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Can using an introduced animal to control another animal actually work on a large scale?
I have seen on the Internet the devastation being caused by cane toads and I was wondering if this is just a one off occurrence. If so, should this technique be used more often? Surely this biological control will actually work well if the research on the chosen animal is done properly. Also if it goes wrong surely the animals can be removed quickly so why didn't they do that for the came toad? Obviously it would be better if the animal didn't have to be introduced but it would be much more friendly way of controlling animals. No killing would be involved so it would also suit animal activists and if it works then one could focus less on controlling the actual pests population meaning it would also be cheaper.
http://www.rspb.org.uk/community/ourwork/b/markavery/archive/2010/10/11/pheasants.aspx - This is a link which explains some of the effects that pheasants have caused in the uk. They have not effected the natural environment very badly even though no research was done on to the effects. Surely this shows that if we are carefully then it is possible.
May 22 2013: The introduction of any species into a foreign environment always has unforeseeable complications, especially when it is considered that all species of flora and fauna carry their own microbial ecosystems. It's been said that about 3 pounds of adult human weight is hosted microbes (primarily beneficial). Quarantine for the microbes, let alone the introduced species that host them, is next to impossible. The movie "Rabbit-Proof Fence" circles the issue of containment of rabbits in Australia.
Synergies are essential to bolstering ecosystems; but, introducing species almost always eventually leads to the loss of multiple native species due to lack of competition favoring the introduced species.
I think the essential flaw in your premise is the idea that humans are outside of the global ecosystem and therefore capable of mastering it. Such thinking has led to many calamities that are well documented on the internet if you look around: kudzu, anacondas and killer bees in the US will give you plenty of places to start on wikipedia alone.
May 22 2013: However if you predicted these (ironically) "unforeseeable complications" then surely it would work?
Considering basic biology tells you using animals to control animals is a lot safer than using chemicals (like pesticides). Yet I don't know enough about this topic to give a proper opinion.
Surely you must admit it is better to try, than not to try at all?
(Or have I misunderstood your argument?) :-)
I'm not sure whether he is arguing "humans are outside of the global ecosystem and therefore capable of mastering it". I believe he is arguing that if we manipulated the ecosystem we are in, then it may produce more well-being (for humans that is).
May 22 2013: Thanks for your thoughts Bernard.
A simple Wikipedia search for "introduced species" yields a lot of answers. Check out this page: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Introduced_species
and a quote therefrom: "The effect of introduced species on natural environments is a controversial subject, and one that has gained much scrutiny by scientists, governments, farmers and others. Not all introduced species are problematic. Those species that spread widely and create significant problems are known as invasive species."
To summarize: humans can not predict the behavior or effects of a given species on a foreign environment because we do not have the required knowledge to address all of the factors involved therefore it is reckless to introduce any new species into an established biome.
Granted, we introduce foreign matter constantly, simply by moving around the planet, conducting trade and establishing monocultures that we use as foodstuffs. Although it is true that these activities have not made the world unlivable, it is also true that they have reduced global biodiversity significantly. For example, the common rat was introduced to New Zealand by infested ships and the creatures might seem to do no more harm there than they do in their native lands; but, the truth is they decimated insect, small mammal and bird populations that many New Zealand ecosystems relied upon, causing eventual failure of those systems and extinction for some species.
The idea that people know enough about any ecosystem on the planet to intelligently select the best or optimal species for a given environment follows naturally from a logic that ignores how much we don't know about the world we live in. We still can't classify much of the life in the Amazon's dwindling rainforest, for example. Surely, you agree that a computer model can not take into account migratory patterns, parasitic behavior, synergistic organisms and human impacts sufficiently to avoid error.May 23 2013: Thank you for replying. I understand what you are saying but if we can control the animal in a particular area and the pest is decreased in population without any major effects then surely they then can steal to be released from these areas slowly? Then we would not have to predict the outcomes but see the result ourselves. However I do believe that if the area does contain other more fragile species then I would not encourage this idea, especially as you say, the amazon rainforest as it could be catastrophic there. Though I do believe the idea could be used to contain other introduced species like rabbits and cane toads. I suppose the movie that you mentioned is about how bacteria is being spread to rabbits to destroy a large percentage of them. I strongly disagree with this idea as it is very unethical way of doing it.May 31 2013: I think it's just sweeping the mess under the rug, replacing one thing for another seems like bad math to me if you're trying to subtract and get zero, it's best not to add anything extra unless it's going to equal zero.
Animals are variable driven beings, they need many variables to thrive, cause many variables to happen where they live and determine the variables of other beings that live in the same area.
With those facts I'd think, using animals to rid other animals is a bad choice.May 25 2013: This has happened many times, the cane toad in Australia is just one such case, the introduction of rabbits in the early 1900's in Australia was another. They multiplied to the millions and were only stopped by introducing mixametosis, the disease specific to rabbits which wiped out the population to managable levels. In that case two introductions worked to cancel each. This worked because the disease was so specific. It failed with the cane toads because they could not be eaten ny predators (they are poisonous), had a vast area to expand into so food was not lacking and lastly they chose to eat food which was easier to obtain than the beetle they were sent to destroy. This happens when people think in a piecewise fashion so that they forget about the environmental interactions that constantly take place. To succeed you need in depth research and trials over maybe several years to be sure of what will happen and even then you could have missed something. This is the main weakness with GM food, the environmental effect of which has not been thoroughly studied.May 23 2013: Oh my gosh, I hope it works unlike how it often doesn't.May 23 2013: There have been some successful introductions but it needs to be a very specific introduction. Cane toads didn't work because they are prepared to eat anything and found a whole bunch of things they like better then cane beetles. Cactoblastis was better because it is a very choosey feeder.
May 23 2013: The "success" of the moth introduction to contain the failure of the cactus introduction has an irony to it don't you think?
If you take a peek at the Wikipedia page about the Cactoblastis moth you will find that its Caribbean introduction has resulted in it invading America, decimating the native cacti there, especially in Florida.
Perhaps the Australian "success" is more attributable to the absence of similar native succulents and the grace that allowed the moth to not find a native species to exploit, rather than any particular genius of the practice of introducing species.
May 23 2013: This is the area that I am quite interested in as somehow we need to reach an equilibrium between the 2 species population size. Surely when these moths were being introduced, the scientists were in control and were able to see the effects. If the scientists wited for the equilibrium to occur then surely this would not be a problem.May 27 2013: Perhaps the Australian "success" is more attributable to the absence of similar native succulents and the grace that allowed the moth to not find a native species to exploit, rather than any particular genius of the practice of introducing species.
Agreed. Cactoblastis only worked here because we don't have a whole lot of native cacti. Specificity is the key.


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Comments On Oct 15, 2014:When I installed these, I warmed up the swing arm and the sticker to Hawaii temperature before application. Perfect fit. Be sure to MEK the swingarm ALL the way forward because the sticker covers the entire length. They work great and provide a bit of protection. 3 days 500 miles in Baja and no prob.
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Comments On Oct 03, 2014:stuck well ,looks good
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Comments On Jul 29, 2013:Looks good, but the 2013 swing arm on the KTM has two levels and is not completely smooth. The graphic curves don't line up exactly, so part of the graphic drops down to the second level and make it look a little off...if you really look closely.
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Comments On Jul 10, 2013:Peeled the paper off the back and was shocked how sticky it was. Put on and took of twice to adjust and still was vey sticky. Looks good to.
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text: Front Back Back Photos (4) Video View larger Sony STR-DA5800ES 9.2-channel home theater receiver, Internet-ready Item #: 158ST5800E 4 Reviews This item is no longer available. Original Price: $2,099.99 Shop all Home Theater Receivers Need help? 1.888.955.6000 Email Chat Ask an expert advisor No pressure, no commission — just lots of good advice from our highly trained staff. Overview Reviews Details Articles & Videos by Marshall Chase Welcome aboard the Sony ES flagship Sony's top-of-the-lineSTR-DA5800ES receiver boasts nine channels of robust amplification and cutting-edge digital processing for captivating surround sound and crisp lifelike images with all your favorite movies, TV shows, and video games. You also get convenient connections that you won't find on most other receivers — including a built-in 4-port Ethernet switch and HDMI outputs for you main room plus a second zone. But you can also make this clever receiver the centerpiece of a home automation system. A receiver that can double as a home automation center At heart, the Sony STR-DA5800ES is all about entertainment, with the amplification and digital processing you need for crisp home theater images and gripping surround sound. It boasts convenient connections that you won't find on most receivers — like a built-in 4-port Ethernet switch and HDMI outputs for you main room plus a second zone. But you can also make this clever receiver the centerpiece of a home automation system. Sony's Easy Automation helps you get right to the fun The STR-DA5800ES comes with four fully customizable "scenes" that let you carry out an array of tasks with a single button push. Hit "Movie" to turn on your TV, start your Blu-ray player, and set volume and soundfield settings as desired. The receiver includes infrared blasters to control your additional components. Add Control4®-compatible lighting dimmers, and you can even make the 'DA5800ES dim the lights when your movie starts. Sony's one-room Easy Automation is built-in, so the receiver is ready out of the box for a simplified home theater experience. Plus, you can use additional Control4® accessories (not included) to run a full-fledged multi-room automation system throughout your home. (See more info on Control4 home automation and lighting.) Sound foundations Good sound always starts with clean, stable power. The STR-DA5800ES supplies its 9-channel amplifier with a beefy power transformer. Large block capacitors provide plenty of instantaneous current when dynamic peaks in your music or movies demand it. Convenient Internet entertainment hub A built-in Ethernet hub lets you connect the 'DA5800ES to your broadband network and provides three Ethernet ports for your other Internet-ready devices. But easy connections are just the beginning. Access a virtually limitless variety of music from online music services like Pandora® Internet radio or Slacker®. This receiver even comes with Netflix® streaming onboard, so you can instantly enjoy your favorite movies and shows. (Registration or subscription may be required.) Sony also offers a free, downloadable ES Remote app for your iPhone or Android™ smartphone so you can use it as a convenient Wi-Fi remote. Full control is in the palm of your hand with a remote that won't get lost in the sofa cushions. Requires connection to a wireless home network. Three HDMI outputs give you setup flexibility The '5800ES sports three HDMI outputs, two for your main viewing room and a third for a second room. In your main room, you can use the A and B outputs to connect a TV and a projector, or you could connect two TVs for watching the big game on both screens simultaneously. The third HDMI output lets you select an independent input source and send it to your secondary viewing room. Cable clutter out — sublime picture quality in HDMI switching lets you connect up to nine high-definition video components. With both audio and video signals going via HDMI, you'll have convenient single-cable connections to your compatible high-def components, and just one cable running to your TV. Plus, sophisticated video processing helps you get a better picture with older video sources like a VCR or non-HD cable box: just hook them up to the receiver with analog cables, and it sends a cleaner-looking digital signal to your TV via HDMI. Easy system setup and control Sony knows that most rooms present acoustic hurdles that can make setting up your system in the traditional way a time-consuming hassle. That's why they've included their auto speaker calibration, which takes away the pain, making setup quick, simple, and accurate. Just plug in the included microphone, place it in your favorite seat, and the 'DA5800ES automatically adjusts the volume and delay settings for each speaker. The result is precise, well-balanced home theater sound, custom-tailored for your specific room and speakers. And with Sony's intuitive on-screen menu, selecting sources and preferences is just a convenient click away. Learn about the ins and outs of HDMI connections at the Crutchfield Learning Center. Shop our selection of HDMI cables. Highlights:Power and Processing:9-channel amplifier130 watts per channel into 8 ohms (20-20,000 Hz) at 0.09% THD, with 2 channels drivenDolby® TrueHD, DTS-HD Master Audio decoding, Pro Logic® IIz, and Digital Cinema Sound processinganalog-to-HDMI video upconversion (up to 1080p)Digital Cinema Auto Calibration for accurate and easy automatic speaker setupDigital Entertainment Options:built-in Ethernet hub connects to your broadband home network and has three outlets for additional componentsfront-panel USB input for direct digital connection of your iPod®, portable music player or thumb driveplays high-resolution digital music files via USB storage device or a networked computer (up to 24-bit/192kHz resolution)DLNA (Digital Living Network Alliance) certified to ensure optimal compatibility with other network-enabled equipmentoptional streaming services include Netflix,Pandora® Internet radio, Slacker®, and Sony Music Unlimited (registration and subscription may be required)Multi-room Audio/Video:dual-room/dual-source outputpowered and line-level stereo audio output for 2nd room (using powered 2nd-room output allows 7.2 home theater in main room)dedicated Zone 2 HDMI outputonly analog audio sources, built-in tuner, or HDMI input sources can be played in the 2nd roomConnections:1080p-compatible HDMI digital video switching (9 in, 3 out)HDMI version 1.4a with support for 3D video, Audio Return Channel, Deep Color, x.v.Color, auto lip-sync, and HDMI-CECAudio Return Channel function receives digital audio signals from a compatible HDTV's tuner via HDMIBRAVIA Sync for simplified operation with compatible Sony components (HDMI-CEC)built-in 4-port Ethernet hubcomponent video switching (2 in, 2 out)digital audio inputs: 3 optical, 3 coaxialfive audio/video inputs with composite video, including:1 front-panel input4 rear-panel inputs3 audio-only inputs, including a phono input for hooking up a turntable2 sets of main speaker outputs (use of a second set for main output limits the system to 5.2 channels in the main room)preamp outputs for 2 powered subwoofersGeneral Features:free Sony remote app lets you use your iPod touch®, iPhone or Android device as a Wi-Fi remoteHDMI standby pass-through allows access to all HDMI connected devices without having to power on the receiveradvanced on-screen graphical user interface (via HDMI and component video output)back surround speaker channels re-assignable for bi-amping front left and right speakersmultibrand remote60 AM/FM presetsdual rear switched AC outlets for convenient component connection16-15/16"W x 7-1/4"H x 17-15/16"Dweight: 39.7 lbs.warranty: 5 yearsOur 60-day money-back guarantee Receivers: Your ticket to sensational sound Your receiver powers your speakers and lets you connect and select your entertainment sources. But a great receiver does a lot more it ignites your emotions. From the passion of a favorite musical artist, to the crossfire of a super-charged movie soundtrack, to the intensity and immersion of a fast-paced video game, your receiver is the key to experiencing and enjoying it in full. Sony STR-DA5800ES Reviews Average Customer Review: 4 reviews Review this product Submit a review and then enter to win a $350 rewards card Filter by rating: 5 Star: (0) 4 Star: (0) 3 Star: (0) 2 Star: (0) 1 Star: (0) Review this product: Thanks for taking the time to share your experiences about this product. Please be sure to focus your comments on the product itself. Read our Review Guidelines for more information. Review title * Email Your email won't be visible. Please use the email address that is associated with your order. 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We reserve the right (but are not obligated to) review all submissions and edit or remove any review in any manner which we deem necessary. Your review should be posted within seven days. Completely Fine Written By ChrisS, Louisville KY on Saturday, March 22, 2014 Crutchfield Customer Review (What's this?) I have this receiver hooked up to a Sony panel and a PS4 which I use for blurays and netflix. The receiver is driving Definitive Mythos STs and matched deftech center and rears. Here's the good news: The rig sounds great for both music and movies. Good job Sony and Definitive. (I speculate that the Mythos STs with their powered subs do not load the receiver very hard. Your mileage may vary.) The receiver and included microphone also did a great job with calibration. It was simple to use made the sound seamless. Here's the bad news: I selected this receiver from among the competition precisely because the other two devices are Sony products. My hope was that the devices would interoperate well and I would be able to use one remote. Not so much. Sometimes turning on the TV will bring on the receiver. It never turns on the PS4. And sometimes just the TV comes on. Sometimes the TV controls the receiver volume, sometimes not. Most annoying: the PS4/receiver combination consistently decides to play in 2.0 sound when starting a bluray. The work around is to power cycle the receiver and then it selects the proper encoding. I don't think I'm going to return it because it does sound good. But I am considering it because of the 2.0 problem with the PS4. Was this review helpful? Yes No Good job Sony Written By Ted, Odessa, Tx on Thursday, November 21, 2013 Crutchfield Customer Review (What's this?) Sound is very dynamic and easy to adjust. I have a sony tv which integrated nicely. The power can be felt in action movies and the reciever never gets hot. Picture is also very nice. The unit is heavy. Looking through the vent holes, you can see the quality of the unit. Its a big step up from sony's regular line. Pros: Great sound, awesome picture, all the connectivity that you will ever need, easy GUI, plenty of power, build quality Cons: None yet 4 out of 4 people found this helpful Was this review helpful? Yes No sony STR-DA5800ES Written By James39, Washington DC on Wednesday, October 30, 2013 Crutchfield Customer Review (What's this?) The best amp. Sony have put out in along time. you need to read the Operating instruction first. Pros: I hear sounds that I never heard before even Cons: none 1 out of 1 people found this helpful Was this review helpful? Yes No Sony STR-DA5800ES Written By John, Flemington,NJ on Thursday, May 23, 2013 Crutchfield Customer Review (What's this?) Awesome receiver, plenty of power for my Polk Audio Pros: Wi-Fi Cons: None 1 out of 3 people found this helpful Was this review helpful? Yes No Hands-on research Features and specs chart | What's in the box? | In-depth notes What's in the box? Download owner's manual 9.2ch AV receiver 6.5' AC power cord Wireless remote control (RM-AAU154) 2 "AA" batteries Automatic calibration microphone u 4 IR blasters (with two-sided tape) Lighting Control Adapter (UWA-C4Z) AM loop antenna FM wire antenna with slip-on "F" connector Speaker-terminal tool Operating Instructions Quick Setup Guide Warranty sheet On-line registration sheet Caution/Attention note Features and Specs General Number Of Channels 9 Stereo RMS Power (watts) 130 THD in Stereo 0.09 % Frequency Bandwidth (stereo) 20-20k Hz FM Sensitivity Not Given HD Radio Tuner No On-Screen Display Thru HDMI, Component Auto Speaker Calibration DCAC EX HDMI Standby Pass-through Yes Composite Video Conversion From Composite to HDMI, Component Component Video Conversion From Component Video to HDMI, Composite HDMI to HDMI Upconversion No Internet-ready Yes Apple AirPlay No App Remote Control Yes Bluetooth-compatible No USB port for iPod/iPhone Yes DLNA Certified AudioVideoPhoto MHL-compatible No Multibrand Remote Control Yes Learning Remote No LCD Remote No Width (inches) 16-15/16 Height (inches) 7-1/4 Depth (inches) 17-15/16 Weight (pounds) 39.6875 Parts Warranty 5 Years Labor Warranty 5 Years Multi-room Audio--Video Powered Multi-room Audio Output Yes Preamp Multi-room Audio Output Yes Multi-room Video Yes Multi-room HDMI Output Yes Surround Processing Dolby Digital DD, EX, TrueHD, DD+ Dolby Atmos N/A DTS DTS, ES, HD, HDMA, Neo6, NeoX, 96/2 Inputs & Outputs Phono Input 1 Audio-Video Inputs 9 Audio-only Inputs 3 Component Video Inputs 2 Component Video Monitor Outputs 1 Optical Digital Inputs 3 Coaxial Digital Inputs 3 Optical Digital Outputs None Coaxial Digital Outputs None HDMI Inputs 9 HDMI Monitor Outputs 2 Subwoofer Outputs 2 Multi-Channel Analog Input Yes Multi-channel Preamp Output Yes Main Speaker Output Pairs 1 Main Speaker Terminals Posts Ethernet Port Y USB Connections 1 Front Removable Power Cord IEC 3-prong Product Research Audio Features Video Features Network & Tuner Functions USB/iPod Functions Convenience Features Remote Control Audio Features ES (Elevated Standard) Series:The Sony STR-DA5800ES AV receiver is part of Sony's ES (Elevated Standard) line-up. The AV receiver's incredible sound quality comes from care and craftsmanship with the ultimate goal of creating powerful, audiophile grade sound while eliminating distortion. Carefully selected parts tuned for high-resolution sound with amazing clarity are combined with technology developed specifically for the ES-line. Its power transformer has the largest core size for this class of AV receiver and has been separated from the AC line to eliminate residual noise. Sony has even adopted a lead-free, nearly pure tin solder to connect all these parts and help maintain the signal quality. These devices are particularly critical for sound quality and provide an overall improvement to the entire frequency range. The STR-DA5800ES comes with an industry leading 5-year parts and labor warranty, 90-day advanced exchange program, and dedicated toll-free support line staffed by CEDIA-trained product experts (1-877-619-7669; Monday - Friday 10am - 7pm ET). 9.2ch AV Receiver: The Sony STR-DA5800ES AV receiver is equipped with a 9-channel amplifier rated at 130 watts (into 8-ohms, at 20-20khz, with 0.09% THD, driving 2 channels) and dual subwoofer preamp outputs for a Dolby Digital/DTS home theater application. The 9-channel amplifier can be configured to suit your home AV application. 9.2ch Surround Back + Front High: Allows you to enjoy high-fidelity reproduction of Dolby Digital TrueHD, Dolby Digital Plus, DTS-HD (High-Resolution Audio or Master Audio), DTS NEO:X & Dolby Pro Logic IIz with up to 9.2 channel surround, using the Surround Back & Front High speaker channels. Zone 2: If you are not using Surround Back speakers, you can re-assign the Surround Back/Zone 2 channels of the receiver to amplify a pair of speakers in a another room (Zone 2). Zone 2 can play the same source or a different source as your main zone. Front A & B Speakers: The receiver is equipped with Front A & B speaker outputs, allowing you to place a second pair of speakers in another room of the house. Speaker B can be played at the same time of Speaker A, or by itself. Speaker B will play the same audio source as Speaker A, at the same volume level. Bi-Amp: If you are not using the Surround Back/Zone 2 channels at all, you can connect them to your front speakers using a bi-amplifier connection (provides better sound quality for front speakers). A bi-amplification connection uses two amplifiers for one speaker. One amplifier is connected to the woofer section of a loudspeaker while the other is connected to the combined midrange and tweeter section. With this arrangement each amplifier operates over a limited frequency range, making its job easier. Digital Cinema Auto Calibration EX (DCAC EX): The Sony STR-DA5800ES is equipped with Digital Cinema Auto Calibration EX Technology which uses the included microphone to automatically check the speaker connections, calculate the distance from each speaker to the listening position, adjust the speaker output levels, correct phase, and distinguish frequency characteristics of each speaker. The microphone has an 15' cord attached that plugs into the microphone input on front of the receiver. You can also choose to manually adjust the AV receiver's speaker settings. Auto Format Direct (A.F.D.) Mode: The Auto Format Direct (A.F.D.) mode allows you to listen to high fidelity sound and select the decoding mode for listening to a 2-channel stereo sound as multi-channel. You can set the A.F.D. mode to Auto or Multi Stereo. A.F.D. Auto: Presets the sound as it was recorded/encoded without adding any surround effects. Multi Stereo: Outputs 2-channel left/right signals from all speakers. Dolby Digital/DTS/Dolby Pro Logic: The Sony STR-D5800ES AV receiver features Dolby Digital and DTS-HD decoding, as well as offers Dolby Pro Logic audio processing. Dolby Digital: Dolby Digital, Dolby, Digital EX, Dolby Digital Plus, Dolby TrueHD DTS: DTS, DTS-ES, DTS-HD Master Audio, DTS-HD High Resolution, DTS Express, DTS 96/24, DTS Neo: 6, DTS Neo:X Dolby Pro Logic: Dolby Pro Logic II, Dolby Pro Logic IIx, Dolby Pro Logic IIz Note: Dolby Digital and DTS listening modes can only be selected if your audio source is connected to the AV preamplifier via a digital audio connection (HDMI, optical, or coaxial). To enjoy true 7.1ch Dolby Digital TrueHD and DTS-HD surround sound, the preamp must be connected to your Blu-ray player via HDMI. HD Digital Cinema Sound (HD D.C.S): HD Digital Cinema Sound (HD-D.C.S.) is Sony's new innovative home theater technology using the latest acoustic and digital signal processing technologies. It is based on precise response measurement data of a mastering studio. With this mode, you are able to enjoy Blu-ray and DVD movies at home with not only the high quality of sound, but also the best sound ambience, just as the movie's sound engineer intended in the mastering process. HD-D.C.S. has three different types: Dynamic, Theater, and Studio. Each type has different reflection and reverberation sound mixture levels and is optimized to match a listener's room uniqueness, taste and mood. Pre-Programmed Soundfields: You can also take advantage of surround sound simply by selecting one of the Sony receiver's preprogrammed sound fields. These soundfields help to simulate the effect of a live venue. Choose from Berlin Philharmonic Hall, Concertgebouw Amsterdam, Musikverein Vienna, Jazz Club, Live Concert, Stadium, Sports, or Portable Audio. Front Height Effects: By using the front high speakers, you can lift up the sounds of the center speaker to an appropriate height on the screen. This function (Center Speaker Lift Up) allows you to enjoy a more natural representation. In addition, the receiver can reproduce front high speakers virtually even when there are no actual front high speakers connected. This function also allows you to reproduce the Center Speaker Lift Up effect using the front high speakers, as well as reproduce various sound field features utilizing the front high channels the receiver is equipped with. Analog Direct: The receiver's Analog Direct mode outputs audio from only the front left and right speakers without any tone or DSP processing; only the volume and front speaker balance adjustments are active. Analog direct can be used for 2 channel speaker playback, or while listening to headphones. DSD + H.A.T.S.: DSD (Direct Digital Stream) is an audio format utilized for high-resolution formats like SACD, transmitted via HDMI cable, to minimize information loss and maintain audio signal purity. The High Quality Digital Audio Transmission System (H.A.T.S.) function transmits signals from a Super Audio CD player connected via an HDMI connection with high quality. Sony DLL (Digital Legato Linear) Audio Scaler: The Sony DLL Audio Scaler analyzes and upscales standard definition (compressed) audio signals (44.1kHz/48kHz/96kHz) to 192kHz. It's effective for USB and network content. Sound Optimizer: No longer do you have to miss out on a movie's dynamic sound effects when you need to keep the volume low; the sound optimizer enables you to hear the smallest sound effect at low volumes. This dynamic feature gives you the best reproduction of sound effects while keeping the intended sound stage at high or low volume levels. It automatically calibrates the sound which cannot be heard well when you turn down the volume level. After Auto Calibration is performed, the sound level is optimized to suit your environment. Advanced Auto Volume: Advanced Auto Volume adjusts the volume automatically depending on the input signal or content from the connected equipment. This function is useful, for example, when the sound of a commercial is louder than the TV programs. Dynamic Range Compressor: This feature allows you to compress the dynamic range of the sound track. You can select standard or maximum compression, or off (only works with Dolby Digital sources). Equalizer: You can adjust the tonal quality (bass and treble level) of the front speakers from -6dB to +6dB, in 1dB steps. Audio Inputs/Outputs: The Sony STR-DA5800ES offers a variety of analog and digital audio inputs/outputs. Digital Inputs: The receiver has three optical digital inputs and three coaxial digital inputs (all assignable). You can choose auto decoding or PCM for the digital audio inputs. Auto will decode the signal in its original form (Dolby Digital, DTS, PCM, etc), PCM decodes the signal to 2-channel. Phono Input: The Sony AV receiver is fitted with a Phono input (MM), so you can connect your turntable and listen to your vinyl records with high-quality sound. Multi-Channel Inputs: This unit has discrete 7.1-channel analog inputs (Front, Center, Surround, Surround Back, Sub) for connecting DVD-Audio and Super-Audio CD players or an external decoder. Binding Post Speaker Terminals: The receiver is equipped with binding post speaker terminals for all speaker connections (Front A, Front B, Center, Surround, Surround Back/Zone 2, & Front High). The binding post speaker terminals will accept bare wire (up to 12-gauge), banana plugs (single/dual), or pin-connectors. This receiver can accept 4-ohm to 16-ohm speakers. 7.2ch Preamp Outputs: The AV receiver features 7.2-channel pre-amp outputs (Front, Center, Surround, Surround Back, and Dual Subs) for connection to external power amplifiers. Headphone Jack: When headphones are plugged into the full-size 1/4" jack on the front panel, all the speakers are automatically muted. Video Features 11 HD Inputs: The Sony STR-DA5800ES is equipped with 10 HD inputs. Nine HDMI v.1.4 inputs let you connect a high-definition satellite receiver, Blu-ray Disc player, and game system for high definition video and audio. Two component inputs provide added HD-capable connectivity and versatility. HDMI (1080p/4k): The receiver is equipped with nine HDMI v.1.4 inputs (8 rear/1 front) for connecting HDMI-equipped audio/video components. All nine HDMI inputs are capable of carrying uncompressed digital audio and 1080p video; as well as 3D video. The rear-panel HDMI 1/HDMI 2 and front-panel HDMI 9 inputs also support 4k pass-through. In addition, there are two HDMI v.1.4 monitor outputs (ARC capable) that feed audio/video signals to up to two TVs. You can toggle or simultaneously output the same video between two displays, such as two televisions or a television plus a projector. There is also a third HDMI (v1.4) Zone 2 output, so you can view a different audio/video source in another room of your home. Component Video (1080i): This unit features 2 component video inputs (1080i capable) and a component video monitor output. These jacks feature an 80 MHz bandwidth, making them capable of passing high-definition video signals. HDMI Upconvert/Upscale (4k): The Sony AV receiver's HDMI upconvert/upscale function improves image quality of standard-definition analog connected devices to high-definition quality. Analog connected device signals (component/composite) are converted to digital, upscaled, and output via HDMI (up to 4k), making one cable connection from the receiver to your TV possible. The STR-DA5800ES also has a Direct mode which bypasses the receiver's upconverter/upscaler to display the connected source's native signal. Note: Composite video signal can also be upconverted/upscaled to component video (up to 1080i) and component video signal can be down-converted to composite video (480i only). Faroudja DCDi Cinema Technology: The STR-DA5800ES is equipped with Faroudja DCDi Cinema IC technology to help correct jaggedness often seen after I/P (Interlace/Progressive) conversion. This produces a smooth, high-definition-quality picture. 24p True Cinema Mode: The 24p True Cinema Mode allows you to watch movies at their native frame rate 24p format (24 frames per second) when paired with a 24p playback device like a Blu-ray Disc Player. 3D-Ready: The Sony STR-DA5800ES is compatible with 3D-ready Blu-ray disc movies, video games, and other 3D content through its HDMI (v.1.4) connections. 3D viewing requires 3D-ready source with 3D content, 3D-ready HDTV, 3D glasses, and high-speed HDMI cable. Other 3D accessories may also be needed. HDMI Preview: HDMI Preview provides live video thumbnails of the available content on your devices connected to the receiver via HDMI (1-4). As a result, you can preview audio/video streams coming from up to 4 HDMI inputs previously assigned to input selectors on your HDMI connected TV, while enjoying viewing another source input. HDMI Standby Pass-Through: The HDMI Standby Pass-Through feature conveniently allows you to access all your HDMI connected devices without having to power on the receiver. ARC (Audio Return Channel): This feature allows audio to be sent from your compatible HDTV to your receiver through the same HDMI cable already being used to send audio and video to your HDTV. This eliminates the need for extra cables connected to your television. A/V Sync: The audio output can be delayed so that the time gap between the audio output and the visual display is minimized. This is especially helpful when you are using a large LCD or plasma TV or a projection TV. When activated, the delay can be adjusted from 0-1200 msec or set to Auto. Deep Color & x.v.Color Support: The STR-DA5800ES supports Deep Color and x.v.Color content, which can display a larger color range than standard-definition schemes. The result is a more lifelike, vibrant picture. Front AV Input: The Sony AV receiver is equipped with a front-panel AV input which consists of a composite video input, stereo audio RCA input, and HDMI input. Network & Tuner Functions Network Connection: The Sony STR-DA5800ES AV receiver is equipped with four Ethernet (RJ-45) ports so you can use the receiver as a hub and connect your other network components to your router through the AV receiver. By connecting the AV receiver to your home network you are able to stream select Internet services and audio/video media stored on your window-based PC to your home AV system. The following system environment is required to use the network function of this receiver. Broadband Line Connection: A Broadband line connection to the Internet is required in order to listen to select online music services and to use the software update function of the receiver. Modem: This is the device that is connected to the broadband line to communicate with the Internet. Some of these devices are integrated with the router. Router: Use a router compatible with 100 Mbps or greater transmission speed to enjoy content on your home network. 802.11 b/g compatible wireless router for WiFi connection. LAN Cable (CAT5): A LAN cable (CAT5) is required for hardwired connection. DLNA Certified: By connecting the Sony STR-DA5800ES to your home's network you can enjoy content from your home network; such as photo (JPEG/PNG/GIF), videos (MPEG/WMV9/AVCHD/Xvid), & music (MP3/WMA/AAC/WAV/FLAC) files stored on your Windows 7 PC (or other DLNA Certified media server) through the Sony AV receiver. The receiver can recognize up to 999 files from one DLNA server. Videos can only be played back in standard-definition. The Sony STR-DA5800ES's DLNA function supports Windows-based PCs only. If you have a Windows 7-based computer, use the Windows Media Player 12 bundled with Windows 7. If you have a Windows XP or Windows Vista-based computer, install Windows Media Player 11 software. Party Streaming: You can play music in other rooms simultaneously by connecting Sony products which are compatible with DLNA and the Party Streaming function. Bravia Entertainment Network: The Sony STR-DA5800ES receiver has the capability to stream select audio/video content from the Internet, through Sony's Bravia Entertainment Network. Online Movie Services: You can view select music services offered on the internet with this receiver. You'll be able to enjoy some of the web's most popular online movie services; Netflix(5.1ch), Hulu Plus, Vudu, Video Unlimited, CinemaNow, Amazon Instant Video, YouTube and more. Online Music Services: You can listen to select music services offered on the internet with this receiver. You'll be able to enjoy some of the web's most popular internet radio services; vTuner, Pandora, Music Unlimited, Slacker, NPR, and more. The STR-DA5800ES will display station name and program-related information on your TV, via the receiver's on-screen menu (HDMI only). You can store up to 20 of your favorite internet radio stations. Note: Visit the Sony Entertainment Network for a full list of the latest internet content. Requires home network with a connection speed of at least 2.5 Mbps recommended (10 Mbps for HD content). Video quality and picture size vary and are dependent upon broadband speed and delivery by content provider. Online content may require additional fees and/or PC registration. Available online content may change without notice. Favorites: You can save up to 18 favorite Internet content items for quicker, easier access. AM/FM Tuner: The STR-DA5800ES has 30 presets each for AM and FM for a total of 60. In addition to preset and auto tuning, stations can be tuned directly by frequency. Each preset station can be given an 8 character name. Software/Firmware Update: By downloading the latest version of software/firmware from Sony, you can take advantage of the newest functions. The receiver accesses the Sony server to update the software/firmware through its hardwired network connection. The tested AV receiver contained software/firmware version 0.939, with an immediate update for software/firmware version 0.973 (as of 11/1/2012). Visit the Sony eSuport website for the latest software updates. USB/iPod Functions Front-Panel USB Port: The AV receiver's front-panel USB (type-A) ports allow you to play photo (JPEG/PNG/GIF), videos (MPEG/WMV9/AVCHD/Xvid), & music (MP3/WMA/AAC/WAV/FLAC) files on a connected USB Mass Storage Class (MSC) compliant device; such as your Android smartphone, portable digital audio player, or USB thumbdrive. The USB Device must be formatted in FAT12/16/32. The receiver can recognize up to 500 files per device. You are able to control Play/Pause, Stop, Fast Forward/Rewind, Skip (previous/next), and Folder (up/down) functions of your connected USB device. The receiver will also charge your USB device while connected to the front-panel USB port (1A). iPod/iPhone/iPad Connection: The Sony STR-DA5800ES supports audio & video playback of your iPod, iPhone, or iPad through its front-panel USB port and AV input. Audio Playback: The USB (type-A) port on the front-panel provides convenient connection for your iPod, iPhone, or iPad. The USB connection means that the digital audio signal from your iPod, iPhone, or iPad is transmitted directly to the system, minimizing noise interference and allowing use of the receiver's DAC, not the DAC in your Apple device. This results in more precise sound reproduction. You can navigate your iPod/iPhone's music via the system's on-screen menu and remote control, or continue to use your iPod/iPhone's clickwheel or touchscreen. You can browse your iPod/iPhone's music content via Playlist, Artist, Album, Song, Genre, Composer, Podcast, or Audiobook. You can also control Repeat & Shuffle functions. Song/artist information and Album Art will display on your connected TV. Your iPod/iPhone's battery will be charged (max. 1A) while connected. Video Playback: You can also view video from stored movies and movie apps from select iPods, iPhone, and iPads by connecting your Apple device to the AV receiver's front-panel USB and HDMI input. Use the Apple Lightning-to-Digital AV Adapter (472LT2HDMI sold separately), the Apple Lightning-to-USB cable that came with your device, and a HDMI cable (sold separately) to connect your iPod touch (5th gen), iPhone 5/5C/5S, iPad 4, or iPad mini to the AV receiver. Use the Apple Dock-to-Digital AV Adapter (47230PHDMI, sold separately), the Apple Dock-to-USB cable that came with your device, and a HDMI cable (sold separately) to connect your iPod touch (4th gen), iPhone 4/4S, or iPad (1/2/3). Using the HDMI input, video from your iPod/iPhone/iPad can only be navigated from your Apple device's clickwheel or touchscreen. iPod/iPhone Compatibility Chart: Using the included iPod/iPhone dock, the Sony STR-DA5800ES AV receiver supports the following iPod/iPhone models and functions (as of 9/24/2013): Apple Device Generation Tested Version Media Type Control Type Display Type Charge Audio Video Remote iPod/iPhone Album Art Artist/Song Text Track Info iPad 1 5.1.1 Y O Y Y Y Y Y N 2 7.0 Y O Y Y Y Y Y N 3 7.0 Y O Y Y Y Y Y N 4 7.0 Y O Y Y Y Y Y N mini 7.0 Y O Y Y Y Y Y Y iPhone 2G 3.1.3 Y N Y Y Y Y Y Y 3G 4.2.1 Y N Y Y Y Y Y Y 3GS 5.1.1 Y N Y Y Y Y Y Y 4 7.0 Y O Y Y Y Y Y Y 4S 7.0 Y O Y Y Y Y Y Y 5 7.0 Y O Y Y Y Y Y Y 5C 7.0 Y O Y Y Y Y Y Y 5S 7.0 Y O Y Y Y Y Y Y touch 1st 2.2.1 Y N Y Y Y Y Y Y 2nd 4.2.1 Y N Y Y Y Y Y Y 3rd 5.1.1 Y N Y Y Y Y Y Y 4th 6.1.3 Y O Y Y Y Y Y Y 5th 7.0 Y O Y Y Y Y Y Y nano 2nd 1.1.3 Y N Y Y Y Y Y Y 3rd 1.1.3 Y O Y Y Y Y Y Y 4th 1.0.4 Y O Y Y Y Y Y Y 5th 1.0.2 Y O Y Y Y Y Y Y 6th 1.2 PC Y N Y Y Y Y Y Y 7th 1.02 PC Y N Y Y Y Y Y Y classic 80GB 1.1.2 Y N Y Y Y Y Y Y 120GB 2.0.1 Y N Y Y Y Y Y Y 160GB 2.0.4 Y N Y Y Y Y Y Y Note: Apple iPod/iPhone software updates may change functionality results. If you download a newer software version, you may need to reset the unit and your iPod/iPhone to regain functionality. If this doesn't work, you may need to wait until a newer software update is available. Convenience Features On-Screen Menu w/ Setup Wizard (via HDMI): You can display the receiver's on-screen menu on your HDMI or Component video connected TV screen and select the function you want to use from the on-screen menu using the included IR remote control. You can easily access and manage your input devices and settings with this intuitive "activity based" on-screen menu. The STR-DA5800ES on-screen, set-up wizard will take you through everything you need to create and control your home theater experience. If your TV is connected to the composite video monitor output, you will need to use the AV receiver's front-panel display when changing settings. Multi-Zone: The Sony STR-DA5800ES AV receiver allows you to enjoy the same or different audio/video sources in the three different rooms of your home. Main Zone: The Main Zone offers 9.2-channel playback of all your audio/video gear in your main entertainment room. Zone 2: Tuner, Analog, HDMI, USB, and Network input sources are supported in Zone 2 (optical/coaxial digital sources cannot be output to Zone 2). Zone 2 features line-level and speaker audio outputs. This way, Zone 2 can be powered by a separate amplifier (keeping 9.2ch playback in your main room) or by the STR-DA5800ES's built-in amplifier (limiting the main room to 7.2ch). The volume of Zone 2 can be controlled by the Sony receiver using either configuration or from your add-on amplifier when using the line-output. The Sony AV receiver also provides a Zone 2 HDMI, Component, or Composite video output, so two different HDMI, Component, or Composite video feeds can be sent to two different displays at the same time directly from the receiver (you must connect the same video connection to your second display monitor as connected to your receiver for that particular source; there is no video-conversion or scaling for Zone 2). HDMI Zone 2 will also output audio signals (2ch only) for the HDMI input source selected (volume controlled by secondary TV or additional receiver). The audio/video capabilities of main zone will be limited by that of Zone 2 when you select the same HDMI input function for both Main zone and Zone 2. The receiver also features a Zone 2 RJ-45 video output that can be used for custom installation by a qualified installer. The Zone 2 RJ-45 video output can send a source video signal to the component video input of a display monitor in another room of your home (requires a CAV-CVB1 component video balum, sold separately). The RJ-45 pinouts use the T568B standard (do not use this jack for an Ethernet LAN connection). Zone 3: Zone 3 allows playback of an analog audio source in 2-channel stereo in a third room of your home. Zone 3 only features stereo line-level outputs, so a separate power amplifier is needed to power the speakers in this zone. Tuner, Analog, USB, and Network input sources are supported in Zone 3 (Video, HDMI, and optical/coaxial digital sources cannot be output to Zone 3). The volume of Zone 2 can be controlled by the Sony receiver or your add-on integrated amplifier. Programmable Ambiance: With the STR-DA5800ES, you can create, save, and launch pre-programmed scenes and moods. For instance, choose "Watch A Movie" and the lights dim, the volume and EQ adjust to where you want, the inputs switch, and your home theater comes alive. It even lets you create scenes for all of your entertainment options, whether it's movie watching, music for private listening or a house party, or for late nighttime viewing. Input Naming: You can enter a name of up to 8 characters for each of the receiver's inputs (except Tuner) and display the name on its display. This is convenient for labeling the jacks with the names of your connected components. Input Mode: When you connect components to both digital and analog audio input jacks on the receiver, you can fix the audio input mode to either of them, or switch from one to the other, depending on the type of material you intend to watch. Settings Lock: The STR-DA5800ES lets you lock the settings of the receiver, so they are not inadvertently changed. Sleep Timer: The unit may be set to automatically turn off after 30, 60, 90, or 120 minutes. Dimmer: You can adjust the brightness of the display in 3 steps; Dim Max, Dim Mid, and Dim Off. AC Outlets: The Sony STR-DA5800ES is fitted with two switched AC outlets to plug in your AV gear. Auto Standby: Auto Standby lets you set the receiver switch to standby mode automatically after 30 minutes when you do not operate the receiver or when there is no signal input to the receiver. Remote Control Multibrand Remote: The supplied remote (RM-AAU154) is pre-coded to control this Sony receiver, Sony TVs, Sony CD players, Sony DVD players and recorders, and Sony Blu-ray disc players and recorders. You can also program this remote to control non-Sony audio/video components through the receiver's on-screen menu and setup wizard. The remote even has a dedicated Netflix button to instantly access your Netflix account. Bravia Theater Sync: Sony's Bravia Theater Sync feature allows you to easily manage select BRAVIA televisions and Sony HDMI audio and video components with a single remote. By connecting Sony components that are compatible with the HDMI Control function with a HDMI cable, operation is simplified in the following ways. One-Touch-Play: When you playback a component such as a DVD/Blu-ray Disc Player, the receiver and the TV are turned on automatically and switch to the appropriate HDMI input. System Audio Control: While watching TV, you can select to output the sound from the TV speaker or the speakers connected to the receiver. System Power Off: When you turn off the TV, the receiver and connected components are also turned off simultaneously. Theater Mode Sync: Allows you to switch the AV receiver's Theater mode from the receiver's, TV, or connected Blu-ray disc player's remote control, while pointing the remote toward your television. Sony ES Remote App: Download Sony's free ES Remote app from the iTunes or Google Play app stores and use your compatible Apple iOS or Android device to control the Sony AV receiver. You'll be able to browse and operate the receiver's functions and settings on your mobile device without displaying it on the TV. The Sony ES Remote app handles basic AV receiver operations (turning on and off the power, adjusting the volume, switching input sources, switching sound fields, etc.) as well as Zone functions. That way, you can easily operate the AV receiver from the screen of your Apple iOS or Android device; even in another room. The app is even equipped with a DMC (Digital Media Controller) function which enables high sound quality playback of Internet service content and music files on your NAS or PC through the Sony ES Remote app. The Sony ES Remote app requires that the Sony AV receiver and your Apple iOS or Android device be connected to the same wireless network with the remote device connected through an 802.11 access point (802.11n recommended). Note: The Sony ES Remote App from iTunes is compatible with iPod touch, iPhone, and iPad (running iOS 4.0 or later). The Sony ES Remote app from Google Play is compatible with Android 2.3 or later. Control System Integration: The STR-DA5800ES is Control4 Certified and features Crestron Connect and AMX Beacon. It's also controllable over IP, includes 12V trigger output, RS-232C port and IR input/outputs for more installation options. Control4: With the help of an authorized Sony ES or Control4 dealer, the full power of the STR-DA5800ES receiver can be unlocked to support expanded home automation including multi-zone audio, lighting and shades, security, appliances and almost anything else you can imagine. You can operate Control4-compatible lighting devices in your home via the on-screen GUI with the supplied remote control, or via the ES Remote app on your Apple iOS or Android device. You can turn those devices on or off, or adjust their lighting level. You can also save your favorite settings as scenes and call up them quickly. To enjoy Lighting Control, connect the supplied Lighting Control Adapter (UWA-C4Z) to the UWA-C4Z port on the rear of the receiver. Then prepare the Control4- compatible lighting devices (sold separately), and set them up in advance. RS-232C Port: The STR-DA5800ES includes an RS-232C port for connection to external whole-house control systems, from companies such as AMX and Crestron. IP Control: You can control this AV receiver from a web control screen on your Windows PC's web browser. The STR-DA5800ES and your PC must be connected to the same home network. IR Input/Outputs: The Sony AV receiver is equipped with one IR input and four IR outputs (4 IR blasters included) enabling you to operate components connected to the receiver behind a closed door. 12V Trigger Outputs: The STR-DA5800ES has three minijack outputs (Main/Zone1/Zone2) to send a 12-Volt DC turn-on signal to other components that accepts a 12V trigger. Our Product Research Team At Crutchfield, you'll get detailed, accurate information that's hard to find elsewhere. That's because we have our own in-house Product Research team. They verify what's in the box, check the owner's manual, and record dimensions, features and specs. We stay on top of new products and technologies to help people make informed choices. Sorry, the Sony STR-DA5800ES is no longer available. Looking for a similar item? 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7320 Broadway.
Denver, CO 80221
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Subject to prior sale. Price subject to change without notice to correct errors or omissions. Price may include applicable manufacturer ("OEM") incentives which are subject to OEM qualification criteria and may be contingent upon OEM finance company approval. See store for details. Price does not include dealer documentary fee. Excludes tax, tag, registration and filing fees and government fees. Standard features are based upon trim level. Accessories, options and color may vary. Quoted price good today only, subject to above restrictions.
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The Scottish Government has commissioned and operated a range of websites over the years as additions to the main corporate site.
Many of these sites have their own individual web addresses. Much of the information they contain remains relevant in policy areas, but the need for it to occupy a live presence on the internet is no longer required.
Therefore, in order to progressively rationalise our overall web presence and save on hosting costs, a number of sites have been archived and more will follow.
Archiving means the content remains accessible but will no longer be changed or updated.
Note: Archive links go to The Wayback Machine internet archive (https://archive.org) or to the UK Web Archive (http://www.webarchive.org.uk - we do not guarantee that all content has been archived correctly. Full copies of these sites have been archived for the public record by The National Library of Scotland and are available to view at the library.
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Admission Requirements
- Complete a bachelor's degree at an accredited institution with a grade point average of at least 3.0 for the most recent 60 semester hours of graded work.
- Complete at least 18 semester hours in psychology. Recommended course work includes the following:
- Introductory Psychology
- Psychological Statistics or Research Methods
- Personality Theory
- Human Development
- Abnormal Psychology
- Psychological Tests and Measurements
- Social Psychology
Start Dates and Application Deadlines
Coursework begins once each year in August.
- Early Notification Deadline: November 15
- Final Application Deadline: January 15
- 2016 Interview Dates: TBD
How to Apply
To complete your application and be eligible for file review, please submit the following by the application deadline:
- Online Application: Complete the Doctor of Clinical Psychology online application. A $40 non-refundable application fee is required to apply.
- GRE Test Scores: Submit official results from the GRE General Test. More information on the GRE general test is available at gre.org. The GRE Code for the George Fox PsyD Department is 4325-2001.
- Official (Unopened) Transcripts: Order official transcripts from every college or university where you completed even a single course. Transcripts should be sent to the address below:
Office of Admissions
George Fox University
12753 S.W. 68th Ave.
Portland, OR 97223
International Students: Additional requirements for International Students are online here.
Note: You may also choose to include official test scores from the PGRE psychology subject test. This is not required for admission, but may strengthen an application file for the following applicants:
- Non-psychology majors
- It has been a while since you were in a formal psychology class
- You attended a non-accredited or non-traditional institution of higher learning
- Your academic background does not reflect your knowledge of psychology
Once Your Application is Complete
All application items must be submitted by the application deadline. The Admissions Committee will then review all completed files and selected applicants will be invited to an on-campus interview. Historically, Interview Day is scheduled at the end of February. Following interviews, APA requires that we notify all students regarding their final admissions decision by April 1st.
Additional Information
- If accepted, a $200 enrollment deposit is required.
- Financial Aid: Many of the students in our program receive federal Stafford Loans to help finance their education. Contact us for additional financial resources that may be available to you.
- Application materials become the property of George Fox University and cannot be returned to the student nor transferred to another institution.
- Meeting minimum entrance requirements of a given program does not guarantee admission.
- Admission may be granted to applicants who do not meet all admission requirements at the minimal level if other indicators suggest probable success in the program.
- Most students admitted to the GDCP describe themselves as Christians and all agree to abide by the community lifestyle expectations during enrollment in the program. See our lifestyle statement for more info.
Contact Us
For questions about the admission process, please contact:
Megan Janes
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Shmoop's (Natural) Resources for Teachers
Shmoop provides lively Learning Guides and Teaching Resources lovingly written by educators and doctorate students at top universities (primarily Stanford, Harvard, and UC Berkeley). Our guides have a deep, fun approach that hits students in the intellectual and cultural gut.
We provide multiple points of view and we hope to provoke, spark, and inspire students as they come up with original ideas. We dig deep into pop-culture, current events, and the Internet to bring these budding researchers face to face with the relevance of what they study. As a result, you'll find at Shmoop some truly dynamic, lively, and entertaining guides that will help you make the classroom live and breathe.
Don't take our word for it - read all
Meet Esther, John, Kate, and Amy - real educators who share their tips and experience with using Shmoop in the classroom.


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ICBA Applauds House Members for Vote on Permanent Estate Tax Relief
Washington, D.C. (April 13, 2005) - The Independent Community Bankers of America (ICBA) praised Rep. Kenny Hulshof (R-Mo.) and all House members who helped pass permanent estate tax relief today. (Death Tax Repeal Permanency Act of 2005, H.R. 8.)
"The House passage of this act gives community banks and their small business customers optimism that the tremendous uncertainty now surrounding the estate tax will be addressed," stated Camden R. Fine, president and CEO of ICBA. "Family ownership has always been an integral part of many community banks. The tradition of community service is ingrained over generations. Unfortunately, the estate tax threatens the continued viability of family-owned community banks."
"Under current law, the estate tax is repealed in 2010 but comes back to life in 2011. This makes any sound estate tax planning impossible and puts businesses at risk," stated Paul Merski, ICBA chief economist and director of federal tax policy. "ICBA set estate tax relief as one of its top tax policy agenda items for the 109th Congress and commends Rep. Hulshof for his successful leadership efforts on this important legislation."
Merski added, "Punitive estate taxes affect too many families, farmers and small businesses at their time of greatest loss. The steep top estate tax rate forces many families to liquidate and sell their small businesses or farms just to pay the tax collector-often wiping out a lifetime of hard work. The ICBA will continue to urge the Senate to follow through and also pass permanent estate tax relief."


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Description:Genuine HP 1GB (1x1GB) PC100 ECC SDRAM ModulePart Number(s)
Option Part# 189083-B21 (4 modules per Kit)
Spare Part# 170519-001
Assembly Part# 115945-041
Note: Our Part# 170519-001 is guaranteedgenuine HP product with a HP serial number and logo. We do not sell 3rd party HP memory.
Overview:This 1024GB (1 x 1024GB module) SDRAM memory module is manufactured by Compaq. Clock speed is 100 MHz. Compaq is a Hewlett-Packard (HP) brand. HP is a technology solutions provider to consumers businesses and institutions globally. The company's offerings span IT infrastructure personal computing and access devices global services and imaging and printing.
CategoryProliant Memory
Sub-CategoryGenuine HP Memory
Part Number170519-001
Products ID142612
Bus Clock100MHz
ApplicationServer Memory
Server ModelHP Proliant
CompatibilityHP Proliant Servers
HP Serial NumberYes
HP LogoYes
Guaranteed Genuine HPYes


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The Community of Disc Golfers and About All Things Disc Golf
Stencil of Yoda with the quotes...
A dye for a friend.
Darth Maul!
The Ace of Spades.
Neo from the Matrix and the altered quote...
Intertwining Dragons
A Tribal Beasty Design??? Looks like Pan from the recent Spanish movie, "Pan's Labyrinth".
Mine are just primitive.
This is a better attempt, but the dye is not dark enough. I am still learning how to do this. Trial and lots of error.
© 2015 Created by Terry "the Pirate" Calhoun.


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04 September 2013
Posted in Member News
Members enjoyed a private jam session with children's musician Mr. Richard on Saturday! Exclusive member events are just one of the many benefits of being an Orlando Science Center member.
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It's hard to top yourself when you're already known for over-the-top, eye-bulge-inducing, BIG statement necklaces, bracelets, earrings, and rings, but the ladies behind Dannijo have somehow managed to find a way.
Dannijo's new collection features the mishmashed, color-packed jewelry you've come to expect from its wares, but they've also created an entire line of bodices, hip pieces, harnesses, breastplates, vests, and bags (try finding that at your local jeweler). Made for Grace Jones, these pieces will be the center of your outfit, so don't even bother wearing anything any more complicated than a white tank and skinny jeans.
For that kind of easy dressing (that'll still land you as the opener image in any street-style roundup), we give the Dannijo darlings two blinged-out thumbs-up.
Photographed by Erin Yamagata


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Nature & Nurture: Warm & Very Gay-Friendly Iceland
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When most Americans think of Iceland - that is, when they think of it at all - they probably conjure up visions of an ice-covered, barren, isolated, primitive place. That, and maybe Björk.
Before my recent visit there, I admit that I didn't know what to expect. What I discovered was a profoundly beautiful landscape unlike anything I've ever experienced.
But even beyond the incredible natural wonders, the Icelandic people were a revelation. Many countries advertise themselves as friendly, but the universal warmth and friendliness made this one of the most memorable trips I've ever taken.
Iceland is especially suited to the gay tourist. It's probably the most welcoming and accepting culture in the world. Its overall attitude can be seen in the fact that the first out-gay head of government anywhere in the world is the current prime minister, Jóhanna Sigurardóttir.
But what's even more interesting is the reaction of her fellow Icelanders. When she was voted into office in 2009, her sexual identity was not only a non-issue, it also wasn't even discussed. It only became important when the rest of the world's media focused on it. The subsequent local media coverage was thus a bemused reaction to the fact that we in North America and Europe found it important.
In recent decades, Iceland has been ahead of the curve on gay issues. It decriminalized same-sex activity back in 1940, legalized same-sex unions in 1996 and marriage in 2002. (The prime minister is married to a popular children's book author.)
Many attribute this laissez-faire attitude to the insular nature of the thinly populated island. With only 319,000 people, 120,000 of whom live in the capital, Reykjavik, this is a country where not only does everyone seem to know everyone else, but also they're nearly all distantly related, according to recent studies of the population's genealogy. This has resulted in a kinship that's especially striking for people in a nation as diverse as the United States.
Because of the intimacy of the population and the island's relative isolation, Iceland hasn't been subject to many of the ills that bedevil the rest of the world. This has created an idyllic society that the rest of us can only envy. Iceland has no standing armed forces - no army, no navy, no air force.
The prime minister's "mansion" is a relatively modest dwelling in Downtown Reykjavik, notable mostly for its being so unnoticeable; there are no police or other obvious security presence. When our group visited City Hall, we marched right in - no security checkpoints, no metal detector.
So Near & Yet So Far
On the map, Iceland looks as isolated as a country can be. It's the farthest substantially populated area in the North Atlantic (the nearby giant island of Greenland has so few people it hardly counts). The nearest populated land mass is Great Britain, and even there it's several hundred miles from the furthest-out Scottish islands.
The surprise is how accessible it is for Americans. Icelandair offers regular daily flights from New York's JFK, and Seattle. It just added Boston and will begin flights from Denver in May. It also has flights on a seasonal basis from Orlando, Washington, D.C. (Dulles) and Toronto.
From JFK, the flight was only a few hours - short enough that people often take a long weekend vacation. When I landed in Reykjavik, I saw someone I recognized from my gym in New York who coincidentally was seated next to me on the flight home. He had gone with a friend just to go horseback riding.
What makes Iceland especially inviting for Americans is the universality of English. Everyone in Iceland learns Icelandic, an ancient language that, thanks to its long-time isolation is the purest form of Old Nordic, as well as Danish (until the Second World War, it was part of the Kingdom of Denmark, as Greenland still is, and maintains strong ties to the Mother Country). But thanks largely to the ubiquity of American popular culture, everyone in Reykjavik speaks near-perfect English.
The trip itself was a pure joy. Icelandair has long been famous as one of the lowest-cost international airlines anywhere.
Way back in the '70s, I was one of many Americans who enjoyed the ultra-low cost flights on the airline's predecessor to Europe. It was then known as the "hippie highway" because of its popularity with cash-strapped young people. Today, the airline maintains that tradition of amazingly low fares compared to other European-based airlines.
As for the weather, even though the northernmost tip of the island is inside the Arctic Circle, the winters are surprisingly mild thanks to the ocean currents. I was there in February, and the temperature was only a few degrees lower than when I left New York.
That's not to say that it doesn't get cold; it's just that it doesn't get bone-chillingly cold very often. The summers, of course, are much warmer, and the pleasantly mild temperatures are a huge draw for those suffering from hot, humid days.
Bathing in the Blue Lagoon
The reason for my trip to Iceland was to partake in "Rainbow Reykjavik," a gay weekend series of events that included visits to the island's natural wonders. The participants were a truly international crowd that included gay men and lesbians from Germany, Norway, Sweden, France and Denmark.
Upon landing at the airport, I made the 40-minute trip into Reykjavik. Although relatively small, this charming capital city boasts several world-class hotels that can hold their own with accommodations in any European capital. I stayed at the Hilton, which had beautifully appointed rooms, a gorgeous (and well-stocked) bar, and a restaurant.
In the morning, I was treated to what had to be the finest breakfast spread I've ever experienced anywhere, a vast array of prepared meats, eggs, breads, cheeses, fruit and anything else you can imagine. At the front of the line were small cups and a giant bottle of cod liver oil - a local product, since cod is one of the island's mainstays.
The daily quota of Omega 3 oil is one of the many contributions to the health of the locals, who have the highest longevity in the world for men, third longest for women.
After breakfast, we were whisked to one of the natural treasures for which Iceland is world famous, the Blue Lagoon. Condé Nast Traveler has rated this vast geothermal spa the finest natural spa in the world, and once you've experienced it, you'll understand why it is the most-visited destination in Iceland.
The lagoon is a huge expanse of water a few feet deep that is, like everything else in Iceland, heated by the geothermal waters that run under the whole island.
Yes, I said everything: Iceland is the only nation in the world where every home, office, school, church, factory, farm - every dwelling - is heated naturally. You can see the pipes running throughout the countryside. No one needs a boiler. It is one of the major reasons why Iceland is considered the "greenest" country on the planet.
The reason for the popularity of the Blue Lagoon is the healing propensity of the water as well as its striking beauty. Rich in silica, sulfur and other minerals, the spa attracts locals and tourists year-round.
Upon arriving, you enter through a modern building where you are given a locker, towel and bathrobe. After changing, you have the delicious pleasure of walking on several feet of ice-cold ground through the pure, cold air, which is the perfect preparation for jumping into the soothing water. Once in, you just ... relax. Believe me, it's a feeling like I've never had before, like being in a giant isolation tank, only here you're surrounded by mountainous countryside. All around you are families, couples and individuals just leisurely drifting.
Without leaving the water, you can purchase a small cup of minerals that you spread on your face as a facemask; or, you can just scoop up some of the minerals that are conveniently spread around the spa. You can also buy drinks while in the water. And yes, the water is naturally pure aqua blue. I hated leaving the Blue Lagoon (I confess to being the very last person on the bus), but I had yet to experience Reykjavik, and the evening beckoned.
A Culinary Destination
Until relatively recently, with the advent of air travel, Iceland was indeed an isolated outpost, with most people either shepherds or fishermen. Thanks to modern transportation and the vast greenhouses that dot the countryside, the cuisine in the capital's restaurants rates with fine dining anywhere, but with a local flavor.
Not surprisingly, the specialties are lamb and fish. Sheep can be seen grazing lazily over the broad expanse of grass-covered lava-enriched ground, and there are a lot of them: On most of the island, they far outnumber people.
As a result of being raised naturally, with no antibiotics or other artificial nutrients, and thanks to careful breeding, the lamb is considered the finest in the world.
The other specialty, fish, come to the city's restaurants literally "fresh off the boat"; you can actually see chefs at the quay getting the day's catch from the fishing boats.
There is plenty of cod, of course, prepared in a variety of ways, including as a ceviche. As for the North Atlantic salmon, it is so tender it literally melts in your mouth.
We had lunch at Pisa, where the Italian-based cuisine is blended with local ingredients. As at the hotel breakfast, the most remarkable aspect of the meal was the quality of produce. The greens and fruits were as fresh as you'll find along the Mediterranean or in Latin America.
Dinner was especially spectacular as the setting was Harpa, the enormous new concert hall overlooking Reykjavik Harbor. Completed less than a year ago, it was initially controversial because of its cost when the country was still recuperating from a banking crisis.
Since then, it has been warmly embraced as the nation's cultural center, and the structure itself ranks with the Sydney Opera House, New York's Lincoln Center and London's Barbican Centre as one of the finest performing arts complexes in the world.
There are a handful of restaurants in Reykjavik that offer puffin, the fatty, cute, duck-like birds that populate the island, and whale meat, for those so inclined.


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Since the official 4.0.4 that be downloaded from Google's servers seems to be an update (39mb) can I update my rooted Galaxy Nexus wuthout losing root?
Take the 2-minute tour ×
Android Enthusiasts Stack Exchange is a question and answer site for enthusiasts and power users of the Android operating system. It's 100% free, no registration required.
All OTA updates reset file permissions, so you'll lose root unless you take special precautions. Install OTA RootKeeper and make a backup of your su executable before applying this update. You'll be able to restore your root once update is finished.
Obviously, since this is an incremental update, you need to have a stock Nexus ROM. If you deleted or altered some system files, update may fail.
I used Galaxy Nexus Toolkit to apply these updates, worked OK for me (and I kept my root).


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6 Mar 2009
|Latest Unbiased Reports on Alpine Zone
Image (c) Alpine Zone
Most of the Vermont ski areas I follow give fairly honest reports on their conditions but they are sent out at the beginning of each day. Much can happen after that and I have found myself more and more taking a look at what is said on Alpine Zone.
These Trip Reports are usually at the end of the day but sometimes you will see mid-day reports. They often contain useful details on which trails the person skied and what they found there. Many of the reports are from people who are frequent skiers or riders (many are local Vermonters) who know which trails to choose and what to expect.
For example, here is what one skier reported just a few hours ago on his experience today at Stowe which started off looking bad but ended up being great.
I especially like the Twitter Reports so I can stay up to date and tell callers who ask about current conditions. It's great to be able to give them a report that is very current.
(c) 2009 Jeff Connor Grunberg Haus Inn
|posted by grunhaus at 16:23 | permalink
5 Mar 2009
|Burton Super Demo at Stowe
Photo courtesy of Stowe Resort
This Friday, Saturday and Sunday, Burton Snowboard Super Demo Tour arrives at Stowe.
They will be presenting next season's boards, along with Anon, RED, and V-Rocker products. Snowboarder Magazine will be there along Nature Valley in sampling tents and domes.
There will be demos, amateur series contests, and product give-aways all three days, plus a party at Spruce Camp from 3:00 to 6:00 Saturday, highlighted by the Chuck Norris Roundhouse Kick contest.
(c) 2009 Jeff Connor Grunberg Haus Inn
|posted by grunhaus at 19:34 | permalink
21 Feb 2009
|Vermont Summer Camps for Young People
Tennis Magazine chose Windridge as one of the top ten tennis camps in the US.
Vermont has a very long tradition of summer camps for children and young adults. Some camps, such as Sangamon, have been in operation since the early part of the last century.
There are traditional camps, farm camps, sports camps, all boys and all girls camps, adventure camps, arts camps, wilderness camps, education camps, fitness camps . . . something for everyone.
A good place to start looking is the Vermont Camping Association website. It lists private, agency-based and religious-affiliated camps. Many are resident camps but there are also day camps which appeal to families who are on vacation in Vermont. The adults can go play while the kids enjoy camp during the day.
Many of the camps listed on the VCA website are also members of the American Camp Association and are accredited by that association.
Another camp directory is the American Summer Camps directory which also has a good overview of camp selections.
Now is the time to start making camp choices. Many of these camps are very popular and will fill up soon.
(c) 2009 Jeff Connor Grunberg Haus Inn
|posted by grunhaus at 20:33 | permalink
17 Feb 2009
|Using Google Maps to Find GPS Coordinates
This evening I stumbled across how to use Google Maps to determine GPS coordinates.
I did it by doing something I had never done in years of clicking the Link button on a Google Map - I actually read the link. Usually I'm busy getting the link to put into an entry in the blog. I never read the jumble of letters for heaven's sake! I'm right in the middle of trying to get something done dammit.
But this time I stopped long enough to look at it - which comes dangerously close to proof reading.
As I did, it dawned on me that some numbers in the middle of the link looked similar to GPS coordinates. Could it be? After a minute or two of copy and paste activity, I had my Duh-Oh! moment. They ARE coordinates! Who knew?
Well actually, I bet a lot people know. It's probably another example of the rest of world way out in front of me and I'm back here in the mountains of Vermont sucking wind.
So, for my fellow in-the-weeds, off-the-grid woodchucks, I proudly present how to find GPS coordinates from Google Maps . . .
Go to maps.google.com, enter an address in the search bar and click Enter
On the next page, right click the red balloon on the map. In the popup, click the last item, Center Map Here. (Or right click elsewhere on the map if the red balloon is not where you want the coordinates.)
In the upper right part of the blue bar, click Link.
In the window under "Paste link in email or IM" you will see what looks like a tragic explosion in a type setting shop:
http://maps.google.com/maps?f=q&source=s_q&hl=en& geocode=&q=94+pine+street+duxbury+vt&sll=37.0625,-95.677068&sspn=30.130288,56.601563&ie=UTF8&ll=44.295457,-72.771957&spn =0.006635,0.013819& z=16&iwloc=addr
'Bout two thirds of the way through all that are the letters UTF8&ll and then the = sign. The numbers immediately following the = sign . . . 44.295457, -72.771957 . . . are the coordinates for my inn at 94 Pine Street, Duxbury, Vermont, the street address I entered in the Google Maps search window back in step 1.
You will probably notice that some other numbers in the Link code are coordinates. You are correct. It's weird but the first is for Coffeeville Kansas and second is, I kid you not, Baghin Iran. What's going on with that, I have no idea. And I really don't have time to mess around with it now but I'd love to some other time.
At any rate, if you ever need coordinates for your travels, that's how you can use Google Maps to help. Give it a try and email me to let me know how it works out for y'all.
(c) 2009 Jeff Connor Grunberg Haus Inn
|posted by grunhaus at 23:19 | permalink
16 Feb 2009
|Writers Workshop in Middlebury VT
Writers and would-be writers: would you like a good excuse for a trip to Vermont? Sign up for the League of Vermont Writers Workshopcoming March 14 in Middlebury VT.
The workshop is entitled "Promoting Your Talent" and it will cover how to sell your story ideas to book and magazine publishers, and how to promote a published book.
See the website for biographies of the speakers, more information about the workshop, and information about registering.
Also note on that website page, there will a March 19 - 22 Writers' Retreat in Craftsbury, and a May 30 Memoir writing workshop in Middlebury.
If you are a professional writer, part time or full time, check with your accountant to see if you can deduct the expense!
(c) 2009 Jeff Connor Grunberg Haus Inn
|posted by grunhaus at 15:13 | permalink
11 Feb 2009
|Historic Vermont Ski Jump Reopens
Photo from Harris Hill Ski Jump
Almost every year for the past 85 years, ski jumpers from around the world have converged on the village of Brattleboro Vermont to take part in the "original extreme sport."
They will do so again this year on February 14 and 15 but the difference will be that the Harris Hill jump has been completely rebuilt. It's literally brand new and with luck it will last another 85 years.
After the town got together and raised about half a million dollars, demolition and rebuilding continued through the last year. It was either that or lose what those in the ski jumping world consider an iconic structure in the sport. There are no others in New England and only six others in the USA of its size.
Harris Hill was built by a visionary named Fred Harris who devoted a large portion of his life to building and maintaining the jump.
The jump is just one mile from Exit 2 on I-91. Driving directions are on the website.
(c) 2009 Jeff Connor Grunberg Haus Inn
|posted by grunhaus at 19:30 | permalink
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