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Truth v. Myth
The World Wars on the History Channel; or, all in one and one subbed in for all
Hello and welcome to part 2 of our short, indeed two-part series on the History Channel's new series The World Wars. In the first part of our mini-series, we looked at the shortcomings of both "great man theory" history and misogyny. Here, we focus on a main theme of Episode 1 that we can't quite live with: the radicalization theory.
We are told repeatedly that Hitler was radicalized by his experiences serving as a private in WWI. The same claim is made about Mussolini, but not as often, as he only makes two brief appearances. Both men, but especially Hitler, saw brutality, random violence, pointless and awful death, and other horrors of war, and then Hitler had to suffer through his country's defeat and surrender (or, as he saw it, its sure victory and inexplicable surrender). All this changed him from an anonymous putz to a demonic fascist.
The problem with this is twofold: first, millions of soldiers had the same experience of the horrors of war but did not turn into monsters; and second, war horror is not a logical explanation for what Hitler became and did. Many men wrote about their horrible experiences in the war afterward. They all suffered in the same way Hitler did. Many of them questioned the social and political status quo, and gave up on religion. But they did not all become fascists overthrowing governments and using murder to establish power. So to repeatedly show Hitler taking in the horrors of war is not adequate as an explanation of his evil. There was something about Hitler's mind and character that allowed him to drift into fascism, and while that something was present before the war, it really flowered after the war.
The best part of Episode 1, which is really well done, is the sequence after the war showing Hitler begging for work from the army and being sent to monitor a podunk political leftist group, mostly just to get him out of the army's hair, and sitting there at the meetings, defensive and wary, until he begins to be drawn in, correcting the speakers' arguments and becoming a leader. The response of the men at the meetings is very natural: here is a man who wants to stand up for Germany and assert its virtues and innocence of war guilt at a time when the whole world is making Germany a pariah among nations. Here is a man who has patriotism and confidence—two things that were very scarce in Germany after WWI—who makes us feel good about our own personal participation in the war and status as war veterans. He's not suggesting holocaust at this point. He's just asserting the right of Germans to be proud of being German. At that point, that was a radical but not morally repellent stance. It's clear that Hitler progressed from this neutral status to his warped plans for a bigger and better Germany that involved the goals of patriotism driven to an illogical extreme of imperial conquest and genocide.
What shaped Hitler was not so much the war as its aftermath. If he had been selling fascism in the trenches he would have been rejected. But in the 1920s, there were men and women who were ready for radical ideas, and willing to be radicalized, as a sort of wild pendulum swing from overwhelming shame to unthinking pride, and all of it based on national identity turned into racial identity. Hitler was not interested in fascism in the trenches, and not even thinking about it when he first attended the political meetings. But he got the idea from the times after the war, and then his personal chemistry and mindset allowed him to take it to undreamed-of levels.
So we're not buying the idea that The World Wars episode 1 so consistently urges on us, that it was war that made Hitler. It was peace: Hitler was radicalized by a peace he could not accept. If the war made Hitler, it should have made tens of thousands of Hitlers, all over the world, in England and France and the U.S., and perhaps Belgium in particular. Fascism should have swept the world and become the dominant form of government. There should never have been a WWII. Japan was on the Allied side in WWI, experienced no fighting on Japanese soil, suffered few causalities, and should therefore have been safe from fascism after the war. But that was not the case. The fascism that characterized the 1920s and 1930s was a force many decades in the making that was set free to grow in the despair and political chaos and opportunism of the postwar period.
We end our analysis of The World Wars here; we can't hang on for two more episodes. But if you watch them, let us know. Send a comment and tell us what happened. We're indebted to an HP reader for recommending we watch Episode 1. (The History Channel is not really on our radar, as it is rarely devoted to history.) We'd love to find out that the series improves, but we'll leave it to you to let us know.Read Full Post | Make a Comment ( None so far )
The World Wars on the History Channel: A review (of both)
The History Channel has a new three-part series on called The World Wars. Its premise is that if you follow the individual lives of Hitler, Mussolini, Stalin, Churchill, Roosevelt, MacArthur, and Patton, you will get a complete understanding of WWI and WWII and all the tragedy they entail. The "great man" theory of history has been debunked for a few decades now; the idea that events affecting and relying on the participation of thousands, tens of thousands, or millions of people are entirely created, shaped, led, and even dictated by the desires and actions of one man, or maybe two men (opposing each other), has obvious logical flaws. Most modern historians have proved that to understand anything you have to research the lives of the average people who made it happen, whether they were carrying out the will of the leader or following their own interpretation of what the leader wanted; obeying God, family, or both; out for their own benefit; acting out of confusion or fear; conflicted, dedicated, etc. "Great men" are the products of their society, and it's a two-way street of influence.
But The World Wars is about Great Men, and a viewing of Episode 1 shows us that that is likely because the History Channel itself is about Great Men. Watching the ads for other HC shows was telling. They are all about men: Mountain Men, American Restoration, Top Gear (about cars), The Hunt, Big Rig Bounty Hunters, American Pickers, Vikings, Ax Men, Counting Cars (about cars). In each show, a few rugged men have some sort of expertise—in cars, logging, hunting, survivalism, etc.—that they pursue in isolation, from the forest wilderness to the cab of a truck to a hot rod garage. We did not see a single woman in any ad for these HC shows. Women are not needed. When only men exist, all men are great. (We did, however, see women in the endless beer and liquor ads, tramped out in the usual beer-ad ways.)
It's no accident, then, that there are no women in The World Wars, Episode 1. Not only are there no women with speaking parts, there are actually no women at all. The only time you sort of see a woman is in a bar where Churchill is shown talking with other men, and a literally shadowy figure of a woman is also at the bar, so blurred out that you can't see her face. Women clearly do not exist in the world of the History Channel, where men do everything that matters and only men are affected by the events caused and led by men.
The other failings of the series' focus on Great Men are aptly described elsewhere. Here we want to focus on some specifics, the little details that are red flags that the truth is not really being told.
1. There are generalizations made that would be hilarious if they weren't so awful. For example, WWI is described the greatest tragedy of the century in many ways, and "it all started in the slums of Vienna." We zoom in through a window to see a young Hitler doggedly painting a second-rate landscape. Yes: the claim is made that World War I all started with Hitler. If Hitler had not been born, WWI would not have happened. The mind rebels at this sort of wild idiocy, and we're pretty sure that if anyone had bothered to proof/edit the screenplay they would have caught this ridiculous sentence and changed it. But no one did, and rhetoric, combined with a burning desire to deliver the Great Man theory, won the day.
2. Another gross generalization is that Pancho Villa's attack on a U.S. train in 1916 left us "no choice but to declare war". When is a nation ever left with "no choice" other than war? Worse, the U.S. never declared war on Mexico in 1916. The most rudimentary review of the facts shows that the U.S. began a limited campaign with one Army unit against Pancho Villa led by General John Pershing. It lasted nine months and failed to capture Villa. It was called off when the U.S. entered WWI in 1917.
3. But because the expedition is called a war, it has to have a war hero, and that is George S. Patton, who served under Pershing on the Villa expedition. He is The World Wars' Aragorn. Patton is presented as a handsome, brave, super-hero type who never wears a helmet on the Western Front and likes to stare mystically into the distance. They show him strapping a machine gun to a jeep in order to chase Villa, and much is made of this incredible technical innovation. Newspaper headlines are shown talking about the "huge success" of Patton's mechanized raid on Villa and his men, and the episode repeats this language of absolute victory—and then we see another headline that says "Three Mexicans killed". So Patton's huge victory killed three men, none of them Villa. That seems less inspiring.
But we are not allowed to criticize Patton. His interest in tanks is central, because in the end, he is just another Top Gear or Big Rig driver, a guy who loves pimping out big vehicles. Patton is given full credit for "transforming" tanks from their original clunky design, but he did no such thing. He visited the European factories that were revamping the tanks, and ordered some for the U.S. That's it. But the show even has speakers come on to say Patton is entirely responsible for the update. This crosses the line to outright lying, and is more than a red flag.
—We have to interrupt our Patton analysis here to talk more about these speakers on the show. They are not fully identified. You see a name and a title: "John Smith, Historian". The usual data in a lower-third identification is name, title, and affiliation: "John Smith, Professor of 20th century Military History, West Point Academy". Speakers are brought in to documentaries to give them credibility. If we see that John Smith has a degree in military history, we believe what he says. But none of the speakers here are revealed to have specific knowledge of the fields they are discussing. We are historians here at the HP, but none of us are specialists in military history. Yet we could have appeared on this show as "The HP, Historian" and said anything we wanted. Some speakers are just identified as authors ("John X, Churchill Biographer"). There are also many politicians and American military officers who are given equal authority with the historians in accordance with the current belief that if you served in the military you are an expert on all military history.
4. Needless to say, there are no female speakers on the show. Women do not exist.
Back to Patton. He is constantly shown crouching on the back of one of "his" tanks in battle with no helmet—he's too brave. This is reinforced in a scene that actually provoked outright laughter later on: the war is over, and he is training cadets on a firing range. He stands between two targets and tells the men to fire. The bullets fly past him on both sides, but he never flinches. This was inspiring when it was Elrond at the first battle of Barad-Dur. When it is Patton, it is beyond ridiculous. If someone out there can prove to us that Patton stood in the line of fire of raw cadets just learning to shoot at a target just because he was so awesome, please send us that proof.
5. General Douglas MacArthur is presented as a great hero. This was the man who on his own authority gave the order to fire on unarmed WWI veterans in 1932 in Washington, DC, who were peacefully protesting the government's decision to refuse to pay them the bonus money they had been promised for their service in the war. MacArthur charged the men, women, and children with cavalry and infantry, and used teargas on them. He then set fire to the buildings they were living in, forcing those who had taken shelter there to flee into the attack. When President Hoover ordered MacArthur to stop the attack, he refused. Then when Americans were outraged, MacArthur claimed Hoover never told him to stop. This is the description of a war criminal. But in The World Wars, he is just another Great Man with a vision and guts and bravery and a commitment to his own vision that blots out everything and everyone else, like any hero.
6. The episode makes it seem like Wilson declared war the day after receiving the Zimmerman telegram. There was actually a three-month gap between the two events.
7. This is small, but we began to wonder why all the newspaper headlines the episode uses are from minor papers: Ogden City, Utah; El Paso, Texas; small towns in North Dakota and Louisiana. It's not like these are not valid papers, but it is more common to see the New York Times, the LA Times, Washington Post, Chicago Tribune, etc. We wonder if they couldn't get the rights somehow.
These are the red flags. These are the details and major themes that are simply historically inaccurate, and these are the signs that a show is more dedicated to its thesis than the truth, and willing to bend or ignore historical fact whenever necessary to protect and promote its thesis.
Next time, we will discuss an important problem with the main thrust of Episode 1.Read Full Post | Make a Comment ( None so far )
Henry VIII v. Wikipedia
We notice, as historians, that certain popular stories about historical figures are repeated in textbooks and other learning material even though they are untrue. The most glaring example we can think of at the moment is not from American history, but it's illustrative: almost any resource you read will say that when Henry VIII divorced Catherine of Aragon, he renounced the Catholic Church and became a Protestant, and this was the beginning of the Protestant Reformation in England.
We are exposed to this story frequently as scholars of the English Puritans. The truth is that Henry remained a devout Catholic to the end of his life, persecuted Protestants, and rejected the Reformation. What really happened was that Henry made himself the head of the Catholic Church in England (not the head of a new Protestant Church), putting himself in place of the Pope. The English monarch was now the head of the Catholic Church in England, and this is why it was so dangerous to be a Protestant during Henry's reign—to reject Catholicism was not just a religious act but a political one. It was to reject the authority of the king, and as such Protestantism was treason, and punishable not just by excommunication but by death.
Protestants would labor in secret during Henry's reign to sway the Church of England toward Reformation, and under Henry's successor Edward VI, who actually was a Protestant, and a fanatical one, the C of E did become Protestant. But under his successor, Mary I, a fanatical Catholic, the C of E returned to the authority of the Pope, and Protestants were notoriously persecuted. Mary's successor Elizabeth I maintained a middle ground, making the English Church the mix of Catholic and Protestant practice that it remains today, and after the brief experiment of Puritan rule under Cromwell, the Anglican Church was set to remain a Protestant sect with many lingering Catholic elements.
But all that is less clear-cut and dramatic than saying Henry VIII was mad at the Pope and so he became a Protestant. It's also easy to blur things unintentionally, as the BBC website does when it says "His break with the papacy in Rome established the Church of England and began the Reformation." Yes, the break with Rome gave English Protestants hopes that the Catholic Church in England would be reformed, and paved the way for Henry's son Edward to receive a humanist, Protestant education (carefully hidden from Henry), and for Elizabeth to one day enact a gentle shift to middle-ground Protestantism that would be challenged once more during the English Civil War but restored under Charles II and, after one last threat from James II, securely established… but that long string of events stretching from the 1534 to 1688 is not the story you get from the line "Henry began the Protestant Reformation." Most resources sum up the long story as "Henry VIII broke with the Roman Catholic Church to get a divorce."
So a general consensus is built by people who have not devoted time to studying the English Reformation that Henry was a Protestant. This view becomes so well-known that it is repeated in many venues, including history materials meant to teach students about English history. That's the problem with an uninformed consensus—it creates stories so well-known that when you point out that a story is wrong, you are the one who seems crazy. As editors of history materials, we know that when we correct items like Henry VIII broke with the Catholic Church, or Anne Hutchinson was persecuted for being a woman, or the Pilgrims left Holland for America because their children were turning Dutch, we often get flack. Does it really matter? we are asked, by educators. Isn't the general gist correct?
We insist that it does matter. It's funny that you would not be allowed to get away with error in football stats, identifying the designer each star is wearing at the Oscars, or summarizing TV show plots online, but misrepresenting the actions of U.S. presidents, founders of major religions, or civil rights leaders is given a pass. Why is it acceptable to learn fictions about the important people and events that have created the world we live in today? Each error in those narratives is worse than just a mistake; it is a misrepresentation of the actions, decisions, and factors that have impacted millions of lives and created the social and political problems or solutions we experience today. Unfortunately, the double standard seems to say that accurately describing what landmark Supreme Court decisions made possible in the United States is less important than getting all the plot twists of Game of Thrones down right on a fan site.
The power of the erroneous consensus is most evident on Wikipedia; many historians have told their stories of trying to correct common-knowledge errors on the site and being reprimanded or banned for their efforts because Wikipedia honors consensus over fact: if a thousand people say the Pilgrims were Puritans, that's what Wikipedia will go with, even though it's wrong. 1001 people have to say they were Separatists for them to allow their entry on the founders of Plimoth Plantation to be corrected. Ironically for our argument here, the Wikipedia entry for Henry VIII is completely accurate: "Besides his six marriages, Henry VIII is known for his role in the separation of the Church of England from the Roman Catholic Church. Henry's struggles with Rome led to the separation of the Church of England from papal authority, the Dissolution of the Monasteries, and his own establishment as the Supreme Head of the Church of England. Yet he remained a believer in core Catholic theological teachings, even after his excommunication from the Roman Catholic Church." Somehow the truth has been allowed to stand on the site, and we hope our article here won't mess with that. But too often, resources beyond Wikipedia—would-be educational materials—follow its policy of accepting common knowledge and, what's worse, resisting correction when its fallacy is pointed out to them, as the dictatorship of consensus makes its power felt.
It's hard to know when you are not being told the truth; all we can recommend is that the next time someone on TV is telling you what the Second Amendment ensures, or what Lincoln thought about civil rights, or what the Boston Tea Party was about, take the time to find a reputable book by a scholarly author and read it. Then read a few more. You will most likely get to the truth, and find that you are actually willing to spend that much time studying the history of your country, your own history, because it's interesting and because it explains the world you inherited and because the truth, as they say, has this uncanny ability to set you free.Read Full Post | Make a Comment ( 1 so far )
Why the American Revolution is not a model for gun ownership today
Often one hears Americans on the news saying that the Second Amendment is necessary to us today because we may need to take up arms against an oppressive government in the 21st century, just as we did in 1775, and that those who anticipate doing so in the near future share the motivations of Americans during the Revolutionary War. Our thoughts on the Amendment can be found here; in this post, we will spell out why our situation in this century is not at all like that on the eve of Revolution in the 18th century, although we have the feeling this should be obvious without our intervention.
—During the Revolution, we fought a foreign government and a foreign occupation.
This is the key item to note. Granted, we overstate a little, so let's go through it and be clear. The American colonies generally had popularly elected legislatures and royally appointed governors, so laws in the colonies came from two very different sources: representatives of the American people, and representatives of the British crown. Our experience of law was mixed. Legislatures generally made life difficult for governors who betrayed the people's interests, especially in the realm of taxation, and so the influence of royal governors, who technically reported to no one but the king, was limited. Until, that is, the 1760s, post-French and Indian War, when London began direct rule of its colonies in North America. Parliament passed Acts (Stamp Act, Sugar Act, Tea Act, Coercive Acts) which were to be enforced without any input from legislatures. Indeed, even the governors were bypassed eventually as British soldiers were sent to America to make sure Acts were enforced. Americans who disobeyed Acts were to be sent to London for trial. This is the key moment, in the 1760s, when long-standing doubts about how much the American colonies owed to Britain were crystallized for many into clear convictions that London and Parliament did not consider Americans to be British citizens and did not grant them the rights of citizens, and were thus, through these Acts, imposing a foreign government on the American colonies. By refusing to allow American representatives in Parliament, the British government was confirming this. By sending troops to maintain order, the British government was occupying lands it believed to be hostile possessions; Americans were alien combatants.
It's very clear that we are not remotely in that position today. Any Americans who oppose the government and/or its actions (taxation, immigration, welfare) are opposing their own government, popularly elected by their fellow Americans and even, perhaps, by they themselves. We don't need to resort to arms to oppose our government because soldiers from another country are not in our streets and homes enforcing foreign laws. We resort to the voting booth, the referendum, and the ratification process to change or oppose our government. U.S. citizens today have rights that their government enforces and upholds—and if it doesn't, we work through the courts and the political bodies to make it do so.
—Americans during the Revolution did not fight on their own.
They fought in their locally organized militias, which joined the Continental Army led by George Washington. They fought in the army, not as a vigilante group. Individual citizens submitted themselves and their guns to a government-authorized national army. That's hardly what people today are picturing when they say they need guns to fight the government if it becomes oppressive. In 1775, Americans were fighting a formal war against a formal army. They weren't sitting in their homes waiting for someone to challenge them and get blown away.
—Americans during the Revolution were fighting to keep their government alive.
Americans who fought in the Revolution were hoping to see the new government, represented by the Continental Congress in Philadelphia, firmly and officially established as the government of their nation. They were not fighting to get rid of government, as so many Second Amendment fans seem to want to do today. They knew that the nation needed a strong government (though not necessarily fully centralized) to survive, and their aim was to make sure that government was fair once it was established—that's why the Constitution was ratified by popularly elected officials, and why even common people clamored for a Bill of Rights to be added to it. Americans in the 1770s were fighting for government, not against it. They did not believe that armed individuals were a proper substitute for state and federal government.
So we have three good distinctions to draw between ourselves and our ancestors, and hopefully we can put this ridiculous argument to rest. We no longer have to use guns to maintain our freedoms; we have to use our rights as citizens to vote and participate in government to maintain our freedoms.
But what if our government becomes perverted and undemocratic, people ask? What if our political system fails? Then we'll have to use force to protect ourselves.
it seems clear that the only way this could happen is if the American people fail in their participatory duty as citizens, so we are back to our original argument, which is that as long as we do our duty, the government we elect can never fail to be what we want it to be. It's only by withdrawing from participation in our democracy that we lose it, and by looking for reasons to rise up in arms that we threaten ourselves with that dire possibility.Read Full Post | Make a Comment ( 2 so far )
Paul Ryan, Abraham Lincoln, Oliver Stone
We just finished our long series on the flaws in Oliver Stone's new TV series "The Untold History of the United States", and now we found an article on a speech by Wisconsin Representative Paul Ryan that calls for the same analysis. We are grateful to Politifact Wisconsin for the article and for providing the analysis, which we need only sum up here.
Here is Politifact's report of what Ryan said the following in an April 11 speech to a group that works to elect anti-abortion women to political office:
"Our forebears knew to strive for perfection, not to expect it—because mankind is flawed. Progress takes time. It takes work. And it takes common sense… Take Lincoln. He hated slavery as much as anyone. But he defended a law that preserved it. He supported the Compromise of 1850, which prohibited slavery in California but allowed it in New Mexico. He even backed a law to return runaway slaves to their owners." Lincoln agreed to compromises, Ryan asserted, "if they brought him closer to his goal–even in just a small way. We all know what happened. After years of turmoil, he helped pass the Thirteenth Amendment, which ended slavery for good."
Politifact Wisconsin actually asked eight experts on Lincoln to evaluate Ryan's statement. What they found was that, like Stone's series, Ryan's statements are partially true, but twist facts just past the breaking point of accuracy. We'll let Politifact do the talking here:
"While Ryan said Lincoln 'supported' the Compromise in 1850, Lincoln was actually semi-retired from politics at the time, having left Congress a year earlier (he wasn't elected president until 1860). At the time of the compromise Lincoln did not express support for it, according to several experts, including Lincoln biographer Ronald C. White Jr., Michael Burlingame, a Lincoln scholar at the University of Illinois-Springfield, and Columbia University historian Eric Foner. As president, Lincoln did agree to a proposal that would have admitted New Mexico as a state, said Lincoln biographer James McPherson. So in that sense, he could be said to have supported the Compromise of 1850, in that New Mexico had opted to approve a slave code. On the other hand, McPherson said, no slaves were counted in New Mexico in the 1860 census, which indicates slavery had not taken hold there.
"Similarly, Lincoln as president held that the federal government needed to abide by the Fugitive Slave Act, mandating for the return of runaway slaves, given that it was the law of the land. But, McPherson noted, Lincoln wanted legislation to give alleged fugitive slaves a trial before they could be returned. 'He did feel there was no choice but to defend the legality of the Fugitive Slave Act once it became law, and even said so in his first inaugural address—but here some context is needed, too,; said Lincoln scholar Harold Holzer. 'He refused to oppose so-called 'personal liberty laws' that were passed by northern states to justify disobedience to the Fugitive Slave Act. So, in sum, Lincoln always opposed slavery,' said James Cornelius, curator at the Abraham Lincoln Presidential Library & Museum. 'But he also held, privately and out loud, that federal law must be obeyed.'"
Politifact sums up by saying "Ryan's statement is partially accurate, but leaves out important details. That fits our definition for Half True."
Unfortunately, this is too often the case when public figures and average people decide to use history to support their positions: they pick up a few facts and string them together in the way that best suits their purposes, either deliberately or accidentally. In the case of the former, they know what they are leaving out or distorting. In the case of the latter, they do not. But either way the result is negative.
In this case, the idea that Representative Ryan would seek to inspire anti-abortion partisans to work with pro-life activists if necessary to achieve their goal of banning abortion by claiming that Lincoln worked with pro-slaveryites to achieve an ultimate goal of abolition is beyond odd. It equates pro-life supporters with people who supported slavery. It makes the case that no group is too repugnant to secretly use to achieve your goals. It condones hypocrisy. It recommends lying to achieve your goals by pretending to work with people you plan to destroy. It drags Lincoln's name through the mud by claiming he operated in these ways. And it implies that Ryan himself operates in these ways.
Oliver Stone's untold history of the United States (and the Soviet Union)
Part 3 of our series on Stone's "Untold History of the United States", currently running in 10 one-hour episodes on Showtime. So far in our review of Episode 1—World War II, we have not encountered a lot of U.S. history; it has mostly been a retelling of world events with a loving focus on Stalin and the Soviet Union as lone crusaders against Hitler. More, unfortunately, on that below.
But at about 19.00 Stone introduces Henry Wallace, FDR's Secretary of Agriculture, as our first unsung hero of U.S. history. Wallace directed the soil conservation program that helped reverse the Dust Bowl, and was an outspoken opponent of racism against black Americans and Jewish people worldwide. When FDR chose Wallace as his running mate in 1940, the Democratic party protested, leading the president to write a letter to the delegates at the Democratic National Convention saying he would not accept their nomination if they did not accept Wallace's. Stone edits the letter, of course, to make a sound bite; there's nothing wrong with that. But oddly, he changes the end of the letter fairly substantially. The actual text is:
"The party must go wholly one way or wholly the other. It cannot face in both directions at the same time. By declining the honor of the nomination for the presidency, I can restore that opportunity to the convention. I so do."
Stone gives it as:
"The party cannot face in both directions at the same time. Therefore I decline the honor of the nomination for the presidency."
The meaning is not changed, but this level of editing makes one wonder about the accuracy of all the other quotes given in the episode, and whether the goal of making a more dramatic soundbite led Stone and the editors to substantially change the content of other quotes.
Another basic law of documentary film-making is broken here, as Stone uses footage of Roosevelt delivering a radio address as a voiceover artist reads the letter text, seemingly saying to viewers that this is footage of Roosevelt actually reading from the letter. The lips don't match the words well until the very end, where whatever Roosevelt was actually saying matches "the presidency" very closely. You don't pretend to have footage of something you don't have footage of.
FDR's tough stance paid off, and Wallace was accepted as the vice-presidential nominee. So far in the episode, FDR is coming off pretty well, as someone who would have liked to aid the Spanish Republic, and forced his party into braving conservative pressure. The only real negative so far is the U.S.'s perversely small quota allowed for Jewish immigration from 1933-1945, for which FDR must take some blame.
At 27.40, Stone at last acknowledges Stalin's paranoia by saying it would not allow him to believe that Germany would attack its new Soviet ally in 1941. But we veer back into Stalin-boosting at 29.28, when Stone says that after the Nazi invasion of the Soviet Union was launched, "Stalin begged Britain for military material and to land immediately in Europe and engage Hitler on a second front. And for the west, it was now crucial to keep the Soviet Union in the war to absorb the main thrust of the Nazi war machine." To say that the Allies wanted the Soviet Union in the war simply to let someone else be destroyed in their place is inaccurate, to put it mildly, and Stone himself contradicts this cynical view immediately before this clip, at 29.15, when he says the west feared that the Soviets would fall to the Nazis, and conclude a separate peace. The prospect of the Nazis controlling the Soviet Union and its massive resources of farmland and oil was so dire that Churchill, an entrenched anti-communist, "pledged support for the Soviet Union." So the real reason it was crucial to keep the Soviet Union in the war was not so it could be destroyed by the Nazis while the west looked on laughing, but to keep it in the war so that its crucial resources would not be used to fuel the Nazi war effort. If the Soviet Union fell, the odds of defeating the Nazis shrank considerably.
But Stone continues to present the west as anxious to support a Nazi victory over the Soviet Union, explaining the reluctance of U.S. military leaders to send war materiel to the USSR, and the reluctance of the British to divert that war materiel from their own war effort to the eastern front, this way: "There were still many in the west who frankly were glad to see the Soviet Union finally on her knees." It's true that many American leaders would have been glad to see the Soviet Union fall. It's not true to say that that is the reason why they did not want to provide war supplies to Stalin. American leaders hesitated to get involved in a war the U.S. was not part of—in the summer of 1941 the U.S. was officially neutral, and getting involved in the war might invite an attack on the U.S. British leaders hesitated to redirect war supplies from Britain to the Soviet Union because Britain was still fighting for its life at that point. They did not know, as we do now, that Germany would not attempt another invasion of Great Britain. Britain was the only western European nations still fighting the Nazis, and it's reasonable that its leaders would not want their only outside supply line from the U.S. sent to the eastern front. Stone has just said Churchill pledged to support the Soviet Union because he needed them in the war. So how can he then say Britain was "frankly" glad to see the Soviet Union fall?
The real issue in 1941 was one that would persist for three more years: the Allies wanted to open up a western front but were unable to get the foothold in Europe to do so, and needed considerable firepower in the west to create that opportunity. There was no conspiracy to let the Nazis destroy the Soviet Union. If the USSR fell, then the Nazis could return their full focus to the west, and then the odds of carrying out the D-Day invasion would have shrunk dramatically.
Stone then moves on to FDR's secret meeting with Churchill in Newfoundland in August 1941, and notes that FDR was reluctant to help Churchill protect and extend its empire; the Atlantic Charter that came out of the meeting that set the Allied goals for a post-war world specifically ruled out "territorial aggrandizement" as a goal. Stone then has audio of FDR explaining the "Four Freedoms" (freedom of speech and worship, freedom from want and fear), and ends it by saying "These were big words, but the Atlantic Charter was a truly visionary document." (34.03) The Four Freedoms, however, were not in the Atlantic Charter; they were introduced in a speech by FDR 7 months earlier, in January 1941. Yes, the principles of the Freedoms are upheld by the Atlantic Charter, but the articulation of the Freedoms is not in the Charter, and it's sloppy history to say they were. And just another red flag about the accuracy of the series as a whole…
…as we see when we move on to the origins of the Manhattan Project. Stone describes how it was turned over to the U.S. military and the oversight of Major General Leslie Groves. He says that Vice President Wallace "had a low opinion of Groves, believing him 'a slightly pathological, anti-semitic Roosevelt-hater, and outright fascist.'" (42.54) Then Stone moves on to the team Groves created. Wallace may well have believed Groves was all those things, but the responsible historian cannot simply present Wallace's opinion as the objective truth about Groves, as Stone does here. What if a history of the U.S. 50 years from now introduces President Obama by quoting a neo-conservative politician claiming that Obama was a Kenyan citizen posing illegally as a U.S. citizen, and then just moved on, letting that stand as the only description of the president, tacitly saying it is true? What if a history of the U.S. 50 years from now introduced President George W. Bush by quoting an activist claiming that Bush was in on the September 11th attacks and then moved on, letting it stand as true? If you present incendiary charges in what is supposed to be a documentary, you have to prove them. Stone does not.
On to another go-around at 44.22 about Stalin "pleading" for a second front, and here at least gives a few accurate reasons why this didn't happen, from Eisenhower's estimation that it would take much longer than the U.S. had thought to create the opportunity for a landing in western Europe to Churchill's concerns about holding North Africa, in part hoping that the second front could be opened up in southern Europe from British North Africa.
We are almost done; next time will be the last time, but it will be an enormous dose of truth v. myth, so be ready.Read Full Post | Make a Comment ( 1 so far )
Oliver Stone's Untold History of the United States—Episode 1
On we go in part 2 of our review of director Oliver Stone's TV series "Untold History of the United States", now airing on Showtime. We're analyzing it for its historical accuracy and reliability. Why do this? Because Stone asks us to, in the intro to episode 1, "World War II", in which he says rather than make another narrative movie, he thought the important topic of "real" U.S. history deserved something more—a documentary series informed by real historians. So we are taking him at his word and watching the show as historians, and as we made clear in our first post, finding it lacking. No one is more dedicated to Truth v. Myth than the HP, so it's not that we don't like myth-busting, one of the promised activities of Stone's series. It's just that myth must be busted by truth, and not the other way around, and in Episode 1, at least, there's a lot of myth posing as truth.
So we left off last time about 12 minutes into "World War II" and now we pick up at 12.35, where Stone, narrating, says that western non-intervention in the Spanish Civil War convinced Stalin by 1939 that "the western powers had no real interest in a collective action to slow the Nazi advance. For years, the Soviet dictator had implored the west to unite against Hitler and Mussolini, even joining the League of Nations in 1934. But Soviet pleas were repeatedly ignored. And then in 1937, full-scale war erupted in China as the powerful Japanese army captured city after city."
Like a good dissertation advisor, let's mark this up: First we are in 1939, with Stalin trying in vain to get the west to fight the Nazis. Coming where this claim does, after a wrap-up of the U.S.'s refusal to intervene in the Spanish Civil War and FDR's statement that the refusal would come back to haunt the nation, one has to assume that Stone means Stalin was the only major leader who fought the Nazis in Spain and the only leader who was willing to keep fighting them afterward. Stone gets this, apparently, from the fact that the Soviet Union provided war materiel to the Republicans in Spain. But cursory study of the Soviet role in the SCW shows that Stalin intervened only in an attempt to convert the civil war into a communist revolution that would create a Soviet satellite nation in Spain. Stalin's man in Spain, Alexander Orlov, had the socialist prime minister deposed and installed a communist who could be a puppet leader, and carried out arrests and execution of Republican leaders who did not sympathize with communism. In exchange for military support, Stalin demanded that the Republic pay in gold; about $500 million in gold left Spain for the Soviet Union during the war.
To say that Stalin was "fighting the Nazis" in Spain is disingenuous: he was in a fight to control Spain and had no interest in the stated goals of the Spanish Republicans. He supplied arms to the communist revolutionaries in Spain and directed most of his efforts to using those weapons to rid the revolution of its non-communist participants. Stemming the Nazi menace was fairly far from his mind. Stalin did hate European fascism, because it was not Communist, but his heart did not bleed for Hitler's victims in Europe. Stalin was only ever concerned with his own security. Spain served his purposes only for as long as he thought he might control it, and begin to build his own empire in Europe.
Next, we have the statement that Stalin had been "imploring" the west "for years" to fight Hitler, and even had the USSR join the League of Nations to get his urgent message heard. First, Stalin never implored the west to fight Hitler, as we have seen. Second, the Soviet Union joined the League of Nations after Germany and Japan withdrew their memberships; Stalin hoped to develop some tactical alliances with western nations alarmed by Hitler's actions so that if Hitler supported a Japanese attack on the Soviet Union in the east, or Germany attacked in the west, the Soviet Union would be able to call on its new allies to come to its aid. Stalin also wanted to give temporary support to anti-fascist movements in Europe, again to protect his own territory from invasion. No one can argue with the necessity of protecting one's country from invasion. But to say that the Soviet Union joined the League of Nations primarily as a gesture of goodwill to try to get fighting the Nazis on the agenda is plainly wrong.
Finally, we jump backward in time from 1939 to 1937 to the Japanese invasion of China, which, presented in this way, is seen as an inevitable consequence of the west's refusal to help Stalin fight Hitler. In reality, Hitler was not interested in really allying with Japan, a racially inferior nation in his view, and there was no cooperation between Germany and Japan before the invasion. So these are unrelated.
We recall at this point that the website for the series claims that we will discover unsung heroes of U.S. history and "explore the demonization of the Soviets". This agenda is never actually stated in the episode. That is a red flag for the historian, who knows that you must always make your biases and agenda clear in anything you write or produce. When we practice Truth v. Myth here at the HP, it is clearly tagged as such and identified as such within the post. The second problem is that, while revisionist history is valuable, you have to do good history. You can't take facts (the Soviet Union sending aid to the Republicans, the Soviet Union joining the League of Nations) and simply make up fictional narratives about why they happened. You have to stick to the real facts throughout, and suffer the times when they don't support your thesis just as you celebrate the times that they do.
That's a lot of ink to spill on 10 seconds of video. But those 10 seconds are so misleading, they have to be fully unpacked.
We move on, but only to another Stalin example: at 14.45, Stone says that after Hitler invaded Czechoslovakia "Stalin recognized the truth: his country was facing its most deadly enemy alone. He needed to buy time, and fearing a German-Polish alliance to attack the USSR, he shocked the west when he signed a non-aggression pact with Germany."
The Soviet Union had made an alliance with Czechoslovakia in 1935 as a by-product of its new alliance with France (which was a Czech ally itself). These alliances were the fruits of and the reason for the Soviets' joining the League of Nations. When Hitler took the Sudetenland nothing happened. When he took the rest of Czechoslovakia, France signed the Munich Agreement, accepting the new status quo and abandoning the Czechs. Churchill looked to Stalin to stand by his alliance; Churchill saw early on both the threat Hitler posed and the necessity of involving the Soviet Union in a war against Hitler. Churchill pushed incessantly for a British alliance with the Soviet Union, but British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain was not interested in an alliance that he believed Hitler would find aggressive. When Stalin terminated its alliance with Czechoslovakia, Churchill was shaken, but continued to believe that the virulently anti-fascist Stalin would come around. When Stalin signed the Non-Aggression Pact with Germany in August 1939, just five months after the invasion of Czechoslovakia, Churchill was stunned.
After Hitler invaded Czechoslovakia, the USSR immediately dropped its alliance with that nation and then did absolutely nothing to stop Hitler. And when Stalin was approached by Joachim von Ribbentrop for an alliance with Germany, he accepted with alacrity, not because he feared a Polish-German alliance but for two reasons: first, he saw the Munich Agreement as evidence that France and Britain would not stop a German invasion of the Soviet Union, and second because Ribbentrop agreed to Stalin's demand for half of Poland in return for an alliance. The Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact was perfect for Stalin because it protected him, he thought, from a western invasion. Germany would not invade, and occupying eastern Poland and part of the Balkans would give the Soviets a buffer zone against any British-French invasion. The Soviet Union also agreed not to get involved in any European war—that is, when Germany launched World War II, the Soviets would not interfere or intervene to protect France, Britain, or any other nation from German invasion.
The idea that Stalin feared a German-Polish alliance strains credulity to the breaking point. Poland had its own non-aggression pacts with Germany and the Soviet Union, but these seemed so flimsy to the Poles that they gratefully accepted British and French guarantees of military protection at the end of March 1939 in case of an attack by Hitler or Stalin. Only the paranoid mind of Stalin could have conjured up the threat of a joint German-Polish invasion of the Soviet Union; for Stone to accept it is baffling.
Stone says that Stalin had proposed to join the Franco-British alliance to protect Poland, but "neither [France nor Britain] would accept Soviet troops on Polish soil as a way of blocking the Germans." This is astounding. France and Britain knew, as most European nations knew, that Stalin had been angling for years to find a way to annex Poland. That's why they did not accept Stalin's offer to occupy Poland "to block the Germans"—they knew it had nothing to do with Germany and everything to do with annexing Poland. Once Soviet troops entered that nation, they would never leave.
We have only covered about 5 minutes of film here. That's the danger of it. A full hour episode presents stretches of conventional history that lull you into confidence and then slips in 5 minutes here and there of complete malarkey that you might be fooled into accepting.
We hope to make better time in part 3, where we move on to the actual war and more Stalin-burnishing.
Next time: finally a bit of the U.S. in this secret U.S. historyRead Full Post | Make a Comment ( None so far )
Ron Paul, secession, and twisting history
Yesterday on the radio show Talk of the Nation (click that to see the transcript we're working from) Republican Representative Ron Paul was a guest, along with independent Senator Joe Lieberman, talking about what lies ahead after their respective retirements from Congress next year. The host of the show brought up comments Paul made about secession after President Obama's re-election in November. Some Texans have been talking about their state seceding from the union as a result of this election, and Paul joined in to confirm the right of any state to secede, comparing it, as people defending secession so often have, to the Revolutionary War. Paul made the comments the show was referring to on Fox News' Cavuto program on December 1 (the lead-in for which was a host saying "Well, President Obama's in, now more states want out"—surely an exaggeration, given that the number of people signing secession petitions in all of the states involved but Texas range in the low ten-thousands out of populations of millions). Paul began by saying he did not support secession, but averred that secession is allowed in the U.S. He couldn't say it's constitutional, of course, because secession is not provided for there, but called upon those ever-flexible Founders to say that secession is a non-extreme idea that they would have supported.
The states which have residents signing petitions are strangely familiar as a group: Texas, Arkansas, Louisiana, Tennessee, Alabama, Georgia, Florida, South and North Carolina (and Arizona, the odd man out here).
On Talk of the Nation, Paul offered this bizarre scenario when asked about his statements: "What if today, Greece, seceded from the European Union? The European Union got together, invaded Greece and killed about 50,000 people? We would frown on that." One can only extrapolate that Paul is comparing the U.S. Civil War to this EU scenario, and criticizing the U.S. decision to fight the Civil War against the Confederacy (though one can't figure out where the 50,000 number comes from).
Paul went on to say: "I think the freedom to leave is the description of whether or not you're free. The Soviet system was so bad you could not leave. If you left, you got shot. So you have to have the right to leave. In secession, leaving—coming together is voluntary, so once you can't leave, you lose your right of independence and self-determination becomes a very bad situation."
This is a constant argument that Americans touting the right of secession use and, except for the Soviet reference, of course, the argument proslavery southerners made before the Civil War. The idea is that the United States are united by choice, not force, and therefore are free to leave the union whenever they want. This is simply untrue. Joining was voluntary; continued participation in the union is not. There is no protocol in the Constitution for states to leave the union, because if any state could leave at any time, it would be impossible to maintain a functioning nation. The only attempt by states to leave the union was answered by war. Being required to continue within the union is not equivalent to being imprisoned in a police state. The difference between the Soviet Union and the United States is that citizens of the states are able to participate in politics and create the change they desire.
Referring to the Revolution is also invalid, because the situation of colonies within an empire is not the same as states within the U.S. Colonies are goverened as satellites, without full rights as citizens. Colonies that break away from an empire know they must fight a war to do so, because they have no representation within the government of the empire, and are controlled for profit alone, a profit the empire will not want to lose. The states of the U.S. are not in that situation, as the American colonies once were, and so secession since the War is not the same as fighting for independence from an imperial government.
So far in the radio interview, Paul had only toed the usual misinformed line on secession that aligns it with the Founders and 1776, just as proslavery secessionists did in the late antebellum period. But then he veered into even more myth, claiming that during the War of 1812, New England tried to secede: "If you study history carefully, I think you'll recognize that it was well accepted and recognized north – the New England states, you know, were much more into secession than South was, you know, early on in the 19th century."
Unfortunately, host Neal Conant affirmed this myth. The facts, however, are that during the War of 1812, which, like the Revolution, hit New England harder than other regions of the country, some New England Federalists threatened to call a convention to discuss secession. Like all Americans who call for secession, they claimed that they were "defending the true principles of the Constitution and of the nation itself" (Disunion! The Coming of the American Civil War, by Elizabeth Varon, 37). This Federalist fringe was immediately attacked by Democratic Republicans north and south, and by the time of the Hartford Convention in December 1814, any support New England secessionists had had withered away to almost nothing, and attendees of the Convention did not even discuss secession. Southerners, however, would hold the Convention over New England's head for decades, at first chastising the region for its treason, and, in the 1850s, using the incident as proof that secession was legal (Ibid., 38-9 – for more on the changing nature of secession talk between 1787 and 1861, see Disunion: the battle over slavery before the Civil War).
So secession was never "well accepted and recognized" in the north, nor is it true that "New England states, you know, were much more into secession than South was". New England was shamed and humiliated for decades afterward by its brief and very partial interest in threatening to secede, and most of that shame and humiliation was heaped on by the south—until the south wanted to defend secession as patriotic, at which point it praised New England for its early bandwagoning.
Paul went on to add to his misinterpretation of history by saying, "they recognized that it wasn't like – it wasn't evil, that they weren't evil people because they wanted to separate themselves". But of course New Englanders were made to feel evil because of the actions of a small fringe group, and New England in general did not want to separate itself.
Paul then wrapped up by dragging out the tired horse of states' rights, saying "just having the right to secede or nullify would restrain, you know, the advancement of the central state. Now, if you lean towards saying, well, no, we need a stronger, more centralized control, then, of course, you don't want that. But those of us who are strict constitutionalists and libertarians and all, we want government, local and at home, and not at the central level because we don't believe in the central economic planning, whether it's social planning or economic planning."
The idea here is that if all the states were individual, not bound in a federal union, each would just have its state government, and we would not be subject to the horrors of big federal government. How "strict constitutionalists" could hold this position,which is clearly not part of the U.S. constitution, is unclear. But the idea that state governments are all good and pure, and would never trample the rights of state citizens like the federal government, and that the states are locked in an eternal battle with the evil empire in Washington, is not only an old one but one that is patently false. If the complaint against the federal government is that power corrupts, and absolute power corrupts absolutely, and so states must strip the federal government of its power, what happens when states have all the power? Then each absolute state government will become absolutely as corrupted as the federal government is believed to be, because each will be the only government for its citizens. If the idea is that a state government is more responsive to its constituents because it is closer to them, and answers only to the people of its own state, that would surely be undone if the state government became the only government, with absolute power, and no outside, federal power to monitor its fairness.
The moral of the interview is: follow whatever political course you like—that's the premise of the United States. But get the details right, and don't ignore, or remain ignorant of, historical facts that interfere with your preferred world view. …and if you're going to advocate "studying history carefully", make sure you lead by example.Read Full Post | Make a Comment ( None so far )
Puritan myth-busting: an interview with David D. Hall
There is a great, if short, interview with Dr. David D. Hall from the Congregational Library in Boston, Massachusetts (in four parts) that every student of the Puritans should see. Here's the bio from his web page at Harvard:
"David D. Hall has taught at HDS since 1989, and was Bartlett Professor of New England Church History until 2008, when he became Bartlett Research Professor. He writes extensively on religion and society in seventeenth-century New England and England; his books include The Faithful Shepherd: A History of the New England Ministry in the Seventeenth Century; Worlds of Wonder, Days of Judgment: Popular Religious Belief in Early New England; Puritans in the New World: A Critical Anthology and, most recently, A Reforming People: Puritanism and the Transformation of Public Life in New England (2011). He has edited two key collections of documents: The Antinomian Controversy of 1636-1638: A Documentary History and Witch-Hunting in Seventeenth-Century New England: A Documentary History, 1638-1693. Another interest is the "history of the book," especially the history of literacy and reading in early America. He edited, with Hugh Amory, The Colonial Book in the Atlantic World, the first of a five-volume series of which he was the general editor. He continues to study and write about religion and culture in early America, with particular attention to "lived religion," and is presently writing a general history of Puritanism in England, Scotland, and New England c. 1550 to 1700, to be published by Princeton University Press."
A Reforming People is one of the HP's favorite resources, easy to read and transformative for the new student of Puritanism, informative and surprising for the experienced scholar. Unfortunately, YouTube videos will not embed here, so we can only send you to the site indirectly. Enjoy!Read Full Post | Make a Comment ( 2 so far )
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Mirror Reporter
Karen Jo Bird
Karen Jo (Baker) Bird, 72, of Mason City, passed away Friday, May, 2014, surrounded by loved ones at the Good Shepherd Health Center. There was a Celebration of Life Open House for Karen on Saturday, May 10, 2014, at St. James Lutheran Church, Mason City. Per Karen's wishes, her body was cremated. Memorials may be directed to the family of Karen Bird, 305 27th St.
Patricia A. Bahling
Patricia Ann Bahling, 1305 2nd Ave. NE, Clear Lake, died Saturday, May 10, 2014, at the Muse-Norris Hospice Inpatient Unit, Mason City.
A funeral service will be held at 10 a.m., Thursday, May 15, 2014, at the Clear Lake United Methodist Church, 508 2nd Ave. N., Clear Lake, with Rev. Bernie Colorado officiating. Visitation will be Wednesday, from 5 – 7 p.m. at Ward-Van Slyke Colonial
Eleanor Hepperly
Eleanor L. Hepperly, 98, Clear Lake, died Thursday, May 1, 2014 at the Oakwood Care Center, Clear Lake.
Funeral services for Eleanor were held on Tuesday, May 6, 2014 at the Ventura United Methodist Church with Pastor Dr. Reverend Rhoda Preston officiating. Burial was in the Clear Lake Cemetery.
Vincent Otis
Vincent A. Otis, 88, of Mission, Texas, and Cumberland, Wis., formerly of Northwood, Iowa, died peacefully on May 2, 2014 at Mission Regional Medical Center, Mission. Graveside services for Vincent are planned for Saturday, May 10, at 1 p.m. at St. James Cemetery, Forest City.
Lawrence Halsne
Lawrence E. Halsne, 88, of Clear Lake, died Saturday, May 3, 2014 at the Muse Norris Hospice Inpatient Unit.
A funeral service was held on Tuesday, May 6, 2014 at Zion Lutheran Church, Clear Lake, with Pastor Kirk Wilkie officiating. Military honors were provided by the Clear Lake VFW and private committal services took place in the Clear Lake Cemetery. Should friends desire, memorials may be left in Larry's name to Central Gardens or Hospice of North Iowa.
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subset: commoncrawl


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Corkbin Wine App for iPhone and Android
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Kyla C.
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Fleur De Lys Vintage 2008
one year ago
B seppelt & sons
Knee Deep In Margaret River
one year ago
Vintage 2013... Yum. Not really sweet, even Andrew likes this one!
Somersby Pear Cider Premium European Cider
one year ago
Sweet. Very light.
Warburn Estate Rumours Pinot Grigio 2012
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Brought it for the label. Actually like it! Haha
Watershed Margaret River Shiraz 2009
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Very easy drinking!
2 years ago
This is not wine, I was just testing my new app.


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Three Mile Smile / Reefer Head Woman Lyrics - Aerosmith
(As wild as wild can be) ?
Yak yak ak ak ak ak aow
Oooh gi gi gi ga...
Take a walk in the warm New England sun
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He took a dose of radiation dope
A back in the barn is where he felt, like hell
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After you drive in my car, car
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sponsored linksOPEC boys, you went too far, too far
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Lucy, Coke-a-tome
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I got a reefer headed woman
She fell right down from the sky
Well, I got a reefer headed woman
She, she fell right down from the sky
Oooh, I gotta to drink me two fifths of whiskey
Just to get, just to get, half as high
Click here to submit the Corrections of Three Mile Smile / Reefer Head Woman Lyrics
The following area is only for review, if you want to submit the lyrics or the corrections of the lyrics, please click the link at the end of Three Mile Smile / Reefer Head Woman Lyrics.


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Huawei to Support High Speed Wateen/Qubee 4G Broadband in Pakistan— April 3, 2014
Huawei Technologies Pakistan (Pvt) Ltd. today entered into an equipment supply agreement with WateenContinue Reading ...
Huawei Technologies Pakistan (Pvt) Ltd. today entered into an equipment supply agreement with WateenContinue Reading ...
China Mobile Pakistan (CMPak), Pakistan's first and only 4G mobile service and subsidiary of China
Registrations are now open for the Cambridge Schools Conference, an annual conference attended by Cambridge
The new Amazon is trying to break the addiction of the people towards the television cable. The new Amazon
Concerned with natural skin care methods, many people have shifted their interest from the modern use
Taking care of skin is an important thing especially for students because they have to go out every day
The banned Tehrik-i-Taliban is know one step ahead in IT, to keep other updated and share their views,
US Panel Approves Malala Scholarship Program.The bill which was introduced and named after Malala Yousafzai,
Vladimir Putin born on 7 October 1952 has been the President of Russia since 7 May 2012. Vladimir Putin
President Barack Obama while taking a victory lap on the end of the first open enrollment period under
ISLAMABAD: Local Government has finalized the security plan for Musharraf the former president of Pakistan's
LAHORE: Sirajul Haq has been elected as Chief of the Jamaat-e-Islami Pakistan, GTAP reported on Sunday.
ISLAMABAD: The counsel of former president General (retired) Pervez Musharraf, Ahmad Raza Kasuri Sunday
Pakistan Minister for Water and Power Khawaja Asif has said that twenty two thousand megawatt electricity


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New Dungeons Mod – Download New Dungeons Mod for Minecraft. Hello minecrafters! once again mod talking about dungeons, today i'll post about New Dungeons mod. This mod now has working fine with your latest minecraft, in this new dungeons When you find one you will see a small rundown structure on the surface, with a spawner and a spiral staircase ... Read More »
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Related Photo Galleries
For all Alan thought he was getting a tabletop; however, lugs on this board's base suggested otherwise. Eventually he discovered that it was a plaque that attached to a tanker that transported Gilmore fuel that could be changed out to suit. We think that modularity is a relatively new construct. Fat chance.


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Aerial Device installation by experts
Types of Satellite Dishes:
There are different types of satellite dishes, their performance and their procedure of receiving signals is different. There are following types of dishes,
- Prime Feed Focus Dish:
This was the first aerial installers available to consumer, this is a large dish in parabolic form. The diameter is over 1.4 meters and the LNC is mounted centrally on the dish facing outward.
- The offset Antenna Dish:
In an Offset Antenna dish the LNC is located at the side of the dish, the LNC thus does not interfere with the signal path and can reach without any obstruction.
- The Dual Offset Dish:
The dual offset dish is a type of dish, which has two dishes a large receiving dish and a small dish that converts signals and transfers it to the LNC. It has 80 percent efficiency.
- Flat Antenna:
This type of antenna does not have exterior LNC, it has LNC within the dish.
Aerial Installers installation and maintenance:
The sky dish installers installed by people at their homes or offices are installed by special technical staff provided by the company who deals in aerial installers. The company from whom you purchase aerial installers may provide you with the services of installers. The installation procedure is very complicated which takes into account various factors, direction, wind condition height of the house. These installers also need maintenance because these devices are exposed to severe weather conditions; they need regular maintenance by professional staff.
Digital TV aerial installation:
Innovation has made our lives more interesting and worth enjoying. Digital TV boxes are now available which takes the help of aerial installers at the roof top attached with the Box of your TV. With the help of this digital TV box service one can watch movies, watch sports and some of the Boxes provide the facility to stop, rewind and record a live program.


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Two years after the original series was canceled in 1969, high school senior Mike Mayfield was busy keeping the Star Trek universe alive by feeding punched paper tape into a Sigma 7 in an effort to bring the crew of the Enterprise and the Klingon Empire to life on a 10 character-per-second teletype terminal. Soon after Mike ported his game to HP BASIC, it entered the public domain. From there, early computer enthusiasts enhanced and rewrote the game for every flavor of mini and microcomputer BASIC imaginable and beyond.
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— Jon Blais (via wordsthat-speak)
(via wordsthat-speak)
— Jon Blais (via wordsthat-speak)
(via wordsthat-speak)
Franz Kafka, the story goes, encountered a little girl in the park where he went walking daily. She was crying. She had lost her doll and was desolate.
Kafka offered to help her look for the doll and arranged to meet her the next day at the same spot. Unable to find the doll he composed a letter from the doll and read it to her when they met.
"Please do not mourn me, I have gone on a trip to see the world. I will write you of my adventures." This was the beginning of many letters. When he and the little girl met he read her from these carefully composed letters the imagined adventures of the beloved doll. The little girl was comforted.
When the meetings came to an end Kafka presented her with a doll. She obviously looked different from the original doll. An attached letter explained: "my travels have changed me… "
Many years later, the now grown girl found a letter stuffed into an unnoticed crevice in the cherished replacement doll. In summary it said: "every thing that you love, you will eventually lose, but in the end, love will return in a different form.""
May Benatar, Kafka and the Doll: The Pervasiveness of Loss
For me there are two wise lessons in this story: Grief and loss are ubiquitous even for a young child. And the way toward healing is to look for how love comes back in another form. - May Benatar
(via fragilis)
(Source: easyreadingisdamnhardwriting, via fragilis)
Maya Angelou
— Marcel Proust, Regrets, Reveries The Color of Time
— Yann Martel, Life of Pi
— Fyodor Dostoyevksky
— "Bittersweet" by Shauna Niequist
(Source: kari-shma, via redbloodthorn-deactivated201407)
— Virginia Woolf, Montaigne
— Walt Disney
— Shel Silverstein, Where the Sidewalk Ends
— Shel Silverstein
— One Tree Hill


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This is a fascinating and useful reference to the history of the London Underground that reveals new insights into the history of the iconic transport system. Over one billion journeys are made on the London Underground each year, and the network has become one of the city's most famous features. From the traditional roundel logo and iconic tube map, to the familiar call of 'mind the gap', the tube has developed a culture of its own through its long and often turbulent history. Inside Amazing & Extraordinary London Underground Facts: The Pioneers - this chapter covers some of the pioneering spirits behind the early ideas for solving London's traffic problems, before the Underground, from the failures of George Shillibeer's Omnibus to Captain Bailey's Hackney Coaches. The Lines - full of interesting facts about each line of the London Underground, including information about the pioneers involved in working on each line. Financing the Underground - without the sometimes unconventional activities of financiers like Charles Yerkes, Sir Edgar Speyer and Whitaker Wright the early network would never have been built.This section fills you with facts about how it financially came together. Underground Management - from the mid-1970s the financial problems of the London Underground made its management easy prey for politicians and journalists. This section looks at the key figures who successfully and unsuccessfully managed the Underground. Trains and Tunnels - learn about the first steam locomotives from when the Metropolitan Railway opened in 1863, the advanced tunneling technology of the late nineteenth century, and the early electric railway. The Underground at War - the tunnels of the Underground network played a vital role in providing shelter for the hundreds of thousands of Londoners seeking safety from bombing raids. Underground Art, Architecture, Poetry and Maths - the Underground made (and continues to make) an important contribution to many aspects of British life. From Harry Beck's iconic map to Wordsworth and Betjeman's poetry on the Underground. Metroland and its Family - from the spectacular failure of the Watkin Tower to the peaceful Kingsbury Garden Village, find out about all of the Metroland architects and architecture.Accidents and Tragedies - the underground has accommodated fictional murders and the grimmer kind, as well as being the scene of terrible tragedy. Discover the fascinating facts behind wartime tragedies right up to modern day terrorism. Underground Curiosities - ghost stations, myths and legends of the Underground. Amazing & Extraordinary London Underground Facts tells this incredible story of grand and impractical visions, colourful characters and shady dealers, political wranglings and financial disasters. It glories in groundbreaking engineering and architecture, innovative art and inspired marketing. Full of fun trivia and fascinating facts, this is a book for anyone who's ever travelled on the tube - commuters, tourists and Londoners alike.
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The author of Londonopolis: A Curious History of London picks ten of its most unusual inhabitants, including including the real-life inspiration for a Bond villain, the artist that even Turner felt inferior to and the pattern-cutter who took the fashion world by storm.
Autumn's natural wonders, even in a city like London, can offer all manner of fun and adventure this half-term, suggests Laura from our Royal Festival Hall shop.
Christiana Spens, illustrator and Director of 3:AM Press, looks at the the important relationship between books and the artwork that adorns them.


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According to a recent report in the Greensboro (N.C) News & Record, Anne Winner, a former Bill Davis Racing employee, pleaded guilty earlier this week to six counts of embezzlement and one count of obtaining property under false pretenses while employed by BDR.
Winner was a business manager with BDR, an organization that fielded entries across NASCAR's three national series — Sprint Cup, Nationwide and Camping World Truck — through the 2008 race season.
Winner was sentenced four to five months in prison for one of the embezzlement counts and six-consecutive suspended sentences of six to eight months for the other charges. She was also ordered to pay Bill Davis Racing $100,000. According to the newspaper article, she has already paid $75,000 of that amount.
Follow Stock Car Spin on Twitter @SCSblog or like Stock Car Spin on Facebook. Amanda's also on Twitter @NASCARexaminer and has a fan/like page on Facebook: NASCAR Examiner
Tags: Bill Davis Racing NASCAR


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Ladakh, India's largest LS seat, votes Wednesday
The cold desert region of Ladakh, the largest Lok Sabha constituency in India in terms of area, and Baramulla in north Kashmir will elect their parliamentary representatives in the penultimate round of polling May 7.
In Ladakh, the Congress-National Conference alliance has fielded Tsering Samphal, a Ladakhi Buddhist. He is the alliance's official candidate, but Congress rebel Ghulam Raza is also in the fray. In the past, Ladakh has witnessed polarisation on religious lines between Buddhists and Muslims.
Buddhist voters have always viewed that their interests were safer with New Delhi than with leaders in Srinagar, while the Muslims, for religious reasons, are closer to people living in the Valley. Syed Kazim Sabri, a Muslim, is also fighting the election as an independent.
Qamar Ali Akhoon, advisor to the chief minister, and Feroz Khan, Minister for Science and Technology, are canvassing for Sabri.
The Bharatiya Janata Party has fielded Thupson Chewang, another Ladakhi Buddhist, who is being supported by Congress legislator from Leh and Urban Development Minister Nawang Rigzin Jora.
In 2009, the seat was won by Ghulam Hassan Khan, an independent who is not contesting this time.
Ladakh has four assembly segments - Kargil, Zanskar, Leh and Nobra - with around 159,000 voters.
Some of the world's most inaccessible inhabited places are situated in Ladakh. About half a dozen such places still cannot be reached by road.
The Election Commission will ferry poll staff and election material by air. Some polling stations here also have less than 90 voters.
In Baramulla, the main contest is between the National Conference and the Peoples Democratic Party, but people say two independent candidates in the fray could change the game.
National Conference's Sharief-ud-Shariq is seeking re-election, while former deputy chief minister and lawyer Muzaffar Hussain Baig of the PDP is challenging him.
Of the 15 assembly segments in the three districts of Baramulla, Kupwara and Bandipora, the National Conference has seven members, the PDP five, the Congress one and independents two.
The Peoples Conference led by Sajad Gani Lone has fielded Salamuddin Bajad from Baramulla, while independent legislator from Langate, Engineer Rashid is also in the fray.
Bajad is likely to get the votes of the tribal Gujjar community and also those from the supporters of Peoples Conference founder, the late Abdul Gani Lone.
Experts say if Bajad manages anything close to 50,000 votes, he may swing the electoral balance.
Baig - the sitting legislator from Baramulla - is depending largely on the anti-incumbency factor.
If the separatist boycott call affects the turnout in Baramulla, voters in border areas like Uri, Karnah, Gurez and Kupwara may decide the fate of the candidates.
National Conference leader Mustafa Kamal has already stirred the hornet's nest by saying that Congress supporters would vote against his party in Baramulla as they did in Srinagar and Anantnag.
Baramulla has 1.15 million voters.
(Posted on 06-05-2014)
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Andhra Pradesh assembly rejects Telangana bill
The Andhra Pradesh assembly, by a voice vote Thursday, rejected the Andhra Pradesh Reorganisation Bill 2013 on creating a separate Telangana state.
Amid protests by legislators from Telangana, Speaker N. Manohar announced that a resolution moved by Chief Minister N. Kiran Kumar Reddy for rejecting the bill was carried and adjourned the house sine-die.
The chief minister, in his resolution, has urged President Pranab Mukherjee not to refer the bill to parliament as it seeks to bifurcate the state without any reason and consensus and in utter disregard to linguistic and cultural homogeneity and economic and administrative viability.
The speaker also announced that he would be forwarding to the President the views expressed by 86 members who participated in the debate and also the written speeches submitted by other members.
Manohar said 9,072 amendments to the bill moved by the members would also form part of the official record.
The dramatic announcement by the speaker came after two adjournments since morning as legislators from Telangana stalled the proceedings demanding him to reject the notice given by the chief minister.
The President had referred the bill to the state legislature Dec 12 for its opinion under Article 3 of the Constitution. The bill was tabled Dec 16 but could not be taken up for debate for several days due to protests by Seemandhra lawmakers, opposing state's bifurcation
(Posted on 30-01-2014)
Information on States of India:
Andaman Nicobar | Andhra Pradesh | Arunachal Pradesh | Assam | Bihar | Chandigarh | Chhattisgarh | Dadar Nagar Haveli | Daman Diu | Delhi | Goa | Gujarat | Haryana | Himachal Pradesh | Jammu Kashmir | Jharkhand | Karnataka | Kerala | Lakshadweep | Madhya Pradesh | Maharashtra | Manipur | Meghalaya | Mizoram | Nagaland | Orissa | Pondicherry | Punjab | Rajasthan | Sikkim | Tamil Nadu | Tripura | Uttar Pradesh | Uttaranchal | West Bengal
Andhra Pradesh Travel Map | Bihar Travel Map | Goa Travel Map | Gujarat Travel Map | Haryana Travel Map | Himachal Pradesh Map | Karnataka Travel Map | Kerala Travel Map | Maharashtra Travel Map | Punjab Travel Map | Rajasthan Travel Map | Sikkim Travel Map | Tamil Nadu Travel Map | Uttar Pradesh Travel Map | West Bengal Travel Map |
Alappuzha | Ernakulam | Idukki | Kannur | Kasaragod | Kollam | Kottayam | Kozhikode | Malappuram | Palakkad | Pathanamthitta | Thiruvananthapuram | Thrissur | Wayanad |
Airports of India | Districts of India | India Pilgrim Centers | Tourism Map of India | National Highways in India | India Railway Routes |
Ahmadabad | Bangalore | Chennai | Coimbatore | Delhi | Hyderabad/Secunderabad | Kochi | Kolkata | Mumbai | Pondicherry | Pune | Surat |


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Windows Longhorn to make Graphics Cards more Important
CowboyNeal posted more than 9 years ago | from the eye-candy-overkill dept.714
Renegade334 writes "The Inquirer has a story about MS Longhorn and its need for better than entry level graphics cards. This is due to the WGF (Windows Graphics Foundation) which will merge 2D and 3D graphics operations in one, and 3D menus and interfaces that require atleast Shader 2.0 compliant cards. Supposedly it will really affect the performance of the new Microsoft OS." This has been noted before in the system requirements for Longhorn, but it would seem the full impact is slowly being realized.


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Aug 15, 2011, 02.44 PMby suechtique
just finished Gretchen's sewing class " sew Retro" . awesome! Loved it. I'll repeat again.
Mar 4, 2011, 12.10 AMby suechtique
need new sewing machine. only straight, ziczac stitch, my 30 year old bernina doesn't support my project enough anymore. but i still love you.
Mar 4, 2011, 12.07 AMby suechtique
I was knitting during winter and finished up 4 knitwears. knitting must go on but time for sewing too. started Kasia skirt finally.
Nov 5, 2010, 11.00 AMby suechtique
not enough fabric for front Jacket. what shall i do???
Nov 4, 2010, 12.38 PMby apfelbluete
Hallo Sue,
ich hab noch was gefunden,was bei deutschen sehr beliebt ist:
Nov 5, 2010, 10.54 AMby suechtique
Danke, Julia.
I have die photo angeschaut und finde schön.
Hast du plan diese jacke zum nähen?
Nov 5, 2010, 10.56 AMby apfelbluete
noch nicht,weil ich sehr viel vor habe.
aber ich habe jetzt walk für mich entdeckt!
ich finde diesen Stoff fantastisch für unser wetter!
Oct 13, 2010, 08.40 PMby maryrosemarsh
I love the looks of your dressmaker's form – did you order it online, by chance? I can't find anything pretty that's not beyond my means!
Oct 14, 2010, 06.44 AMby suechtique
Hi. I got her through Ebay.de
I have 2 dress form and i guess you mean this one.
It was hard to find my size and finally i won!!
I'm sure you can find your one if you search Ebay.com
Sep 26, 2010, 03.55 PMby dabura
thanks for favoring my project-"brown velvet skirt". Happy sewing.
Sep 25, 2010, 10.23 PMby suechtique
Knitting and crochet fever on me. can't stop DIY.
Sep 7, 2010, 01.15 PMby suechtique
waiting 4 patterns from Etsy shop……excited!!!!
Sep 6, 2010, 07.22 PMby suechtique
working on new project Burda 09/2010 122 gorgeous wool jersey dress. left only skirt hem line.
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Shop top selling silk patterns, just in time for Thursday's web seminar.
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Share your top fabric care tips for a chance to be in the magazine, and to get the issue for free!
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Here's your monthly fix of ebook price comparisons, compliments of the Douglas County (Colo.) Libraries Ebook Report.
OverDrive announced this week that Macmillan has lifted its restriction on licensing its ebooks to library consortia.
The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation seems to be getting out of the world of libraries, which is a shame.
It doesn't matter if a book is paper or pixels: Covers matter. We are drawn to images, and the brighter and more appealing the image, the more briskly the book circulates.
Read the Douglas County (Colo.) Libraries Ebook Report as a PDF file.
Every now and then someone publishes a link that should be slipped into every board packet in the nation.
Denver Public Library (DPL) has announced a new service called Volume. The product is intriguing: 37 albums of DRM-free downloadable or streamable music by Colorado artists.
Responding to four questions in Publishers Weekly August 13, mega-successful author Hugh Howey
There are a lot of interesting conflicts these days in the world of digital publishing. But here's one I didn't see coming: interspecies copyright disputes.
Douglas Preston, author of techno-thriller and horror novels, wrote a letter protesting the "thuggery" of Amazon against Hachette authors, and urging his fans to let Jeff Bezos know they were upset, too. The campaign has now attracted the support of many other authors, over 900 names big and small.
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Per Tim McManus of Birds 24/7, there is a 'chance' that the Eagles move up tonight to select UCLA linebacker Anthony Barr.
7:32: Talked to league source who predicted Anthony Barr will go somewhere between the 8-20 range, and said there is a chance the Eagles will move up to get him. Everything with a grain of salt, but if he gets beyond 15 or so, worth watching. — TM
Earlier this week, a few of our writers pinned Barr as their ideal pick for the Eagles at the 22nd slot.
Tags: Anthony Barr


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Dr. Suzanne Wright, MD
Pediatrics, Marshfield Clinic
- 1000 N Oak Ave
Marshfield, WI 54449
- 1 Office Location
- Email a Friend
- (715) 387-5511
Dr. Suzanne Wright has been practicing medicine for 22 years. Dr. Wright graduated from the Baylor College of Medicine in 1992. She practices medicine in Marshfield, WI and specializes in Pediatrics. Dr. Wright is affiliated with Ministry St Josephs Hospital and Ministry Saint Michaels Hospital. She speaks English, French, Chinese and Spanish.
Gender: Female
Years in Practice: 22 Years
Languages Spoken: English, French, Chinese, Spanish
Medical School: Baylor College of Medicine
Graduation Date: 1992
Hospital Affiliations: Ministry St Josephs Hospital, Ministry Saint Michaels Hospital
Specialties: Pediatrics
©2005-2014 WebMD, LLC. All rights reserved.
WebMD does not provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. See additional information.


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Goldstar Member's Event Journal
San Diego Bay Harbor Cruise
Tuesday June 9, 2009 / Various TimesSan Diego Bay Harbor Cruise
3 tickets
12:30pm - Full Bay Cruise
970 North Harbor Drive
San Diego, CA 92101
How was your experience?
My out of town guest really enjoyed this event. Its a very nice boat. I would recommended it to anyone.