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Topic: levels (Read 9304 times)
Mark D Segal
Sr. Member
Posts: 7748
Reply #20 on:
June 15, 2005, 10:30:17 PM »
Jonathan, Jack et. al.
OK, I have gone to the Temple Mount, communed with an authoritative Guru (who will remain un-named because I didn't ask permission to attribute) and thought further about this myself.
Bottom line: in principle you are correct: any curve shift alters the color balance, BUT in practice the impact depends on the specific situation. Quote: "If you move the endpoints of the individual channel curves in such a way that the midpoints don't move much, it won't affect midtone color balance." This is probably what was happening in the tests I performed, because on the other hand - quote: "Anytime you make differential edits to individual channels, you'll get color shifts somewhere. That's usually the reason for doing so, in fact."
It was an interesting exercise and somewhat insightful.
Mark D Segal (formerly MarkDS)
Author: "Scanning Workflows with SilverFast 8....."
Mark D Segal
Sr. Member
Posts: 7748
Reply #21 on:
June 16, 2005, 09:00:41 AM »
Thanks for the acknowledgement Jonathan - no harm attaining a bit of wisdom now and then - and I think the points you added also answer Peter McLennan's query with the added clarification that unless the shapes of the histograms of the channels underlying the composite are identical, when you tweak the composite channel that tweak is a uniform move operating on each of the underlying channels that by definition have different starting structures, hence the actual resulting change to each channel will differ thereby altering the color balance.
Mark D Segal (formerly MarkDS)
Author: "Scanning Workflows with SilverFast 8....."
Posts: 1
Reply #22 on:
July 13, 2005, 01:28:48 PM »
Anyone care to explain the difference in terminology between tonal range and dynamic range? I assume that dynamic range relates to bit depth from black to white, where tonal range refers to just the range from black to white?? These terms seem to be used interchangably at times.
Thanks, Byron
Mark D Segal
Sr. Member
Posts: 7748
Reply #23 on:
June 12, 2005, 03:09:53 PM »
It isn't feasible to show 65000 levels in the chart, but if the image identification pane at the top of the Photoshop window says RGB16 you are nonetheless working in "16 bit", but in fact Photoshop in its 16-bit mode works with 32000+ levels, not 65000+. I don't know whether or not the conversion process from 12 bit images to 16 bit mode leaves or smooths gaps, but you wouldn't see them anyhow, the gradations are so many. In levels you adjust the composite RGB channel for changing overall luminosity (contrast and brightness). You would adjust the individual R,G,B channels for two reaons: (1) also to change luminosity, but making sure you don't clip any highlights or shadows in any of the three channels, or (2) to intentionally rebalance colors of an off-color image. "Curves" gives you much more control and flexibility for all of these purposes, but using Levels is often sufficient and convenient.
Mark D Segal (formerly MarkDS)
Author: "Scanning Workflows with SilverFast 8....."
Jonathan Wienke
Sr. Member
Posts: 5829
Reply #24 on:
June 14, 2005, 11:36:25 AM »
I thought that adjusting the RGB's indivually would be good for changing the luminosity, however, when I tried moving the levels of each colour individually to their upper and lower limits (without clipping any of them) it alters the colour balance. Do you have any idea why this would happen?
That would be because altering the value of one color channel vs another is how you get different colors in a digital image. Your question is sort of like asking why fire is hot.
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Jonathan Wienke
Sr. Member
Posts: 5829
Reply #25 on:
June 14, 2005, 07:40:25 PM »
Think back when you first got into digital photography - was all this stuff so immediately obvious to you, or did you have to read, learn, think and experiment?
In this instance, yes it was. Given that just about any color perceivable by human vision can be reproduced by altering the mixture of red, green, and blue color channels, it is totally illogical to think that altering one color channel by itself would
affect the color balance of an image. It's fairly simple logic:
Premise 1: RGB images encode a wide range of colors by mixing various amounts of red, green and blue. You can change one color to another by changing the red, green, or blue color values.
Premise 2: Using the levels control on one color channel in an RGB image will change the color values for that channel compared to the other channels.
Conclusion: The levels control, when applied to a single color channel, will change the color balance of the image, because the values for one color channel are being increased or decreased in relation to the other two color channels.
Think back to the recent thread about polarized sunglasses. The original poster claimed to be familiar with the operation and effects of a polarizer, and said he knew that his sunglasses were polarized, yet was sufficiently amazed by the fact that the polarized lenses actually did what they were designed to do that he felt it worthwhile to post his "discovery" to share it with the rest of us. But again, simple logic should make that instinctively obvious:
Premise 1: Polarizers can reduce or eliminate reflections on water.
Premise 2: My sunglasses' lenses are polarizers.
Conclusion: My sunglasses' lenses will reduce or eliminate my ability to see reflections on water when I wear them.
I don't mind answering questions that indicate the questioner put some thought and effort into posing the question, but when questions are asked that indicate either a total lack of understanding of the most basic, foundational concepts, or (more often) a near-complete non-use of critical thinking skills, it makes me (and others) feel like the driving instructor whose student asked how wheels work. At some point, it becomes difficult to distinguish legitimate questions from silliness posted with the sole purpose of being annoying. I know people say there is no such thing as a stupid question, but that isn't true; there really are stupid questions:
"What's the number for 911?"
"Do you think I should let my kids sleep with Michael Jackson?"
"My stripper girlfriend is cheating on me. If I married her, do you think she'd stop?"
I'm sure nobody would find it particularly helpful or useful or relevant if I posted a thread about how the sun rises in the east or how rocks are a bad choice of lens cleaning implements; where do we draw the line? I don't hate anyone, the primary goal of what I write is to get people to think logically and use more common sense. A little bit of that would go a long way toward answering a lot of the questions posted here and elsewhere.
My Personal Blog
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Mark D Segal
Sr. Member
Posts: 7748
Reply #26 on:
June 14, 2005, 11:39:42 PM »
Yes, OK, he could have done some more homework, and Yes, many people would find it obvious that recomposing color channels changes pixel values, while some don't; BUT THAT IS NOT THE POINT. No need to move on guys - just CHILL-OUT and be cool.
Mark D Segal (formerly MarkDS)
Author: "Scanning Workflows with SilverFast 8....."
Sr. Member
Posts: 473
Reply #27 on:
June 15, 2005, 12:43:45 AM »
It takes some understanding of what the Levels histogram is telling you in order to anticipate the likely result of a manipulation. Lets look at what happens to a grey pixel when we fiddle with an individual color channel in the Levels dialog. Assume our example pixel is 8 bit RGB mid-grey, thats R=128, G=128, B=128. Now select the red channel and move its mid-point to the left about half way to black. Photoshop will redistribute all pixels with a non-zero red value to a new brighter/higher red value. So our grey pixel now looks more red since the old value R=128 has been reassigned a some new higher value (~R=180 or something close to this). Also note that the Green and Blue values have not changed.
Try it. Pick any file you like and locate the Histogram pallet so you can see it while you manipulate the Levels dialog. Use the Histogram flyout menu and turn on [All Channels View] and [Show Channels in Color]. Now open the Levels dialog, select the Red channel and move the mid point up and down the scale. Watch what happens to the red channel histogram. Note this changes the white balance of the whole image since you are changing the relationship of RGB for each pixel.
I call it learn by fiddling. After four or five-hundred fiddles even I get it.
paul b. kramarchyk
Barkhamsted, Connecticut, USA
Eric Myrvaagnes
Sr. Member
Posts: 9378
Reply #28 on:
June 15, 2005, 01:13:16 AM »
In case you didn't recognise yourself Eric, the first paragraph was an impersonation of you. You can take comfort in the fact that I've sunk to the right level.
Dear Hovis,
I am sorry if my post offended you. Perhaps I was too subtle. I was not trying to insult you, I was simply acknowledging that Jonathan sometimes seems to have a short fuse, which is really too bad, because most of his posts are truly helpful.
The fact that you felt so insulted by my post really astonished me, so I went back to reread the entire thread to see what had happened. As I see it, you asked two very reasonable questions in your first post, and MarkDS gave what I thought were good answers to both. You then thanked him, and added a new question that did suggest to some of us that you really needed some basic help with color theory. MarkDS again gave a thoughtful response, as did Bernard.
Then Jonathan made his comment, that seems to me to be a bit over the edge. But your reply to him sounds to me as if you are escalating the conflict. Your comment and MarkDS's next comment both sound to me less courteous than Jonathan's original comment; nevertheless, he graciously apologized.
At this point mcanyes jumped in with an even more insulting and, to my way of thinking, unnecessary comment. The whole thread (at least the name-calling) should have stopped there, but it didn't. Jonathan tried to explain where he was coming from, and in so doing he poured a bit more gasoline on the fire. I added my comment, which was milder than any of the previous six comments (except for Jonathan's apology -- note that he is the only one who has apologized so far, except for me, and I really didn't mean to belittle your requests for information, so again I apologize.)
Jack then put his two cents in in support of Jonathan, who was being rudely pilloried by this time. And MarkDS rightly suggested it was time for all to "just CHILL-OUT and be cool."
You then took two more posts to insult me, when I was in no way trying to offend you.
One of the nice things about this forum is that there is, indeed, a place for questions at all levels. Stef-T is a beginner who has asked many good, beginner-level questions in a way that have prompted helpful responses. And there are certainly times when I have come close to asking questions that will bring down Jonathan's scorn upon my head. But I strongly urge you not to take any of this personally. For some people (such as Jonathan), a lot of these technical things do come really easy, so they have a hard time understanding why it's not so easy for other people. My brother is very much like that, and he can be a real pain in the sensor. In Jonathan's case, his posts that have good, accurate, useful information greatly outnumber the ones in which he loses his cool. I strongly recommend simply ignoring the latter and paying attention when he does say something you may find helpful.
And I hope you can lift yourself above the level you felt it necessary to sink to in responding to my post. And good luck getting a handle on the color management stuff. I for one don't find it easy.
-Eric Myrvaagnes
Visit my website. New images each season.
Sr. Member
Posts: 1604
Reply #29 on:
June 15, 2005, 08:13:16 AM »
(...) and just joined the site this month, I'd say the manners should start with you.
Just a minor comment:
That someone
at a particular date doesn't mean that one hasn't been reading for a longer period.
I think it should be allowed to be a "lurker" and then register when you desire to post something, and not just because that's what I did. It's a long-standing tradition on most bulletin boards, going back a couple of decades.
Also, how long one's been posting is
no excuse
for poor manners.
Poor manners are poor manners, no matter who's displaying them.
Mark D Segal
Sr. Member
Posts: 7748
Reply #30 on:
June 15, 2005, 12:04:32 PM »
I would like to suggest to my virtual colleagues that we put the subject of civility to rest - as it has been exhausted - and at the risk of getting Jonathan and Eric's dander up we return to the technical aspects of Hovis' basic question, because it isn't either that dumb or that obvious. To quote Hovis from near the start of all this:
<<I thought that adjusting the RGB's indivually would be good for changing the luminosity, however, when I tried moving the levels of each colour individually to their upper and lower limits (without clipping any of them) it alters the colour balance. Do you have any idea why this would happen? I'm sure I'm missing something but it seems to me that unless one actually encroaches into a colour (thus removing active pixels) it wouldn't be possible to alter the colour balance of the whole image.>>
You see, he wasn't asking about shifting mid-points, he was asking about the impact on color balance of filling the luminosity range by stretching each channel to the end-points without clipping, and wondering why when he did this the colour balance gets altered. None of us have done Hovis a service in the technical answers we've provided, me included. The fact is that his basic premise is correct - doing what he did should NOT alter the colour balance of the image, only the luminosity. I think what happened to Hovis is one of two things: (1) when he saw his image fall into a proper range of contrast and brightness he mistook this for a change in colours and/or (2) his adjustments to the end-points of the histogram may have looked accurate on the monitor image of the histogram but may have been slightly off in the actual numbers.
To satisfy ourselves that what I am saying here is correct, the empirical test is best implemented in Curves, where we have the detailed data we need for this and we can replicate the identical moves we make in Levels by shifting the white point to the left and the black point to the right (assuming black is lower left) for each channel up to the point that there is no clipping of anything anywhere. I selected a RAW image that failed to fill the luminosity range (especially all values much too far below the white point) and has enough grey in it to easily anchor a colour-neutral point. So I dropped an anchor on a natural grey point that had a value of level 171 in each of the RGB channels - perfect. The hypothesis is that if exactly filling the luminosity range of each channel without clipping alters colour balance along the range, then my resulting neutral grey point should change to unequal values of R,G,B. To test it, I very carefully adjusted the white and black end points of each channel's curve as far as I could without clipping; then I went back to measure the value of my anchor point: 235, 235, 235 bang-on neutral grey but brighter.
Then I selected another more colourful image and replicated the same procedure selecting a coloured anchor point and observing the impact on percentage composition of each of R,G and B to total RGB for that colour. My pre and post-adjustment percentages compared very closely, with slight variances I suspect due to limitations of visual accuracy in adjusting the end-points to the clipping point.
The discussions in Blatner/Fraser and Eismann referenced elsewhere in this thread don't really address this issue directly. Blatner/Fraser (page 306 onward) focus on what happens when you make adjustments to the COMPOSITE curve where clipping does occur in the underlying colour channels, while Eismann mainly discusses using Levels for color correction.
So Hovis, your initial premise seems correct; therefore, you may wish to consider the other reasons I suggested about why perhaps you didn't see what you thought you saw!
Mark D Segal (formerly MarkDS)
Author: "Scanning Workflows with SilverFast 8....."
Mark D Segal
Sr. Member
Posts: 7748
Reply #31 on:
June 15, 2005, 02:42:53 PM »
Shifting midpoint via the center gamma box or changing the black and/or white point doesn't matter. If you do
of these things to one color channel, you are altering the values of that channel relative to the other channels and will get a color balance shift.
Yes of course you are correct in this useful clarification, but just to remind - that was neither the question nor the full content of the test. It is about what happens when you adjust all three channels so the end-points of the three histograms are just at the clipping frontier.
Mark D Segal (formerly MarkDS)
Author: "Scanning Workflows with SilverFast 8....."
Jr. Member
Posts: 74
Reply #32 on:
June 15, 2005, 09:09:41 PM »
Hey hovis, if you're still reading this, you wrote:
I was wondering why; when working in 16 bit mode in both C1 pro and Photoshop are there only 255 tonal increments shown in the levels chart instead of the 65,000 or so that exist.
I just read a bit on this the other day in "Real World CS":
"For outrageous precision, CS even displays the 16-bit values - ranging from 0 to 32,768 - when you work on high-bit files." It also mentions how they still work with the 8-bit values "at least until we get used to thinking of midtone grey as 16,384."
So there's gotta be a way to turn that on. Just checked, and while it seems you can't get it in Levels (the boxes aren't big enough to show those numbers), you can go to the Info Palette - click on the little arrow for Options - and select "Show 16 values."
Jr. Member
Posts: 84
Reply #33 on:
June 16, 2005, 09:03:26 AM »
Thanks for all your replies, especially Mark for taking the time to really look at this.
It's been very interesting for me and I've learnt a thing or two, Jack's suggestion with the curves tool is very useful.
Thanks again all.
Jr. Member
Posts: 84
Reply #34 on:
June 12, 2005, 03:36:55 PM »
Thanks for your reply.
I thought that adjusting the RGB's indivually would be good for changing the luminosity, however, when I tried moving the levels of each colour individually to their upper and lower limits (without clipping any of them) it alters the colour balance. Do you have any idea why this would happen? I'm sure I'm missing something but it seems to me that unless one actually encroaches into a colour (thus removing active pixels) it wouldn't be possible to alter the colour balance of the whole image.
Jr. Member
Posts: 84
Reply #35 on:
June 14, 2005, 01:52:43 PM »
Hi Jonathan
learn some manners, if that's the best reply you can come up with don't bother. If you'd venture into someone elses world maybe you'd realise that you're not as bright as you think, or have you already tried that and this is the reason for your lack of courtesy. Things aren't always so straightforward for the uninitiated and remember that it's a person not a computer you are talking to.
Full Member
Posts: 119
Reply #36 on:
June 14, 2005, 04:02:00 PM »
You are the poster child for bad behaviour. There are a lot of comments on this forum, and other forums that are unnecessary.
Michael Canyes
Nikon stuff
Jack Flesher
Sr. Member
Posts: 2595
Reply #37 on:
June 14, 2005, 11:25:55 PM »
Hey guys...
I have to chime in on this one and defend Jonathan on this particular question. Simply stated, the question shows that the poster obvisouly did not even make an attempt to uncover a basic answer before posting his question.
Had he simply clicked the "help" button at the top right of the tool bar in CS, and then navigated to "index" then to "curves command" he would have seen several subheadings that give a great deal of insight to what the tool can do. Then had he clicked on one of the subheadings like "adjusting color balance and tonal range with" -- and gee, do I need to point out that this was more or less his original question -- he would have seen this as an initial explanation:
"The Curves dialog box, like the Levels dialog box, lets you adjust the entire tonal range of an image. But unlike Levels, which has only three adjustments (white point, black point, gamma), Curves lets you adjust up to 14 different points throughout an images tonal range (from shadows to highlights). You can also use Curves to make precise adjustments to individual color channels in an image. You can save settings made in the Curves dialog box for use in another image. See To save and reapply settings in a dialog box."
Maybe Jonathan and I need to move on...
more about me
Jonathan Wienke
Sr. Member
Posts: 5829
Reply #38 on:
June 15, 2005, 12:33:37 AM »
My ultimate goal here isn't so much to be the resident curmudgeon as to encourage people to learn how to fish instead of simply giving a fish to everyone who requests one. If people wish to debate my choice of techniques, that's fine, but I think we can all agree that most internet forums would improve significantly if more people spent a few moments checking the applicable help file or using the forum search tool or simply thinking through their question to see if it makes logical sense before posting.
My Personal Blog
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Eric Myrvaagnes
Sr. Member
Posts: 9378
Reply #39 on:
June 15, 2005, 01:20:10 AM »
That's a great experiment. I like your "learn by fiddling".
-Eric Myrvaagnes
Visit my website. New images each season.
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Despite claiming his fourth successive grand prix win, Lewis Hamilton concedes he was not the fastest driver in Spain - that was Nico Rosberg...
Despite claiming his fourth successive grand prix win, Lewis Hamilton concedes he was not the fastest driver in Spain - that was Nico Rosberg.
Although Hamilton dominated the field, including Rosberg, last time out in China, this Sunday the Brit found the going a lot more difficult.
Etching out a two-second lead over Rosberg in the first stint, Hamilton remained on the medium tyres in a bid to put further ground between himself and the German.
He did just that, building up an advantage of more than four seconds and he needed every tenth of that to keep his Mercedes team-mate at bay in the final stint when he was on the hard Pirellis and Rosberg the mediums.
Coming under immense pressure in the final laps, Hamilton held on to win by 0.636s.
"My first win in Spain means everything to me," said the new Championship leader.
However, it wasn't all fun and games as Hamilton had to work hard to keep Rosberg behind him.
"I was not upset, I was not fast enough today, Nico was quicker," he added.
"I struggled with the balance and needed to rely on my engineers.
"I was moving my settings up and down and fortunately I was able to keep Nico behind."
Speaking later to the BBC, Hamilton admitted Rosberg made life "very difficult" for him on Sunday afternoon.
"It was far from a perfect race," he said. "It was very difficult to focus when you are being pushed from behind but I had an oversteering car.
"It makes it so much harder to save the tyres. Nico Rosberg was catching me on the entry of corners today.
"I was watching a screen around the circuit and I could see how close he was to me!
"All I was thinking about at the final corner was not to lock up and not make mistakes and fortunately I did not.
"When you are under pressure, and you do not snap under pressure, that is when you know you have your stuff together. Pressure motivates me. Everyone has their breaking point but I have not found that."
The 2008 World Champion heads into the next round in Monaco with a three-point lead over Rosberg in the Drivers' Championship.
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Champion cyclist and Santos Ambassador Shane Kelly recently led 25 keen Team Santos cyclists on the second edition of the 'hardcore ride' in preparation for the 2012 Bupa Challenge. Read more
01 Nov 2011
President Gladstone Central Committee on the Ageing Edgar Allen, Rotary's Assistant Governor Len Woodman and GLNG Regional Manager Garry Scanlan.
Santos were delighted to hand over the keys to a new medical service bus last week which will provide much needed assistance to Gladstone residents requiring specialist out-of-town treatment. Read more
05 Oct 2011
Brisbane to Bridge participants: (L-R) Greg Sykes, Cangie Wu, Camila Eviston, Huw Mason, Tom Massey, (front) Dee Walsh and Khalee Field.
Santos' athletic proficiency was on show in September, with more than 270 of the company's finest taking part in the Adelaide City-Bay and the Bridge to Brisbane fun runs. Read more
30 Sep 2011
Santos employees at the Brisbane to Bridge fun run.
14 Sep 2011
As part of the recent Asthma Awareness Week, the Asthma Foundation SA ran a public campaign, with support from Santos, to build awareness of the seriousness of the disease and the support that is available to sufferers. Read more
31 Aug 2011
Congratulations to everyone who took part in the Annual City to Surf in Perth.
Over a quarter of the Santos Perth office participated in the annual City to Surf fun run last weekend in perfect conditions. Read more
29 Aug 2011
Santos staff in Adelaide raising funds for the Cancer Council's Daffodil Day.
Santos employees in Adelaide raised $1,630 on Daffodil Day last Friday, 26 August, which has been donated to the Cancer Council SA. Read more
23 Aug 2011
Michelle & Will Reay.
A landholder near Santos' Ballera plant in Queensland has written to thank Santos and the Royal Flying Doctor Service for their role in helping save her son's life after an accident in April. Read more
03 Aug 2011
Shane Kelly spoke to school groups about the importance of health and fitness, and overcoming adversity.
Santos has continued its support of the Keegan Downes Memorial Sundowner Handicap cycling race, which was successfully held in sunny conditions on Saturday, 26 June.
Read more
01 Aug 2011
Santos' Manny Sessink and John Anderson with Shakespeare WA's Paige Newmark (centre) with the trophy.
The inaugural Santos Oil and Gas Industry Charity Quiz raised $26,000 for Homeless Connect, a one-stop-shop for homeless people in Perth.
Read more
05 Jul 2011
Santos' Teof Rodrigues and Jodie Blyzno with students at the careers expo in the Alberton Oval clubrooms.
Alberton Oval – the spiritual home of the famous Port Adelaide Football Club – resembled a vibrant festival recently as over 300 Aboriginal high school students converged for the annual Aboriginal Power Cup carnival. Read more
01 Jul 2011
Chris West, CEO Zoos SA, Maria Fidge, CEO Common Ground, and Santos CFO Andrew Seaton at the sleepout
Andrew Seaton, Santos' Chief Financial Officer, participated in the Vinnies CEO Sleepout held at the Adelaide Zoo recently, raising a total of $9,336, including almost $3,500 of employee donations.
Read more
30 Jun 2011
Winners, Phil North and Greg Cowley with Asthma Foundation CEO, David Bedson
Santos employees raised more than $6,500 for the Asthma Foundation's Take a Breather Charity Challenge: Rogaining recently, a five-fold increase on 2010.
Read more
24 Jun 2011
Santos CFO, Andrew Seaton & NRF President, Dr Brian North AO.
The Dean Bowman Brain Tumour Research Laboratory was officially opened at the University of Adelaide recently to investigate the causes behind one of Australia's most aggressive and least understood cancers. Read more
26 May 2011
One of Santos' major community partners, The Smith Family, is conducting its Back-to-School Appeal, which provides educational support to Australian children in need.
Read more
20 May 2011
Santos' team looking stylish as ever.
Santos employees participated in The NISSAN/BRW Corporate Triathlon on the Gold Coast. Read more
19 May 2011
Santos Energisers.
Two Santos teams took on Cycling South Australia's Cyclo Sportif over the past six months, enhancing the company's reputation for cycling prowess and style. Read more
11 May 2011
Captains Starlight with fans Emily and Ashton Lamshed (who belong to Santos' Mel Lamshed).
Santos employees in Adelaide raised $1,330 on Starlight Day last Friday, 7 May, which has been donated to the Starlight Children's Foundation. Read more
06 Apr 2011
The cutting of the cake officially marked the opening of South Australia's new Starlight Express Room.
South Australia's first Starlight Express Room, established with support from Santos, was officially opened on Tuesday at the Adelaide Women's and Children's Hospital. Read more
04 Apr 2011
Santos teams once again featured highly in the annual BRW triathlon held in Adelaide recently, with 80 Santos employees taking part and looking resplendent in their Santos tri-suits. Read more
15 Mar 2011
Santos has announced a $4 million investment towards upgrading the Roma Airport terminal, improving Community and Allied Health services, and increasing housing support in the Roma region. Read more
02 Feb 2011
Major fundraisers Forbes McIntosh and Richard McCormick had the pleasure of presenting the Ochre Leader's Jersey to Matt Goss following the Tour's third stage.
Santos employees who raised funds through the Cancer Council SA's Ride for a Reason program raised an impressive $37,036.40, making the group the largest fundraiser in Ride for a Reason. Read more
28 Jan 2011
Gladstone's health and housing services will receive a major funding injection following the recent announcement that the GLNG project has been given final approval by its partners. Read more
18 Jan 2011
A crowd of 108,000 watched yesterday's Cancer Council Classic.
The 2011 Santos Tour Down Under kicked off yesterday with 108,000 people watching the Cancer Council Classic around the streets of Adelaide's East End. Santos volunteers were out in force helping to raise money for cancer research. Read more
20 Dec 2010
Hugh Banister, Forbes McIntosh and Andrew McPhail riding for a reason in the foyer at the Santos Centre, Adelaide.
Santos employees are spending lunch breaks riding stationary bikes in the foyer at the Santos Centre, Adelaide, to raise funds for the Santos Tour Down Under charity, Ride for a Reason. Read more
07 Dec 2010
Back: Eamonn Montague, Damien Mavroudis, Serkan Arkan (captain), Joel Stockill, Marcus Godfrey. Front: William Cibich, John Cser, Adrian McManus, Romi Branajaya. Not pictured: Oliver Neate, Peter Kokkoni.
Santos has won its fourth Adelaide Corporate Challenge indoor soccer title in five years, dominating the season to continue its reign of supremacy. Read more
06 Dec 2010
Charles Underwood, Greg Cornish, Michael Jeffery, Andrew Yule, Joan Treweeke, David Pritchard, Dr Anne Wakatama.
Major General Michael Jeffery, former Governor-General of Australia, recently visited the Cooper Basin to inspect the Royal Flying Doctor Service operations at the Moomba Health Centre. Read more
03 Dec 2010
Adelaide's best mo-grower Scott Knoblauch with Santos' best fundraiser Adrian Masullo.
A record 106 Santos Mo Bros and Mo Sistas took part in Movember to raise awareness of men's health, successfully raising over $31,000 for Beyond Blue and the Prostate Cancer Foundation of Australia. Read more
25 Nov 2010
Emergency officer Jay Blood and technical specialist Bob Freschi shaking the boot.
Cooper Basin employees and contractors have raised more than $5000 as part of the Shake the Boot charity campaign, which will go towards the Adelaide Women's & Children's Hospital Newland Ward Burns Unit. Read more
19 Nov 2010
Footsteps team members Tony Lewis, Sam McMillan, Paul Dunn, and Andrew Corrick (absent) collecting their prizes from Andrew Antony.
A record 600-plus employees tested themselves and their pedometers in the 2010 Walk the Moomba Pipeline competition. Read more
28 Oct 2010
Santos employees raised more than $1200 for Slight For All, an organisation that works with Indigenous communities to treat preventable eye diseases, through an internal eBay-style auction of guernseys worn by participants in the Santos-sponsored Aboriginal Power Cup. Read more
22 Sep 2010
Santos' fastest, Andrew McCouaig, loosens up after the run.
Santos has again put in a record showing at Adelaide's City-Bay Fun Run, with 185 participants joining about 31,000 others for the annual event last Sunday. Read more
02 Sep 2010
Santos employees in Adelaide raised $1130 on Daffodil Day recently, which will be donated to the Cancer Council SA. Read more
17 Aug 2010
Santos' Gary Smith and Peter Moriarty with be active's Sue Turner.
Santos employees have yet again shown their excellence in sporting endeavours, taking out the 1000 metre fastest team and fastest senior swimmer awards in the 2010 Aquatic Team Challenge in Adelaide. Read more
29 Jul 2010
Signing the MoU at Nepabunna on 7 June 2010.
Santos is supporting a research program aimed at locating sustainable groundwater resources for Aboriginal communities in Australia's remote outback. Read more
01 Jul 2010
Into the wild: Adrian Marshall and Greg Cowley.
Santos employees raised a total of $1,575 for the Asthma Foundation of SA at the organisation's Take a Breather Charity Challenge: Rogaining. Read more
02 Jun 2010
The running team: Belinda Wu, Rob Lord, Michelle Lim and Clayton Warner.
Santos achieved great results including two bronze medals at the 2010 Queensland Corporate Games recently, marking a successful debut for the company in that event. Read more
21 May 2010
Santos employees in Adelaide raised $900 on Starlight Day recently, which will be given to the Starlight Children's Foundation for a project at the Women's and Children's Hospital. Read more
07 May 2010
Santos is supporting the Asthma Foundation of South Australia's Take a Breather Charity Challenge: Rogaining, which is being held next month. Read more
03 May 2010
Back: Simon Harmsen, Dan Solowij. Front: Damian Pontt, Brett Franklin, Gary Churcher.
A team from the Cooper Basin emergency services department collected 14 medals at the recent 2010 Australasian Police and Emergency Services Games in Hobart. Read more
20 Apr 2010
Employees handed out Santos clappers to the audience.
Santos employees volunteered at the opening ceremony of the 2010 Special Olympics Australia National Games in Adelaide on Monday, 19 April. Read more
14 Apr 2010
Back: Marcus Godfrey, Serkan Arkan, Fraser McLean, William Cibich. Front: Adrian McManus, John Cser, Romi Branajaya. Not pictured: Andrew Hodges, Eamonn Montague, Peter Min, Teof Rodrigues, Tomas Ganduglia.
Santos has continued its winning streak in the Adelaide Corporate Challenge indoor soccer competition, taking out its third title in four years. Read more
12 Apr 2010
Santos is a proud sponsor of the 2010 Special Olympics Australia IX National Games, which will be held in Adelaide from 19-24 April. Read more
16 Mar 2010
Santos Amazon Jasi Watson.
Santos employees have again excelled themselves in the annual BRW Triathlon, recording good results in Adelaide and Perth in recent weeks. Read more
11 Mar 2010
The Santos team.
A team of Santos' Perth employees have taken part in the annual Rottnest Channel Swim, a 20-kilometre slog from Perth's Cottesloe Beach to Rottnest Island. Read more
10 Dec 2009
Nearly $2000 was raised for the Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation in this year's Moomba Pipeline Challenge. Read more
21 Oct 2009
Photo by Catherine Lowe
The Stock Up for Hope charity drove, an event supported by Santos, has this year raised over $350,000 to support school chaplaincy services in regional Queensland communities. Read more
25 Jun 2009
Santos funding for the Asthma Foundation of SA will be used in a range of activities that increase the awareness of asthma in the community, and help people with asthma better manage their condition. Read more
18 May 2009
The Santos men (top) and Santos women (bottom) battle it out in the Crewzing 2009 final
Two Santos teams finished third and fourth in the Crewzing Corporate and Community Regatta, held in Brisbane on 17 May. Read more
20 Apr 2009
More than 40 Santos employees took part in the BRW Corporate Triathlon at West Lakes, Adelaide, with excellent results. Read more
Page last updated 09 Sep 2014
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Cheap Charlie's Backpackers Lodgeへの行き方
54 Nanai Rd., Phuket, Phuket Patong Beach, タイ
From the back side of Jung Ceylon Shopping Mall, continue up past Bazaan Market to Nanai Rd. Turn left at the Convenience Store on Nanai and we are about 100 meters on the left - Look for the palm tree, sky and beach mural on the walls - The Outside Inn Bamboo Bar in the front & The Rooftop Beach Bar on - you guessed it - the roof! - You can't miss it!


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Amazing Art Deco style, awesome racing action, and a reproduction quality you have to see to believe! This spectacular poster, imported directly from Europe by SportsPosterWarehouse.com, features the official poster of the seventh edition of the world's longest-running and best-known automotive race, the Grand Prix of Monaco. With some of his most bold, spectacular artwork ever, artist George Ham perfectly captured the excitement of racing, the beauty of the Monte-Carlo area, and the revolutionary artistic style of the era. This HUGE reproduction is of the highest available lithographic quality, printed on strong acid-free off-white archival stock with beautiful, vivid inks. Bring true 1930s style to your wall, and have your friends beg the question: is that an original?
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Extension > Garden > Yard and Garden > Fruit > Currants and gooseberries in the home garden
Currants and gooseberries in the home garden
On this page
Currants and gooseberries are closely related berry-producing shrubs well suited to home gardens throughout most of the Upper Midwest. Hardy and productive, they provide fruit useful in jams and desserts.
Red and white currants are both classified as members of the same species, Ribes sativum, while the less common European black currant is known as Ribes nigrum. Gooseberries of American origin are Ribes hirtellum or hybrids derived from this species, while the European type is Ribes uva-crispa. Gooseberries and currants, although closely related, can easily be identified by examining the canes and fruit color; gooseberry canes normally produce a spine at each leaf node and bear roughly grape-sized berries singly or in groups of 2 or 3, while currant canes lack spines or prickles and bear 8 to 30 smaller fruit in clusters (figure 1). A mature gooseberry or currant shrub can produce up to four quarts of fruit annually
Figure 1. Cane and fruit of (A) Gooseberry and (B) Currant
European-type gooseberries, although recognized as larger and better flavored than American types, are rarely grown in the Upper Midwest due to severe mildew susceptibility. Black currants, widely grown in Europe for their high vitamin C content, have historically been unpopular in the United States due to extreme susceptibility to white pine blister rust, a serious disease of the white or five-needled pine, Pinus strobus. Although white pine blister rust also can be a problem with commercially available cultivars of red or white currants and gooseberries, rust resistance in such cultivars is generally greater than with most black currants or wild stands of native Ribes species. Before planting any gooseberry or currant near a stand of white pine, contact your county extension office for up-to-date recommendations.
Most commercially available currant and gooseberry cultivars should demonstrate adequate winter hardiness for our region because they have proven hardy in testing to at least -30° F when fully dormant. However, while currants and gooseberries are, as a rule, well adapted for the Upper Midwest, very few cultivars have been fully evaluated in outdoor trials by researchers in Minnesota. Therefore, planting a cultivar that did not originate in the Upper Midwest that potentially rewarding, is much riskier. Although relatively few cultivars are available at local nurseries, many others may be found via mail-order sources.
Currant cultivars
Red Lake
This red cultivar was released by the University of Minnesota in 1933 and remains the best cultivar for the Upper Midwest. The shrub is vigorous and upright, producing long clusters of large, bright red berries.
Minnesota No. 71
Another red cultivar from the University of Minnesota, the shrub is vigorous and upright, producing medium clusters of large, good quality berries. Bears later than Red Lake.
An old cultivar from New York that is becoming popular again, this red cultivar is hardy and bears fruit earlier than Red Lake, but its canes have been reported to break easily.
This little-grown hybrid of European origin is especially resistant to white pine blister rust and may be useful where this disease is a problem.
This Canadian black currant cultivar is resistant to white pine blister rust and is worthy of trial in the Upper Midwest.
Gooseberry cultivars
Originating as a seedling from a European-type gooseberry, this cultivar was selected in Mankato, Minnesota. Fruit are very large, up to 1.5" in diameter, and are deep red when fully mature. Colossal has been reported to be vigorous, hardy, and, despite its European ancestry, tolerant of disease.
This introduction from North Dakota bears fruit in small clusters and has few thorns, making the medium-sized, pinkish berries easy to harvest.
A cultivar released by the University of Minnesota in 1957, Welcome is very hardy, has few spines, and produces dull red fruit of somewhat larger size than Pixwell.
Hinnomake Red
A newer cultivar from Finland, Hinnomake Red is reported to be mildew resistant and productive with flavor superior to American hybrids.
Finally, Jostaberry is a black currant-gooseberry cross that combines the characteristics of its parents. A vigorous shrub that produces large, black currant-like berries singly, it is currently under testing at the University of Minnesota.
Site requirements
Currants and gooseberries are highly tolerant of less-than-perfect sites. Although full sun will result in the healthiest, most productive planting, the shrubs can perform quite well on as little as half-day sun. A soil pH of 5.5 to 7 (moderately acidic to neutral) is optimal, but growth is fine in alkaline soils as well. Because named cultivars have root systems that are fibrous and shallow, they do not tolerate dry sites without supplemental water. Keep in mind that trees not only cast shade, but compete for water and nutrients as well; a planting location beyond the canopy of shade trees is preferable.
Because currants and gooseberries bloom very early in spring, their flowers are susceptible to late-season freezes; temperatures below approximately 28° F can cause damage that will significantly decrease yield. Therefore, a site that warms up more slowly in spring is preferable to a quick-warming location that encourages the plant to get off to too early a start. North-facing slopes and sites that experience winter shade would both work well.
If possible, prepare your planting site the fall before you actually plant. Because currants and gooseberries do not perform well under dry or waterlogged conditions, most soils will benefit from the addition of organic material such as shredded peat or compost before planting. Rid the proposed planting site of all perennial weeds as they are much more difficult to control after planting. Test your soil for pH and nutrient needs; professional soil testing may be done through your county extension office.
Plants ordered from mail-order sources are usually sent bare-root, while those purchased from a local nursery may either be bare-root or potted. Because you want your new shrubs to become established before the onset of hot weather, set out either bare-root or potted plants in spring as soon as the soil can be worked; do not be afraid to plant early in the season, as even a plant that is beginning to leaf out can tolerate temperatures as cold as 19° F. When handling bare-root plants, make certain to keep the plants cool and moist until they go into the ground; the delicate root systems must not be allowed to dry or become waterlogged. Just before planting, soak the roots of bare-root plants in a bucket of clean water for three to four hours.
Currants and gooseberries should be planted at least an inch deeper than they were in the nursery, in holes deeper and wider than their root systems. If lower canes are covered with soil to a depth of two to three buds, this will encourage a larger root system and the development of numerous renewal canes, a strategy that will maximize the useful lifespan of the plant. Plants may be spaced as close as three feet apart for a hedge-type system in rows at least six feet apart. Black currants are more vigorous and should be spaced four to five feet apart in rows at least eight feet apart. Currants and gooseberries are self-fertile, but research suggests that planting more than one cultivar results in better yields.
After planting, prune all canes back to four to six above-ground buds; the resulting low bud count encourages the development of vigorous new canes. At planting time you should also provide two to four inches of an organic mulch such as wood chips, pine needles, or compost. Mulching cools the soil, conserves water and suppresses weeds, actions that are preferable in a partially shaded site and essential in a sunny spot. Beginning the year after planting, renew mulch annually. If you use a low-nitrogen mulch such as wood chips or sawdust, you may need to apply extra nitrogen at fertilization. Signs of nitrogen deficiency include yellowing leaves (older leaves yellow first) and poor growth.
Care and pruning
Fertilize currants and gooseberries in early spring, before growth begins. Depending on the vigor of last year's growth, apply 1/4 to 1/2 pound of a balanced fertilizer (the ratio of nitrogen: phosphorus: potassium is indicated by the numbers on the bag; look for three numbers that are the same or close to it, such as 10-10-10) per bush. Apply fertilizer in a band around each bush, working it lightly into the soil from near the canes to a foot or so beyond the branch tips. A composted material rich in nitrogen, such as manure, also makes an excellent fertilizer and may be substituted for a balanced synthetic fertilizer. Because composted materials release their nutrients more slowly than synthetic fertilizers, apply such materials in late fall.
You should prune established currant and gooseberry shrubs to encourage vigor and fruit production, improve sun penetration into the bush, and maintain good air circulation to minimize disease. During the first three years of growth, allow four or five canes to develop per year, removing only weak or damaged wood. Beginning in the fourth year, prune out the oldest wood annually in early spring before growth begins. In addition, remove any weak new growth. A mature bush should have 9 to 12 canes once pruning is completed. Fruit is produced on one-, two-, and three-year-old wood.
There is no simpler way to tell when currants and gooseberries are ripe than to monitor the color and flavor of the fruits as they develop. When using the fruit for jam, you should harvest it before it is fully ripe so that natural fruit pectin levels will be higher. Cool picked fruit quickly, placing it in covered containers or closed bags to maintain humidity levels and prevent drying when storing fruit in a frost-free refrigerator. Promptly cooled berries will keep in the refrigerator for up to several weeks.
Disease and insects
Currants and gooseberries do not require extensive spraying to control pests in the Upper Midwest; careful site selection and good cultural practices such as mulching, pruning, and sanitation will minimize pest problems. Powdery mildew can be a serious foliar disease in some years and some locations; for control of powder mildew or another specific insect or disease pest, contact your county extension office.
Reviewed 7/2008 WW-01122


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Bar Code Equipment › Bar code Scanner › Honeywell Scanner › Honeywell Xenon 1900 › Honeywell 1900GSR-2USB-EZ
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Full specifications (PDF)
Manufacturer part number: 1900GSR-2USB-EZ


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Bamboo Page is an app for quick notes and sketches optimized for Windows 8. Capture your creative thoughts as quickly and simple as on real paper and share them instantly with colleagues and friends.
Import images or photos, draw or annotate on top of them.
Feel the control with the responsive pen- and marker-tool that accurately follows the movement of your hand. You can also choose from a variety of colors to write and sketch with.
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Posted In Sector 9 - Skate Team by admin Friday, July 29, 2011
Eric Geiselman's Rip Clip
The only thing better than a surf and skate clip of Eric Geiselman in South Africa is adding a Melvins song to it. And that's what this is.
South Africa MIni Edit from Eric Geiselman on Vimeo.


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I've noticed that if I grab two or more alcoholic beverages in rapid succession, my sight gets wonky and blurry. The length of time this effect lasts for seems to increase if I grab a larger number of bottles. Is it possible to pass out, if enough alcoholic beverages are consumed in rapid succession?
Take the 2-minute tour ×
Arqade is a question and answer site for passionate videogamers on all platforms. It's 100% free, no registration required.
No, as the game has no concept of 'passing out' at all.


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would be nice if there was either hooks on the sides of the signs, or if there was a seperate thing to put them on maybe to be at waist height to pull out the discs. just an added bonus, but would be cool to see in the future.
also thanks for moving the pins, i like a challenge. hole 17 is now way way way back there


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U.S. Marines from the 3rd Batallion yell to urge infantrymen to rush across the damaged Baghdad Highway Bridge, Monday, April 7, 2003, as they move forward into the city while under fire in the southeastern outskirts of Baghdad. (AP Photo/Boston Herald, Kuni Takahashi)
A government building burns during heavy bombardment of Baghdad, by U.S.-led forces Friday evening, March 21, 2003. In escalating the aerial bombardment of Iraq , U.S. commanders crossed a threshold in a psychological campaign meant to unravel the Iraqi government. They hoped that the promise of hundreds more airstrikes throughout the country, plus the advance of thousands of U.S. ground troops toward the gates of Baghdad, would compel key people in President Saddam Hussein's inner circle to turn on him, U.S. officials said.(AP Photo/Newsday, Moises Saman)
An anti-war protester with her mouth taped sits in the middle of New York's Fifth Avenue blocking traffic Thursday, March 27, 2003. Anti-war groups blocked busy intersections Thursday and staged a "die-in" to protest media and corporate "profiteering from the war." (AP Photo/Radcliffe Roye)
In this picture made available on Sunday, March 30, 2003, families are seen as they leave Basra in southern Iraq, across one of the town's bridges manned by British soldiers. (AP Photo/Dan Chung/Pool)
Army PFC Jessica Lynch, shown in this image from video released by the Department of Defense, is carried by U.S. special forces as she is removed from the Saddam Hospital in Nasiryia, Iraq, early Tuesday, April 1, 2003. (AP Photo/Department of Defense handout via APTN)
Lt. Jeffrey Goodman, left, and Lance Cpl. Jorge Sanchez, drag a wounded civilian away from his burning vehicle during an advance on Baghdad by the 2nd Tank Battalion Friday, April 4, 2003. The man was injured when he raced into the midst of a battle. (AP Photo, Cheryl Diaz Meyer, Dallas Morning News)
An Iraqi man comforts his 4-year-old son at a regroupment center for POWs of the 101st Airborne Division near An Najaf, Iraq in this March 31, 2003 file photo. The man was seized in An Najaf with his son and the U.S. military did not want to separate father and son. (AP Photo/Jean-Marc Bouju, file)
Iraqi civilians and U.S. soldiers pull down a statue of Saddam Hussein in downtown Baghdad on April 9, 2003. (AP Photo/Jerome Delay)
President Bush declares the end of major combat in Iraq as he speaks aboard the aircraft carrier USS Abraham Lincoln off the California coast, Thursday, May 1, 2003. The carrier arrived following a 10-month deployment including "Operation Iraq Freedom." (AP Photo/J. Scott Applewhite, file)
November 14, 2003 - Staff Sgt. Morgan DeShawn Kennon's sister Nicole Crawford and mother Paulette Crawford-Webb, in blue, listen as honors are accorded the Memphis native who was killed in Iraq last week. (Jim Weber/The Commercial Appeal
This is an image obtained by The Associated Press which shows an unidentified detainee standing on a box with a bag on his head and wires attached to him in this late 2003 file photo at the Abu Ghraib prison in Baghdad, Iraq. (AP Photo/File)
Captured former Iraqi leader Saddam Hussein undergoes medical examinations in Baghdad in this Dec. 14, 2003 file photo,in this image from television. (AP Photo/US Military via APTN-File)
Iraqis chant anti-American slogans as charred bodies hang from a bridge over the Euphrates River in Fallujah, west of Baghdad, in this March 31, 2004 file photo. Enraged Iraqis in this hotbed of anti-Americanism killed four foreigners Wednesday, including at least one U.S. national, took the charred bodies from a burning SUV, dragged them through the streets, and hung them from the bridge. This photograph is one in a portfolio of twenty taken by eleven different Associated Press photographers throughout 2004 in Iraq. The Associated Press won a Pulitzer prize in breaking news photography for the series of pictures of bloody combat in Iraq. The award was the AP's 48th Pulitzer. (AP Photo/Khalid Mohammed, file)
Members of the Imperial County Coalition for Peace gather on a hill in Bucklin Park in El Centro, Calif., Saturday March 20, 2004, after lighting 573 luminarias in honor of the U.S. soldiers who have died in Iraq, marking the one-year anniversary of our invasion of Iraq. (AP Photo/Imperial Valley Press, Kevin Marty).
A stunned Marine with Fox Company, 2nd Battalion, 1st Marine Regiment, wipes his eyes after learning that a fellow Marine in his platoon was seriously injured after being shot in an ambush while on patrol in Fallujah, Iraq, Tuesday, April 6, 2004. The Marine regained his composure and headed into the fight. Insurgents and rebellious Shiites mounted a string of attacks across Iraq's south and U.S. Marines launched a major assault on the turbulent city of Fallujah on Tuesday. Up to a dozen Marines, two more coalition soldiers and at least 66 Iraqis were reported killed. (AP Photo/North County Times, Hayne Palmour IV)
In this 2004 picture made by the US Department of Defense, flag-draped coffins of US war casualties are seen in Dover, Del. A website published photographs of American war dead arriving at the nation's largest military mortuary from Iraq and Afghanistan, and a NASA spokesman said that at least 18 rows of photos on the site were of the Columbia astronauts. The photographs were released to First Amendment activist Russ Kick, who had filed a Freedom of Information Act request. (AP Photo/thememoryhole.org)
U.S. Marines pray over a fallen comrade at a first aid point after he died from wounds suffered in fighting in Fallujah, Iraq, in this April 8, 2004 file photo. (AP Photo/Murad Sezer, File)
An Iraqi woman gestures as she tries to flee the fighting in the center of Fallujah, Iraq, Friday, Nov. 12, 2004. (AP Photo/Anja Niedringhaus)
Marine Lance Cpl. James Blake Miller, 20, of Kentucky, a member of Charlie Company of the U.S. Marines First Division, Eighth regiment, smokes a cigarette in Fallujah, Iraq, in this Nov. 9, 2004 file photo. Miller came to be known as the "Marlboro Man" for this iconic photograph from the Iraq War. (AP Photo/Los Angeles Times, Luis Sinco, file)
In this image taken from insurgents video released on Tuesday Jan. 25, 2005, Roy Hallums pleads for Arab rulers to intercede to spare his life. Hallums, 56, of Cordova, was seized Nov. 1 along with Robert Tarongoy of the Philippines during an armed assault on their compound in Baghdad's Mansour district in Iraq. ( AP Photo/APTN)
Ropate Naulu from Fiji, left, and Craig Heaven of Britain's Duke Of Wellington Regiment, fire Ilumination mortar rounds towards Basra, Iraq, Friday Feb. 4, 2005, to assist troops on the ground.(AP Photo/Andrew Parsons-pa)
An Iraqi man holds his walking stick as others line up at a checkpoint leading into the heavily guarded city of Fallujah, Iraq, Sunday, Feb. 6, 2005. Three months after the offensive on Fallujah, Iraqis return to the city facing several security checks set up by Marines of the 1st Division and the Iraqi army. (AP Photo/Anja Niedringhaus)
Minibus driver Ammar Kadim, left, sits down after being treated for injuries caused by a bomb explosion outside an Iraqi army base in central Baghdad, Iraq, in this March 2, 2005 file photo. (AP Photo/Khalid Mohammed, File)
Picture released by the U.S. Army Tuesday, May 3, 2005 shows a U.S. Army soldier comforting a child fatally wounded in a car bomb blast in Mosul, 360 km (225 miles) northwest of Baghdad, Iraq, Monday, May 2, 2005. 15 Iraqis were wounded in the combined suicide bomb attack. (AP Photo/Michael Yon via U.S. Army)
Anti-war protester Cindy Sheehan holds a candle as she protests outside the White House Wednesday, Oct. 26, 2005. Sheehan's son Casey was killed in Iraq. (AP Photo/Lauren Victoria Burke)
Iraqi orphans wait at the Iraqi Accord Front headquarters to receive toys which will be donated by the Head of Ahal al-Iraq (People of Iraq) movement Adnan Dulimi on the occasion of the Eid al-Fitr holiday, in Baghdad, Iraq, Saturday, Nov. 5, 2005. (AP Photo/Khalid Mohammed)
People gather to shout anti-government slogans during a demonstration in Kut, Iraq, about 160 kilometers (100 miles) southeast of Baghdad, Sunday, March 5, 2006. Thousands of Kut residents took to the streets to protest against the fuel shortage and hike in gasoline prices. (AP Photo/Razak Jaber)
U.S. Marine Cpl. Brad Bruce, center, of LaPorte, Ind., Cpl. Tyler Warndorf, right, of Hebron, Ky., and a translator, study a map before a patrol, in Ramadi, the capital of Iraq's volatile, western Anbar province, Sunday, June 25, 2006. While the number of U.S. troops stationed elsewhere in Iraq is expected to decline by the end of 2007, U.S. commanders are reportedly not expected to significantly reduce the number of American troops stationed in Anbar province. (AP Photo/Jacob Silberberg)
A U.S. soldier at a press conference in Baghdad, Iraq, takes down an older image, to display the latest image purporting to show the body of Abu Musab al-Zarqawi, the al-Qaida-linked militant who led a bloody campaign of suicide bombings, kidnappings and hostage beheadings in Iraq, who was killed Wednesday in a U.S. airstrike, Iraq's Prime Minister Nouri al-Maliki announced, in this June 8, 2006, file photo. (AP Photo/Khalid Mohammed/FILE)
An injured man is carried from the scene after a parked car bomb struck a police patrol killing five people and wounding 14, according to police, in the Karradah neighborhood of Baghdad, Iraq Saturday, June 10, 2006. (AP Photo/Hadi Mizban)
July 13, 2006 - Kenneth Sikes gets a last hug from Mary Cox as the 1687th Truck Company gets into formation before boarding buses to Camp Shelby. The Southaven Guard Unit will train there before deployment to Iraq. (Thomas Busler/The Commercial Appeal)
An Iraqi girl injured in a parked car bomb explosion near an electricity office, cries in pain at a hospital, in Baghdad, Iraq, Thursday Sept.21, 2006,killing two and injuring nine, police said, elsewhere in the city six policemen were killed when their western Baghdad station was hit with mortar and gunfire Thursday, while the U.S. military said an American soldier was killed by a roadside bomb in the capital.(AP Photo/Hadi Mizban)
Callie Bergeron 6, watches as the flag from the casket of her uncle and godfather Army Sgt. Jay Ryan Gauthreaux is presented to her mother Monique Bergeron, by Army Brig. Gen. Mike Rounds in Vacherie, La., Wednesday, Dec. 13, 2006. Gauthreaux was killed in Iraq Dec. 4 when a roadside bomb exploded near his vehicle while on patrol. (AP Photo/Alex Brandon)
A U.S. Army soldier from Company A of the 5th Batallion, 20th Infantry Regiment stands guard on a rooftop as an Apache helicopter passes overhead in New Baghdad, an eastern neighborhood in Baghdad, Iraq where soldiers searched for weapons and suspected insurgents on Wednesday, Dec. 27, 2006. (AP Photo/Darko Vojinovic)
This video image released by Iraqi state television shows Saddam Hussein's guards wearing ski masks and placing a noose around the deposed leader's neck moments before his execution Saturday Dec. 30. 2006. Clutching a Quran and refusing a hood, Saddam Hussein went to the gallows before sunrise Saturday, executed by vengeful countrymen after a quarter-century of remorseless brutality that killed countless thousands and led Iraq into disastrous wars against the United States and Iran. (AP Photo/IRAQI TV, HO)
Iraqi girl looks at a US soldier on a patrol in the Shiite enclave of Sadr City in Baghdad, Monday, March 19, 2007. U.S. soldiers have been patrolling the Shiite militia stronghold since March 4 under a deal which allowed them to enter the area without resistance.(AP Photo/Adil al-Khazali)
Iraqi police recruits stand goard during their graduation ceremony in Hillah, about 95 kilometers (60 miles) south of Baghdad, Iraq, Wednesday, April 18, 2007. 1500 policemen graduated after two month training. (AP Photo/Alaa Al-Marjani)
Iraq war veteran Sgt. Juan Arredondo, left, one of the first recipients of a bionic hand with independently moving fingers called the i-Limb, shakes a reporters hand during an interview Monday, July 23, 2007 in New York. Arredondo's bionic hand has finger "joints" that flex and bend like natural fingers. Each finger has an individual motor powering it, enhancing dexterity and allowing patients to do activities they were unable to do with previous prosthetics, such as shaking another person's hand and naturally grasping around round objects such as door knobs, fishing rods, and computer mouse. (AP Photo/Mary Altaffer)
U.S. Army troops from Alpha Company, 1st Battalion, 5th Cavalry Regiment, 2nd Brigade, 1st Cavalry Division pray in a circle prior to the start of a census operation in the Amariyah neighborhood of west Baghdad, Iraq on Friday, Aug. 3, 2007.(AP Photo/Petr David Josek)
Jared Wickham, of the 388th Battalion Logistics Unit, cradles his three-week-old son, Jayten, prior to Jared's deployment to Iraq on Wednesday, Aug. 8, 2007, after a deployment ceremony in Hays, Kan. (AP Photo/Hays Daily News, Jeff Giraldo)
Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice, right, is confronted by CodePink member Desiree Sairooz,her hands painted red, as she arrives to testify on Capitol Hill in Washington, Wednesday, Oct. 24, 2007, before the House Foreign Relations Committee hearing regarding US policy in the Middle East ,where she spoke about Iraq, Iran, and the Israel Palestinian conflict. (AP Photo/Charles Dharapak)
January 5, 2008 - Mississippi National Guardsmen of the 1687th Transportation Company, Staff Sgt. William Bibbs (foreground center) , of Winona, Miss; Spc. Derrick Booth (left, rear) of Horn Lake, Miss; and Sgt. Luke Bell (right, rear) of Hernando, Miss. watch a video tribute to the men and women of the company during a homecoming celebration at the DeSoto Civic Center. The Southaven-based unit returned in the Fall of 2007 from a tour of duty in Iraq. (Jeff McAdory/The Commercial Appeal)
January 7, 2008 - Jennifer Rollo hugs her husband, Spc. Chris Rollo before he boarded a bus at the Arkansas National Guard Armory in Forrest City, Monday morning. It will be Rollo's second deployment to Iraq. Approximately 110 soldiers with the Forrest City based, Company C, 2nd Battalion, and the Brinkley based, Detachment 1, Company C, both with the 2nd Battalion, 153rd Infantry Regiment, 39th Infantry Brigade Combat Team left Forrest City Monday morning. They were amongst the last wave of some 3200 Arkansas troops bound for mobilization training (at Camp Shelby, Miss.) before deployment in support of Operation Iraqi Freedom. After training, soldiers will head to Iraq. (Jeff McAdory/The Commercial Appeal)
A U.S. army soldier from Ghostrider Company, 3rd Squadron, 2nd Stryker Cavalry Regiment runs for cover during Operation Phantom Phoenix in the village of Abu Musa on the northern outskirts of Muqdadiyah, in the volatile Diyala province, about 90 kilometers (60 miles) north of Baghdad, Iraq, Thursday, Jan. 10, 2008. Facing another decision about U.S. troop levels in Iraq by spring, U.S. President Bush said Saturday Jan. 12, 2008 it's "fine with me" if generals recommend no more reductions than those already planned to take the force posture down to about 130,000. (AP Photo/Marko Drobnjakovic)
U.S. Army Staff Sgt. William Lambert, 30, from Plainview, Ark. shares his rations with an Iraqi boy in Beijia village in Arab Jabour, south of Baghdad, Iraq, Monday, Feb. 4, 2008. (AP Photo/Maya Alleruzzo)
Shiite pilgrim watches a procession in the holy city of Karbala, Iraq, Wednesday, Feb. 27, 2008, during Arbaeen religious holiday to mark the 40th day following the anniversary of the death of Imam Hussein, one Shiism's major figures, who is buried here. (AP Photo/ Ahmed Alhussainey)
A US soldier of 3rd Brigade Combat team, 3rd Infantry Division leads a wounded man as an Iraqi volunteer civilians runs past, after a roadside bomb explosion during the Sukhumi clearing operation at Al-leg area about 60 kilometers (40 miles south of Baghdad, Iraq, on Friday, March 7, 2008. Five Iraqi people were wounded in this incident. ( AP Photo / Petros Giannakouris)
A U.S. Army soldier from K Troop, Third Squadron, Third Armored Cavalry Regiment, exits a warehouse after searching for bomb-making materials in Mosul, Iraq Tuesday, March 25, 2008. The northern city is considered by the U.S. military as the last urban stronghold for al-Qaida in Iraq. (AP Photo/Maya Alleruzzo)
An Iraqi Army soldier uses a flashlight to signal cars to turn off their headlights as a sandstorm envelops central Baghdad, Iraq on Sunday, April 27, 2008. Militants fired a salvo of rockets or mortars at the heavily guarded Green Zone on Sunday, apparently were taking advantage of a sandstorm that blanketed the Iraqi capital Sunday and grounded U.S. helicopters and drones that normally track their activities. (AP Photo/ Khalid Mohammed)
U.S. military service members take an oath at a mass re-enlistment ceremony in Baghdad, Iraq, Friday, July 4, 2008. 1215 service members re-enlisted Friday during an Independence Day ceremony at al-Faw palace at Camp Victory. (AP Photo/Marko Drobnjakovic)
An American soldier watches over kids as troops visited a school to donate school supplies in the Dora neighborhood of Baghdad, Iraq, Thursday,Oct. 16, 2008. (AP Photo/Karim Kadim)
October 27, 2008 - Frank Cheatham, who turned 35 on Monday, kisses his daughter Madison, 13, goodbye outside the James A. Gardner Armory in Dyersburg as he prepares to deploy to Iraq with the Tennessee Army National Guard's 168th Military Police Battalion. (Mike Brown/The Commercial Appeal)
US Army Command Sgt. Maj. Julia Kelley, left, of the 229th Brigade Support Battalion, 2nd Heavy Brigade Combat Team, 1st Infantry Division, weeps as she watches the inauguration of US President Barack Obama at Camp Liberty in Baghdad, Iraq, Tuesday, Jan. 20, 2009. "We have a new commander in chief," exclaimed Command Sgt. Maj. Julia Kelley, 47, of Billings, Montana. "It was an awesome feeling, due to the change. And it's always a change when we get a new commander in chief." Across Iraq, many of the 140,000 U.S. service members here watched the inaugural ceremony on television sets in dining halls and break rooms or on the Web at large installations with Internet service.(AP Photo/Maya Alleruzzo)
Detainees pray at a U.S. military detention facility Camp Bucca, Iraq, Monday, March 16, 2009. The United States aims to shut down its largest detention center, Camp Bucca, by 2010. More than 9,600 detainees who were captured as national security threats over the last four years are still being held there; at its peak, the prison located 340 miles southeast of Baghdad held 26,000 detainees. Under the Jan. 1 security agreement with Iraq, the U.S. has released more than 18,000 detainees so far this year and expect to release as many as 1,300 each month. (AP Photo/Dusan Vranic)
A U.S. army soldier from Warrior Battery, 2nd Battalion, 82nd Field Artillery Regiment, walks by a Ferris wheel as his unit patrols eastern Mosul, 360 kilometers (225 miles) northwest of Baghdad, Iraq, Friday, April 3, 2009. U.S. President Barack Obama is known to want all U.S. combat troops out of Iraq by September 2010 and remaining American forces home by late 2011.(AP Photo/Marko Drobnjakovic)
April 15, 2009 - Specialist Herbert Hammonds gets a group hug from his family Tamya (6), left, Herbert Jr. (10), Tamarcus (13), and his wife Tamara as soldiers from the Tennessee Army National Guard 1174th Transportation Company in Memphis say their good byes to family members at the guard armory before leaving Wednesday morning on the first leg of deployment to Iraq. (Jim Weber/The Commercial Appeal)
A U.S. Army soldier from Bulldog Co., 3rd Battalion, 8th Cavalry Regiment , squeezes through a metal door with the help of a comrade and an Iraqi policeman during a joint search operation in Mosul, 360 kilometers (225 miles) northwest of Baghdad, Iraq, Wednesday, April 22, 2009. U.S. troops and Iraqi security forces are making a push through the west side of the northern Iraqi city, considered to be the last urban stronghold for al-Qaida in the country. (AP Photo/ Maya Alleruzzo)
Iraqi National Police patrol in central Baghdad, Iraq, Tuesday, June 30, 2009. U.S. troops pulled out of Iraqi cities on Tuesday in the first step toward winding down the American war effort by the end of 2011. (AP Photo/Hadi Mizban)
August 15, 2009 - Fourteen Marines from the Memphis area returned from Iraq as part of the first locals brought back in the recently announced troop cutbacks in the war. They arrived at Memphis International Aiport Saturday afternoon on two separate flights from San Diego. About 100 members of the Patriot Guard were on hand to provide escort as well as to welcome them home. LCPL David A. Clanton, 20, of Walnut, MS is greeted by well wishers after arriving Saturday. (Mike Maple/The Commercial Appeal)
Layla Mohammed is treated for head wounds after a massive bomb attack on the Foreign Ministry in Baghdad, Iraq, Wednesday, Aug. 19, 2009. A series of deadly explosions targeting government and commercial buildings struck Baghdad Wednesday, killing dozens and wounding more than 300, Iraqi police and medical officials said. (AP Photo/Adil al-Khazali)
Electoral workers sit in front of piles of ballot boxes at a counting center in Baghdad, Iraq, Monday, March 8, 2010. The conclusion of Sunday's vote does not spell an immediate end to Iraq's political uncertainty, as it could be days until results come in and with the fractured nature of Iraqi politics, months to form a government. (AP Photo/Karim Kadim)
An Iraqi woman react at the scene of a blast in central Baghdad, Iraq, Tuesday, April 6, 2010. Massive explosions hit apartment buildings across Baghdad on Tuesday, killing at least 11 people and wounding scores more in the latest sign that Iraq's fragile security could dissolve in the chaos of the country's unresolved election. (AP Photo/Karim Kadim)
In this Tuesday, July 13, 2010 file photo, U.S. Army soldiers from 2nd Brigade, 10th Mountain Division board a C-17 aircraft at Baghdad International Airport as they begin their journey to the United States. President Barack Obama on Friday Oct. 21, 2011 declared an end to the Iraq war, one of the longest and most divisive conflicts in U.S. history, announcing that all American troops would be withdrawn from the country by year's end. (AP Photo/Maya Alleruzzo, File)
University graduates are seen during a graduation ceremony in Baghdad, Iraq, Thursday, Aug. 5, 2010. A group of some 300 students graduated from al Nahrain University in Baghdad on Thursday. (AP Photo/Khalid Mohammed)
Janet Allegra, of Ellington, hugs her son Spc. John Allegra IV at the Army aviation support facility in Windsor Locks, Conn., Wednesday, Aug. 25, 2010. About 110 soldiers of the 250th Engineer Co. Connecticut National Guard who were deployed to Iraq last winter have returned home. (AP Photo/Jessica Hill)
In this Nov. 30, 2010 file photo, members of 1st Brigade, 3rd Infantry Division, based at Fort Stewart, Ga., sit in the belly of a C-17 aircraft at Sather Air Base in Baghdad as they begin their journey home after a year in Iraq. President Barack Obama on Friday Oct. 21, 2011 declared an end to the Iraq war, one of the longest and most divisive conflicts in U.S. history, announcing that all American troops would be withdrawn from the country by year's end. (AP Photo/Maya Alleruzzo, File)
A convoy of Iraqi security force vehicles rolls through al-Noor village during a joint operation in al-Noor village in Kirkuk province, north of Baghdad, Iraq, Wednesday, Nov. 10, 2010. Several men were detained during a sweep by Iraqi police and Iraqi Army soldiers of several villages thought to be insurgent havens. U.S. troops were on hand to advise and assist if necessary. (AP Photo/Maya Alleruzzo)
Handcuffed al-Qaida-linked suspects sit in the terrorist combat and organized crime department in Baghdad, Iraq, Thursday, Dec. 2, 2010. Iraq's interior minister called Thursday for the death penalty for a group of 39 al-Qaida-linked suspects even before they have been put on trial for allegedly plotting to bomb targets in Baghdad. (AP Photo/Hadi Mizban)
Vietnam veteran Steve Leventhal stands in Chiacchio Southview Funeral Home, Thursday, May 5, 2011, in Trenton, N.J., as he salutes the flag-draped casket of U.S. Army 1st Lt. Omar J. Vazquez, 25, of Hamilton Township, N.J., who was killed April 22, 2011, during a mission in southern Iraq. (AP Photo/Mel Evans)
In this Sunday, Aug. 7, 2011 file photo. U.S. Army soldiers from D Co., 1st Battalion, 18th Infantry Regiment, confer during a patrol outside Contingency Operating Site Taji, north of Baghdad, Iraq. President Barack Obama says all US combat troops will come home from Iraq by the end of the year.(AP Photo/Maya Alleruzzo, File)
In this Aug. 8, 2011 file photo, U.S. Army Pvt. 1st Class David Hedge from Bealeton, Va., front, and fellow soldiers from 1st Battalion, 18th Infantry Regiment are bathed in rotor wash moments after arriving by Blackhawk helicopter for an operation to disrupt weapons smuggling in Istaqlal, north of Baghdad, Iraq. President Barack Obama says all US combat troops will come home from Iraq by the end of the year. (AP Photo / Maya Alleruzzo, File)
An unidentified U.S. army soldier from 1st Squadron, 7th U.S. Cavalry Regiment based in Ft Hood Texas reacts during a memorial service in memory of those who died in the Sept. 11, 2001 terrorist attacks at a U.S. base in Balad, Iraq, Sunday, Sept. 11, 2011. US soldiers based in Iraq took part in a special remembrance ceremony on Sunday for the tenth anniversary of the 9/11 attacks. (AP Photo/Hadi Mizban)
A young girl reacts as soldiers enter the hanger after returning home from a one-year deployment to Iraq as part of Operation New Dawn. 77 soldiers with the 1-158th Attack Reconnaissance Battalion returned home Saturday, Oct. 8, 2011 at the Lone Star Executive Airport in Conroe, Texas. (AP Photo/The Courier, Eric S. Swist)
U.S. Army Reserves Staff Sgt. Rubiel Cadavid, of Houston, gets a first-look at his 4-month old niece Abagail after returning home from a one-year deployment in Iraq as part of Operation New Dawn. 77 soldiers with the 1-158th Attack Reconnaissance Battalion returned home Saturday, Oct. 8, 2011 at the Lone Star Executive Airport in Conroe, Texas. (AP Photo/The Courier, Eric S. Swist)
President Barack Obama concludes his remarks in the briefing room of the White House in Washington, Friday, Oct. 21, 2011, where he declared an end to the Iraq war, one of the longest and most divisive conflicts in U.S. history, announcing that all U.S. troops would be withdrawn from the country by year's end. (AP Photo/Susan Walsh)


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121 Diamond Spring RoadDenville, NJ 07834
Looks like everyone is staying home to wrap presents, because we didn't get enough sign-ups for this event to have the cookie exchange! We'll have another opportunity to exchange cookies and recipes in February. We'll do a Valentine cookie exchange. Happy Holidays!
Join accomplished scrapbooker, Stamp-It-Up demonstrator, and card maker Alexandra Partington for a fun evening designing and creating your own Valentine's for all the special people in your life. No crafting experience necessary and all materials are supplied!
Join us on Tuesday December 11th at 7:00 pm to share holiday treats and recipes at our Second Annual Holiday Cookie Exchange! Bring 3 dozen of your favorite holiday treat to share (no chocolate chip please), 10 copies of the recipe, and something to bring home all your goodies!
We'll vote on our favorite cookie and the winner will receive a special prize!
Registration is limited to ONLY 10 participants.
Join us for the first annual Denville Library Holiday Cookie Exchange! Share some holiday cheer, a cup of cider and your favorite holiday treats. Then take a moment to fill out a thank you card for our troops overseas.
Please sign up in person at the library circulation desk to get instructions for the event! This is an adults only program!
Alexandra Partington, a Stampin' Up! Demonstrator, scrapbook, and card making instructor with over six years of experience will teach an introductory class in holiday card making at the Denville Library on October 11, 2011 at 7:00 pm.
Find us on Facebook!
© 2011 Denville Public Library. All rights reserved.
121 Diamond Spring RoadDenville, NJ 07834973.627.6555


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That famous story by O�Henry is often revisited at this holiday time of year. A young couple who are struggling financially have no money to buy each other the beautiful gifts they would like to give. Each of them has one possession they treasure: the husband, a gold watch that belonged to his father, the wife, her amazing long hair that reaches her knees. When the holiday arrives and they exchange their gifts, it turns out that the husband has sold his watch to buy special combs for his wife�s...
Tip of the Week
TIP OF THE WEEKIt�s the season for entertaining. Between the holidays, family gatherings and just needing an excuse to socialize during the long winter months, you�ll probably be organizing several fun parties and gatherings at your home.
Recap of the area's girls basketball action
Stark Parks' favorite K-9 ranger is turning 1. Join Gunnar and his handler, Ranger Jonathon Crock, on Dec. 20 to see the progress Gunnar has made on his first year on the job.
The Malone University School of Nursing and Health Sciences recently inducted its newest initiates into the Pi Chi chapter of Sigma Theta Tau.
Emily Davis, of Newcomerstown, recently performed in an instrumental recital at The University of Findlay.
Markilynn Hogle, a sophomore biology major from Millersburg, served as a member of Heidelberg University's chapter of Alpha Phi Omega, the national service fraternity, during the recent fall semester.
Heidelberg University announced that Joshua Hilgenberg, of Coshocton, is serving as a member of university's student alumni association.
University of the Mount Union announced that six local students performed in the university's Christmas Festival recently held at Myers Sanctuary of Dewald Chapel on the school's campus.
Tuscarawas County commissioners met with Mike Jones, director of the Tuscarawas County Metropolitan Sewer District, for 20 minutes in executive session to discuss possible litigation, and a personnel issue regarding a workers' compensation claim.


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Jaane Tu... Ya Jaane Na
Comedy, Romance
Meet Jai Singh Rathore ('Rats'), the most non-violent Rajput either side of the Aravallis. And meet, if you dare, the violent and passionate Aditi Mahant ('Meow').Whatever you do, do not pick a fight with her. She scratches. And abuses. If you do get into a scrap, take cover till Jai arrives, as he alone can calm our snarling wildcat. Never was there a less likely couple. Jai thinks Aditi's parents should have rinsed her mouth with soap when she was a child. Aditi thinks that Jai is the biggest coward she has ever encountered. Yet, Jai and Aditi seem perfect for each other (in some odd, distorted way, impossible to understand). Friends know this. Parents know this. Everybody knows this. But do Rats and Meow know? Can two people ever, truly, know the secrets of their hearts? And how do you know it's the real thing? When do you know it's love? Add to this quandary a quarrelling portrait, strange dreams of a desert warrior, a dope-head brother and his pet mouse, two Rajput 'cowboys', three ancestral conditions, a fateful night in jail, a climactic ride to the airport... and there, you have it: Jaane Tu... Ya Jaane Na!
Cast: Paresh Rawal, Naseeruddin Shah, Genelia D'Souza, Arbaaz Khan, Imran Khan
Produced by: Aamir Khan
Directed by: Abbas Tyrewala
Written by: Abbas Tyrewala
Running time: 2hr 34min
Opens: Jul 03, 2008 Limited
|Theaters for Today
Pick a day


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Is there a way to host an SDL surface inside another GUI component so that SDL is not at the top-level? For instance, could I put an SDL surface inside a Java JPanel or other widget?
Take the 2-minute tour ×
Game Development Stack Exchange is a question and answer site for professional and independent game developers. It's 100% free, no registration required.
The SDL website has several examples of how to do this: http://sdl.beuc.net/sdl.wiki/FAQ_GUI
I'm not sure about Java, but you can definitely do it in C/C++ with GTK+


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The Pasteur Museum
The Pasteur Museum is housed in the apartment where Louis Pasteur spent his final seven years and offers a rare behind-the-scenes look at the living and working environment of the world-renowned scientist. Visitors can gain a unique insight into his everyday life alongside his ...
At the cutting edge of biomedical research
The Institut Pasteur's scientific strategy focuses on developing original and innovative topics and promoting interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary cooperation and approaches. The Institut Pasteur teams have access to the technological resources ...
Teaching students from around the world
Ever since the introduction of the world's first "Technical Microbiology" course in 1889, teaching has been a priority for the Institut Pasteur. The Institut Pasteur has an international reputation for quality teaching that attracts students from all over ...
The mission of the Industrial Partnership team is to detect, promote, assist and protect the inventive activities from research (inventions, know-how and biological materials) conducted at the Institut Pasteur (and in some Institutes of its international network), and transfer there to industrial ...
With international courses, PhD and postdoctoral traineeship, each institute of the Institut Pasteur International Network (RIIP) contributes to the transmission of knowledge with the training of young researchers all around the world. In this context, doctoral and postdoctoral programmes, study ...
Head of Lab: Philippe Sansonetti
The "Unité de Pathogénie Microbienne Moléculaire" or "PMM Unit" is located at Institut Pasteur. It was founded in 1989 and has been associated with INSERM since its onset. Its central research topic has historically been the molecular and cellular analysis of bacterial pathogenesis. Our studies have been marked by a multidisciplinary approach encompassing genetics/genomics, cell biology, immunology and experimental medicine, with the permanent concern to validate in vitro data in in vivo models of infection. Our microorganism of interest has largely been Shigella, a model pathogen for the study of the rupture, invasion, subversion and inflammatory destruction of the intestinal epithelial barrier. Over the past 5 years, we have started to study the molecular interactions established between the intestinal microbiota and the gut epithelium. Our current aim is to establish a balance between the study of gut bacterial symbiosis leading to homeostasis, and its rupture by pathogens or dysbiotic conditions.
Molecular Microbial Pathogenesis Unit
Institut Pasteur
28, rue du Docteur Roux
75724 Paris Cedex 15
Tel. 33 1 40 61 30 95
fax 33 1 45 68 89 53
Place : At Institut Pasteur
Second Symposium in Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases (LabEx IBEID) "Risk Analysis in Current Viral Epidemics"
Place : At Institut Pasteur
International conference: "Nobel 50 years. Lwoff, Monod and Jacob as founders of molecular biology"
Place : At Institut Pasteur
EMBO Conference: Genetic Control of Development and Evolution


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Bridgeport Hospital offers hundreds of classes, events, and groups to help keep our community—and your family—healthy!
May 16: QUITSMART® SMOKING CESSATION PROGRAM. 6–7:30 p.m. Bridgeport Hospital Operations Conference Room, first floor. Next series of four classes: May 16, June 1, June 6 and June 13. Tuition: $75. Registration: 1-888-357-2396.
May 20: HIP OR KNEE PAIN? YOU CAN DO SOMETHING ABOUT IT! FREE lecture. 1:30 pm. Hilton Garden Inn, 25 Old Stratford Road, Shelton. Reservations: 1-888-357-2396.
May 21: BRIDGEPORT HOSPITAL'S POLKA DOT KIDS SERIES: "PETER GROSS & HIS AMAZING FLYING RODENTS." 12 noon & 2 p.m. Playhouse on the Green, 177 State Street, Bridgeport. Peter Gross and his puppets, Rocky the mind-reading raccoon and Stinky the fearless skunk, in a classic act that will delight children and adults. Before the noon show, staff from Bridgeport Hospital's PT Barnum Pediatric Center will be on hand with free gifts and health information for children. Tickets: $12. Call 345-4800, ext. 150.
AARP DRIVER SAFETY PROGRAMS. A two-part refresher course for senior drivers sponsored by AARP. Registration fee of $10 includes materials. For information on dates and locations: 1-888-357-2396.
LIVING WELL WITH DIABETES. Four weekly twohour classes. June 6, 13, 20, 27; at 3:30 p.m. or 6 p.m. Bridgeport Hospital Administration Conference Room, first floor. Registration: 1-888-357-2396.
LIVING WITH CANCER. Next meetings: May 9, 23; June 13, 27, 5–6:30 p.m. Bridgeport Hospital Cancer Center, 7th floor. For cancer patients, families and friends. Information: 1-888-357-2396.
LOOK GOOD....FEEL BETTER. Next sessions: May 10, June 14, 5–6 p.m. Bridgeport Hospital Operations Conference Room, first floor. American Cancer Society program; teaches beauty techniques to women undergoing radiation or chemotherapy. Registration: 1-888-357-2396.
OSTOMY SUPPORT GROUP. Next meeting: June 19, 2 p.m. United Visiting Nurse Association, 40 Lindeman Drive, Trumbull. For area residents and their families who have had a colostomy, urostomy, or ileostomy. Information: 1-888-357-2396.
BETTER BREATHING CLUB. Next meetings: May 27, June 24, 1:30–3 p.m. Bridgeport Hospital duPont Board Room, first floor. For people with chronic respiratory problems. Information: 1-888-357-2396.


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School of Christian Studies
Welcome to Charleston Southern University's School of Christian Studies. We offer bachelor degrees with majors in Christian Studies, Christian Studies with an emphasis in Biblical Languages and Student Ministry. Minors are available in Christian Leadership, Christian Missions and Church Planting, Christian Studies and Christian Worldview and Apologetics.
Equipping Christian Disciples for Every Calling
The School of Christian Studies exists to equip students to think and live as Christian disciples in their unique calling. Learning to think and live as a Christian disciple includes saturating oneself in Scripture, reflecting deeply about personal existence and vocation, living in community with other believers in a local church setting, critically examining non-Christian worldviews, serving others in need, and proclaiming the gospel to all people.
The School of Christian Studies recognizes that a Christian academic institution cannot produce a Christian disciple by itself. Nevertheless, through our teaching, preaching and writing we desire to play a formative role in the intellectual and spiritual growth of our students.


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Looking for certain days of the week, all the giveaways, your favorite rivalries, or maybe a little of each? The 2015 Astros 14-Game Flex Plan puts you in charge. You get to pick the games and seat locations that work best for you. Purchase your 2015 Astros 14-Game Flex Plan today!
All prices for 2015 are dynamic and will change based on market demand.
Dynamic prices can change daily.