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Saccharomyces uvarum Final Risk Assessment
(February 1997)
Saccharomyces uvarum is one species of a genus which has an extensive history of use in the fermentation and food processing industry. S. uvarum, also called S. bayanus, is referred to as a "wine yeast" due to their broad use in the production of wines. Taxonomically, S. uvarum is closely related to Saccharomyces cerevisiae. S. cerevesiae is the used extensively in the baking of bread and the production of beer. S. cerevisiae is the subject of extensive genetic research and genomic mapping. It is expected that research on S. cerevisiae will lead to greater understanding and better characterization of the entire genus including S. uvarum. Despite S. uvarum's broad use and exposure, there is no reported incidence of adverse effects to either humans or the environment.
History of Commercial Use and Products Subject to TSCA Jurisdiction
Saccharomyces uvarum has a history of safe use. It is widely used in the making of beer and wine and in alcohol production and is found most frequently in grape must and wine. The commercial use of the genus Saccharomyces arose from the fermentation of small grains and fruit for the production of alcoholic beverages. Schwann coined the term "Zuckerpilz" or "sugar fungus" to describe the small bodies in beer. The genus name, Saccharomyces, was derived from this term. At the present time Saccharomyces is not used for the production of socalled specialty chemicals (e.g., antibiotics, culturable enzymes, etc.); however, these yeasts are used to produce alcohol for beverages and industrial purposes. Alcoholic beverages are regulated under statutes other than TSCA, although the use of alcohol for industrial purposes may fall under TSCA jurisdiction (Stewart and Russell, 1985). There are also a limited number of reports in the literature about the production of specialty proteins (ElRefai et al., 1985).
Saccharomyces is the organism of choice for the production
of alcohols due to its high level of metabolic activity and its
tolerance of high alcohol concentrations. The selection of
species is based upon the stock (medium) used in the fermentation
system and the requirement for alcoholic tolerance. With the
rising costs of conventional energy sources there is a shifting
to "alternative" fuels which include the generation of alcohol
from various sources (Stewart and Russell, 1985).
A. Taxonomy and Characterization
Saccharomyces uvarum is, under most conditions, a poorly sporogenous yeast most commonly used in the production of alcoholic beverages and vitamin assays. This organism falls into the category of yeasts referred to as the "wine yeasts" due to the broad utility of these fungi in the production of wines. In addition to S. uvarum, the other fungi that comprise the wine fungi are Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the yeast used in the production of beer, Saccharomyces chevalieri, Saccharomyces bayanus, and Saccharomyces italicus (Rosini et al., 1982). The wine yeasts are characterized by both an ability to ferment sugars at a high rate and a high tolerance to alcohol. S. uvarum is a well-characterized species based on morphological and biochemical characteristics.
Morphologically, S. uvarum has been described as spheroidal, ovoid, ellipsoidal, cylindrical or elongate in shape. There are also some filamentous forms. The nonfilamentous forms can occur singularly, in pairs, or clusters. Strains of this species have been determined by the size of the individual cells.
Beyond the use of morphological criteria for taxonomy, scientists have historically applied the use of fermentation of selective sugars as criteria for speciation. However, the relative facility with which Saccharomyces spp. changes its fermentation patterns limits the utility of sugar metabolism as a criterion for speciation.
DNA homology studies have been employed as tools to delineate species within the genus but with conflicting results. Rosini et al. (1982) tested over 1,000 strains of yeast (classified as S. cerevisiae, S. uvarum, S. italicus, S. bayanus, and S. chevalieri) for DNA homology employing both reassociation and DNA composition. They found a high degree of relatedness between S. uvarum and S. bayanus. However, the DNA homology criteria was at odds with the conventional systematic criteria. The authors noted that despite the high degree of homology between S. uvarum and S. bayanus, the fermentation potential of the two strains varied substantially.
Despite the discrepancy between the phenotypic traits and genotype, there appears to be a weight of data that supports the inclusion of S. bayanus with S. uvarum. Martini and Kurtzman (1985) have presented what appears to be the definitive classification on Saccharomyces spp. They have noted theshortcomings of the current classification system and characters employed and recommended the use of DNA homology studies to develop the new scheme. The authors have proposed a reclassification of S. uvarum into S. bayanus. However, none of these organisms or other closely related species has been associated with pathogenicity toward humans or has been shown to have adverse effects on the environment.
B. Related Species of Concern
None of the above strains or other closely related species has been associated with pathogenicity toward humans or has been shown to have adverse effects on the environment.
A. Human Health Hazards
1. Colonization and Pathogenicity
S. uvarum has been used for a variety of purposes throughout history, predominantly for the processing of food. This history of use is noted by Stewart and Russell (1985) who remarked "No other group of microorganisms has been more intimately associated with the progress and wellbeing of the human race than Saccharomyces cerevisiae and its closely related species". Saccharomyces uvarum has been used extensively in the production of beer and other foodstuffs, and for the production of ethanol. This legacy provides a history of long use. Within this record, there are no reported incidences of adverse effects to humans from S. uvarum. This experience is consistent not only with S. uvarum, but also with those species that are proposed to comprise the new genus S. bayanus.
The history of use of S. uvarum extends through several scenarios of exposure. Industrial application, particularly in the earlier periods of use, involved substantial human exposure both in the production facility and the research environment. Presently, the consumption of yeast (generic application) is a common source of vitamins. While the condition of "data linking the organism to disease" can be taken as an exculpatory evidence for pathogenicity, a history of significant exposure with incidence of disease in a nondebilitated condition contributes to a history of safe use.
2. Pathogenicity of closely related species for
Closely related species also have a history of extensive use without significant incidence of disease. The most intensely studied of those species closely related to S. uvarum (bayanus)is S. cerevisiae. S. cerevisiae is not considered a pathogenic microorganism, but has rarely been reported as a cause of opportunistic infections. Eng et al. (1984) described five cases of such infections and reviewed the literature on eight other S. cervisiae infections (also briefly reviewed by Walsh and Pizzo, 1988). All of the patients had underlying disease. Some of them had also received antibiotic therapy, thereby suppressing normal bacterial flora and allowing mycotic organisms to become
A low concern for the pathogenicity of S. cerevisiae is also illustrated by a series of surveys conducted at hospitals over the last several years. S. cerevisiae accounted for less than 1% of all yeast infections isolated at a cancer hospital and in most of the cases the organism was isolated from the respiratory system (Kiehn et al., 1980). At YaleNew Haven Hospital over the past five years, there have been 50 isolates of S. cerevisiae recovered from patients; however, most of the isolates were considered contaminants (Dynamac, 1991).
3. Toxin Production
There were no reports found in the literature that indicate that S. uvarum produces toxins to humans or animals.
4. Measure of the Degree of Virulence
Although information is not available on the potential virulence of S. uvarum, there is information available on the closely related S. cerevisiae. A number of individual virulence factors have been identified as being associated with the ability of yeasts to cause disease. The principal virulence factors associated with yeasts appear to be phospholipase A and lysophospholipase. It is believed that these enzymes enhance the ability of the yeast to adhere to the cellwall surface and result in colonization as a first step in the infectious process. Nonpathogenic yeast had considerably lower phospholipase activities. Of a wide range of fungi assayed for phospholipase production, S. cerevisiae was found to have the lowest level of activity (BarrettBee et al., 1985). Therefore, based on the phospholipase virulence factor S. cerevisiae is considered a nonpathogenic yeast.
A second factor associated with virulence in yeast is the ability of a fungus to impair the host's immune capabilities. The cell walls of most fungi have the capacity to impede the
immune response of the host. In a study that determined the overall pathogenicity of a number of yeasts used in industrial processes animals exposed to both high levels of S. cerevisiae, and cortisone demonstrated a greater ability of the fungus to colonize compared with those animals treated with only the yeast. However, the animals suffered no illeffects from theintroduction of S. cerevisiae, (Holzschu et al., 1979). Therefore, this study suggests that even with the addition of high levels of an immuosuppresive agent, S. cerevisiae appears to be nonpathogenic.
5. Conclusions
There is no information in the literature associating S. uvarum with pathogenicity in humans. Although the absence of data on the potential pathogenicity of an organism usually cannot serve as confirmation of lack of toxicity, the legacy of use and continuous exposure, both through ambient exposure and industrial contact, contribute to an extensive history of safe use. There is much more information available on the related species S. cerevisiae due to its more widespread use. Even with this organism, reported incidences of infection are extremely rare and invariably in individuals with existing debilitating conditions. The body of evidence clearly indicates that the S. uvarum component of S. bayanis would not be expected to produce disease states with industrial application as long as no traits that would enhance the infectivity, ability to colonize, and virulence or toxin producing capability of organism are introduced.
S. uvarum has been used extensively for a great many years for making beer and wine and for alcohol production under conditions which at times must have resulted in considerable human exposure with no recorded instances of colonization or infection. Nor has it been reported to cause disease in animals.
Since S. uvarum has no reported history of pathogenicity during its long and extensive use, and its closely related species have but very low reported instances of infection, full exemption status is recommended.
B. Environmental Hazards
S. uvarum has been isolated from such natural sites as honey, phyllosphere, on the surfaces and inside rotten fruit, and in fruit juice. Despite the ubiquity of S. uvarum in nature there are no reports in the literature indicating that the organism is pathogenic to animals, plants or other microorganisms. Furthermore, there are no reports of this organism producing toxins against animals or plants.
A. Worker Exposure
S. uvarum is considered a Class 1 Containment Agent under the National Institute of Health (NIH) Guidelines for RecombinantDNA Molecules (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 1986).
No data were available for assessing the release and survival specifically for fermentation facilities using S. uvarum. Therefore, the potential worker exposures and routine releases to the environment from large-scale, conventional fermentation processes were estimated on information available from eight premanufacture notices submitted to EPA under TSCA Section 5 and from published information collected from non-engineered microorganisms (Reilly, 1991). These values are based on reasonable worst-case scenarios and typical ranges or values are given for comparison.
During fermentation processes, worker exposure is possible during laboratory pipetting, inoculation, sampling, harvesting, extraction, processing and decontamination procedures. A typical site employs less than 10 workers/shift and operates 24 hours/day throughout the year. NIOSH has conducted walk-through surveys of several fermentation facilities in the enzyme industry and monitored for microbial air contamination. These particular facilities were not using recombinant microorganisms, but the processes were considered typical of fermentation process technology. Area samples were taken in locations where the potential for worker exposure was considered to be potentially greatest, i.e., near the fermentor, the seed fermentor, sampling ports, and separation processes (either filter press or rotary drum filter). The workers with the highest potential average exposures at the three facilities visited were those involved in air sampling. Area samples near the sampling port revealed average airborne concentrations ranging from 350 to 648 cfu/m3. Typically, the Chemical Engineering Branch would not use area monitoring data to estimate occupational exposure levels since the correlation between area concentrations and worker exposure is highly uncertain. Personal sampling data are not available at the present time. Thus, area sampling data have been the only means of assessing exposures for previous PMN biotechnology submissions. Assuming that 20 samples per day are drawn and that each sample takes up to 5 minutes to collect, the duration of exposure for a single worker will be about 1.5 hours/day. Assuming that the concentration of microorganisms in the worker's breathing zone is equivalent to the levels found in the area sampling, the worst-case daily inhalation exposure is estimated to range up to 650 to 1200 cfu/day. The uncertainty associated with this estimated exposure value is not known (Reilly, 1991).
B. Environmental and General Exposure
1. Fate of the Organism
S. uvarum is a normal inhabitant of soils and the surfaces of plants. S. uvarum is capable of utilizing a diverse group ofsubstrates as carbon and nitrogen sources. The nutritional characteristics, along with the ability to produce ascospores, enhances the ability of the organism to survive in nature (Versar, 1992).
2. Releases
Estimates of the number of S. uvarum organisms released during production are tabulated in Table 1 (Reilly, 1991). The uncontrolled/untreated scenario assumes no control features for the fermentor offgases, and no inactivation of the fermentation broth for the liquid and solid waste releases. The containment criteria required for the full exemption scenario assume the use of features or equipment that minimize the number of viable cells in the fermentor off-gases. They also assume inactivation procedures resulting in a validated 6log reduction of the number of viable microorganisms in the liquid and solid wastes relative to the maximum cell density of the fermentation broth.
TABLE 1. Estimated Number of Viable Saccharomyces uvarum
Organisms Released During Production
Uncontrolled/ Full
Release Media Untreated Exemption Release
(cfu/day) (cfu/day) (days/year)
Air Vents 2x108 - 1x1011 <2x108 - 1x1011 350
Rotary Drum Filter 250 250 350
Surface Water 7x1012 7x106 90
Soil/Landfill 7x1014 7x108 90
Source: Reilly, 1991
These are "worstcase" estimates which assume that the the maximum cell density in the fermentation broth for fungi is 107 cfu/ml, with a fermentor size of 70,000 liters, and the separation efficiency for the rotary drum filter is 99 percent.
3. Air
Specific data which indicate the survivability of S. uvarum in the atmosphere after release are currently unavailable. Survival of vegetative cells during aerosolization is typically limited due to stresses such as shear forces, desiccation, temperature, and UV light exposure. As with naturally-occurring strains, human exposure may occur via inhalation as the organisms are dispersed in the atmosphere attached to dust particles, or lofted through mechanical or air disturbance.
Air releases from fermentor offgas could potentially result in nonoccupational inhalation exposures due to point sourcereleases. To estimate exposures from this source, the sector averaging form of the Gaussian algorithm described in Turner (1970) was used. For purposes of this assessment, a release height of 3 meters and downward contact at a distance of 100 meters were assumed. Assuming that there is no removal of organisms by controls/equipment for offgases, potential human inhalation dose rates are estimated to range from 3.0 x 103 to 1.5 x 106 cfu/year for the uncontrolled/untreated scenario and less than that for systems with full exemptions. It should be noted that these estimates represent hypothetical exposures under reasonable worst case conditions (Versar, 1992).
4. Water
The concentrations of S. uvarum in surface water were estimated using stream flow values for water bodies receiving process wastewater discharges from facilities within SIC Code 283 (drugs, medicinal chemicals, and pharmaceuticals). The surface water release data (cfu/day) tabulated in Table 1 were divided by the stream flow values to yield a surface water concentration of the organism (cfu/l). The stream flow values for SIC Code 283 were based on discharger location data retrieved from the Industrial Facilities Dischargers (IFD) database on December 5, 1991, and surface water flow data retrieved from the RXGAGE database. Flow values were obtained for water bodies receiving wastewater discharges from 154 indirect (facilities that send their waste to a POTW) and direct dischargers facilities that have a NPDES permit to discharge to surface water). Tenth percentile values indicate flows for smaller rivers within this distribution of 154 receiving water flows and 50th percentile values indicate flows for more average rivers. The flow value expressed as 7Q10 is the lowest flow observed over seven consecutive days during a 10year period. The use of this methodology to estimate concentrations of S. uvarum in surface water assumes that all of the discharged organisms survive wastewater treatment and that growth is not enhanced by any component of the treatment process. Estimated concentrations of S. uvarum in surface water for the uncontrolled/untreated and the full exemption scenarios are tabulated in Table 2 (Versar, 1992).
TABLE 2. Saccharomyces uvarum Concentrations in Surface Water
Flow Stream Flow Organisms
(MLD*) (cfu/l)
Mean 7Q10 Mean 7Q10
10th Percentile 156 5.60 4.5x104 1.25x106
50th Percentile 768 68.13 9.11x103 1.03x105
Full Exemption
10th Percentile 156 5.60 4.5x10-2 1.25x1000
50th Percentile 768 68.13 9.11x10-3 1.03x10-1
*MLD = million liters per day
Source: Versar, 1992
5. Soil
Since soil is a natural habitat for S. uvarum, it would be expected to survive well in soil. These releases could result in human and environmental exposure (Versar, 1992). However, it is anticipated that industrial strains which have adapted to well-defined media would be less competitive than the original wild-type strain (Sayre, 1992).
6. Summary
Although direct monitoring data are unavailable, worst case estimates do not suggest high levels of exposure of S. uvarum to either workers or the public resulting from normal fermentation operations.
A. Discussion
There is an extensive history of use of and exposure to S. uvarum with no record of adverse effects to the environment or human health. Yeast has been used for centuries as a leavening for bread and fermenter of beer without records of virulence.
S. uvarum is not a plant or animal pathogen. Although it has been used extensively in the fermentation and food processing industry, S. uvarum has not been found to be associated with disease conditions in plants or animals.
There is the likelihood that the taxonomy of S. uvarum will be modified in the future. The problem with taxonomy is not considered a risk issue. There are no closely related yeasts which pose a human or ecological hazard. Worker and non-occupational human exposures are expected to be low given the conditions of this exemption.
B. Recommendation
Saccharomyces uvarum is recommended for the tiered exemption.
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Bigelis, R. 1985. Primary metabolism and industrial
fermentations. in Gene Manipulations in Fungi. J.W. Bennet and
L.L. Lasure (ed.) Academic Press, New York, NY. PP 357
Brondz, I., and I. Olsen. 1990. Multivariate analyses of cellular
carbohydrates and fatty acids of Candida albicans, Torulopsis
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Buesching, W.J., K. Kurek, and G.D. Roberts. 1979. Evaluation of
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Bussey, H., T. Vernet, and A.M. Sdicu. 1988. Mutual antagonism
among killer yeasts: competition between K1 and K2 killers and a
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Dynamac. 1990. Evaluation of microorganisms for possible exemption under TSCA Section 5. Unpublished, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Dynamac. 1991. Human health assessment for Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Unpublished, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Holzschu, D.L., F.W. Chandler, L. Ajello, and D.G. Ahearn. 1979.
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Harvard University Press. Boston, MA.
Reilly, B. 1991. Analysis of environmental releases and occupational exposure in support of the proposed TSCA 5(h)(4) exemption. Unpublished, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Rosini, G., F. Federici, A.E. Vaughn, and A. Martini. 1982.
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Sayre, P. 1991. Environmental hazard assessment of Saccharomyces cerevisiae for proposed 5(h)4 exemption. Unpublished, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Stewart, G.C. and I. Russell. 1985. The biology of Saccharomyces, pp. 511-536. In A.L. Demain and N.A. Solomon, (eds.), Biology of industrial organisms. Benjamin Cummins Publishers, Menlo Park.
Tao, J., I. Ginsberg, N. Banerjee, W. Held, Y. Koltin, and J.A.
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Versar. 1992. Screening level exposure assessment of Saccharomyces uvarum for 5(h)(4) exemption under the proposed biotech rule. Unpublished, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
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rat: effect of microbial size and concentration. J. Infect. Dis.


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Kimbra On GRAMMY Nomination: "It Still Baffles Me"
"I think that's the beautiful mystery of music. You don't necessarily know why something is so successful."
Youngblood Hawke Play "What's That Song"
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The GRAMMY Foundation recently announced that GRAMMY Camp, its signature music industry camp for U.S. high school students, will take place in Los Angeles, Nashville and New York this summer.


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from this months q magazine
a feature on modern day tribes
mod gets a mention but i'm not sure its complimentary !
antbody here own up to any of it ?
my fred perrys can be tight
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in the magazine theres a very good interview with paul weller in there who is looking very smart in a grey suit .
why he's not on the cover i dont know ?


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Recycling: Locate Centres
Access to Household Recycling Centres
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Severe thunderstorms moved into the East on Saturday, while scattered showers and thunderstorms persisted for the western states.
A low pressure system over the Great Lakes continued to push a cold front southeastward throughout the day. Warm and moist air from the Gulf of Mexico continued to pour in ahead of this system, allowing for scattered showers and thunderstorms to develop from the Northeast through the Gulf states. Some of these storms have turned severe with strong winds and large hail.
Strong winds reported across North Carolina and Tennessee have blown down multiple large trees. Heavy rainfall was also reported with these storms, causing areas of flooding. Heaviest precipitation was reported in Hickory, N.C. with a midday total of 5.20 inches of rain. Meanwhile, the northern side of this system allowed for shower and thunderstorm activity to persist for the Upper Midwest and across the Great Lakes. These storms have not turned severe.
In the West, scattered showers and thunderstorms spread northward across the western states due to monsoonal moisture over the Southwest. These storms increased chances of flooding across the deserts, thus, flood warnings and advisories have been issued for much of Arizona and New Mexico.
To the north, higher pressure over the Northwestern corner of the nation allowed for dry and warm conditions to continue. These conditions increased fire danger from the Pacific Northwest through the Northern Rockies.
HIGHEST TEMPERATURE (DEGREES F).........................105 Goodyear, Ariz.
HIGHEST HEAT INDEX (DEGREES F)..........................109 Galveston, Texas
LOWEST TEMPERATURE (DEGREES F)..........................32 Hazen, N.D.
LOWEST WIND CHILL (DEGREES F)...........................32 Barrow, Alaska
HIGHEST WIND GUST (MPH).................................59 Austin Bergstrom, Texas
HIGHEST PRECIPITATION (INCHES)..........................5.20 Hickory, N.C.
ON THIS DATE....... During hurricane seasons, hurricane hunter airplanes routinely fly in and out of hurricane eyes. On this date in 1943, U.S. Air Force Colonel Joseph Duckworth began this tradition by becoming the first person to fly through the eye of a hurricane.
The Associated Press


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Startups are Building a Smarter Planet at IBM SmartCamp
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IBM is looking for a few global entrepreneurs to help build a Smarter Planet. Through the IBM SmartCamp program, IBM plans to connect startups, investors, students, academics and technology experts, fostering the collaboration and innovation required to do just that. IBM SmartCamp is a mentoring and networking event aimed at ... [ + Read more ]


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Source: US. Bureau of the Census
Release: Quarterly Starts and Completions by Purpose and Design
US. Bureau of the Census, New Privately Owned Housing Completions Average Square Feet of Floor Area for Two or More Units in the Midwest Census Region [COMPSFLAA2UMMWQ], retrieved from FRED, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis https://research.stlouisfed.org/fred2/series/COMPSFLAA2UMMWQ/, September 5, 2015.


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Even with all its ups and downs, 2012 was a pretty amazing year — especially if you're lucky enough to count yourself a DMV resident. Just think back on all the awesome new stores, restos, and bars that opened; the inspiring, world-class art events that took place; and the quirky, nowhere-but-here occasions that make the nation's capital feel truly special.
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On Tuesday July 8, Swedish marathon swimmer Anna-Carin Nordin completed the prestigious North Channel swim and wrote swim history. With this successful accomplishment she became the first woman ever completing the toughest swim performance in the world - Oceans Seven.
(7 tough channel swims from each of the seven continents)
Each swim requires tremendous physical and mental performance where North Channel stands out as the toughest. Anna-Carin succeeded on the first attempt and completed the swim in 14 hours and 21 minutes in a water temperature of 11 degrees.
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Here at the ASPCA, April is our favorite month of the year. April is Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Month, and while we work to fight animal cruelty year-round, we're looking forward to a few special opportunities to spread the word about important animal welfare issues this month.
We are very excited to commemorate the first National Dog Fighting Awareness Day (NDFAD) on Tuesday, April 8. The ASPCA designated this day to advance the conversation about dog fighting and to encourage animal lovers across the country to take action against this brutal form of animal cruelty. Learn more about our work to end dog fighting, and RSVP to attend our NDFAD Google Hangout.
Grab your party hats! The ASPCA will celebrate its 148th Birthday on Thursday, April 10. To celebrate this momentous occasion, we're encouraging folks to go orange for animals. On April 10, don your favorite orange apparel and take some time to make a difference for animals in your community.
If you love horses, please say "neigh!" We're gearing up for ASPCA Help a Horse Day on Saturday, April 26. You can join us in honoring our nation's horses by supporting the ASPCA and your local horse rescue in the fight to end equine cruelty and neglect. Check out our Help a Horse Day page to find a celebration near you.
We can't wait to spread the word about animals in need nationwide all month long. Want to help out? Here's our complete list of ways to help animals in celebration of Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Month.


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Ion Air Pro Camera Connect Kit
The Ion Air Pro Connect Kit is compatible with the Ion Air Pro camera.
The kit includes a battery booster and the Ion WiFi Podz, which support WiFi connectivity with the camera.
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Practice Philosophy
Plastic surgeons must first and foremost be caring and compassionate physicians; their primary concern should be for their patient's safety and well being. I believe that plastic surgeons build their reputations, not by advertising, but by the quality of their work and the satisfaction of their patients. Choosing a plastic surgeon is one of the most important decisions you will make. Please let us help make the process less intimidating.
Cosmetic Surgery of the Face and Body
Cosmetic Breast Surgery, Body Contouring
The consultation is an opportunity to gather information, to determine whether a cosmetic procedure is right for you, and to decide whether you feel comfortable and secure under the care of a specific plastic surgeon. Your appointment will be with Dr. Grenley, and not simply a nurse consultation as is sometimes the case in other offices. Dr. Grenley will spend as much time as you need, explaining the procedures and answering your questions, discussing the benefits to you as well as any limitations and risks. At the end of the consultation you should feel that the discussion has been complete and you questions have been answered fully. You will never feel pressured to schedule surgery.
You may tour our office and surgical facilities and view videotapes from our patient education library. Additional follow-up consultations are encouraged and are complimentary. If a patient schedules surgery, they will be seen approximately two weeks prior to their procedure for a pre-operative visit. At that time the procedure is again discussed and all questions are answered, pre-operative instructions are given, the medical history is reviewed and any prescriptions are written.
For the safety of our patients, we have built our surgery center to meet the highest standards for Washington State Certification. Operating room personnel, physicians and nurses, are trained in Advanced Cardiac Life Support. All anesthesia for surgery is provided by board certified physician anesthesiologists, the same group who provides all anesthesia care at Swedish Hospital. We believe that they are best qualified to provide for the safety and comfort of our patients.
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Karvy Computershare is one of the largest share registry and transfer agencies in India. Karvy provides the registry management services to corporate clients.
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CAMC is providing this contact form for your convenience in obtaining general information about CAMC services and facilities. Please do not include, in your email to CAMC, any individually-identifiable health information [or, "Protected Health Information" - see the CAMC Notice of Privacy Practices for details].
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I really enjoy watching Starcraft 2 battles, and I'm currently playing Starcraft I. Is there a place where I can find good casts of Starcraft/Broodwar games?
Note: This is not about Starcraft 2, it is about the 1998 game.
I really enjoy watching Starcraft 2 battles, and I'm currently playing Starcraft I. Is there a place where I can find good casts of Starcraft/Broodwar games?
Note: This is not about Starcraft 2, it is about the 1998 game.
closed as not constructive by Mana Nov 28 '11 at 12:40
As it currently stands, this question is not a good fit for our Q&A format. We expect answers to be supported by facts, references, or expertise, but this question will likely solicit debate, arguments, polling, or extended discussion. If you feel that this question can be improved and possibly reopened, visit the help center for guidance. If this question can be reworded to fit the rules in the help center, please edit the question.
http://www.sc2gg.com/ is a community of casters who all contributed a lot to the SC1 casting scene.
Whether or not they're high quality depends on what you're looking for. They're usually fun and entertaining, but frequently misunderstand strategies, say the wrong build order, etc. But they are the only casting community in SC1 anyway.
Many people start out watching them until they realize that the only thing sc2gg brings to the table is enthusiasm, in which case they start watching the Korean raws at http://www.youtube.com/user/nevake because the professional Korean commentators are still yet more enthusiastic, language barrier be damned.
There is one source of professional casts that's legitimately high quality though.
This is a whole tournament casted by Tasteless + Daniel. Tasteless is a professional StarCraft caster living in Korea, Day9's brother, basically the best English caster around. And Daniel is a Korean team coach, as well as hilarious, so they're very very good.
Also for the past few WCGs Tasteless and Artosis have been casting games, I don't know if there's a singular source for them but you can find them on youtube.
There are many users who all cast on this channel, and they're all very high quality casters. Each one has his own channel as well, which you should be able to find from here.


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Although many gaming regulations are made at the state and local level, the federal-level influence of the casinos/gambling industry has grown through both campaign donations and lobbying efforts.
Much of the motivation for this increased spending is the desire to minimize federal regulations that will impede the industry's growth on a national scale. Influencing legislation attempting to stem the rise of Internet gambling is also a factor. The casinos/gambling industry includes a sub-category of Indian gaming, which is federally regulated.
During the 2008 election cycle, contributions to federal candidates and political committees by this industry reached an unprecedented $17.2 million, with 69 percent going to Democrats. People and political action committees associated with this industry have consistently donated more money to Democrats during the past two decades.
MGM Mirage tops the list of political contributors from this industry. During the 2008 election cycle, this Las Vegas-based entertainment company gave $1.2 million in donations, split almost evenly between Democrats and Republicans. The rest of the top contributors are Native American tribes and organizations, which tend to donate more to Democrats, and resorts and other gambling venues, which tend to lean Republican. In the 2008 election cycle, Sen. Harry Reid (D-Nev.) received the most donations from this industry, even more than any of the presidential candidates.
Lobbying by the casinos/gambling industry, while experiencing a slight decline, still boasted a significant $25.6 million in 2009. Top federal lobbying clients include the Interactive Gaming Council and Harrah's Entertainment, each of which spent more than $1.8 million in 2009 to advance their legislative interests on the federal level. The rest of lobbying clients include a mix of casino resorts, Internet gaming organizations and Native American tribes.
Much of Congress' recent legislative activity regards Internet gaming. The Interactive Gaming Council's lobbying expenditures stayed below $500,000 until a drastic increase in 2007 and 2008, corresponding with the rise in popularity of Internet gambling. As a trade associated dedicated to representing the interests of the Internet gaming community, the Interactive Gaming Council lobbies on regulation and consumer protection in this gaming niche as an alternative to the threat of prohibition. In 2009, the IGC spent $2.4 million and focused on the Internet Gambling Regulation, Consumer Protection and Enforcement Act.
The lobbying of Harrah's Entertainment was historically minimal as well, until a boost associated with the rise of Internet gaming that brought expenditures up to $1.9 million. This company also lobbies on legislation to promote travel -- such as the Travel Promotion Act of 2009 -- as the industry benefits when people vacation near casinos.
-- Cassandra LaRussa
Updated May 2010
Feel free to distribute or cite this material, but please credit the Center for Responsive Politics.


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|News » Archives
Russell named to Wallace Award Watch List
Tuesday, January 22, 2008
Russell led the Bucs in almost all offensive categories last season hitting .335 with 19 doubles, 10 homeruns and 44 RBIs. The
The Watch List will be trimmed to 12 semifinalists in late May 2008. The selection committee, comprised of coaches, sports information and media relations contacts, former winners and media, will narrow the list to three finalists following the NCAA Super Regionals. The winner will be announced at a banquet in
Past winners are Kurt Suzuki (catcher, Cal State Fullerton, 2004), Alex Gordon (third baseman,
The Bucs open the 2008 season Feb. 22-25 at


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The Sweetwater freshman boys basketball team is 6-4 for the season.
At front is coach Skylar Houston. From left are J'Corey Amos, Hardy Escobar, Isaiah Gonzales, D'Jaman West, Brandon Gutierrez, Colton Jackson, Mark Lawrence, Joe Ruiz, Denzell Moore, Michael Lawrence, Adan Sanchez, Gage Hannah and Alontae Heath.
[1] http://www.sweetwaterreporter.com/sites/default/files/c-freshman boys basketball.jpg
[2] mailto:email@example.com


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- Nassim Assefi
- Seattle, WA
- United States
doctor~novelist~creative curator~activist~thrillionaire, ZocDoc
This conversation is closed.
What's the most effective model of global health aid/development, given interventions can have complex, unpredictable and longterm impacts?
A debate is raging between those who believe humanitarian aid is corrupt, ineffective, and harmful (eg Dambisa Moyos of the world) and those who believe it is the moral imperative of wealthier nations to help the poor (Bill Gates, Nick Kristof, Paul Farmer, etc). As an idealistic young doctor with a privileged life and education, I wanted to give back to the world, starting some 20 years ago when I joined my first NGO. Since then, I've seen many different models of global health with variable effectiveness--Doctors Without Borders approach of relieving suffering but not building infrastructure, more standard NGOs that combine the two, large UN agencies (eg UNICEF, WHO, UNFPA, ICRC), medical diplomacy (free exportation of Cuban health workers), social entrepreneurship (eg Acumen Fund), missionaries, Gates Foundation/Global Fund/World Bank, international medical research posing as aid, etc. While objective successmetrics and monitoring and evaluation plans are now the standard part of most health interventions, what do we really know about the longterm, complex outcomes of our well-intentioned health interventions? Have we propped up an illegitimate government or strengthened a democratically-oriented one? Have we destroyed local economies or sustained them? Have we exacerbated brain drain or created jobs for internationals who want to return home? Weakened local infrastructure or strengthened it? Educated or misled? Oppressed the people we were supposed to help or empowered them? Please help me figure out the most effective way to use my medical and public health skills to improve health in a global context, and in doing so, help many others who are struggling with these issues. I would love to hear your experiences, perspectives, and ideas about how to do global health work right and how you might measure the complex, longterm impacts of what you propose. (Meanwhile, ironically, the US still lacks a decent, universal, and cost-effective health care system.)
Closing Statement from Nassim Assefi
This question continues to be an open and complex one. Philosophically, I tend to agree most with Vivienne and Samuel, but that still doesn't leave me with a concrete answer for how to spend my time and energy as a global health doctor who wants to have maximum impact or do most "good." Certainly, I believe in the long view, in the possibility of unintended negative or positive consequences of humanitarian action, in the importance of sustainability and environmental preservation, that we have to pay attention to local leadership and resources and avoid being humanitarian colonialists (and hypocrites who can't even pass a universal health care bill in our own country). Yes, we need solidarity, not just charity. We need trade and social entrepreneurship as well as aid. I believe health and health care are human rights, and perhaps having global health insurance for every citizen on earth is not a crazy ideal. One day, I hope to explore these ideas further in a narrative nonfiction book on the subject. In the meanwhile, you can follow me on Twitter to contiinue the conversation (@nassefi) or on my website once I update it (www.nassimassefi.com). Thanks to all who participated in this discussion. Thank you for caring and sharing.
Mar 12 2011: I'm sorry Nassim - I want to add 'one more'. You request perspective on 'how to do global health work and that incorporates first and third world' which I think is important to note. Health care is a global issue not just a sustainable development or aid issue. I went into political discourse because the restrictions of our current governance impact our ability to deliver and administer adequate treatment regimes. Yet we have some very effective means of delivery in first and third world countries. Where it gets lost is through disadvantage - i.e. poverty.
I believe our sustainable vision should include an integration with systemic models from democratic nations. But I think sometimes we seek to over 'fix' a problem that doesn't need it, in third world. The major issue with aid we all know is that its administration may not always work out the way the family watching the telethon back home intended. Our aid models stem from ancient tithe systems that worked in local village community - one digs in pockets and puts them in the church plate or whatever. This continues - the local Aussie sausage sizzle to fund the volunteer fire brigade that will save the lives of many tree, man and creature. The local fundraiser supports society backbone and extends into the NGO model where professional marketers devise ways and means of extracting charity. But we are in a new phase - we are global society with global needs and global climate change and disasters. We have to become sustainable now in our governance.
I propose a PEACE model. I call it preservation of arts, culture and environment. We set up centres in regions where we can exchange international benefits with local values and knowledge. We run training programmes and support hospital and local health care. We exchange traditional knowledge and modern. We fund centres & acitivities from a profit making sustainable business. We let Indigenous people teach us values. We consolidate a local-intl exchange
Samuel Ching
Feb 25 2011: I'm the Singaporean student that Nassim referred to below. I'm no expert on healthcare but I do have some view on the global state of healthcare. After the watching the various TED talks (by Dr Wendy Johnson, Ting Shih, Dr Ernest Madu etc.), reading up on healthcare literature (Mountains Beyond Mountains, Medical Geography) and web articles (www.nextbillion.net/blog/2011/02/22/integrated-healthcare-for-the-bop etc.), I've realised that improving the state of global health (in LDCs):
- +1
-Needs more political muscle. Currently, it is very much driven by NGOs (Partners in Health, Doctors without Borders etc.) and the various Foundations (Gates, Rockefeller etc.) Good governance is just as important as foreign aid contributions. Governments around the world must manage their resources carefully and establish clear and efficient channels through which proper healthcare can be delivered.
- Requires the fusion of both innovation (in terms of actual medical products and logistical innovation) and grassroots effort. Without either, reaching rural villages would be an immensely difficult task.
- Would be vastly improved with solidarity, amongst the various NGOs and between the NGOs and Governments. With combined resources, certainly much more can be done.
However, I believe that each country has its own unique set of circumstances and societal norms which demands its own healthcare model. No healthcare system around the world could be transplanted into another country wholesale. Although Singapore's healthcare model has been lauded around the world, even Singaporean doctors acknowledge that such a model works due to the constant fine-tuning on the part of the government through feedback and that it is difficult to exactly replicate such a system elsewhere.Feb 15 2011: First of all I want to say that I am not a doctor and I have no direct experience of humanitarian help in developing countries. But I have watched several TED talks about this subject, reading newspapers and discussing with friends.
In my opinion imposing the help from the "developed nations" is partially wrong. Our life still is undeniably better but we cannot impose it as such. We should think historically how we get here: it was a slow process, it was done step by step. It means as a population we got use to it, the development of our life style was also followed at the same time by an awareness of it. We didn't have a model to aim to, we made our own model step by step, tuning it to the characteristics of our own culture. And now we are pressing the Third World to get to our standards skipping all the intermediate steps. This cannot work. Those people are losing their own culture trying to copy our one. Culturally, they should be able to develop their own culture independently.
What we can do is to educate them to do so. From the health care point of view we have to realize that the biggest improvements were not about the use of drugs, nowadays we don't leave better and longer because of them, but about a better culture: hygiene first of all, good diet, reduced heavy physical work thanks to technology. Prevention is the real deal, not drugs. From this point of view giving a basic knowledge about hygiene first and the basic use of modern drugs would be much more effective on the long term. Drugs are effective only if taken the right way, otherwise they make things worse: people in Africa are given drugs against tuberculosis for free, but they don't complete the treatment because there are not enough supply for everybody and those who gets the pills share them with their relatives; in this way nobody gets cured and p strains of pathogens develop that are resistant to the drugs. A school can be better than a sickbay.
Feb 15 2011: Humanitarian colonialism is one of the subjects of my forthcoming novel, Say I Am You, so I couldn't agree with you more on your first point, Matteo. Education, especially of girls, is probably the most potent global health intervention we can do when you look at long-term outcomes. Yes, prevention is important. But there should be some equalizing of access to technology and pharmaceuticals. See my comment to Steve Garguilo's thread. Making antiretrovirals available to African AIDS patients is one such powerful example.Mar 12 2011: Last one I promise.
If politicians or global governance allows DEMOCRATIC governed countries to be overruled by military threat or politicians in power (i.e. security council) then those countries must surely be breaching their own constitutional principles. One might argue - who wants a stuffy old justice body capable of overseeing governance? The answer is THE PEOPLE. The same people that vote in their country for a politician should have the right to petition the accountability of those that they give the responsibility to - afterall politicians are doing a job that we as people have paid them to do - that is look after our people and our country according to constitution. If they don't do it or if they behave badly - why should they get away with it? Because they have a big bomb? This is ridiculous childhood mentality! Mother Earth has the biggest bomb of all - as Japan will attest with nuclear melt down threat post earthquake.
This is not to attack democracy and the principles of our democratic founders. It just means we are really out of date for the way we live, think and breathe. Also with capitalism collapsing - do we really want to replace it with a communist model? Looking at Mao and the millions that died I think not.
Do we as human individuals want to keep giving our personal power away to people that don't know how to take responsibility? I demand a refund for poor customer service. Judges and the justice system has evolved long before and apart from the economic system. Common law enables a fairness through case precedent etc. And there is the right of appeal. In principle - no man or woman should be above the law under democratic law. So why are they?
Now that we have that sorted out - we can take economic and political factors out of aid and health care. Once we do that - we start to see a different community based model evolving. The system doesn't favour first world community either. Local disaster recovery is often charityMar 12 2011: Sorry there are so many posts.
The bottom line is I feel, that helping others on the planet to survive is a 'good' thing however we choose to do it. It's good for us morally and it is good for us to survive as we now come to terms that we are so closely inter-related.
But strategically we have to act fast - and work toward sustainable survivorship and cultural resilience models. First world countries and former colonies had many generations to adjust through the capitalist model. It is unlikely to work for third world for any great duration. This is also because capitalism has already started to collapse in first world and is only being kept alive for the sake of a single global economy. The reason for the collapse is our society now realises that Earth is not such a great big waste bucket after all. We can't 'pooh' in other peoples back yards and leave our own clean forever. Sooner or later the stink catches up. This time has come.
We have much in blue print cultures that scientists are just learning - as man concurrently destroys he finds out what he is destroying and how valuable it is. Our education programmes and our strategies for aid and health care etc need to come from a proactive sustainable vision - and take the best of breed from private, NGO and governments around the world. Secondly we need to remove the systemic model developed - or better still we need to reform the United Nations so that it can reflect our current society - it is still based on the World War II security model. We are lucky to have it. But if we are going to live in a real democratic global society - then a glaring factor is that we have a war tribunal that rules over international law. This doesn't happen in a democratic country. In democracy People, citizens vote who represents them in administering government. If they act illegally or incorrectly - still accountable. At international level security council can veto law - even genocide. Politicians above the law.Mar 12 2011: But the problem with this continued mode of approach is that Capitalism in its current format is a non sustainable model. The dragon eats its own tail - not joins it. As we have run out of the first world markets to exploit we have turned to third world for labor, materials and operations. This leads to the collapse of a SME small to medium enterprise sector in first world countries - and local consumerism must eventually decline. Why? because jobs decrease despite growing internal wealth.
The next step is to replace people for machines and this has happened in first world. This will be the progression in third world. All the communities that are rapidly developing and pushing up inflation internally so that the very poor can no longer survive - because their overall economy is 'booming' - will eventually also be replaced by technology. Jobs will go to machines and automation because the capitalist model is to make profit. It has to keep making profit margins through economic drivers.
This leaves the third world population sectors who are currently embracing capitalist wealth in a tenuous position. Can they handle development in the same way as the population sparse first world? Their societies and culture do not function in the same systemic socio cultural way. Instead capitalism may increase the wealth of few but leave a massive problem for the poor - as land is taken and agriculture that supplies the world food provisions becomes less. Land taken over for industrialization means less land for agriculture of food and medicines - natural ones. Industrialization increases pollution and strain of natural resources - forests, waterways and environ. I recently attended conference in India for legal and overall impact of accessibility of pharmaceuticals and medicines health care to the commons. Capitalist first world is rendering medicines unavailable as India and China are major producers. India must now comply with UN IP agreements. Patent issue.Mar 12 2011: Under a capitalist driven development - it makes sense to relocate poor communities and give them housing health and other benefits to make way for economic mining or some other activity. Paved roads, electricity water etc. are all requirements for the exploiting capitalist - and what working conditions. Unfortunately this common practice of our current aid system DOES create animosity and resentment as those outside the developed zone still oppressed and suffering witness the wealth and natural resource exploitation of the visitors and the seeming buy out of the few that were assisted during the process. But bottom line - some good has come to some people who would not normally have received it. Hence the paradox.Mar 12 2011: I'm impressed after reading your comment and those of the forum below in the level and approach that is currently being taken by students, advocates and those experienced in the filed - the weight is obviously tilted to those with humanitarian ideals.
Based my own personal findings in research and experiential application out in the great wide world- I believe the comments and your words reflect the continuing dilemma of global society and supporting those in need and disadvantaged, trying to maintain a democratic humanitarian ideal that some of us have been brought up to believe is our given right - others have earned the self respect through education and advantages given or supported - and some who out of sheer frustration at denial through resilience traits have sought to correct the imbalance that humans experience when they look outside their personal window of life.
The reality is that each of those statements or questions you ask is affirmative - i.e. 'we' have weakened local infrastructure and we have strengthened it. We have educated and we have misled. We have oppressed and we have empowered and emancipated. The reason is not purely because we live within the philosophical title of the 'Maya' or paradoxical life of opposites - although that is perhaps the crux of the issue. The experience of the dilemma of Peace and social injustice rectified through sustainable development comes back to two major issues.
The first is that we seek to 'help' others from 'intentions' and these intentions in systemic context are always shaped within the constructs and motives of the system. Who can fix a system from within the system? We must first step outside. For example - we may desire to develop infrastructure to help others in third world country. But the major driver or less public motive will be along the lines of economic unity and the capitalist 'democratic' model - what MNC or other transnational corporation needs to exploit the resources in the regionMar 10 2011: .
Perhaps the answer will reveal itself if we rigorously apply Esther Duflo's empirical approach and really test models, before drawing conclusions. (But perhaps some ideologies have a problem with empiricism itself?)
One thing is certain, though: too many charity and aid initiatives are self-serving feel good projects the outcomes of which cannot be measured or tested.Mar 10 2011: One of the horrible features of capitalism is that we can continue to sell our abilities and expertise to others so long as they do not acquire the abilities/tools/expertise to help themselves. To the extent that foreign aid keeps people dependent upon the wealthy, I think it is wrong.
I think what we can do is give them tools to help themselves. We should, for example, ensure that every child on the planet has Internet access - the web truly is a form of freedom and power. I think we should also give every person the right to "vote" by which I mean, we should give them something on the order of 3 digitally created dollars per day just for being human, so they can legally allocate some social resources to where they think they should go. Demand-side economics, we could call it.
I think the bare minimum people need are 1.) Knowledge, connectedness, and the ability to collaborate that the Internet provides and 2.) A small, consistent "vote" on social resources, at least enough to keep their brains healthy. If millions of poor people had those two things, I think they would develop the ability to help themselves pretty quickly.Mar 1 2011: I am a strong believer that for development, both trade and aid are necessary. Aid following the traditional charity model is fairly accessible in developing nations as a rule. I feel that trade is now the key to development. Jacquline Novogratz makes a strong case for this through her Acumen Fund and promotion of patient capitalism, the "third way." I support her in this case. Melinda Gates also brings up a similar point when demonstrating how Coca Cola has used globalization and their power across many countries to encourage development. However, I still think that smaller businesses rather than large cooperations should lead the initiative to trade with the developing world. After all, large cooperations, while showing signs of aid through trade, have been charged with accusations of worker abuse and even abusing children in sweatshops. Small companies that can micromanage should lead the way in stopping such practices and forming true, global partnerships.
Mar 8 2011: I agree in principal with your proposition of trade and aid. However, its often said that the devil is in the details: ActionAid conducted a study and found that only 50% of the aid managed to be utilised as 'real aid'. We must be watchful of 'colonial humanitarianism' as Dr Wendy Johnson put it in her TedxRainier talk. Instead, we should learn to empower local communities.
I believe that sustainable social enterprises are the way to go. Ashoka.org contains a treasure trove of information about how through innovation, people in developing nations are able to harness the power of market forces and create a better life for themselves and their community.Feb 21 2011: Two more useful resources on this subject, 10 minute talks from TEDxRainier:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q0X2exKyC7k Dr. Stephen Bezruchka on the health of whole populations
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CvVydQqJfWo Dr. Wendy Johnson solidarity, not charity, a new paradigm for global healthFeb 20 2011: I was very pleased to discover this webseries called "Beyond Good Intentions" by first time filmmaker and global aid worker, Tori Hogan: http://beyondgoodintentions.org/watchshare.php I've only watched the first episode but thought I'd share it here as it looks to be a good resource.
Also just learned of a new "Critical Development Forum" at the University of Washington, run by students who are questioning aid approaches.
Based on this discussion, I received an email from a Singaporean high school student asking intelligent questions about the efficacy of aid.
Glad to know that others are discussing these issues!Feb 15 2011: I think as we in the developed world have, by and large, not figured out our own healthcare solutions yet, we're not really well-placed to be providing solutions to others.
We had an interesting speaker a while ago who talked about technology that can change healthcare provision globally, without going into the economics/politics very much. (Her primary customers are NGO's.)
Feb 15 2011: Thanks, Chris. I agree that there's hypocrisy involved when we in the US don't even have our own health care system worked out and we're preaching to others about best practices. I watched the TEDxMonga talk. Telemedicine is an innovative tool that can help the situation a bit; it's actually most useful between auxiliary health care workers in the community or field and doctors in the cities (see the discussion started by Steve Garguilo).


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A$AP Rocky, 'F—in' Problem': Drake, 2 Chainz & Kendrick Lamar Fall Victim to Ladies
The ladies are giving some of rap's power players some big problems. A$AP Rocky debuts a fresh new track titled "Fuckin' Problem," which finds himself, 2 Chainz, Drake and Kendrick Lamar rhyming about some of the baddest women they've met.
The Noah "40" Shebib-produced song comes courtesy of Complex and commences with A$AP ("They gettin' bent up off the liquor/


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Company Overview of Howard Rubenstein and Associates
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Howard J. Rubenstein
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Mr. Howard J. Rubenstein Founded Rubenstein Associates, Inc. in 1954 and serves as its President. Mr. Rubenstein serves as the President of Howard Associates Inc. Mr. Rubenstein serves as a Vice-chairman of the NYS-NYC Holocaust Memorial Commission and is a special advisor to the New York City Commission on the Status of Women and a member of the Board of Directors of the Center for Democracy in Washington, DC. He serves as a Director of NYC2012, Inc. and of The Partnership ...
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29 April 2008The Rangers at Linlithgow Peel, in association with Linlithgow Burgh Beautiful, are encouraging locals to get involved in the Burgh Beautiful Dog Show. Taking place on Saturday 3 May this fun-packed day will feature fun and games for all dog lovers.
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Mother's Day BluesWednesday, May 5th, 2010
For many mothers Mother's Days is tinged with tragedy or sadness. A child's death or teen suicide, having a child who is a deployed soldier fighting overseas, or one struggling with an illness in the hospital, or one incarcerated can make Mother's Day a difficult day to get through.
Likewise, not every daughter (or son) looks forward to Mother's Day. If your relationship with your mother is complicated, or you're estranged from her, or if she's no longer with you because of death or she no longer even knows your name because she has Alzheimer, waking up to a day called "Mother's Day" can be painful.
Such reality was driven home to me recently on a listserv I belong to where one of the members on the list wrote honestly about not looking forward to church this Sunday. As you can see, her complaint was not about Mother's Day only. It's about the way the black church celebrates mothers and motherhood on that day.
Others on the listserv weighed in prompting me to ask permission to post for Something Within readers the provocative conversation about motherhood, Mother's Day, and the church's clumsy way of talking about motherhood that ensued.
With Mom gone 7 years, mothers day is a mixed bag for me. I've got some incredibly wonderful memories of the day but find that since Mom has died, i often avoid church (black or otherwise) on Mothers Day now. I thought i'd send a shout out to you all to see what you think of the ways black churches celebrate Mothers Day.
Like many of the people weighing in, I've gotten to where I wince during Mother's Day. My own mother died just before Mother's Day weekend, 2002. I preached her funeral the Saturday before Mother's Day. And she was my greatest theological inspiration and most quoted person. When I had to preach Mother's Day in youth church 3 years later, I started the sermon out with "I don't like Mother's Day celebrations." I talk about the joy and pain of being a mother, the joy and pain of being a daughter, the fact that not everyone in the room had "warm, fuzzies" about their moms, some didn't know their moms, some moms were strung out, etc. The altar filled up with young people wanting to pour out their pain around "mother loss" and "mother grief" and "mother struggles." It lasted longer than the sermon as they prayed, cried, repented, went to find their moms and beg forgiveness, accepted the notion that God had provided many mothers and aunts and cousins and sisters and friends to help shepherd them into womanhood and manhood. Upstairs, of course, the service was sugary sweet about mothers.
I don't know what that says, but there it is. I will be with a friend on a beach of Mother's Day. I don't expect to hear from my younger son and grandchild because he doesn't celebrate anything anymore. I will hear from my older son. I will feel loss and joy.
I think also for me such celebrations tend to be insensitive to women
who have lost mothers, lost children, or who are not biological
mothers. And this is just symbolic of how they are looked upon beyond
the mother's day celebration. Also while we emphasize that every
father is not a dad or vice versa, we do not emphasize that mothering
is about more than giving birth, more than being an incubator. Maybe
I've become too cynical. I am planning to become a foster or adoptive
mother soon– it's a scary thing as I get closer to the reality of my
promise. Maybe mother's day celebrations should intentionally
celebrate acts of mothering in the village and should be a platform
for extending our mothering impact on the global village.
My mother has been dead for over twenty-five years, but I can't say that's the reason church Mother's Day celebrations don't get under my skin the way others describe. I have fond memories of my mother for sure, but not a lot. But I've learned not to resent other women's Hallmark Card rhapsodies about their moms nor gag when the church goes off on one of its paeans to motherhood. I went to church on Mother's Day when I wasn't someone's mother and still show up now that I am someone's mother. I go, in part because I'm a woman who goes to church, but also because church is where lots and lots and lots of black mothers/black women are on Sundays. And as a womanist I relish the presence of black women and believe that despite my mother's flaws there's something healing and comforting about losing myself on Mother's Day in a sea of black mothers asking God's help to mother from a place of healing.
What do you think Something Within readers? What do you think about "Mother's Day"?
Let's be honest: "Mother's Day" has strayed from is original anti-war movement origins. Today's celebration has nothing to do with appealing to the justice loving nature of women in general and mothers in particular. Maybe it should. Perhaps we need to go back to the roots of the celebration.
What do you think? What does "Mother Day" mean to you? How is the day celebrated at the churches you attend?


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After starting 23rd Michael Schumacher reckons his 11th place at Suzuka was "better than we expected" even though he missed out on a point...
After starting 23rd on the grid Michael Schumacher reckons his 11th place at Suzuka was "better than we expected" even though he missed out on a point.
A slow qualifying for the seven-time World Champion was made even worse by a ten-place grid penalty for driving into the back of Jean-Eric Vergne at the previous race in Singapore.
Despite starting on the back foot, Schumacher slowly but surely clawed his way up the field resulting in a battle for the final World Championship point with Daniel Ricciardo. It was the Toro Rosso driver who won.
"I have mixed feelings after the race here in Japan, because it's obviously unfortunate to come so close to scoring points and not manage it, after a race which went better than we expected," said Schumacher.
"In the final laps, I had a nice and interesting battle with Ricciardo, but in the end I couldn't get past him because the Toro Rosso was so quick on the straights.
"That's why we have to say we couldn't have got much more out of it today. Now let's see how things go in Korea."
Schumacher, though, at least got to spend his Sunday afternoon racing his car, something his team-mate Nico Rosberg failed to do.
The German was taken out on the opening lap by Bruno Senna, who was handed a penalty for the incident. That, though, didn't help Rosberg get back into the race.
"I had a good start to the race but unfortunately it ended fairly quickly today," he said.
"In the first corner Grosjean spun into Webber and that also led to my accident.
"I began to brake but Senna crashed into me from behind which destroyed my rear tyre and meant that I had to retire.
"It's a shame as I felt very comfortable with my car on the installation lap, and I was confident that we could score some decent points."
Related Links
Vettel Wins In Japan While Alonso Retires
The Japanese GP In Pictures


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Brooklyn Boatworks
By Sean Murphy '13
This semester several Webb students have found the time to get off campus and volunteer with Brooklyn Boatworks, a volunteer organization that helps inner city children to develop life skills through the building and use of small wooden boats. The program was founded in 2005 under the leadership of Carl Persak (Webb '96), co-founder of the yacht design firm Persak & Wurmfeld. Its main effort is focused on teaching middle-school students how to build a small wooden sailboat over the course of the school year. The idea is that we provide them the expertise, and they amaze themselves with what they are capable of, the culmination of their effort being a sail around the harbor in the boat they built! The boats are plywood Optimist sailboats that are built from scratch. The students complete the lofting of each piece, cutting, stitching, gluing and rigging of the boat. About 15 students take part per school, usually with three volunteer teachers.
This year four middle schools are participating: three in Brooklyn and one in Queens (Forest Hills). As Webb students know a thing or two about boats, Samantha Griswold '14 and Sean Murphy '13 are volunteering at BCS in Brooklyn on Fridays, and some members of the freshman class are looking to volunteer on Tuesdays at the Launch School in Brooklyn. Not only has the volunteering effort been appreciated by the students, but Webbies will undoubtedly benefit in the experience of helping others. The gratifying nature of the program is not to teach the students how to build a boat, but to teach them confidence, teamwork, perseverance, and the value of hard work. So far it has been an amazing experience, and we hope this will be the start of a long relationship between Webb and Brooklyn Boatworks.
Check out the Brooklyn Boatworks Website and "like" their Facebook page to keep updated!


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Investors continue to flee mutual funds as they prepare for the start of 2013. For the week ended Dec. 19, investors pulled an estimated $4.49 billion from mutual funds, marking the third consecutive week that investors left the funds in the red, according to the latest statistics from the Investment Company Institute.
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Wednesday, September 19, 2001ASHEVILLE, NC - The Southern Conference today learned from the NCAA that the Division I-AA football playoffs will be moved back one week to allow for the rescheduling of games that were cancelled on September 15. Instead of beginning on November 24 as originally scheduled, the I-AA playoffs will commence on Saturday, December 1. The championship game will be played in Chattanooga on Friday, December 21 at 5:30 and will be televised by ESPN. The original schedule had the championship game being played on December 15. Three Southern Conference games were cancelled in light of last week's terrorist attacks: East Tennessee State at VMI, Georgia Southern at Wofford, and The Citadel at Western Carolina. The Citadel and WCU have already agreed to makeup their game on November 17 at 2 pm in Cullowhee, NC. The other two SoCon games will be rescheduled accordingly. Three non-conference games were also cancelled on September 15: Furman at Liberty, Appalachian State at Troy State, and Kentucky State at Chattanooga. Chattanooga has indicated that it intends to play the Kentucky State game on November 24. For more information on ETSU football or any further reschedulings, log on to www.ETSUBucs.com.
|Copyright ©2015 East Tennessee State Athletics. All Rights Reserved.


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Vim and Vigor
An Ounce a Day Helps Keep the Doctor Away
Vim and Vigor
An Ounce a Day Helps Keep the Doctor Away
What Our Customers Are Saying about Our Vim and Vigor …
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"I got this product to see if it would help with lowering my cholesterol. Although I haven't been to la doctora, I can state that it does help with digestion. I made the mistake of consuming a heavy fat meal (lots of cheese pizza). Feeling horrible, I remembered I had forgotten to take Vim & Vigor that day. Less than half an hour after taking Vim & Vigor, I felt much better--guess I needed more acid in the stomach to digest the fats. Overall, good product." - Loisirene, Independence, OH
"I decided to try V&V since I was told apple cider vinegar was "good for you." I found that it helped with easing the bloating feeling after eating several slices of cheese pizza. When I visited my naturopath doctor, I told him I was taking this & it had black cohosh in it, he said good and was pleased that I was taking it. He recommended taking it 5-10 minutes before eating to "prime the stomach acids into action." I recommend taking V&V cold as it is easier to swallow than room temperature. Overall, good value for the money & better than drugs." - Loisirene, Independence, OH
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Not sure where my question would fit, thought I would put it in here. Excuse my ignorance when it comes to the salary cap, rookie signing pool, questions.
Which is, just how much money do you have to pay someone? Ie) How much is the minimium to sign a #2 overall? Does it go by position, like a #2 Qb vs a SS? Is there a chart where I can see what the amounts are? I here everyone talk about the signing money a high 1st rounder takes, just wondering what the rules are on that. Or does it come as a percentage of what the Rookie Signing Pool is?
Thanks, and sorry if this was discussed earlier. Didn't see the topic, and don't really venture much too this forum.