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Horse rescued from septic sinkhole
Published On: May 02 2014 05:33:20 PM MDT
Firefighters successfully rescued a 15-year-old mini horse from a four-foot sinkhole in Massachusetts that was the cesspool of an old septic system.
According to WSHM-TV, authorities responded to a home in South Chatham after a caller reported the animal had fallen into the hole around 6 a.m. Friday.
Firefighters dug a ramp for the horse to safely walk out of the hole. The horse was uninjured, but agitated by the incident.
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The neurosurgery team at The Valley Hospital is comprised of physicians expertly trained in the latest surgical techniques to treat conditions and injuries of the brain. Our physicians, along with a staff of nurses and support staff provide comprehensive care to patients seeking treatment for a neurological condition, brain tumor, or injury.
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Scott commits to Edinburgh
ESPNscrum Staff
January 9, 2012
Matt Scott makes a break earlier in the season © Getty Images
Edinburgh have received a boost ahead of their Heineken Cup clash against Racing Metro on Friday with the news that Matt Scott has committed his future to the side.
Centre Scott has signed a new two-year extension to his contract after signing an elite development deal last summer. He is now tied to the club until 2014 and Scott, who crossed the line against Munster and Leinster for the side, is looking forward to continuing his law studies along with developing his game.
"At times it's been challenging to manage my studies, training and playing, but this is evidence that the hard work is paying off," Scott said."I'm really looking forward to finishing my degree and focusing all my energy on being a professional rugby player."
Scott thanked head coach Michael Bradley for showing faith in him. The 21-year-old said: "It's good to know that my performances have merited a lot of game time and this new contract, which will allow me to pursue my dreams at the club I've grown up supporting."
Head coach Bradley said: "It's fantastic for the club to have bright young players like Matt committing to the club.He took full advantage of the opportunity offered to our younger players when the internationalists were in New Zealand for the Rugby World Cup and has worked hard to keep his place in the squad since their return.
"He's an Edinburgh boy through and through so it means a lot to him to get this deal and I'm sure he'll prove to be an asset to the club in the years to come."
© ESPN Sports Media Ltd.
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In the blink of an eye, a winger can go from a hero to villain. Hugh Godwin talks to Zac Guildford and David Strettle about life on the flank
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As Ewen McKenzie exits stage left, the ARU remains under huge pressure, with CEO Bill Pulver feeling the brunt of Australian rugby's displeasure, Greg Growden writes
The latest Week in Pictures takes in the remarkable events in Brisbane and the first round of the European Rugby Champions Cup


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"Uptown" featuring Renee Robinson and The Ailey School
Various venues
Sun Apr 28 2013
- $$
Photograph: Andrew Eccles
Not yet rated
Time Out says
Wed Mar 6 2013
Ballet, poetry, and jazz make up this beautiful retelling of the Harlem Renaissance. Watch Langston Huges, Josephine Baker, Nat King Cole and other Harlem legends recreate the historic era. Ages 7 and up.
CommentsAdd +


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Yet another fall season is zooming past and last year I was the worst at blogging my sessions (shame on me) and I vowed to be better this year. "Blogging" is always last on my to do list, well, not… Continue reading
Category Archives:
On a steamy, mosquito-filled evening a few weeks back, Sarah and I met up for her senior portrait session. Even with a can of "Off" in my camera bag, I was itching for days after our shoot, but I can… Continue reading
I thought I'd take a minute on this beautiful fall afternoon to share a few photos from a recent senior grad session. Plus, I wanted to make sure you all knew I was still around, even though my blog would… Continue reading
Paige is my first high school senior of the year! We met back before school started and I'm so excited to finally share some of my favorite images! Paige is a photographer herself and we had so much fun planning… Continue reading
Yes, you read that right… it's my last grad session from the spring. Tonight is my first 2013 Senior session (if the weather cooperates), so I thought I should PROBABLY wrap things up with last year's seniors. I couldn't not… Continue reading
This is Sam and he just graduated this past Saturday! I thought I'd get some of my favorite photos from his session up on the blog. We had quite an adventure when we met up at the beginning of… Continue reading
This is Paige! We had a fantastically warm and beautiful evening for her shoot and I had a blast with her and her mom, Christie. I knew Paige when she was a 3rd grader! She was in the classroom next… Continue reading
I had such a fun evening with Melissa and her mom a few weeks ago. At that time Melissa had recently received the awesome news that she'd been accepted to Ohio Northern University's School of Pharmacy! She's super smart AND… Continue reading
It's been a little while since I submitted a photo, but with all my recent sessions with gorgeous girl graduates, how could I not enter when the theme is "Hey Girl…"? I have posted a couple of Paige's senior photos… Continue reading
I've been wanting to share these photos all week, but it's been a little crazy! I won't type too much so I can post this tonight! I met up with Sadie over spring break for a senior session and had… Continue reading


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Quote from: jament on September 15, 2006, 04:24:01 PM
But - let's say I'm on D, I want to poke check a guy at the blue line and then hip check him if the poke doesn't dislodge the puck. You're saying I don't use buttons to do that? How does it work? Huh? Eh? What?
The right shoulder button poke checks (in the direction of the right stick), or default directly in front if you don't use the right stick.
You hit someone by simply pushing the right stick in the direction of the victim.
The left shoulder button can be used to hook or tie up someone. I hooked someone on a break away and definitely got called for it. You can use the left SB to keep guys pinned against the boards too.
Pressing both shoulder buttons at the same time makes your guy block.
That's pretty much it! You can clear pucks by doing a slap shot or pulling the right trigger for a pass.


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Originally written on Larry Brown Sports | Last updated 10/25/14
Sunday's NFL game between the Dallas Cowboys and Cincinnati Bengals will have additional importance for Pacman Jones. The Cincinnati defensive back will be facing his former team and says he will have extra motivation. "Sunday I'll have a double chip on my shoulder," Jones said Wednesday, via Bengals.com. "I'll let the game come to me and play hard." Jones also said it's a game "deep down in your heart you want this one." The Cowboys gave Jones an opportunity to play after he was suspended for the 2007 NFL season because of his role in a Las Vegas strip club shooting. He continued to act immaturely in Dallas and he got into an altercation with his bouncer that led to a four-game suspension. He did not play well with the team and was released in January 2009. Though the Cowboys gave Jones a second chance, he still has some bitterness towards them. "I love Jerry with all my heart," Jones said before Wednesday's practice, per Bengals.com. "I'm not going to get into what I don'
Original Story: http://larrybrownsports.com/football/...
PLAYERS: Wade Phillips, Terrell Owens, Tony Romo
TEAMS: Dallas Cowboys, Cincinnati Bengals
TEAMS: Dallas Cowboys, Cincinnati Bengals
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Begyle Hophazardly (In Store Only)
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22oz Bottle $96.99
Case of 12
22oz Bottle $96.99
Case of 12
Item #58264
Size: 22oz
Type: Ale
Varietal: IPA
Country: United States
Region: Illinois
Prices, promotions and availability may vary by store and online.
Arcade Grapefruit IPA
"It's dangerous to go alone…take this with you. Arcade Brewery has crafted this very sessionable IPA featuring citrus hop aroma and the addition of grapefruit; creating an awesome balance between hop bitterness and the citrus bite. A fine balancing act of biscuit malts allows a long hop finish wont fatigue taste buds; allowing the second pint to build off the first. An immensely sessionable ale, [the] Grapefruit IPA will win over all drinkers and give IPA lovers a new take on the incredibly popular style."
$7.99 / 22oz Bottle
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Spiteful 10-9 Bike Messenger Appreciation IPA
"October 9th marks bike messenger appreciation day, so raise a class of this IPA brewed and dry hopped with El Dorado and a pinch of Citra hops. These people are overworked and underpaid as they bike through anything that Mother Nature brings, delivering packages on time. What is better than a half-hour delivery service when it's crunch time? So next time you see a messenger racing through a yellow light, get the hell out of the way!"
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I recently found a S&W 1917 Heritage 22-4 in mint shape at a local PS. The tag read $649. but I got him down to $550 out the door. It has a case hardened frame and looks to be unfired. I think I got a good deal. I'll post photos when I pick it up in June. I have plenty of .45 acp, but does anyone have .45 auto rim loading info?
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Hey Everyone!
Just wondering if anyone has implemented RADIUS based VLANs on their organisation/school, be very interested in how you did it!
Tom (wow it turned out I cannot spell Radius- sorry all!)
Printable View
Hey Everyone!
Just wondering if anyone has implemented RADIUS based VLANs on their organisation/school, be very interested in how you did it!
Tom (wow it turned out I cannot spell Radius- sorry all!)
Yup, been running them for 5+ years here. We have IAS set up with a bunch of rules, the core switch (HP 5406zl) talks with that, and all the ports across the network are set to use aaa port-based mac address auth. Then, in our AD we have a username for each MAC address that's allowed on, and groups which match up with the IAS rules for each vlan.
Some devices do not like this though (printers mostly) and have their vlan st statically on the switches.
I'm pondering moving as much as I can over to 802.1x based auth though, using login names etc... We've started the move for Wi-Fi already.
This is awesome localzuk, how are you finding the 802.1x based vlans through wifi? Must be annoying to setup!
It works ok, the details are set by GPO for our windows 7 laptops. We're using a single vlan with multiple ssids at the moment but later this summer we're moving to 3 vlans. One which will be dedicated to 802.1x.
The other 2 will be for guests and for non-802.1x devices but authenticated by the proxy.
No idea what is there now, but for a number of years (with XP, Vista, 7, os x, printers) I ran an entirely RADIUS vlan assigned network, wired and wireless. I combined this with the 5400 ACLs to have different server vlans available to different clients.
All procurve with 802.1x for domain machine vlan assignment, MAC auth for printers and devices that don't support 802.1x and Apple machines (although now they have better 802.1x iirc). It worked pretty well, non auth machines ended up in an unauthenticated VLAN that only had WDS/mac imaging and domain join facilities. Gets around multicast on vlans with WDS as they all drop into the unauthenticated when network booting!
Still some issues with windows 7 not holding netlogon for the auth, but it works nearly all the time.
Only ever defeated by a phone system that had to have static vlan assignment, it was very quiet, never sent any traffic out when you plugged it into the network - no MAC gets seen for the switch to authenticate!
its really great that you guys actually have this setup, make me see the "light at the end of the tunnel". thanks very much for your insight!


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Maryland Weekly Fishing Report Overview | June 05, 2013
As we enter the first week of June Chesapeake Bay fishermen are seeing all areas of the bay and its tributaries open to Striped Bass fishing entering the traditional summer season. Freshwater fishermen find almost ideal water temperatures for a wide variety of fishing opportunities and warming water temperatures in the coastal areas are bringing in summer species to the region.
Fishermen are enjoying new fishing opportunities in the lower Susquehanna River this week now that the entire river is open to Striped Bass fishing all the way up to the dam pool. There are plenty of Striped Bass around and fishermen are catching them by casting swim shads, jigs, crankbaits as well as live lining eels and White Perch. The White Perch fishing in the lower river continues to be excellent and most fishermen are casting shad darts, small spinnerbaits or extra heavy spinners. Flathead Catfish are ready to give anyone a tussle near the dam pool on fresh bait or heavy swim shads and Channel Catfish are plentiful throughout the entire upper bay region. White Perch are also plentiful in the other tidal rivers of the upper bay region and can provide excellent fishing opportunities since water temperatures are nearly ideal for shallower areas close to shore. Structure such as old piers, channel edges and hard bottom are all great places to jig, cast spinners or use bottom rigs with bait. The Baltimore Harbor area, Hart-Miller Island and similar areas offer good fishing opportunities this time of the year while water temperatures are still in the low 70's.
There is some Striped Bass action being reported at traditional upper bay chumming locations such as Swan, Love and Podickory Points with some of the better success being found with fresh baits being allowed to sink to the bottom far back in a chum slick. Trolling along channel edges and similar structure is being described as a slow pick for fish in the 18" to 26" size range. The Bay Bridge piers is a good place to start fishing if you're launching a boat near by and the piers, rock piles and the sewer pipe are producing fish for fishermen jigging, chunking or live lining Spot. The inside of Hackett's Bar, which is just below the bridge on the western shore, has been a good place to put together a supply of live Spot this week plus a mix of croaker and White Perch. The outside edge of Hackett's is providing a good place to also live line those Spot for Striped Bass.
Other fishing opportunities below the Bay Bridge include traditionally popular places to live line or jig such as Thomas Point, the Hill and channel edges on both sides of the bay. Eastern Bay continues to hold a lot of bait and jigging over suspended fish or under breaking fish continues to be a good option. The rocks near Poplar Island have also been a good place to cast a variety of lures during morning and evening low light conditions. Trolling along both sides of the bay and Eastern Bay has been good despite the recent May Worm swarms and small to medium sized bucktails and swim shads behind umbrella rigs or in tandem have been effective. Herb Floyd holds up a nice 26" fish caught while trolling this past weekend.
Photo Courtesy of Herb Floyd
In the middle and lower bay regions fishermen are finding breaking fish along the edges of channels in the bay and lower sections of tidal rivers. Casting soft plastics or bucktails is a fun way to fish and allowing jigs to sink underneath the surface action usually puts one into a larger grade of fish. Bluefish have yet to make the scene in the Maryland portion of the bay so soft plastics are still safe for jigging and trolling. Live lining spot is taking off in a big way this week now that it is relatively easy to find Spot and the 35' deep channel edge out in front of the Gas Docks is living up to its reputation as a great place to live line those Spot. Fishermen should never forget to explore any good looking channel edge or structure wherever they are on the bay or any of the tidal rivers for Striped Bass. The satisfaction of finding one's own secret spot is one of those fun and rewarding facets of fishing. The lower Patuxent River and especially the lower Potomac are reported to be offering good to excellent fishing for Striped Bass by trolling, jigging, live lining or casting.
Black Drum continue to attract the attention of a select group of anglers looking for a heavy duty fight. A soft crab bait continues to be the bait of choice but often prove hard to acquire lately. The traditional areas such as the Sharps Island Flats area continue to be a popular place to give this "drop it on their head" type of fishing but there is always the surprise of hooking up with one of these beasts while croaker fishing.
Shallow water fishing could be described as being at it's zenith in many areas of the middle and lower bay this week. Water temperatures are in the low 70's and Striped Bass are cruising the shallows near points and areas with good water exchange along bay shores and tidal rivers and creeks. Casting swim shads and a variety of other lures is a relaxing and fun way to fish with light tackle. Speckled Trout are a big part of the mix especially on the lower eastern shore with most being 20" or better and Red Drum over 18" have also been a very welcomed addition for some lucky anglers. Jeremy Mercer holds up a nice Speckled Trout he caught on a jig in the Honga River recently.
Photo Courtesy of Jeremy Mercer
White Perch are now a big part of the shallow water fishing action around shoreline structure for fishermen casting spinners and jigs whether in a boat or the shoreline. White Perch offer some great fishing opportunities for young fishermen when fishing from docks; often the best fishing is right next to the dock and fishing with grass shrimp on a bottom rig or bobber is hard to beat. Fishing for croaker has improved this week in most areas of the middle and lower bay and they mix in well with White Perch, spot and Channel Catfish; in the lower Potomac medium sized Blue Catfish often out number the croaker.
Recreational crabbers are finding their success improving ever so slowly each week as the season progresses. Small and light crabs are a big part of talk among trot liners and collapsible trap crabbers during this early segment of the season. The best crabbing reports are coming from the lower bay tidal creeks and rivers; especially on the lower eastern shore.
Freshwater fishermen are reporting some fun fishing in many of the trout management waters in the western and central regions this week. The crowds have thinned, water temperatures are still cool and there are trout. Fishermen are still using bait in the put and take areas but many have switched to lures such as spinners to cover more water and maybe entice a big one to strike such as this whopper caught by Ethan Fike at Lions Park Pond in Frostburg while fishing with his dad. His father drove Ethan to the Bassin Box award center in Lavale where Ethan registered his award certificate qualifying trout into the Maryland Fishing Challenge. We hope to see Ethan at the award ceremony on September 7th at Sandy Point State Park and hopefully he may win the boat, motor and trailer prize or perhaps the world destination fishing trip so he can take his father fishing.
Photo Courtesy of Mark Fike
This is the best of times for Largemouth and Smallmouth Bass fishermen as ideal water temperatures and post-spawn behavior has fish in an aggressive feeding mood. Fishermen report that shallow grass and structure such as spatterdock fields and brush or fallen tree tops offer great places to try for Largemouth Bass that are poking around these areas looking for small baitfish or crawfish. Topwater lures, spinnerbaits, soft plastics and shallow running crankbaits are all good choices to use. Smallmouth Bass can be found in selected areas of the central region such as the lower Susquehanna River, Liberty Reservoir and Prettyboy Reservoir. Deep Creek Lake and the upper Potomac River hold excellent fishing opportunities for Smallmouth Bass this week in the western region. Tubes, swim shads, crankbaits and live shiners are all good choices for Smallmouth Bass.
Ocean City area fishermen are seeing surf water temperatures rise above 60-degrees this week. Surf fishermen are still catching large Striped Bass in the surf on menhaden or clam baits along with large numbers of Cow-Nosed Rays, dogfish and Black Tip Sharks and a few large Bluefish. A mix of Kingfish, Spot, sea trout and blowfish can be caught on smaller baits. At the inlet and Route 50 Bridge area fishermen are catching some nice large Striped Bass and Bluefish at night on swim shads, Got-Cha plugs and live Spot; during the day flounder, blowfish, small Bluefish and a few Tautog round out the bill. In the back bay areas flounder fishing remains good with a few sea trout and ever present Cow-Nosed Rays taking squid baits.
Sea Bass fishing at the wreck sites remains steady with one or two limits being obtained on each trip on the party boats. Tautog are part of the mix and Fred Brungart of York, Pennsylvania got a surprise last Friday when he brought up what he thought was a big Tautog. It turned out to be a 24lb Cod Fish which is a pending Maryland state record which fills a category that had remained vacant. Anyone old enough to remember winter time Cod fishing in the late 50's may remember fish of this size being common and pool winners often in the 50lb to 60lb class. Hopefully Fred's Cod is a harbinger of a dearly missed fishery that may make a comeback.
Photo by Carol Cain
Fishermen have been heading out to some of the traditional 30-fathom lumps such as the Hot Dog, Fingers and even the Hambone, which is a little shallower, are catching a mix of Blue Sharks, Makos and Thresher Sharks this week. No real whoppers have been reported yet but there is some action to be had. There is a pending world record mako submission of a 1,325lb specimen caught off of California. For any fishermen there is always that eternal hope that you just never know what you might catch when you cast into the vast waters of the ocean.
"Angling is tightly woven in a fabric of moral, social and philosophical threads which are not easily rent by the violent climate of our times." - A.J. McClane
Keith Lockwood has been writing the Fishing Report since 2003 and has had a long career as a fisheries research biologist since 1973. Over the course of his career he has studied estuarine fishery populations, ocean species, and over a decade long study of bioaccumulation of chemicals in aquatic species in New Jersey. Upon moving to Oxford on the eastern shore of Maryland; research endeavors focused on a variety of catch and release studies as well as other fisheries related research at the Cooperative Oxford Laboratory. Education and outreach to the fishing public has always been an important component to the mission of these studies. Keith is an avid outdoorsman enjoying hunting, fishing, bird dogs, family and life on the eastern shore of Maryland.
Recreational Angler
Total Reports:
Best Time to Harvest Some Panfish
Type: Freshwater
Region: Central
Location: Local Ponds
Tags: Panfish, Bluegills, Sunfish, Crappie, White Perch, Yellow Perch
Just want to remind everyone that now is one of the best times to harvest and eat a few panfish fillets. Bluegills, crappies, white and yellow perch, along with a host of hybrid sunfish species are chowing down in the fall. We recently enjoyed catches of 75, 31, 70 and 62 panfish, mostly bluegills, on our last four trips respectively from small public waters. Of those totals we kept 30 for the pan, releasing the rest.
Small 1/64th or 1/80th ounce shad darts or hair jigs tipped with worms or mealworms are our top producers. Fish them 3 to 5 feet below a sensitive bobber and allow the wind to drift them along weed edges, creek channels or around sunken brush or wood. Good luck and harvest only what you can eat for a few meals and release the rest, especially the larger specimens.
Photo shows Matt Gronaw with a pair of great fall bluegills from one of our recent trips.
Recreational Angler
Total Reports:
Garrett County Style Largemouth
Type: Freshwater
Region: Western
Location: Garrett County
Tags: Largemouth Bass
Recently caught and released on a rainy day somewhere in Garrett county, MD. Used an artificial frog. Photo by my son, Sean Major.
Fisheries Biologist
Total Reports:
Fisheries Management Class Helps with Surveys
Type: Freshwater
Region: Western
Location: North Branch Potomac River
Tags: Brook Trout, Rainbow Trout, Golden Trout
The Garrett College Fisheries Management Class has been busy assisting the Western Region DNR staff with trout population surveys this month. We surveyed the upper Catch and Return Trout Fishing Area downstream of Jennings Randolph Lake recently and found a trout population density of more than 500 trout per mile. This is one of the highest trout densities in recent years. We collected rainbow trout measuring up to 20 inches, brown trout up to 15 inches, and even a couple of beautiful brook trout. After the survey was completed, about 500 adult rainbow trout were stocked in the river to make the fishing even better.
Pictured are 1) brook trout 2) trophy rainbow trout 3) Garrett College students with trophy rainbow and golden trout 4) Garrett College students stocking the North Branch Potomac River.


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Making Awesome - New Space!!!!! Submitted by RschDev | 15 / Oct / 2014
I'm happy to report that Making Awesome has secured new space and will be reopening soon. The new space is at 1009 Commercial Street in the Railroad Square. It's a bit smaller than our old space (3100 square feet) but laid out better, and in a much better location. It will be a few months before the space is ready for public events. In the meantime, we'll be asking for help getting the space ready. Stay tuned; more awesomeness is on-the-way. Thanks Richard Menasco of Stereo Sales, our new landlord and a member of Making Awesome.


text: Quick View Final Fantasy II Official Strategy Guide by Enix A Square July 19, 2007 | Trade Paperback Out of stock used copies from $23.59 Join the rebellion, defeat the empire, and restore peace to the land! COMPLETE WALKTHROUGH Detailed tips and proven strategies to navigate every dungeon. AREA MAPS Maps for every dungeon and town. Locate each key item and treasure chest in the game. BOSS STRATEGY Proven strategies to defeat every… See Details $20.99 / $19.94 lowest price*, or used from $23.59was


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Wait What
wait what is a San Francisco music producer specializing in mashups, most notable for his creation of the notorious xx. The album paired the music of Notorious B.I.G. with the debut album of The xx and was named "the best mashup album of 2010"[1] by The Guardian . He has released three albums and performed with artists including Lil Wayne, Wiz Khalifa, Mötley Crüe, and Taking Back Sunday.
11,469 playlists + Add to home
447 15 17min (5 tracks)
Feel good Hip Hop and Rap including Shad, Childish Gambino, and Frank Ocean.November 21, 2012
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1,748 63 30min (6 tracks)
kicking back, Blazing days .December 02, 2012
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artist:: wait what album:: the notorious xx march 25, 2010.August 10, 2014
16 1 28min (8 tracks)
A mash based mix for people to busy to listen to one song at a time.October 11, 2012
327 24 45min (11 tracks)
I'm the least g person ever - whitest girl alive and I grew up in the Home Counties for Chrissake - but this is an attempt to meet half way with the ra...June 05, 2012


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Keeping in line with my promise to keep this rolling until the VH1 Hip Honors, here are some more flashbacks that have been honored in the past.
*side note*
Has anyone been catching the Top 100 Hip Hop Songs countdown? Okay what is the deal with naming Planet Rock at like number 30 something?? I mean hands down this was the song that started a whole generation of "rappers" and hip hop itself. How does that get left out of the top 10? A few other's I was disappointed to see such low ratings for.. My Philosophy (BDP) hands down had to be one of THE best raps ever put together.. same thing with Rakim - this hands down has to be one of the greatest lyrics I've ever heard:
I take 7 MC's put em in a line
And add 7 more brothas who think they can rhyme
Well, it'll take 7 more before I go for mine
And that's 21 MC's ate up at the same time
I mean this nucca rapped, added, multiplied and rhymed all at the same time.. how can that not be considered number one? But I digress.. here are my flashbacks!
So what if I'm a microphone fiend addicted soon as I sing - My Melody
And this one I just added because I heard it this morning.. classic banger "Couldn't get your hair done.. Now you're unhappy cause your head all nappy" ROFL!!
Making Your Own Home Gym Decor - If you happen to be a person who can't live without sport, having a personal gym at your house will provide you with a room that can be your personal space...
1 week ago


text:
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What's New
Koll Guitar Company: The Superior
July 10, 2008
Designed in 1995 as a departure from the Glide series, the Superior features a solid alder body with a striking double cutaway. Also included is a set maple neck withRead More
Review: Ibanez Tube King TK999HT
July 10, 2008
The original Ibanez Tube King gets beefed-up with this flashy reissueRead More
Premier Clinic - Rock
July 10, 2008
We''re sorry, but this video lesson is no longer available. You can still download the accompanying tab: Tab 1: PDF - PTB Tab 2: PDF - PTB Or view theRead More
Review: Godin 5th Avenue Archtop
July 10, 2008
Godin''s first archtop retails for around $500 -- but how does it sound?Read More
Down Home with Cal Collins
July 10, 2008
Welcome to Jazz Guitar Hardball. This month we are putting the spotlight on Cal Collins (b.1933 – d. 2001), a relatively obscure and under-celebrated jazz guitarist who has been oneRead More
Spalt Voodoo I & Voodoo II Totem Review
July 10, 2008
Filled with trinkets and bluesRead More
1920 Martin 0-28K
July 10, 2008
Our guitar of the month is such an extreme rarity that there is only one in existence. This 89-year-old beauty made by Martin employee, Grant Remaley, has remarkable features forRead More
Martin is Electric
July 10, 2008
Hello Zach, I've read several of your articles in past issues of PG, and I'm finally writing to get some information on one of my many guitars. I pickedRead More
Rocking in Music City
July 10, 2008
Our gang just returned from Nashville with tired feet, tons of interviews, video footage, and pretty serious hangovers from the wall-to-wall parties that are part of the summer NAMM vibe...Read More
The Delicate World of Ribbons
July 10, 2008
The Royer Labs R121 ribbon microphone has become very popular for recording guitars, drums and other instruments. Its durable design allows it to handle high volume levels without damage.Read More


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A desired frequency response of a microwave network on a monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC), a microwave integrated circuit (MIC), or a hybrid circuit is achieved by selectively switching MEM switches to change the network topology. In a filter network, MEM switches connected between capacitors and inductors are selectively switched to change the network configuration to achieve a desired frequency response. In an amplifier network, the MEM switches are selectively switched to tune the amplifier to a desired frequency response and to reduce harmonic output.
1. A microwave tuning network, comprising:
a substrate;
a transmission line on said substrate;
first and second arrays of microwave impedance components on said substrate; and
an array of microelectromechanical (MEM) switches on said substrate connected to selectively determine the impedance values of said arrays of microwave impedance components to tune the impedance of said transmission line;
wherein said transmission line comprises input and output transmission lines on the surface of said substrate and a common ground plane underneath said substrate, and said first and second microwave impedance component arrays respectively comprise inductive lines and capacitive lines respectively connected between said input and output transmission lines, and between said input and output transmission lines and said ground plane, said first and second, arrays being connected by respective arrays of said MEM switches which are selectable to adjust the frequency response of said network to form a tunable filter.
2. A tunable microwave circuit, comprising:
a substrate;
a common ground plane underneath said substrate;
input and output transmission lines on said substrate;
at least one tunable inductive line network connected between said input and output transmission lines, said tunable inductive line network comprising an array of inductive lines that are interconnected by a plurality of microelectromechanical (MEM) switches which selectively connect said inductive lines to set the inductance value of said microwave circuit; and
at least one tunable capacitor network connected between said input and output transmission lines and said ground plane, said tunable capacitor network comprising an array of capacitive lines that are interconnected by a plurality of MEM switches that are selectable to set the capacitance value of said microwave circuit.
3. A tunable microwave filter, comprising:
a substrate;
a common ground plane underneath said substrate;
input and output transmission lines on said substrate;
a plurality of capacitors with predetermined capacitance values connected in series between said input and output transmission lines;
a plurality of tunable inductive line networks connected between successive pairs of said capacitors, each said tunable inductive line network comprising
an array of inductive lines that are interconnected by a plurality of selectable microelectromechanical (MEM) switches which connect said inductive lines to set the inductance value of said microwave filter; and
a plurality of tunable capacitor networks connected between respective ones of said capacitors and said ground plane, each said tunable capacitor network comprising an array of capacitive lines that are interconnected by a plurality of selectable MEM switches which connect said capacitive lines to select the capacitance value of said microwave filter.
4. The tunable microwave filter of claim 3, wherein each said tunable capacitor network comprises:
a transmission line segment;
a plurality of binary weighted capacitors, each comprising a number of capacitance lines having a capacitance C and a number of MEM switches that selectively connect the capacitance lines to provide the binary weighted capacitance value;
a plurality of MEM switches that selectively interconnect the binary weighted capacitors;
a plurality of MEM switches that selectively connect respective binary weighted capacitors to said transmission line segment; and
a MEM switch that connects the transmission line segment to a respective one of said capacitors having a predetermined capacitance value.
1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to the tuning of microwave networks, and more specifically to the tuning of filters and amplifiers using microelectromechanical (MEM) switches on monolithic microwave integrated circuits (MMICS), microwave integrated circuits (MICs) and hybrid circuits.
2. Description of the Related Art
A filter typically includes a network of capacitive and inductive circuits in series, parallel or some combination thereof. When a filter is implemented on a monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC), networks of binary weighted unit capacitors are typically used as capacitive circuits. Binary weighted capacitors are described in J. L. McCreary et al., "All-MOS Charge Redistribution Analog-to-Digital Conversion Techniques--Part I," IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, vol. SC-10, 1975, pages 371-379. A filter network has a frequency response that is determined by its configuration, the capacitance values of its capacitors and the inductance values of its inductors. Because the capacitors and inductors on a MMIC, a MIC or a hybrid circuit are usually fixed, and unlike a waveguide filter which can be tuned by using a tuning screw to change the geometry of at least one of its cavities, a filter based on a MMIC, a MIC or a hybrid circuit is generally not tunable.
Two major types of semiconductor switches, PIN diode and field effector transistor (FET), are used to change a MMIC circuit configuration. PIN diode switches for microwave applications are described in J. C. Hill et al., "PIN Diode Switches Handle High-Power Applications," MSN, June 1989, pages 36-40. Microwave FET switches are described in M. Shifrin et al., "Monolithic Control Components Handle 27 W of RF Power," Microwave Journal, December 1989, pages 119-122.
In general, PIN diode and FET switches have low isolation when the switch is off and high insertion loss when the switch is on at frequencies beyond the C-band. While PIN diode and FET switches are suitable for microwave operations at relatively low frequencies, many modern satellites operate at higher microwave frequencies in the X-band, Ku-band and Ka-band. These switches have parasitic capacitances and inductances which significantly degrade their performance at these high frequencies, and are therefore not used to reconfigure a MMIC filter for the purpose of tuning.
PIN diode and FET switches are semiconductor devices with P/N junctions that enable the activation of on/off switching and exhibit nonlinear characteristics which generate undesirable intermodulation distortions. Moreover, the nonlinearities also generate undesired output signals at harmonic frequencies, and if the switch is used in a filter network with a poor impedance match, substantial variations in the harmonic signals can be produced, as described in J. C. Hill et al, supra.
The operation of a PIN diode or FET switch requires a continuous power supply to provide a bias voltage, and therefore consumes power even if the switch is in a steady state, that is, when the switch remains either on or off. Many of these switches are usually required for a microwave network on board a satellite, and the power drain from the satellite's batteries for maintaining these switches can result in a shorter operational life span of the satellite.
Tuning of a microwave network to match its impedance to a desired setting for optimal operation traditionally has been achieved by manual tuning, that is, by manually setting the effective electrical length of transmission lines in the network. One example of manual tuning uses a shunt stub, which is a terminated transmission line segment connected in parallel with the main transmission line. The shunt stub has either a short-circuit or an open-circuit termination and its length is adjustable, whereas the length of the main transmission line is usually fixed. Impedance matching is using continuously adjustable shunt stubs is well known and is described in R. E. Collin, Foundations for Microwave Engineering, McGraw-Hill, Inc., 1966, pages 207-212.
Manual tuning is not feasible for impedance matching applications in which the microwave network that is to be tuned is not accessible, such as satellite operations. Manual tuning must be completed and the transmission line lengths fixed before the satellite is launched. Thereafter, it is not practical to optimize the performance of the microwave network by further adjusting the transmission line lengths on board the satellite.
To vary the effective electrical length of a transmission line to achieve proper tuning, semiconductor PIN diode switches and/or FET switches are placed along segments of the transmission line and are selectively turned on and off to obtain the desired electrical line length. Harmonic signals, which are generated by a power amplifier's nonlinear amplification characteristics, are at integral multiples of the fundamental frequency, and are usually undesirable in most microwave communication applications and therefore must be reduced. The harmonic signals can be reduced by tuning the effective electrical lengths of transmission lines at input and output ends of the amplifier. A typical semiconductor microwave power amplifier is described in S. Toyoda, "High Efficiency Single and Push-Pull Power Amplifiers," IEEE MTT-S Digest, 1993, pages 277-280.
MEM switches are small switching devices activated by an actuation voltage, and are usually manufactured on a semiconductor substrate. Suitable substrates include silicon (Si) and gallium arsenide (GaAs), which are the most common types of semiconductor materials used in MMICs. MEM switches can also be fabricated on substrates of dielectric materials such as alumina, which is used in hybrid circuits. MEM switches for GaAs MMICs are described in L. E. Larson et al., "Microactuators for GaAs-based Microwave Integrated Circuits," IEEE Transducers '91 Conference on Solid State Sensors and Actuators, 1991, pages 743-746. The actuation voltage determines whether the switch is in an "on" or "off" state.
One type of MEM switch is the MEM cantilever beam deformable switch, which has a deformable cantilever beam arm that moves to open or close a circuit path and is described in L. E. Larson, et al, supra. The switch is small in size, with typical dimensions on the order of 17.5 microns�125 microns, and can be manufactured on substrates of various materials, such as Si and GaAs. The switch is turned on or off by a voltage signal applied to a static electric switching electrode, which is a conductive layer deposited on the semiconductor substrate and is positioned beneath the beam arm. The switch opens or closes by moving the beam arm in response to the voltage signal. A typical actuation voltage to turn the switch on, that is, to close the circuit path with the movable beam arm, is in the range of about 70-90 volts.
MEM switches have not been used in reconfigurable microwave networks on board a spacecraft because the contact is mechanical and has been considered unstable when subjected to high levels of acceleration and/or vibration.
In view of the above problems, the present invention provides microwave tuning networks which use MEM switches to selectively change the network topology on a MMIC, a MIC or a hybrid circuit to achieve a desired frequency response. In a network comprising a plurality of inductive lines, MEM switches are connected between the lines to form a reconfigurable inductive circuit. MEM switches can also be implemented in a network of binary weighted unit capacitors to form a reconfigurable capacitive circuit. A filter is formed by combining these reconfigurable capacitive and inductive circuits in a desired network configuration. The frequency response of the filter is tunable by selectively switching at least some of the capacitive and/or inductive circuits to change the circuit configurations.
Numerous other implementations of MEM switch-based tuning networks are also feasible. In a microwave amplifier network, the MEM switches are used to adjust the effective electrical lengths of input and output transmission lines to tune the amplifier to a desired frequency response. The amplifier network can be tuned for a desired frequency response that reduces the harmonics. Connecting a number of shunt stubs of selected lengths at selected locations to the input and output transmission lines changes the input and output impedances of the transmission lines, and results in a change in the frequency response of the amplifier network. Each shunt stub is connected to a transmission line by a MEM switch. By selectively closing MEM switches to some of the shunt stubs while opening others, a desired frequency response for the amplifier network can be obtained.
These and other features and advantages of the invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the following detailed description, taken together with the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a simplified plan view of a reconfigurable inductive line network connected by a plurality of switches on a substrate;
FIG. 2a is a simplified plan view of a reconfigurable binary weighted capacitor network connected by a plurality of switches on a substrate;
FIG. 2b is a sectional view taken along the section line 2b-2b of FIG. 2a, showing the plates of a binary weighted capacitor;
FIG. 3a is a simplified plan view of a microwave filter formed by connecting a plurality of capacitor and inductor networks of FIGS. 1 and 2a with a plurality of switches;
FIG. 3b is an equivalent circuit diagram of the filter in FIG. 3a;
FIG. 4a is a simplified plan view of a transmission line segment with shunt stubs connected to it via MEM switches at different locations;
FIG. 4b is a sectional view taken along the section line 4b-4b of FIG. 4a, showing the connection of an open-circuit shunt stub with the transmission line segment via a MEM switch; and
FIG. 5 is a simplified plan view of a microwave amplifier tuning network with MEM-switch-connected shunt stubs.
The present invention provides microwave tuning networks using MEM switches that selectively connect different microwave components on the substrate of a MMIC, a MIC or a hybrid circuit to change the network topology for purposes such as producing a desired frequency response. Impedance matching of a transmission line is achieved by placing a number of shunt stubs at desired locations and selectively connecting the shunt stubs to the transmission line with MEM switches. In a microwave amplifier network, the transmission lines connected to the input and output of the amplifier are selectively connected to shunt stubs with MEM switches to tune the amplifier to a desired frequency response. In a tunable microwave filter network, the circuit topology is changed by selectively switching the filter's capacitive and/or inductive circuits with MEM switches to produce a desired frequency response.
MEM switches have several advantages over semiconductor PIN diode or FET switches. The "on" resistance and the "off" capacitance of a typical MEM cantilever beam deformable switch are on the order of 2 ohms and 1.6 femtofarads, respectively. As a result of the low "on" resistance and low "off" capacitance, the insertion loss is as low as about 0.05 dB in the "on" state and the isolation is on the order of 33 dB in the "off" state at a frequency of about 18 GHz. MEM switches generally exhibit much lower "on" resistance and lower "off" capacitance than typical microwave PIN diode or FET switches. When switches are used to adjust the frequency response of a network, it is highly desirable that the switches be as nearly perfect as possible, i.e., nearly zero insertion loss in the "on" state and nearly infinite isolation in the "off" state. Therefore, MEM switches are better suited for reconfigurable microwave networks than semiconductor switches.
MEM switches exhibit excellent switching characteristics with low insertion loss in the "on" state and high isolation in the "off" state, from DC up to high microwave frequencies. A typical MEM switch has less than 0.5 dB insertion loss in the "on" state and greater than 25 dB isolation in the "off" state at frequencies up to about 45 GHz. Therefore, MEM switches are suitable for operations in the X-, Ku- and Ka-bands. Moreover, a MEM switch opens and closes a circuit path by the mechanical motion of its beam arm. There is no P/N junction in a MEM switch, and therefore no nonlinearities are produced by the electrical characteristics of semiconductors. The intermodulation distortions and harmonics generated by a MEM switch are so small that they are negligible for most applications.
A MEM switch consumes less power than a semiconductor PIN diode or FET switch, and does not need a continuous power supply to maintain a bias voltage. Turning on the switch requires an actuation voltage, but this voltage only provides a static electric charge that causes the beam arm to move, and the power required for switching is much less than the continuous power required for a PIN diode or a FET switch. Therefore, MEM switches are suitable for spacecraft applications in which power consumption directly affects the life span of the spacecraft.
FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of the invention in which a tunable inductive line network has a plurality of inductive lines 6a, 6b, 8a, . . . 8d connected by a plurality of switches 10a, 10b, . . . 10k, preferably MEM switches, on a microwave circuit 11 that has a substrate 13 of a semiconductor material such as silicon or GaAs, or a dielectric material such as alumina which is used in hybrid circuits. Selective switching of at least some of the MEM switches changes the inductance value of the overall inductive line network, thereby changing its frequency response. In this embodiment, the inductive lines 6a, 6b each have an inductance value L1, and the inductive lines 8a, . . . 8d each have an inductance value L2. If the switches 10a, . . . 10c are closed while the switches 10d, . . . 10k are open, only the inductive lines 6a, 6b are connected to result in an overall inductance value of 2L1. If the switches 10b, 10f, 10h and 10j are open while the switches 10a, 10c, 10d, 10e, 10g, 10i and 10k are closed, the overall inductance of the network is 2L1 +2L2. If the switches 10b, 10f, 10h and 10i are open while the switches 10a, 10c, 10d, 10e, 10g, 10j and 10k are closed, the overall inductance of the network is 2Lb+4 L2. Other inductive network configurations are also feasible, and the individual inductive lines may have the same or different inductance values. The inductive line network as a whole can be used as a single adjustable inductor in a filter, with the adjustment made by selected switching of the MEM switches.
FIG. 2a shows an embodiment of the invention in which a tunable capacitor network has a plurality of binary weighted capacitors, the top plates 12a, 12b, . . . 12g of which are connected by a plurality of switches 14a, 14b, . . . 14k, preferably MEM switches, on a microwave circuit 11 that has a substrate 13 of a semiconductor or a dielectric material. A binary weighted capacitor has a cross-section as shown in FIG. 2b, with the top plate 12d positioned on the semiconductor substrate 13, which is positioned on a common ground plane 16. The ground plane 16 is usually grounded, and together with the top plate 12d, functions as parallel plates for the binary weighted capacitor.
The capacitor network as a whole is used as a single adjustable capacitor in a filter on a MMIC, a MIC or a hybrid circuit. Returning to FIG. 2a, the MEM switches 14a, 14b, . . . 14k are selectively switchable so that the topology of the capacitor circuit can be reconfigured to change the capacitance value of the overall network, thereby changing its frequency response. In this embodiment, the capacitors 12a, 12b, . . . 12g each have a capacitance value C1, and a transmission line segment 18 is connected to the capacitors via the switches 14b, 14c and 14d. Different network capacitances are obtained by connecting some of the capacitors while disconnecting others. For example, to obtain an overall network capacitance of 2C1, the switches 14a, 14c and 14j are closed while the switches 14b, 14d, 14e, 14f, 14g, 14h, 14i and 14k are open. To obtain a network capacitance of 4C1, the switches 14a, 14b, 14e, 14h, 14i and 14k are closed while the switches 14c, 14d, 14f, 14g and 14j are open. FIG. 2a illustrates only one configuration of a MEM-switch-connected capacitor network; other configurations are also feasible.
FIG. 3a shows still another embodiment of the invention in which a tunable filter combines the capacitor and inductor networks along the lines of FIGS. 1 and 2a. An input transmission line 20 is connected to a binary weighted capacitor 22a with a capacitance value C2, and the capacitor 22a is connected to a capacitor network 24a that is similar to FIG. 2a and includes a plurality of MEM switches to adjust the network's capacitance. The capacitor 22a is connected to an inductor circuit 26a that is similar to FIG. 1. A filter is formed by repeating the structure of alternately connected capacitors 22a, 22b, 22c, the respective capacitor networks 24a, 24b, 24c and the inductor networks 26a, 26b. The filter's output signal is transmitted from the capacitor 22c to an output transmission line 28. The equivalent circuit of FIG. 3a is shown in FIG. 3b, in which the capacitances Ca, Cb and Cc are the sums of the capacitance values of the capacitors 22a, 22b and 22c and the tunable capacitor networks 24a, 24b and 24c, respectively. The inductances La and Lb are the inductance values of the tunable inductive line networks 26a and 26b, respectively. Each of the capacitance values Ca, Cb and Cc and the inductance values La and Lb, which together determine the frequency response of the filter, can be changed by selectively switching at least some of the MEM switches within the capacitor and inductor networks. The filter is tuned to a desired frequency response by closing some of the switches while opening others. FIGS. 3a and 3b illustrate only one filter configuration; other configurations are also feasible.
FIG. 4a shows an impedance matching network with a main transmission line segment 40 having an input 42 and an output 44. The network is implemented on the substrate 13 of a microwave circuit 11, which also includes a ground plane beneath the substrate to form a complete transmission line circuit. The transmission line 40 has a characteristic impedance, which is generally real and is substantially frequency independent. The impedance of a load at the output 44 may have a value different from that of the transmission line's characteristic impedance, and may even be complex if the load has a capacitive and/or an inductive component. If the characteristic impedance of the transmission line is different from the load impedance and the effective electrical line length is not properly tuned, a mismatch occurs and the input 42 is subjected to a voltage and/or current reflection from the network. Similarly, if there is a mismatch between the transmission line's characteristic impedance and the input impedance at the input 42, the output 44 is subjected to a reflection. The reflected waves interfere with desired microwave transmission, reduce transmission efficiency and cause undesired resonance along the transmission line.
The impedance mismatch is frequency-dependent for a fixed effective electrical line length. The mismatch within a selected frequency range can be reduced to produce a desired frequency response by connecting one or more shunt stubs of predetermined lengths at selected locations along the transmission line. Since conventional tuning by continuously adjusting the length of a shunt stub is infeasible in spacecraft applications, shunt stubs of fixed lengths must be provided. To obtain a desired effective electrical length for the transmission line, a plurality of shunt stubs 50 are preferably positioned on the substrate 13 on one or both sides of the transmission line 40. Each shunt stub has a termination 52 which can be either open or short circuited. On a MMIC or a MIC substrate, it is preferred that the shunt stubs have open-circuit terminations so that no connections between the stubs and the ground plane need to be provided. Short-circuit termination on a MMIC or a MIC requires a conductor that penetrates through the substrate to electrically connect the shunt stub to the ground plane, and therefore would be more difficult to manufacture. However, a short circuit is able to provide a more stable termination in a wide frequency range and is therefore desirable in some applications.
Each shunt stub 50 is connected to the main transmission line 40 via a respective MEM switch 54. By selectively closing MEM switches to some of the shunt stubs while opening others, a desired frequency response for the transmission line can be obtained to reduce the impedance mismatch within a desired frequency range. The spacing between MEM switches for adjacent shunt stubs along the transmission line is preferably about one-quarter of a wavelength, or an integral multiple of one-quarter wavelength. The length of each shunt stub is preferably about one-half of a wavelength, or an integral multiple of one-half wavelength. Other combinations of shunt stub lengths and spacings are also feasible. The shunt stubs need not have the same length, and the spacings need not be the same.
FIG. 4b shows a cross-sectional view along the section line 4b-4b, with the transmission line 40, the MEM switch 54 and the shunt stub 50 on the substrate 13. A common ground plane 56 is positioned beneath the substrate 13. The MEM switch has a movable cantilever beam arm 58, which has a fixed end anchored to a conductive switch pad 60 and a moving end that is adapted to connect electrically with a contact pad 64 when the switch is closed. The motion of the beam arm 58 is controlled by an activating voltage supplied to a switching electrode 66, which is located on the substrate 13 beneath the beam arm 58. The beam arm itself acts as another electrode that deforms and moves toward the switching electrode when an activating voltage appears on the switching electrode 66, so that the moving end touches the contact pad 64. The activating voltage is generally in the range of about 70-90 V. The contact pad 64 is connected to the transmission line 40, and the switch pad 60 is connected to the shunt stub 50, which has an open-circuit termination 52.
FIG. 5 shows an amplifier network on the substrate 13 of a microwave circuit 11. The circuit comprises a solid-state amplifier 70, which amplifies an input microwave signal from an input 72 and produces an amplified signal at an output 74. Most solid-state microwave amplifiers, especially power amplifiers, have a nonlinear transfer response characteristic which produces undesired harmonic output signals. The harmonic signals are generated at frequencies which are integral multiples of the fundamental frequency, that is, the frequency of the input signal. An input transmission line segment 76 is connected to feed the input signal to the amplifier input, and an output transmission line segment 78 is connected to the amplifier output to transmit the output signal. A harmonic tuning transmission line segment 80 that branches off from the output transmission line segment 78 is preferably provided for reducing the harmonics generated by the amplifier.
A plurality of shunt stubs 50 are connected to the input transmission line segment 76 via respective MEM switches 54 in a configuration similar to that shown in FIG. 4a. The shunt stubs preferably each have an open-circuit termination 52. The MEM switches are selectively turned on or off to match the input impedance, so that an input signal can be transmitted to the amplifier input 72 without being reflected back to the input line segment 76.
Similarly, the output transmission line segment 78 is also provided with a plurality of shunt stubs 50 connected via respective MEM switches 54 similar to FIG. 4a. The output impedance is matched by selective switching of at least some of the shunt stubs to reduce the reflection within a desired frequency range. Output impedance matching is important in that most solid-state microwave amplifiers are very sensitive to power reflected into the output end of the amplifier, and can be physically damaged or destroyed if the reflected power is high enough. Therefore, preventing reflection from the output line segment 78 into the amplifier output 74 is imperative to ensure safe amplifier operation. Additional shunt stubs and their associated MEM switches may be provided along the output line segment 78 to allow for fine tuning to further reduce the reflection to the amplifier output 74. The shunt stubs may have different lengths and different spacings to reduce the reflection over a desired frequency range.
The harmonic tuning transmission line segment 80 is connected to a plurality of shunt stubs 50 via respective MEM switches 54, which are selectively turned on or off to reduce the amplitudes of harmonic output signals. An amplifier may produce several harmonic frequency signals that must be suppressed, and the shunt stubs 50 with respective terminations 52 are arranged to prevent these signals from being transmitted to the output line segment 78. A properly tuned harmonic tuning line segment directs the harmonic signals to a load 82, which is preferably provided at the end of the harmonic tuning line segment 80 to absorb the energy of the harmonic signals, which will not be reflected back to the output line segment 78. The shunt stubs with different spacings and/or different lengths may be used to optimize the absorption of the harmonics of interest.
While several illustrative embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, numerous variations and alternate embodiments will occur to those skilled in the art. Such variations and alternate embodiments are contemplated, and can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
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How do I handle my overbearing in-laws?
Now that we're expecting our first child, my husband's overbearing parents have gotten worse. My mother-in-law just told me that she'll be staying with us for weeks after the birth, and that she and my father-in-law will spend Christmas at our house. I'm thrilled that my baby will have loving grandparents, but I'm scared that my home is becoming theirs. What should I do?
Posted: 02/02/2004 by a BabyCenter Member
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I am so glad that I love my in laws. My husband and I lived with them for almost 2 years when we first got married. They are like my second set of parents. My mother in law and my mother were with me when I had my first child, and will be there for this one also. My husband passed out in the delivery room and is not going to stay for this birth. I am due in 21 days. I am starting to think I am the only person that can say they love their in laws. They treat me the same as they do thier two daughters.posted 03/07/2005 by Meganbs2005
dear moms and moms-to-be: i am in the third trimester of my second pregnancy and am dealing with an MIL situation like all of you. however, now that i have read a lot of your comments, i feel like my dilemma dulls in comparison! i just want to tell you all thank you for sharing your experiences and letting me know how blessed i am to have the mom-in-law that i have. sure, she gets on my nerves, but i know she loves me like i'm her daughter and she loves her grandchildren and doesn't know how to express her love in any other way than to be a bit over-bearing. while reading your messages i also came to the realization that one of the reasons my MIL annoys me so is because i wish my mother were more like her. my mother moved away just around the time i found out i was expecting and i resent her for not wanting to stay around and help with her grandchildren. so when my MIL calls and suggests that i need her to come and stay with me a few weeks before and after i give birth, i realize that i am not just annoyed cuz there's no way i could stand to be around her for that long-- but also because i feel that she knows my mother won't be there to help and feels like she should take up the slack. and i hate the fact that she is right. so my mom called last week and said she'd be up to visit about 2 weeks before my due date and i couldn't wait to call my MIL and throw it in her face that she needn't come before my due date because MY mother was coming. now i feel bad and mean and vindictive. i just want to say that some of you may want to be careful about what you consider in your MIL's as "over-bearing" and make sure you are not exxagerating your situations. MIL's can be just as much a blessing as they can be a pain. that's what i've learnedposted 03/08/2005 by jannacake
Let them enjoy their grandkids, it's something all grandparents dreamed off, same way you did about being a mother. My husband and I leave in a different state from my inlaws and in a different country from my parents and it hurts. My inlaws flight as much as they can and I'm happy about it, I love seeing them with my daughter, it fill me up with joy. In the other hand with my parents its a lil bit harder they can't fly overhere because they still have 2 teens living with them so economically is not possible, so I take my daughter to see them and she usually stay for like a month just her and she loves it. My husband and myself are both Marines and it's hard being away from our family all the time so we try to make it up, it makes us happier seen our family enjoying our daughter. I have another one on the way, my husband is in Iraq, I still in the Marines, I had to send my daughter away for so many reasons, and I have no family with me, you don't know how lucky you're to have somebody close. So stop taking that for granted, you should be happy about it. I know MIL can get overbearing sometimes, I've been there plenty times, but it doesn't change the fact that they love and care about their grandkids, they don't mean to make you feel uncomfortable on purpose, one day you'll be on her shoes, believe it or not. Family is not just mom, dad and kids.posted 04/02/2005 by cardenassm
My mother-in-law was perfect when our four-year-old son was born; she had an older son who had had three children already, and apparently a meddlesome mama-in-law of her own. So, when Canaan made his way into the world, I had no mother to turn to, and she was there for the 4am phone calls, the afternoon hysterical fits, and the crying jags that never seemed to end. However, it was all by invitation. If your MIL is butting in, the best thing to do is to have your husband talk to her; whenever I have issues with my in-laws, my husband conveys what the problem is firmly but politely. That way, when the issue does come up, it doesn't seem like I'm trying to alienate them from their son and grandson. And hey, if your MIL wasn't trying to move in right now, then it might be a blessing to have her around--an extra pair of hands for chores always helps when there's a new little one on the way!posted 02/27/2006 by MOmom3
My MIL is really over berring. She invited herself to stay here a few days before my wedding. And her comment was "isn't the grooms mother important too?". That was after i said that my bridesmaid might be staying with me. What a bit**! She was very controling of him just up to when we started dating heavily. Now she is "fake" nice to me. I am sure that a lot of you can relate. She wants me to like her, so she can still use my husband to do things for her and have a part of him. She is sneeky, but i am not stupid and i see things before they happen. NOW, i plan all the major holidays ahead of time, so my husband can say "sorry we have plans with...". We do see her eventually, but she is second best. Who cares what the inlaws want! They had their time...This is your life, your baby, and for some...your only one. And it should be up to you when you have visitors and who. Also, if you have post partum or your baby has Colic, you need time to get through it. One thing we don't know while we are pregnant, is how we are going to be after we give birth. Don't make any promises! You and baby come first. Take it day by day. P.S. some comments that say "let the grandparents be a part of things" might be the ones being outlawed. Its 99% of the MIL's who are the problem. Not FIL's. Every inlaw is different, if ours were good then we wouldn't be here. Happy holidays!posted 12/11/2006 by sweetjuniper
Parents are parents, no matter what. So, yes, it is your right to have your own rules, but life is not only about rights. There are a lot of other things, and one is consideration , esp. for parents. Of course if your mother in law is unreasonably overburdening, like she wants you to dress, feed, bathe baby a certain way, which you seriously disagree with, or she criticises you a lot, you can either politely let her know, understanding mils will know, (unfortunately they are few). Or if things keep getting sour, involve your husband. Dont coax him to be rude to his parents though. There must be a middle way around it, but learn to compromise.posted 05/23/2007 by malihasyed
Enjoy the help but put your foot down. Imagine how excited you'll be for your first grand baby. My daughter is 12 months and my MIL stays with us twice a week. In reality she drives me crazy but I appreciate her help when I look at the big pictureposted 11/14/2010 by My1stBabyIt'sAGirl
Great advice ladies, but my husband and i are africans, and our tradition are different from d way u speak your mind, my husband is very dull can't talk much and is afraid of his mum, I have his 21yr old sister living with us and does not want to move out, we did not have a baby shower coz his mum told him not to and now his mum will be coming from africa to c d baby dont no how long she's going to be here 4, his whole family wants to be here after the baby is born.Don't no what to do coz i cannot handle my MIL and my SIL , i really want to have my time and space with my husband and our baby but my husband just can't voice things out,so it's going to be seven of us living in a two bedroom apt and using one bath, What should i do?posted 09/22/2011 by a BabyCenter Member
My mother in law wants me to lie to husband. My husband doesn;t like my aunt and neither do I. My aunt lives with my grandmother, so when I go to visit my grandmother, the baby is going to be around my aunt. Once my husband told me never to take "his" child to grand mothers again. I put him in his place immeddiat;y and told him NEVER to tell me where to and not to go with the baby. I told him that I don't tell him what to do with the baby, since the talk he has been fine. He realizes my aunt won't do anything to the baby while i'm there. Anyway, i havn't been to my grandmothers place in over a month. She told my father in law that she wishes she could see the baby, so my mother in lawe called me to tell me that, and proceeded to tell me that she lknows how my husband can be about the baby going to my grandmothers and that if I ever wanted to go over there without having an argument with my husband, that i can call and tell him i'm going to my mother in laws instead. So she wants me to LIE to my husband. I told her there was no need to lie to him because he doesn't make my decisions and control what I do, and that I don't take the baby to my grandmothers because i don't like to be around my aunt. It seems like they think just because my husband was nervous at first about the baby being there, that he controls my life, which is farther than the truth.posted 03/01/2006 by a BabyCenter Member
The old cliche is true. "It's not what you say but HOW you say it". REMEMBER, all of those young mothers of SONS-Believe it or Not, someday you TOO will be a MIL. And for those of you who only have sons- GOOD LUCK! a MIL-posted 11/12/2009 by a BabyCenter Member
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The manufacturing and repair operations of Limco Airepair will remain in Tulsa, Okla., rather than move to Kernersville, N.C., where Piedmont Aviation Component Services is located. "After careful consideration we felt the prudent thing to do is just stay put," Bob Koch, CEO of Tulsa, Okla.-based Limco Airepair, told AIN. The company provides component maintenance and overhaul for airline and general aviation aircraft.
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Blondie Franco
by Mike Stanz
posted Aug 13 2014 5:00AM
Actor James Franco seems to be trying out a new style. He posted a pic to Instagram this week that's just a little creepy – blond hair cut in bangs (sort of), brooding stare, scruffy-faced and flashing some sort of sign with his fingers.
It's almost like a posed mug shot.
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There are 5 all-girls private schools in Hawaii, serving 1,721 students.
Hawaii All-Girls Private Schools
- School Location Students Grades
MakawaoClearview Christian Girl School
PO Box 880678
Makawao, HI, 96788
(808)876-0123All-girls (Christian)20 students | Gr. 6-12
KailuaHuakailani School
146 Hekili St Ste 104
Kailua, HI, 96734
(808)263-2020All-girls35 students | Gr. KG-6
HonoluluLa Pietra Hawaii School For Girls
2933 Poni Moi Rd
Honolulu, HI, 96815
(808)922-2744All-girls199 students | Gr. 6-12
HonoluluSacred Hearts Academy
3253 Waialac Avenue
Honolulu, HI, 96816
(808)734-5058All-girls (Roman Catholic)1077 students | Gr. PK-12
HonoluluSt. Andrews Priory School
224 Queen Emma Square
Honolulu, HI, 96813
(808)536-6102All-girls (Episcopal)390 students | Gr. K-12
State Statistics:
|About This State (HI)
|(HI) State Statistics
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|1,354,823 people
|304,788,332 people
|Age 25+ w/College Degree
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Updated October 14, 2014
Add things up and you'll quickly find the answer- math is crucial both in academics and the real world. By following these strategies and following personal training programs, students can uncover their weaknesses and conquer math.
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Stores for the 50 Plus Shopper Perks continue to grow, so please stop by the Information Center to view our most current list.
Premium Outlets® Pink Event
October 1 - 31, 2014
Williamsburg Premium Outlets® is teaming up with Susan G. Komen® to support breast cancer awareness, research, and treatment programs in our community. During the month of October, visit the on-site Information Center located in the Food Court to donate $10 to support the cause and receive 25% off one item from select stores. Donations will be accepted on-site only via cash or credit, with all contributions benefiting Susan G. Komen®.
Premium Outlets® is proud to support Komen, and with the help of generous customers, will guarantee a contribution of at least $100,000.
A representative from Susan G. Komen® Tidewater will also be on-site Saturday, October 18 and October 25: 10am-2pm to answer questions regarding breast health and the organization's efforts. The first 35 shoppers to make a $10 donation to support the cause will also receive a voucher for a free pink Samsonite yacht tote. Visit the Information Center located in the Food Court for details.
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Costumed children 12 and under are invited to trick-or-treat in a fun, family-friendly environment. Visit our Information Center located in the Food Court for a list of participating stores. While supplies last.


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Brett Bafaro to visit WashingtonGreg Biggins
Linebacker Brett Bafaro (Hillsboro, Ore./Liberty), who visited Oregon over the weekend, will check out another Northwest program in mid-October. The Ducks have led for Bafaro for some time and it was a mild surprise when he didn't commit to Oregon o...Blog | Conversation | September 22, 2011
Programs off to a good start for 2013 classesGreg Biggins
Checking in to see how some programs are doing on the 2013 recruiting classes. Arizona Wildcats The Wildcats got on the board early with a commitment from offensive lineman Logan Stott (St. George, Utah./Pine View), who has several ties to the Tuc...Blog | Conversation | September 20, 2011
Bryce Treggs to visit Arizona StateGreg Biggins
Four-star WR Bryce Treggs (Bellflower, Calif./St. John Bosco) is a strong Cal commitment but will still take his official visits. The talented receiver will take his first trip this coming weekend. Treggs committed to Cal after narrowing his list to...Blog | Conversation | September 19, 2011
Kyle Murphy still high on OregonGreg Biggins
San Clemente (Calif.) offensive lineman Kyle Murphy took his first official visit of the year this past weekend to Oregon. It was the second time Murphy has visited the Ducks campus after taking an unofficial trip back in April. Murphy attended the ...Blog | Conversation | September 16, 2011
Marcus Rios, Michael Thomas to visit UCLAGreg Biggins
Defensive back Marcus Rios and receiver Michael Thomas (Elk Grove, Calif./Cosumnes Oaks) will take an official visit to UCLA this weekend. Rios, a Boise State commit, and Thomas are cousins and very close. The two also traveled together this past su...Blog | Conversation | September 13, 2011
Jaydon Mickens gets scare, but ready to run wildGreg Biggins
After an explosive first half in Los Angeles Dorsey's 40-0 win over Los Angeles Jordan last Friday, the Dons got a bit of a scare when standout receiver Jaydon Mickens went down with a knee injury. Mickens scored three touchdowns for the Dons, inclu...Blog | Conversation | September 08, 2011
Chanceller James commits to Boise StateGreg Biggins
It took a little longer than expected, but Boise State picked up a commitment from standout defensive back Chanceller James (Spring Valley, Calif./Steele Canyon) Wednesday night. James had been a huge Broncos lean for the past several months and the...Blog | Conversation | September 01, 2011
Cedrick Poutasi set to visit OregonGreg Biggins
Offensive lineman Cedrick Poutasi (Las Vegas/Desert Pines) set up his first official visit to one of his favorite schools and is hoping to set up a few more in the coming weeks. Poutasi had a very solid spring/summer and saw his recruitment rise dr...Blog | Conversation | August 29, 2011
Derrick Woods to visit Oklahoma, BamaGreg Biggins
Inglewood (Calif.) two-way standout Derrick Woods hasn't set up any of his official visits yet but has a good idea of where his first two trips will be. Woods is one of the state's top players at receiver and safety and is being recruited as an athl...Blog | Conversation | August 25, 2011
Freddie Tagaloa staying on the West CoastGreg Biggins
Offensive lineman Freddie Tagaloa (Richmond, Calif./Salesian) is down to four schools and has set up his first official visit. Tagaloa is yet another elite offensive lineman in the loaded West Coast class. He hasn't been talked about nearly as much ...Blog | Conversation | August 24, 2011
Brett Bafaro lands two more offersGreg Biggins
ESPNU 150 OLB Brett Bafaro (Hillsboro, Ore./Liberty) is taking a wait-and-see approach to the recruiting process and he has recently added a couple of top Northwest schools to his offer list. "Oregon State and Washington have both offered me," Bafar...Blog | Conversation | August 23, 2011
Javon Williams still sorting through offersGreg Biggins
Chandler (Ariz.) High School athlete Javon Williams is one of the elite receivers in the West region. The talented wideout said he has 19 offers on the table, but isn't ready to narrow down his list just yet. Williams, 6-foot-4 and 175 pounds, He ha...Blog | Conversation | August 17, 2011
D.J. Foster names top four, but still openGreg Biggins
Athlete D.J. Foster (Scottsdale, Ariz./Saguaro) is one of the most versatile players in the West region and is currently getting looks at three different positions. Foster does it all for Saguaro and put up big numbers on both sides of the ball. He...Blog | Conversation | August 17, 2011
Zach Banner closer to naming final fiveGreg Biggins
After announcing a top 10 list back in June, four-star offensive lineman Zach Banner (Lakewood, Wash./Lakes) said he's close to naming a final five and already knows one school that will make the cut. Banner's original top 10 list consisted of Alaba...Blog | Conversation | August 09, 2011
Kyle Murphy to narrow list to sixGreg Biggins
San Clemente (Calif.) offensive lineman Kyle Murphy took an unofficial visit to USC on Thursday and said he's very close to narrowing his list to a final six. Murphy is one of the nation's top tackle prospects and earned OL MVP honors at The Openin...Blog | Conversation | August 08, 2011
Byron Marshall lands offer from USCGreg Biggins
ESPNU 150 RB Byron Marshall (San Jose, Calif./Valley Christian) became the second RB USC offered last week. "To be honest, I never saw it coming because they were barely recruiting me," he said. "Coach [Clay] Helton is the one recruiting me and I ta...Blog | Conversation | August 08, 2011


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Home » News » Public Safety
Fire claims life of man in Claremont
The fire at 11 Warren St. was reported at 9:24 p.m. Sunday. Heavy smoke was pouring from the residence when firefighters arrived and broke a first floor window to get inside.
They immediately found the man on the floor and took him out to a waiting ambulance. He was transported to Valley Regional Hospital where he was later pronounced dead.
Officials said the man's name will be released after an autopsy, scheduled today a the Office of the State Medical Examiner in Concord.
Preliminary indications are that the fire originated in a first floor bedroom and was caused by careless use and/or disposal of smoking materials, according to New Hampshire State Fire Marshal J. William Degnan and Claremont Fire Chief Rick Bergeron.
No working smoke detectors were located in the home, Degnan said in a news release.
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- Londonderry man killed in I-495 off-ramp crash identified - 0
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- Police say party near Keene State got out of control, became 'mass casualty incident' - 19
- KSC president 'saddened and disheartened' at Pumpkin Festival mayhem - 2
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- Londonderry man killed in Massachusetts motorcycle crash - 0
KSC graduate in town says he aided a wounded party-goerREADER COMMENTS: 0
- Flash mob workshop will be a 'Thriller' - 0
- Former Royals slugger and current Giants scout Balboni's heart remains with San Francisco - 0
- Sam Asano's Let's Invent: The pesky problem of financing inventions - 0
- Your Turn, NH -- Kelley Tambouris: I am a Manchester teacher, and I need more support - 0
- What rising tide? Kuster vs. Kennedy - 1
- Government thinks it's your right not to know - 0
- On Obamacare: Shaheen doesn't get it - 2
- Two nonprofits receive a 'quick' $25,000 after pitch - 0
- Big step forward for Littleton outdoor footwear manufacturer - 0
UNH women's hockey coach hired to restore winning waysREADER COMMENTS: 0
Keene Pumpkin Festival has uncertain future
Keene State College students clean up after mayhem, say weekend riots were not their fault
Monitoring social media
Shaheen, in Hooksett, rallies with union
On Obamacare: Shaheen doesn't get it
What rising tide? Kuster vs. Kennedy
After riots, soul-searching begins


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and Audrey's son, Sean H. Ferrer, Founder of the Audrey Hepburn Children's Fund, celebrated on May 4th 10 years of dedicated service at the located at Hackensack University Medical Center, N.J. Since the groundbreaking ceremony in 2002, Natalie has...
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Josie the chihuahua was born without front legs. She's now the mascot of Hanger Orthopedic Group.
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Often simple desserts are better than complicated ones. That is not to say that the flavors are simple. What I mean is that the dessert itself is made of only a few very well constructed components. This mousse cake is an example of this. Tend...
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Is there anything better than a well made pound cake? Pound cakes are highly satisfying and wonderfully versatile. I've served pound cake for dessert with whipped cream, I've served them with fresh berries for breakfast to great acclaim, and nothi...
Ahh, Vermont Spice Cake…how I love thee! This cake is so reminiscent of Autumn to me- one bite and I get all warm and cozy and immediately, it feels like Fall. I've had this recipe forever (well, since getting married) and I remember making it the fi...
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that sounds like only the most awesome idea ever. I'm so excited. Those also look absolutely amazing
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The Young Engineers and Scientists of Africa (YESA) is an initiative aimed at increasing the pipeline Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics and Innovation (STEMI). YESA interventions operate from Grades 0-12 and are designed to supplement the national curriculum in a stimulating and challenging environment to promote creativity and innovation. All interventions are aimed at addressing the gaps in the developmental stages of providing support to learners through a broad range of activities.
March 17, 2014 | by Janet Fang
Photo credit: Radioactivity warning sign on a hill at the east end of Red Forest / Timm Suess via Wikimedia
It's been nearly 30 years since the catastrophe at Chernobyl, and as the cleanup grinds on, the far-reaching effects continue to be documented. Birds with smaller brains, increasing spiders, decreasing butterflies, all these and more have been reported from the areas surrounding Chernobyl. One group you don't hear very much about are the decomposers -- those bugs, microbes, fungi, and slime molds who nourish themselves by consuming the remains of dead organisms. Without these recyclers, carbon, nitrogen, and other elements essential to life would be locked in plant corpses.
Choose maths and science - Pandor
October 16, 2014 | by Lisa Winter
Nearly one billion people around the globe are homeless or live in substandard housing. In the era of 3D printing, some have addressed this crisis through quickly built concrete buildings. While this method would create a secure dwelling, delivering the raw materials and bulky printer increases the cost significantly, reducing its feasibility. The Italian 3D printing company WASP may have solved this problem by developing an easily-transportable machine that can quickly create dwellings out of mud and natural fibers—materials already available where the houses will be built.
Watch out, Andy Green!
THEY'RE PROBABLY the only cars capable of giving land speed record holder Andy Green sleepless nights. A team of talented schoolkids smashed a land speed record not once, but twice in the same weekend when their rocket-powered model cars achieved, first, 478.1mph, and then 556.28mph.
Led by proud teacher Phil Worsley, the students, members of the young engineers club at Joseph Whitaker School in Rainworth, Nottinghamshire, shredded the existing record of 287mph set in 2011 when they put three model cars through their paces at Rolls-Royce's test track at nearby Hucknall last weekend.