text:
Smalto Adviser is at your disposal at
+33 (0)1 .220.127.116.11
Contact us: by phone 0 811 480 420 (9:30 – 6:00, M-F, excluding holidays) or by mail: firstname.lastname@example.com
Thigh length overcoatS10-O-LE1546
This winter overcoat is one of Smalto's signature models. Its mid-thigh length offers protection from bad weather. The high collar gives the garment character and provides a touch of elegance. This overcoat can be worn over a suit as well as with more casual attire.
Fastening: 4 buttons
Collar: officer collar
Poches: 2 piped wide vertical pockets
Slits: slide slits
Length: mid thigh, 87cm
Composition: 97% virgin wool and 3% elasthane
After wearing your overcoat, remember to preserve its shape by hanging it on a wide, wooden hanger. You can also air it by hanging it up in the fresh air for a few hours to let it breath and recover some of its original freshness.
Express delivery to France – 15€ : Your parcel will be carefully delivered in hand and signed-for, through an Express 24hr to 48hr service to France, as soon as your items are available to ship. If you are not present when delivery is attempted, your parcel will be available for pickup at the post office closest to your home.
Same day delivery to France – 25€ : Your order placed before midday will be delivered in the evening between 5.00pm and 9.00pm, at the destination of your choice, by courier driving an electric vehicle.
Groom Service – Courier delivery with fitting - 85€ : This exclusive service allows you to try on your pieces at home or in the place of your choice before purchasing them, within 24hrs of your request. You only pay for what you keep after trying on the items. Exclusively available in Paris and for all orders containing a suit or outerwear piece, this service is free if an item from the order is kept.
Delivery to the euro zone - 15€ : Your parcel will be delivered in hand signed-for within 5 days, as soon as your items are available to ship. A note will be left in your letterbox and a second delivery will be attempted if you are not present the first time, in order to ensure the good reception of your goods. Deliveries are carried out Monday to Friday.
Return conditions : You may return any Smalto item that does not suit you, within 7 days of receiving your order by request by email to the customer service. Items must be returned in their original packaging and unworn.
Packaging : Your Smalto suits and outerwear pieces will be delivered in a suit cover, individually packed in a giftbox baring the colours of the House of Smalto.


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Collection Statistics for Arizona Memory Project Statistic Summary from: AMP_ Oct2008_ StatsDb. mdb Collection Name Total hits for the month A Celebration of the Human Spirit - Japanese- American Reloca... 11,508 Adjutants General of Arizona 6,849 Arizona Archives Historic Photographs 341,464 Arizona Attorney General Opinions 14,122 Arizona Aviation History - The Ruth Reinhold Collection 28,753 Arizona County and Local Publications 928 Arizona Executive Orders 4,267 Arizona Landscapes Collection 97,285 Arizona Postal Stations 13,161 Arizona State Agency Publications 24,035 Arizona State Archives - State, County and Local Government ... 12,339 Arizona- related Federal Publications 6,216 Arizona's Saints and Shady Ladies 7,183 ASU Science Pioneers 1955- 1970 7,593 Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Railway Company ( Albq Division) ... 41,104 Basketry from the Pueblo Grande Museum 4,190 City of Glendale Council Minutes of 1910- 1914 898 Cochise College Libraries- Cochise County Historical & Archeo... 4,074 Cochise College Library Digital Collection - Rock Art of Coc... 2,352 Cochise County Clerk's Office - Bisbee Deportation Documents 4,889 Congressman John Rhodes Collection 2,502 Courtship, Wedding and Marriage Beads 5,685 Printed on: Monday, November 03, 2008 Page 1 of 3 Collection Name Total hits for the month Early Cave Creek, Arizona 10,535 Early Life in Taylor, Arizona 3,676 Early Publications of Yavapai College 519 Gila County Maps 39,392 Highlights of the Catholic Diocese of Tucson 1,504 Images of the Catholic Diocese of Tucson 11,309 Indigenous Peoples Near Winslow 475 Maricopa Pottery ( Connell Collection) 5,054 Medallion Papers 1,480 Mohave Museum - History of Transportation in Mohave County 5,662 Mohave Museum - U. S. Presidents and the History of Arizona 1,806 Montezuma's Castle Historic Photo Archive 30,579 Navajo County Historical Society Collection Highlights 11,083 Old Trails Museum Collection Highlights 18,333 Oral Histories of Gila County 701 Oral Histories of the White Mountains 803 Phoenix College - The Early Years 29,215 Phoenix Jewish News Photograph Collection 59,446 Scottsdale History in Images 2,924 Senator Barry M. Goldwater - An Arizona Legend 27,530 Sharlot Hall Museum American Indian Image Collection 113,901 Sharlot Hall Museum Audio Collection 974 Sharlot Hall Museum Buildings Image Collection 157,715 Sharlot Hall Museum Map Collection 49,015 Printed on: Monday, November 03, 2008 Page 2 of 3 Collection Name Total hits for the month Sharlot Hall Museum Military Image Collection 58,536 Sharlot Hall Museum Mining Image Collection 108,943 Sharlot Hall Museum Transportation Image Collection 82,196 Sharlot M. Hall - Arizona's Curator 19,280 Show Low Historical Society Collection Highlights 4,300 The Bead Museum Collection Highlights 3,136 The History of Sedona 2,546 Thunderbird School of Global Management - Historical Collections 6,770 Trading Post Families of Winslow, AZ 8,570 USS Arizona Silver Service Collection 3,266 Western Ways Features Company Photographs 14,049 Writers of the Purple Sage - Origins of a National Myth 1,400 Printed on: Monday, November 03, 2008 Page 3 of 3
Object Description
|AMP October 2008 Collection Use Statistics (PDF and Zipped Microsoft Access 2003 Database
|Arizona State Library, Archives and Public Records
|Collection use statistics on the Arizona Memory Project form October 1, 2008 to October 31, 2008. Please note that this item consists of a Statistics Summary (PDF) and the Microsoft Access 2003 Database (Zipped File).
|Arizona State Library, Archives and Public Records
|Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document.
|Time Period
2000s (2000-2009)
|Date Digital
|Data was downloaded as a tab-delimited text file and imported into Microsoft Access. A summary report was generated from the report qryOverallDist_Oct08 in the Access database, and saved as a PDF file.
|Arizona State Library, Archives and Public Records
|Sort Order

subset: commoncrawl


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Prices and availability are subject to change from the time and date that you print this page.
10/26/2014 2:57:51 AM. For Customer Service, please call 800.606.6252
Pickup Check store pickup options
monumental view. This original artwork silhouettes the historic Qutub tower in Delhi. Originally constructed in the 12th century as an Islamic monument, the five-story red sandstone and marble structure is the tallest of its kind in India. Brought to life by two traditional art forms, the canvas is first presoaked for 24 hours, then handpainted by an almost extinct community of Bollywood artists known for their kitschy, glam movie posters and sets. Using an ancient dabu mud-resist printing technique, the design is sprinkled with sawdust and left to dry in the sun. It is then immersed multiple times in vegetable-based dyes by artisans just outside Jaipur in the village of Bagru. Once washed, an intricate architectural image is revealed in a glow of light and shadow.
CB2 Edition LMTD: CB2 Edition LMTD original works are offered one time only in a small reserve. This special CB2 Edition LMTD print has a limited-edition release of 75.
Details and Dimensions
qutub wall hanging. 35"Wx52.5"H
- CB2 Edition LMTD design
- Vegetable-dyed canvas
- Wood hanging panels at top and bottom
- Made in India
Overall DimensionsWidth: 35" Height: 52.5"
Return/Exchange Policy
The short story is that you have 90 days within receipt of your purchase to make a return on most non-furniture items. For furniture returns or exchanges, please call us within 7 days of receipt at 800.606.6252 so we can advise you on how to make your return within 90 days of receipt. Our policy is simple. If you are not satisfied with your purchase, we promise an appropriate refund, credit or exchange.


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Omega-3 SLIM (60 softgels, 30-day supply) | weight loss supplements
Item# OMW
Lock in Your Savings and Get
FREE SHIPPING on AutoDelivery
AutoDelivery is the most convenient, cost-effective way to ensure you never run out of the supplements you love most... because we'll automatically send you a fresh supply right before you run out!
You'll get...
- FREE SHIPPING for as long as you are enrolled in AutoDelivery. A tremendous savings of $83 a year...or more!
- TODAY'S LOW RETAIL PRICE on every shipment-we will never raise the price, guaranteed.
- PERSONALIZED SERVICE means you can call our Customer Care Team to add a product, update the quantity or change your delivery date at any time.
Wait! Don't Miss Out on the
Benefits of AutoDelivery!
Wait! Don't Miss Out on the Benefits of AutoDelivery!
- FREE SHIPPING today and forever! You'll save up to $83 per year.
- GUARANTEED PRICE PROTECTION — the low retail price you pay today will never go up!
- YOU'RE COMPLETELY IN CONTROL — we'll notify you before each shipment and you can make a change at any time!
- FREE SHIPPING today and forever! You'll save up to $83 per year.
- GUARANTEED PRICE PROTECTION — the low retail price you pay today will never go up!
- YOU'RE COMPLETELY IN CONTROL — we'll notify you before each shipment and you can make a change at any time!
Omega-3 SLIM™ (and now, the CardioSLIM Coach program) helps...
- Lose weight
- Reduce body fat percentage
- Safely increase metabolism to burn more calories
- Maintain steady blood glucose levels
- Stimulant free and safe with heart medicines
- And so much more…
Plus, get my 12-week weight loss coaching program... FREE!
Did you know that even a few excess pounds can impact your heart, blood pressure, cholesterol levels, and more? That's why I've always encouraged my patients to maintain a normal weight and waistline by living a healthy lifestyle. To help you accomplish the same, I created a 12-week, step-by-step weight-loss coaching program—a series of instructional videos—to give you my top tips, advice, and guidance to make losing weight easier, safe, and effective. You'll learn what to eat, what not to eat, best exercises for weight loss, how to control stress or emotional eating, and how to detox your body to lose weight. My customized weight-loss program is yours completely free of charge, and will come automatically via email when you order Omega-3 SLIM!
Unfortunately, even when you're doing everything right, there are two distinct roadblocks that challenge many people who are trying to lose weight—a slowing metabolism and blood sugar swings that can lead to low energy and unnecessary snacking.
So I went to work to develop Omega-3 SLIM, a ground-breaking nutrient combination that conquers both of these roadblocks and is stimulant-free, with no known contraindications with cardiovascular medications.
3 powerful, research-based ingredients for extraordinary heart-healthy weight loss
GreenSelect® Phytosome— Shed pounds by boosting your metabolism
GreenSelect Phytosome is an extremely powerful and highly absorbable decaffeinated green tea extract . Clinical research found that it not only helps increase metabolism so you can burn more calories, but also helps increase lean body mass and reduce body fat percentage, which are both important for your heart health.
In fact, study participants who took GreenSelect Phytosome lost an average of 30 pounds over the course of the study, when combined with a reduced calorie diet and exercise.
GlucoHelp® Banaba Leaf Extract—To steady your blood sugar levels
GlucoHelp is a special extract of the Philippine crepe myrtle, or Banaba leaf, which contains a number of powerful antioxidant compounds and is standardized that help to steady blood sugar levels.
In human clinical trials, participants taking daily oral doses of GlucoHelp experienced a statistically significant reduction in blood glucose levels and significantly improved glucose tolerance.2,3
In other words, this powerful, natural compound helped to minimize glucose spikes and dips, which may lead to low energy and snacking and make weight loss more challenging. I made sure to include the same, proven research dose in my Omega-3 SLIM formula.
Calamarine® Omega-3 Oil—For heart-healthy weight loss
I rounded out my Omega-3 SLIM formula with DHA-rich Calamarine oil. Richer in DHAs than ordinary fish oil supplements, Calamarine Omega-3 Oil provides the critical omega-3s your cardiovascular system needs to support heart-smart* weight loss. Supportive, but not conclusive research, shows that consumption of EPA and DHA omega-3 fatty acids may reduce the risk of coronary heart disease.
Enjoy better results from your weight loss and heart health efforts
If you're committed to a healthy diet and regular exercise in order to control your weight and support your heart…why not enjoy better results from your efforts?
My Omega-3 SLIM formula can help you lose up to three times more weight than you'd lose with diet and exercise alone. And it helps you reduce your body fat percentage, which is important for a healthy heart. Plus, Omega-3 SLIM helps steady blood sugar levels and includes abundant DHA omega-3s to nourish and support your heart. It's the only supplement you'll find that works as hard as you do for heart-healthy weight loss. And when you combine Omega-3 SLIM with my personal 12-week CardioSLIM Coach video email series (yours FREE when you try Omega-3 SLIM) you'll be shedding pounds quickly, in a way that is healthy, sustainable, and GREAT for your heart!
What Our Customers Say:
"I love this weight loss product…. I have slowly dropped 20 lbs over the past year. I have controlled my portions…At my last doctor's appointment my LDL had dropped...My triglyceride level has always been in the right range but it also went lower. My BMI is also slowly going down and I have lost 2 inches off my waist. Like I said I love this product and recommend it to anyone wanting to lose weight or just maintain their weight."*
— Pam Somera
"I am very happy with Omega-3 SLIM...After taking this Omega-3 SLIM, I lost 7 lbs. My waistline also decreased so now I can get into my jeans."*
— Adela Munsod
*Results may vary.
2Ikeda, Y. et al. Effectiveness and Safety in Administering Banaba Extract to "those who are concerned about blood sugar levels."Practice" 2001
3Judy, W. et al.Antidiabetic activity of a standardized extract (Glucosol™) from Lagerstroemia speciosa leaves: A dose-dependence study.J. Ethnopharmacol 2003;87: 155–17.
What Our Customers Say:
"I love this weight loss product…. I have slowly dropped 20 lbs over the past year. I have controlled my portions…At my last doctor's appointment my LDL had dropped...My triglyceride level has always been in the right range but it also went lower. My BMI is also slowly going down and I have lost 2 inches off my waist. Like I said I love this product and recommend it to anyone wanting to lose weight or just maintain their weight."*
— Pam Somera
"I am very happy with Omega-3 SLIM. ..After taking this Omega-3 SLIM, I lost 7 lbs. My waistline also decreased so now I can get into my jeans."*
— Adela Munsod
*Results may vary.
These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.
Ingredients and Dosage
Doctor's Suggested Use: Take 1 softgel twice daily with a meal.
Serving Size: 1 Softgel
Servings Per Container: 60
|Amount Per Serving
|Calamarine®‡ Oil Concentrate (from squid)
|250 mg
|DHA (docosahexaenoic acid)•
|70 mg
|EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid)•
|30 mg
GreenSelect®♦ Phytosome
Phosphatidylcholine (from soy),
Green Tea Extract (leaf, decaffeinated)
|150 mg
|Banaba Extract§ (leaf)
|1.5 mg
|*Daily Value (DV) not established.
Other ingredients: Gelatin, sunflower oil, glycerin, sunflower lecithin, beeswax, silicon dioxide, caramel, carob extract
Note: Pregnant or lactating women should consult a health care professional before taking this product.
Keep out of reach of children.
‡ Calamarine® is a registered trademark of Pharma Marine AS.
♦ GreenSelect® is a registered trademark of Indena S.p.A.
§ GlucoHelp® is a registered trademark of Soft Gel Technologies, Inc.
• As ethyl ester.
Displaying 1-10 of 83
Reviewed on
I love the product. Not sure that I can say I lost weight, perhaps, but inches and firming for sure within the first 30days.
Reviewed on
This is a great product. Has helped to reduce inches from my stomach. I have not changed my eating habits .
Reviewed on
Still using it. It helps
Reviewed on
Weight loss is slow but appetite is definitely lower. The good news is that I am not gaining!
Reviewed on
I keep buying this pill because I believe what Dr. Sinatra says that it does what it does for your heart and your health, but what it's concern about loosing weight, I have not lost any weight at all ... so my rate for that it is only 1 Star.
Reviewed on
I have only been taking this a couple days [...] I take DHEA, Calcium and Vitamin D3 for the bones. Iodine and Selenium for the thyroid, but what to do about the getting old and fat and the auto-immune stickh? Well maybe this will help for losing weight - hope so [...] Thank you for this god send. p.s. If it makes me thin too... we are in business lol
Reviewed on
I just love Omega 3 slim . It has helped me shed 10 pounds and I never feel the hunger I use to have, I am 70 years young and take thyroid medication and was having a hard time loosing weight until I tried Omega 3 slim and eating a healthy diet. Thank You Dr. Sinatra for this wonderful product and God Bless You .............
Reviewed on
Not sure yet, have only been using it for about a month. I have lost a few pounds so far. Will need a little more time to see how it does. Check back next month
Reviewed on
I like the way it curbs your appetite for sweets and help you to eat smaller amounts of food.
Reviewed on
I am using this product now for about 40 Days and lost seven pounds. Feels great all around.
Science and Quality
See why Dr. Sinatra partners with Healthy Directions
Product Quality
- Manufactured to exacting standards using highest quality raw materials
- Produced under our own SOPs that meet or exceed FDA GMPs
- Every batch tested to verify purity and potency specifications are met
- Specific product testing is listed in the Certificate of Quality
- Quality assured with our Triple-Testing Philosophy™
- Backed by our 100% satisfaction guarantee


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MayFest opens tonight
Looking for something fun to do with the kids this week? MayFest opens tonight and runs through Sunday at the Rowan County Fairgrounds.
A new event brought in by the Rowan County Fair Association, MayFest will offer a bit of the county fair in springtime with carnival rides, attractions, entertainment, food, a petting zoo and more.
Featured acts will entertain nightly, with Darrell Harwood tonight, Divided by 4 on Thursday, Wayward Reason on Friday, Strings of Victory on Saturday and Heirs of Salvation on Sunday.
Gates open at 5:30 p.m. and close at 11 p.m. tonight through Friday. Gates open at 2 p.m. and close at 11:30 p.m. Saturday and Sunday. Admission is $3 per person. Children younger than 3 get in free of charge.
The Rowan County fairgrounds is at 1560 Julian Road, near the intersection with Old Concord Road.


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Showing 1-24 of 84 items found in Events
Taste of Chicago
Taste of Chicago is the nation's premier outdoor food festival showcasing the diversity of Chicago's dining community. The delicious array of food served at Taste of Chicago is complemented by music and exciting activities for the entire family. Every summer since 1980, Chicago's beautiful Grant Park on the city's magnificent lakefront has been home to the world's largest food festival.
CITY: Chicago
Lambs Farm Famous Farmyard
The Lambs Farm Farmyard will open daily March 22nd through October and weekends only through November 16th. Come and enjoy Lambs Farm's famous Farmyard. Meet Miss Wiggles, the 450-pound pig with an affinity for Bavarian Crème donuts and Oreo Cookies® and meet all of the new miniature animals, including Levi the miniature horse. Climb into the petting zoo with goats, sheep and lambs. Check out the llamas, alpacas, cows, horses, ducks and more. Enjoy a ride on the old-fashion carousel or the train. Then challenge friends and family to a round of mini golf! Farmyard memberships are available. Day passes for all activities available for $8 for adults and $12 for children 2-12.
CITY: Libertyville
Magnificent Mile Lights Festival
Kick off the holiday season and create your special memories on The Magnificent Mile in 2014! The BMO Harris Bank Magnificent Mile Lights Festival, the nation's largest evening holiday celebration, jump starts the holiday season on Saturday, November 22 with a full day of family friendly activities, concerts by top musical artists and the best holiday shopping. The day's excitement culminates with a grand evening parade down Michigan Avenue marshaled by Mickey Mouse and Minnie Mouse from Walt Disney World Resort in Florida, illuminating one million lights on 200 trees. The parade concludes with a grand finale fireworks show over the Chicago River.
CITY: Chicago
Lincoln Park ZooLights
Enter a winter wonderland illuminated by the laughter of children and more than one million lights at Lincoln Park Zoo's annual ZooLights Presented by ComEd and Charter One. This holiday classic has become one of the Windy City's must-see seasonal events. Watch live ice carving then escape Jack Frost with an exotic trip past crocodiles, pygmy hippos and meerkats at the Regenstein African Journey. Animal exhibits stay open late as guests roam taking in the lights, music and taking photos with Santa. Prepare holiday crafts and enjoy the zoo's incredible animals immersed in an atmosphere unlike any other.
CITY: Chicago
Model Railroad Garden: Landmarks of America
The 7,500-square-foot "Model Railroad Garden: Landmarks of America" exhibition at the Chicago Botanic Garden features trains running on 1,600 feet of track, for train and garden enthusiasts to enjoy the delightful sights and sounds of the miniature trains traversing high and low through tunnels, across bridges and around buildings.
CITY: Glencoe
Boo! at the Zoo
Halloween fun awaits families at Brookfield Zoo's annual Boo! at the Zoo celebration. The popular daytime event, presented by Fisher-Price, features a Costume Parade, Costume Showcase, professional pumpkin-carving demonstrations, not-so-scary games and activities, special animal Zoo Chats, and haunted hayrides. For more information, visit www.CZS.org or call (708) 688-8000.
CITY: Brookfield
Christmas Around the World & Holidays of Light
Christmas Around the World began in 1942 as a United Nations Day salute to American allies during the war, is now in its 70th year. The exhibit features more than 60 dazzling trees and displays that are decorated by members of Chicago's ethnic communities to reflect holiday customs from around the world. Holidays of Light showcases various global holidays that celebrate light or enlightenment such as Hanukkah, Kwanzaa, and Diwali. Festivities include ethnic dancing and singing, storytellers, and school choir performances.
CITY: Chicago
Holiday Magic at Brookfield Zoo
December 18th & 19th December 26th - 31st January 1st 4-9pm Start a new family tradition at Chicagoland's largest light festival featuring over 120 animated light displays and million twinkling lights. Come celebrate the holiday season with family and friends during Brookfield Zoos 29th annual Holiday Magic. Enjoy live entertainment, amazing animals, model trains and a train ride, special Dolphin Show, Sing to the Animals and professional ice carvers. Call or visit website for more info.
CITY: Brookfield
Wizard World Chicago Comic Con at the Donald E. Stephens Convention Center
THURSDAY-FRIDAY-SATURDAY-SUNDAY, AUGUST 8-9-10-11, 2013 Show Hours: Thursday, August 8, 2013 - 12 NOON - 8pm Friday, August 9, 2013 - 12 NOON - 8pm Saturday, August 10, 2013 - 10am - 7pm Sunday, August 11, 2013 - 10am - 5pm All full-price attendees will receive a limited-edition, exclusive cover variant of The Walking Dead #1 by TBD! Artist will be on hand to sign. Extremely limited quantities are available to fans only while supplies last! **Children 10 and under get in FREE when accompanied by a paid adult (Limit 2 Per Paid Adult Tickets). All show tickets will be e-mailed AND available as a pdf file after purchase.**
CITY: Rosemont
Rockin' at the Park
Free Summer Concert Series The Rockin' in the Park festival will be a summer-long concert series, beginning in May and continuing through August. The festival features live bands, fireworks and food and beverage tents on the great lawn in the center of MB Financial Park at Rosemont. Visit www.mbparkatrosemont.com for complete line up!
CITY: Rosemont
A Christmas Carol
Charles Dickens' timeless tale of hope and redemption comes to life in an enchanting 36th anniversary production that promises more magic and merriment than ever before. Join us as we celebrate three and a half decades of the beloved holiday tradition, and experience the electrifying arrival of the ghosts, the jubilant musical numbers, the "Bah Humbugs" and Scrooge's joyful discovery of life and love.
CITY: Chicago
Chicago Botanic Garden- Weekend Family Classes
Together, adults and children can explore cool things about how plants connect to science, art, history, and culture. Each program includes a variety of hands-on activities and projects, as well as opportunities to bring the Garden home. Programs run from November through April on Saturdays.
CITY: Glencoe
2nd Annual Outdoor Sculpture Walk
Take a self-guided tour of public art from June 2 to September 2 as part of the 2nd annual Sculpture Walk in downtown Oak Park. The walk features 12 world-class sculptures prominently placed among Oak Park's many shops and restaurants.
CITY: Oak Park
The Stadium at the Ballpark
The Stadium at the Ballpark at Rosemont is the 2,000-seat home of the Chicago Bandits, the 2011 NPF World Champion women's softball organization, East Leyden High School's girls softball team and the Rosemont School's boys and girls softball team. It is located on the west side of 1-294, and is the first facility of its kind in the nation built expressly for women's professional sports. The team plays 25 home games a year, from June through August.
CITY: Rosemont
Autumn Festival - An Arts & Crafts Affair
At this annual fest, you can browse the works of more than 500 artists and craftsmen from 30 states. Find home decor and gifts (all handcrafted and one-of-a-kind), entertainment, and plenty of food and drink. Voted one of the top 100 art shows in the country by Sunshine Artist Magazine.
CITY: Villa Park
Fountain Square
Now celebrating its 34th year, Fountain Square Art Festival is the largest and oldest fine arts fair on Chicago's majestic North Shore. Featuring the eclectic works of more than 225 juried artists, this sprawling art showcase epitomizes words like "cosmopolitan" and "sophistication." The festival takes place in downtown Evanston, just steps from the eponymous Fountain Square. It also features a popular children's art tent with fun activities overseen by the acclaimed Evanston Art Center, food, and a soothing jazz-centric music lineup.
CITY: Evanston
Winter Wonderland Holiday Light Show
A Lake County holiday tradition. Visit Northern Illinois' largest drive-through Holiday Light Festival, held at the Cuneo Mansion, and view thousands of twinkling lights, animated displays and holiday decorations. While visiting the light show, the Cuneo Mansion & Gardens invites you to walk through the museum for a magical view of Christmas' past. Please visit the website for more information.
CITY: Vernon Hills
Walking Tour of Historic Riverside
The Frederick Law Olmsted Society is pleased to offer great opportunities to learn about our historic landmark village. Discover the winding roads, delightful parks, beautiful landscapes, varied architecture and much more!
CITY: Riverside
Berwyn Cruise Nites in the Depot District
Head to the Depot District for the 9th Annual Cruise Nites presented by Berwyn Kia, Paisans Pizzeria & Bar, Mike & Sons Auto Services, Cicero Auto Parts, Deece Automotive! Cruise Nites take place on Tuesdays from 6-9pm in the Depot District at Windsor & Grove Avenues steps away from the Berwyn Metra Station. Enjoy your summe evenings while taking a stroll through a combination of car show and nightlife.
CITY: Berwyn
Art Dans La Rue
Join us on Tuesday, August 6th from 12-9pm for Downtown Oak Park's authentic urban French Street Festival! Featuring: art exhibits by local artists, special showing of a French film, Can-Can dancers, French music by "Paris La Nuit," Poodle Parade, French lessons, Fresh made crepes, Wine tastings, Sidewalk chalk contest, Bike Rentals, and much more!
CITY: Oak Park
Adapted from T.H. White's novel The Once and Future King, Camelot is a valiant Broadway musical that will transport audiences to the magical and mythical days of medieval England. The legendary characters King Arthur, Queen Guenevere, Sir Lancelot and Merlyn come alive in this exciting tale of love and chivalry. The classic production features a lush, romantic score including "If Ever I Would Leave You," "Camelot," "How to Handle a Woman," and "Follow Me."
CITY: Oakbrook Terrace
Chicago Auto Show
The Chicago Auto Show is the largest auto show in North America and has been held more times than any other auto exposition on the continent. All Chicago Auto Show exhibits are held in the McCormick Place complex. Exhibitions include: multiple world and North American introductions; a complete range of domestic and imported passenger cars and trucks; sport utility vehicles; and experimental or concept cars. In total, nearly 1,000 different vehicles will be on display. Additionally, attendees will also have the opportunity to see numerous accessories and auto-related exhibits, competition vehicles and project, antique and collector cars.
CITY: Chicago
Uncorked Summer Nights
Experience the Oak Park Conservatory from a fresh perspective with Uncorked Summer Nights! Admission includes 2 drink tickets and appetizers. Also, included is showcase tours of the Fern, Tropical and Desert rooms. Enjoy music by the Grosso Family Band and art by Phil Malhiot. Appetizers provided by New Rose Catering and wine and craft beer by Marion Street Cheese Market.
CITY: Oak Park
Art on Harrison
Seeking a way to announce the emerging Arts District, galleries and building owners in partnership with the Oak Park Arts Council inaugurated Art on Harrison in 1995. Conceived of as an informal Friday evening gallery walk, the event has continued each September since its inception, expanding to include entertainment and performances at participating galleries. Come out and see what the area has to offer in a convivial atmosphere, a celebration of what the creative spirits of this community have accomplished.
CITY: Oak Park


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In conjunction with the Wilderness Foundation, we urge you to join Jock Safari Lodge, in the fight to save the rhino. Experience the beauty of this remnant from the dinosaur age at a special rate.
Nestled amidst the lush vegetation in the South-Western corner of the Kruger National Park. Jock Safari Lodge emerges at the pinnacle where the Mitomeni & Biyamiti rivers flow as one - a space for breath-taking wildlife sightings.
Home Affairs extends date for requirement of an unabridged birth certificate for children traveling with parents.
We strive to be the BEST LODGE & SAFARI EXPERIENCE in the Kruger National Park. Our guests have confirmed we are!
It's been a busy week for one and all within Shamwari Group, especially our sales & marketing team who put together two very successful industry workshops. One was held in Johannesburg and the other in Cape Town.
Every debate is important because it keeps the issue alive, and right now that is critical if rhinos are to survive Dr Ian Player, Co-founder of Wilderness Foundation
The new upgraded Skukuza Airport will be fully operational from June 2014. Jock Safari Lodge offers airport transfers from the Skukuza Airport.
Update from our General Manager, Louis Strauss ...


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The SuperVac Super Motor
All Hayden central vacuums use reliable double fan 5.7" dual stage bypass motors from Ametek-Lamb, the worlds premier central vacuum motor manufacturer. The SV90 models use a special dual tapered fan system with a third stationary stage which provides up to 25% more airflow than standard flat fan motor systems. While many central vacuums use flat fan motors, the tapered fan system has become more popular for it's higher efficiency in a standard motor chassis. More new dual fan motor systems are used with a flat lower fan and tapered top fan to increase performance without requiring a change to the vacuum design.
Hayden is among the first vacuum manufacturers to redesign their vacuum power unit motor module to take full advantage of a dual tapered fan motor system. The dual taper fan unit is taller than non-tapered fan units, so only those vacuum designed for the new motor can hold the multi-stage fan unit. Within the Hayden SV90 filtered cyclonic vacuum system, the dual tapered fan motor provides a maximum 144 IWL (inches of water lift) and 126 CFM (cubic feet/minute) of airflow for a total 620 maximum AirWatts.
In peak performance testing outside of the vacuum system the dual tapered fan motor system is capable of a maximum 148 IWL, 130 CFM and 678 AirWatts. The new motor system far surpasses Hayden's previous SuperVac which offered a 540 maximum airwatt motor. The new SuperVac 9000 was designed to over perform for the homeowner and outperform the competition including the popular and somewhat costly dual stage single tapered fan BEAM 375 series.
Low Noise Cleaning System
The new Hayden SuperVac's are not only the most powerful in their class, they are among the most quiet CV power units available on the market today with the SV90 operating at only 59dba. Central vacuums generate noise in three areas: motor run, exhaust airflow and intake (cooling) airflow. All three emissions of noise are controlled in Hayden central vacuums. Hayden employs open cell foam that is produced with computer aided design in specific locations, shapes and densities to capture noise within the vacuums motor compartment. Motor run noise is contained with a foam wrap inside the motor module. The wrap also seals the exhaust port and the intake fan (cooling fan) compartment to contain noise. Intake noise (from the cooling fan) is contained with a unique dual layer lid which sandwiches a special design foam baffle system that lets cooling airflow into the motor compartment but prevents noise from escaping. The Vacuums exhaust noise is greatly attenuated by use of a vaculine Square One muffler system which is included with the vacuum. Exhaust noise can be further lessened by venting the exhaust to the outdoors, though not required for low noise operation.
Power and Control System
All Hayden SuperVac's feature a durable multi-layered Alutron Modules control board with universal 24 volt signaling for remote power unit activation by your inlet and hose. The control board has an external Push button resettable circuit protector to protect the motor from voltage overload and heat damage and includes a 6 ft power cord for connection to a standard grounded 120 volt 20 amp circuit. A standard low volt recepticle is mounted through the steel body with two included crimp on wire terminals to connect with your existing low-volt wire system. A green LED light illuminates at the low-volt hookup to let you know when power is supplied to the vacuum system. A convenient power over-ride switch is also built in to the vacuums motor module which allows you to start the vacuum without a low-volt signal. The control board is mounted within the motor module where it also benefits from the cool airflow intake of the bypass motor.
The Hayden Filtered Cyclonic Separation System
Hayden's SV90 Central Vacuum features a Cyclonic Filtration system, a unique dual filtration process that utilizes cyclonic separation for primary filtration and a pleated Hydrophobic filter for secondary filtration. They cyclonic filtering action is the heart of the SV90 continuous performance. Unlike central vacuum systems that rely on permanent cloth filters, the powerful performance of the SV90 power unit will not decrease as dirt accumulates. And unlike unfiltered cyclonic vacuum systems the Hayden SV90's high performance suction motor is always protected from incoming dust and debris.
Carpets and furnishings are cleaned more thoroughly and exhibit less wear due to efficient and consistent vacuum power and airflow. The Hayden SV90 power unit with Cyclonic Filtration Separation will supply constant cleaning power while you vacuum. Cleaning power from the vacuum unit will be almost exactly the same at the end of your cleaning task as it was at the beginning. And the next time you use your CV system you will again enjoy it's full power. This differs greatly from permanently filtered vacuums which can loose 50% or more of their initial cleaning power before you finish cleaning your home, even models with special filter coatings or enhancements are subject to significant airflow loss.
While many manufacturers claim "cyclonic action" in the filtration system of their vacuum, the Hayden Filtered Cyclonic adheres to the true principals of Cyclonic Separation. As defined in the Dictionary of Physics, Cyclonic Separation requires three criteria to be met: High-speed rotating airflow, a conical container and downward motion.
With the Hayden central vacuum's filtered system there is no chance for dust or vacuum odors to recirculate into your living area. The vacuumed dirt is transported from your living area and deposited into the power unit dirt canister. The fine, lightweight dust particles are trapped in the high-performance pleated filter as clean air is exhausted from the system. Hayden's 81SV90 is the first Filtered Cyclonic system to offer a Hydrophobic pleated filter. The fibers of the filter material repel water which allow you to wash the filter in running water to deep clean the filter system when needed. With normal use the filter requires minimal maintenance of simply brushing the filter clean once or twice a year as needed.
The Hayden SuperVac 9000 is bagless, and does not require a permanent primary filter which clogs and reduces airflow while you vacuum. Dirt and debris are swept into the Hayden SV90 at a high rate of speed, creating a powerful cyclonic (spinning) action inside the canister. As the dirt spins, the air pressure forces the heavier dirt and dust to the outside of the interior cyclonic cone where it slows, drops out of the cyclonic air stream and gets deposited in the dirt canister. Cyclonic filtration is a very strong centrifugal force that separates up to 99% of all vacuumed dirt from the airflow. The powerful dual fan section of the motor then pulls the separated exhaust air in the center past the pleated filter which provides a sub-micron level fine dust filtration removing any remaining particles and protecting the motor.
Finally the separated and cleaned exhaust air exits the unit without recirculating dust or vacuum odors back into your home. The vacuum power remains strong and reliable, offering peak cleaning efficiency. Unlike unfiltered cyclonic vacuum systems the Hayden SV90 provides a clean exhaust. The exhausted air can be vented outside or vented into the same room where the vacuum is mounted, like the garage or basement. The SuperVac does not exhaust visible dirt or dust and does not require outside venting or maintenance of the exhaust system like fully cyclonic systems.
Filtered Cyclonic VS. Permanent Cloth Filter
Cleaning performance decreases quickly as the permanent cloth filter (inverted bag or bouncing filter) becomes clogged with dirt. Results from independent testing conducted by Intertek Testing Service, NA, Inc. in Cortland, NY show after 300 grams of ASTM test dirt a Filtered Cyclonic vacuum showed a minimal drop and then stabilized at 94% efficiency. The permanent cloth filter on the other hand drops sustained cleaning power quickly and substantially with just a small amount of test dirt.
The decline in performance is steady as more dirt is ingested, finally stabilizing at only 44% of the vacuums original cleaning power after 300 grams of dirt. The average household vacuums over 450 grams of dirt per week in normal cleaning. And this test is just an average, many permanent filter products did worse in testing, and this test includes treated filter products like GORE-TEX and Teflon used in some brands of vacuum.
This loss of airflow and sustained cleaning power is because the vacuums intake forces 100% of all vacuumed dirt directly against the permanent cloth filter – no cyclonic air path or separation is achieved. The result is dirtier filters for greater clogging potential and less vacuum power. Debris is not released from the permanent cloth filter until the vacuum system is turned off. This helps to unclog the filter, but a dirt film remains – reducing original performance. Permanent cloth filter systems can not be restored to like new condition once dirt and dust are embedded in the filter. Coatings like GORE-TEX® and Teflon® help reduce embedded dirt, but do not eliminate it.
The Filtered Cyclonic system is a proven filtration method having been used for well over forty years in central vacuums. The secondary filtration of the 81SV90 power unit gives you the option of using the vacuum as a clean self-venting system with no routed exhaust or it can be used in the traditionally piped exhaust system. The Filtered Cyclonic system is much more versatile than standard un-filtered cyclonic vacuums.
The Hayden final filter pleated cartridge system is easy to maintain and will last many years under normal household use. And the large 6 gallon dirt receptacle means you empty your vacuum in months of time, not weeks. To aid in ease of maintenance the dirt receptacle is made of durable and lightweight ABS polymer with an easy to use steel latching system. The special design of the receptacle aids the cyclonic separation of the vacuumed debris and the bag-free collection system means you will never need disposable bags to vacuum your home.
For some vacuum users a disposable bag filter system could be a better solution, fortunately Hayden makes both. If you are accustomed to the neat and tidy disposable filter, have a limited mounting application that requires the unit to be installed in a space where dust and debris should not escape during normal maintenance (such as a mechanical room, interior closet or other finished room), or if the person responsible for maintaining the vacuum is sensitive to dust or would not be able to easily deal with a bin full of debris then the disposable filter option is for you. The Hayden SuperVac 9000 Classic Hybrid Power Unit offers disposable bag collection and offers the same powerful motor and quality construction as the SuperVac 9000 Filtered Cyclonic.
Healthy Home Solution
Perhaps the most important feature of the Hayden SuperVac central vacuums is the cleaner environment and healthier home they can provide for your family. Central cleaning systems are installed for a variety of reasons including superior cleaning power, low noise operation, convenience of use, durability and longevity or even the built-in value a central vacuum system can add to the home at resell. While all great reasons to install and use a central cleaning system in your home the greatest impact will be the overall healthier home you provide for your family. Even clean homes can collect as much as 40 pounds of dust per year. Since most of us spend 90% of our time indoors and indoor air quality can be more polluted than outdoor air, a CV System is vital to ensuring a clean living environment.
According to the U.S. EPA, indoor air pollution is Americas most serious environmental health problem. The American College of Allergists reports that 50% of all illnesses are caused by, or aggravated by, polluted indoor air. And according to a study conducted by The University of California Davis School of Medicine, "Allergy sufferers' symptoms can be improved up to 61% when using a central vacuum system." Only central cleaning systems can eliminate 100% of vacuumed dirt, dust and allergens, providing your family with a healthier home.
CV Green Cleaning
Central vacuum technology is green inside and out. The quality of Hayden power units lends itself to the longevity that CVS owners enjoy of their vacuums. While many portable vacuum owners are hardly surprised when purchasing a new vacuum every 2-3 years, many central vacuum owners will receive 5 to 10 times longer service from their quality built in vacuum. Hayden vacuums guarantee quality products that will last for many years.
Hayden power units purchased from Vacdepot enjoy the full manufacturers supported 10 year limited warranty with service provided by professional technicians. Haydens limited warranty covers 100% of the parts and service labor for the electrical components of the SV90 for the first seven years of ownership, and 50% of parts and labor cost for three additional years. Full warranty terms are provided in the owners manual. Vacdepot is an authorized sales and service center for Hayden vacuums.
Central vacuums require less maintenance resulting in less junk in the landfill. High efficiency and performance also reduce the trash in our landfills by better cleaning carpet and removing embedded dirt and grit that causes our carpets to wear and need replacement. More efficient central vacuum motors use near portable-vacuum consumption of power, yet provide better cleaning results with less time spent cleaning. Low noise also maintains environmentally friendly use that protects the home environment and occupants from noise pollution.
Central vacuums are beneficial to every member of the home from parents, to kids, to pets. And while having a central vacuum may not guarantee they will use it any more often (particularly the kids), you can be sure that when you take time to clean that you are doing the very best for your home and family.
The 81SV90 is recommended for installations of 3 - 15 valves with a max pipe run of 225 ft including the exhaust system, if any. While best suited for homes up to 9,000 square feet, these recommendations are approximate and for reference only and not intended as a strict guide. For more information please contact Vacdepot for assistance.


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Hi everyone. Brand newbie here, so please bear with me!
After having quite a few people tell me I have an eye for photos... I have decided buy my first 'good' camera this year...the only problem is I don't really know much about is proving to be an unbelieveably complex market! Essentially, this is my situation in bullet points!
- I have a budget of £600-£800 total...but happy to stretch a little if its worth it
- I have no real understanding of the majority of the jargon or tech speak yet, but learning slowly
- I like the style/feel/interface of the Canon 60d (a friend has one but CANNOT explain anything to me without using incredibly complex tech speak!)
- I probably won't be upgrading anytime soon so would like to buy the best I can afford rather than a beginners camera that I would soon grow out of
- I want an 'all-rounder' lens - (most of my pics will be outdoors, sometimes with fast moving subjects, the remainder indoor family shots but generally well lit scenes)
- I would like minimal fiddling for maximum result
I appreciate that the above could be hugely subjective, but I am drowning in all the options and body/lens combos so really need to narrow down my searches!
Hope some kind and patient souls can help me...in fairly plain english!


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Mostly Cloudy
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Credit: AFP/Getty Images
TO GO WITH AFP STORY BY Jan Hennop
Wood is piled up by the 150 metre-long Noah's ark created by Dutch Johan Huibers in Dordrecht on June 21, 2011. For the last three years the quaint old Dutch city of Dordrecht have been watching in amazement as construction businessman Johan Huibers' dream of building a 150 metre-long Noah's ark, stocked with thousands of plastic animals, slowly grew into a reality. At an old abandoned quay on the Merwede River, about 65 kilometres (40 miles) south of Amsterdam, Huibers, 52, and a team of 50 dedicated employees are slowly putting the final touches to what they believe is the only life-size wooden ark in existence. AFP PHOTO / ANOEK DE GROOT (Photo credit should read ANOEK DE GROOT/AFP/Getty Images)
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Reuben H. Fleet Bio
May 23, 2012
Reuben Hollis Fleet was born 6 March 1887 in the Grays Harbor area in the Washington Territory, near Montesano. He attended public schools in Montesano, and was a 1906 graduate of the Culver Military Academy in Indiana, where his uncle was superintendant. Returning to Washington, he was involved in his family timber and real estate businesses, was an officer in the Washington National Guard, became a civic leader, and was elected to the state legislature in 1915, its youngest member. During this period, he became more and more interested and involved in aviation. His formal introduction came when he was selected for aviation training, reporting to the Army's Rockwell Field, at North Island, Coronado.
He earned Junior Military Aviator (JMA) wings Number 74 in 1917 at North Island, soon after receiving a commission as a major in the Army Signal Corps. He was assigned to a position in Washington, D.C., where he directed aviation training. He was then transferred to England, where he graduated from the flying instructor school at Gosport. Later, he was stationed in Dayton, Ohio, serving as business manager for McCook Field, then as the Army Air Services chief contracting officer.
Reuben H. Fleet was given the responsibility for organizing the nation's first Air Mail service in 1918. He resigned from Army service in 1922, joining Gallaudet Aircraft Corporation as general manager. He founded Consolidated Aircraft Corporation in 1923, purchasing the training airplane designs of Dayton-Wright from General Motors, and renting the Gallaudet factory in Rhode Island. In 1924, he moved to Buffalo, New York, leasing quarters in the government-built Curtiss plant. He purchased Thomas Morse Aircraft, and moved it to Buffalo, also purchasing the Hall Aluminum Aircraft Company.
He moved his growing company to San Diego, California in 1935. In San Diego, Consolidated Aircraft Corporation became the world leader in building military training planes, also building seaplanes in larger numbers than all other flying boat manufacturers combined. His landplane bombers for World War II were built in greater quantity than any other aircraft ever produced. Three weeks before Pearl Harbor Reuben H. Fleet sold his stock interest in Consolidated.
Among his many awards, he was elected to the International Air & Space Hall of Fame in San Diego in 1965, was named "Mr. San Diego" in 1968, and was elected to the National Aviation Hall of Fame in 1975. Major Reuben H. Fleet passed away in San Diego on 29 October 1975.
About the Reuben H. Fleet Science Center
The Reuben H. Fleet Science Center ("the Fleet") is home to Southern California's only IMAX® Dome Theater and 100+ hands-on science exhibits for all ages. Watch immersive giant-screen films in the Heikoff Dome Theater, featuring the world's first NanoSeam™ Dome screen in an IMAX Theater. The Fleet is the first Giant Dome Theater in the country to share a digital planetarium with an IMAX Dome theater, following the recent installation of a new, state-of-the-art, giant dome screen digital GSX™ system from Global Immersion, which augments the existing IMAX® projector in the Heikoff Dome Theater with one of the most comprehensive and powerful full-dome experiences available today. The digital system not only enhances our planetarium capabilities but expands the possibilities for sustainable institutional programming that could include evening programming with cultural content of various kinds. Experience eight galleries of fun, interactive exhibits, including major traveling exhibitions. A hurricane simulator thrills visitors with gusts of wind up to 80 miles per hour. Enjoy sandwiches, salads and healthy treats in Galileo's Café. Find unique educational toys and games, books, IMAX DVDs and more in the North Star Science Store. Located at 1875 El Prado, two blocks south of the San Diego Zoo on Park Blvd, the Fleet Science Center is a non-profit organization dedicated to furthering the public understanding and enjoyment of science and technology. For information regarding current admission prices, please call (619) 238-1233 or visit our website at www.rhfleet.org.


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July 26, 2013
|The Honorable Fred Upton
|The Honorable Henry A. Waxman
|Ranking Member
|Energy and Commerce Committee
|Energy and Commerce Committee
|U.S. House of Representatives
|U.S. House of Representatives
|2125 Rayburn House Office Building 2322A
|Rayburn House Office Building
|Washington, DC 20515
|Washington, DC 20515
via email at: [email protected] [2]
The Biotechnology Industry Organization (BIO) is pleased to comment on the U.S. House of Representatives Committee on Energy and Commerce's (Committee) fifth Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS) assessment white paper[1] [3]examining the Implementation of the RFS.
BIO is the world's largest biotechnology organization, with more than 1,100 member companies worldwide and in all 50 U.S. states. BIO represents leading technology companies in the production of conventional and advanced biofuels and other sustainable solutions to improving energy security and reducing U.S. dependence on oil imports. BIO also represents the leaders in developing new technologies for food, feed, fiber, and fuel.
These innovative industrial and agricultural biotechnology companies are developing new feedstocks and biological catalysts for production of a range of fuels from conventional ethanol to advanced biofuels, renewable chemicals, and biobased products. These technologies are reducing oil imports and contributing to U.S. energy security by providing affordable domestically produced alternatives to oil through environmentally friendly energy crops, cleaner-burning biofuels and renewable chemicals that help reduce greenhouse gas emissions and provide more sustainable sources of energy and materials. Further, the technology being developed by these companies, in large part due to the regulatory and financial certainty provided by the RFS, is helping the U.S. economy by mitigating the impact high and volatile global oil prices have on all facets of the economy and reducing gas prices at the pump for American consumers.
Given BIO's broad and diverse set of member companies who have decided to invest in the United States due to the policy stability provided by the RFS, we are able to provide a unique perspective on the issues the Committee is seeking to address regarding Implementation of the RFS.
As discussed in BIO's responses to the Committee's first four white papers, the RFS has been a success in driving the commercialization of technologies that help to reduce the U.S. transportation system's overwhelming reliance on foreign petroleum. The RFS provides exactly the type of long-term regulatory stability needed to send a signal to investors to develop a domestic biofuels industry that lessens our dependence on foreign fuels and creates jobs in America, using homegrown technology.
Congress established the RFS to encourage the use of existing biofuels and the development of advanced biofuels in order to reduce our reliance on the rising cost and price volatility of oil. It is crucial we maintain the RFS in order to spur alternative energy production and mitigate the impacts of overreliance on oil.
White Paper Response:
The Committee has again requested comments on a list of questions in this white paper. In order to properly address these questions, BIO has listed each question below in order with its answer immediately following.
1. Does EPA's annual RVO-setting process work well or are there concerns? If there are problems, are they correctable by EPA? Are any statutory changes needed?
EPA's consistent and carefully balanced implementation of the RFS has provided advanced biofuel developers and investors with confidence that if they can produce advanced and cellulosic biofuels, there will be market access for these fuels.[2] [4]BIO supports EPA's continued recognition that many factors must be taken into consideration in developing projections of its Renewable Volume Obligations (RVO) under the RFS, and that information obtained directly from biofuel producers should be evaluated in addition to the U.S. Energy Information Administration's (EIA) estimate.[3] [5] To ensure the maximum possible reliability of future year projections, and to comply with the ruling of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit in API v. EPA (API v. EPA), No. 12-1139, slip op. at 5-10 (D.C. Cir. January 25, 2013),[4] [6]EPA must maintain the ability to interpret and implement RVOs based on the best available information.
EPA's methodology – including input from producers – is likely to produce the most accurate projection, as companies have now constructed and are commissioning first-of-a-kind commercial-scale cellulosic biofuel production facilities. Construction and commissioning of these first commercial cellulosic biorefineries has provided valuable experience and insight into the challenges of bringing such facilities online.
BIO believes EPA has the regulatory flexibility to adjust the RVOs as necessary to properly forecast future production in a manner that will drive development of the advanced and cellulosic biofuel producers, but in a manner that is not burdensome to obligated parties. EPA has demonstrated this in developing more accurate RVOs each year by utilizing the knowledge it has gained from these experiences to ensure the most reliable prediction possible. This regulatory flexibility was upheld by the U.S. Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit.
In order to maintain the certainty the RFS provides for investors in the biofuels industry, BIO would urge Congress to allow EPA to continue to exercise the flexibility it has under the RFS, rather than foster instability in the marketplace by undoing the current process and forcing investors in the industry to wait for years on end for EPA to rewrite the rules.
2. Are the cellulosic biofuel provisions in the RFS working well or do they need to be changed? Has EPA modified its cellulosic biofuel standard-setting process for 2013 and future years appropriately, following the DC Circuit's decision to vacate EPA's 2012 standard? If not, what further changes are needed? Should EPA be required to reduce the advanced biofuel and total renewable fuel volumes when it lowers the cellulosic biofuel volume? What would be the consequences of such a change?
The cellulosic biofuel provisions in the RFS are working well. This provision is driving investment and commercialization of cellulosic biofuels.Facilities like INEOS Bio's in Vero Beach, Florida, and KiOR's in Columbus, Mississippi, representing several hundred million dollars of investment in the United States, are poised to begin production of the next generation of renewable fuel from wood and woody waste in 2013. Dozens more advanced biofuel projects are planned or under construction.
As discussed earlier, while API v. EPA vacated EPA's cellulosic standard, it also rejected API's argument that EPA was required to follow EIA projections in setting its annual RFS. The court alsorejected API's argument that EPA was not entitled to consider information from cellulosic biofuel producers in setting its projection, finding that cellulosic producers were, of course, an "almost inevitable source of information" for EPA. Under the D.C. Circuit's decision, EPA was free to reinstate the volumes that it had established, as long as the information available at the time would support the agency's conclusion that those volumes were reasonably achievable.
EPA published itsProposed Rule on the Regulation of Fuels and Fuel Additives: 2013 Renewable Fuel Standards[5] [7]shortly after the court ruling. In setting its 2013 numbers, EPA properly followed the DC Circuit Court's decision. EPA developed a methodology, using input from EIA, producers, companies, and others in industry to implement cellulosic volumes based on the best available information.
Further, EPA should not be required to reduce the advanced biofuel and total renewable fuel volumes when it lowers the cellulosic biofuel volumes. EPA has the regulatory flexibility to adjust the cellulosic volumes as appropriate without adversely affecting the advanced biofuel volumes. By even raising the possibility that advanced biofuels should be reduced in conjunction with cellulosic biofuels it creates a self-fulfilling prophecy, potentially slowing advanced biofuel companies' entry to the market by chilling investment from the financial community and bolstering legal challenges to any future advanced biofuel projections.
Rather it would be better for EPA to focus on garnering more cellulosic and advanced biofuel pathways under the RFS. We would encourage EPA to find ways within the law to expedite the approval of new feedstocks, which will help the industry produce cellulosic biofuel volumes. Challenges surrounding cellulosic biofuel numbers can also be handled by overcoming limits to market access for all biofuels; commonly referred to collectively as the blendwall, these limits represent a series of barriers contrived by obligated parties[6] [8]to prevent biofuels from gaining access to the marketplace.[7] [9] Multiple avenues exist for blending additional volumes of biofuel into the nation's fuel supply. E15 blends are approved and ready for use, and production of flex fuel vehicles ("FFVs") continues to increase. These options, combined with the introduction of new "drop-in" fuel molecules, provide a suite of opportunities for RFS compliance. The main obstacle to compliance is the dilatory tactics of obligated parties to pursue the options available to them.[8] [10]Obligated parties have had more than five years to begin establishing the infrastructure necessary to distribute RFS-mandated biofuel volumes, but have taken few steps to do so. Congress should therefore resist all efforts by obligated parties to reduce RFS obligations based on blendwall claims.
3. How can EPA improve its enforcement of the RIN credit trading program? Does EPA have the resources that would be required to oversee RIN production and enforce against production of invalid RINs? What role should obligated parties have in verifying the integrity of RINs and what additional information do they need to exercise due diligence? Will EPA's proposed voluntary third-party quality assurance program address the concerns of all RIN market participants? If not, what else is needed?
As noted by the Committee, EPA administers the RIN credit trading program as a "buyer beware" system, where RIN purchasers are responsible for conducting due diligence on the validity of RINs. This buyer beware approach is consistent with other compliance credit trading programs EPA administers under the Clean Air Act.[9] [11] The oil industry trade group, the American Petroleum Institute (API), in its comments on the original RFS, fully supported the RIN compliance trading program.[10] [12] The National Petrochemical & Refiners Association also fully supported the RIN system as the compliance mechanism for the RFS.[11] [13]
BIO commends EPA for its steadfast commitment to ensuring the RFS works as Congress intended to promote the commercial development of a domestic biofuels industry to help further this country's energy security. Stability in the RIN market is important to the functionality and effectiveness of the RFS. Reducing regulatory uncertainty for biofuel producers and obligated parties – for instance, through timely rulemakings and greater transparency in RIN trading – would provide the greatest benefit for all program participants compared to any legislative changes. Unfortunately, legal and legislative challenges to the RFS by petroleum refiners and producers have delayed the finalization of the 2013 RVO, adding to the existing atmosphere of regulatory uncertainty.
EPA and advanced biofuel companies already expend tremendous resources in ensuring the validity of RINs. Advanced biofuel companies in the process of raising capital and building commercial biorefineries must simultaneously invest time and money in meeting the regulatory requirements both for Registration of Fuels and Fuel Additives (Title 40 CFR §79) and for RFS2 Registered Renewable Fuel Producers (Title 40 CFR §80.1450). Prior to generating RINs, a renewable fuel producer must have independent third-party engineering reviews and verification of its facility's capacity to produce fuel and co-products, its feedstocks and suppliers, its process heat source and suppliers, its waste separation plan (if needed), and any required permits. Regulatory delays and barriers in these registration processes are already a significant challenge for advanced biofuel companies trying to commercialize new technology. Federal policies should clear a path for companies making investments, building new biorefineries and bringing innovative technologies to the marketplace.
EPA's proposed voluntary Quality Assurance Plan (QAP) duplicates to a large degree the engineering review and attest engagement requirements for CFR §79 and §80 under RFS. EPA even notes this redundancy in its proposed rule.[12] [14] BIO recommended in its comments to EPA's proposed rule that the final QAP not include unnecessary, duplicative and burdensome requirements on biofuel producers, especially less well capitalized, smaller producers that should be encouraged to make RFS qualifying fuel. Elimination of duplicative regulatory requirements can reduce the overall costs of the program for renewable fuel producers.
BIO additionally urged EPA to ensure that the QAP is truly a voluntary program in practice, as intended. Making the program truly voluntary will help level the playing field between large and small producers and help ensure that all producers are encouraged to participate in the RFS. EPA should be wary of creating an additional layer of regulation that competing companies and industries can use to raise regulatory and business costs to an intolerable level and drive small renewable fuel producers from the market.
EPA recognized in its proposed rule that already, without the proposed QAP in place, "individual obligated parties are now conducting their own audits of renewable fuel production facilities"; including "indemnification clauses in the contracts with RIN suppliers"; and "opting instead to purchase RINs primarily from the largest biodiesel producers".[13] [15] EPA and Congress should therefore recognize that obligated parties have significant leverage within the RFS program to impose costs and conditions on renewable fuel producers as well as to selectively identify and trade RINs from certain producers within the EPA Moderated Transaction System (EMTS). In fact, the committee's white paper recognizes that obligated parties have this leverage.
Obligated parties should be expected to seek to comply with the RFS at the lowest cost to themselves, their customers and end consumers. Obligated parties may not require a QAP as a condition for trading RINs from larger, well-established producers. Larger producers – already potentially able to produce lower cost fuel through economies of scale – may not feel the need to participate in a QAP and would thereby be able to provide fuel at a lower cost than small producers. There is no guarantee that obligated parties will favor verified RINs, since they generally view them as a burdensome compliance cost. Small producers forced to use a QAP option by obligated parties could see significantly higher costs with no corresponding enhancement in their participation in the RFS.
Since EMTS adequately enables due diligence against RIN fraud, the potential costs of the proposed QAP are disproportionate to its potential rewards for renewable fuel companies that have not yet actively participated in the RIN market. Cellulosic biofuel producers in particular may be unable to capture additional value for verified RINs because the RFS program provides obligated parties a compliance option for cellulosic renewable volume obligations that does not exist for other RVOs. The cellulosic waiver credit was designed to establish an upper bound for the value of a cellulosic biofuel gallon and assigned RIN as well as to ensure liquidity in the RIN market.[14] [16]
Flexible and transparent RIN trading benefits all, but it should not facilitate the imposition of costs by one party on a competitor. Renewable fuel producers and petroleum refiners are competitors. In partially granting the American Petroleum Institute's recent "Petition for Review of Final Agency Action," the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit indicated that, "[a]part from their role as captive consumers, the refiners are in no position to ensure, or even contribute to, growth in the cellulosic biofuel industry."[15] [17] Given this assertion by the Court, Congress should be wary of giving refiners added power to contribute to delays in the growth of the cellulosic biofuel industry through legislative and regulatory uncertainty. In its comments on the proposed rule, BIO urged EPA to rigorously ensure that the QAP does not enable and facilitate potentially discriminatory and anti-competitive behavior by obligated parties against biofuel producers.
4. What is responsible for the rise in ethanol RIN prices in 2013? Can future increases in RFS compliance costs be avoided, and if so, how? If the government takes action to limit increases in RFS compliance costs, how might such action affect this market-based program?
It should be noted that the rapid increase in RIN prices in 2013 has occurred in the absence of a final rule on 2013 RVOs. RIN prices for conventional biofuels (corn ethanol) began to climb in late January – following the publication of the proposed 2013 RVOs – and peaked in early March – following the compliance deadline for the 2012 RVOs.[16] [18] RIN prices have again peaked in July, after the final rule for the 2013 RVOs was transmitted from EPA to the White House Office of Management and Budget for interagency review. It is possible that regulatory uncertainty is contributing to speculative activity in RIN trading. Again, the delay in the rulemaking for the 2013 RVOs was caused in part by legal and legislative challenges to the RFS by petroleum refiners and producers, including last year's request of Governors from several States and a number of organizations requesting a waiver of the national volume requirements for the RFS pursuant to Section 211(o)(7)(A).[17] [19] These challenges have a negative effect on the production of cellulosic biofuels by chilling investment in the industry; further, they slow other regulatory rulemaking procedures necessary for the industry's progress toward commercial scale production.
Congressional challenges also contribute to the uncertainty of EPA's implementation of the rule. In its proposed Department of the Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act for Fiscal Year (FY) 2014, the U.S. House Appropriations Subcommittee for Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies reduced EPA's overall funding by 34 percent from FY 2013 levels and capped personnel levels for the agency at 1992 levels. In doing so, Congress is creating a self-fulfilling prophecy that the RFS is unworkable by EPA, by taking away EPA's resources to do so.
Figure 1: Source, Oil Price Information Service.
The EPA has proposed an overall RVO of 9.63 percent of transportation fuel for 2013 – with 1.6 percent reserved for advanced biofuels.[18] [20] While the agency has derived this RVO from the requirements in the Energy Independence and Security Act, the final number of actual gallons necessary to meet the RVO will depend on transportation fuel production and use within the United States throughout the year. A final tally will be determined only in February 2014 during annual compliance reporting and retiring of RINs.
Obligated parties, including refiners, have to blend biofuels with gasoline to separate the RINs for either compliance reporting or trading. With demand for gasoline essentially flat, after multiple years in which demand has been destroyed by spiraling and unstable prices, there does not appear to be a market-driven reason for the increase in RIN prices – since obligated parties need only retire sufficient RINs at the end of the compliance period to meet a percentage of the fuel they produced.
But RINs are traded among a relatively small number of obligated parties and other market participants. According to the Oil Price Information Service:
"A majority of these RINs sellers are large independent gasoline retailers, such as Sheetz, Gulf, Quiktrip, Wawa and 7-Eleven, sources told OPIS. Some RINs sellers could also include oil refiners that have a comparatively larger retail network than they do refinery capacity."[19] [21]
Further, OPIS notes "that the values of RINs acquired by actual blending at the racks are significantly lower than the spot market."[20] [22] It would appear, then, that much of the run-up in RIN prices has been on the speculative resale of separated RINs. And this speculation has occurred in the absence of a final RVO. But blending additional gallons of renewable fuels is a lower-cost – and potentially lucrative – option for RFS compliance.
5. Are increases in RIN prices likely to affect the production or marketing of renewable fuels? If so, how might this affect implementation of the RFS and RIN prices moving forward?
RIN prices are intended to provide incentive for obligated parties to increase the use of biofuels in the U.S. transportation fuel mix. As BIO has previously demonstrated in a white paper on the value proposition offered by the RFS compliance mechanism:
"The RFS2 requirement is a critical determinant of the demand for renewable fuels, providing both market assurance and value, particularly for cellulosic and advanced biofuels. For cellulosic biofuels, the RFS2 requirements provide assurance that all cellulosic biofuel produced up to annually prescribed volumes will have a market. The RFS2 compliance mechanisms promulgated by EPA also allow producers of innovative renewable fuels, such as advanced and cellulosic biofuels, to capture additional value for their products."[21] [23]
But regulatory uncertainty is likely to have a larger impact on renewable fuel production and marketing than RIN prices, particularly in the advanced biofuel sector, which is commercializing new technology.
The U.S. biofuel industry has generated an average of 1.05 billion gallons of conventional biofuel each month through May 2013.[22] [24] At a steady rate, the industry will provide approximately 12.56 billion gallons of conventional fuel during 2013. These companies benefit from steady, predictable demand for their product, understanding that demand for gasoline is flat. Biofuel producers – particularly ethanol producers who do not sell transportation fuel to the end market – do not separate RINs. They generate the RINs but transfer them with the volume of biofuel when selling it. RIN prices may incentivize additional demand for conventional biofuel before the year's end, but only if overall transportation fuel demand increases.
RINs of any type can be used to satisfy the overall RVO, and obligated parties should be expected to choose the lowest cost RINs. EPA data shows that nearly 6.3 billion RINs were separated in the first five months of 2013, and 2.56 billion 2012 vintage RINs are available to be used to comply with the 2013 RVO (in February 2014). Fewer than 80 million RINs have been retired during 2013. RIN prices for the advanced categories of biofuels have followed much the same pattern of price increases as conventional biofuel RINs.
The 2013 RVO for biomass-based diesel was finalized September 27, 2012, projecting production and availability of 1.28 billion gallons of fuel in 2013. This volume was first proposed in June 2011. And EPA factored this volume into the proposed 1.6 percent RVO for advanced biofuel in 2013, but that percentage obligation has not been finalized. With this relative certainty of an expanding market size, biomass-based diesel production in 2013 has increased steadily each month, from 80 million gallons in January to 140 million gallons in May.
6. Should the provisions applicable to obligated parties be modified to provide relief for entities unable to generate sufficient RINs? Would such an approach apply different compliance requirements for refiners that blend ethanol and refiners that do not blend ethanol? What would be the justification for and potential consequences of such a change, including the potential for market distortions?
Congress should not modify or change provisions of the RFS for obligated parties unable to generate sufficient RINs. The RFS was designed to open the U.S. transportation fuel market to renewable fuels, because it has to date been completely dominated by petroleum producers, refiners and other interests. To give obligated parties an opportunity to opt out because they are unwilling to meet their obligations under the RFS undermines the whole program.
As discussed in question 3, the oil industry supported development of the RIN market as a tool to help meet its obligations in a flexible and cost-effective manner.Obligated parties have had more than five years to begin establishing the infrastructure necessary to distribute RFS-mandated biofuel volumes, but have taken few steps to do so. Congress should therefore resist all efforts by obligated parties to reduce RFS obligations based on the RIN market. Any concession by Congress to accommodate these assertions regarding the RIN market will only serve to embolden obligated parties in their effort to resist compliance with the RFS.
7. Is the RFS incentivizing refiners to make less gasoline available to the American market, either through increased exports or reduced refinery production? If so, can anything be done to address this?
The RFS is not incentivizing refiners to make less gasoline available to the American market, either through increased exports or reduced refinery production. U.S. exports of refined fuels have been growing in recent years with finished transportation fuel becoming America's top export (measured in dollars) for the first time in 2011, well before the rise in RIN prices or the argument that the RFS obligations were the cause for increased exports. In 2011, the U.S. consumed 18.8 million barrels a day of petroleum products, a 9 percent decrease from 2005. At the same time, domestic production of liquid fuels increased by 24 percent from 2005 because of onshore crude oil in the lower 48 states, fuel ethanol, and natural gas liquids. As a result of lower consumption and higher production, the need for imported oil fell, from 60 percent of consumption in 2005 to 45 percent in 2011. Because of the growth in the industry, gross imports fell 17 percent from 2005, while exports increased by 150 percent beginning in 2005.[23] [25] The increase in exports is due to demand destruction in the United States and growing demand in neighboring countries as reported by the Associated Press in December 2011:
Crude oil, the raw material from which gasoline and other refined products are made is a lot more expensive. Oil prices averaged $95 a barrel in 2011, while gasoline averaged $3.52 a gallon – a [then] record. A decade ago oil averaged $26 a barrel, while gasoline averaged $1.44 a gallon.
The volume of fuel exports is rising. The U.S. is using less fuel because of a weak economy and more efficient cars and trucks. That allows refiners to sell more fuel to rapidly growing economies in Latin America for example. In 2011, U.S. refiners exported 117 million gallons per day of gasoline, diesel, jet fuel and other petroleum products, up from 40 million gallons per day a decade earlier.[24] [26]
According to API, in 2012, fuel and other petroleum products were a significant part of U.S. exports, as measured in dollars, at $117 billion. While API suggested that an increased use of biofuels was a factor, they again identified the same culprits as in 2011, a lagging economy and more fuel efficient cars. API went on to point out that in addition to the external factors, the industry chooses to export gasoline for a variety of factors. Primarily, many East Coast refineries (PADD I) are having difficulty remaining competitive, especially given the relatively high crude oil costs and competition from foreign refiners. They also note that it is more economical to export excess production of gasoline in the Gulf refineries (PADD III) overseas than to ship gasoline from the Gulf to areas like the northeast, which can get gasoline from Europe or Canada at a lower cost.[25] [27] Because of increased domestic production, refiners areenjoying robust crack spreads, benefitting from comparatively stronger margins than others.[26] [28]
These increases reflect obligated parties' greatest problem: they are facing a shrinking domestic market, even as export markets provide growth opportunities, due to demand for their primary product, transportation fuel.
American consumers have drastically cut back on driving over the past several years due to high and unpredictable gas prices, which have followed unstable international oil prices. At the same time, the oil industry has sponsored a myth-filled public relations campaign to destroy demand for alternative fuels.[27] [29] In 2012, the average U.S. household spent $257 more on transportation fuel than in 2011 – even while driving substantially fewer miles. The 3.3 percent increase in gasoline prices in 2012 outpaced the 2.9 percent average growth in American's incomes, compounding a multiyear trend of fuel prices outpacing use and income growth.[28] [30]
A recent national opinion poll conducted by Research Now found that more than half of Americans plan to find additional ways to cut back on driving if fuel prices spike again. A majority of those surveyed (55%) ranked "taking fewer road trips to visit friends and family" as their most likely sacrifice in the face of rising fuel prices.[29] [31]
Fuel price spikes both decrease demand for fuel and stall economic growth as America continues to recover from its economic recession. The 30 percent increase in the price of oil from October 2011 through April 2012 adversely affected household budgets and likely contributed to a slow rate of increase in consumer spending.[30] [32] According to Dean Maki, chief United States economist at Barclays Capital, a $10 increase in the price of oil shaves about two-tenths of a percentage point off America's growth rate and raises unemployment by one-tenth of a percentage point.[31] [33] Another study has shown that 10 of the 11 U.S. recessions since World War I have been preceded by significant oil price spikes.[32] [34]
The U.S. petroleum refining industry over many years consolidated operations in the Southern United States to take advantage of growing export markets and to handle heavier, sour imported crude oil. This consolidation left them poorly positioned to efficiently handle the recent boom in shale oil production in Midwest and Northeast states. Further, despite the continued projected growth in oil production in the United States[33] [35], oil is traded on a global market and prices will still be affected by international events.[34] [36] As long as oil is tied to the global market, U.S. production will not be enough to offset shocks in the global market, leaving American consumers, and the U.S. economy, vulnerable to any rise in oil prices.
Implementing the RFS has certainly been a complex and challenging effort for the EPA. However, despite some setbacks and delays, in BIO's view, the EPA has provided consistent and carefully balanced implementation of the RFS that has provided advanced biofuel developers and investors with the confidence needed to take financial risks and begin multi-year efforts to commercialize advanced and cellulosic fuels. EPA has the flexibility in setting annual RVOs to include input from producers along with other resources in addition to EIA evaluations in setting its projections.
Hopefully these comments, along with BIO's responses to the previous four White Papers, are beneficial for the Committee as it concludes its review of the RFS andhow to address the challenges surrounding its implementation. The RFS provides exactly the type of long-term regulatory stability needed to send a signal to investors to develop a biofuels industry that lessens our dependence on foreign fuels and creates jobs in America. The single most important thing Congress can do to reduce our nation's dependence on foreign oil, create more high quality jobs, and cut pollution is to leave the RFS in place, as-is.
We are just 1/3 of the way through the timeline Congress laid out in 2007 and we must stay the course or risk losing the progress we've made. Should Congress feel compelled to act on the RFS, it should not revise the RFS but instead it should investigate the artificial barriers erected by obligated parties and, if necessary, take action to remove them to ensure that the market for transportation fuel alternatives established by the RFS is allowed to operate. Any remaining challenges to overcoming the blend wall can be addressed through the broad regulatory flexibility granted to EPA under the statute. None of these solutions require changes to the RFS.
Brent Erickson
Executive Vice President
Industrial and Environmental Section
Biotechnology Industry Organization
Download BIO's comments [37] (PDF)
[1] [38]U.S. House of Representatives Energy and Commerce Committee. 7 June 2013. RENEWABLE FUEL STANDARD ASSSESSMENT WHITE PAPER: Energy Policy http://energycommerce.house.gov/sites/republicans.energycommerce.house.gov/files/analysis/20130607RFSWhitePaper4.pdf [39]
[2] [40]"The value proposition for cellulosic and advanced biofuels under the US federal renewable fuel standard." Ind. Biotech. J. 7(2), April 2011.
[3] [41]Regulation of Fuels and Fuel Additives: 2013 Renewable Fuel Standards, 78 Fed. Reg. 26, 9294 (Feb. 7, 2013), available at: http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2013-02-07/pdf/2013-02794.pdf [42].
[4] [43]U.S. Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit in API v. EPA, No. 12-1139 (D.C. Cir. January 25, 2013) http://www.cadc.uscourts.gov/internet/opinions.nsf/A57AB46B228054BD85257AFE00556B45/$file/12-1139-1417101.pdf [44]
[5] [45]Regulation of Fuels and Fuel Additives: 2013 Renewable Fuel Standards, 78 Fed. Reg. 26, 9292 (proposed Feb. 7, 2013) (to be codified at 40 C.F.R. pt. 80) (available at: http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2013-02-07/pdf/2013-02794.pdf [42]) [hereinafter The Proposed Rule].
[6] [46]'Big oil' may block branded retail blender pumps: Green Plains http://www.platts.com/RSSFeedDetailedNews/RSSFeed/Oil/8102457
[7] [47]Fill Up With Ethanol? One Obstacle is Big Oil, http://online.wsj.com/article/SB117547886199856472.html [48]
[8] [49]Trade group requests U.S. probe of oil industry's efforts to impede renewable fuels, http://eenews.net/eenewspm/2013/03/19/archive/9?terms=RFA%2C+ConocoPhillips [50]
[9] [51]RFS Renewable Identification Number (RIN) Quality Assurance Program; Proposed Rule (Feb. 21, 2013), 78 Fed. Reg. 35, p.12162.
[10] [52]Comment submitted by Alfonse Mannato, American Petroleum Institute (API), on the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Proposed Rule: Regulation of Fuels and Fuel Additives: Renewable Fuel Standard Program, November 12, 2006.http://www.regulations.gov/#!documentDetail;D=EPA-HQ-OAR-2005-0161-0185 [53].
[11] [54]Comment submitted by Bob Slaughter, National Petrochemical & Refiners Association (NPRA). November 9, 2006.http://www.regulations.gov/#!documentDetail;D=EPA-HQ-OAR-2005-0161-0170 [55].
[12] [56]RFS Renewable Identification Number (RIN) Quality Assurance Program; Proposed Rule (Feb. 21, 2013), 78 Fed. Reg. 35, p.12169, "Note that the components proposed for monitoring, whether on an ongoing or periodic basis, are components that are already regulated under the RFS program."
[13] [57]Ibid. p.12160 and p.12163.
[14] [58]Regulation of Fuels and Fuel Additives: Changes to Renewable Fuel Standard Program; Final Rule, (March 26, 2010) Fed.Reg. Vol. 75, No. 58, II.I.3, p.14727.
[15] [59]U.S. Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit in API v. EPA, No. 12-1139 (D.C. Cir. January 25, 2013) http://www.cadc.uscourts.gov/internet/opinions.nsf/A57AB46B228054BD85257AFE00556B45/$file/12-1139-1417101.pdf [44]
[16] [60]Energy Information Administration, Today In Energy, "What caused the run-up in ethanol RIN prices during early 2013?", June 13, 2013, at http://www.eia.gov/todayinenergy/detail.cfm?id=11671 [61].
[17] [62]Notice of Decision Regarding Requests for a Waiver of the Renewable Fuel Standard (Nov. 27, 2012), 77 Fed. Reg. 228, (available at: http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2012-11-27/html/2012-28586.htm [63])
[18] [64]Regulation of Fuels and Fuel Additives: 2013 Renewable Fuel Standards; Proposed Rule (Feb. 7, 2013), Fed.Reg. Vol. 78, No. 26.
[19] [65]OPIS Ethanol & Biodiesel Information Service, July 22, 2013 • Volume 10, Issue 29, p.4.
[20] [66]Ibid.
[21] [67]"The value proposition for cellulosic and advanced biofuels under the US federal renewable fuel standard." Ind. Biotech. J. 7(2), April 2011.
[22] [68]Environmental Protection Agency, EPA Moderated Transaction System (EMTS) data, http://www.epa.gov/otaq/fuels/rfsdata/2013emts.htm [69].
[23] [70]U.S. Oil Imports and Exports, Congressional Research Service, April 4, 2012
[24] [71]Chris Kahn, In a first, gas and other fuels are top US export, Associated Press, December 31, 2011, available at: http://news.yahoo.com/first-gas-other-fuels-top-us-export-200739553.html [72]
[25] [73]EnergyAPI, U.S. Petroleum Exports and related Issues, June 6, 2013, available at: http://www.api.org/policy-and-issues/policy-items/keystone-xl/~/media/Files/Policy/Keystone-XL-Pipeline/Exports-talking-points-6-6-13.ashx [74]
[26] [75] Edgar Ang, "Major Gasoline Retailers Ranking In Profits from Lucrative RINs Sales." Oil Price Information Services, July 17, 2013.
[27] [76]Brad Mallory, "Ad Against Ethanol Causes Controversy." Keloland Television, July 17, 2013. http://www.keloland.com/newsdetail.cfm/ad-against-ethanol-causes-controv... [77].
[28] [78]U.S. Energy Information Administration, U.S. household expenditures for gasoline account for nearly 4% of pretax income, February 4, 2013, at http://www.eia.gov/todayinenergy/detail.cfm?id=9831 [79]
[29] [80]Lorraine Mirabella, "Consumers cut family activities when gas prices rise, poll shows." Baltimore Sun, June 26, 2013. http://articles.baltimoresun.com/2013-06-26/business/bal-consuming-consu... [81]
[30] [82]U.S. Energy Information Administration, Petroleum; Weekly Spot Price, July 2012, at http://www.eia.gov/dnav/pet/hist/LeafHandler.ashx?n=PET&s=RCLC1&f=D [83]
[31] [84]New York Times, Rising Oil Prices Pose new threat to U.S. Economy, February 24, 2011, at http://www.nytimes.com/2011/02/25/business/economy/25econ.html?_r=0 [85]
[32] [86]Resources for the Future, Reassessing the Oil Security Premium, Stephen P.A. Bran and Hillard G. Huntington, February 20120, at http://www.rff.org/RFF/Documents/RFF-DP-10-05.pdf [87]
[33] [88]U.S. Energy Information Administration, U.S. Field Production of Crude Oil, at http://www.eia.gov/dnav/pet/hist/leafhandler.ashx?n=pet&s=mcrfpus1&f=m [89]
[34] [90]U.S. House of Representative's Energy and Commerce Committee, RENEWABLE FUEL STANDARD ASSESSMENT WHITE PAPER: Energy Policy, June 7, 2013, p. 3 at http://energycommerce.house.gov/sites/republicans.energycommerce.house.gov/files/analysis/20130607RFSWhitePaper4.pdf [39]