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Church Audits
The church audit program serves members of congregations which support the school with at least $1200/year ($100/month). Members of these congregations may audit select courses each semester for $25 per course. That's right – any member of a supporting congregation can attend the same graduate courses as credit students and learn from world class professors for next to nothing!
What is an auditor?
An auditor takes a course, but does not receive credit. Some auditors will read all of the assigned texts and even take the exams, others will simply come to the class meetings to hear the lectures. Click here for registration information.
What courses are available?
HST offers a variety of courses in ministry and theology, and we try to make as wide a range as possible to our church auditors. These are the upcoming church audit courses. Click the course name for the syllabus (if available), and the professors name for information about the professor.
Fall 2014
Monday, 6-8:45 pm, August 18 – December 8.
This course provides an introduction to historical, biblical, and cultural aspects of worldwide evangelism, with the purposes of both preparing individuals for service as missionaries and assisting sending churches in their tasks. This includes a survey of principles, methods and practical aspects of developing and maintaining a missions ministry in a local church. Recommended especially for missions committee members.
Tuesday, 6:00 – 8:45, August 19 – December 9.
Throughout the centuries the Gospel of John has been the favorite Gospel for many Christians. It is often described as a stream a child can wade in and an ocean an elephant can swim in. Bring your (metaphorical) swimsuit for this in depth look at the deeps of John's great portrait of the Word who became flesh and dwelt among us. You will dive into the English text of the Gospel of John, and focus especially on major theological themes of John's account of Jesus' ministry and death.
How do I participate?
To help your congregation join this program, contact the Advancement Office at firstname.lastname@example.com or by calling 901-761-1355.
Click here to register for a course.


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Girl Scouting builds girls of courage, confidence and character, who make the world a better place. The Girl Scout Nut & Candy Sale helps girls develop 5 skills that they use throughout their lives: Goal Setting; Decision Making; Money Management; People Skills; and Business Ethics. Proceeds help your local Girl Scouts do big things! Girls set sales goals to support their chosen activities for the year: to fund community service and leadership projects, to attend summer camp, to travel to destinations near and far and to provide events for girls in their community. Council proceeds from this sale support the budgetary needs for maintaining our camp properties and buildings to the high standard our volunteers have come to expect in order to serve our girls. Thank you for helping today's girls become tomorrow's leaders!
September 15: order-taking starts
October 22-25: delivery of initial orders
November 3: reorder deadline
November 14-15: reorder delivery
December 1: sale ends
Booth Sale Locations List: this list gives you the places, dates & times for local Girl Scout troop booth sales for the 2013 Nut & Candy Sale (October 22-December 1).
Questions? Purchases?
If you have any questions about the Girl Scout Nut & Candy Sale or would like to purchase nuts & candy, please contact Arlene Wilhelm at firstname.lastname@example.com or 540.777.5105 or 1.800.542.5905, ext 105. We encourage you to purchase nuts & candy from your local Girl Scout whenever possible.
Nut & Candy Items
View nutritional information.

subset: commoncrawl


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So You Think You Can Dance
Spoiler Alert: The following reveals the winner of Wednesday night's So You Think You Can Dance finale.
After 20 finalists and eight weeks of competition, it was down to the final six to prove who deserved to win So You Think You Can Dance's title...
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Adam Shankman
Look out, Ellen DeGeneres: Adam Shankman is stealing your thunder. "We're going to have a third resident judge now. Adam Shankman is going to come and join us," So You Think You Can Dance judge Nigel Lythgoe told TVGuide.com. Shankman, a director (Hairspray, A Walk to Remember), producer (17 Again, Bedtime Stories) and choreographer, has been guest judging on So You Think You Can Dance since season 3. Back in June, Shankman kicked off a Twitter campaign asking fans for support to secure him a permanent spot at the judges' table.
Nigel Lythgoe invites Idol's Paula Abdul to Dance
What does this mean for Paula Abdul's chances of coming on the show?
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Mary Murphy
Fall means the start of a new TV season and for the first time ever, the start of a new season of So You Think You Can Dance. Just five weeks after wrapping up Season 5, Nigel Lythgoe, Mary Murphy & Co. are back Wednesday (8/7c, Fox) in search of Jeanine Mason's successor. "I think it's good for our fans that absolutely go through withdrawal and write me by the thousands: "Oh, I can't believe it's over! I can't wait 'til next summer,'" Murphy tells TVGuide.com. "So it's for those fans we're back and hopefully we'll pick up some new fans." And perhaps a new judge too in Paula Abdul? Get the latest from Murphy and see which familiar face will return.
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Mary Murphy and Nigel Lythgoe
It's that time again! So You Think You Can Dance premieres Thursday, May 21 (8 pm/ET, Fox) with a new crop of aspiring talent. Judges Mary Murphy and Nigel Lythgoe stopped by to chat with Matt Mitovich about what's new this season — including new styles from South Africa and Australia — and what they won't touch. Plus, Mary dishes on which audition city had the most beautiful pool of hopefuls, and which over-the-top auditioner is back again.
It's not quite time to get the ear plugs out yet: Mary Murphy won't be back to judge So You Think You Can Dance until May 2009. But, in the meantime, we caught up with the conductor of her own "hot tamale train" at the 2009 Dance auditions in Brooklyn, NY. There, Mary told TVGuide.com that she has really high hopes for the new season.
Read more and watch the video after the jump!
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So You Think You Can Dance by Kelsey McNeal/Fox
As we gear up for the biggest and truest reality extravaganza of the summer, the 2008 Olympics in Beijing, a few thoughts on my other favorite competition of TVs off-season: Foxs So You Think You Can Dance, which wrapped its fourth season Thursday night with a smashing display of dancing versatility, flexibility, passion and unabashed emotion that puts the summers other reality contests (including the cheesy-beyond-belief Americas Got Talent) to shame.Now this is how you produce a finale. First, reprise the greatest hits from the seasondid anyone else notice how many numbers Katee was asked to recreate, making me think she probably would have been the judges pick. She certainly was mine. Kudos for rewarding her a surprise $50,000 bonus for being the top-ranked female. (Making me even more OK with Joshua winning; that charmer was my runner-up.) The Bollywood number rocked. The pas de deux was near perfection. The door routine sizzled.Also enjoyed s...
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So You Think You Can Dance judge Mary Murphy on Monday night spoke with TVGuidecom about finale week the dancer who has surprised her most and much moreMore fresh Dance videos149 Dance Boss Nigel Judges the Final Four149 Cat Deeley Says Dance Champ Is a Very Close Callbull Dances Wade Robson Previews a Finale Surprise
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Mary Murphy weighs in (quietly!) on Dance's big twist, and gives Matt Mitovich her take on Jessica's injury. Will the former finalist be ready for the tour?
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Mary Murphy by Kelsey McNeal/Fox
She's known around the world for her laugh, but Mary Murphy's raucous antics belie an intensity of focus and passion that's easily missed behind her hollering. The So You Think You Can Dance judge is watching the show's hopefuls even more closely than her twice-weekly comments may reveal, plus she's got a few tricks up her sleeve beyond the Dance cameras. With a professional dance career behind her, a shrinking waistline thanks to her new Latin dance workout routine and a surge in her fame (or notoriety, depending on who you ask), Murphy may soon not only be calling the shots with her fellow judges, but also on movie sets, sit-coms and more.... And no, Hey, Mary is not in the works.
Speaking with TVGuide.com, Murphy opened up about what she sees not only in the future for SYTYCD's remaining dancers, but also fo
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For like a millisecond I thought SYTYCD was taking a break this week I think they did it last year and with Independence Day just around the corner I thought that might be the case this week Arent you glad this is on my season pass Well I dont have TiVo but its on the equivalent of my season pass And Im also glad each pair got to dance two styles tonight I always like it when they start mixing it upBut before we get to our lovely couples can I make some comments about Cats dress You know I love her Her hair Gorgeous Her makeup Loved it Her dress boo Actually I take that back It would have been perfect if those strange little bowties had been ripped off Cats stylist are you listeningAnd now Im ready to talk about the dancingJessica and WillFirst dance The Jive choreographed by Tony Meredith Melanie LaPatinTabitha Napoleon hereafter known as TN Great way to kick off tonights show Feels the fig
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Download the TV Guide app for iPhone, iPad and Android!


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Dr. Alan C. Hilgeman, MD
Internal Medicine, Froedtert Health Medical Group
- W180N8000 Town Hall Rd
Menomonee Falls, WI 53051
- 1 Office Location
- Email a Friend
- (262) 255-2500
Dr. Alan C. Hilgeman has been practicing medicine for 39 years. Dr. Hilgeman graduated from the Indiana University School of Medicine in 1975. He practices medicine in Menomonee Falls, WI and specializes in Internal Medicine and Rheumatology. Dr. Hilgeman is affiliated with Froedtert & The Medical College Of Wisconsin Community Memorial Hospital Campus and Froedtert Lutheran Hospital.
Gender: Male
Years in Practice: 39 Years
Languages Spoken: English
Medical School: Indiana University School of Medicine
Graduation Date: 1975
Hospital Affiliations: Froedtert & The Medical College Of Wisconsin Community Memorial Hospital Campus, Froedtert Lutheran Hospital
Specialties: Internal Medicine, Rheumatology
©2005-2014 WebMD, LLC. All rights reserved.
WebMD does not provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. See additional information.


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If you want to get close to your customers, an optimal mix of public social media and private online collaboration should be an essential part of your strategy.
Which gender is more reliant on their smartphone for holiday shopping? It depends.
Wilen New York releases a new real-time analytics tool at DMA2013 in Chicago that the direct marketing agency claims is like "a constant ear to the ground."
Sauza Tequila spread buzz about—and boost sales of—Sauza's new Sparkling Margarita product among its target female demographic. Sexy.
A study from the University of Utah's David Eccles School of Business indicates that movie studios are by and large doing an inefficient job with their marketing.
Leveraging Big Data for better prospecting and improved conversion rates.
The North Lake Tahoe Marketing Cooperative took a subtle approach to its advertising initiative this past winter.
As a nation obsessed with imparting big, bold monikers on everything, can we not do better than Generation Z for today's teens and tweens?
FreshDirect's Michael Kildale talks direct mail, demographics, and data analytics.
With celebrity guys hosting popular cooking, DIY, decorating, and landscaping shows, the stigma around "male domesticity" is changing—and marketers need to take notice.
Launched last December, the Marine's new YouTube channel, with its unique circular player, acts as a content hub for all things USMC.
More than half of seniors use the Internet, so the nonprofit is embracing video and social media to engage its digitally active members.
In marketing today it's not just who you know, it's what you know about them.
Nielsen NeuroFocus is entering its seventh year as a research center in the field of neuromarketing. Caroline Winnett, CMO of Nielsen NeuroFocus, discusses what marketers can learn from her department's research.
Direct marketing is often a demographics-centric science, but a new study from Catalina finds that demographic characteristics are not always strong indicators of a consumers' purchasing behavior.
Marketers who know customers' actions will have insight that demographics alone can't match.
DRTV no longer exists in a vacuum. The advent and wide usage of social media has seen to that — which means it's more important than ever for direct response TV marketers to integrate social media into their strategies. Our expert columnists weigh in.
Paul Notzold, group creative director, Aspen Marketing Services, a division of Epsilon on the unique connection between targeting and European cathedrals
Demographic marketing has long been the industry standard, but does it have a future? Andrew Bailey, chairman at Proximity North America; Michael Benedek, president and CEO of Datonics; Gary Reisman, principal and founder of NewMediaMetrics; and Liz Deutch, EVP, global director, customer engagement at Draftfcb, weigh in.
At Orbitz, targeting based on demographic and psychographic data is so refined that the company sends out campaigns to as little as 10 people.
Abercrombie & Fitch and American Eagle Outfitters use diverse direct marketing approaches to sell similarly priced apparel to teenagers and young adults.
Company of the week
Data Services, Inc. meets the needs of today's data-driven marketer by providing front-end database management and data analytics platforms alongside our expertise in global contact data quality, database building and ongoing maintenance that comes with our 45+ years in business.
Spectrum Spatial attempts to make the world a small marketplace for B2B and B2C companies alike.
Intent, which tells you who, how, and when to target, is a common thread on the customer journey.
It's been a bad year for TV service providers.


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Product Updates
Ultrapen Sets: MyronLMeters.com
Tweet Advanced Ultrapen features include automatic temperature compensation; highly stable microprocessor-based circuitry; user-intuitive design; and waterproof housing. A true one-handed instrument, the Ultrapens are easy to calibrate and easy to use. To take a measurement, you simply push a button then dip the pen in solution. Results display in seconds.This instrument […]
Advanced Ultrapen features include automatic temperature compensation; highly stable microprocessor-based circuitry; user-intuitive design; and waterproof housing. A true one-handed instrument, the Ultrapens are easy to calibrate and easy to use. To take a measurement, you simply push a button then dip the pen in solution. Results display in seconds.This instrument is designed to be extremely accurate, fast and simple to use in diverse water quality applications.
PoolPro PS9TKA: MyronLMeters.com
Tweet PoolPro gives you the most reliable, precise, affordable, multiparameter pool testing meter available for testing water quality in any pool or spa. Professional Analysis PoolPro is a comprehensive high performance tool designed to simplify pool and spa water quality control for the pool professional. Both PoolPro […]
PoolPro gives you the most reliable, precise, affordable, multiparameter pool testing meter available for testing water quality in any pool or spa.
Professional Analysis
PoolPro is a comprehensive high performance tool designed to simplify pool and spa water quality control for the pool professional. Both PoolPro models feature innovative user-friendly features and functions that make it easy to manage parameters critical to disinfection, water balance, system maintenance and compliance.
FAC Readings
The FCE function reports FAC quickly and accurately by measuring ORP, the chemical characteristic of chlorine that directly reflects its effectivity, cross referenced with pH. Both DPD kits and colorimeters may tell the user the FAC value of the sample in the test tube, but since the chemistry of that sample is quite different from the source water being analyzed, the results are imprecisely related to actual disinfection power. The FCE function measures the real, unaltered chemistry of source water, including moment-to-moment changes in that chemistry. FCE can be used for other types of oxidizing germicides and will track the effect of additives, such as cyanuric acid, that degrade chlorine effectivity without changing the actual concentration of free available chlorine present.
In-Cell Titration Functions
The PS9TKA adds the ability to perform in-cell conductometric titrations that provides a convenient way to determine alkalinity, hardness and LSI in the field. This eliminates the need to collect and transport samples to another location for analysis. User intuitive display prompts guide you through titration procedures from start to finish. All required reagents and equipment are included in the PS9 titration kit.
Water Balance Analysis
The PS9TKA features both an LSI Calculator and an LSI Titration measurement mode. The Calculator allows you to perform what-if scenarios to predict how changes in solution parameters would affect the water balance of a system. The titration measurement function allows you to accurately calculate a saturation index value of a specific solution to determine whether the solution is balanced, scaling or corrosive.
Hardness Unit Conversion
The Hardness and LSI Titrations and LSI Calculator functions allow you to set the hardness unit preference to either grains of hardness or ppm CaCO3 according to your needs.
System Validation & Calibration
Myron L's PoolPro provides a fast, precise, easy-to-use method of obtaining Oxidation Reduction Potential (ORP or REDOX) mV readings to check the true level of effectiveness of ALL sanitizers in any pool or spa. ORP objectively and precisely measures sanitizer ability to burn up, or oxidize, organic matter in the water. ORP can only be determined by an electronic instrument. PoolPro ORP mV readings serve as a necessary check to ensure automatic ORP control systems are working properly. PoolPro also provides independent readings for recalibration and to detect system failure.
Saltwater Chlorine Generation
PoolPro provides a convenient one-touch test for Mineral/Salt concentration. This is ideal for saltwater systems where manual testing with separate instrumentation is necessary to ensure the proper amount of sodium chloride is present for chlorine generation in quantities specified for microbial disinfection. PoolPro can also be used to recalibrate equipment as part of regular maintenance.
Wireless Benefits
The optional bluDock™ accessory package is an integrated data solution for your record keeping requirements, eliminating the need for additional hardware, wires and hassle. Because the user never touches the data, there is little opportunity for data tampering and human error. bluDock software has an easy to use interface with user intuitive functions for storing, sorting and exporting data.
PoolPro Advantages
PoolPro is lightweight, portable, buoyant, waterproof, easy-to-calibrate, and easy-to-use. Simply rinse and fill the cell cup by dipping the PoolPro in the water, then press the button of the parameter you wish to measure. You immediately get a standard, numerical digital readout — eliminating all subjectivity. And you can store up to 100 date-time-stamped readings in PoolPro's non-volatile memory.
Myron L Meters
PoolMeter™ is a high quality analog instrument that measures TDS/NaCl/ Salt. Myron L meters are so reliable, some have been in continuous use for over 45 years.
Reverse Osmosis and Removal of Minerals from Drinking Water: Myron L Meters
TweetMyron L Meters provides introductory as well as professional level material on water quality and water treatment. Did you know that Myron L Meters carries a meter specifically for testing RO systems (see below)? Water purification systems have purified brackish water and sea water for the military, businesses and farms in many different locations on […]
Myron L Meters provides introductory as well as professional level material on water quality and water treatment. Did you know that Myron L Meters carries a meter specifically for testing RO systems (see below)?
Water purification systems have purified brackish water and sea water for the military, businesses and farms in many different locations on planet Earth. Reverse osmosis water purification will create clean drinkable water when used on your drinking water.
Reverse osmosis will generally remove salt, manganese, iron, fluoride, lead, and calcium (Binnie et. al., 2002). Most mineral constituents of water are physically larger than water molecules and they are trapped by the semi-permeable membrane and removed from drinking water when filtered through an RO system (AllAboutWater.org, 2004). Meanwhile, consumers are concerned about the removal of minerals from their drinking water.
Reverse Osmosis (RO) removed 90-99.99% of all the contaminants including minerals from the drinking water supply (see Figure 1). RO removes minerals because they have larger molecules than water. The subject of minerals and RO created controversy and disagreement among water and health professionals. The World Health Organization (WHO) made clarification that majority of healthy minerals are needed for human body is from food or dietary supplementary sources and not from drinking tap water. In addition, minerals found in water can be harmful to human health. The evidence is strong that calcium and magnesium are essential elements for human body (WQA, 2011). However, its a weak argument to suggest that we should make up this deficiency through water consumption (WQA, 2011). Tap water presents a variety of inorganic minerals which the human body has difficulty absorbing (Misner, 2004). Their presence is suspect in a wide array of degenerative diseases, such as hardening of the arteries, arthritis, kidney stones, gall stones, glaucoma, cataracts, hearing loss, emphysema, diabetes, and obesity. What minerals are available, especially in "hard" tap water, are poorly absorbed, or rejected by cellular tissue sites, and, if not evacuated, their presence may cause arterial obstruction, and internal damage (Dennison, 193; Muehling, 1994; Banik, 1989).
Figure 1. Reverse Osmosis Membrane (Source:DOI-BUR, 2009)
Organic Minerals vs. Inorganic Minerals
There are two types of minerals in water, organic and inorganic. Human physiology has a biological affinity for organic minerals. Most organic minerals for our body functions come from dietary plant foods (Misner, 2004). A growing plant converts the inorganic minerals from the soils to a useful organic mineral (Misner, 2004). When an organic mineral (from a plant food) enters the stomach it must attach itself to a specific protein-molecule (chelation) in order to be absorbed, then it gains access to the tissue sites where it is needed (Misner, 2004). Once a plant mineral is divested within the body, it is utilized as a coenzyme for composing body fluids, forming blood and bone cells, and the maintaining of healthy nerve transmission (Balch & Balch 1990).
Reverse Osmosis has Little Effect on Water pH
Water pH levels will automatically change when water is ingested and comes into contact with the food in your stomach (Wise, 2011). Even on an empty stomach, your stomach acid alone is already several times more acidic than RO water (pH 6-8) with a pH level of 2 (Wise, 2011). The human body regulates pH levels constantly to find balance and equilibrium (see Figure 2). Therefore under normal conditions it will always maintain a neutral 7.4 pH balance (Wise, 2011). The healthy body is very robust and it will restore homeostatic pH fairly quickly and easily (Wise 2011). Soft drinks and sports drinks typically have a pH level of 2.5, orange juice has a 3 pH and coffee has a 4 pH level and we drink these beverages all the time without problems (Wise, 2011).
Figure 2. Comparison of pH Levels (Source: Wise, 2011)
Water filtered or treated by reverse osmosis is generally pure, clean, and healthy. A reverse osmosis treatment system is currently the only technology that can remove most of the emerging contaminants (i.e., prescription drugs and perchlorate) including other contaminants (i.e., arsenic, cyanide, and fluoride) that are difficult to remove by other treatment methods. No more ingesting of harmful inorganic minerals means the body will no longer be stressed with trying to absorb something that wasn't supposed to be there in the first place (Wise, 2011). Consumers should not be concerned about the removal of minerals by RO system. As the WHO (2009) and WQA (2011) pointed out, the human body obtains the vast majority of minerals from food or supplements, not from drinking water.
One of the downsides to the reverse osmosis process is that it is so effective in removing particles, it will also remove minerals from your water that may be beneficial. The body needs certain minerals, such as calcium and magnesium, to function properly. In addition, some people believe minerals such as this actually add flavor to the water, so that will be missing if you filter the water. Some find a certain acidic taste to water that has been purified by reverse osmosis. A reverse osmosis system also wastes a certain amount of water. For every gallon of purified water, three or four gallons have to be processed. If water is scarce or expensive in your area, this is a strong consideration.
The Myron L RO-1 was developed years ago specifically for Culligan, and is designed for testing RO systems.
RO-1 Meter
The choice of professionals for years, this compact instrument has been designed specifically to demonstrate and test Point of Use (POU) reverse osmosis or distillation systems. By measuring electrical conductivity, it will quickly determine the parts per million/Total Dissolved Solids (ppm/TDS) of any drinking water.
With a single 'before and after' test, this handy device effectively demonstrates how your RO or distillation system eliminates harmful dissolved solids. It will also service test systems, including membrane evaluation programs. Find out more about the RO-1 meter HERE.
The Ultrameter III 9PTKA: MyronLMeters.com
Tweet Myron l Meters Ultrameter III 9PTKA from Myron L Meters
The Ultrameter II 6P: MyronLMeters.com
Tweet Myron l Meters Ultrameter II 6p from Myron L Meters
The Ultrameter II 4P: MyronLMeters.com
The Ultrapen PT-3: MyronLMeters.com
Tweet Myron l Meters Ultrapen PT-3 from Myron L Meters
The Ultrapen PT-2: MyronLMeters.com
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New MyronLMeters.com SlideShare: The Ultrapen PT-1
Tweet Myron l Meters Ultrapen PT-1 from Myron L Meters
Application Bulletin: POOL & SPA Water – MyronLMeters.com
Tweet Anyone responsible for operating and maintaining a swimming pool or spa has to test, monitor, and control complex, interdependent chemical factors that affect the quality of water. Additionally, aquatic facilities operators must be familiar with all laws, regulations, and guidelines governing what these parameters should be. […]
Anyone responsible for operating and maintaining a swimming pool or spa has to test, monitor, and control complex, interdependent chemical factors that affect the quality of water. Additionally, aquatic facilities operators must be familiar with all laws, regulations, and guidelines governing what these parameters should be.
Why? Because the worst breeding ground for any kind of microorganism is a warm (enough) stagnant pool of water. People plus stagnant water equals morbid illness. That's why pools have to be circulated, filtered, and sanitized – with any number of chemicals or methods, but most frequently with chlorine compounds. However, adding chemicals that kill the bad microorganisms can also make the water uncomfortable, and in some cases unsafe, for swimmers. Additionally, if all the chemical factors of the water are not controlled, the very structures and equipment that hold the water and keep it clean are ruined.
So the pool professional must perform a delicate balancing act with all the factors that affect both the health and comfort of bathers and the equipment and structures that support this. Both water balance – or mineral saturation control – and sanitizer levels must constantly be maintained. This is achieved by measuring pertinent water quality factors and adding chemicals or water to keep the factors within acceptable parameters.
Water is constantly changing. Anything and everything directly and indirectly affects the relationship of its chemical parameters to each other: sunlight, wind, rain, oil, dirt, cosmetics, other bodily wastes, and any chemicals you add to it. Balanced water not only keeps swimmers comfortable, but also protects the pool shell, plumbing, and all other related equipment from damage by etching or build-up and stains.
The pool professional is already well acquainted with pH, Total Alkalinity (TA), and Calcium Hardness (CH); along with Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) and Temperature, these are the factors that influence water balance. Water that is in balance is neither aggressive nor oversaturated. Aggressive water lacks sufficient calcium to saturate the water, so it is hungry for more. It will eat anything it comes into contact with to fill its need, including the walls of your pool or spa or the equipment it touches. Over-saturated water cannot hold any more minerals, so dissolved minerals come out of solution and form scale on pool and equipment surfaces.
The pH of pool water is critical to the effectiveness of the sanitizer as well as the water balance. pH is determined by the concentration of Hydrogen ions in a specific volume of water. It is measured on a scale of 0-14, 0-7 being acidic and 7-14 being basic.
You must maintain the pH of the water at a level that assures the sanitizer works effectively and at the same time protects the pool shell and equipment from corrosion or scaling and the bathers from discomfort or irritation. If the pH is too high, the water is out of balance, and the sanitizer's ability to work decreases. More and more sanitizer is then needed to maintain the proper level to kill off germs. Additionally, pH profoundly affects what and how much chemical must be added to control the balance. A pH of between 7.2 – 7.6 is desirable in most cases.*
As one of the most important pool water balance and sanitation factors, pH should be checked hourly in most commercial pools.* Even if you have an automatic chemical monitor/controller on your system, you need to double- check its readings with an independent pH test. With salt- water pools, pH level goes up fast, so you need to check it more often. Tests are available that require reagents and subjective evaluation of color depth and hue to judge their pH. But different users interpret these tests differently, and results can vary wildly. The PooLPRo and ULTRAPEN PT2 give instant lab-accurate, precise, easy-to-use, objective pH measurements, invaluable in correctly determining what and how much chemical to add to maintain water balance and effective sanitizer residuals.
Total Alkalinity (TA) is the sum of all the alkaline minerals in the water, primarily in bicarbonate form in swimming pools, but also as sodium, calcium, magnesium, and potassium carbonates and hydroxides, and affects pH directly through buffering. The greater the Total Alkalinity, the more stable the pH. In general, TA should be maintained at 80 – 120 parts per million (ppm) for concrete pools to keep the pH stable.* Maintaining a low TA not only causes pH bounce, but also corrosion and staining of pool walls and eye irritation. Maintaining a high TA causes overstabilization of the water, creating high acid demands, formation of bicarbonate scale, and may result in the formation of white carbonate particles (suspended solids), which clouds the water. Reducing TA requires huge amounts of effort. So the best solution to TA problems is prevention through close monitoring and controlling. The PoolPro PS9 Titration Kit features an in-cell conductometric titration for determining alkalinity.
Calcium Hardness (CH) is the other water balance parameter pool professionals are most familiar with. CH represents the calcium content of the water and is measured in parts per million. Low CH combined with a low pH and low TA significantly increases corrosivity of water. Under these conditions, the solubility of calcium carbonate also increases. Because calcium carbonate is a major component of both plaster and marcite, these types of pool finishes will deteriorate quickly. Low CH also leads to corrosion of metal components in the pool plant, particularly in heat exchangers. Calcium carbonate usually provides a protective film on the surface of copper heat exchangers and heat sinks, but does not adversely affect the heating process. Without this protective layer, heat exchangers and associated parts can be destroyed prematurely. At the other extreme, high CH can lead to the precipitation of calcium carbonate from solution, resulting in cloudy water, the staining of structures and scaling of equipment. The recommended range for most pools is 200 – 400 ppm.* Calcium hardness should be tested at least monthly. The PoolPro PS9 Titration Kit features an in-cell conductometric titration for determining hardness.
Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) is the sum of all solids dissolved in water. If all the water in a swimming pool was allowed to evaporate, TDS would be what was left on the bottom of the pool – like the white deposits left in a boiling pot after all the water has evaporated. Some of this dissolved material includes hardness, alkalinity, cyanuric acid, chlorides, bromides, and algaecides. TDS also includes bather wastes, such as perspiration, urine, and others. TDS is often confused with Total Suspended Solids (TSS). But TDS has no bearing on the turbidity, or cloudiness, of the water, as all the solids are truly in solution. It is TSS, or undissolved, suspended solids, present in or that precipitate out of the water that make the water cloudy.
High TDS levels do affect chlorine efficiency, algae growth, and aggressive water, but only minimally. TDS levels have the greatest bearing on bather comfort and water taste – a critical concern for commercial pool operators. At levels of over 5,000 ppm, people can taste it. At over 10,000 ppm bather towels are scratchy and mineral salts accumulate around the pool and equipment. Still some seawater pools comfortably operate with TDS levels of 32,000 ppm or more.
As methods of sanitization have changed, high TDS levels have become more and more of a problem. The best course of action is to monitor and control TDS by measuring levels and periodically draining and replacing some of your mature water with new, lower TDS tap water. This is a better option than waiting until you must drain and refill your pool, which is not allowed in some areas where water conservation is required by law. However, you can also decrease TDS with desalinization equipment as long as you compensate with Calcium Hardness. (Do not adjust water balance by moving pH beyond 7.8.)*
Regardless, you do need to measure and compensate for TDS to get the most precise saturation index and adjust your pH and Calcium Hardness levels accordingly. It is generally recommended that you adjust for TDS levels by subtracting one tenth of a saturation index unit (.1) for every 1,000 ppm TDS over 1,000 to keep your water properly balanced. When TDS levels exceed 5,000 ppm, it is recommended that you subtract half of a tenth, or one twentieth of unit (.05) per 1,000 ppm.* And as the TDS approaches that of seawater, the effect is negligible.
Hot tubs and spas have a more significant problem with TDS levels than pools. Because the bather load is relatively higher, more chemicals are added for superchlorination and sudsing along with a higher concentration of bather wastes. The increased electrical conductance that high TDS water promotes can also result in electrolysis or galvanic corrosion. Every hot water pool operator should consider a TDS analyzer as a standard piece of equipment.
A TDS analyzer is required to balance the water of any pool or spa in the most precise way. PoolPro, PoolMeter and ULTRAPEN PT1 instantly display accurate TDS levels giving you the information you need to take corrective action before TDS gets out of hand.
Temperature is the last and least significant factor in maintaining water balance. As temperature increases, the water balance tends to become more basic and scale- producing. Calcium carbonate becomes less soluble, causing it to precipitate out of solution. As temperature drops, water becomes more corrosive.
In addition to helping determine water balance, temperature also affects bather comfort, evaporation, chlorination, and algae growth (warmer temperatures encourage growth). Myron L's PooLPRo also precisely measures temperature to one tenth of a degree at the same time any other parameter is measured.
In the pool and spa industry water balance is calculated using the Langelier Saturation Index (LSI) formula:
SI = (pH + TF + CF + AF ) – 12.1
PH = pH value
TF = 0.0117 x Temperature value – 0.4116 CF = 0.4341 x ln(Hardness value) – 0.3926 AF = 0.4341 x ln(Alkalinity value) – 0.0074
The following is a general industry guideline for interpreting LSI values:
• An index between -0.5 and +0.5 is acceptable pool water.
- An index of more than +0.5 is scale-forming.
- An index below -0.5 is corrosive.
pH, Total Alkalinity, and Calcium Hardness are the largest contributors to water balance. Pool water will often be balanced if these factors are kept within the recommended ranges.
The PoolPro PS9 Titration Kit features an LSI function that steps you through alkalinity & hardness titrations and pH & temperature measurements to quickly and accurately determine LSI. An LSI calculator allows you to manipulate pH, alkalinity, hardness and temperature values in the equation to determine water balance adjustments on the spot.
The most immediate concern of anyone monitoring and maintaining a pool is the effectiveness of the sanitizer – the germ-killer. There are many types of sanitizers, the most common being chlorine in swimming pools and bromine in hot tubs and spas. The effectiveness of the sanitizer is directly related to the pH and, to a lesser degree, the other factors influencing water balance.
To have true chemical control, you need to monitor both the sanitizer residual and the pH and use that information to chemically treat the water. To check chlorine residual, free chlorine measurements are made. For automatic chlorine dosing systems, ORP must also be monitored to ensure proper functioning.
Free Chlorine is the amount of chlorine available as hypochlorous acid (HOCl-) and hypochlorite ion (OCl-), the concentrations of which are directly dependent on pH and temperature. pH is maintained at the level of greatest concentration of HOCl- because hypochlorous acid is a much more powerful sanitizer than hypochlorite ion. Free chlorine testing is usually required before and after opening of commercial pools. Samples should be taken at various locations to ensure even distribution. Residual levels are generally kept between 1-2 mg/L or ppm.* PooLPRo V.4.03 and later features the ability to measure ppm free chlorine in pools and spas sanitized by chlorine only. With this feature PoolPro can measure a dynamic range of chlorine concentrations wider than that of a colorimetric test kit with a greater degree of accuracy.
ORP stands for Oxidation Reduction Potential (or REDOX ) of the water and is measured in millivolts (mV). The higher the ORP, the greater the killing power of all sanitizers, not just free chlorine, in the water. ORP is the only practical method available to monitor sanitizer effectiveness. Thus, every true system of automatic chemical control depends on ORP to work.
The required ORP for disinfection will vary slightly between disinfecting systems and is also dependent on the basic water supply potential, which must be assessed and taken into account when the control system is initialized. 650 mV to 700 – 750 mV is generally considered ideal.*
Electronic controllers can be inaccurate and inconsistent when confronted with certain unique water qualities, so it is critical to perform manual testing with separate instrumentation. For automatic control dosing, it is generally recommended that you manually test pH and ORP prior to opening and then once during the day to confirm automatic readings.*
Samples for confirming automatic control dosing should be taken from a sample tap strategically located on the return line as close as possible to the probes in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions. If manual and automatic readings consistently move further apart or closer together, you should investigate the reason for the difference.*
ORP readings can only be obtained with an electronic instrument. PoolPro provides the fastest, most precise, easy-to-use method of obtaining ORP readings to check the effectiveness of the sanitizer in any pool or spa. This is the best way to determine how safe your water is at any given moment.
A relatively new development, saltwater pools use regular salt, sodium chloride, to form chlorine with an electrical current much in the same way liquid bleach is made. As chlorine – the sanitizer – is made from the salt in the water, it is critical to maintain the salt concentration at the appropriate levels to produce an adequate level of sanitizer. It is even more important to test water parameters frequently in these types of pools and spas, as saltwater does not have the ability to respond adequately to shock loadings (superchlorination treatments).
Most saltwater chlorinators require a 2,500 – 3,000 ppm salt concentration in the water (though some may require as high as 5,000-7,000 ppm).* This can barely be tasted, but provides enough salt for the system to produce the chlorine needed to sanitize the water.
(It is important to have a good stabilizer level – 30 – 50 ppm* – in the pool, or the sunlight will burn up the chlorine. Without it, the saltwater system may not be able to keep up with the demand regardless of salt concentration.)
Taste and salt shortages are of little concern to seawater systems that maintain an average of 32,000 ppm. In these high-salt environments, you need to beware of corrosion to system components that can distort salt level and other parameter readings.
Additionally, incorrect salt concentration readings can occur in any saltwater system. The monitoring/controlling components can and do fail or become scaled— sometimes giving a false low salt reading. Thus, you must test manually for salt concentration with separate instrumentation before adding salt.
You must also test salt concentration manually with separate instrumentation to re-calibrate your system. This is critical to system functioning and production of required chlorine. Both the PoolPro and PT1 conveniently test for salt concentration at the press of a button as a check against automatic controller systems that may have disabled equipment or need to be re-calibrated.
Though no one instrument or method can be used to determine ALL of the factors that affect the comfort and sanitation of pool and spa water, PoolPro is a comprehensive water testing instrument that is reliable durable, easy-to-use and easy-to-maintain and calibrate. As a pool professional, a PoolPro will not only simplify your life, it will save you time and money.
Data handling should be done objectively, and data recorded in a common format in the most accurate way. Also, data should be stored in more than one permanent location and made available for future analysis. Most municipalities require commercial aquatic facilities to keep permanent records on site and available for inspection at any time.
PoolPro makes it easy to comply with record keeping requirements. The PoolPro is an objective means to test free chlorine, ORP, pH, TDS, temperature and the mineral/salt content of any pool or spa. You just rinse and fill the cell cup by submerging the waterproof unit and press the button of the parameter you wish to measure. You immediately get a standard, numerical digital readout – no interpretation required – eliminating all subjectivity. And model PS9TK features the added ability to perform in-cell conductometric titrations for Alkalinity, Hardness and LSI on the spot. Up to 100 date-time-stamped readings can be stored in memory and then later transferred directly to a computer wirelessly using the bluDock™ accessory package. Simply pair the bluDock with your computer, then open the U2CI software application to download data. The user never touches the data, reducing the potential for human error in transcription. The data can then be imported into any program necessary for record-keeping and analysis. The bluDock is a quick and easy way to keep records that comply with governing standards.*
*Consult your governing bodies for specific testing, chemical concentrations, and all other guidelines and requirements. The ranges and methods suggested here are meant as general examples.
Save 10% when you order online here at MyronLMeters.com.


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Sign up for Yardbarker's daily Top 10 newsletter, the Morning Bark! Customize to get news on your favorite sports and teams.
Doctor is thankful for 5th season with the Beavers
CORVALLIS, Ore. (AP) Oregon State linebacker Michael Doctor is grateful for a second chance after a fractured left ankle sidelined him for most of last season. This spring the Pac-12 granted Doctor another year of eligibility because of a medical hardship. He's making the most of his return, setting his sights on leading a talented group of linebackers for this season. At 23...
Via AP on Fox
August 15, 2014 | Discuss
What we've learned from spring: OSU LBs
CORVALLIS – Depth was not an issue for the Oregon State linebacker platoon this spring. It goes without saying that Michael Doctor and D.J. Alexander are the big kahunas, but where do some of the younger guys fit in? And is there a clear-cut favorite at the middle linebacker position?
Via oregonstate.scout.com
May 03, 2013 | Discuss
OSU SPRING PREVIEW: The Linebackers
CORVALLIS -- Oregon State marches into spring ball with two linebacker spots comfortably filled by D.J. Alexander and Michael Doctor - veterans of the Beavs impressive 9-4 run in 2012. Depth? Not much of a concern here. But in light of that silly little thing called graduation, Feti Unga left the MIK spot wide open for 2013 – or did he?
Via oregonstate.scout.com
March 06, 2013 | Discuss
VIDEO: "We wanted to stop the run first"
LB MICHAEL DOCTOR talks with ESPN.com's Kevin Gemmell after Oregon State's win in Pasadena.
Via oregonstate.scout.com
September 22, 2012 | Discuss
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10 Things You Have to Do This Weekend
Thu 6/5 – Fri 6/6
"Spinning Yarns"
Morgan Konn, Christina, Undergraduate Student, Art (from Her House, Her Clothes)
Whether building on fact or fiction, the artists wrapped up in "Spinning Yarns: Photographic Storytellers" present visual dialogues curators Anne Leighton Massoni and Libby Rowe admit present "more questions than answers." Supported by the Kendall College of Art and Design and Monmouth University, the traveling show comprises 64 works representing photographers from across the US as well as India and the UK.
Taking over Blue Star's main gallery throughout the summer, "Spinning Yarns" opens concurrently with Austin-based Virginia Fleck's "Mixed Mantras" (a series of large-scale mandalas collaged from upcycled plastic bags, above) and Dallas-based Gabriel Dawe's "Plexus no. 26," a site-specific installation that employs thread to explore fashion, architecture, gender and identity (below). Free, 6-9pm Thursday-Friday, Blue Star Contemporary Art Museum, 116 Blue Star, (210) 227-6960, bluestarart.org. —Bryan Rindfuss


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Michele Malkin has just written a column in which she attempts to expose Donald Trump as a faux conservative. "The Donald," Malkin writes, has long abused the law of "eminent domain" for his own material self-interests. She insists that in using government to confiscate the private holdings of others, Trump reveals an insufficient respect for private property rights and "Constitutional principles."
Should a child be forced to attend a public school that will turn him into a functional illiterate? Because no public school will guarantee that a child will be taught to read in a manner that will help him achieve high literacy, why should a parent send a child to that kind of school? Indeed, why should compulsory school attendance laws force parents to do something that will harm their children?
Smugglers as HeroesWritten by Walter Williams
Smugglers are heroes of sorts. The essence of what a smuggler offers is: "Government tyrants want to either prevent or interfere with peaceable voluntary exchange among individuals. I can reduce the impact of that interference." Let's look at smuggling, keeping in mind that not everything illegal is immoral and not everything legal is moral.
Walter Williams fans are in for a treat — and people who are not Walter Williams fans are in for a shock — when they read his latest book, Race and Economics.
Authoritarianism by AnecdoteWritten by Becky Akers
In our post-Constitutional police-state, rulers often pass laws and regulations according to the following formula: someone suffers, whether from a genuine tragedy or mere inconvenience; said victim bewails his pain while demanding more laws to save the rest of us from his particular agony, however unusual its cause; the corporate media amplifies his screams while praising his "courage"; and presto, politicians pretend to solve the problem as they gain more control over our lives.


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The desired outcome of transformation is a high-performing tax department. A high-performing tax department spends less time and resources on tax compliance, planning, reporting, and risk management, thereby creating more time to deliver more value to the broader organization. Becoming a high-performing tax department is essential to sustainable tax department transformation. Are you ready to go beyond incremental change, and get ahead of the trends shaping Tax today?
As a leading tax advisory firm, Deloitte can work with you to navigate the changes transforming your world – changes you see today and changes in store for tomorrow. We start by helping you analyze your organization's strengths and defining a future state that's right for your company, then we help you to plan and implement transformational change to facilitate high-performance of the tax department in four categories; tax data management, process improvement, automation and tax alignment, and organization and skills enhancement.
Learn more about transformation by exploring our featured insights below.
As used in this document, "Deloitte" means Deloitte Tax LLP, a subsidiary of Deloitte LLP. Please see www.deloitte.com/us/about for a detailed description of the legal structure of Deloitte LLP and its subsidiaries. Certain services may not be available to attest clients under the rules and regulations of public accounting.


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Sfuzzi in Las Colinas to Change Name and Menu in May
The owners of Sfuzzi in Las Colinas are going to change the name and the menu at the popular restaurant. One has to wonder why.Full Story
The owners of Sfuzzi in Las Colinas are going to change the name and the menu at the popular restaurant. One has to wonder why.Full Story
Here are the most-popular posts on SideDish in 2013. It's a surprising list.Full Story
Sfuzzi Uptown will close its location in Uptown tomorrow evening.Full Story
Primo's, the popular Tex-Mex spot on McKinney, closed abruptly on Saturday. Employees showed up and found a sign on the door noting the restaurant was closed and thanking the patrons for 28 years patio fun and margaritas. The plot thickens.Full Story
Ever since I wrote The Saga Of Las Colinas Prime in June 2009, and several other reports detailing the shady shenanigans of restaurant operators Michael Costa and Bill McCrorey, I have been contacted by disgruntled employees, vendors, landlords, customers, and former partners. Most recently, complaints and concerns about Bill McCrorey resurfaced after a deal he made […]Full Story
Early this morning, I received a note that read: "Mi Piaci locked out. Sued by landlord." I called the restaurant a little before noon and asked to speak to owner Brian Black. The nice man on the phone said Mr. Black was out of town. I asked to be forwarded to his voice mail. Instead, […]Full Story


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Interview: Michael Aloisi (THE KILLER & I: A REALITY SERIES with Kane Hodder)
October 18th, 2014
Interviewed by: Janel Spiegel
Interview: Michael Ironside (Extraterrestrial)
October 16th, 2014
Interviewed by: The Black Saint
The Story of Ox Baker, From Escape From New York to Pinwheel
October 15th, 2014
Interviewed by: Mike Joy
Book Review: Dark Frequencies - Author Timothy Lee Frasier
October 23rd, 2014
Reviewed by: Todd Martin
Category: Book Reviews
Book Review: Travelogue of Horror - Author Tony Urban
October 22nd, 2014
Reviewed by: Horrornews.net
Category: Book Reviews
Book Review: Crime Seen - Author Michaelbrent Collings
October 20th, 2014
Reviewed by: Dave Gammon
Category: Book Reviews
Film Review: The Corn Stalker (2002)
SYNOPSIS: There is something loose in the cornfields of Boonsboro. Something evil….For two myth hunters looking to write a book on local legends, a vengeful bounty hunter looking for his missing sister, and a lost DJ, this evil is all to real. In the form of a masked killer. The Corn Stalker pays homage to the grindhouse days of 80's slashers and brings cheesy horror to its audience. REVIEW: The Corn Stalker you say? Well … Continue reading


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[title]'alison Angel'[/title]


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Its almost a month since I promised Heikki Tuuri to answer Innodb Questions. Heikki is a busy man so I got answers to only some of the questions but as people still poking me about this I decided to publish the answers I have so far. Plus we may get some interesting follow up questions […]
Heikki Tuuri Innodb answers – Part I
InnoDB vs MyISAM vs Falcon benchmarks – part 1
Several days ago MySQL AB made new storage engine Falcon available for wide auditory. We cannot miss this event and executed several benchmarks to see how Falcon performs in comparison to InnoDB and MyISAM. The second goal of benchmark was a popular myth that MyISAM is faster than InnoDB in reads, as InnoDB is transactional, […]
Long PRIMARY KEY for Innodb tables
I've written and spoke a lot about using short PRIMARY KEYs with Innodb tables due to the fact all other key will refer to the rows by primary key. I also recommended to use sequential primary keys so you do not end up having random primary key BTREE updates which can be very expensive. Today […]
To pack or not to pack – MyISAM Key compression
MyISAM storage engine has key compression which makes its indexes much smaller, allowing better fit in caches and so improving performance dramatically. Actually packed indexes not a bit longer rows is frequent reason of MyISAM performing better than Innodb. In this article I'll get in a bit more details about packed keys and performance implications […]
My Innodb Feature wishes
At Users Conference Heikki did good presentation about Innodb planned features. I did not see some of big and tiny wishes listed so I was making notes. Here is what I'd like to see Packed indexes. In many cases then difference in Performace with MyISAM and Innodb is huge for read only workload it is […]
utf8 data on latin1 tables: converting to utf8 without downtime or double encoding
Here's a problem some or most of us have encountered. You have a latin1 table defined like below, and your application is storing utf8 data to the column on a latin1 connection. Obviously, double encoding occurs. Now your development team decided to use utf8 everywhere, but during the process you can only have as little […]
Announcing Percona XtraDB Cluster 5.5.29-23.7.1
Percona is glad to announce the release of Percona XtraDB Cluster on January 30th, 2013. Binaries are available from downloads area or from our software repositories. Bugs fixed: In some cases when node is recovered variable threads_running would become huge. Bug fixed #1040108 (Teemu Ollakka). Variable wsrep_defaults_file would be set up to the value in […]
Recovering from a bad UPDATE statement
Did you just run an UPDATE against your 10 million row users table without a WHERE clause? Did you know that in MySQL 5.5 that sometimes you can recover from a bad UPDATE statement? This is possible if you are running in binlog_format=ROW ! Imagine this scenario:
CREATE TABLE `t1` (
`c1` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`c2` varchar(10) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`c1`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB;
INSERT INTO `t1` (`c2`) VALUES ('michael'), ('peter'), ('aamina');
We run an accidental UPDATE statement that […]
Full Text Search Webinar Questions Followup
I presented a webinar this week to give an overview of several Full Text Search solutions and compare their performance. Even if you missed the webinar, you can register for it, and you'll be emailed a link to the recording. During my webinar, a number of attendees asked some good questions. Here are their questions and my […]
Recovery after DROP & CREATE
In a very popular data loss scenario a table is dropped and empty one is created with the same name. This is because mysqldump in many cases generates the "DROP TABLE" instruction before the "CREATE TABLE":
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `actor`;
/*!40101 SET @saved_cs_client = @@character_set_client */;
/*!40101 SET character_set_client = utf8 */;
CREATE TABLE `actor` (
`actor_id` smallint(5) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`first_name` varchar(45) NOT NULL,
`last_name` varchar(45) NOT NULL,
`last_update` timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
PRIMARY KEY (`actor_id`),
KEY `idx_actor_last_name` (`last_name`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=201 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
/*!40101 SET character_set_client = @saved_cs_client */;
If there were no subsequent CREATE TABLE the recovery would be trivial. Index_id of the PRIMARY index of […]