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Trail dogs really do work like dogs, cutting back brush, sawing through trees and rebuilding rough paths in heat, sleet and thunderstorms. They wolf down dinner after a day spent building bridges, managing pack mules or removing invasive weeds from some high-mountain meadow. Like a canine pack, a crew bonds together, building camaraderie and mutual trust.
But that's where the analogy ends, because working on a trail crew is more than an outdoor experience that builds muscle and confidence. It gives young people an opportunity to get out on our nation's forests, grasslands and parks and develop a commitment to service as well as a deep love for our public land. It's like a boot camp that churns out lifelong conservationists. At least that's what happened to me.
That's why the decline of this dignified trade is so troubling. Trail dogs everywhere face a steep reduction in public support for their work, as across the country, land-management agencies continue to slash budgets for recreation and trail maintenance programs.
The Forest Service, which manages more trails than any other agency, is currently burdened with more than $500 million in backlogged maintenance costs for its trail system. The hemorrhage of resources that has caused such neglect shows no sign of abating. In 1980, reports The Wilderness Society, the Forest Service budget allotted $793 for every trail mile on its system. Today, that amount has fallen to about $540.
The agency's Northern Region, where I worked for three years, is a good place to take a closer look at the problem. I talked to one trail dog there, a 23-year veteran on Montana's Bitterroot National Forest, who said, "We don't have enough money to do the job. It's not even close."
Garry Edson, the region's trails coordinator, described his program's grim financial reality. His trail budget, he says, has decreased by 18 percent in four years, from $10.5 million in 2011, to $8.6 million in 2014. As a result, the region maintains only about one-third of the 28,000 miles of trail for which it is responsible. Without volunteer help from nonprofit groups, it wouldn't be able to do even that.
All this is largely the result of the austerity craze in Washington, D.C., where politicians love to heap scorn on public services like trails maintenance. But it's also due to the fact that an ever-growing portion of the Forest Service budget goes toward fighting wildfires.
"When I started in the agency, fire was about one-third of the budget, says Edson, "and now it is nearly half of the budget. That money has come out of someone's hide, and it comes out of these other areas."
The Forest Service released a report this August that pinned the blame for its declining trail budget on its fire-suppression crusade. The report noted that the number of firefighting personnel --12,000 people -- now exceeds the number of land managers employed on our national forests -- 11,000 people. When people call the agency the Fire Service, they are only half joking.
What does this mean for trail workers and trail users? It means that many ranger districts have stopped fielding trail crews altogether. It means there are fewer access points to the public lands, fewer trails from which to hunt or fish, and fewer opportunities to take a horseback ride or an ATV adventure in the national forest. It means that more sediment is washing off old eroded trails and into pristine streams. And it means there are fewer job opportunities for young outdoor enthusiasts who want to be a part of our country's magnificent public-lands legacy.
The agency's acceptance of this trend is a breach of public trust. It's a betrayal of the conservationists -- most notably members of the Civilian Conservation Corps and their trail-dog descendants -- who labored over generations to ensure public access to the public lands. It also shows heedless disregard for the 313 million Americans and counting who increasingly rely on our trail system for affordable recreation.
The Forest Service needs to resist its drift toward neglect and urge Congress to put a little balance back in the agency's budget. And maybe it's time for trail dogs to show their teeth and start howling until our public lands get the respect and care they deserve.
Jimmy Tobias is a contributor to Writers on the Range, a column service of High Country News. He is a freelance journalist and former trail worker with the Forest Service.]]>
The compilation from Real Clear Politics tells the story in its map, showing Republicans ahead in Alaska, Arkansas, Colorado, Iowa, Louisiana, Montana, South Dakota and West Virginia. Subtract Kansas and that leaves seven, one more than what's needed for Mitch McConnell to move into the majority leader's office.
As Nate Silver points out on FiveThirtyEight.Com, "Republicans are favored to take control of the Senate but the race is close; essentially the same conditions have held all year. As of Sunday morning, the GOP's odds of winning the Senate are 60 percent in the forecast, only half a percentage point better than where they were after our previous update on Friday."
There is only one problem with that scenario. We haven't voted yet (except where early voting has started, such as South Dakota and Iowa). And if you think back to 2012, remember that two states that most forecasters got wrong were Montana and North Dakota. Why? Because the American Indian vote "outperformed" the models. That can happen again in Alaska, and, in my long-shot special, South Dakota.
Let's look closer at South Dakota's Senate race. No pollster even ranks this as a competitive race. Former Gov. Mike Rounds is leading the polls by an average of 13 percent. He is facing several opponents: Democratic nominee Rick Weiland, and former U.S. Senator Larry Pressler, a former Republican now turned Independent. The conservative alternative, Gordie Howie, will also be on the ballot.
So unless something changes, Rounds will probably win with about 42 percent of the vote.
What could change that equation? Perhaps the Keystone XL pipeline.
Should the Republicans capture the Senate, a vote to build the Keystone XL pipeline could come as soon as "January 2nd," Rounds said over the weekend. This is not just Rounds talking. A recent Associated Press story said a bill to approve the pipeline will be the GOP Senate's first act because "Obama might find it difficult to veto such bipartisan efforts."
Both Pressler and Weiland oppose the pipeline, splitting the vote. Weiland has even called the pipeline "a big money con" that would bring little benefit to South Dakota. Weiland was an adviser to former Sen. Tom Daschle and is familiar to many on Indian issues. He's been endorsed by all nine tribes in the state.
Earlier this month the Native Sun News held a debate on American Indian issues and Rounds was the only no show.
But at forty days out, there needs to be a game changer. Folks who see the Keystone XL pipeline as the most important issue facing South Dakota ought to settle on one candidate and use the last month to let voters know why. This will not be easy. Unlike Kansas and Alaska, there will be several candidates on the ballot no matter what. But if a single message is sent loud and clear, well, it might be enough to win. South Dakota is usually one of the top states for turnout, probably in the range of 355,000 people. That means a candidate could win a multi-candidate race with 160,000 votes. (Even Obama could not do that, he only received 145,000 votes two years ago.)
Still, 160,000 is not an impossible number when several candidates are on the ballot. But it will take elevating the Keystone Pipeline issue and for the Cowboy and Indian alliance to coalesce around a single candidate. That is if the Keystone XL pipeline debate is important enough to chuck politics as usual.
Mark Trahant holds the Atwood Chair at the University of Alaska Anchorage. He is an independent journalist and a member of The Shoshone-Bannock Tribes. For up-to-the-minute posts, download the free Trahant Reports app for your smart phone or tablet.]]>
The Protect Marriage Coalition claimed victory on Election Day, Proposition 8 passed with 52.3 percent of the vote and gay marriage in California was eliminated. Mormons made up an estimated 80 to 90 percent of the early volunteers who walked door-to-door in election precincts, canvassing. On Voting Day, there were 100,000 volunteers staffing get-out-the-vote efforts, a sizeable portion of whom were LDS. Financial contributions from Mormons in and out of state made up as much as half of the nearly $40 million raised on behalf of the measure in state where they account for 2% of the population. (HCN did an in-depth 2008 story on this aspect of Mormon politics, titled "Prophets and politics.")
A new book, Seeking the Promised Land, examines Mormon political behavior by looking, among several points of inquiry, into their responsiveness to church leaders. The authors are professors: Notre Dame's David Campbell, Quin Monson of Brigham Young University—both of whom are Mormon—and John Green of the University of Akron, who is Protestant. Calls to action from LDS leadership are infrequent, so when the leaders speak uniformly with specific directions on political issues, the authors argue most Mormons follow their leaders. Of course, Mormons are overwhelmingly aligned with the GOP, much like the African American vote is Democratic, which is not always the most desirable political situation to be in.
The Mormon vote, while thought to be a lost cause for Democrats, could just as easily be taken for granted by Republicans. The Mormon constituency, in other words, could easily find themselves overlooked and marginalized in the political sphere. Furthermore, Monson, of BYU, cautions that the imbalanced Mormon Republicanism "ought to be concerning, because [it] has potentially some negative consequences for the church as an institution." If the church is perceived as partisan, missionaries proselytizing among non-Republicans could face a tarnished reputation among groups of possible converts.
Why are Mormons so overwhelmingly Republican? The short answer is that they, as voters, look to protect their traditional values, the authors argue. They are a communal and homogenous group that exhibits a high level of faith in their everyday lives—abstaining from alcohol, caffeine, etc.— making them distinctive. Their belief and culture are heavily focused on the family, and this can bleed over into politics with issues they see as "moral," such as gay marriage and abortion.
This is not to say Mormons have always been predisposed towards the Republican Party, however. After Utah was granted its statehood in 1896, Mormons were largely Democrats, because the Republicans of that era, in addition to being against slavery, were against polygamy. Mormons eventually became bipartisan; their values were not so at odds with the greater culture as a whole. The 1960s, however, brought with it a sexual revolution and significant cultural change that caused disruption. During this time, Monson says, "you see Mormons gravitating towards the Republican Party for the similar reasons that evangelicals did": a defense of traditional values. The ensuing culture war pushed Mormon voters further to the right.
That rightward drift has continued. The authors found that young Mormons are more likely to be Republican than older ones. Mormons growing up in the 80s and 90s aged in a cultural environment where their faith and politics tightly aligned, something that their parents and grandparents wouldn't have seen so definitively, Monson says.
Fealty to the GOP may not end any time soon. However, Mormons contradict their partisanship on certain key issues. "When LDS teachings are out of step with conservative orthodoxy," the authors write, "Mormons generally follow their church over their party." In 2013, for example, Dieter Uchtdorf, a member of the church's governing First Presidency, was among other faith leaders who met with President Obama about immigration reform that would have create a pathway to citizenship for 11 million undocumented immigrants. Obama's policy, Uchtdorf said, "was totally in line with our values." He later said, "breaking up families who have lived in the nation for generations…does not seem right." The Mormon's more centrist view on immigration is also attributed to the exposure to other cultures many have had while serving as missionaries.
What this means for the future of Mormons in American politics is not entirely clear. There seems to be no sign of strong Mormon Republicanism waning. But many Mormons are, above all, faithful to their church. "When those messages from the church hierarchy are consistent and repeated over time," Monson says, "the members respond."
Wyatt Orme is an editorial intern at High Country News. He tweets @wyatt_orme.]]>
As I dug through past blotters, though, I had a hard time scraping up incidents that involved land mines, riots, terrorists or ambush of police officers.
And yet, over the past several years, La Plata County's law enforcement agencies have received over 5,000 battlefield-tested items from the Department of Defense, including (but certainly not limited to): at least 100 bayonet knives, three ordnance- and explosive-disposal robots, 18 5.56 mm rifles (M16s), five 7.62 mm rifles (M14s), 15 .45 caliber pistols, 30 bipods for machine guns, four night vision sniper scopes, two exercise bikes and a Cat-1 MaxxPro Mine Resistant Ambush Protected vehicle (MRAP).
They got them through program 1033, which distributes surplus military equipment to local law enforcement agencies at little or no cost, essentially equipping cops and sheriffs' departments in even the most rural Western counties to go to war. Though it's been happening for decades, the militarization of our local cops has escalated in recent years, as billions of dollars worth of equipment is shipped home from Afghanistan and Iraq. The protests in Ferguson, Missouri in response to the police shooting of an unarmed black teenager, brought a heavy-handed response from the police. Images and accounts of local cops outfitted with military-grade gear have alarmed the public and politicians.
Back in La Plata County some citizens recently expressed concern about all of the new gear, particularly the MRAP. So Durango Herald reporter Chuck Slothower asked the sheriff's office why it needed a $658,000 armored combat vehicle. The vehicle, a department official said, would only be used to rescue people from a natural disaster, or to evacuate people during an armed standoff. He also said he felt a lot safer (from irate cyclists and trail mix-pilfering bears, perhaps?) while cruising around in the thing. Okay, fair enough. But what about the M16s, the bayonets and night vision sniper scopes?
Program 1033 was created as program 1208 in 1990 in order to give local law enforcement the equipment they needed to fight the so-called War on Drugs. Our local sheriff has been an enthusiastic soldier in that conflict since he took office in 1995, and it hasn't always gone well. In 1997, the SWAT team entered a house on a marijuana bust and roughed up and pointed guns at kids (they did the same in a bust a year earlier), drawing a lawsuit. Then, in 2007, on a meth bust, the disoriented team, equipped with combat gear and gas masks, entered a home and encountered not a gun-toting Walter White, but 77-year-old Virginia Herrick, who was watching the Price is Right at the time. They ordered her to the floor and searched the home before realizing that they had gone to the wrong address. "I'm not about to argue with those big old guys," Herrick told the Durango Herald, "especially when they've got guns and those big old sledgehammers."
These are the same folks who now have an MRAP and an increasingly large arsenal. I mean, what could possibly go wrong? Innocent folks can die, for one thing. The conservative think tank the Cato Institute has mapped botched paramilitary raids across the U.S., some of which have led to both civilians and officers getting killed. And a recent analysis by Richard Florida for CityLab found that Western states, namely Arizona, New Mexico and Utah -- all of which are big recipients of program 1033 gear -- are among the worst in the nation for arrest-related deaths per capita.
Jonathan Thompson is a senior editor at High Country News. He is based in Durango, Colorado, and tweets @jonnypeace.
Sarah has covered the West's natural resources, politics and people since 2006. Before moving to Portland, Oregon, to write features, shorts and blogs and continue editing cover stories and news, she spent six and a half years flogging writers and managing the intern program as High Country News' in-house associate editor. She grew up in Boulder, Colorado and has spent most of her adult life in small towns in the Rockies, studying white-crowned sparrows, reporting at a daily newspaper and working on a trail crew. Her favorite tool — from her days building steps and retaining walls on the slopes of Mount Massive outside Leadville — is the double jack. These days, she's also especially partial to her 8-lb. maul.
email: sarah at hcn.org Follow @sarah_gilman]]>
Music by Glenn Jones]]>
On a warm Tuesday in March, Larry Sanders shades his eyes with a leathery hand and surveys the irrigation ditch that slices through his 500-acre farm in Colorado's North Fork Valley. The ditch is running high and muddy with snowmelt; clumps of hay and the occasional red plastic cup spin lazily on its surface. I move to step onto the exposed clay bank, but Sanders plants his palm against my chest.
"Don't move," he hisses. "I've got him."
He unslings the .308 bolt-action Remington and raises the scope to his eye. I strain to see what he's aiming at, but I can't discern anything in the murky water. The gun abruptly explodes beside me, Larry stumbling with the recoil, and the ditch erupts with spray and flesh – I catch a quick glimpse of a hulking, reddish-brown monster the size of a pickup truck, its vast red maw gaping and the twin scimitars of its curved lower tusks, each as long as my arm, flashing in the morning sun. The creature roars like a freight train, an unearthly bellow that resonates in the deep pit of my gut, and then it's gone, vanished again into the opaque depths of the ditch. A cluster of bubbles breaks the surface and Sanders fires off a blind shot into the water, scans for telltale blood, but none rises.
"Missed the son of a bitch," grumbles the farmer. "Again."
I step away and lean over in the tall grass, my hands pressed against my wobbly knees. The echoes of the beast's roar still reverberate in the valley. I glance fearfully at the ditch – already settled and placid, betraying no hint of the improbable creature that lurks within it.
Meet the West's newest, most terrifying invasive species: Hippopotamus amphibious, the hippo.
No one's quite sure when the hippos began turning up in Western waterways, nor how they arrived on this continent. Some believe the animals to be escapees, perhaps from a Zanesville-like private collection of exotic fauna. Others claim the animals were deliberately introduced as a prospective food source. (Although that plan may sound farfetched, it was nearly implemented by President Theodore Roosevelt in the early 1900's.) Conspiracy theorists suspect that the 8,000-pound aliens were turned loose by conservationists who feared the loss of African mammals to poachers, and wanted to ensure that hippos would survive somewhere in the wild.
"With most invasions there's an obvious origin – zebra mussels on hulls or in ballast water, or the shipment of flax seeds that contained tumbleweed," says Mary Rabineaux, ecologist and invasive species expert at the University of Colorado-Boulder. "The fact that there's no clear mechanism in this case makes the hippopotamus' spread all the more remarkable."
Indeed, the hippo takeover has been swift and thorough. The Yellowstone, Snake, and Columbia Rivers now support breeding populations, and, after a juvenile was sighted in the Gila River last month, scientists believe it's only a matter of time before the creatures arrive in the main stem of the Colorado. Although hippos are exclusively freshwater dwellers in Africa, an individual captured in Utah's Salt Lake was found to have incipient salt excretion glands below its eyes, suggesting that the invaders may be capable of rapidly evolving to their environs.
Yet it is within irrigation and drainage ditches — whose stagnant waters resemble conditions in slow, muddy African rivers — where hippos have truly flourished. That's meant trouble for farmers like Sanders, who says he first spotted hippos in his ditch in May 2013 and has spent the last year trying, without success, to eradicate the immense pests. "Damn critters eat all my hay, tear up the creek banks, and keep me up all night with their ungodly noise," Sanders complains. "And they shit everywhere.
Sanders' problems pale in comparison to the damage suffered by Mark Ellis, a rancher in Montana's Blackfoot Valley whose property was overtaken last summer. Bull hippos are famously aggressive, and Ellis has lost several of his valuable Black Angus cows to the territorial male that has established residence in his pond. "The poor cows must've went down to drink," says Ellis. "I found the carcasses along the shore the next day. It was just… pure carnage."
Ellis adds that because his state's livestock compensation program only covers losses inflicted by wolves and grizzlies, he hasn't been reimbursed for his cattle. Nationwide, hippo damages to crops, livestock and property have been estimated at $500 million.
Although the hippos haven't yet killed any humans, wildlife experts believe it's only a matter of time before a fatality occurs. In Africa, the behemoths are notorious for attacking boats, often seemingly unprovoked, and are responsible for nearly 3,000 deaths per year – far more than any other mammal. Although they're generally more docile on land, they can reach speeds of up to 18 mph on foot, and have been known to pursue humans they perceive as threats.
"We've been incredibly fortunate not to have a fatal attack on a human yet," says Leslie Derschowitz, a wildlife conflict specialist with the New Mexico Department of Game and Fish, who adds that avoiding rivers after dark and staying away from mothers with calves are the surest ways to avoid attacks. "Sometimes, though, you'll get a bull just feeling grouchy that day, and there's not much you can do besides get out of the way."
The destruction of property and the threat to human life have the government scrambling for a solution. A pilot sterilization program in the Missouri River was stymied when tranquilizer darts proved incapable of penetrating the hippos' thick hides, and the use of poisons has been prohibited for fear of impacts to other aquatic life. For now, scientists are still gathering information about the creatures' habits: a team of U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service biologists recently fitted a so-called "Judas hippo" with a radio collar in hopes that it will lead them to larger population centers.
Ultimately, private citizens may have to be enlisted in the war on so-called water horses. At least, that's the hope of Allen Ward, president of the Idaho Hunting Alliance. "Now that you can't shoot a grizzly in this country, you've got people craving the chance to take down big, dangerous game," he says. "Well, we've got aggressive four-ton animals in our own backyards. What could be better than that? And I hear the meat's okay."
Ward's idea, however, doesn't sit well with animal advocates, who argue that hippos are highly intelligent animals that form close social bonds within family units. The San Francisco-based Citizens for Animal Respect and Ethics (CARE) is among the groups touting a $5 billion plan to capture the animals, secure them in large slings beneath the bellies of Apache helicopters, and fly them back to Africa.
"It will be a true tragedy if even a single hippo is slain," declares Edward Bernard, executive director of CARE. "The only humane approach is repatriation."
Some environmentalists even wonder whether we should move the hippos at all. "These creatures are filling an ecological niche that has been vacant for ten thousand years," says Elena Sanchez, conservative biologist with the Pleistocene Rewilding Association. Sanchez points out that North America used to be packed with megafauna, from mammoths to ground sloths. "The hippopotamus could restore much-needed balance to our streams and grasslands," she argues.
While the management debate rages on, landowners like Larry Sanders continue to bear the invasion's brunt. After our encounter at the irrigation ditch, we walk back up to his house, picking our way around fly-speckled mounds of hippo dung and through swaths of trampled hay. As we pass through the electrified hippo-proof fence that Sanders has installed around his yard, he turns to look back at the ditch. There stands his nemesis, now hauled out onto dry land, its moist maroon flanks sparkling and its giant head lowered to graze, as though mocking us.
Sanders makes a move toward his gun, but we're too far away for a shot, and he throws his hands up in surrender. The gate in the electric fence swings shut with a clang and the hippo turns in our direction, not startled by the sudden noise but curious. Strands of duckweed hang from its snout. Its thick lips are curved in what looks suspiciously like a smile.
Ben Goldfarb is an editorial intern at High Country News. He tweets @BenGoldfarb13.]]>
To see the winner, and to learn about other 40th anniversary contests and events, see our contest page.
But the major local contention, one that's been going on for years, is one that appears on no ballot, for we don't get to vote on it. That would be the "Over the River" project proposed by Christo and his late wife Jeanne-Claude, who died last November. They specialize in big projects, like installing 7,503 saffron walk-through panels in New York's Central Park, or wrapping the German parliament building, the Reichstag in Berlin, in a million square feet of polypropylene fabric.
Here they've proposed to suspend translucent fabric panels over 5.9 mountainous miles of the Arkansas River in a 42-mile stretch between Salida and Cañon City. It's not just a local issue; national papers like the New York Times and the Wall Street Journal have written about it.
Since the project will involve public land, the federal Bureau of Land Management has become the lead agency, and it -- rather than local voters -- will make the decision after reviewing a 1,400-page Environmental Impact Statement released last summer, along with the hundreds of comments the proposal inspired.
The decision is supposed to be announced next February, and if it's approved, there will be about three years of construction, installation, and removal, along with two weeks of viewing the full display in the late summer of 2013.
The objections to Over the River focus on many factors, most of them legitimate grounds for concern: traffic congestion on U.S. 50, emergency access, construction-caused travel delays, effects on wildlife from the fish in the river to bighorn sheep on the ground to eagles in the air.
But there's a theme to many objections that I find bizarre. It goes something like this: "The valley between Salida and Cañon City is a grand work of nature, and it would be despoiled by some artificial installation, even a temporary project like Christo's."
Why is this a bizarre statement? Because the Arkansas River along that stretch, sometimes called Bighorn Sheep Canyon, is about as natural as an amusement park.
We can start with the river itself. Area rafting outfitters like to promote "the free-flowing Arkansas River." It is true that there's no dam across the main stem of the Arkansas above Pueblo Reservoir, which sits 25 miles downstream from Cañon City.
But the Arkansas's flows are augmented by two major diversions that import water from the Western Slope -- the Fryingpan-Arkansas Project and the Twin Lakes Tunnel -- along with several smaller trans-basin diversions. All were built to serve downstream cities and farmers.
Most of its major tributaries (Busk Creek, Lake Creek, Clear Creek, Cottonwood Creek, Chalk Creek, South Arkansas) have dams and reservoirs. The river's flow is adjusted up to promote whitewater rafting from May to Aug. 15, then dropped to make life easier for spawning brown trout in the fall.
In other words, the very essence of the river -- the water flowing in its bed -- is a human artifact, not a phenomenon of raw nature.
As for those spawning brown trout -- the Arkansas here is a renowned brown-trout fishery -- they're human artifacts too. Most of them reproduce now without any help from hatcheries, but they were imported from Europe and introduced to Colorado in 1890. The "natural" trout (the greenback cut-throat) was exterminated from the Arkansas, partly by competition from the imported browns.
As for the bighorn sheep coming down to drink from the river, they're something of an artifact, too. Unlike the brown trout, they were native to the area. On Jan. 1, 1807, explorer Zebulon Pike was working his way down the river near Texas Creek. His journal says he "found on the way one of the mountain rams, which the doctor (J.H. Robinson) and (Pvt. John) Brown had killed and left on the road. Skinned it with horns, etc."
But after the Colorado gold rush of 1859 and ensuing settlement, the bighorns vanished from the valley, killed off by market hunters and diseases carried by domestic sheep. By 1950, the nearest herd was more than 20 miles away. Since 1980, the Colorado Division of Wildlife has performed a dozen bighorn transplants to restore sheep to the canyon. There's now a relatively stable population of about 520 in the area.
So the bighorns along the river are a result of human intervention aimed at reversing the extirpation caused by earlier human actions. And just how is this natural?
And as for observing the natural beauty along the Arkansas -- the cliffs and clefts of Precambrian granite, the Penn-Perm redbeds, the limestone and gypsum deposits -- that involves traveling through the canyon, which is hardly a natural corridor.
Let's go back to Pike, headed downstream from Salida on Dec. 27. 1806: "From there being no roads of buffalo, or signs of horses, I am convinced that neither these animals, nor the aborigines of the country, ever take this route, to go from the source of the river out of the mountains; but they must cross one of the chains to the right or left, and find a smoother tract to the lower country."
Pike was the second person to leave a written account of the area. The first was Juan Bautista de Anza, a New Mexico colonial governor who in 1779 led an 800-man army north from Santa Fe to punish Comanche raiders. Anza had Ute guides who knew better than to follow the river, and when he headed east from Salida, they avoided the canyon and swung through the hills to the north for "a smoother tract to the lower country."
There were wagon and stagecoach routes developed to serve the mining camps that sprang up along the top of the Arkansas after the 1859 gold rush -- and those routes also avoided the canyon.
The canyon didn't become generally accessible until 1880 when the Denver & Rio Grande Railroad blasted a route through the Royal Gorge and on up the Arkansas. Until convict crews from the state penitentiary in Cañon City finished their work in 1915, the wagon and auto road bypassed most of the canyon.
Obviously, it's not a "natural" transportation corridor. That it is so accessible today is a human artifact, just like the flow of the river, the fish within it, and the wildlife on its banks. It's an area with soaring mountain views, exciting float trips, great fishing and abundant wildlife -- all the result of human activity, rather than "nature."
Whether Christo's project would add or detract from that is a fair question, but it's a question about yet another human project. It's not about "nature," for in a strictly natural state, the canyon would be inaccessible and we wouldn't have this controversy.
Ed Quillen is a freelance writer and columnist in Salida, Colorado.]]>
For one thing, if you keep chickens, you probably look forward to the sounds of peeping and chirping from the mail truck as the carrier delivers a box of just-hatched poultry. Because the nearest pharmacy might be even farther away than the feed store, you may get your prescription medicine by mail. Even your FedEx and UPS parcels might be delivered to your door by the Postal Service, because the USPS often handles the "last mile" for deliveries by private express companies. And because you're less likely to enjoy a high-speed Internet connection, you may pay your bills by mailing a check rather than going online.
Besides, even though you sometimes grumble about the line at the post office, you generally don't mind the wait, since it's a chance to catch up on local gossip as you stand amid your friends and neighbors.
But all that could change soon, and not for the better. The volume of lucrative first-class mail continues to decline as more transactions are completed online. Also, the Postal Service, alone among federal agencies, must meet an annual financial obligation of more than $5 billion, imposed by Congress, to fund future retiree health-care costs. Although the USPS has laid off more than 100,000 employees in recent years, it's been running in the red and must further cut costs to remain solvent. That means hundreds of rural post offices could close while service would be reduced at those remaining.
Every post office flies the U.S. flag, which is appropriate because the Postal Service has been one of those things that binds us together as Americans. It serves all of us, even when the mail must be transported by mule to the Havasupai of Arizona, or dropped by parachute from an airplane over the Alaska backcountry.
It actually predates the United States, with Benjamin Franklin running a postal service among the 13 British colonies of 1775, a year before the Declaration of Independence. The U.S. Constitution of 1787 gave Congress the power "To establish Post Offices and Post Roads." That provision encouraged the development of America's transportation infrastructure, as canals and railways were defined as "Post Roads" eligible for federal subsidy, and politics often played a role.
One example is the town of Breckenridge, now a ski resort about 70 miles west of Denver, Colo. It began in 1859 as "Fort Meribeh," a gold-mining camp in an almost inaccessible location. It needed a road, but couldn't afford to build one.
Its pioneers devised a plan. Change the name of the place to honor John Cabell Breckinridge, vice-president of the United States, then apply for a post office -- and certainly the vice-president would pull a few strings to make that happen, since the town was named after him. Once there was a post office, the government would have to build a Post Road to serve it, and everybody would be able to use the road.
The plan worked. The hitch came in 1861 when John C. Breckinridge decided to join the Confederacy. The Union-leaning miners of Colorado Territory responded by changing the spelling of their town's name to Breckenridge. By then, though, it already had its road and post office.
But roads and buildings are just part of the infrastructure resulting from the postal system. Newspapers and magazines and mail-order enterprises, as well as direct-mail solicitations for votes and donations, often even voting itself -- all rely on the Postal Service.
But when looking at ways to save money, the Postal Service almost seems to be trying to drive away business. For instance, there's a proposal to switch from six-day service to five-day service, eliminating Saturday mail deliveries. Routine Saturday service is something that competitors like UPS and FedEx don't offer, giving the USPS an edge.
And then there are proposals to close roughly 10 percent of America's 38,000 post offices; 487 of those being considered are in the West and most serve rural towns. Having a post office is a big part of community identity, and it's certainly a convenience to be able to send a package or a certified letter without having to drive 20 or 30 miles. Boxholders either rent from a remaining post office, or get "home delivery" that might be several miles away,
The USPS says some of those rural post offices can be replaced with "village post offices." These run out of existing businesses, like convenience stores or grocers, and at first glance seem like a return to the traditional general store that included a post office. Village post offices can sell stamps, accept mail, and offer boxes for rent. But they won't handle parcels (except for the "if it fits it ships" variety), and they won't offer return receipts, certified letters and the like. Making it more difficult for people to do business with you is hardly a way to increase your business.
Another money-saving proposal -- closing about half the mail processing centers -- requires some explanation. The town where I live, Salida, Colo., is a postal sectional center. As it is, mail from a large area, from Canon City 65 miles to the east, to Lake City, 130 miles to the southwest, comes here to be processed every night. What doesn't go to nearby places whose zipcodes start with "812" goes out to other sectional centers around the state in Alamosa, Durango, Montrose, Glenwood Springs, Denver, etc.
The USPS proposes to close all the sectional centers in Colorado except for Denver and Grand Junction, which will get all the sorting machinery. All mail, even if it's just a birthday card to somebody down the street, will be trucked to one or the other. In-town service will go from overnight to two days or even longer.
The Postal Service theory is that this will give maximum benefit from those expensive sorting machines by running them 20 hours a day in the city instead of two or three hours a day in the boondocks. But any engineer will tell you that a dispersed system with many nodes is more robust and thus more reliable than a centralized system.
All of these changes mean that mail service will get worse, especially for residents of the rural West. Bad service will drive more business away, and the downward spiral will accelerate.
Congress caused this problem, and Congress could fix it. You can encourage that by buying a few stamps and writing your senators and representative, urging them to support the 21st Century Postal Service Act.
The USPS may not be perfect, but it reflects a belief that it's important for a great nation to have a great postal system, and that there are some things that a government should do, even if they don't quite pay for themselves.
Ed Quillen writes from Salida, Colo.]]>
Both the Forest Service and the companies regard the concessionaire program as a great success in public-private partnership (the term they prefer to "privatization"), and consider it an essential tool for keeping campgrounds open in a time of government belt-tightening and reduced staffing. Concessionaires relieve the agency of day-to-day maintenance duties and the costs they entail, allowing it to put its precious recreation dollars toward other things, says Paul Cruz, the Rocky Mountain Region's recreation program business manager. (The agency's recreation budget has remained relatively flat for at least a decade, and it's often dipped into to pay for firefighting.) Concessionaires use fees to cover the costs of staffing campgrounds and general upkeep – trash removal, cleaning toilets, maintaining water systems – with some left over for profit. Proponents say the system shifts costs from the general taxpayer directly to campground users. Where the Forest Service maintains its own campgrounds, the agency typically covers the cost with user fees and taxpayer money.
Opponents of the concessionaire program, however, believe tax dollars should be spent to keep fees low on public land. Public land shouldn't be managed for private profit, they say. "The revenue and the profits are private, but all of the risks are socialized," says Kitty Benzar of the Western Slope No-Fee Coalition, which advocates against access fees on public land. "You and I are bearing the risk. If the campground has to be rebuilt after a fire, we pay for it, and then it's handed back to the concessionaires. It's a no-risk business (for the concessionaires)."
For a more in-depth explanation of how the program works, read Concessionaire Campgrounds: An Explainer. We analyzed fees at campgrounds in Colorado, which makes for an interesting case study because, though most of the state's campgrounds – 268 of the 336 in our analysis – are under private management, one of its national forests has no concessionaires, and publicly managed campgrounds and sprinkled throughout the rest. We excluded group campgrounds from our analysis, and for consistency, looked only at basic tent sites without electrical hookups.
Cally Carswell is a contributing editor to High Country News and is based in Santa Fe. She tweets @callycarswell.]]>
In this episode of West of 100, High Country News' new monthly podcast, we talk with scientists and recordists with their ears to the ground in the great outdoors. And we visit the Great Hoh Rain Forest in Washington State, where one man is working doggedly to protect "one square inch" of silence from us noisy humans.
Tune into West of 100 around the middle of each month. Available via our RSS feed, and subscribe now for free through iTunes.
Recordings of Muir Woods and Lincoln Meadow courtesy Bernie Krause. Recording of Yellowstone dawn chorus, licensed under Creative Commons, Western Soundscape Archive. Recording of stream, licensed under Creative Commons, mistiscool. Recording of jet, licensed under Creative Commons, digifishmusic.]]>


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Darren felt the head of Sebastian's cock pop past his anal ring. It was an easy entry.
"Mm. Yeah. You're doin' awesome, bud—whooh—yeah, just keep sorta pushing it in."
Sebastian barely heard Darren's encouragement. His eyes were glued to the image of his cock piercing the American's ass. Girls before, yes, but never this. Never with a guy. He watched, and felt, amazed that he was staying hard. Amazed that it felt so … fresh.
The bed shifted. It was Manuel, still nervous, still fondling himself and watching the whole situation nervously. Darren glanced up at him and licked his lips playfully. "Want some lovin'?"
They didn't know what to make of Darren when he first moved into their flat. He'd hit them up on craigslist, looking for a place to stay during his year at the university in Madrid. He was pure American: loud, casual, frank, laughed a lot, and always wore a cap. Sebastian and Manuel rolled their eyes at each other for that first month, and whisper jokes about him. But then he surprised them.
He was smart, and fun. He slipped into their culture easily. He joined them on the "hunt," chasing skirt at the discotecas and proving himself un caballero y hombre verdero. They became friends.
And that's when he started making his move.
"I thought you European dudes were fricking free when it came to sex," he said one day.
What did he mean?
"You know. Don't you dudes swing both ways?"
It took a bit to get the translation right, but no … they didn't.
"Aw, dudes. You're missing out. Seriously."
That's all he said. And then, over the next several weeks, he kept bringing it up, and bringing it up, and bringing it up … and now here they were. Naked. Hard. With an American.
Manuel glanced at Sebastian. The latter was still fixated on his own cock. Manuel looked back at Darren. Darren grinned and licked his lips again.
Manuel inched forward.
Straight Asian Muscle Hunk gets fucked for the first time - Deep-throating, virgin hole rimming, and taking a rough breeder's cock like a sluty power bottom until a huge load of cum is fucked out of him.
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
Inspirate#25: If you have eyes in you faces, you have a weapons. Look at you enemy and make him cry forever. Then? Crush him with muscles.
Inspirate#22: Special for beardfacers. Make any beards you can have, and use it to hide. Then? Sneak on a enemy and destroy him with puches.
The video that started us all on our journey to live like a windrammer.
Re: the new Korra ep 5 clip
OH AWESOME! A new Korra clip ! How exciting—
…. Huh, where'd that come from? And what's up with it's face? Oh well… let me just finish reblogging that Korra clip—
Another faceless kitten? What's up with that? Anyway—
WHAT, oh come on, I didn't know that new clip was a leak! I'm sorry, so please just give them back their faces damn it—
Hey guys.
Want to see some horrifying poopy art I made months and months ago for no reason other than I wanted to make a superhero pinup? It's seriously terrible.
Of course you do, what a silly question.
Enjoy your nightmares.
Universality of Heterosexual Longing: Robin edition. XD (as the rather inevitable followup to this)
(Source: tumblkage)
This is too funny!
don't even know who those people are
You never read a single comic book in your life
You probably don't even know Superman's real name
fucking sluts.
Stop posing in those pictures
you guys make me wanna punch babies
superman is my favorite green lantern
the Avengers are only good when Batman's on the team
the flash is such a jerk I can't believe he threw the sentry into the sun
thor is the coolest member of the x-men
Of course I know Superman's real name, It's Peter Parker, gosh dang.
steve rogers is the best robin, hands down, especially as a member of the fantastic four
omg speaking of peter parker - his redhead gf, jane grey is the reason i refuse to read Xmen
Piccolo is still the coolest Green Lantern.


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Health benefits of Kale " Sukuma Wiki"
This great vegetable that is so easily available is packed with loads of benefits. Kale is being called "the new beef", "the queen of greens" and "a nutritional powerhouse." Here are ten great benefits of adding more kale to your diet:
1. Kale is low in calorie, high in fiber and has zero fat. One cup of kale has only 36 calories, 5 grams of fiber and 0 grams of fat. It is great for aiding in digestion and elimination with its great fiber content. It's also filled with so many nutrients, vitamins, folate and magnesium as well as those listed below.
2. Kale is high in iron. Per calorie, kale has more iron than beef. Iron is essential for good health, such as the formation of hemoglobin and enzymes, transporting oxygen to various parts of the body, cell growth, proper liver function and more.
3. Kale is high in Vitamin K. Eating a diet high in Vitamin K can help protect against various cancers. It is also necessary for a wide variety of bodily functions including normal bone health and the prevention of blood clotting. Also increased levels of vitamin K can help people suffering from Alzheimer's disease.
4. Kale is filled with powerful antioxidants. Antioxidants, such as carotenoids and flavonoids help protect against various cancers.
5. Kale is a great anti-inflammatory food. One cup of kale is filled with 10% of the RDA of omega-3 fatty acids, which help, fight against arthritis, asthma and autoimmune disorders.
6. Kale is great for cardiovascular support. Eating more kale can help lower cholesterol levels.
7. Kale is high in Vitamin A. Vitamin A is great for your vision, your skin as well as helping to prevent lung and oral cavity cancers.
8. Kale is high in Vitamin C. This is very helpful for your immune system, your metabolism and your hydration.
9. Kale is high in calcium. Per calorie, kale has more calcium than milk, which aids in preventing bone loss, preventing osteoporosis and maintaining a healthy metabolism. Vitamin C is also helpful to maintain cartilage and joint flexibility
10. Kale is a great detox food. Kale is filled with fiber and sulfur, both great for detoxifying your body and keeping your liver healthy.
Go grab yourselves some kale today and stay healthy. Have a healthy week.
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I'll be posting some blogs soon and maybe a few videos too :-)
You can also check me out here:
Posted on October 31, 2014 at 12:30pm 1 Comment 0 Likes
Actually the news came out last week over iPhone 6's operating system (iOS 8 & 8.1) finally being jailbroken by the Chinese hacking group known as Pangu. However, their first release was unstable and it was recommended that only software developers install and evaluate it. Since then there has been significant progress made in fixing the bugs and Pangu's jailbreak now includes the Cydia App. Cydia is an absolute must for your device…Continue
Posted on June 3, 2014 at 4:28pm 3 Comments 0 Likes
Most providers don't offer protection against DDOS on this scale. I've heard some fellow server administrators say that they're protected against DDoS on their Linux server end. Saying that they've configured their Linux box to ban DDoS'ing IP's at the hint of trouble and I just kinda shake my head.
Those malicious HTTP requests are gonna to try…
Posted on June 22, 2011 at 7:30pm 8 Comments 6 Likes
I know i'm a bit late for joining in this issue of whether or not VH will be here much longer. And no... I'm not here to rub your faces into it. Just thought I could offer some helpful 2 cents especially since I've had direct dealings with Ning before.
I'm surprised Tom G. didn't make such an announcement sooner. Why would someone keep paying for a site they don't really participate much in anymore? Then you have the whole aspect of Ning being Vloggerhead's hosting…Continue
Posted on April 21, 2011 at 1:00am 6 Comments 0 Likes
I've been hit by false DMCA's many times. This is what you'll need to email Ning in order to clear up any DMCA strikes that may have been placed against your account. Just simply replace the stuff that's in bold with your own info.... or put in fake info whichever. The trolls know full well what they're doing is illegal and they wouldn't dare file a lawsuit against a counter notice...
Posted on April 20, 2011 at 10:30pm 0 Comments 0 Likes
It's been a while and wish I could post a blog under better circumstances. Anyways I got a msg on twitter and VlogEvolve about this site receiving false DMCA's and a certain someone (you know who you are) is saying I had something to do with it. I am here to say that I have NEVER filed a false DMCA in my life. I have only file 1 copyright complaint and it was somebody who reposted my vid without permission
Unlike others I don't like to make accusations…Continue
We're good with the money for this year's payment, but don't hold back, we'll have the same problem next year.
Thanks for even thinking about donating...
© 2014 Created by Marcel.


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One note = one vote. Like or reblog to vote for your state! Go Minnesota! http://thefaultinourstarsmovie.com/demandourstars
actual angels aka flawless people that i love meme » Tyler Posey
we've put several motherfuckers on the moon, why can't we have glitter nail polish that doesn't require an act of god to remove
"Take me away to some place real, 'cause they say home is where your heart is set in stone. It's where you go when you're alone. It's where you go to rest your bones. As long as we're together, does it matter where we go?" (Home by Gabrielle Aplin)


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Oops… no streams currently available for Red FM 93.5 - Mangalore.
Click here to visit the Station's website:
Red FM 93.5 - Mangalore is a broadcast radio station from Mangalore, Karnataka, India, as part of Sun TV Network from Chennai, Tamilnadu, India, providing ... See more
Mangalore - Karnataka, India - Hindi
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"Satisfaction lies in the effort, not in the attainment, full effort is full victory.
Find a translation for this quote in other languages:
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Discuss this Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi quote with the community:
Use the citation below to add this quote to your bibliography:
"Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi Quotes." Quotes.net. STANDS4 LLC, 2014. Web. 31 Oct. 2014. <http://www.quotes.net/quote/13192>.


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Speck ShieldView for iPhone 5 & 5s, Glossy
Product informationKeep your screen clean! The ShieldView iPhone 5 cover features three sophisticated static-cling iPhone screen protectors that stick to your device screen perfectly.
Each iPhone 5 screen film is designed to last, and is easy to apply and remove. And the re-sealable envelope keeps your extra screen protectors ready to go on a minute's notice.
Anti-glare finish wards off fingerprints and helps with visibility in changing lighting conditions.
- Brand
- Compatible with
- iPhone 5 & 5s
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Editors Notes
Pack includes 3 screen protectors
Click & collectFree Click & collect from John Lewis or Waitrose shops for collection tomorrow from 2pm
347 participating John Lewis and Waitrose shops
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Standard delivery
- £3.00
Next or named day delivery
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Next or named morning delivery
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Collect+ from a local shop from Saturday - postcode exclusions apply for Collect+ deliveries5000+ participating Collect+ shops
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International delivery not available
We want you to be happy with your purchase. If you're not, just return the products to us or to one of our shops. Unless faulty, we'd like this to be within 90 days of purchase. Exceptions apply to certain products - find out more about our refund policy.
Depending on the type of product, you can make free returns via our shops, Royal Mail (or courier collection for large or heavy items), Collect+ or via MyHermes.
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The Godin Shifter Bass with 5-way switch and push/pull tone knob allows access to 6 amazing bass tones.
Our product catalog varies by country due to manufacturer restrictions. If you change the Ship-To country, some or all of the items in your cart may not ship to the new destination.


text:
True freshmen Alex Collins and Hunter Henry were named Freshman All-Americans by Sporting News on Friday
Click here for the original story.
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Posted 13 December 2013 - 12:25 PM
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Good for them.
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Wireless Mesh Networks
A viable option for transmitting and recording video
Local government agencies across the country are catching onto the benefits of wireless mesh networks. Some are looking to provide citizens with free or low-cost Internet access. Others have found that the networks can reduce labor costs by automating tasks such as reading utility meters. And many have found wireless networks to be ideal for sending data, such as mugshots and floor plans, to first responders equipped with computers in the field.
These networks are also proving to be very useful in transmitting and recording video for public safety and other purposes. Here are a couple examples:
• The town of Ripon, Calif., an upscale suburban community located near Stockton, has installed a wireless mesh network from Motorola that transmits video from more than 20 cameras installed in parks and in commercial and high-traffic areas. In addition to having recorded video for investigative purposes, the police department uses the network to access GIS maps, hazmat and homeland security information, and warrants.
• In Rockford, Ill., the housing authority teamed with the police department to install 16 wireless nodes from Firetide — each with its own camera, lighting and emergency intercom systems — to capture useful video for prosecution purposes and serve as a deterrent to crime.
Law enforcement, in particular, is turning to video transmitted via wireless mesh networks for traffic control, crime reduction, public safety at special events and for homeland security applications. Other departments such as transportation, utilities, and parks and recreation can also use the video.
Wireless Mesh: The Basics
A wireless mesh network consists of radio nodes working together to transmit video or other data. The data hops from node to node until it reaches its destination — most often a central monitoring station. One of the advantages of such a network is its redundancy — if one node fails, the others continue to communicate either directly or through intermediate nodes.
Mesh networks can work in areas where cabling would be prohibitively expensive or impossible to install, can be set up relatively quickly and be reconfigured or expanded to meet the changing needs of an end-user. The latter factor is a key element in any network design, as it also helps keep technologies current.
As a member of Security-Net's TechNet group, I have had the opportunity to study and share wireless mesh network experiences with my colleagues across the country. Despite the technology's many advantages for transmitting and recording video, we are all careful to complete a thorough site analysis to make sure a mesh network is really the right solution for each customer and its needs.
There are many potential problems that can affect a wireless mesh network. Trees, tall buildings and large bodies of water are a few of the topographical issues that might cause trouble in getting a video signal from the camera to the recorder.
"There are so many variables that you have to deal with when using mesh networks — it is not as controlled as setting down a length of fiber," says Charlie Powell, of Indianapolis-based Koorsen Fire & Security. "The wireless mesh system that performs well transmitting over grass during the summer may have problems come winter, when highly reflective snow covers the ground."
An experienced system integrator looking to design and install wireless mesh networks will invest in survey gear. I have a test kit that I use before installing, or even fully designing a mesh network. It consists of a couple of radio nodes, different types of antennas and tripods, a laptop computer and an IP camera or two. This gives a good indication if a mesh network is feasible for a particular site. But it is important to consider the environmental and other factors that may change over the coming months or years that could significantly impact a network's performance.
Tom Horgan of InterTECH Security, based in Warrendale, Pa. says he has been working with a mesh networking solution from one manufacturer that preloads test modules into its offerings: "It includes a spectrum analyzer and is extremely easy to set up and test for electronic interference or other environmental issues you may run into," he says. "The equipment is specifically designed to push video across the network."
Professionally installed in the proper setting, a wireless mesh network should deliver video for recording at the same quality as that transmitted via fiber.
However, wireless mesh is not the right answer for all situations. Along with the environmental conditions, there are also bandwidth issues to consider when considering a mesh network.
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The Dark Romance and Grim Reality of Life in the French Foreign Legion
It's the dark romance of the French Foreign Legion: haunted men from everywhere, fighting anywhere, dying for causes not their own. Legionnaires need war, certainly, and Afghanistan is winding down. But there's always the hopeless battle against rogue gold miners in French Guiana…
The word "foreign" in the name French Foreign Legion does not refer to faraway battlegrounds. It refers to the Legion itself, which is a branch of the French Army commanded by French officers but built of volunteers from around the world. Last summer I came upon 20 of them on a grassy knoll on a farm in France near the Pyrenees. They were new recruits sitting back-to-back on two rows of steel chairs. They wore camouflage fatigues and face paint, and held French assault rifles. The chairs were meant to represent the benches in a helicopter flying into action—say, somewhere in Africa in the next few years to come. Two recruits who had been injured while running sat facing forward holding crutches. They were the pilots. Their job was to sit there and endure. The job of the others was to wait for the imaginary touchdown, then disembark from the imaginary helicopter and pretend to secure the imaginary landing zone. Those who charged into the imaginary tail rotor or committed some other blunder would have push-ups to do immediately, counting them off in phonetic French—uh, du, tra, katra, sank. If they ran out of vocabulary, they would have to start again. Eventually the recruits would stage a phased retreat back to their chairs, then take off, fly around for a while, and come in for another dangerous landing. The real lesson here was not about combat tactics. It was about do not ask questions, do not make suggestions, do not even think of that. Forget your civilian reflexes. War has its own logic. Be smart. For you the fighting does not require a purpose. It does not require your allegiance to France. The motto of the Legion is Legio Patria Nostra. The Legion is our fatherland. This means we will accept you. We will shelter you. We may send you out to die. Women are not admitted. Service to the Legion is about simplifying men's lives.
Since 1831, when the Legion was formed by King Louis-Philippe, more than 35,000 legionnaires have died in battle, often anonymously, and more often in vain. The Legion was created primarily to gather up some of the foreign deserters and criminals who had drifted to France in the aftermath of the Napoleonic Wars. It was discovered that these men, who were said to threaten civil society, could be induced to become professional soldiers at minimal cost, then exiled to North Africa to help with the conquest of Algeria. The new legionnaires got an early taste of the deal when, in the Legion's first North African battle, a squad of 27 was overrun after being abandoned by a French officer and the cavalry under his command.
During the pacification of Algeria, 844 legionnaires died. During a foolish intervention in Spain in the 1830s, nearly 9,000 died or deserted. During the Crimean War, in the 1850s, 444 died. Then came the French invasion of Mexico of 1861–65, whose purpose was to overthrow the reformist government of Benito Juárez and create a European puppet state, to be lorded over by an Austrian prince named Maximilian. It did not work out. Mexico won, France lost, and Maximilian was shot. Of the 4,000 legionnaires sent off to help with the war, roughly half did not return. Early on, 62 of them barricaded themselves in a farm compound near a village called Camarón, in Veracruz, and fought to the finish against overwhelming Mexican forces. Their last stand provided the Legion with an Alamo story that, in the 1930s, during a spate of tradition-making, was transformed into an officially cherished legend—Camerone!—promoting the idea that true legionnaires hold the orders they receive before life itself.
Between 1870 and 1871, more than 900 legionnaires died while reinforcing the French Army in the Franco-Prussian War. This was their first fight on French soil. After the war ended, the Legion stayed on and helped with the bloody suppression of the Paris Commune—a civilian revolt during which legionnaires dutifully killed French citizens on French streets, often by summary execution. After order was restored, the legionnaires were quickly returned to their bases in Algeria, but they had earned the special loathing reserved for foreign mercenaries, and a visceral distrust of the Legion still felt by French leftists today.
The Legion's radical composition, its physical isolation, and its very lack of patriotic purpose turned out to be the attributes that have molded it into an unusually resolute fighting force. An idea grew up inside the Legion that meaningless sacrifice is itself a virtue—if tinged perhaps by tragedy. A sort of nihilism took hold. In 1883, in Algeria, a general named François de Négrier, addressing a group of legionnaires who were leaving to fight the Chinese in Indochina, said, in loose translation, "You! Legionnaires! You are soldiers meant to die, and I am sending you to the place where you can do it!" Apparently the legionnaires admired him. In any case, he was right. They died there, and also in various African colonies for reasons that must have seemed unimportant even at the time. Then came the First World War and a return to France, where 5,931 legionnaires lost their lives. During the interwar period, with the Legion having returned to North Africa, Hollywood caught on and produced two Beau Geste movies, which captured the exoticism of Saharan forts and promoted a romantic image that has boosted recruiting ever since. Immediately after World War II, which claimed 9,017 of its men, the Legion went to war in Indochina, where it lost more than 10,000. Recently, near Marseille, an old legionnaire told me about a lesson he learned as a young recruit, when a veteran sergeant took a moment to explain dying to him. He said, "It's like this. There is no point in trying to understand. Time is unimportant. We are dust from the stars. We are nothing at all. Whether you die at age 15 or 79, in a thousand years there is no significance to it. So fuck off with your worries about war."
(Source: sunrec, via taco-man-andre)
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The last sentence tho
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Maybe one day I might go for it
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Tiens, voila du boudin, voilda du boudin, voila du boudin…. heck, the last lines, the very last lines, when one lives...
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Acappellics Anonymous is a co-ed a cappella group that started about five years ago at Emerson College. Earlier this year, these talented, young singers won first place in the International Competition of Collegiate A Cappella (ICCA). "That was a very exciting experience," says Ari Conte, president of Acappellics Anonymous. "That was the first time that […]
Live Music Week happens bi-annually at WERS to raise money to keep our station running. We ask if you can pledge your support in order to keep us live on air, bringing you live performances from your favorite musicians. Pledges can be made here. To watch video of Acappellics Anonymous perform "Moves like Jagger" Click Here! Not […]


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These are my questions independent blogger, and free-lance reporter, Tony Hopfinger, about his website, Alaska Dispatch. Amanda Coyne, a local writer, is Tony's co-publisher and spouse.
Do you consider what you're doing with Alaska Dispatch to be a business or a hobby?
It's a business to the extent that we hope to raise revenue to contract with editors and freelancers. But neither Amanda nor I view this as a profit-making venture for us personally. We started Alaska Dispatch with our own money because we felt like we might have something to share with the community. We both have full-time jobs, and this is secondary, so it could be classified as a hobby, albeit an obsessive one. But I don't believe the two need be mutually exclusive.
If it's a business, could you explain the business model?
The same as your newspaper: to sell advertising and generate revenue. The first step has been to establish a presence on the Web (we launched our site Aug. 13, 2008). We're now entering our second phase, which has involved developing a more elaborate site that looks and feels like an online magazine and can accommodate advertising. Our goal is to eventually contract with editors and writers, while continuing to provide a platform for citizen journalism. Perhaps down the road, Alaska Dispatch could become a full-time job for one of us, but right now we're not quitting our steady gigs (I'm a correspondent for Bloomberg News and a freelance writer; Amanda also freelances and is a full-time writing instructor at Alaska Pacific University).
If it's a hobby, what do you find most rewarding about doing it?
We live in such an interesting place, filled with such interesting people who have fascinating things to share about their worlds, and it gives me great pleasure to provide an outlet for those who wouldn't normally see their stories published.
Are you able to cover your expenses? If not, when would you expect that to be the case?
We are fortunate in that my brother, Todd Hopfinger, who lives in Ann Arbor, Michigan, has dedicated countless hours building our websites. He just completed a new website for us that looks and operates much more like an online magazine. This has saved us thousands of dollars. We are also fortunate in that we have money to invest in our site. To date, we have spent about $2,500. Through donations and some advertising, we have covered most of our costs. Our expenses have included hosting the site, purchasing domains, commissioning graphics, hiring a lawyer to review one of our stories, and securing rights to republish articles from The Christian Science Monitor.
I believe I saw on your site a request for readers to donate money. Are people sending you money?
See answer above. We still accept donations but we are now focused on advertising. If folks want to help, the best thing they can do is contribute their stories, photos and videos. Send them to firstname.lastname@example.com or complete the submission form on our website.
How would you define the audience for Alaska Dispatch? What do your readers get from you that they cannot get elsewhere?
I don't think we really have a different audience than the ADN. Just like you, we're trying to attract readers who care about the state, who are interested in their communities and the news. But maybe because necessity is truly the mother of invention, or maybe because we just want to hear from folks, we want many of these stories to come directly from those who are experiencing them. We don't know how that's ultimately going to play out or what that's going to look like, but we do know that people across this state have interesting things to say, and there does seem to be a rapt audience for their stories. The buzz phrase of the day is "social networking," which is just another way of saying that people want to talk to each other. We'd like to be an outlet for the conversation.
On that note, Pat, we invite you and your employees to contribute to the Dispatch.
How do you measure audience, in page views, unique visitors, etc.? What's the current size of your audience?
We use both page views and unique visitors. Our page views have ranged from 40,000 a month to more than 120,000 a month and our unique visitors have ranged from 400 a day to more than 40,000 a day. Being a new website, we expected traffic to be sporadic.
If I understand correctly, you and Amanda write for and have responsibility for the site. About how many hours a week do you two devote to reporting, writing or editing for Alaska Dispatch? How do you take time off?
It's a second job. I'm not sure how many hours we devote weekly; at least 20 to 30 hours each. It's been double-duty the past couple months because we've had to maintain the old site and build the new one, which launched Monday. As for time off, we got a vacation in after Christmas. During that time, we did not update the site regularly. Taking time off is a challenge, but we hope to enlist others to help maintain the site so we can have a break occasionally.
I understand your principal income is from free-lance writing and reporting. Does that work pose any conflicts with your Alaska Dispatch publishing? Is it synergistic?
No conflicts to date. But it has provided numerous synergies. Many of the stories I come across don't rise to a national level, and thus Bloomberg News and Newsweek pass on them. The Dispatch gives me an outlet to publish them or pass the ideas along to contributors. Secondly, my freelance work keeps me in the game as a reporter and up to date with the current issues. If I wasn't freelancing regularly, the Dispatch would be much harder to justify. I'd be too busy searching for work to have time to run an online magazine.
You asked me a lot of questions about the sustainability of newspaper publishing. Do you think a blogging project like Alaska Dispatch is sustainable? Can you imagine a day when the blog would provide you with the conventional features of employment: a salary, vacation, health insurance, a retirement plan, etc.
I wouldn't be doing all this if I didn't think it was sustainable, but then again, you and I might have different definitions of the word. (And I should say that I think we have moved beyond a blog.)
That doesn't mean I'm taking your question lightly. There are a many Alaska businesses, particularly small companies, looking for an affordable place to advertise. And many of these businesses are beginning to get used to the idea of doing so online. As a result, a few online Alaska-based news sites are bound to have some measure of success. Perhaps the Dispatch will be among those to take root. For now, we'll have to continue with sweat equity and asking friends and strangers alike for help.
I don't believe the traditional publishing and compensation model is the wave of the future. As you know, health care costs are crippling businesses nationwide; no doubt insurance is a big cost for McClatchy. People have sacrificed their creative impulses to work for companies that provide health care and retirement plans only to find their employers scaling back their benefits. As far as job security, I'm not sure I know anybody, outside of government, who truly feels secure in their job. That goes for many newspaper reporters and editors.
Our long-term vision, which seems to be in line with other startups, is to contract with editors and freelancers, all based out of their homes, and contribute to their health care and work expenses. This is basically how I am compensated by Bloomberg News, and I believe it will be a growing model in the Internet publishing world. (Health care is still a major issue, even if contractors are compensated so they can purchase individual insurance plans. Hopefully someday the self-employed will be allowed to pool for coverage and not be excluded by preexisting conditions.)
Compared to a daily newspaper, what is the role of local blogs in serving the information needs of a community?
I'm not sure what others are getting out of reading blogs, but I often find different perspectives than those in daily newspapers. Some blogs provide a rougher, edgier look at the news. Some make you feel like you're in a living room, listening to a monologue. Some are doing original reporting, which is always a good thing. But ultimately, I'm not sure its ever going to be up to me to decide the information needs of the community. As you well know, readers do a pretty good job of telling us that. And so far, the message seems to be they want a range of information from a variety of media sources.
Do you consider Alaska Dispatch to be primarily a source of original reporting, a place for commentary about news reported elsewhere, or a place to republish interesting content you've found elsewhere?
The goal is to achieve all the above, which of course will take time. So far, we've published more than original 400 stories, from opinion and analysis to original news and investigative reporting to feature writing and dining reviews. And if Amanda's doesn't kick me out of the house for turning our abode into a newsroom, we'll continue to plug away.
Do you pay any of the writers who contribute to your site?
Not yet. We hope we can do that this year.
What do you think has been your site's biggest success so far?
Bringing together more three dozen Alaskans to produce a new outlet for news, opinion, features, arts, photography and video. Being mentioned in The New Yorker wasn't that bad either.


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"Forgiveness. In the Holy Qur'an Allah uses three different words to mean "forgive":
'Afa. Forgave, in the sense of obliterating the memory of wrondoing from one's mind.
Safaha. Forgave, in the sense of overlooking, ignoring or turning away from misdeeds.
Maghflra. Comes from one of the ninety-nine Attributes of Allah, "Al-Ghafur", which means to forgive again and again."
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Fix the agitator in Kenmore 70 Series washing machine
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I have a Kenmore 70 Series top load washing machine. Model # 82870120. It started making grinding noise. The agitator does not move during operation. I also noticed a burning smell, like a belt, but if it was a belt, it wouldn't be grinding, or would it? With the washer off, you can spin the agitator clockwise by hand, but not counterclockwise. I have read that there is something you can replace in the agitator itself. If you have any advice, I would greatly appreciate it. Thank you for your time.Be the first to comment
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Having this happen can be concerning. While you are waiting on an expert to answer your question, the model number you have provided was incorrect. A suggestion I have is to go over your model number and add it to this thread so you can get a better answer from the experts!
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Follow Washington influence using Sunlight's Lobbying Tracker tools for keeping up with K street. Keep checking this page as we add more resources and tools to LobbyTrack.
Lobbyist registrations
Barnes & Thornburg for Protective Group Inc
Date received: April 23, 2013
Issues: Defense
Specific issue: DoD contracts for armor and aircraft armor.
Corrigan, Joseph
HICKEY (CONT ), DAVID (covered positions: Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations;; Manager, Clerk of the House of Representatives )
Hickey, David (covered positions: Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations;; Investigator, Senate Cmt. on Governmental Affairs/ )
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TV actor Rishabh Sinha, who is currently seen in "Qubool Hai", is in awe of his co-star and onscreen brother Karan Singh Grover.
Karan and Rishabh, who play step brothers Ayaan and Asaad in the Zee TV show, share a great camaraderie on the set.
"Karan bhai has been very kind to me. Since this is my first acting stint, he consistently helps me with my scenes and gives me acting tips. I'm totally in awe of his physique, his sense of style and his persona. He has an amazing screen presence," said Rishabh.
"You can't help but notice him even if he is lurking somewhere behind in the frame. And don't even ask about his fan following. That is so crazy! I have never seen women go berserk after a television star," he added.
Rishabh says he strives to achieve a status like Karan.
"He not only helps me professionally, but has also taken care of me on my personal front since I have just shifted base to Mumbai from Delhi. I strive to achieve the status he has achieved," he said.
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Model (MX-P50A), MPN (MX-P50A), Max. Output Power (50 W), Frequency Band(s) (HF), Supported Modes (AM),
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Last week I swapped the London drizzle for the blue skies of Los Angeles, taking in a host of glitzy parties all in the name of fashion. Tis a hard life indeed. With endless cocktails, openings and lunches to attend, the trip required some serious packing from sunshine friendly essentials (remember those?) to eveningwear. The two big parties of the week were in celebration of Diane Von Furstenberg's exhibition Journey of a Dress next to LACMA and Tory Burch's Rodeo Drive flagship store opening. But there was plenty of time in between to explore… from dropping into JBrand's sprawling downtown factory to taking a historical tour of the Beverly Hills Hotel to visiting both Diane Von Furstenberg and her son Alex's homes, the schedule was jam packed. To get the full story, click through the gallery below - KO
LA Diaries: From Diane Von Furstenberg's Journey of a Dress to Tory Burch's Rodeo Drive Flagship Opening
Click Through To See The Full LA Diary
Diane Von Furstenberg Journey of A Dress Opening Party
The legendary DvF introduced us to her army of dresses, each showcased by a mannequin modelled to look just like her. Studio 54 was recreated with disco balls and a heaving bar, while the guestlist of A-listers included Gwyneth Paltrow, Demi Moore, Uma Thurman & Rooney Mara.
Chez Diane
The next day I set off to meet with Diane in her beautiful home, followed by a delicious organic BBQ at her son, Alex's house. Stunning views across the hills.
Hotels, Blow Outs and Sexy Jeans
The two hotels I stayed at - The Sunset Tower Hotel and The Four Seasons were faultless as was the immaculate blow dry I got at Dry Bar in Beverly Hills. I also took the opportunity to head downtown to check out JBrand's factory and got mesmerised by the incredible archive of Houlihans. Tip for S/S14? Bubblegum pink.
Classic LA
No stay in LA would be complete with a little stardust so I snooped around the Beverly Hills Hotel for a history tour then reclined by the pool afterwards. Stops at Soho House and Chateau Marmont ticked off more LA hot spots.
Tory Burch Rodeo Drive Flagship
The next day I popped down to Tory Burch's brand new Rodeo Drive store to speak to the lady herself. Also on show was the Rodeo Drive capsule - created exclusively for the store opening. The coral reef inspired sandals are to die for.
Tory Burch Rodeo Drive Flagship Store Opening
The next evening a team of journos hit Tory's opening party. Sipping on Moet and Tory's favourtie cocktail Southeside cocktail we waited for the stars to arrive...
Tory Burch Rodeo Drive Flaship Store Opening
Another glitzy guestlist included Jessica Alba, Liberty Ross and out favourite little lady Kiernan Shipka.
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"Make no little plans. They have no magic to stir men's blood and probably themselves will not be realized. Make big plans; aim high in hope and work, remembering that a noble, logical diagram once recorded will never die, but long after we are gone will be a living thing, asserting itself with ever-growing insistency. Remember that our sons and grandsons are going to do things that would stagger us. Let your watchword be order and your beacon beauty. Think big."—
Daniel Burnham, arquitecto de Chicago. (1864-1912)
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