text:
- peter lindsay
- Newcastle
- Australia
Physics Teacher,
This conversation is closed.
Is modern communication going to produce a generation that doesn't understand body language or verbal expression?
I am a highschool teacher and a parent of three teenage boys. In the last 5 years the percentage of communicating they do with written language has increased enormously. Is this obsession with txt and facebook destroying their ability to express themselves without emoticons?frownyface
Closing Statement from peter lindsay
Many commenters share my concern and many see it as just a development of modern society.My main concern still lies with the age at which a child gets a phone. In my experience most have a phone by 12 years old. I worry that they move through adolescence into adulthood with insufficient verbal communication and written communication in single sentences. Maybe as parents we should encourage them to visit each other rather than Txt or facebook. Even if that means we have to drive then somewhere.
Aug 2 2012: Good question. I wonder how much is innate or learnt in the first few years before we get our hands on technology. Also there may still be plenty, albeit less face to face communication.
I guess face to face will be somewhat stunted, but this will be complemented by some technology medium communication.
Eric Henry
Aug 9 2012: As with most things, there are no simple answers to tough questions like this. On the one hand, the communications tools currently available are being used to the exclusion of more personal modes of communication. It seems that we are creating a generation with cultural Aspergers syndrome. Supporting that argument is the pervasive shallowness and brevity of communication, which these new tools promote and the contribution current technologies make to in-person aberrant behavior. Further, look around a restaurant next time you eat out and see how many people are staring at their mobile devices instead of the person across the table from them.
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On the other hand, there is an increased cultural sensitivity to and appreciation for people who are different from each other (some notable exceptions notwithstanding). At what other time in history could people from so many different cultures and points of view engage in civilized (and uncivilized) discussion about any topic (deep or shallow) imaginable? I believe this actually contributes to better in-person relationship building and allows people, who may not have the best situational awareness in "live" interactions to receive more tolerance from those more sensitized and engaged.
Will the young of today be able to "read" body language, tone of voice, and general demeanor as well as their predecessors? Only time will tell, and the unpredictable lurches of technological advancement will further complicate the picture. There are just too many variables to predict what communications and relationships will look like in even 20 years. Stay tuned! Exciting stuff!Aug 2 2012: Don't be so "generation thinking". It's not like a generation can be better or worse than the previous or the next. (by the way plz forget my poor english).
Human brain is evolving the same way for everybody, understanding his world before he can take control of it. The world change, so the generations do...
A new generation can't be better, it can just fit more in the world of today than in the world of 20 years ago. Simple. So if you want to change the generation, maybe you should before change the world.
Have a nice day :)
Aug 3 2012: I don't mean to pick on the youth of today, I just feel an adolescence spent txting and facebooking won't prepare them for important moments in later life that need to be done face to face.
Aug 3 2012: That IS what i mean.
You think the important moments in life must be done like what happened to you...but even if it is very human to think so, it is not absolutely true.
I have spent 1/2 of my life in front of a computer screen and I can say with certitude that I lived important moments this way.
Of course, i don't spend 100% of my life this way, but maybe the next generation will spend 80%...then 90...99% etc...
Fortunately, we won't be here to say them "your life is not a life"...because as all obsolete component of a machine, we will be dead from a long time :)
I am sure we all had parents who didn't completely understood the changes in our lives.Aug 5 2012: The problem is the level of misunderstanding possible. Look at it this way, we've had the telephone for over 100 years but how many people propose marriage or inform someone of a death in the family over the phone. The big moments need to be done face to face so there is no chance of misunderstanding. The ideal preparation for this would be to practice face to face on some of the smaller stuff first.
eric wexler
Aug 15 2012: We understand body language because it is hardwired into our brains since before language existed. Unless we all lived in individual steel boxes without visual contact to one another for thousands of years, i think we'll be okay.Aug 15 2012: I think technological social mediums are a great step in the right direction, albeit a bunch of negatives, in that it has an intrinsic effect. Similarly we expressing our thoughts online, takes much thought in silence. Who's to say our minds aren't expanding in consciousness that may lead to psychic experiences.
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Thought is a powerful tool, an energy beyond comprehension. It's used all forms of mediums to relate itself, such as in sign language, verbal language, visual aids, art and technological mediums. It all began with 'thought'.
Soon perhaps we won't require mediums of sort, but perhaps our inner ability that's expanding, for social interaction around the world. In other words our brains are wireless devices and finding the channels suitable for thought frequency transfer. Therefore we evolving through these mediums as preparation.
So perhaps modern mankind will not cease speech but will develop its sixth sense towards telepathic communication especially for use accross the globe, and who knows perhaps even across the galaxy. We certainly planning these journeys and our current mediums for communication, to stay in touch, will simply not suffice.
eric wexler
Aug 15 2012: It's not often to see some who is bagging on this type of stuff and actually has a unique outlook on it. I don't know about "telepathic communication" but I think the "thought in silence" factor could have vast positive affects on our brains.
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Aug 15 2012: Who would have thought Alexander Graham Bell's idea would some day work 'wirelessly'. Today we've achieved what once was a 'miracle' so to speak. The binary energy making this connection possible, operates as frequency.
Thoughts are frequencies therefore often found that someone shared the same idea, somewhere distant. Is that coincidence or actual frequencies transmitted and received?
Some cases we learn that someone utter what we thought at the same time or before we could. These are more than coincidences. Who knows thought might be traveling faster than the speed of light.
Aug 15 2012: If you were to say that then where does free will it in? Not only that but your opinion has tons of other fundamental problems. That opens up a whole new subject of discussion and brings this debate to somewhere it shouldn't go.Aug 16 2012: Free will is an ability to choose. This essential 'tool' for improving our developments are earned through processes of logic analyzing any or every situation, which occurs with consciousness but translated via the brain. Free will develops the awareness. Therefore without it we are robots. Decisions are executed by logic, such as - if-else - are based on percieved consequences. The conclusion reached, via reasoning, is significant for obtainable alternatives. As a result we, Mankind, have invented objects for convenience based on decisions, reasoning and alternatives - Why walk when we can fly, so to speak.Aug 10 2012: It is hard to unlearn behaviors that are part of our human nature. I don't think we will lose body language or verbal expression. What might be lost is all the non-verbal language associated with particular cultures (unless it's represented accurately by an emoticon, so the future generations will still wink perhaps). But all the body language associated with specific emotions should stay. On the plus side, it might be harder for people to lie as that surely must depend partly on feedback for perfectability.
Interestingly, I've heard that people with aspergers syndrome are very well adapted to the online environment.
Aug 12 2012: I have experience with Asperger's kids in my classes. They actually find Txt and emoticons liberating as it evens out the playing field regarding trying to understand some one elses emotions.Aug 6 2012: My experience with my grandchildren over the last few years has been that, yes, they send a large number of sms but that doesn't mean they communicate less face to face only that they communicate more in total. No sooner have they got on the school bus than they are sending sms to each other, posting on FB and generally staying in touch. I don't see how this can be harmful. The language they are developing is peculiar to the sms /FB and doesn't seem to impinge on their ability to speak or write normally in other forms of communication. I think it enriches their/our lives and I feel privileged to share this new language with them. As my middle granddaughter has written on her Skype profile: skwlz kwl - and how cool is that?Aug 4 2012: The impact of modern communication devices (mobile, texting, twitter, facebook etc..) has to be seen as a continuum in the evolution of humans. The printing press did impact the way people interact, so did the telephone, all visual media have impacted human interactions, including the emotional part of the communication. Any new medium will take time to settle down and be part of the evolution, humans are bundles of emotions, they will find ways to express themselves, texting service well, started as texting and eventually the emoticons have come in, because humans have that innate desire to express themselves emotionally, also we need to understand that human's personal interactions i.e meeting face to face has increased many fold over the past 200 years, compared to the previous 5000 years, more interactions provide more options to adjust to emotional states of others, we cannot expect changes in human behavior in a span of 15 - 20 years, just like the printing press helped understand both body language and verbal expression, the modern communication devices will only help to take humans ability to understand and be understood well, hence I believe the modern communication options will not impact humans ability to understand body language.Aug 4 2012: I think modern communications methods (texting, e-mails, SNS, etc.) have little influence on using and understanding body language and verbal expression. I feel this way because body language and verbal expression are part of human evolution. When people aren't communicating their smart phones for texting or making comments on facebook, they are more than likely to be engaging in face-to-face interactions with other people.
However, now that we have so many methods for communicating, people have different preferences about which method they use. For example, I am currently living in Japan, and you hardly see a person not texting (sending e-mails) with their mobile phones. A television show conducted a survey and found that people in their 20's and younger prefer texting (e-mails) the most; in second was making a telephone call, and third was meeting in person. On the other hand, people 30 and above where the opposite: they preferred meeting in person, next was making a telephone call, and texting was last. This is the case in Japan, but I also noticed the same thing when I visited my home in Hawaii.
In the beginning of my comment, I stated that modern communication as little influence on body language and verbal expression. I firmly believe this, but modern communication can be the root of social problems. In Japan, students in middle school and high school (maybe even primary school) create message boards online about their school. These sites are called "gakkou ura-saito" (underground school sites). On these sites, a lot of bad-mouthing of classmates goes on, which is one for of bullying in Japan. Unfortunately, the bullying sometimes escalates into a physical form and there have been cases where the victim of bullying commits suicide.
Modern communication is a double-edged sword. It's extremely useful for keeping in touch with people and expanding one's network, but it can create social problems if used maliciously.Aug 4 2012: Peter, I am not so sure that it is the ability to understand body language and verbal expression, but rather that they really do not care. They tend to express themselves in the rap, music (pick one), lady gaga, Madonna, T-shirts, piercing, etc ... When you say the % they do with written language ... are you refering to texting? Many of the upper level colleges have devised remedial courses to bring students reading grade level up so they can keep up in college. In the military we have a problem with comprehension and writting skills and have developed courses to offset the new officers lack of ability to communicate verbally and written.
My grandpartents were worried about dancing and jitterbug, my parents worried about rock and roll, I worried about rap, acid rock, heavy metal, etc .... every generation has had a concern that their kids just do not get it. Each generations kids "get it" they just put it in a different wrapper.
In school we have kids that excell and those you cannot lead to water let alone make them drink. The same thing happened in my generation and all the way back. With all the tools available in todays world change is just around the corner.
Centuries ago the priests were the learned ones who wrote and read letters for all the communities. We continue to emphasize STEM when communications has deteriorated faster than all other subjects. Perhaps we will return to reling on priests.
Texting takes the face away and terriable things are sent out. Kids fall in love and break up over the air waves. Guess I am old fashioned ... I like the smile, the laugh, the embrace, the tender kiss, the eye contact, and the sharing of togetherness. These things were personal and had great meaning. I do not see texting as being up close and personal. However, what I think is the "thought of a geezer" not one of them. LOL
They will be just fine .... I will not understand them but thats ok. All the best. Bob.
Timo X
Aug 3 2012: The very same things were feared about telephones when they were first introduced. In actuality, quite the opposite is happening. The increasing amount of ways to engage in contact with another person creates a far more intricate communications etiquette. For example, people don't like to be called around diner time, people don't like it when relationships are broken via text messages, people don't like it when you spam their Facebook walls with games or advertisements, etc. The amount of social rules grows with the addition of each communication tool.
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EDIT: Pah, the telephone. Did you know that Sokrates detested writing? He was afraid that younger generations would no longer feel the need to really acquire knowledge when they could simply read it back. The fear of 'modern communication' and its supposed effects has a long history.
Also, emoticons are a brilliant invention. You complain that the internet generation cannot express themselves properly without emoticons and that the result is that your witty sarcasm and jocular irony go unnoticed. Henry Denham suffered from that exact same problem and decided to invent a punctuation mark to clearly indicate his ironic remarks; the year was 1580. Now your complaint seems somewhat ironic, no?
Aug 4 2012: Timo, I loved this cogent point and it reminded me of something I once learned. Did you know that there has, in every era of great change been a debate about who actually has a soul? I saw it in our own era when people started to wonder and debate whether or not persons formed from cloning would have a soul. In the era of slavery of black persons in the USA and the world, there was a huge debate which arose with some persons convinced that such persons could not have souls! No souls- were they saying that the people were unworthy or that this negated their responsibilites toward them? I hope this has not diverged too far from the original topic.
Filip N
Aug 3 2012: Modern communication is in my opinion great way to make everyday life easier, faster and more relaxed. But there are also many problems regarding this matter. First, social networks should be there only for making contacts with people that we can't see in person. In that group of people should be: friends and relatives that don't live near, people of same interests and careers, people that can help each other with getting rid of bad habits and consolidate. Social networks can also help children/people that don't have very developed social skills in making friends and taking the pressure off of them. On the other hand, there is a very big security issue considering big corporations and making accounts that give them information about us that are stored in databases. I think that parents should encourage them to go outside as much as they can, and engage them in somewhat demanding conversations that will help them be more socially active and not just give them the new iPhone or Galaxy S while thinking they are great parents because they provide for them.
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Lawren Jones
Aug 2 2012: I think texting is a transitory technology, which will shortly be replaced by video clips containing the full range of verbal expression and body language. It still won't be live like a phone call - the strength of texting is that it allows multi-tasking, but it won't rely solely on dry text and emoticons.
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Aug 2 2012: good thoughts that expand the discussion. I;m out of thumbs up.Aug 2 2012: I don't think texting will be fully replaced with video messaging. Sending videos to each other is quite heavy on the bandwidth, and slow to communicate. Like, your mom's not gonna send you a video telling you to take out the trash, or bring home dinner. You could just take 5 seconds to read/write text messages.
Not to mention, communicating with video is in fixed time. As in you can watch a 30 second video of someone reading out loud a poem, you can't really control how fast you consume that video. But you can read the text form of the poem yourself in 10 seconds because you control how fast you consume text.Aug 16 2012: As someone who worked very recently and very closely with children for quite some time, I have already seen this coming to fruition. Children these days have a very skewed perception when it comes to reading cues in an actual conversation with another person. I believe this stems from this generation's parents neglecting their roles in their child's development, shirking their duties because it is easier to toss an ipad or smartphone their way.Aug 14 2012: No. As long as we are far away from internet or modern communication we will use our body language and verbal expressions spontaneously with people on street, at school at work... etc.
Meriem Laifa
Aug 14 2012: The problem is we are not far away from the internet :)Aug 14 2012: Communication is adaptive. We respond to our environment with our words, ideas and gestures. Our environment now is clearly geared toward social media and text vs. face to face communication. Clearly, face to face and non verbal communication will never go away, but if an up and coming generation is using more written language (i.e., text) and less non verbal, culture and society will adapt and that form of communication will become more the norm. I'm not sure it is positive or negative; it is simply the way communication is evolving. It would be interesting to see the same question asked 25 years from now. Loraine AntrimAug 10 2012: Perhaps we should just get the ol' pen and paper out and send as many letters to our students and children to give them the feeling we get when we receive communication in this way so it becomes the new trend. Children love to explore new things. Perhaps we can do the same by opportunities to dine with them etc.Aug 10 2012: i am a teenager and do not text. yet i do not feel inclined to do so eithor. people have been like they have been for ages. yet they do change for ever. the human race will always see the need for face to face comm.Aug 10 2012: Its absolutely true sir.Even i am facing the similar problem from year long.the writing skills improve automatically but the way to approcah a person, take to a person, express oneself is a quite a big task n rather a big mess.the only solution to this is to come out of this n try to face some real stuff, real persons real tasks.Unless v do this v cannot get rid of this desease.Aug 9 2012: I feel that a lot, today youngsters are more comfortable off-face .
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But then its Evolution! that's how we've evolved!
There was a time in man's history when we wouldn't talk any language; just make sounds and gesture to communicate, and then we evolved language and other developments in communication, but with this development we humans gained a lot, of-course losses were there! But things change!!!Aug 6 2012: Hey peter,
In my view though the so called "Modern technology" definitely hinders the perception of body language and verbal expression because today people feel comfortable communicating through texts rather than calling up someone.
But in the long run, of course humans are social animals. You have to interact with people - talk to them face to face, live with the same people. The way we learnt texting, in the same way living with people makes us perceive what is called as their body language and also enables us to read between the lines. i.e., verbal expressions.!!
I find it hard to believe that such a generation will ever be produced.Aug 5 2012: If this is the case today with text based digital communication, imagine how it will shift towards verbal/body language when social networks and online games become a fully immerse virtual experience. Check out this video:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RWxqSEMXWuwAug 4 2012: There are many long comments. :)
Ted Muta
Aug 4 2012: This is also the stage where all of these technologies are being introduced, and everybody is having fun using them as much as possible. But the novelty will eventually wear off, like all things do, and the usage of phones and social networks will likely be prevalent (very!) but not the way we talk about it now; Facebook's funds are already dropping and phones companies and developers are having a hard time developing many more creative ideas for the little devices. Further, there is already a want for nostalgia again; fashion proves that, as does the fact it was a theme in the Avengers (laugh card here). Though cursive writing may be bereaved from kids now, it will never fully disappear; testament to that is whenever kids see cursive writing, they want to learn it immediately, and I've never seen otherwise. These are good debates for now, but I should expect the nature of things to call order to these discussions for now.
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Ted Muta
Aug 4 2012: Most people seem to think that those using social networking and the modern communication elements maximally are stripping themselves of an ability to interact directly; however, they seem to forget the fact that most people are only using social networking to see how people are doing and using text messages to avoid phone tag and increase multitasking. Most of them are not sitting in a basement just watching their cell phones and Facebooks all day; they probably don't have anybody to talk to in the first place. The actuality is that the modern generation of youths and technological literati are even more social than people ever were; now, people interact nonstop.
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But that being said, people need to realize that there is no substitute for direct contact. Text messages and Facebook are impersonal, and they have increased our appreciation for direct communication. Now, in terms of verbal expression: Verbal expression is a variation of the written word (or vice versa; the point is that they are codependent.) Without the body language, it takes a lot to decipher what a person really means. To understand a text message fully does take relatively high perception; this is of course made much easier when the body language is explicitly displayed.
Frankly, the things in communication that we have come to take for granted are now being appreciated, and they are being appreciated on a daily level. The way I see my generation is not only social, but cognizant. And as we grow up, those communicative skills will go with us in life, making a very unique generation that does not need any more worry than it has already bestowed itself.
Sandy S
Aug 4 2012: This is an excellent question. I think we are actually seeing the beginnings of a generation that won't be able to spell or write in cursive, due to pre-emptive text and typing. I also think future generations won't be able to remember anything either since they can Google everything but that's another topic.
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Skyping, texting and emoticons means there must be some type of "action" going on as opposed to two people sitting together and just enjoying each other's company without talking. What's going to happen to looking in each other's eyes or good old-fashioned flirting? Will they be able to "size someone up?" How will they act in situations where there are no appropriate words? You can't hug someone over Skype and a hug emoticon won't cut it.
I make sure my two children have actual physical interactions with their friends. For example, two of my daughter's friends live on either side of us. When they start texting each other for more than two minutes, I make them to go outside. When my son is outside with his friends, I confiscate their handheld playthings/phones and tell them to play games with each other. Run around and be physical or use their imagination and make shapes out of the cracks on the ground or play with the dogs as our neighbors walk them by.
I want them to know technology is great but human interaction was here before technology and it will be here after and they have to learn to deal with both.Aug 4 2012: I would imagine it's hard to text rolling the eyes or shrugging.
I have never sent nor received a text message. I haven't felt the need. Participating on TED is the closest I have ever come to social networking via computer. I see people texting all the time and I can't help but think "Just call them!"Aug 3 2012: Technology has handed everything to us, we don't need to go the library or strain our voices to ask someone their advice, or go to multiple stores to find good prices because BAM it is all there at your finger tips, google advice, Wikipedia (though I don't like using it) for knowledge, and the extensive online market.
But what does this have to do with communication?
Simple we are lazy and self centered. We don't want to put forth the effort to read others, and we don't have to on a daily basis so we never fully develop the skills.
But as technology progresses we will develop new forms of expressing ideas to each other, and some of our old ways will fade away, tis the nature of procession (lights up some old fashioned smoke signals)Aug 3 2012: Texting will still be the dominant form of fast short communication,video requires to much allocation of attention time,humans regardless can't watch two things at once and be fully engaged with both and take on a third action or fourth.Aug 3 2012: No. Video will be part of all communication devices soon.Aug 3 2012: Hello Peter Lindsay. Yes I think you are right and you have an important role to play as a man and as an educator. Watching people's faces gives us an incredible amount of information that we are not aware we are assimilating. Look at the Maori Haka, the war dance. It is a combination of exxagerated facial expressions and sounds, a body language that implies threat and back off before the actual act of violence. Acts of violence have tremendous cost especially to societies who see young men as expendable products to go and fight other people's wars. There is a huge cost to society in treating it's young people as expendable in any form. It is about removing nature's natural filter of the parent, who knows their child as the individual they are and what they are potentially capable of and making the state the parent in which case the state will only provide what the state thinks is right and can afford. The cost to young people who concentrate on written language is the loss of the ability to think in the abstract with numbers. Natures natural pattern is expressed in the Mathemematical formula of Fibonacci's golden thread of numbers. Maths was preserved by the Moslems in their refusal to worship any graven natural image. Fibonacci picked up the idea through the repeating patterns in Moslem architecture I expect. We need the written word and the mathematical logic not either or. It is not positive and negative it is a trilogy written word, visual image and abstract concept expressed through Maths or visual imaging. And something to do with sound and resonance which we get in communicating together as a community. Young people will always communicate it is just they are doing it in a safer environment that is virtually. Don't stop the music add to the tune.Aug 3 2012: Yes, it is changing the brain wiring of our next generation.
You can read more about it on my blog at http://socialcrowd.blogspot.co.uk/2012/03/social-networks-part-1.html.Aug 3 2012: I don't think so, unless kids grow up in a vacuum.
In fact, it's communicating sarcasm, mirth and irony online (text-wise) that I'm struggling with. I can't get used to using acronyms and emoticons in my posts.
Our (humanity's) obsession with gadgetry is concerning, in some ways, but mostly because it's the cause of the blanding of art and inherent rejection of narrative that it creates, despite all the schmaltzy smart-phone and Apple advertisements that promise us a better life if only we pay up and jack on..Aug 3 2012: "There were two things that inspired this question. The first is I'm intrigued by teenagers inability to percieve sarcasm. I've been a highschool teacher for twelve years and the question "are you being sarcastic?" seems to come up more and more. Also there has been a general increase in violence amongst teens in Australia in the last five years. This is normally attributed to the self-centred teen but I'm thinking it may be related to their inability to correctly decypher eachother's body language."
Whether by text, body language, or smoke signals you are describing POOR communication. And preceding that POOR concentration (do what you are doing while you are doing it- no multitasking). Misunderstandings are created by this which then can cause fights. That along with don't evaluate or diss because this will piss someone off and stick their attention to the comment. Sarcasm is generally used to point out things that don't make sense but it also pisses people off.
I guess the lesson to learn would be respect for others ( the epitome of good manners) the other would be learn how to copy what the other person says before you place a value on it.
Is that going to happen with teenage boys. Nope but it would sure make their life easier as you know communication is everything.Aug 3 2012: IN MY VIEW:
Modern communication focuses more on logic than emotional chitchat. We use body language and verbal expression to express our emotion. How much priority will be given to logic over emotion should play a key role for new generation.
James Zhang
Aug 3 2012: Though there still is emotion communicated through texts too.
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For example:
Aug 4 2012: you expressed yourself well bravo. was that your true emotion or logic to get me wrong ;).
I understand there are literary works, songs and several other things which express our emotion very well however body language and facial expression are the natural reaction of our expression which confirm our true feelings, sometime even without saying or doing anything. If modern generation avoids physical interaction and depends completely upon indirect interaction through technology then its quite possible that such generation may not understand body language or facial expression. I also think that a logical person will produce less emotional reaction. Since our education teaches us logic and even society expects logical reaction our new generation will know less about emotion anyway.
James Zhang
Aug 4 2012: lol I meant no offense whatsoever ;)
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You're right, body language and facial expression are SUPER important. We can use emoticons all we like, but body language can sometimes give you more important information than texts.
This is why public education system is extremely important. Online education is great, but school teaches social interactions and social environments much better on a fundamental level. And that's why I think public education system needs to realize this soon, or else online education may take over too much.Aug 2 2012: I think people will always understand body language or verbal expression.
It is more like the arrival of a generation that is too self-absorbed and selfish to even care about what another person says or feels.
Aug 3 2012: It's interesting to consider that the appearance of social media has given us a broader understanding of the variety and quantity of individuals that interact everyday. It's also allowed us to decide who and what we want to connect with, in every moment and at all times. As you said, some of us will become too self-absorbed and forget that we depend on our direct environment to harbour our full potential as citizens that interact within a cohesive organism.
I think innovation will improve the platform of social media and that facebook and twitter are only the beginning of an upgrade in terms of the possibilities that our society permit. Whether they will completely change the way we interact is really up to time... and our everyday behavior.
Damnit, I'm going to miss this bus.Aug 2 2012: I think people will always understand body language or verbal expression.
It is more like the arrival of a generation that is too self absorbed or selfish to even care about what another person says or feels.Aug 2 2012: They're not only losing their sense to perceive body languages or facial expressions, but also they are losing the ability to understand the context of complicated reading passages. Most of the written languages on facebook or Twitter are not that complex, even somewhat superficial.
These days, quite many of youngsters do not read books, but rather, watch youtube videos or play video games or have some chit chat with their friends on Facebook.
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Aug 3 2012: lol you surely understand my comment because it's so easy to read.
Besides, no offence, you don't belong to my generation :(Aug 4 2012: : I was kidding too lol
Don't make me feel sorry about that :'( lolAug 3 2012: a living language evolves. everything else belongs in a museum. reading and writing (as we know it) are on the way out..
Aug 3 2012: interesting view!
But could you elaborate it?
In what way? I don't how it's evolving.
Well, in some part, it seems like getting more convenient, but mostly, we're losing lots of essential ways of communicating one another. Even using emoticons seems a bit superficial to me.
Aug 3 2012: One thing I know as a teacher is that the vast majority of children have far greater mastery over oral language than written language. They are able to express themselves far more easily and effectively by speaking.
The greatest two elements of the digital revolution (for want of a better word) is that video (TV!) finally has the kudos it always deserved and sharing video and audio is now fast and easy.
As such, I can now capture a child speaking about their learning, ideas and opinions with a camera or microphone. I can manipulate the files and use them to evidence that child's learning as well as share it with the appropriate people.
The barrier created by writing (a hugely convoluted process for young kids) is removed.
That is not to say that we don't need written language. I believe it will always be a legitimate art-form (my personal favourite), but I do think that it is no longer the most effective form of communication.
I'm not convinced we are losing anything. I see it more as adding something although there is an argument that our obsession with gadgetry isolates and separates people, but that's been going on since the 1950's.Aug 2 2012: You may be right Peter. Many of us are not good at written articulation. Writing well without unintended offense, I believe, is hard work. However, we can write "from the heart" and relate to one another in positive and helpful ways. We should express opinion when appropriate and be tolerant of others' views. And also, we need to learn how to listen well, by writing and by verbal conversation. Who is this other person talking? Who are they, really? If we are in such a hurry to comment, by either written or verbal methods, then can we say we really are listening?
For your question, would you suggest special training in schools for relating well with respect, tolerance and civil behavior through writing? Is special training needed?
Lawren may be right that eventually video clips could be a reasonable alternative. However, I do not see this as the same as having a eye-to-eye sit down chat over lunch! Kindness in person, in a laboratory, church, school, public meetings, family, neighborhood, and driving one's car is needed in all aspects of life.
If we do not restrain ourselves in all relationships we run a high risk of stealing freedom from someone else! True freedom is to be found in broad self restraint and tolerance. Writing well takes time and twittering and texting is shortcutting, perhaps, perhaps.
You have raised a good topic that we all need to consider.Aug 2 2012: Yes,I can see that happening.
I've been saying in my other posts, that the public education system needs to capitalize on its "social learnings." It provides an environment for students to interact with. Public schools teach social interactions much more effectively and efficiently than online education.Aug 2 2012: maybe, but why would that be a problem?
Aug 2 2012: Having good communication is really the source of a lot of problems. A genius is completely useless if no one else can understand that genius.
Aug 2 2012: ?
Aug 2 2012: I'm just saying that having good communication, stemming all the way back to a child's birth, is how we maximize our potential as a society.
Take a basketball team for example. If you have a team full of superstar players, it doesn't mean that the team will be that great. Too many egos, too many disagreements, too many miscommunications, too many people stepping over each other's toes. That team can only be good if they can understand each other and their roles, and acknowledge them. And you do that with effective communication.Aug 2 2012: yeah, but the question is not communication in general, but body language and verbal
Aug 2 2012: Body Language and verbal language = communication
If you're trying to convey a message to something, that's communication imo.Aug 2 2012: So you're saying that, specifically the problem is body language and verbal language?Aug 2 2012: verbal + body does not cover written for example.
i claim that, as a rule in biology, unused organs atrophied.
but the cause and effect chain is always this: first it gets unused, then it gets atrophied.
Aug 2 2012: Nonetheless, it's wrong to not consider them as forms of communication.
I'm not denying that they're important, Written, body, verbal, sound, visual, touch, programming code, Ted Forum format, Youtube, essay format, etc. These are all forms of communication.
Slangs and idioms are also another language of communication as wellAug 2 2012: how about handwriting? paper letters? some forms of communication simply get obsolete.
Aug 2 2012: Not really, there's still calligraphy, typography. Sure the handwriting and paper letters has been rendered obsolete for things like mail letters or essays.
But it's not rendered completely obsolete. It will find new purpose and a new place in society. One example: most older artifacts go to museums.
They are still being interpreted and communicated to historians. They're still a language and communication, albeit a less popular one, but nonetheless one.Aug 2 2012: If I was wanting to communicate something of great importance or emotional impact to some one and I couldn't do it in person I would hand write a letter as it demonstrates a personal involvement in the process.Aug 2 2012: There were two things that inspired this question. The first is I'm intrigued by teenagers inability to percieve sarcasm. I've been a highschool teacher for twelve years and the question "are you being sarcastic?" seems to come up more and more. Also there has been a general increase in violence amongst teens in Australia in the last five years. This is normally attributed to the self-centred teen but I'm thinking it may be related to their inability to correctly decypher eachother's body language.
Aug 2 2012: you need to persist. continue to show them sarcasm. some will get it. we need them to. please don't give up.Aug 3 2012: Well as a teen myself, I believe sometimes we are just not convinced enough by others' comments. For example, when somebody compliments one's work, he would cautiously ask"are you being sarcastic" to find out what that really meant. And in other cases like when an exam is coming, somebody will yell"Oh, great!", this time I usually say "that better be sarcastic" so that I will make sure he's not nuts... And when a teacher is making a sarcasm, since sarcasm usually creates laughter. we sometimes don't find that funny or assume that the teacher will not make too much sarcasm in class, so we sometimes ask. Nonetheless, I understand your concern and nowadays too much texting and facebooking render teens lose the ability to write a well-crafted essay.


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Yea f*** that Walt Coleman. I don't understand how a referee crew can be so blatantly biased, as the were against us today. Yet, they don't incur any fines or get investigated by the league. Thank god we wouldn't be denied the victory today, because those calls were absolutely tragic. It actually wouldn't bother me much at all if he died by being thrown out of a helicopter, because he tried to f*** with my happiness by making s*** calls on replays all day. F*** with my team you f*** with me and all the other die hard Phin fans.
I love Miami!!![IMG]file:///C:/Users/Owner/Pictures/2012-08-12%20sleepin/sleepin%201257.jpg[/IMG]
But I needed about one drive from each team to see that we were the better team giving the better effort. Then again, I seen the same thing last week in Arizona. The biggest thing for me though was that the ball hasn't bounced our way recently. Eventually, that was going to change. The NFL is a game of randomness and no matter how poor your luck may be, eventually luck swings in your favor (assuming you believe in luck perse).
Dolphins seemed to come out and push the Bengals around on both sides of the football early on.
I'm still pissed off about that damned Stealers game fumble recovery(oh...welll...uhhhhhh....we couldn't tell who recovered the ball {even though it was obvious} so f*** you Dolphins) call, being as it was the only time i have ever been able to attend a game in Miami.
Still mind****ed on how bad Clay is right now.
Such a promising player last year. IDK maybe he'll get out this slump..HOPEFULLY
Deshaun Watson is the TRUTH!
Bill Belichick on "putting the tape on"
On the punt the guy touched the goal line for sure, but the ball crossing the plane has nothing to do with it, the ball has to touch the endzone, you can bat it back if it is in the air.
first thing addressing your first point, you could not be more right about walt colman. the guy ****ing blows. its one thing to blow calls in the moment, but when u have a 2nd chance to look at it and yet still cant get it right, **** u honestly. also with the horrendous ball spots we got today, all in all the guy is a piece of **** who deserves a beating.
as far as the game, tannehill is growing up infront of our eyes. in 5 games so far, hes had 2 poor games ( houston is arguably the best team in the nfl and on the road in ur first start totally understandable, and vs the jets) and 3 really good games. the kid has gotten better infront of our eyes each week, and this is without any legit weapons at his disposal. ( i like hartline and bess a lot but still they are not going to go up and out jump defensive backs, etc, although i love them for what they do and the effort they bring weekly, and its great to have them on our tea,)
charles clay is a clown. last week the guy drops a perfectly thrown ball by tannehill, and this week he drops a couple of simple catches, one in which he could have gotten many yac, and the worst was not being able to get out of bounds with 154 left in the 4th. i was hoping this was not going to be our marion barber moment with the bears from last year. boneheaded mistake.
the defense was great. 13 pts allowed against a team that was avg 33 pts in there 3 victories so far. cincy is a solid team, and in there building to shut them down like that is impressive. to many guys on defense to name because they all deserve props, but randy ****ing starks is earning his ****ing paycheck. what a beast.
since u addresed everything else, i just wanted to give u props man. although there is so much left in this season, we discussed at the early stages of the season our predictions and u said green bay would not make the playoffs. considering the last 3 years this team has arguably had the best offense, won a superbowl, and finished 15-1 last year, that was a bold call. although many things can happen and they still very well may make it ( i believe in the end theyll find a way) so far they have looked like ****. i dont know whats with that offense but rodgers does not look even close to the same. im still not sold totally on chicago and minn, but green bay must get its act together.
couldnt ask for a better sunday night game next week. the 2-3 packers, picked by many to win the nfc north and go to the superbowl in a must win game, vs the best team in the afc and arguably the nfl in the houston texans. talk about a good game filled with story lines.
all in all, great win for our fins, and i truly believe we can go on a run from here and dare i say it, playoffs?
These Bengals or Bungles are very over-rated. They have beat 3 joke teams- Jaguars, Browns and Redskins, teams striving for the top 7 picks in the next draft. The losses are against great defensive teams where their potent offense could sadly only muster 13 points. Not impressed with them at all.
This is a forum for people to read and converse with Dolphin fans and other team fans as well. It's a great place to escape and enjoy information overload. Why must there be grammar police and humor police. WV I love the humor and your write ups, keep being offensive and hillarious and dont worry bout the dumb comments!

subset: commoncrawl


text: Watch a video Watch a video review from one of our experts Front Back Right Photos (6) Videos (2) View larger Infinity Kappa 680.9cs 5"x7"/6"x8" component speaker system Item #: 1086809CS 11 Reviews This item is no longer available. Original Price: $299.99 Shop all Component Systems Need help? 1.888.955.6000 Email Chat Ask an expert advisor No pressure, no commission — just lots of good advice from our highly trained staff. Overview Reviews Details Accessories Staff Reviews Articles & Videos by Kristen Schaub Infinity built their Kappa Series speakers with improved technology and high-end materials to provide you with outstanding sound reproduction. The Kappa 680.9cs component speaker system features 5"x7"/6"x8" woofers with responsive woven glass-fiber cones that won't flex during a hard workout. The Plus One design offers a larger surface area for improved low-frequency output and efficiency, while longer voice coils add a little more punch to the bass. Large magnets keep the woofers running cooler by placing more steel close to the voice coils to act as a heat sink. Textile dome tweeters Infinity uses the same textile dome tweeters found in many of their popular home speakers with this Kappa system, so you'll hear the music the way it was recorded with minimal coloration or distortion. The tweeters handle down to 2,500 Hz, almost an octave below the tweeters in many systems, so you'll hear more definition and detail, no matter where you sit. Infinity includes mounting hardware to install the tweeters in custom or factory openings. Premium crossover networks The computer-optimized outboard crossover networks employ audiophile-grade components to separate highs and lows, so that the woofer and tweeter work together perfectly. You can attenuate tweeter response by 6 dB to get the perfect sonic balance if you've mounted the tweeters in a less-than-ideal factory location. Pre-wired crossovers eliminate a time-consuming step in your installation, and terminals at the end of the crossover wires screw directly to the Kappa woofers and tweeters, leaving no chance for incorrect wiring. Important Note: Grilles are not included factory grilles are appropriate for most installations. These Infinity Kappa speakers use a low impedance design to pull more power safely from your car stereo or amplifier. This design is compatible with virtually all factory and aftermarket stereos. Important Note: You should use an outboard amplifier to power these speakers. Product Highlights:5"x7"/6"x8" component speaker system includes woofers, tweeters, and crossoversTrue Four Ohm Impedance technology: speaker's 2-ohm impedance combines with speaker wire impedance for a 4-ohm loadPlus One® woven-glass-fiber woofer cone with hi-roll rubber surround1" ultra-high frequency textile dome tweeter with I-Mount and Starfish for multiple mounting options2-way external crossover network with tweeter level adjustmentdirect-connect crossover donglepower range: 2-90 watts RMS (270 watts peak power)frequency response: 40-35,000 Hzsensitivity: 93 dBwoofer top-mount depth: 2-1/2"warranty: 3 yearsOur 60-day money-back guarantee Why install component speakers? A component speaker system gives you the best possible performance from your car audio system. A system consists of separate woofers, tweeters, and crossovers, each designed to cover one specific range of frequencies. As separate components, the woofer can move freely to deliver more powerful performance, while the tweeter can be custom-mounted in a better spot up closer to your ears, revealing a whole new world of detail. Separate crossovers are far superior to the simple filters wired into full-range speakers, so the components work together for smoother, more focused sound. Infinity Kappa 680.9cs Reviews Average Customer Review: 11 reviews Review this product Submit a review and then enter to win a $350 rewards card Filter by rating: 5 Star: (0) 4 Star: (0) 3 Star: (0) 2 Star: (0) 1 Star: (0) Review this product: Thanks for taking the time to share your experiences about this product. Please be sure to focus your comments on the product itself. Read our Review Guidelines for more information. Review title * Email Your email won't be visible. Please use the email address that is associated with your order. Display name (e.g., JohnD) Your review will be signed using the display name and location * Your location (e.g., Charlottesville, VA) * Your rating Click on a star to rate the overall product on a scale of 1-5 1500 characters left * Your review Attach a YouTube Review Crutchfield Video Review Guidelines Only submit videos that you made or are authorized to use. Do not submit videos that contain music, video or visuals that are copyrighted and belong to someone else. Please see our Review Guidelines for more information. Enter the URL of your YouTube™ video review or product demonstration. e.g., "http://www.youtube.com/v/o79TWHh598U" 500 characters left Pros 500 characters left Cons * Agree to Terms By checking this box you agree your review becomes the property of Crutchfield, that you are over 18 years of age, that you own or have owned this product, and that you are located within the United States or its territories. Please see our Review Guidelines for more information. We reserve the right (but are not obligated to) review all submissions and edit or remove any review in any manner which we deem necessary. Your review should be posted within seven days. Great speakers. Written By Mike M., Independence IA on Tuesday, July 10, 2012 These speakers are great, Although i feel i must point out one major flaws the tweeters have. Each tweeter has two terminals, now i dont know about you but that sounds incredibly convenient besides the fact the screws take an Allen wrench the size of a toothpick. After a hour of constant turning on one tweeter i finally got it opened and put the wires into it only to have to re screw them in again. The 2nd tweeter i couldn't even get opened, in the end the wires slipped out of the first tweeter so i ended up just jamming the wires into the tweeter and tapping them in place. In the end it took me about 2 hours just to get the tweeters finished. Pros: Great sound Very loud Beats out any kicker speaker ive owned in the past Cons: Tweeter terminals Didnt come with wires I will probably be deaf in a few years 1 out of 1 people found this helpful Was this review helpful? Yes No Pretty good sound Written By kalyson, sacramento, ca on Friday, June 08, 2012 Crutchfield Customer Review (What's this?) These speakers sound pretty good for the price. The tweeters have a surprisingly low impedance. They are a bit harsh for our ears, but some people might really like lots of treble. We have a Ford F150 XLT 2012 and the tweeter locations are in the windshield pillars. This does not work well at all with these speakers since it will blast lots of treble right into your face. Plus, the tweeters are too far from the other speakers. (Bad Ford!) If we had to do it over again, we'd place the tweeters lower near the other speakers in the door. As it was, we dropped the setting on the tweeters down by 6db (this is an option it has) but that still was not enough. Still too harsh. and unbalanced. Then we installed resistors inline with the tweeters to reduce the input to them -- that seemed to work pretty well. The speakers overall have a pretty good sound, especially for the price. Not sure I'd go with them again, but we are reasonably happy with them now. Note that installation of these tweeters in the original factory location was rather difficult since they are a lot bigger. The holes had to be drilled out and modified for them to fit. Pros: Reasonably good sound, not too expensive Cons: Tweeters a bit harsh and difficult to install on our vehicle. 2 out of 3 people found this helpful Was this review helpful? Yes No Absolutely The Best Written By Joe Davis, Northwest Indiana on Monday, April 30, 2012 I have had 2 sets in different cars. These speakers are amazing. There are none better. The clarity is outstanding. Pros: Amazing clarity Cons: Not the cheapest but it still was a worth while investment. Was this review helpful? Yes No Go for these! Written By RayD, Jacksonville, FL on Thursday, July 28, 2011 Crutchfield Customer Review (What's this?) Installed into a Mazda Tribute (same as the Ford Escape) front door panels. The website says they won't fit, but with a single ply of Dynamat behind them, I have a ¼ inch clearance! Let me say these are well worth the money! I'm only pushing these with 20 clean watts and they sound like they have 50 going to them! The tweeters put the sound stage right in your face! Great components. The crossover is a little bulky and is a showpiece by itself. Mine is in the door and I could stand for something smaller, but it works. The woofer is strong, solid and sounds GREAT! I first went with the 50.9cs- don't waste your time if you're looking for any sort of bottom end. Nice mid sound, but NO bottom at all. Go for these and they will not disappoint! 2 out of 2 people found this helpful Was this review helpful? Yes No Infinity Kappa 680.9cs Written By Tim G, willowbrook il on Wednesday, March 02, 2011 Crutchfield Customer Review (What's this?) First set i ordered came with a blown tweeter.Just installed the second set,so far so good.Customer servive is always outstanding sent out another set in 2 days with a prepaid return for UPS.Speakers sound awesome make sure to use a good amplifier to gets the most out of them. 1 out of 1 people found this helpful Was this review helpful? Yes No Giant tweeter Written By Wesley, Texas on Thursday, January 14, 2010 I have a 2001 4-dr f-150 and initially purchased the current model infinity kappa 5x7 coax speakers for front doors. Then decided to move those to the back to install these kappa 5x7 components for the front. Once I received the kappa 5x7 components I noticed the tweeters were almost as big as hockey pucks (I'm exagerating, but they really are bigger than I expected). Also the kappa tweeters are painted silver and don't look good. I know I know, I am commenting on the looks of high quality speakers, but I didn't want it to look bad. So I returned the kappas for these reference 6830s. After spray painting the Reference silver plactic tweeter mounts black it looks much nicer. The reference 5x7s sound less full than the kappas that used to be in the front but are now in the back. The highs sound fine but the mid bass is thin and doesn't hit as firmly compared to the kappas. I like the 2-ohm (actually about 2.4 ohms as tested by my multimeter, probably to prevent rendering stock head units unusable) feature of both the kappas and references. The lack of mid bass is not that big of a deal but is a little disappointment, my kappa coax 5x7's mounted in the rear doors and my 10" kicker solobaric make up for it but I'd rather it come from the front for a more well rounded sound. If you can handle the price difference and the more extreme looking kappa tweeter then I would opt for these kappas, but the look of the kappa tweeters was too much for me. 4 out of 11 people found this helpful Was this review helpful? Yes No Exceptional Speakers for the price Written By Stephen, Salt Lake City, UT on Thursday, November 12, 2009 I was working for a car audio dept. at the time I purchased these speakers. I was really amazed with the Infinity Ref speakers they sold so I decided to step up and purchase these Kappa speakers for my car. I was powering them with an Alpine V12 mrv-f345 at the time. Which produced 100W x 4 @ 4 ohms. and as you can see, these speakers run off 2 ohms. So you can do the math and see that I was sending them 200 Watts a piece. Those speakers could really take the power and they sounded AMAZING. I have a new car now and would really love to put those speakers back on, however I'm going to have to go with a different brand because I don't want to send 200 W to these speakers again. It doesn't sound like a smart choice. I would definitely recommend these speakers if you don't have a very powerful amp since they run off 2 ohms. These speakers provide such a crisp clear sound. I swear Infinity has the best tweeters in the industry for the price. If you do get these speakers make sure to also get a sub seeing that they're not know for providing those low end sounds. If you have no interest in getting a sub, go for Alpine speakers. Hope this helps. 6 out of 14 people found this helpful Was this review helpful? Yes No Simply Amazing!!! Written By Nathan, TC, MN on Monday, October 19, 2009 I bought these for my Mustang and powered them with an Alpine F300, and wow do they sound amazing. Don't go cheap and get the References, these sound so much better. I have them set at -6dB on the crossover, which sounds absolutely perfect to me. 4 out of 4 people found this helpful Was this review helpful? Yes No Excellent Speakers Written By John, Snohomish, Wa on Wednesday, May 27, 2009 Crutchfield Customer Review (What's this?) These speakers replaced the factory installed Bose car door speakers (with the micro magnets) in my new Mazda 6. I achieved a large improvement in sound quality. But, I have to second what a lot of reviewers have been saying. The tweaters initially sound a touch shrill. But that seems to go away after a while of use. The base is good, but a subwoofer is recomended if you want impresive base. But my overall opinion is that these are excellent speakers. 4 out of 4 people found this helpful Was this review helpful? Yes No Great Sound Written By Josh, Morganton on Tuesday, February 10, 2009 These are really a good set of speakers. I've got 2 pair in my truck and they are amazing. Except for there bass handling little weak for some 6X8s but thats what the 1200 watt subwoofer is for anyway 2 out of 3 people found this helpful Was this review helpful? Yes No Amazing sound Written By Richard, Portland, OR on Tuesday, June 10, 2008 Crutchfield Customer Review (What's this?) The moment I got these speakers in the mail I had them installed. I hooked them up to a Rockford Fosgate Power series 4 channel amp, and the clarity of the sound is astonishing. I couldn't be happier than I am now with my Infinity Kappa's. Crutchfield is a great place to purchase your audio gear from. 50 out of 64 people found this helpful Was this review helpful? Yes No Hands-on research Features and specs chart | What's in the box? | In-depth notes What's in the box? Download owner's manual 2 Woofers 2 Crossovers 2 Tweeters 2 Flush-mount cups 2 Threaded flush-mount adapters 2 Plastic locking nuts 2 Surface-mount cups 2 Starfish tweeter mounts Fourteen 5/8" Self-tapping screws Six 3/8" Flat head screws Two 3/8" Bolts 4 Washers 1mm Allen wrench 2 Adhesive backed foam gaskets Instructions Warranty information Features and Specs General Speaker Size 5X7 Design 2-way Tweeter Design Dome Tweeter Composition UHF Textile Woofer Composition Woven-glass fiber Woofer Surround Hi-roll rubber Parts Warranty 3 Years Labor Warranty 3 Years Specifications Sensitivity 93.4 dB Frequency Response 40 - 35k Hz RMS Power Range (Watts) 2-90 Peak Power Handling (Watts) 270 Impedance (Ohms) 4 Top-mount Depth (Inches) 2 9/16 Bottom-mount Depth (Inches) 3 1/16 Cutout Diameter or Length (inches) 0 Product Research Features Plus One Woofer Cones: The Plus One speakers use cones more surface area than other speakers of the same size. This is accomplished by using a new basket design and hi-roll surround. The Plus One design offers greater bass output and a significant increase in efficiency. Woven Glass Fiber Woofer Cones: This woven-glass-fiber material is very light and extremely stiff, minimizing cone flex. This results in very low distortion and improved clarity. The woofers have set screw input terminals that will accept up to 10 gauge bare wire. Edge Driven UHF Dome Tweeters: Each speaker has an Edge-driven UHF dome tweeter. The benefit is increased power handling and reduced distortion at high output. This technology also allows for better integration with the mid/woofer. The tweeter wire terminals are set screws, tightened using the included 1mm Allen wrench; they accept bare wire up to 14 gauge. High-Output Design: The high output 2-ohm voice coil design compensates for the high in-line resistance of small gauge factory wiring and extracts every watt from factory receivers, increasing overall system output and efficiency (relative to 4 ohm speakers). The speaker's 2.0-ohm impedance combined with the impedance of your speaker wire provides a true 4-ohm load to your connected headunit or amplifier. The speakers also benefit from increased power when you upgrade the wire and add aftermarket amplifiers, designed to power a 2-ohm load. Crossovers: Kappa speakers include computer-optimized, voice-matched crossovers, using audiophile quality air core inductors and polypropylene capacitors. The crossover slope is 18 dB/octave. Each crossover has a tweeter output switch; choose between flat and -6dB. Crossover Connections: Each crossover has set screw input and output terminals that will accept up to 10 gauge bare wire. Crossover Dimensions: Length: 4-3/4" Width: 3-1/2" Height: 1-3/8" Tweeter Mounting: The I-Mount tweeter mounting system and Starfish mounting brackets give you several different ways to mount the tweeters: I-Mount Tweeter Mounting System: The tweeters can be surface or flush mounted with Infinity's innovative I-Mount system: Surface Mount: Surface mounting the tweeters involves screwing the surface-mount cup to the mounting location, then inserting and locking the tweeter into the cup. Flush Mount: Flush mounting is made easy through the use of the threaded flush-mount adapter and plastic locking nut. Once a cutout is made, the flush-mount adapter (with the tweeter installed) is inserted into the hole. The large plastic locking nut is threaded onto the adapter (from behind the mounting surface) to hold the complete assembly securely in place. When flush mounted, the tweeters may be angled for optimum response and imaging. Starfish Mounting Brackets: The Starfish mounting brackets allow the tweeters to be installed in factory locations behind the grilles: Surface Mount (behind grille panel): Once the Starfish bracket is trimmed, it is screwed to the mounting surface behind the grille panel. Then, the tweeter is inserted into the bracket and locked into place. Flush Mount (behind grille panel): Once the Starfish bracket is trimmed, it is dropped into the cutout in the mounting surface behind the grille panel. Then, the tweeter is inserted into the bracket and locked into place. Bottom Mount (to grille panel): Once the Starfish bracket is trimmed, it is secured to the underside of the grille panel. The tweeter must be inserted into the bracket and locked into place before the bracket is mounted. Flush Mount (in-dash location): Once the Starfish bracket is trimmed, it is dropped into the cutout in the dash. Then, the tweeter is inserted into the bracket and locked into place. Tweeter Mounting Dimensions: I-Mount Surface Mount I-Mount Flush Mount Starfish Surface Mount (behind grille panel) Starfish Flush Mount (behind grille panel) Starfish Bottom Mount (to grille panel) Starfish Flush Mount (in-dash location) Mounting Height 1.316" 0.693" 1.328" 0.624" N/A 0.624" Depth 0.552" (screw depth) 1.311" 0.552" (screw depth) 0.692" 1.370" 0.692" Frame Diameter 2.216" 2.855" 2.221" 2.221" 2.221" 2.221" Cutout Diameter N/A 2.360" N/A 2.221" N/A 2.221" Our Product Research Team At Crutchfield, you'll get detailed, accurate information that's hard to find elsewhere. That's because we have our own in-house Product Research team. They verify what's in the box, check the owner's manual, and record dimensions, features and specs. We stay on top of new products and technologies to help people make informed choices. Product reviews from the Crutchfield Labs Video: Infinity Kappa car speakers by Robert Ferency-Viars Infinity Kappa is Infinity's high-performance line of car speakers. They're designed and built to give you excellent sound, especially in an amplified system. Watch as our experts show you why... What are the Labs? Sorry, the Infinity Kappa 680.9cs is no longer available. Looking for a similar item? Shop all Component Systems Or, you can still... Write a review Purchase accessories for this product Download the product manual Search the website Go


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Expect pharmacy delays
Due to mandatory staff training, expect delays at the Raymond. W. Bliss Army Health Center pharmacy on Monday, Wednesday and March 11th. The pharmacy will have minimal staffing on those days.
FCHSC Charitable Spring Campaign
The Fort Huachuca Community Spouses' Club is now accepting applications for charitable donations. Charitable organizations requesting funds may get more information about the process and download the application at www.fthuachucaspouses.com/disbursement-requests. All applications for this year must be postmarked no later than March 19.
Tax Center education refund form update
Although there have been concerns about changes in credits and deductions during the 2012 tax filing season, most credits that benefit Soldiers are still in place. For taxpayers working on their first four-year undergraduate degree, the American Opportunity Credit has been extended, and taxpayers can receive up to a $2,500 credit for educational expenses such as tuition, fees, books and supplies.
Congress recently extended this credit for several years. The Fort Huachuca Tax Assistance Center is still waiting for the Internal Revenue Service to issue the updated forms so TAC personnel can eFile any returns with the American Opportunity Credit. TAC will contact taxpayers when the IRS accepts these returns.
To set up a tax preparation appointment, call 533.1040 during business hours. The TAC is closed from noon – 1 p.m.
"Cinema Africa" Film Festival continues
The Fort Huachuca Training and Doctrine Command "Cinema Africa" Film Festival continues through March 5. All events are free and open to the general public.
On Saturday, 2 – 4 p.m., enjoy "The Daughter of Keltoum," at the Wolslager Training Center, Boys and Girls Scout Club, Bisbee.
On Tuesday, 5 – 7 p.m., participate in the Village of Nations Culture Celebration Cinema Africa Finale, Mona Bishop Room, Sierra Vista Public Library, 2600 E. Tacoma St. It will include a film, fashion show, Ethiopian coffee ceremony and taste of Africa food sampling.
For more information, contact 538.1166.
Range closures announced
Today: F, I, M, N, V, Z, T1, T2, T3
Saturday: Feb: F, I, M, N, R, V, Z, T1, T2, T3
Sunday: F, I, M, N, V, Z, T1, T2, T3
Monday: F, I, M, N, P1, U1, W1, V, Z
Tuesday: F, I, M, N, P1, U1, W1, V, Z, T1, T2, T3
Wednesday: F, I, M, N, P1, U1, W1, V, Z, T1, T2, T3
Thursday: F, I, M, N, P1, U, W1, V, Z, T1, T2, T3
Range closures are subject to daily change. For more information, call 533.7093 or 533.3000.
Build stronger parenting skills
The Garrison Chaplain's Office will sponsor a workshop, "Building Healthy, Happy Children in a Single Parent Family," today through Monday at the Starr Pass Hotel in Tucson.
Child care, meals and rooms will be provided.
To register, contact 533.1278/1246, firstname.lastname@example.com or firstname.lastname@example.com.
ROTC Green-to-Gold scholarships available
The Army Reserve Officer Training Corps Green-to-Gold Division Commander's Hip Pocket Scholarship Program provides selected Soldiers the opportunity to complete their baccalaureate degree requirements and obtain a commission through participation in the ROTC Scholarship program. Each year, division commanders can nominate Soldiers for available scholarships.
Interested Soldiers should follow-up with their chain of command and download and complete the application forms along with the Hip Pocket Guide checklist. Go to http://www.goarmy.com/rotc/enlisted_soldiers.jsp.
Applications are due March 15. For more information, contact 533.1053 or firstname.lastname@example.com.
LSS Black Belt Course offered
The U.S. Army Electronic Proving Ground is sponsoring a Department of the Army Lean Six Sigma Black Belt Course, (BB13047), on Fort Huachuca. The class dates are: Week 1, March 25 – 29; Week 2, April 22 – 26; Week 3, May 20 – 24; and Week 4, June 17 – 21. Those who register must: have their organization's approval; have a project loaded in Powersteering; and be registered in ATRRS. This course is open to all federal employees and active duty military. There is no out-of-pocket cost to attend.
For more information, contact 538.2028 or firstname.lastname@example.com.
RWBAHC pharmacy operation changes
Personnel at the Raymond W. Bliss Army Health Center Pharmacy have now dedicated one pharmacy window exclusively for non-enrolled beneficiaries who bring in prescriptions from providers in the network. The current queuing system remains in effect for the other five pharmacy windows.
USAR MI instructors needed
The 5th Battalion-104th Regiment is a troop program unit. It is part of the 1st Brigade, Military Intelligence, which is responsible for the U.S. Army Reserve MI school at Fort Devens, Mass., and for Reserve Component courses taught on Fort Huachuca. There are several critical vacancies in the E6 and E7 ranks for 35F, 35G, 35M, and 35L Soldiers who can qualify to instruct MI military occupational specialties-transition and noncommissioned enlisted specialty courses.
Those leaving active duty and interested in continuing a career in the Army Reserve may contact Command Sgt. Maj. Karen Lopes, 1.502.644.5956 or Lt. Col. Robert Wilkinson, 1.502.644.6032. The 5-104th is located on the second floor of Gosselin Barracks, Building 51001, on Fort Huachuca.
Training offered to USAR Soldiers
The 6402d Reserve Training Unit is a "points only," no-pay Individual Ready Reserve unit. Troop Program Unit and Individual Mobilization Augmentee Soldiers are invited to drill with them for points. Meetings are 6:30 p.m., the first three Tuesdays of the month, Building 74801 on Jim Ave. near the Lock & Leave facility on Fort Huachuca.
For information, contact 249.2040 or firstname.lastname@example.com.
Psychiatric services available for adult FMs
Behavioral Health Services at Raymond W. Bliss Army Health Center is currently able to provide limited psychiatric services to adult Family members of active duty service members. Family members 18 and older interested in receiving this service should see their primary care manager for a referral.
Save on child care on post
Save 10 percent on child care on Fort Huachuca through the Parent Participation Program. The required five points can be earned monthly by volunteering in your child's classroom, attending parent education classes and contributing to the Parents' Advisory Council.
For more information and to register, call Angie Babcock, Parent and Outreach Services director, 533.0710.
Clinic open weekends, holidays
The Raymond W. Bliss Army Health Center weekend and holiday access clinic is an acute-care, by-appointment clinic. Call for an appointment prior to arrival, 533.9165. Operating hours are 7:30 a.m. – 4 p.m. For urgent and emergency issues, call 911 or go directly to the Sierra Vista emergency room.
Pharmacy changes procedures
In an effort to improve safety and workflow, the concierge desk at the Raymond W. Bliss Army Health Center will stop issuing tickets at 4:30 p.m. The pharmacy will dispense medications to the patients who have arrived prior to that time until 5 p.m.
Walk-in well-woman exams offered
Well-woman exams are performed on a walk-in basis from 7:30 a.m. – 3:30 p.m. the first Tuesday of each month in the Main Health Center, Family Care Clinic A. Appointments can be scheduled at any other time by calling 533.9200.


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Tea leaves, crystal balls, palm readings: There are lots of ways to try to predict the future . . . and most of them are useless. Still, careful examination of measurable indicators — and a little imagination — can yield some clues as to what may lie ahead. That's good news for the U.S. Postal Service, because if there's anything that faces an uncertain future right now, it's the nearly 240-year-old institution that delivers your mail every day.
To get a sense of what America's postal needs might be a decade from now and how the Postal Service could fulfill them, we recently undertook a study that included (a) researching projections for more than 80 social, technological, and industrial trends, (b) reviewing hundreds of articles, and (c) interviewing experts.
Some indicators are fairly certain. The ongoing demographic rise of the Millennial generation – now larger than Baby Boomers – means that the wants and needs of those born largely after 1980 will profoundly affect the economy as previous generations retire. Others are less certain, such as how much of a role 3D printing will play and to what extent it could affect the package-shipping industry.
We then used scenario planning, a common methodology for understanding and exploring possible futures by designing and evaluating hypothetical situations based on different combinations of trends. Result: Four possible ways the world could look in 10 years, and ways the Postal Service could serve its customers in each scenario. It's all detailed in our newly released white paper, The Postal Customers of the Future.
Can you predict how you will use the mail 10 years from now? Could you imagine the Postal Service saving you time and money by helping you share, say, power tools with people in your city? Would you pop into a Post Office to check out a new product a local entrepreneur 3D-printed there?


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Technical Bulletin #11r-v3 Published
May 9, 2013
The purpose of this Bulletin is to clarify questions and issues related to the Tribal grantee reporting requirements. Submission of annual reports is a requirement for all grantees who receive Child Care and Development Fund (CCDF) dollars. Additional information for Tribal Grantees also can be found in Technical Bulletins #12, #13, and #14 on the Office of Child Care (OCC) website (http://www.acf.hhs.gov/programs/occ/resource/current-technical-bulletins).


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Can anybody tell me what the advantage was in telling everybody in the world what our intentions were?? WTH??
Didn't Ireland ever watch The Godfather.
"Never let anyone outside the family know what you are thinking."
Just seems like a stupid position to put yourself in.
Wouldn't it be better to blow some smoke around and come at these things from a clandestine vantage point.
What was Ireland craving attention?
Can't this guy do anything discreetly with some tact, or is all about him blurting crap out like, " so your mom is a crack whore?"
I don't trust this guy to sell popcorn at the games.
Am I wrong? If so,Why?


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World-class restaurants, dazzling entertainment and unique shops line the waterfront at the Downtown Disney area, a fun-filled district that includes The Landing, West Side and Marketplace! Here, you can shop in the world's largest Disney store, dine amid prehistoric creatures, bowl a game at the 30-lane alley and so much more—over 80 venues and counting, featuring complimentary parking and admission.
Find an astonishing array of goods in more than 40 stunning stores—from stylish fashions to exceptional toys to delightful Disney collectibles.
Delight in mesmerizing acrobatics, cutting-edge virtual reality games and sensational live music.
Enjoy unique dining options, from a jungle-themed lunch to romantic waterfront dinners.
Discover exciting events, from the Festival of the Seasons to Car Masters Weekend.
Get ready for the largest expansion in Downtown Disney history as the area transforms into Disney Springs!
At the present time, due to ongoing construction and limited parking availability, we highly recommend all Disney Resort hotel Guests take advantage of complimentary transportation options.
For Guests arriving in their own vehicles, please follow the signs to available parking—which may be located across the street from the Downtown Disney area. We suggest arriving at least 60 minutes in advance of all reservations and planned activities.


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- Home
- On Court
- About Ana
- Club Ana
- Multimedia
- Contact
- Shop
- Sponsors
Ana's racket partner YONEX has launched a microsite to showcase her new EZONE Ai racket.
The microsite features information about the racket technology, as well as a commercial featuring Ana, and a behind-the-scenes video of the 25-year-old during the shoot.
Click here to launch the microsite.


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Listing of Ozone Depleting Substitutes in Foam Blowing Fact Sheet
On March 19, 2007, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) finalized a rule determining that two ozone depleting chemicals scheduled to be phased out in 2010, HCFC-22 and HCFC-142b, are unacceptable substitutes under the Significant New Alternatives Policy (SNAP) Program (section 612 of the Clean Air Act) as foam blowing agents for CFCs and HCFC-141b. This rule expedites the transition of HCFC-22 and HCFC-142b to alternatives which contributes to the accomplishments of the Montreal Protocol.
EPA issued this rulemaking as a result of progress within the insulation foam industry on adopting non-ozone depleting chemicals.
- EPA is finding HCFC-22 and HCFC-142b unacceptable substitutes for HCFC-141b in commercial refrigeration, sandwich panels, slabstock, and "other" rigid polyeurethane foams (referred to as "pour foam" applications).
- Because of technical challenges in transitioning to alternatives, existing users of HCFC-22 and HCFC-142b in pour foam applications other than marine flotation foam will be allowed to continue use until March 1, 2008.
- Users of HCFC-22 and HCFC 142b for marine foam applications will be allowed to continue to use these chemicals until September 1, 2009.
- Existing users of HCFC-22 and HCFC-142b in extruded polystyrene can continue their use until January 1, 2010.
- This rule will address effects of stratospheric ozone depletion and health and environmental impacts of substitutes for ozone-depleting substances. The ultimate impact will be to reduce skin cancer, cataracts, and other adverse impacts of ozone depletion.
- The U.S. phaseout schedule for HCFCs was issued under the Clean Air Act in 1993. Under this schedule, the level of production and import of HCFC-22 and HCFC-142b will be phased down on January 1, 2010, and the use of those compounds will be restricted to servicing existing air conditioning and refrigeration appliances.
- Under the Significant New Alternatives Policy (SNAP) program (Section 612 of the Clean Air Act), EPA reviews alternatives to Class I and Class II ozone depleting substances (ODS) and approves use of alternatives which reduce the overall risk to public health and the environment.


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Link Ink: Marvel's 'Shattered Heroes,' New 'Ghost Rider: Spirit of Vengeance' Poster And DC's Midnight Madness
Upcoming: If nothing else, Marvel's Shattered Heroes teasers will have you excited about seeing a glammed-out Hulk in action.
Events: Looking to celebrate the launch of DC's "New 52?" The Beat's got a nice guide to DC's Midnight Madness events all over North America.
Toys: Diamond Select Toys is now stocking its remai


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Incredible vintage style! From the super-hip Tour de France Classics collection, this print is stunning in its simplicity. Aptly titled "The Long Road Ahead", it features a rare 1920s image of three racers spending yet another day racing through the French countryside, with a seemingly endless path ahead stretching to the horizon. The mangled spare wheel strapped to the third rider's back is a classic touch! A rare piece you'll likely never see in stores, featuring some of the earliest cycling photography ever reproduced.
Product Specifications:


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|A KosherEye Chat with Brent Delman
AKA The Cheese Guy
We are continuing our conversation with Brent Delman, TheCheeseGuy.com, producers of gourmet, artisanal, handcrafted, high end, and kosher cheeses
What is your "ideal" way to enjoy a good slice of cheese - yours of course! Do you have a favorite?
What is your newest cheese?
Do you have a store front?
Where can our readers purchase your Cheese Guy label cheese?
Are our readers able to inquire online at the CheeseGuy.com site?
July 18, 2012


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Natural History Museum Publishing produces accessible, fully illustrated books about the natural world.
Delve into the Museum's world-famous collections and the natural world with our exciting range of books.
Our high-quality books span popular science, natural history art and award-winning nature photography, often inspired by the Museum's scientific work, exhibitions and unrivalled collections.
All sales of Museum books support our scientific research, educational programmes and conservation.
Contact us
The Natural History Museum
Cromwell Road
London SW7 5BD
Tel: +44 (0)207 942 5336
Email us
Browse Natural History Museum books
Find out more about our current books in the Natural History Museum online shop.
Find out about our journals - Systematics and Biodiversity and the Journal of Systematic Palaeontology.
New releases
- Coral Reefs: Secret Cities of the Sea is the official book of the Museum's latest exhibition, and a beautifully illustrated guide to these essential ecosystems.
- Wildlife Photographer of the Year: Portfolio 24 features all the winning photographs from the prestigious fiftieth year of the competition.
Latest books catalogue
Download our catalogue for information on our full range of books.
Download 2015 books catalogue(PDF) 1.8MB


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Ron Dennis is refusing to rule out Lewis Hamilton returning to McLaren but says the team first needs to get back on track...
Ron Dennis is refusing to rule out Lewis Hamilton returning to McLaren but says the team first needs to get back on track.
Hamilton walked away from McLaren at the end of the 2012 season after four years without a World title.
Following the split it was at times implied that Hamilton left to chase the money with Mercedes offering him more.
However, Dennis admits that wanting more success was also part of Hamilton's decision.
"I think money played a role in it, but it wasn't a deciding factor," he told Sky Sports News.
"The fact is that for him it was possibly time to move on - there had been commitments made from both sides - and I appreciated and knew what the turning point was.
"I know Lewis's character and he was bitterly disappointed to not win the Singapore Grand Prix. Strangely enough it wasn't the failure of a McLaren component that forced him to stop in that race, but nevertheless he was vulnerable and the right offer at the right time was made to him and so he jumped."
The McLaren CEO added that given the right circumstances Hamilton could one day be back in Woking.
Dennis added: "Who knows? As and when - and I can assure you it will be sooner rather than later - that we return to the level of competitiveness that we have enjoyed in the past, he could well be one of the drivers that could be attracted back to us and he will be better for having experienced life in a different team environment."


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Nestled on the Lake Michigan shore in the charming village of Baileys Harbor, Wisconsin; the Blacksmith Inn On the Shore graciously blends Door County bed and breakfast charm with contemporary amenities. Unwind and relax in one of fifteen deliciously private guest rooms at our Wisconsin B&B, each with an in-room whirlpool, fireplace, private balcony and extraordinary harbor view.
Our local knowledge of the Door Peninsula is sure to enhance your romantic escape. Choose the serenity of strolling, biking, hiking and kayaking from our Door County Inn to fulfill your getaway cravings. Or immerse yourself in all Door County Wisconsin has to offer with miles of shoreline, lighthouses, music festivals, theater venues, art galleries, unique gift shops, wineries and a wealth of dining experiences.
Romance & Relaxation are yours at the Blacksmith Inn On the Shore, an ideal Door County, WI lodging choice.


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VIEW LARGER > Rollover Photo to Zoom
Women's Dearfoams Velour Skimmer Slipper
Dearfoams Velour Skimmer Slippers Treat Your Feet Right
Women's Dearfoams Velour Skimmer Slipper
Dearfoams Velour Skimmer Slippers Treat Your Feet Right
Known as skimmers, these slippers are lightweight, feminine, and completely comfortable. The slippers are made from soft, microfiber velour with satin-stitch embroidery at the front and are padded with 1/8" high-density foam for extra comfort. Low-profile flexible outsoles are nonskid. Runs small; order one size up. Polyester. Machine wash, dry flat. Imported.
- Microfiber velour uppers
- Embroidered design
- Satin-piping trim
- Nonskid rubber outersole
Dearfoams slippers provide nonstop comfort.
Women's Dearfoams Velour Skimmer Slipper
Microfiber velour with satin stitch embroidery upper with
CareSizing & SpecificationsOrigin
Microfiber velour with satin stitch embroidery upper with
Foam cushioning and TPR sole. (100% Polyester)
Machine wash on gentle cycle in cold water and dry flat. Do not bleach.
Manufactured In: China
Material - Country Of Origin: China
Women's Dearfoams Velour Skimmer Slipper 10 10
Fits all foot widths I don't know how Dearfoams manages to do this, but this slipper fits both my wide feet and my daughter's narrow feet perfectly. Comfortable and attractive, recommended. June 5, 2015
Great taste - great fit The raspberry, honey, mustard dip is DELICIOUS!!! Kept one jar for us and gave one as a gift. The Dearfoam slippers are true to size, very happy with my purchase!!. April 9, 2015
fIT IS TOO SMALL love the look and feel, BUT they are very tight fitting. I ordered the size I always wear but these just don't fit good. January 9, 2015
wam, soft and cozy I love these slippers. They feel soft and cozy. My toes are warm. I like that the soles are made of a hard surface as it enables me to walk out doors. December 24, 2014
I've been wearing this brand for years I like it they are soft and also can be used to make a short trip to the garbage can or recycle bin. December 12, 2014
Soft and comfy I wanted a slipper that was soft and comfy, but one that I would not slip out of. These fill the bill, although they are a little small. Nevertheless I didn't feel the next larger size would be a good choice. I may try the larger size at a later date. April 4, 2014
Love these slippers These slippers are very soft and so nice. I love, love, love them! I have not washed them yet, so i will have to wait and see.....i bought the blue. very cute January 23, 2014
Not as soft as I would have liked. I bought these slippers in pink, size large. I wear an 8 1/2 shoe and generally also wear socks and they fit perfectly. It's nice to have a hard sole but I thought these slippers would have some arch support and be softer. They are a bit hard if you wear them for a few hours at a time. I would consider them average slippers. November 4, 2013


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Test ID: GLSF
Glucose, Spinal Fluid
Useful For Suggests clinical disorders or settings where the test may be helpful
Investigating possible central nervous system infection
Clinical Information Discusses physiology, pathophysiology, and general clinical aspects, as they relate to a laboratory test
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is secreted by the choroid plexuses, around the cerebral vessels, and along the walls of the ventricles of the brain, filling the ventricles and cisternae and bathing the spinal cord. CSF is reabsorbed into the blood through the arachnoid villi. CSF turnover is rapid, exchanging about 4 times per day.
CSF glucose levels may be decreased due to consumption by microorganisms, impaired glucose transport, or increased glycolysis. Elevated CSF glucose levels are consistent with hyperglycemia.
Reference Values Describes reference intervals and additional information for interpretation of test results. May include intervals based on age and sex when appropriate. Intervals are Mayo-derived, unless otherwise designated. If an interpretive report is provided, the reference value field will state this.
Spinal fluid glucose concentration should be approximately 60% of the plasma/serum concentration and should be compared with concurrently measured plasma/serum glucose for adequate clinical interpretation.
Interpretation Provides information to assist in interpretation of the test results
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) glucose levels may be decreased in any central nervous system infection, although levels are typically normal in viral meningitis, low in bacterial meningitis, and may be normal or low in fungal meningitis.
CSF glucose levels are normally about 60% of blood glucose levels.
Cautions Discusses conditions that may cause diagnostic confusion, including improper specimen collection and handling, inappropriate test selection, and interfering substances
Handle specimens in stoppered containers to avoid contamination and evaporation.
Cerebrospinal fluid specimens should be processed without delay; they may contain cellular constituents, as well as organisms, that lower the concentration of glucose with time.
Processed specimens can be stored at 2 to 8 degrees C for up to 7 days.
Clinical Reference Provides recommendations for further in-depth reading of a clinical nature
Tietz Textbook of Clinical Chemistry. Fourth edition. Edited by CA Burtis, ER Ashwood, D Burns. Philadelphia, WB Saunders Company, 2006 pp 837-891


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A delicious blend of sprouted Organic red, white, and black quinoa.
Sprouting is a time-tested process that activates natural enzymes that boost quinoa's nutritional properties.
Each seed in TruRoots Sprouted Quinoa Trio is organically grown by a network of family farmers in Altiplano region of the Andes, then sprouted and carefully dried.
Versatile, quick, and easy to prepare, TruRoots Sprouted Quinoa Trio makes a great base for a healthy meal.
Privacy Statement - The Short Version We do not spam - we hate it as much as you do. If you sign up for our email, you can unsubscribe at any time. We do not sell, rent or give your email address to anyone. Period.shopOrganic ® is a registered trademark of Border & Black Ventures, LLC.© Copyright 2007-2015. All rights reserved.


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SAVE 4-Drawer Wood & Metal Chest
A great accent to any bedroom in the home.
A nicely designed chest with spacious drawers, perfect for any bedroom.
The beautifully designed chest is carefully crafted in wood composite, veneer, and metal to ensure quality that will last for years to come. This sturdy shelf consist of four spacious drawers with metal hardware pulls, which can goe great in your own bedroom, or a guest room. Assembly required.
Accessories Not Included.
Dimensions: 32"L x 15.38"W x 35.36"H, 81 lbs.
4-Drawer Wood & Metal Chest
4-Drawer Wood & Metal Chest
Our innovative products will provide you and your family with years of enjoyment. And with the Brookstone Protection Plus service and replacement plans, you'll have the added peace of mind knowing that if the unexpected does happen, we will simply repair or replace your covered product. Our enhanced coverage goes above and beyond the manufacturer's warranty, saving you time and money.
- 2-Year Extended Replacement Plan $19.99
- 3-Year Extended Replacement Plan $29.99
4-Drawer Wood & Metal Chest
4-Drawer Wood & Metal Chest
Shopping Cart


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I followed Jamil's Kolsch recipe to the letter but pitched WLP 833 into my carboy thinking it was a Kolsch yeast. I found out that it's actually a different German yeast strain. Will this still be a good Kolsch or do I have to call it something else now?
Take the 2-minute tour ×
Homebrewing Stack Exchange is a question and answer site for dedicated home brewers and serious enthusiasts. It's 100% free, no registration required.
You are a homebrewer. You can call it whatever you want. Will it taste like a kolsch? Might not have some of the soft bread notes that WLP029 (Kolsch/German Ale).
I am sure you have a very nice helles bock on your hands potentially. If you fermentation was spot on I am sure its great on way or another.
I am sure some brewing purists would tell you that even if you pitched WLP029 it still wouldn't be a kolsch because it wasn't brewed in Cologne Germany.
If it tastes like a kolsch, it is a kolsch. Well, technically is only REALLY a kolsch if it's brewed in Koln, but what the hey. Using 833, though, it won't really taste like a kolsch.


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The Median is the middle price of a pool of reported sold prices - when ranked from highest to lowest.
State of Queensland
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More sale activities,
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House sales in the last within the same suburb as 48 Katunga Cct, Ormeau 4208
4 recent property sales sold between $375,000 - $425,000
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