text:
No war should be forgotten
As World War II began to fall into the history books, a Korean conflict sprang from its ashes. The U.S. was shifting its focus onto a bitter division in Asia and the threat of a red Russia. Affected was the political scene of the 1950s.
From 1945 to 1950, the Soviet Union and the U.S. were in a stalemate over hemispheric dominance and anti-Communism. Korea was at its center, literally and figuratively, bisected on maps by the 38th parallel. The north half of the country began to organize a militia, with the Soviets whispering in their ears and selling it arms. In the South, the U.S. struggled with weak forces and a populace that wasn't fond of them as the occupying force that had replaced Japanese domination. The country was cracking.
As the new decade started, Henry Daley Jr. was still a high school sophomore at Phoenix Technical School. After his basketball team played the season's last game, Henry and a few friends decided to drop out of school. They were going to enlist in the military. It seemed like something fun to do. So young Henry filled out his paperwork and brought it home for his parents to sign. It wasn't an easy task.
His mother was not happy. World War II had just ended. She'd been through the agony of her husband landing at Normandy and battling across Europe. He was captured during the Battle of the Bulge and became a POW. He had made it home. Her brother was not as lucky.
But her husband stood up for his son's decision. "You're missin' a lot of school." He turned to her, "The Army will make a man out of him."
Eventually they signed the papers. During the discussion, it had never crossed either parent's mind that Henry Daley Jr. was 16. He had changed his birthday to be accepted legally into the Army. Recruiters didn't seem to take notice, either.
On June 25, 1950, two months after Daley had finished his basic training and was accepted to a clerical school, Korea found itself ripping apart at the seams. North Korea, with Soviet resources, invaded the southern half. Two days later President Truman ordered air and sea support for South Korea.
In mid-November 1950 Gen. MacArthur was on a flight home. He turned to two generals seated with him, to remark, "You tell the boys that when they get to the Yalu (River) they are going home. I want to make good on my statement that they are going to eat Christmas dinner at home."1
At the start of the war, Daley was one of about 20,000 Hispanics serving in the armed forces. Within three years that number would swell to almost 148,000 Hispanic volunteers or draftees. Most would serve in the Army and Marine Corps. One largely Hispanic group was Charlie Company of the 13th Infantry Battalion in Tucson. Its men were from Arizona, Texas, New Mexico and California. Daley, though, was not with them on the front lines.
But his dream of joining them there was not so easy. He wanted to be an infantryman, just as his father. Before the U.S. entered Korea, he had already been put in a clerical school. He applied to transfer to the infantry, but was not accepted. He tried again and again. Eventually, his persistence convinced the Army to transfer him into the 25th Infantry Division in March 1953 after a short return to boot camp.
The delay may have saved him from one of the Korean War's tragedies.
All soldiers battle unseen dangers, sometimes deadly and sometimes haunting survivors across a lifetime. Soldiers in World War I were decimated by the 1918 influenza pandemic. Many Vietnam veterans came home carrying the hidden effects of Agent Orange. Desert Storm veterans struggled to gain attention and support for the little-known Gulf War syndrome.
In Korea, the men were caught in the jaws of a brutal winter. By December, MacArthur was battling criticism for thinking the war would be swift and that the boys would be home by Christmas. This comment was tragically tied to the decision not to send the men into Korea with winter gear. At night the soldiers huddled together, trying to fight off the dull pain of frostbite as the mercury was in freefall to minus-30 degrees.
When Daley stepped foot in Korea, the weather had improved only slightly. "To me the worst part was the winters there. I got there in March and it was very, very cold at the time.
"We just had World War II equipment. By that time, they had these boots that they had come out with, so I was wearing those but it was still cold.
"I had a lot of trouble with my feet. They turned sort of a grayish blackish color. I told a medic about it. He wrapped my feet up with a lot of bandage, and they started swelling up. And so I just took them off. But I never went to see a ... I never went on sick call for this reason. We'd never go on sick call, you know." Then Daley mumbles something about the risk of getting ribbed for not being macho.
But there were also moments of warmth and satisfaction. Of all places, it was on the front lines in Korea that young Daley saw a chance to finally get his high school diploma. The Army was offering G.E.D. tests. The company commander had asked one day if any of the soldiers wanted to take a shot at it.
Daley spoke up. "Yeah, I wanna try it. It's my last chance."
Five men joined him, and they were brought back to the reserves at the rear. Food was served. Beers were cracked open, and the men shook off the cold, hoping to forget their worries.
"I was the only one that passed the test. Now, some of those guys had three years high school. Not that I was smarter than them. They went through it just to relax and get something to drink and just get off the front line. That was the only reason. For once, I took something serious. And I went through it and I got my G.E.D."
Post member Tony Valenzuela remembered that following his friend into the service would take him to the Korean War,
"I came to ASU in 1948, that was before the Korean War... I had two years of college, started my third year. And one of my best buddies, he wasn't cuttin' it. He decided he was gonna quit and go in the Air Force. I said, 'Nooo! What the hell you gonna...' He said, 'I already enlisted.'"
Two weeks later Valenzuela enlisted in the Air Force. He trained as an electronics specialist, repairing aircraft equipment and occasionally testing it while the pilot took the plane up into the clouds. It was job that would take him some place he hadn't expected when the base loudspeaker called out his name.
"Sgt. Valenzuela. Show up at Ops with your gear."
Valenzuela quickly walked into the operations area reporting for duty. The commanding officer spoke. "You're going on a mission." Valenzuela had never trained as a pilot, but he knew the equipment, and that was enough.
Valenzuela accepted his new role. "Holy Christ! So I did. I made several (missions). Never scared the hell out of me at all. It was an adventure! We'd go out. Five or six of us go... three of us come back."
In July word came that a cease-fire agreement was about to be signed. Henry Daley would always remember the day. "It was my wife's birthday. Well it was my girlfriend's birthday then. It ended on July 27. So I remember it for that day and everything. Of course at the same time you were happy to hear that the war was over."
Three months later, 20-year-old Henry Daley Jr. arrived in California. In a hurry to get home, he took a plane to Phoenix. He saw no ticker-tape parades. No celebrity veterans were honored for their impossible tales of bravery. "Coming home at that time during the Korean War, there was no fanfare going or leaving, like there is now. You just came home. Nobody noticing, other than your family.
"Nobody even knew you were gone. ... There was hardly anything in the papers. There was nothing on TV about the war. I just noticed there was no response. No emotion. No nothing by the people. It was just somewhere you went and then came back. The people who served and were involved in it and had family, and those were the ones that knew about it. It really is a forgotten war. To this day I still feel that way."2
The Korean War would, indeed, be largely forgotten between those of World War II and Vietnam. During the Korean War, nine Hispanics would receive the Medal of Honor and more than 100 more received Distinguished Service Crosses and Silver Stars for their bravery in combat.
Two days after Henry Daley, Jr. came home, there was a knock at his door. Pipa Fuentes had come to sign Daley up as a Post 41 member, and refusal was not an option. "Here's your card. Now sign it, and give me $2."
A veteran in every house
The tall, imposing rebel priest, Father Albert Braun, had survived numerous Japanese prison camps and was freed by American forces on Aug. 29, 1945, after the atomic bomb ended the war. He returned to the U.S., gaunt and tired. New aches spread through his aging legs. After visiting his former congregation, the Mescalaro Apaches of New Mexico, Braun took one final military assignment in Hawaii before retiring from the Army. It was 1949. He was as strong-willed and stubborn as ever.
The Catholic Church sent Braun to Phoenix. He took a teaching job at St. Mary's High School. He soon quit so he could minister to barrios in South Phoenix, more specifically the Golden Gate community.
When Braun came to South Phoenix, he found a community of aging houses with dirt floors lining dusty roads. Some families pulled water from old wells. No street lights graced the skies and no sewers ran underground. Contamination of the land was tragic, made worse by the industrial centers surrounding the neighborhoods and the city storm drains that had spewed storm water and untreated sewage into South Phoenix since the 1890s.3
In 1952, the closest church was Immaculate Heart of Mary on 9th Street and Washington. Built in 1928 after the community had been forced to worship in the basement of St. Mary's church, it was the first church built before the turn of the 20th century. But Golden Gate needed its own house of worship. Many residents had no car and there was no bus service to much of South Phoenix.
When Braun began his Sunday sermons, they were under a makeshift ramada. His weathered face showed every bit of his 65 rugged years in the dry air. He read bible passages under the thatched roof of brittle palm fronds as people fanned themselves with Bibles and empty hands. It was as elegant a church as the barrio could afford.
The congregation was slow to accept him. But when he proposed they build their own church, their skeptical faces lit with interest. For Father Braun, it was not a new proposal. Thirty years before he had helped the Mescalero Apaches in New Mexico build a church with only the materials of the area. Soon he was raising churches and eyebrows in South Phoenix.
Over the next two years, Golden Gate residents met Braun's challenge and the walls of Sacred Heart Church rose. In April 1954, the first baptism was held before the roof had been raised. Along the way, Braun secretly set aside bricks to build a parochial school. When the school's construction was done, he joyously announced its completion to the Catholic Diocese. Despite the surprise and displeasure of diocesan officials, this defiant man of God didn't stop there.
His involvement in the community was local legend. He was not afraid to get down into the dirt with his congregation. If a wife needed her drunk husband at home, Father Braun walked into the bar and dragged the man out.
He smuggled stolen goods back into the stores they were lifted from to save a young sinner from his crime. With smiles, community members remember the night a gang hung out near his chapel. Through the night they made noise, despite his verbal warnings to stop. Not one to shy away from confrontation, he stepped into the fray, tightened his fists and swung. The gang dispersed.4
By the time his health forced him to retire in 1962, Braun had founded three more chapels. He coerced the city into paving roads, building sidewalks, providing gas and adding a sewer system. He had even served on the Governor's Narcotics Study Committee. Crime dropped, pride lifted and seeds of a real community were sown.
But how does one man achieve this? Certainly not through his efforts alone. No individual is wholly responsible for this mid-century barrio renaissance of Phoenix, any more than Rembrandt or Da Vinci could ever be called the driving force of the European Renaissance.
Braun would go door to door and bring people to church. He knew most every household and had eaten dinner with many of them. With such a connection, he found many veterans sitting at those dinner tables. The veteran chaplain of two world wars saw immediately that almost every house in Phoenix had a veteran of the last war. Here was a connection that could be nurtured. The priest joined Post 41 and the legend grew bigger.5
Before long, Father Braun could be found at Post 41 most evenings, draining more than a few glasses of beer with his fellow veterans after a day of fighting for his community's needs. Barry Goldwater was one of those fights. It was not uncommon to hear the two clash at city council meetings in a bout of colorful language.
In the late 1950s, Goldwater stepped into the post and walked briskly up to the Ronda Room bar. He had just come from city hall where he had been verbally ripped apart by Braun, who was demanding amenities for his community. Goldwater slid onto a bar stool. "I sure need a good strong drink. That Father Albert Braun just damn near ripped me apart!"
A shot of whiskey was set in front of him.
Then the room brightened with sunlight as the front door opened. Looking up, Goldwater saw the good father walk in. Not wanting to suffer more, he slid his drink off the bar and attempted to head for a dark corner.
"Barry, I saw you!" the priest bellowed. "You know what? I'm gonna have one, too."
Whether the future senator wanted company or not, Braun joined the politician. They traded shots of whiskey through the night, and out of arguments, a friendship was born.
Many a night, joined by Pipa and others, the men could be seen in a dark corner, talking politics, arguing about the community's needs, fighting over the value of worker's unions or laughing at jokes as they lifted another glass. It was here that Braun was known to whisper -- and often yell -- his community's needs into the ears of men who could do something about it.
With a commanding priest and respected politician at its side, Post 41 had become well-connected to the city's heartbeat. With close-knit friendships among the veterans, the church, activists and families, the barrio was pulling itself up and out of the dust. Communities that always had to provide for themselves now began to assert themselves. At last the barrios of South Phoenix were becoming a unified community and tearing down segregation.
Thunderbird Post 41 was also gaining national attention as one of the better known American Legion posts. By 1954, Ray Martinez had served as commander of the American Legion Department of Arizona and been named as the national representative of the American Legion Child Welfare Program.6 That year, Ray would even make a bid to the state senate.
When he failed to win the election, he decided he'd rather help others, and not run for office again. His daugher, Norma Keirmeyr, remembers one of her father's quips, "If dogs and kids could vote, I"d be president."
The post was becoming a voting force of which the new charter government had noticed. With help, of course, from Barry Goldwater. He had asked Ray Martinez for advice on winning the Hispanic vote if he should run for office. Ray told Goldwater that if he joined Post 41, he would have that vote. Goldwater's growing affection for the Mexican American post would soon lead to an honorary lifetime membership bestowed on him, whether he wanted it or not.
During a 2006 interview, Lencho Othon remembered the events surrounding the honor. Goldwater was persistent about refusing to be repaid for money he'd given the post.
"He used to come down and walk around, look around and do things for the post. As a matter of fact, when we were building a second addition to the post, Barry loaned us ... he gave us, I think it was about $3,500, which was a heck of a lot of money at that time for the refrigeration unit we wanted to put in there. We didn't have the money. So he gave us a check for $3,500 so that we would continue with the project. Later on I started a bingo program with the intent of making enough money to pay back Barry Goldwater ... which we did, after a year or two...
"He became a life member a little bit later because at that time we presented a check to him, and ... he said, 'we didn't give you a loan.' He says 'that was our contribution to the post.' So he wouldn't accept the check. So I told his wife that it will make the boys feel better if he would accept it. But Barry go ahead and take the check. Right about that time he was made a life member of the post.
"But about a couple of weeks later, we got a check in the mail for, I think it was close to $3,500 or something like that as a donation. So what are you going to do?"7
Barry's wife had sent the money back. The post decided to make him an honorary member. It was all it could do.
Goldwater had certainly earned the honor for his support and for the many nights of camaraderie drinking with his post friends. He also gave them an ear and an in-road to the political halls of Phoenix. But as Barry Goldwater's political star continued to rise, he decided to run for the U.S. Senate and those friendships became more distant. Soon enough, though, more of them would find themselves decision-makers in those same halls.
The failure of commission
Politics were not only changing nationally. There would also be a political shift in Phoenix, and Post 41 found itself involved with the city's inner workings.
In its earliest years, Phoenix had been a mayor/city council system. In August 1913, this changed to a city manager/city commission system. Unlike the old process that elected representatives from each of its wards, the new commission members would from then on be elected "at-large."
This effectively robbed poorer wards of any say in city decisions, a result that was acknowledged and desired by defenders of the new system. As secretary of the Phoenix Good Government League, R.L. Dyer noted at a meeting in February 1914, "The Third and Fourth wards (both in South Phoenix) are composed of people who do not meet the high ideals of those here present."8
Throughout the 1930s and well into the 1940s, Phoenix politics slipped quietly into corruption: "the home of some of the wildest political manipulations imaginable, a curious combination of big city bossism and old west frontierism."9 With World War II, then the return of soldiers and loss of military work contracts, the city seemed in a constant shifting confusion. Local government struggled to keep up with the needs, services, changing factions and backroom deals that plagued it daily.
With Democrats in complete power during the 1940s, they became the "force to copy." Alliances were made with the party, regardless of one's difference in political beliefs. These connections were in turn used to secure elections and legislation that met their needs -- with the freedom of a non-partisan election system.
But by 1945, Phoenix had become mired in its political disasters, prostitution rings, union strikes and deteriorating slums. The at-large system had fallen far short of the lofty ideals Phoenix needed as it grew. Its supporters committed the sorts of sins they had suggested only the impoverished southern half of town would create.
With the end of World War II, veterans returned to the Valley, and war-time workers settled into new jobs in the growing city. Its population began a sharp growth. John F. Long and Del Webb, who had started his business with government construction contracts such as the Harry S. Córdova project, were now building a new housing trend. Their ideas would soon create a nation of suburbia and urban sprawl. And, as a baby boom generation began to take its first steps, the homes were being filled as fast as they were built.
To politicians, this population growth translated into something simple: thousands of new voters. In Phoenix, a new elite coalition, called the Charter Government Committee, would be formed of conservative Democrats and the growing Republican Party. At the start of the 1950s this group was poised to take advantage of the blundering city government, to seize control and right their sinking ship. Through this storm of political and cultural activity, several Latino leaders would find their way into power. Just as Danny Rodriguez had told his niece by Tempe Beach Pool, times were indeed changing.
A change of politics
In 1946, a new man was put in charge of the city of Phoenix, Mayor Ray Busey. The following year he announced a plan to revise the city's charter, as he strongly opposed the non-partisan politics that had become the norm in Phoenix. His plan would eliminate the at-large election system that had excluded poorer regions three decades before. This unpopular change upset many politicians, and they united against him almost as soon as he had been elected. Mayor Busey was quickly left out of the city's loop, in a political freefall, made easier when he became sick and recovered at home from an operation.10
But before Busey fell entirely out of power, he struck back by creating the Charter Government Committee (CGC) to study city government and suggest charter revisions and reforms so his goals could be realized. Forty prominent citizens were asked to join the committee. One was a prominent businessman and veteran from South Phoenix: Barry Goldwater.
Goldwater had grown up in South Phoenix, the son of a well-known local mercantile family. The future Sky Harbor Airport was a cabbage field he would land on while teaching himself to fly shaky, primitive airplanes. By the late 1940s, he was one of Arizona's most celebrated pilots, along with Frank Luke. But in 1948, with the creation of the CGC, he was willingly thrust into local politics.11
Mayor Busey had set the stage but his creation, the CGC, had a mind of its own. Busey found the CGC quickly serving its own desires. Ray Busey lost the 1948 election to Nicholas Udall, a member of the CGC, who had run his campaign on claims he would restore the city to political calm waters. Once in office, Udall unwisely resigned from the CGC and quickly found the committee uncontrollable as well.
Unfettered, the Charter Government Committee plugged away at its work, as the new mayor found his control of city politics bogged down by the same back-door deals gone bad and political backstabbing that had plagued Busey.
In February 1951, sensing they could take control of the city, 30 of the original CGC members began planning their own vision of the future. For several months, they plotted a re-election strategy that would include showing their opponents links to the sinister politics of the 1930s and 40s, but also showing the modern successes of the city council.
To appeal to the voting public, they attempted to seed the city council with nominees that could be seen as every-men, and not elite businessmen. Their star nominee was E.H. Braatelien, a member of the local plumber's union. He felt that Phoenix was "being ruled and dictated to by people from the Country Club." The opposition responded in kind, when men such as Gus Rodriguez, a native of Mexico, and auto body shop owner, ran for office; and Charles Romaine, a retired railroad conductor and security guard.
The CGC's effort had nose-dived miserably; it lost in a 4-to-1 landslide.
Then, in the blur of one year, three of the most prominent charter office holders resigned -- Mayor Udall, Harry Rosenszweig and Barry Goldwater, who had decided to run for the senate. Jack Williams was selected. The Charter Government Committee swiftly retooled its plan and decided to try again in the summer of 1953.
The CGC, a predictably white elite selected by Mayor Busey, decided to break new ground and broaden the "every-man" tactic. It made a bold move across ethnic boundaries, and asked Adam Diaz to try his hand at campaigning.
First Hispanic council member
When Adam Diaz was 14 and about to enter high school, his father died. His mother had weathered riots, Mexican rebellions and the bullets of Porfirio Diaz with her husband in 1906. She had managed to escape to Flagstaff and have her first child with him in 1909, young Adam. But now, she had to survive alone with five children and no money. She had helped raise money by selling enchiladas and tamales to build the new Immaculate Heart of Mary Church. But raising a family was different. So Adam left behind his education and found a job delivering messages and medicine by bicycle -- at a nickel per delivery.
The following year, after a brief time delivering messages for Western Union, he became an elevator operator at the new Luhrs Building. The faces of white politicians and businessmen would pass him every day, heading to and from the meetings that made Phoenix. After Adam took a few accounting classes at a business school, George Luhrs offered him a job as a building manager and bookkeeper. Diaz found himself talking to these prominent personalities in the hotel's club, and he slowly became one of George Luhrs' most favored and dependable employees.
In 1929, Diaz stood facing his bride, Feliz, under the roof of the church his mother's tamales had helped build. Flush with the possibilities of a new life together, they bought a new home at 25th Street and Monte Vista Road. But when community Anglos harrassed Diaz and his new family, Feliz asked that they move for the safety of their children. They moved to Grant Park. He already had the memories of being forced to take his first holy communion in the basement of St. Mary's church while he heard the excitement and music as Anglo children celebrated above.
Adam might have stayed in the neighborhood, but his wife was not willing to risk life in a place they weren't welcome. They moved into the Grant Park neighborhood. As a teen pedaling messages around town, he had seen the lush green lawns and beautiful suburbs. Now he found he wasn't welcome to enjoy them for himself.
With the fire of his parents' revolution in his blood and the taste of segregation on his lips, he became active in his new community. From 1930 on, Diaz was intricately involved with local Mexican American organizations. He also fought to bring improvements to his barrio, improve education and help provide jobs.
During World War II, Diaz saw many of his neighbors from the south barrios of Phoenix in the Luhrs Building. As a member of the Arizona National Guard, he assumed he would be sent to fight after Pearl Harbor. But he was spared from the battlefield and given the task of recruiting young soldiers. He oversaw the largest induction center, set up downtown in the Luhrs Building. It was close enough for Latinos to enlist without venturing into the north half of the city.
With the end of World War II, Diaz stepped in to help an organization that had been close to his heart since its earliest days. In 1925, while delivering messages around town on his bicycle, a 14-year-old Adam Diaz saw a different world, north of Van Buren. Neighborhoods spread out before him into manicured lawns with fancy cars and clean streets. He dreamed of this new life.
There was one place that helped Latinos improve their lives; the Friendly House. Between deliveries, Adam pedaled off in search of the Friendly House. Soon he was walking up the sagging steps of a worn out old home and through the front door. He wanted advice on finding better employment.
"And I remember what Mrs. Green told me. She said immigrants needed to know how to make their own living. Learn to do a job that would keep them off the welfare cycle."12
More than 20 years later he took over the board of Friendly House. In 1949, the building had not improved. Faced with a leaky roof and a building that was falling apart, Diaz acted quickly. He approached New York Giants owner Horace Stoneham and suggested a benefit baseball game to help Friendly House.
Stoneham was impressed with the idea, but Diaz had to provide the other team. With the help of ballplayer Marin "Mike" de la Fuente, he "scrounged the best players Mexico had and the game was a sell-out."
On hand were the St. Mary's High school band and the Post 41 color guard. Luke-Greenway Post 1 arrived with its drum and bugle corps, and from Nogales came a singing trio and a mariachi band. Both Mayor Nicholas Udall and and Gov. Dan Garvey were joined by the Mexican Consul, Jesus Franco.
The exhibition game raised $10,000. With that and a bank loan, Friendly House had a new building. Thunderbird Post 41 agreed to share its brand new parking lot, with a little convincing from Diaz.13
Through such involvement in the community and after years of hobnobbing with elite Anglos at the Arizona Club on the 10th floor of the Luhrs Building, it's no wonder the charter commission approached him with an idea.
Adam Diaz wasn't simply a good fundraiser. He had also become a trusted leader in his community. He was a property manager of George Luhrs' hotel, and an honorary member of American Legion Post 41. He had organized the first Parent-Teacher Association in his community.14 He knew influential Mexican American publishers and activists such as Pedro Garcia a de La Lama and Jesus Melendrez. Adam Diaz seemed to have been bred for political office. Barry Goldwater hand-picked him to join the 1953 ballot. The candidates and their campaign leader were announced in the summer of 1953.15
Adam Diaz was one of seven candidates the CGC had pinned its hopes on. The other names were Margaret Kober, John F. Sullivan, Clarence H. Shivers, Wesley Johnson, Newton Rosenszweig for councilmen and Frank G. Murphy for mayor.
The CGC ticket was off to a running start, benefiting from the late entry in the race by its opponent, the Economy ticket, three weeks before election day.16
The two opposing tickets met for a debate on Nov. 6 in which Diaz was cited by the Arizona Republic as saying, "There are rumors that if some of the opposition and their supporters have made promises that if they are elected the town will be opened up." This led to a libel case against Eugene Pulliam's Phoenix Newspapers that would not be decided until 1957. The claim was that the newspaper implied Diaz's comment meant the Economy ticket would turn a blind eye to prostitution.17
Then, in a blur, the election was over four days later with 11,431 votes cast for Adam Diaz. It was enough to put him in the win column.
On Nov. 10, 1953, 43-year-old Adam Diaz walked onto the political stage as Arizona's first Mexican American city council member. Since Adam Diaz's tenure, there would be six more Latinos elected to the Phoenix City Council: Valdemar Córdova (1955-57); Dr. Ray M. Pisano (1962-63); Frank Benites (1967-69) Armando de Leon (1970-74); Rosendo Gutierrez (1976-80); and Mary Rose Wilcox (1982-90).
Just as swiftly as the run for office had taken Diaz onto the city council, he stepped down. At the end of his term, he decided not to seek re-election because his work was demanding too much of his time. Later he would admit he'd stepped out of the race, "because I felt ill at ease sitting on the council. I believed I lacked the education."
But it would not be the end of his endeavors. Diaz quickly found his way back to community involvement. He helped found an organization called LEAP (Leadership and Education for the Advancement of Phoenix) and joined the Phoenix Elementary School's Board of Trustees. He also would serve on the board of directors for Friendly House, the Urban League, Chicanos Por La Causa and the National Conference of Christians and Jews. He was also a member of the Aging Services Commission.
Educating equally
While the barrios waited for their young men to pass safely through the rigors of the Korean War, they found their younger children struggling to gain a fair education. Despite the fight against Japanese, Nazis and a super-race ideology, the Anglo community seemed to continue its own form of racial elitism in classrooms across Arizona.
The divisions started early in life, namely at school. Hispanic and Black children were separated in classrooms across the U.S. Yet, like slow dominoes, the nation's segregated areas were beginning to fall and build the argument for a landmark case, Brown v. Board of Education.
As early as 1930, Mexican Americans fought for their equality in schools. Independent School District v. Salvatierra was a Del Rio, Texas, case in which a town's school board was sued on the grounds that Mexican American students were not being afforded the same resources given to white students. The district judge ruled in favor of Salvatierra and the Latino students, but the decision was overturned by the state's higher courts on the grounds that there was not sufficient evidence of discrimination in separating the children.
In 1945, the first blow was truly struck by an 8-year-old Mexican girl -- Silvia Mendez -- in Westminster, Calif. Mendez v. Westminster gained support from a lawyer named Thurgood Marshall, who filed an amicus curiae brief. A year later, the case would lead to federal Judge Paul J. McCormick using the Fourteenth Amendment to repeal segregation.18
Arizona had earned the worst of reputations for segregation in its school systems. American Indian school segregation was made possible by their relative confinement to reservations and by boarding schools such as The Phoenix Indian School. Arizona legislated some of the most severe segregation of African Americans out of any state in the Rocky Mountains or Pacific West. The educational segregation of Mexican Americans up until the 1940s may not have been as heavily legislated, but it was certainly a de facto practice across the state.19
In Phoenix, the struggle wasn't simply for students' rights, nor always in the most obvious places. One veteran, Ray Flores, found his options as a teacher narrowed when looking for employment. After being refused at Anglo schools, he approached Washington Carver High school, a local all-Black school. Even they refused him employment. But this time, he chose to fight minority separation for the right to teach there.
In 1950, Flores became the first Mexican American teacher at Carver High. And the first Mexican American teacher in the Phoenix Union High School District.
As school segregation began to die out, Carver High School closed in 1954. Another member of Post 41 would play a key role in that fall.
A student's request
Throughout the early 1940s, Guy Acuff, principal of Cashion Grammar School, would write numerous articles in the Westside Enterprise paper, his words often skewering the status quo of racially-biased education.
In October 1943, a principal in Tolleson drew Acuff's attention. One year after his new promotion, Principal Kenneth R. Dyer was making big changes. He published an article in the Westside Enterprise describing how school overcrowding had made his classrooms inefficient and difficult in which to teach. He went on to explain how he had begun to shrink class sizes by putting Mexican children in a separate schoolhouse until they were done with sixth grade. Before this change, the two groups sat separated in one classroom.
Frustrated with Tolleson Grammar School's new segregation of Mexican children for six years, Acuff wrote an open letter in response to Dyer's article to ask, "Is Mr. Dyer's scheme (of segregating classes) merely an administrative convenience or has there been an overall gain in citizenship training as a result?"
He continued to add subtle venom. "Are Mexican American children basically so different from other children that they require specially trained teachers to handle them after they learn English? Will not six years of segregation intensify any antagonistic feelings Mexican children have for children of other parentage?"
It wasn't the first time school segregation had been challenged. At the turn of the century Arizona's Joseph H. Kibbey tried to stop the developing policies of separating Black and brown children from whites. In 1909, as governor of Arizona, he vetoed new legislation to segregate schools, only to see his veto overridden by the state legislature. He went on to serve as attorney for a Phoenix African American family hoping to fight segregation on the claim it did not provide equal educational opportunity for all Arizonans. He won in Maricopa County Superior Court. Then his case was overturned by the Arizona Supreme Court. Kibbey died in 1924, unable to stop the divisive practices he detested.
Kibbey may not have succeeded, but Acuff's concerns would soon receive needed attention.
The Tolleson Grammar School's new Mexican schoolhouse was built at old army barracks north of Van Buren in the West Valley. The original school was a sturdy red brick building on the south side of Van Buren.
One 15-year-old student, Juan Camacho, was not pleased. He decided to take action in 1948. At first the boy tried alone and found no traction in his cause. He needed help. Angelita Fuentes Contreras, Patsy Murrietta and Guadalupe Ramirez Favela, together with Camacho, managed to arrange three entirely unsuccessful meetings with Dyer. The young man still needed more help.20
In 1949, he convinced Faustino Curiel Sr., Porfirio Gonzalez, Joe Gonzales (no relation), Isuaro "Chago" Favela, Trinidad Gem Jr., Manuel Peña Sr. and his son, "Lito" Peña Jr., to get involved.
By 1950, they had formed a group called the Movimiento Unido Mexicano (the first of several names). John Camacho was elected president, and "Lito" Peña and Faustino Buriel were part of the Committee for Better Citizenship united forces.
Lito had seen some success already battling the Valley's education system as a member of Post 41. When the post was swamped with complaints in 1947 about overcrowding and double sessions in schools across South Phoenix, post members decided to jump into the fray and find the source of the problem. When they found an unequal distribution of tax levy money, they clashed twice with special interest groups before successfully getting the funds released and spent to help the suffering schools.
In December, Peña, Camacho and several members of the farming community spoke with Kenneth Dyer and the Tolleson Elementary School Board. The problem seemed to reach an easy resolution when a promise was finally made to eliminate segregation by September.
But in a follow-up meeting the men were told that no such promise had been made and that "if they had, they certainly didn't mean it."21
To be better positioned in helping the district, and because Post 41 was overwhelmed with its own obligations at the time, Lito applied for his own post; Post 51 of Tolleson. He was made commander, and meetings were held to plan an attack on segregation.
In February 1950, young Juan Camacho's group signed and sent a letter to Arizona Sen. Carl Hayden in Washington. In the letter they detailed the steps they had taken.22
A lawsuit was filed in the name of one of the Mexican American parents, Porfirio Gonzalez, claiming his children were put into a separate school because of their national origin. This was in direct violation of the Fifth Amendment of the Federal Constitution.23
The defendant named was the Tolleson Elementary School District 17 board of trustees, led by Ross L. Sheely, Frank Babcock and Principal Kenneth Dyer.24
Three people testified: Faustino Curiel Sr., Faustino Curiel Jr., (a student at the time) and Manuel "Lito" Peña Jr.
The Thurgood Marshall-supported Mendez v. Westminster School District of Orange County, decided just four years earlier, was still fresh in legal minds, and provided the basis of much of the plaintiff argument in the Tolleson case.25
In mid-November 1950, Judge David Ling was sympathetic to the plaintiff's goals:
"I think the petitioners are correct in their contention that such practices as applied to them are discriminatory. Petitioners are entitled to judgement."26 But the court rejected their argument of segregation based on nationality, but replaced it with the decision that the school district was actually segregating students by Spanish surname.
A preliminary injunction ruled "Segregation of school children in separate school buildings because of racial or national origin, as accomplished by regulations, customs and usages of respondent, constitutes a denial of the equal protection of the laws guaranteed to petitioners as citizens of the United States by the provisions of the Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution of the United States. ... A paramount requisite in the American system of public education is social equality. It must be open to all children by unified school associations, regardless of lineage."
Tolleson Elementary had to desegregate. "And they didn't. They just kept right on doing it," explains Lito Peña in a later documentary.
"So I called Judge Ling and told him that kids were still being discriminated. And he came into Tolleson and ... brought the United States Marshall with him." The men took a tour of the school district, and the next day discrimination ended.27
Unfortunately, desegregating one school did not automatically ensure the rest would follow the same path. But it did start the move toward their goal. In 1952, the Alianza Hispano-Americana's magazine reported that segregation continued throughout Arizona in places such as Glendale, Miami, Winslow and Douglas. Threats of lawsuits ensued. Glendale acquiesced swiftly by building a new integrated school before the lawsuit could come to fruition.28
Another case of segregation at a swimming pool in Winslow interrupted the Alianza's plans to continue its strategies, and the rest of Arizona schools would be slow to follow suit.
At the start of the year, Judge Ling issued his final decree on the Tolleson elementary school segregation case. Months after the January 1952 decision by Judge Ling, Brown v. Board of Education opened. On Dec. 9, in Topeka, Kan., the opening arguments of Brown v. Board of Education were begun. In the course of its proceedings it would cite the Tolleson case. But nobody was waiting for Brown v. Board of Education to be their savior.
As the watershed case continued, segregation activists in Phoenix would push another court challenge through superior court in 1953. In their case, Superior Court Judge Fred Struckmeyer declared segregation unconstitutional a full year before Brown v. Board of Education had been decided.
A new lawyer's star rises
Tolleson's problems seemed to escalate when a Mexican teenager, Jesus Hernandez, was injured by police and arrested for no apparent reason. He was on his way home from Avondale sometime after 9 p.m. Along his route, he saw police officers detaining several others. Curiosity got the best of him. He stopped to watch the commotion. Police were a common fear around Tolleson and other parts of the Valley. They had a reputation for attacking Mexicans, as if for sport.
When Hernandez was spotted, a police officer demanded he get into the police car. As he stepped into the back seat, the group that had already been detained began crying out for him not to comply. He was spooked, remembering the violent notoriety that police had earned. The young man bolted from the police car. He heard two gunshots and ran faster. No bullets ever hit him, but a stone caught his foot and sent him crashing to the ground.
Before he could get up, a police officer struck him over the head. He fell to the ground, and blood began to gush from a four-inch cut in his temple, soaking his shirt. He was taken into custody and sat in a jail cell for 13 hours. A later group of arrested Mexicans stepped into the cell and saw the red stain on his shirt, and pointed out to the guards that he was still bleeding. Finally, he was given medical attention and set free -- after his mother paid $45.29
The Tolleson Peace Court reviewed the charges made by the arresting officers and found nothing worthy of an arrest.30
Valdemar A. Córdova stepped in.
After 18 months as a POW in the German Stalag Luft 1 Berth, he had been liberated and came home with honors in 1945. He married the girl he'd fallen for in 1940, Gloria. Then a fascination with law took him to the College of Law at the University of Arizona in Tucson. There he excelled as a student, won several honors and was elected student body president in 1949. Driven by his studies, he often doubled classes to earn his degree faster. In 1950, his class sat down to take the state bar exam. Córdova finished with the second highest score of his group. In May 1950, the former POW who had grown up near the Grant Park barrio of South Phoenix graduated with a bachelor of law degree.31
After his return to Phoenix, he heard the Tolleson boy's story of police harassment. It was an opportunity to put what he had studied to the test. Valdemar Córdova partnered with attorney Gregorio Garcia to file a civil suit.
Córdova and Garcia's civil suit was a success, aided by the absence of Tolleson's presiding justice of the peace. Another, more sympathetic justice from Glendale was called in and ruled that the police officers who had arrested Hernandez would pay $1,000 to Jesus for his damages.32
Soon after successfully winning his case in Tolleson, Valdemar Córdova, the activist's son and legal advisor to Post 41, would step beyond the realm of lawyers and eventually onto the judge's bench. But first he would find himself diverted on a political campaign.
Two years after Adam Diaz broke new ground as the first Mexican American on the Phoenix City Council, Córdova would follow in his steps. It was 1955 and the Charter Government Committee's easy successes led them to try again.
As the campaign began to announce the new ticket, Diaz announced his reluctant departure from the charter committee's lineup. Some in the community attempted to get Diaz to join another ticket, but he would not be swayed from his decision. Diaz approached his close friend, the young lawyer Valdemar, and asked him to be his replacement on the ticket.33 Valdemar, already a member of the city adjustment board, agreed to join the ticket and was named in August as the charter government's next Latino nominee.
The election proved a simple campaign34 as mayoral candidate Jack Williams sought re-election, invoking the memories of bad politics in the 1940s. "Would you like to see the city run the way it was in 1948 -- before charter government councils and mayors took over?"35
After two terms on the City Council, Córdova returned to practicing law in 1958, but he had already made his reputation. By 1959 he was a consultant to the Mexican consulate in Phoenix.36 He filed suit against Nato Manuel Gloria Jr. and the Garin Bus Co. of Salinas, Calif., in the name of 17 Mexican migrant laborers who lost their lives when Gloria, a substitute driver, fell asleep and careened off the road in South Phoenix. The makeshift bus plowed into a tree and burst into flames. Sixteen died that day. Days later, one more man died of severe burns. Another 31 men were injured.
Judge Ling, who had ordered the desegregation of schools in Tolleson, presided over the case. In March 1960, the young driver was found guilty of gross negligence for having fallen asleep at the wheel.
In 1965, Córdova would achieve a first of his own. He was elected as the first Mexican American superior court judge. He was reappointed in 1966 but quit after a year for personal reasons and returned again to private law practice.37
Another decade would pass before Córdova was called on to be a judge once more. In August 1976, Gov. Raul Castro named Valdemar Córdova as a new judge of Division 22 of the Maricopa County Superior Court, replacing Judge Charles Roush who had resigned.
Three years later, upon Sen. Dennis Deconcini's recommendation, President Jimmy Carter would nominate Valdemar Córdova to his highest position yet -- a U.S. Federal District Court judgeship in Arizona.
Future Post 41 member and politician Alfredo Gutierrez would recall a cup of coffee he had with Córdova, soon after joining the Arizona Senate in 1972. The young Sen. Gutierrez listened as Córdova "described his role ... and mine at that time ... as the 'convener of the community.' Val never felt he was a leader in the community, and he didn't feel he could pronounce the direction in the community, but he felt strongly that it was important that there be somebody to bring it together. And I think he certainly was that for a number of generations. My generation held him in high esteem."
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MyHomeHardware has a great selection of knobs & hardware, cabinet door pulls and kitchen drawer pulls. Choose from many dependable brands that we carry to purchase door accessories, decorative wood and many types of knobs and pulls.
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My insurance company refuses to pay my hospital emergency room bill saying that it was not an emergency. Can they do this?
The company must cover any hospital ER bill provided that a prudent lay-person would have considered the incident to be an emergency at the time of the ER admittance.
More Info
Health Insurance Resource Center
Comprehensive health insurance information for consumers
URL: http://www.dfs.ny.gov/insurance/chealth.htm
Contact: Department of Financial Services Consumer Services Bureau
Phone: (800) 342-3736


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How to Register
Registration is the selection of classes and arrangement for payment of tuition and fees by the appropriate deadline. Students may register and check their current class schedule through Buff Advisor. Regulations governing course selection, pre-requisites, course load and admission requirements are published in the WTAMU catalog or can be obtained from your academic department.
Registration Dates
Priority Registration is open to all students.
Spring 2014
Priority Registration - closes December 8: The allotted time to register for the following semester until the deadline without incurring an additional cost of $4 per semester credit hour.


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Embrace – Refugees
Embrace – Refugees
Not a drinks related post this one, but Embrace are a Yorkshire band very close to the heart of Drinks.co.uk , Refugees is their first single in seven years and we wish them every success with it
View their official Facebook page here – https://www.facebook.com/embracemusic and their official website is http://embrace.co.uk
If you're reading this on your Smartphone you will probably already have noticed we've added a new mobile home page for when you first visit the site each day in order that you can browse quickly to your favourite product categories – thereafter you will be viewing the standard website which is optimised for mobiles, although it does contain a lot more content. If you wish to bookmark the mobile entry page then here's the link – http://drinks.co.uk/mobile
Where can I buy wine online
…a question many people ask us – naturally we would prefer people to only buy from www.drinks.co.uk , but with over 20 years experience in the drinks industry selling both wholesale and retail, we know this is neither likely, nor feasible
1. Start with wines you know and develop from there. Trust your palate. Wines are like cooking, it's common sense and experience that count.
2. Never be scared to experiment with wines. When in doubt, pop the cork and try a new wine. Never stop exploring.
3. Open wine whilst you're cooking and taste it, it will inspire you.
4. In general, the more oak there is in wine, the less versatile it will be with food.
5. Sauces are a bridge between wine and food, and they are as important to the wine as they are to the main ingredient so match them well.
6. Always have Pinot Noir and Cabernet Franc on hand, since they're so versatile with many dishes.
7. The more willing you are to try new wines, the more opportunities you have to try different pairings with different dishes
8. Create your own wine buying guide and make notes of previous wines you bought to help you choose in the future.
Treat yourself and order something new to try today!!!
Christmas Wine Gifts
Christmas Wine Gifts
We remove the work of choosing Christmas presents by offering you a personalised Christmas wine gift. Each gift comes with a hand written card to personlise your wine gift
If you're planning to give unique Christmas Wine gifts or toast the season at your company party, creating a personalised Christmas wine gift has never been easier.View our selection of Christmas Wine Gifts
Order from drinks.co.uk for top quality, great value wines, wine gifts, wine samples and gift baskets plus low shipping costs and wine tasting notes.
New Drinks Website
Please bear with us whilst we copy all the products and offers across from the old website to the new one – if you do happen to notice any errors please contact us
We hope that the new website will make ordering simpler and quicker for you along with all the planned future additions to the site.
Thanks for your patience and we hope you enjoy browsing the new site as much as we had planning and making it
The Drinks Team


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Your young football fanatic is probably sick of listening to the media hype up the Super Bowl too. Stories about Rob Gronkowski's ankle, Victor Cruz's rise to stardom and the Eli vs. Brady comparisons for two straight weeks can make even the biggest football fans go crazy. Luckily, it's game time now and your princess is amped for this highly anticipated rematch between the G-Men and the Pats. Gear your kiddo up on Sunday with this Super Bowl V-neck tee. With a printed team logo surrounded by "Property Of Super Bowl XLVI" lettering, this stylish top will have her rockin' a fashionable Super Bowl look for the big game.
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All four Saturday stakes winners at Betfair Hollywood Park returned well, according to their respective connections.
Trainer John Sadler, who swept the three graded stakes, declared that Scherer Magic, winner of the Grade III Hollywood Juvenile Championship, Switch, who captured the Grade II A Gleam Handicap, and Lady of Shamrock, victorious in the Grade I American Oaks, all were "walking good" Sunday morning.
Sadler will be sending part of his stable to Del Mar, but will keep several at Betfair Hollywood Park.
"We'll be shipping out today and tomorrow," said Sadler, "but we're leaving a big string here. This is a great place to train."
Mike Marlow, assistant trainer to Bob Baffert, said Executiveprivilege, who is 2-for-2 after running away with the Landaluce Stakes, also came back well.
"She's so professional for a 2-year-old," beamed Marlow. "She's got everything – ability and a great mind. It's scary how good she is."
Baffert, who has clinched his second consecutive Spring/Summer meet training title, was quick to compliment his entire stable staff – and Marlow in particular – after the Landaluce.
Heading into Sunday's closing day card, Baffert has 34 winners from 93 starters, seven more than Sadler. The Hall of Famer also leads with 11 stakes victories.
On a side note, Baffert disclosed on his Twitter account that Kentucky Derby and Preakness runner-up Bodemeister will miss the Haskell due to a temperature.
Vod Farris would argue with anyone who claims Friday the 13th is an unlucky day.
The trainer watched his 5-year-old gelding Lone Justice win Friday night's first race at Betfair Hollywood Park, then got down on one knee and proposed to longtime girlfriend Alexis Swenson in the winner's circle. The bride-to-be gave him a resounding "Yes'' with a big smile and a giant embrace. Jockey Kevin Krigger also contributed several congratulatory hugs.
"I've wanted to propose in the winner's circle either here or at Los Al for two months now," said Farris, "but I've been in a little slump."
It was the first victory from 25 starters at the Inglewood track for Farris, who is based at Los Alamitos. The couple has set the wedding date for Dec. 12 in Las Vegas.
CLOSING STRIDES— The claiming fervor that has engulfed Betfair Hollywood Park the last two weeks reached a crescendo Friday when 15 claims were dropped for Master Chef. The 5-year-old Vronsky gelding won the fifth race by a nose and moved from Mark Glatt to Peter Miller. The number of claims was an individual high for the meet….. Jeff Mullins reports that Wilkinson, upset winner of the Grade II American Handicap May 26, is recovering well from surgery after a bout with colic…… Rafael Bejarano, the runaway leader in the jockey standings, entered Sunday with 73 victories from 245 mouts. Joe Talamo is distant second with 48. Martin Garcia and Joel Rosario are tied for third with 26 victories. Bejarano last topped the standings at Betfair Hollywood Park in 2008, when he swept both the Spring/Summer and Autumn meets.……Simulcast wagering will be available daily at Betfair Hollywood Park during Del Mar's 37-day season. Wagering will be offered only in the Hollywood Park Casino Mondays and Tuesdays…Live racing will resume at Betfair Hollywood Park when the Autumn meet begins Thursday, November 8. The season will continue through Sunday, December 16.
Copyright © 2009-2014, Hollywood Park. All rights reserved.


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Chicago Weather
Severe Weather
Current Watches and Warnings
Mississippi, Issaquena
Freeze Watch
Statement as of 2:27 PM CDT on October 31, 2014
Expires 9:00 AM EST on November 02, 2014
... Freeze watch remains in effect from late Saturday night
through Sunday morning...
A freeze watch remains in effect from late Saturday night through
early Sunday morning.
* Temperatures: 28 to 32 degrees.
* Timing: 2 am to 8 am CST Sunday morning.
* Impacts: tender outdoor vegetation will likely be damaged by
subfreezing temperatures for a several hour duration.
Precautionary/preparedness actions...
A freeze watch means sub-freezing temperatures are highly likely.
These conditions could kill crops and other sensitive vegetation.
- Alabama - Wind Advisory , Freeze Watch, Wind Advisory , Freeze Warning, Wind Advisory , Freeze Warning , Freeze Watch
Wind Advisory - Lower Baldwin, Lower Mobile
Freeze Watch, Wind Advisory - Upper Baldwin, Upper Mobile
Freeze Warning, Wind Advisory - Autauga, Barbour, Blount, Bullock, Calhoun, Chambers, Cherokee, Chilton, Clay, Cleburne, Coosa, Elmore, Etowah, Jefferson, Lee, Lowndes, Macon, Montgomery, Pike, Randolph, Russell, Shelby, St. Clair, Talladega, Tallapoosa
Freeze Warning - Bibb, Colbert, Cullman, Dallas, De Kalb, Fayette, Franklin, Greene, Hale, Jackson, Lamar, Lauderdale, Lawrence, Limestone, Madison, Marengo, Marion, Marshall, Morgan, Perry, Pickens, Sumter, Tuscaloosa, Walker, Winston
Freeze Watch - Butler, Choctaw, Clarke, Conecuh, Covington, Crenshaw, Escambia, Monroe, Washington, Wilcox
- Alaska - Special Statement
Special Statement - St Lawrence Island and Bering Strait Coast
- Arizona - Air Quality Alert
Air Quality Alert - Greater Phoenix Area, Northwest Maricopa County, Southern Gila/Tonto NF Foothills, Southwest Maricopa County, unknown, unknown, unknown, unknown
- Arkansas - Freeze Warning, Lake Wind Advisory , Freeze Warning , Freeze Warning, Freeze Watch , Lake Wind Advisory, Freeze Watch , Freeze Warning, Lake Wind Advisory, Freeze Watch , Freeze Watch
Freeze Warning, Lake Wind Advisory - Columbia, Hempstead, Howard, Lafayette, Little River, Miller, Nevada, Sevier, Union
Freeze Warning - Benton, Carroll, Crawford, Franklin, Madison, Sebastian, Washington
Freeze Warning, Freeze Watch - Clay, Craighead, Crittenden, Cross, Greene, Lawrence, Lee, Mississippi, Phillips, Poinsett, Randolph, St. Francis
Lake Wind Advisory, Freeze Watch - Arkansas, Desha, Drew, Jefferson, Lincoln
Freeze Warning, Lake Wind Advisory, Freeze Watch - Baxter, Boone, Bradley, Calhoun, Clark, Cleburne, Cleveland, Conway, Dallas, Faulkner, Fulton, Garland, Grant, Hot Spring, Independence, Izard, Jackson, Johnson, Logan, Lonoke, Marion, Monroe, Montgomery, Newton, Ouachita, Perry, Pike, Polk, Pope, Prairie, Pulaski, Saline, Scott, Searcy, Sharp, Stone, Van Buren, White, Woodruff, Yell
- California - Flash Flood Watch , Wind Advisory , Lake Wind Advisory , Frost Advisory , Frost Advisory, Freeze Watch , Winter Weather Advisory , Winter Storm Warning , Special Statement , Public Information Statement
Flash Flood Watch - Santa Ana Mountains and Foothills
Wind Advisory - Apple and Lucerne Valleys, Coachella Valley, Riverside County Mountains, San Bernardino County Mountains, San Diego County Deserts, San Diego County Mountains
Lake Wind Advisory - Greater Lake Tahoe Area
Frost Advisory - Western Siskiyou County
Frost Advisory, Freeze Watch - Central Siskiyou County, South Central Siskiyou County
Winter Weather Advisory - Eastern Sierra Slopes of Inyo County, Riverside County Mountains, San Bernardino County Mountains, Tulare County Mountains, Western Plumas County/Lassen Park
Winter Storm Warning - Greater Lake Tahoe Area, Mono, Sierra Nevada from Yosemite to Kings Canyon, West Slope Northern Sierra Nevada
Special Statement - Antelope Valley, Catalina Island, Cuyama Valley, Los Angeles County Coast including Downtown Los Angeles, Los Angeles County Mountains excluding the Santa Monica Range, Los Angeles County San Fernando Valley, Los Angeles County San Gabriel Valley, San Luis Obispo County Central Coast, San Luis Obispo County Interior Valleys, San Luis Obispo County Mountains, Santa Barbara County Central Coast, Santa Barbara County Mountains, Santa Barbara County South Coast, Santa Clarita Valley, Santa Monica Mountains Recreational Area, Santa Ynez Valley, Ventura County Coast, Ventura County Coastal Valleys, Ventura County Interior Valleys, Ventura County Mountains
Public Information Statement - Coastal North Bay Including Point Reyes National Seashore, East Bay Hills and the Diablo Range, East Bay Interior Valleys, Mountains Of San Benito County And Interior Monterey County Including Pinnacles National Monument, North Bay Interior Valleys, North Bay Mountains, Northern Monterey Bay, Northern Salinas Valley/Hollister Valley and Carmel Valley, San Francisco, San Francisco Bay Shoreline, San Fransisco Peninsula Coast, Santa Clara Valley Including San Jose, Santa Cruz Mountains, Santa Lucia Mountains and Los Padres National Forest, Southern Monterey Bay and Big Sur Coast, Southern Salinas Valley/Arroyo Seco and Lake San Antonio
- Colorado - Special Statement
Special Statement - Animas River Basin, Central Colorado River Basin, Central Gunnison and Uncompahgre River Basin, Central Yampa River Basin, Debeque to Silt Corridor, Elkhead and Park Mountains, Flattops, Four Corners/Upper Dolores River, Gore and Elk Mountains/Central Mountain Valleys, Grand and Battlement Mesas, Grand Valley, Lower Yampa River Basin, Northwestern San Juan Mountains, Paradox Valley/Lower Dolores River, Roan and Tavaputs Plateaus, San Juan River Basin, Southwest San Juan Mountains, Uncompahgre Plateau/Dallas Divide, Upper Gunnison River Valley, Upper Yampa River Basin, West Elk and Sawatch Mountains
- Delaware - Coastal Flood Advisory
Coastal Flood Advisory - Delaware Beaches, Inland Sussex
- Florida - High Surf Advisory, Coastal Hazard Statement , Wind Advisory , Freeze Watch, Wind Advisory , Lake Wind Advisory , Fire Weather Watch
High Surf Advisory, Coastal Hazard Statement - Coastal Charlotte, Coastal Hillsborough, Coastal Lee, Coastal Manatee, Coastal Sarasota, Pinellas
Wind Advisory - Clay, Coastal Escambia, Coastal Okaloosa, Duval, Flagler, Nassau, Putnam, Santa Rosa, St. Johns
Freeze Watch, Wind Advisory - Inland Escambia, Inland Okaloosa, Inland Santa Rosa
Lake Wind Advisory - Coastal Charlotte, Coastal Citrus, Coastal Hernando, Coastal Hillsborough, Coastal Lee, Coastal Levy, Coastal Manatee, Coastal Pasco, Coastal Sarasota, Coastal Volusia County, DeSoto, Hardee, Highlands, Indian River, Inland Charlotte, Inland Citrus, Inland Hernando, Inland Hillsborough, Inland Lee, Inland Levy, Inland Manatee, Inland Pasco, Inland Sarasota, Inland Volusia County, Martin, Northern Brevard County, Northern Lake County, Okeechobee, Orange, Osceola, Pinellas, Polk, Seminole, Southern Brevard County, Southern Lake County, St. Lucie, Sumter
Fire Weather Watch - Coastal Bay, Coastal Wakulla, Inland Bay, Inland Wakulla, Leon, South Walton, Washington
- Georgia - Wind Advisory , Lake Wind Advisory , Winter Weather Advisory, Wind Advisory, Freeze Watch , Winter Weather Advisory, Wind Advisory, Freeze Watch, Freeze Warning , Wind Advisory, Freeze Watch , Wind Advisory, Freeze Watch, Freeze Warning , Freeze Watch , Special Statement
Wind Advisory - Bleckley, Coastal Bryan, Coastal Camden, Coastal Chatham, Coastal Glynn, Coastal Liberty, Coastal McIntosh, Dodge, Emanuel, Evans, Inland Bryan, Inland Camden, Inland Chatham, Inland Glynn, Inland Liberty, Inland McIntosh, Johnson, Laurens, Long, Montgomery, Pulaski, Tattnall, Telfair, Toombs, Treutlen, Wayne, Wheeler, Wilcox
Lake Wind Advisory - Burke, Columbia, Lincoln, McDuffie, Richmond
Winter Weather Advisory, Wind Advisory, Freeze Watch - Habersham
Winter Weather Advisory, Wind Advisory, Freeze Watch, Freeze Warning - Dawson, Fannin, Gilmer, Lumpkin, Murray, Pickens, Rabun, Towns, Union, White
Wind Advisory, Freeze Watch - Baldwin, Banks, Barrow, Bartow, Bibb, Butts, Carroll, Chattahoochee, Cherokee, Clarke, Clayton, Cobb, Coweta, Crawford, Crisp, De Kalb, Dooly, Douglas, Fayette, Floyd, Forsyth, Glascock, Greene, Gwinnett, Hall, Hancock, Haralson, Harris, Heard, Henry, Houston, Jackson, Jasper, Jefferson, Jones, Lamar, Macon, Madison, Marion, Meriwether, Monroe, Morgan, Muscogee, Newton, North Fulton, Oconee, Oglethorpe, Paulding, Peach, Pike, Polk, Putnam, Rockdale, Schley, South Fulton, Spalding, Stewart, Sumter, Talbot, Taliaferro, Taylor, Troup, Twiggs, Upson, Walton, Warren, Washington, Webster, Wilkes, Wilkinson
Wind Advisory, Freeze Watch, Freeze Warning - Catoosa, Chattooga, Dade, Gordon, Walker, Whitfield
Freeze Watch - Elbert, Franklin, Hart, Stephens
Special Statement - Banks, Barrow, Bartow, Catoosa, Chattooga, Cherokee, Cobb, Dade, De Kalb, Floyd, Forsyth, Gordon, Gwinnett, Hall, Haralson, Jackson, Madison, North Fulton, Paulding, Polk, Walker, Whitfield
- Hawaii - High Surf Advisory
High Surf Advisory - Big Island North and East, Kauai Windward, Maui Windward West, Molokai Windward, Oahu Koolau, Olomana, Windward Haleakala
- Idaho - Winter Storm Watch , Record Report , Public Information Statement
Winter Storm Watch - Eastern Lemhi County, Northern Clearwater Mountains, Southern Clearwater Mountains, Western Lemhi County
Record Report - Big and Little Wood River Region, Cache Valley/Idaho Portion, Caribou Highlands, Eastern Magic Valley, Lost River/Pashimeroi, Lower Snake River Plain, Sawtooth Mountains, South Central Highlands, Upper Snake Highlands, Upper Snake River Plain, Wasatch Mountains/Idaho Portion
Public Information Statement - Central Panhandle Mountains, Coeur d'Alene Area, Idaho Palouse, Lewis and Southern Nez Perce Counties, Lewiston Area, Northern Panhandle
- Illinois - Lakeshore Flood Advisory , Wind Advisory , High Wind Warning , Freeze Warning , Special Statement , Public Information Statement
Lakeshore Flood Advisory - Cook
Wind Advisory - DuPage, Iroquois, Kane, Kankakee, Kendall, Lake, McHenry, Will
High Wind Warning - Cook
Freeze Warning - Adams, Alexander, Bond, Brown, Calhoun, Cass, Champaign, Christian, Clark, Clay, Clinton, Coles, Crawford, Cumberland, De Witt, Douglas, Edgar, Edwards, Effingham, Fayette, Franklin, Fulton, Gallatin, Greene, Hamilton, Hancock, Hardin, Henderson, Jackson, Jasper, Jefferson, Jersey, Johnson, Knox, Lawrence, Logan, Macon, Macoupin, Madison, Marion, Marshall, Mason, Massac, McDonough, McLean, Menard, Monroe, Montgomery, Morgan, Moultrie, Peoria, Perry, Piatt, Pike, Pope, Pulaski, Randolph, Richland, Saline, Sangamon, Schuyler, Scott, Shelby, St. Clair, Stark, Tazewell, Union, Vermilion, Wabash, Warren, Washington, Wayne, White, Williamson, Woodford
Special Statement - Bureau, Carroll, Henry, Jo Daviess, Putnam, Stephenson, Whiteside
Public Information Statement - Boone, Cook, De Kalb, DuPage, Ford, Grundy, Iroquois, Kane, Kankakee, Kendall, La Salle, Lake, Lee, Livingston, McHenry, Ogle, Will, Winnebago
- Indiana - Lakeshore Flood Advisory , Wind Advisory , High Wind Warning , Lake Effect Snow Advisory , Freeze Warning, Freeze Watch , Freeze Warning , Special Statement , Public Information Statement
Lakeshore Flood Advisory - La Porte, Lake, Porter
Wind Advisory - Benton, Cass, Elkhart, Fulton, Jasper, Marshall, Newton, Pulaski, St. Joseph, Starke, White
High Wind Warning - La Porte, Lake, Porter
Lake Effect Snow Advisory - Jasper, Lake, Newton, Porter
Freeze Warning, Freeze Watch - Dearborn, Fayette, Franklin, Ohio, Ripley, Switzerland, Union, Wayne
Freeze Warning - Bartholomew, Boone, Brown, Carroll, Clark, Clay, Clinton, Crawford, Daviess, Decatur, Delaware, Dubois, Floyd, Fountain, Gibson, Greene, Hamilton, Hancock, Harrison, Hendricks, Henry, Howard, Jackson, Jefferson, Jennings, Johnson, Knox, Lawrence, Madison, Marion, Martin, Monroe, Montgomery, Morgan, Orange, Owen, Parke, Perry, Pike, Posey, Putnam, Randolph, Rush, Scott, Shelby, Spencer, Sullivan, Tippecanoe, Tipton, Vanderburgh, Vermillion, Vigo, Warren, Warrick, Washington
Special Statement - Clark, Crawford, Dearborn, Dubois, Fayette, Floyd, Franklin, Harrison, Jefferson, Ohio, Orange, Perry, Ripley, Scott, Switzerland, Union, Washington, Wayne
Public Information Statement - Adams, Allen, Bartholomew, Benton, Blackford, Boone, Brown, Carroll, Cass, Clay, Clinton, Daviess, De Kalb, Decatur, Delaware, Elkhart, Fountain, Fulton, Grant, Greene, Hamilton, Hancock, Hendricks, Henry, Howard, Huntington, Jackson, Jasper, Jay, Jennings, Johnson, Knox, Kosciusko, La Porte, Lagrange, Lake, Lawrence, Madison, Marion, Marshall, Martin, Miami, Monroe, Montgomery, Morgan, Newton, Noble, Owen, Parke, Porter, Pulaski, Putnam, Randolph, Rush, Shelby, St. Joseph, Starke, Steuben, Sullivan, Tippecanoe, Tipton, Vermillion, Vigo, Wabash, Warren, Wells, White, Whitley
- Iowa - Freeze Warning , Public Information Statement
Freeze Warning - Des Moines, Henry, Jefferson, Lee, Van Buren
Public Information Statement - Fremont, Harrison, Mills, Monona, Montgomery, Page, Pottawattamie, Shelby
- Kansas - Freeze Warning
Freeze Warning - Allen, Anderson, Atchison, Barber, Barton, Bourbon, Brown, Butler, Chase, Chautauqua, Cherokee, Clark, Clay, Coffey, Comanche, Cowley, Crawford, Dickinson, Doniphan, Douglas, Edwards, Elk, Ellis, Ellsworth, Finney, Ford, Franklin, Geary, Gray, Greenwood, Harper, Harvey, Haskell, Hodgeman, Jackson, Jefferson, Johnson, Kingman, Kiowa, Labette, Lane, Leavenworth, Lincoln, Linn, Lyon, Marion, McPherson, Meade, Miami, Montgomery, Morris, Nemaha, Neosho, Ness, Osage, Ottawa, Pawnee, Pottawatomie, Pratt, Reno, Rice, Riley, Rush, Russell, Saline, Scott, Sedgwick, Shawnee, Stafford, Sumner, Trego, Wabaunsee, Wilson, Woodson, Wyandotte
- Kentucky - Winter Weather Advisory, Freeze Watch , Freeze Warning, Freeze Watch , Freeze Warning , Freeze Watch , Special Statement
Winter Weather Advisory, Freeze Watch - Bell, Breathitt, Clay, Floyd, Harlan, Knott, Knox, Leslie, Letcher, Magoffin, Perry, Pike, Whitley
Freeze Warning, Freeze Watch - Boone, Bracken, Campbell, Carroll, Gallatin, Grant, Kenton, Lewis, Mason, Owen, Pendleton, Robertson
Freeze Warning - Adair, Allen, Anderson, Ballard, Barren, Bourbon, Boyle, Breckinridge, Bullitt, Butler, Caldwell, Calloway, Carlisle, Casey, Christian, Clark, Clinton, Crittenden, Cumberland, Daviess, Edmonson, Fayette, Franklin, Fulton, Garrard, Graves, Grayson, Green, Hancock, Hardin, Harrison, Hart, Henderson, Henry, Hickman, Hopkins, Jefferson, Jessamine, Larue, Lincoln, Livingston, Logan, Lyon, Madison, Marion, Marshall, McCracken, McLean, Meade, Mercer, Metcalf, Monroe, Muhlenberg, Nelson, Nicholas, Ohio, Oldham, Russell, Scott, Shelby, Simpson, Spencer, Taylor, Todd, Trigg, Trimble, Union, Warren, Washington, Webster, Woodford
Freeze Watch - Bath, Elliott, Estill, Fleming, Jackson, Johnson, Laurel, Lee, Martin, McCreary, Menifee, Montgomery, Morgan, Owsley, Powell, Pulaski, Rockcastle, Rowan, Wayne, Wolfe
Special Statement - Adair, Allen, Anderson, Barren, Bath, Boone, Bourbon, Boyle, Bracken, Breathitt, Breckinridge, Bullitt, Butler, Campbell, Carroll, Casey, Clark, Clay, Clinton, Cumberland, Edmonson, Elliott, Estill, Fayette, Fleming, Floyd, Franklin, Gallatin, Garrard, Grant, Grayson, Green, Hancock, Hardin, Harrison, Hart, Henry, Jackson, Jefferson, Jessamine, Johnson, Kenton, Knott, Knox, Larue, Laurel, Lee, Leslie, Lewis, Lincoln, Logan, Madison, Magoffin, Marion, Martin, Mason, McCreary, Meade, Menifee, Mercer, Metcalf, Monroe, Montgomery, Morgan, Nelson, Nicholas, Ohio, Oldham, Owen, Owsley, Pendleton, Perry, Powell, Pulaski, Robertson, Rockcastle, Rowan, Russell, Scott, Shelby, Simpson, Spencer, Taylor, Trimble, Warren, Washington, Wayne, Whitley, Wolfe, Woodford
- Louisiana - Lake Wind Advisory , Wind Advisory , Freeze Watch , Special Statement
Lake Wind Advisory - Bienville, Bossier, Caddo, Caldwell, Claiborne, De Soto, Grant, Jackson, La Salle, Lincoln, Natchitoches, Ouachita, Red River, Sabine, Union, Webster, Winn
Wind Advisory - East Cameron, Iberia, Lafayette, Lower Jefferson, Lower Lafourche, Lower Plaquemines, Lower St. Bernard, Lower St. Martin, Lower Terrebonne, Orleans, St. Charles, St. James, St. John The Baptist, St. Mary, Upper Jefferson, Upper Lafourche, Upper Plaquemines, Upper St. Bernard, Upper St. Martin, Upper Terrebonne, Vermilion, West Cameron
Freeze Watch - Catahoula, Concordia, East Carroll, Franklin, Madison, Morehouse, Richland, Tensas, West Carroll
- Maine - Winter Storm Watch
Winter Storm Watch - Central Penobscot, Central Washington, Coastal Hancock, Coastal Washington, Interior Hancock, Northeast Aroostook, Northern Penobscot, Northern Washington, Southeast Aroostook, Southern Penobscot
- Massachusetts - Coastal Flood Watch , High Wind Watch , High Wind Warning
Coastal Flood Watch - Barnstable, Eastern Essex, Eastern Norfolk, Eastern Plymouth, Nantucket, Suffolk
High Wind Watch - Central Middlesex County, Eastern Essex, Eastern Norfolk, Northern Bristol, Southeast Middlesex, Southern Bristol, Suffolk, Western Essex, Western Norfolk, Western Plymouth
High Wind Warning - Barnstable, Dukes, Eastern Plymouth, Nantucket, Southern Plymouth
- Michigan - Lakeshore Flood Advisory , Wind Advisory , High Wind Warning , Public Information Statement
Lakeshore Flood Advisory - Bay, Berrien, Huron, Sanilac, St. Clair, Tuscola
Wind Advisory - Allegan, Antrim, Barry, Bay, Benzie, Calhoun, Cass, Charlevoix, Clare, Clinton, Eaton, Emmet, Genesee, Grand Traverse, Gratiot, Huron, Ingham, Ionia, Isabella, Jackson, Kalamazoo, Kent, Lake, Lapeer, Leelanau, Livingston, Macomb, Manistee, Mason, Mecosta, Midland, Montcalm, Muskegon, Newaygo, Oakland, Oceana, Osceola, Ottawa, Saginaw, Sanilac, Shiawassee, St. Clair, St. Joseph, Tuscola, Van Buren
High Wind Warning - Berrien
Public Information Statement - Alger, Allegan, Baraga, Barry, Berrien, Branch, Calhoun, Cass, Clare, Clinton, Delta, Dickinson, Eaton, Gogebic, Gratiot, Hillsdale, Houghton, Ingham, Ionia, Iron, Isabella, Jackson, Kalamazoo, Kent, Keweenaw, Lake, Luce, Marquette, Mason, Mecosta, Menominee, Montcalm, Muskegon, Newaygo, Northern Schoolcraft, Oceana, Ontonagon, Osceola, Ottawa, Southern Houghton, Southern Schoolcraft, St. Joseph, Van Buren
- Mississippi - Freeze Watch , Freeze Warning, Freeze Watch , Special Statement
Freeze Watch - Adams, Claiborne, Clarke, Copiah, Covington, Forrest, Franklin, George, Greene, Hinds, Humphreys, Issaquena, Jasper, Jefferson, Jefferson Davis, Jones, Lamar, Lawrence, Lincoln, Madison, Marion, Perry, Rankin, Scott, Sharkey, Simpson, Smith, Stone, Warren, Washington, Wayne, Yazoo
Freeze Warning, Freeze Watch - Alcorn, Attala, Benton, Bolivar, Calhoun, Carroll, Chickasaw, Choctaw, Clay, Coahoma, De Soto, Grenada, Holmes, Itawamba, Kemper, Lafayette, Lauderdale, Leake, Lee, Leflore, Lowndes, Marshall, Monroe, Montgomery, Neshoba, Newton, Noxubee, Oktibbeha, Panola, Pontotoc, Prentiss, Quitman, Sunflower, Tallahatchie, Tate, Tippah, Tishomingo, Tunica, Union, Webster, Winston, Yalobusha
Special Statement - Adams, Clarke, Copiah, Covington, Forrest, Franklin, Jasper, Jefferson, Jefferson Davis, Jones, Lamar, Lawrence, Lincoln, Marion, Simpson, Smith
- Missouri - Freeze Warning , Freeze Warning, Freeze Watch
Freeze Warning - Adair, Andrew, Atchison, Audrain, Barry, Barton, Bates, Benton, Bollinger, Boone, Buchanan, Butler, Caldwell, Callaway, Camden, Cape Girardeau, Carroll, Carter, Cass, Cedar, Chariton, Christian, Clark, Clay, Clinton, Cole, Cooper, Crawford, Dade, Dallas, Daviess, De Kalb, Dent, Douglas, Franklin, Gasconade, Gentry, Greene, Grundy, Harrison, Henry, Hickory, Holt, Howard, Howell, Iron, Jackson, Jasper, Jefferson, Johnson, Knox, Laclede, Lafayette, Lawrence, Lewis, Lincoln, Linn, Livingston, Macon, Madison, Maries, Marion, McDonald, Mercer, Miller, Mississippi, Moniteau, Monroe, Montgomery, Morgan, New Madrid, Newton, Nodaway, Oregon, Osage, Ozark, Perry, Pettis, Phelps, Pike, Platte, Polk, Pulaski, Putnam, Ralls, Randolph, Ray, Reynolds, Ripley, Saline, Schuyler, Scotland, Scott, Shannon, Shelby, St. Charles, St. Clair, St. Francois, St. Louis, St. Louis City, Ste. Genevieve, Stoddard, Stone, Sullivan, Taney, Texas, Vernon, Warren, Washington, Wayne, Webster, Worth, Wright
- Montana - Lake Wind Advisory , Winter Storm Watch
Lake Wind Advisory - Central and Southern Valley, Garfield, McCone
Winter Storm Watch - Beaverhead, Bitterroot/Sapphire Mountains, Broadwater, Butte/Blackfoot Region, Cascade, Central and Southern Lewis and Clark, Chouteau, Eastern Glacier, Eastern Pondera, Eastern Teton, Gallatin, Hill, Jefferson, Judith Basin, Liberty, Lower Clark Fork Region, Madison, Meagher, Northern Rocky Mountain Front, Potomac/Seeley Lake Region, Southern Rocky Mountain Front, Toole, West Glacier Region
- Nebraska - Wind Advisory , Public Information Statement
Wind Advisory - Box Butte, Dawes, North Sioux, South Sioux
Public Information Statement - Antelope, Arthur, Blaine, Boone, Boyd, Brown, Burt, Butler, Cass, Cedar, Chase, Colfax, Cuming, Custer, Deuel, Dodge, Douglas, Eastern Cherry, Frontier, Gage, Garden, Garfield, Grant, Hayes, Holt, Hooker, Jefferson, Johnson, Keith, Keya Paha, Knox, Lancaster, Lincoln, Logan, Loup, Madison, McPherson, Nemaha, Otoe, Pawnee, Perkins, Pierce, Platte, Richardson, Rock, Saline, Sarpy, Saunders, Seward, Sheridan, Stanton, Thomas, Thurston, Washington, Wayne, Western Cherry, Wheeler
- Nevada - Lake Wind Advisory , Wind Advisory , Winter Weather Advisory , Winter Storm Warning , Record Report
Lake Wind Advisory - Greater Lake Tahoe Area
Wind Advisory - Northeastern Nye County, Northwestern Nye County, Southern Lander County and Southern Eureka County, White Pine County
Winter Weather Advisory - Humboldt County, Northwestern Nye County, Southern Lander County and Southern Eureka County
Winter Storm Warning - Greater Lake Tahoe Area
Record Report - Humboldt County, Northeastern Nye County, Northern Elko County, Northern Lander County and Northern Eureka County, Northwestern Nye County, Ruby Mountains and East Humboldt Range, South Central Elko County, Southeastern Elko County, Southern Lander County and Southern Eureka County, Southwest Elko County, White Pine County
- New Jersey - Coastal Flood Advisory
Coastal Flood Advisory - Atlantic, Atlantic Coastal Cape May, Cape May, Coastal Atlantic
- New York - Public Information Statement
Public Information Statement - Broome, Chemung, Chenango, Cortland, Delaware, Madison, Northern Oneida, Onondaga, Otsego, Schuyler, Seneca, Southern Cayuga, Southern Oneida, Steuben, Sullivan, Tioga, Tompkins, Yates
- North Carolina - Wind Advisory , Wind Advisory, Freeze Warning , Winter Storm Warning , Winter Weather Advisory , Winter Weather Advisory, Wind Advisory, Freeze Watch, Freeze Warning , Freeze Watch , Wind Advisory, Freeze Watch , Special Statement , Public Information Statement
Wind Advisory - Alexander, Burke Mountains, Caldwell Mountains, Carteret, Eastern McDowell, Graham, Greater Burke, Greater Caldwell, Haywood, Macon, Madison, Mainland Hyde, McDowell Mountains, Northern Jackson, Outer Banks Dare, Outer Banks Hyde, Swain, Tyrrell, Western Dare
Wind Advisory, Freeze Warning - Avery, Buncombe, Mitchell, Southern Jackson, Transylvania, Yancey
Winter Storm Warning - Ashe, Avery, Graham, Haywood, Madison, Mitchell, Swain, Watauga, Yancey
Winter Weather Advisory - Buncombe, Burke Mountains, Caldwell Mountains, Cherokee, Clay, Macon, McDowell Mountains, Northern Jackson, Southern Jackson, Transylvania
Winter Weather Advisory, Wind Advisory, Freeze Watch, Freeze Warning - Henderson
Freeze Watch - Cleveland
Wind Advisory, Freeze Watch - Eastern Polk, Greater Rutherford, Polk Mountains, Rutherford Mountains
Special Statement - Bladen, Coastal Brunswick, Coastal New Hanover, Coastal Pender, Columbus, Inland Brunswick, Inland New Hanover, Inland Pender, Robeson
- North Dakota - Wind Advisory , Public Information Statement
Wind Advisory - Adams, Billings, Bowman, Golden Valley, Hettinger, Slope, Stark
Public Information Statement - Adams, Billings, Bottineau, Bowman, Burke, Burleigh, Dickey, Divide, Dunn, Emmons, Foster, Golden Valley, Grant, Hettinger, Kidder, La Moure, Logan, McHenry, McIntosh, McKenzie, McLean, Mercer, Morton, Mountrail, Oliver, Pierce, Renville, Rolette, Sheridan, Sioux, Slope, Stark, Stutsman, Ward, Wells, Williams
- Ohio - Freeze Watch , Freeze Warning, Freeze Watch , Special Statement , Public Information Statement
Freeze Watch - Delaware, Fairfield, Franklin, Hocking, Licking, Pickaway, Pike, Ross, Scioto
Freeze Warning, Freeze Watch - Adams, Auglaize, Brown, Butler, Champaign, Clark, Clermont, Clinton, Darke, Fayette, Greene, Hamilton, Hardin, Highland, Logan, Madison, Mercer, Miami, Montgomery, Preble, Shelby, Union, Warren
Special Statement - Adams, Auglaize, Brown, Butler, Champaign, Clark, Clermont, Clinton, Darke, Fayette, Greene, Hamilton, Hardin, Highland, Logan, Madison, Mercer, Miami, Montgomery, Preble, Shelby, Union, Warren
Public Information Statement - Allen, Defiance, Fulton, Henry, Paulding, Putnam, Van Wert, Williams
- Oklahoma - Freeze Warning, Lake Wind Advisory , Freeze Warning
Freeze Warning, Lake Wind Advisory - McCurtain
Freeze Warning - Adair, Alfalfa, Atoka, Beckham, Blaine, Bryan, Caddo, Canadian, Carter, Cherokee, Choctaw, Cleveland, Coal, Comanche, Cotton, Craig, Creek, Custer, Delaware, Dewey, Ellis, Garfield, Garvin, Grady, Grant, Greer, Harmon, Harper, Haskell, Hughes, Jackson, Jefferson, Johnston, Kay, Kingfisher, Kiowa, Latimer, Le Flore, Lincoln, Logan, Love, Major, Marshall, Mayes, McClain, McIntosh, Murray, Muskogee, Noble, Nowata, Okfuskee, Oklahoma, Okmulgee, Osage, Ottawa, Pawnee, Payne, Pittsburg, Pontotoc, Pottawatomie, Pushmataha, Roger Mills, Rogers, Seminole, Sequoyah, Stephens, Tillman, Tulsa, Wagoner, Washington, Washita, Woods, Woodward
- Oregon - Frost Advisory , Record Report
Frost Advisory - Eastern Curry County and Josephine County, Jackson County
Record Report - Cascade Foothills in Lane County, Cascades in Lane County, Central Coast Range of Western Oregon, Central Columbia River Gorge, Central Oregon Coast, Central Willamette Valley, Coast Range of Northwest Oregon, Greater Portland Metro Area, Lower Columbia, North Oregon Coast, Northern Oregon Cascade Foothills, Northern Oregon Cascades, South Willamette Valley, Upper Hood River Valley, Western Columbia River Gorge
- Pennsylvania - Public Information Statement
Public Information Statement - Bradford, Lackawanna, Luzerne, Northern Wayne, Pike, Southern Wayne, Susquehanna, Wyoming
- Puerto Rico - Flood Watch , Flood Watch, Areal Flood Advisory
Flood Watch - Northeast, Southeast
Flood Watch, Areal Flood Advisory - Mayaguez and Vicinity, Northwest, Western Interior
- Rhode Island - High Wind Watch
High Wind Watch - Block Island, Bristol, Eastern Kent, Newport, Northwest Providence, Southeast Providence, Washington, Western Kent
- South Carolina - Lake Wind Advisory , Freeze Watch , Wind Advisory, Freeze Watch , Special Statement
Lake Wind Advisory - Aiken, Bamberg, Barnwell, Calhoun, Chesterfield, Clarendon, Edgefield, Fairfield, Inland Berkeley, Kershaw, Lancaster, Lee, Lexington, McCormick, Newberry, Orangeburg, Richland, Saluda, Sumter
Freeze Watch - Abbeville, Anderson, Cherokee, Greater Greenville, Greater Oconee, Greater Pickens, Greenwood, Laurens, Spartanburg, Union
Wind Advisory, Freeze Watch - Greenville Mountains, Oconee Mountains, Pickens Mountains
Special Statement - Coastal Georgetown, Coastal Horry, Darlington, Dillon, Florence, Inland Georgetown, Inland Horry, Marion, Marlboro, Williamsburg
- South Dakota - Wind Advisory , Air Quality Alert
Wind Advisory - Butte, Corson, Dewey, Haakon, Harding, Northern Meade Co Plains, Pennington Co Plains, Perkins, Rapid City, Southern Meade Co Plains, Sturgis/Piedmont Foot Hills, Ziebach
Air Quality Alert - Rapid City
- Tennessee - Freeze Warning , Freeze Warning, Freeze Watch , Winter Weather Advisory , Winter Weather Advisory, Freeze Watch , Winter Storm Warning , Freeze Watch , Special Statement , Public Information Statement
Freeze Warning - Bedford, Cannon, Cheatham, Clay, Coffee, Cumberland, Davidson, De Kalb, Dickson, Fentress, Franklin, Giles, Grundy, Hickman, Houston, Humphreys, Jackson, Lawrence, Lewis, Lincoln, Macon, Marshall, Maury, Montgomery, Moore, Overton, Perry, Pickett, Putnam, Robertson, Rutherford, Smith, Stewart, Sumner, Trousdale, Van Buren, Warren, Wayne, White, Williamson, Wilson
Freeze Warning, Freeze Watch - Benton, Carroll, Chester, Crockett, Decatur, Dyer, Fayette, Gibson, Hardeman, Hardin, Haywood, Henderson, Henry, Lake, Lauderdale, Madison, McNairy, Obion, Shelby, Tipton, Weakley
Winter Weather Advisory - Campbell, Claiborne, East Polk, Hancock, Hawkins, Morgan, Northwest Carter, Northwest Greene, Scott, Sullivan, Washington
Winter Weather Advisory, Freeze Watch - Anderson, Grainger, Hamblen, Northwest Cocke, Union
Winter Storm Warning - Blount Smoky Mountains, Cocke Smoky Mountains, Johnson, Sevier Smoky Mountains, Southeast Carter, Southeast Greene, Southeast Monroe, Unicoi
Freeze Watch - Bledsoe, Bradley, Hamilton, Jefferson, Knox, Loudon, Marion, McMinn, Meigs, North Sevier, Northwest Monroe, NW Blount, Rhea, Roane, Sequatchie, West Polk
Special Statement - Bedford, Cannon, Cheatham, Clay, Coffee, Cumberland, Davidson, De Kalb, Dickson, Fentress, Giles, Grundy, Hickman, Houston, Humphreys, Jackson, Lawrence, Lewis, Macon, Marshall, Maury, Montgomery, Overton, Perry, Pickett, Putnam, Robertson, Rutherford, Smith, Stewart, Sumner, Trousdale, Van Buren, Warren, Wayne, White, Williamson, Wilson
Public Information Statement - Anderson, Bledsoe, Blount Smoky Mountains, Bradley, Campbell, Claiborne, Cocke Smoky Mountains, East Polk, Grainger, Hamblen, Hamilton, Hancock, Hawkins, Jefferson, Johnson, Knox, Loudon, Marion, McMinn, Meigs, Morgan, North Sevier, Northwest Carter, Northwest Cocke, Northwest Greene, Northwest Monroe, NW Blount, Rhea, Roane, Scott, Sequatchie, Sevier Smoky Mountains, Southeast Carter, Southeast Greene, Southeast Monroe, Sullivan, Unicoi, Union, Washington, West Polk
- Texas - Lake Wind Advisory , Freeze Warning, Lake Wind Advisory , Wind Advisory , Freeze Warning , Public Information Statement
Lake Wind Advisory - Angelina, Cherokee, Gregg, Harrison, Marion, Nacogdoches, Panola, Rusk, Sabine, San Augustine, Shelby, Smith, Upshur, Wood
Freeze Warning, Lake Wind Advisory - Bowie, Camp, Cass, Franklin, Morris, Red River, Titus
Wind Advisory - Jefferson
Freeze Warning - Archer, Clay, Collin, Cooke, Delta, Denton, Fannin, Grayson, Hopkins, Hunt, Jack, Lamar, Montague, Wichita, Wilbarger, Wise, Young
Public Information Statement - Aransas, Bee, Calhoun, Duval, Goliad, Jim Wells, Kleberg, La Salle, Live Oak, McMullen, Nueces, Refugio, San Patricio, Victoria, Webb
- Utah - Wind Advisory , High Wind Warning , Winter Weather Advisory , Special Statement
Wind Advisory - Cache Valley/Utah Portion, Northern Wasatch Front, Sanpete/Sevier Valleys, Southern Wasatch Front, Southwest Utah, Wasatch Mountain Valleys
High Wind Warning - Great Salt Lake Desert and Mountains, Salt Lake and Tooele Valleys, West Central Utah
Winter Weather Advisory - Central and Southwest Mountains, Southern Utah Mountains, Wasatch Mountains I-80 North, Wasatch Mountains South of I-80, Wasatch Plateau/Book Cliffs, Western Uinta Mountains
Special Statement - Arches/Grand Flat, Canyonlands/Natural Bridges, Eastern Uinta Basin, Eastern Uinta Mountains, La Sal and Abajo Mountains, Southeast Utah, Tavaputs Plateau
- Virginia - Winter Storm Warning , Winter Weather Advisory , Public Information Statement
Winter Storm Warning - Grayson, Russell, Smyth, Tazewell, Washington, Wise
Winter Weather Advisory - Buchanan, Dickenson, Lee, Scott
Public Information Statement - Lee, Russell, Scott, Washington, Wise
- Washington - Record Report , Public Information Statement
Record Report - Central Columbia River Gorge, Greater Vancouver Area, Lower Columbia and I - 5 Corridor in Cowlitz County, South Washington Cascade Foothills, South Washington Cascades, South Washington Coast, Western Columbia River Gorge, Willapa Hills
Public Information Statement - East Slopes Northern Cascades, Lower Garfield and Asotin Counties, Moses Lake Area, Northeast Blue Mountains, Northeast Mountains, Okanogan Highlands, Okanogan Valley, Spokane Area, Upper Columbia Basin, Washington Palouse, Waterville Plateau, Wenatchee Area
- West Virginia - Winter Weather Advisory
- Wisconsin - Wind Advisory , Record Report , Public Information Statement
Wind Advisory - Brown, Calumet, Door, Fond du Lac, Kenosha, Kewaunee, Manitowoc, Milwaukee, Ozaukee, Racine, Sheboygan, Walworth, Washington, Waukesha
Record Report - Brown, Calumet, Door, Florence, Forest, Kewaunee, Langlade, Lincoln, Manitowoc, Marathon, Menominee, Northern Marinette County, Northern Oconto County, Oneida, Outagamie, Portage, Shawano, Southern Marinette County, Southern Oconto County, Vilas, Waupaca, Waushara, Winnebago, Wood
Public Information Statement - Brown, Calumet, Door, Florence, Forest, Kewaunee, Langlade, Lincoln, Manitowoc, Marathon, Menominee, Northern Marinette County, Northern Oconto County, Oneida, Outagamie, Portage, Shawano, Southern Marinette County, Southern Oconto County, Vilas, Waupaca, Waushara, Winnebago, Wood
- Wyoming - Air Quality Alert
Air Quality Alert - Northern Cambell, Southern Campbell
- - Gale Warning
Gale Warning - unknown


text:
My wife, Sue and I will be going to a 3-D turkey shoot today put on by Cherry Valley Bowhunters, one of the local clubs out here.
It is a 42 3-D target, 1 arrow, unmarked yardage shoot. They have Doe tags and Mulligans if you want.
This is going to be a real fun shoot, we are going to be joined by some of our family members and some good friends. There shound be about 7 of us in the group. The weather man is calling for a high of 78 deg.
I will try to get a bunch of pics to post up later today.


text:
LS Lowry was one of the greatest British artists of the twentieth century. He was also one of the most unusual. The images of match-stick men and match-stick cats and dogs with which he became associated were - and remain - a totally unique strand of European art. His paintings record with wit and sensitivity his interpretation of the lifestyle and architecture of the industrial north of England during the middle of the last century.
Laurence Stephen Lowry was born in 1887, in Manchester. An only child he began to draw at the age of eight and began private painting classes at the age of fifteen, the year before he left school. In 1904, he joined a firm of chartered accountants as a rent-collector and clerk and he remained in full-time employment throughout his life until he retired at the age of 65. So concerned was he to be seen as a serious artist that it was not until after his death that it was revealed that he had actually made his living away from the easel.
Lowry lived in and around Manchester for most of his life but it was not until 1916 that his highly individual style began to evolve. Inspired by the sight of workers leaving a local mill, he began to explore in his work the industrial areas around him, declaring later that: all my material was on my doorstep. Originally, his work focussed on the sombre industrial architecture but the housewives, children and workers in his paintings became increasingly central to his painting in later years.
Characteristic of Lowrys works are their very pale backgrounds, which help to emphasise the importance of the architecture, and the very limited use in his oils of only five colours: flake white, ivory black, ochre, prussian blue and vermilion, all of which were applied directly from the tube. Careful composition was also central to the success of many of his greatest industrial paintings, where the canvas was filled to overflowing and where every section bursts with life and activity.
Lowry exhibited regularly at The Royal Academy from 1932 and was elected an Academician in 1962. A shy and reserved man, he carried with him a sense of loneliness and isolation throughout his career, perhaps in reflection of his early failure to achieve recognition. Increasingly withdrawn, in later life he refused many honours, including the offer of a knighthood and even membership of the Order of Merit.
Lowry died in 1976, at the age of 88. The Royal Academy held a Memorial Exhibition of his work in 1976, at which the Academy President, Sir Hugh Casson, referred to Lowry as one of the greatest English painters of this century. A fitting tribute to a remarkable artist.
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Flags Of The World 7 feet 8 inches x 10 feet 9 inches
Free Shipping - in the lower 48
$399.00/ piece
Free Shipping! Children can locate the seven continents and major oceans represented on this stunning carpet with a global view of the world map. Flags represent countries from each continent, and students can find the country by matching the colored dots. Shipping costs obtained online are only valid for orders shipping to the lower 48 states.
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NOTE: This item is a custom order and is not returnable.
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