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50% more gamut with quantum dots
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Topic: 50% more gamut with quantum dots (Read 4250 times)
Sr. Member
Posts: 1157
50% more gamut with quantum dots
February 23, 2013, 09:13:34 PM »
Sony is releasing a new entry level DSLR that supports their "tri-Luminous" color technology on Monday. Basic info is out there about the camera. The fascinating thing to me was this article about the large color gamut :
"The TriLuminos gamut is massive. Unlike HDTV, its bigger than AdobeRGB and much bigger than regular sRGB (what most computer screens can show). It is 75.8% of the CIE 1931 colour space. That, by the way, is simply a standard based on what a bunch of test subjects could perceive back in 1931 and its been criticised for failing to include a wide enough range of genetic backgrounds and learned visual abilities."
So of course I have to find out how on earth I am going to see this on a display. Which led to this article:
"Sony might have made news for being the first TV manufacturer with a 4K OLED TV at CES last week, but that wasnt the only first the company was celebrating. Its new Triluminos displays are the first consumer devices (let alone TVs) to make use of quantum dots a semiconductor technology that uses "tuned" nanocrystals so small that they exhibit quantum properties, emitting light only at predetermined wavelengths. The resulting displays reportedly see as much as a 50 percent increase in color gamut, or the range of colors that the screens can reproduce."
Maybe this new stuff will come pre-color calibrated as long as it stays with that manufacturer. Does anyone else have a screen calibration system that can handle this gamut?
Viewing my pictures on a 4k Screen with 50% more color gamut is going to be a whole new world!
bill t.
Sr. Member
Posts: 2979
Re: 50% more gamut with quantum dots
Reply #1 on:
February 23, 2013, 11:26:31 PM »
Cool! But quite frankly I'm having enough trouble dealing with just the color gamut I already have, much less 50% more! And when I am not there to observe it, will my quantum monitor dissolve into a sort of amorphous cloud of probability, only re-assembling as a monitor when I return? Will I sometimes, at random, be able to view fully processed images that I haven't even taken yet? The quantum world is weird, and not to be trifled with.
But seriously, sounds like that sometime in the next few years were all going to be spending a lot of money on new and improved display and colorimetric devices.
Jim Kasson
Sr. Member
Posts: 1315
Re: 50% more gamut with quantum dots
Reply #2 on:
February 24, 2013, 12:33:51 PM »
Quote from: Fine_Art on February 23, 2013, 09:13:34 PM
"The TriLuminos gamut is massive... It is 75.8% of the CIE 1931 colour space.
From the diagram on the linked web page, it looks like the 75.8% statistic could be misleading. It is if it's calculated from the illustrated CIE xy chromaticity diagram, which is not anywhere near perceptually uniform. The xy diagram assigns too much weight to the greens. In the xy diagram that's in the OP linked-to article, most of the gain is in the greens. I can't find the TriLuminos primaries on the web, but if someone will give me a pointer to them, I'll be happy to plot them on a CIE u'v' chromaticity diagram (not perfectly perceptually uniform, but much closer than xy) and post the results.
Tim Lookingbill
Sr. Member
Posts: 1561
Re: 50% more gamut with quantum dots
Reply #3 on:
February 25, 2013, 12:13:56 AM »
Bayer RGGB filters have to be the deciding factor on gamut capture capabilities considering all a sensor does is measure captured electrons filtered by the Bayer pattern from noise floor at 0 captured electrons to full saturation for each pixel site.
The voltage charges for each pixel is then read as grayscale luminance variances and converted to 1's and 0's for software like a Raw converter whether incamera or in post to be reconstructed and assigned color intensities as defined by the scene gamut filtering process of the sensor. They'ld have to measure the transmissive spectral qualities of the Bayer RGGB filter to know what to assign to the grayscale pattern.
Since gamut capture capability is guided by the filtering process of the sensor the only way to know how good it filters according to gamut is to examine and measure the rate of smoothness of variation between luminance grayscale patterns that define detail near saturation before detail blows out to posterization.
IOW a sensor that defines color in an image by luminance variation has to have gamut defined downstream which isn't the source. If Sony doesn't divulge the special spectral qualities of the Bayer filtering that provided the extra gamut capturing capabilities then third party Raw converter engineers have to guess and just trust what Sony says.
Of course the only way to see this smoothness of detail close to full saturation is on a display that can show it.
Full Member
Posts: 208
Re: 50% more gamut with quantum dots
Reply #4 on:
February 25, 2013, 09:33:37 PM »
I'm fuzzy on whether this post concerns the sensor of a DSLR, the LCD of a DSLR, computer monitors, or televisions.
To me, a better gamut on a DSLR's LCD is a "who cares". I really don't see how this applies to a sensor, at least with RAW captures. If it is a camera sensor, I suppost that might allow 15-bit or 16-bit actual bit depth instead of the common 14-bit depth in more recent DSLR's. According to the RawDigger utility, my Canon 5dm2 has about 14,000 different intensity levels for each of the three RGB channels, which requires 14-bit a-to-d converter.
My speculation (didn't track down the articles) is that it is about an eventual computer monitor that people using PhotoShop or other photo-edit software might use. Perhaps the product would be a competitor to high-end Dell, HP, Eizo, etc. monitors that have greater than 100% of the Adobe-1998 gamut.
Or not?
Last Edit: February 26, 2013, 05:00:46 AM by l_d_allan
retired in Colorado Springs, CO, USA ... hobby'ist with mostly Canon gear
Jim Kasson
Sr. Member
Posts: 1315
Re: 50% more gamut with quantum dots
Reply #5 on:
February 26, 2013, 11:25:52 AM »
Quote from: l_d_allan on February 25, 2013, 09:33:37 PM
I'm fuzzy on whether this post concerns the sensor of a DSLR, the LCD of a DSLR, computer monitors, or televisions.
Certainly monitors and TVs. Near as I can figure out, Sony is using a backlight for televisions and perhaps monitors that is emits mainly in three narrow regions of the spectrum, possibly using technology from
, who have been pitching what sounds like something similar for a while. With such a backlight, all the red filter has to do is block the blue and green spectral peaks, all the blue filter has to do is block the red and green spectral peaks, and all the green filter has to do is block the blue and red spectral peaks. With a broad spectrum backlight the only way to get nearly-spectral monitor primaries was to have very narrow filters, which made the display as a whole inefficient. Now that there is not as high an efficiency penalty for moving the primaries out towards the spectral horseshoe, the Sony engineers have done so.
From the OP, it looks like Sony has also announced camera support for a new color space that is congruent, or close to so, with the gamut of their new displays. As you quite rightly point out, this probably has nothing to do with the sensor. Camera sensors sum luminous spectra into three buckets. They don't have gamuts in the sense that we talk about the gamut of an output device. If you could find a sensor which produced no response in some portion of he visible spectrum, you could say that its capture gamut omitted any colors formed by using that part of the spectrum, but, thanks to metamerism, there are an infinite number of spectra that can produce any given color, so that's a rabbit hole we probably don't want to go down. In any event, all the Bayer arrays that I know about do have significant response in at least one color plane from 400 to 800 nm.
However, camera manufacturers provide, in the EXIF data, suggested matrices for conversion of raw data to some color spaces. It sounds like Sony has defined a new color space that fits their new displays, and some of their cameras will probably produce JPEGs in that space and instructions (in the form of new matrices) for raw converters to convert to that space.
As a side issue, an RGB color space for a display is limited to primaries which are physically realizable, and can use only positive amounts of each primary. A color space for processing or storage has no such limitations. Examples of RGB color spaces that violate the positive, physical primary constraint are ProPhotoRGB, which employs two physically unrealizable primaries (the "blue" one -- can you call it blue if you can't see it? -- being wildly outside the horseshoe), and the underlying RGB space behind Kodak (Photo CD) Ycc, which allowed negative amounts of some of the 709 primaries. So there's no reason why color spaces used in processing have to be tied to color spaces used for display. I suspect Sony's target customer for the new cameras is someone making JPEGs and doing no computer processing, but just displaying the images "as is" on a Sony monitor. For those people, a camera's ability to save pictures in the monitor color space will allow them to see colors on the display that they can't seen on competitors' displays...yet.
Last Edit: February 26, 2013, 11:40:46 AM by Jim Kasson
Full Member
Posts: 208
Re: 50% more gamut with quantum dots
Reply #6 on:
February 26, 2013, 11:50:40 AM »
Jim K,
Thanks for the reply ... some of which was over my head.
My interpretation is that the Sony gamut might be an attempt at an improved gamut between Adobe-1998 and ProPhoto that would have greater consistency with the "gamut horseshoe" that a "standard human" can actually see. Or do I have a flawed understanding?
BTW, Sony seems to be in the fore-front of camera sensors (a'la Nikon 800), so it got my attention when the OP mentioned Sony DSLR sensor.
retired in Colorado Springs, CO, USA ... hobby'ist with mostly Canon gear
Jim Kasson
Sr. Member
Posts: 1315
Re: 50% more gamut with quantum dots
Reply #7 on:
February 26, 2013, 12:01:43 PM »
Quote from: l_d_allan on February 26, 2013, 11:50:40 AM
My interpretation is that the Sony gamut might be an attempt at an improved gamut between Adobe-1998 and ProPhoto that would have greater consistency with the "gamut horseshoe" that a "standard human" can actually see. Or do I have a flawed understanding?
I think you've pretty much got it. In Adobe RGB, we have a gamut that doesn't encompass everything we can print. In ProPhotoRGB, we pretty much do, but you can't build a ProPhotoRGB monitor, at least in this universe. So increasing the gamut of the monitor towards encompassing every color we can print is A Good Thing. Sony is doing that. I think their target is display viewers, not photographers who will use the monitor as a proofing device from the direction they went with the primaries. There are limitations on what you can do with three primaries:
Four would give you a lot more flexibility, and some display manufacturers are pursuing that direction:
Tim Lookingbill
Sr. Member
Posts: 1561
Re: 50% more gamut with quantum dots
Reply #8 on:
February 26, 2013, 12:40:30 PM »
Camera sensors sum luminous spectra into three buckets. They don't have gamuts in the sense that we talk about the gamut of an output device.
For photographic capture purposes, yes, sensors don't have gamuts, but from a photographic processing POV they are able to capture scene gamut. Sensors act only as a mirror on reality, however, the more you push them by subjecting them to record certain bright saturated and deep and intense colors it becomes the gamut of the display to know how far to go without turning those intense color's detail into posterized blobs on screen.
In this sense there is no separation of gamut definitions as far as digital capture and processing workflows are concerned.
With regards to straight throughput processing from camera to display, it becomes a question of whether Sony's processing pipeline can map wide gamut scenes and maintain their detail without turning it into posterized blobs on screen. To prove gamut capture capability by Sony's sensor would entail knowing if Sony's default processing pipeline direct to the wide gamut display can compensate a scene gamut on the fly.
For instance the scene gamut shown of the orange pomegranate flower below seems to have exceeded the gamut capture capabilities of my Pentax K100D DSLR, but ACR's tools suggests the camera's jpeg processing pipeline failed in rendering even to sRGB, AdobeRGB or ProPhotoRGB so we're left wondering what gamut that actual scene encompassed.
So is ACR a wide gamut processor?
Last Edit: February 26, 2013, 12:45:25 PM by tlooknbill
Chairman Bill
Sr. Member
Posts: 1865
Re: 50% more gamut with quantum dots
Reply #9 on:
February 26, 2013, 12:51:04 PM »
This is going to be fine for women - they can see 100 shades of taupe. Us blokes just see a sort-of-beige. 'Tis overkill for at least 50% of us
Jim Kasson
Sr. Member
Posts: 1315
Re: 50% more gamut with quantum dots
Reply #10 on:
February 26, 2013, 05:10:49 PM »
You raise several interesting issues, and I thank you for making me think hard about something that I haven't been paid to think about for close to twenty years.
It is possible to have a kind of compression of the differences between two or more colors that takes place at a sensor level, as opposed to processing that takes place after the raw image is captured. You could have a camera whose filter set was sufficiently peaky that, for saturated colors with a narrow spectrum in the pass-band of one of the filters, only one color plane in the raw image had a useful signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Small chromaticity variations in the subject would not translate to any chromaticity variations in the captured image, since the chromaticity of the captured image would be whatever chromaticity the software that followed the capture mapped a raw value of x,0,0 (or 0,x,0 or 0,0,x) to. I don't think that's what's happening in your example, since, in the absence of tone compression in the sensor output (brought on by the well filling up or something in the electron-to-digital-value chain saturating), you would see no compression in luminance, which I'm pretty sure I see in the JPEG part of your example.
Designing a filter set for a camera requires the management of a complicated set of tradeoffs. (Tradeoffs are a good thing; otherwise, what would the engineers and the product managers argue about?)
Here are a few:
1) Sensitivity (base ISO) -- higher is better. This argues for keeping the filter passbands wide.
2) SNR -- higher is better. This argues for keeping the filter passbands narrow.
3) Accurate conversion to human tristimulus color space. The effect of this is difficult to generalize. Here's one specific that comes to mind: the ability to replicate the excitation of the "long" or "red" cone cells by extremely short-wavelength visible light that produces the color violet in the rainbow. I've not seen a camera that does a credible job with this.
4) Availability, cost, and stability of suitable filter materials.
The last set of criteria is easier to deal with in a camera that uses beam-splitters and three monochromatic sensors rather that a Bayer array or something similar. However, such an approach has adverse cost, size, and ruggedness implications.
You can see how criteria 2) and 4), together with a low valuation of 3) (Velvia, anyone?) could lead a product team to develop a sensor that had the kind of color-specific chromaticity compression that you're talking about.
Your example shows a lot of luminance compression in the red channel, but it also shows luminance compression in the other two channels -- look at the hand. That makes me think that some or all of that compression comes, as you mention, from the image processing pipeline that follows the raw capture. There are lots of places in that chain of operations where such damage might take place.
Does that make sense? Or have I missed your point?
Last Edit: February 26, 2013, 05:53:29 PM by Jim Kasson
Tim Lookingbill
Sr. Member
Posts: 1561
Re: 50% more gamut with quantum dots
Reply #11 on:
February 26, 2013, 06:06:26 PM »
Does that make sense? Or have I missed your point?
Interesting outline of the mechanics involved in digital sensor behavior as it relates to reproduction according to human vision as a color space, but that wasn't my point.
My point was about Sony or any other company claiming improved color gamut performance of a digital capture and viewing device and how to prove that performance so photographers can understand if it's happening as claimed by said company.
The orange flower was meant as an illustration to show as long as software is involved in the digital reproduction pipeline I don't see how they can prove hardware sensor gamut capture capability in a way a photographer would understand and thus lay down his money to buy such a device.
IOW I believe it's marketing BS because it claims a capability that's downright unprovable or so complex that a photographer wouldn't understand it if it was explained as plainly as possible or even know if it's happening as designed.
Last Edit: February 26, 2013, 06:08:03 PM by tlooknbill
Jim Kasson
Sr. Member
Posts: 1315
Re: 50% more gamut with quantum dots
Reply #12 on:
February 26, 2013, 06:10:21 PM »
I think your skepticism is well-placed. It's early days, though. Maybe as we learn more, there will be some beef.
Sr. Member
Posts: 10560
Re: 50% more gamut with quantum dots
Reply #13 on:
February 26, 2013, 06:12:31 PM »
Quote from: tlooknbill on February 26, 2013, 06:06:26 PM
IOW I believe it's marketing BS because it claims a capability that's downright unprovable or so complex that a photographer wouldn't understand it if it was explained as plainly as possible or even know if it's happening as designed.
That's a very real possibility! Some of the stuff I see in terms of marketing seems logical until you dig deeper. For example, there are projectors that in addition to using RGB filters, add CMY. The marketing spin I've seen makes it appear that man, are you going to see more saturated wider gamut color. Build a profile and the reality is, you've got a smaller gamut than a device using RGB filters and just better technology.
I also love when manufacturer's tell us how many billion's or trillions of colors their device can produce (because of 12 or 14 bits and some simple math) despite the gamut limitations and that most people who know, agree we can't see anything close to those numbers of colors (even 16.7 million). Doesn't stop the marketing BS from being applied to the unsuspecting.
I'm not saying this is the case here with Sony. I'm saying Tim's skepticism is well deserved.
Andrew Rodney
Author Color Management for Photographers
Another here who is ignoring all posts from: "AlterEgo" "deeejjaaa"
Tim Lookingbill
Sr. Member
Posts: 1561
Re: 50% more gamut with quantum dots
Reply #14 on:
February 26, 2013, 06:16:27 PM »
Just to add all a photographer wants to do is point his/her camera at a scene and know upfront how much work is going to be involved in getting what he/she saw or what they want to convey.
If they have to shoot product shots with neon green, deep and rich aqua and other intense colors, they need to know if they will be limited by their camera or their display's color gamut so they don't waste time reading color theory explanations that don't improve their bottom line.
A company just coming out and claiming their device can encompass some obscure 3D plot description of a color gamut, would be more helpful offering a device to go with it that measures or at least can tell them if what they've shot goes beyond their product's reproduction chain the photographer bought into.
That's when science becomes functional for a photographer.
Last Edit: February 26, 2013, 06:22:50 PM by tlooknbill
Posts: 10
Re: 50% more gamut with quantum dots
Reply #15 on:
April 12, 2013, 05:54:55 PM »
First, regarding the camera sensor, increased gamut is irrelevant for 99+% of the pictures taken today. Since they are mostly going to be viewed with sRGB (potentially) capable monitors with sRGB pictures (e.g. on the web), any extended gamut will be lost. However, for photo processing with good software, a higher dynamic range can result in a far better conversion to the sRGB space, including better shadow tone detail, which is typically lacking with pictures taken directly into a sRGB space.
I say this because of the way I understand the bits are allocated to different light levels in the picture (unless I've completely misunderstood Michael Reichmann's ETTR and "OpenRAW" articles) and the relatively low powered converters in even modern DSLR cameras when compared to PC's.
Second, any display that is set to a gamut that is wider than the picture it is trying to display can be prone to color distortions as the monitor tries to "upconvert" the (for example) sRGB picture to, say, an Adobe RGB space. These distortions will likely get worse as conversions are done to move these sRGB pics to even wider and non-standard color spaces.
This is also a problem for other "legacy" media such as pics that use Adobe RGB and movies that use Rec 709 (effectively the sRGB color space). High quality converters from the existing standard color spaces (e.g. sRGB) and this non-standard color space becomes even more problematic as you increase the number of different conversions to be made. Yes, you will likely see "more", but the question is, "Is the 'more' accurate?" Answer: Probably not.
As an aside, I'd like to note that it should be interesting to see how Rec. 709 movies play on Rec. 2020 TV's.
Anyway, back to the topic at hand. IMO, it is another way for Sony to sell their products, like using more megapixels sells cameras, even though additional megapixels doesn't help where many of the major problems are in existing camera systems, such as dynamic range and noise.
Personally, I'll take better dynamic range and reduced noise over megapixels any day (within reason, given no extensive crop/zooming, and only needing, say, up to 12"x18" prints). The same with this "new" gamut technology. I'd rather have spot on sRGB (and Adobe RGB if I'm looking to use a wide gamut printer) in all screens/cameras sold than a wider gamut that is likely inaccurate. It is just more useful for everyday work.
Anyway, this is my $.02 worth and probably not worth what you are paying for it.
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text:
- Independent
- The Enterprise
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The injured driver of a car that police had chased up and down a St. Mary's highway early Sunday morning was flown to a hospital, authorities report, after law officers found the vehicle smashed into a tree along a side road.
Mechanicsville volunteer firefighters also responded, according to county dispatch reports, and found the car on fire.
St. Mary's sheriff's Cpl. Keith Moritz tried to stop the 2012 Nissan Altima for speeding at about 4:26 a.m. that day on Route 235 near Friendship School Road in Mechanicsville, the sheriff's office reports, but the car went north on Route 235 and Route 5. The pursuit ensued in part because additional traffic infractions indicated that the driver was impaired, according to the sheriff's office.
The car made a U-turn at the Charles County line and continued southbound on Route 5, the sheriff's office reports, and the law officers unsuccessfully tried to halt the car using "stop sticks," before they lost sight of the vehicle in the Laurel Grove area and eventually discovered that it had crashed head-on into the tree at nearby Queen Tree Road.
The driver, whose name was not released, was flown by a Maryland State Police helicopter crew to the Prince George's Hospital Center to be treated for "substantial injuries," according to the sheriff's office.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Jarno Trulli's days as a F1 driver appear over after Caterham confirmed that Vitaly Petrov had replaced the Italian...
Jarno Trulli's days as a F1 driver appear over after Caterham confirmed that Vitaly Petrov had replaced the Italian.
Following another tardy season with Caterham, previously known as Team Lotus, in which he was more often than not beaten by his team-mate Heikki Kovalainen, rumours started to circulate suggesting Trulli's days at the team were numbered.
These rumours gathered momentum when Lotus F1, previously Renault, decided not to retain Petrov, leaving the Russian and his millions in sponsorship up for grabs.
Trulli, however, insisted as recently as Tuesday this week that his Caterham race-seat was "safe" although the 37-year-old did concede that economics could play a role in his future.
And that seems to be what has happened with Caterham confirming on Friday that the Italian was making way for Petrov.
"We are all delighted to welcome Vitaly into our team and are very excited about the role he will play in helping us take the next steps forward in 2012 and for many years to come," said team owner Tony Fernandes.
"When we first met it was immediately clear that Vitaly understands and shares our vision for how we want our team to grow.
"As the first Russian to race in F1 he carries the hopes of a huge nation with ease and his talents, experience with one of our current competitors and insights on and off track will play a huge role in our development as we fight to join the established teams ahead."
He added: "I also want to take this opportunity to thank Jarno for the absolutely pivotal role he played in the formation and progression of our team since he joined us in December 2009.
"Jarno has an incredible natural talent behind the wheel, and his winning record and longevity in the sport will bear testament to that talent in the Formula 1 annals forever, but now it is time to open a new chapter in our team's story, and Vitaly is the right person to help us do that.
"We have reached agreement with Jarno to bring an end to our partnership with him, but he will always be part of our family.
"Now we want to integrate Vitaly as quickly as possible into the team, and we will do everything we can to welcome him in, give him a car he can use to showcase his skills, and keep up the rate of development that has seen us go from an empty factory with just four employees to a fully established Formula 1 team in just over two years."
As for Petrov, the Russian is relishing the opportunity to continue Caterham's climb up the Formula One ranks.
"This is a very exciting day for me," he said. "The passion and spirit that Tony and the whole team have to keep moving forwards is infectious, and I am honoured to be able to join them and play my part in helping the team mount a serious challenge to the teams ahead in 2012 and for many seasons to come.
"I have been training hard all winter and am ready to get back into the cockpit and go to work. From what I have seen already, our new car is another good step forward from 2011 and now I cannot wait to see how it feels when we get to Barcelona."


text:
|News » Archives
Men's Tennis Shut Out By #32 Wake Forest
Sunday, February 24, 2002Winston-Salem, N. C. (February 24, 2002) - East Tennessee State's men's tennis (2-2) was shut out by Wake Forest (6-1) 7-0 Sunday afternoon at the Wake Forest Indoor Tennis Center. The Demon Deacons won two out of the three doubles match and swept the singles competition. ETSU's Marcos Pavlovich (Otamendi, Argentina) and Diego Iglesias (Mar del Plata, Argentina) lost the No. 1 doubles match to 27th ranked David Loewenthal and Trent Brendon, 8-6. Pablo Sahagun (Cuernavaca, Mexico) and Alejandro Salazar (Arequipa, Peru) secured the only win for the Bucs today by defeating Derrick Spice and Mike Murray, 8-6. In the No. 3 spot, Wake Forest took the doubles point when Justin Kaufmann and David Bere downed Moises Serrano (Bucaramanga, Colombia) and Federico Ochoa (Manizales, Colombia), 9-7. In singles competition, Pavlovich was defeated in straight sets by Loewenthal by scores of 7-5, 6-4. Wake Forest's Bere took care of Shagun in the No. 2 position, 6-3, 6-2. Spice struggled a bit against Salazar but endedup winning in three sets, 6-1, 4-6, 6-2. Murray pulled out the win against Iglesias, 6-3, 3-6, and 7-6(6). Francisco Diaz (Weston, Fla.) lost to Brendon, 6-1, 6-3. To conclude the sweep, Kaufmann defeated Ochoa, 7-5, 7-6(2). The Bucs head to the Old Dominion Invitational March 2-3. Other schools competing will be Old Dominion, Virginia and Norfolk State. ETSU 0, WFU 7 Singles: 1) #24 David Loewenthal (WFU) def. Marcos Pavlovich (ETSU) 7-5, 6-4 2) David Bere (WFU) def. Pablo Sahagun (ETSU) 6-3, 6-2 3) Derrick Spice (WFU) def. Alejandro Salazar (ETSU) 6-1, 4-6, 6-2 4) Mike Murray (WFU) def. Diego Iglesias (ETSU) 6-3, 3-6, 7-6(6) 5) Trent Brendon (WFU) def. Francisco Diaz (ETSU) 6-1, 6-1 6) Justin Kaufmann (WFU) def. Federico Ochoa (ETSU) 7-5, 7-6(2) Doubles: 1) #27 Loewenthal/Brendon (WFU) def. Pavlovich/Iglesias (ETSU) 8-6 2) Sahagun/Salazar (ETSU) def. Murray/Spice (WFU) 8-6 3) Kaufmann/Bere (WFU) def. Serrano/Ochoa (ETSU) 9-7 Team Records: ETSU (2-2) WFU (6-1)


text:
Dear members,
Thank you, NarutoBase Staff
Originally Posted by Okami the butcher
with women it's always complicated they will turn a small issue like forgetting to turn off the light and try to make it seem worse then 9/11
Because you think like that, you're actually making things even more complicated. -___-
Originally Posted by Hipster Madara
Because you think like that, you're actually making things even more complicated. -___-
it seems you have never been in a relationship
Originally Posted by Okami the butcher
it seems you have never been in a relationship
Just say you won't do it and stop over complicating things.
If you think they're too complicated, then it's obviously not gonna work because you have communication problems (or they're just crazy because sometimes they just plainly are) .....
I'm a girl but I'm pretty straightforward.
If I want you to turn off all the lights, then I'll tell you and expect you to do it, like any normal person. If you forget, then whatever but you're the one that's gonna go turn it off when I remind you, not me.
Originally Posted by Okami the butcher
women are mental terrorist
The only reason we girls seem like "mental terrorists" is because guys can't get us out of their minds. -_- thats why the fourth shinobi world war started.
Originally Posted by Yasuko Sayomi
The only reason we girls seem like "mental terrorists" is because guys can't get us out of their minds. -_- thats why the fourth shinobi world war started.
me reading bold:
:sy: Is this gonna become a retarded Girls vs Boys thread?
Making girls look bad here...
Me reading underlined:
Originally Posted by Hipster Madara
me reading bold:
:sy: Is this gonna become a retarded Girls vs Boys thread?
Making girls look bad here...
Me reading underlined:
Sorry trolling was not intended
*finish reading all the posts*
but foreal it's 50% girl t+ 50%boy =100%complication some of times..
hmm you cant say women are complicated because so are we,
women are a man's weakness,
so im not surprised if obito went bezerk cuz of a girl.
clant blame him either.
I think it's kinda stupid to want to watch the world burn just because you were like 12 years old and some girl didn't love you back, but whatever. I guess it's Manga-logic.
12 year old love is too strong. Going on like forever. K.
You are all just kind of mad bc I even the sexist Ojisan Kishi finally acknowledged the truth that
the power over most kinds of tailed beasts are possessed by WOMEN!
Simply accept it!
Its not about the girls, its about the feelings of some guys~ If a men can't control his feelings he will turn mad, maybe evil and his mind won't be clear~ Its not the Girls fault, that some Guys are easy to crush mentally, thats why some pretty women can control us so easy, without us realising. Feelings are a complicated matter, but if you learn to be a dominant one, with a strong mind you will be able to control yourself, and even make most of the women, be hung up by u~ Im pretty sure, that Rin also liked Obito, maybe not as much as Kakashi, but at the end if things had not turned wrong, I think Obito could have get Rin, but well life is a misreable friend, who likes to play retarded jokes~
At the end, its Kishi showing us, how strong just some simple feelings of Human can change worlds. As Madara said, 'Hatred is born, from protecting love' or if u think more about it, it would be 'hatred is born from protecting your feelings'.
Naruto & Obito are doing this because of their emotional desires~
Its just stupid, if we say girls are the evil, no they are just more aware of their feelings, so at this part they are just stronger, but well men can overcome this = win~
Its not girls in general.
For example, I love only one girl, all other girls could be piles of shit for all I care.
For Obito, his reason to live has died, so why not live in an eternal illusion?
Finding another one would be impossible if you actually loved the other.
Why isn't this thread closed -.- it's off topic sort of.
I love girls so I dont know what you mean..
Originally Posted by Deuz
Agreed girls are the devil and should be banned from the face of the planet.
That speach about "banned woman from the face of the planet" sounds Gay!!! Do not say them thing deh!!!!
A Woman is not fully the problem they are just hard to deal with
Originally Posted by Okami the butcher
then who are we going to make the naked time with?
Truer words have never been spoken fine philosopher
Am I the only one who thought about porn, after reading the title of this topic?
Its either the thread creator is gay or he lives on a remote island full of dudes. :sy:
the movie troy - war started because of a girl. Movie Brave Heart - english kills his girl, goes beserk and decides to destroy them. almost everything
The reason why there is complication is because "love" is strong beyond imagination. It's not the woman/girl. It's how emotionally you are connected to the woman/girl/friend/family/country etc etc. If becomes part of your body and if someone steals that part of your body. You don't feel complete anymore.
Forum Rules


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Didn't see this posted and well this **** is funny!
Didn't see this posted and well this **** is funny!
The above post is not subject to penalty under the TOS I declare the Hayden Fox defense. " It is impossible for the staff to know my context therefore I cannot be penalized"
Nice to see the commish chime in!
This is great, laughed my ass off reading it.
Lol at the Roger and Brees Fight
I love these!
So awesome.
"All animals are equal, but some animals are more equal than others" -George Orwell
I'm sorry to be a downer but these aren't very creative or funny. The only funny one was the combo between manning and Brady. I feel like the rest of these are tired retreads.
Drew Brees was great
Where's tannehill?????


text:
Comic Sales Plummet, No Issue Breaks 100K in August
"Plummet" is the word used to describe August's Direct Market comic book sales in a new report from ICv2. The retailer site said on Tuesday that August's graphic novel sales were down 21% from the previous month, with periodicals down 17%, with not a single comic book within sight of the 100,000 mark.
The top-selling comic book in August was DC Comics' "Brigh


text:
Will Gadd, a native of Alberta, Canada, became the first person to ascend the Niagara Falls.
To the Editor:Subject: The Oak Ridger's article titled, "City police turnover rate questioned" dated Jan 27
To the Editor:
JoAnn O. Sluss, age 83, of Oak Ridge, passed away Friday, Jan. 30, 2015, at her home, surrounded by her family.
George Scott Boswell of Kingston, Tenn., with his wife's and children's hands upon him went peacefully home to be with the Lord on Friday, Jan. 2, 2015.
It helps to have friends in high places. Except if you're Gabriela Dawson.In this exclusive sneak peek from Wednesday's episode of
Almost as dominant as New England's performance in the AFC championship game was the showing for Pro Picks in both conference title matches.
The pilots of a helium-filled balloon flying across the Pacific Ocean surpassed a duration record Friday as they approach North America, marking a historic day for the team that already has eclipsed a distance milestone.
Four young women stripped naked and threw themselves on the red earth as a squad of French peace keepers in the Central African Republic stood by stone-faced.
Super XLIX is almost here! The New England Patriots will battle the
- Events Calendar


text:
Bridgeport Hospital's REACH Program is an intensive outpatient program (IOP) for children, adolescents, adults and seniors.
The REACH Program provides intake assessments, medication management, group therapy, case management and after care planning.
REACH is located at 305 Boston Avenue in Stratford. For more information about our services, call 203-384-3377, 8:30 a.m.-5:00 p.m., Monday-Friday.
Bridgeport Hospital's Adult REACH Program offers intensive outpatient treatment for adults with psychiatric and/or substance abuse problems. The intensive services may prevent the need for hospitalization or provide a transition from an inpatient setting.
Who May Need Our Help?
Adults who exhibit the following symptoms may benefit from treatment:
Intensive-Outpatient (IOP) Programs
In the Intensive-Outpatient Program (IOP), patients are seen three to four times per week,
10:00 a.m. — 1:30 p.m. Patients are placed in one of four different tracks designed specifically for their individual needs.
Acute Track
Dual Track
For patients with co-occurring mental health and addiction disorders.
Focus Track
Supportive group therapy for the chronically mentally ill.
Older Adult Track
This track is for those facing the mental health issues that often come as we grow older. Treatments include group and family therapy.
Medication Management
For those who need ongoing medication monitoring. These are typically 15-minute visits with a focus on psychopharmacology. Clients are encouraged to have additional support in place as these are not individual therapy appointments.
Our Staff
Treatment is provided by a team that includes a board-certified psychiatrist, psychiatric nurses, social workers, activity therapists, substance abuse counselors and support staff. Additionally, as part of Bridgeport Hospital the REACH Program has ready access to a range of specialists.
How to Access the Program
Patients may be referred to the Adult Program by physicians or other healthcare professionals or programs. Self-referrals and family referrals are also encouraged.
For more information, please call 203-384-3377, 8:30-5:00 pm and ask for the Adult Program Coordinator.
The REACH Adult Program is covered by Medicare, Medicaid and most commercial insurance plans.


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Sport professionals demand nothing less than the best, and Oakley answered their challenge for decades. World-class athletes have driven Oakley to create innovation after innovation, including interchangeable lens…
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text:
We've had bursts of Haiku as creative outlets, now and then, but the silence of this off-season is so deafening, I thought I'd prime the pump:
Slow-crawl off-season,
Numbed by post-Olympics blues.
Tick-tock faint but clear.
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We've had bursts of Haiku as creative outlets, now and then, but the silence of this off-season is so deafening, I thought I'd prime the pump:
Slow-crawl off-season,
Numbed by post-Olympics blues.
Tick-tock faint but clear.
Paul George in China/
Three sixty dunk through the legs/
An impressive feat
Pass the ball Dhantay!
Now he's gone.
Hib Hib Harooy!
Off- or Pre-season
The leaves of history keep
Bashing JOB.
A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush.
Or throw in a first-round pick and flip it for a max-level point guard...
Will poetry woo
long-lost Pacer fans return?
I have my doubts...yo.
[~]) ... Cheers! Go Pacers!
Get Eric Gordon!
When will he come here?
Probably never.
Question from the past
Shooter, not missing, shoots next?
Do hot streaks exist?
Now that Peyton's gone,
Pacers are top in Indy.
Who is this Luck kid?
Welcome to Pacers Digest! New around here? Here are three tips for making the forum a great place to talk about Pacers basketball.
- Log in. Even if you want to read instead of post, it's helpful because it lets you:
- Change your signature options. You can hide all signatures by choosing "Settings" (top right) then "General Settings" (middle left) and unchecking the box "Show Signatures" (in the "Thread Display Options" area).
- Create an ignore list. I know it may seem unneighborly. But you're here to talk about the Pacers, not argue with someone who's just looking for an argument. Most of the regular users on here make use (at least occasionally) of the "Ignore" feature. Just go to "Settings" -> "Edit Ignore List" and add the names.
Enjoy your time at PD!
Will never be forgotten
On Pacer Digest
Can't stand poetry
Furthermore Haiku icky
English class I flunked
Ever notice that
Haikus sound like Yoda speak
No Pacers talk here
Started school today
Post on discussion board there
No place to be snarky
Paul George is a stud
Roy Hibbert is a monster
They will kill LeBron
George Hill is Point Guard
The Wings are Paul and Danny
Roy and West Down Low
Giant Jumbotron
Not overcompensating
For Miami loss
Last edited by rabid; 08-27-2012 at 09:11 PM.
do you love blue robe?
mister ian mahinmi does
he will keep our lead
A deviant mind -This quote is hidden because you are ignoring this member. Show Quote
a terrible thing to waste.
Haiku is garbage
Don't understand need for it
Why Japan, please why?
Structured poetry
Is bad for mental progress
Ok, please shoot me now
Augustin, Johnson,
Green, Mahinmi, and Plumlee
Welcome to Indy!
Bye Bye Larry Bird
Welcome back to Donnie Walsh
Some day Bird returns?
Doubters be aware
The Pacers are on the rise
They will top Boston
Summer continues
Always seems to feel too long
A month and change left


text:
En español | My husband, David, is an Episcopal minister, which means that between Christmas Eve and Day he's busy with five services and a pageant. Our family used to try to squeeze our celebration in on the same day as everyone else, but found it stressful and rushed. Over the years we've learned we're better off celebrating on Dec. 26 — what the English call Boxing Day. We start late morning with a big brunch, and continue through early evening with a festive dinner. It's a day we enjoy both eating and drinking, which is why I serve two holiday cocktails.
Subscribe to the AARP Health Newsletter
When I gave up calorie-packed eggnog long ago, I began making a lighter alternative called milk punch. At first whole milk — rather than heavy cream and eggs — served as the base for this festive and fun drink, which we dubbed the Adult Milkshake.
This year I've made it even lighter. At his last doctor visit, David's cholesterol was slightly elevated, and he's been trying to tamp it down with diet and exercise. With whole milk now out of the question, I've discovered that coconut and almond milks are often fine substitutes in our favorite dishes, and both make splendid milk punch.
Many of the nondairy milks are packaged aseptically and located in the grocery aisles, but more and more are turning up in the refrigerated dairy section. You can use any brand you like, but one of my new picks is Califia Farms almond milk, with flavors that include a delicious toasted-coconut. It has only 40 calories per cup with 3.5 grams of fat (no trans or saturated fats).
For me, drinking and eating go together, which is why I love to load up my Bloody Marys with fun garnishes. I've suggested some of the more obvious options, but you might also consider pickled okra, skewered cocktail onions, whole scallions, carrot sticks or bell pepper sticks. This recipe has just the right amount of spice for average tastes, but set out the condiment bottles — horseradish, vinegar, Worcestershire, hot red pepper sauce — so your crowd can adjust the drink to their tastes.
And if cocktails aren't your thing, you're still in luck. Zippy Bloody Marys and Coconut Milk Punch are just as tasty without the booze. Cheers!
Next page: Learn Pam's recipes for coconut milk punch and zippy Bloody Marys. »


text:
Test ID: F8A
Coagulation Factor VIII Activity Assay, Plasma
Useful For Suggests clinical disorders or settings where the test may be helpful
Diagnosing hemophilia A
Diagnosing von Willebrand disease when measured with the von Willebrand factor (VWF) antigen and VWF activity
Diagnosing acquired deficiency states
Investigation of prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time
Clinical Information Discusses physiology, pathophysiology, and general clinical aspects, as they relate to a laboratory test
Factor VIII is synthesized in the liver, and perhaps in other tissues. It is a coagulation cofactor which circulates bound to von Willebrand factor and is part of the intrinsic coagulation pathway. The biological half-life is 9 to 18 hours (average is 12 hours).
Congenital factor VIII decrease is the cause of hemophilia A which has an incidence of 1 in 10,000 and is inherited in a recessive sex-linked manner on the X chromosome. Severe deficiency (<1%) characteristically demonstrates as hemarthrosis, deep-tissue bleeding, excessive bleeding with trauma and ecchymoses.
Factor VIII may be decreased in von Willebrand disease. Acquired deficiency states also occur.
Antibodies specific for factor VIII are the most commonly occurring specific inhibitors of coagulation factors and can produce serious bleeding disorders (acquired hemophilia).
Factor VIII is highly susceptible to proteolytic inactivation, with the potential for spuriously decreased assay results.
Reference Values Describes reference intervals and additional information for interpretation of test results. May include intervals based on age and sex when appropriate. Intervals are Mayo-derived, unless otherwise designated. If an interpretive report is provided, the reference value field will state this.
Adults: 55-200%
Normal, full-term newborn infants or healthy premature infants usually have normal or elevated factor VIII.*
*See Pediatric Hemostasis References in Coagulation Studies in Special Instructions.
Interpretation Provides information to assist in interpretation of the test results
See Cautions.
Mild hemophilia A: 5% to 50%
Moderate hemophilia A: 1% to 5%
Severe hemophilia A: <1%
Congenital deficiency may also occur in combined association with factor V deficiency.
Liver disease usually causes an increase of factor VIII activity.
Acquired deficiencies of factor VIII have been associated with myeloproliferative or lymphoproliferative disorders (acquired von Willebrand disease; VWD), inhibitors of factor VIII (autoantibodies, post-partum conditions, etc.), and intravascular coagulation and fibrinolysis.
May be decreased with von Willebrand factor in VWD
Cautions Discusses conditions that may cause diagnostic confusion, including improper specimen collection and handling, inappropriate test selection, and interfering substances
Factor VIII is a labile protein. Improper handling of a specimen may give a false result.
Factor VIII is highly susceptible to proteolytic inactivation, with the potential for spuriously decreased assay results. Normal results can be regarded as reliable, but decreased result needs to be correlated with other clinical and laboratory information. Repeat testing may be necessary.
Factor VIII activity in frozen-thawed plasma specimens may be 10% to 20% lower than if assayed in fresh specimens, even under optimum conditions of processing and transportation, or maybe even lower if these conditions are suboptimal.
Factor VIII rises in response to a number of factors, including pregnancy, estrogen therapy, stress, disease, etc.
Not useful for inferring carrier status in suspected female carriers of hemophilia A, unless it is below 50% of normal.
Clinical Reference Provides recommendations for further in-depth reading of a clinical nature
1. Spreafico M, Peyvandi F: Combined FV and FVIII deficiency. Haemophilia 2008 Nov;14(6):1201-1208
2. Barrowcliffe TW, Raut S, Sands D, Hubbard AR: Coagulation and chromogenic assays of factor VIII activity: general aspects, standardization, and recommendations. Semin Thromb Hemost 2002 Jun;28(3):247-256
3. Franchini M, Lippi G, Favaloro EJ: Acquired inhibitors of coagulation factors: part II. Semin Thromb Hemost 2012 Jul;38(5):447-453
4. Carcao MD: The diagnosis and management of congenital hemophilia. Semin Thromb Hemost 2012 Oct;38(7):727-734


text:
Pirelli will take a closer look at Lewis Hamilton's rear-left tyre that was damaged during practice in Bahrain...
Pirelli will take a closer look at Lewis Hamilton's rear-left tyre that was damaged during practice in Bahrain.
The Mercedes driver suffered the failure shortly before the chequered flag was raised during FP3 on Saturday morning and it not only resulted in damage to his W04's suspension, but the team were also forced to change his gearbox.
Caterham's Giedo van der Garde also picked up a puncture at the same part of the track and Pirelli initially blamed metal debris for the problems.
However, motorsport director Paul Hembery admits there are question marks over Hamilton's tyre failure, but says Felipe Massa's two punctures during Sunday's race were caused by debris.
"The Hamilton tyre is something that we need to look at a lot more to understand as we are not really sure about how it happened," Hembery told Autosport.
"There is very little evidence there, other than overheating, about what it could be.
"The only thing we have is that van der Garde was following Lewis, and he picked up a huge cut through the top of the tyre at the same time.
"So that failure is a bit of a question mark, whereas the two from Massa were very straightforward."
Hembery also explained the procedure they will follow to get to the bottom of the problem.
"We will take all the pieces apart and do a full lab analysis," he said.
"That will either confirm our initial findings, or make us realise that we need to do something and have to implement some changes.
"There will be a full analysis. We treat every incident very seriously."


text:
Weatherizing Mobile Homes
While weatherizing between 400 and 500 mobile homes every year, The West Virginia Weatherization Assistance Program has gotten enough practice to practically perfect the art of transforming leaky, uncomfortable mobile homes into models of efficiency.
West Virginia, in the heart of the Appalachian Mountains, is often thought of as a state with a lower than average per-capita income, so it comes as a surprise to most people that it has one of the nation's highest rates of home ownership. One of the answers to this seeming paradox is that low-income West Virginians tend to own and live in mobile homes. Typically, over 40% of the homes weatherized by the West Virginia Weatherization Assistance program are mobile homes, a slightly higher percentage than that for single-family, site-built homes. We weatherize between 400 and 500 mobile homes each year in West Virginia, and usually fewer than 10 of these homes are rental units.
Mobile homes often use more energy per ft2 than sitebuilt homes. They often have very low insulation levels, particularly the older models. Many of the mobile homes found in West Virginia were manufactured in the South and are ill equipped for the cold mountain winters. Fortunately, most mobile homes are very similar to each other, which can make the establishment of efficiency measures and standards fairly consistent and straightforward.
Weatherization program managers have long realized that to have a costeffective program with significant energy savings,we had to evolve from our early practice of installing perimeter underpinning and wholesale window and door replacement to a more diagnostic whole-house approach to mobile home weatherization. I'd like to report that our approach has been based on scientific studies of possible measures and their energy savings. The truth is, we really just improved our practices by paying close attention to trends and advances made by leaders in the field throughout the country. Not without some growing pains,we tried to apply changing Weatherization program diagnostics, which were developed for use in site built homes and are a little better suited to them, to weatherizing a mobile home. Our evolution wasn't so much audit driven as audit justified. We let the engineers figure out the best thing to do;we focused on the best ways to do it.
Our approach to weatherizing mobile homes has five major components. They are
• cleaning, tuning up, repairing and occasionally replacing the heating system;
• repairing and sealing the ducts;
• insulating the roof cavity;
• insulating the floor; and
• air sealing the mobile home shell.
Heating Systems
The vast majority of mobile home heating systems in West Virginia are either electric furnaces or sealed-combustion natural gas or propane furnaces. These furnaces are generally centrally located in the hallway, in their own compartment, or in a closet. We also see some oil furnaces, an occasional heat pump,wood stoves—which are usually not UL listed for mobile homes—and the dread unvented kerosene heaters.
Usually, kerosene heaters are being used because the original heating system is inoperable or is too expensive to operate. We make every effort to repair, or if necessary replace, the original heating system to make it operable and affordable so that kerosene heaters do not have to be used. As part of our client education, we stress to the residents the potential health and safety problems associated with using kerosene heaters or any opencombustion heat source.We explain the potential moisture problems, the indoor air quality (IAQ) problems associated with incomplete combustion, and the fire hazards.We try to remove all kerosene heaters, or at least to have them stored in a place where they will be used only in an emergency, such as in a power outage.
Far too often,Weatherization heating system technicians encounter mobile home furnaces that have been neglected. The units rarely, if ever, receive routine seasonal maintenance.Often, air filters are dirty enough that they restrict air flow and drastically reduce the overall efficiency and performance of the system. All systems receive at least a tune-up and cleaning. A clean and tune involves a visual inspection that is often very revealing, testing procedures, and cleaning and adjusting to improve the safety and efficiency of the system.
The visual inspection includes checking the burners for dirt, debris, and misalignment; looking for soot or evidence of flame roll-out; and inspecting the heat exchanger and vent system. Steady-state efficiency testing and CO testing are done with a combustion analyzer. After cleaning and tuning the furnace to maximum efficiency,we test the pilot safety control and the high-limit switch. Filters are replaced, and additional filters are left with the client. Smoke and CO detectors are installed.
Duct Repair and Sealing
Making the heating unit safe and efficient, while important, is only part of making the entire heating system as efficient as possible. The condition of the delivery system will define the amount of useful heat that is actually delivered to the home. Most often, single-wide mobile homes have only a single main duct run booted into registers in a straight line under the center of the floor. If the floor joists run lengthwise in the home, the duct line runs in a joist cavity just under the floor. If the joists run perpendicular to the long walls of the home, the main duct line runs under the joists. The joints between the main duct line and boots to registers are usually fairly easy to access from inside the home at the registers. Other seams may be more difficult to access from underneath the mobile home. Usually mobile homes do not have ducted return systems; instead they take their return air from the home through a large vented grille in the furnace closet.
We test ducts both by visual inspection and with a blower door, a digital manometer, and a pressure pan. Visual inspections can be done, at least in part, from the inside of the home with inspection mirrors and flashlights. This procedure isn't difficult, but it does take a little practice for the technician to become proficient. Quite a few mobile homes have torn belly boards, and the ducts can also be accessed and inspected from underneath the home. This is especially useful for finding leaks that are farther away from the registers; it can be difficult to see these leaks using lights and mirrors from the register openings.
When technicians are inspecting the supply ducts for air leaks and blockages, the first place we instruct them to look is at the seams in the system. Branch ducts, if present, and crossover ducts in double-wide homes, often leak at their connection to the main duct. Other obvious leaks are at the connections of the duct to the boot and of the boot to the floor. All registers should be checked to see whether they are functioning properly and are unobstructed. Registers should be replaced when necessary. Missing, loose-fitting, or blocked ductwork should be repaired.
Carefully inspecting the end of the main duct line past the last registers is another critical task. We have had several cases where the duct line was left open to the underbelly cavity. To fix this problem, we seal and insulate at the end of duct runs with either two-part foam or a patch of fiberglass insulation outside a cap of sheet metal sealed to the main duct with mastic and fibered tape.
A much harder place to inspect and repair, but a critical location for leaks, is the connection between the furnace plenum and the main duct run. A leak that is that close to the furnace, where duct air pressure is greatest, can be an enormous waste of energy. It can also cause pressure imbalances and make it difficult for sufficient conditioned air to reach the far ends of the duct run. Unfortunately, the best way to access and repair the leak is usually by going underneath the mobile home and cutting through the underbelly and the duct bottom from below. You need to be very cautious when examining the connection, since there are several seams that may leak.
Get Out the Blower Door
To better assess the connection between the furnace and the main duct run, this area can be tested with a digital manometer and pressure pan in conjunction with a blower door. Here's how we conduct our pressure pan testing procedures.
Make sure there are holes or tears in the underbelly so that leaks in the ducts are to the outside and are therefore detectable. Generally, there are enough tears to get accurate tests but, if necessary, slits can be cut in the underbelly close to the main ductwork.
Install the blower door and set the house to winter conditions. All windows should be closed tightly, inside storm panels (if any) installed, and exterior doors closed. Open all interior doors.
Make sure the furnace is off and no exhaust fans are running. Remove the furnace filter and remove all floor registers.
With the blower door running and the house depressurized to 50 Pa, begin pressure pan testing at each register. We recommend always beginning the testing process at the register that is at the end of the duct run, farthest from the furnace.
Place the pressure pan completely over the register opening to form a tight seal. Allow enough time for the reading on the digital manometer to stabilize; record the reading.The reading gives an indication of the severity of duct leakage to the unconditioned area under the home. If ducts are perfectly sealed with no leakage to the unconditioned space, the reading will be zero. The higher the pressure pan reading, the more connected the duct is to the outside.
The goal is for all readings to be 1 Pa or less. If all readings are under 2 Pa, no additional sealing is required unless leaks can be easily detected and sealed, such as at a boot. A reading greater than 4 Pa indicates a breach in the duct system that needs further inspection and treatment.
We test the area where the furnace plenum connects to the main duct line by isolating this area. We seal off the duct run at the closest registers on either side of the furnace by stuffing loose-fill insulation in a trash bag to make a pillow that will conform to the size and shape of the duct. On the testing side, seal the duct run with the pillow on the far side of the register, right next to the register. On the nontesting side, seal the duct run on the furnace side of the register, stuffing the pillow as far as you can reasonably reach from the register toward the furnace. The idea is to have as small a duct run as possible around the furnace. Take a pressure pan reading. A reading of 4 Pa or more indicates that further inspection and repairs of the duct connection need to be made.
Getting to Sealing
Before you start to seal the ductwork, it should be vacuumed and cleaned. If necessary, use hot soapy water to clean the area. It may even be necessary to use a cleaning solvent, such as a paint thinner or denatured alcohol, to get rid of any greasy buildup in the system and to help ensure that the duct sealing material will adhere properly and last a long time.
Seal all holes and leaks. Mastic and embedded fibered tape must be used to seal any duct leaks from the living space. Two-part foam can be used to seal leaks beneath the home. The following joints should be inspected and sealed when necessary:
• joints between the furnace and supply and return ducts;
• joints between main and branch ducts; and
• joints between registers and the floor,wall, or ceiling to which they are attached.
When there is no ducted cold-air return system—which is nearly always— the interior doors must be undercut at least 2 inches from the floor, and the furnace closet door must be ventilated with no less than 1 ft2 of free air space, which typically means a grille of at last 2 ft2. If the joist cavity of an older mobile home serves as the cold-air return system, seal off the system from the living space and treat it as described above.
Roof Cavity Insulation
Adding more insulation to the roof of a mobile home is one of the most obvious—and most cost-effective—ways to increase the energy efficiency and extend the life of the home. Many of the homes we work on, especially models that were manufactured in the South before 1976,may have only 1 inch of insulation in the roof cavity.When we add insulation,we use blown fiberglass instead of cellulose, since blown fiberglass is less likely to absorb moisture. It is also less likely to react with the metal roofs of trailers than is cellulose that is treated with certain chemicals.
There are three basic types of mobile home roof construction: pitched roof, flat roof, and bowstring (see Figure 1). The flat roof has the least insulation, but since the ceiling and roof are usually separated by 2 x 6 framing, a flat roof will not have a large enough cavity to add a substantial amount of insulation. A bowstring roof can be 8 inches high at the center and will usually have a larger cavity to hold additional insulation. Pitched roofs can have as much as 2 ft of space between the ceiling and the roof. In West Virginia, many mobile homes have bowstring roof construction. In this type of construction, the roof edge is usually attached with screws or staples to the top edge of the walls and not to the trusses. No matter what the roof construction, before you begin to install any insulation, you must inspect the roof to see if any repairs need to be made; Insulation loses thermal resistance and can cause other problems if it becomes wet.
Insulating mobile home roofs can be more difficult than insulating the roof of a site-built house because it is so difficult to see what is between the roof and the ceiling. One way to inspect this cavity is to drill a 3- or 4-inch inspection hole in the ceiling of a closet or pantry, as near to the center of the trailer as possible. Through this hole, you can inspect the existing insulation and see if there is room in the cavity to add more.
There are several accepted ways to insulate the roofs of mobile homes. Since we mostly encounter bowstring construction,we generally insulate roofs using what is called the edge lift method.To add insulation using this method, remove the screws from the jrail along the side of the mobile home you are going to work from. This can be done from the roof, or using a ladder or scaffolding from the side, whichever is easier. After removing the old gutter, unscrew the roof edge and loosen the gable end so that you will be able to lift the roof. Next, remove the staples along the edge of the roof. Make sure you clean off the old caulk as best you can, so that when you replace the edge and caulk it back down, the new caulk will have a clean surface to adhere to. Lift about 8–10 ft of the edge about 4–6 inches and insert a wooden wedge block made out of either a 2 x 4 or 2 x 6 to prop the roof cavity open. At this point, you can get a better picture of the existing insulation in the cavity.
With the roof propped up, slide a 10- 14 foot rigid tube with a 2-inch diameter through the truss space to the other side of the trailer. Use plastic electric conduit, since conventional PVC pipe used for plumbing can build up static electricity and shock the workers.With the tube as close as possible to the edge of the trailer on the other side, blow fiberglass insulation into the cavity, pulling the tube toward you as you hear and feel resistance with the flow tube. Remember: You are not dense-packing the cavity and you don't want to fill it so much that you can't get the roof back down. (Most people learn this the hard way.) Work your way along the length of the trailer,filling each truss cavity. Set the insulation machine on high but as you get within 3 ft of the edge, cut the air back to prevent blowback and to keep the fiberglass from blowing in your face.Workers should wear either half- or full-face respirators, not just dust masks. Seal the roof edge back down, using putty tape, caulk, and screws. Make sure you seal the back of the new gutter with caulk. Extend the new gutter 4-6 inches out from the gable ends to help keep rain away from the bottom of the mobile home.
Floor Insulation
The floor is one of the major structural parts of a mobile home. Repairing, air sealing, and adding insulation to the floor cavity will extend the life of the mobile home and increase energy savings.
As with roof construction, there are different types of floor construction in mobile homes. Floor joists may be parallel (lengthwise) or perpendicular (crosswise). In parallel construction, the joists run lengthwise in the trailer and the main heating duct is flat against the floor between the joists. Any existing insulation and belly board material is attached flat to the bottom of the joists. In perpendicular construction, the joists run across the width of the trailer and the underbelly sags in the center since the insulation and belly board are attached only at the perimeter. The main heating duct is enclosed within the insulation.
There are several ways to insulate the area under the floor.The type of construction, and whether or not the underbelly is accessible from underneath, will determine which method is best. In West Virginia,we mostly insulate the floor from the crawlspace underneath the mobile home using blown-in fiberglass insulation.
Preparation is important. Before you begin installing insulation, inspect the floor and the belly board underneath. Make any necessary repairs. A ground vapor barrier of at least 6-mil black plastic should be installed under the mobile home.This will not only help to prevent ground moisture from contacting the structure, but it will also make it easier for the workers to lie on the ground and move around. Before insulating, you should also inspect and repair any ductwork, so that insulation does not fill the runs. Note where the water lines are located, and check to see whether there are any leaks.
For both types of floor construction, start at one end and cut a row of access holes in the belly board so that you can insert the blower hose into the joist cavities. If the floor joists run crosswise, cut your holes near the center of the trailer. Usually you will be able to snake the flexible hose to each of the long edges of the home from holes along the center. If the floor joists run lengthwise, cut a row of holes into each joist cavity across the belly. With either construction, fill the cavity from one direction and then from the other. Make sure to fill the entire cavity without leaving any voids. Again: You are not dense-packing the cavity; fill it only until you feel resistance with the flow tube.
Once the cavities are filled, you must repair all of the holes that you cut, to form a continuous underbelly. Cut a patch of belly board material that is slightly larger than the hole; spray an adhesive on; and stitch staple the patch, using a stitch stapler. (The staples are installed about 1 inch apart, and appear to be stitched together, hence the name.)
Air Sealing the Mobile Home Shell
Air sealing a mobile home is more straightforward than air sealing a sitebuilt house, because we are usually dealing with a simple rectangular box, with four walls, a ceiling, and a floor. Defining the air and thermal boundary is relatively simple.We always use a blower door to identify and seal air leaks, and we have set our air sealing target at 1,500 CFM50. This minimum airtightness standard increases some if there are unvented space heaters that will not be removed, or if there are many people and/or smokers in the home. Likewise,we may tighten a home to below 1500 CFM50 if it is allelectric, has a floor area of less than 720 ft2, and shows no sign of IAQ problems.
We know that certain locations are notorious for leaking air. It may come as a surprise to some that doors and windows are not among them— although many doors and windows do need to be repaired or replaced.The notorious areas include
• the duct system;
• a torn underbelly;
• the interior wall that frames a water heater closet that can be accessed through an exterior door;
• the plumbing under the bathtub, sinks, and especially behind the washing machine;
• electric service panel boxes;
• the areas around electrical receptacles, light fixtures, exhaust fans, room air conditioners, and flues; and
• damaged doors and windows, and all jalousie windows.
Initial blower door tests vary greatly. Occasionally a mobile home is already under our 1,500 CFM50 target.We will still check for large leaks in the shell, although probably none exist, seal any duct leaks, and make sure that there are no significant air leaks into the roof cavity or in the floor.
We go through the same steps when we air seal a leakier mobile home: address large shell leaks, duct leaks, and significant air leaks into the roof cavity or in the floor. We repair tears in the underbelly after duct sealing is completed. Then we normally insulate the ceiling and floor. Although neither area is dense-packed, the CFM rates are usually lower after these steps are completed. Then we do another blower door test and additional air sealing if we detect any leaks that are still cost-effective to seal.
The Final Roundup
Water heater tanks are routinely set to 120º F, or the medium setting, and insulated with a water heater insulation blanket with a minimum of R-5. All exposed hot water lines and the first 3 ft of cold water lines from the water heater are insulated. Low-flow showerheads are installed if the water flow exceeds 3 gallons per minute. One way to measure the flow is to mark the inside of a 5-gallon joint compound bucket in 1-gallon increments, run the shower into the bucket for a minute, and determine the flow.
The West Virginia WAP has recently started to perform electric baseload measures. Compact fluorescent bulbs can be used to replace any incandescent bulb that is on at least two hours per day. Refrigerators can be replaced with energy-efficient models if the replacement can be shown to have a savings-to-investment ratio (SIR) greater than 1. Old models can be metered. Or the manufacturer and model number can be entered into the database built into the Manufactured Home Energy Audit (MHEA) component of the Weatherization Assistant software to determine the SIR of a potential replacement (see "MHEA Comes of Age,"HE Jan/Feb '04, p. 6). The West Virginia Weatherization program has established a bulk order purchase agreement with Whirlpool Corporation for refrigerator replacements.The arrangement includes delivery, setup, and proper removal and disposal of the old unit.
We are beginning to look into the feasibility of adding insulation to the sidewalls of mobile homes. Common sense and trial runs of the MHEA software program suggest that significant savings can be achieved on mobile homes with wall insulation insufficient for the size of the cavity, particularly on homes manufactured before 1976. One of our more progressive agencies has been loosening the siding and stuffing fiberglass batts into the stud cavities.This is a pretty labor-intensive technique.We need to determine if and when it will save enough energy to be cost-effective. We plan to use the recently updated and revised MHEA to analyze this issue.
In conclusion,we believe that a complete and effective weatherization job can be done on mobile homes if the crew is knowledgeable about the construction of the home and knows where energy waste is most likely to occur; and if the crew is willing to undertake the sometimes laborintensive measures that are required. With appropriate renovation, older mobile homes can be even more energy efficient than newer models, and can provide many more years of affordable housing for our low-income customers.
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The annual Balloon Days Festival here in Creston is the weekend of Sept. 20-22. There looks to be around 50 balloons scheduled to fly for the event. It looks like the majority of the balloons are planning on the Friday night flight this year.
The long-range forecast looks like we might be in for some nice weather for the weekend. We'll keep our fingers crossed that the winds stay calm that weekend. The big parade is Saturday the 21st at 10:30 a.m. The balloon race is Saturday morning starting at 6:30 a.m. It'll be a fun weekend.
This weekend is the annual Iowa-Iowa State football game. The game is in Ames this year. My guess for this year's winner is Iowa State and that is only because of home-field advantage. The other big game this weekend is the Texas A&M/Alabama game. Last year A&M upset the Crimson Tide. I don't think they can do it two years in a row. The NFL has a full slate of games this weekend and I'm sure most of the fantasy-football players will be watching!
Flu shots
I see flu shots are being advertised in the newspaper. The shot has seemed to help me out keeping the "bug away." You just never know any more if it is going to be a good year or a bad year for the flu bug. So it is best to just get the shot and be prepared. It seems there is a lot of "stuff'" going around nowadays so be smart and get the shot.
Customer appreciation
The Creston News Advertiser will have its customer appreciation day on Friday, Sept. 27. More details about the day will be forth coming, but the lunch is usually worth coming to.
The Creston News Advertiser will be hosting a Scrapbooking "session" the weekend of Jan. 18 and 19. The event will be at Supertel here in Creston. More information will be coming soon.
Poor yard
I can't believe the cracks in the ground. It's what you call "Feast to Famine weather." We had one of the wettest springs ever and then we end up having one of the driest summers ever. Some of the cracks in the lawn have to be more than an inch wide and who knows how deep. We're going to need a lot of rain this fall to catch back up to normal precipitation.
Pond upgrade
The pond near Greater Regional Hospice Home here in Creston is getting dug out. The silt has filled in a majority of the pond. After getting dug out it should be deeper and hopefully will not fill back in.
Can you say what a mess! The new health care law that is rolling out (or should I say trying to roll out) sure is a big mess for anyone trying to figure out what to do. Plus, the new taxes associated with the law are going to be a big surprise to a lot of people, including our company.
Our company received a notice that our share of the new health care reform taxes and fees will be more than $125,000, this is up and above the premium. This includes several of our sister papers, but the cost of health care is going to be a big cost increase for most everyone before it is done. If they want to do "Obamacare" they need to stop and take a couple of years to figure it out before the government screws it up for all of us! It's going to take years and lots of money to undo all the problems that are coming out with this fly-by-night program.
Thought for the day: "The best way to enhance freedom in other lands is to demonstrate here that our democratic system is worthy of emulation." — Jimmy Carter, 1977


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Maria Hoefl-Riesch used all her experience to successfully defend the Olympics Super Combined Gold medal she also won in Vancouver in 2010. Taking Silver was Niki Hosp with Julia Mancuso taking the bronze after having had the silver in Vancouver.
Mancuso had produced a stunning downhill section of the race to take the lead before the Slalom. Like Matthias Mayer in the Men's downhill, being relaxed was key for Mancuso in the downhill section. Starting 22, last of the top seeds, Mancuso explained why her downhill had been so good: "I was just full of energy when I kicked out of the start, and the snow felt a little bit softer, so it was easier to really drive in to my ski," said Mancuso. "Yeah, having a day off, I felt really energized today. First race of the Olympics — I was excited and just really focused on being aerodynamic and going for it."
The result was a lead of 0.47 over Lara Gut with Tina Maze in second and then came Anna Fenninger and Maria Hoefl-Riesch.
Maria Hoefl-Riesch was chasing the time set by Niki Hosp in the finish. With the two racers starting between her and Hosp having skied out, Hoefl-Riesch put in a solid top and then a blinding lower section yet admitted when she crossed the line that she "was just hoping for a green light after I finished because I knew the last starters weren't very good at slalom except for Tina Maze."
It was green.
This left Maze, then Gut and finally Mancuso to race for the medals. Maze could not match the speed generated by Hoefl-Riesch on the lower section and slid down to third. Gut crashed out and then it was the small matter of a head to head match off.
"(In the slalom start), I was just thinking, stay calm and use my heart, and I skied my heart out," said Mancuso. "That was really tough, it was a really, really difficult slalom run, so gave it my best shot. It sure didn't feel good. I definitely had moments in my mind where I was thinking, 'This is not going to be good enough.' But kept fighting and I knew where to let it run on that last pitch and, surprise, looked up and got a medal."
The joy on her face said it all as she took her fourth Olympic Medal and Hoefl-Riesch took Gold.
Olympic Champion: Maria Hoefl-Riesch (GER)
Silver Medal: Niki Hosp (AUT)
Bronze Medal: Julia Mancuso (USA)
8. Anna Fenninger (AUT)


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Gallery: Toyota Officially Announces It Will Build An Electric Vehicle ...
Last month, Toyota shocked us with a triple whammy of an announcement: an investment of $50 million in Tesla Motors, an information-sharing partnership with the startup automaker, and a plan for Tesla to purchase the recently shuttered NUMMI (New United Motor Manufacturing) GM/Toyota plant in Fremont, California. However Toyota wouldn't confirm that it was working with Tesla on an actual vehicle — until now. Toyota has officially announced the two are collaborating on a prototype EV — and it will be ready later this year.
So far, Toyota and Tesla are remaining mum on the details. We do know, however, that the prototype will contain Tesla's lithium-ion battery system along with a body based on a current Toyota model. Tesla Prius, anyone? Or maybe a Tesla Camry? Stay tuned — we'll update with more information as we get it. In the meantime, watch out for developments with the Tesla Model S, scheduled to go on sale in 2012.
+ Read More about Toyota and Tesla's Partnership at Inhabitat
4 Comments
August 5, 2010 at 6:54 am
I've been favorable to an electric car since it appeared feasible a few years ago.
However it remains a matter of geography whether the government of the day
Accepts the idea or not.
Here in Australia, for example successive governments are addicted to enormous revenue deriving from petrol taxes giving the introduction of EV cars a cold reception.
Today 5/aug/10 two channels announced the introduction of a small EV car that it would be on sale by the end of the year at the enormous cost of A$. 60.000 As one channel puts it and A$.80.000 another announced, and only governments Departments
Would be interested at the moment.
A couple of years ago, I think it was Honda that sent a few EV cars to be tested, only to be unceremoniously crouched as unsuitable for this country.
July 14, 2010 at 11:16 am
[…] how Toyota announced last month that it plans to build an electric vehicle with Tesla? It looks like things are moving […]
June 17, 2010 at 4:22 pm
[…] and European electric cars have nothing on an EV currently in the works in Oman. Built by local company Noor Majan, the […]
June 14, 2010 at 9:43 pm
Hey which Tesla model is the one in the last photo (gray 4-door)? Looks a little different than the Model S, but I like it!


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Starting to get to work on my Valentine's project for my nieces, and have a question.
All of my movies are 30 fps, so I really don't want to include every frame. Therefore, I use the 'Custom' frame numbers to only print a subset of the total frames. When I do a preview, it only shows one "composite" page, rather than an actual page. Therefore, I have no idea if I am cutting out too many frames or leaving too many in. Is there a way to preview a sheet will all the cards? I guess I could PDF a run, but that's rather time consuming. Thanks!


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V8 Supercar driver Alex Davison is concerned that the category's unique qualifying system for this weekend's Albert Park 400 at the 2011 Formula 1 Qantas Australian Grand Prix will be too confusing for the fans.
Following this evening's qualifying session, the fastest driver will select a random number between eight and 20 out of a hat. The number chosen will determine how much of the top of the grid will be inverted before tomorrow's Top 10 Shootout.
So, should the fastest driver draw the number 11 for example, the top 11 drivers will be inverted, and he will miss out on a spot in the Shootout.
But the new system hasn't been met with universal praise, with Davison unsure of whether the complicated format is necessary.
"It's hard enough for us drivers to understand – I'm not a fan of the new format," he said.
"I really don't think it's necessary. V8 Supercar racing is exciting enough as it is without having to introduce novelties and gimmicks, and I don't think it will improve the spectacle.
"There's no lack of overtaking in our category – actually it's one of the few in the world where the racing is always close. Sure, it will be good to watch a guy who qualifies on pole start from 15th – but not the bloke who starts on pole, but should be back in 15th."
Ironically, Davison was fastest in this morning's first practice session. A second practice will be held at 4:10pm, before qualifying at 6:30pm.


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Gallery: Elithis Tower: The World's First Energy Positive Office Buildi...
The tower, which was originally a theoretical challenge initiated by Thierry Bievre, General Director of Elithis Engineering, is made of wood and recycled insulation. Elithis Tower also houses 330 rooftop solar panels and a solar shield to remove excess heat while allowing natural light to filter in. At the same time, emissions from the office are recovered and reused within the Tower.
Elithis Engineering doesn't want its energy efficiency feat to go unnoticed by workers in the building, so the company designed a public sign that shows off daily energy consumption, courtesy of 1,600 energy and emissions-analyzing sensors. Perhaps best of all, the 54,000 square foot, 10 story building was relatively cheap to construct, costing just $10 million. With a price comparable to that of a traditionally-built structure, Elithis Tower is leading the way in affordable green building.
8 Comments
August 29, 2014 at 11:41 pm
[…] Positive Energy. This office building is the first to produce more energy than it uses. […]
December 1, 2009 at 4:06 am
can i know of what materials the solar shield is made..?
October 15, 2009 at 4:01 am
What is the LEED or BREEAM score of this buildiing, being energy postitive?
October 7, 2009 at 9:00 am
Now they need to get their "green display" on the web. Keeping it locked up in the lobby of the building makes no sense.
October 7, 2009 at 2:33 am
How do the carbon emissions from the building rate, either in relation to buildings of similar size built recently or in absolute terms? That question is probably too vague, but I'm sure any answer will at least make me think!
What is the major use of wood in the building? Is wood used only for the south-facing shield-facade?


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|Sammanställning av 8 recensioner :
|Rum :
|Facilteter :
|Service :
|Plats :
|Hotel room status:
|Sitting on Sukhumvit Road, I Galleria Sukhumvit 13 is one of
our chicest and hippest boutique hotels. With its perfect location in
the heart of the city, the hotel offers convenient access to many Bangkok
attractions, Terminal 21 shopping mall, dining areas and entertainment
districts. Getting around is easy with 2-minute walk to Nana BTS station.
Alternatively, Asok BTS station and Sukhumvit MRT subway stations is
just five minutes' walk away. The express way and Queen Sirikit National
Convention Center are also in close proximity.
|Deluxe Room (26 Sq.m.)
This room is ideal for business or leisure travellers. For guests' utmost comfort, the room offers a wide range of modern in-room conveniences from coffee and tea making facility, flat-screen TV with cable channels and free Wi-Fi internet access.
Studio Room (29 Sq.m.)
Studio Room offers expansive comfort, warm ambience, and comes with all your desired conveniences, making it a perfect choice for travellers looking to spend their best night in Bangkok. To compliment this fully-equipped room, Wi-Fi internet access is also provided for guests to enjoy.
Grand Deluxe Room
2 twin beds complimentary mini-bar replenished daily
Wine Bar & Dine
Enjoy yourself with pleasant Thai and international cuisine all day long at our signature restaurant. At the end of the day, chill out with your favorite drink at the bar on the hotel rooftop where you can indulge yourself to the scenic view of Sukhumvit road.
Located on the 7th floor, this stylish restaurant offers wide selection of international favorites, as well as some of the most famous Thai dishes. The upper floor is a chic and hip chill-out rooftop bar, offering a rustic charm with a scenic view of Sukhumvit road and an extensive tempting menu of cocktails, tapas, snacks, coffee and tea.
Operating hours Daily: 06:30 – 22:00 hrs.
|Wine Bar
|Alive Bar
|Take full advantage of various recreation opportunities
such as a rooftop swimming pool or other facilities including internet
corner and complimentary Wi-Fi internet access available throughout
the hotel.
|From the hotel to Suvarnabhumi International Airport it is 28 kilometers
and takes approximately 40 minutes via the elevated expressway nearby.
Located on Sukhumvit 13 in the heart of the Sukhumvit business, dining and entertainment district, the hotel it is also close to the Asok Skytrain and Sukhumvit MRT subway stations which offer convenient access to the areas of the city. Queen Sirikit National Convention Center and the expressway are in close proximity.
It also is a short walking distance (half a kilometer) from NaNa Skytrain (BTS). The hotel is accessible by public bus, taxi, trains, BTS, TukTuk and hotel limousine.


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I just wanted to pass on this information about a great School!
After moving to Idaho from California(retired) found a great school at the College of Western Idaho in Nampa ID.
It is a brand new facility with state of the art equipment. All stations have Dynasty 200 machines, along with Xmt 350 machines. They have a pipe works 400, and some Lincoln 350 machines.
They have a two year program, a 16 month program, and the course I'm taking an 8 week course that will focus on either Stick, Mig, Flux Core, or Stick. I will most likely take at least the Stick, Tig,and Mig. This 8 week course is $450.
During the two year course the first year is spent on welding, and the second year is spent on fabricating.
The fabrication shop is awesome. It includes a 1/2 inch shear, Ellis bandsaws, Baileigh notcher and benders, an Eagle CP-40 Roll Bender, Hypertherm 130 Plasma with a huge Plasma table with CAD, Lathes, mills, and just about every piece of fabrication equipment you could want.
I have not seen a school so well equipped before in my life!
The instructors seem well educated after the little time I observed them dealing with students.
I am registering for the class starting in January, I will update once I have the hands on in the class, but this far I am very impressed and if you are looking for an affordable class that also offers AWS certification, I would check out the College of Western Idaho.
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Thread: Welding School in Idaho
11-12-2012, 06:58 PM #1Junior Member
- Join Date
- Jan 2012
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Welding School in Idaho


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Top Definition
Lana is just too good for words. It is normal that she'd get complimented by a million boys in a day because the boys are just telling the truth. She is the most caring, the sweetest, and an extremely loving person that people's dream is to be so close with. You would wish that you were to fall in love with her cause you would know that she would be the only one that'd treat you even better than perfect. I know for a fact that she'd understand everything and be there whenever you need her. Basically, she is that well-known, really attractive, girl that has the ability to make every boy nervous by just even being around them. It was a pleasure for me to meet Lana. If you don't know her yet, don't worry because she is easily noticed, being the prettiest girl in the crowd. I love you Lana so much, its funny because you have no idea how much <3
"What is the greatest thing that happened to you throughout your whole life?"
"I met Lana <3"
"I met Lana <3"
von Hammie01 9. Juni 2014
sweet, melodious, soft voice, sensuous, caring, sultry, loyal friend and protective mother, smoldering hottie under the angelic appearance, a lady in every way, intelligent, educated and a fine specimen of womanhood who is peace loving and will work to make things right in the world, a true lover of all people who also makes a good teacher, nurse or healer. She is a born leader but humble about it, and will always encourage you to do your best. She has high standards and loves her men to be intelligent, kind, responsible and healthy. Once you have her heart, she will do anything for you. Once you betray her, she will forgive you but never trust you again. She is a good hearted woman, but not a fool.
von Love and Mercy 2. Februar 2010
A stunning girl with a great personality. She has a great body and she never gives up. When she walks into a room, the whole room focuses on her. She is the life of the party. When she laughs, people want to be friends with her. When she talks, her voice lures people in. Guys want to be with her, and she is slow to love. She doesn't like to move fast, and she takes her time. She has a great heart and she's beautiful. All guys think she's sexy.
Damn! Have you seen that new girl in class?
Yeah! She must be Lana.
God, I wish I was her boyfriend...
Yeah! She must be Lana.
God, I wish I was her boyfriend...
von bieberlover101 23. April 2013
Attractive, intelligent, generous, outgoing, and elegant.
Before you know it, you will feel captivated by her smile and charm.
She's the life of the party, but watch out, she can be a really feisty one at times.
Before you know it, you will feel captivated by her smile and charm.
She's the life of the party, but watch out, she can be a really feisty one at times.
Oh man, where are the Lana's of this world.
Give me a Lana!!! I want a Lana!!!
Give me a Lana!!! I want a Lana!!!
von vampx 3. Februar 2010
lana is cool,, i just wanted to add one
and i think that any person called lana
hates being called anal so dont
and i think that any person called lana
hates being called anal so dont
yeah lana is cool lol
von lanalilian 8. September 2008
beauty incarnate , one who when walks into a room somehow doves fly out from behind her, a total hot babe who has a jesse
dude that Lana is fine i wish i had a Lana
von vicious_panda 5. Januar 2009
Lana is so hot, she melts asphalt when she walks down the street. She heats her coffee up by looking soulfully at it. If you know a Lana, you are indeed lucky. Pfizer would go broke if men could carry a picture of Lana. Britney Spears wishes she could look like Lana. Has turned more women lesbian just by walking by them.
"Dude! Check out the babe over there!! She's totally Lana!"
von WordMasterBling 3. Februar 2010