text:
Took a drive up to Cabelas yesterday with my 2 boys and my dad. Had a gift card to burn from xmas. Was planning on picking up some more rounds for the XD, but the gun section was a circus and didn't feel like competing for space to look for what I needed.
Came across the S4 Gear JackKnife bow mount. Holds your phone so you can video your shots. Mounts up to your sight if you haven't seen them. Muddy is coming out with something similar this year that mounts off the stabilizer and since this is something that I'd been working on as a DIY project that kinda fell flat with the Bengal because of the riser design/short stud on the Apache Stabilizer and the way my quiver connects. Anyway, snagged one up and got it mounted up today. Fits pretty well, but had to make some "washers" to get a little more space to clear the bar on my slider. Going to have to get some longer screws to be able to mount my quiver plate to them as well. What I have now isn't long enough to go through the mount, Jack Knife and the spacers for the slider.
Other things we came across - 2011 Pantera in the Barin Cave for $280 (didn't buy) and my Dad picked up a Ghost Blind and carry bag. Looking forward to busting that out during coyote/turkey this year.


text:
You should have gone over to one of those showroom cars, taken the hood, and slammed it.
That would have shaken up the place.
Car dealerships are always so lobotomized.
You should have gone over to one of those showroom cars, taken the hood, and slammed it.
That would have shaken up the place.
Car dealerships are always so lobotomized.
Just a few recent pics:
Nippers! :~D
Recently I heard a 'wise guy' story that I had a party at my home for twenty-five men. It's an interesting story, but I don't know twenty-five men I'd want to invite to a party. ~Joan Crawford
Oh, hello, all. I take my coffee with cream and sugar:
Here I am.
To that someone, this is for you.
You are hot
You're really handsome coward.
Last edited by Coward92; January 30th, 2013 at 03:14 AM.
I get notifications that I got forum answers int this topic, yet I don't see any of them here.
Why is that?
Last edited by Coward92; January 30th, 2013 at 06:13 AM.
So thanks to all of you guys. I am very flattered and it makes me feel very warm and fuzzy inside that I am after all good looking.
And yes the pictures a real and I am on them. The deviantart account however, is one I share with my brother
The handsome devil compliment made me laugh, but it has some truth of it. I do have some fiendish heritage
I see haha. That's kinda like photo mintage
Very handsome, Coward92!
Did you learn how to check your forum comments?
"All legal U. S. residents who are 18 years or older, shall have an unconditional right to vote." - We need a 28th Amendment to the U. S. Constitution which resembles this...NOW!
VOTING: Just remember: "Be careful of what you DON'T wish for. You might just get it." GET OUT AND VOTE for what you DO wish for.
"I distrust those people who know so well what God wants them to do, because I notice it always coincides with their own desires" - Susan B. Anthony
So many hotties, so little time...
Just another work pic...
Great pics everyone! Handsome fellas.
Bored at work.
^Another kicking English grammar post
Attachment 925140
A recent picture
Last edited by opinterph; February 1st, 2013 at 09:42 PM.
Very Attractive, hcguy92 !!
Ain't he the bomb?
No gargoyle pictures until the black eye goes away.
Wow. Hot JUBBERS are HOT!

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Wednesday, 18 May 2011 13:22
Mr. Aaron T. Melton, age 56 of Manchester, passed away Thursday, May 12th, 2011 at the Manchester Memorial Hospital. He was born October 4th, 1954 in Clay County, Kentucky to the union of Troy and Rosie Grant Melton.
He is survived by these brothers and sisters: Dorothy Melton of Laurel Creek, Vickie Hacker of Laurel Creek, Tina Melton of Irvine, Kentucky, Bonnie Nunn of Williamstown, Kentucky, Leslie Melton of Laurel Creek, Roy Melton of Laurel Creek, and Richard Melton of Manchester. Also surviving is Carol Mathis a special friend of the family and 23 nieces and nephews, 42 great nieces and great nephews, and 1 great great nephew.
He is preceded in death by his parents: Troy and Rosie Grant Melton, and these sisters and brother: Shirley Melton, Wilma Jean Melton, Sally Ruth Melton, and Delbert Glenn Melton.
Funeral Services for Mr. Aaron T. Melton will be Sunday, May 15th, 2011 at 2pm at the Rominger Funeral Home Chapel. Rev. Aaron Melton will be officiating. Burial will follow in the Collins For Cemetery in the Collins Fork Community.
Visitation will be Saturday, May 14th, after 6pm at the Rominger Funeral Home Chapel.
Rominger Funeral Home is in charge of the arrangements.
Last Updated on Wednesday, 18 May 2011 13:23
Wednesday, 11 May 2011 12:34
Shirley Jean Sizemore, 55, of Beech Creek, the wife of Lonnie Sizemore, passed away Friday at the Memorial Hospital.
She was survived by her husband Lonnie Sizemore, 3 children, Kenny Sizemore, Tammy Henson, Michelle Smith, 3 grandchildren, her father Leanord Collins, and the following brothers and sisters; Elsie Sue Eversole, Leanord Jr. Collins, Denver Collins, Wade Collins, Gilbert Collins, Randy Collins, Willie Mae Collins, and 17 nieces and nephews.
Funeral Services for Shirley Jean Sizemore were held Monday at 1:00 PM at the Britton Funeral Home Chapel with Ted Eversole and George Roberts officiating. Burial followed at the Sizemore Cemetery at Beech Creek.
Gone but she will never be forgotten.
Wednesday, 11 May 2011 12:34
Sally Davidson, 87, of Oneida, passed away Monday at the Memorial Hospital. She is survived by the following children, Carl Gene "Mandy" Davidson, Oneida, Clinton Davidson, Brenda Burns, all of Oneida, Ira Davidson, Mill Pond, Otis Davidson, & Betty Davidson, Burning Springs, Geraldine Murrell, Norwood, Ohio, & Rosie Hensley, Falmouth, KY.
She is also survived by 22 grandchildren, several great grandchildren & the following brothers & sisters: Aaron Hensley, Marion Hensley & Ray Hensley, all of Oneida, Lucille Harris, Crab Orchard, KY. Ruby Kenzar & Jean Parrott, Cincinnati, Ohio.
Funeral Services for Sally Davidson will be held 1:00 PM Thursday at the Britton Funeral Home Chapel with Sill Lee officiating. Burial will follow at the Johnny Martin Cemetery at Oneida.
Visitation will be after 6:00 PM Wednesday at the Britton Funeral Home Chapel.
Last Updated on Wednesday, 11 May 2011 12:34
Wednesday, 11 May 2011 12:32
Ray Byrd, 74, of Owsley County, passed away Thursday at his home.
He is survived by the following step-children: Tony Lee Smith, Alan Hayes, and Debborah Elaine Brewer, all of Bonneville and Gordon Jeffrey Smith, Orlando, FL.
He is also survived by 5 grandchildren and these brothers and sisters: Jesse Byrd, Sexton Creek, Hubert Byrd and Josephine Baker, both of Burning Springs and Ralph Byrd, Mt. Orab, Ohio.
Funeral Services for Ray Byrd will be held Monday at 1:00pm at the Britton Funeral Home Chapel with Robert Combs officiating. Burial will follow at the Hensley cemetery in Owsley County.
Visitation will be after 6:00pm Sunday at the Britton Funeral Home.
Last Updated on Wednesday, 11 May 2011 12:33
Wednesday, 11 May 2011 12:31
Michael Gerald Hacker, 49, of Berea, formerly of Clay County, passed away Friday at the Compassionate Care Center at Richmond.
He is survived by 2 daughters, Michael Natasha Corder, Berea and Nene weaver, Barbourville.
He is also survived by 1 grand daughter, his grandmother, Georgia hacker, Lebanon, Ohio and the following brothers and sisters; Ricker Hacker, Tammy Hacker, Barbara Henson, and Georgia Isaacs, all of Richmond, Bev Shane, Marlene Pitman and Nena Curry all of Manchester and Penny Rogers, Irvine, KY.
Funeral Services for Michael Gerald Hacker will be held Tuesday at 2:00pm at the Britton Funeral Home Chapel with Curtis Wagers officiating following at the Harts branch Cemetery.
Visitation will be after 6:00pm Monday at the Britton Funeral Home.
Last Updated on Wednesday, 11 May 2011 12:32
Page 175 of 218


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Ancient Rhino Relatives Were Water-LovingOct. 8, 2014 The discovery of new bones from a large land mammal that lived about 48 million years ago has led scientists to identify a new branch of mammals closely related to modern horses, rhinos, and ... full story
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Three Extinct Squirrel-Like Species Discovered: Mammals May Have Originated Much Earlier Than ThoughtSep. 10, 2014 Paleontologists have described three new small squirrel-like species that place a poorly understood Mesozoic group of animals firmly in the mammal family tree. The study supports the idea that ... full story
Sloths Are No Slouches When It Comes to EvolutionSep. 10, 2014 Today's sloths might be known as slow, small animals, but their ancestors developed large body sizes at an amazing rate, according to an evolutionary reconstruction. The fast rate of change ... full story
New Species of Extinct Dolphin Sheds Light on River Dolphin HistorySep. 9, 2014 Researchers described a new fossil dolphin species from the Miocene -- dating to more than 16 million years ago -- of the Pisco Basin, a desert on the coast of Peru. It belongs to a rare extinct ... full story
Study Traces Ecological Collapse Over 6,000 Years of Egyptian HistorySep. 8, 2014 Depictions of animals in ancient Egyptian artifacts have helped scientists assemble a detailed record of the large mammals that lived in the Nile Valley over the past 6,000 years. A new analysis of ... full story
Ancient Mammal Relatives Were Active at Night 100 Million Years Before Origin of MammalsSep. 3, 2014 New study reveals that nocturnality has older origin than previously thought. Synapsids, living about 300 million years ago, were probably active at ... full story
Walking Fish Reveal How Our Ancestors Evolved Onto LandAug. 27, 2014 About 400 million years ago a group of fish began exploring land and evolved into tetrapods – today's amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals. But just how these ancient fish used their fishy ... full story
Jurassic Mammals Were Picky Eaters, New Study FindsAug. 20, 2014 New analyses of tiny fossil mammals from Glamorgan, South Wales are shedding light on the function and diets of our earliest ancestors, a team reports. Mammals and their immediate ancestors from the ... full story
Neither Too Hot nor Too Cold: Evolution of Marine Crocodilians Constrained by Ocean TemperaturesAug. 19, 2014 The ancestors of today's crocodiles colonized the seas during warm phases and became extinct during cold phases, according to a new Anglo-French study which establishes a link between marine ... full story
Mammoth and Mastodon Behavior Was Less Roam, More Stay at HomeJuly 21, 2014 Their scruffy beards weren't ironic, but there are reasons mammoths and mastodons could have been the hipsters of the Ice Age. According to new research, the famously fuzzy relatives of ... full story
Running for Life: How Speed Restricts Evolutionary Change of the Vertebral ColumnJuly 14, 2014 One of the riddles of mammal evolution is explained: the conservation of the number of trunk vertebrae. Dutch and American researchers have shown that this conservation is due to the role of speed in ... full story
Ancient Hedgehog and Tapir Once Inhabited British ColumbiaJuly 8, 2014 A new study describes an ancient hedgehog and tapir that lived in what is now Driftwood Canyon Provincial Park, British Columbia, approximately 52 million years ago. The ancient hedgehog is a species ... full storyMore:
New Fossil Find Pinpoints the Origin of Jaws in VertebratesJune 11, 2014 A major fossil discovery in Canada sheds new light on the development of the earliest vertebrates, including the origin of jaws, the first time this feature has been seen so early in the fossil ... full story
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Humans, Not Climate, to Blame for Ice Age-Era Disappearance of Large Mammals, Study ConcludesJune 4, 2014 Was it humankind or climate change that caused the extinction of a considerable number of large mammals about the time of the last Ice Age? Researchers have carried out the first global analysis of ... full story
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- Prehistoric builders reveal trade secrets: Long-overlooked museum fossil is clue to vanished skills of prehistoric animal architects
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- Flat Rate Shipping. Any Size Order! -
- A Portion of Proceeds Benefit Chicago Bulls Athletics -
HOME Chicago Bulls Gear Chicago Bulls Sweatshirts & Fleece Mitchell & Ness (7 items) Product ID: 1134328
Main Content
There's a chill in the Chicago air, but you're itching to get out on the courts to practice your shot. With this From Downtown sleeveless hoodie, you'll be able to work on your range while keeping warm in your Bulls pride. This Mitchell & Ness full zip top features an embroidered Bulls logo on the left chest with a drawstring hood, fleece lining and two front pockets to keep you warm while you ball. You'll be kept warm from the cold in this hoodie – and especially now that your shot is on fire!
- Body: 60% Cotton/40% Polyester
- Fleece lining
- Full length zipper
- Hood with drawstring
- Imported
- Lining: 100% Cotton
- Officially licensed NBA product
- Quality embroidery
- Rib-knit waist
- Trim: 100% Cotton
- Two front pockets
Bulls Customers also liked:
Special event items are produced by manufacturers only after the outcome of a game or event. These are advanced sale items and will ship immediately after they are received in our warehouse.
Manufacturer direct items are shipped directly from the manufacturer. These items are not available for international or expedited shipping.
Customized items can be personalized with options such as your name, your favorite number, and/or designs. Some options may be limited by league rules.


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Business savvy and a bundle of benefits
Ask about our exclusive Business Bundle when booking your next stay with Mövenpick Hotels & Resorts in the Middle East and Asia. Along with convenient city locations, dedicated business services and smart conference facilities, this value-added package delivers a range of benefits tailored to corporate travellers.
Business savvy and a bundle of benefits
Meeting Offer - Make it 10 and pay for 9
With our "Meet and Save" offer we've thought of everything - and you can enjoy more. Because for every nine rooms or meeting package you pay for, the tenth comes free. In addition, with our new Meetings & Events programme, enjoy local, seasonal food, surprising treats and one designated point of contact for a professional thought-through service.
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Make your weekend a Mövenpick weekend. Relaxing breakfasts by the pool, rejuvenating days in award-winning spas, and culinary experiences as the sun sets. With our attractive 'My weekend, my choice' offer, the longer you stay, the more you save...
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text:
In response to:
What are you drinking?? Stop before your brain starts leaking ETOH.
President Obama promises to move the country forward with his recycled pledge of five million green jobs. But in the real world, small businesses are struggling to stay afloat as they deal with the fiscal wreckage of this administration's disastrous venture socialism. Here's the tale of just one Colorado company victimized by the Obama Department of Energy (DOE).
Colorado Distribution Group is a privately held storage and shipping company based in Denver. Thanks to hope-a-nomics, its warehouse is saddled with nearly 7,000 pallets of federally subsidized solar panels (one-third of which are completely spoiled and unsalable), along with related detritus such as...


text:
Wednesday, January 12, 2011
WIP Wednesday #9
Okay, maybe that's not such a good comparison. Anyway, on with the WIPs.
Ongoing Projects
Urban Lattice Quilt
My FFA Urban Lattice quilt is so close to being done, I can almost taste it. But it's not there yet. I've been forcing myself to work slowly as I put these blocks together—I want everything to line up perfectly on this one.
New Projects
Sliced Coins Quilt-Along
Elizabeth's doing a quilt-along, and look what I'm bringing to the party: I've got Pips and I'm not afraid to use 'em! I'm doing Moda Bella Solids in Blue Raspberry for the sashing.
Central Park quilt
Oh, and I have big plans for this humble little jelly roll here. Big plans involving many sketches.
Completed tops awaiting quilting:
Hope Valley quilt
Modern Meadow Baby Quilt
Fall Equinox (Fat Quarterly quilt-along quilt)
Nearing UFO status:
That Girl quilt-along
Figgy Pudding quilt
Wonky Log Cabin
This week's stats:
New projects - 3
Completed projects - 1 (Bloom Pillow)
Currently in progress - 10 (up two from last week)
Your turn. Link up any post with one or more works in progress—just be sure to link back to here and comment on some of the other links. Happy WIP Wednesday!
17 comments:
Ooooh, I love that little Central Park jelly roll. I love your new wip, the king size Intersections quilt. I can't wait to see how that turns out, it sounds awesome! And yes, I think we are just as fascinating as the Real Housewives...quilting can be just as dramatic, right? :)ReplyDelete
Your urban lattice quilt is looking great! I have a hard time slowing down towards the end too. I get way to excited and impatient.ReplyDelete
Good luck with your King size. I just finished mine and it's a bear to work with such a big quilt!
Love your Central Park jelly roll. I just cut into mine and know that line is going to be a budge buster this year!
I can't wait to see the urban lattice all done! I am pretty sure I will be joining in the sliced coins as well, just need my background fabric.ReplyDelete
I am jealous you got Central Park! Love that line.
Great fabric choices for your mom's quilt. I am still scared to mix lines. I will be doing it on the sliced coins though, since I am using random fats from my stash.
Oh, I am having fabric envy. Urban Lattice = lovely. Pips!!! Those browns, swoon. And I love Central Park. What fun projects! :)ReplyDelete
Your Urban Lattice Quilt looks great! I can't wait to see it finished! I love that Central Park jelly roll! I was torn between that and It's a Hoot for the psiquilt quilt along, thanks for hosting WIP Wednesday!!ReplyDelete
so many projects so little time. I love the ice skaters though.ReplyDelete
the urban lattice quilt is going to be beautiful!! I get my carpet laid tomorrow..then look out...lol....I am so anxious to get at my quilt tops....thanks for this posting...I thoroughly enjoy reading them; even though I can't take part as of yet....a pleasureReplyDelete
I'm always in awe of your color choices! They look so clean together.ReplyDelete
I love looking at the fabrics for my quilt. It is exciting. Love, MomReplyDelete
I think I might have figured it out. I need to preview first or my comment disappears.ReplyDelete
ACK! The idea of really tallying up my in progress stuff scares me! :D I love the urgan lattice quilt and can't wait to see your sherbet pips quilt, too!ReplyDelete
I love what you have going on--especially that blue, brown and green collection of fabric. That will be great.ReplyDelete
Great progress! I too have Central Park hanging out with me (charm pack). I resisted cutting it today, so that it technically wouldn't be a WiP yet, ha! Thanks for hosting this, I enjoy collecting my thoughts about my projects each week!ReplyDelete
Love that King Size Intersections quilt in progress! Kinf size quilts are always a handful but it is going to be beautiful on your mom's bed!ReplyDelete
all of your projects are just gorgeous! how do you find the time?... and you have TWO kids... I only have 1 9mo old baby boy. :-)ReplyDelete
so I do have a WIP... blogged here:
Your WIP posts are always so motivating to me. I love reading what you have in the works.ReplyDelete
I've never made a king size quilt before, but you're sure brave.
I'm so liking your urban lattice quilt! Thanks for inspiring us to work on our WIPs every week!ReplyDelete


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How do environmental regulations impact small businesses?
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text: getting some much needed rain this morning , just hope it keeps it up , we depend on ground water & it is getting very low, it will take a lot more than we are getting! the last time we got enough rain to recharge our ground water was 1983 we had a wet winter & in july we got 15 inches in 24 hrs. the same thing in august,which was very unusual because that is our 2 dryest months we could only get out of town in 1 direction. the local rivers were out of ther banks . flooded the golf coarse the big shots had to do without playing golf for weeks, thats what we need now! dangit can't shoot today to wet. have a good day & good shooting.


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Constipation in Children
On this page:
- What is constipation in children?
- What is the gastrointestinal (GI) tract?
- How common is constipation in children?
- What causes constipation in children?
- What are the signs of constipation in children?
- When should a child with constipation see a health care provider?
- How is the cause of constipation in children diagnosed?
- How is constipation in children treated?
- Eating, Diet, and Nutrition
- What are the complications of constipation in children?
- Points to Remember
- Hope through Research
- For More Information
- Acknowledgments
What is constipation in children?
Constipation in children is a condition in which a child has fewer than two bowel movements a week or has bowel movements with stools that are hard, dry, and small, making them painful or difficult to pass. The child may feel bloated or have pain in the abdomen—the area between the chest and hips. Children with constipation may be unable to push all of the stool out of their body.
Constipation can be acute, which means sudden and lasting a short time, or chronic, which means lasting a long time, even years. Most constipation is acute and not dangerous. In rare cases, children can have chronic constipation.
What is the gastrointestinal (GI) tract?
The GI tract is a series of hollow organs joined in a long, twisting tube from the mouth to the anus. The body digests food using the movement of muscles in the GI tract, along with the release of hormones and enzymes. Organs that make up the GI tract are the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine—which includes the appendix, cecum, colon, and rectum—and anus. The intestines are sometimes called the bowel. The last part of the GI tract—called the lower GI tract—consists of the large intestine and anus.
The large intestine absorbs water and any remaining nutrients from partially digested food passed from the small intestine. The large intestine then changes waste from liquid to a solid matter called stool. Stool passes from the colon to the rectum. The rectum is located between the last part of the colon—called the sigmoid colon—and the anus. The rectum stores stool prior to a bowel movement. During a bowel movement, stool moves from the rectum to the anus, the opening through which stool leaves the body.
How common is constipation in children?
Constipation is quite common in children. Almost 5 percent of pediatric office visits and 25 percent of referrals to gastroenterology specialists—doctors who specialize in digestive diseases—are for constipation in children.1
1Blackmer AB, Farrington EA. Constipation in the pediatric patient: an overview and pharmacologic considerations. Journal of Pediatric Health Care. 2010;24(6):385–399.
What causes constipation in children?
Constipation is caused by stool spending too much time in the colon. The colon absorbs too much water from the stool, making it hard and dry. Hard, dry stool is more difficult for the muscles of the rectum to push out of the body.
Common factors or disorders that lead to constipation in children are
- diets low in fiber
- medications
- ignoring the urge to have a bowel movement
- specific diseases and conditions
- functional GI disorders
Diets Low in Fiber
A common cause of constipation is a diet with too little fiber. Fiber is a substance in foods that comes from plants. Fiber helps stool stay soft so it moves smoothly through the colon. Liquids such as water and juice help fiber to be more effective.
Medications that can cause constipation in children include
- pain medications, especially narcotics
- antacids that contain aluminum and calcium
- some antidepressants
- anticholinergics—medications that relax the bladder muscles to prevent urgent, frequent, or uncontrolled urination
Ignoring the Urge to Have a Bowel Movement
Children most commonly develop constipation as a result of holding in stool. As the child squeezes the muscles around the anus to prevent a bowel movement, stool is pushed back into the rectum. Eventually, the muscles in the rectum and lower colon stretch, reducing muscle tone and causing the child to retain stool. Fluid continues to be absorbed from the stool, causing the stool to become hard, dry, and difficult to pass. Children may withhold stool because they are feeling stressed about potty training, are embarrassed to use a public bathroom, do not want to interrupt playtime, or are fearful of having a painful or an unpleasant bowel movement.
Specific Diseases and Conditions
Certain diseases and conditions can delay movement of stool through the GI tract and cause constipation, including
- botulism—a rare but serious illness caused by a toxin from a bacterium that affects the nerves and causes constipation. Infant botulism is usually caused by consuming contaminated honey.
- Hirschsprung disease—a birth defect in which the large intestine is lacking some nerve cells, which means the signals that tell the muscles to push stool along are missing; stool remains in the large intestine and causes blockage.
- obstructive conditions that block part of the lower GI tract.
- diabetes and other metabolic or endocrine disorders that disrupt the process the body uses to get or make energy from food.
Read more about Hirschsprung disease in What I need to know about Hirschsprung Disease at www.digestive.niddk.nih.gov.
Functional GI Disorders
Functional GI disorders are problems caused by changes in how the GI tract works. Children with a functional GI disorder have frequent symptoms; however, the GI tract does not become damaged. Functional constipation often occurs in children during one of three periods:
- when infants are transitioned from breast milk to formula or when solid foods are introduced
- when toddlers are being toilet trained and attempt to control bowel movements
- when children start school and avoid using the bathroom at school for bowel movements
Functional constipation is diagnosed in children up to 4 years of age who have had at least two of the following symptoms for 1 month:2
- two or fewer bowel movements per week
- at least one episode of fecal incontinence—accidental leakage of solid or liquid stool—per week in toilet-trained children
- history of excessive stool retention
- history of painful or hard bowel movements
- presence of a large fecal mass in the rectum
- history of large-diameter stools that may block the toilet
Functional constipation is diagnosed in children 4 to 18 years of age who have had at least two of the following symptoms for 2 months and do not have irritable bowel syndrome (IBS):2
- two or fewer bowel movements per week
- at least one episode of fecal incontinence per week
- history of excessive stool retention
- history of painful or hard bowel movements
- presence of a large fecal mass in the rectum
- history of large-diameter stools that may block the toilet
IBS is a functional GI disorder with symptoms that include abdominal pain or discomfort, often reported as cramping, along with diarrhea, constipation, or both. Read more in Irritable Bowel Syndrome in Children at www.digestive.niddk.nih.gov.
2Di Lorenzo C, Rasquin A, Forbes D, et al. Childhood functional gastrointestinal disorders: child/adolescent. In: Drossman DA, ed. Rome III: The Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders. 3rd ed. Lawrence, KS: Allen Press, Inc.; 2006: 754–761.
What are the signs of constipation in children?
Signs of constipation in children include the following:
- postures that indicate the child is holding in stool, such as standing on tiptoes and then rocking back on the heels of the feet, clenching buttocks muscles, and other unusual, dancelike behaviors. Parents often mistake such postures as attempts to push out stool.
- abdominal pain and cramping.
- stool in the child's underwear. Delaying a bowel movement can result in a large mass of stool in the rectum, called a fecal impaction. Stool builds up behind the impaction and may unexpectedly leak, soiling a child's underwear. Parents often mistake this soiling as a sign of diarrhea.
- urinary incontinence. Stool in the colon can press against the bladder and cause daytime or nighttime wetting.
When should a child with constipation see a health care provider?
A child should see a health care provider if symptoms of constipation last for more than 2 weeks. A child should see a health care provider sooner if the child has constipation and one or more of the following symptoms that may indicate a more serious health problem:
- fever
- vomiting
- blood in the stool
- a swollen abdomen
- weight loss
How is the cause of constipation in children diagnosed?
To diagnose the cause of constipation in children, the health care provider takes a medical history, performs a physical exam, and may order specific tests.
Medical History
The medical history includes questions about a family history of constipation and the child's bowel habits, dietary history, and social situations. Bowel habits include the time after birth for the first bowel movement and frequency and consistency of bowel movements. Dietary history includes what the child usually eats and drinks. Social situations that may affect bowel movements include day care attendance and toilet training. The health care provider will also ask whether the child has a disorder or is taking medication that can cause constipation.
Physical Exam
A physical exam should include feeling the child's abdomen for swelling, tenderness, and masses and listening for bowel sounds. The health care provider may perform a rectal exam with a gloved, lubricated finger to evaluate the tone of the muscle that closes off the anus—called the anal sphincter—and to detect tenderness, obstruction, or blood. The health care provider may perform a test for blood in the stool by placing a small sample of the child's stool on a paper card and adding a drop or two of testing solution. A color change is a sign of blood in the stool.
Diagnostic Tests
Diagnostic testing is not usually needed for children with constipation unless they do not respond to treatment. In some cases, blood may be tested to determine whether a specific disease or condition is causing the constipation. Blood drawn at a health care provider's office or a commercial facility is sent to a lab for analysis.
An x ray of the abdomen may be performed to look for problems causing the child's constipation. An x ray is a picture created by using radiation and recorded on film or a computer. The amount of radiation used is small. An x ray is performed at a hospital or an outpatient center by an x-ray technician, and the images are interpreted by a radiologist—a doctor who specializes in medical imaging. Anesthesia is not needed. The child will lie on a table or stand during the x ray. The x-ray machine is positioned over the abdominal area. The child will hold his or her breath as the picture is taken so that the picture will not be blurry. The child may be asked to change position for additional pictures.
Other diagnostic tests performed depend on the suspected underlying cause based on the medical history and physical exam.
How is constipation in children treated?
Treatment for constipation in children may include one or more of the following:
- changes in eating, diet, and nutrition
- behavioral changes
- medication
Eating, Diet, and Nutrition
Dietary changes to help treat constipation in children include drinking prune juice and increasing fruits and vegetables. Children should drink liquids throughout the day. A health care provider can recommend about how much a child should drink each day based on the child's age, health, and activity level and where the child lives.
The Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics recommends that daily consumption of fiber be "age plus 5" grams for children.3 A 7-year-old child, for example, should get "7 plus 5," or 12, grams of fiber a day. Children often eat too many refined and processed foods from which the natural fiber has been removed. A health care provider can help plan a diet with the appropriate amount of fiber. A list of high-fiber foods is shown below. For children prone to constipation, limiting foods that have little or no fiber, such as ice cream, cheese, meat, and processed foods, is also important.
Behavioral Changes
Older children should be encouraged to use the toilet shortly after meals to promote regular stool passage. Some children may respond well to a reward system. Children who are still in the process of toilet training may need to take a break from toilet training until the constipation resolves.
Initial treatment of constipation in children often involves a thorough cleansing of the bowel. An enema involves flushing water or laxative into the anus using a special squirt bottle.
Laxatives are medications that loosen stool and increase bowel movements. Different laxatives work in different ways. Children should take medication until their bowel habits are normal for an extended period of time and they have overcome their holding behavior. If treatment is stopped too soon, a child will likely become constipated again. Caregivers should not give children laxatives unless told to do so by a health care provider. Read more about different types of laxatives in Constipation at www.digestive.niddk.nih.gov.
Oral therapies can also be used to clear out the bowel. Both enemas and oral therapies can usually be given at home as directed by a child's health care provider. However, a child who does not respond to treatment may need to be admitted to the hospital.
3Slavin JL. Position of the American Dietetic Association: health implications of dietary fiber. Journal of the American Dietetic Association. 2008;108:1716–1731.
What are the complications of constipation in children?
Constipation in children can lead to fecal impaction if hard stool packs the intestine and rectum so tightly that the normal pushing action of the colon is not enough to expel the stool. The impaction should be cleared using an enema or large doses of oral laxatives for other treatments to be effective. Constipation in children can also lead to anal fissures—small tears in the anus that may cause itching, pain, or bleeding—or rectal prolapse—a condition in which the rectum slips so that it protrudes from the anus.
Points to Remember
- Children who have constipation pass fewer than two bowel movements a week or have bowel movements with stools that are hard, dry, and small, making them painful or difficult to pass.
- Constipation can be acute, which means sudden and lasting a short time, or chronic, which means lasting a long time, even years. Most constipation is acute and not dangerous. In rare cases, children can have chronic constipation.
- Constipation in children can be caused
- diets low in fiber
- medications
- ignoring the urge to have a bowel movement
- specific diseases and conditions
- functional gastrointestinal (GI) disorders
- Signs of constipation in children
include the following:
- postures that indicate the child is holding in stool, such as standing on tiptoes and then rocking back on the heels of the feet, clenching buttocks muscles, and other unusual, dancelike behaviors
- abdominal pain and cramping
- stool in the child's underwear
- urinary incontinence
- To diagnose the cause of constipation in children, the health care provider takes a medical history, performs a physical exam, and may order specific tests.
- Treatment for constipation in children
may include one or more of the
- changes in eating, diet, and nutrition
- behavioral changes
- medication
- Constipation in children can lead to fecal impaction if hard stool packs the intestine and rectum so tightly that the normal pushing action of the colon is not enough to expel the stool. Constipation in children can also lead to anal fissures or rectal prolapse.
Hope through Research
The National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) and other components of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) conduct and support basic and clinical research into many digestive disorders in children, including constipation.
Clinical trials are research studies involving people. Clinical trials look at safe and effective new ways to prevent, detect, or treat disease. Researchers also use clinical trials to look at other aspects of care, such as improving the quality of life for people with chronic illnesses. To learn more about clinical trials, why they matter, and how to participate, visit the NIH Clinical Research Trials and You website at www.nih.gov/health/clinicaltrials. For information about current studies, visit www.ClinicalTrials.gov.
For More Information
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Phone: 1–888–964–2001 or 414–964–1799
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Phone: 215–233–0808
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Publications produced by the Clearinghouse are carefully reviewed by both NIDDK scientists and outside experts. This publication was reviewed by Carlo Di Lorenzo, M.D., Nationwide Children's Hospital.
You may also find additional information about this topic by visiting MedlinePlus at www.medlineplus.gov.
This publication may contain information about medications and, when taken as prescribed, the conditions they treat. When prepared, this publication included the most current information available. For updates or for questions about any medications, contact the U.S. Food and Drug Administration toll-free at 1–888–INFO–FDA (1–888–463–6332) or visit www.fda.gov. Consult your health care provider for more information.
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Phone: 1–800–891–5389
Fax: 703–738–4929
Email: email@example.com
Internet: www.digestive.niddk.nih.gov
The National Digestive Diseases Information Clearinghouse (NDDIC) is a service of the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK). The NIDDK is part of the National Institutes of Health of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Established in 1980, the Clearinghouse provides information about digestive diseases to people with digestive disorders and to their families, health care professionals, and the public. The NDDIC answers inquiries, develops and distributes publications, and works closely with professional and patient organizations and Government agencies to coordinate resources about digestive diseases.
This publication is not copyrighted. The Clearinghouse encourages users of this publication to duplicate and distribute as many copies as desired.
NIH Publication No. 13–4633
September 2013
Page last updated August 22, 2013


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Left turns at Square? Have your say Sept. 4
SALISBURY — What do you think about the possibility of turning left at the Square? How about narrowing Long Street from five lanes?
The city wants to know.
The city will host a public meeting from 5:30 to 6:30 p.m. Wednesday, Sept. 4 at City Hall to discuss plans for the Innes Street and Long Street corridors and the potential for allowing left-hand turns at the Square — the intersection of Innes and Main streets.
This is the first public meeting for this study, dubbed "The Complete Streets."
The study will involve an in-depth look at left turns at the Square and will include consideration for future land uses along the corridor, as well as sustainability, connectivity and transportation planning.
The design team asks the public to help identify issues within these corridors and develop a wish list to increase the safety, functionality, economic vitality and aesthetics of Innes and Long streets.
City Hall is located at 217 S. Main St.
Anyone interested in the future of these corridors is invited to attend.