Links – Located on the homepage, this allows the user to see the District, School, Service, Student, and Teacher they last viewed or modified. The user can arrange their own setting for how many Quick Links can be shown by … Continue reading


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We are a globally recognized innovator of sound, image, and voice technologies for cinemas, home theaters, PCs, mobile devices, and games.
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Transform your living room into a sophisticated home theater with amazing sound and true-to-life video quality.
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We've reinvented the conference phone to deliver lifelike clarity and conversational ease.
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We offer a collegial culture, challenging projects, and the opportunity to work on the latest entertainment technologies.
Ray Dolby, our founder, was more than a brilliant scientist and inventor. He valued a work environment that fostered both individual creativity and teamwork, intellectual curiosity and practical problem-solving. He believed in forward thinking, mutual respect, and a true work-life balance.
Even as we've become a global company, Dolby Laboratories continues to reflect Ray Dolby's values. Here, science meets art. And high tech goes far beyond computer code.
We focus on complete solutions that revolutionize how people create, deliver, and enjoy entertainment worldwide. We emphasize quality and we prize integrity, earning the trust of our partners and customers. We also believe in giving back to the communities where we do business.
We are an eclectic mix of scientists, engineers, and enthusiasts. We share a love of movies and music—and an insatiable curiosity about sound and light.
We're looking for the absolute best talent. We're big enough to give you all the resources you need, and small enough so you can make a real difference and win recognition for your work.
We offer a collegial culture, challenging projects, and competitive compensation and benefits. As part of our team, you'll work on projects that matter. You'll see and hear the results everywhere, from movie theatres to smartphones.
Of course, we offer competitive compensation and benefit packages in each of our locations around the globe, including some unique perks at many of our larger locations. For example, in San Francisco and London locations, we offer employees access to the latest movies in our on-site screening rooms.
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