text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|31 Jan 2008
|Filing date
|27 Aug 2007
|Priority date
|16 Jan 2004
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Jian Wang, Yingnong Dang, Qiang Wang, LiYong Chen, Xiaoxu Ma
|Original Assignee
|Microsoft Corporation
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Referenced by (15), Classifications (11), Legal Events (3)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This application is a continuation of common-owned, co-pending U.S. application Ser. No. 10/759,357 filed on Jan. 16, 2004, naming Jian Wang, Yingnong Dang, Qiang Wang, Liyong Chen and Xiaoxu Ma as inventors.
The present invention relates to interacting with a medium using a digital pen. More particularly, the present invention relates to determining the location of a digital pen during interaction with one or more surfaces.
Computer users are accustomed to using a mouse and keyboard as a way of interacting with a personal computer. While personal computers provide a number of advantages over written documents, most users continue to perform certain functions using printed paper. Some of these functions include reading and annotating written documents. In the case of annotations, the printed document assumes a greater significance because of the annotations placed on it by the user. One of the difficulties, however, with having a printed document with annotations is the later need to have the annotations entered back into the electronic form of the document. This requires the original user or another user to wade through the annotations and enter them into a personal computer. In some cases, a user will scan in the annotations and the original text, thereby creating a new document. These multiple steps make the interaction between the printed document and the electronic version of the document difficult to handle on a repeated basis. Further, scanned-in images are frequently non-modifiable. There may be no way to separate the annotations from the original text. This makes using the annotations difficult. Accordingly, an improved way of handling annotations is needed.
One technique of capturing handwritten information is by using a pen whose location may be determined during writing. One pen that provides this capability is the Anoto pen by Anoto Inc. This pen functions by using a camera to capture an image of paper encoded with a predefined pattern. An example of the image pattern is shown in
When reviewing a document, a user may annotate the document by moving a pen tip with respect to the document. The path of the pen tip may comprise a plurality of strokes, where each stroke corresponds to a series of captured images. Hence, there is a real need in the industry to identify the path of the pen in order to process the annotation on a document.
Aspects of the present invention provide system and methods that determine a path of a pen tip as the pen tip is moved across a document. With an aspect of the invention, the document is watermarked with a maze pattern from which encoded position information is determined.
With another aspect of the invention, a sequence of images is captured by a camera that is located in a pen. The path of the pen tip is determined by decoding the associated maze pattern (m-array) and by matching the captured images with document images.
With another aspect of the invention, if the position coordinates of any frame (corresponding to a captured image) that is associated with a stroke cannot be determined from m-array decoding, the frames are transformed and then matched with an area of a document image. Once the position coordinates of at least one frame are determined, the position coordinates of other frames may be determined by matching the frames in a neighboring area.
With another aspect of the invention, the path of the pen tip (corresponding to a stroke) is mapped from a frame center using a perspective transform and calibration parameters. The perspective transform is obtained from maze pattern analysis and by matching camera-captured images with document images.
The foregoing summary of the invention, as well as the following detailed description of preferred embodiments, is better understood when read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, which are included by way of example, and not by way of limitation with regard to the claimed invention.
Aspects of the present invention relate to determining the location of a captured image in relation to a larger image. The location determination method and system described herein may be used in combination with a multi-function pen.
The following is separated by subheadings for the benefit of the reader. The subheadings include: terms, general-purpose computer, image capturing pen, encoding of array, decoding, error correction, location determination, m-array decoding, and architecture for determining a path of a pen.
Pen—any writing implement that may or may not include the ability to store ink. In some examples, a stylus with no ink capability may be used as a pen in accordance with embodiments of the present invention.
Camera—an image capture system that may capture an image from paper or any other medium.
General Purpose Computer
A basic input/output system 160 (BIOS), containing the basic routines that help to transfer information between elements within the computer 100, such as during start-up, is stored in the ROM 140. The computer 100 also includes a hard disk drive 170 for reading from and writing to a hard disk (not shown), a magnetic disk drive 180 for reading from or writing to a removable magnetic disk 190, and an optical disk drive 191 for reading from or writing to a removable optical disk 192 such as a CD ROM or other optical media. The hard disk drive 170, magnetic disk drive 180, and optical disk drive 191 are connected to the system bus 130 by a hard disk drive interface 192, a magnetic disk drive interface 193, and an optical disk drive interface 194, respectively. The drives and their associated computer-readable media provide nonvolatile storage of computer readable instructions, data structures, program modules and other data for the personal computer 100. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that other types of computer readable media that can store data that is accessible by a computer, such as magnetic cassettes, flash memory cards, digital video disks, Bernoulli cartridges, random access memories (RAMs), read only memories (ROMs), and the like, may also be used in the example operating environment.
A number of program modules can be stored on the hard disk drive 170, magnetic disk 190, optical disk 192, ROM 140 or RAM 150, including an operating system 195, one or more application programs 196, other program modules 197, and program data 198. A user can enter commands and information into the computer 100 through input devices such as a keyboard 101 and pointing device 102. Other input devices (not shown) may include a microphone, joystick, game pad, satellite dish, scanner or the like. These and other input devices are often connected to the processing unit 110 through a serial port interface 106 that is coupled to the system bus, but may be connected by other interfaces, such as a parallel port, game port or a universal serial bus (USB). Further still, these devices may be coupled directly to the system bus 130 via an appropriate interface (not shown). A monitor 107 or other type of display device is also connected to the system bus 130 via an interface, such as a video adapter 108. In addition to the monitor, personal computers typically include other peripheral output devices (not shown), such as speakers and printers. In a preferred embodiment, a pen digitizer 165 and accompanying pen or stylus 166 are provided in order to digitally capture freehand input. Although a direct connection between the pen digitizer 165 and the serial port is shown, in practice, the pen digitizer 165 may be coupled to the processing unit 110 directly, via a parallel port or other interface and the system bus 130 as known in the art. Furthermore, although the digitizer 165 is shown apart from the monitor 107, it is preferred that the usable input area of the digitizer 165 be co-extensive with the display area of the monitor 107. Further still, the digitizer 165 may be integrated in the monitor 107, or may exist as a separate device overlaying or otherwise appended to the monitor 107.
The computer 100 can operate in a networked environment using logical connections to one or more remote computers, such as a remote computer 109. The remote computer 109 can be a server, a router, a network PC, a peer device or other common network node, and typically includes many or all of the elements described above relative to the computer 100, although only a memory storage device 111 has been illustrated in
When used in a LAN networking environment, the computer 100 is connected to the local network 112 through a network interface or adapter 114. When used in a WAN networking environment, the personal computer 100 typically includes a modem 115 or other means for establishing a communications over the wide area network 113, such as the Internet. The modem 115, which may be internal or external, is connected to the system bus 130 via the serial port interface 106. In a networked environment, program modules depicted relative to the personal computer 100, or portions thereof, may be stored in the remote memory storage device.
It will be appreciated that the network connections shown are illustrative and other techniques for establishing a communications link between the computers can be used. The existence of any of various well-known protocols such as TCP/IP, Ethernet, FTP, HTTP, Bluetooth, IEEE 802.11x and the like is presumed, and the system can be operated in a client-server configuration to permit a user to retrieve web pages from a web-based server. Any of various conventional web browsers can be used to display and manipulate data on web pages.
Image Capturing Pen
Aspects of the present invention include placing an encoded data stream in a displayed form that represents the encoded data stream. (For example, as will be discussed with
This determination of the location of a captured image may be used to determine the location of a user's interaction with the paper, medium, or display screen. In some aspects of the present invention, the pen may be an ink pen writing on paper. In other aspects, the pen may be a stylus with the user writing on the surface of a computer display. Any interaction may be provided back to the system with knowledge of the encoded image on the document or supporting the document displayed on the computer screen. By repeatedly capturing images with a camera in the pen or stylus as the pen or stylus traverses a document, the system can track movement of the stylus being controlled by the user. The displayed or printed image may be a watermark associated with the blank or content-rich paper or may be a watermark associated with a displayed image or a fixed coding overlying a screen or built into a screen.
The images captured by camera 203 may be defined as a sequence of image frames {Ii}, where Ii is captured by the pen 201 at sampling time ti. The sampling rate may be large or small, depending on system configuration and performance requirement. The size of the captured image frame may be large or small, depending on system configuration and performance requirement.
The image captured by camera 203 may be used directly by the processing system or may undergo pre-filtering. This pre-filtering may occur in pen 201 or may occur outside of pen 201 (for example, in a personal computer).
The image size of
The image sensor 211 may be large enough to capture the image 210. Alternatively, the image sensor 211 may be large enough to capture an image of the pen tip 202 at location 212. For reference, the image at location 212 is referred to as the virtual pen tip. It is noted that the virtual pen tip location with respect to image sensor 211 is fixed because of the constant relationship between the pen tip, the lens 208, and the image sensor 211.
The following transformation FS→P transforms position coordinates in the image captured by camera to position coordinates in the real image on the paper:
L paper =F S→P(L Sensor)
During writing, the pen tip and the paper are on the same plane. Accordingly, the transformation from the virtual pen tip to the real pen tip is also FS→P:
L pentip =F S→P(L virtual-pentip)
The transformation FS→P may be estimated as an affine transform. This simplifies as:
as the estimation of FS→P, in which θx, θy, sx, and sy are the rotation and scale of two orientations of the pattern captured at location 204. Further, one can refine F′S→P by matching the captured image with the corresponding real image on paper. "Refine" means to get a more precise estimation of the transformation FS→P by a type of optimization algorithm referred to as a recursive method. The recursive method treats the matrix F′S→P as the initial value. The refined estimation describes the transformation between S and P more precisely.
Next, one can determine the location of virtual pen tip by calibration.
One places the pen tip 202 on a fixed location Lpentip on paper. Next, one tilts the pen, allowing the camera 203 to capture a series of images with different pen poses. For each image captured, one may obtain the transformation FS→P. From this transformation, one can obtain the location of the virtual pen tip Lvirtual-pentip:
L virtual-pentip =F P→S(L pentip)
where Lpentip is initialized as (0, 0) and
By averaging the Lvirtual-pentip obtained from each image, a location of the virtual pen tip Lvirtual-pentip may be determined. With Lvirtual-pentip, one can get a more accurate estimation of Lpentip. After several times of iteration, an accurate location of virtual pen tip Lvirtual-pentip may be determined.
The location of the virtual pen tip Lvirtual-pentip is now known. One can also obtain the transformation FS→P from the images captured. Finally, one can use this information to determine the location of the real pen tip Lpentip:
L pentip =F S→P(L virtual-pentip)
Encoding of Array
A two-dimensional array may be constructed by folding a one-dimensional sequence. Any portion of the two-dimensional array containing a large enough number of bits may be used to determine its location in the complete two-dimensional array. However, it may be necessary to determine the location from a captured image or a few captured images. So as to minimize the possibility of a captured image portion being associated with two or more locations in the two-dimensional array, a non-repeating sequence may be used to create the array. One property of a created sequence is that the sequence does not repeat over a length (or window) n. The following describes the creation of the one-dimensional sequence then the folding of the sequence into an array.
A sequence of numbers may be used as the starting point of the encoding system. For example, a sequence (also referred to as an m-sequence) may be represented as a q-element set in field Fq. Here, q=pn where n≧1 and p is a prime number. The sequence or m-sequence may be generated by a variety of different techniques including, but not limited to, polynomial division. Using polynomial division, the sequence may be defined as follows:
where Pn(x) is a primitive polynomial of degree n in field Fq[x] (having q″ elements). Rl(x) is a nonzero polynomial of degree l (where l<n) in field Fq[x]. The sequence may be created using an iterative procedure with two steps: first, dividing the two polynomials (resulting in an element of field Fq) and, second, multiplying the remainder by x. The computation stops when the output begins to repeat. This process may be implemented using a linear feedback shift register as set forth in an article by Douglas W. Clark and Lih-Jyh Weng, "Maximal and Near-Maximal Shift Register Sequences: Efficient Event Counters and Easy Discrete Logarithms," IEEE Transactions on Computers 43.5 (May 1994, pp 560-568). In this environment, a relationship is established between cyclical shifting of the sequence and polynomial Rl(x): changing Rl(x) only cyclically shifts the sequence and every cyclical shifting corresponds to a polynomial Rl(x). One of the properties of the resulting sequence is that, the sequence has a period of qn−1 and within a period, over a width (or length) n, any portion exists once and only once in the sequence. This is called the "window property". Period qn−1 is also referred to as the length of the sequence and n as the order of the sequence.
The process described above is but one of a variety of processes that may be used to create a sequence with the window property.
The array (or m-array) that may be used to create the image (of which a portion may be captured by the camera) is an extension of the one-dimensional sequence or m-sequence. Let A be an array of period (m1, m2), namely A(k+m1,l)=A(k,l+m2)=A(k,l). When an n1�n2 window shifts through a period of A, all the nonzero n1�n2 matrices over Fq appear once and only once. This property is also referred to as a "window property" in that each window is unique.
A binary array (or m-array) may be constructed by folding the sequence. One approach is to obtain a sequence then fold it to a size of m1�m2 where the length of the array is L=m1�2=2n−1. Alternatively, one may start with a predetermined size of the space that one wants to cover (for example, one sheet of paper, 30 sheets of paper or the size of a computer monitor), determine the area (m1�m2), then use the size to let L≧m1�m2, where L=2n−1.
A variety of different folding techniques may be used. For example,
To create the folding method as shown in
bkl=ai, where k=i mod(m1), l=i mod(m2), i=0, . . . , L−1. (1)
This folding approach may be alternatively expressed as laying the sequence on the diagonal of the array, then continuing from the opposite edge when an edge is reached.
Referring to
Referring back to
Here, more than one pixel or dot is used to represent a bit. Using a single pixel (or bit) to represent a bit is fragile. Dust, creases in paper, non-planar surfaces, and the like create difficulties in reading single bit representations of data units. However, it is appreciated that different approaches may be used to graphically represent the array on a surface. Some approaches are shown in
A bit stream is used to create the graphical pattern 403 of
When a person writes with the pen of
For the determination of the orientation of the captured image relative to the whole encoded area, one may notice that not all the four conceivable corners shown in
Continuing to
Next, image 601 is analyzed to determine which corner is missing. The rotation amount o needed to rotate image 601 to an image ready for decoding 603 is shown as o=(θ plus a rotation amount {defined by which corner missing}). The rotation amount is shown by the equation in
It is appreciated that the rotation angle θ may be applied before or after rotation of the image 601 to account for the missing corner. It is also appreciated that by considering noise in the captured image, all four types of corners may be present. We may count the number of corners of each type and choose the type that has the least number as the corner type that is missing.
Finally, the code in image 603 is read out and correlated with the original bit stream used to create image 403. The correlation may be performed in a number of ways. For example, it may be performed by a recursive approach in which a recovered bit stream is compared against all other bit stream fragments within the original bit stream. Second, a statistical analysis may be performed between the recovered bit stream and the original bit stream, for example, by using a Hamming distance between the two bit streams. It is appreciated that a variety of approaches may be used to determine the location of the recovered bit stream within the original bit stream.
Once one has the recovered bits, one needs to locate the captured image within the original array (for example, the one shown in
Let the sequence (or m-sequence) I correspond to the power series I(x)=1/Pn(x), where n is the order of the m-sequence, and the captured image contains K bits of I b=(b0 b1 b2 . . . bK-1)t, where K≧n and the superscript t represents a transpose of the matrix or vector. The location s of the K bits is just the number of cyclic shifts of I so that b0 is shifted to the beginning of the sequence. Then this shifted sequence R corresponds to the power series xs/Pn(x), or R=Ts(I), where T is the cyclic shift operator. We find this s indirectly. The polynomials modulo Pn(x) form a field. It is guaranteed that xs≡r0+r1x+ . . . rn-1xn-1 mod(Pn(x)). Therefore, we may find (r0, r1, . . . , rn-1) and then solve for s.
The relationship xs≡r0+r1x+ . . . rn-1xn-1 mod(Pn(x)) implies that R=r0+r1T(I)+ . . . +rn-1Tn-1(I). Written in a binary linear equation, it becomes:
R=rtA (2)
where r=(r0 r1 r2 . . . rn-1)t, and A=(I T(I) . . . Tn-1(I))t which consists of the cyclic shifts of I from 0-shift to (n−1)-shift. Now only sparse K bits are available in R to solve r. Let the index differences between bi and b0 in R be ki, i=1, 2, . . . , k−1, then the 1st and (ki+1)-th elements of R, i=1, 2, . . . , k−1, are exactly b0, b1, . . . , bk-1. By selecting the 1st and (ki+1)-th columns of A, i=1, 2, . . . , k−1, the following binary linear equation is formed:
bt=rtM (3)
If b is error-free, the solution of r may be expressed as:
rt={tilde over (b)}t{tilde over (M)}−1 (4)
where {tilde over (M)} is any non-degenerate n�n sub-matrix of M and {tilde over (b)} is the corresponding sub-vector of b.
With known r, we may use the Pohlig-Hellman-Silver algorithm as noted by Douglas W. Clark and Lih-Jyh Weng, "Maximal and Near-Maximal Shift Register Sequences: Efficient Event Counters and Easy Discrete Logarithms," IEEE Transactions on Computers 43.5 (May 1994, pp 560-568) to find s so that xs≡r0+r1x+ . . . rn-1xn-1 mod(Pn(x)).
As matrix A (with the size of n by L, where L=2n−1) may be huge, we should avoid storing the entire matrix A. In fact, as we have seen in the above process, given extracted bits with index difference ki, only the first and (ki+1)-th columns of A are relevant to the computation. Such choices of ki is quite limited, given the size of the captured image. Thus, only those columns that may be involved in computation need to be saved. The total number of such columns is much smaller than L (where L=2n−1 is the length of the m-sequence).
Error Correction
If errors exist in b, then the solution of r becomes more complex. Traditional methods of decoding with error correction may not readily apply, because the matrix M associated with the captured bits may change from one captured image to another.
We adopt a stochastic approach. Assuming that the number of error bits in b, ne, is relatively small compared to K, then the probability of choosing the correct n bits from the K bits of b and the corresponding sub-matrix {tilde over (M)} of M being non-degenerate is high.
When the n bits chosen are all correct, the Hamming distance between bt and rtM, or the number of error bits associated with r, should be minimal, where r is computed via equation (4). Repeating the process for several times, it is likely that the correct r that results in the minimal error bits can be identified.
If there is only one r that is associated with the minimum number of error bits, then it is regarded as the correct solution. Otherwise, if there is more than one r that is associated with the minimum number of error bits, the probability that ne exceeds the error correcting ability of the code generated by M is high and the decoding process fails. The system then may move on to process the next captured image. In another implementation, information about previous locations of the pen can be taken into consideration. That is, for each captured image, a destination area where the pen may be expected next can be identified. For example, if the user has not lifted the pen between two image captures by the camera, the location of the pen as determined by the second image capture should not be too far away from the first location. Each r that is associated with the minimum number of error bits can then be checked to see if the location s computed from r satisfies the local constraint, i.e., whether the location is within the destination area specified.
If the location s satisfies the local constraint, the X, Y positions of the extracted bits in the array are returned. If not, the decoding process fails.
In step 803, n independent column vectors are randomly selected from the matrix M and vector r is determined by solving equation (4). This process is performed Q times (for example, 100 times) in step 804. The determination of the number of loop times is discussed in the section Loop Times Calculation later.
In step 805, r is sorted according to its associated number of error bits. The sorting can be done using a variety of sorting algorithms as known in the art. For example, a selection sorting algorithm may be used. The selection sorting algorithm is beneficial when the number Q is not large. However, if Q becomes large, other sorting algorithms (for example, a merge sort) that handle larger numbers of items more efficiently may be used.
The system then determines in step 806 whether error correction was performed successfully, by checking whether multiple r's are associated with the minimum number of error bits. If yes, an error is returned in step 809, indicating the decoding process failed. If not, the position s of the extracted bits in the sequence (or m-sequence) is calculated in step 807, for example, by using the Pohig-Hellman-Silver algorithm.
Next, the (X,Y) position in the array is calculated as: x=s mod m1 and y=s mod m2 and the results are returned in step 808.
Location Determination
In step 901, an image is received from a camera. Next, the received image may be optionally preprocessed in step 902 (as shown by the broken outline of step 902) to adjust the contrast between the light and dark pixels and the like.
Next, in step 903, the image is analyzed to determine the bit stream within it.
Next, in step 904, n bits are randomly selected from the bit stream for multiple times and the location of the received bit stream within the original sequence (or m-sequence) is determined.
Finally, once the location of the captured image is determined in step 904, the location of the pen tip may be determined in step 905.
Next, the received image is analyzed in step 1004 to determine the underlying grid lines. If grid lines are found in step 1005, then the code is extracted from the pattern in step 1006. The code is then decoded in step 1007 and the location of the pen tip is determined in step 1008. If no grid lines were found in step 1005, then an error is returned in step 1009.
Outline of Enhanced Decoding and Error Correction Algorithm
With an embodiment of the invention as shown in
Decode Once. Component 1251 includes three parts.
The embodiment of the invention utilizes a discreet strategy to select bits, adjusts the number of loop iterations, and determines the X,Y position (location coordinates) in accordance with a local constraint, which is provided to process 1200. With both components 1251 and 1253, steps 1205 and 1219 ("Decode Once") utilize equation (4) to compute r.
Let {circumflex over (b)} be decoded bits, that is:
{circumflex over (b)}t=rtM (5)
The difference between b and {circumflex over (b)} are the error bits associated with r.
If step 1207 detects error bits in b, component 1253 is executed in order to decode with error bits. Step 1217 selects another set of n bits (which differ by at least one bit from the n bits selected in step 1203) from extracted bits 1201. Steps 1221 and 1223 determine the number of iterations (loop times) that are necessary for decoding the extracted bits. Step 1225 determines the position of the captured array by testing which candidates obtained in step 1219 satisfy the local constraint. Steps 1217-1225 will be discussed in more details.
Smart Bit Selection
Step 1203 randomly selects n bits from extracted bits 1201 (having K bits), and solves for r1. Using equation (5), decoded bits can be calculated. Let I1={kε{1, 2, . . . , K}|bk={circumflex over (b)}k},
In order to avoid such a situation, step 1217 selects the next n bits according to the following procedure:
Loop Times Calculation
With the error correction component 1253, the number of required iterations (loop times) is adjusted after each loop. The loop times is determined by the expected error rate. The expected error rate pe in which not all the selected n bits are correct is:
where lt represents the loop times and is initialized by a constant, K is the number of extracted bits from the captured array, ne represents the minimum number of error bits incurred during the iteration of process 1200, n is the order of the m-array, and CK n is the number of combinations in which n bits are selected from K bits.
In the embodiment, we want pe to be less than e−5=0.0067. In combination with (6), we have:
Adjusting the loop times may significantly reduce the number of iterations of process 1253 that are required for error correction.
Determine X, Y Position with Local Constraint
In steps 1209 and 1225, the decoded position should be within the destination area. The destination area is an input to the algorithm, and it may be of various sizes and places or simply the whole m-array depending on different applications. Usually it can be predicted by the application. For example, if the previous position is determined, considering the writing speed, the destination area of the current pen tip should be close to the previous position. However, if the pen is lifted, then its next position can be anywhere. Therefore, in this case, the destination area should be the whole m-array. The correct X,Y position is determined by the following steps.
In step 1224 process 1200 selects ri whose corresponding number of error bits is less than:
where lt is the actual loop times and lr represents the Local Constraint Rate calculated by:
where L is the length of the m-array.
Step 1224 sorts ri in ascending order of the number of error bits. Steps 1225, 1211 and 1212 then finds the first ri in which the corresponding X,Y position is within the destination area. Steps 1225, 1211 and 1212 finally returns the X,Y position as the result (through step 1213), or an indication that the decoding procedure failed (through step 1215).
Architecture for Determining Path of a Stroke (Strokes Localization)
Step 1507 analyzes digital document 1553 in order to determine the areas of document 1553 in which the maze pattern is occluded by contents of document 1553. (With the embodiment, digital document 1553 does not include annotations generated by a user.) If maze pattern cells are occluded by the contents of document 1553, step 1505 may not be able to extract enough m-array bits to determine the x-y position of a frame. By analyzing the whole watermarked document 1553, process 1500 can ascertain the areas of document 1553 where the x-y position cannot be uniquely determined. This analysis may be used in step 1509 as will be discussed.
In step 1511, if the x-y position of any frame that is associated with a stroke cannot be determined from m-array decoding (corresponding to step 1505), process 1500 may not be able to locate the position of the frame. In such cases, step 1509 performs global localization in which captured images can be warped by an affine transform obtained by maze pattern analysis (step 1503) and then can be matched with an area of document image 1553 where a substantial amount of maze pattern cells are occluded by the content of the document. Once one frame is successfully matched, local localization (step 1517 as will be discussed) is utilized to locate the entire stroke (corresponding to a series of frames).
In step 1517, frames whose x-y positions are not decoded in step 1505 or determined by global localization in step 1509 are further processed. The location of such frames should be near the location of frames whose x-y positions are determined by m-array decoding or global localization. The location of such frames is determined by matching the frames with the neighboring area of already determined x-y positions. The perspective transform FS→P (as previously discussed) between captured images and document images is also obtained.
X-y positions obtained from m-array decoding (corresponding to step 1505) and global/local localization (steps 1509 and 1517, respectively) represent the locations (x-y positions) of the centers of captured images. (An embodiment of the invention may support one, two or three dimensions. In the embodiment, two dimensions are supported so that a position location corresponds to an x-y position.) In order to obtain the x-y positions of the pen tip, a relationship between the pen tip (e.g., pen tip 202 as shown in
In step 1515 the x-y positions of the pen tip are determined by mapping the x-y positions of image centers using the perspective transform obtained from local localization and calibration parameters. (An example of determining a path 1555 of a pen tip is shown in
Document image analysis and calibration may be performed off-line, or separately before on-line image-capturing and processing. The other components (e.g., image segmentation module 1601, maze pattern analyzer 1603, m-array decoding module 1605, matching module 1609, and mapping module 1613) may be performed on-line or off-line. The functionality of the components is described in detail as follows.
Captured images may contain contents of a document such as text or drawings, which are initially assessed in preprocessing.
In addition, the captured images (e.g., captured images 1700 and 1800) are normalized to compensate for the non-uniform illumination.
The task of maze pattern analysis is to extract m-array bits from the visible maze pattern bars (e.g., bars 401 and 402 as shown in
If the number of extracted bits obtained in step 1505 (as shown in
Maze patterns are possibly occluded by content of the document, which means there may not be enough m-array bits that can be extracted for decoding from a captured image. By analyzing the whole watermarked document image, process 1500 or apparatus 1600 can determine in which area where the x-y position can be uniquely determined and in which area where x-y position cannot be uniquely determined. The analysis result is used in the global localization.
In the embodiment, the x-y position of a captured image can be determined if the center of a captured image is located in type I or type II areas and may be determined if the center is located in a type III area. In
In the embodiment, process 1500 may obtain digital document 1553 by rendering an electronic document to a bitmap or by scanning a paper document and then re-sampling the corresponding bitmap to an appropriate resolution. Determination of the resolution is based on the following considerations: (1) the resolution of the document image shouldn't be less than that of the captured image, because the watermarked gray-scale document image will be matched with a camera-captured image in order to determine the location of the captured image; (2) one printed maze pattern cell should be mapped to an integer number of document image pixels so that the matching algorithm can work more effectively. For example, if the resolution of the camera is 0.15 mm/pixel, i.e., 0.15 mm in the physical world is mapped to one camera pixel, the printed maze pattern cell size is 0.45 mm*0.45 mm, i.e., a printed maze pattern cell is mapped to 3*3 pixels on the camera sensor, the resolution of the document image should also be set to 0.15 mm/pixel so that a printed maze pattern cell will be mapped to a 3*3 pixel area in the document image.
If the x-y positions of the captured images of a stroke fail to be determined from m-array decoding, it is predictable that the centers of all images are located at the area where x-y position cannot be uniquely determined. In this case, the captured images are warped by affine transform obtained by maze pattern analysis, and then are matched with the area of document image where x-y position cannot be uniquely determined. Once one frame is matched successfully, the local localization algorithm is used to locate the whole stroke.
With document 1553 (as shown in
With global localization, a frame is matched with the document image at select points of the search region. The original frame may be warped (transformed) by the scale and rotation (affine transform) from maze pattern analysis (corresponding to step 1503 as shown in
In the embodiment, the success of matching a frame corresponds to the largest cross-correlation value between the captured image and the document image. (The cross-correlation value varies between 0 to 1.) The largest cross-correlation value should be sufficiently larger than other cross-correlation values and the threshold, i.e., how much larger, may be determined by off-line training. For example, global localization may require that the difference between the highest cross-correlation value and the second highest cross-correlation value be larger than 0.1.
For those frames which x-y positions are not decoded/determined by m-array decoding/global localization, the locations should be near the locations of the frames where x-y positions are determined. Consequently, the corresponding locations are determined by matching the images with the neighbor areas of already determined x-y positions. The perspective transform between captured images and document images is also obtained.
In the embodiment, local localization utilizes start points and pivotal start points. Start points are the location of frames which are successfully located by m-array decoding (corresponding to step 1505 as shown in
The following procedure depicts an embodiment for local localization:
X-y positions obtained from m-array decoding and global/local localization represents the locations of the centers of captured images. To obtain the x-y positions of pen tip 202, the relationship between pen tip 202 and the center of camera 203 needs to be calibrated. Fast and accurate calibration is significant since ink cartridges may be changed frequently.
By touching the pen-tip at a fixed contact point on the writing surface in different postures, a few images are captured. The calibration parameters are determined by using the constraint that all x-y positions of these images should be mapped to the same point (the fixed contact point) by correct calibration parameters.
In the embodiment, the following procedure is used for calibrating a pen tip. The procedure is used to estimate the calibration parameter Lvirtual-pentip:
Finally, one obtains Lvirtual-pentip accurate as the calibration parameter Lvirtual-pentip.
X-y positions of pen tip 202 are determined by mapping the x-y positions of image centers using the perspective transform obtained from local localization and calibration parameters.
As can be appreciated by one skilled in the art, a computer system with an associated computer-readable medium containing instructions for controlling the computer system can be utilized to implement the exemplary embodiments that are disclosed herein. The computer system may include at least one computer such as a microprocessor, digital signal processor, and associated peripheral electronic circuitry.
Although the invention has been defined using the appended claims, these claims are illustrative in that the invention is intended to include the elements and steps described herein in any combination or sub combination. Accordingly, there are any number of alternative combinations for defining the invention, which incorporate one or more elements from the specification, including the description, claims, and drawings, in various combinations or sub combinations. It will be apparent to those skilled in the relevant technology, in light of the present specification, that alternate combinations of aspects of the invention, either alone or in combination with one or more elements or steps defined herein, may be utilized as modifications or alterations of the invention or as part of the invention. It may be intended that the written description of the invention contained herein covers all such modifications and alterations.
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|4 May 2005
|17 Mar 2009
|Microsoft Corporation
|Local metadata embedding solution
|30 Jun 2005
|5 May 2009
|Microsoft Corporation
|Embedded interaction code decoding for a liquid crystal display
|25 Feb 2005
|12 May 2009
|Microsoft Corporation
|Embedded interaction code printing with Microsoft Office documents
|17 Feb 2005
|19 May 2009
|Microsoft Corporation
|Digital pen calibration by local linearization
|22 Mar 2006
|23 Mar 2010
|Microsoft Corporation
|Passive embedded interaction coding
|31 May 2005
|1 Jun 2010
|Microsoft Corporation
|Fast error-correcting of embedded interaction codes
|17 Aug 2005
|19 Oct 2010
|Microsoft Corporation
|Embedded interaction code enabled surface type identification
|25 Feb 2005
|2 Nov 2010
|Microsoft Corporation
|Fast embedded interaction code printing with custom postscript commands
|12 Jun 2008
|5 Apr 2011
|Microsoft Corporation
|Preprocessing for information pattern analysis
|5 Nov 2008
|18 Oct 2011
|Eldad Shemesh
|Input device and method of operation thereof
|15 Jul 2013
|20 May 2014
|Pixart Imaging Inc.
|Method of determining coordinate on micro dotmap according to moving vector
|6 Jan 2004
|1 Sep 2005
|Microsoft Corporation
|Enhanced approach of m-array decoding and error correction
|21 Oct 2009
|27 May 2010
|Promethean Limited
|Registration for interactive whiteboard
|4 Apr 2013
|10 Oct 2013
|Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.
|Apparatus and method to detect coordinates in a penbased display device
|15 Jul 2013
|14 Nov 2013
|Pixart Imaging Inc.
|Method of Determining Coordinate on Micro Dotmap according to Moving Vector
|U.S. Classification
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|1 May 2008
Owner name: MICROSOFT CORPORATION, WASHINGTON
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:WANG, JIAN;DANG, YINGNONG;WANG, QIANG;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:020888/0444;SIGNING DATES FROM 20040114 TO 20040212
|4 Oct 2012
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|9 Dec 2014
Owner name: MICROSOFT TECHNOLOGY LICENSING, LLC, WASHINGTON
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:MICROSOFT CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:034542/0001
Effective date: 20141014


text:
Firenze Patio Torch
Bring the feeling of the islands to your patio or walkway.
Providing the perfect flame for the outdoor.
The Firenze Patio Torch is constructed of polished aluminum giving it the clean sleek chrome look. Light up this torch with a standard plumber's torch gas canister (not included) to bring out the beauty of your garden or home. One canister will operate approximately 3-4 hours. Features a breaking down system for easy storage.
Dimensions: 4" D x 77" H
Weight: 3 lbs.
Firenze Patio Torch
Firenze Patio Torch
Our innovative products will provide you and your family with years of enjoyment. And with the Brookstone Protection Plus service and replacement plans, you'll have the added peace of mind knowing that if the unexpected does happen, we will simply repair or replace your covered product. Our enhanced coverage goes above and beyond the manufacturer's warranty, saving you time and money.
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
Who's on Tour? September 2013
Jay Z: Magna Carta Tour
While already sharing the stage with Justin Timberlake for their massive Legends of Summer tour, Jay Z will be riding solo for a world tour in support of his recent album Magna Carta… Holy Grail. Jay will be traveling all over Europe including France, Germany, Netherlands, Sweden, and the UK before he hits North America for 34 dates. If you've been bumping Magna Carta... Holy Grail, don't miss the opportunity to see your favorite tracks from it performed live.
1. One Direction: Take Me Home
The English-boy band One Direction just wrapped the North American leg of their "Take Me Home" tour. The tour originally was planned for the UK & Ireland are but due to the bands international breakthrough the concert expanded into North America, Japan and Australia. In the UK and Ireland, ticket sales reached over 300,000 within a day of release. In Australian and New Zealand markets, tickets grossed $15.7 million, with all 190,000 tickets being sold for eighteen shows within both countries.
Click here to get tickets One Directon's "Take Me Home" tour.
2. The Weeknd: The Fall
Canadian R&B artist The Weeknd in on 28-date fall tour to coincide with the release of his sophomore album Kiss Land that dropped today! He will play dates across North America throughout the fall featuring EDM artist Anna Lunoe and our Artist of the Week, BANKS. The tour will conclude with three hometown shows at Toronto's Massey Hall, it's only right.
3. Who's on Tour?
Looking to make some memories? There's nothing like experiencing a live performance by one of the biggest stars in the world with thousands of other people. When musicians sell out arena tours it means they've reached a level in their career that the entire world cares about. There are some incredible musicians touring the world right now. These are the ones that people will remember. When you see a teenager two decades from now wearing the very same tee shirt you bought at the show—it's become vintage by then—you'll look back and be able to say, "I was there."
The summer is coming to an end but the concerts are just beginning. The second half of the summer will be filled with unforgettable performances from the likes of big brother HOV, Toronto superstar The Weeknd, and more.


text:
Nb: infants must be under the age of 2 and
children must be under the age of 12 at the time of
Centrally located right in the heart of Val Thorens, the hotel and apartments Le Portillo offer comfortable and attractive accommodation as well as excellent skiing convenience. The superior hotel is uniquely decorated in a traditional mountain style and furnished with some beautiful antiques. The spacious apartments in the same building are well appointed and comfortably furnished and there is even a mini supermarket in the residence.
Bedroom facilities
Iglu acts as a travel agent for disclosed principals/tour operators, further details
of which will be made available at the time of booking. Your holiday contract will
be bound by the tour operators terms and conditions.
Prices are shown for a basic room or unit, can be subject to change and are indicative
until time of booking. Please call on 020 8544 7114 for prices for other travel
and room options for this property.
The price shown includes 7 nights accommodation,
with flights from Gatwick.
Prices shown are per person per week based on maximum occupancy. Descriptions and
quality ratings are provided by the Tour Operator (or one of the Tour Operators
where similar holidays are offered by more than one supplier). We reserve the right
to make minor adjustments to the description or rating based on staff and customer
feedback. For payments by credit card, a 2.5% credit card charge (4% for AMEX) will
be added to your invoice. If you pay by a UK issued debit card, there is no charge.
All bookings are subject to a £5 per person Passenger Admin Fee charged by Iglu.com.


text:
Curved Stainless Steel Heated Towel Rails & Radiators
Trade Radiators has carefully selected a superior collection of high quality highly polished Curved Stainless Steel Heated Towel Rails. Our extensive range of sizes and bar patterns are exquisitely finished and are available for connection to a Standard Central Heating system, as a stand alone Electric Heater or a Dual Fuel configuration, enabling connection to both central heating and electric element. Carefully handmade to exacting standards they are unaffected by corrosion, all come with a 20 year guarantee and are available for free next day delivery if ordered before 2pm. Available as straight bar also.
430mm x 500mm
430mm x 600mm
800mm x 350mm
800mm x 500mm
800mm x 600mm
1200mm x 350mm
1200mm x 500mm
1200mm x 600mm
1600mm x 350mm
1600mm x 500mm
1600mm x 600mm
Stainless Steel Bathroom Radiator Feedback
Trade Radiators has carefully selected a superior collection of high quality polished stainless steel curved bathroom radiators. Our range of contemporary heated towel rails suit any room, large or small, for conventional central heating systems, electric only or both as dual fuel. Please see below a sample of what our customers have said about our service & products.
We were very impressed with Trade Radiators from the minute we visited their website. Clear, concise and accurate...I knew Trade Radiators would be a company I would like to do business with.
Very Helpful staff on the telephone, and extremely prompt delivery. High quality product that we are thrilled with, and will recommend Trade Radiators to anyone. Fantastic Quality & Value from a Fantastic friendly Company. Keep up the good business,
M&H Davies, South Wales
Very pleased with the products. Delivery service worked well in being able to re-deliver on a day of my choosing. Regards
P. Holloway, Bournemouth
The service was excellent with a next day delivery. The quality of the radiator was also first class and I feel that I have received great value for money. The person who installed the radiator for me was equally impressed and has made a note of your address and web site for future use. Sincerely
L. Shelton, Sheffield.
I was very pleased with the towel radiator you supplied which arrived the next day. One of the fixings was slightly scratched so I telephoned your aftersales service and spoke to a very friendly gentleman ( no pre recorded message which was nice! ) and he was extremely helpful and sent a replacement which also arrived the very next day. Very pleased with the service you provide and I will definitely use you again. p.s. the radiator looks great in my new bathroom!
Y. Beven, Dorset.
Stainless steel radiator looks excellent, what a great service; what more can I say!
M. Roe, Gloustershire.
Did not believe the 24 hr delivery but I was wrong !radiator received @ 12.30 don't know how you do it for price & quality but keep it up you have restored my faith in on line shopping regards J. Kell, Devon.
I received my stainless steel curved heated towel rail this morning. I would like to thank you for the excellent service you have provided from start to finish. I would thoroughly recommend your products to anyone looking for an easy and professional transaction. Once again many thanks.
R. Whysall, Derbyshire.
I was very pleased with the service from your company and the delivery was excellent. I am happy to say that the radiator is installed and working very well and I have a lovely warm bathroom. Thank you.
C. Burgess, North Yorkshire
I am 100 per cent happy with my purchase and the service that I received.Thank you.
J.A. Carter, Essex
Thank you for having just what I was looking for, the transaction and delivery were easy. Thanks
A. Ross, Dorset
Delighted with the radiators - haven't got them fitted yet, they should be on the wall next week. Service was first class. Many thanks.
A. MacNab, Argyll
We are very happy with our purchase. It fits perfectly into an ensuite and looks very stylish.
L. Hill, Wiltshire
Yes arrived very promptly and we are very pleased with the design and heat output
Thank you for your good service
R. Henderson, London
I am totally satisfied with my purchase. It has been installed and works efficiently.
W. Coward, Essex


text:
Here it is, Yankee fans - Enter Sandman, for the emotional, incredible last time! After 19 years of pure greatness as the greatest relief pitcher in the history of baseball, the 43-year-old legend was finally ready to hang 'em up, and the second-half of the 2013 season turned into a farewell tour around the majors. But despite the lead-up, nothing could prepare the fans, the players, and Mariano himself, for the emotion of the moment that night in The Bronx. As more than 48,000 fans rise in celebration, the bullpen door swings open, and Mariano begins the jog to the mound for the last time...SNAP! The moment
is preserved for all-time, and is now available for your wall.
on premium-quality photographic stock in perfect focus and color, this poster
gives you a huge, beautiful look inside Yankee Stadium on that unforgettable evening. All the grandeur of the beautiful ballpark
is here, lit up brilliantly against the dark night sky: the perfectly-manicured natural grass surface, the giant scoreboard
complex, the towering classic facade,
the unique stadium architecture, and all the action on the field and in the stands. Complete with commemorative title, game date, location, and official Rivera Retirement logo, this is a spectacular work of sports art! Whether you were
at the game that day to witness history, are a long-time Yankees fan who
celebrated from afar, or are simply a fan of ballparks and baseball
history, this remarkable print is for you. A must-have collector's item
for the wall of any fan, perfect for a nice frame and a prominent place
on the wall of home or office. A limited-edition release, this one won't
be available forever...grab yours now while you can!
Product Specifications:


text:
He's no Luck.
He's no Luck.
The Suck for Luck campaign >>>>>>>>>>>>>
Thanks for the education Casas. I thought all of our recievers were way better than Victor Cruz. NOT!!! Look at the original post. 3 NEW TARGETS. 2 recievers and a dominant tight end. By the way Tannehill throws a very good deep ball when he can set his feet and fire it. See the perfect ball to Charles Clay on 2 different TD passes. There are many other examples but you'd have to be watching Dolphin games.
And by the way the receivers got open against the Patriots, Tannehill was the one that failed.
Here's the bottom line. You put Luck on this Dolphin team and our record would be the same. No better, no how.


text:
Jenson Button reckons Sebastian Vettel is a man under pressure this weekend as the Championship leader has the most to lose...
Jenson Button reckons Sebastian Vettel is a man under pressure this weekend as the Championship leader has the most to lose.
Vettel is holding a 13-point advantage over Fernando Alonso ahead of Sunday's title showdown in Brazil, a race that will see one of the two clinch their third World title.
"Sebastian has a healthy lead, which is a positive, but also a negative," Button told Autosport. "You feel more under pressure as you are the guy being hunted.
"You'd like to be in Sebastian's position in terms of points, but Fernando's position is exciting."
Vettel, though, may face more than just a challenge from Alonso come Sunday as the weather is set to play a massive role with heavy rain forecast.
"If it's wet, it's tricky for Sebastian," said the McLaren driver.
"Even though he's got the lead it's tough mentally because you feel you have more to lose, and whatever he says, he still has more to lose."
And Button is familiar with being the one with the most to lose as in 2009 he arrived at the Interlagos circuit leading the Championship but with Rubens Barrichello closing fast.
"For me one of my competitors was Brazilian which made it even tougher," Button said.
"I did feel a lot of pressure that weekend. Bad qualifying in the wet and Saturday evening I felt under massive pressure before Sunday.
"But for those two, they've both won two Championships now and if I found myself in that same position I wouldn't feel as much under pressure."


text:
10 Sep 2008
|Printable version | Email to a friend
|Archaeology Weekend at Lake Champlain Maritime Museum
Hundreds of old shipwrecks lie at the bottom of Lake Champlain, well preserved by its chilly waters.
September is Archaeology Month in Vermont and there are a number of interesting events open to the public. One of the main events is this weekend at the Lake Champlain Maritime Museum located near Vergennes, a few miles south of Burlington.
The museum has long been active in marine archaeology and its staff has helped in the locating and documenting of many shipwrecks lying at the bottom of the lake, some of them dating back to the Revolutionary War.
This weekend the museum will be showing three films: one about a gunboat from Benedict Arnold's fleet still lying at the bottom of the lake; the second about the birch bark canoe as used by native Americans and showing the construction of a replica of a canoe from the 1600's; and a third film presenting the findings of the Middlebury College ten year sonar survey of the lake bottom.
Visitors can work the Shipwreck Simulator to learn the skills of documenting a shipwreck site and take a behind- the-scenes tour of the Conservation Lab to meet the archaeologists working to preserve timbers from 1809 steamboat Vermont.
There will also be on-water boat excursions to the site of a shipwreck where visitors can watch a Remotely Operated Vehicle descend to the wreck and transmit back images to the on-board monitor. Space is limited on this excursion so register in advance by calling (802) 475-2022.
These events take place both Saturday, September 13 and Sunday, September 14 from 1:00pm-3:00pm. There is a discounted price for Archaeology Weekend of $10 per person, less than half the usual cost of $22 per person.
On Sunday, there will also be a canoe paddle to the site of an ancient Native American village near the confluence of Dead Creek and Otter Creek. This is a short canoe trip led by LCMM Staff Archaeologists who will show artifacts, give stone tool-making demonstrations, and lead a fish netting activity to catch the same fish species that Native Americans came here to catch centuries ago. This event is Sunday, September 14 from 9:30am - 3:30pm. $40/adults; $15/age 15 and under
In addition to these events, there are exhibits you can see including a photographs showing the seasons and "moods" of Lake Champlain taken by both professional and amateur photographers.
Another exhibit is called Fish Stories. It tells the stories of a number of Lake Champlains eighty-one fish species through a fish-eye lens. The exhibit includes paintings by local artists, recordings of fishing stories by seasoned Lake Champlain anglers, descriptions of Abenaki and Iroquois fishing practices, and examples of fishing equipment used over the centuries.
Maritime Machines is another current exhibit which consists of interactive stations around the museum where visitors can experience first-hand the specialized machines of the maritime trade. This includes a working steam engine of the 1893 steamboat Comet, a Windlass where visitors can actually move a heavy stone block across the ground, a set of working bilge pumps, a scale-model waterwheel powering a miniature sawmill and grist mill, bosuns chairs where visitors hoist themselves up like sailors do, plus others.
(c) 2008 Jeff Connor Grunberg Haus Inn
|posted by grunhaus at 20:25


text:
News Update 01.09.08
North Carolina
Testimony continues in the trial of Lisa Greene.
In Durham, there is debate over whether prosecutors will be able to seek the death penalty against Jasmond Jevon "Catfish" Rogers for his role in a June drive-by shooting. The assistant district attorney failed to give the defense advance notice of his decision to seek death, as required by law. Giving notice only requires filing simple paperwork, but is important because without it the defense cannot gain access to special funds and resources necessary to a capital trial. Moving forward with a capital case in which the DA has not given proper notice means that either the defense will be ambushed (and have a great issue for appeal) or that the trial will be needlessly delayed while the defense conducts the investigation it would have done earlier had the DA complied with the law. Speedy justice requires timely notice.
Meanwhile in Moore County, prosecutors have been given the green light to seek death against Sherrod Nicholas Harrison. Harrison is one of five men accused of a September home invasion-homicide. The case is being closely watched by online hate communities because the victim was white and all of the defendants are black.
NC Policy Watch weighs in on what the Baze litigation means for North Carolina: "First, the debate places the spotlight on the inherent flaws in any capital punishment system. While a majority of the U.S. Supreme Court may not find it violative of the Eighth Amendment, there is no longer any hiding the fact that killing people is, even under the most 'humane' circumstances, a grisly business…Second and more broadly, the cases serve to point out the inherent contradictions of state sanctioned killing in the 21st Century. As more and more Americans appear to be coming to understand…capital punishment is (like slavery, torture, racism and many other once widely celebrated and now dead or dying institutions) a practice that fares worse and worse over time as more of the world comes to truly grasp what's involved."
Reactions to Baze are everywhere. Just a few: NY Times, Volokh Conspiracy, Washington Post, miscellaneous links from How Appealing here and here, plus coverage from PBS and NPR. And of course StandDown has herds of links here and here and here.
A New England Journal of Medicine editorial has thoughts on the proper role of doctors in executions – none. "Physicians and other health care providers should not be involved in capital punishment, even in an advisory capacity. A profession dedicated to healing the sick has no place in the process of execution…We believe that, like the anesthesiologists in the Morales case, all responsible members of the medical profession, when asked to assist in a state-ordered execution, will remember the Hippocratic Oath and refuse to participate. The future of capital punishment in the United States will be up to the justices, but the involvement of physicians in executions will be up to the medical profession." (c/o StandDown)


text:
I bought this machine a few months ago and just got it powered up went an got gas and thought I was ready to play..... i was wrong. It has spoolmatic one conversion kit setup for aluminium and worked great when i bought it. I took the cover of and the relay clicks but does not pull the contactor together when i push the contactor together the spool gun arcs. the spool gun feeds wire and gas just no arc any information would be much apreciated.
sincerely the newb..
Results 1 to 2 of 2
05-19-2013, 07:20 PM #1Junior Member
- Join Date
- May 2013
- Posts
- 1
white face millermatic 35 wont arc!!
So you'll need to determine if the relay contacts are bad or the contactor coil is bad.
Unit SN?MM200 w/spot controller and Spoolmatic 1
Syncrowave 180 SD
Bobcat 225G Plus LPG/NG w/14-pin*
*Homemade Suitcase Wire Feeder
*WC-1S & Spoolmatic 1
PakMaster 100XL
Marquette "Star Jet" 21-110


text:
Physical fitness is a priority in the Air Force. While some Airmen dread taking physical fitness tests, there are ways to prepare for it.
"One mistake I see from time to time are Airmen who do not prepare ahead of time for their physical fitness test, which can lead to either an undesirable score or a fail," said Dion Perry, 56th Force Support Squadron fitness technician.
Another misconception is if one makes the minimum for the run, sit-up and pushup portions of the test they pass. This isn't true, Perry said.
"For each portion of the test, an individual is given a certain amount of points. Making the minimums will not give a person the amount they need in order to pass," he said. "To pass, one should strive to put in at least three to five more repetitions to their sit-ups and pushups in addition to running at least 2:33 faster than their minimum run time."
As well as earning points for each portion of the test, an individual must also pass their waist measurement. The maximum waist measurement for men is 39.5 inches and for women it's 35.5 inches, Perry said.
To have the best chances of scoring over 90 percent or just improving one's physical fitness test score, Perry recommends starting at least 90 days prior to the test date.
"Give yourself 90 days and make sure to mock test every 30 days; this will give you a clearer picture of where you are," Perry said. "The first step is to set up a fitness regimen."
For the run portion of the test, it is advised to run at least three times a week, said Marlyn Shults, 56th Aerospace Medicine Squadron exercise physiologist.
"Members should gradually work up to running three miles three times a week," Shults said. "I also suggest participating in another form of aerobic activity that is not weight bearing like rowing, cycling or swimming two times a week."
In addition to running, one should also practice pushups and sit-ups 90 days prior to the test date.
"Whenever you have the chance, practice your sit-ups," Perry said. "You can also try different variations of sit-ups such as rocky sit-ups where you touch your elbows to your knees alternating with each repetition or try some crunches. As for pushups, make sure you focus on form and break 90 degrees. You can do them at work or before going to bed. It's all about practice."
If the waist measurement is a concern, Perry advices making an appointment with the on-base registered dietician who can help with answering questions about weight loss and nutrition.
"If you really want to excel and score 90 or better you can," Perry said. "Only you can decide to put in the effort to achieve your fitness goals."
To make an appointment with the on-base dietician, Aaron Anderson, call him at (623) 856-3778.
There is also a six-week running program available for those who are scoring 45 points or less on their run. Participants who complete the program gain more than just faster run times; the last program demonstrated a 2:33 run time improvement, 15 pushups and 11 sit-ups more on average for the 15 participants. To sign up, the member's commander or unit fitness program manager should submit names to Shults at email@example.com.


text:
40 CFR 104.4 - Statement of basis and purpose.
Whenever the Administrator publishes a proposed effluent standard, the notice thereof published in the Federal Register shall include a statement of the basis and purpose of the standard or a summary thereof. This statement shall include:
(c) Scientific and technical data and studies supporting the proposed standard or references thereto if the materials are published or otherwise readily available; and
(d) Such other information as may be reasonably required to set forth fully the basis of the standard.
Where the notice of the proposed rulemaking summarizes the full statement of basis and purpose, or incorporates documents by reference, the documents thus summarized or incorporated by reference shall thereupon be made available by the Agency for inspection and copying by any interested person.
Title 40 published on 2014-07-01.
No entries appear in the Federal Register after this date, for 40 CFR Part 104.


text:
Box Text: Screen favorite Emilio Estevez (Stakeout,
Young Guns) stars in The Mighty Ducks, the hilarious comedy that made moviegoers
stand up and cheer! Tough trial lawyer Gordon Bombay (Estevez) never loses.
But when he's slapped with a community service assignment, he must coach
a ragtag team of pee wee hockey players who can't skate, can't score and
can't win! Reluctantly, Bombay takes on the assignment and soon realizes
that there are more important things than winning. Armed with this new
attitude, feathers fly as Bombay and The Ducks battle along to the toughest
game of their lives! Starring Estevez, Joshua Jackson. Written by Steven
Brill. Produced by Jon Avnet and Jordan Kerner. Directed by Stephen Herek.
Product Specifications:


text:
Salt Lake City Lodging
Radisson Hotel Salt Lake City Downtown
Radisson Hotel Salt Lake City Downtown
215 West South Temple
Salt Lake City, UT 84101
Best Available Rates for: Sep 05, 2015 - Sep 07, 2015 Change Dates
Business Class Room
Guest Room free BreakfastView Room Amenities & Nightly RatesSold Out
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Radisson Hotel Salt Lake City Downtown
Radisson Hotel
- Star Rating
Welcome to the recently renovated Radisson Salt Lake City Downtown! This hotel's friendly staff is dedicated to making your stay unforgettable, from the moment you leave your keys with valet parking to the moment you sink into one of the hotel's 381 plush hotel rooms or suites. Adjacent to the Salt Palace Convention Center, the Radisson is just a short walk from Salt Lake City's best attractions, including Capitol Theater, City Creek Shopping Center, Temple Square, Family History Library and Gateway Shopping Center. Arena TRAX light rail station is one block away for quick commutes to the airport, and complimentary Wi-Fi makes it easy to check in for your flight. Book online today to ensure your stay in Salt Lake City is unforgettable and enjoy this hotel's modern, stylish décor and classic comfort.
100% non-smoking facility
Amenities & Services
The Radisson Salt Lake City Downtown is a fantastic place to do business or relax. Stay active in the state-of-the-art fitness center, spend a quiet afternoon by the heated indoor pool and whirlpool tub or ask for help finding the best entertainment in town. Valet and self-parking are available on site, and high-speed, wireless Internet access is complimentary throughout the hotel.
Property Amenities
- Fitness center
- Common area hot tub (indoor)
- Pets allowed (fees may apply)
- Indoor pool
- Wheelchair accessible property
- Conference room(s)
- Business center
- On-site bar
- Room service
- Airport transportation (fees may apply)
- Audiovisual services available
- Baggage storage
- Bell service
- Banquet facilities
- Children allowed
- Common area steam room
- Cribs available (fees may apply)
- Doorman
- Dry cleaning / laundry services
- Elevator
- Express check-out
- Fax services available
- 24-hour front desk
- Gift shop
- Covered parking (fees may apply)
- Safe deposit box at front desk
- Security guard
- Ski storage
- 100% non-smoking
- Wake-up service
- Air-conditioned public areas
- Ballroom(s)
- Connecting/adjoining rooms available
- Oversized vehicle parking (fees may apply)
- Walk to shops and restaurants
- Complimentary wireless Internet
- On-site restaurant
In-Room Amenities
- Air conditioning
- Rooms with fireplace available
- Complimentary coffee
- Rooms with private hot tub available
- AM/FM alarm clock radio
- Cable or satellite TV
- Individual climate control
- Complimentary toiletries
- Complimentary daily housekeeping
- Down pillows
- High-speed Internet (complimentary)
- Hair dryer
- Iron and ironing board
- Rollaway beds available
- Shower/tub combination
- Smoke alarms in rooms
- In-room sprinkler system
- Flat-screen Television
- Voicemail
- Desk
- Mini-fridge
Dining and Attractions
Hungry for a quick snack or a leisurely meal? Head to the hotel's Copper Canyon Grill House & Tavern. Serving delicious meals at breakfast, lunch and dinner, the on-site restaurant specializes in signature salads and mouthwatering burgers. An inviting lounge area is perfect for an after-dinner drink, and room service is available for quiet nights in.
Location Description
Situated in the heart of downtown Salt Lake City, the Radisson hotel gives business travelers quick commutes to meetings in the modern event facilities on site and in the adjacent Salt Palace Convention Center. For vacationers, historic Temple Square is only a block away, and the Family History Museum is just two blocks away. Whether you're enjoying a tasty meal at Copper Canyon Grill House & Tavern before seeing a show at the Capitol Theater or taking the kids to see exotic creatures at Hogle Zoo, the Radisson makes your trip easier with convenient on-site parking and friendly concierge services. Book your spacious room or suite online today at one of the best hotels in Salt Lake City.
Radisson Hotel Salt Lake City Downtown
Cancellation Policy
If you find it necessary to cancel or change plans, please inform us by 6:00 PM the day prior to your arrival to avoid one night's room and tax charge to your credit card.
Deposit Policy


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VALEO Pro Lifting Series Competition Gloves
|Eligible for 20% Off Your Entire Purchase! (see promotion details)
|Eligible for Free Shipping, No Minimum! (see promotion details)
|Members of The League get 5% back when you spend $100! (see promotion details)
Product Details
Keep your hands in excellent shape so you can rock through your routine with these VALEO® Pro Lifting Series Competition gloves. Contoured padding on the palm offers cushioned comfort and provides an enhanced grip, while a wrist-cut, ergonomic design allows for superior dexterity.
Get your VALEO® lifting gloves today from Sports Authority.
- 60% leather, 30% polyester, 5% nylon. 5% cotton
- Durable, genuine goat-grain leather palm
- Wrist-cut, ergonomic design for excellent dexterity
- Padded palm for added comfort
- Stretch mesh and padded knuckles on the back of the hand
- Breathable mesh fingers for flexibility
- Extended fingertips for easy glove removal
- Integrated thumb sweat wipe
- Made in Pakistan
Product Recommendations
Product Reviews
Reviewed by 2 customers
Sort by
- Limited Use
Best Uses
- Body Building
Comments about VALEO Pro Lifting Series Competition Gloves:
I use this gloves on my home gym like 3 or 4 times a week. After 30 days I noticed the left one broke on the thumb side but it looks more like as a factory defect. They feel very soft to the skin and comfortable but wait until you got sweat to get your hands stain if you buy the black ones.
- Was this a gift?:
- No
- Comfortable
- Sturdy
- Bulky
Best Uses
Comments about VALEO Pro Lifting Series Competition Gloves:
This is a good, inexpensive pair of gloves. The padding on the palms takes some of the stress off while benching, or doing any type of weight lifting exercise that involves pushing against a bar. The padding is, however, a little thick, so for any type of pulling exercise (i.e. rowing) it might be better to go without the gloves, since the extra padding makes it harder to wrap your hand around the bar.
All in all, great pair of gloves. I always take them with me to the gym.
- Was this a gift?:
- No


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What Christ Did through Paul
We can take godly pride in serving the Lord successfully when we recognize that we have been only instruments in the Lord's hand, instruments of His work and not ultimately the workers ourselves. Because we are God's instruments, our goal ...Read More
Passing Judgment on Ourselves
Though we sometimes feel guilty for things that are not actually sins, we should always pay attention to the voice of our consciences when we experience guilt. When we feel guilt, we must endeavor to understand, according to God's Word, ...Read More
Protecting the Work of God
Christian freedom carries with it the heavy responsibility of never using our freedom in a way that harms tender consciences, and the duty never to impose our personal scruples regarding indifferent matters on others. Besides studying God's Word, one of ...Read More
Peace and Mutual Upbuilding
Paul's call for mutual peace and upbuilding is directed primarily to the strong Christians in Rome as an appeal for them to act in such a way that would benefit the immature. Still, its inclusion in a letter addressed to ...Read More
Preserving Christ's Sheep
Christians who choose not to exercise their liberty before immature believers need not do the same when they are not with immature believers. The weaker brother may not bind the conscience of the stronger believer, and as we will see, ...Read More
The Judgment of God in Christ
If we are in Christ Jesus by faith alone, the sin of judgmentalism will not keep us out of the kingdom. We will find ourselves repenting for this transgression, and the blood of our Savior will cover us where we ...Read More
Honoring the Lord
John Calvin says the weak in the Roman church "would have thought otherwise, had they possessed a certain and a clear knowledge of Christian liberty. But in abstaining from what they thought to be unlawful, they evidenced piety, as it ...Read More
Partaking and Abstaining
As fallen people, we are tempted to pass judgment all too quickly on others without first seeking to understand why they do what they do. As we will see, this is part of what was plaguing the Roman church, as ...Read More
Fulfilling the Law
Augustine of Hippo writes, "The rule of love is that one should wish his friend to have all the good things he wants to have himself and should not wish the evils to befall his friend which he wishes to ...Read More
Paying Our Taxes
God calls us to pay taxes, not to approve of everything our tax money pays for. In Paul's day, tax money was used to pay the salaries of soldiers and other officials who persecuted Christians and committed other evils. Nevertheless, ...Read More
DevotionalsDaily readings to encourage your heart and mind in the pursuit of God and his glory.
- All
- Angels and Demons
- Atonement
- Basic Reformed Theology
- Irresistible Grace
- Limited Atonement
- Perseverance of the Saints
- Total Depravity
- Unconditional Election
- The Church
- Church Discipline
- Church Leadership
- Creeds and Confessions
- God
- Holiness
- Sovereignty
- Heaven and Hell
- Heresies
- The Holy Spirit
- Jesus Christ
- Cross
- Incarnation
- Resurrection
- Justification
- Last Things
- Man and Sin
- Sacraments
- Salvation
- Faith
- Regeneration
- Scripture
- Systematic Theology
- Theological Views
- Roman Catholicism
- Music
- Apologetics
- False Teaching
- Atheism
- Christianity and Culture
- Creation
- Ethics
- Fiction and Literature
- Philosophy
- Science
- Bible Figures
- Bible Interpretation
- Bibles
- Books of the Bible
- Gospels
- Covenants
- General Reference Works
- Introduction to the Bible
- Jesus' Ministry
- Life of Jesus
- New Testament
- Old Testament
- Parables
- Prophecy
- Sermon on the Mount
- Ten Commandments
- The Lord's Prayer
- Controversies in the Church
- Arts
- Bible Translation
- Covenant Theology
- Creationism
- Education
- Inclusivism
- Law and Gospel
- Lordship Salvation
- Politics
- Sabbath
- Spiritual Gifts
- Stewardship of Creation
- Theonomy
- Women in Ministry
- Marriage and Family
- Divorce
- Parenting
- Practical Theology
- Discipleship
- Evangelism and Missions
- Grief and Death
- Pastoral Ministry
- Preaching
- Worship
- Spiritual Growth
- Anxiety and Worry
- Apostasy
- Assurance
- Conscience
- Depression
- Doubt
- Fellowship
- Godliness
- Guilt
- Humility
- Joy
- Knowing God's Will
- Legalism
- Love
- Money and Stewardship
- Oaths and Vows
- Prayer
- Pride
- Repentance and Forgiveness
- Sanctification and Growth
- Service
- Spiritual Fruit
- Suffering
- Thankfulness
- Vocation
- Ancient Church
- Biography
- Enlightenment and Modernism
- Historical Theology
- Reformation
- Twentieth Century


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PAYT Bulletin: Fall 2003
The PAYT Bulletin is designed to help solid waste planners and others get the latest pay-as-you-throw news and events. Use the links below to read articles from the Fall 2003 issueour last issue available in print. Check back in Spring 2004 to read our newly designed online-only Bulletin.
Other Issues
- EPA and PAYT Celebrate Years of Growth and Success
- Could PAYT Offer Hope For New York City's Recycling Program? (Winter 2003)
- PAYT Helps Cities
Protect Climate
(Summer 2002)
- Large Cities and
(Winter 2002)
- Bigger, Older, Wiser:
(Summer 2001)
- Maine Turns
to PAYT
(Spring 2001)
- State and City
(Summer 2000)
- PAYT From Sea
to Shining Sea
(Winter 2000)
- PAYT Bulletin Archives
- EPA and PAYT Celebrate Years of Growth and Success
- Online PAYT Materials-Plentiful and Practical!
- PAYT Picks Up Abroad
- Massachusetts Adds Newest PAYT Program
- Pay-As-You-Throw Goes ONLINE
EPA and PAYT Celebrate 10 Years of Growth and Success
The origins of pay-as-you-throw (PAYT) programs stretch back to the 1920s, a fact that may make a mere 10-year PAYT anniversary seem almost insignificant. Yet, in the 10 years that have lapsed since 1993the first year of EPAs involvement with PAYTthe popularity of rate-based systems for waste disposal has grown at the highest rate in its nearly 80-year history, and shows no signs of slowing down. Now, EPAs PAYT program is celebrating 10 years of increasing success. Since the beginning of EPAs involvement, PAYT has expanded rapidly from 1,800 communities in 1980 to more than 6,000 today, with more and more communities adopting PAYT every year.
In 1993, EPA acted on a vision to expand on the efforts of progressive communities throughout the country that had implemented rate-based models for waste disposal to encourage source reduction and increase recycling rates. Since then, in an effort to serve, inform, and encourage communities considering PAYT programs, EPA has provided an ever-increasing menu of resources, information, workshops, and technical assistance that has expanded PAYTs profile both nationally and internationally, and guided numerous communities to PAYT success.
With a decade of experience and results under its belt, EPAs
PAYT initiative is ready for the challenges of the next 10 years.
Foremost among these challenges is the implementation of PAYT in
Americas big cities.
Urban centers face several unique challenges compared to small- and medium-sized communities. Large cities feature a higher proportion of high-volume, multi-family housing with collective waste disposal systems, rendering it difficult to determine the amount of waste each household disposes of, a critical data point in PAYT implementation. Additionally, the health hazards posed by not collecting trash due to nonpayment in a high population density area tend to be a significant deterrent, as does the fear of illegal dumping.
|Year Introduced
|Los Angeles, CA
|San Jose, CA
|San Francisco, CA
|Seattle, WA
|Austin, TX
|Portland, OR
|Oklahoma City, OK
|Albuquerque, NM
|Oakland, CA
|Sacramento, CA
In fact, as PAYT has proven successful, both environmentally and financially, in cities of all sizes, more and more large cities are working vigorously to institute PAYT programs. Indeed, large cities now have a variety of PAYT role models to follow around the country.
With communities such as these showing that PAYT is viable in larger cities, PAYT is beginning to be viewed more as a solution to problems, rather than a solution with problems. In New York City, PAYT is being presented as a solution to the growing threat to the citys ambitious recycling program, which has already faced drastic service cutbacks as a result of the citys budget crisis.
The increasing success of PAYT within larger urban areas is also creating a new market for PAYT programs overseas. Nearly 80 percent of Europes population is concentrated in its cities, putting a premium on innovative waste reduction solutions, and PAYT has emerged as a leading solution. The increasing consolidation of the European Union (EU), which has placed an emphasis on social, economic, and technological progress, has led many EU countries, including Germany, Austria, Sweden, and the Netherlands, to begin implementation of PAYT programs, while others are working aggressively to develop their own programs. Remarkably, despite disparate languages and cultures, many of these countries have continued to rely on EPAs PAYT materials for assistance in the development and implementation of their programs.
As PAYT expands globally, it is also increasingly being recognized as a potential remedy to a global issue broader in scope than municipal waste disposalclimate change. Increasingly, municipalities are taking note that the initial objectives of PAYTincreasing recycling and source reductioncan also help to achieve compliance with the increasing number of national, state, and municipal greenhouse gas reduction goals. Although their primary goal is to increase recycling and encourage waste prevention, PAYT programs also help to reduce the greenhouse gases that are generated through the manufacture, distribution, use, and disposal of consumer products.
With PAYTs gathering momentum among large cities both nationally and internationally, and the increased role that PAYT may play in reducing global climate change, EPAs easy-to-use, self-directed PAYT tools stand ready to support the next 10 years of PAYT growth.
Online PAYT MaterialsPlentiful and Practical!
From Indonesia to Argentina, countries all over the world are beginning to experiment with various forms of PAYT and are utilizing the valuable and easy-to-follow resources offered by EPA. And how are they obtaining PAYT information? Online, of course! Thats why EPA has decided to focus on making all PAYT materials available in an online-only format, including the PAYT Bulletin, beginning in 2004. Hard copies of select tools and resources are still available free of charge for interested parties, however EPA will transition its material ordering process from its telephone hotline to the Web site. This comprehensive online transition will save energy, trees, and money, and make PAYT materials more accessible.
A Wealth of Resources
The vast array of online PAYT materials is designed to help guide municipalities through every step of a PAYT programplanning, implementing, enforcing, and evaluating. Whether your community is just beginning to consider a PAYT program for its solid waste management strategy, or needs guidance related to a specific issue of a well established PAYT program, EPAs easy-to-follow online materials provide you with the answers you need.
The PAYT Web site offers a variety of self-directed PAYT tools for communities of any size, including:
- Case studies
- Community contacts
- FAQs
- Handbooks
- Newspaper and magazine articles
- Notices of events
- Related links
- Videos
- Workbooks
PAYT Picks Up Abroad
In 2002, 11 different countries including Australia, China, Colombia, India, Philippines, and Spain, as well as 112 U.S. cities in 36 states, placed orders for a total of 2,889 PAYT informational products. You too can order PAYT materials for assistance with your communitys solid waste management program! Fill out the online form here.
PAYTs Proven Success
The valuable information included in EPAs PAYT materials have allowed thousands of U.S. communities to recognize the wide ranging benefits of implementing PAYT programs. San Jose, Californiathe nations 11th largest city with 925,000 residentsmore than doubled its recyclables and yard trimmings collected with its Recycle Plus Program. The programs success is reflected in a 90 percent satisfaction rate among the citys residents. Mount Vernon, Iowaone of the smallest cities to implement a PAYT program with 3,700 residentsdecreased its trash and yard waste collection by more than 50 percent, exceeding the waste reduction goal established by the state legislature. Mount Vernons program also produced a total savings in collection fees of $46,000 for the citys 980 households. The inherent environmental, economic, and social equity benefits associated with variable rate pricing make PAYT programs a logical and successful approach to addressing the numerous challenges of solid waste management.
Staying Connected, Staying Informed
In association with PAYTs online transition, it is important that you stay connected to EPAs PAYT support network. To ensure that you continue to receive the online version of the PAYT Bulletin and updates on new PAYT tools and resources, please send an email to email@example.com with your name, affiliation, mailing address, and email address. We will be sure to include you in our electronic address book. Youve come this fardont get left behind!
Massachusetts Adds Newest PAYT Program
The Commonwealth of Massachusetts boosted its already impressive
total of 102 PAYT programs to 103 on July 1, 2003, when the town
of Natick (population 30,000), implemented its program. Natick,
located 18 miles southwest of Boston, chose to use 30-gallon blue
bags, which are sold through local grocery stores.
While PAYT programs have become commonplace in the Bay State, Naticks conversion to PAYT has not been a smooth or uncontested one. According to the Boston Globe, the statewide group Mass Reform has mounted stiff opposition, fearing that the program is not financially beneficial and that the plan is likely to increase illegal dumping.
Should Natick have to defend its fledgling program, the town can find ample evidence of PAYT effectiveness in neighboring towns. Thirty miles south, Brockton, Massachusetts saved $2 million in waste disposal costs during its first year in 2001. Nearby Northborough, which launched its program in January, estimates a cost savings of $810,000 this year and has already increased its recycling rate from 19 percent to 34 percent, largely due to the kind of citizen support and understanding that Natick also hopes to generate.
In general, the residents have supported this, Northborough town engineer Fred Litchfield told the Globe. They have more control over how much they pay for trash. If you use five bags, you pay for five bags. If you recycle more and can fit your trash into four bags, you save money.
Want to see your PAYT program featured in the PAYT Bulletin? Send us your story! E-mail us at firstname.lastname@example.com, and see your name in lights.
Pay-As-You-Throw Goes ONLINE
To save trees, energy, and money, the PAYT Bulletin will be published ONLINE only, beginning in 2004.
If you would like to continue receiving the Bulletin in its online format, please send an email to email@example.com with your name, affiliation, address, and email address. We will include you in our electronic address book.


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Jill Biden
Charles Dharapak/Associated Press
News about Jill Biden, including commentary and archival articles published in The New York Times.
Chronology of Coverage
Apr. 12, 2014
Pres Obama and first lady Michelle Obama release their 2013 tax returns, showing sharp decrease in personal income since 2012; had paid total of $98,169, with 2013 adjusted gross income of $481,098; Vice Pres Joseph R Biden and his wife Jill also release 2013 tax returns, paying $96,378 in federal taxes with adjusted gross income of $407,009, effective rate of 23.7 percent. MORE
There are no additional abstracts to display.
Highlights From the Archives
Jill Biden Heads Toward Life in the Spotlight
Jill Tracy Jacobs Biden is preparing to join a select club of women who have been catapulted from relative privacy to the world stage.August 25, 2008 usNews
Bidens to Lead U.S. World Cup Delegation
The White House named a delegation to the championship soccer game in Vancouver, to be led by Dr. Jill Biden and her husband, Vice President Joseph R. Biden Jr.
July 2, 2015, Thursday
MORE ON JILL BIDEN AND: Biden, Jill Tracy Jacobs , Biden, Joseph R Jr , Vancouver (British Columbia) , Women's World Cup (Soccer)
Obama Delivers Eulogy for Beau Biden
For Vice President Joseph R. Biden Jr., who lost a daughter and his first wife decades ago, it was another day of grief as he buried a son in Delaware.
June 7, 2015, Sunday
MORE ON JILL BIDEN AND: Biden, Joseph R III , Biden, Joseph R Jr , Funerals and Memorials , Obama, Barack , Delaware
Beau Biden, Vice President Joe Biden's Son, Dies at 46
Joseph R. Biden III, the former Delaware attorney general who was known as Beau, had been planning to run for governor in 2016, but had been battling brain cancer.
May 31, 2015, Sunday
MORE ON JILL BIDEN AND: Deaths (Obituaries) , Biden, Joseph R Jr , Delaware , Biden, Joseph R III
Michael Schur on the 'Parks and Recreation' Series Finale
The sitcom's showrunner talks about that political cameo and whether or not Leslie made it to higher office.
February 25, 2015, Wednesday
MORE ON JILL BIDEN AND: Biden, Jill Tracy Jacobs , Biden, Joseph R Jr , Poehler, Amy , Pratt, Chris , Schur, Michael , Scott, Adam (1973- ) , Television
Biden's Son to Be Released From Houston Hospital
Beau Biden, the son of Vice President Joseph R. Biden Jr., is scheduled to be released from a Houston hospital on Thursday after undergoing unspecified tests, according to a statement from the vice president's office.
August 21, 2013, Wednesday
MORE ON JILL BIDEN AND: Biden, Beau , Biden, Joseph R Jr , Delaware
Biden Invites Shanksville Firefighters to the White House for a Beer
Vice President Joseph R. Biden Jr. stopped by the Shanksville Volunteer Fire Department after his speech marking the anniversary of Sept. 11, 2001.
September 11, 2012, Tuesday
MORE ON JILL BIDEN AND: Biden, Joseph R Jr , Shanksville (PA) , September 11 (2001)
Obamas' Tax Return Shows Lower Household Income Than in 2009
The president and his wife donated $245,075 — 14.2 percent of their pretax income — to 36 charities and paid $453,770 in federal taxes.
April 19, 2011, Tuesday
MORE ON JILL BIDEN AND: Income Tax , Obama, Barack , Obama, Michelle , Biden, Joseph R Jr , Biden, Jill Tracy Jacobs
Obama Tax Return Shows Income Down
Income for the Obama household continued to slip in 2010, tax returns show, as proceeds from President Obama's best-selling books tapered off.
April 18, 2011, Monday
MORE ON JILL BIDEN AND: News , Biden, Joseph R Jr , Obama, Barack , Federal Taxes (US)
Jill Biden Says Community Colleges Are a Key U.S. Export
As she wrapped up a visit to Europe on Tuesday, the wife of Vice President Joseph R. Biden Jr. said that the higher-education could become a tool to help economic recovery in the United States.
July 8, 2009, Wednesday
'Family Friendly' White House Is Less So for Aides
For White House aides, the demands of working for the president have made work-family balance elusive.
July 4, 2009, Saturday
MORE ON JILL BIDEN AND: Parenting , Biden, Joseph R Jr , Moran, Ellen , Obama, Michelle , Workplace Environment , White House (Washington, DC) , Families and Family Life , Obama, Barack , Emanuel, Rahm , Romer, Christina D , Orszag, Peter R , Gibbs, Robert L , DeParle, Nancy-Ann Min , Hogan, Cynthia
Rss Feeds On Jill Biden
Subscribe to an RSS feed on this topic. What is RSS?


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Clean, Elegant and Responsive
Having hands on experience in developing innovative designs, I do offer design solutions which harness the new possibilities of web based communication, internet presence and current technology trends.
My design skills cover investigating client requirements, identifying best user practices in emerging market environments, conceptualization and development of web page designs, user interfaces (UI) designs, and other custom built design solutions as per the business domain.
Theme Support
You can email to firstname.lastname@example.com for quick support.
Organized Press – WordPress Blog & Magazine Theme
OrganizedPress is a Premium WordPress Theme for Blog, News and Magazine Websites. It has a clean design and it comes loaded with lots of features to help you take your website to the next level.
Easy & Extensive Theme Options — OrganizedPress theme has very easy and comprehensive set of theme options that will help you configure and modify the things around your site more easily.
Responsive Layout — OrganizedPress theme has responsive layout. So, it looks awesome on big screens as well as on smart phones and tablets.
Search Engine Optimized — OrganizedPress theme is fully hand coded and its HTML is written keeping in mind your sites good ranking on search engines. The theme has good use of h1,h2,h3 tags. The primary contents are above the secondary contents in markup. Various widgets in sidebar provide very good internal site linking.
Real Homes – Real Estate Theme
Here we come with Clean and Minimal Real Estate theme with lots of options and pages.
Here is wordpress version of Real Homes


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Dicewords Word Game
If you like word games, you'll love DICEWORDS.
DICEWORDS - The word game in your pocket!
An extremely fun game that is all about seeing potential words within a jumble of letters. Easy to learn and fun to play. Instruction manual included. Recommended for ages 8 and up.
Dimensions: 9.44" L x 3.94" W x 1.38" H
Weight: 0.2 lbs.
Dicewords Word Game
Shopping Cart


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Classic Layer Cake and 12-pc Snowflake Truffles with Snacks
A delectable combination of cake, chocolates and snacks for the Holidays! This wonderful gift includes the layer cake of your choice (select below) plus our 12-pc Snowflake Truffles, a Happy Holidays Belgian chocolate medallion, and 4 delicious snacks - Harvest Snack Mix, Chocolate Covered Strawberry Bites, Cashews and Yogurt Covered Pretzels. Includes a Seasons Greetings card that you can personlize and arrives in elegant gift packaging.
IMPORTANT: Gourmet Gifts are perishable and are processed for on-time delivery to ensure your gift arrives fresh and delicious. Orders placed after 4:50PM ET Monday through Friday will be processed the following business day. Saturday deliveries available for $5.00 additional on Advanced Orders, $15.00 Additional on Saturday Orders requiring Priority Overnight Service. Deliveries to Alaska & Hawaii are an additional $25.00. Bake Me A Wish! cannot be held responsible for incorrect or omitted information. Any exception received, due to missing or bad information, immediately nullifies guaranteed delivery. Apartment numbers and suites for residential and business deliveries must be included for on-time delivery. Your gift will not be delivered on time without this information!
*Allergy Information: Unless otherwise noted, products contain milk, wheat, soy and egg ingredients, and were produced on equipment that processes peanuts, almonds, hazelnuts, pecans, walnuts. Our facility is not Gluten Free.
5% of your order will be used to assist our effort in sending gourmet occasion cakes to soldier's overseas. If you have a soldier's birthday approaching, click here to send a cake to an APO/FPO address.