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- Lior Zoref
- Ramat Gan
- Israel
Crowdsourcing advocate, @liorz
This conversation is closed.
How can we make a behavioral change among medical personnel so that they'll wash hands before examining each patient? It can save many lives
Here's a question that might help save many lives.
Hospital-acquired infections are causing 100,000 deaths each year in the US and many more around the world. This is one of the biggest challenges in hospitals today.
Much of the 'blame' rests on the hospital staff, since these infections are transmitted far more often when hospital personnel fail to regularly wash hands and practice proper hygiene.
Hand washing is the single most important measure for reducing the risks of transmitting infections. Yet the harsh reality is that too many physicians and nurses, including those in the most advanced leading medical centers, do not bother to wash hands regularly although an antiseptic gel is accessible near every patient's bedside.
Many hospitals tried to take disciplinary enforcement measures but it doesn't seem to help. There's also a solution based on electronic systems (with RFID tags) but it's too expensive and complicated to implement broadly.
I'm working with Prof Gabi Barbash, CEO of Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, in order to try and find a creative idea that might solve this problem.
Try to think of an idea that can make a behavioral change among the medical personnel so that they will all wash their hands before and after examining a patients.
Maybe together we'll find an idea worth spreading to stop infections from spreading…
Nov 24 2013: Hi Bart,
Current research shows that most infections are transmitted by the medical personnel. Antiseptic gel or spray is widely available near every patient's bed but still hospital personnel fail to regularly wash hands before each patient.
bart hsi
Nov 24 2013: Let me raise some other questions about hospital acquired infections (nosocomial infections).
- 0
1. The infection could be spread from the patient to other people than the attending physician, such as nurses, food handler, visitors or even the patient himself if he can walk around in the corridor or the common area.
2. There could be some airborne bacterial or viral agents.
3. In the U. S. I believe that lot of physicians use surgical gloves to touch the patient, then there are less need to wash hand. On the other hand, physicians frequently use portable computers to retrieve patient data or enter new data, so if that is the case, s/he has to wash multiple times to observe a single patient to avoid the contacting infective agents through the computer keyboard.
4. Many clinics have antibacterial spray or pumps available in patient visit rooms, but I am not sure the health care staff use them that often.Nov 22 2013: I find it interesting we are still discussing this topic after over 100 years after Pasteur and Lister argued for medical personal to wash their hands.Nov 20 2013: zior, one bad thing about washing your hands is the lye in the soap strips the oil out of them. I would like to wash my hands more often, but I don't do it for this reason, my hands feel dry
Nov 20 2013: Interesting point. We'll check that with the medical staff to see how they relate to this point.
Nov 20 2013: some people will say to rub oil into your hands after each handwashing. I have never trusted this as the external oil does not seem as organic and healthy as the natural oil produced by your body, present everywhere including one's hands. For me this would not be a solution.
I do try to keep my bathroom clean which is something I can do without stripping hand oil.
One thing I hate about a public men's bathroom is how noisy most guys are. For instance, when they close the door to the stall, they bang the door shut. If they have to put the lid down on the toilet, they tip it a few inches and then let go, so it crashes down. Are men in Israel the same way?
Nov 20 2013: I'm not sure about noisy people are at the men's bathroom but generally speaking, I think we're a bit more noisy then other nations :)Nov 21 2013: your nation is a bit more noisy in what way, Lior? I'm talking about people handling something too roughly that isn't even theirs, in my mind continuing small acts of vandalism.
I always say treat other people's property as if it is your own.
Have you inquired about whether people avoid handwashing so as to not chap their hands? Let us know the results.Nov 20 2013: Additional remark:
Antibacterial properties of metals does not cause immunization of germs, as its working principle directly attacks their enzyme transport and cell membranes, which, so far, are not known to be able to adapt to it.Nov 20 2013: Idea #2: Make hands less receptive to bacteria
Certain metals, such as Copper and Silver are known to have antibacterial properties.
Also known are so called 'invisible gloves', which are actually noting more than a certain type of hand cream, which is composed in a way to fill in the micro-structure of our hands, so that dirt won't get down to it and to stick easily. I used this invisible gloves myself, especially while working with soot and/or oily substances, and the result are dirty hands which are way more easy to clean than without the use of this hand cream before.
The idea now is to combine both - the antibacterial properties of silver in form of nano particles with a similar hand cream to fill in the micro-structure of our hands to form a longer lasting and also active as well as constantly spreading disinfection barrier.
The first positive effect this 'invisible disinfection glove' will have is to reduce the surface area of the skin of hands, by filling all the micro structures and pores with antibacterial silver particles enriched cream, so that bacteria won't be able to settle 'down there' and those who manage to get there won't survive long due to the silver.
Secondly, the remaining surface of the hand will mainly be antiseptic, again by the silver particles, which persistently settle within the micro-structures and also constantly smear across it.
Thirdly, and positively, the 'invisible disinfection glove' constantly wears off and this as well at exactly those objects, which are known as general 'germ hubs', such as door handles, water tap valves and toilet brushes and will therefore constantly ensure collateral disinfection throughout the day by all medical personnel.
Yet careful, this idea is just an idea and has not been dermatological tested yet. Also important is the nano particle factor here, as this technology is still new and still on 'the hype', which, at times makes, researchers less careful regarding side effects at daily use.
Nov 20 2013: Lejan,
This sounds as a great idea for a startup ! I wish one day we'll have such an amazing technology.
LiorNov 20 2013: What about a small bracelet (or finger ring) which each medical person has to wear while at work. Within this bracelet (ring) is some simple electronics, which sets of a signal tone which can only be stopped by placing a water droplet on a special evaporation pad within this bracelet (ring).
While the pad is moist, it conducts a gate current to the electronics, which in return holds back the signal tone to that point, when the pad moisture drops below a critical conductivity by natural evaporation. Once the pad is to 'dry', the signal kicks in and reminds the medical person to 'wash hands' and to refill the bracelet pad with a new drop of water.
This way there is a constant need to return to a sink to bridge our given human forgetfulness, and, once there, to also wash hands.
Given the fact, that most hospitals run under almost constant climate conditions throughout the year (more or less), the evaporation rate of water would be almost the same. But if necessary, the critical conductivity could be made adjustable to control the 'time in between signals' to a given medical environment, hygiene criticalness or simply the regular seasons.
The use of saliva to 'refill' the pad has to be strictly prohibited and violations prosecuted, as otherwise the whole concept can and will be bypassed by some. And as the evaporation pad itself has to be replaced from time to time out of hygiene reasons, there might be some random tests conducted on them to trace for certain bacteria which only come in saliva yet not in usual drinking water (if there are any bacteria of this sort, which I assume yet simply don't know). Given the fact, that this evaporation pad will sooner or later get in contact with disinfection fluid as well, these tests probably won't run on usual cultivation methods for detection, as, if not by total dryness alone, no bacteria would likely survive then. But maybe other methods are thinkable to check for 'illegal spitters' which detects death bacteria as well.
Nov 20 2013: Hi Lejan,
Very innovative idea. But the fact is that any solution which is technology oriented will be expensive to roll out on a large scale. This is why we need to think about an idea that can change behavior without expensive technology.
Nov 20 2013: In other words, the budget is low - if any - yet the goals, expectations and spirits are high ...
Then, I am afraid, there is no solution at all, because the 'knowledge' about how to do things right in medical hygiene is already there and no better argument than 'not to kill your patients' can be given to a professional healer.
And as signs and notes are not working either - even if they were numerous, in signal colors or large in size, not to mention, that they come with a price too, the only remaining option I could think of is to actually ask the medical personnel themselves why they are not doing what they should do.
Your question reminds me on a project I once worked on about 'quality improvement measures', which - as usual and of course - should come with no investments whatsoever, yet should reduce the given yield by 95%.
I didn't know about the 'no costs please' at that time and wouldn't have started if I knew.
Many hours of investigations, meetings, power point presentations and number juggling later the result was clear:
Inefficient strategy, inefficient machinery, inefficient number of workers
Solution: Change strategy and invest in modern machinery and more workers
Reality: Nothing changed by same expectations to reduce the yield by 95%
Achievements: None, since ...
So good luck to save 100,000+ lives each year with the given restrictions ...
Nov 20 2013: Lejan,
I didn't say that there's no budget. Hospitals are willing to invest money as it's a very important issue. Yet, in the health services area there's always very limited resources. A solution which is based on behavioral change has a better potential to be implemented on a large scale.
LiorNov 20 2013: It is interesting, isn't it? Given the fact, that the 'health services area' is one of the most profitable areas to run a business in, it seems always very limited on resources. May there be a connection?
Forgive my sarcasm, yet after years of hearing the 'same story' all over the place I just can't take anyones intentions seriously anymore to get a lot for nothing by just tweaking on secondary details.
Honestly, what sort of low cost 'conditioning' do you have in mind to change the behavior of skilled, knowledgeable and specialized people who work in that business?
From my perspective, as a patient that I recently was, it seems to boil down to the same dilemma you can see almost anywhere:
Too FEW personnel has to cope with TO MUCH and increasing loads of work - and this - CONSTANTLY!
The basics of project management is the COST - TIME - QUALITY relation, which you can find in any related literature, yet somehow it never made it into the heads of decision makers.
Given your comment on 'limited resources', which are COSTS and my observations in 'workloads', which is TIME - what does those two restrictions do to the remaining QUALITY, of which hand disinfection is part of?
The only way it can go is DOWN if TIME goes down too an COST stays.
Seen from this perspective it makes even sense to 'safe time' by not washing hands over and over again, as its possible although lethal result stays somewhat untraceable in the whole process and can not be linked back again to its original cause.
So its a bit like radioactivity. One knows it is dangerous, yet as it is not detectable by our senses, we tend to underestimate its risks even though we know about it.
This is why I encouraged you to actually ask the medical personnel directly to get to know the reasons why they are not doing what they are expected to do and about they know they should do.
It may take some time to win their trust for them to be open about it, as some may fear to risk their jobs in doing so.
Nov 20 2013: I'm not sure I agree about your statement about profitability. At least not where I come from which is Israel. We're dealing with a public health system which is always under budget by the government.
Yet, you are absolutely right that we need to understand this problem better by asking metrical personnel and trying to understand the underlying reason for non compliance.
Thanks for taking the time to write in such detail. I appreciate it very much.
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Unfaithfully Yours (1948)
Comedy, Romance, Musical
Preston Sturges' Unfaithfully Yours is a typically witty and wild screwball comedy starring Rex Harrison as a symphony conductor named Alfred de Carter who is convinced his wife (Linda Darnell) is having an affair. During one of his concerts, Alfred begins planning three different ways of solving the problem -- including murder -- setting each to a different classical piece. Sturges' script and direction are lively and the actors are perfectly cast, capable of wringing all the humor, both physical and verbal, out of the story. Despite the artistic success of the film, Unfaithfully Yours was unsuccessful at the time of its release, yet it was well-regarded by critics and film buffs. It was remade in 1984, featuring Dudley Moore in the lead role.~ Stephen Thomas Erlewine, All Movie Guide
Cast: Rex Harrison, Linda Darnell, Rudy Vallee, Kurt Kreuger, Barbara Lawrence
Produced by:
Directed by: Preston Sturges
Written by: Preston Sturges
Running time: 1hr 45min
|Theaters for Today
Pick a day
on this day.

subset: commoncrawl


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No Age is a two-person American indie rock group consisting of guitarist Randy Randall and drummer/vocalist Dean Allen Spunt. The band is based in Los Angeles and is currently signed to Sub Pop records. The duo initially played together with drummer Jeremy Villalobos in Wives, and takes their name from the title of a 1987 SST Records instrumental compilation, which Spunt discovered while working at Aron's, a record store in Los Angeles. Along with the bands Health, Mika Miko, Silver Daggers, Abe Vigoda, BARR, and David Scott Stone, No Age has been listed as a mainstay of the Downtown Los Angeles venue The Smell. The band has strong ties with the Los Angeles underground community centered around The Smell. No Age has released three full-length albums, toured extensively in support of them, and is a strong advocate of the All-ages Movement Project, an organization that connects youth to each other and to the arts through independent music.
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Apply Online
You can apply using our Online Application. If you are using the online application you will pay a fee of $30.00. This fee must be transmitted with your application by Visa, MasterCard, or American Express, or you can mail a check to the Office of Admissions (full instructions will be given upon submission of the application).
Create an Account
You will need to create a Barry user name (email address) and password to submit your application. This will enable you to quickly access your application account from the Barry University site in the future, eliminating the need to submit the same information multiple times.
Mail in your application
If you would prefer to complete a paper application, you can obtain an application from Barry's Office of Graduate Admissions by emailing email@example.com or calling 305-899-3100 or 1-800-695-2279. You may also print out your application using the PDF files found below.
To be able to download and print out your application form, you need the free Adobe Acrobat Reader (Version 3.0 or later), available from Adobe Systems Inc. (www.adobe.com/products/acrobat/readstep2.html). Be sure to select the appropriate version for your operating system.
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|New Orleans
|New Orleans, La.
|High School:
|Brother Martin HS
2009: Saw action in seven games, getting his first collegiate start against Pittsburg State in the Sonic Miner's Bowl … completed 98 of 186 passes to lead the team with 1142 yards and finish second with eight touchdowns … had his best game when helped orchestrate 21 unanswered points at 12th ranked Missouri Western to lead the Lions to a 35-34 upset win over the Griffons … went 22-41 in the game with 298 yards and four touchdowns, including the game winner as time was expiring … also rushed for 194 yards and a touchdown on the season.
In 2008: Played in three games as a backup quarterback for the Lions … completed three passes for 17 yards during the Lions' week two victory over Haskell … also rushed for 19 yards on two carries against Haskell.
In 2007: Backed up Adam Hinspeter and saw action in five games … recorded a 72% completion rating … threw two touchdowns in the season opener against Haskell also completing 6 of 7 … also rushed 14 times for a total of 78 yards … Thompson enters the season looking to push for the starting job at quarterback.
In 2006: Thompson redshirted.
In high school: Started three years at quarterback for the Brother Martin High School and coach Wade Keiser… earned all-parish and all-district senior season… was named offensive and team MVP as a senior…ran track leading to a district and regional championship.
Personal: Major is computer forensics….born February 2, 1988 in New Orleans, Louisiana…son of Raymond and Toni Thompson … Favorite actress: Gabrielle Union … A recent movie that gets a thumbs up: "The Knowing".


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Waste Site Cleanup & Reuse in New England
Former Erickson Property becomes a City Park
Success in EPA-Lead Targeted Brownfields Assessment Program
Ledyard, CT
(September 3, 2003)
EPA New England funded a Phase I Environmental Site Assessment (ESA) at the Erickson Property, located at 110/114 Military Highway, in 1999 on behalf of the town of Ledyard, CT. After the property was assessed by the Targeted Brownfields Assessment (TBA) program, (with additional site assessment paid for by Erickson Estate, the property owners) the site underwent remediation. The town of Ledyard is currently redeveloping the property into an open greenspace and waterfront park. The dedication is anticipated to take place in either the winter 2003 or spring 2004.
The Erickson family owned the site since approximately 1900. The site was utilized as a convenience store, roller rink, and automotive service station. Gasoline sales and automotive repairs were performed on the site from the 1920s until the 1980s. The general store operated from the 1920s until the early 1990s. Items sold at the store included automotive supplies and lead-acid batteries.
The Erickson property is located at 110/114 Military Highway in the Gales Ferry section of the town of Ledyard, CT. The property is 2.89 acres and consists of two adjacent triangle- shaped pieces of land that are located between the Thames River and Military Highway. One of the two triangle-shaped pieces of land (Parcel 110) was undeveloped and was vegetated with grass, shrubs, and trees. The other piece of land (Parcel 114) contained five unoccupied, deteriorating structures including a 2,000-square foot convenience store and service station, a 1,500-square food residential dwelling, a 1,500-square decked-over foundation of a former dwelling, an old shed, and an outhouse.
An initial Phase I ESA was prepared for the town of Ledyard by Heynen Teale Engineers, in November 1998. The initial Phase I ESA cost about $1,450 and was paid for by the town of Ledyard. The results from the initial Phase I recommended further testing for soil contamination and to ensure all underground tanks were removed. The Final Phase I Technical Memo, Background Summary, valued at $50,000, was conducted by EPA's contractor Tetra Tech NUS, Inc. and completed on August 16, 1999. This Phase I ESA recommended that due to the types of debris left at the site, including drums, pails, tanks, batteries, and other solid waste, a Phase II ESA needed to be conducted at the property. The Erickson Estate (owners of the property) assumed responsibility of the Phase II ESA. It was prepared by ALTA Environmental Corporation in June 2000. The results of Phase II ESA indicated that items found at the site of environmental concern should be removed. The results also showed that soil contamination was not significant and did not require remediation. Once the Phase II was completed in 1999, the town of Ledyard purchased the site for a reduced price that reflected the estimated cost of the cleanup work required at the site ($15,000).
Cleanup was conducted by Fleet Environmental Services and paid for by the town of Ledyard. The contractor removed items of environmental concern noted in Phase II report by ALTA. Cleanup work was completed in August 2000. Asbestos found in the remaining buildings were removed by Wiese Construction & Environmental Service Inc. The total cost of asbestos removal was $15,880. The work was completed in December of 2001. The old store and home were demolished pro bono by a local contractor. The debris dumping fees were paid by a state of Connecticut Long Island Sound License Plate fund grant and totaled $7,600. The demolition work was completed in March of 2003.
The town of Ledyard is currently redeveloping the site into a passive park and public open greenspace and a dedication ceremony will take place in the winter 2003 or spring 2004. Since March 2003, local groups have volunteered to remove site debris such as brush, cement block, old wheelchair, etc. A site preparation plan to create a park has been completed. Signs and benches are currently on order and will be installed in December 2003. The town of Ledyard is working to remove the pavement and to find funds to stabilize the boat launch. An Eagle Scout from the local area is proposing to remove underbrush and invasive plants and possibly repair the stone wall as part of his Eagle Project.


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Welcome to another glorious Saturday afternoon at Ohio's football palace! This spectacular print brings your wall alive with a brilliant look inside Columbus' Ohio Stadium, during a jam-packed Big 10 matchup between the Buckeyes and the Indiana Hoosiers. Under a brilliant blue sky, with the Buckeyes' kicker unloading another booming post-score touchdown to the shellshocked Hoosiers - SNAP! The moment is preserved for all-time, in brilliant color and life-like detail. Whether you were there that day, were watching on TV, or are simply a long-time Buckeyes fan, this print is for you! A beautiful piece for any fan, and a rare collector's item for years to come - perfect for a nice frame and a prominent place on the wall of home or office. One of the nicest Ohio Stadium posters we've ever seen!
Product Specifications:


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What is the equivalent of product rule for stochastic differentials? I need it in the following case: Let $X_t$ be a process and $\alpha(t)$ a real function. What would be $d(\alpha(t)X_t)$?
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Quantitative Finance Stack Exchange is a question and answer site for finance professionals and academics. It's 100% free, no registration required.
If $\alpha(t)$ is of finite variation, then the product rule is the same as in ordinary calculus:
$$ d(\alpha(t)X_t) = \alpha(t) dX_t + X_t d\alpha(t). $$
If you had $X_t$ and $Y_t$ as processes, you would get
$$ d(X_t Y_t) = X_t dY_t + Y_t dX_t + d [X,Y]_t. $$
If $Y$ has finite variation, the last quadratic covariation term is zero. The second equation is just applying Ito's Formula to $f(x,y) = xy$.


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A Mom Blog Social Network
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Kitchen Rose has not received any gifts yet
Posted on September 12, 2012 at 3:36pm 0 Comments 0 Likes
The food pics and humorous posts should spark an idea for meal time!
sincerely, K Rose
Posted on September 10, 2012 at 3:19pm 0 Comments 0 Likes
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Budapest, including the Banks of the Danube, the Buda Castle Quarter and Andrássy Avenue
Budapest, including the Banks of the Danube, the Buda Castle Quarter and Andrássy Avenue
This site has the remains of monuments such as the Roman city of Aquincum and the Gothic castle of Buda, which have had a considerable influence on the architecture of various periods. It is one of the world's outstanding urban landscapes and illustrates the great periods in the history of the Hungarian capital.
Budapest, avec les rives du Danube, le quartier du château de Buda et l'avenue Andrássy
Conservant des vestiges de monuments ayant exercé une grande influence architecturale à diverses époques, comme ceux de la cité romaine d'Aquincum et le château gothique de Buda, ce site, qui est l'un des plus beaux paysages urbains du monde, illustre les périodes brillantes de l'histoire de la capitale hongroise.
بودابست بضفاف نهار الدانوب، وحي قصر بودا وجادة أندراسي
إنّ هذا الموقع الذي حافظ على آثار قديمة مارست تأثيراً هندسياً كبيراً على حقبات عدّة كآثار مدينة أكوينكوم الرومانية وقصر بودا القوطي، وهو من أجمل المناظر الحضرية في العالم، يدلّ على الفترات اللامعة العائدة لتاريخ العاصمة المجرية.
source: UNESCO/ERI
source: UNESCO/ERI
Будапешт: берега Дуная, Крепостная гора в Буде и проспект Андрашши
В этот объект входят такие памятники, как древнеримский город Аквинкум и готический замок в Буде, которые оказали существенное влияние на архитектуру различных исторических эпох. Это один из выдающихся городских ландшафтов мирового значения, иллюстрирующий значительные этапы в истории столицы Венгрии.
source: UNESCO/ERI
Budapest con las orillas del Danubio, el barrio del Castillo de Buda y la Avenida Andrássy
Este sitio conserva vestigios de monumentos que han ejercido una gran influencia en la arquitectura de diversas épocas, por ejemplo los de la ciudad romana de Aquincul y el castillo gótico de Buda. El paisaje urbano de Budapest es uno de los más bellos del mundo y es sumamente ilustrativo de los periodos de esplendor de la historia de la capital húngara.
source: UNESCO/ERI
source: NFUAJ
Boedapest - de Donau oevers, Boeda burchtwijk en Andrássy Avenue
Dit gedeelte van Boedapest omvat de overblijfselen van monumenten die een aanzienlijke invloed hadden op de stadsarchitectuur, zoals de Romeinse stad Aquincum en de gotische burcht van Boeda. Oorspronkelijk vormde de Donau een scheiding tussen twee steden: Boeda op de uitloper van de rechteroever en Pest op de vlakte van de linkeroever. Tijdens de middeleeuwen kregen de twee steden hun huidige naam. Daarvoor heette de stad Aquincum, de hoofdstad van een van de Romeinse grensprovincies in de 2e eeuw na Christus. Het gebied geldt als een van 's werelds meest vooraanstaande stedelijke landschappen en illustreert de grote periodes in de geschiedenis van de Hongaarse hoofdstad.
Source: unesco.nl
Outstanding Universal Value
Brief synthesis
This stretch of the Danube has been the location of human settlement since the Palaeolithic. It was the site of the Roman city of Aquincum, situated to the north of the inscribed property which comprises parts of two originally quite separate cities: Buda on the spur on the right bank and Pest on the plain on the left bank. Pest was the first medieval urban centre, devastated in 1241-2. A few years later the castle of Buda was built on a rocky spur on the right bank by King Bela IV. Thereafter, the city reflected the history of the Hungarian monarchy. After the end of the Turkish occupation, recovery did not really begin until the 18th century. In the 19th century, the city's role as a capital was enhanced by the foundation of the Hungarian Academy, housed from 1862 in a neo-renaissance palace, and by the construction of the imposing neo-gothic Parliament building (1884–1904). W.T. Clark's suspension bridge, finalised in 1849, symbolised the reunification of Buda and Pest, which did not actually come about until 1873. The symbol of the development of the city as a modern metropolis was the radial Andrássy Avenue, which was included in the property in 2002. From 1872, the Avenue radically transformed the urban structure of Pest, together with the construction of the European continent's first underground railway beneath it in 1893-6.
As a centre for receiving and disseminating cultural influences, Budapest is an outstanding example of urban development in Central Europe, characterised by periods of devastation and revitalisation. Budapest has retained the separate structural characteristics of the former cities of Pest, Buda and Óbuda. One example thereof is the Buda Castle Quarter with its medieval and characteristically Baroque style, which are distinct from the extended and uniquely homogeneous architecture of Pest (with its historicising and art nouveau styles) which is characterised by outstanding public buildings and fitted into the ringed-radial city structure. All this is organized into a unity arising from the varied morphological characteristics of the landscape and the Danube, the two banks of which are linked by a number of bridges. The urban architectural ensemble of the Andrássy Avenue ('The Avenue') and its surroundings (Heroes' Square, the City Park, historic inner city districts and public buildings) are high-quality architectural and artistic realisations of principles of urbanism reflecting tendencies, which became widespread in the second part of the 19th century. The scenic view of the banks of the Danube as part of the historic urban landscape is a unique example of the harmonious interaction between human society and a natural environment characterised by varied morphological conditions (Gellért Hill with the Citadel and the Buda Hills partly covered with forests, the broad Danube river with its islands and Pest's flat terrain rising with a slight gradient).
Criterion (ii): Aquincum played an essential role in the diffusion of Roman architectural forms in Pannonia, then in Dacia. Buda Castle played an essential role in the diffusion of Gothic art in the Magyar region from the 14th century. In the reign of Matthias Corvinus, Buda was an artistic centre comparable, due to its influence, to that of Cracow. As a result of the unification of Pest, Buda and Óbuda in 1872-73, Budapest became once more a significant centre in the second part of the 19th and at the beginning of the 20th century due to the amount and quality of heritage built during those periods. It was a centre which absorbed, integrated and disseminated outstanding and progressive European influences of urbanism and of architecture as well as modern technological developments such as the Millennium Underground Railway, built under Andrássy Avenue, the first in Continental Europe, all of which was in line with its role as a metropolis.
Criterion (iv): Buda Castle is an architectural ensemble which, together with the nearby old district (the Buda Castle Quarter) illustrates two significant periods of history which were separated by an interval corresponding to the Turkish invasion. The Parliament is also an outstanding example of a great official building on a par with those of London, Munich, Vienna and Athens, exemplifying the eclectic architecture of the 19th century, whilst at the same time symbolising the political function of the second capital of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. Andrássy Avenue (1872–1885) and the Millennium Underground Railway (1893 – 1896) are representative examples of the implementation of planning solutions associated with the latest technical facilities of the day to meet the requirements of an emerging modern society. Architecturally, the Avenue has great integrity in its eclectic, neo-renaissance buildings.
The delimitation of the extended property meets the requirements of integrity, since it includes the attributes of Outstanding Universal Value and their historical and structural role is preserved in the urban fabric. Despite the ruinous or missing buildings in certain parts and especially in the Buda Castle Quarter, and despite the reconstructions within the panorama of the Danube banks following World War II, the overall integrity of the property is sustained. In order to reinforce integrity, it is justified to review the delimitation on the Buda side as well as the inclusion of Margaret Island and the extension of the protected area up to the Grand Boulevard (Nagykörút). The original form of Andrássy Avenue with its buildings has been preserved reasonably well in terms of its conception and its relation to the surrounding urban environment, as well as the building fabric. Attention is also given to the preservation and appropriate design of small elements that form part of the street furniture. There are some problems, for example, in the physical condition of the buildings: wooden roof structures have suffered from humidity and metal structures have corroded, requiring maintenance and repair. There have also been some changes in the occupation, offices tending to replace the earlier residential use, which is a common problem in central urban areas. There have been problems with regard to development in the setting of the World Heritage property, both in terms of demolition and inappropriate new structures. Other challenges are the insurance of heritage-friendly traffic management and the mitigation of climate change impact on the natural and built environment (for example extreme water-levels of the Danube, air-pollution and deterioration of limestone structures).
In its attributes and the sum of its constituent parts, the property preserves the defining characters of the architectural heritage created by consecutive layers of historical periods. The restoration and partial reconstruction of the Buda Castle Quarter after World War II, carried out mainly between 1960 and 1980, as well as the degree of authenticity of the surviving historicising buildings are in line with the requirements of the Operational Guidelines. The majority of the replaced buildings in the panorama of the Danube banks conform to their original scales. The big public buildings, such as the Parliament, the Opera House, the Hungarian Academy of Sciences and the Market Hall, have also retained their original functions. Three of the four bridges across the Danube situated in the property have been authentically renovated. The 20th century design of the new Elisabeth Bridge fits in well into the line of bridges preserving its authentic image. Andrássy Avenue, with its trees alongside and its environment, preserve its historicity in its conception and constituent parts. The majority of public buildings have preserved their original function, however, the transformation of residential buildings into offices is an unfavourable trend. The renovated Underground Railway plays a functional role in the city infrastructure. The stations under the Avenue have retained their original features, while those in the City Park have been changed from their original position above-ground and are now built under the surface which represents a certain degree of compromise with regard to the authenticity of the railway. One of the guarantees of the property's authenticity lies in the authentic conservation of the historic urban structure and the buildings in the buffer zone.
Protection and management requirements
The World Heritage property with its buffer zone has been legally protected as a historic monuments area since 1965; this protected area was enlarged in 2005 - after the extension of the property in 2002 – under the Act on the Protection of Cultural Heritage. A great number of historic buildings as well as the bridges and the embankments are also individually protected. The proposed revision of the boundaries of the property is prompted not only by decisions of the World Heritage Committee, but also by recent evolution in the appreciation of the heritage values of the property and its surroundings, as well as by the appearance of new threats. The property and its buffer zone lie within nine administrative districts of Budapest, another municipality being that of the Capital of Budapest itself. These ten municipalities concerned have not yet established an overall management body.
Architectural Planning Juries, both at the level of the districts and at the level of the Capital of Budapest, facilitate high quality architectural developments in accordance with the values of the property. The Gyula Forster National Centre for Cultural Heritage Management is the World Heritage Management Body. Based on the national World Heritage Act of 2011, the state of conservation of the property, as well as threats and preservation measures will be regularly monitored and reported to the National Assembly, while the management plan will be reviewed at least every seven years. Once finalised and approved, the management plan and the management body provide transparent governance arrangements with clear responsibilities, where different interests can manifest themselves and where the institutional framework and methods for the cooperation of the different stakeholders are available.
A management requirement is the establishment of an urban conservation and development plan for the buffer zone, fully respecting the principal architectural and urban values of each quarter with a strict enforcement. In a complementary manner, additional funding (for example tax incentives and grants) has to be sought, and in a dynamic manner, private building investment has to be directed to rehabilitation operations and restoration rather than demolition and reconstruction. Due to the complexity of the property and its context, special attention has to be paid to developing appropriate monitoring tools and mechanisms as well as to their proper application.
Long Description
Within the unified perspective of an immense urban panorama the Danube is the dividing line between two cities, which were quite separate originally: Buda on the spur on the right bank, and Pest in the plain on the left bank. Human occupation of both sites is extremely ancient as it can be traced back to the Palaeolithic period; Celtic populations also established themselves here, attracted by the abundance of thermal springs. But the historic importance of the city is certainly prior to the medieval period, when the two urban developments received their present names. It dates back to the foundation of Aquincum by the Romans, the capital of Lower Pannonia, one of the border provinces of the Empire in the 2nd century AD.
Aquincum played an essential role in the diffusion of Roman architectural forms in Pannonia, then in Dacia. Remains of Aquincum and of the camp Contra Aquincum have been revealed by archaeological excavations on both sides of the river and can be seen today, together with a few arches of the aqueduct which supplied the Roman colony, but the present city did not develop on the ruins of the ancient city.
After the Hungarian invasion in the 9th century, Pest became the first medieval urban centre, only to be devastated by the Mongol raids of 1241-42. A few years later the castle of Buda was built on a rocky spur on the right bank by Bela IV and the inhabitants of Pest found shelter within its fortified outer walls. The castle is an architectural ensemble illustrating two significant periods of history separated by an interval corresponding to the Turkish invasion. Buda Castle played an essential role in the diffusion of Gothic art in the Magyar region from the 14th century.
The history of Buda became closely identified with that of the Hungarian monarchy and followed their changing fortunes. There was a brilliant period, corresponding with the Angevin dynasty, from the reign of Charles-Robert (1308-42) to that of Sigismund of Luxembourg (1382-1432). After the end of Hungarian independence, a second golden age coincided with the reign of Matthias Corvinus (1458-90), the humanist king who not only founded the university, the library and the royal printing office, but also attracted Italian architects, sculptors and painters, making Buda one of the main centres of Renaissance art in Europe.
After the city was ransacked by the Turks in 1526 and its final fall in 1541, the two original cities were rebuilt and led a semi-lethargic existence until 1686. Recovery did not really begin again until the 18th century, when the Empress Maria Theresa and the Emperor Joseph II took an interest in the capital of the Kingdom of Hungary: the city was then influenced by late Baroque architecture, soon to be supplanted by the more sober lines of discreet neoclassicism. In the 19th century, the city's role as capital became enhanced by the foundation of the Hungarian Academy (1830), after 1862 housed in a neo-Renaissance palace, and especially by the construction of the imposing neo-Gothic Parliament building (1884-1904). The parliament is an outstanding example of a great official building on a par with those of London, Munich, Vienna and Athens. It exemplifies the eclectic architecture of the 19th century, while symbolizing the political function of the second capital of the Austro-Hungarian monarchy. Since 1849, W. T. Clark's suspension bridge has symbolized the reunification of Buda and Pest (which did not become official until 1873).
With the Union of Pest and Buda in 1873, Budapest truly became the nation's capital, developing at a faster rhythm than earlier. The symbol of this development is the radial Andràssy Avenue. There had been no attempts at organized urban development since the Middle Ages, and the Hungarian capital needed to make up for this lack in a single great leap in terms of public services, transportation, and city planning. The route of the avenue cut straight through an unregulated suburban area, thereby radically transforming its urban structure. The Siemens and Halske companies built the first underground railway on the European continent there in 1893-96. This also led to the construction of a memorial on Heroes' Square (1894- 1906), the development and extension of the landscape garden, the development of the Szechenyi Baths as an establishment for spa culture, and the Vajdahunyad Castle that displayed the different periods of Hungarian architecture.Source: UNESCO/CLT/WHC
Historical Description
At the end of the 17th century a wall surrounded the city of Pest and for the most part Germans lived along the banks of the Danube. The areas outside of the city were arable land with fruit orchards, but by 1699 craftsmen had begun to establish suburban communities. From 1730 they began to settle an area then called Pacsirtamezq. In 1777 it was renamed Terezvaros after Saint Theresa and in honour of Maria Theresa. The parish church of Terezvaros was built in 1801-09 and by 1805 the current street grid had taken shape. Most of the merchants in the area settled and established themselves along Kiraly Street. At the beginning of the 20th century the areas of Erzsebetvaros and the City Park split off from this district. In 1841 Lajos Kossuth took up the idea of a large-scale promenade for Terezvaros. With the Union of Pest and Buda in 1873, Budapest truly became the nation's capital, developing at a faster rhythm than earlier; by the turn of the century it had become a modern metropolis with more than a million inhabitants.
The symbol of this development is the radial Andrassy Avenue. There had been no attempts at organized urban development since the Middle Ages, and the Hungarian capital needed to make up for this lack in a single great leap in terms of public services, transportation, and city planning. To execute this great leap forward a special commission, the Capital Communal Labour Board, was established on the model of the London Metropolitan Board of Works. This commission planned and partially carried out construction of the avenue, as the modern city's stately promenade, along with the creation of essential infrastructure (transportation and utilities). The commission's establishment was decreed by a national act in 1870 and the state gave funds for its realization.
The route of the avenue cut straight through an unregulated suburban area, thereby radically transforming its urban structure. Construction of the road began in 1872, the route was opened in 1876, and in one decade, by 1885, it was completed with 131 buildings. The Siemens and Halske companies built the first underground railway on the European continent there in 1893-96. It starts in the heart of the city, near the banks of the Danube, and runs just beneath the surface for the length of Andrassy Avenue to the City Park. The railway served the Millennial Exhibition, organized in 1896 to celebrate the 1000th anniversary of the Hungarian conquest. This also led to the construction of a memorial on Heroes' Square (1894- 1906), the development and extension of the landscape garden, the development of the Szechenyi Baths as an establishment for spa culture, and the Vajdahunyad Castle that displayed the different periods of Hungarian architecture.Source: Advisory Body Evaluation
News (4)
- World Heritage sites participate in Earth Hour Wednesday, March 28, 2012
- Message from the Director of the World Heritage Centre on the toxic spill in Hungary Friday, October 8, 2010
- Message on the Occasion of the Floods Affecting a Number of UNESCO World Heritage Sites Tuesday, August 20, 2002
- World Heritage Committee Inscribes 9 New Sites on the World Heritage List Wednesday, June 26, 2002
Events (2)
- International Conference on the Historic Urban Landscape and its management Nov 23, 2008-Nov 25, 2008
- CAA2008: On the Road to Reconstructing the Past Apr 2, 2008-Apr 6, 2008


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The Deerfield Academy Archives acquires, preserves, and provides access to a wide variety of materials that document the school's administrative, academic, and social history.
It serves as the official and final repository of the historical records of the Academy from its establishment in 1797 to the present. In addition, the Academy Archives collects materials from alumni, faculty and staff relating to their years at the school.
Collections in the Archives include:
- Photographs
- Audiovisual material
- Departmental and administrative records
- Correspondence
- Publications
- Memorabilia
The Academy Archives welcomes material from alumnae/i, faculty and staff relating to their years at the school. We rely heavily on such donations to help document the long and rich history of Deerfield Academy. Of special value are scrapbooks, letters, records of student and faculty organizations and committees, faculty notes and papers, audiovisual material, and photographs. If you have materials that you wish to donate, please contact the Archives.
Academy offices are required to review the contents of their files with the Archives staff for disposal or transfer to the Archives. Please see the records transmittal form and faculty donation guidelines for more information.


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Cheap ski holidays in hundreds of ski resorts worldwide.
Nb: infants must be under the age of 2 and
children must be under the age of 12 at the time of
This hotel enjoys an absolutely superb location right on the nursery slopes of the Malina ski area. It's only 5 min walking distance from the main chair lift and the resort's night life is only a 5 minute taxi ride away. Markony has a cosy bar and an excellent restaurant with fireplaces to warm you up after a day on the slopes. One of the hotel's main attractions is the sunny open-air terrace where one can have a drink or a nice meal while sunbathing and enjoying the view of the Malina Valley. The hotel also offers sauna, jacuzzi, shops, private ski, snowboard depot, exchange desk and safety deposit boxes.
Prices are based on 4 adults sharing an open plan suite with 2 regular and 2 extra beds, decorated to a high standard with shower, WC, balcony, cable TV and telephone.
Board basis: Half board
Please note: that use of facilities may be subject to a local charge • Child age - 11 years
Iglu acts as a travel agent for disclosed principals/tour operators, further details
of which will be made available at the time of booking. Your holiday contract will
be bound by the tour operators terms and conditions.
Prices are shown for a basic room or unit, can be subject to change and are indicative
until time of booking. Please call on 020 8544 7114 for prices for other travel
and room options for this property.
The price shown includes 7 nights accommodation,
with flights from Gatwick.
Prices shown are per person per week based on maximum occupancy. Descriptions and
quality ratings are provided by the Tour Operator (or one of the Tour Operators
where similar holidays are offered by more than one supplier). We reserve the right
to make minor adjustments to the description or rating based on staff and customer
feedback. For payments by credit card, a 2.5% credit card charge (4% for AMEX) will
be added to your invoice. If you pay by a UK issued debit card, there is no charge.
All bookings are subject to a £5 per person Passenger Admin Fee charged by Iglu.com.


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Terms & Conditions.
Some product exclusions may apply. See product page details for more information. Clearance items are final sale. Price matching does not apply to this or any promotion. Offer is valid until September 13 at 11:59 PM PST. May not be combined with any other offer/discount (unless specified), including invitation credits, promotional gift cards and/or special discount links. Discount applied upon checkout. Log in to your account to see your savings.
Just because the temperature's dropped and your backyard has gone from post-work retreat to frozen tundra doesn't mean you have to throw style to the wind. The Verbier Coat by Aksel Paris is your next closet addition—it'll keep you warm while recalling the fashion sense that earned you the title of Best Dressed in middle school. With detailed construction and an extended length, this coat will keep you looking crispy while keeping the cold at bay.
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Description:10 x Seagate 900GB 10K 6G 2.5-inch (SFF) Dual Port 64MB Cache Hot-Plug SAS Drive with Secure Encryption (SED)Part Number(s)Seagate Part# ST900MM0026
Overview:This 2.5 SFF SAS 10K drive offers the advanced SAS 2.0 interface and operates at 6-Gb/s transfer rates. SAS 2.0 provides the next generation of signal and data integrity features making SAS ideally suited for use in high-end network storage applications. The SAS 2.0 feature set and 6-Gb/s transfer rate supports larger topologies by connecting more expanders host bus adapters and RAID controllers within or across more storage arrays; by communicating over longer distances with high signal integrity and by moving data two times faster thereby doubling data throughput. This powerful 2.5-inch drives advantages translate into greater overall value to IT organizations and administrators who want to optimize their data center performance efficiency.
CategorySeagate HardDrive
GenerationSAS SFF
Part NumberST900MM0026-10Pack
Products ID466541
InterfaceSerial Attached SCSI 2
Drive Dimensions2.5 inches (SFF)
Spindle Speed10000RPM
External Data Transfer Rate600MB/s
Average Latency2.9ms
Pre-Failure WarrantyYes
Hot Swap TrayNot Included
PortsDual Port
[ Manufacturers Specs ]


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I was originally just going to post a response to this at BlackPerspective, but after polluting my ears with this video and reading the following commentary, "Rome can be annoying, but he hits gold sometimes; and this is just about my all time favourite rant of his – it's too true. Come on." I decided to respond on my blog.
Well, let's start out with the fact that Jim Rome says,"Hey, listen I don't really know any strippers personally and I have never really had a conversation with a stripper about this kind of thing but I think that we are all pretty safe in assuming that strippers hate their dads. Why do you think they became strippers because they had a good relationship with their father? Because they respected where he was coming from?"
Once again it is all about the men. Unless daddy gives you permission at the altar to be a sexual being, or perform in a sexual way, it is simply unacceptable. Women couldn't possibly choose to get into sex work because they enjoy it could they? The only two reasons to become a stripper is to feed a drug addiction, or to exact revenge upon daddy for his obvious neglect of his patriarchal duties. Dear old dad should have no say on what a grown woman chooses to do with her body, and furthermore women are more than capable of making decisions outside of male considerations. Sometimes what is best for a man is not best for a woman.
"What is the worst nightmare that a father could have is that his daughter could become a stripper."
Of course the worst fear is not that she could be physically, or sexually assaulted. It is certainly not that she faces a lifetime of systemic inequality as a direct result of patriarchy. Nope, the only supposed nightmare is that she might show her tits and shake a little ass to pay the rent and feed herself. How can a man possibly embrace a daughter that believes that she has the right to decide what is and isn't appropriate for her to do?
Daddy's don't love sluts. The best way to retain the love and respect of a father is to sit pretty, preferably with your legs closed, speaking only when spoken to. When are daughters ever going to learn that their lives are not about them. Womens lives from birth to death are meant to be about fulfilling the wishes of men. If Daddy wants chastity and you're feeling horny, you had better learn to masturbate quietly in a dark room, because dick without permission is strictly a no no. There is no point calling out the sweaty men that sit in pervert ally for their depravations, because everyone knows that it is women that are expected to be the moral regulators of sex and sexuality. Men may have their finger on the button but when faced with a snatch they suddenly loose the ability to think clearly. I actually find that amusing considering it is common to hear that a woman could not be president because of hormones, but I suppose being led through your life by your genitals is ok, as long as it is a dick doing the leading.OOH twisting knife. I can already hear the trolls calling me a man hater. How dare I challenge their right to enforce appropriate morals (read: social chastity belts) on women? I must be a slut myself for refusing to agree that all sex work is degrading. yeah, yeah, yeah. Slut shaming is something that patriarchy excels at. Sex is an essential drive and to discipline it in this way is to assert a large degree of control over someone's life. When the authoritarian father daughter connection is added to this equation, it appears to be an innocuous life lesson. Daddy is not harmed by the teaching but the little girl is deeply wounded because she learns from the one that is supposed to support her the most, that there are conditions to love.


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If you are having problems finding the links to email or Moodle on the new website, please logon to the portal using the "Sign In" link at the top, center of the home page window. Login with your campus network password and username (the same ones that you use for logging into email). Then click on the Email or Moodle icon on the left for direct access without having to logon again.
Web Redesign
- CampusEAI's Press Release, announcement on CampusEAI's site
- CIO's blog entry about the Web Redesign and Portal
- Email Announcement to Campus Community
- Flyer about the new website
- February 2011 campuswide announcement
- Fall 2010 redesign project presentation
In early 2010, the Web Redesign Committee convened to develop an RFP for the re-design of CMA's website that was launched in the 2004 school year. After a competitive bidding process, Project 6 Design was contracted to develop a new look & feel and work with CMA staff to refine website content and navigation, and implement the custom design work into CampusEAI's WCMS Web Portal product.
The Web Committee was an open group effort to modernize the university's website with an improved look & feel, updated navigation, fresh content, a content management system, and enhanced web accessibility.
At CMA, we publish web items in a decentralized fashion, where more than 50 staff have ownership of one or more pages which they can edit directly through the portal itself.
The new website went live on Saturday, February 19, 2011 as http://www.csum.edu. The new website also encompasses our old portal, http://mycampus.csum.edu.
Web Redesign Subcommittee
(a sub-committee of the ITPAC Committee)
- Veronica Boe, Director of Sponsored Project and Extended Learning
- Shawn Clark, 3rd Year Student
- Greg Crum, Academic Technologist
- James Dalske, Interim Director of Career Center
- Stephen Frazier, Information Technology Officer
- Jerry Jakubowski, Provost
- Drew Kerlee, 2nd year Student
- Marc McGee, Director of Admissions
- Ken Toet, Controller
- Jennifer Whitty, Director of Development and Alumni Affairs
For related information, visit the Web Development page.
Please send your comments to firstname.lastname@example.com. Please send your feedback!


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A followup to Part 1, Part 2 and Part 3.
Things that I am very confident in and I have proof for (although I cannot reveal the evidence for all of the points):
1. MCBILL did not cheat when he won the $100K Absolute Poker Dream Package
When I was in Costa Rica, I did a few things to confirm MCBILL's innocence.
First, I looked at the name/address on the account. I confirmed that the information was the same as the info that I received from other sources online. In addition, I confirmed that there was a "MCBILL" registered with the same IP and email at thepokerdb. Therefore, I concluded with 100% certainty that Absolute Poker did not manipulate the data in MCBILL's account.
Second, I examined the tournament history where MCBILL won the $100K Absolute Poker Dream Package. I viewed the entire hand history with hole cards exposed and while I cannot reveal the entire history for obvious reasons, I did clear certain hands for public release. The reason Absolute agreed to let me release these hands was because they went to showdown and were therefore available publicly to people observing and/or playing in the tournament. Here are the MCBILL Selected Hands. I think you'll agree with me that MCBILL was not a superuser. In addition, speaking from the point of view of having seen the rest of the history, I assure you that MCBILL could not see hole cards on AP.
2. OSCAR133 is not Oscar Hilt Tatum (one of the AP execs mentioned in the investigation) and did not cheat during his tourney wins early in October 2007
I did similar things for OSCAR133 as for MCBILL. I would retype the same paragraphs here as I just typed for MCBILL, but there's no point. He wasn't cheating when he won the $150K weekly tournament. Like I did for MCBILL, I reviewed OSCAR133′s play and he was not a superuser. Once again, here are some OSCAR133 Selected Hands. And as I stated for MCBILL, the rest of OSCAR133′s hand history was not suspicious. Also, his satellite win into the $150 Weekly was not a suspicious hand history, although I did not clear any of those hands for public release, so I cannot do so.
3. Absolute Poker was operationally run, to a significant degree, by AJ Green
Why is this significant? Well, a major question in my mind was exactly how involved was Scott Tom and how involved was AJ Green. I simply didn't know beyond what my sources had told me. Once problem was that a few of my "best" sources were actually not employees as recently as this past summer, so they didn't know. Of course, my ex-employees sources were able to tell me that Scott and AJ used to be VERY involved in Absolute Poker operations, but that didn't really speak to the cheating during this past August and September. So I used my time in Costa Rica to ask current employees questions about the two of them. I often asked different employees when others were not in the room a series of questions, some of which were dumb and obvious, some of which were more important to me. I received very very consistent answers about Scott and AJ's roles at Absolute during the period in question. And everything pointed to AJ having significant operational control over Absolute and, to a certain degree, Ultimate Bet as well. In addition, the current employees that I talked to "off the job" (ie, some lower level people who weren't officially showing me around) confirmed the same thing.
In addition, my friend Shaun Deeb (known online as shaundeeb, TedsFishFry, etc) provided me with the following email that was sent to him:
—–Original Message—–
From: [AP/UB employee email address]
To: [shaundeeb's email address]
Cc: 'AJ'
Sent: Mon, 3 Sep 2007 12:42 pm
Subject: [edited]
Great to talk to you – im excited for you about your Euro trip – i know your love it!
I hope you make it to Aruba – let me know when you have your seat and we'll get you invited to a few special invite only events with the other pros.
All the best
So, basically, AJ was still receiving CC'ed copies of customer-level emails on Sept 3rd. This basically confirms what I already knew — he was very involved in operations during the cheating period. For all intents and purposes, he was not a high-level consultant, but an operational manager.
4. Absolute Poker does not have significant poker knowledge within their organization
You know, when I made my post way-back-when outlining these points, some people made some sarcastic comments about this point. They were like, "oh, gee, really?" and generally clearly thought this was something that I shouldn't have focused on. I disagree. I find it to be a very important point. Here's why…
Basically, Absolute Poker is claiming that a certain high level person said "there's nothing to see here, move along" and that the rest of the company said "oh, okay, sounds good" and that the issue was therefore ignored internally. In order for that story to be even remotely believable, isn't the level of poker expertise in the company pretty important? I don't think people realize exactly how compartmentalized the departments are at a poker site like Absolute. For instance, I spoke with a well-known Montana guy who basically runs the payments at Absolute. He *clearly* did not focus his daily efforts on actual gaming. I doubt he's reviewed a hand history in years. He spends his time moving money around, making sure they can get deposits smoothly (he told me some funny stories re: deposits), making sure cashouts happen fast, etc. There's no way he spent time reading BBV or customer-level stuff. Lots of the higher level people don't EVER look at hand histories or even play poker at all. They're business people. Would you expect someone in the accounting department at Tylenol to know about cyanide in the pills? Or how to even figure out what went wrong? As poker players, we take it for granted that anyone with a clue about poker would know that something was wrong. What about people who never looked at the hand history because someone told them it was okay or about people who looked at it but didn't know the first thing about poker? Would your brother/sister/parent who doesn't play poker know something was wrong? The answer is probably not.
Therefore, I needed to know what the lowel-level people at Absolute knew about poker. I'm talking about the people who might actually review a history that was reported as suspicious. What I found was shocking. Basically, VERY few people at Absolute Poker understand poker at all. Their "security" department is mainly a credit card fraud prevention outfit. They don't have poker experts in the same vein as PokerStars support. Don't believe me? Take a look at this thread on 2p2 about how Absolute Poker support did not even know the rules of Razz (in addition to their software being incorrect). Everyone I spoke to from current employees in charge of showing me around to ex-employees to people generally familiar with Absolute told me the same thing: They don't know anything about poker in their security department. Now, is this excusable? No, certainly not. Absolute Poker, as one of the largest poker sites online, is being paid significantly to employ the best available poker security experts. It's actually an enormous organizational fault of theirs that they have not brought in significant poker expertise to catch issues like this. And just imagine, if they can't spot this, how in the world would they ever spot sophisticated collusion? The answer is that the chances of them catching skilled cheaters are slim to none.
I should note that the person who is now running the Absolute Poker organization has told me that he wants to significantly change the poker expertise in their organization. He says he's been given a quasi-"blank check" to get it done. I haven't heard, specifically, about anything being done as of the writing of this blog. However, the audit is still not out (as far as I know, I think was was supposed to be out on Friday the 7th) and I understand that it takes time to move on things like this. You can be sure that I will post and update everyone on the "poker expertise" matter as I find out over the next few months what has/hasn't been done.
That's it for this part, I may be posting a part 5 at some point in the future. Also, I've received some comments about why I am not posting this stuff on 2p2, P5s, etc. The reason is that I don't want to be seen as spamming and there aren't good/already-made threads to put these posts in. So if someone else wants to do it, great. If not, so be it. I'm just not going to be the one to do it and I figure it will get posted/linked eventually at some point if there's something of value.


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For Sale Or Rent Sign
One of a treasure trove of 1950s signage found in the basement of an old print shop, created by Stevens-Ness Law Publishing Co., Portland, Oregon. Has that delicious eau dé old paper scent and an even more delicious aged patina and we think the fonts are to die for. Mat in black, frame in red…great.
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Does it need to have anything special or any food-grade bucket would do?
Take the 2-minute tour ×
Homebrewing Stack Exchange is a question and answer site for dedicated home brewers and serious enthusiasts. It's 100% free, no registration required.
Any food grade bucket will do, but keep in mind that the plastic will asborb flavors. So don't use a pickle bucket (etc.) unless you want pickle-beer.
As an extract brewer planning to start going all-grain sometime soon, I can't answer from experience. But my plan is to start by buying a cooler to use as a mash tun. You can use a bucket, but without any insulation you'll have a hard time maintaining the 150-158F required for a good mash. I plan to build mine from one of those big job site drink coolers - they're made from food grade plastic and can help to maintain the temperature for an hour.


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Thursday, March 09, 2006
A Thorough Debunking of the "Statutory" Argument for the NSA Surveillance Program -- But Alas, Congress Doesn't Care
Marty Lederman
Today's Washington Post reports that David Kris, DOJ's Associate Deputy Attorney General in charge of national security issues from 2000 to 2003 -- now a counsel at Time-Warner -- is "highly critical" of the legal arguments that DOJ has offered in support of the legality of the NSA domestic spying program. That's putting it mildly.
Let's see: Kris is receptive to the Article II arguments likely made in 2003, but finds the AUMF argument offered in 2006 to be unpersuasive. Somehow that's evidence that, if the Article II arguments had been presented to him in 2003, he would have objected to them at that time. Or something along those lines. I mean, everyone recognizes that the AUMF argument is more recent than the approval of the NSA program, and, thus, that some other rationale must originally have been adopted. But we're supposed to ignore that, in favor of some conspiracy of ignorance.
It isn't that you find the Article II analysis less fact-dependent than Kris does. To the contrary, your position, as far as I can tell, is that the facts don't make a difference *at all*. There's nothing in anything you've written--all of it in utter ignorance of what the underlying facts are--that signals any uncertainty.
What is more interesting is that the Congress is being much more sensible to limitations on its power than the academic commentators have been. It is clear that an overwhelming majority of the Congress believes, along with the president, the NSA program is essential to national security. Further, there is good reason to think that the NSA program as it presently exists couldn't be brought within FISA (e.g., Senator Specter's draft legislation). The latest developments indicate that Congress is interested in reasonable regulation of the program, and not interested in an unconstitutional overreach to end the program. Seen in this way, the proposed amendments are as much confession of error as indication of interest.
Marty, I don't see how what particular members of Congress thought is relevant (I thought Judge Easterbrook's fine work in this area settled this - there is no "intent" for a collective body, and those intenst never had to go through the process of bicameralism and presentment, so they are not "law"). The text of the AUMF is what governs and it is very broadly worded. Congress members undoubtedly did not think they were specifically authorizing the detention of American citizens with the AUMF, but SCOTUS said the language was broad enough to authorize it, despite the prior specific statute prohibiting it.
That is the same here: just as authorizing detention of belligerants is an incident of warmaking, so is intercepting enemy communications, even when one of the parties to that communication is in America (wiretapping was done by both sides in the Civil War, letters were intercepted before that - Hell, in WWII, all incoming mail to ths U.S. from overseas was intercepted and read).
The text of the AUMF is what governs and it is very broadly worded.
The AUMF authorizes force against "those nations, organizations, or persons [the president] determines planned, authorized, committed, or aided" the attacks of September 11, 2001. If the wiretapping is limited to those persons, then an argument could be made that wiretapping them is permitted. There are other problems with that position, not the least of them being whether Congress intended to override FISA without expressly saying so, but I'll grant it for the moment. In any case, the wiretapping seems to be much broader than this and therefore not covered by this language.
Even this argument is problematic because of the amendments Congress rejected before voting on the AUMF. There were two suggested by the Administration:
1. On September 12, 2001, to add a clause expanding the scope to allow the use of force to "deter and preempt any future acts of terrorism or aggression against the United States."
2. Just before the Senate vote, to add the words "in the United States and" after "appropriate force" in the text.
The rejection of these two amendments pretty well eliminates any claim that Congress authorized actions in the US, including warrantless wiretapping. It makes even less likely the assertion that Congress modified FISA without any mention that it was doing so.
The latest developments indicate that Congress is interested in reasonable regulation of the program, and not interested in an unconstitutional overreach to end the program. Seen in this way, the proposed amendments are as much confession of error as indication of interest.
This is an odd conclusion to reach regarding the Art. II issue. If Congress is drafting legislation to authorize the program, that legislation is a specific rejection of claims that the President has sole authority under Art. II. Congress is not "confessing error", it's stating "the President was wrong".
The web of domestic spying goes well beyond what NSA is up to.
Laura Rozen is untangling one of its darker corners:
March 10, 2006
I know you have been critical of Sen. Specter's draft bill, believing that its authorization of surveillance is potentially too broad.
However, Specter's approach does have the merit of forcing judicial review -- not only of the NSA "program" we know something about but any other "programs" we only suspect are out there. If the President wants to make the "Yoo" case for such programs, he could tell it to the judge (and would probably lose).
Given that the White House and its allies are coalescing around the DeWine bill -- which essentially deals the courts out completely at the President's discretion -- would you like to rethink your opinion of Specter's bill?
Congress needs your encouragement to wrap its arms around this polymorphic issue. I too had to wonder at the Senate Judiciary Committee reaction to the have-it-both-ways February hearing parsing of the AUMF override of FISA, with, as observed, above, and by you in your opening commentary, the Yoo unitary executive leitmotif throughout.
I think Congress is going to wait until there is a quiet Middle East and a Guantanamo depopulation after those issues are settled in court, before addressing a genuine rewrite of FISA so it too becomes realtime responsive; unless congress opts for secret laws to govern secret programs, sooner.
I see the DeWine and Specter measures and Frist's own recommendations, as cosmetic.
I see the current Supreme Court's getting involved but incrementally via all the habeas suits which it certs; and temporizing, as well, until there is some kind of peace and stability.
To me it is all extralegal, wherefrom the hue and cry and justly so, especially from former decisionmakers and a majority of the most respected longterm experts from academia, but the executive is winning realtime in the antiterrorism conflicts.
What do we do if NSA lofted the omnisnoop P10Cs on 9-12 and vacuumed and datamined every cellphone call from VA to MA,e.g.
I think this is why Graham and Frist are willing to acquiesce, predominantly, although there is caucus politics motivating much of their work.
Until there is an armistice, there will be no deep lawmaking. Not exactly the best time to blast the Yoo theory out of the firmament, though the evidence tainting will be the Achilles heel of that scoping of executive's reach: FISC will begin to reject 5th amendment violations, and SCOTUS will, as well; probably, why the reconstitution of the commissions has yet to occur; the executive as well is procrastinating while the clocks tick in Iraq, and toward primaries here ninety days from now.
And of course the President and congress, both, are going to write interim claims of responsibility for success and taut revisions of statute to apply to this innovative conflict in telecoms, and in Iraq, and in Afghanistan; the 'work'. I look forward to studying the materials at the Snowe site; I appreciate that link.
There may be a forgiveness session like the Iran-Contra hearings; sins will be outed; but destruction occurred in Nicaragua region, not Manhattan. I think that is the difference.
The sooner politics leads to a change of policies and officeholders, the more quickly the pressure on the Supreme Court will subside and the more thorough congress will become.
As you point out, at least if I am grasping the gist, the move and countermove for now are fairly transparently shells without much substance. Executive is prosecuting its course, one which likely is drawing to a close because five years is too much time now.
"Extralegal . . . shell" game, indeed.
More light on the dark corners:
Blogger Gets Education in Gestapo Tactics
Bush's Mysterious 'New Programs'
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It isn't that you find the Article II analysis less fact-dependent than Kris does. To the contrary, your position, as far as I can tell, is that the facts don't make a difference *at all*. There's nothing in anything you've written--all of it in utter ignorance of what the underlying facts are--that signals any uncertainty.Post a Comment
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Books by Balkinization Bloggers
Stephen M. Griffin, Broken Trust: Dysfunctional Government and Constitutional Reform (University Press of Kansas, 2015)
Frank Pasquale, The Black Box Society: The Secret Algorithms That Control Money and Information (Harvard University Press, 2015)
Bruce Ackerman, We the People, Volume 3: The Civil Rights Revolution (Harvard University Press, 2014)
Balkinization Symposium on We the People, Volume 3: The Civil Rights Revolution
Joseph Fishkin, Bottlenecks: A New Theory of Equal Opportunity (Oxford University Press, 2014)
Mark A. Graber, A New Introduction to American Constitutionalism (Oxford University Press, 2013)
John Mikhail, Elements of Moral Cognition: Rawls' Linguistic Analogy and the Cognitive Science of Moral and Legal Judgment (Cambridge University Press, 2013)
Gerard N. Magliocca, American Founding Son: John Bingham and the Invention of the Fourteenth Amendment (New York University Press, 2013)
Stephen M. Griffin, Long Wars and the Constitution (Harvard University Press, 2013)
Andrew Koppelman, The Tough Luck Constitution and the Assault on Health Care Reform (Oxford University Press, 2013)
James E. Fleming and Linda C. McClain, Ordered Liberty: Rights, Responsibilities, and Virtues (Harvard University Press, 2013)
Balkinization Symposium on Ordered Liberty: Rights, Responsibilities, and Virtues
Andrew Koppelman, Defending American Religious Neutrality (Harvard University Press, 2013)
Brian Z. Tamanaha, Failing Law Schools (University of Chicago Press, 2012)
Sanford Levinson, Framed: America's 51 Constitutions and the Crisis of Governance (Oxford University Press, 2012)
Linda C. McClain and Joanna L. Grossman, Gender Equality: Dimensions of Women's Equal Citizenship (Cambridge University Press, 2012)
Mary Dudziak, War Time: An Idea, Its History, Its Consequences (Oxford University Press, 2012)
Jack M. Balkin, Living Originalism (Harvard University Press, 2011)
Jason Mazzone, Copyfraud and Other Abuses of Intellectual Property Law (Stanford University Press, 2011)
Richard W. Garnett and Andrew Koppelman, First Amendment Stories, (Foundation Press 2011)
Jack M. Balkin, Constitutional Redemption: Political Faith in an Unjust World (Harvard University Press, 2011)
Gerard Magliocca, The Tragedy of William Jennings Bryan: Constitutional Law and the Politics of Backlash (Yale University Press, 2011)
Bernard Harcourt, The Illusion of Free Markets: Punishment and the Myth of Natural Order (Harvard University Press, 2010)
Bruce Ackerman, The Decline and Fall of the American Republic (Harvard University Press, 2010)
Balkinization Symposium on The Decline and Fall of the American Republic
Ian Ayres. Carrots and Sticks: Unlock the Power of Incentives to Get Things Done (Bantam Books, 2010)
Mark Tushnet, Why the Constitution Matters (Yale University Press 2010)
Ian Ayres and Barry Nalebuff: Lifecycle Investing: A New, Safe, and Audacious Way to Improve the Performance of Your Retirement Portfolio (Basic Books, 2010)
Jack M. Balkin, The Laws of Change: I Ching and the Philosophy of Life (2d Edition, Sybil Creek Press 2009)
Brian Z. Tamanaha, Beyond the Formalist-Realist Divide: The Role of Politics in Judging (Princeton University Press 2009)
Andrew Koppelman and Tobias Barrington Wolff, A Right to Discriminate?: How the Case of Boy Scouts of America v. James Dale Warped the Law of Free Association (Yale University Press 2009)
Jack M. Balkin and Reva B. Siegel, The Constitution in 2020 (Oxford University Press 2009)
Heather K. Gerken, The Democracy Index: Why Our Election System Is Failing and How to Fix It (Princeton University Press 2009)
Mary Dudziak, Exporting American Dreams: Thurgood Marshall's African Journey (Oxford University Press 2008)
David Luban, Legal Ethics and Human Dignity (Cambridge Univ. Press 2007)
Ian Ayres, Super Crunchers: Why Thinking-By-Numbers is the New Way to be Smart (Bantam 2007)
Jack M. Balkin, James Grimmelmann, Eddan Katz, Nimrod Kozlovski, Shlomit Wagman and Tal Zarsky, eds., Cybercrime: Digital Cops in a Networked Environment (N.Y.U. Press 2007)
Jack M. Balkin and Beth Simone Noveck, The State of Play: Law, Games, and Virtual Worlds (N.Y.U. Press 2006)
Andrew Koppelman, Same Sex, Different States: When Same-Sex Marriages Cross State Lines (Yale University Press 2006)
Brian Tamanaha, Law as a Means to an End (Cambridge University Press 2006)
Sanford Levinson, Our Undemocratic Constitution (Oxford University Press 2006)
Mark Graber, Dred Scott and the Problem of Constitutional Evil (Cambridge University Press 2006)
Jack M. Balkin, ed., What Roe v. Wade Should Have Said (N.Y.U. Press 2005)
Sanford Levinson, ed., Torture: A Collection (Oxford University Press 2004)
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Interpretive Handbook
80204 :
Anti-DNase B Titer, Serum
Clinical Information Discusses physiology, pathophysiology, and general clinical aspects, as they relate to a laboratory test
A number of bacterial antigens have been identified in cultures of group A streptococci. These extracellular products are primarily enzymatic proteins and include streptolysin O, streptokinase, hyaluronidase, deoxyribonucleases (DNases A, B, C, and D), and nicotinamide adenine nucleotidase.
Infections by the group A streptococci are unique because they can be followed by the serious nonpurulent complications of rheumatic fever and glomerulonephritis. Recent information suggests that rheumatic fever is associated with infection by certain rheumatogenic serotypes (M1, M3, M5, M6, M18, and M19), while glomerulonephritis follows infection by nephritogenic serotypes (M2, M12, M49, M57, M59, and M60).
Glomerulonephritis and rheumatic fever occur following the infection, after a period of latency following the infection, during which the patient is asymptomatic. The latency period for glomerulonephritis is approximately 10 days, and for rheumatic fever the latency period is 20 days.
Useful For Suggests clinical disorders or settings where the test may be helpful
Demonstration of acute or recent streptococcal infection
Interpretation Provides information to assist in interpretation of the test results
Elevated values are consistent with an antecedent infection by group A streptococci. Although the antistreptolysin O (ASO) test is quite reliable, performing the anti-DNase is justified for 2 primary reasons. First, the ASO response is not universal. Elevated ASO titers are found in the sera of about 85% of individuals with rheumatic fever; ASO titers remain normal in about 15% of individuals with the disease. The same holds true for other streptococcal antibody tests: a significant portion of individuals with normal antibody titers for 1 test will have elevated antibody titers for another test. Thus, the percentage of false-negatives can be reduced by performing 2 or more antibody tests. Second, skin infections, in contrast to throat infections, are associated with a poor ASO response. Patients with acute glomerulonephritis following skin infection (post-impetigo) have an attenuated immune response to streptolysin O. For such patients, performance of an alternative streptococcal antibody test such as anti-DNase B is recommended.
Cautions Discusses conditions that may cause diagnostic confusion, including improper specimen collection and handling, inappropriate test selection, and interfering substances
The use of the antistreptolysin O (ASO) for the diagnosis of an acute group A streptococcal infection is rarely indicated, unless the patient has received antibiotics that would render the culture negative. There are certain limitations to the use of the ASO test in these circumstances due to the delay and attenuation of the immune response following early antibiotic therapy. False-high titers may be obtained with sera that are contaminated by certain bacterial organisms during shipment or storage and in patients with liver disease where the presence of high lipoprotein concentrations in the serum may mimic antibody activity.
Reference Values Describes reference intervals and additional information for interpretation of test results. May include intervals based on age and sex when appropriate. Intervals are Mayo-derived, unless otherwise designated. If an interpretive report is provided, the reference value field will state this.
<5 years: < or =250 U/mL
5-17 years < or =375 U/mL
> or =18 years: < or =300 U/mL
Clinical References Provides recommendations for further in-depth reading of a clinical nature
Ayoub EM, Harden E: Immune response to streptococcal antigens: diagnostic methods. In Manual of Clinical and Laboratory Immunology. Fifth edition. Edited by NR Rose, EC de Marco, JD Folds, et al. Washington, DC, ASM Press, 1997


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The German Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (BAuA)
published a study conducted by Mrs Anna Wirtz on the impact of longer working hours on health and Safety of Workers. The study shows a clear impact on Worker's health and safety.
The Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (BAuA) conducts research and development in the field of safety and health at work, promotes the transfer of knowledge into practice, advises policymakers and performs sovereign functions - under hazardous substances law, in product safety and with the health data archive. The BAuA is a governmental research institution within the purview of the Federal Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs.
Download the report in PDF (German)
See Part II: Observations : Working Time p.627
Download the report in English, French, Spanish
Download the PDF file
The initial Working Time Directive of 23 November 1993[1] made provision in Article 5 for a minimum weekly rest period, which "shall in principle include Sunday".
On 12 November 1996 the European Court of Justice (ECJ) annulled this provision. The Court found "that the Council has failed to explain why Sunday, as a weekly rest day, is more closely connected with the health and safety of workers than any other day of the week."[2] It follows from the Court's reasoning, that the protection of Sunday as such does not fall outside the scope of the Directive, but simply that there had not been sufficient reason to explain why Sunday as a weekly rest day contributes more than any other day of the week to the health and safety of workers. A provision aiming at including Sunday, as a weekly rest day, in any future revised Working Time Directive is therefore to be welcomed if the European lawmaker delivers on the ECJ's tacit invitation to demonstrate that Sunday is more closely connected with the health of workers than any other day of the week.
In its judgement (G 66/11-8) of 14 June 2012 the Austrian Constitutional Court confirmed that the prohibition on shop opening on Sundays and bank holidays is consistent with the Austrian constitution. The overall objectives of shop closing or opening hours are: the protection of the interests of consumers, the aims of the competition regime and the socio-political function. All of these objectives would be in the public interest, says the Court.
The National Court is Spain gave unions satisfaction. Supermarket employees will be entitled to at least five weekends off a year, regardless of the fact that their workload is divided over 4, 5 or 6 days a week. The National Court gave satisfaction to the CCOO and UGT unions against the sector's employers' organizations, which claimed that this right was reserved to 6 days a week. (Ref. 120408)
ANCI and the three Italian unions CGIL, CISL and UIL have decided to develop a permanent discussion table on the topic of liberalisations of working hours and openings of stores, norm included in the "Salva Italia" act, on which it is necessary to reflect and evaluate also in regard to possible effects and implication.


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Portland, OR (Sports Network) - David Lee poured in a game-high 24 points to go with eight rebounds, leading the Golden State Warriors to a 101-97 victory over the Portland Trail Blazers in a preseason game at the Rose Garden.
Klay Thompson netted 19 points and Carl Landry came off the bench to post 18 points and six rebounds for the Warriors. Brandon Rush contributed 16 points and Jarrett Jack scored nine points and registered a game-high nine assists.
LaMarcus Aldridge led the Trail Blazers with 18 points, while Nicolas Batum scored 15. Damian Lillard also scored 15 points and dished out a team-high seven assists, and Wesley Matthews hit all eight of his free throws on the way to a 14-point night for Portland.
Down 96-92 with just over a minute to play, the Trail Blazers' Sasha Pavlovic hit a 3-point shot from the top of the key to make it a one-point game. However, Thompson hit three free throws and Jack hit a running layup in the final minute of play, helping the Warriors hold off Portland down the stretch.
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Paloma Faith (born Paloma Faith Blomfield; 21 July 1985) is an English singer-songwriter and actress. In 2009, she released her debut single "Stone Cold Sober" and her debut album, Do You Want the Truth or Something Beautiful?, which was certified Platinum by the British Phonographic Industry. Her album stayed within the top 40 album charts for over forty weeks. The album has spawned five singles: "Stone Cold Sober", "New York", title track "Do You Want the Truth or Something Beautiful?", "Upside Down" and "Smoke & Mirrors". Faith has also recorded the theme song to the 2010 British film 22.214.171.124 and appeared on the charity record, "I Put a Spell on You". Faith made her feature film debut in the 2007 remake of St Trinian's. She has since appeared in two more feature films, The Imaginarium of Doctor Parnassus and Dread. In March 2010, Faith revealed that she is working on a second album.
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