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Kammeon Holsey
Forward Georgia Tech
January 22, 2014 Kammeon Holsey News
RotoWire Fantasy Analysis
Holsey managed 13 points, three rebounds, two dimes and one block at Boston College on Tuesday.
Holsey is averaging 7.4 points and 5.1 rebounds per contest.
Kammeon Holsey: Past News Updates ( ▲ View most recent update )
November 15, 2013
RotoWire Fantasy Analysis
Holsey notched 10 points and 12 rebounds in Friday's 80-71 win over Georgia.
It was Holsey's first double-double of the year. The 12 rebounds were a career-high.
January 24, 2013
RotoWire Fantasy Analysis
Holsey scored 18 points and had a season-high nine rebounds Wednesday in the loss to North Carolina.
The 18 points were also a season-high, matching his scoring output in the first game of the season against Tulane. The 6-8 junior is averaging 9.2 points and 5.0 rebounds per game this season.
February 27, 2012
RotoWire Fantasy Analysis
Holsey talled 16 points and 10 rebounds against Maryland on Saturday.
With Glen Rice, Jr. suspended, Holsey will likely pick up the slack for the Yellow Jackets.
February 19, 2012
RotoWire Fantasy Analysis
Holsey had 18 points, five rebounds and two dimes at Virginia Tech on Saturday.
Holsey shot 6-for-10 from the floor, as well as 6-of-6 from the free-throw line.
January 21, 2012
RotoWire Fantasy Analysis
Holsey paced the Yellow Jackets with 12 points against Virginia on Thursday.
It was an ugly overall performance for Georgia Tech, as they scored just 38 points as a team.
January 15, 2012
RotoWire Fantasy Analysis
Holsey led the Yellow Jackets with 11 points on 4-of-7 shooting at Maryland on Sunday.
The 6-8 forward is averaging 9.0 points and 4.8 rebounds per game this season.


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Nothing beats a truly clever play on words. Case in point: Miami City Ballets Open Barre event, where there will be, of course, an open bar. Ba-dum-ching!
MCB will be hosting a sneak peek performance of George Balanchines The Nutcracker, the most elaborately detailed production of the season. This weekend only, join the company for a special viewing of scenes from the holiday staple followed by a lecture -- with plenty of time to munch on free hors doeuvres and sip cocktails beforehand. As part of the companys Dancer Journal initiative, Open Barre aims to explore remarkable topics related to the company. This event allows guests to booze and schmooze with new members, and gives cultured types a chance to glance behind the scenes of the companys grandest ballet of the year. The open bar will run from 6:30 to 7:00 p.m., with the performance and lecture to follow. It all takes place tonight and Saturday at the Ophelia and Juan Js. Roca Center.
Nov. 9-10, 2007

subset: commoncrawl


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Genre: Romantic Suspense, General Romantic Suspense
This Home Valley Amish trilogy finale brings shades of the movie Witness to the page, in a pulse-pounding, man-and-woman-on-the-run adventure. You won't be disappointed in the ride!
Alex Caldwell is hiding out until after the trial of his boss, who made illegal deals with the Chinese. After his cover is blown, he's stashed with the Amish, in Ohio. He actually finds his humanity there, especially once he meets Ella Lantz. Ella is somewhat content with her life, but there's a restlessness that plagues her. When his cover is blown again, Alex and Ella go on the run, with Ella's feisty grosmamm (grandma) as chaperone. There's more than one bad guy out there, so the trio is constantly on guard, but as a team, they can conquer it all. (MIRA, Oct., 329 pp., $14.95)
Reviewed By: Jacqui McGugins
Publisher: MIRA
Published: October 2012


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Trailer: Tyrese Presents "A Black Rose That Grew Through Concrete"
This Sunday, March 31st, a full documentary on Tyrese and his childhood/career will be shown on his official website, tyreseonline.com. Fans wouldn't want to miss it.
In the meantime, check out this official trailer as well as his latest album, Open Invitation. Look out for him in the upcoming Fast & Furious 6 as well, hitting theaters on May 24th.
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Tags: Tyrese Tyrese Gibson video


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In respect to today's possibly-all-time-highest-temperature-ever-recorded scorching day in Toronto (38 degrees!), here is a remastered version of Between Frogs. As I learn more about music production I'm able to go back sometimes and see where I can make things hotter. I also had an inclination to do another Mother 3 arrangement (though I haven't decided which one) and what better way to prep for the future than to revisit the past.
Between Frogs is one of my favourite musical collaborations I've done yet, with Warren Bray's sizzling bass and Chris Semoff's hot flash guitar. The song is essentially a cover of a Shogo Sakai song calledHappy Town? from the game Mother 3 (with some added jamming on our parts). Enjoy, and listen in a cool, dry environment.


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What to Know Before You Go: The Big Questions to Ask Before Arriving at Your "Accessible" Recreation Destination
Every day millions of people participate in recreational activities. Recreation activities offer avenues for people with disabilities to improve their health, their relationships, and their enjoyment of life. In fact, recreational pursuits centered on physical activity and social engagement can help to prevent secondary health problems such as obesity and depression. Physical activity during recreation promotes weight-loss, strength, flexibility, motor skills and self-confidence. Socializing during recreation enables people to create new relational bonds and strengthen old ones, leaving the individual with an enhanced self-image and expanded social skills.
For people with disabilities, participating in recreation can have lasting impact that significantly improves their quality of life. However, the accessibility of a recreation program or facility can affect the individual's experience and overall satisfaction with the experience. One of the most frequently asked questions to NCPAD and NCA is, "where can I find accessible recreation opportunities?" This article will guide visitors in their search for accessible recreation facilities and programs. We will explore some areas where you can conduct initial searches for programs, who to contact and what questions to ask before arriving at your recreation destination.
Background on Access to Recreation Facilities & Programs
Federal laws such as the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) and the Architectural Barriers Act (ABA) require facilities to be accessible to people with disabilities. For example, all newly constructed parks, playgrounds, swimming pools, museums, theaters, federal buildings, government facilities, and places of public accommodation are required to comply with federal accessibility design guidelines.
In addition, Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 and Title II of the ADA require programs and services to be made accessible to people with disabilities. Programs and services provided by the federal government, units of state and local government, along with private businesses, are prohibited from discriminating against people with disabilities. For example, a person who is blind or visually impaired must receive the same opportunities and benefits from a program as a person who is sighted. To achieve this, the site will need to use effective communication to convey interpretive, safety and site design information. (For more information, see Recreation Access Rights under the ADA by John N. McGovern, JD)
To assist in understanding the physical accessibility of a site; visitors with disabilities should become familiar with the accessibility guidelines developed by the U.S. Access Board. These guidelines are available online at www.access-board.gov and cover physical access to buildings as well as recreation environments. For assistance applying these guidelines to a recreational activity or facility, contact the National Center on Accessibility (www.ncaonline.org).
Where to look
A number of organizations collect and promote accessible recreation, sports, travel, and tourism opportunities. However, a comprehensive clearinghouse of information on the vast subject of leisure or physical activity does not exist. Thus, people interested in pursuing recreational opportunities or new areas of interest may need to search more specifically to that area of interest. There are some "starting points" in every community to link you to new areas of leisure interests.
The National Center on Physical Activity and Disability has developed a database of programs related to physical activity and disability. The database is available online and searchable by state. An individual with a disability, family member or caregiver can search for program opportunities in their local community.www.ncpad.org
Many local park and recreation departments publish a listing of their program offerings and area attractions in annual or quarterly community guides. The guides are sometimes distributed by mail, inserted in the Sunday section of the local newspaper or available at news stands in neighborhood grocery stores. Check with your local park and recreation department for a print copy. Some park and recreation departments also make the listing available on their web site.
Travel guides
PN (Paraplegia News) Magazine, this publication of the Paralyzed Veterans Association provides news and information to people who use wheelchairs. Information on accessible travel destinations is included in the feature entitled Travel Tips.
Emerging Horizons: Accessible Travel News is an accessible travel magazine with a focus on travelers with mobility impairments. The Emerging Horizons web site also contains a searchable database of accessible travel destinations.
The Society for Accessible Travel and Hospitality(SATH) is a non-profit membership organization focusing on expanding travel opportunities for people with disabilities. Information on the SATH website includes travel tips, information for travel agents, and airline accessibility.
Access-able Travel Source is an online resource for accessible destinations, transportation, travel agents, and stories from travelers with disabilities.
Many large cities like San Diego, Atlanta and New Orleans have great recreational opportunities such as museums, theaters, sports venues, shopping and dining. A number of large cities now have accessibility guide booklets informing potential visitors as to the accessibility of various attractions in the area.
AAA Travel Guide
The renowned AAA Motor Club has published travel guides for many years. AAA now features a series of travel guides to large cities highlighting accessible destinations in each of the cities. Check your local AAA Motor Club or bookstore for the travel guides.
Convention & visitors bureaus
Many cities have convention and visitors bureaus created with the distinctive purpose of promoting activities and attractions in the surrounding area. While they are mostly used by visitors to the city, they are underutilized by local citizens. Area convention and visitors bureaus can serve as a valuable resource and help to answer that age old question, "What is there to do around here?"
Official Travel Guide
Official travel directory of the International Association of Convention and Visitors Bureaus http://www.officaltravelguide.com
International Association of Convention and Visitors Bureaus
Directory of Members
National and state parks, forests and wildlife refuges
From Arcadia National Park and the Appalachian Mountains to Yellowstone and Yosemite, there are plenty of outdoor recreation opportunities in your own background or any place you would like to travel to in the country. Several federal, state and local land management agencies print park and facility guides which specifically detail the accessible features at each attraction.
National Park Service
General Website - www.nps.gov
Accessibility Page - www.nps.gov/access/index.html
Public Inquiries Line - (202) 208-4747
USDA Forest Service
General Website - www.fs.fed.us
Accessibility Page - http://www.fs.fed.us/contactus/accessibility.shtml
Information Phone Number - With 175 National Forests and Grasslands from Alaska to Puerto Rico, Maine to California covering 191 million acres, the best way to get information is to use the general website to locate a National Forest or Grassland of your interest and contact that unit directly.
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
General Website - www.fws.gov
General Inquiries - (800) 344-9453
Bureau of Land Management
General Website - www.blm.gov
Office of Public Affairs; Public Inquiries - (202) 452-5125
Bureau of Reclamation
General Website -www.usbr.gov
Information Phone Number - (202) 513-0575
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
General Website - www.usace.army.mil
Recreation Inquiries - (202) 761-4751
State Departments of Natural Resources
U.S. Department of Agriculture- http://www.usda.gov/wps/portal/!ut/p/_s.7_0_A/7_0_1OB?navtype=SU&navid=NATURAL_RESOURCES U.S. department of Agriculture Natural Resources Conservation Service- http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/
Park and recreation departments
The National Recreation and Park Association is the national membership organization of more than 2,100 community park and recreation providers in the United States. Check the yellow pages of your phone book under "recreation" for your local park and recreation department. Or search NRPA's directory for park and recreation agencies in your state.
Schools, local colleges
Colleges and universities throughout the nation provide fee-based recreation activities, including fitness and wellness programs. These activities are available to the public as well as to students, faculty, and staff of the college. Colleges also have opportunities for the sports enthusiast to catch exciting intercollegiate contests in their area of interest including football, basketball, and track and field. For those interested in the cultural arts, many college campuses also include museums of art or natural history, musical arts centers, auditoriums, and theaters.
Community centers and Y's
Community centers provide physical space where community members can participate in social and recreational programs, and hold neighborhood and political meetings. Different cultural, religious, or civic groups may own the centers. Check your local yellow pages listings for "Community Centers" or "Community Organizations." City park and recreation departments also manage community centers; contact your local recreation department for more information.
With over 2,500 locations throughout the United States, the YMCA is the largest non-profit community association in America. Each YMCA offers a unique blend of programs and services, from childcare to art and fitness classes. YMCA's can be found under "Exercise and Physical Fitness Programs" in your yellow pages. Or, use the following link to find a location near you: www.ymca.net
Similar to the YMCA, the YWCA offers wellness and recreational programs geared more specifically towards women and children. Find a YWCA in your area by checking the yellow page listings in your local phone directory or search the YWCA web site. http://www.ywca.org/site/pp.asp?c=djISI6PIKpG&b=284783
The Boys and Girls Club of America youth organization provides children with structured programs in arts, education, the environment, recreation, leadership, and health. With 3,400 locations, including Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands, the Boys and Girls Club of America has served more than 4 million boys and girls. Check the yellow pages under "Youth Organizations and Centers" or go online to search for the nearest club. www.bgca.org/clubs
Special interest groups and private clubs
Perhaps you already have an interest in taking up a particular recreational activity like water skiing, mountain biking or scrap booking. Many activities such as these have local community groups and private clubs center on bringing together people with similar interest. The easiest place to start your search is in the Yellow Pages under your topic of interest like kayaking, running or skiing. Two other places to make inquiries: your local park and recreation department and local sporting goods store. Many local park and recreation departments have working relationships with special interests groups especially if the group uses a facility of the parks department. Your local park and recreation department can get you the contact information for groups like the local figure skaters club and men's garden club. If your area of interest uses sports equipment, networking with the local sporting goods stores is also a good start. Sporting goods store staff working in the bike department may be able to tell you where some of the best bike trails are in the surrounding community, while other staff in the running apparel department can tell you about the local running clubs, fun runs and mini-marathons coming up on the calendar.
Who to contact
Before venturing out on an excursion or getting started in any recreational activity, most park visitors with disabilities and their companions want to know the accessibility of a recreation facility or program before they arrive. This will require the visitors to identify their recreation interests and then contact the recreation provider directly to ask about accessibility, via telephone/TTY or e-mail.
Often, it is not as simple as calling the facility or program and asking the first person one speaks with "Is the swimming pool and swim lesson program accessible?" because that person may not be knowledgeable about accessibility. The person who answers the phone may respond, "yes, it is accessible" to all questions regarding accessibility, but they may not be trained to identify accessibility features according to federal guidelines. The process of getting the right person on the phone may take longer than anticipated, but it is well worth the effort.
Questions to ask
Once contact is made with appropriate facility or program staff, the next step is to ask questions specific to the individual's needs. These questions should focus on elements the visitor feels will enable participation and enjoyable use of the facility or program. While people with similar impairments (physical, sensory, cognitive) may have similar concerns and questions, this is not always the case. The needs of each individual are unique and may require a different level of access. To illustrate this point, consider an interpreter-led nature walk. A person with a hearing impairment may ask if an assistive listening system is available, while another may ask if the interpreter's discussion points are available in text. A visitor who is deaf may ask if a sign language interpreter is available. Additionally, a person with a visual impairment may inquire if there are touchable elements on the tour, while another may ask for audio description. These are but a few elements that may be necessary for an individual to enjoy this particular program.
Preparing a set of questions about recreational accessibility may appear time-consuming and challenging to some. To jump-start the process, the following is a short list of disability-specific questions from which recreation-seekers can formulate more individualized questions. Remember: these sample questions are not all-inclusive; each individual will have specific needs and interests.
General Questions
People with mobility impairments
- Is accessible parking available? If so, how many spaces are available and are any van accessible?
- Is the entrance to the facility accessible? What surface material is used for the route to and through the site? Is it grass, pea gravel, sand or wood chips? If so, this area may not be accessible for people using mobility devices.
Participation Fees:
- Is a fee required to visit the site or participate in the program? If so, is a personal assistant also required to pay the fee?
Site Amenities and Information:
- What are the amenities of the site?
- Are there accessible bathrooms, drinking fountains, concessions?
- Is a brochure available indicating the accessible features of the site and program? "
- What is the policy towards service animals?
- Is there a relief area for my service animal?
For people with sensory impairments
- What are the amenities of the site? Are there bathrooms, drinking fountains, concessions?
- Is program information provided in alternative formats?
- Have programs been modified to accommodate visitors with sensory or cognitive impairments? Please describe what modifications have been made?
- Does the site provide a public use TTY? Where is it located?
- What are the site policies for guide animals?
- Is Braille provided on informational and directional signage?
Facility-specific questions
Campsite Type:
- Do you have accessible campsites? How many accessible campsites are available?Is there a reservation system or is it available on a first-come first-serve basis?Is the RV camping space a minimum of 20 feet wide for RV parking and proper lift operation? " Is the tent camping on a tent pad or platform?Is clear space around the tent pad or platform wide enough to accommodate a wheelchair?
Campsite Amenities:
- What accessible site amenities are available? (grills, fire rings, picnic tables, comfort stations/bathrooms)
- Is there a 48 inch by 48 inch firm and stable surface immediately adjacent to the grill?
- Is the height of the cooking surface between 15 inches and 34 inches so as to be reached by a person seated in a wheelchair?
- Are operable parts easily used without tight grasping, pinching, or twisting of the wrist, and do they require less than five pounds of force to operate?
Fire Rings:
- Is there a 48 inch by 48 inch firm and stable surface immediately adjacent to the fire ring?
- Is the fire building surface nine inches or more above the ground surface?
- Is there a raised edge around the fire ring; if so, is the combined distance over the edge or curb down to the fire building surface 24 inches or less?
Picnic Tables:
- Are accessible picnic tables available in favorite picnicking spots; both sun and shade, and with views comparable to inaccessible tables?
- Are picnic tables provided at each campsite or only in common areas?
- Are the picnic tables fixed to the ground or moveable?
- Are the accessible picnic tables located on a firm and stable surface and accessible route?
- Is the wheelchair accessible seating space in the middle of the table, on the end of the table or on the side?
- Do the accessible picnic tables have a wheelchair seating space that is at least 27 inches high, 30 inches wide, and 19 inches deep with a 9-inch high toe clearance at least 24 inches deep?
Comfort Stations and Pit Toilets:
- What type of restroom and bathing facilities are provided?
- Is there an accessible route from the accessible camping to the accessible comfort station or pit toilet? What is the surface material of this route? Does the route maintain a running slope of 1:20 or less, or are there areas where it is steeper?
- Is there an accessible stall with a minimum depth of 56-59 inches and width of 60 inches? Are grab bars provided?
- Does the pit toilet have a minimum clear space of 60 inches by 60 inches with a maximum slope of 1:50 adjacent to the toilet? " Is the surface firm and stable?
- Does the pit toilet have walls? If so, are grab bars provided?
- Is there an accessible room? Does it have the amenities you desire?
- Does the bed frame create a solid box underneath the bed thereby hindering the use of transfer lifts which must slide under the bed?
- Are communications like fire alarms, alarm clocks and message waiting indicators audible and visual, and usable by people with hearing impairments or visual impairments?
- Are TTY's available?
- If you are deaf or hard of hearing, how will you know when someone (say room service) is at your door?
- Is there a pool? If so, does the pool have a sloped entry or pool lift?
- Is there an exercise room? If so, are there accessible routes to the equipment? Can the equipment be used while seated in a wheelchair?
Museums and exhibits:
- Are exhibits in the museum visible to a person in a seated position?
- Are brochures, playbills/programs, exhibit text and interpretive handouts available in Braille, large print, audio or computer disk? How far in advance must these be requested?
- Is a sign anguage interpreter available? How much advance notice is required?
- Are tactile maps, models and objects included in exhibits? Theater and sport venues
- Does the site provide accessible seating areas?
- What is the nature of the accessible seating? Are there stadium seats that can be folded away and removed to provide a wheelchair seating space, or will a person with a disability need to transfer from his wheelchair?
- If transfers are required, where will the wheelchair be stored? Is the storage next to the patron or in a place that will require an attendant to retrieve the device upon request?
- Is accessible seating available at all price levels? Are comparable lines of sight provided in these price levels?
- How many companion seats are available per accessible seat? Is the companion seating next to, in front of, or behind the accessible seating?
- When are the accessible seats opened for purchase by people without disabilities? (After the rest of the price level is sold out, after the entire venue is sold out, 1 hour prior to the show, etc.)
- Is there a 36-inch wide area of the counter that is 36 inches or less above the floor at the ticketing, merchandise, and other retail counters?
- What is the venue's policy on service animals?
- Is an assistive listening device available? If so, what type?
- Is real-time captioning available for performances?
- Are sign language interpreters available for performances?
The questions provided in this article are by no means an all-inclusive or mandatory list. These questions also do not ensure finding an accessible recreation facility. In fact, many of the questions will not apply to everyone and will not cover all potential aspects of accessibility at the site. However, asking questions specific to your needs will increase the likelihood of an enjoyable experience.
Remember the visitor is the best person to decide if a recreation venue suits his/her specific needs. Do not hesitate to ask questions which you feel are important. While venues may advertise accessibility for people with disabilities, a little time spent investigating the site may avoid unpleasant surprises in the long run. Asking the recreation site staff pertinent questions will increase your chances of having an accessible and successful visit.
So you decided to spend a hot summer day with family at the local swimming pool. You called the pool in advance to find out if a swimming pool lift was available for your wife who uses a wheelchair. The pool staff affirmed they did have a lift and it was set up for use. However, after getting to the pool, you and your wife discover the lift is not operational since it has not been used very often or checked during routine maintenance inspections. When you reported the problems with the lift to the pool staff during your visit, the pool staff called for maintenance on the lift. In a matter of 15-20 minutes, the lift was again operational and you and your wife were able to enjoy the hot summer day in the pool.
It is especially important for people with disabilities to give continuous feedback to event staff, program coordinators and facility managers on the effectiveness of accessibility features within specific programs, services and facilities. Operational dollars have been designated to make accessibility improvements. However, if the accessibility improvements are not functional or effective, they have not served their purpose of creating an equal opportunity to participate in and benefit from the program or activity for people with disabilities. Thus, continuous feedback from consumers with disabilities can help park and recreation professionals to improve their facilities and services to best meet the needs of all of their visitors and participants. Let the park staff know when an accessible element is not working or effective and let them know how they can improve it for future visitors. Further recognize that one of the most commonly heard complaints from park and recreation professionals is that they have spent money to make accessibility improvements, but still the park, facility, program or accessible element goes unused by people with disabilities. When you have an enjoyable experience at a park, recreation program or facility, also be sure to let the staff know that as well. The program staff and facility managers especially want to know that they are serving their customers well. They will appreciate your compliment and most likely continue to work diligently to provide programs and facilities that are accessible and usable to visitors of all abilities.
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Parenting is a tough job, maybe the toughest there is. It can be both incredibly rewarding and frustrating at the same time. This article will discuss parent/child communication and provide some key tips for improving it as well as improving your parenting experience.
Imagine how your child will interpret what you tell him! It's important for your kids to feel that what you say is true and that they can trust you.
Avoid disrupting your small child's eating and sleeping routines when you are traveling. Travel can be extremely stressful for young children and infants. Maintaining the same schedule and rituals as you do at home will allow your child to settle in his or her new environment, ideally letting everyone get plenty of sleep.
Toddlers and infants should never be given soda, regular OR diet. Your young child should drink milk, juice or water to get the vitamins and nutrients he or she needs.
If you have kids living in your home, you should never smoke inside the dwelling. It might be a good time to think about quitting once and for all. Secondhand smoke can cause just as many problems as smoking yourself. Children who are exposed to second-hand smoke on a regular basis are at greater risk for developing respiratory illnesses, asthma and cancer.
No two children are the same. What works on one child may be completely ineffective on the next. The manner in which children are rewarded or punished will likely vary as well. You have to remember all the techniques you have used before.
Focus on creating a clear, positive set of household rules without being too prohibitive. This makes it easier for all family members to coexist peacefully. Instead of saying 'don't hit,' try saying 'touch gently.'
To keep toddlers from becoming bored with toys or forgetting about items buried in the toy box, rotate their toys regularly. The novelty of a new toy wears off quickly if it is not a favorite, especially for young children. This will save you the expense of buying new toys regularly and your child will have more fun discovering and rediscovering toys.
When you are traveling, bring those items that are seen as comfort to your toddler or young child. A vacation should be a fun and relaxing break for the family, but to a young child it may just seem like a disruption in their routine. Giving children a special toy or security blanket helps them in big changes.
Make sure that you know it might take awhile for your stepchild to get used to you. Many kids whose parents are separated experience serious resentment. If you take it slow, let them warm up to you over time and don't rush anything, they will eventually learn to get along with you.
Put what you have learned from reading this article to use to become a happier and more involved parent. Being A Parent is a lot like gardening; it takes a lot of preparation and work, but the end product is indescribably beautiful.


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in Local Sports
The Royals looked more like the Royals Wednesday night in Kansas City.
The Minnesota Twins have declined their $3.6 million option for 2015 on reliever Jared Burton, who gets a $200,000 buyout and becomes eligible for free agency after the World Series.


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My Ozeri Green Earth pan is my favorite frying pan. It's the only frying pan I use or plan to use in the future. I've tried nonstick frying pans in the past and I've tried cast iron frying pans. Up to this point I did not have any luck with any of my pans in regards to food sticking. I threw one away one time because the ingredients stuck to it to the point I didn't think I could clean it, and even if I could, I found the pan useless. For the past few weeks I've said a silent blessing every time I've used my new Textured Ceramic Nonstick Frying Pan.
I received a 10″ Ozeri pan to review. The measurements for this pan are 18 x 11 x 2 inches. I'll start from the outside mentioning a few things that I like about the pan. The handle is bolted on the outside. It has a nice long handle on it with a rubber grip. On the end is loop for hanging the pan if desired. The 2 inch height of the pan is nice and generous. I can fry an entire chicken in it without worrying about the oil running over the side. The bottom of the pan is textured. The outside bottom resembles circles and the inside reminds me of honeycombs. It's coated with non harmful chemicals so I feel safe cooking with this for my family. The frying pans come in three sizes; 8, 10 and 12 inch. I'm planning to buy the 12″ Green Earth Frying Pan next. I haven't made up my mind on the 8″ yet.
If I could change anything about this product it wouldn't be about the pan itself, it's perfect. It would only be that a lid was included with the pan. However, a lid can be purchased separately.
Ozeri is participating in my Ultimate Family Mystery Giveaway along with numerous other wonderful sponsors. If you would like to earn some bonus entries for that giveaway, to try to win one of these amazing frying pans, click here to see how.
I received one or more of the above mentioned products free to help facilitate my review.


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Word: délégué
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Ives Prewar Passenger Train Pullman 2 # 135 & 1 # 136
Ives Prewar Passenger Train Pullman 2 # 135 & 1 # 136
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Sold Date: 04/14/2011
Channel: Online Auction
Source: eBay
Category: Toys, Dolls, Games & Puzzles
Up For Auction:3 Prewar Ives Pullman train cars (1929) ~O~ Gauge Two # 135 Parlor Cars One # 136 Observation Car These 3 Pullmans are in great shape for their age ~ In the 4 pictures you are seeing both sides of each car. There are no brass rings around the doors on the ends of these cars All cars have interior lights - lights have been tested and they all work. I can't tell if these have been repainted or not, if so it was a great job, and done a long time ago The cars do show some wear from age and do have some scratches ~ Buying as is ~ ~ No Reserve ~ Please e-mail us with any Questions & thanks for looking
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Route Grade Votings
Total votes cast 2
Adjacent Routes
25m. A fierce technical exercise on good rock once established on the meat of the line. Start up Face Route (wires required) and move out left from the corner to the line of bolts. Lower-off just right of the overhang.
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AT&T's impact on the residential security market
Dealers say telco's entry could benefit entire industry
"The independent dealers are going to have to realize this isn't your father's alarm company anymore. Things are changing," he said. "Technology has moved and allowed these companies to come in, specifically the Z-Wave technology that has brought automation and control into the homes. Customers are now going to demand it. They're going to see this stuff coming out, they're going to see this advertising and if you're not on that bandwagon and you're not offering the products that these other companies are offering, you could find yourself left in the dust."
Where McVeigh said smaller dealers can differentiate themselves is in the level of customer service that they can offer.
"There is a definite void. The larger companies are going to be looking towards this wireless technology and try to get the quick in and out, which is nice, but it's not all encompassing," he said. "There are a lot of customers out there that are going to want a more specialized, a more custom, and a more concierge-type feel to their installation. This is where these smaller companies are going to fit nicely into it and if they grasp that and take hold of the ability to go in and individually customize these systems for these customers."
Kessler said that although the telco and cable firms obviously have the capital to challenge the biggest companies in the industry, they will face the quandary of getting customers of these established dealers like ADT and Protection 1 to leave those companies who they've trusted for years.
Jim Callahan, president of Atlanta-based Ackerman Security Systems, said that he's seen a number of companies enter and exit the security industry during his 32 years in the business and that how AT&T will fair in the space remains to be seen. However, he believes that since their entry into the market is more technology driven with the utilization of iPhones and iPads to control a myriad of home devices, that they may have more staying power than previous entries by telcos who entered the industry will just a pure security play.
"In my opinion, at the end of the day, it's going to come down to execution and that's where these types of companies have failed. That's been their Achilles' heel," Callahan said. "I mean let's face it, the consumer's general perception of phone companies or cable companies is pretty low. They've been the butt of jokes on Saturday Night Live now for probably 25 years. I don't think the security industry is doomed. I believe we are all going to benefit from what's going on. What I think will be an interesting thing and what we need to watch is what level of success these companies can generate in the short term."
Though Kessler indicated that accounting for many of these large cable and communications firms has changed, Callahan said that because companies usually have to take a loss on installing security systems and equipment before they recoup that money in RMR over time, it will also be interesting to see how that plays with the company's management and investors.
"Initially that depresses earnings and the whole reason I think they're getting into this is to find ways to improve earnings so they seem to be diametrically opposed," he added. "The question will be will they be able to keep their boards and their shareholders happy while this is going on?"
One of the things that Callahan said his company has been focused on is educating their customers and the markets they serve that they also offer the services being touted by AT&T and others.
"I think the challenge will be for dealers who make the mistake of just sort of ignoring this," he said. "If an end user who is interested in these types of things -video, locks, lighting or energy savings - understands that a security provider offers these things, at the very least I believe they would make a comparison between what is being offered by the cable company or phone company and at the end of the day, because of the uphill that these organizations have with a perception of their service, many people will select their alarm provider because they are accustomed to that more hands-on, close relationship."
Brad Glore, past president of the Georgia Electronic Life Safety and Security Association and vice president of Columbus, Ga.-based United Monitoring Services, said that AT&T is going to have to make a "substantial investment" to be successful in the industry.


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Access "Boot Camp"
This article is part of the August 2005 issue of Betting the house on network anomaly detection systems
Policy & Process Whip your users into shape with security awareness training. Outsourcing: Calling in Reinforcements If you're ready to tackle the awareness challenge but lack the necessary resources, consider outsourcing. Turnkey awareness programs are available from a number of vendors, both large and small. Ask these important questions. Will training be in a classroom or online? If you have specialized needs, classroom training could be more effective, but this costs a lot of money and doesn't scale well to a large user base. Web-based training is convenient for the user and is an easy medium for comprehension quizzes. How will completion rates be tracked? Virtually every vendor has integrated tracking into their programs with regular reports (usually monthly) or online tools to do your own ad hoc queries. You'll eventually want to automate the process of disabling accounts with expired security training, so make sure the vendor will support you in this. What ongoing support is offered? Most vendors offer tools to support your day-to-day awareness ... Access >>>
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Symark Software's PowerKeeper 1.4
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Hot Pick: Elemental's Elemental Compliance System 1.1
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Wireless security review: Juniper Networks' Netscreen-5GT Wireless
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Devices, data and how enterprise mobile management reconciles the two
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Putting security on auto-pilot: What works, what doesn't
For so long penetration testing meant hiring an expert to use skill and savvy to try to infiltrate the company system. But, as with most ...


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This page shows floor plans of 100 most common HDB flat types and most representative layouts. Many other layouts exists, unique layouts with slanted rooms, as well as variations of the standard layouts, these usually have larger sizes.
Looking for certain town or flat type? Use Ctrl+F to search within this page.
Most-asked floor plans: 3STD 3I 4I – 3NG 4NG 5I – 3S 3A 4S 4A 5A - 1990s 4A 5I – 1990s Executive – 2000s 4A 5I EA – Maisonette – Jumbo – Pinnacle – Largest HDB flat
FAQ: age of HDB block? What islease commence date? Looking for .DWG floor plans?
Floor plan images redesigned in August 2014! Please leave comments!
This article is prone to be shared on Facebook… please post the link to main page www.teoalida.com WITHOUT /singapore/hdbfloorplans/, show to your friends ALL articles and info about HDB provided on website, not just 1 page!
1930s, 1940s, 1950s – SIT era
Singapore Improvement Trust set up in 1927, it ventured in public housing in 1932. In 32 years, SIT built only 23,000 apartments, housing 8.8% of Singapore population of 1959. What it built:
Lorong Limau, first houses by SIT, built 1932, no more info (source).
Tiong Bahru pre-war, 20 blocks, about 700 units, built around 1936, now conserved.
Tiong Bahru post-war, 54 blocks, about 1200 units, built in 1948-1953, half demolished in early 2000.
Alexandra North Estate, mostly terrace, demolished 1990s.
Guillemard Estate, mostly terrace, demolished in 1980s or 1990s.
Old Airport Estate, built from/around 1958, most of blocks demolished in early 2000s so no idea how many blocks had, at least 2000+ SIT units plus 438 HDB units.
Princess Elizabeth Flats Estate, built early 1950s, demolished 1978 or 1980s.
Princess Elizabeth Park Estate, 22-24 blocks, 6 3-storey and 2 7-storey, 162 units, rest shops, built 1951-1952, demolished 1996 (source).
Queenstown New Town, details below.
Redhill Estate, 21 7-storey blocks, 882 units, built in 1955, scheduled for demolition in 2017.
Silat Estate, 15 3/4-storey blocks, 262 units built in 1949/1952, demolished in 2011.
Whampoa Estate, mostly terrace, built late 1950s, demolished in 1990s except a small part
Unknown-name estate around Race Course Road / Owen Road / Norfolk Road.
Unknown-name estate around Petain Road.
Plus many small estates or isolated blocks in or around Central Area, demolished long time ago and forgotten.
Tiong Bahru Estate, old map and old aerial view (1936-1953)
Notice in the aerial view, 3 blocks under "Trust" word? they are on Outram Hill and I appreciate if anyone can tell me more info! (do not confuse with Outram Park built by HDB in 1963)
See more Tiong Bahru photos on Wikipedia
The four 9-storey blocks built in 1952 at Upper Pickering Street
(The first high-rise public housing in Singapore, with lifts. Last two demolished in 2003).
SIT block in Prinsep street (~1950)
Queenstown, the first "Satellite Town" being built far away from city, was started in 1952.
The first neighborhood – Princess Margaret Estate (today known as Dawson) was finished in 1959, the block 39 "Forfar House" with 14 storeys, was completed in 1956 and was the tallest residential building in Singapore until the 20-storey "Selegie House" built in 1963. Using the aerial photo, I count about 1700 units east of Commonwealth Avenue (blocks 31-128), cannot count the west side (blocks 1-30). Demolition began in late 1990s and was completed in 2001.
In late 1950s the work just begun for Neighborhood II – Duchess Estate and Neighborhood V – Queen's Close Estate, both were almost completely demolished in late 1990s.
SIT was dissolved in 1960 so HDB continued construction of Neighborhoods II and V, and started Neighborhood III – Commonwealth and Neighborhood IV – Tanglin Halt.
Beside the original plan, HDB added Neighborhood VI – Mei Ling (late 1960s) and Neighborhood VII – Buona Vista (comprising Dover, Ghim Moh and Holland Village – built 1970s), making a total of 7 neighborhoods.
Old map: British proposal of Queenstown composed mostly by terraced units, different than the actual town, vs HDB proposal in 1960 with redesigned Commonwealth and Tanglin Halt neighborhoods (notice that Mei Ling was not yet proposed)
Queenstown Princess Margaret Estate map and old photo of Forfar House
(notice that south-west part of map is a different proposal than what was actually built)
Old aerial views of Queenstown New Town, Princess Margaret (1952-1958) and Tanglin Halt (1962-1964)
(photos were originally on http://myheritage.com.sg – dead site)
SIT floor plans
Collection of Tiong Bahru Pre-War SIT blocks floorplans (3-room to 5-room):
Block floor plan proposals of 1950s SIT houses
After-War late 1940s / 1950s SIT blocks with 2-Room / 3-Room Standard flat, from Tiong Bahru and Redhill
SIT built 4-Room flats too, at least in Silat Estate (no floorplan available). There is NO evidence that SIT built 1-room flats.
Landed public housing
During 1950s (or even earlier), SIT also built terraced houses, two clusters survived: Jalan Bahagia (in Whampoa, 28 blocks, 200 units), Stirling Road (in Queenstown, 13 blocks, 84 units). Most units are 3-Room (originally 78 sqm), some units in Stirling Road are 4-Room (99 sqm). Over time, the owners expanded their houses, in some cases to over 200 sqm) according resale transactions) by building additional rooms in front, back and side of corner units.
1960s – HDB beginnings
HDB was founded in February 1960, shortly after People Action Party won national elections of 1959.
Construction areas were only in and around Central Area. In 1960s it started estates like Bukit Ho Swee, Brickworks, Henderson (in Bukit Merah); Bendemeer, Boon Keng, Kallang Bahru and Tanjong Rhu (in Kallang), Chai Chee (now part of Bedok), MacPherson (in Geylang), Upper Aljunied (in Toa Payoh), Taman Jurong (in Jurong West); construction continued for Queenstown, Old Airport and Whampoa, 3 estates inherit from SIT.
Construction of Toa Payoh, HDB's first truly New Town which incorporates a town centre and several neighborhoods, started in 1965.
The first HDB blocks built were Queenstown blk 45, 46, 49, 7-storey blocks styled like SIT.
In Master Plan 1958 you can see numerous terraced houses (planned by SIT and unbuilt) around Redhill and Whampoa. HDB changed housing typology to massive blocks with smaller flats and eliminated terraced houses.
1960s estates composed only by linear slab blocks (corridor style) in most common height of 10 storeys and usually with 12 units per floor, but several blocks were very long, plus 2-storey shophouses. Minimal distance between facades was not regulated, usually 15-30 metres.
HDB aimed to build 50000 dwelling units in first 5 years, so a simple brutalist architecture was chosen, in contrast with the Art Deco and Modernist themes used by SIT. Kampong clearance has been started.
Old photos from Bukit Ho Swee estate (built 1962-1964)
The 7-storey blocks in left side contains 1-Room Emergency flats.
Old aerial views of Toa Payoh New Town, first phase (built 1965-1973)
1960s typical HDB floor plans
During 1960s and 1970s, HDB flat types were 2/3/4-Room Standard (with WC) and Improved (with WC and shower). Also 1/2-Room Emergency flats, featuring double-loaded corridors. Floor plans without dimensions on HDB InfoWEB > Public Housing > Cost Effective Designs, the double-loaded corridor typology has been reused for 1-Room improved in late 1960s and 1970s. I am questioning if the 1-Room and Emergency flats were designed to help victims of Bukit Ho Swee fire in 1961 or were built also before the fire.
The floor areas have broad range, 1-Room (23-33 sqm), 2-Room (35-45 sqm), 3-Room (50-70 sqm), and unlike SIT, HDB built just very few 4-Room (70-85 sqm) in Outram Park, Henderson and Toa Payoh.
The only standing 2-room Emergency flats are blk 91, 92, 93 Henderson Rd , blk 1 Maude Rd, blk 2 Kitchener Rd.
I estimate average size during 1960s around 40-50 sqm.
1960-1970 slab blocks with 2-Room Standard (44-45 sqm), 3-Room Standard (50-55 sqm), 4-Room Standard (70-75 sqm)
Most blocks of this type were upgraded with utility rooms, some with bedroom extension including en-suite toilet.
1967-1978 (estimated years) slab block with 1-Room Improved (33 sqm)
The ONLY home ownership 1-room block is blk 7 Telok Blangah Crescent, all others are rental blocks and HDB never provide floorplans for rental flats.
Some 1-Room blocks are 2 meters wider, units 50 cm longer, larger facade slits and one additional window behind toilet (example blk 123 Bukit Merah View). Can somebody give me clues about the internal floor plan?
1967-1978 and 1982-1988 slab block with 2-Room Improved (44 sqm), 3-Room Improved (60 sqm), 3½-Room Improved (69 sqm)
Most blocks of this type were upgraded with 5-6 sqm utility rooms, these utility rooms vary in shape and size so that is why I posted here original floorplans without utility room.
1970-1978 slab block with 4-Room Improved (82-84 sqm or -88 sqm with kitchen extension), stairs for each two units.
JTC floor plans
Jurong Town Corporation established in 1968, it built:
Taman Jurong (built 1969-1974?, most demolished in 1990s and 2000s).
Boon Lay Gardens (built 1974-1978, mixed with HDB, most demolished in 1990s and 2000s).
Teban Gardens (built 1977-1978, mixed with HDB, some demolished in 2000s).
Pandan Gardens (built 1978-1979, all survived).
Sembawang (7 blocks demolished in 2004).
The 5-Room flats by JTC feature 2 entrance doors!
Anyone have a floor plan of the JTC 4-Room point blocks (zig-zag ones)? Last ones will be demolished in 2013.
1970s – New towns era
HDB planned to build a ring of New Towns around Central Water Catchment.
In early 1970s four new towns were started: Bedok, Marine Parade, Marsiling, Telok Blangah; also for smaller estates like Geylang Bahru (in Kallang); Aljunied, Haig, Eunos and Sims (in Geylang); Dover, Ghim Moh, Holland Village (in Queenstown); Pandan Gardens and Teban Gardens (in Jurong East); Boon Lay Gardens (in Jurong West); Farrer Road (in Bukit Timah), Lor Lew Lian (in Serangoon), Sin Ming (in Bishan). Construction continued in Toa Payoh (blocks 210-235).
In the second half of 1970s construction commenced for three more New Towns: Ang Mo Kio, Clementi / West Coast, Hougang (only several blocks), and for small estates like Hillview (in Bukit Batok, demolished in 2005), Nee Son (now part of Yishun), Teck Whye Estate (now part of Choa Chu Kang).
HDB also built Rural Centres, mini estates with several hundred flats to house farmers: Changi Village (considered in Pasir Ris), Kranji / Lim Chu Kang (abandoned from 2002), Punggol Road End (in Sengkang area, demolished in 2004), Seletar Road (in Serangoon area), Seletar West Farmway (in Sengkang area).
1970s generation estates were dominated by big slab block in most common heights of 12, 13 or 16 stories and usually with 14 or 18 units per floor, most were over 100 metres long, plus point blocks of 20 and 25 storeys, and 4-storey shophouses.
Unlike 1960s, most 1970s blocks have the first (ground) floor as void deck. Minimal distance between facades was 30 metres.
Ang Mo Kio (built 1976-1980) / Marine Parade (built 1975-1977)
Clementi (built 1976-1980) / Telok Blangah (built 1974-1980)
1970s typical HDB floor plans
In mid-1970s were introduced New Generation flats: 3-Room (67 / 82 sqm) and 4-Room (92 sqm), which unlike Improved flats, the NG flats have 2 toilets, both with WC and shower, one attached to master bedroom, plus store room.
The point blocks with four units per floor were introduced in early 1970s. The earliest ones had 4-Room Improved flats (84 sqm), but in 1974 were introduced 5-Room Standard/Improved flats (117-125 sqm) in point blocks, all 5-room have 2 toilets, both with WC and shower, one attached to master bedroom. 30 point blocks with 4-Room and 223 with 5-room were build until around 1985. The HDB Floor Plans 1930-present is copyrighted by www.teoalida.com.
In 1978 were introduced 5-Room flats also on slab blocks, as distinct from tower blocks.
3/4-Room Standard flats disappeared in early 1970s and Improved flats in late 1970s.
The average size rose from 60 sqm in early 1970 to 75 sqm in late 1970s estates.
Marine Parade was, and is still the most prestigious HDB estate, also the oldest HDB estate remained intact (no demolitions, no new blocks). Built between 1973 and 1976, it contains about 7900 units in 56 blocks, slab blocks with 2/3/4-Room Improved flats and also 17 tower blocks with 96 units of 120 sqm 5-Room Standard flats. Average flat size: 76 sqm, a record for its time (today average size is a little bigger due of upgrading programmes and many 3-room flats adjoined.
During 1970s and 1980s, Housing and Urban Development Company built sandwich housing for middle-income people. HUDC flats are similar in layout with HDB Executive Apartments & Maisonettes built in 1980s, and their floor plans cannot be found. List of HUDC estates.
1976-1988 slab block with 3-Room New Generation (67 sqm), 3½-Room New Generation (82 sqm), and 4-Room New Generation (92 sqm), big kitchen
1976-1988 slab block with 4-Room New Generation (91 sqm), two units per staircase
1976-1980 slab block with 5-Room Standard (117 sqm), also 4-Room New Generation (89 sqm) at lift level
1978-1985 slab block with 5-Room Improved (121 sqm), also 4-Room New Generation (98 sqm) at lift level
1966-1970 point zig-zag block with 3-Room Improved (72 sqm or 76 sqm with utility extension)
1972?-1974 point block with 4-Room Improved (77-84 sqm)
1974-1979 point block with 5-Room Standard (114-123 sqm)
1977-1985 point block with 5-Room Improved (117-121 sqm)
Some Standard flats have long master bedroom like Improved flats. I don't know the real difference between Standard and Improved.
See more 1970s floor plans
1980s – More new towns
In the early 1980s seven New Towns were started: Bukit Batok, Hougang, Jurong, Serangoon, Tampines, Woodlands (integrating Marsiling), Yishun (integrating Nee Son), as well as small estates: Bukit Purmei (in Bukit Merah), Ubi (in Geylang), Kaki Bukit (in Bedok), Joo Seng and Potong Pasir (in Toa Payoh).
In the late 1980 four more New Towns were born: Bishan, Bukit Panjang, Choa Chu Kang (integrating Teck Whye), Pasir Ris, as well as Estates: Simei (near Tampines), Kembangan (in Bedok), Toh Yi (in Bukit Timah). Jurong New Town was expanded with Nanyang neighborhood.
1980s towns were composed by slab blocks with 10, 12, 16 storeys, usually with 10 or 12 units per floor, plus the 25-storey point blocks. Compared with previous decade, the blocks were arranged in more rigid patterns, with corners bend to give the precinct a sense of enclosure. Most 10/12-storey blocks were perfectly aligned to east-west direction to avoid sun, while on east and west sides they are surrounded by 4-storey walk-up blocks. By unknown reasons, after 1985 only few blocks were built with more than 12 storeys. Minimal distance between facades were 24 metres.
Prefab HDB blocks
In 1980s they started using prefabrication in HDB flats, allowing a record production of HDB flats, according Wikipedia "Using prefabricated parts, a block of high-rise flats could be built in a month" but I do not believe. Also I never understand something: today's BTO blocks use prefabricated panels too and have nothing similar with these, and are built in 3-4 years. Probably they were referring that in 1980s they made blocks entirely prefab, load-bearing prefab walls.
These 1980s prefab blocks with load-bearing walls can be identified by being uglier, having simple floorplan, plain external walls (unlike normal blocks which have columns visible on facade and windows pushed back), and having ceiling leaks. They achieve lower prices than normal blocks, hacking walls is not allowed except a door-size opening.
Woodlands neighborhood 1xx (built ~1985) Bishan neighborhood 1xx (built 1985-1988)
Hougang Central (built ~1989) / Bukit Batok MRT line (built 1984-1985)
1980s typical HDB floor plans
Along the 3/4-Room New Generation and 5-Room improved, in 1982 were introduced Model A flats: 3-Room (75 sqm), 4-Room (105 sqm), 5-Room (135 sqm), 5-Room Maisonette (139 sqm), and in 1984 were introduced Simplified flats, 3-Room (64 sqm), 4-Room (84 sqm). The 5-Room Model A was quickly replaced in 1984 by Executive Apartment / Maisonette (146-150 sqm) featuring an utility/maid room in addition of the 3 bedrooms and separate living/dining found in 5-Room flats. Prior to 1993, 80% of Executive units were Maisonettes and 20% were Apartments.
In 1988 were introduced new series of 4-Room Model A, 5-Room Improved, and Executive, featuring 4 bedrooms (or 3 bedrooms plus study room with sliding doors), instead of the 3 bedrooms plus utility room for former Executives.
Multi-Generation flats were introduced in 1987, on structure like the 3/4-Room Simplified blocks, but flats are paired two by two and reconfigured as a 3-bedroom + Studio (granny flat), having 2 entrances and a communicating door. The granny flat was not used as intended so the concept was abandoned after building 8 blocks (source: Strait Times 1986 + Strait Times 1988).
High construction ratio during 1980s raised the percentage of population living in public housing to all-time record of 87% in 1988-1990 and had to be reduced to 10000 units per year in 1989-1991 to avoid oversupply, leaving some estates unfinished, for example Yishun 4xx with its 8 blocks in middle of empty field.
Rising wealth dropped the demand for small flats. The 1- and 2-Room flats were no longer built since mid-1980s, last blocks being Tampines 441, 442, 466, 471. Average HDB flat size for 1980s estates is 90-100 square meters.
New Generation flat types were phased out around 1985, but surprisingly, few blocks with 3-Room Improved were built in late 1980s. All 3-Room but also the 4-Room Simplified flats were phased out too in 1989, boosting average size of new HDB flats from 100 sqm in 1988 to 120 sqm in 1991.
STRANGE, very few flats have leases 1990 and 1991, despite that construction rate was constant, at least 10000 dwelling units being completed each year. Number of flats with lease 1991 is about 6% of the number of flats with lease 1989 and 1992 according my analysis of HDB Resale Flat Prices database. A possible hypothesis is that HDB decided to set lease start date later than actual completion date (confirmation needed).
1982-1989 slab block with 3-Room Model A (73-75 sqm) and 4-Room Model A (105-108 sqm)
3½-Room Model A (88-90 sqm) exists but is so rare that I never found floorplan.
Website visitors reported me that early 4-Room Model A have different floorplan, similar in shape with 4-Room New Generation with toilets near each other, but big as 105 sqm instead of 92 sqm.
1982-1985 slab block with 5-Room Model A (133-135 sqm), 2 units per segment
1984-1989 slab block with 3-Room Simplified (64 sqm), 4-Room Simplified (84 sqm) and 5-Room Improved (120 sqm)
A 4-room Model A lift-level version under 5-Room Improved should also exists.
1987-1988 slab block with 4-Room Simplified (84 sqm) and 4-Room Model A (104 sqm)
1983-1984 slab block with 5-Room Model A Maisonette (137-140 sqm, some -155 sqm) and 4-Room Model A (109 sqm) on corners (no floor plan found)
1984-1988 slab block with Executive Maisonette (144-147 sqm, some -160 sqm) and Executive Apartment (146 sqm) on corners
Many people asked me what is a 5-Room Maisonette or what is the difference compared with Executive Maisonette, the primary difference is the building year, because the two-storey Maisonettes were introduced earlier than Executive naming.
A strange 5-Room Improved Maisonette (133 sqm), 4-storey block in Hougang, no corridors
1987-1990 slab block with 4-Room Model A (104 sqm) and 5-Room Improved (121 sqm), some blocks have L-shaped corners, with 4-Room Model A (108 sqm) and 5-Room Improved (122 sqm)
1991-1992 slab block with 4-Room Model A (103-107 sqm) and 5-Room Improved (121-123 sqm), 2 units per staircase.
Posted under 1980s because this is the LAST block type without lifts access to every floor, similar with 1980s ones.
Except corner units, all units are 4A, units at lift level are similar with 1987-1990 blocks, but units at next level up are 4A too instead of 5I, with a huge balcony, units at other non-lift level have a small balcony facing over staircase void and big balcony of below units.
Blocks built in 1992 are WEIRD: corridors at every floor but not continuous corridors (a part of blocks have corridors at floor 2, 4, 5, 7, 8, other part of blocks at floor 3, 6, 9). Probably they were altered during construction, were designed with lifts at alternate floors but finally were installed lifts that stop at every floor, thus explaining why these blocks did not got LUP (NOT SURE), who live in this type of block, please clarify!
1988-1992 slab block with Executive Apartment (142 sqm) and Executive Maisonette (146 sqm)
1987-1988 slab block with Multi Generation flats (151-171 sqm)
Only 8 blocks: Bishan 137, 148, Tampines 454, 460, Yishun 605, 632, 633, 666
1990s – The modern HDB blocks
In the early 1990s extensive construction was done in Choa Chu Kang, Hougang, Pasir Ris, Tampines, plus many small precints in other towns.
In the late 1990s three New Towns were started: Sembawang, Sengkang, Punggol. Construction suddenly stopped for Tampines and Pasir Ris but continued for Bukit Panjang, Choa Chu Kang, Hougang, Jurong East, Jurong West (Pioneer neighborhood), Woodlands.
1990s was a decade of progress and innovation. HDB blocks were built in precints with distinctive styles, ground car parks were replaced by multi storey car parks, this allowed higher density, taller blocks, and a lot of green space between blocks. All blocks are linked with car parks, bus stations and other facilities, with covered walkways, so no more problems if the sun is too hot or is raining. Blocks height vary between 9 and 18 storeys, most are 15 storeys. No more walk-up blocks were built. Since 1990 structural elements became thicker, 30 cm or more, rather than 20 cm in pre-1990 blocks, and more pillars per block (I do not know if HDB blocks are designed to withstand earthquakes). Unfortunately minimal distance between blocks was reduced to 18.3 metres (60 feet).
Blocks built since 1993 were provided with lifts that stops on every floor now and centralized refuse chutes.
Yards for kitchens and by-panel main door appeared in 1996, household shelters appeared in 1998.
Premium Apartments were introduced in mid-1990s, precincts with unique block design, and featuring better quality finishes, you get them in ready-to-move condition, with flooring, kitchen cabinets, built-in wardrobes. In Standard Apartments you get raw concrete waiting for your renovation.
Design&Build scheme was introduced in 1991, also Design Plus in 1996, involving private architects to add more variety to public housing designs (source). I am confused, D&B and Premium apartments are together?
HDB stopped deciding the prices of new apartments based on construction costs, instead they decided based on market prices. Prices of resale flats and new flats entered in a vicious circle, rising 50% in just 6 months of 1993 and tripled to 1996, then felt down 30% to 1998 and remained constant to 2006.
HDB also started redeveloping the old estates. Since 1991, various upgrading programmes were launched, to bring the old flats at same high quality housing like new flats, which involved installing new lifts that stop on every floor and multi storey car parks in old estates, former ground car parks were converted in green space.
Most of 1- and 2-rm rental blocks were demolished during 1980s and 1990s and the land was redeveloped with new blocks with 5-rm and Executive units. Other rental blocks were converted, units adjoined, creating what is unofficially called Jumbo Flat and sold like new flats. Since 1994 flat owners were allowed to buy an adjacent flat and adjoin them, but only for 3-rm or smaller flats, officially called Adjoined Flat. The HDB Floor Plans 1930-present is copyrighted by www.teoalida.com.
Selective En-bloc Redevelopment Scheme was implemented in 1995 to demolish owner-occupied blocks and rehousing the residents in new blocks built in nearby location. Usually low-rise blocks with large space between them are selected for SERS, while dense and tall blocks are selected for upgrading. Exceptions happen: three 25-storey tower blocks from Hillview were announced for SERS in 1999 and demolished in 2005 after only 25-30 years I estimate. See List of SERS sites.
A small amount of owner-occupied blocks were demolished before 1995.
Executive Condominium scheme was launched in 1995, subsidized private housing with same eligibility conditions like HDB. See List of EC.
Privatization of the former HUDC estates started in 1995 too.
Bukit Panjang (built ~1990) / Jurong East – Toh Guan Road precinct (built 1998)
Bishan neighborhood 2xx (built 1992) / Pasir Ris blocks 6xx (built 1995)
Sembawang – Blue Riverview (built 2001) / Sengkang – Compassvale South Gate (built 2001)
1990s standard HDB floor plans
1990s HDB flats provide high variety of layouts in various sizes: 4-Room Model A (100-108 sqm), 5-Room Improved (120-128 sqm), 5-Room Model A (133-137 sqm), Executive Apartments / Maisonettes (142-150 sqm). Share of 5-Room and Executive flats increased, raising average size of new flats to over 120 square meters in 1991-1996 (even 130 sqm in 1994-1995 due of Jumbo converted blocks.
Strangely, a small number of 2-Room flats have been built in 1994 (Pasir Ris block 142), does anyone have any info about these mysterious dwellings?
1993-1995 block with 4-Room Model A (107 sqm) and 5-Room Improved (125 sqm), 4/5-room corner units also exists!
1996-1998 slab block with 4-Room Model A (100 sqm) and 5-Room Improved (120-123 sqm), some blocks have some smaller units named 4-Room Model A2 (90 sqm), some have different corners with 4-Room and 5-Room units, others have a wing with 2 units of 5-Room
1993-1998 point block with Executive Apartment (144-147 sqm), some blocks are L-shaped with 4 units per floor (3 or 4 different layouts), or U-shaped with 5 units per floor, some are longer like slab blocks and include corridor units, some blocks are combined with Executive Maisonette
1996-1998 blocks provide service balcony for kitchen
1993-1998 point block with Executive Apartment (146 sqm), 4 units per floor, two 146 sqm layout and other two different kitchen shape
1993-1998 atrium block with Executive Apartment (143-146 sqm), 6 units per floor, four 146 sqm layout and two 143 sqm layout
UNIQUE, HDB Penthouse Maisonettes
They are located in topmost floor of some 1990s precincts in Bishan (52 units, up to 199 sqm), Choa Chu Kang (12 units, 182 / 215 sqm), Queenstown-Strathmore (4 units, 192 sqm), (source), also unknown number of units in Hougang (176 sqm) and Pasir Ris (189 sqm).
The only HDB flat type designated as 5-bedrooms, from Tampines blk 498! (other HDB flats may have 4 bedrooms + family which can be turned in 5 bedrooms too)
Jumbo and Adjoined HDB Flats
Jumbo Flats: blocks taken back by HDB, flats joined into bigger flats and resold with fresh leases (1992-1996), they appear in HDB Resale Transactions as 4-Room Model A, 5-Room Improved / Model A, Executive Apartment and you cannot tell which of them are converted. Jumbo converted flats size vary from 90 sqm (2-Room + 2-Room) to 189 and 192 sqm (3-Room + 4-Room Model A), and larger ones have 3 toilets. Unlike the 1980s Multi-Generation flats, Jumbos DO NOT have 2 entrances or 2 kitchens.
Most Jumbo flats are in Woodlands and Yishun, few are in Tampines, Jurong East, and Ang Mo Kio (only smallest type from 2-room blocks).
Adjoined Flat: flats joined by owners, they appear in HDB Resale Transactions as 4-Room / 5-Room / Executive Adjoined Flat, unlike Jumbo flats, the adjoined flats CANNOT be 3-rm + 4-rm, can have 2 entrances but most owners walled one entrance.
Two examples of (Jumbo) Executive Apartment created from one 3-rm with one 4-rm, and one example of converting three 3-Room Simplified flats into two 4-rm flats.
Example of 5-Room Adjoined Flat composed by two 3-Room Improved and by two 3-Room New Generation (NOT a Jumbo flat)
First downsize of HDB flats
Another revolution is visible for the HDB flats completed since 1998: Block naming system (slab, point, atrium) has been abandoned. Flat naming system (Improved, Model A, etc) is no longer used in sale brochures but is still shown in resale transactions, where all 4-rm are Model A and all 5-rm are Improved. In sale brochures, the word Flat was replaced by Apartment, a new naming system was introduced: Type A = 4-rm, Type B = 5-rm, Type C = Executive.
The flat sizes were standardized to smaller size: 4-Room (100 sqm), 5-Room (120 sqm), Executive (140 sqm). The 5-Room lost the study area, being just a 3-bedroom flat with larger living room. Executives are 3 bedrooms plus open study area that can be walled into a 4th bedroom. Average flat size 110 sqm.
A household shelter was provided in every flat, a store room with strengthened 30 cm walls and sealing door. Useless feature in my opinion, the shelter eats about 5 sqm, sometimes placed in middle of flat, hacking it is not allowed thus the floor plan is less flexible (some exceptions in 2000s: 1/2-rm rental blocks and some 2/3-rm sold blocks have a storey shelter instead of household shelter).
1998-2000 block with 4-Room Model A (100 sqm), 5-Room Improved (120 sqm) and Executive Apartment (140 sqm), some blocks have 4-Room Model A2 (90 sqm)
1998-2000 block with Executive Apartment (140 sqm) and Executive Maisonette (142 sqm).
Executive Maisonette with bomb shelter RARE, only 10 blocks!! (no floorplan found for EA pair)
Second downsize of HDB flats
All HDB flats completed since 2000 lost 10 sqm. 4-Room (90 sqm), 5-Room (110 sqm), Executive (130 sqm), Maisonettes were no longer built.
In attempt to minimize number of corridor-facing flats, the shape of blocks became complex, with many corners containing 5-Room units, their number exceeded the number 4-Room units built in 2002 and 2003, so the average flat size remained high as 105 sqm in 2000-2005.
2000-2004 block with 4-Room Model A (90 sqm), 5-Room Improved (110 sqm) and Executive Apartment (130 sqm in 2000-2002, 125 sqm in 2003-2004)
See more 1990s floor plans
2000s – The decline
During 2000s, no other New Town or Estate were started. Construction continue only in existing estates.
The demand for new flats felt sharply after 1997 Asian Crisis. This right after the most prosperous decade, with 24000-36000 flats completed each year between 1994 and 2001. The queue, once 5 years long, vanished and left about 40000 unsold completed flats in the year 2000, most of them being 5-Room and Executive.
2003 SARS outbreak and low immigration rate in early 2000s also slowed down the demand for flats.
HDB resumed building rental blocks in 2007, corridor-style with 1- and 2-room apartments, in 2007, for people who are unable to afford a flat.
Taller and taller blocks were built in all estates not too close to airports to have height constraints. 30-storey complexes appeared since late 1990s, and the first 40-storey complex (Toa Payoh Towers) was completed in early 2005 (source).
The Registration for Flat (queue selling system) was suspended in 2002.
Walk In Selection has been introduced in March 2002 to help clearing the stock of unsold flats. It ended in February 2007 and was replaced by Quarter-Yearly Sale of 2/3-Room flats and Half-Yearly Sale of 4-Room and bigger flats, which in 2010 were combined in Sale of Balance Flats, containing leftover flats from past BTO and SERS projects, plus old flats repurchased by HDB. Some flats are completed and available without waiting time, SOBF draws much interest, the battle being about 10 people per each flat.
Build-To-Order was introduced in April 2001 and became main supply of flats. Flats are offered for sale before being built. Tender for construction is called only if at least 70% of units have been booked (50% since 2011), otherwise the project is canceled and may be re-launched when will be more demand, with a different name and sometimes different design. The first projects enjoyed low interest, 5 of them being cancelled, but after Walk in Selection ended, most BTO projects were oversubscribed, from 2008 HDB launch 2 BTO projects every month. See my List of BTO launches including statistics.
BTO system prevent HDB to built surplus of units, but it created a lag in housing supply, leading to rising flat prices since 2007. BTO system give you the advantage of choosing exact location of your home and estimated completion date (3-4-5 years, depending by development size), but the disadvantage is that some people apply multiple times until get the luck to pass the ballot exercise.
Design, Build and Sell Scheme are public housing built and sold by private developers, it feature condo-style facades, but without guards, pool, or other condo facilities, it is still public housing! First DBSS project was launched in 2006 and completed in 2009. DBSS land sales were suspended in July 2011 after the Sim Lian Group, developer of Centrale 8 (8th DBSS) set outrageous prices around $880.000 for 5-Room. 13 land parcels were sold for DBSS, totaling about 9000 apartments. See the List of DBSS on HDB InfoWEB and my list of DBSS projects that include statistics.
Punggol 21 was announced in 1996 and got first residents in 2001, a modern waterfront town featuring a mix of high-end HDB and Executive Condos, it is the first HDB town where each precint is individually designed and feature integrated carparks with green roofs, and no corridor-facing units. But due of Asian Crisis, it turned into a ghost town with many unsold flats and no amenities. As 31 March 2004 it had 3768 4-Room, 10031 5-Room, 1126 Executive units, then construction was very slow until 2010. The LRT line east loop opened in 2005 while the west loop is still unopened as 2014.
Pungool 21+ was announced in 2007 to rejuvenate the town, involving building a waterway through undeveloped part of town, amenities and low-end BTO projects with 2/3/4-room units. Imagine that if the crisis would never hit, Punggol was developed with big flats but without waterway!
Bukit Batok West Avenue 5 (2005) / The River Vista @ Kallang (2010)
Punggol – Edgedale Green and Periwinkle (2007)
2000s random HDB floor plans
Along 4-Room (90 sqm) and 5-Room (110 sqm), HDB reintroduced 3-Room (60 sqm, later 65 sqm) and 2-Room (35/45 sqm). Officially 3-Room was introduced in BTO Fernvale Grove in 2004 (completed 2008) but actually there are 3-room completed early as 2002 (Cantonment Towers, SERS project). The last Executive Apartment was completed in 2004 (last Maisonette in 2000), also very few 5-Room were completed in 2007-2009. Economy recovered in late 2000s but HDB do not reintroduce Executive Apartments, motivating that these flats were purchased by rich families who can afford too much space for no reason, also the average household size dropped thus larger flats are no longer necessary.
Studio Apartments (35/45 sqm) were introduced in 1998 for people aged over 55, they are sold with 30-year leases and cannot be sold in resale market. Originally were built in all-studio blocks, but from 2006 were mixed in BTOs with normal 3-, 4-, 5-room units.
The average size of new flats dropped from 105 sqm in 2000-2005 to 90 sqm in 2007 and around 80 sqm later.
A common misconception is that Executive Apartments were replaced by Executive Condominiums. This is WRONG! Executive Condominium scheme was launched in 1995, it is private housing under eligibility rules similar with HDBs, they offer a variety of apartment types in 50-300+ sqm range, no idea why the word Executive takes part of it.
Each 2000s project is unique designed, but most flats feature similar circular pattern: living – common bedrooms – master bedroom – bathrooms – kitchen, but with a lot of variations in room sizes and windows, there are variations even from one floor to another floor of same block, so I cannot post on my website all possible floor plans. 2000s flats offer full privacy (except rental blocks). Flats with rooms facing to corridor were built in small numbers until 2004. First BTO project was completed in 2005 and got lease from 2006, so all BTOs offer full privacy. Compared with 1990s flats, the layouts were improved, bedrooms were downsized in favor of larger living room, the study area returned in 5-room flats, and bathroom door was removed from kitchen.
Looking for floor plan of certain flat? Do a Google search with street or precinct name (rather than block number). Look on www.renotalk.com or other forums, where people post their floor plans asking for renovation ideas, or buy from HDB for $5. Do not ask me for floor plan because is unlikely to have and give you the correct floor plan, I do not have more than what you can steal from forums.
Typical floor from 2000s: Studio (35 / 45 sqm), 3-Room (65 sqm), 4-room (90 sqm), from Eunos Court and Kallang Heights SERS projects. BTO projects use similar layouts
2003-2004 Punggol floor plans: 5-Room (114 sqm) and Executive (128 sqm), oversized living room
Pinnacle @ Duxton, the first 50-storey public housing complex, was completed in December 2009, as HDB anniversary 50 years of history in February 2010. It is the biggest BTO project, having 1848 units (7 blocks × 44 residential floors × 6 units per floor), 2 levels of skybridges, 2 flat types (S1 4-Room 90-93 sqm and S2 5-room 103-106 sqm), different combinations of bay windows, balconies and planters create 35 distinct flat layouts.
Nice find! http://www.msaudcolumbia.org/summer/?p=3032 – full complex floor plan and elevations.
See more 2000s floor plans
2010s – Today trends
Three new housing areas were announced in HDB Press Release in 2013: Bidadari Estate (within Toa Payoh planning area), Tampines North and Punggol Matilda. NO new town was officially announced so far. Additional construction is done in Bukit Batok (west end), Choa Chu Kang (south end), Yishun (east side) and Sembawang (very ulu area).
The planning work for Bidadari started in 2012 and may get first BTO launches in 2015.
Some unreferenced info on Wikipedia state that after the current New Towns will be saturated, HDB will start Tengah, Simpang, Bukit Brown, Bidadari and Seletar… this info may have been extracted from Concept Plan 2011 but the Concept Plan itself seems that was not yet published as 2013.
BUT in my opinion is not possible to start a new town using the current BTO system, flats sold before being built. Who the fuck will apply for a BTO flat located in middle of nowhere, without knowing how many other blocks or amenities will be launched nearby? The single solution is to start building NOW and sell them through SOBF when some amenities are at least planned! Proof: the very low 0.4 application ratio for May 2013 BTOs in ulu corner of Sembawang.
The demand for HDB flats is very strong nowadays. HDB ramped up BTO supply too late, from 9000 flats in 2009 to 25000 flats in 2011. Since Walk-in Selection ended in 2007, many citizens who are eligible for new flats but do not accept the 3-4 year waiting time of BTO system, turn to resale market, THIS caused the resale flat prices to double from 2007 to 2012 and the prices of new flats grew according to resale prices.
2010s flats
SkyVille & SkyTerrace @ Dawson, two iconic BTOs were launched in December 2009. SkyTerrace feature lofts and paired units (similar with dual-key units in condos), this design caused some waste of floor space of the already too small and too expensive apartments.
They are most expensive HDB flats ever offered for sale, due of prime location near Queenstown MRT, and were still oversubscribed (9865 applications for all 1718 units, up to 12 applicants for each 5-rm unit, but in case of 3-rm units were slightly less applicants than units).
Flats are even smaller than in Pinnacle@Duxton, to 83 sqm for 4-rm and 101 sqm for 5-rm.
Other BTO projects of 2010s decade remained at the standard sizes 45 / 65 / 90 / 110 sqm (excluding balcony and A/C ledge). Due of high demand for 5-room, the average flat size rose from 80 sqm for BTO flats launched in 2009 to 85 sqm for BTO flats launched in 2012.
Meantime, private developers continue to downsize their flats, affecting DBSS projects too, for example Trivelis use 60 / 80-82 / 105 sqm. Of the 105 sqm 5-room, only 88 sqm is internal, be shocked at floor plan! If they specify balcony size 12 sqm, living room should be 3×5 m, common bedrooms 3×2.5 m, study 2x2m.
For the first time in 15 years, HDB launched a bigger flat type in July 2013 BTO: 3gen flats having 4 bedrooms and 3 bathrooms in 115 sqm (following a trend started by Executive Condominiums offering 5-bedroom flats). Room sizes can be compared with the 4-room flats, having slightly larger living room, an extra 15 sqm bedroom and 5 sqm bathroom.
Since Executive flats are no longer built because they were often purchases by rich couples without children, the 3gen flats with eligibility restricted to a married couple plus another family relative, are welcome in my opinion!
More USEFUL info
What is HDB ceiling height
HDB floor-to-floor is 2.80 meters, ceiling height is 2.60 m, the top floor in 1990s blocks is 2.90 m, I need confirmation if the blocks built in other decades have taller ceiling for top floor.
How to find the age of a HDB block
Use Resale Flat Prices, by this way you also see which flat types available in the block, and their areas. Does not work for rental blocks.
Note: you cannot find the age of block, you will find the Lease commence date, which is more important than block building year. Lease year correspond with building year + 1, with few exceptions (see below).
See also Status of HDB upgrading programmes, showing number of units in any block, too bad that they do not display the building year too, as upgrading programmes are usually done by the year of being built.
The only case when HDB publish the real year when a block was built, is when the blocks are selected for SERS.
What is Lease Commence Date?
Is when the 99-year lease starts… and the years used by me in naming the floor plans are Lease Commence Date, NOT launch date or construction finishing date.
Household shelter appeared in HDB Annual Report 1996 and first blocks have leases from 1998.
Before BTO era, construction took 2-3 years (maybe even less in case of old low-rise blocks).
Lease starts usually after up to 1 year from when construction is finished, this rule does not apply for pre-1973 blocks, in which Lease Commence Date is the year in which HDB decided to sell / allowed tenants to buy their flats. Tiong Bahru blocks built in 1948-1954 blocks have leases from 1973, Redhill blocks built in 1955 have leases from 1983, some 1970s 2-Room blocks were reserved for rental until 1986, the blocks converted during 1990s into Jumbo flats have leases from the year of conversion.
Home Ownership Scheme was introduced in 1964, but oldest HDB leases are from 1967. HOS was piloted in Tiong Bahru pre-war blocks in 1965-1967 and people could use CPF to purchase their flats, they are also the only SIT/HDB flats transacted as private properties (source). So, in 1967 they realized how to implement HOS without privatization?
What happen when 99-year lease expire?
We don't know. Lorong 3 Geylang houses are the first leases to end in 2020 (private, 60-year lease). Let's wait and we will see what happens!
Why do you care? Oldest HDB leases are from 1967, and most of 1960s HDBs have been already demolished, most condos are en-bloc after only 20-30 years. It's unlikely for a HDB flat to reach the end of lease soon. But I cannot imagine Singapore of the year 2050, too many blocks has been built since 1980s onward to SERS them.
I remember a funny guy saying in a forum that Freehold property remains yours forever while a Leasehold means that you will be kicked out at end of lease, and another guy correcting him: Government can takeover both leasehold and freehold properties, but only freehold owners are rewarded at full value. Also owners can apply for lease extension
How urban planning in Singapore was done
Since 1960 to 1990s all HDB towns were planned using a standard density of 200 dwelling units per hectare. Flat sizes were growing over the years, leading to a stupid situation: the blocks with big flats were closest apart, they were inhabited by richer people who were expecting more privacy and more space to park their cars… while the 1-room rental flats had largest spaces and empty carparks.
Since 1990s (not sure exact year), urban planning control is done using plot ratio (gross floor area divided by land area). To create a vibrant city, low-, medium and high-density areas were created.
The ratios were revised and raised in Master Plan 1998, today most public housing are in 2.8 – 4.2 range, low-density condos are low as 1.4 and office buildings in Central Business District reach a plot ratio of 12.
How many New Towns built HDB in Singapore?
Usually is said that 27, but this is the number of Planning Areas-based "Towns", do not confuse with "New Towns" .
Based on construction stages:
Singapore Improvement Trust (SIT) and Housing and Development Board (HDB) built 20 New Towns (10000-70000 units) and over 40 small estates (under 10000 units).
Jurong Town Corporation (JTC) built between 1968 and 1980s(?) a small number of blocks for low-income people, in Jurong and Sembawang industrial areas.
Housing and Urban Development Company (HUDC) built between 1974 and 1985 19 estates of 7750 units (source) or 18 estates of 7731 units (source) for high-income people who did not qualify for HDB flats but could not afford a private property. Never found any list of them… so I made myself a list of 21 HUDC estates.
HDB took over JTC and HUDC in 1982, becoming sole provider of public housing in Singapore.
URA defined 55 Planning Areas in 1991, HDB New Towns and Estates were reorganized into 27 "Towns". There is no relation between Planning Areas / Towns and historical development HDB New Towns / Estates. HDB Towns match the URA planning areas with 2 exceptions:
– Kallang-Whampoa is one HDB town stretching on 3 planning areas (Kallang, Whampoa, Novena)
– Pasir Ris town also include Changi Village (from Changi planning area)
More notes:
– Geylang, Kallang-Whampoa and Bukit Merah towns contains several HDB estates built inside of the main city, which cannot be considered "New Towns".
– Tampines planning area includes 2 HDB New Towns: Tampines and Simei (I'm doubt to call Simei a New Town, it is only 7036 units, less than Marine Parade Estate).
– Jurong was built in 1980s as a single New Town, but now is split between two planning areas due its massive size, notice the continuity of block numbers (1xx – 3xx in Jurong East, 4xx – 9xx in Jurong West), but Jurong West also have blocks 1-271 from the old Taman Jurong and Boon Lay JTC estates, NOT part of Jurong New Town.
– Lim Chu Kang planning area contained a very small estate (93 units) which was abandoned in 2001, still appeared on HDB Resale Flat Prices e-service until 2009.
About me
I wrote this article from my own personal research since 2009, as others (including Wikipedia) are incomplete, not detailed, create confusion and may contain errors. Please do not copy any part of page TEXT without my approval. Photographs are from Panoramio, Wikipedia, etc and are linked to their original source. Feel free to use the HDB images, for use of photographs you may want to ask approval to their original authors. List of page updates.
How I got floor plans?
During the initial research in 2009, I took floor plans from October 2009 Sale of Balance Flats, copying images from PDF brochures (one PDF per town, few hundred floor plans to choose from). I choose 52 images, the ones with yellow-cream background, about 400-600 pixels tall, 29 pixels per meter. Additional floor plans were collected from random forums and blogs, reaching 100 images in 2012, some PNG, some JPG, different image resolution and scan quality, the page looked like a shit!
Floor plans were displayed on site resized with HTML code "height=200px" so anyone accessing the page, had to download 20 MB of full-size images, growing website traffic caused excessive server load.
In 2014, to reduce bandwidth usage and aesthetic reasons, I re-made the floor plans taking them from March 2012 Sale of Balance Flats (1000+ floor plans to choose from, each on separate PDF file, took me about 20 hours to download all PDFs). I took screenshot of PDF file at 100% zoom, cropped image in Paint then added the info bar at bottom. Full-size images about 600-1000 pixels tall (44 pixels per meter), and thumbnail images at 1/4 size. Page size: 8 MB.
The floor plan collection is far away from being "complete"
This page was intended as educational material, showing HDB history and evolution of typical floor plans, but the audience is mostly resale flat buyers than students, they believe that this is / they want this to be a complete collection HDB floor plans, no matter how many floor plans I post, they want more!
Lots of variations exists. Example: 3-Room New Generation flat (67 sqm), the units that are not next to staircase do not have that thick wall, units that are not next to corridor-end unit do not display a second door on corridor, all these 4 can be mirrored, total 8 possible floor plans. I can post over 1000 distinct floor plan variations, and still far away from being complete, and no one knows how many other floor plans exists. This would overload website and will create trouble for people trying to find a basic floor plan.
Occasionally I get emails from "contributors" sending me their own floor plan (in most cases, too similar with one posted already, or too rare to worth posting), other people complain that the website is cluttered. This is why I decided in late 2012 to STOP adding more content unless there is something special.
The 100 floor plans shown there represent 90% of all HDB flats built before BTO era.
Statistics: most downloaded HDB floor plans 2012 (July-August 2012), most downloaded HDB floor plans 2014 (April-July 2014).
I may delete least clicked images to improve usefulness of website.
Trouble finding floor plan of a certain block? Do you have a floor plan and want to know where it is located?
Provide me block number. I am happy to help up to 5 people per day for FREE.
Especially in case of pre-2000 flats there are 90% chances to have the right floor plan, but in case of BTO flats and 1990s premium projects the chances are less than 20%. Do not ask me floor plans of blocks under construction, floor plans with dimensions are provided at key collection, not earlier. I can give you PDF brochures, without dimensions.
I have high experience in HDB architecture so I can identify flat types in 99% of HDB blocks just by looking in satellite photos, eventually street view, takes 5 min provide you possible floor plan (if I have), you get a rough idea of flat layout before purchasing, but I offer NO GUARANTEE that will be 100% matching / correct for your flat.
If you already purchased a flat and want a floor plan for renovation, you are advised to buy floor plan from HDB for $5 to get the CORRECT floor plan.
Do not make stupid request like "Gimme the 4-room floorplan AMK model", many different layouts can be in same town, each layout can be found in multiple towns, this is why I cannot sort the HDB Floor Plans page by town / address (some people suggested sorting by address).
Buy brochures and floor plans!
This page is the result of a voluntary study which took dozens of hours. I also offer free consultation to people who contact me via LIVE CHAT. The chat itself cost me $134 per year.
HDB sell floor plans for $5 per floorplan, which is apparently the worker fee to find the right floor plan and email to you, not the cost of floor plan itself, and you are free to redistribute floor plans, many people post them on forums asking for reno ideas.
A DONATE button would not bring any significant income. So, I decided to sell via my Store my collection of BTO and SBF brochures. Over 1000 floor plans with dimensions in PDF format. Why would you pay $5 for one floorplan when you can pay $50 for hundreds of floor plans? Don't miss such great offer!
Note: the 1000+ floor plans are complete collection of flats offered in SBF, NOT complete collection of all HDB flats ever built.
Other articles about history of public housing in Singapore:
If you are student or love architecture, I invite you to check the apartments designed by me, some being inspired from HDB and improved or alternatives to HDB layouts.