text:
State of Arizona
of the
Auditor General
Report to the Arizona Legislature
By Douglas R. Norton
Auditor General
December 1997
Report # 97-23
2910 NORTH 44th STREET • SUITE 410 • PHOENIX, ARIZONA 85018 • (602) 553-0333 • FAX (602) 553-0051
December 19, 1997
Members of the Arizona Legislature
The Honorable Jane Dee Hull, Governor
Mr. Ken Travous, Executive Director
Arizona State Parks Board
Transmitted herewith is a report of the Auditor General, A Performance Audit of the Arizona State Parks
Board. This report is in response to a May 29, 1995, resolution of the Joint Legislative Audit Committee.
The performance audit was conducted as part of the Sunset review set forth in A.R.S. §§41-2951 through
The report addresses several aspects of the Board's duties including the need to improve efforts to
acquire, protect, and manage natural areas, the need to identify new park sites, and how the Board can
improve its fiscal administration. The Board has only acquired two natural areas since 1991, leaving an
uncommitted balance of $8.8 million of Heritage Fund monies designated for the acquisition, protection,
and management of natural areas. In addition, the Board has yet to develop formal processes to identify
and select future park sites. As part of a new park site identification process, the Board should, where
possible, pursue partnerships with other government entities, in which the park site is provided to the
State and the State will develop and manage the park. Finally, the Board needs to develop a time
accounting system to help ensure Heritage Fund and Off-Highway Vehicle Fund monies are spent
appropriately, improve controls over concession revenues and fee collections, and continue toward full
compliance with financial accounting requirements for recording fixed assets.
As outlined in its response, the Arizona State Parks Board agrees with all but one recommendation. Our
report recommends that the Board comply with statutory requirements for funding personnel with
Heritage Fund interest and Off-Highway Vehicle revenues and that the Board develop a system for
apportioning staff time to ensure compliance with these requirements. The Board disagrees with
developing a system to apportion staff time.
My staff and I will be pleased to discuss or clarify items in the report.
This report will be released to the public on December 22, 1997.
Douglas R. Norton
Auditor General
The Office of the Auditor General has conducted a performance audit and Sunset review of
the Arizona State Parks Board pursuant to a May 29, 1995, resolution of the Joint Legislative
Audit Committee. The audit is part of the Sunset review set forth in Arizona Revised Statutes
§§41-2951 through 41-2957.
The Arizona State Parks Board was established by the Legislature in 1957, and consists of
seven members, including six members appointed by the Governor for six-year terms and
the State Land Commissioner. The Board's general mission is
"to select, acquire, preserve, establish and maintain areas of natural features, scenic beauty, his-torical
and scientific interest, and zoos and botanical gardens, for the education, pleasure, rec-reation,
and health of the people, and for such other purposes as may be prescribed by law."
To accomplish its mission, the Board appoints an Executive Director to oversee the 25 open
state parks, programs, and activities it administers. In fiscal year 1997, the Board employed
246.5 FTEs, including seasonal employees.
The Arizona State Parks Board
Needs to Improve Efforts to
Acquire and Protect Natural Areas
(See pages 9 through 13)
The State Parks Board's efforts to meet the Heritage Fund mandate to acquire, protect, and
manage natural areas have been limited, leaving more than $8.8 million in uncommitted
monies as of June 30, 1997. Beginning in fiscal year 1991, the Board annually receives $1.7
million in Heritage Fund revenues to acquire natural areas, but to date it has purchased only
two sites. For one of the two sites, the Sonoita Creek State Natural Area, purchased in fiscal
year 1994, the Board has yet to secure additional properties and conservation easements
needed to protect the creek area. The Board has begun work to correct some of these issues;
however, more effort is needed to address the remaining issues.
In addition, the Board also receives $400,000 annually from the Heritage Fund to operate and
manage natural areas. From 1992 to 1994, the Natural Areas Advisory Committee identified
natural area sites within five existing state parks. However, Board staff have not completed
required management guidelines, although the project has been pending since at least 1993.
Until these guidelines are completed, the sites will be ineligible to receive Heritage Fund
natural areas operation and management monies, and consequently, will remain unpro-tected.
Overall, the Board's lack of action has resulted in more than $8.8 million in uncommitted
Heritage Fund natural areas monies. Unless the Board improves its efforts to acquire and
protect natural areas, the Heritage Fund balance will continue to grow by approximately $1.9
million annually in uncommitted monies. The Board could better fulfill its natural areas
acquisition and protection responsibilities by providing additional staff resources to support
the Natural Areas Program. The Heritage Fund could provide resources to fund the needed
Process Needed to
Identify New Park Sites
(See pages 15 through 17)
The Board should improve its efforts to identify new state parks. Historically, the Board has
generally pursued only those sites that were brought to its attention by external parties. In
contrast, by developing a current inventory of desirable sites, the Board could better focus on
areas that best meet its needs, including sites that can be acquired without purchase. This will
first require the Board to develop procedures for selecting sites to be considered in the in-ventory,
then evaluating them to determine if they meet the criteria to become a state park.
Once sites are identified, the Board should, where possible, pursue partnerships, which are a
less costly and more timely way to expand parks. For example, in 1992, the Board entered
into a partnership with the U.S. Forest Service , the Arizona Game and Fish Department, and
the City of Show Low to develop and operate the Fool Hollow Lake Recreation Area without
purchasing the land.
The Arizona State Parks Board
Can Improve Fiscal Administration
(See pages 19 through 23)
The Board can improve its fiscal administration. The audit found 13 positions inappropri-ately
funded with either Heritage Fund or Off-Highway Vehicles Fund monies that were
being used in ways that were not prescribed by either Fund's statutes. Although the Board
maintains that some of these expenditures are offset by time other staff spend on Heritage
Fund activities which are not charged to the Heritage Fund, the Board does not have a means
of apportioning staff time and funding. In addition, the Board needs to improve controls over
its concession revenues and fee collections, and continue its efforts toward full compliance
for recording fixed assets.
Other Pertinent Information
(See pages 25 through 31)
During the audit other pertinent information was obtained regarding Kartchner Caverns
State Park construction cost growth and completion delays, and the use of credit cards, a
reservation system at state parks, and staffing.
(This Page Intentionally Left Blank)
Table of Contents
Introduction and Background .............................................................. 1
Finding I: The Arizona State Parks Board
Needs to Improve Efforts to
Acquire and Protect Natural Areas................................................. 9
Board's Efforts to
Protect Natural Areas
Have Been Limited....................................................................................................... 9
Additional Staff May Be Needed
to Fully Implement Natural
Areas Program.............................................................................................................. 11
Recommendations........................................................................................................ 13
Finding II: Process Needed to
Identify New Park Sites..................................................................... 15
Board Should Proactively
Identify Potential
State Parks ..................................................................................................................... 15
Efforts Should Include
Consideration of
Partnerships .................................................................................................................. 16
Recommendation......................................................................................................... 17
Finding III: The Arizona State Parks Board
Can Improve Fiscal Administration................................................ 19
Personnel Funding
Should Comply
with Statutes.................................................................................................................. 19
Table of Contents (cont'd)
Finding III: (cont'd)
Board Can Improve
Fiscal Oversight ............................................................................................................ 21
Recommendations........................................................................................................ 23
Other Pertinent Information.................................................................. 25
Kartchner Caverns........................................................................................................ 25
Credit Card and
Reservation Systems .................................................................................................... 28
Staffing Shortages
May Exist at
State Parks ..................................................................................................................... 30
Sunset Factors........................................................................................ 33
Agency Response
Table of Contents (concl'd)
Table 1 Arizona State Parks Board
Statement of Revenues and Expenditures
and Other Changes in Fund Balance
Years Ended June 30, 1995, 1996, and 1997
(Unaudited).................................................................................... 6
Table 2 Arizona State Parks Board
Visitor Preferences for Selected Services
1995-96............................................................................................ 28
Figure 1 Arizona State Parks Board
State Park Classification ............................................................... 2
(This Page Intentionally Left Blank)
The Office of the Auditor General has conducted a performance audit and Sunset review of
the Arizona State Parks Board, pursuant to a May 29, 1995, resolution of the Joint Legislative
Audit Committee. This review is part of the Sunset review set forth in Arizona Revised Stat-utes
§§41-2951 through 41-2957.
The Board was established by the Legislature in 1957. According to A.R.S. §41-511.03, the
Board's general mission is
"to select, acquire, preserve, establish and maintain areas of natural features, scenic beauty, his-torical
and scientific interest, and zoos and botanical gardens, for the education, pleasure, rec-reation,
and health of the people, and for such other purposes as may be prescribed by law."
This audit is the second Sunset review of the State Parks Board. The 1987 audit found that the
state park system was small compared to other states and recommended that the agency
seek other funding for system expansion. Since 1987, the State has added five sites to the park
system and has expanded an existing site. In addition, a 1990 voter initiative created the
Heritage Fund, which among other things provides $1.7 million for state park acquisition
and development. To date, Heritage Fund Acquisition and Development monies for recrea-tional
parks have been used to further develop existing parks and to complete Kartchner
State Parks
The Board manages 28 parks, comprised of 40,239 acres, through ownership, leases, and
management agreements. Park lands are categorized into 4 classifications: recreational, his-toric,
environmental education, and future parks. The 14 recreation parks provide recrea-tional
opportunities such as fishing, boating, and camping. The 9 historic parks preserve
cultural resources, including archaeological, prehistoric, and historic resources. The 2 envi-ronmental
education parks provide interpretation and environmental education of the site's
natural resources and limited recreational opportunities. Additionally, there are three state
parks that have been acquired but as yet are not open to the general public. Figure 1 (see
page 2), illustrates the state parks' locations and current classifications.
State Parks Board
The Arizona State Parks Board has seven members, including six members appointed by the
Governor for six-year terms and the State Land Commissioner. The Board appoints a Di-rector
to oversee Board operations. As of fiscal year 1997 the Board had 246.5 full-time
equivalent positions (FTEs), including seasonal employees, and is organized into 5 divi-sions.
In addition, the Board uses a number of voluntary commissions and committees.
These include the Arizona Archaeology Advisory Commission, the Arizona Outdoor Rec-reation
Coordinating Commission, the Arizona State Committee on Trails, the Historic
Preservation Advisory Committee, the Historic Sites Review Committee, the Natural Areas
Advisory Committee, and the Off-Highway Vehicle Advisory Group.
State Parks Board
Revenues and Expenditures
The Board receives both appropriated and nonappropriated monies. In fiscal year 1997, the
Board expended nearly $30 million. The Board expends monies for agency operations; park
acquisition, construction, development and maintenance; and awards grants and other
monies to other entities for park, historic preservation, and other statutorily mandated pro-grams.
The Legislature appropriates monies to the Board from both the General Fund and
the State Parks Enhancement Fund. The Board also receives revenues and disburses monies
from several nonappropriated funds including the Arizona Heritage Fund, the State Lake
Improvement Fund, and the Off-Highway Vehicle Fund. These funds provide for a variety
of state recreational and other needs.
n Enhancement Fund—In 1991 the Kartchner Caverns Acquisition and Development
Fund was modified and renamed the State Parks Enhancement Fund. Park revenues are
placed into the Enhancement Fund, with 50 percent of the revenues going to Kartchner
Caverns and the purchase of Tonto Natural Bridge, and 50 percent to support park op-erations.
In fiscal year 1997, the Enhancement Fund had $4.3 million in revenue from fee
collections, commission sales, and concession revenues. Prior to the Enhancement Fund
all revenues were deposited in the State General Fund rather than allocated to the
n The Arizona Heritage Fund—The Heritage Fund was established through a ballot
initiative in 1990 to provide monies for preserving, protecting, and enhancing Arizona's
natural and scenic environment. The Board receives $10 million annually in Heritage
Fund revenues from lottery ticket sales. By law, these monies must be spent in specific
percentages on state park acquisition and development, state park natural areas acquisi-tion,
natural areas operation and management, historic preservation, environmental
education, trails development, and local, regional, and state parks. Three of these func-
tions support grant programs, from which approximately $3.8 million was spent in fiscal
year 1997.
n The State Lake Improvement Fund (SLIF)—In 1984 the Board assumed responsibility
for SLIF. SLIF's purpose is to enhance boating opportunities within the State. In fiscal
year 1997, approximately $8.6 million was available in new SLIF revenues from motor
vehicle fuel taxes and a portion of water craft license fees and investment interest. In ad-dition
to amounts spent on Board projects, the Board awarded $9.2 million in SLIF grants
in fiscal year 1997.1
n The Off-Highway Vehicle (OHV) Fund—Established in 1989, this Fund is supported by
a portion of motor fuel taxes that are used to provide off-road recreational programs and
opportunities. In fiscal year 1997, the OHV Fund received approximately $1.7 million in
new revenues. In addition to Board projects, the Board spent $931,592 on OHV grants
awarded in fiscal year 1996.
Table 1 (see page 6) summarizes the Board's actual revenues and expenditures for fiscal years
1995 through 1997.
1987 Report and Follow-up
As part of the current audit, some concerns previously identified in the Auditor General's
1987 performance audit of the Arizona State Parks Board (Report No. 87-1) were reviewed.
n State parks system too small—The 1987 audit reported Arizona's state parks system
was not large enough to meet the needs of the State's growing population. It was one of
the smallest state park systems in the nation, and Arizona ranked 49th in the number of
state parks. The system was small, in part, because previous Boards did not pursue ex-pansion
and development.
Follow-up—The Board has added five sites to the park system: Kartchner Caverns State
Park, Tonto Natural Bridge State Park, Fool Hollow Lake Recreation Area, Yuma Cross-ing,
and Sonoita Creek State Natural Area. In addition, the Board has expanded Dead
Horse Ranch State Park through acquisitions of parcels along the Verde River. The Board
should, however, begin developing procedures to identify potential new park sites, and
should also pursue park sites that can be acquired without purchase.
n Board needs to pursue additional funding sources for acquisition and develop-ment—
The Board should pursue funding sources in addition to the General Fund for fi-
1 The $9.2 million awarded in SLIF grants in fiscal year 1997 includes monies available from previous years.
nancing the expansion of the state parks system. Between fiscal years 1983 and 1987, only
13 percent of the Board's requests for land, building, and improvement projects were
Follow-up—In 1990 a ballot initiative was passed establishing the Arizona Heritage
Fund. Each year, the Heritage Fund provides $1.7 million for state park acquisition and
development and an additional $1.7 million for state park natural areas acquisition. In
addition, the Heritage Fund provides $400,000 annually for the operation and manage-ment
of natural areas. Furthermore, in 1991 legislation was passed allowing 50 percent of
the State Parks Enhancement Fund to be spent on Kartchner Caverns development and
Tonto Natural Bridge acquisition.
Audit Scope and
Audit work focused on evaluating the Board's performance in managing the state park sys-tem
and explored methods to ensure proper fiscal administration. The report presents find-ings
and recommendations in three areas:
n Fully implementing the Natural Areas Program to ensure that Heritage Fund natural area
monies are fully used and the Board is adequately protecting the State's natural areas.
n Developing a park acquisition process and increasing use of partnerships to help acquire
new state parks.
n Improving the Board's fiscal administration.
Table 1
Arizona State Parks Board
Statement of Revenues, Expenditures,
and Other Changes in Fund Balance
Years Ended June 30, 1995, 1996, and 1997
1995 1996 1997
Lottery appropriations $10,000,000 $10,000,000 $10,000,000
State General Fund appropriations 6,534,800 9,967,800 1 6,103,400
Motor vehicle 8,286,310 8,706,731 8,828,181
Other in-lieu of property 849,196 877,809 898,903
Intergovernmental 2,690,361 2,101,663 874,996
Licenses, fees, and permits 1,869,164 2,015,633 2,138,107
Admissions, concessions, and other sales 1,763,642 2,132,456 2,145,048
Interest on investments 1,675,026 2,349,405 2,716,539
Other 186,620 304,134 412,772
Total revenues 33,855,119 38,455,631 34,117,946
Personal services and employee related 8,271,492 7,846,558 7,831,583
Professional and outside services 850,480 1,761,947 1,056,173
Travel 207,600 229,855 193,211
Aid to individuals and organizations 7,066,643 9,057,666 9,109,869
Food 13,488 8,216
Other operating 3,221,487 3,548,728 3,915,953
Capital outlay 2,447,728 4,264,966 7,656,079
Total expenditures 22,078,918 26,717,936 29,762,868
Excess of revenues over expenditures 11,776,201 11,737,695 4,355,078
Other financing sources (uses) 2 174 (66,058) 5,645
Excess of revenues and other sources over ex-penditures
and other uses 11,776,375 11,671,637 4,360,723
Fund balance, beginning of year 38,981,913 50,758,288 62,429,925
Fund balance, end of year $50,758,288 $62,429,925 $66,790,648 3
1 Includes a $3.5 million appropriation to complete construction at Kartchner Caverns State Park.
2 Includes net operating transfers for all years and reversions to the State General Fund of $77,185 for the year ended June
30, 1996.
3 Fund balance at June 30, 1997, includes the following: $22.9 million in the State Lake Improvement Fund designated for
park projects and grants; $33 million in the Heritage Fund, including $16.6 million designated for grants, $9.6 million
designated for natural area acquisitions, operations, and management, and $2.4 million from investment earnings desig-nated
for administration; $4.7 million in the Off-Highway Vehicle Fund designated for alternatives such as law enforce-ment,
environmental education programs, environmental damage, land acquisitions, and administration; and $3.8 million
in the State Parks Enhancement Fund designated for a park lease purchase, the development of Kartchner Caverns, and
park operations. For the State Parks Enhancement Fund, the Board may expend only that portion of fund balance appro-priated
by the Legislature.
Source: The Uniform Statewide Accounting System Revenues and Expenditures by Fund, Program, Organization, and Object and
Trial Balance by Fund reports and the State of Arizona Appropriations Report for the years ended June 30, 1995, 1996, and
A variety of procedures was used to develop the findings and recommendations in this
n Evaluation of the state park system included visiting 8 Arizona state parks. Interviews
were conducted with 13 park rangers and park managers, officials from contiguous
states' parks departments, national organizations, Joint Legislative Budget Committee
staff, and the Arizona State Comptroller's Office.
n Analysis of the Board's Natural Areas Program involved review of acquisition plans,
data, policies, and procedures, and selected Board and Natural Area Advisory Commit-tee
minutes from fiscal years 1991 to the present. Interviews were conducted with Board
members and staff, and the Heritage Alliance.
n Evaluation of the Board's fiscal administration included review of past and present con-cession
contracts, supporting documentation, payment records, relevant statutes, Board
position descriptions, 11 fee collection audits, and Arizona Accounting Manual require-ments.
Interviews were conducted with Board staff and the contiguous states' park de-partments.
This audit was conducted in accordance with government auditing standards.
The Auditor General and staff express appreciation to the Arizona State Parks Board, the
Natural Areas Advisory Committee, the Director, and staff for their cooperation and assis-tance
during the audit.
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Since 1991 the Heritage Fund has provided the Arizona State Parks Board with millions of
dollars annually to acquire and protect the State's important natural features, but the Board's
efforts to fulfill this Heritage mandate have been limited, resulting in over $8.8 million in
uncommitted monies as of June 30, 1997. The Board could better fulfill the Heritage mandate
if it used available resources to support the Natural Areas Program.1
Each fiscal year, the Heritage Fund provides the State Parks Board with $1.7 million to ac-quire
natural areas, and an additional $400,000 to operate and manage them. Following
passage of this initiative, the Board approved a natural areas program to:
"establish a system of State Natural Areas . . . through acquisition and designation of lands
having primarily global, but also national or state significance with regard to plant or animal
species, habitats/communities, or geologic/hydrologic features."
To assist in fulfilling the Heritage mandate, the Board established the Natural Areas Advi-sory
Committee2, and approved a process for the advisory committee to recommend poten-tial
state natural areas.
Board's Efforts to
Protect Natural Areas
Have Been Limited
Since the Board began receiving Heritage Fund monies in 1991 to acquire and protect natural
areas, it has purchased only two sites, and has yet to address problems that impact protecting
1 On November 20, 1997, the Board approved the expenditure of an additional $850,000 to pursue potential
2 The Natural Areas Advisory Committee is comprised of volunteer members representing scientific expertise
in the fields of botany, ecology, geology, hydrology, zoology, wildlife biology, and preserve management, or
other related subjects or persons actively involved in conservation, scientific, or preservation fields.
the significant natural feature at one of those sites. In addition, the Board has not completed
an effort initiated over five years ago to protect natural areas within the existing park system.
As a result, the Board is not fulfilling its mandate to preserve and protect Arizona's natural
heritage, and has accumulated over $8.8 million in uncommitted Heritage Fund monies as of
June 30, 1997.
Only two sites acquired and protecting one of those sites may not be possible—Since the
Board began receiving Heritage Fund monies in fiscal year 1991, it has acquired only two
natural areas, and one site has problems that impede the Board's ability to protect its signifi-cant
natural features. In fiscal year 1993, the Board purchased approximately 29 acres of
private land along the Verde River Greenway for approximately $459,000 to establish a natu-ral
area at Dead Horse Ranch State Park. In addition, in fiscal year 1994 the Board purchased
4,914 acres of private land near Patagonia Lake State Park for over $2.8 million to create the
Sonoita Creek State Natural Area.
Although the Sonoita Creek property was a significant purchase, the Board has yet to ad-dress
the issues that impede its ability to adequately protect it. The Board acquired this prop-erty
to protect its natural features, particularly a riparian area along Sonoita Creek that serves
as habitat to a number of rare species. However, because the creek crisscrosses much of the
area's southern boundary, the Board is unable to fence off the riparian area to protect it from
livestock grazing, and recreational activities. To accomplish this, the Board needs to obtain
additional acquisitions, conservation easements, or other agreements from at least 13 land-owners
owning parcels that border the creek's south side. Although the parcel was pur-chased
over three years ago, the Board has yet to secure any agreements with other
landowners. The Board has recently completed appraisals on three of the properties; how-ever,
more effort is needed to address the remaining issues.
Natural areas within the existing park system remain undesignated—While the Natural
Areas Program also aims to protect natural features within the existing park system, the
Board has not completed efforts to protect natural features that they have identified. From
1992 to 1994 the Natural Areas Advisory Committee identified sites within five existing state
parks, and recommended that the Board designate them as State Natural Areas, thus
authorizing Board staff to protect them. However, to date the Board has not formally desig-nated
the sites as State Natural Areas because management guidelines describing how the
sites will be protected have not been completed by Board staff. As a result, the parks are not
eligible to receive Heritage Fund natural area operation and management monies, and the
sites remain unprotected.
Heritage Fund natural area balance exceeds $8.8 million—Due to limited efforts to acquire
and protect natural areas the total uncommitted balance for Heritage Fund natural area
monies exceeded $8.8 million as of June 30, 1997. Because the Board will continue to receive
approximately $1.9 million in uncommitted monies annually to acquire, protect, and manage
natural areas, these balances will continue to grow unless the Board improves its efforts to
acquire, protect, and manage more natural areas.
Additional Staff May Be Needed
to Fully Implement Natural
Areas Program
The Board's efforts to acquire and protect the State's natural areas have stalled because it has
not assigned enough staff to administer the Natural Areas Program. The Board could im-prove
program implementation if it hired additional staff to administer the Program. Cur-rently,
the Heritage Fund provides monies for staff positions needed to administer any
Heritage Fund programs, including the Natural Areas Program.
Too few staff assigned to administer program—The Board has not assigned enough staff to
fully implement the Natural Areas Program, therefore hampering its ability to fulfill the
Heritage mandate. Currently, only two staff positions are assigned Natural Area Program
responsibilities, but neither position works exclusively on the Program's activities. Board
staff acknowledge that the existing staff resources are insufficient to implement all aspects of
the Natural Areas Program, including efforts to acquire new natural areas and protect natu-ral
areas within the existing park system.
Specifically, Board staff have been unable to provide needed support to the Natural Areas
Advisory Committee to assist in evaluating potential natural areas for the Board to consider
purchasing. The Board relies on the advisory committee to recommend potential acquisi-tions
that are eligible to become State Natural Areas. In 1992 the advisory committee identi-fied
12 potentially important sites to acquire; however, it has not completed site evaluations
to determine whether they meet program criteria. To date, the advisory committee has
evaluated only 8 of the 12 sites it identified, and recently the advisory committee warned
that some parcels within the identified areas may not possess features that meet the natural
area criteria. According to the advisory committee members, the advisory committee has
been deficient in its evaluation efforts primarily because it receives little support from
Board staff.
In addition, the Board cannot protect the natural areas within the existing park system until
staff complete management statements describing how it will protect them. According to
the program policy and guidelines the Board adopted, before the Board will formally desig-nate
the sites as State Natural Areas, Board staff need to first develop management state-ments
describing the specific natural features and how they will be protected. This project
has been pending since at least 1993. As mentioned earlier, from 1992 to 1994, the advisory
committee identified sites within five state parks that meet criteria to become a State Natural
Area. However, since the advisory committee's first recommendation in 1992, Board staff
have not yet developed the needed management statements because staff have been focus-ing
on other Board priorities. Although staff intend to hire a private consultant to assist in
developing the management statements, as of April 1997, nothing had been done to procure
consulting services.
Board could improve program implementation by hiring additional staff—The Board could
improve program implementation without detracting from its other priorities by hiring
additional staff to administer the Natural Areas Program. This will first require the agency to
determine how many staff are needed to fully administer the Program, including 1) provid-ing
staff support to the advisory committee to facilitate its efforts to evaluate and rank poten-tial
new acquisitions, and 2) developing management statements for natural areas within
existing parks.
The additional staff could also develop feasibility criteria and apply them to all natural areas
prior to recommending that the Board acquire them. For example, in California, staff must
first assess the most suitable method for protecting the property. This involves analyzing any
encumbrances, such as access and utility easements associated with the site that may impede
protection efforts. Using this information, the site is evaluated and scored based on both
ecological values and administrative criteria, such as management constraints. Once scored,
the site is compared with other sites that have been approved as suitable natural areas, but
not yet acquired. This information helps establish priorities before an acquisition is recom-mended.
Heritage Fund provides resources to employ needed staff—Currently, monies are available
from two sources to fund positions needed to administer the Natural Areas Program. As
mentioned earlier, the Heritage Fund provides the Board with $400,000 annually to manage
and operate natural areas. As of June 30, 1997, this Fund had an uncommitted balance of over
$1.2 million. In addition, the Board is authorized to use Heritage Fund interest to employ
staff needed to administer Heritage Fund programs. As of June 30, 1997, this Fund had an
uncommitted balance of approximately $665,000.
1. The Board should consider using available Heritage Fund resources to hire additional
staff to administer the Natural Areas Program. This will first require the Board to deter-mine
how many staff are needed to fully administer the Program, including:
a. Addressing problems that impact the Board's ability to fully protect the Sonoita Creek
Natural Area,
b. Providing staff support to the Natural Areas Advisory Committee to facilitate its
efforts to evaluate potential new acquisitions,
c. Developing management plans for natural areas within existing state parks, and
d. Developing and applying feasibility criteria to sites considered for potential acquisi-tion.
2. Once the Board provides additional staff support:
a. The Natural Areas Advisory Committee needs to complete its efforts to evaluate,
prioritize, and make recommendations for the 12 potential natural area sites under
consideration by the Committee; and
b. The Board needs to complete management guidelines for protecting natural features
identified within five existing state parks.
3. The Board should ensure that Board staff analyze the feasibility of protecting a natural
area prior to purchasing it.
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The Board should improve its efforts to identify potential new park sites. To begin, the Board
needs to develop an inventory of potential state park sites that would best meet the park
system's needs. This effort should also include consideration of partnerships as an alternative
to purchasing land because they provide a less costly way for the Board to expand the sys-tem.
Board Should Proactively
Identify Potential
State Parks
The Board needs to establish an inventory of desirable park sites to consider acquiring. Es-tablishing
a site inventory will first require the Board to develop and implement procedures
for selecting sites to include in the inventory. The Board needs to begin these efforts now so it
is better prepared to fulfill its long-term goal of expanding the state park system.
Potential park site inventory needed—Although the Board adopted a plan for acquiring new
parks, the Board cannot implement the plan until it establishes an inventory of desirable park
sites. In 1990 the Board adopted the Six 2000 Plan, a comprehensive plan to guide park sys-tem
management, including acquiring new parks. The plan was designed to "establish long-range
goals and objectives, incorporate user needs, and include a prioritized inventory of potential park
sites with regular updates and revisions." For example, the plan established the long-term goal
of adding 18 new recreational parks to the park system, and placed a high priority on ac-quiring
water-based sites, and sites located in the State's higher elevations. In addition, the
plan included a set of criteria to use in evaluating a proposed site to determine whether it is
eligible and suitable, and if it is feasible to consider it for a state park.1
1 The criteria used to evaluate and prioritize potential park sites are based on consideration of three main
factors. Eligibility criteria are used to determine a proposed site=s role, size, significance, and theme. In addi-tion,
these criteria can be used to identify what types of resources are inadequately represented in the sys-tem.
Suitability criteria are used to examine the physical characteristics and location of a proposed park site.
Feasibility criteria are used to judge the relative ease or difficulty in acquiring, developing, and operating a
proposed site.
However, the Board does not have a current inventory of potential state park sites, an im-portant
first step toward implementing the plan. Instead, the Board has generally pursued
potential acquisitions only when sites were brought to its attention by external parties such
as a landowner, legislator, or member of the general public. By continuing to rely on these
external sources, the Board cannot be sure it is focusing on areas that best meet the system's
needs. In contrast, by maintaining a current site inventory, the Board can better focus its
limited acquisition resources on sites that best meet the park system's needs.
Procedures needed to guide identification efforts—Establishing a site inventory will first
require the Board to develop and implement procedures for selecting sites to include in the
inventory. For example, similar to California, Board staff could be assigned responsibility for
identifying land parcels that meet the park system's needs. Alternatively, the Board could
appoint an advisory committee to identify sites, similar to the process it uses to inventory
potential state natural areas. Once sites are identified, they should be evaluated and scored
using the criteria described in the plan. Those sites meeting the requirements needed to be-come
state parks can be included in the inventory. In addition, based on the evaluation
scores, the Board can establish priorities among properties maintained in the site inventory.
Moreover, the inventoried sites could be compared to any land purchase opportunities
brought to the Board's attention by external parties.
Selection efforts should begin soon—The Board needs to begin establishing a site inventory
of potential new state park locations. Over the next five years, the Board plans to focus avail-able
acquisition and development resources on completing development at ten existing state
parks. However, according to the Board's executive director, if a potentially desirable state
park site becomes available, the Board could redirect monies for it. Therefore, it is important
that park site identification procedures are in place to assist in evaluating a potential site.
Similarly, site identification procedures could assist in instances where the Board pursues
partnerships with other recreation providers such as the federal government, who can pro-vide
potential park sites without cost if the State develops and operates the park.
Efforts Should Include
Consideration of
In its efforts to identify potential park sites, the Board should also select sites that can be
acquired without purchase. Establishing partnerships with other recreation providers can be
a much less costly and more timely means of expanding state parks because the Board would
not have to necessarily purchase the land, and could share the costs of developing or oper-ating
the park. The Board has already established a partnership to add Fool Hollow Lake
Recreation Area to the park system, without acquiring the land. Specifically:
n In 1992, the Arizona State Parks Board obtained a special use permit to operate Fool
Hollow Lake Recreation Area on approximately 580 acres of land belonging to the U.S.
Forest Service north of Show Low, Arizona. The Forest Service also assumed responsi-bilities
such as preparing plans, working drawings, specifications, and cost estimates to
develop the park. The City of Show Low agreed to install and maintain sewer lines, and
apply for grants to provide supplemental funding for development needs. In return, the
Board agreed to pay both the Forest Service and the City of Show Low 5 percent of park
revenues. The Board also contributed $1 million toward development, and provides staff
and funding to operate the park each year. In addition, the Arizona Game and Fish De-partment
agreed to provide services such as law enforcement.
Although the Board's contribution to a partnership will vary from one partnership to an-other,
the Board may need to contribute some monies to develop or operate any new park
acquired through a partnership agreement. If the Board actively identified potential park
sites, as mentioned earlier, and negotiated partnerships with other entities whenever possi-ble,
the Board could then decide to use a portion of its resources to institute a new state park
through a partnership agreement.
1. The Board should develop and implement procedures to establish a current inventory of
potential park sites, and regularly update and revise the inventory. This inventory should
include sites that can be acquired without purchase.
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The Arizona State Parks Board can improve its fiscal administration. The Board should com-ply
with statutory requirements when funding personnel with the Heritage and Off-
Highway Vehicle (OHV) Funds. Further, the Board should adopt additional policies and
procedures to improve the oversight of its concession, fee collection, and fixed assets.
Personnel Funding
Should Comply
with Statutes
The Board is not in statutory compliance regarding the funding of some personnel with
Heritage and OHV funds. This audit identified 13 positions improperly funded with these
revenues, because primary duties performed are not specific to Heritage and OHV pro-grams.
These revenues should only be used to directly support the programs' specific proj-ects.
Heritage Fund interest may not be spent correctly—The Board does not comply with Heri-tage
Fund statutory requirements for funding some personnel. A.R.S. §5-503(I) provides that
all interest earned on Heritage Fund revenues can only be used for administering the Fund
or spent directly on Heritage Fund projects in statutorily specified percentages. Since the
Heritage Fund was created in 1990, the number of positions funded with Heritage Fund
interest has grown to 18.5. In fiscal year 1997, there was an uncommitted fund balance of
approximately $665,000 in this account. Several positions appear directly related to the Heri-tage
Fund, such as 2 natural resource planners; 4.5 grant oversight staff; and 2 fiscal services
technicians. However, an Auditor General staff review of jobs by description and related
interviews revealed that the remaining 10 positions are incorrectly supported by Heritage
Fund interest. These positions perform activities not primarily supporting Heritage Fund
programs. For example:
n Fiscal Services Unit Manager, Administrative Services Division—Manages all fiscal
activity, including cash management investments and federal fund reporting and expen-ditures
from 14 different funds. Heritage Fund revenues account for only one-third of
total revenues.
n Network Specialists I and II, Administrative Services Division—The Computer Sup-port
section's 2 employees are responsible for providing both hardware and software
services, both at the central office and 28 remote locations. While these staff support those
working on Heritage Fund projects, they support non-Heritage Fund efforts as well.
n Administrative Assistant II, Administrative Services Division—Coordinates several
central office functions including telecommunications, centralized gift shop inventory,
motor pool management, building services, and office equipment repair.
The Board should comply with Heritage Fund statutes by ensuring all revenues are spent in
support of fund projects. In fiscal year 1996, the Board spent nearly $500,000 of Heritage
Fund interest on personnel. However, according to the Board, other personnel not funded
with Heritage Fund interest do perform some Heritage Fund administrative duties. For
example, Board staff estimated in December 1997 that 55 percent of the Executive Director's
time is spent on Heritage Fund-related activities. Further, Board staff estimate that the staff
time spent on Heritage Fund activities, which is not charged to the Heritage Fund, offsets the
questioned Heritage Fund expenditures described previously. However, the Board does not
have a system for apportioning time to ensure compliance with funding requirements. In
order to comply with Heritage Fund statutory requirements, the Board should establish a
means to apportion staff funding. For example, the Arizona Game and Fish Department
currently has staff account for the time by project to ensure all employees working on Heri-tage
Fund and other funded projects are compensated from that revenue source.
OHV revenues not spent correctly—The Board also does not comply with statutory require-ments
for employees funded with OHV revenues. The Off-Highway Vehicle Recreation
Fund, A.R.S. §28-2805, was established in 1989 to provide off-road recreational programs and
opportunities. Staff paid from this Fund must support OHV activities only. Currently, the
Board funds 5.5 FTEs with OHV monies. An Auditor General staff review of position de-scriptions
and related interviews revealed that 3 employees' job duties are not primarily
related to OHV projects. For example:
n Recreation Planner III, Partnerships Division—Responsibilities include developing
statewide comprehensive plans for the State Historic Preservation Office, OHV, Trails,
and Heritage Funds.
n Administrative Assistant I, Partnerships Division—Responsibilities include tracking
and preparing quarterly reports on expenditures from ten different fund sources.
As with Heritage Fund revenues, the Board should comply with OHV statutes and ensure all
revenues are spent in support of OHV projects. In fiscal year 1996, the Board spent $118,405
in OHV revenues to fund personnel. In order to comply with state law and ensure OHV
revenues are spent appropriately, the Board should apportion staff compensation by project.
Board Can Improve
Fiscal Oversight
In addition to complying with funding statutes, the Board can improve fiscal administration
by enhancing oversight of concessions, and fee collection. For concessions and fee collection,
the Board should adopt additional internal control policies and procedures and perform
audits to better account for park revenues. Finally, the Board should comply with require-ments
for recording fixed assets.
Administrative rules allow the Board to enter into agreements with private or public agen-cies
or persons for the operation and development of concession facilities in areas under its
jurisdiction. Currently, the Board oversees six concessions operating in six parks. These con-cessions
provide services such as boat rentals, general stores, and gas stations at state parks.
Concession oversight needed—The Board can improve concession management in three
ways. First, the Board should develop a form to ensure consistent gross receipt reporting.
Second, administrative staff should review concessionaires' records. Finally, late fees should
be imposed to encourage concessionaires to make prompt payments.
The Board should develop a form to improve gross receipt reporting. Currently, concession-aires
pay a percentage of their gross receipts to the Board. The supporting documentation
they submit varies by concessionaire and does not provide enough information to analyze
reported gross revenues. In contrast, California and New Mexico both obtain more detailed
information, including cumulative receipts for comparative purposes. Four of Arizona's five
contiguous states require gross receipt data in a specific format on their own forms. This
ensures the necessary data is captured in a complete and consistent format.
The Board should also do more to ensure it receives proper concessionaire revenues. Cur-rently,
the Board relies on annual financial compilations as supporting documentation of a
business' revenues. These documents do not confirm the accuracy of reported revenues. To
better ensure accurate revenues, the Board's financial staff should review concessionaire
business records when they perform annual park fee audits. A.R.S. §35-214 requires con-tractors
to submit accounts and records for inspection and audit.
Finally, the Board does not impose fees for late payments. Between fiscal years 1994 and
1996, four of six concessionaires made late payments between 50 and 75 percent of the time.
Some payments were as much as two months late. All five of Arizona's contiguous states
and Maricopa County impose late fees of up to 10 percent of revenues.
Fee collection oversight can be improved—In order for the Board to collect all possible fees, it
should adopt additional internal control policies and procedures and improve its audit func-tion
to ensure compliance. This is important because entrance and camping fees make up the
majority of the State Parks Enhancement Fund. These fees generated over $4 million in fiscal
year 1996.
An Auditor General staff review of the Board's fee collection policies and procedures deter-mined
that it lacks adequate internal controls. To ensure compliance with the Arizona Ac-counting
Manual (Manual), and to ensure all revenues are collected, the Board needs to adopt
additional procedures. First, the Board should require manual fee receipts to be secured and
allocated to employees by number. The Manual recommends manual receipts be assigned by
employee and that the remainder be secured. This helps ensure that revenues are collected
for each receipt issued. Second, the Board should require that two people account for the self-pay
collections, if possible. These are fees paid by visitors via envelope when rangers are not
available to collect from patrons directly. The Manual recommends that, if possible, two state
employees be present when mail is opened. Third, the Board should develop prenumbered
receipts for donations. Current Board procedures recommend a thank-you letter as a receipt.
The Manual recommends prenumbered receipts for all cash transactions, and the Board
could still send letters expressing gratitude on Board letterhead at a later date. Adopting
these additional measures will provide more protection against potential loss or theft.
To further ensure that all fees are collected properly, the Board must improve its fee collec-tion
audit function. Currently, administrative staff audit each park's fee collection practices
annually. However, a review of the completed audits indicates that the questions asked did
not address whether proper policies and procedures were followed by park staff and all the
questions were not answered completely. The audits, therefore, did not provide information
to park managers as to what internal control improvements could be made. A new form
should be developed that allows the auditor to record whether each fee collection procedure
is properly implemented. Proper fee collection ensures that every possible dollar is available
to the State Parks Enhancement Fund.
Board should comply with fixed asset requirements—The 1994 and 1995 Auditor General
statewide single audit reports for the year ended June 30, 1994, of the State of Arizona found
the Board did not meet the Manual's requirements for recording fixed assets. Board officials
say they are making efforts toward compliance, but have not completed the project to date.
The Board should continue its efforts toward full conformance. Compliance helps to ensure
public assets are safeguarded against loss or theft.
1. The Board should comply with statutory requirements for funding personnel with Heri-tage
Fund interest and OHV revenues.
2. The Board should improve concessions oversight by:
a. developing a form for gross receipt reporting to ensure consistent and useful infor-mation
is reported;
b. performing an annual review of each concession's accounts and records; and
c. ensuring that all new, amended, and renewed contracts allow late fees to be imposed.
3. The Board should improve fee collection oversight by:
a. adopting additional policies and procedures to safeguard assets; and
b. revising and implementing an audit function that can determine whether policies and
procedures are executed correctly.
4. The Board should continue its efforts toward full compliance with Arizona Accounting
Manual requirements for recording fixed assets.
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During the audit other pertinent information was obtained regarding Kartchner Caverns
State Park, credit card use, reservations, and staffing.
Due to construction delays and increased costs, Kartchner Caverns will not be open to the
public for at least another year. The Board does not anticipate an opening date prior to April
1998. Construction costs and time frames have exceeded original estimates primarily due to
unanticipated conditions encountered during construction.
The park comprises 550 acres located in the eastern foothills of the Whetstone Mountains
near the community of Benson in southeastern Arizona.1 The park's focus is a limestone
cavern in pristine condition, considered by experts to be the premier cavern in Arizona. The
cavern is over two miles long with spacious rooms, one as long as a football field. It is a wet,
"live" cavern into which water still percolates from the surface and whose calcium carbonate
features are still growing. In fact, the variety of multicolored cavern formations are among
the best examples of such formations in the world. In addition to the cavern, the park will
include a visitor center, picnic sites, and a campground. One Board estimate predicts 150,000
visitors annually and approximately $1.3 million in revenues.
Completion date unknown—As of May 1997 Board staff would not predict Kartchner Cav-erns'
opening date. In a January 1997 letter to the JLBC and the Governor's Office of Strategic
Planning and Budgeting, the Board said the park's opening would be delayed beyond the
November 1997 target date and did not anticipate an opening date prior to April 1, 1998. The
Board attributed most of the delay to the soft rock encountered when tunneling, which is less
stable than hard rock and increases the time and cost of tunneling. The Board does not an-ticipate
a new opening date to be announced until time frames for trail construction can be
Construction costs exceeding estimates—Construction costs for completed projects and those
currently under construction have been greater than planned. As of June 30, 1995, the Board's
budget plan to complete the development project by November 1997 totaled $21,681,800. A
variety of funding sources have been used for the project, including the State Parks En-
1 Prior to acquisition, the park's land was owned by the Kartchner family and appraised at approximately
$1.86 million. In 1988, negotiations between the Kartchner family, State Parks, and the Legislature were
completed and the property was acquired for approximately $1.6 million.
hancement Fund, Heritage Fund acquisition and development monies, and a $3.5 million
General Fund supplemental appropriation. In addition, the Arizona Department of Trans-portation
oversees road construction improvements. Due to various circumstances, the
Board recently estimated that an expenditure increase between approximately $2.6 and $4.3
million would be required to complete the project. This increase is in addition to previous
expenditure increases, and would bring the total project expenditure to an estimated $24.6 to
$26.4 million. To help cover cost overruns, some projects were cut from the original budget;
for example, campground shade structures, shade over the amphitheater, a rock facade at the
visitor center, and a park staff dormitory.
Due to the complexity involved with developing this cavern, many factors have impacted
projected costs and contributed to cost growth. Examples of these include:
n Tunnels—Mining operation costs for tunneling have risen from an estimated $2.8 million
to an estimated $4 million and the job has taken longer than anticipated. Originally, the
Board estimated tunneling would cost approximately $2.8 million and take 16 months to
complete. However, due to numerous tunneling problems, the estimate rose to $4 million
and tunneling has taken nearly 2 years to complete. For example, excavation proved to be
more difficult and time-consuming than expected, primarily due to soft rock encountered
in the tunneling operations. As materials are excavated from the tunnels, loose dirt and
rock fall into excavated portions. Consequently, reinforced concrete forms are required to
shore up the tunnels and tunnel construction has proceeded slowly at times. The cost of
shoring up the tunnels is approximately $9,000 per linear foot. While tunnel excavation
has been essentially completed, additional work, such as permanent air locks, cave light-ing,
tunnel flooring, and tunnel reinforcement, still needs to be completed.
n Trail System—Trail design and construction costs will significantly increase. In March
1995, the Joint Committee on Capital Review (JCCR) approved approximately $200,000
for hiring a consultant to design and develop the cavern's interpretive tour, trails, tunnels,
utilities, communications, air locks, and climate controls. In December of 1995, JCCR ap-proved
an additional $544,000 for trail system design and construction. This expenditure
includes the initial construction of the cavern's trail system and support improvements
such as the interpretive tour plan; the cavern's trails, lighting, water, and telephone; cli-mate
and atmospheric control; and visitor safety and security systems.
In January 1997, the Board estimated that an additional $781,000 to $2.1 million would be
needed to complete trail construction. As of February 1997, trail routes were being laid
out within the cavern. The Board claims that only after the trail crews have worked un-impeded
for a length of time will they be able to estimate the completion date for trail
n Aboveground Construction—Construction costs for many aboveground facilities have
been greater than expected. Several aboveground improvements are being constructed as
part of Kartchner Caverns, including a visitor center, ranger residences, and roads.
VISITOR CENTER—Visitor Center construction costs, including exhibits, have risen by
over $1 million. The 1992 aboveground master plan estimated the visitor center con-struction
cost, including furnishings and exhibits, at $3.1 million; however, the price
increased by $400,000 when the Board confirmed, in 1996, a $3.5 million award for
visitor center construction. In a February 1997 update, the Board reported that the
project appears to be on schedule and the original contract price had risen by $37,039.
The visitor center should be substantially completed by the end of August 1997.
In addition, exhibits at the visitor center have cost more than anticipated. These ex-hibits
were estimated to cost approximately $600,000 and then increased to approxi-mately
$1 million. Due in part to bidding specifications and a noncompetitive bidding
environment, the Board recently approved an additional $650,000 for visitor center
exhibits. A majority of the exhibits should be completed by the end of March 1998.
RESIDENCES—Ranger residences' construction costs have exceeded cost estimates by
approximately $320,000. The 1992 aboveground master plan estimated two staff resi-dences
would cost $200,000. In April of 1994, JCCR approved the release of $390,000
for the construction of two staff residences, utility extensions, and site work. Since this
time, two 1,600-square foot residences have been completed, each costing approxi-mately
$260,000. Board staff attributed cost overruns to items such as the site's remote
location, utility connections, and design costs.
ROADS, BRIDGES, AND PARKING LOTS—Design and construction costs for roads,
bridges, and parking lots have exceeded estimates by approximately $1.3 million. The
1992 aboveground master plan estimated roads, parking lots, and a bridge would cost
approximately $2.2 million. As of April 1997, the Arizona Department of Transporta-tion
had spent nearly $2.8 million on these improvements. A bridge, originally esti-mated
to cost $300,000, has yet to be completed and will cost approximately $1 million
since it has been modified from a pedestrian bridge to a vehicle bridge.
n Cavern Studies—Cavern studies have been more costly than anticipated. Before con-struction
could begin, both underground and aboveground cavern studies needed to be
completed and bat behavior needed to be studied. A $454,000 contract was awarded to
perform the underground study. The completed report was released in 1992 and cost
$467,021. In addition to the underground study, the Board estimated the aboveground
study and master planning would cost $100,000. However, the aboveground study was
expanded to include items such as archaeological and hydrologic components; and sub-sequently,
a total of $141,000 was spent for the aboveground master plan.
In addition to these cavern studies, bat studies have been and are being conducted at the
cavern. The underground study found that bats living in the cave provide an important
link between the cavern's ecosystem and the surface. In fiscal years 1996 and 1997 the
Board spent nearly $19,000 for these studies. Furthermore, in January of 1997, an addi-tional
$60,000 from the Heritage Fund Natural Areas Operating and Maintenance Fund
was approved by the Board for a three-year bat study to help ensure that the bats con-tinue
to return to the cavern.
Credit Card and
Reservation Systems
Results from an Arizona State Parks survey indicate that visitors are interested in using credit
cards and a camping reservation system. During 1995 and 1996, the Board performed a park
visitation survey of 14,020 visitors regarding desired services. Two areas addressed in the
survey were the ability to pay with credit cards and the opportunity to reserve camp sites.
The question asked was, "Which of these services would you be likely to use?" As shown in
Table 2, most visitors said they may or would definitely use credit cards and/or a reserva-tions
Table 2
Arizona State Parks Board
Visitor Preferences for Selected Services
Education Parks Historic Parks Recreation Parks
Potential Services
Payment by
credit cards 46.4% 38.7% 40.9% 47.7% 43.7% 37.2%
Reservations for
camping 47.5 18.8 45.7 21.9 45.9 33.7
Source: Arizona State Parks Board survey of 14,020 visitors to Arizona State Parks during 1995 and 1996.
n Credit Cards—The Board is considering allowing credit cards to be used at its gift shops,
but there are no plans to accept credit cards for park fees. Currently, the Board does not
accept credit cards for either entrance fees or gift shop purchases, but this may soon
change. At the March 20, 1997, State Parks Board Meeting, Board staff made a presenta-
tion regarding plans for credit card implementation for gift shop purchases only. Imple-mentation
for the five gift shop sites is anticipated following the 1998 budget approval.
Accepting credit cards requires infrastructure installation costs for additional phone lines,
equipment, etc. These costs are expected to be borne by the State Parks Board Publica-tions
and Souvenir Revolving Fund, where profits from the sales will be placed. In addi-tion,
banks will charge the Board an estimated 2 to 4 percent service fee if credit cards are
Because of these service charges and other costs, the Board does not currently plan to ac-cept
credit cards for entrance fees, which range from $1 to $7. The Board is currently re-viewing
the applicability of credit cards, but has concerns regarding the benefit of credit
card use for entrance fees weighed against the expense and administrative effort. For ex-ample,
accepting credit cards for entrance fees would require infrastructure expenses for
each park as well as additional staff time and training. Currently, many parks lack the
personnel to provide this service.
Other states have had mixed results with credit card use. Utah accepts credit cards for
both gift shop purchases and entrance fees. Accepting credit cards has led to a significant
increase in high dollar sales for Utah's gift shops. The state pays for the cost of credit
cards with operational dollars. People rarely use credit cards for entrance fees, and Utah
did increase entrance fees in part to cover service costs. California's legislature recently
mandated that its Parks Department accept credit cards, but the Parks Department is at-tempting
to exempt itself from that requirement. The officials feel that the cost of accept-ing
credit cards is not cost-effective for entrance fees.
n Reservations—Although there are plans for a reservations system for Kartchner Cav-erns,
the Board is hesitant to implement a systemwide reservations system. Arizona State
Parks has had a statutorily created fund to establish a campsite reservations system since
1993, but has not implemented one to date. The Board plans to develop a stand-alone res-ervation
system for Kartchner Caverns due to the expected high demand. The Board is
hesitant to implement a statewide reservation system for all the parks for three reasons:
First, Arizona has a small number of campsites (1,200), which makes a reservation sys-tem
less cost-effective;
Second, Arizona parks are very seasonal. State Parks is conducting a carrying capacity
study to determine actual camping nights available. This should provide more informa-tion
on the feasibility of a reservation system; and
Third, the Board has learned that other states are dissatisfied with their contracts with
reservation system providers. State Parks does not have the resources to implement res-ervations
internally at this time.
Other states have had some success with reservation systems, but are not comparable with
Arizona's smaller state park system. For example, California has a reservation system for
18,000 campsites, and Utah has a reservation system for approximately 2,000 campsites. Utah
used to contract its reservation system, but now uses in-house staff. This proved more suc-cessful
than contracting because the state employees' knowledge base enables them to steer
customers to less-used parks. Utah reports that the benefits of the system are increased
camping, partially due to the opportunity to market less popular parks. Utah also charges a
$5 booking fee in addition to the campsite charge. Officials there caution that a successful
reservation system requires a significant amount of training.
Staffing Shortages
May Exist at
State Parks
It appears the current number of field staff may be insufficient to effectively accommodate
the number of annual visitors to state parks. As a result, both the Board and the public may
be negatively impacted.
The number of visitors to the state parks has consistently increased. In fiscal year 1992 , there
were approximately 1.8 million visitors at the state parks. By fiscal year 1996, visitation at the
state parks increased by approximately 26 percent, to approximately 2.3 million. However,
permanent field staff during this period increased from 123.5 to 129, an increase of only ap-proximately
4 percent systemwide, resulting in a steady rise in the number of visitors per
Understaffing at state parks may affect visitor services and the Board's revenue collection.
Because the Board has not created specialized positions, a large variety of duties performed
by field personnel are included within just a few job descriptions. This is typically described
as "wearing many hats." For example, the staffing shortage can impact the ability of state
park employees to perform duties including law enforcement, emergency medical response,
water quality testing, facility care, and fee collection, many of which could impact the pub-lic's
health and safety. Moreover, dependence on a self-pay system for fee collection results in
decreased revenue because staff are not available to collect fees when visitors enter the park.
Further, staffing shortages limit park staff's ability to complete maintenance work at park
facilities and conduct ranger-led hikes, tours, and interpretative programs.
To address problems with staffing, Board staff analyzed staffing needs at all state parks and
completed a proposed staffing analysis that is awaiting Director and Board consideration.
The draft staffing analysis estimates 18 additional permanent field staff are required to staff
existing state parks.1 The staffing analysis identifies 13 factors that represent the duties per-
1 This number includes staffing needs for Oracle State Park, which is currently not open to the general public.
formed by state park staff. Staffing factors include visitation, weekly operations, camp-ground,
busy season months, fee collection, building and facility maintenance, grounds
maintenance, interpretative programming, law enforcement, lake and water resources, sou-venir
sales, curatorial needs, and utility and special certification requirements. Each state
park in the system was evaluated on the staffing needs at the specific park. Based on the draft
staffing analysis, the Northern Region requires 5 additional permanent staff, the Southern
Region requires 7 additional permanent staff, and the Western Region requires 6 additional
permanent staff. The cost for 18 additional field staff would be approximately $378,000 annu-ally.
Moreover, each region needs additional seasonal state park staff.
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In accordance with A.R.S. §41-2954, the Legislature should consider the following 12 factors
in determining whether the Arizona State Parks Board should be continued or terminated.
1. The objective and purpose in establishing the Board.
The Legislature established the Arizona State Parks Board in 1957:
"to select, acquire, preserve, establish and maintain areas of natural features, scenic
beauty, historical and scientific interest, and zoos and botanical gardens, for the educa-tion,
pleasure, recreation, and health of the people, and for such other purposes as may
be prescribed by law."
The Board's responsibilities also include planning and administering a statewide
parks and recreation program, preparing a comprehensive plan for the enhancement
of the State's outdoor recreation resources, administering the State Historic Preserva-tion
Office, and administering $10 million of Heritage Fund monies annually.
2. The effectiveness with which the Board has met its objective and purpose and
the efficiency with which it has operated.
Although the Board has generally met its prescribed objectives and purpose, our re-view
identified several areas where it could improve its effectiveness and efficiency in
fulfilling its responsibilities.
Specifically, the Board needs to improve administration of the Natural Areas Program
by hiring additional staff and identifying potential natural areas for the Board to con-sider
pursuing (see Finding I, pages 9 through 13). In addition, the Board should de-velop
and implement procedures to establish a current inventory of potential park
sites, including sites that can be acquired without purchase (see Finding II, pages 15
through 17).
3. The extent to which the Board has operated within the public interest.
Generally, the Board has operated within the public interest by operating and main-taining
the state parks system, evaluating and protecting Arizona's prehistoric and
historic heritage resources, and managing a grants program benefiting entities such as
communities and agencies in Arizona. However, the Board has acquired few proper-
ties with Heritage Fund monies as required by statute (see Finding I, pages 9 through
13). Also, the Board can improve fiscal administration by ensuring statutory compli-ance
regarding personnel funding with Heritage Fund and Off-Highway Vehicle
Fund monies (see Finding III, pages 19 through 23).
4. The extent to which rules adopted by the Board are consistent with the legisla-tive
According to the Governor's Regulatory Review Council, all rules appear consistent
with the Board legislative mandate. As part of the rulemaking process, the Board an-nually
reviews park user fees. However, the Board is exempt from the rulemaking
process when setting user fees. This allows them to review and change park fees
without engaging in the rule process. The Board uses regional meetings to inform the
public about fee revisions.
5. The extent to which the Board has encouraged input from the public before
adopting its rules and the extent to which it has informed the public as to its ac-tions
and their expected impact on the public.
The Board adequately encourages public input when developing or amending regu-lations
such as fees. Deadlines and grant information are communicated to the public
via sources such as the Internet. Finally, the Board has complied with the Open
Meeting Law.
The Board also keeps the public informed of its actions by maintaining a Web page on
the Internet and employing a public information officer. This officer assists with per-forming
a variety of activities, including producing press releases, brochures, and
6. The extent to which the Board has been able to investigate and resolve com-plaints
that are within its jurisdiction.
The Board does not have regulatory authority; however, it has a designated om-budsman,
who is authorized to respond, investigate, and resolve the public's com-plaints.
According to the ombudsman, the Board receives approximately one
complaint a month from park visitors. Typically, these complaints involve concerns
with fees and the camping experience.
7. The extent to which the attorney general or any other applicable agency of state
government has the authority to prosecute actions under the enabling legisla-tion.
This factor is not applicable to the Board.
8. The extent to which the Board has addressed deficiencies in its enabling stat-utes
which prevent it from fulfilling its statutory mandate.
The Board has sought numerous technical and administrative changes to Board stat-utes
over the years. For example, in 1988 legislation was passed allowing park system
revenues to be placed in an acquisition and development fund instead of going into
the State's general fund. In 1990, the Heritage Fund was established providing the
Board with $10 million annually for preserving, protecting, and enhancing Arizona's
natural and scenic environment. In 1992, legislation was passed allowing one-half of
the State Lake Improvement Fund to be used for the operation of water-based state
parks. In 1993, a State Parks Board Publications and Souvenir Revolving Fund was
established and a State Parks Board Reservation Surcharge Revolving Fund was ap-proved,
allowing the Board to use the Reservations Fund to administer a visitor res-ervations
system. In 1994, the Legislature authorized the Board to develop and
manage the Fool Hollow Recreation Area. In 1996, the Legislature exempted the
Board from certain sections of the State Procurement Code for the remaining
Kartchner Caverns State Park development.
9. The extent to which changes are necessary in the laws of the Board to ade-quately
comply with the factors listed in this subsection.
The Legislature should consider the following statutory and other changes related to
the Board's laws:
n The Legislature should consider amending A.R.S. §41-503 to require more com-prehensive
reporting of Heritage programs including an annual performance re-port
by the Board identifying the projects and activities carried out to meet
Heritage objectives, and the cost of these efforts, as was recently required with the
Arizona Game and Fish Commission's Heritage Fund monies.
n The Legislature should consider requiring a performance audit of the Heritage
program every ten years, timed to be conducted in conjunction with the Board's
Sunset review, as was recently required with the Arizona Game and Fish Com-mission's
Heritage Fund monies.
10. The extent to which the termination of the Board would significantly harm the
public health, safety or welfare.
Termination of the Board would not significantly harm public health, safety, or wel-fare.
However, according to A.R.S. 41-511.03, the Board's primary responsibility in-cludes
acquiring, preserving, and maintaining areas of natural features, scenic beauty,
and historic and scientific significance for the education, pleasure, recreation, and
health of Arizona's people. In fact, according to a 1994-1995 general population tele-phone
and mail survey, 99 percent of the respondents agreed that it is important to
preserve the resources that the Board manages. If the Board was terminated, another
state agency would need to execute its duties in its absence. In addition, according to
the Board, unregulated use of state park lands could result in legal problems and fi-nancial
11. The extent to which the level of regulation exercised by the Board is appropri-ate
and whether less or more stringent levels of regulation would be appropri-ate.
Since the Board is not a regulatory body, this factor does not apply.
12. The extent to which the Board has used private contractors in the performance
of its duties and how effective use of private contractors could be accom-plished.
The Board relies on private contractors to assist in performing several important du-ties,
such as environmental studies, development projects, and a majority of construc-tion
projects. The Board also contracts with private concessionaires to provide services
such as boat rentals and general stores at state parks. The Board should improve con-cessions
oversight by annually reviewing concession records, developing a form for
gross receipt reporting, and imposing a late fee (see Finding III, pages 19 through 23).
Finally, several parks hire private firms to provide services, such as trash collection,
on the park properties.
Agency Response
Mr. Douglas Norton
Page 1
December 16, 1997
December 16, 1997
Mr. Douglas Norton
Auditor General
2910 North 44th Street, Suite 410
Phoenix, AZ 85018
Dear Mr. Norton:
Arizona State Parks has received the report of the performance
audit conducted by the Office of the Auditor General. On behalf of
the Arizona State Parks Board and staff, I would like to thank you
for identifying areas in which we can improve our business of
managing and conserving Arizona's natural, recreational and
cultural resources.
When comparing this audit to the audit performed 10 years ago, we
must acknowledge the efforts and successes made by and on behalf
of the Board to accomplish our goals and objectives. It is apparent
that the findings included in the report are enhancements to our
processes currently in place, not findings of omission, inaction, or
While we understand that an audit report, in the traditional sense,
doesn't provide ample opportunity to examine an agency's success,
we believe that some key indicators of performance should be
noted. They include:
• Our average net cost per visitor in FY 1992 was $1.17. In
FY 1996, that figure was reduced to $0.57 per visitor.
• Our volunteer advisory committees and volunteer staff log
Mr. Douglas Norton
Page 2
December 16, 1997
thousands of hours annually and provide an invaluable
service to the public.
• Our grants and recreation programs provide enormous
opportunities for communities statewide. State Parks is a
recognized leader in outdoor recreation and conservation in
the State.
• In our most recent visitor survey, fully 96% of our park
visitors rated their experience good or excellent.
As requested, included herein is the Agency's response to each
recommendation contained in the audit.
Finding I: The Arizona State Parks Board needs to improve efforts
to acquire and protect natural areas.
Overall, we agree with this finding. We acknowledge that any
program can always be improved.
The Parks Board has taken a more long-term and prudent approach
to acquisitions so when appropriate parcels become available,
funds will also be available to acquire them. It is also important to
note that acquisitions take both time to settle and a substantial
amount of money. The Board seeks partnerships in these projects
frequently, which can greatly enhance their outcome, but also take
time to align successfully.
Recommendation #1 The Board should use available Heritage
Fund resources to hire additional staff to administer the Natural
Areas Program. This will first require the Board to determine how
many staff are needed to fully administer the program.
We concur with this recommendation to consider hiring additional
staff. Currently, we are filling acquisition staff vacancies. Once
they are filled, we will assess the need and determine if or how
many additional staff need to be hired for a more effective natural
areas program. We would also consider contracting out services to
enhance acquisitions versus hiring permanent staff.
Mr. Douglas Norton
Page 3
December 16, 1997
Recommendation #2 Once the Board provides additional staff
support, the Natural Areas Advisory Committee should complete
its efforts to evaluate, prioritize and make recommendations for the
12 potential natural area sites under consideration by the
Committee, and complete management guidelines for protecting
natural features identified within five existing State parks.
We concur with this recommendation.
Recommendation #3 The Board should ensure that staff analyze
the feasibility of protecting a natural area prior to purchasing it.
We concur with this recommendation. The feasibility of protecting
property is an issue for all of our land purchases. This is a matter
of course when reviewing a property for purchase.
Finding II and Recommendation #1: The Board should develop
and implement procedures to establish a current inventory of
potential park sites, and regularly update and revise the inventory.
This inventory should include sites that can be acquired without
We agree with this recommendation and have an extensive
confidential inventory of more than 150 potential sites that was
provided to the Staff of the Auditor General. We will continue to
update and revise it. In the past, the State Parks' staff worked with
advisory committees made up of individuals from the various land
management agencies, and private citizens to identify sites for
consideration as potential parks.
State Parks is pleased that the auditors recognize the benefits of
partnerships, permits and such other means as viable alternatives
to purchase. In fact, State Parks has followed this practice since
1965. Several other parks in the system not mentioned in the report
operate very successfully within these type of agreements. These
parks include Boyce Thompson Arboretum, Slide Rock, Yuma
Crossing, Catalina, Lyman Lake, Roper Lake and Alamo Lake State
Parks. The inventory of potential park sites includes areas where
Mr. Douglas Norton
Page 4
December 16, 1997
partnerships could be utilized instead of purchase of the land.
Finding III: The Board can improve fiscal administration.
Once again, while we agree with this finding, it is important to note
that we continually attempt to improve all of our business
Recommendation #1 The Board should comply with statutory
requirements for funding personnel with Heritage Fund interest
and OHV revenues.
We agree that we should comply with statutes and believe that we
always have. State Parks has not only maintained that we are in
compliance with statutes, we have demonstrated and satisfied the
requirement of apportionment to ensure that all funds managed by
State Parks are spent appropriately.
Recommendation #2 The Board should improve concessions
oversight by developing a form for gross receipt reporting;
performing an annual review of each concession's accounts and
records; and ensuring that all new, amended and renewed
contracts allow late fees to be imposed.
The Board concurs with the recommendation. The concessionaire
gross receipt form has been created and is going through final
review and new contracts will include a provision for the
imposition of late fees. Due to staffing shortages, the only process
that cannot be implemented at the current time is the annual
review of the concessionaires' accounts and records.
Recommendation #3 The Board should improve fee collection
oversight by adopting additional polices and procedures to
safeguard assets and revising and implementing an audit function
that can determine whether policies and procedures are executed
The Board agrees with the recommendation. Improved procedures
for ticket distribution already have been established and new audit
Mr. Douglas Norton
Page 5
December 16, 1997
procedures have been drafted.
Recommendation #4 The Board should continue its efforts toward
full compliance with Arizona Accounting Manual requirements for
recording fixed assets.
The Board will continue its efforts to include additional
information in the fixed assets system. This information will be
limited to new acquisitions and new construction items.
Thank you for the opportunity to respond to the report.
Kenneth E. Travous
Executive Director
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text:
Ranges in price (i.e. $98-$550) means there are multiple printings and/or sizes available. Click on an item to view a list of printings and prices.
Wolman is a photographer who's always heard the music, felt the power, dreamed the dream, and his camera takes the present into posterity. Settling in Haight-Ashbury in the 60's, Wolman landed not only in the literal city of seismic change but at the absolute figurative center of change itself. Surrounded by Janis and the Grateful Dead in close-by digs, Wolman was soon accompanying journalist Jann Wenner to the now famous and genre-defining Mills College conference on rock music. Wenner happened to be the founder of Rolling Stone magazine. He liked Wolman's style, offered him a job and Wolman launched as the first official document-er of the new psychedelic age. Beginning with the magazine's opening issue, Wolman's photographs were windows on the parade of the different, the delightful and the doomed, and his pictures became the gold standard by which rock photography would be measured.

subset: commoncrawl


text: Every Mondays and Fridays at 17:00hrs to 17:15hrs, let's commit Barotseland in prayer. The Lozis in the Army and police working with our foes, you can say your prayers silently in your hearts. God has already answered our prayer so we need to thank him as much as we can.


text:
- Antique Jewelry
- The Ages
- Engagement Rings
- Antique Rings
- Diamond Jewelry
- So Much More
19th C. Modern: Ivory Buckle Bracelet
Much 19th century jewelry using a buckle motif was customarily given as a token of friendship or love as the design form symbolized unity between two. This design, revived toward the end of the Art Deco period, continues to be utilized today.
Sections of hand-carved ivory have been joined using wrapped elastic cord (a recent update makes this flexible and secure). Two of the ivory plaques have holes for the separate buckle with tongue to adjust to fit almost any wrist. Artfully constructed, this antique bracelet takes on the today's look of chunky jewelry trends.
Condition: Excellent
Measurements: 9-1/2 inches (24.1 cm) in length; the band measures 7/8 of an inch (2.3 cm) in width and the buckle is 1-3/8 inches (3.3 cm) wide. The antique bracelet weighs 46.1 grams.
Date: Circa 1890
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