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Zimbabwe Inclusive Government Watch (ZIG Watch) is tracking media articles and reports which provide examples of violations of the agreement between the Zimbabwe African National Union-Patriotic Front (Zanu PF) and the two Movement for Democratic Change (MDC) formations. The Global Political Agreement, signed by Zimbabwe's three main parties in Harare on 15th September 2008, is intended to "create a genuine, viable, permanent, sustainable and nationally acceptable solution to the Zimbabwe situation".
Zimbabwe's controversial power-sharing Agreement, termed the "Global Political Agreement" (GPA), was signed by President Mugabe's ZANU PF party and the two Movement for Democratic Change formations – led by Morgan Tsvangirai (MDC-T) and Arthur Mutambara (MDC-M) respectively - on September 15, 2008 in Harare.
The objective of the South African-mediated Agreement was to "create a genuine, viable, permanent, sustainable and nationally acceptable solution to the Zimbabwe situation." Integral to this was the restoration of democracy and the garnering of international support to revive the country's collapsed economy.
Commenting on the negotiations, Tsvangirai stressed at the inception: "This is not about power sharing. It is about a return to democracy." He made it clear that the MDC-T was not prepared to agree to anything which did not restore democracy and the rule of law.
On the other side of the coin, "Mugabe could not agree to anything which did", wrote Derek Matyszak of the Research and Advocacy Unit (RAU) in his report: "Losing Focus: Zimbabwe's 'Power-Sharing' Agreement", released by IDASA in October 2008.
The result of the frequently deadlocked and increasingly acrimonious negotiations was a 22-page Agreement comprising 25 Articles. It is against these Articles that Sokwanele's "Zimbabwe Inclusive Government (ZIG) Watch" has monitored violations of the GPA by the three partners since its inception.
The ZIG Watch issues demonstrate conclusively that, throughout the four years during which the Global Political Agreement has been operational, President Mugabe and the ZANU PF hierarchy have continued to employ repressive strategies in order to retain supremacy in the transitional government and neutralise its partners. These include media repression, human rights violations, political violence, abductions, arrests, torture and the murder of opposition politicians and activists.Furthermore, with another election on the cards for next year, ZANU PF is intensifying the onslaught to ensure not only its political survival but an election victory.
The way that ZIG Watch was set up was this: On a daily basis, we tracked media articles and reports which provided examples of violations of the GPA by Zimbabwe's three main political parties, the partners in the GPA. These were logged on our website and below each we listed the GPA Articles that had been violated. To view this resource, log onto: http://www.sokwanele.com/zigwatch
For each media story logged, we listed the GPA Article/Articles that had been breached. For the entire monitoring period, ZANU PF's highest percentage of breaches was 98% and the lowest was 86.4%. The MDC-T was 7.1% and 1.4%, while the MDC-Mutambara/Ncube was 6.5% and 0.26%.
Our report analyses the Top 10 GPA Articles breached by the coalition parties throughout the monitoring period. The list starts with the highest number of breaches we recorded and gives the total number of breaches in brackets. The report concentrates on the top five Articles for which the majority of violations were recorded and gives a cross-section of violations of the remaining five.
Since Article VI of the GPA, The Constitution, does not fall into the top ten category, it is referred to but not analysed in detail in the report.
The rule of law in Zimbabwe has been replaced with rule by law. Instead of government power being subject to the law, Zimbabwe has become a police state in which government both invokes the law – and has created law – to justify excessive use of government force.
Examples that we profile include the selective and arbitrary arrest of MDC supporters; riot police breaking up peaceful protests; abductions; the assault of MDC activists, supporters and demonstrators; human rights abuses in prisons and the prosecution of commercial farmers.
We also include examples of corruption and self-enrichment; the manipulation of Constitutional Amendment No. 19, which could jeopardise the constitutional referendum; the random shooting and arrest of farm workers; the arrest of a prominent human rights lawyer; the shocking beating of police recruits; the burning of homes of MDC activists; the denial of killings in the Marange diamond fields; the promotion of hate speech and the threats faced by journalists, as well as the failure of the police to arrest known ZANU PF murderers and perpetrators of violence.
A Catholic Bishops' Conference pastoral letter released earlier this year stressed that Zimbabwe does not need a mere armistice but a comprehensive and honest national healing and reconciliation in which perpetrators of violence are made accountable and society is reconciled so as to bury the culture of violence. "It should not be reserved for a few officials, it needs the whole community to be involved and must include everyone."
There has been considerable criticism of the Organ on National Healing and Reconciliation which been widely described as a "failure". However, in the organ's defence, some commentators have said that the major problem is President Mugabe's relentless hold on power and continued protection of ZANU PF thugs who mastermind the political violence and murder.
Examples of Article VII violations include the use of prisoners as slave labour; the manipulation of food aid; bribery and corruption; the police raid on an MDC Chief of Staff; the arrest of activists; harassment, violence and extortion. Despite the fact that the GPA commits the parties to encourage and assist Zimbabweans in the Diaspora to return home, virtually nothing has been done in this regard and, in some cases, the partners have displayed ineptitude and incompetence.
The issue of security sector reform remains highly contentious. The Zimbabwe Europe Network and its National Reference Group released a report in September 2012: "Zimbabwe's Political Agreement Implementation: 4 Years On – at best faltering… at worst failing…." In it they note that "Calls for reformation of the military, police services, prison services, the State intelligence services and other critical arms of the security sector have gone without anyone giving audience to them.
"Despite clear provisions in Article XIII of the GPA which stipulate that 'State organs and institutions do not belong to any party and should be impartial in the discharge of their duties', senior top ranking military personnel have been quoted on several occasions openly supporting ZANU PF…. while clothed in uniform and on official duty. The case is similar with the police and prison services, which have gone on a rampant derelict of duty to openly declare their political interests and positions while on duty."
Examples of breaches of Article XIII include the deployment of 80,000 youth militia; war veterans and soldiers also being deployed across the country ahead of elections in 2013; the resuscitation of torture bases; brutal intimidation; the ongoing militarisation of the diamond fields; dereliction of duty with respect to court cases; the removal of police dockets implicating senior ZANU PF officials; abductions; torture; arrests on trumped up charges; the blocking of bail for extended periods; control of food aid by the military; the protracted onslaught on the independent and foreign media and the snubbing of EU and UN funding for the next elections.
Article XVIII brazenly understates the seriousness of the situation, notably with respect to internal displacements. While the parties profess to be "gravely concerned by the displacement of scores of people after the elections of March 29, 2008 as a result of politically motivated violence", the Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre reports that tens of thousands of people were displaced. This excludes the 570,000 people made homeless by Operation Murambatsvina (2005) and the violent land invasions that began in 2000, as well as other arbitrary displacements…." The General Agriculture and Plantation Workers' Union (GAPWUZ) reported that a new wave of farm invasions which began in February 2009 had by September of that year left 66,000 farm workers homeless.
Despite Article 18.5 (h) committing the parties "to work together to ensure the safety of any displaced persons, their safe return home and their enjoyment of the full protection of the rule of law", the displacements have continued. For example, in the Chiadzwa district of the highly contentious Marange diamond fields, communities have been evicted by soldiers and dumped in areas with minimal/inadequate accommodation and no facilities.
Murderers, torturers and thieves continue to live freely within terrorised communities and the lives of opponents of ZANU PF and the independent media remain under threat in the face of ongoing harassment, arrests on trumped-up charges and vicious persecution.
"As the reality of the Agreement began to intrude, the euphoria that had ensued after the signing morphed into a view that Mugabe was reneging on the Agreement," Derek Matyszak wrote in his analysis of the 'Power Sharing' Agreement in October 2008. He noted that "Mugabe (had) closed democratic space through deployment of the military, the militia and a partisan police force which is both unwilling to act against human rights abuses and crimes against humanity as well as a participant in such offences. An extensive web of patronage keeps this system in place."
Pronouncements by Mugabe that he would operate unilaterally include: insisting in November 2008 that ZANU PF would draft a constitutional amendment and form a government; demanding the right to cancel the power-sharing deal; refusing to fire the controversial Attorney General and Central Bank Governor; attempting to annex the role of the Information Communication and Technology Minister and the appointment of governors.
Despite President Mugabe's commitment to allowing free political activity with the signing of the GPA, efforts by former opposition parties to canvass and mobilise freely for political support are still being thwarted. Examples include: censorship of information concerning the reformation of the Zimbabwe African People's Union (ZAPU); a blackout of the Prime Minister's press conferences and events in the State media; blocking MDC rallies; beating up demonstrators; paying gangs to commit acts of thuggery and violence; arresting MDC officials on trumped-up charges and denying bail.
The Crisis in Zimbabwe Coalition comments as follows on the land issue in its "Zimbabwe Transition Barometer – 'Trekking the Transition'" of October 2012: "This is one indicator where almost nothing has literally happened as the IG partners have all remained silent on the land issue. The land question got relegated and forgotten as the MDCs focussed more on political reforms. On the other hand, ZANU PF has also been conspicuously silent about Article V."
Farm invasions – with ZANU PF's trademark violence and ruthlessness – have continued throughout the tenure of the GPA. In February 2009, more than 100 productive farms and 50 small holdings were raided, many at gunpoint, with regional governors, MPs, senators and high ranking officials forcing the owners to leave. As a result, resident farm workers have been stranded or bundled into army trucks and dumped in remote areas with no facilities or the means of growing their own food. Tsvangirai came under fire for describing the ongoing invasions as "isolated incidents".
8. ARTICLE III : Restoration of Economic Stability and Growth (666 breaches)
The GPA mandated the Inclusive Government to prioritise the restoration of economic stability and growth and to urgently address the issues of production, food security, poverty and unemployment and the challenges of high inflation, interest rates and the exchange rate.
WithFinance Minister Tendai Biti (MDC-T) at the helm, laudable progress has been made although he has faced massive challenges throughout his turbulent tenure. ZANU PF has consistently thwarted his efforts, notably to reduce unrealistic government spending and to access income from mineral resources - mainly the Marange diamond mines – for the benefit of the entire country, as well as to crackdown on massive corruption and audit State companies.
Indigenisation Minister Saviour Kasukuwere's chaotic indigenisation programme has continued to frighten off international investors and destroy local business confidence. His threats in February to nationalise 30 foreign-owned mines were described by one commentator as being part of ZANU PF's election strategy and a move that would be disastrous for the economy. In June, Mugabe exacerbated the situation by announcing that he wanted indigenous Zimbabweans to have 100 percent control of the economy, but foreigners could come in as "partners".
9. ARTICLE XII : Freedom of Assembly and Association (541 breaches)
Despite the commitment made by all three signatories to the right of freedom of association and assembly enshrined in the GPA, Article XII continues to be violated systematically by ZANU PF.
Less than three months after the signing of the GPA, Zimbabwean security forces vowed in December 2008 to crush demonstrations planned for the following day against the Reserve Bank. The ZCTU had called for peaceful protests against debilitating limits on bank withdrawals.
In June 2009, it was reported that minutes after the Secretary-General of Amnesty International, Irene Khan, had accused elements of the Zimbabwean Government of "persistent and serious human rights abuses", riot police had broken up a peaceful demonstration only yards from where she stood. Ms Khan had earlier described the human rights situation in Zimbabwe as "grim". She also criticised Prime Minister Tsvangirai, saying she saw "no sense of urgency" in implementing human-rights provisions in the power-sharing deal.
Violations of Article XII have not only continued but are escalating in the run-up to the next election. For example, a truckload of about 20 armed riot police officers disrupted a Praying for Peace to Save Zimbabwe church service in Harare in April 2011. Police in riot gear have also blocked MDC-T rallies, including one that was due to take place at St Paul's Mission Hospital in Lupane in October 2011. The following month, members of international charity group Oxfam were detained by the police
10. ARTICLE VIII : Respect for National Institutions and Events (418 breaches)
Despite agreeing that all Zimbabweans, regardless of political affiliation, have the right to participate in all national programmes and events, ZANU PF continues to operate in a blatantly partisan manner that demonstrates flagrant disrespect for national institutions, programmes and events.
Examples of violations of Article VIII include the Reserve Bank Governor enriching his ZANU PF cronies in a looting strategy; the prevention of Parliament's Mines Committee from embarking on a fact-finding mission to the controversial Marange diamond fields; the blocking of public participation in the constitution-making outreach programme and the violent invasion of Parliament by ZANU PF thugs to disrupt a public hearing on the Human Rights Bill.
Our ZIG Watch overview closes with extracts from the Crisis in Zimbabwe Coalition's "Zimbabwe Transition Barometer – 'Trekking the Transition'":
"The Zimbabwe political landscape is gravitating from the GPA yard into political turmoil with potential to replicate the June 2008 presidential election run-off. There is a shift from the commitment to fulfil the GPA as political temperature rises. The thread that seems to hold the GPA together is now only meant for the convenience of election leverages rather than creating sustainable democratic processes…. There is a rise in political violence and intimidation cases mainly related to militia groups connected to ZANU PF leaders as well as growing violations of democratic tenets by the security sector and other political party members….
"However, the trajectory is not cast in stone. With the appropriate interventions by civil society, the regional and international community as articulated in (our) report, Zimbabwe can still head towards a democratic transition, at least in the sense of the instalment of a democratically elected government…," the Crisis in Zimbabwe Coalition concludes.
Zimbabwe Inclusive Government Watch (ZIG Watch) is tracking articles and reports which provide examples of violations of the agreement between the Zimbabwe African National Union-Patriotic Front (Zanu PF) and the two Movement for Democratic Change (MDC) Formations.
Signed on 15 September in Harare, the Global Political Agreement agreement comprises 25 "Articles" and lists the points of agreement reached under each. ZIG Watch involves a daily monitoring of media articles, logging those we believe highlight a breach of the letter and spirit of the agreement. Direct links are provided to all original sources of information.
It must be noted that Zimbabwe's media environment is extremely restrictive, and the economic challenges in the country make it difficult for local journalists to travel to rural areas. This means that the breaches logged in ZIG Watch have to be viewed as a sample of incidents rather than a comprehensive account of what is happening in the country. It is highly likely that this project reflects an underestimate of the scale of the breaches against the GPA.
ZIG Watch follows on from previous monitoring projects carried out by Sokwanele. Prior to the 2008 Parliamentary elections, our Zimbabwe Election Watch (ZEW) project monitored the Zimbabwe government's compliance with the SADC Principles and Guidelines Governing Democratic Elections, guideline and principles adopted by SADC leaders on 17 August 2004 in Mauritius.
Sokwanele also monitored the government's compliance against these regional standards in 2004-2005, via our Mauritius Watch project, in the months preceding the 2005 Parliamentary elections.
Here is the full text of the Agreement between the Zimbabwe African National Union-Patriotic Front (Zanu-Pf) and the two Movement For Democratic Change (MDC) Formations, on resolving the challenges facing Zimbabwe distributed by Veritas.
It is a lengthy document and difficult to read on screen, so we have added jump-links to the top of the document to help you navigate to different sections. Click on a link to browse quickly to the section you want to read; use the back button on your browser to navigate back to the set of links at the top.
Article I: Definitions
Article II: Declaration of Commitment
Article III: Restoration of Economic Stability and Growth
Article IV: Sanctions and Measures
Article V: Land Question
Article VI: Constitution
Article VII: Promotion of Equality, National Healing, Cohesion and Unity
Article VIII: Respect for National Institutions and Events
Article IX: External Interference
Article X: Free Political Activity
Article XI: Rule of Law, Respect for the Constitution and Other Laws
Article XII: Freedom of Assembly and Association
Article XIII: State Organs and Institutions
Article XIV: Traditional Leaders
Article XV: National Youth Training Programme
Article XVI: Humanitarian and Food Assistance
Article XVII: Legislative Agenda Priorities
Article XVIII: Security of Persons and Prevention Of Violence
Article XIX: Freedom of Expression and Communication
Article XX: Framework for a New GovernmentExecutive Powers and Authority
The Cabinet
The President
The Prime Minister
The Council of Ministers
Composition of The Executive
The Senate
Filling of Vacancies
Article XXI: Electoral Vacancies
Article XXII: Implementation Mechanisms
Article XXIII: Periodic Review Mechanism
Article XXIV: Interim Constitutional Amendments
Article XXV: Commencement
We, the Parties to this Agreement;
CONCERNED about the recent challenges that we have faced as a country and the multiple threats to the well-being of our people and, therefore, determined to resolve these permanently.
CONSIDERING our shared determination to uphold, defend and sustain Zimbabwe's sovereignty, independence, territorial integrity and national unity, as a respected member of the international community, a nation where all citizens respect and, therefore, enjoy equal protection of the law and have equal opportunity to compete and prosper in all spheres of life.
ACKNOWLEDGING the sacrifices made by thousands of Zimbabwe's gallant sons and daughters in the fight against colonialism and racial discrimination and determined to accept, cherish and recognise the significance of the Liberation Struggle as the foundation of our sovereign independence, freedoms and human rights.
DEDICATING ourselves to putting an end to the polarisation, divisions, conflict and intolerance that has characterised Zimbabwean politics and society in recent times.
COMMITTING ourselves to putting our people and our country first by arresting the fall in living standards and reversing the decline of our economy.
EMPHASISING our shared commitment to re-orient our attitudes towards respect for the Constitution and all national laws, the rule of law, observance of Zimbabwe's national institutions, symbols and national events.
RESPECTING the rights of all Zimbabweans regardless of political affiliation to benefit from and participate in all national programmes and events freely without let or hindrance.
RECOGNISING, accepting and acknowledging that the values of justice, fairness, openness, tolerance, equality, non-discrimination and respect of all persons without regard to race, class, gender, ethnicity, language, religion, political opinion, place of origin or birth are the bedrock of our democracy and good governance.
DETERMINED to build a society free of violence, fear, intimidation, hatred, patronage, corruption and founded on justice, fairness, openness, transparency, dignity and equality.
RECOGNISING and accepting that the Land Question has been at the core of the contestation in Zimbabwe and acknowledging the centrality of issues relating to the rule of law, respect for human rights, democracy and governance.
COMMITTED to act in a manner that demonstrates loyalty to Zimbabwe, patriotism and commitment to Zimbabwe's national purpose, core values, interests and aspirations.
DETERMINED to act in a manner that demonstrates respect for the democratic values of justice, fairness, openness, tolerance, equality, respect of all persons and human rights.
SUBMITTING ourselves to the mandate of the Extraordinary Summit of the Southern African Development Community (SADC) held in Dar-es-Salaam, United Republic of Tanzania, on 29th March 2007 and endorsed in Lusaka on 12th April 2008 and in the AU Summit held in Sharm El-Sheikh, Egypt from 30th June to 1 July 2008.
RECOGNlSlNG the centrality and importance of African institutions in dealing with African problems, we agreed to seek solutions to our differences, challenges and problems through dialogue.
ACKNOWLEDGING that pursuant to the Dar-es-Salaam SADC resolution, the Parties negotiated and agreed on a draft Constitution, initialed by the Parties on 30 September 2007, and further agreed and co-sponsored the enactment of the Constitution of Zimbabwe Amendment Number 18 Act, amendments to the Electoral Act, the Zimbabwe Electoral Commission Act, Public Order and Security Act, Access to Information and Protection of Privacy Act and Broadcasting Services Act.
APPRECIATING the historical obligation and need to reach a solution that will allow us to put Zimbabwe first and give the people a genuine chance of rebuilding and reconstructing their livelihoods.
PURSUANT to the common desire of working together, the Parties agreed to and executed a Memorandum of Understanding on 21 July 2008, attached hereto as Annexure "A".
1. Definitions
The "Agreement" shall mean this written Agreement signed by the representatives of ZANU-PF and the MDC, in its two formations ("the Parties") in fulfillment of the material mandate handed down by the SADC Extraordinary Summit an 29th March 2007 and endorsed by SADC in Lusaka, Zambia and adopted by the African Union Summit in Sharm El-Sheikh, Egypt.
The "Parties" shall mean ZANU-PF, the two MDC formations led by Morgan Tsvangirai and Arthur Mutambara respectively.
The "Government" or "New Government" means the new Government to be set up in terms of this Agreement.
2. Declaration of Commitment
The Parties hereby declare and agree to work together to create a genuine, viable, permanent, sustainable and nationally acceptable solution to the Zimbabwe situation and in particular to implement the following agreement with the aims of resolving once and for all the current political and economic situations and charting a new political direction for the country.
3. Economic recovery
3.1 The Parties agree:
(a) to give priority to the restoration of economic stability and growth in Zimbabwe. The Government will lead the process of developing and implementing an economic recovery strategy and plan. To that end, the parties are committed to working together on a full and comprehensive economic programme to resuscitate Zimbabwe's economy, which will urgently address the issues of production, food security, poverty and unemployment and the challenges of high inflation, interest rates and the exchange rate.
(b) to create conditions that would ensure that the 2008/2009 agricultural season is productive.
(c) to establish a National Economic Council, composed of representatives of the Parties and of the following sectors:
(i) Manufacturing
(ii) Agriculture
(iii) Mining
(iv) Tourism
(v) Commerce
(vi) Financial
(vii) Labour
(viii) Academia; and
(ix) Other relevant sectors
(d) that the terms of reference of the Council shall include giving advice to Government, formulating economic plans and programmes for approval by government and such other functions as are assigned to the Council by the Government.
(e) to endorse the SADC resolution on the economy.
4. Sanctions and Measures
4.1 Recognising and acknowledging that some sections of the international community have since 2000 imposed various sanctions and measures against Zimbabwe, which have included targeted sanctions.
4.2 The Parties note the present economic and political isolation of Zimbabwe by the United Kingdom, European Union, United States of America and other sections of the International Community over and around issues of disputed elections, governance and differences over the land reform programme.
4.3 Noting and acknowledging the following sanctions and measures imposed on Zimbabwe:
(a) enactment of the Zimbabwe Democracy and Economic Recovery Act by the United States of America Congress which outlaws Zimbabwe's right to access credit from International Financial Institutions in which the United States Government is represented or has a stake;
(b) suspension of Zimbabwe's voting and related rights, suspension of balance of payment support, declaration of ineligibility to borrow Fund resources and suspension of technical assistance to Zimbabwe by the International Monetary Fund;
(c) suspension of grants and infrastructural development support to Zimbabwe by The World Bank; and
(d) imposition of targeted travel bans against current Government and some business leaders.
4.4 Noting that this international isolation has over the years created a negative international perception of Zimbabwe and thereby resulting in the further isolation of the country by the non-availing of lines of credit to Zimbabwe by some sections of the international community.
4.5 Recognising the consequent contribution of this isolation to the further decline of the economy.
4.6 Desirous and committed to bringing to an end the fall in the standards of living of our people, the Parties hereby agree:
(a) to endorse the SADC resolution on sanctions concerning Zimbabwe;
(b) that all forms of measures and sanctions against Zimbabwe be lifted in order to facilitate a sustainable solution to the challenges that are currently facing Zimbabwe; and
(c) commit themselves to working together in re-engaging the international community with a view to bringing to an end the country's international isolation.
5. Land Question
5.1 Recognising that colonial racist land ownership patterns established during the colonial conquest of Zimbabwe and largely maintained in the post independence period were not only unsustainable, but against the national interest, equity and justice.
5.2 Noting that in addition to the primary objective of the liberation struggle to win one man one vote democracy and justice, the land question, namely the need for the re-distribution of land to the majority indigenous people of Zimbabwe was at the core of the liberation struggle.
5.3 Accepting the inevitability and desirability of a comprehensive land reform programme in Zimbabwe that redresses the issues of historical imbalances and injustices in order to address the issues of equity, productivity, and justice.
5.4 While differing on the methodology of acquisition and redistribution the parties acknowledge that compulsory acquisition and redistribution of land has taken place under a land reform programme undertaken since 2000.
5.5 Accepting the irreversibility of the said land acquisitions and redistribution.
5.6 Noting that in the current Constitution of Zimbabwe and further in the Draft Constitution agreed to by the parties the primary obligation of compensating former land owners for land acquired rests on the former colonial power.
5.7 Further recognising the need to ensure that all land is used productively in the interests of all the people of Zimbabwe.
5.8 Recognising the need for women's access and control over land in their own right as equal citizens.
5.9 The Parties hereby agree to:
(a) conduct a comprehensive, transparent and non-partisan land audit, during the tenure of the Seventh Parliament of Zimbabwe, for the purpose of establishing accountability and eliminating multiple farm ownerships.
(b) ensure that all Zimbabweans who are eligible to be allocated land and who apply for it shall be considered for allocation of land irrespective of race, gender, religion, ethnicity or political affiliation;
(c) ensure security of tenure to all land holders.
(d) call upon the United Kingdom government to accept the primary responsibility to pay compensation for land acquired from former land owners for resettlement;
(e) work together to secure international support and finance for the land reform programme in terms of compensation for the former land owners and support for new farmers; and
(f) work together for the restoration of full productivity on all agricultural land.
6. Constitution
Acknowledging that it is the fundamental right and duty of the Zimbabwean people to make a constitution by themselves and for themselves;
Aware that the process of making this constitution must be owned and driven by the people and must be inclusive and democratic;
Recognising that the current Constitution of Zimbabwe made at the Lancaster House Conference, London (1979) was primarily to transfer power from the colonial authority to the people of Zimbabwe;
Acknowledging the draft Constitution that the Parties signed and agreed to in Kariba on the 30th of September 2007, annexed hereto as Annexure "B";
Determined to create conditions for our people to write a constitution for themselves; and
Mindful of the need to ensure that the new Constitution deepens our democratic values and principles and the protection of the equality of all citizens, particularly the enhancement of full citizenship and equality of women.
6.1 The Parties hereby agree:
(a) that they shall set up a Select Committee of Parliament composed of representatives of the Parties whose terms of reference shall be as follows:
(i) to set up such subcommittees chaired by a member of Parliament and composed of members of Parliament and representatives of Civil Society as may be necessary to assist the Select Committee in performing its mandate herein;
(ii) to hold such public hearings and such consultations as it may deem necessary in the process of public consultation over the making of a new constitution for Zimbabwe;
(iii) to convene an All Stakeholders Conference to consult stakeholders on their representation in the sub-committees referred to above and such related matters as may assist the committee in its work;
(iv) to table its draft Constitution to a 2nd All Stakeholders Conference; and
(v) to report to Parliament on its recommendations over the content of a New Constitution for Zimbabwe
(b) That the draft Constitution recommended by the Select Committee shall be submitted to a referendum;
(c) that, in implementing the above, the following time frames shall apply:
(i) the Select Committee shall be set up within two months of inception of a new government;
(ii) the convening of the first All Stakeholders Conference shall be within 3 months of the date of the appointment of the Select Committee;
(iii) the public consultation process shall be completed no later than 4 months of the date of the first All Stakeholders Conference;
(iv) the draft Constitution shall be tabled within 3 months of completion of the public consultation process to a second All Stakeholders Conference;
(v) the draft Constitution and the accompanying Report shall be tabled before Parliament within 1 month of the second All Stakeholders Conference;
(vi) the draft Constitution and the accompanying Report shall be debated in Parliament and the debate concluded within one month;
(vii) the draft Constitution emerging from Parliament shall be gazetted before the holding of a referendum;
(viii) a referendum on the new draft Constitution shall be held within 3 months of the conclusion of the debate;
(ix) in the event of the draft Constitution being approved in the referendum it shall be gazetted within 1 month of the date of the referendum; and
(x) the draft Constitution shall be introduced in Parliament no later than 1 month after the expiration of the period of 30 days from the date of its gazetting.
7. Equality, National Healing, Cohesion and Unity
7.1 The Parties hereby agree that the new Government:
a) will ensure equal treatment of all regardless of gender, race, ethnicity, place of origin and will work towards equal access to development for all;
b) will ensure equal and fair development of all regions of the country and in particular to correct historical imbalances in the development of regions;
c) shall give consideration to the setting up of a mechanism to properly advise on what measures might be necessary and practicable to achieve national healing, cohesion and unity in respect of victims of pre and post independence political conflicts; and
d) will strive to create an environment of tolerance and respect among Zimbabweans and that all citizens are treated with dignity and decency irrespective of age, gender, race, ethnicity, place of origin or political affiliation.
e) will formulate policies and put measures in place to attract the return and repatriation of all Zimbabweans in the Diaspora and in particular will work towards the return of all skilled personnel.
8. Respect for National Institutions and Events
8.1 In the interests of forging a common vision for our country, the Parties hereby agree:
(a) on the necessity of all Zimbabweans regardless of race, ethnicity, gender, political affiliation and religion to respect and observe Zimbabwe's national institutions, symbols, national programmes and events; and
(b) that all Zimbabweans regardless of race, ethnicity, gender, political affiliation and religion have the right to benefit from and participate in all national programmes and events without let or hindrance.
9. External Interference
9.1 The Parties reaffirm the principle of the United Nations Charter on non-interference in the internal affairs of member countries.
9.2 The Parties hereby agree:
(a) that the responsibility of effecting change of government in Zimbabwe vests exclusively on and is the sole prerogative of the people of Zimbabwe through peaceful, democratic and constitutional means;
(b) to reject any unlawful, violent, undemocratic and unconstitutional means of changing governments; and
(c) that no outsiders have a right to call or campaign for regime change in Zimbabwe.
10. Free political activity
Recognising that the right to canvass and freely mobilise for political support is the cornerstone of any multi-party democratic system, the Parties have agreed that there should be free political activity throughout Zimbabwe within the ambit of the law in which all political parties are able to propagate their views and canvass for support, free of harassment and intimidation.
11. Rule of law, respect for the Constitution and other laws
11.1 The Parties hereby agree that it is the duty of all political parties and individuals to:
(a) respect and uphold the Constitution and other laws of the land;
(b) adhere to the principles of the Rule of Law.
12. Freedoms of Assembly and Association
12.1 Recognising the importance of the freedoms of assembly and association in a multi-party democracy and noting that public meetings have to be conducted in a free, peaceful and democratic manner in accordance with the law, the Parties have agreed:
(a) to work together in a manner which guarantees the full implementation and realisation of the right to freedom of association and assembly; and
(b) that the Government shall undertake training programmes, workshops and meetings for the police and other enforcement agencies directed at the appreciation of the right of freedom of assembly and association and the proper interpretation, understanding and application of the provisions of security legislation.
13. State organs and institutions
13.1 State organs and institutions do not belong to any political party and should be impartial in the discharge of their duties.
13.2 For the purposes of ensuring that all state organs and institutions perform their duties ethically and professionally in conformity with the principles and requirements of a multi-party democratic system in which all parties are treated equally, the Parties have agreed that the following steps be taken:
(a) that there be inclusion in the training curriculum of members of the uniformed forces of the subjects on human rights, international humanitarian law and statute law so that there is greater understanding and full appreciation of their roles and duties in a multi-party democratic system;
(b) ensuring that all state organs and institutions strictly observe the principles of the Rule of Law and remain non-partisan and impartial;
(c) laws and regulations governing state organs and institutions are strictly adhered to and those violating them be penalised without fear or favour; and
(d) recruitment policies and practices be conducted in a manner that ensures that no political or other form of favouritism is practised.
14. Traditional Leaders
14.1 Recognising and acknowledging that traditional leaders are community leaders with equal responsibilities and obligations to all members of their communities regardless of age, gender, ethnicity, race, religion and political affiliation, the Parties hereby agree to:-
(a) commit themselves to ensuring the political neutrality of traditional leaders; and
(b) call upon traditional leaders not to engage in partisan political activities at national level as well as in their communities.
15. National Youth Training Programme
Recognising the desirability of a national youth training programme which inculcates the values of patriotism, discipline, tolerance, non-violence, openness, democracy, equality, justice and respect.
Determined to ensure that the National Youth Training Programme raises awareness of the HIV and AIDS pandemic, engenders a spirit of community service, skills development and a commitment to the development of Zimbabwe
15.1 The Parties hereby agree that:
(a) all youths regardless of race, ethnicity, gender, religion and political affiliation are eligible to participate in national youth training programmes;
(b) the National Youth Training Programme must be run in a non-partisan manner and shall not include partisan political material advancing the cause of any political party; and
(c) while recognising that youths undergoing training at national youth training centres have a right to hold political opinions, they shall not, during the period of their training, collectively and as part of a scheme of the training centre be used or deployed for partisan political work.
16. Humanitarian and food assistance
16.1 In times of need, every Zimbabwean regardless of race, ethnicity, gender, political affiliation and religion is entitled to request and receive humanitarian and food assistance from the State.
16.2 It is the primary responsibility of the State to ensure that every Zimbabwean who needs humanitarian and food assistance receives it.
16.3 Non-Governmental Organisations involved in giving humanitarian and food assistance shall do so without discrimination on the grounds of race, ethnicity, gender, political affiliation and religion and in doing so, shall not promote or advance the interests of any political party or cause.
16.4 In this regard the Parties hereby agree:
(a) that in the fulfillment of its obligations above, the Government and all State Institutions and quasi State Institutions shall render humanitarian and food assistance without discrimination on the grounds of race, ethnicity, gender, political affiliation or religion;
(b) that humanitarian interventions rendered by Non-Governmental Organisations, shall be provided without discrimination on the grounds of race, ethnicity, gender, political affiliation and religion.
(c) that all displaced persons shall be entitled to humanitarian and food assistance to enable them to return and settle in their original homes and that social welfare organisations shall be allowed to render such assistance as might be required.
(d) that all NGO's rendering humanitarian and food assistance must operate within the confines of the laws of Zimbabwe.
17. Legislative agenda
17.1 The Parties hereby agree that:
(a) the legislative agenda will be prioritized in order to reflect the letter and spirit of this agreement;
(b) the Government will discuss and agree on further legislative measures which may become necessary to implement the Government's agreed policies and in particular, with a view to entrenching democratic values and practices.
18. Security of persons and prevention of violence
18.1 Noting the easy resort to violence by political parties, State actors, Non-State actors and others in order to resolve political differences and achieve political ends.
18.2 Gravely concerned by the displacement of scores of people after the election of March 29, 2008 as a result of politically motivated violence.
18.3 Recognising that violence dehumanises and engenders feelings of hatred and polarisation within the country.
18.4 Further recognising that violence undermines our collective independence as a people and our capacity to exercise our free will in making political choices.
18.5 The Parties hereby agree:
(a) to promote the values and practices of tolerance, respect, non-violence and dialogue as means of resolving political differences;
(b) to renounce and desist from the promotion and use of violence, under whatever name called, as a means of attaining political ends;
(c) that the Government shall apply the laws of the country fully and impartially in bringing all perpetrators of politically motivated violence to book;
(d) that all political parties, other organisations and their leaders shall commit themselves to do everything to stop and prevent all forms of political violence, including by non-State actors and shall consistently appeal to their members to desist from violence;
(e) to take all measures necessary to ensure that the structures and institutions they control are not engaged in the perpetration of violence.
(f) that all civil society organisations of whatever description whether affiliated to a political party or not shall not promote or advocate for or use violence or any other form of intimidation or coercion to canvass or mobilise for or oppose any political party or to achieve any political end;
(g) to work together to ensure the security of all persons and property;
(h) to work together to ensure the safety of any displaced persons, their safe return home and their enjoyment of the full protection of the law.
(i) to refrain from using abusive language that may incite hostility, political intolerance and ethnic hatred or unfairly undermine each other.
(j) that while having due regard to the Constitution of Zimbabwe and the principles of the rule of law, the prosecuting authorities will expedite the determination as to whether or not there is sufficient evidence to warrant the prosecution or keeping on remand of all persons accused of politically related offences arising out of or connected with the March and June 2008 elections.
19. Freedom of Expression and Communication
Recognising the importance of the right to freedom of expression and the role of the media in a multi-party democracy.
Noting that while the provisions of the Broadcasting Services Act permit the issuance of licences, no licences other than to the public broadcaster have been issued.
Aware of the emergence of foreign based radio stations broadcasting into Zimbabwe, some of which are funded by foreign governments.
Concerned that the failure to issue licences under the Broadcasting Services Act to alternative broadcasters might have given rise to external radio stations broadcasting into Zimbabwe.
Further concerned that foreign government funded external radio stations broadcasting into Zimbabwe are not in Zimbabwe's national interest.
Desirous of ensuring the opening up of the air waves and ensuring the operation of as many media houses as possible.
19.1 The Parties hereby agree:
(a) that the government shall ensure the immediate processing by the appropriate authorities of all applications for re-registration and registration in terms of both the Broadcasting Services Act as well as the Access to Information and Protection of Privacy Act;
(b) all Zimbabwean nationals including those currently working for or running external radio stations be encouraged to make applications for broadcasting licences, in Zimbabwe, in terms of the law;
(c) that in recognition of the open media environment anticipated by this Agreement, the Parties hereby:-
(i) call upon the governments that are hosting and/or funding external radio stations broadcasting into Zimbabwe to cease such hosting and funding; and
(ii) encourage the Zimbabweans running or working for external radio stations broadcasting into Zimbabwe to return to Zimbabwe; and
(d) that steps be taken to ensure that the public media provides balanced and fair coverage to all political parties for their legitimate political activities.
(e) that the public and private media shall refrain from using abusive language that may incite hostility, political intolerance and ethnic hatred or that unfairly undermines political parties and other organisations. To this end, the inclusive government shall ensure that appropriate measures are taken to achieve this objective.
20. Framework for a new Government
Acknowledging that we have an obligation to establish a framework of working together in an inclusive government;
Accepting that the formation of such a government will have to be approached with great sensitivity, flexibility and willingness to compromise;
Recognising that the formation of such a Government would demonstrate the respect of the Parties for the deeply-felt and immediate hopes and aspirations of the millions of our people.
Determined to carry out sustained work to create the conditions for returning our country to stability and prosperity;
Acknowledging the need for gender parity, particularly the need to appoint women to strategic Cabinet posts;
20.1 The Parties hereby agree that:
20.1.1 Executive Powers and Authority
The Executive Authority of the Inclusive Government shall vest in, and be shared among the President, the Prime Minister and the Cabinet, as provided for in this Constitution and legislation.
The President of the Republic shall exercise executive authority subject to the Constitution and the law.
The Prime Minister of the Republic shall exercise executive authority subject to the Constitution and the law.
The Cabinet of the Republic shall exercise executive authority subject to the Constitution and the law.
In the exercise of executive authority, the President, Vice Presidents, the Prime Minister, the Deputy Prime Ministers, Ministers and Deputy Ministers must have regard to the principles and spirit underlying the formation of the Inclusive Government and accordingly act in a manner that seeks to promote cohesion both inside and outside government.
(a) shall have the responsibility to evaluate and adopt all government policies and the consequential programmes;
(b) shall, subject to approval by Parliament, allocate the financial resources for the implementation of such policies and programmes;
(c) shall have the responsibility to prepare and present to Parliament, all such legislation and other instruments as may be necessary to implement the policies and programmes of the National Executive;
(d) shall, except where the Constitution requires ratification by Parliament, or action by the President, approve all international agreements;
(e) shall ensure that the state organs, including the Ministries and Departments, have sufficient financial and other resources and appropriate operational capacity to carry out their functions effectively; and
(f) shall take decisions by consensus, and take collective responsibility for all Cabinet decisions, including those originally initiated individually by any member of Cabinet.
(g) The President and the Prime Minister will agree on the allocation of Ministries between them for the purpose of day-to-day supervision.
(a) chairs Cabinet;
(b) exercises executive authority;
(c) shall exercise his/her powers subject to the provisions of the Constitution;
(d) can, subject to the Constitution, declare war and make peace;
(e) can, subject to the Constitution, proclaim and terminate martial law;
(f) confers honours and precedence, on the advice of Cabinet;
(g) grants pardons, respites, substitutes less severe punishment and suspends or remits sentences, on the advice of Cabinet;
(h) chairs the National Security Council;
(i) formally appoints the Vice Presidents;
(j) shall, pursuant to this Agreement, appoint the Prime Minister pending the enactment of the Constitution of Zimbabwe Amendment no.19 as agreed by the Parties;
(k) formally appoints Deputy Prime Ministers, Ministers and Deputy Ministers in accordance with this agreement;
(l) after consultation with the Vice Presidents, the Prime Minister and the Deputy Prime Ministers, allocates Ministerial portfolios in accordance with this Agreement;
(m) accredits, receives and recognizes diplomatic agents and consular officers;
(n) appoints independent Constitutional Commissions in terms of the Constitution;
(o) appoints service/executive Commissions in terms of the Constitution and in consultation with the Prime Minister;
(p) in consultation with the Prime Minister, makes key appointments the President is required to make under and in terms of the Constitution or any Act of Parliament;
(q) may, acting in consultation with the Prime Minister, dissolve Parliament;
(r) must be kept fully informed by the Prime Minister on the general conduct of the government business and;
(s) shall be furnished with such information as he/she may request in respect of any particular matter relating to the government, and may advise the Prime Minister and Cabinet in this regard.
(a) chairs the Council of Ministers and is the Deputy Chairperson of Cabinet;
(b) exercises executive authority;
(c) shall oversee the formulation of government policies by the Cabinet;
(d) shall ensure that the policies so formulated are implemented by the entirety of government;
(e) shall ensure that the Ministers develop appropriate implementation plans to give effect to the policies decided by Cabinet: in this regard, the Ministers will report to the Prime Minister on all issues relating to the implementation of such policies and plans;
(f) shall ensure that the legislation necessary to enable the government to carry out its functions is in place: in this regard, he/she shall have the responsibility to discharge the functions of the Leader of Government Business in Parliament;
(g) shall be a member of the National Security Council;
(h) may be assigned such additional functions as are necessary further to enhance the work of the Inclusive Government;
(i) shall, to ensure the effective execution of these tasks, be assisted by Deputy Prime Ministers; and
(j) shall report regularly to the President and Parliament.
To ensure that the Prime Minister properly discharges his responsibility to oversee the implementation of the work of government, there shall be a Council of Ministers consisting of all the Cabinet Ministers, chaired by the Prime Minister, whose functions shall be:
(a) to assess the implementation of Cabinet decisions;
(b) to assist the Prime Minister to attend to matters of coordination in the government;
(c) to enable the Prime Minister to receive briefings from the Cabinet Committees;
(d) to make progress reports to Cabinet on matters of implementation of Cabinet decisions;
(e) to receive and consider reports from the Committee responsible for the periodic review mechanism; and
(f) to make progress reports to Cabinet on matters related to the periodic review mechanism.
20.1.6 Composition of the Executive
(1) There shall be a President, which Office shall continue to be occupied by President Robert Gabriel Mugabe.
(2) There shall be two (2) Vice Presidents, who will be nominated by the President and/or Zanu-PF.
(3) There shall be a Prime Minister, which Office shall be occupied by Mr Morgan Tsvangirai.
(4) There shall be two (2) Deputy Prime Ministers, one (1) from MDC-T and one (1) from the MDC-M.
(5) There shall be thirty-one (31) Ministers, with fifteen (15) nominated by ZANU PF, thirteen (13) by MDC-T and three (3) by MDC-M. Of the 31 Ministers, three (3) one each per Party, may be appointed from outside the members of Parliament. The three (3) Ministers so appointed shall become members of the House of Assembly and shall have the right to sit, speak and debate in Parliament, but shall not be entitled to vote.
(6) There shall be fifteen (15) Deputy Ministers, with (eight) 8 nominated by ZANU PF, six (6) by MDC-T and one (1) by MDC-M.
(7) Ministers and Deputy Ministers may be relieved of their duties only after consultation among the leaders of all the political parties participating in the Inclusive Government.
(a) The President shall, in his discretion, appoint five (5) persons to the existing positions of Presidential senatorial appointments.
(b) There shall be created an additional nine (9) appointed senatorial posts, which shall be filled by persons appointed by the President, of whom, 3 will be nominated by ZANU-PF, 3 by MDC-T and 3 by MDC-M.
(a) In the event of any vacancy arising in respect of posts referred to in clauses 20.1.6 and 20.1.7(b) above, such vacancy shall be filled by a nominee of the Party which held that position prior to the vacancy arising.
21. Electoral Vacancies
Aware of the divisive and often times confrontational nature of elections and by elections;
Noting the need to allow this agreement to take root amongst the parties and people of Zimbabwe; and
Cognisant of the need to give our people some breathing space and a healing period;
21.1 The Parties hereby agree that for a period of 12 months from the date of signing of this agreement, should any electoral vacancy arise in respect of a local authority or parliamentary seat, for whatever reason, only the party holding that seat prior to the vacancy occurring shall be entitled to nominate and field a candidate to fill the seat subject to that party complying with the rules governing its internal democracy.
22. Implementation mechanisms
22.1 To ensure full and proper implementation of the letter and spirit of this Agreement, the Parties hereby constitute a Joint Monitoring and Implementation Committee ("JOMIC") to be composed of four senior members from ZANU-PF and four senior members from each of the two MDC Formations. Gender consideration must be taken into account in relation to the composition of JOMIC.
22.2 The committee shall be co-chaired by persons from the Parties.
22.3 The committee shall have the following functions:-
(a) to ensure the implementation in letter and spirit of this Agreement;
(b) to assess the implementation of this Agreement from time to time and consider steps which might need to be taken to ensure the speedy and full implementation of this Agreement in its entirety;
(c) to receive reports and complaints in respect of any issue related to the implementation, enforcement and execution of this Agreement;
(d) to serve as catalyst in creating and promoting an atmosphere of mutual trust and understanding between the parties; and
(e) to promote continuing dialogue between the Parties.
22.4 JOMIC shall be the principal body dealing with the issues of compliance and monitoring of this Agreement and to that end, the Parties hereby undertake to channel all complaints, grievances, concerns and issues relating to compliance with this Agreement through JOMIC and to refrain from any conduct which might undermine the spirit of co-operation necessary for the fulfillment of this Agreement.
22.5 The new Government shall ensure that steps are taken to make the security forces conversant with the Constitution of Zimbabwe and other laws of Zimbabwe including laws relating to public order and security.
22.6 The implementation of this agreement shall be guaranteed and underwritten by the Facilitator, SADC and the AU.
22.7 The Parties and the new Government shall seek the support and assistance of SADC and the AU in mobilizing the international community to support the new Government's economic recovery plans and programmes together with the lifting of sanctions taken against Zimbabwe and some of its leaders.
22.8 The Parties agree that they shall cause Parliament to amend any legislation to the extent necessary to bring this agreement into full force.
23. Periodic review mechanism
23.1 Having regard to the Objectives and Priorities of the New Government as set out in this Agreement, the Parties hereby agree that:
(a) they shall constitute a committee composed of 2 representatives each to review on an annual basis progress on the implementation and achievement of the priorities and objectives set out in this Agreement, namely: Economic (restoration of economic stability and growth, sanctions, land question) Political (new constitution, promotion of equality, national healing and cohesion and unity, external interference, free political activity, rule of law, state organs and institutions, legislative agenda and priorities) Security (security of persons and prevention of violence) and Communication (media and external radio stations); and
(b) the committee shall make recommendations to the Parties and the new government on any matters relating to this Agreement, more particularly on measures and programmes that may be necessary to take and make to realise full implementation of this Agreement.
(c) this Agreement and the relationship agreed to hereunder will be reviewed at the conclusion of the constitution-making process.
23.2 The Parties will continually review the effectiveness and any other matter relating to the functioning of the Inclusive Government established by the Constitution in consultation with the Guarantors.
24. Interim Constitutional amendments
The Parties hereby agree:
24.1 that the constitutional amendments which are necessary for the implementation of this agreement shall be passed by parliament and assented to by the President as Constitution of Zimbabwe Amendment Act No 19. The Parties undertake to unconditionally support the enactment of the said Constitution of Zimbabwe Amendment No 19;
24.2 to include in Constitutional Amendment No19 the provisions contained in Chapters 4 and 13, and section 121 of the draft Constitution that the Parties executed at Kariba on 30 September 2007 (Kariba draft).
25. Commencement
This Agreement shall enter into force upon its signature by the Parties.
In WITNESS WHEREOF the Parties have signed this Agreement in the English language, in six identical copies, all texts being equally authentic:
In WITNESS THEREOF the Facilitator:
Zimbabwe's civil society organisations on Wednesday 22 April 2009 launched the first Civil Society Monitoring Mechanism (CISOMM) Periodic Report in Harare covering the months of February and March 2009, which assesses the sincerity, accountability and transparency of the political parties to achieving the democratic reforms agreed following the signing of the Interparty Political Agreement (IPA) on the 15th of September 2008.
The CISOMM, which is an independent monitoring and evaluating mechanism, is meant to act as a confidence-building measure for the people and allow for their involvement and their views to be heard.
In assessing the strength of the agreement and its potential to assist in achieving the desired transformation whilst attempting to hold the government accountable to the letter and spirit of the agreement, the CISOMM resolved to produce periodic reports documenting specific instances of compliance and non-compliance with the GPA in accordance with benchmarks developed by civil society using the IPA as a baseline document.
GNU Watch September 2010
The Institute for Democracy in Africa (Idasa)'s States in Transition Observatory produce monthly reports monitoring the state of the interim government in Zimbabwe. States in Transition Observatory (SITO) is a research and advocacy unit within Idasa's Political Governance Programme that provides information on and analysis of political developments in countries in transition or crisis. The aim of the unit is to foster a critical understanding of the challenges faced by African countries in respect of democratization, human rights and social justice.
Idasa also provide a daily 'Zim News Flash' service by email. To subscribe to this, please email Emily Wellman. Link to Idasa website here.
GPA Documents
ZIG Watch Issues
|ZPF, articles
|MDC(T), articles
|MDC(M), articles
|20857 breaches
|1009 breaches
|616 breaches
Analysis of breaches by GPA article
This section provides a detailed analysis of breaches logged against the main articles, and their sub-clauses, comprising the Global Political Agreement (GPA).
Use the tabs to generate analysis of non-compliance by individual GPA (a list of the articles is provided to the right). Each article section features a pie-chart showing the proportional accountability for non-compliance, per article, by the three main parties. Alongside the charts, a line graph highlights the breaches, by party, over the duration of the ZIG Watch project. The charts and graphs reflect the most up-to-date analysis possible, based on the most recent breaches entered into the database.
Browse through every news story identified as highlighting a breach of the GPA - the specific sub-clauses for the article breached are denoted underneath each story, and identified with a green check-mark icon. Use the direct links to all sources if you would like to read the full text of a news article. Coloured icons below the news extracts show whether the story identifies a breach by the Zanu PF party (green), MDC-T party (red) or MDC Mutambara (yellow).
Please note: it may take a little time for the data to be loaded and graphics generated.
List of articles


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Kosher Appetizers
|Cilantro Guacamole
Using the Chef Pro Wet & Dry Grinder, it takes no time to make this tasty Guacamole dip. The jalapeño pepper adds some heat.
2 ripe avocados
Cut avocados in half. Scoop pulp into the Wet & Dry grinder bowl, and grind until slightly chunky. Add chopped red onion, 1 tsp. lime juice, jalapeno pepper, and garlic, and grind for 5-6 seconds. Add 3 tbsp. chopped fresh cilantro and an additional 1 tbsp. lime juice, salt, and cumin and grind for 3 seconds. Cover with plastic wrap, allowing wrap to touch mixture, and let stand at room temperature 30 minutes.
Recipes: Appetizers, Dip, Avocado, Parve, Kosher

subset: commoncrawl


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A neighborhood staple, The Standard Grill is classic New York meets new American cuisine. The front café, bar and street-side bistro is clean and bright with white oak and tile décor and features fresh oysters, specialty cocktails and charcuterie. The main dining room is cozy, old-world with red leather banquets, barrel vaulted ceilings, and a floor paved in copper pennies. Our kitchen utilizes the freshest local ingredients, blending traditional steak house with new American grill sensibilities. thestandardgrill.com
"An impressive operation"
"The Standard Grill is one of the best places to eat on the West Side late at night"
For inquiries, please contact us at:
|(212) 645-4100


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Party supplies and wedding supplies give every Pocatello, Idaho wedding or party that special touch to make it complete. Regardless of the affair, a party, wedding, baby shower, bachelorette party, or a graduation party, the supplies are the details that make your event memorable. Imaginative, outrageous, whimsical, extravagant; how do you want your party or wedding to be described? Party and wedding supplies define your event. Make your next themed party the ultimate event for Pocatello, Idaho with themed party supplies such as piñatas, banners, and party favors. Or, maybe your wedding needs an added-touch with beautiful candles to accent the flowers. Conceive the perfect event with the perfect wedding and party supplies.
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Sometimes the strongest cravings for food happen when you're at your weakest point emotionally. You may turn to food for comfort — consciously or unconsciously — when you're facing a difficult problem, stress or just looking to keep yourself occupied.
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Emotional eating is eating as a way to suppress or soothe negative emotions, such as stress, anger, fear, boredom, sadness and loneliness. Both major life events and the hassles of daily life can trigger negative emotions that lead to emotional eating and disrupt your weight-loss efforts. These triggers may include:
Although some people actually eat less in the face of strong emotions, if you're in emotional distress you may turn to impulsive or binge eating — you may rapidly eat whatever's convenient, without even enjoying it.
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Description:1 x AMD Opteron 248 DL145 G1 (2.2GHz/Single-core/2MB/89W)Proliant Full Processor Option KitPart Number(s)Part# 361036-B1
HP Processor Kits:
Manufacturer Part# 361036-B21
This is the full processor option kit. It includes the
Processor(s), Heat-Sink(s), Fan(s), Thermal paste
and VRM (Voltage Regulator Module) where required.
Overview:The AMD Opteron processor enabling simultaneous 32- and 64-bit computing represents the landmark introduction of the AMD64 architecture. The AMD Opteron processor is designed to run existing 32-bit applications with outstanding performance and offers customers a simplified migration path to 64-bit computing. This evolutionary processor provides a dramatic leap forward in compatibility performance investment protection and reduced total cost of ownership (TCO). The AMD Opteron processor is offered in three series: the 100 series (1-way) the 200 series (1 to 2-way) and the 800 series (up to 8-way). The AMD Opteron processor provides a highly scalable architecture that delivers next-generation performance as well as a flexible upgrade path from 32- to 64-bit computing. With a single architecture designed to meet current and future business needs the AMD Opteron processor can help to minimize the integration complexities presented by business environments today and in the future.
CategoryProliant Processor
Part Number361036-B21
Products ID141513
Product TypeProcessor Upgrade
Processor TypeAMD Opteron 248
Processor CoreSingle-Core
Processor Qty1
Clock Speed2.2GHz
Bus Speed1600MHz
Processor Technology130nm
L2 Cache2MB
64-bit ProcessingYes
Processor SocketSocket PGA-940
Thermal Design Power89W


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Christian Horner was surprised Lewis Hamilton was allowed to start the German GP from the grid given the changes to his car's brakes...
Christian Horner was surprised Lewis Hamilton was allowed to start the German GP from the grid given the changes to his car's brakes.
Following his crash in Saturday's qualifying, the result of a right-front brake disc failure, Mercedes switched Hamilton's car from Brembo to Carbon Industrie ahead of the grand prix.
However, changing suppliers after qualifying usually results in a pitlane start for the driver as the cars are under parc ferme rules.
Mercedes argued the point and Hamilton was permitted to start the race from the grid based on a rule that allows changes as long as the component is a "similar in mass, inertia and function to the original".
Horner was surprised by that decision.
Asked about it the Red Bull team boss said: "Absolutely. It is a change of car specification.
"If you change it like for like that is one thing, but if you change it for something made by a different manufacturer that has a different characteristic, and as described by the driver himself as something different, it is an interesting precedent.
"But it is not something we are going to protest. It is really down to the stewards if they are happy with it, otherwise it sets a precedent going forward.
"We obviously now need clarification because if you can do that, then what else can you change? It will be interesting to see what was the justification."
As for suggestions that the switch was made on safety grounds, Horner said: "We are running the same material on both of our cars as Lewis was, so it was safe on our car."
Meanwhile, Ferrari team boss Marco Mattiacci revealed the Scuderia considered launching a protest but decided against it.
The Italian told Press Association: "We discussed it internally but we decided not to move forward on this because I don't think we wanted to get into it."


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j.yuri posted an update from 2pm 3 years, 4 months ago
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Hot Korean actor Hyun Bin is spreading "Hyun Bin fever" like an epidemic in Korea. We can't avoid his gorgeous appeal. He is the man we have been waiting for.♥
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Ladies and gentlemen, it's here. Election night. Hopefully you voted. Hopefully your ballot is being counted. And hopefully, tonight, we'll knew who won the 2012 Presidential Election.
Is your head spinning? Are you in a daze? I'm quivering with anxiety and just five minutes ago typed "erection night" accidentally. I'm hoping my ballot actually got scanned (I didn't see it go into the machine with my own eyes) and I'm worried somewhat that my favorite astrologer Susan Miller is predicting that there may be unexpected results: maybe someone will win the popular vote, and someone else will win the electoral college? (Mercury went retrograde today at 7pm.) But! Nate Silver crunched the numbers and as of right now, he claims there's a 90% chance that Obama will win.
Meanwhile, we're monitoring Twitter (which might crash), blogs, TV networks and phone calls from Mom to bring you the very latest in election night news. Keep checking back, and also let us know how you're spending election night: Are you drinking? Are you watching TV? What channel are you watching? Are you scared? Excited? Exhausted??? I'll be updating and adding news below.
DONE DEAL GUYS. Thanks for hanging out!
This happened because of you. Thank you.
— Barack Obama (@BarackObama) November 7, 2012
— Cher (@cher) November 7, 2012
Nicely done, America.
— Dita Von Teese (@DitaVonTeese) November 7, 2012
CNN is calling it.
NBC is calling it. Barack Obama has been reelected.
In case you missed it: Mike Huckabee thinks Republicans have done a pathetic job of reaching out to people of color. ORLY?
Meanwhile: Obama is projected to win new Mexico, which would put him at 249 electoral votes.
CNN is calling IOWA!!!
CNN is projecting Obama will take California, Washington and Hawaii. And Wisconsin. Romney is projected to win North Carolina.
Our editor-in-chief is at the Obama HQ in Chicago. Her EXCLUSIVE report:
My dog decided I was spending too much time with the laptop and has commandeered my lap. He is watching CNN and yawning.
I'm tired. There has to be a better way to do this. I feel like I'm waiting for Santa Claus, or for the New Year's Eve ball to drop. Except so many maps and so much talking. Not enough party.
@toddakin skulk away.I cannot wait to never hear from you again.
— mia farrow (@MiaFarrow) November 7, 2012
Here's what the TV sounds like right now: Florida Florida Florida Florida Florida Florida Florida Florida Florida Florida Florida Florida. James Carville uttered the word Florida about seven times in 30 seconds.
Elspeth Reeve at The Atlantic Wire has put together a gallery of The Sad Faces of Fox News on Election Night!
Karl Rove might cry.
The old white dude. RT @davidplotz: I've forgotten which rape senate candidate is which.
— Anna Holmes (@AnnaHolmes) November 7, 2012
— Spike Lee (@SpikeLee) November 7, 2012
Claire McCaskill defeated Akin. On her own. LEGITIMATELY.
— Rachel Syme (@rachsyme) November 7, 2012
Nate Silver has North Carolina on his mind:
Almost all of Mr. Romney's advantage can be explained by one county, Wake County, in North Carolina's Research Triangle. President Obama won it by 64,000 votes in 2008. This year, Mr. Romney leads by 2,000 votes so far.
Oh how delicious that Todd Akin and Richard Mourdock lost. Belittling rape isn't a good platform, huh?! #Election2012
— Mona Eltahawy (@monaeltahawy) November 7, 2012
CNN projecting that Obama wins New Hampshire.
Massachusetts voters approve marijuana for medicinal purposes. Story: on.today.com/RTmFHL #NBCPolitics
— TODAY(@todayshow) November 7, 2012
Don't feel too bad, Richard Mourdock. It's all part of God's plan for you to SHUT THE FUCK UP FOREVER YOU MISOGYNIST PIECE OF SHIT.
— Wil Wheaton (@wilw) November 7, 2012
Shoutout to people standing in line to vote! Stay strong. Play "Guap" or "Slight Work (Remix)" on your phone & go ham to pass the time
— Aziz Ansari (@azizansari) November 7, 2012
In line to vote? Don't budge! As long as you're in line when the polls close, you can still vote. #StayInLine #VOTEREADY
— Donna Brazile (@donnabrazile) November 7, 2012
Like many of us, Martha Stewart has turned to food.
i was so nervous i went into town for a slice of pizza! 3 slices actually- second time i have done that in 12 yearsit was not delivered!
— Martha Stewart (@MarthaStewart) November 7, 2012
Retta is busy being hilarious:
Tonight we finally find out if the adage "Once you go black, you never go back" holds up.
— Retta (@unfoRETTAble) November 7, 2012
BIG NEWS! Warren. Baldwin! Pennsylvania!
Fox calls #WISen for Tammy Baldwin, who will be the first openly gay person to serve in the Senate.
— daveweigel (@daveweigel) November 7, 2012
CNN projects: President Obama takes Pennsylvania. #Election2012
— Reuters Politics (@ReutersPolitics) November 7, 2012
BREAKING: @cbsnews projects that Elizabeth Warren wins MA Senate seat #MAsen
— CBS News (@CBSNews) November 7, 2012
Text from coworker Madeleine: "I am eating whiskey."
Text from friend in California: "I especially want Obama to win in every state where Republicans made efforts to keep poor, minority people from voting."
UPDATE: 100s still standing in line to vote in Miami area, many in places w/o access to restrooms: flpbd.it/UOHwu
— David Beard (@dabeard) November 7, 2012
Friends, I'm calling it: SNACK TIME!
CNN estimates are updated in real time on a rather breathtaking graphic template: The Empire State.. twitter.com/carr2n/status/…
— david carr (@carr2n) November 7, 2012
Guys, I am worried about Nate Silver!
On The Wall, The Writing.
— Nate Silver (@fivethirtyeight) November 7, 2012
Wolf Blitzer is YELLING about how Romney is winning by a mere 636 votes in Florida. It's CLOSE, he is saying. Yes, Wolf. We can see that.
Is it possible to pour this can of Coca-Cola directly into my veins? Or aorta?
Growth in Non-Cuban Hispanics Helps Obama in Florida nyti.ms/PBZTHL
— Nate Silver (@fivethirtyeight) November 7, 2012
Friend on Facebook writes, "I will voMITT."
BTW did you see what Bill O'Reilly has been up to tonight? Basically, poor people want stuff, and Obama will give it to them. Not sure what kind of "stuff" he means, maybe freedom of choice? Equal rights? That kind of stuff?
I miss #TimRussert, too! He always brought the A-game.
— octavia spencer (@octaviaspencer) November 7, 2012
FLORIDA AT 50/50. Raise your hand if you have a stomach ache.
What are reverse coattails? I am picturing a McQueen jacket.
The Republican Party will retain control of the House of Representatives, CNN projects. #CNNelection cnn.com
— CNN Breaking News (@cnnbrk) November 7, 2012
RT @ashleyrparker: Dead silence in Romney ballroom when Fox News announces that he lost Michigan, his native state...
— Brian Stelter (@brianstelter) November 7, 2012
Obama projected to win Michigan, New York, New Jersey. CNN showing Obama headquarters, where there is much cheering, some jumping up and down. Romney still ahead in terms of projected electoral votes.
Romney projected to win Kansas, Louisiana, Nebraska, South Dakota, Texas, Wyoming, Mississippi.
Remote control decided to stop working! Mutiny!
The Politico map has 64-67 Obama-Romney.
Nate Silver says that in Florida, things are exceptionally close. And:
We're tracking the individual counties as they come in from that state, particularly those where there is a decent amount of Election Day votes reported, rather than just absentee ballots. Throughout the state, the vote tallies are coming in about exactly as you would expect in a tied race.
Romney is projected to win Alabama. This means he could now have 82 electoral votes. EIGHTY TWO. Do you have your gynecologist on speed dial?
Romney is projected to win Arkansas and Tennessee. This bumps him up, he now has more electoral votes than Obama. Romney has 73, the President has 64. Deep breaths, people. DEEP BREATHS.
Just FYI I am putting on a sports bra and ordering Thai food.
Romney will win Georgia's 16 electoral votes, CNN projects. #CNNelection cnn.com
— CNN Breaking News (@cnnbrk) November 7, 2012
Nate Silver has some news for you, and it might make you break out into a clammy sweat:
So far, however, Democrats also have an edge in the party identification numbers in the exit polls. In Ohio, 38 percent of voters identified as Democratic in the exit poll as compared with 31 percent of Republicans. And in Virginia, Democrats had a 37-to-33 advantage in party identification. These numbers are similar to what many pre-election polls showed.
Mitt Romney is not necessarily poised to lose, however: he led President Obama among independents in both the Ohio and Virginia exit polls. It may be that some conservative-leaning voters are identifying as independent rather than Republican in the surveys, but still voting for Mr. Romney.
Now Wolf says 64-56, Obama/Romney.
I guess I will order some food. In the immortal words of Karen Carpenter, we've only just begun.
I felt so sexy & powerful at the voting booth today
— RuPaul (@RuPaul) November 7, 2012
Romney is ever so slightly ahead in the popular vote, but again, it's early. Now seems like a good time to make a double of whatever you are drinking, however.
64 to 40 at the moment.
Obama is projected to win Connecticut, Delaware, Illinois, Maryland, Maine, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, DC. Massachusetts is Romney's state.
Romney is getting Oklahoma.
Obama has the lead in Florida. But it's too early.
Polls are closed in Ohio and the counting begins. #2012Election
— Jon Husted (@JonHusted) November 7, 2012
ugh the 2008 election was way more fun, tina fey was everywhere all the time and i had fewer gray hairs
— Tavi Gevinson (@tavitulle) November 7, 2012
Guys, zombies???
Favorite AOL headline of the evening: Man Dies At Polls, But Comes Back To Life To Finish Voting
— Ms. Magazine (@msmagazine) November 7, 2012
Someone please read this story about unlawful voter purge in Pennsylvania. I can't. I can't with this!
Um, did the rapper The Game pay voters to vote? TMZ reports:
he's already shelled out $10,000 to 500 voters stranded by the storm ... in order to help them make it to the polls… The money was intended to help voters who were hit hard by last week's disaster to pay for gas or another form of transportation in order to cast their ballot.
And get this — Game says he's so committed to the cause ... he even helped shuttle people to the polls in his own car.
RT @nbcnews NBC News declares Mitt Romney the projected winner in South Carolina. #NBCPolitics
— TODAY(@todayshow) November 7, 2012
Paula Deen just tweeted about how awesome cast iron cookware is.
Whatever happens tonight, I hope Americans will just relax and love the shit out of each other.
— Kristen Schaal (@kristenschaaled) November 7, 2012
Wolf Blitzer says Ohio and North Carolina are very very close.
West Virginia: Romney, projected winner.
Switching to CNN — NBC just gave me the weather. I know there's another storm coming but I need projection updates!
Virginia update…
Exit polls are exit polls, but Virginia as of now is showing +6 D in party ID. So the much-criticized skew may hold in actual reality.
— Neil King (@NKingofDC) November 7, 2012
I love Sherman Alexie.
Dear people who think Republicans and Democrats are the same: Stop being so white.
— Sherman Alexie (@Sherman_Alexie) November 7, 2012
Okay, CNN is projecting that Mitt Romney will win Kentucky, while President Obama will win Vermont.
I have CNN on in the picture-in-picture. Maps and graphs and maps and graphs. Mind-numbing.
Okay, for now I am watching NBC. The soothing brows of Brian Williams. The first closings! Virginia: Too close to call. BITE YOUR NAILS. Indiana: Romney. Kentucky: Romney. South Carolina: Too early to call. Vermont: Obama is the projected winner. Georgia: Too early to call. These are projections, obviously!
Breaking news from Extra: President Obama likes Katy Perry's skintight "Forward" dress. Thank you, Extra, for the important update.
Apparently Mitt Romney has not written a concession speech. He has, however, written a victory speech. Interesting. I'm so superstitious, I would think it was bad luck to write either one. Like buying baby furniture before the kid is born.
Don Cheadle has something to say:
Waiting to vote? Stay in line! As long as you're in line before the polls close, you can still vote.
— Don Cheadle (@IamDonCheadle) November 6, 2012
Ooooh, Beyoncé is on Instagram, and put up a pic of herself wearing a "Texans for Obama" T-shirt.
Good news, folks! An ayahuasca-guzzling shaman in the Andes mountains predicts Obama will taste victory tonight. Psychoactive homebrew for the win!
Here's some stuff to check out while you're waiting for results:
- Animal did a really cool lo-tech exit poll.
- On The Media made an interactive election night bingo! Click a square and your bingo chip appears.
- The AP is reporting that most voters are worried about the economy. And:
About half of voters say the previous president, George W. Bush, shoulders more of the blame for economic challenges than President Barack Obama.
- Speaking of Barack Obama, the President posted on Reddit this evening, writing:
I want to thank you all again for the reception you gave me in August for my AMA. Good questions. Definitely not bad.
I'm checking in because polls will start closing in this election in just a few hours, and I need you to vote.
And look, LOOK at this adorable picture we saw on Getty:
NEW YORK, NY- NOVEMBER 06: Raena Lamont, 3, wears a Captain America at a polling center doubling as a donation site November 6, 2012 in the Staten Island borough of New York City. As Staten Island continues to recover from Superstorm Sandy, a few polling stations have been relocated due to power outages or ongoing use as an evacuation center. (Photo by Allison Joyce/Getty Images)


text:
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Report: Brazil's Unigel mulling mid-2014 IPO
11:44 AM MDT | June 18, 2013 | Francinia Protti-Alvarez
Unigel (São Paulo), Brazil's second-largest petrochemical manufacturer after Braskem (São Paulo), is considering an initial public offering for mid-2014, according to a report from Brazil's Agência Estado. The report notes that recent fiscal changes in Brazil, including tax cuts targeting the petrochemical and ethanol sectors, will result in an annual benefit of 100 million reais ($46.5 million), or about 4% of the R$2.6 billion sales reported in 2012, the report adds. Unigel's plan to revive the IPO route in mid-2014 would give the...
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Sunday, October 21, 2001STATESBORO, Ga. - Georgia Southern pushed its winning streak to five as it defeated East Tennessee State 3-0 in Southern Conference volleyball action at Hanner Fieldhouse Sunday afternoon. The Eagles (15-7, 11-2) were led by Martina Veiglova, who tallied her 13th double-double of the season with 14 kills and 11 assists. Camila Schmitz-Rower finished with 11 kills and nine assists while Kim Foytich recorded 21 assists. Georgia Southern hit .304 as a team to move into sole possession of second place in the Southern Conference standings. East Tennessee State (14-3, 10-3) was led by Amber Ciskowski with eight kills and a .263 hitting percentage. Natalie Atzinger also added eight kills for the Bucs while Carey Cavanaugh recorded 28 assists and 10 digs. Georgia Southern jumped out to a 1-0 lead with a 30-16 victory in game one, during which they hit .323 while holding ETSU to a .056 hitting percentage. The Eagle offensive stepped it up a notch in the second game, hitting . 406 to claim a 30-27 victory and a 2-0 lead in the match. Georgia Southern finished off the match with a 30-25 win in game three. Georgia Southern returns to action Tuesday, October 23 when it travels to Charleston, S.C. to face The Citadel at 7:00 p.m. East Tennessee State returns to Johnson City to face Gardner Webb at 6:00 p.m. on the same night.
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