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Cable vs. Satellite
Compare the differences and get the right service for you.Compare Now
Are bundles bogus?
Nope, they can save youSee How
a bundle of cash.
See the provider map.
You want cable, you need cable, but who is your cable provider?View Now
It's easy to get cable. Call 1-866-921-5828
Why Cable TV in Pittsford, NY
We love cable TV. Here are some reasons why we think you will too. It's reliable; it doesn't drop out when the weather gets bad. Between the hundreds of HD channels and all the On Demand content, there is always something to watch. It's easier to install, particularly in homes with more than one television. Several providers offer specials like free equipment and convenient bundles with high-speed Internet and digital cable for a smaller fee each month. Plus cable is:
Cable TV offersmore HD choices
Snow may mess up satellite, but itdoesn't faze cable
Cable can beinstalled virtually anywhere
How People Watch TV in Pittsford, NY
The CableTV.com team would like to give you some information about cable TV in Pittsford, NY. Even though nearly half of Americans have started watching television content online, 97% of us still watch regularly scheduled TV. Because you can watch your favorite shows online, more and more people bundle their cable and Internet services. In fact, 72% of Americans do this. Which means that in your city approximately 1,345 people tune into their favorite shows every night. And because there are 999 people with a cable and Internet bundle, 666 people stream TV online. But those aren't the only ways TV viewing is changing. Watching content from DVRs has increased from 2.2% in 2006 to about 7% today. However, 1,151 of local viewers still follow network scheduling.
Pittsford Cable Internet
Why is it that Pittsford residents are bundling their cable TV and Internet and what does high-speed use look like in the area? One important point is that bundling services together saves cable TV subscribers nearly $400 per year. Next, cable Internet is blazing fast--above the FCC defined minimum for broadband speed--with around 5-10 Mbps downstream. Out of 1,387 Pittsford residents, 444 of them are cable Internet users. And broadband usage grew from 915 to 957 from 2009 to 2010.
It's easy to get cable, Call 1-866-921-5828
CableTV.com Loves Pittsford, NY Actors
In Pittsford, we can't help but love Britain's sardonic import, Hugh Laurie. Best known for his role in the TV drama "House," where he plays a rebellious and sarcastic doctor, Laurie is a record-breaking actor. He is in "The Guinness Book of World Records" as the highest paid actor for a television drama. Laurie has won several acting awards and promised to bring us more comedy, drama, and music in the future. If you haven't heard the best accent in television, you should tune in to FOX on cable TV in Pittsford.
Find Cable TV in Pittsford
All that should show that we know television like James T. Kirk knows how to deliver a line. Leave it to us to find the cable provider in your area, and we aren't being conceited about it. The local government puts restrictions on cable companies licensing, so there is generally only one cable provider in each region. All you have to do to find out who your Pittsford provider is to call us at the number above.


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Sun control shade will help keep your rooms cool by blocking the sun. They will also help reduce the glare off your television and computer screens. By keeping your rooms cooler they help to reduce your need for central air conditioning, therefore lowering your energy bill. Blindsgalore carries a great selection of these sun control shades at affordable prices from all the top brands. Buy these shades and make your home more energy efficient!
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Are you a TV Fanatic?
Sign up for our daily newsletter to receive personalized television news for free!
While Sweets is on leave, a case intersects with the work he's doing at a neighborhood community center and Booth asks Sweets for help. After solving a gang member's murder, the team is ready to welcome Sweets back to the team, but Sweets decides to continue volunteering at the community center.


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To find a doctor, call 800-667-5356 or click below:
Find a Doctor
Request an Appointment
Here are some of the latest health and medical news developments, compiled by the editors of HealthDay:
CDC Launches Free Drugstore HIV Testing
Drugstore testing for HIV may someday become routine if a government-sponsored pilot program catches on across the United States.
Free rapid HIV tests -- like those used in doctor's office and health clinics -- are available now at seven sites around the country, and the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) announced Tuesday that it plans to add 17 more pharmacies and in-store clinics in cities and rural regions, the Associated Press reported.
"By bringing HIV testing into pharmacies, we believe we can reach more people by making testing more accessible and reduce the stigma associated with HIV," Dr. Kevin Fenton, director of CDC's HIV prevention program, said in a statement.
The HIV saliva test, which involves swabbing the mouth, provides preliminary results in 20 minutes. Customers with positive results will be referred for laboratory testing and, if the results are confirmed, counseling and treatment, the AP said.
While gay men and injectable drug users are considered at highest risk, the CDC currently recommends all teenagers and adults up to age 64 get tested at least once. The agency estimates that one-fifth of the 1.1 million Americans infected with HIV don't know they carry the virus that causes AIDS.
CDC, which is training drugstore personnel to administer the tests, will review the program results next summer.
Bagged Salads Recalled From Kroger, Wal Mart Stores
The Dole company is recalling fresh bagged salads from Kroger and Wal Mart stores across six states due to potential contamination with listeria, the company has announced.
No illnesses have yet been reported in the "precautionary" recall of 1,077 cases of bagged salads that were distributed in Georgia, Kentucky, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee and Virginia.
The products under recall include Kroger Fresh Selections Greener Supreme coded N158 211B 1613 KR04 with Use-by date of June 19 and UPC 11110 91039; Kroger Fresh Selections Leafy Romaine coded N158 111B KR11 with Use-by date of June 19 and UPC 11110 91046; and Wal Mart Marketside Leafy Romaine coded N158111B with Use-by date of June19 and UPC code 81131 02781.
The Product Code and Use-by dates are located in the upper right-hand corner of the salads' packaging, and the UPC is found on the reverse side of the package.
Dole is asking that consumers who have these products discard them. Retailers and consumers can find out more by calling Dole at 1-800-356-3111.
Listeria monocytigenes can trigger illness with symptoms such as fever, muscle ache and gastrointestinal symptoms, with pregnant women and people with compromised immune systems most at risk for serious illness.
Low Testosterone Not Part of Normal Aging: Study
Factors other than aging are likely responsible for the drop in testosterone some older men experience, a new study finds.
Researchers in Australia tracked the testosterone levels of more than 1,500 men, ages 35 to 80, who had their testosterone levels sampled at clinic visits spaced five years apart, UPI reported.
The study found that testosterone levels didn't undergo a steep decline -- instead they only fell less than 1 percent per year. And certain health or lifestyle factors seemed linked to those slight declines.
"Men who had declines in testosterone were more likely to be those who became obese, had stopped smoking or were depressed at either clinic visit," lead author Dr. Gary Wittert, professor of medicine at the University of Adelaide in Adelaide, said in a statement. "While stopping smoking may be a cause of a slight decrease in testosterone, the benefit of quitting smoking is huge."
Wittert and his team believe, therefore, that a drop in testosterone is not an inevitable part of the aging process in men.
The study was presented at the Endocrine Society's 94th annual meeting in Houston.
All EBSCO Publishing proprietary, consumer health and medical information found on this site is accredited by URAC. URAC's Health Web Site Accreditation Program requires compliance with 53 rigorous standards of quality and accountability, verified by independent audits. To send comments or feedback to our Editorial Team regarding the content please email us at
This content is reviewed regularly and is updated when new and relevant evidence is made available. This information is neither intended nor implied to be a substitute for professional medical advice. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider prior to starting any new treatment or with questions regarding a medical condition.
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Definition of food poisoning in English:
food poisoningSyllabification: food poi·son·ing
Illness caused by bacteria or other toxins in food, typically with vomiting and diarrhea.
More example sentences
- Gastroenteritis may be caused by food poisoning, or by infection with a bacteria or virus.
- Most food poisoning is caused by bacteria that multiply rapidly.
- Some types of normal intestinal bacteria can cause food poisoning.
Definition of food poisoning in:
- The British & World English dictionary
Get more from Oxford Dictionaries
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Nimble is officially out of beta! I tested it myself and it is running fast. You can even go under settings and add users to create a Nimble team. A functioning business Social CRM.
Companies are using Contact Relationship Management Systems, however, I challenge anyone to spend 30 minutes to see how this one is different. Have someone in your company take a look and see how CRM's are now becoming SCRM's. It's a social world online and your customers want to know YOU and not just your company.
I check out platforms every day - Stay on top of this one. It's amazing and the people behind it truly understand the "social" part of this new revolution happening online.
Tara Husband
p.s. I'm here for you with any questions.


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Hero guide dog assured good home after NY rescue
NEW YORK (AP) — The guide dog that leaped onto subway tracks after his blind owner lost consciousness and fell off a station platform is assured a loving home after his retirement. Cecil Williams, who […]
Fla. inmate executed for killing of Orlando woman
STARKE, Fla. (AP) — A man convicted in the 1991 sexual assault and murder of an aspiring artist in Orlando has been executed in Florida. Forty-year-old Darius Kimbrough was pronounced dead at 6:18 p.m. following […]
FBI reports man has been fatally shot in Boston bombing probe
ORLANDO, Fla. (AP) — A Chechen immigrant was shot to death by authorities while being questioned in the Boston Marathon bombing case early Wednesday after he lunged at an FBI agent with a knife, officials […]
Member of music group "The Spinners" dies in FL
ORLANDO, Fla. (AP) — A former lead singer of the soul music group "The Spinners" has died in Orlando.
Explosives safely removed from UCF dorm
ORLANDO, Fla. (AP) — Explosive devices found in a dorm at the University of Central Florida have been safely removed from the building and classes have resumed.
Weapons, explosives found in dorm on Fla. campus
ORLANDO, Fla. (AP) — Authorities investigating the apparent suicide of a college student discovered weapons and explosive devices in a dorm on the University of Central Florida campus in Orlando early Monday.
Clippers end losing skid with 86-76 win over Magic
ORLANDO, Fla. (AP) — The Los Angeles Clippers know what it's like to take the floor without key players. A matchup with the equally hobbled Orlando Magic helped them rediscover what winning feels like.
Predators to offer refunds for losing seasons
ORLANDO, Fla. (AP) — The Arena Football League's Orlando Predators say if they lose, season ticket holders could get refunds.
George Zimmerman sues NBC and reporters
ORLANDO, Fla. (AP) – George Zimmerman sued NBC on Thursday, claiming he was defamed when the network edited his 911 call to police after the shooting of Trayvon Martin to make it sound like he was racist.
FAMU hazing defendant enters no contest plea
ORLANDO, Fla. (AP) – The first of more than a dozen defendants charged in the hazing death of a Florida A&M drum major has entered a plea of no contest to third-degree felony hazing. An […]


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Recent News
Owner Participation Sought for Equine Disease Research
October 20, 2014
Researchers are seeking owner input for a study aimed at evaluating the economic impact of equine disease outbreaks.... Read More
5 Tips for Feeding Easy Keepers
October 20, 2014
Follow these steps to help your overweight horse subsist on fewer calories.... Read More
Walking Horse Advocates Target North Carolina State Fair
October 20, 2014
Advocates targeted the fair to protest the inclusion of Tennessee Walking Horse performance classes in its horse show.... Read More
NYRA Supports Proposed Racehorse Medication Rules
October 20, 2014
The rules establish threshold limits for 24 medications and restrict three corticosteroids to joint injections only. ... Read More
Colic: To Refer or Not to Refer
October 20, 2014
Does your colicking horse need to go to a clinic? Here's how veterinarians determine the need for referral.... Read More
Rare South Carolina Ponies Relocated
October 19, 2014
A trio of wild Marsh ponies has been relocated to a safer location after another pony was killed by a motorist.... Read More
Going to the Barn? Don't Forget Your Helmet
October 19, 2014
No matter what the riding discipline, wearing a helmet is one of the best ways to minimize the chance of a brain injury.... Read More
Managing and Preventing Transport-Associated Fever
October 19, 2014
Most horses travel without incident, but some develop fevers that could point to potentially dangerous health problems.... Read More
Tennessee Horseman Petitions for Equine Rights
October 18, 2014
But one city official believes the petition is intended to promote equestrian use of a municipal trail in Johnson City.... Read More
Nominations Sought for 2015 Equine Industry Vision Award
October 18, 2014
The winner will be announced June 19, 2015, at the American Horse Publications Seminar in San Antonio, Texas.... Read More
Carbohydrate Composition and Equine Digestion
October 18, 2014
Researchers studied how high-fiber feeds affect horses' feed passage rate, water balance, and nutrient digestion.... Read More
Australia's Ban on AI in Thoroughbreds Upheld by High Court
October 17, 2014
The federal court determined that the ban is not anti-competitive or a restraint on trade.... Read More
How to Introduce Horses
October 17, 2014
An equine behavior expert and veterinarian shares recommendations for introducing horses that will live together.... Read More
The Vet Tech's Role in Recovery from Anesthesia
October 17, 2014
The veterinary technician often the primary staff member responsible for overseeing recovery from anesthesia.... Read More
Texas Releases Final Vesicular Stomatitis Quarantines
October 17, 2014
Meanwhile, dozens of premises in Colorado remain under quarantine for the disease. ... Read More
RMTC Notes Uniform Racehorse Medication Program Steps
October 17, 2014
A review says most major racing jurisdictions will have a portion of the program's components in place by year's end.... Read More
Study: Horses can Communicate Blanketing Preferences
October 17, 2014
Researchers taught horses to request a blanket be put on, a rug be taken off, or no change using different symbols.... Read More
Ohio Authorities Probe Horse Hair Thefts
October 16, 2014
The Oct. 12 incident is the latest in a series of horse hair thefts in central Ohio.... Read More
The Vet Tech's Role in Collecting and Handling Semen
October 16, 2014
The goal is to safely collect the best possible sample, and a technician's role is important from beginning to end.... Read More
Don't Ignore Exotic Diseases
October 16, 2014
One veterinarian shares her thoughts on what West Nile virus can teach us about exotic equine diseases.... Read More
Racehorse Owners Schooled on Horse Health, Care Issues
October 16, 2014
Owners heard lectures on topics such as the musculoskeletal system, nutrition, and second careers.... Read More
Do Professionals Judge Horse Behavior Like Scientists?
October 16, 2014
Researchers found that equestrian professionals appear to disagree with scientists on horses' head and neck positions.... Read More
Infographic: Protecting Your Horse From Disease
October 15, 2014
Protect your horse from infectious disease exposure by using tips from our step-by-step visual guide.... Read More
The Vet Tech's Role in Colic Surgery
October 15, 2014
Veterinary technicians play many roles before, during, and after colic surgery. Learn more about their roles.... Read More
Kentucky Horse Park Commission Names New Executive Director
October 15, 2014
The Kentucky Horse Park Commission has selected Jamie Link as the new executive director of the Kentucky Horse Park.... Read More


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Feelflows Surfboards x Lightning Bolt Editorial
I've mentioned my brother's project as a shaper quite a few times before…Similarly to myself, he too changed his life course to pursue his passions and hence Feelflows was born.
His unique creative mindset and refined aesthetic have led to exclusive surfboard designs. This one is a personal favourite and a perfect example of how fabrics can transcend the fashion realm into different areas: in a collaboration with Lightning Bolt, he incorporated a fabric inlay from their SS14 collection onto this 6'0"Hullico. The result is nothing short of outstanding…
Board and Styling: Feelflows Surfboards
Ph: Filipa Alves
Source: feelflows-surfboards
END's on sale! Time to step up your Barbour game…
Source: endclothing.co.uk
McNasty x C Store SS14 Collection
As temperature rises and sunny days start to make an appearance, it's time to start thinking about your beach attire. When it comes to swimwear, it's hard to find a better option that Orlebar Brown's photography print shorts…
Source: orlebarbrown.co.uk
John Lobb revamps the timeless boat shoe.
Source: leffot.com
Another outstanding lookbook by Atelier de l'Armée, this time around taking their vintage and deadstock pieces to a beachside scenario.
Source: atelierdelarmee.com
Massimo Dutti June Lookbook
Ralph Lauren Home "Point Dume" Collection
Berluti by GQ Japan
Source: gqjapan.jp
Visvim Fabro-Folk Loafer


text:
"As a man can drink water from any side of a full tank, so the skilled theologian can wrest from any scripture that which will serve his purpose.
Find a translation for this quote in other languages:
Select another language:
Discuss this Bhagavad Gita quote with the community:
Use the citation below to add this quote to your bibliography:
"Bhagavad Gita Quotes." Quotes.net. STANDS4 LLC, 2014. Web. 24 Oct. 2014. <http://www.quotes.net/quote/42667>.


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« DVD | Main | TT: Almanac »
May 17, 2012
MUSEUMEdouard Vuillard: A Painter and His Muses, 1890-1940 (Jewish Museum, up through Sept. 23). A wide-ranging, thoughtfully curated, and unusually beautiful show of fifty paintings and works on paper by the most underappreciated of post-impressionist masters. Very strongly recommended, especially if you suffer from the sorely mistaken notion that Vuillard's later portrait were created merely to please his high-society clients (TT).
Posted May 17, 2012 9:22 PM


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Can We Make It to Mars?
See new space suits, foods, and rockets that may support future Mars-bound astronauts, and meet a Mars rover driver. Airs August 1, 2012 at 10pm
- Originally aired 01.11.11
Program Description
Can humans survive a trip to Mars and back that could take two to three years? This episode of NOVA scienceNOW examines all of the perils of this journey, including deadly meteoroids, bone and muscle deterioration, and cosmic radiation. Host Neil deGrasse Tyson checks in with scientists who are developing new ways to keep astronauts alive on such a journey. Among the innovations covered are meteoroid-proof materials, new space foods and spacesuits, and novel modes of transport, such as plasma rockets. This episode also profiles young female scientist and daredevil Vandi Verma, part of the team that drives the Mars rovers on the martian surface.
Can We Make It To Mars?
PBS Airdate: January 19, 2011
NEIL DEGRASSE TYSON (Astrophysicist, American Museum of Natural History)>: Hi, I'm Neil deGrasse Tyson, your host of NOVA scienceNOW, where this season we're asking six big questions.
On this episode,Can We Make It to Mars?
We would love to take a walk on the Red Planet, but can we get there alive?
JERRY LINENGER (NASA Astronaut, 1992–1998): You can go from a perfect day to a very bad day that quickly.
NEIL DEGRASSE TYSON: There's space rocks way faster than speeding bullets.
JERRY LINENGER: All of a sudden, I look and see the solar panel just joosh. Instant hole, this big.
SIGRID CLOSE (Researcher, Stanford University): This is why it's so dangerous to send out missions. They can take out a spacecraft.
NEIL DEGRASSE TYSON: And cosmic rays punching through our brains…
JERRY LINENGER: I would see a flash and flash, flash, flash.
NEIL DEGRASSE TYSON: …and our selves.
C. MICHAEL FOALE (NASA Astronaut): They are a bullet traveling at an enormous speed.
NEIL DEGRASSE TYSON: Researchers are spinning up some ingenious plans…
JANNA KAPLAN (Researcher ,Brandeis University): Don't let the force leave you.
NEIL DEGRASSE TYSON: …to keep astronauts safe, but will they work? And if astronauts do make it to Mars, what will they wear? Humans can't survive without a pressurized suit.
DAVA NEWMAN (Researcher, Massachusetts Institute of Technology): Basically, the gas in your lungs would boil.
DR. SMITH JOHNSTON (NASA Flight Surgeon): You would be dead very quickly.
NEIL DEGRASSE TYSON: NASA astronaut Mike Massimino…
MIKE MASSIMINO (NASA Astronaut): I feel like an Italian sausage.
NEIL DEGRASSE TYSON: …looks into a revolutionary new idea to keep Mars explorers alive and kicking.
Also, would you eat a piece of meat that's been sitting around for eight years? I did!
This NASA lab is cooking up food for the long journey to Mars. Eating in space is already no picnic, but with or without gravity, some of the space meals are delicious.
Mmm, I like that.
But can they stay tasty all the way to Mars?
Now this looks nasty.
MICHELE PERCHONOK (NASA Food Scientist): That is.
NEIL DEGRASSE TYSON: All that and more, on this episode of NOVA scienceNOW.
Four decades ago, humans first walked on the moon, satisfying our thirst for exploration. And now we're setting our sights on another rock out there: Mars.
A trip to the Red Planet would likely cover a half a billion miles, about a thousand times farther than the Apollo missions. A roundtrip could take two or three years, and one big challenge is surviving harsh conditions, including some we don't encounter here on Earth.
Here in the New Mexico desert, home to of all sorts of top-secret government projects, NASA has built one of the world's most powerful guns. Some 60 yards long, it targets spaceships, though not alien spaceships, our own.
The gun simulates cosmic collisions that will threaten astronauts traveling to Mars.
So, you guys call this a gun? But it looks nothing like a gun. I think of a gun, I think of handguns or rifles. How fast does a rifle bullet go?
DONALD HENDERSON (White Sands Test Facility): About 2,000 miles per hour.
NEIL DEGRASSE TYSON: And what do you pull out of this?
DONALD HENDERSON: Twenty-thousand miles per hour.
NEIL DEGRASSE TYSON: Twenty thousand miles an hour? That's fast.
The most surprising thing is not the gun's size or power, but its bullets.
These itty bitty things?
DONALD HENDERSON: Uh huh.
NEIL DEGRASSE TYSON: Twenty thousand miles an hour?
They represent a danger that could end a mission to Mars. Space is not as empty as you might think, but littered with small fragments of comets, asteroids and planets, called meteoroids. In the vacuum of space, they move at deadly speeds.
And NASA's huge gun demonstrates just how dangerous they can be. These metal plates represent the walls of an unshielded spacecraft.
DONALD HENDERSON: This is a half-inch projectile, and it was traveling at about 16,000 miles per hour. It made a hole in the front plate, and then a slightly larger hole.
NEIL DEGRASSE TYSON: It kept going?
DONALD HENDERSON: Yes.
So an astronaut could be right behind this wall.
And this…
NEIL DEGRASSE TYSON: Whoa.
DONALD HENDERSON: …is what is left over. It is essentially…
NEIL DEGRASSE TYSON: Whoa.
DONALD HENDERSON: …a shotgun blast.
NEIL DEGRASSE TYSON: The speed of the impact shattered the bullet, and its debris smashed ever-larger holes in the inner walls. It's a sobering lesson for NASA.
Meteoroids have already knocked out or damaged numerous spacecraft, including the probe Mariner 4, which snapped the first close-up pictures of Mars in 1965.
After its fly-by…
SIGRID CLOSE: It ran into a cloud of meteoroids no bigger than the size of a grain of sand. And over the course of about 45 minutes, they were seeing thousands of impacts on the spacecraft.
NEIL DEGRASSE TYSON: Another meteoroid strike was witnessed by astronaut Jerry Linenger.
JERRY LINENGER: During my time on the Russian Space Station, all of a sudden, I look, in the corner of my eye, I see the solar panel just joosh, you know. Instant hole, this big.
NEIL DEGRASSE TYSON: If astronauts are to survive a mission to Mars, we have to find a way to protect them from meteoroids. And so, today, the gun will test new lightweight shielding for the walls of a Mars spaceship.
It doesn't look very protective. This is foam I can stick my finger in.
DONALD HENDERSON: But it's a smartly designed shield, because what happens is the velocity is so fast—of these projectiles—when they impact, the speed breaks it apart, and then the rest of this target will absorb the impact.
NEIL DEGRASSE TYSON: So will this shield stop a projectile going over 16,000 miles an hour?
To find out, the shield is bolted in the target chamber. Then air is pumped out, to replicate the vacuum of space. We head to the bunker below for protection while the gun gets fired.
CONTROLLER(NASA):Three, two, one.
NEIL DEGRASSE TYSON: That was cool.
And the result? Did the shield stop the bullet?
Well, obviously it went through.
CONTROLLER: Yup.
NEIL DEGRASSE TYSON: But just look at the inner wall:no penetration. Nothing came out the other side.
CONTROLLER: That's right, it worked.
NEIL DEGRASSE TYSON: The layers of foam, metal and bulletproof materials pulverized the debris from the impact.
So this takes out all the energy of those projectiles.
DONALD HENDERSON: And it stops them.
NEIL DEGRASSE TYSON: So this is where astronauts can be? They can be cooking breakfast here. They're safe from the hazards of space.
Well, not really. Meteoroids are only one peril of many.
JERRY LINENGER: Systems failing, possibility of a fire, possibility of losing electrical power—you can go from a perfect day to a very bad day that quickly.
NEIL DEGRASSE TYSON: Some threats aren't so obvious. In fact, one of the biggest looks like harmless fun.
Many astronauts report that being weightless is what they love most about space.
CLAYTON ANDERSON (NASA Astronaut, 1992–1998): I would wake up in the morning and fly to breakfast; then I would fly to work. I could fly to the bathroom, and I even flew while I was going to the bathroom. I was Superman every single day.
NEIL DEGRASSE TYSON: But what feels good may not be so good for you, as Jerry Linenger discovered after spending five months in zero gravity on the Russian Space Station.
JERRY LINENGER: By the time I got back, I had about a 14 percent bone loss. Now that was isolated to hips, lower spine. And my strength level was probably 65 percent of what I went up there with.
NEIL DEGRASSE TYSON: With no gravitational force to work against, your body not only doesn't need the same amount of muscle and bone, it starts breaking them down. As on Earth, so in space: use it or lose it. And exercise may not solve the problem.
JERRY LINENGER: I exercised two one-hour periods every day, religiously. And my personal experience is that the bone loss seems to keep going on and on.
NEIL DEGRASSE TYSON: And yet, there is a solution: artificial gravity, a force created by spinning.
You can see it in the sci-fi classic,2001: A Space Odyssey. And you can experience it right now, in this small, spinning room at Brandeis University, as I did, recently, with neurophysiologist Janna Kaplan.
JANNA KAPLAN: Notice how we talk to each other, but we don't look at each other.
NEIL DEGRASSE TYSON: Yes, well, I want to look at you, but I feel…
JANNA KAPLAN: Don't!
NEIL DEGRASSE TYSON: It's hard.
I'm trying to conduct a conversation, but I'm having trouble turning my head.
The rotation, you see, is generating a centrifugal force that pushes everything in the room away from its center, towards the wall. It makes me lean pretty oddly, but, far as my body is concerned, this force is no different from gravity. To move, I have to work against it.
Okay, now I've got to turn around.
JANNA KAPLAN: Now, turn around slowly. Try to peel off the wall.
NEIL DEGRASSE TYSON: And I mean work.
JANNA KAPLAN: Peel. Everything is a peeling motion.
NEIL DEGRASSE TYSON: No chance of muscles and bones wasting away around here.
JAMES LACKNER (Brandeis University): It's the centrifugal force which is pushing him backwards. So, he feels like he's got to fight so hard to get away from the wall. And he may feel as much as 30 percent heavier.
JANNA KAPLAN: Always feel the force.
NEIL DEGRASSE TYSON: May the force be with me.
JANNA KAPLAN: Don't let the force leave you.
NEIL DEGRASSE TYSON: Now remember, this room is on Earth. So, spinning or not, our planet's own gravity is always pulling us downward. Meanwhile the artificial gravity pushes us backwards. The two forces combined make things hang in here at odd angles. And this is also why the room eventually makes some visitors a bit queasy.
But if I were free of real gravity, artificial gravity would have me jogging comfortably on the wall, just like they did in2001.
Now, building a spinning spaceship isn't practical. But a small spinning room on board might suffice, giving astronauts an Earth-like exercise space to keep their bones and muscles from wasting away.
Though that's not to say Mars explorers will be safe—even remotely, because they'll still have to face the worst space danger of all, a danger astronauts see, simply by closing their eyes.
JERRY LINENGER: I used to sleep upside down, piece of Velcro around me. Close my eyes, and then I would see a flash and flash, flash, flash.
MICHAEL FOALE: You'd get this single point of light and then a big circle around it, right there in your brain.
NEIL DEGRASSE TYSON: The flashes are caused by cosmic rays, subatomic particles, like protons, generated by exploding stars, far off in our galaxy. Traveling close to light-speed, these high-energy particles will pierce a spaceship and its astronauts, their retinas, their brains.
This doesn't happen on Earth, because our planet's atmosphere and magnetic field protect us from the constant barrage of cosmic radiation.
JERRY LINENGER: You go to Mars, you're going to get a very heavy radiation dose. There is no way to protect against that. You can't carry lead up into space in a wall that would be thick enough.
MICHAEL FOALE: There is not much to stop them because they are so energetic. They are a bullet traveling at an enormous speed.
NEIL DEGRASSE TYSON: Pelted by this highly destructive kind of radiation, D.N.A. breaks apart, predisposing the cell to cancer.
Research continues, but we have yet to find a practical defense against cosmic rays.
JERRY LINENGER: You go to Mars, you're raising your risk of cancer, lifelong. But there are always innate risks to space travel, and there's no way to get around them. And you just do your best to minimize those risks and control them where you can.
NEIL DEGRASSE TYSON: So we might be able to protect our Mars explorers from some of the dangers they will face, but only some. Yet, knowing all that, today's astronauts are undeterred.
PEGGY WHITSON (NASA Astronaut): In my mind, it's part of our genetic code that we should explore to see what's beyond the mountain. And I would love to be the first person to step on another planet.
ANDREW THOMAS (NASA Astronaut): Just imagine what that would be like. Everything you see would be completely alien to your experiences here on Earth. It would be just an amazing, amazing experience.
MICHAEL FOALE: I would go to Mars under any condition. I would dearly, dearly like to take my wife with me. Human evolution involves exploration.
JERRY LINENGER: And I don't care what the risk is. That's something, that you actually are moving mankind forward. It is worth your life, and I'd sign up for that mission in a heartbeat.
Meet the "water bear."
They're very small.
They can survive temperatures as low as -459°F.
>And as high as 257°F.
They can go without water and air for at least 10 days.
And many are able to survive radiation exposure.
It's the only animal that can survive the harsh conditions of space.
Sign them up, NASA.
NEIL DEGRASSE TYSON: One thing obviously lacking in space is air. Now, of course, air is crucial for us to stay alive. Our bodies need a constant supply of oxygen.
Here on Earth, air provides something just as essential but much less obvious: pressure.
Consider this: a column of air one inch across, stretching from the ground to the top of Earth's atmosphere, weighs about 15 pounds. That's about the same weight as a small dog, or a watermelon. We don't feel it, but that weight is constantly pressing against our bodies and within our lungs. Without it, we'd be dead.
NASA astronaut Mike Massimino has survived the deadly vacuum of space. We got him to tell us how and what we need to do before humans can safely walk on Mars.
MIKE MASSIMINO: Astronauts like me might not like to admit it, but space is a dangerous place. I've walked in space four times. That's me doing repairs on the Hubble Space Telescope. Every minute I'm out there, I know the only thing between me and oblivion is my spacesuit.
The first step, getting dressed for space, is to put on some undergarments. So now I have on my T.C.U., or thermal comfort undergarment, which is the slang for long underwear. And underneath that is my M.A.G., or the maximum absorbency garment, which is slang for diaper. And that answers the question of "how do you go to the restroom if you're locked inside of the spacesuit?"
At roughly 10,000,000 dollars, today's spacesuit is one of the most expensive garments in the entire solar system. And a lot of that expense goes into creating something you wouldn't expect: air pressure.
SABRINA GILMORE (NASA Spacesuit Instructor): Because the astronauts have to take their own pressure when they're doing their spacewalk, you can think of the spacesuit as, like, a big bag of air.
MIKE MASSIMINO: So why is air pressure so important? What would happen to our bodies without it?
SMITH JOHNSTON: If somebody gets sucked out of the space station without a spacesuit, what would happen? Well, that would be a very bad day.
You would not explode; you would just slowly expand. And you'd get to a certain spot, and then, essentially, turn to a goo, a mush, and then sort of vaporize. You would be dead very quickly.
DAVA NEWMAN: Basically, the gas in your lungs and even the solution in your bloodstream would boil.
MIKE MASSIMINO: The cells in your body are filled with dissolved gases, like oxygen and nitrogen. Without air pressure pushing hard against these cells, all that gas is going to bubble out of solution, just like it does when you open a bottle of soda.
DAVA NEWMAN: We cannot survive, just the human body, in the vacuum of space. We have to have protection from a spacesuit.
MIKE MASSIMINO: But how much air pressure does the spacesuit need to keep us alive?
Down here on Earth, the one atmosphere of air pressure at sea level feels very comfortable. As you rise up in altitude, there are fewer air molecules around you, producing less pressure. At 30,000 feet, the height of Mt. Everest, the pressure drops to only one-third of an atmosphere. Luckily, as long as there's plenty of oxygen, humans can survive okay in one-third atmosphere, and that's the amount of pressure they put into the spacesuit.
The whole spacesuit is pumped full of air, like a balloon. But even that causes a major problem. It makes the suit incredibly stiff.
SABRINA GILMORE: You can think of it as like a football. When a football's not inflated, you could bend it a little bit. But, when it's pressurized you would not be able to bend it. And the spacesuit's not that different.
MIKE MASSIMINO: And all that stiffness makes the suit extremely hard to move around in.
In space, I use up a lot of my energy just fighting the suit. The stiffness is particularly noticeable in the gloves. The pressure that keeps me alive makes it really difficult to use my hands.
SABRINA GILMORE: If you took a rubber band and wrapped it around your fingers, and if you just opened and closed maybe 15, 20 times, you'll get a feeling of what makes it so physically demanding.
MIKE MASSIMINO: Astronauts have been on the front lines of the battle between life-saving pressure and mobility since the beginning of space travel.
By the time Neil Armstrong made that giant leap for mankind it was clear: leaping was doable, walking, not so much.
Trust me. I know. These suits aren't made for walking.
If we want to send human explorers to Mars, we're going to need a new kind of spacesuit.
SMITH JOHNSTON: We have to have much more robust suits and capabilities, before we can even think about going to Mars.
MIKE MASSIMINO: Back down on Earth, at my alma mater, M.I.T., a former classmate, Dava Newman, has set up a space-age garment district. She's trying to create a new spacesuit, specifically designed for Mars. Her biggest challenge? Perfecting a whole new way of producing lifesaving pressure.
DAVA NEWMAN: My passion is astronaut performance. Is there a different way, a better way, perhaps, to provide pressure?
MIKE MASSIMINO: And the solution? Dava wants to shrink-wrap astronauts and apply the pressure directly to their skin.
Hollywood has been shrink-wrapping space-traveling actresses for years, but the goal was purely aesthetic. No one knew if you could build enough pressure into a tight suit to keep an astronaut alive, so Dava does a lot of experimenting.
DAVA NEWMAN: Let's roll up your pant leg.
MIKE MASSIMINO: Alright.
DAVA NEWMAN: We're going to show you a prototype of mechanical counter-pressure, meaning where we apply the pressure directly to your skin. We really want you to have maximum mobility, just like you would in your street clothes.
MIKE MASSIMINO: Yeah.
DAVA NEWMAN: So, I'm going to put this suit completely on you, like "shrink-wrap an astronaut."
We need to provide a third of an atmosphere, and we've been working on that for about 10 years. Could we provide enough pressure to keep someone alive?
MIKE MASSIMINO: One way to find out is to wrap body parts in super stretchy material to see if you can apply pressure uniformly, otherwise it could hurt.
I feel like an Italian sausage. That's what I feel like.
Wrapping people like sausages is just the beginning. Dava studies human motion, trying to preserve mobility while maintaining pressure. She even tries out her spacesuit ideas on a robot.
DAVA NEWMAN: I'm collecting a lot of data out of the robot because it informs our spacesuit design.
MIKE MASSIMINO: But even the tightest girdle-like bodysuit can't provide quite enough pressure to keep a person alive in the vacuum of space.
It just isn't tight enough.
DAVA NEWMAN: If we put the astronauts into a compression stocking, that's great. But it still only gets me two-thirds of the way there.
How can I get the rest?
MIKE MASSIMINO: Looking for inspiration to solve the problem, Dava turns to the animal kingdom. The possibilities are endless: the balletic bat, the slithery snake, or the creature with the highest stature in the animal kingdom: the giraffe?
DAVA NEWMAN: I always wondered, "Why don't giraffes faint?" That's a tall creature. His head's down eating on the grass, puts his head up to reach the tree, five meters. Why doesn't he faint?
MIKE MASSIMINO: So what about the giraffe's physiology keeps its blood from rushing out of his head?
DAVA NEWMAN: I actually think giraffes have, like, an internal g-suit, an instantaneous pressurization.
MIKE MASSIMINO: Special muscles in the giraffe's blood vessels constrict to create pressure. That blocks the blood from escaping out of his head.
DAVA NEWMAN: Maybe we can learn from nature—biomimicry—and, as an engineer, put that into some of our designs.
MIKE MASSIMINO: The constricting vessels in the giraffe's upper neck inspired the idea of building additional pressure into the suit with a tight web of super-strong red fibers.
DAVA NEWMAN: Now, what I'm doing is giving you a bit of structure. Through that structure, I can actually even carry more pressure.
MIKE MASSIMINO: So if you just had the complete suit here, without the lines, you'd be able to move around in it fine, but you wouldn't get the pressure, the protection you need to work in the vacuum of space.
But the red lines need to go in just the right places, so they don't inhibit mobility.
Though we don't have a complete, full-pressure suit yet, we're getting there, and Dava's built a slightly looser mockup. This could be the spacesuit of the future.
I can't wait to see what she looks like.
She calls it the biosuit.
You look like a superhero!
DAVA NEWMAN: I want to be Elastigirl. Yeah, Elastigirl was one of my favorites.
MIKE MASSIMINO: You look like Elastigirl. It's futuristic.
Amazingly, a combination of tight stretchy fabric and a stiff web of fibers looks like it can provide the necessary pressure directly to the skin, but it isn't easy.
What is the hardest part of the body to pressurize in this suit?
DAVA NEWMAN: It's definitely the elbows, the joints, and the concave areas: the back of the knees, armpits. Those areas are really complicated.
MIKE MASSIMINO: I volunteered to test-drive her suit in space. Unfortunately, the mockup isn't mission-ready, and it only comes in ladies sizes.
When are you going to be ready for primetime?
DAVA NEWMAN: We would really need a few more years of research, so that's where we're at in terms of the development of the suit.
MIKE MASSIMINO: A fully functional biosuit will contain smart wires so scientists can monitor your vital signs. The hard backplate will support the oxygen tanks needed for breathing.
Speaking of breathing, that part of the suit would be pretty much the same as today, with a gas-pressurized helmet, but you'll breathe easier.
Dava's found you could run around in the biosuit and consume about 50 percent less oxygen than you would in today's bulky suit.
DAVA NEWMAN: We've proven the technical feasibility. This is possible. We might have this incredibly different way to design spacesuits for the future.
MIKE MASSIMINO: I may be too old to go to the Red Planet, but it's almost certain that the astronauts of tomorrow will have a very different wardrobe than the one I've been wearing. They'll have suits that are made for walking.
NEIL DEGRASSE TYSON: Even after just a few days in the fridge, a lot of food can get pretty unappetizing, mostly because mold and bacteria begin to take over your food. So, imagine eating meals that had been sitting around for two to three years!
That's what the astronauts who go to Mars are going to have to do.
I met some chefs trying to cook up delicious dishes that will provide all the comforts of home, even when the dining room is 100 million miles away. In a food lab at the Johnson Space Center, Michele Perchonok heats up pork chops for a taste test.
If you're the type who likes your food fresh, this isn't the meal for you. One of these chops has been sitting on a shelf at room temperature for two years, the other has been lying around for eight. That's right , I said "eight" years.
Can I tell which one? And will my stomach mind this experience less than it did artificial gravity? We shall soon find out.
I think this one is older.
So, in other words, it wasn't obvious to me that one was eight years old and one was two. But I have to…if I were to guess, I would say this one, because the meat was just a little mushier, and I'm thinking maybe it would break down over time.
MICHELE PERCHONOK (NASA Food Scientist): Actually, that one's the two-year-old product, and this one's the eight-year-old product.
NEIL DEGRASSE TYSON: So, I was wrong?
MICHELE PERCHONOK: You were wrong.
NEIL DEGRASSE TYSON: Michele heads up a team figuring out how to feed astronauts all the way to Mars and back. The food will have to be nutritious, last for years, taste good and, of course, behave itself in zero gravity.
You see, weightless food tends to do the darndest things, which limits the menu.
SUNITA WILLIAMS (NASA Astronaut): Anything that can just float in the air easily is a problem. And it's going to get in people's sleeping bags, it's going to get in science experiments, it's going to get in people's eyes. One of the reasons I cut my hair when I was up there was I was worried about people at the dinner table eating and then a piece of my hair comes by and floats in their mouth.
NEIL DEGRASSE TYSON: Astronauts cook by adding cold or hot water to freeze-dried foods, or heating food pouches in an electric warmer. A pair of scissors—in space more useful than a fork or spoon—opens the meals, which, actually, can be pretty good, as I discover courtesy of Vickie Kloeris, Michele's colleague.
What's next?
VICKIE KLOERIS (NASA Food Scientist): Okay, We have one of our thermal-stabilized entrees, fiesta chicken.
NEIL DEGRASSE TYSON: Thermal-stabilized? Again, it's just preserved?
VICKIE KLOERIS: Preserved, shelf-stable.
NEIL DEGRASSE TYSON: Preserved is a little more appetizing than thermal-stabilized. Put simply, it's a way of killing germs with heat.
And I see, uh, Cyrillic characters here? In Russian?
VICKIE KLOERIS: Well, actually in Russian it translates as "party chicken."
NEIL DEGRASSE TYSON: Party chicken!
VICKIE KLOERIS: Which was a little difficult for our Russian colleagues to understand.
NEIL DEGRASSE TYSON: And I'll taste this.
Mm, I like that.
MICHELE PERCHONOK: That's a very good product.
NEIL DEGRASSE TYSON: Good for Earth orbit, but what about Mars? When it comes to feeding an expedition like that, problems multiply.
Michele and Vickie must plan 7,000 meals and snacks to nourish six people for up to three years. And if food is sent ahead of the astronauts, it will have to keep for five years. Yet only seven of NASA's 65 thermo-stabilized edibles have that kind of shelf-life. The rest end up like this.
So, this looks nasty.
MICHELE PERCHONOK: That is very nasty. So what you are looking at here is our citrus fruit salad, five-year-old versus two-year-old.
NEIL DEGRASSE TYSON: So something happened between two and five years. What?
MICHELE PERCHONOK: There's a lot of chemistry going on.
NEIL DEGRASSE TYSON: Even if you kill off every microbe in sealed food, it still contains sugars and proteins that react with each other over time. The result is obvious when you compare this youthful and geriatric chicken salad.
So the chicken gets darker and the greenery becomes pale, and it's not just a cosmetic phenomena.
MICHELE PERCHONOK: No.
NEIL DEGRASSE TYSON: You are losing nutrients, you're losing…?
MICHELE PERCHONOK: You are losing flavor, nutrients, probably texture, you're losing everything.
NEIL DEGRASSE TYSON: A solution might be new packaging that keeps out all water and air, unlike today's plastics.
MICHELE PERCHONOK: With that packaging, we get a about a 9- to 12-month shelf-life. So there is no way we are going to Mars with this kind of packaging.
NEIL DEGRASSE TYSON: Nor can we use foil, fine for low-earth orbit, but too heavy for Mars, when you're launching 22,000 pounds of food at the cost of a million dollars per pound.
There is also something else to consider.
JERRY LINENGER: When you're in space, stuck inside, basically, a can, food becomes, kind of, a highlight of the day.
CLAYTON ANDERSON: You have to eat in order to survive, but what people don't understand, I don't think, is the psychological aspect of food.
ANDREW THOMAS: Because it is one the few pleasures that you have control over. And I think people serving on submarines have long understood the importance of food for crews' well-being.
NEIL DEGRASSE TYSON: Since good food makes astronauts happy, I asked Michele and Vickie if there's a popular dish they'd especially like to send to Mars.
VICKIE KLOERIS: Well, I think that would be our shrimp cocktail.
NEIL DEGRASSE TYSON: That sounds good.
VICKIE KLOERIS: Our shrimp cocktail is a freeze-dried product. So this has been rehydrated.
NEIL DEGRASSE TYSON: It's not only the shrimp, it's the cocktail sauce?
VICKIE KLOERIS: It's the sauce.
NEIL DEGRASSE TYSON: If Earth were 50-million miles away, this would be five stars, but on Earth I've had better shrimp cocktail at the local…
VICKIE KLOERIS: I certainly hope so.
NEIL DEGRASSE TYSON: It better not have been freeze-dried for what I was paying for it.
Everyone loves soda pop!
It tickles your tummy!
And makes you burp!
But never drink soda pop in zero gravity…
Because everything you eat and drink just floats around in there…
So when you burp, it isn't just air that comes out!
That's why astronauts don't bring soda pop to space.
NEIL DEGRASSE TYSON: If you have to cross a great distance with no pit stops, the slower you go, the more supplies you're forced to carry. And if your route takes you through dangerous territory, all the more reason to speed things up.
That's especially true for a roundtrip to Mars, which, with current technology, might take two or three years.
Correspondent Jake Ward caught up with some folks trying to revolutionize space flight. And if their plans work, future spaceships would go so fast, they'd leave our long-distance-traveling woes far behind us.
JAKE WARD (Correspondent): The space between Earth and Mars is filled with stuff that can kill you: meteoroids can smash your spaceship to bits; zero gravity eats away at your bones; and cosmic rays increase your odds of getting cancer. The risks all get worse the longer the trip. Right now, the best rockets would take two and a half years to get us there and back.
MICHAEL FOALE: Two and a half years is what I see as the biggest risk going to Mars.
JAKE WARD: Why so long? The problem is fuel.
The fuel in this shuttle tank weighs almost a million pounds, and that just gets you into near-earth orbit. Mars is still more than 35,000,000 miles away. You can't carry enough fuel to fire engines all the way to Mars. In fact, a chemical rocket would empty its gas tank just escaping Earth's gravity and then would let momentum carry it the rest of the way.
EDGAR BERING (Astrophysicist, University of Houston): Now, the problem with that is that you're coasting the whole way.
JAKE WARD: Which takes a very long time.
EDGAR BERING: The other problem with that is that if anything goes wrong, you're stuck. You have no abort capability in mid-flight.
JAKE WARD: Former astronaut Franklin Chang-Diaz is well aware of the dangers of such a mission.
FRANKLIN CHANG-DIAZ (Astrophysicist, Ad Astra Rocket Company): At that point, you have no choice but just to continue to go. And, god forbid, you lose propellant or you lose an oxygen tank, and it's not going to be possible to return. And we would watch this crew die, for months, in front of the whole world.
JAKE WARD: To make sure this doesn't happen, engineers are designing new kinds of rockets that could go much faster and more efficiently. They range from water vapor thrusters to going nuclear, but none can get a crew to Mars and back in less than a year.
So, this is it.
FRANKLIN CHANG-DIAZ: This is it.
JAKE WARD: But here, outside Houston, Chang-Diaz and his team are building a potentially game changing rocket called the VASIMR.
FRANKLIN CHANG-DIAZ: The ultimate goal is to have a small sun in the engine.
JAKE WARD: A sun in the engine? Well, kind of. The VASIMR uses radio waves to heat argon gas to a million degrees, so hot it becomes a plasma. The sun is made of plasma. In a plasma, atoms break down into a soup of charged particles that move very, very fast. And if you fire these very hot, very fast particles out the back of a spaceship, you've got a rocket that can really move.
But putting this sun in the engine creates some new problems.
Think of this candle as a conventional rocket. It's plenty hot, but VASIMR, it's really a whole other ball of wax.
Test firings have already topped a million degrees, thousands of times hotter than a chemical engine.
So the challenge for VASIMR is: how do you keep an engine this hot from destroying everything around it?
LAWRENCE DEAN (Ad Astra Rocket Company) This is 3/16 stainless, and it was in the way of the plume coming out.
JAKE WARD: Wow!
LAWRENCE DEAN : It did a pretty good job on it.
JAKE WARD: I don't know much, but this is broken. I know that much. Holy cow.
Fortunately, there may be a solution: magnets. If you can encircle the million-degree plasma with a strong magnetic field, it will form a heat shield and stop the plasma from destroying its surroundings.
With this shield in place, Franklin thinks the VASIMR can go 35 miles per second, through space. That's fast enough to get from New York to Los Angeles in roughly a minute and a half.
That means you could cut down the roundtrip to Mars from two and a half years in a chemical rocket, to just five months. And by getting about 5,000 miles to the gallon, you'd be lugging around a much smaller gas tank.
In 2014, they plan to test the VASIMR engine in space, for the first time, when they attach it to the International Space Station. After that, they hope to get it ready for deep space travel. And if it's successful…
FRANKLIN CHANG-DIAZ: It completely opens up not just a mission to Mars, but it opens up, potentially, the entire solar system to human exploration.
Don't like the high cost of rocket fuel?
Tired of racing around in space?
Wouldn't it just be great to slow down and enjoy the ride?
Yes. One day we might just be sailing through space!
Light from the sun actually pushes against reflective surfaces.
And if they are large enough, they can propel a vessel through space.
And scientists have already launched some successful tests.
So how long would it take to get to Mars?
A little over two years!
NEIL DEGRASSE TYSON: It might take a while before we have the technology to get a human safely to Mars, but, in the meantime, we're already exploring the Red Planet.
So, what's it like on Mars?
ROBOT: What's it like? It's freezing, that's what. And the dust!
NEIL DEGRASSE TYSON: Alright, move five meters to the right, and pick up that rock.
ROBOT: That's easy for you to say. You know what dust can do to your servos?
NEIL DEGRASSE TYSON: Oh, come on. Give it a try!
ROBOT: Give it a try? I don't believe this guy.
NEIL DEGRASSE TYSON: Okay, so today's Martian robot explorers don't have this much attitude. But in this episode's profile, we meet a designer who thinks maybe they should.
Vandi Verma is a natural born trailblazer.
VANDI VERMA (Mars Rover Driver): I really love adventure and exploration.
NEIL DEGRASSE TYSON: She constantly looks for new discoveries to make and obstacles to overcome, from climbing mountains to flying planes to her job as a rover driver at NASA.
VANDI VERMA: I've always loved exploring the environment I was in, and the rovers allow me to explore another planet.
NEIL DEGRASSE TYSON: Humans may be decades away from visiting Mars, but Vandi gets a first-hand look at the Red Planet every day she goes to work.
PAUL TOMPKINS (Space Robotics Engineer/Vandi Verma's Husband): Through being at that console, she gets direct virtual presence on the surface of Mars in a way very few other people in the world do.
NEIL DEGRASSE TYSON: She is one of the people responsible for making sure the rovers, Spirit and Opportunity, make it through each drive safely.
NASA originally scheduled the mission to last just 90 days, but that was back in 2004, and the vigilance of drivers like Vandi has kept the rovers alive and exploring much longer.
Vandi began dreaming of this interplanetary adventure back in 1997, when NASA sent another rover, Sojourner, to Mars.
VANDI VERMA: So, when the very first Mars rover landed, I remember reading about it, and I was just amazed because it was such an amazing thing to do, to accomplish, to get a rover on another planet. And I was like, "Someday, I want to work on that."
NEIL DEGRASSE TYSON: Her passion for out-of-this-world exploration traces back to her childhood in India.
VANDI VERMA: I first became interested when somebody gave me this little book about space. And it was the first time I realized just how vast the universe was, and just how different the various planets, even in our own solar system was. And I wanted to see them. It seemed like a very remote possibility, but I never gave up hope for it.
NEIL DEGRASSE TYSON: The odds were stacked against her. Growing up in a traditional Indian family, Vandi was expected to follow her mother's wishes, to settle down and enter an arranged marriage with a nice Indian husband.
VANDI VERMA: My parents have an arranged marriage. My sister has an arranged marriage. For whatever reason, it wasn't something that I was ready for.
NEIL DEGRASSE TYSON: Vandi dreamed of following a different path, inspired by her father, an air force pilot. Unlike her cautious mother, her dad encouraged her to take risks and seek adventure.
After high school, she took her first big step. She moved to the United States and studied engineering at Carnegie Mellon University. But that didn't stop Vandi's mother from trying to arrange a marriage for her.
VANDI VERMA: She would find people in Pittsburgh, when I lived there. I was amazed. And they would call me.
NEIL DEGRASSE TYSON: Vandi dodged her mom's suitors long enough to meet classmate, and fellow roboticist, Paul Tompkins.
PAUL TOMPKINS: Like Vandi, I've been in love with space for as long as I can remember.
NEIL DEGRASSE TYSON: In 2005, they decided to spend their lives together.
VANDI VERMA: We both love adventure.
NEIL DEGRASSE TYSON: They share a love for taking risks but not chances.
VANDI VERMA: It's very natural for me to take risk. At the same time, it's calculated risk.
PAUL TOMPKINS: So, she has the element of adventure on one side, but then she's smart about it, because she's not going to take a foolhardy risk.
NEIL DEGRASSE TYSON: She realized that this calculated risk mindset would also help navigate her new field.
VANDI VERMA: I discovered robotics when I was at Carnegie Mellon, and, instantly, I knew this was what I wanted to do. Robots are incredible for exploring space or any areas where it's hard to send humans, because we don't have to worry about survival, you know, food and water.
NEIL DEGRASSE TYSON: While getting her Ph.D., Vandi headed to the Atacama Desert in Chile, to hone her robot-driving skills in its Mars-like terrain.
VANDI VERMA: Atacama is a place where they measure rainfall in millimeters per decade. And that was a perfect place for us to take our robot and do an astrobiology experiment, to look for life.
My research focused on making sure that the robots could handle unanticipated situations.
NEIL DEGRASSE TYSON: This work caught the attention of NASA's Jet Propulsion Lab who offered her the chance to explore the surface of another planet, from a distance.
PAUL TOMPKINS: Really, the center of the world, when it comes to robotics, is at Jet Propulsion Laboratory.
NEIL DEGRASSE TYSON: So she headed to Pasadena, California, to join the Mars rover team and brought her motorcycle with her.
VANDI VERMA: Mostly, I use it as a commuting bike, to get from home to work, but I'd always take the longest path possible and the most swervy.
PAUL TOMPKINS: Her means of transport was another way to get a little adventure out of life.
NEIL DEGRASSE TYSON: As a rover driver, she pushes Spirit and Opportunity to get as much data as possible without breaking them.
VANDI VERMA: Safety's the biggest concern, but you can't be so risk-averse that you don't go anywhere.
We don't use a remote control to drive them, so we're not driving them in real time. We get, we get the conditions under which the robot is in today, use those, and plan a drive, and then we send it to the rover and the rover executes it on its own. And then, once it's complete, it sends us back the information.
JOHN CALLAS (Mars Rover Project Manager) We've personified these two vehicles. They're like our children. They have human characteristics: they're intrepid, they're accomplished, they're dutiful. And then they're so darn cute!
VANDI VERMA: There is no G.P.S. on Mars. You can't just say, "Hey," you know, "this is this location. Drive to that location." So, just moving the rovers, there's a certain amount of risk.
NEIL DEGRASSE TYSON: And there's little room for error when driving on another planet.
JOHN CALLAS: Mars is a very dangerous place. It has very little atmosphere, the temperatures are incredibly cold, there are huge changes in temperature every day. So these rovers have to endure that kind of environment. They are solar-powered. So if the rovers get too cold, or if they get starved for energy—which is just the same way a human being is starving—they could die.
NEIL DEGRASSE TYSON: Since some of the most interesting places are the hardest to get to, the rovers constantly face the danger of getting stuck. And the drivers brainstorm different ways to get them out and then try out these techniques in a replica of the surface of Mars, called the "sandbox."
VANDI VERMA: There isn't one obvious right way to think. You want to explore the options. So, the sandbox is a great way to do that, because you have one chance on Mars, but in the sandbox you can reset and say, "Well that didn't work, let's try a different strategy."
You may choose to drive forward, you may choose to try to do it with a slight turn, an uphill turn, or drive backwards, maybe wiggle the wheels, in order to loosen the terrain up. Once we figure out what solution works best, then we do it on Mars, with that one chance we have on Mars.
NEIL DEGRASSE TYSON: The J.P.L. team has avoided an end of mission since 2004. That's more than 25 times longer than the original plan. And this run has been key to the rover program's revolutionizing our knowledge of Mars.
VANDI VERMA: The rovers have detected signs of past water. We've detected minerals that show that there was water.
NEIL DEGRASSE TYSON: And since water is the elixir of life as we know it, these findings suggest fantastic possibilities.
JOHN CALLAS: What the rovers have found is that Mars, at one time, was much more like the earth than it is today. And this is very exciting and very intriguing, because if it was like the earth at a time when life started on the earth, did life start on Mars, or is there life there today?
VANDI VERMA: Whenever you see some sort of a discovery made by the rovers, you sort of feel like you helped them along. It is a little bit parental feeling that, hey, you know, I'm proud of that rover.
NEIL DEGRASSE TYSON: And like the rovers she drives, Vandi continues to create her own path and make new discoveries.
VANDI VERMA: When I was growing up, I always thought it would be really cool to work in space. And it just seemed so impossible, because everything that was going on at that time was halfway across the world. And now, when I do look back upon it, it is very amazing to think that wow, I am very fortunate to be able to live what I dreamt about.
How fast is the rover?
Pitted against a snail and a tortoise…
…let's see how fast they can run the 100 meter.
10 minutes later…
20 minutes later…
Yes, the tortoise won the 100m!
How did everyone do?
The snail: 2 hours, 4 minutes
The rover: 33 minutes, 20 seconds
The tortoise: 21 minutes, 56 seconds!
A new world champion!
NEIL DEGRASSE TYSON: And now for some final thoughts on space travel.
In the early days of the great ocean voyages, the explorers and shipmates were brave…or crazy. During their yearlong voyages, they risked, and often succumbed to, scurvy, dehydration, starvation, disease, pestilence, hostile natives and, of course, shipwreck.
These were the known challenges. Add some mysterious unknowns like: "Is Earth's edge just over the horizon?" Or "Do demons lurk there?" and you've got a voyage that few, if any of us, would ever take. Yet some humans embrace these risks, and our species owes them boundless gratitude.
With space as the next long-voyage frontier, another laundry-list of life threatening challenges await us: food spoilage, wayward space debris, loss of health in zero-G, psychological effects of isolation, and, once again, shipwreck.
Now, consider that, in 1950, the risk of asteroid fragments colliding with your spaceship was not only unknown, it was undreamt of. Same holds for the damage that solar flares pose to the D.N.A. of spacefarers.
Today, these are known unknowns: we know they're out there, and even though we won't always know when they'll strike, we can, in principle, protect against them.
But what's scarier than known unknowns are unknown unknowns: stuff we haven't thought of yet but would put an astronaut's health or life at risk, such as….
Ha! We haven't thought of it yet. That's why we call them unknown unknowns. And that's why, to explorers—today we call them astronauts)—the frontier will forever be "the home of the brave."
And that's the Cosmic Perspective.
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Life's complicating . I DON'T own most of these photos unless my tumblr URL is stated
I love photography ♥
Facebook Formspring
Photo Courtesy: weloveforever
(via geekidisco)
(Source: aquivouserfeliz)
Hi, this is my boyfriend <3
by fragile wings
This doesnt even need a caption. I think all girls know what this is..
Knew from the first gif.
this is so accurate
this is so fucking relevent
NIGHTNIGHT by DEDDY


text:
Definition of bombinate in English:
bombinateSyllabification: bom·bi·nate
Pronunciation: /ˈbämbəˌnāt /
verb[no object] literary
Buzz; hum: (as adjective bombinating) her head had become a bombinating vacuum
More example sentences
- Our dog has become good with horses; she tucks herself out of the way and lies down and doesn't bombinate around getting underfoot.
- It would help us to gauge the probability of finding life elsewhere instead of bombinating in a vacuum of data, caught between inevitability and uniqueness.
- He has bombinated about his career in the Big Leagues twice, in The Umpire Strikes Back and Strike Two.
late 19th century: from medieval Latin bombinat- 'buzzed', from the verb bombinare, from Latin bombus 'humming' (see bombard).
Definition of bombinate in:
- The British & World English dictionary
Get more from Oxford Dictionaries
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Word of the day demoralize
Pronunciation: dɪˈmɒrəlʌɪz
cause (someone) to lose confidence or hope


text:
iPhone & iPad
Apple Federal Credit Union
Version: 1.0.2
Category: Finance
Released: 2011-03-11
Size: 825.43K
Author: Apple Federal Credit Union
Rating: 4+
Hiway Federal Credit Union Mobile Banking App
Hiway Federal Credit Union's Mobile Banking lets you do your day-to-day banking ...
Mayo Employees Federal Credit Union Mobile App
***Mobile App by Mayo Employees Federal Credit Union*** The MEFCU Mobile App allows ...
Agriculture Federal Credit Union Mobile App
Take Agriculture FCU's Mobile App with you, wherever you are so you ...
Tower Federal Credit Union Mobile App
It's safe, convenient, fast and FREE. Tower members must sign up for ...
Pantex Federal Credit Union Mobile App
The Pantex FCU App is the secure mobile link to your money. ...
FREE Mobile App
No matter where you are, Apple's FREE Mobile App is the fast, easy way to stay connected to Apple FCU when you're on the go! With the Apple FCU Mobile App, you'll have immediate, secure NetBranch access to:
•Check account balances
•Review transaction history
•Transfer funds
•Search for ATM/branch
•And more!
Usernames, passwords and security prompts are the same as those used for NetBranch, so download the FREE app and get started today! Apple FCU Mobile Banking is encrypted using the Wireless Transport Layer Security (WTLS) protocol, which provides the highest level of security available today. Additionally, all data that passes between the wireless gateway and Apple's web servers is encrypted using Secure Socket Layer (SSL) technology.
It's convenient, FREE banking on the go!* To use Apple's Mobile App, you must be a NetBranch user AND have logged into the system and accepted the Terms and Conditions prior to accessing the app. Not a NetBranch user? Enroll online at AppleFCU.org, stop by any Apple branch or call 703-788-4800 to register today!
*Service for members of Apple Federal Credit Union only; membership requirements apply. Requires mobile Internet access from your cellular phone, PDA or other wireless device; airtime and carrier fees per your contract/plan may apply.
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FedChoice Federal Credit Union mobile app is safe, convenient, fast and FREE*. FEATURES - View account balances - View...
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Altura Credit Union Mobile Banking gives you 24/7 account access everywhere you go from your phone. It's almost like ha...
Princeton Federal Credit Union Mobile
Mobile banking allows you to complete financial transactions from the convenience of your mobile device: check balances,...
Copyright © 2010
. All rights reserved.


text:
Featured Topic: Homosexuality
What is the denomination's position?
The United Methodist Church affirms "that sexuality is God's good gift to all persons. We call everyone to responsible stewardship of this sacred gift." This affirmation is part of the denomination's Social Principles. The United Methodist Book of Discipline and Book of Resolutions describe the church's beliefs and teachings on sexuality. Read a backgrounder.
This section of UMC.org outlines information, resources, and headlines related to the topic of Human Sexuality. We invite you to learn more about the official position of the church.
If you have more questions on this topic, contact InfoServ and we will put you in touch with the appropriate church contact.
Personal Perspectives on Homosexuality and the Church
The topic can be challenging for people of faith. Read a variety of first-person reflections, meant to help us understand one another better.
Webcast: Conferencing on Human Sexuality
Leaders and theologians discussed human sexuality, our mission and United Methodist church law as part of a Connectional Table online conversation. View
Agreement resolves same-sex union complaint
A complaint against 36 pastors who officiated at a same-sex union has been resolved by agreement. Read More
Plea for Unity in The United Methodist Church
"Let us…meet this test as one church…even as we work through strong disagreements…about human sexuality," write the Revs. Laurie Hays Coffman and Paul T. Stallsworth. Read More
What schism?
Surveys across denominations show debates over issues such as same-sex marriage are seldom the cause of splits at the level of individual congregations. Read More
"What's a Pastor To Do?"
What should United Methodist clergy do with regard to same-gender marriages? Bishop Mike Coyner offers a response. Read More
Coverage Summary: Frank Schaefer Case
The United Methodist pastor was reinstated after being defrocked for officiating at his son's same-gender nuptials. Read More
Bishop Ken Carter: A Meditation on Accountability
There is significant conversation at the moment, in the secular media, in the church's media, and in the social media about schism, division and unity. Visit Site
Hamilton: Church homosexuality law needs 'local option'
A well-known United Methodist pastor and author looks for way to hold the denomination together amid tensions. Read More
Poll: Making disciples tops sexuality as church priority
A survey of United Methodists found sexual orientation and same-gender marriage ranked eighth in importance among issues facing the church. Read More
Updated: North Georgia clergy, laity take stand against schism
More than 580 have signed the covenant for unity, amid disagreements about homosexuality and other issues. Read More


text:
- swimwear
No Time to Change? Here's How To Wear a Cover-Up Off the Beach
Whether you prefer a caftan or slipdress, there's a way to take it straight from lazing in the sand to a casual dinner out.
Peasant-Style Sundresses
Most peasant-style sundresses intended to throw over swimwear are short even by petite standards; so unless you are under five feet tall, it's better to wear them with flats. Stick with non-flip-flop footwear, toss on some colorful jewelry and you'll look instantly polished—even if your bikini straps are showing.
More on Luckymag.com:
More on Luckymag.com:
- Seven Not-Your-Mother's-Caftan Ways to Cover Up at the Beach
- Five Easy and Extraordinary Outfits For Your Next Beach Wedding
- Lucky's Ultimate Beach Checklist: 10 Shoreside Essentials
- 15 Cute Beach Towels Totally Worth Buying
- Bird's Jen Mankins On How to Pack a Perfect Beach Bag
Keep up with the Lucky team on Twitter: Follow @LuckyMagazine
- swimwear
- swimwear


text:
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TIL that John D. Rockefeller's net worth, translated into today's dollars, would be up to $663 billion, or almost 10x the worth of today's richest man (en.wikipedia.org)
submitted 1 year ago by Yantu
view the rest of the comments →
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Where's the list to sign up for this job?
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text:
Slide to see Matthew & SJP, Kelly & Mark and more couples who have stood the test of time
Credit: Cindy Ord/Getty
Updated: Friday Oct 05, 2012 | 06:00 AM EDT
More from PEOPLE
See More News
11 of 16
How does PEOPLE's 2008 Sexiest Man Alive, 43, keep the spark alive with wife Deborra, 56, after 16 years of marriage? Going to the movies and skinny-dipping, of course. For the couple – who has two children together – "the romance is always hot and alive," Jackman told PEOPLE.
Copyright © 2014 Time Inc. All rights reserved. Reproduction in whole or in part without permission is prohibited.


text:
Holidays & December Closure: Campus is closed
Dec. 24-Jan. 1
Campus offices are closed and buildings are locked (including the library) for security and energy conservation.
The University will be closed in observance of WSU Holidays on December 24, 25, 2013, and on January 1, 2014. In addition, the University will be open for essential operations only, on December 26, 27, 30, and 31, 2013.
The December Closure calendar through 2015 can be accessed at: http://hrs.wsu.edu/December+Closure+Schedule
Essential operations include designated business offices as well as public service operations. Employees not deemed as part of essential operations are to account for the closure dates with appropriate accrued leave, personal holiday and/or leave without pay.
As a reminder, new hires whose effective hire date is between June and December 2013 may not have leave accruals to cover the closure period. Please be sure to alert your new hires to the closure and how it may impact them.
Specific information can be found at: http://hrs.wsu.edu/December%20Closure
FAQs: http://hrs.wsu.edu/File/FAQs%20December%20Closure.pdf
Please contact HRS if you have questions regarding the December Closure.
(HRS & Marketing, 5/6/13)


text:
A Bollywood blockbuster filmed in Leicester is due to open in the city tomorrow.
Action comedy Yamla Pagla Deewana 2 (Mad Madder Maddest 2) features stars Sunny and Bobby Deol, alongside their father, Dharmendra.
It will be shown at the Odeon, in Freemens Park, after a premiere in India this week.
Director Sangeeth Sivan used hundreds of students from the University of Leicester as extras, alongside scores more who applied for a part in the film following an appeal in the Mercury. Dancers Nimisha Patel, 23, and her boyfriend Durgesh Makwana, 25, were two of the 700-strong support cast.
They run DNS Productions dance troupe and took 10 of their dancers to the shoot in September.
Nimisha, from Hamilton, Leicester, said: I can't wait to see the film. I'm very excited.
We're taking our dance troupe to see the film this weekend.
University spokesman Ather Mirza said: It is an inspiration for our students to work with stars of the calibre of Dharmendra, Sunny and Bobby. As a film industry dynasty, they are tremendously well- respected and well-known. The film also features Anupam Ker, who starred alongside Leicester's Parminder Nagra in Bend it like Beckham.
Scenes were filmed in Belgrave Road and MacDonald Road, at New Walk Museum and the National Space Centre.
In the county, a lavish wedding scene was filmed at Stanford Hall.
Ker, who plays a comedy villain, tweeted a photo of himself at the National Space Centre, where he spent the night filming.
He wrote: What an amazing place to be in. Educative and entertaining.
The university's David Wilson Library, Charles Wilson Building, botanical gardens and The Knoll student hall of residence also appear.
Sunny Deol plays a mature student at the university.
Mr Deol, 56, whose wife is from Rutland and whose children were born in Leicester, said: We have been made to feel very welcome.
The scenes shot at the University of Leicester are an integral part of the film. It's a beautiful location for what will be a fabulous family film.
Dharmendra, 77, who has performed in 275 Indian films, said: Leicester is such a lovely location and we were very pleased to be able to film here.
Leicester has been used as a backdrop in previous Bollywood films.
Raakh (Ashes) was filmed in the city in 2004 and Is Pyaar Ko Kya Naam Doo (What Name Shall I Call Our Love) in 2001. Are you going to see to Mad, Madder, Maddest 2 this weekend? Send in a 150-word review of the film and we'll print as many as we can in the paper or online. E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com
MAD MADDER MADDEST 2 TO WATCH THE OFFICIAL TRAILER GO TO... leicestermercury.co.uk
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Bollywood film shot in the city opens tomorrow ; MAD MADDER MADDEST 2: COMEDY FILMED IN FAMILIAR LOCATIONS
A Bollywood blockbuster filmed in Leicester is due to open in the city tomorrow.
For more stories covering arts and entertainment, please see HispanicBusiness' Arts & Entertainment Channel


text:
|02 Jul 2012
Home Basic 32bit.
Updated to Windows 7 , programms and files installing on D:recovery?
Okay, so i updated to windows home basic 32 bit
and now my user accounts and my files are all stored on recovery d drive how do i fix this i dont have any room on my D drive and have alot of room on my C drive how do i make my c my default?
I tried changing desktop and files with regedit but it didnt work!
Also the little windows logo is on my D drive not my C
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text:
Game companies • EA BioWare • Articles
BioWare develops high quality console, PC and online role-playing games, focused on rich stories, unforgettable characters and vast worlds to discover.
Since 1995, BioWare has created some of the world's most critically acclaimed titles, including Baldur's Gate™, Neverwinter Nights™, Star Wars®: Knights of the Old Republic™, Jade Empire™, Mass Effect™ and Dragon Age™.
BioWare operates in Edmonton (Alberta, Canada), Montreal (Quebec), Austin (Texas), Fairfax (Virginia) and Galway (Ireland). In 2008, BioWare was acquired by Electronic Arts, a leading global interactive entertainment publisher.
Currently announced projects at BioWare include the development of ongoing downloadable content for Mass Effect 2, one of the highest rated video games of all time, Dragon Age 2, the highly anticipated sequel to 2009's 'RPG of the Year' Dragon Age: Origins, and the story-driven massively multiplayer online game, Star Wars®: The Old Republic™.
Saturday Soapbox: Failure is Not an Option
The consequences of not having enough consequences.
Opinion 19/11/2011 39
BioWare Drs on Jade Empire comeback
"Looking for the right way to deploy it."
News 24/09/2011 27
BioWare wants Liara statue feedback
Busty figurine proving divisive.
News 06/09/2011 87
Mass Effect Liara T'Soni statue
Screenshots 06/09/2011 1
Saturday Soapbox: Careful What You Choose
Are choice-and-consequence systems making our games less interactive?
Opinion 27/08/2011 37
BioWare: 18% play Mass Effect FemShep
"Aren't enough female heroes in games."
News 20/07/2011 60
Mass Effect 3 box has lady Shepard
'FemShep' a cover girl at last.
News 17/06/2011 54
Mass Effect 2: Genesis hits Xbox 360
Previously PS3-exclusive comic expands.
News 17/05/2011 30
Did BioWare work on Jade Empire 2?
That's what a former employee claims.
News 13/04/2011 23
Mass Effect anime film for summer 2012
Will fans of Shepard flock to see it?
News 07/04/2011 44
New Mass Effect novel announced
Deception due out later this year.
News 05/04/2011 20
Buy Dragon Age II, get ME2 free
BioWare says thanks for 1 million sales.
News 05/04/2011 47
Mass Effect 2: Arrival
Don't fear the Reapers.
Review 30/03/2011 110
Mass Effect 2 Arrival DLC trailer
Final add-on available today.
Video 29/03/2011 27
Mass Effect 2 Arrival DLC date confirmed
Don't fear The Reapers.
News 18/03/2011 27
Mass Effect 2 Arrival DLC date outed?
Plus, BioWare shows new screens.
News 17/03/2011 21
Mass Effect 2 Arrival DLC screens
Screenshots 17/03/2011 0
Gaming BAFTA winners revealed
Mass Effect 2 takes top honours.
News 16/03/2011 36
Mass Effect 2: Arrival DLC screenshot
First look at the game-bridging expansion.
Screenshots 15/03/2011 8
Jade Empire "could make a comeback"
Its "awesome" fans want a sequel - BioWare.
News 14/03/2011 45
EA happy with Mass Effect 2 PS3 sales
Did "very well" with digital experiment.
News 08/03/2011 45
Mass Effect 2 Arrival DLC spotted again
Inside the Dragon Age 2 box.
News 04/03/2011 35
Mass Effect 2 Arrival DLC outed
How the Reapers found Earth?
News 22/02/2011 33
Mass Effect 2 Arrival DLC
Screenshots 22/02/2011 1
Mass Effect 2 is AIAS game of the year
But game Oscars dominated by Red Dead.
News 11/02/2011 28
BAFTA GAME Award shortlist revealed
Vote for your top title of 2010.
News 10/02/2011 45
Clint Mansell making Mass Effect 3 music
BioWare hires Aronofsky's favourite.
News 10/02/2011 67
Jade Empire
Safety First
Reader Review 03/02/2011 5
Mass Effect 2 PS3 save bug patched
BioWare delivering "ASAP" to Sony.
News 27/01/2011 16
Pageof 13


text:
unchanged, to generate an always-changing set of similar system states (Pahl-Wostl, 1995). (Seasonal patterns, for example, are an obvious and easy pattern to discern.) It follows that destruction or erosion of long-term constraining variables, such as, habitat, trophic structure, and behavioral factors such as a learned migration pattern, would be expected to change the set of possible system states so that it includes states unlike those experienced previously and, consequently, reduces the ability to perceive patterns and learn.11
In his book, Emergence, Holland (1998) describes the learning process a computer12 (and presumably humans) must go through to learn the game of checkers. He describes checkers as a very simple example of a complex adaptive system. Checkers has a limited number of pieces subject to a very few rules of movement, and its slow variables (the rules of the game, the size of the board, the kinds of pieces) are comfortably constant. Yet checkers is very difficult to predict and yields an immense number of possible board states. After only the first few moves of a game, it is unlikely that even an experienced player will encounter board configurations identical to those he's seen before. The state of the "system"—the configuration of the board—is nearly always novel, but patterns of configurations more or less similar to those experienced previously are likely. The train of causation in the system is not stable, varying with each configuration of the board. Feedback about one's interventions in the system is rarely clear. A "good" move can only be interpreted as such after the game has ended; it is entirely possible that a "double jump" might have led to the loss of a game or that a "poor" move might have set up a winning sequence. Looking ahead to try to predict the outcome of one among a set of alternative moves is an exercise that can yield only an ambiguous answer. So how do we learn to play checkers? Or in our case, how do we learn about the impact of human actions in the ecosystem?
As mentioned earlier, the fundamental basis for learning and prediction in this kind of environment is the recognition of patterns. Because of the multiplicity and novelty of board configurations, and especially because of the adaptive behavior of one's opponent, outcomes from any given decision cannot be expected to be the mean of outcomes of past similar situations. The adaptive behavior of the player's opponent introduces a strong tendency for surprise and unintended results, especially for a player with a naïve statistical strategy.
Holland (1998) describes a number of measures that help the player assess and evaluate the current configuration of the board (for example, simple measures such as "pieces ahead," "kings ahead," and "net penetration beyond center line"). The same set of measures can be used to assess the likely outcome of alternative moves the player faces. In other words, the player can think through the possible board configurations—two, three, or more moves ahead—that might arise from each alternative move. Conservative and generally more successful assessments assume the other player knows at least as much about the game as the player making the assessment. A kind of worst case precautionary principle


text: Zodiacus - ill see what I can do about the motto. Mike - it was purely a artistic thing. And my 5 children would argue that I very little free time... of course argue is the operative word there. Estrill - well it was originally red. I am a artist not a herald, at least not in the past 17 years, But I was sacrificing visuals for more heraldically correct piece. Emma - "barrel Helm Or with a cross flory visor" you guys go ahead and talk above me Ill sit here and scratch for a while. Seriously I have no idea what a "flory visor" or "crowns types" are. I just did one that was cool. I am always uncertain if I am dexter and sinister cheeks environing my head. Lol. Chiara agrees with me :P I win! Also Emma help me on this piece.... more than she can appreciate <cheer>!!! The Star - I can make the supporters as big as the shield made them smaller to lessen their visual weight. I will lessen the shadow effects everything has a shadow to lend a more 3d look. the crown.... That all Emma not me :) 1) The black star at the top is not consistent with the marvelous beauty of the rest of the image. Not quite sure what you mean... :( ....And a revision toward mine--> emma's feather not mine. 3) I have to agree with Emma on the heraldic commentary. And just an aside, I know that you have your moniker on there to mark it as your work but you are using Emma's shield art down to the pixel. You may want to alter the art or the mark a bit. Yes I did and I told her that we had to figure out how we would do this. 4) That is not our heraldic Crown, way too ... hmm .. buttery and Chiffon. Well you flew by me at mach speed I don't know what you mean. Color? Or something else. Please remember that you will still need to have a simpler one downloadable so that the general populace that wants to make needle arts or fabric arts with the image can still work with it. Emma said she uses a creative commons license on her stuff.... I pretty much took her thing and did some stylization on it.... kinda. I can't speak for her and her work but I think she is willing to share. If this will not work I'll have to re-create it. 72 dpi isn't very printer friendly. Thanks for the comments thus far. Garreth.