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|Feature Articles
The number of membrane-based rapid immunochromatographic devices on the market is continuing to increase at a very quick pace. Major factors that are contributing to this growth include improvements in conjugate technology and a growing understanding among product developers of the general design principles involved.
Although today's immunochromatographic devices come in a wide variety of designs with a diverse assortment of housings, most commercially available tests are based on one of two simple formats. The most common format is the lateral-flow or dipstick design, which has become familiar through its use in physician-office assays as well as in over-the-counter tests (e.g., Unipath's Clear Blue pregnancy test). A less widespread format is the flow-through or transverse-flow design, which requires greater operator skill and is therefore usually restricted to professional use (e.g., Medmira's rapid HIV screen).
Figure 1. Achieving a crisp, clear test result, such as in the samples shown here, depends on correct binding of the capture reagent to the membrane.
Regardless of the format being used, achieving a sensitive and reproducible test requires the manufacturer to have an efficient procedure for applying the capture-line reagent. Companies involved in the rapid diagnostic industry have been active in publishing information about how to optimize capture-line application.1–5 This article offers further aid to product developers, discussing the basic principles involved in applying protein capture lines to nitrocellulose membranes, and highlighting some of the common problems that can be encountered during the development of an immunochromatographic assay. Because the problems associated with protein binding are more prevalent in lateral-flow assays, this article will focus especially on issues relating to such systems.
The Importance of Protein Binding
In immunochromatographic assays, the primary function of a protein applied to a membrane is to act as a capture reagent for the target analyte in a sample. Because the test result is totally dependent upon achieving a good binding of the capture reagent to the membrane, the importance of achieving a high and consistent level of protein binding cannot be overstressed (see Figure 1).
Despite the considerable amount of research that has been conducted since nitrocellulose was first used as a protein-binding membrane, the exact mechanism of that binding remains unknown.6 It is known that a number of forces are at work—specifically, hydrophobic interactions, hydrogen bonding, and electrostatic interactions—but a clear understanding of the exact effect and significance of each force has remained elusive. Two reasonable models have been proposed. The first model suggests that proteins are initially attracted to a membrane surface by electrostatic interaction, while long-term attachment is accomplished by a combination of hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions. Although extremely difficult to prove, this model of the interaction fits the published experimental data and is often the accepted mode of interaction.1, 7–11
Figure 2. Problems with protein binding are typically visible in the capture line of an assay's test result, as in these examples.
A second model suggests that the initial attachment of the protein is caused by hydrophobic interactions, with long-term binding accomplished by electrostatic forces. This model also agrees with much of the published data. However, the electrostatic partition mechanism may not provide a full explanation for the long-term stability conferred on protein attachment by drying or the use of an alcohol fixation step.3,6
Whatever the balance of forces responsible for protein binding, it is widely agreed that product developers should consider all such forces when they are seeking to optimize the binding of proteins to a particular membrane. Such considerations will inevitably have implications for both the selection of materials to be used, and the ways that they will be processed. For instance, if the product developer selects a buffer that too greatly reduces either hydrophobic or electrostatic interactions, the level of protein binding could be dramatically reduced. Similarly, it is widely recognized that adequate drying of the membrane after protein application is an important practice for ensuring the long-term stability of the protein–membrane bond.1–4, 6
Figure 3. A weak capture line indicates that the amount of protein bound to the membrane is too low.
The manufacturer's selection of materials can have an effect on the binding of proteins to nitrocellulose membranes. Materials that interfere with protein binding can be divided into three general types: nonspecific proteins, materials that interfere with electrostatic interactions, and materials that interfere with hydrophobic interactions. Commonly used materials that reduce protein attachment include those that compete for binding sites, such as the classic bulking proteins (e.g., BSA, animal sera), as well as those that interfere with hydrogen bonding (e.g., formamide, urea) and those that interfere with hydrophobic bonding (e.g., Tween, Triton, or Brij). Man-made polymers such as polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyethylene glycol (PEG), and polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) can also interfere with protein binding. Their mode of action may be a combination of effects that inhibit one or more of the forces essential to protein–membrane binding.
If an insufficient amount of protein binds to the membrane, or if the protein does not bond to the membrane with the necessary strength, some significant problems can arise. These problems are typically visible in the capture line of an assay's test result (see Figure 2). If the amount of protein bound to the membrane is too low, the resulting capture line will be weak and test sensitivity will be reduced (see Figure 3). If binding is inefficient, the protein can diffuse before finally becoming immobilized on the membrane. The resulting capture line will be broad and weak instead of crisp and clear, making test results difficult to interpret. In extreme cases where the physical attachment of the protein to the membrane is too weak, the passage of analyte proteins and surfactant solutions can actually wash capture reagents off the membrane. In such cases the assay will display a broad line—or no clear line at all—again making it difficult to interpret the test results (see Figure 4).
Figure 4. A diffuse capture line can result when the capture reagent is washed away by the passage of analyte proteins and surfactant solutions.
Problems such as these are regularly seen by product developers in the IVD industry, and can significantly slow the development of a successful immunochromatographic assay. To understand how to go about resolving such problems, developers should first have a firm grasp on the various factors that can influence protein–membrane binding, including those inherent in the materials and processing used for their tests. These elements will be discussed in the first installment of this article. Typical techniques for solving such problems will be given in the second installment, which will appear in a future issue of IVD Technology.
Factors That Influence Protein Binding
When investigating the binding of protein capture reagents to nitrocellulose membranes, product developers should consider each of the following five critical areas that can have an effect on the binding mechanism.
Although many development labs do a good job of studying and characterizing the application buffers and membranes used in their tests, they are less likely to fully investigate or optimize the capture reagents and application systems they employ. Such an omission is often due to the fact that the latter elements are frequently considered set even before the beginning of the development process, leaving little opportunity for changes to be made. With those factors out of consideration, product developers often have no choice but to focus on optimizing the other elements that are still within their discretion.
Capture Reagents. The proteins used as capture reagents vary from test to test. However subtle their differences, no single capture reagent is absolutely identical to another. Perhaps more important, different proteins exhibit varying levels of attachment to different membranes (see Figure 5).5 The process of optimizing binding is most straightforward with a monoclonal antibody, where the protein is a homogeneous material. Optimization is more difficult in the case of polyclonal antibodies because there are a variety of epitopes present, and ideally each requires slightly different binding conditions. Species such as IgA or IgM can present an even greater challenge because of the potential for structural or steric problems. Other proteins such as BSA, protein A, or protein G can cause significant difficulties due either to their chemistry or their size (large molecules are more likely to remain attached to a solid phase than smaller ones).
Application Equipment. Although systems used to apply capture reagents can also present problems, most commercially available equipment has both advantages and disadvantages. Variables can include the ability or inability to dispense measured volumes; capacity to handle strips, sheets, or membranes; speed of application; and postapplication handling of strips. The best solution is for the manufacturer to find an application system that satisfies the most significant practical issues, such as raw material limitations and system capacity. Other factors can then be optimized for that particular application system.
Figure 5. Comparative binding of IgG and albumin to a range of nitrocellulose membranes from different manufacturers. To replicate actual test conditions, data were generated using a flow-through system where the sample was applied to the membrane surface and pulled through the membrane by vacuum.16 Although the more common test method is to incubate the membrane with the protein solution, that method permits protein molecules to stack up within the pores of the membrane, resulting in the formation of a protein multilayer instead of a protein monolayer.1 The traditional test method thus results in artificially high levels of protein binding that are unrepresentative of actual use in rapid immunochromatographic tests.
Ambient Humidity. The humidity at the time that the capture line is applied can have a significant effect on the quality of the line, especially when spray systems are used. If atmospheric humidity is low a static charge can collect on the membrane, which can result in satellite spots when the protein is sprayed onto the membrane surface. Low humidity can also cause the development of hydrophobic patches on the membrane surface. By contrast, extremely high humidity can result in very rapid wicking of the applied protein, causing wide or diffuse capture lines. In general, the optimal humidity in which to apply proteins is between 45 and 65% RH. To ensure even properties throughout the feedstock, the membrane should be allowed to equilibrate with the atmosphere before application. The optimal equilibration time should be determined by experimental investigation.
Optimizing the Application Buffer
Because protein capture reagents vary, maximizing the binding of a given protein may also require buffer conditions that differ from those appropriate to another protein. There are two important factors that need to be optimized through modifications to the application buffer.
To ensure that sufficient protein is available in the applied capture line, it is first essential that the capture protein be soluble in the application buffer. In order to confer enough solubility to enable the protein to be dissolved, it is necessary to have some ions present in the application buffer. Although the ionic strength of the buffer can help to control the pH of the capture reagent, it also interferes with electrostatic interactions essential to protein binding. It is therefore important to determine the lowest possible ion level for the buffer that will result in a sufficient concentration of capture protein in solution.
If the molecules of a given protein concentration are stable in solution, they will tend to remain so. But if it is energetically favorable for the protein to partition onto the solid phase, then a greater proportion of protein will attach than if the protein is stable in solution. Such an energy state can be induced through the use of destabilizing or coprecipitating agents. However, too much correction in this direction can cause other problems. If the protein precipitates before it can be applied to the membrane, for instance, the entire system will become highly unstable and almost totally irreproducible. The amount of dissolved protein remaining for attachment to the membrane will thus be dramatically reduced. Precipitates may also cause problems by blocking the application equipment or clogging the pores of the membrane. There are some cases in which obtaining a reasonable level of binding may make it necessary to cause the protein to precipitate during application, but these are exceptions to the general rule.
As the above analysis suggests, protein binding can be altered by adjusting the properties of the application buffer (see Figure 6). Key properties that can be usefully modified include the buffer's ionic strength and acidity, and the level of coprecipitating agents employed.
Ionic Strength. Within a defined range of ionic strength, the solubility of a typical protein increases in direct proportion to the salt content of the application buffer. Because it is desirable to minimize the molecular stability of a capture protein in solution, the ionic strength of the solution should be kept as low as possible. Doing so will increase the speed of protein binding. Developers should also be aware that high salt concentrations can cause precipitation of proteins, and that the presence of large quantities of salt during drying can interfere with the sensitivity and stability of the test.
Acidity. The pH level of an application buffer can have a significant effect on its properties. The solubility of a typical protein is at its minimum at its isoelectric point. Since developers are aiming to minimize the molecular stability of the capture protein in solution, the ideal pH of the application buffer should therefore be at about the isoelectric point of the capture protein being used.
Coprecipitating Agents. When modifying an application buffer, developers may choose to add a destabilizing or coprecipitating agent in order to reduce the stability of the protein molecules in solution. The action of such coprecipitating agents relies on the differing stability that the fc and f(ab) regions of the IgG molecule have toward the agents used.11 The structure of the fc region is far more likely to be degraded by the action of coprecipitating agents. Partial destabilization of the fc regions leads to the exposure of more-hydrophobic groups that are normally hidden within the protein structure. Thus, regardless of which mechanism is accepted for the binding of proteins to nitrocellulose, the increase in protein hydrophobicity resulting from the use of such coprecipitating agents will improve protein binding.
Figure 6. Varied results from capture lines of 1mg/ml mouse IgG applied using different buffers: (a) 10 mmol phosphate, pH 7.2; (b) 10 mmol phosphate + 3% methanol, pH 7.2; (c) 10 mmol phosphate + 150 mmol NaCl + 3% methanol, pH 7.2; (d) 50 mmol phosphate + 150 mmol NaCl + 1% BSA, pH 7.2; (e) 50 mmol phosphate + 150 mmol NaCl, pH 7.2; (f) 50 mmol phosphate + 150 mmol NaCl, pH 6.0. All samples were detected by a 40 nmol gold-conjugated goat antimouse IgG antibody.
The most commonly used coprecipitating agent is alcohol, which can be recommended for a number of reasons. The presence of alcohol helps to rewet the membrane, reduces any static charge it may have, and has a destabilizing effect on the protein in solution. Levels of between 3 and 5% methanol can give considerable improvement in the performance of a membrane used for an immunoassay.3
The use of alcohol to improve protein binding to a solid phase has been known for several years in the production of ELISA plates, and is now regarded as a standard protocol.11,12 The influence of aliphatic alcohols on binding in nitrocellulose membranes was first reported in 1980, while a 1% isopropanol solution is widely used as a fixing solution in protein blotting experiments.6,13
Although other materials such as diethylaminoethyl or ammonium sulfate can sometimes have beneficial effects when used as coprecipitating agents, they are generally less desirable than alcohol. Even small variations in the concentration of these types of materials can have severe effects on the degree of protein precipitation. For this reason, precipitating agents other than alcohols should generally not be used.
Considering the points outlined above, a buffer comprised of 10 mmol phosphate +3% methanol pH 7 is suggested for initial development studies. Although such a buffer will not prove optimal for all applications, it offers a very good starting point for the development process.
Membrane Effects
The membrane itself has a significant effect on the protein binding observed in a rapid assay, with three key factors affecting membrane performance:
Because of the wide range of potential capture reagents, no single membrane will work optimally for every assay. The level of protein binding can vary dramatically among different types of membranes (see Figure 5). Unfortunately, this means that product developers must reinvestigate and optimize their membrane selection for each assay they develop. However, the potential improvement in test performance and assay reproducibility is sufficient compensation for the additional work involved.
Pore Size. Developers of lateral-flow immunoassays should treat supplier references to pore size with caution. The actual pore size of a membrane depends on the method used to measure it, and since different manufacturers use different measuring techniques, any two membranes with the same nominal pore size could differ significantly if measured by a constant technique (see Figure 7).
Figure 7. Pore size data for nitrocellulose membranes based on data from a Coulter porometer.
Pore sizes are usually measured in the filtration direction, that is, through thickness of the membrane. But the size and shape of pores in the filtration direction may have no relation to the size and shape of pores in the lateral direction (that is, along the length of the membrane). For a lateral-flow assay therefore, the conventional method of quoting pore size is not really relevant. Moreover, if a plastic cast membrane is used, measuring pore size in the filtration direction is physically impossible because of the presence of the film backing. In such cases, the pore sizes quoted by suppliers are often no better than best estimates based on lateral wicking data.
Product developers can use nominal pore size—cautiously—to differentiate membranes from a single manufacturer. But it is not recommended that such information be used to specify pore size for membranes from another manufacturer. Nominal pore size generally has no standard meaning in terms of protein binding, particularly for lateral-flow assays, and developers are better advised to screen a range of membranes when they begin the development of a new assay.
Although nominal pore size has little real importance, the lateral pore size and structure of a membrane does have a significant effect on its suitability for use in lateral-flow assays. Within any range of nitrocellulose membranes, as pore size decreases the protein binding capacity of the membrane increases because of the related increase in available membrane surface area.1 The approximate surface area for membranes of different pore sizes can be estimated by looking at the surface area ratio (SAR) for each material.3 The SAR represents the ratio of actual available surface in the pores of the membrane to the area of membrane used (see Table I).14 Another phenomenon of importance is that as a membrane's pore size decreases, the lateral wicking rate of the membrane also decreases (see Table II).15 A slower wicking rate increases the effective sensitivity of a test because it permits reagents to spend a longer time in the capture zone.
Figure 8. Water present during the application of posttreatments can make sections of the membrane hydrophobic, resulting in striations or intensity variations in the capture line.
The combined effect of these two phenomena is that greater relative sensitivity is achievable by using membranes with a smaller pore size. Thus, as a general guideline, a developer who is most concerned with the ultimate sensitivity of an assay should select a membrane with the smallest possible pore size; while a developer who is primarily concerned with the wicking speed of an assay should select a membrane with a larger pore size. Whatever their needs, developers can best find the optimal membrane for their tests by evaluating a variety of possibilities during the early stages of product development.
Posttreatments. Following manufacture, nitrocellulose membranes routinely receive posttreatment to remove dust (unincorporated polymer left on the surface of the membrane after manufacture) or to modify their rewetting characteristics. In either case, there is the possibility that such posttreatment may introduce trace chemicals or other substances that are not nitrocellulose, and that may have an effect on the performance of the finished test device.
In general terms, the manufacturer should always know what additional substances may be present in the membrane, in what concentration they are present, and how to measure their levels. Depending on what additional materials are present, significant effects may be observed in the level of protein binding, the flow rate of the membrane, and in the effects of aging on the membrane.
1. MA Harvey, Optimization of Nitrocellulose Membranes Based Immunoassays (Keene, NH: Schleicher & Schuell, 1991).
2. Guide to Building Molecular and Immunodiagnostic Device Platforms (Keene, NH: Schleicher & Schuell, 1997).
3. Short Guide for Developing Immunochromatographic Test Strips (Bedford, MA: Millipore Corp., 1996).
4. KD Jones, Technical Application Notes, No. 1–3 (Maidstone, UK: Whatman International, 1997–1998).
5. The Latex Course, 1994 (Fishers, IN: Bangs Laboratories, 1994).
6. E Harlow and D Lane, Antibodies: A Laboratory Manual (Cold Spring Harbor, NY: PUBLISHER NAME TK, 1988).
7. C Wallis, JL Melnick, and CP Gerba, "Concentration of Viruses from Water by Membrane Chromatography," Annual Review of Microbiology 33 (1979): 413–437.
8. WG Presswood, Membrane Filtration: Applications and Problems, (New York: Marcel Dekker, 1981).
9. SR Farrah, DO Shah, and LO Ingram, "ARTICLE TITLE TK," Proceedings of the National Academy of Science USA VOLUME NUMBER TK (1978): 1229–1236.
10. B Batteiger, V Newhall, and RB Jones, "The Use of Tween 20 as a Blocking Agent in the Immunological Detection of Proteins Transferred to Nitrocellulose Membranes," Journal of Immunology Methods 55 (1982): 297–307.
11. P Tijssen, Practice and Theory of Immunoassays, 8th ed, (Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1993).
12. HC Wood and TG Wreghitt, "Techniques," in ELISA in the Clinical Microbiological Laboratory, ed TG Wreghitt and P Morgan-Capner (London: PHLS, 1990), pp 6–21.
13. Z Schneider, "Aliphatic Alcohols Improve the Adsorptive Performance of Cellulose Nitrate Membranes—Application in Chromatography and Enzyme Assays," Annals of Biochemistry 108 (1980): 96–103.
14. R Bowen, private communication with author, Swansea, UK, DATE TK.
15. Technical Data: Nitrocellulose Membranes (Maidstone, UK: Whatman International, 1996).
16. KD Jones and AK Hopkins, "Protein Binding in Nitrocellulose Membranes 0.2 to 12 µm: A Comparison of Commercially Available Membranes for a Novel Flow-Through Immunoassay," poster no. 21, presented at the 1998 Annual Meeting of the American Association for Clinical Chemistry, Chicago, August 2–6, 1998.
17. Unpublished results (Maidstone, UK: Whatman International, YEAR TK).
18. AM Campbell, Monoclonal Antibody and Immunosensor Technology (Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1992).
19. KD Jones and AK Hopkins, "Evaluation of the Efficiency of a Range of Membrane Blocking Agents for Nitrocellulose Membrane Based In Vitro Diagnostic Devices," poster no. 3, presented at the 1998 Annual Meeting of the American Association for Clinical Chemistry, Chicago, August 2–6, 1998.


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Hillsborough woman arrested in crash that injures 3-year-old
Updated On: Sep 25 2013 11:59:00 PM EDT
A woman was charged with driving under the influence Wednesday after she hit a 3-year-old boy outside his day care in Hillsborough, police said.
Click here to view News 9's report
Officers said the car came up on a sidewalk and struck the little boy, who was taken to Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center with serious injuries.
The boy was leaving the Hillsborough Child Development Center on School Street at about 3:15 p.m., holding his mother's hand. Just as they stepped on to the sidewalk, a car veered in their direction and hit the boy, pulling him right out of his mother's grasp.
Police said the mother was not hit, but the boy was taken at first to Concord Hospital and then to Dartmouth-Hitchcock. A police officer was a few blocks away when the accident happened and heard yelling.
"The officer was actually on Myrtle Street, clearing a traffic stop when he heard the commotion and screaming and he went to investigate," said Sgt. Nicholas Hodgen of the Hillsborough Police Department.
The officer jumped in and summoned extra help within seconds, police said.
Police said 24-year-old Katlynn Hollinsworth of Hillsborough was impaired behind the wheel. Investigators did not say what type of impairment they suspected. She was arrested immediately.
Hollinsworth is due in court Thursday.
Copyright 2013 by WMUR.com. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.

subset: commoncrawl


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Jesse James Claims Ex-Wife is Bigger Mess Than Heby Free Britney at . Comments
Poor Sunny James.
The six-year-old girl recently lost her de facto mother, Sandra Bullock, after Jesse James cheated on the Oscar winner with nasty Michelle McGee and her ilk.
Now Sunny is the subject of a custody war between James and her mom (his porn star ex Janine Lindemulder), with both claiming that the other is a threat.
Last week, Lindemulder, who just got out of jail and is seeking 50-50 custody of Sunny, termed James a master con-artist who does anything to get his way.
She also says he is moving closer to Sandra in Texas, in part to get away from her, since Janine can't leave the state, obviously. But now he is hitting back.
In legal papers, Jesse paints Lindemulder as an unfit mother, to put it lightly, claiming that she was once drugged out of her mind with Sunny in the car.
Jesse James was married to Janine Lindemulder pre-Sandra Bullock.
Jesse's sister, Julie James England, swears that two years ago, she got a call from Janine, "slurring her words, telling me she's letting my niece, Sunny drive."
Janine said she was on "some numbing drugs her neighbors gave her from Mexico and she drank tequila" and she and Sunny were "going to get munchies."
Julie claims she sent a friend to Janine's house, who found Janine "passed out in her car in the garage with Sunny." That's extremely disturbing if it's true.
Sgt. Mark T. England, Jesse's brother-in-law and a medic in the Army, also says Janine once asked if he could score her narcotics - Vicodin, Ambien, etc.
England also says he saw Janine perform at a strip club in the past and do lines of cocaine before going on stage. What he was doing there is another story.
In any case, Jesse claims he can provide Sunny with a stable environment, and despite Janine's claims of turning over a new leaf, she poses a very high risk.
A hearing on Lindemulder suing James for custody is set for June 17.
Why is anybody even listening to Janine? These affairs should be left to the courts and keep it out of the tabloids. What they do is their business--why does everybody think they know what goes on in these people's private lives? I do not blame Jesse James for wanting to get out of LA--the stalking of Jesse James kids and reporting of everyone who has any words truth or fiction about him is riciculous and getting old.
Both of the parents are a bunch of RETARDS and shouldn't have Sunny. Looks like the only suitable parent for her is Sandra. If you ask Sunny who she would want to call Mommy-it would be Sandra for sure!! Just because Janine is the bio mom doesn't give her the automatic right to have custody. I have worked in CPS for a long time and seen many bio moms not deserving to have custody. I hope the Judge does the right thing.
didn't janine just request some outrageous childsupport amount from jesse? and she doesn't even have custody of the child! they are all looking for money and some kind of fame. i'm pretty sure she isn't seeking visitation rights to her son (whose dad is a construction worker and doesn't have jesse's money). you cannot compare adultry to janine's drug abuse, pornography, stripping AND ex-con as a husband! she should not have visitation rights to any child.
Uh, what was the BIL doing at the strip joint watching Janine strip? And where was he when he witnessed the cocaine usage? What a choice in parents this poor kid has and she's so cute! Of the two, I guess Jesse would be 'better', for lack of a better word. Maybe Jesse could at least hire a fairly sane nanny to care for Sunny. The mom seems to be a total loser that is only temporarily clean because she's had to be. The best thing in Sunny's and Jesse's life was Sandra. Although, after Sandra's recent lip lock with Scarlett, I'm even wondering about her now.........*sigh
Jesse You are a nasty dirty bastard!!! That child deserves to be w/her mother... you left janine when she was 8 months pregnant for Bullock and then you had nothing to do w/that child for 2 years after she was born... Bullock and james deserve each other for they both have no cuth and no compassion for others.. nice to see what comes around goes around.. writing nasty letters to the judge & using your money to win a child that is not yours.. Janine even said, she would like Sandy to stay in her childs life for she knows how much sunny loves her.. that is unconditional love... not what you Bullock and James have done and still do. As for your brother in law who saw her 'do lines' shouldn't you be upholding the law??? What were you doing at a strip club????? Sounds like a bunch of dirty lies.. Jesse you are scum!!!!! LET THAT LITTLE GIRL BE W/HER MOTHER!!!!


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The North Carolina Tar Heels host the Maryland Terrapins looking to establish some consistency after defeating Florida State in Tallahassee last weekend and draw even in ACC play.
UNC has had an up and down season and come into the game with an 11-5 record and just 1-2 in the ACC. One thing that haven't done is put together back to back impressive wins, after defeating FSU on their home floor a win against the Terps would be huge for the young Heels confidence.
Maryland is an interesting team to talk about they started off 13-1 suffering only a three point loss in Lexington against Kentucky to open the season. Then after losing two straight at the start of ACC play, they knocked off 14th ranked NC State. The knock on the Terps who despite their good looking record haven't been ranked all season long was their weak schedule, with a #71 RPI and a strength of schedule at #182 and only two games against top 50 teams, but again, they knocked off NC State.
Led by sophomore center Alex Len, Maryland is fairly deep with ten players averaging double digit minutes they won't easily tire out against the Heels. This team won't try and outrun Carolina and like most teams will try and slow it down and control the tempo. The Terps are a terrific rebounding team tied with UNC at 43.2 per game (2nd in the nation) if they are able to win the rebounding battle they could get the tempo they want and try their luck in the half court where the Heels have had less than stellar defense.
Aside from rebounding Maryland is a terrific defensive team, MD leads the ACC in defensive field goal percentage and ranks third nationally. They defend the three well and UNC will have to get be aggressive attacking the basket if they want to be successful against this team offensively.
Keys to Victory: Control the tempo, contain Alex Len and avoid what has been the crutch of this team the entire season; playing with a lack of effort and failing to close the team out. This is a chance for Carolina to show that they have got over the hump of playing with their heads down and allowing lesser teams to beat them by sending the Terps back to Maryland with a loss. Maybe even the most important key is not getting pushed around in the paint. The Heels will need James Michael McAdoo, Desmond Hubert and Brice Johnson to have a post presence and be aggressive on the boards.
Prediction: UNC begins to climb the ladder with their second straight victory to pull even in the ACC. The Heels don't control the tempo until the second half but put up a good defensive effort and win by double digits 76-65.
Reminder to UNC fans in attendance, 2014 point guard prospect Joel Berry will be in attendance for his official visit. He is a very important recruit for the Heels, show him the love and make him feel welcome and wanted in Chapel Hill.


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Scandal may be a keeper for ABC.Bucking the second-week slump that usually plagues new series, the ABC drama grew Thursday, drawing 7.5 million viewers and a 2.1 in the adults 18-to-49 demographic. Scandal topped the 10 o'clock hour, which included a new Awake and a Person of Interest repeat, and notched the biggest audience in the time slot for ABC since Jan. 5. Lead-in Grey's Anatomy (8.8 million, 2.9) also rose, but Missing (7.9 million, 1.4) hit a series low.Grey's: Should Cristina forgive Owen?American Idol (15.3 million, 4.2), up three tenths from last week, and Touch (8.2 million, 2.3), which held steady, led Fox to another win. CBS came in second for the evening despite airing mostly repeats. Most notably, its 9 o'clock repeat of The Big Bang Theory (10.25 million, 3.0) trumped originals of Grey's, Touch and The Office (4.35 million, 2.1) in that half-hour. CBS' only new show of the night, Rules of Engagement, was flat with 8.5 million viewers and a 2.7.With Big Bang in repeat mode, Community (3.2 million, 1.4) inched up 8 percent. 30 Rock (3 million, 1.4) and Up All Night (3.2 million, 1.5), which aired its season finale, also improved, but Awake (2.7 million, 0.9) matched a series low.
8 p.m.CBS: The Big Bang Theory (R) 9.6 million (2.8); Rules of Engagement 8.5 million (2.7)ABC: Missing 7.9 million (1.4)Fox: American Idol 15.3 million (4.2) NBC: Community 3.2 million (1.4); 30 Rock 3 million (1.4)CW: The Vampire Diaries (R) 1.08 million (0.4)9 p.m.CBS: The Big Bang Theory (R) 10.25 million (3.0); 2 Broke Girls (R) 7.4 million (2.1)ABC: Grey's Anatomy 8.8 million (2.9)Fox: Touch 8.2 million (2.3)NBC: The Office 4.35 million (2.1); Up All Night 3.2 million (1.5)CW: The Secret Circle (R) 0.85 million (0.3)10 p.m.CBS: Person of Interest (R) 8.7 million (1.8)ABC: Scandal 7.4 million (2.1)NBC: Awake 2.7 million (0.9)
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By Pfc. Damien Gutierrez
| Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton | April 15, 2009
Children from the Wire Mountain community gather and wait in line for their hug from the Easter Bunny at the fourth annual Easter Celebration. The Celebration was hosted by the Wire Mt. district office which spent an estimated $6,000 to provide the celebration to the community. (Photo by Pfc. Damien Gutierrez)
A little girl particpates in an egg at the fourth annual Easter Celebration, April 11 provided by the Wire Mountiain district office. Each egg hunt is divided by the age of the children participating. The Wire Mountain district office donated more than 200 eggs for the hunt. (Photo by Pfc. Damien Gutierrez)
The event, hosted by the Wire Mountain district office, provided children with moon walks, face painting stands, games, and an Easter egg hunt. The Lincoln Military Housing Office also hosted a barbecue at no cost for the Wire Mountain residents.
"My family and I love coming to these events, it gives us a chance to get out of the house and be a part of the community, not to mention they're free," said Catherine J. Blackburn, military spouse, Camp Pendleton.
There were also plenty of activities for the parents, including raffles for $25 gift cards provided on behalf of the Lincoln Military Housing Office and the Wire Mountain district office.
"It is real important that parents are involved today too, even though events like this one are mainly for our kids," said Heather T. Moore, military spouse, Camp Pendleton. "It is nice to know that our community is thinking of the parents as well."
The event wrapped up with an extravagant Easter egg hunt. More than 50 children scampered around the community center scooping up as many eggs as they could stuff in their baskets.
"I have never seen anything like this before, I know my children had a great time and I look forward to next year's event," Moore said.
An estimated $6,000 for food, drinks and supplies went into putting this celebration together for the Wire Mountain community. Organizers also had to put together a staff of more than 20 Lincoln Military Housing employees and civilian employees to help set up the moon walks, game booths, picnic areas and hide eggs for the hunt.
"Without the staff we have here, this celebration could not have been possible, it takes a lot of work putting a function like this together," said Tony Lewis, district manager, Wire Mountain, "I am just glad I have a team working with me that is dedicated to getting the job done."


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News from WTOP
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- The 2014 Big Picture on Cyber Security
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- Connected Government: How to Build and Procure Network Services for the Future
- Continuing Diagnostics and Mitigation: Discussion of Progress and Next Steps
- Delivering the Digital Government Mission
- Federal Executive Forum
- Federal News Radio's National Cyber Security Awareness Month Special Panel Discussion
- Federal Tech Talk
- The Future of Government Data Centers
- The Future of IT: How CIOs Can Enable the Service-Oriented Enterprise
- Government Perspectives on Mobility and the Cloud
- The Intersection: Where Technology Meets Transformation
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- Modern Mission Critical Series
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- Transformative Technology: Desktop Virtualization in Government
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Search Tags: Committee to Protect Journalists
Md. rep. calls attention to man missing in Libya
Maryland Rep. C.A. Dutch Ruppersberger says all means necessary must be used to find and safely bring home a Baltimore man who has been missing in Libya since March.
Tags: C.A. Dutch Ruppersberger , Matthew VanDyke , Sharon VanDyke , Libya , Moammar Gadhafi
Monday - 05/23/2011, 03:09pm EDT


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Chen, Jikun and Zhu, Yingjie and Chen, Nuofu and Liu, Xinling and Sun, Zhengliang and Huang, Zhenghong and Kang, Feiyu and Gao, Qiuming and Jiang, Jun and Chen, Lidong (2011) Nano-scaled top-down of bismuth chalcogenides based on electrochemical lithium intercalation. Journal of Nanoparticle Research, 13 (12). pp. 6569-6578.
Full text is not hosted in this archive but may be available via the Official URL, or by requesting a copy from the corresponding author.
A two-step method has been used to fabricate nano-particles of layer-structured bismuth chalcogenide compounds, including Bi2Te3, Bi2Se3, and Bi2Se0.3Te2.7, through a nano-scaled top-down route. In the first step, lithium (Li) atoms are intercalated between the van der Waals bonded quintuple layers of bismuth chalcogenide compounds by controllable electrochemical process inside self-designed lithium ion batteries. And in the second step, the Li intercalated bismuth chalcogenides are subsequently exposed to ethanol, in which process the intercalated Li atoms would explode like atom-scaled bombs to exfoliate original microscaled powder into nano-scaled particles with size around 10Â nm. The influence of lithium intercalation speed and amount to three types of bismuth chalcogenide compounds are compared and the optimized intercalation conditions are explored. As to maintain the phase purity of the final nano-particle product, the intercalation lithium amount should be well controlled in Se contained bismuth chalcogenide compounds. Besides, compared with binary bismuth chalcogenide compound, lower lithium intercalation speed should be applied in ternary bismuth chalcogenide compound.
|Item Type:
|ID Code:
|Deposited By:
|Prof. Alexey Ivanov
|Deposited On:
|05 Jan 2012 09:29
|Last Modified:
|05 Jan 2012 09:42
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Grifols SA (GRF), Europe's largest maker of blood-plasma products, jumped the most in six months after Exane BNP Paribas said the global market for protein therapies derived from the material will expand in the next two years.
Grifols rose as much as 4.9 percent to 28.71 euros, the biggest intraday gain since Oct. 5, and was trading up 4.5 percent at 1:43 p.m. in Madrid in the biggest gain on the 35- stock Stoxx 600 Health Care Index. (SXDP) Volume was 68 percent of the three-month daily average.
Prices charged by the top three plasma-therapy makers have increased as much as 4 percent for the second year in a row in the U.S. as capacity use for the products is expected to reach a 10-year high of as much as 90 percent through 2015, Julien Dormois, a Paris-based analyst at Exane BNP Paribas, wrote in a report. Dormois, who has an outperform recommendation on Barcelona-based Grifols, raised his stock-price estimate by 21 percent to 35 euros.
CSL Plasma Inc., Baxter International Inc. (BAX) and Grifols control almost 70 percent of the plasma market, and "we see strong upside" from accelerating industrywide growth, Dormois wrote yesterday. "Pricing power is back."
Grifols purchased North-Carolina based plasma collector Talecris Biotherapeutics Holdings Corp. in June 2011 to expand in the $7 billion U.S. market for blood-based infusions, used to treat rare and life-threatening conditions.
The U.S. accounted for 64 percent of Grifols's revenue last year, according to data compiled by Bloomberg. Grifols owns 150 plasma donation centers in the country, where the company collected 5.8 million liters of plasma in 2012, the Exane analyst said. The Talecris unit offers average prices of as much as $200 a month to blood donors, according to the division's website.
Plasma is the clear, liquid portion of blood which contains a large number of proteins, particularly those responsible for blood clotting and protecting the body from infections.
To contact the reporter on this story: Patricia Laya in Madrid at firstname.lastname@example.com
To contact the editor responsible for this story: David Risser at email@example.com


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Linda Brown, Sales Associate
Coldwell Banker Residential Brokerage
1660 Tiburon Blvd. Tiburon, CA
Office: (415) 435-1000 , Mobile: (415) 264-0931 , Fax: (415) 388-5084
1660 Tiburon Blvd. Tiburon, CA
Office: (415) 435-1000 , Mobile: (415) 264-0931 , Fax: (415) 388-5084
Assistant: , Contact: Email or Phone required for Assistant
Chosen file: CHOOSE NEW IMAGE
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* if you already have a photo or video, uploading a new file will replace your current selection.
Contact Linda Brown
Office: Coldwell Banker Residential Brokerage Address: 1660 Tiburon Blvd., Tiburon, CA 94920 Office Phone: (415) 435-1000 Mobile Phone: (415) 264-0931 Business: (415) 264-0931 Fax: (415) 388-5084 Email: email@example.com
About Linda Brown
- Linda Brown is the name that opens doors! With over 20 years experience as one of Southern Marin's top producers and unlimited resources in the industry,
- Linda will show you how to maximize your real estate investments.
- Linda's comprehensive knowledge of the real estate market, organization and diligence contribute to her real estate success today.
- When you think about buying or selling in Marin County, consider Linda Brown as your real estate professional for results you never thought possible
Specialty Markets
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Flag-Flying Marin Residents Attacked By Anonymous Letter Writer For 'Confused' Patriotism
The Marin Independent Journal reports that a number of people received poorly-written photocopied letters addressed to "resident" that assumed the homeowners were Conservative and did not support the "black president." The letter claims that flying the flag makes people no more patriotic than anyone else and is appears to be a "moronic statement" which is "not cute."
San Francisco's Old Mint To Hold Rare Coin Exhibit & Auction For New Museum
An anonymous California couple is about to cash in on their buried treasure, but will first loan their coins to the old U.S. Mint in San Francisco for an exhibition.
Facebook To Allow Users To Log In To 3rd Party Apps Anonymously
Facebook says it will let users log in to apps anonymously, without sharing their identities and personal information with mobile applications they don't trust.
Larry Magid: Apps That Enable Anonymous Comments Online
People are used to commenting online through social networks, but as their contact list grows they may want to be more careful. Larry talks about apps that allow anonymity.
Feds Charge Former NorCal Journalist Of Conspiring With 'Anonymous' Hackers
The Justice Department is charging a former web producer for the Sacramento-based FOX station KTXL of conspiring with members of the hacker group "Anonymous" to hack into and alter a Tribune Company website.
Purple Heart Found Pinned To Teddy Bear In Anonymous Tribute For Santa Cruz Officers
A Purple Heart medal was found pinned to a teddy bear as an anonymous tribute to two Santa Cruz officers who were killed in the line of duty.
Oakland Zoo Receives Anonymous $1 Million Donation
Christmas came early for the Oakland Zoo this year in the form of an anonymous $1 million check.
Tech Report: Web Hosting Service GoDaddy Hacked
A hacker allegedly affiliated with Anonymous has claimed responsibility for taking down GoDaddy, a popular web-hosting service that supports millions of sites.
Internet Hackers Busted After One Becomes FBI Informant
The shadowy underworld of Internet hackers was rocked by news Tuesday that one of the world's most-wanted and most-feared computer vandals has been an FBI informant for months and helped authorities build a case against five alleged comrades.
Hacker Group Posts Addresses Of Top Oakland Officials
The hacker group Anonymous appears to have posted the addresses and other personal information of Oakland city officials to the Internet.


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The evening, which begins at 11 PM, will offer a sneak peek of the first episode of the new season. Co-creators Kate Wetherhead and Andrew Keenan-Bolger, along with series regulars Colin Hanlon, Donna Vivino and Santino Fontana, will join friends and fans in watching the never-before-seen episode. Frank DiLella from NY1 will host.
Songs that are featured on the show will be performed live by Julie Foldesi and Michael Croiter.
The screening and performances will be followed by a panel discussion and Q&A with the cast and creative team.
"Following the friendship of two theater professionals, an actress (Wetherhead as Penny Reilly) and a casting director (Hanlon as Tim Trull), as they try to build careers in the notoriously tricky and often absurd world of Broadway theatrics, 'Submissions Only' proves there's a whole lot of comedy in all of the drama," according to press notes.
Main dining room tickets are available for $25, and bar seating tickets are available for $15. There will be a $25 food and beverage minimum, and doors open at 10 PM. 54 Below is located at 254 W. 54th St. For tickets and more information visit www.54Below.com.


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(Source: onlylolgifs)
(Source: onlylolgifs)
- Attempted scaring my husband coming home from work, he knew I was there
- I told him to go back and do it again, but to act scared this time!
- Instead of scaring him, apparently I airbended the crap out of him and it was so powerful that it knocked him to the ground
- This is why I love him
Is your boyfriend batman.. for work?
Gpoy on a gator with a Jesse 🐾🐊
Hello my name is Shah and I have spent the past 7+ years as a spacecraft propulsion scientist/engineer working on liquid and ion propulsion systems for satellites and other unmanned spacecraft. Currently, I serve as a Propulsion Systems Lead (both liquid propulsion and ion propulsion) for a satellite program (the sixth program that I have held the propulsion lead role for). The job has given me the opportunity to do systems/mission design, support the build/manufacturing of the spacecraft, work on space qualification programs, review test data, work on solving some interesting problems, and support as Propulsion Lead on console in a Mission Control Center for many launches and transfer orbit missions. You can read more about that work at the following link.
My undergraduate education was in Chemical Engineering (and Economics, although that isn't used much). I also went to graduate school for both Systems Architecture & Engineering and Management Science & Engineering.
I have also been very involved in Engineers Without Borders since 2008, serving as the president of our professional chapter for many years and moving on to leadership roles in the West Coast region. I traveled to Tanzania in 2011 to build a rainwater catchment system on a primary school (pictures can be seen at this link).
I also do some consulting for nonprofits working in ocean conservation on how technologies can be used for ocean protection and to improve the work in the field. It is work I started at Stanford University and has allowed me some remarkable opportunities in the last few years.
I am a big believer in the power of engineering to change this world for the better and try to volunteer at STEM events and grade school career days as often as I can.
They are doing an "about the contributors" thing over at Engineering Is Awesome. I was featured today.
Good looking men with brains = 😮😳😍
(Source: engineeringisawesome)
Lady's Creed: Groomerhood
If I sweep my bathroom floor and a dust bunny appears in the shape of the Hollister logo, how long will it take for them to start charging me 50$ per piece of tp?
(Source: shawnthornton22)


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Looks like one of Andy Goldsboro's installations
Main Content
5 comments
I find this interesting composition with the foreground coming up the right side. I like it! Text gives understanding.
nice picture i like the greenland and then the clouds in the back
Wow i like it. talking about Mongolian traditional cultures a true. I love you National geographic photographs... keep shooting true live..good luck
@paul dickinson Yeah, to bad all the trash,people,high tension wires and sign got in the way
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LDAP plug-in allows variable substitution | 4 comments | Create New Account
The following comments are owned by whoever posted them. This site is not responsible for what they say.
LDAP plug-in allows variable substitution
apparently it was 10.3.3 in March when this updated. also CORRECTION due to forgetting to escape <
HomeDirectory maps to: #<home_Dir><url>afp://HOMESERVER/Homes</url><path>$sAMAccountName$</path></home_Dir>
LDAP plug-in allows variable substitution
Variable support in the LDAP plugin started to appear from OSX 10.2.2
The guy who worked on this stuff put some documentation up here:
LDAP plug-in allows variable substitution
Yes, I tried that plugin, but we'd moved to 10.3 by then, and Dan (to my knowledge) never updated it from 10.2 to work with 10.3. Meanwhile the Apple plugin with 10.3 didn't support variable substitution until 10.3.3, which came out a few months ago.
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text:
The Infographics Have Turned on Us
Nearly everything about The Upshot's new infographic blockbuster, "How the Recession Reshaped the Economy, in 255 Charts" is grim: Your industry is probably doomed—vocational rehabilitation services, a seemingly highly relevant field in this post-recession, godforsaken labor market, has not recovered—unless you make apps, or wrench natural resources out of our deteriorating planet in order to power the computers on which the apps are made, or you sell truffle-laced chocolate bars to the people making the apps, or brown liquor to the people who aren't making the apps and trying to get by, perhaps a construction worker or a print journalist or a factory worker. There are two hundred and fifty-five fully interactive charts to tell you this, to overwhelm you with these facts. You could look at one of these charts a day for the next six months and you would still not comprehend the full sweep of its gloom. In fact, if you aren't in a field where you can afford a computer built in the last six months, you probably can't even read this beautiful compendium of dire labor prophecies, because it's so packed with code and graphics and animation by the highly employable data visualization wizards at the Times that your machine can't even handle it. And if your computer can't handle it, can you?
2 Comments / Post A Comment
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"Cemeteries and Crematories: Has Not Recovered," or: I will not be looking in dumpsters anytime soon.
"unless you make apps": I make apps. However, I'm not cheering. This economic and political system is atrocious.


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book at rest. Most of the class included an upward force by the spring in their diagrams. A few others argued that because the spring was not alive, it could not "exert" a force.
Mr. Hull asked, "So, how come many of you who said the table does not exert a force are now saying that the spring does exert an upward force? The spring isn't alive." The students responded, "The spring moves." "The spring compresses or extends."
The teacher asked the students to think about what was similar about the situations in which they were willing to say there was an upward force. They suggested that when the book was on the hand, one could see or feel the muscular activity in order to support the book, and when the book was on the spring one could see the change in the length of the spring. Mr. Hull pointed out that they were responding to evidence for a force by looking at some change in the "thing" that is doing the supporting. He wanted his students to be seeking observational evidence in support of their ideas and inferences.
Mr. Hull: "How about those of you who suggest the table does exert an upward force. In what way does that make sense to you?" While gesturing sideways, one student said, "Whenever anything stays still, if there is a force on one side, there has to be a force on the other side to keep it stopped." Mr. Hull: " I see you are talking about horizontal forces, does that also work with vertical forces?" Again, he guided his students to see the consistency across contexts, in this case, explanations of the at-rest condition should be the same whether considering horizontal forces or vertical forces. This gave some rational argument for an upward force.
Mr. Hull asked his students to think about evidence. "What observable evidence do you have that the table exerts an upward force?" A few students suggested the table bent like the spring. Others countered, arguing that the table was a heavy, solid demonstration table, that it was rigid and therefore could not bend. The students suggested the need for a critical experiment. "How could we see whether the table bends at all?" asked the teacher. Not hearing any suggestions, Mr. Hull proposed that they use a "light lever." Bringing out a light source (in this case a laser pointer), he placed it so that the light hit the shiny table top at a low glancing angle. With the room lights off, one could see where the reflected light hit the far wall. The teacher checked to be sure that the students knew that if the table bends, the light on the wall should move. Although the movement was not readily noticeable with one book placed on the table, as the stack got larger and was taken off and back on, the light could be seen to move.
After exploring ideas about force


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150 hours or twenty days of weekly supervised student teaching; 30 hours field observation; 2 credits
Course in student practice teaching. Opportunity for extensive and intensive participation in teaching and school activities. Hours to be arranged. Observing, developing, and studying curriculum in light of teaching experiences and observations.
Prerequisite: Education 7500X [742X], 792.1X, and permission of the head of Adolescence Education and Special Subjects and the chairperson of the major department.
Corequisite: Education 7531T [763.01T] or 7532T [763.02T] or 7462T [763.03T] or 7312T [763.04T] or 7534T [763.11T] or 7535T [763.13T] or 7536T [763.16T], or 7538T [763.17T]
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This is a quick and easy way to make tomato soup, from scratch, for one.
I adapted this bruschetta recipe and this soup recipe for a single serving.
Ingredients for One:
1 tomato – core removed and diced
1/3 Tblsp Shallot Chopped (I couldn't find any, so used I used red onion
1 clove of garlic Chopped
1 Tblsp Fresh Basil [...]


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6. (4) Jonas Valanciunas (TOR): It wasn't too long ago that JV went through a great stretch of games in which he was frequently playing 30+ minutes, but he's averaging only 19.3 minutes over the past week. That's in part due to foul trouble, as the young Lithuanian has picked up five fouls in each of his past two games despite not playing more than 20 minutes in either contest. Over the past week, he's picking up a foul every 4.5 minutes that he's on the floor, and his playing time has been restricted because of it. Despite the recent slump, JV remains top ten in scoring, rebounding, and blocked shots among rookies.
7. (5) Harrison Barnes (GS): I didn't drop Barnes too far in the rankings last week because it would have been unfair to drop a rookie for a two game slump. This week, however, Barnes' slump has continued, as he's now averaging just 6.0 points on 31.6% shooting over his past six games. Like Valanciunas, Barnes still ranks top ten among rookies in scoring and rebounding, so he remains on the list, for now.
8. (10) Andre Drummond (DET): Drummond got a little bump up in minutes this past week, and has responded well, scoring efficiently over his past three games. Offensive ability is the biggest question mark for this young man, but he's increased his field goal attempts lately and has maintained a very strong field goal percentage - made 16 of his 25 shot attempts last week. Drummond also had two games last week in which he had 12 rebounds with 2+ blocked shots. Drummond has a boatload of raw potential, and it seems that he's beginning to tap into it and show it on the court. Among rookies, Drummond is ranked ninth in steals, third in blocks, third in rebounds, and first in field goal percentage. His biggest concern is at the free throw line, from which he shoots an atrocious 39.1%.
9. (6) Jeff Taylor (CHA): I loved what I was seeing out of Taylor as of a week ago, but he really had a tough stretch of games the past week, possibly in part due to the return of former starting shooting guard Gerald Henderson. Taylor averaged 7.8 points (37.5% shooting), 2.8 rebounds, and 1.8 assists over four games last week, and only registered one steal and one block over the four games combined. He did pick it up in his final game of the week, with 10 points on 5-7 shooting, so hopefully that's a sign that he's ready to bounce back.
10. (7) Kyle Singler (DET): It's tough to figure Singler out - he's often great for stretches, then struggles terribly. It's actually quite characteristic of rookie. Regardless, it has him bouncing all around my top ten on a weekly basis. Over his past three games, Singler has averaged 4.7 points on 25% shooting, 2.7 rebounds, and not much else. While he did drop this week, don't be surprised if he has a great next couple games and makes a push back up the list.
Just Missed the Cut: Andrew Nicholson (PF - ORL), Tyler Zeller (PF/C - CLE), Nando De Colo (PG/SG - SA)
Be sure to check back each Monday for the updated NBA rookie rankings.
NBA Rookie Rankings (Dec. 10)
NBA Rookie Rankings: Beal, Shved on the rise
12/10/12 in NBA | Matthew_Shovlin | 735 respect


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Overall rating 4 out of 54.5 (2 ratings)
Last updated 06 May 2013, created 25 September 2011, viewed 10,520
This is just a worksheet that I made to help my class understand fractions and decimals. It is not a very exciting worksheet but I taught fractions using cubes, fraction sticks, fraction circles etc and then used the sheets for homework. The first one I got them to colour the fraction circles in in class.
Please provide a rating.
Really useful - exactly what I was looking for
A good layout which, although not exciting as you say, does the job you require. Useful for building links between fractions and decimals as well as consolidating decimals.
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Harry won't talk to me because I screamed in his ear with the megaphone. lol
I still don't have a next gen console.
So it's now 2014, Microsoft and Sony have both released their next gen consoles and I still don't have either! I'd be lying if I said I didn't want one but in all honesty my life hasn't fell apart without them. 2013 really was a great year for gaming, I won't condescend you with a list, as you know what games I'm talking about, and I'd probably forget to put in your favorite. Plus there's a million sites out there with their own top 10 lists. The funny thing is I still have yet to complete many of them, and in the case of The Last of Us, I still haven't played it! (Direct your twitter hate towards @pixelheadshot).
In the near future I do plan on getting one of the consoles, but really think I could make it right to the end of 2014 with more than enough to keep me entertained without them. I have GTA 5 in the disk tray of my PS3 and yet my girlfriend still decided that today she wanted to play GTA 2 on my PC for four hours straight!
Don't get me wrong, next gen looks fucking awesome but don't look down on me because I'm still twiddling my thumbs on my Dualshock 3.
It does initially seem that Nintendo have taken a step backwards unveiling their new 2DS console. Ever since the announcement this week it has been the target of ridicule across the internet with jokes about how unnecessary such a device is.
a 2DS drawback pic.twitter.com/23ZJZGcP4p— Video Games (@VlDEOGAMES) August 29, 2013
Why I need a 2DS: pic.twitter.com/uQKGgLw28e— Pokémon Master (@Poke_Doctor) September 8, 2013
Jokes aside I believe there is more potential to this console than meets the eye.
By choosing to make their console a 3D capable device, Nintendo played a risky card from the start.
Three years ago, the President of Nintendo America, Reggie Fils-Aime explained to Kotaku why the 3D feature was not suitable for children under the age of seven…
"We will recommend that very young children not look at 3D images," he said. "That's because, [in] young children, the muscles for the eyes are not fully formed… This is the same messaging that the industry is putting out with 3D movies, so it is a standard protocol. We have the same type of messaging for the [1990s Nintendo virtual reality machine] Virtual Boy, as an example." - http://kotaku.com/5566671/nintendo-testing-healthiness-of-3ds-advising-young-children-to-avoid-3d
The potential health risk for young children meant that Nintendo had to provide warnings on their games, in turn restricting potential customers. Of course gamers are able to switch the 3D off and using the built in parental controls can restrict all 3D images from appearing on the device but this isn't clear to the average consumer. This issue is one of the main reasons that the 2DS, in Nintendo eyes was an essential requirement to fill the gap in the market. For many the 3D feature was always a gimmick and on questioning numerous friends, most told me they never turn it on.
Another major design change is of course the new wedge design. Again people have criticised this change saying that it renders the device pointless as a portable device if you can't even fit it in your pocket; clearly these people haven't tried to fit a 3DS XL in their pocket. Most people seem to manage pretty well with tablets nowadays and considering most people travel with some kind of bag I hardly see this being a problem.
As robust as Nintendo products are, the clamshell design of the 3DS has its flaws. Of all the clamshell products I have owned over the years the hinge is usually the first point of failure; from old flip phones that go floppy, to laptop screens that can't even support their own weight. As you read this you may be saying "You just don't look after your tech well enough!", well that may be a fair point but you have to admit that the new one piece design looks like it could withstand much more abuse in the hands of a young child.
Now aside from how irrelevant this product may be to you, you can't deny that Nintendo have played this well. Set for launch on the same day as Pokemon X & Y. This entry level gaming device may look quite appealing to those only interested in one or two titles; such as the people I know who just bought their 3DS just to play Animal Crossing: New Leaf.
However niche this audience may be, it will be a profitable one for Nintendo and many people will make a purchase regardless of the bad press it has got on twitter.
Admittedly this device is still capable of failure, but it can't possibly do as bad at the virtual boy… Can it…?
Do you ever get a friend over to play your favourite platform game but get frustrated that they just aren't good enough? Do you wish you could just play as their character and your character at the same time? If so Super Time Force may be the game for you…
Super Time Force in a nutshell is a tough Contra style, time travelling, side-scrolling shooter, where the aim of the game is to complete each level with the 30 lives you have been given. The game's main gameplay mechanic 'Time Out', although difficult to explain, is easy to get to grips with after seeing it in action. The mechanic gives the player the option to pause and rewind time, for example in the event of their death after being shot by an enemy. After deciding where on the timeline to start from, the player can choose a new character and replay that part of the level alongside their past self. With the hindsight of how their previous self died, the player is able to save their own life. (Still with me?) With a number of character classes to choose from this can be a achieved in a multitude of ways. They can spawn as Lassie Sniperz for example and shoot bullets through walls killing the enemy before they get a chance to fire. Another method could be to spawn as Shieldy Blockerson and get in the path of the enemies bullets and act as a physical wall, then using Time Out again spawn as the Bazooka wielding Jef Leppard and fire a rocket from behind the safety of Shildy.
This wacky time travel mechanic combined with the unique powers each class has, opens up a world of possibilities of how to get through each level. Based on the 30 live system you are able to play quite literally with an army of you.
The game as you can probably already tell is bonkers; from fighting a giant T-rex with a flame thrower strapped to it's head and a rocket launcher on it's arm, to battling an astroid while riding a pterodactyl. This game pulls no punches and is an relentless joy to the senses.
The release date is still to be confirmed but will be before the end of the year. Keep your eyes open for more.
Found some of my old Pokemon cards today and decided to do some drawing.
MCM Comic Con 2013
MCM Comic Con is one of London's biggest gaming, comics and cosplay conventions. Hosted at the ExCeL centre near the Royal Victoria Dock many unsuspecting members of the public may have been a bit surprised by the thousands of cosplayers making their way through London. Some of them tweeted their confusion…
"Just saw a man on the tube with a drawn on beard. Like a suit, a tie, and a drawn on beard."
"Just seen a Jedi with a light sabre on the tube, standard"
"Is there a cosplay event in london? Lots of weirdly dressed up people walking about. #disconcerting"
It is clear that even though this is regular biyearly event, it is still targeted at a niche audience and unknown to much of the the general public.
As a gaming and anime fan, cosplay is definitely one of the biggest draws to an event like this. Even if you are not familiar with the characters being cosplayed, you can still appreciate the workmanship and dedication that goes in to the costumes, often planned months in advance. The important difference between a cosplayer and fancy dress that many over look, is that the cosplayer embodies the character they play as. Its not just a costume, it is a role to take on and this is where much of the general public just don't get.
A great example of this would be the rather round bellied Darth Vader I met. With a highly detailed costume accompanied by a voice changing device that mimicked the dominant bass heavy rasp Darth Vader is known for. He was approached by a shy fan asking for a picture with him. As he moved closer Vader replied with a menacing, "Get on your knees". Rather funnily the guy, a little confused, crouched a little. It was a cross between a bow and a kneel, with one hand on the floor. "Do not question me on this matter. Don't make me destroy you." Vader demanded. The look of horror on the man's face was priceless as he yielded to Vader's demands while his friend took the picture. It's moments like this that make the day worth it, and really give you the essence of what cosplaying is about.
With nearly 70,000 attendees over the course of the weekend you can imagine that queueing over two hours for tickets is not the most exciting experience. A game of 'name that cosplay' certainly helps pass the time, although it can get repetitive after realising that you've sprotted at least 20 Deadpools and 15 guys all dressed in Pickachu onesies. The Joker is another common costume, but my favourite version was one guy who complimented the usual Joker face makeup and hair with a full nurses outfit, complete with tights and dolly shoes like the hospital scene in the Dark Knight Returns. Another pleasant thing about the Expo was how friendly the crowd was. Groups walk around offering high fives and one guy in the queue brought a bag literally filled with custard creams offering them out. There would also be random moments where a cheer would break out near the front of the queue and it would echo through to the back like a mexican wave.
I find MCM ComicCon an interesting event and there is a buzz in the atmosphere filled with people geeking out. It's genuinely nice to see people so comfortable in their own skin and having fun with like minded people. You can spot them everywhere posing for pictures with complete strangers, who are merely fans of the character they are cosplaying. I discovered many cosplayers seem to become mini celebrities of the MCM world and a few even participate in judged competitions around the world.
Cosplay aside there are many other parts of MCM to enjoy. It can be overwhelming at times as you really are spoilt for choice. There is a large selection of gaming booths showcasing the latest and upcoming releases, as well as old retro classics such as Capcom arcade machines and NeoGeo X machines. It's pleasant to attend these booths and see the passion of the people running them. The community managers are knowledgable and to tell you what's great about their game.
Of course it could not be a comic convention without comics. Comic Village is home to the interesting world of independent comic artists as well as the bigger known publishers such as Marvel and DC. With about 120 tables laid out in rows each artist displays their work for sale ranging from small ten page micro comics to large graphic novels. Comic Village also hosts an area for well known names from movies, TV and the comic world for book and print signings. One of this years big names making an appearance was movie director Edgar Wright well know for Spaced, Shaun of the Dead and his latest movie At Worlds End.
To sum the weekend off I would say this is unique experience that I would highly recommend. The atmosphere is buzzing and there's a lot to see and do. One word of advice however would be to bring a bottle of water at it gets pretty hot with the thousands of cosplayers, gamers and comic buffs everywhere venting their inner geek and excitement to their hearts content.
More drawing today. Rayman happens to be the first game I got on my original Playstation.
Microsoft has received a lot of stick in the past week from many people online disappointed with the Xbox One reveal. Bloggers and Twitter users rushed to complain that there was not enough information about games for the new console and claimed they could not care less about the console's new gimmicky features.
In case you are wondering what the features are and want to find out about the new console check the following link…
Personally I believe a lot of the critics are jumping the gun. The fact of the matter is that the current generation of consoles are not bought solely for gaming, and statistics from March 2012 show that the Xbox 360 was used more for online entertainment than for gaming. Although there is a large gaming community online, they make up a small portion of the 48 million Xbox Live users. The purpose of the Xbox One reveal was not to showcase games, but to present the technology and convince the public that it would be a worthy investment. Microsoft even stated in advance that the reveal would not show many games and that those interested would have to wait until E3 for more announcements.
For those uninterested in the gimmicky features I think they fail to realise that in the next 10 years technology is going to change a lot. Looking back to how Microsoft adapted their console from it's first iteration and started to cater for people who wanted to use their Xbox as an entertainment hub, I can confidently say it was a sensible step. The Xbox One just takes this concept further.
At the end of the day the market is no longer for just hardcore gamers. It's for movie buffs and Skype lovers, for fitness and yoga fanatics. The 12 year old Call of Duty fan will not be the one buying the next generation console, it will be their parents. They will be the ones having to make a decision about which console is the worthy investment.
Microsoft and Sony are businesses at the top of the food chain and companies like Apple and Google are stepping on their feet. It is innovative ideas that will keep them ahead of the game and concentrating on the gaming market while ignoring other opportunities does not make business sense.
As I discussed in my post about the PS4 this is a marketing war and it is business. Many rumours are circulating with people speculating too much, when we need to wait to see what more is revealed at E3. I am not ready to make up my mind and you shouldn't be either.
It's come to that time of the decade where the big contenders Sony and Microsoft fight to market their next generation consoles.
Sony managed to get the upper hand back in February by making a surprise early announcement of their upcoming PS4 and showcasing some of the games they have in development. To many eager fans disappointment Sony did not have a console to exhibit, although they did have the controller. It seems clear that the purpose of the announcement was to get ahead of the competition and start creating hype for the PS4 regardless of how far in the development stage they were.
Today marks the announcement of Microsoft's new console and while many fans eagerly await the news, Sony have again tried to steal the lime light and yesterday revealed a teaser trailer with flashing images of what the PS4 will look like. Admittedly the advert is laughable with macro shots of metal and blurry silhouettes, however the video raises the topic for discussion in attempt to draw attention away from Microsoft.
As much I may dislike the fanboy/girl culture for what console is better, they are undoubtedly the biggest assets to the big corporations. They are passionate about the products and pledge their lives to always buy the brand, much in a similar way that a true football follower will always support their team, even when they loose. Long before anyone gets their hands on either of these systems people will be making decisions on what they plan to invest their hard earned money on.
The war will rage on but at this moment in time, Sony are winning the battle.


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Recrafted cyber bill contains emergency powers
A cybersecurity measure still in draft form would give President Obama additional powers. The proposed legislation would permit the President to declare an emergency if there's a threat to the nation's electrical grid.
Tags: Federal Drive , Cybersecurity Update , Congress , Reuters , cybersecurity , grid
Schmidt says cyber coordination on upswing
White House cyber coordinator says using secure identity cards and working more closely with industry among his top short term priorities. He says a new strategy to secure online transactions also is on track for the President's signature this fall. And he's closely watching Capitol Hill as Senate lawmakers may be close to completing draft of consolidated cyber bill.
Tags: technology , Howard Schmidt , White House , Information Security and Privacy Advisory Board , cybersecurity , HSPD-12 , secure identity management , National Strategy for Trusted Identities in Cybers , Jason Miller
Telework caught in a crossfire
One amendment, two committees equals a whole lot of nothing moving in the Telework Enhancement Act.
Tags: technology , TANDBERG Telework Center , PTO , Tom Coburn , DHS , Governmental Affairs Committee , Gov Exec , Patrick Leahy , Senate ,
House passage of Senate jobs bill would end DoT furloughs
Senate also considering separate extension bill that would end furloughs, but Sen. Bunning has put hold on it. Transportation furloughs 2,000 employees and stops 41 major construction projects because it doesn't have funding.
Tags: pay and benefits , Ray Lahood , Nancy Pelosi , Frank Lautenberg , James Oberstar , Richard Durbin , Jim Bunning , House Transportation and Infrastructure Committee , Senate Commerce, Science and Transportation Commit , DoT , employee furloughs
CBO Scoring and the Spin Meisters
Understatement of the Month: the CBO's scoring of Healthcare is preliminary.
Tags: Lurita Doan , Barack Obama , Congressional Budget Office , CBO , Nancy Pelosi , Max Baucus , Senate Finance Committee
Senators Shocked about Daschle Withdrawal
Tags: HHS , Tom Daschle , Senate Majority Leader , Senator Bob Casey
Reaction On Daschle Withdrawal
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USA.gov, Rev. Martin Luther King, Jr., Sen. Harry Reid
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Reporter's Notebook: A new day on the Hill
Day One of the 111th Congress is now history. Federal News Radio's Max Cacas has a page from his Reporter's Notebook.
Tags: MC , U.S. Congress , Joseph Biden , Robert C. Byrd , Mary Landrieu , Dick Cheney , Mitch McConnell , Joseph Cao , Rod Blagojevich
Reporter's Notebook: A new day on the Hill
Day One of the 111th Congress is now history. Federal News Radio's Max Cacas has a page from his Reporter's Notebook.
Tags: MC , U.S. Congress , Joseph Biden , Robert C. Byrd , Mary Landrieu , Dick Cheney , Mitch McConnell , Joseph Cao , Rod Blagojevich


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Your opinions are certainly "out of hand" - and any … Keep reading
False accusation rates for rape are the same as for similar violent/assault crimes. Under 2%. That said, it's probab… Keep reading
Thanks for giving me a chance to write some stuff about Toronto comics for the site! I appreciate your patience and … Keep reading
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The idea that systemic racism has victims but no beneficiaries is a lie we must confront and destroy.
Toronto's most vulnerable populations, and the quality of our public discourse, are not much better off today than they were under Rob Ford.
Accusers continue to step forward with allegations of sexual assaults committed by Jian Ghomeshi. His accusers deserve the presumption of innocence just as much as he does.
Once again, Toronto's representatives don't reflect the population that elected them.
Toronto would be remiss to forget the past four years. A reflection on where to find inspiration in the Ford era, and what we need to do next.


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text:
Choice 4.2 Gallon Stainless Steel Double Beverage Dispenser
- Quantity Discounts!
|Buy 1 - 2
Other Available Sizes:
- Includes center ice core
- Attractive stainless steel accents
- Easy to clean drip tray
- Dual dispensers offer beverage variety
Serve your beverages with elegance and ease with the Choice stainless steel double beverage dispenser. Made of durable polycarbonate and stainless steel, this double beverage dispenser has two round, clear bodies, each holding 2.1 gallons of liquid! The large dual dispenser offers beverage variety for your customers, while conserving space on your table. From ice water to juices and iced tea, this double beverage dispenser creates the perfect presentation for use at your restaurant, breakfast bar, or catered buffet table!
The Choice double beverage dispenser is also incredibly convenient to use! The top lids are removable for filling and the easy-to-use faucets ensure drip-free service. The stainless steel stand is equipped with drip trays, perfect for hiding any spills, and easily removed for quick clean-ups ensuring that your table always looks its best! To make sure your beverages remain ice-cold without being watered down, the clear beverage compartment includes a built in ice core! Just fill the core with ice, and your beverages will remain at the perfect temperature for hours! Whether in a busy restaurant environment, or on a catered buffet table, the Choice stainless steel double beverage dispenser offers functionality, durability, and a sleek presentation perfect for all of your serving needs.
Aside from the polycarbonate beverage containers, this beverage dispenser features an eye-catching stainless steel finish and matching accents. Easy-to-use faucets ensure drip-free service, while a built-in drip tray catches any spills.
Overall Dimensions:
Front to Back: 13 3/4"
Left to Right: 21 1/4"
Height: 22 3/4"
Similar to American Metalcraft Juice2.
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Built to navigate the backside of beyond
Youre not about to spend the weekend holed up inside no matter what the weather. So get out in comfort with Jackpine Hiker Boots. You get DuluthDry waterproof/breathable construction, loads of traction and a lightweight build to keep you moving through the Northern forests theyre named for.
WARNING: Jackpine Hikers will take you deep into the darkest wilds of the woods where the Jackpine Savages roam. Duluth Trading is not responsible if you dont turn back at the first sound of banjos.
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comfortable to walk in. I feel like I'm walking on a cloud.
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sturdy products that hold up!
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Very happy with the product. Great quality, style and price
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I have foot problems from a car accident I was in, and need ankle support as well as user friendly footwear. These boots are made to perform, and have a long lifespan. After breaking them in, they quickly became my shoe of choice. I believe others will also experience this. Duluth Trading Company has a reputation for high end products, these boots follow this image.
Men's Jackpine Hiking Boots
Item: 22709


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Frontiers of Physics
Frontiers of Physics facilitates communication and exchange among scientists by reporting significant advances made in universities and academic institutions worldwide in nearly all fields of physics. The journal publishes review articles, original research papers, and rapid communications by individual physicists and research groups.
The journal spans a wide range of topics, reporting experiments, techniques and ideas that advance the understanding of physics worldwide. Among the fields covered are physics of quantum mechanics and quantum information; gravitation, cosmology and astrophysics; elementary particles and fields; nuclear physics; atomic, molecular and optical physics; statistical and nonlinear physics; plasma physics and accelerator physics; condensed matter physics; nanostructures and functional materials; and soft matter, biological physics and interdisciplinary physics.
9 Volumes 41 Issues 542 Articles available from 2006 - 2014Browse Volumes & Issues
Latest Articles
Research Article
Temporal inequalities for sequential multi-time actions in quantum information processing
Marek Żukowski (October 2014)
Research Article
Quantum state manipulation of single-Cesium-atom qubit in a micro-optical trap
Zhi-Hui Wang, Gang Li, Ya-Li Tian, Tian-Cai Zhang (October 2014)
Research Article
Entanglement concentration for a non-maximally entangled four-photon cluster state
Xiang Yan, Ya-Fei Yu, Zhi-Ming Zhang (October 2014)
- Journal Title
- Frontiers of Physics
- Coverage
- Volume 1 / 2006 - Volume 9 / 2014
- Print ISSN
- 2095-0462
- Online ISSN
- 2095-0470
- Publisher
- Higher Education Press
- Additional Links
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|Print ISSN
|Online ISSN
|Frontiers of Physics in China
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Abdominal Pains and 6 Weeks along
I am currently 6 weeks pregnant. I am now on day 11 of intense abdominal cramping/pain. It usually starts around two hours after eating and the pain will last 40 minutes to an hour. I've talked to my OB's nurse several times last week, and over the weekend went to the ER. I had a pelvic ultrasound and the baby is fine (initially worried that I was potentially ectopic). My urine test came back that I had blood and bacteria in my urine. They did an ultrasound of my kidneys in case of stones and found nothing. I was then given antibiotics for a UTI. Since then, I have also had my gall bladder, liver and pancreas checked. BUT I still have the pains, has anyone else experienced this? Doesn't matter what I eat (healthy, non-healthy, high fiber, low fiber), like clockwork two hours later I hurt. My first OB appointment isn't until Jan. 6th. Any suggestions or advice would be appreciated!!!