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I have always wanted an inexpensive way to take unobserved pictures of wildlife in my neighborhood. This instructable takes parts of two existing instructables and brings them together with added features to create a cheap motion detection wildlife camera.
This project uses a re-purposed PIR sensor module from an air freshener to provide motion detection, an inexpensive key chain camera to capture images, and a TI msp430 microprocessor to provide the necessary brains. The microprocessor comes with TI's $4.30 Launchpad experimenter kit.
Step 1: Parts and Tools
1. Re-purposed PIR sensor module from an Air Wick Freshmatic Compact i-Motion
Air Freshener. See the links below.
2. Key chain Vivitar Mini digital camera (available at CVS or Walgreen's)
3. Project box from Radio Shack (270-1803) size 5" x 2.5" x 2"
4. MSP430G2211 microprocessor (part of TI Launchpad experimenters kit)
5. Proto board from Radio shack (276-148) size 1.5" x 1.75"
6. 2 - 4.7k resistors
7. 3 - 0.01 uF capacitors
8. 1 - 1.0 uF Ta capacitor
9. 1- 14 pin DIP IC socket
9. 2 - general purpose NPN transistors (example: 2n2222 or 2n3904)
10. Single AA battery holder salvaged from air freshener
11. Single throw Single pole mini slide switch salvaged from air freshener
12. AA battery salvaged from air freshener
13. Hook up wire
14. Optional - Stained Glass Copper Foiling Tape (available at Hobby Lobby or other
stores that deal with Stained Glass supplies)
1. Solder gun and solder
2. Wire cutters
3. Needle nosed pliers
4. Drill and drill points (I prefer brad points for cutting plastic project boxes.)
5. hand or powered jig saw
6. Hot glue gun and hot glue
Important Links:
PIR Module
TI Launchpad
Craftman Drill
Hi everyone,
One could also use Kerberos.io, it runs on the Raspberry Pi and it's also open source.
Hi everyone there!
We Gill Instruments Pvt. Ltd. have a requirement for an engineer with a strong expertise and hands on experience in the field of MSP430. Candidates who are willing to relocate in Bangalore can send us their CV on - email@example.com.
Thanks for your reply, error message number 2 persisted till then, but now OK.
I have another problem now, of my own making - I have ripped off the right-side bit of copper trace from the camera circuit board, the one to which the shutter switch was attached. Is there an alternate spot in the circuitry at which I could solder the emitter pin of the transistor to get the unit to function? Or is it now hopeless?!
Many thanks for a reply.
I am trying it out but have been having some difficulty with uploading the code onto the chip, which in my case in an MSP430G2553. The compilers (I've tried with both the IAR and CCSv5 compilers) throw up three "error" messages and I am unable to fix these and proceed further for lack of programming knowledge.
The details are as follows:
Error 1. For the line marked in bold below, the message says "../main.c", line 148: error #29: expected an expression
Error 2. Also for the same line, and the message says "../main.c", line 148: error #20: identifier "j" is undefined
(I managed to 'lose' the second error message by inserting a line that said "unsigned int j = 1"/0 near the beginning of your code, but without really knowing what I was doing.)
void chg_mode_to_compressed(void)
// set mode to compressed high resolution
// turn off p1 interrupt
P1IE &= ~BIT3; // Disable p1 interrupt for p1.3
P1IFG = 0; // reset all p1 interrupts
// push mode switch 8 times
for (int j=1;j<=8;j++)
Error 3. This has something to do with the timer as the message reads "../main.c", line 199: error #20: identifier "TIMERA0_VECTOR" is undefined
I looked up for help on this and changed the lines from
// Timer A0 interrupt service routine
#pragma vector=TIMERA0_VECTOR
__interrupt void Timer_A0 (void)
// Timer A0 interrupt service routine
#pragma vector=TIMER0_A0_VECTOR
__interrupt void Timer0_A0 (void)
This seemed to have worked with the compiler but I am not sure if I have chosen the right timer for the job. Please help and let me know what I did wrong.
It looks like that you found the solutions to your problems. The reasons for the differences in code when moving from the MSP430G2211 to the nicer MSP430G2553 microprocessor is that the MSP430G2553 has two timers instead of the single timer in the 2211.
The include line (#include msp430.h) at the beginning of the code, calls a file based on the microprocessor used. This file defines all of the interrupt vectors for the specific microprocessor.
The file for the 2211 (with a single timer) uses TIMERA0_VECTOR to define the timer. The file for the 2553 (two timers) uses TIMER0_A0_VECTOR and TIMER1_A0_VECTOR.
Note: There are other timer related interrupt vectors, but that would only add confusion to this
Luckly, the pin functionality used by this project is the same between the two processors.
The other error involving the for loop (for (int j = 1; j <= 8; j++)), I have seen before. Some compilers will accept declaring the loop variable in the for statement and some compilers will not. The version of IAR workbench that I originally used did accept this form. Apparently Code Composer 5 doesn't. You mentioned getting the error using IAR, I can only guess that they changed to be compatible with CC5.
The solution is as you discovered, is to declare j before the for loop:
From: for (int j = 1; j <= 8; j++)
To int j;
for (j=1; j<=8; j++)
It is interesting that CC5 recommends that the loop count down instead of up. In that case,
you could use;
int j;
for (j=8; j>=0; j--)
If your DSLR has a method of processing an external electronic shutter trip, you could modify the project to provide that signal based on activation of the PIR module. You would to need to know the specifications of the specific camera.
I would search for a project that more closely matched your needs.
The scented oil product was designed to work on 120VAC. The circuit is extremely different from the air freshener used originally in this project.
Your best options are either use the original product (~$8), or use an inexpensive Chinese PIR module from eBay (search eBay with: "PIR module", ~$2 with free shipping), or use a Parallex PIR sensor module from Radio Shack (Cat# 276-135, ~$11). PIR sensor prices have dropped since this project was published, and the modules are easy to use.
All of these sensor options use 3 connections to hookup: Vcc, Gnd, and Sensor Output (marked PIR on circuit diagram).
If you use the original camera, the microprocessor program should work for all of the above options without modification.
My costs were very low because I was reusing parts from other projects, had the project box already, and bought the camera on sale ($5).
If you can't find the air freshener unit, Chinese built PIR sensor modules are now selling on eBay for $2. They can be substituted without much hassle. Also, keep your eye out for older digital cameras that can often be picked up at garage sales or thrift shops for a few dollars. These older cameras offer higher resolution and better images storage. You do have to figure out how to interface them, but that is often fairly simple and fun.
The Vivatar camera used in this project was very easy to re-purpose. I later played around with an Aries key chain camera for another project. The Aries camera was similar in functions and look, but the internals had been engineered to lower cost. It was much harder to interface the power and shutter.
Using an alternate project enclosure is another area that could be used to cut costs.
I used the MSP430G2211 because it came as part of the TI Launchpad board. They send you the board which has a built in programmer and two MSP430 micros for $4.30. Since this Instructible was written, TI has upgraded the two microprocessors included with the Launchpad to one each of the MSP430G2553 and MSP430G2452. If this class of micros meets your needs, it is a heck of a deal.
Your idea of solar powered yard lights is interesting. These lights actually work by recharging a single rechargeable battery and using a joule thief type circuit to boost the voltage high enough to light the LEDs that provide the light. The internal battery used in these lights are generally pretty crappy and have very low mah ratings (usually less than 600 mah).
The Vivitar camera used in the project has a boost power regulator, so the joule thief part of the circuit of the yard light should not be used.
A issue with rechargeable NiMH batteries is that internal resistances cause them to discharge if not used. Older technology batteries would discharge in a matter of days if not recharged. Newer technology batteries are much better. This means that you could possibly replace the original yard lamp batteries, strip out the joule circuit, and only use the solar cell part. I would use a high mah new technology NiMH battery in the camera with the solar cell portions of the yard lights connect via an external plug. I would also use multiple modified yard lights in parallel (most likely at least 4) to provide a higher current for recharging. You do not need a blocking diode, if setup this way.
It is an interesting idea, thanks for sharing.
i think i totally messed mine up and i just wanted to see what i did wrong.
The best picture I have is the one I added to step 6. The most likely way to mess up this board is if you have the wrong perspective of the IC socket. Remember the IC socket is on the opposite side of the board from the copper wiring. The pins are labeled as if you were looking through the copper side of the board. You can't see the IC socket when you are looking at the copper side of the board.
Here are some checks that you can make with an ohm meter. Refer to the primary image on step 6.
1. Place circuit board on a table with the microcontroller facing up.
2. Remove the microcontroller and put it aside.
3. Set your meter to 100k ohm scale.
4. Place the positive (red) lead in the IC socket at pin 1.
5. Place the negative (black) lead in the IC socket pin 2. The reading
should be max scale.
6. Repeat by moving the black lead to pins 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11 ,12 ,13 ,14.
All of these piins should also read max scale with the red lead in pin 1.
7. With the red lead still on pin 1, place the black lead on pin 5. The reading
should be about 47K ohms.
8. Repeat by moving the black lead to pin 10. It should also read 47K ohms.
9. Place the red lead on pin 5 and the black lead on the wire marked PIR in
the picture. The meter should show a short or about 0 ohms.
10. Place the red lead on pin 6 and the black lead on the wire marked
Shutter in the picture. The meter should show a short or about 0 ohms.
11. Place the red lead on pin 7 and the black lead on the wire marked
Mode in the picture. The meter should show a short or about 0 ohms.
12. Place the red lead on the pin 14, now touch the black lead to each lead
of each capacitor, one side of the capacitor at a time. Each capacitor
should have a zero ohm side and a max scale side.
If you pass these tests, your board is most likely ok.
Were you able to program the msp430 without any problems?
Hope this helps you.
When soldering the non-insulated wire, I solder at the corners of a straight run and where component leads or jumpers touch the run. It helps to use a pair of pliers or a soldering heat sink clip between a previous soldered joint and the one I'm working to prevent the first solder joint from coming undone.
On this particular project, I was experimenting with copper foil glazing tape that is used by stained glass hobbyists. You can get a lifetime supply for about $6 at hobby shops. I cut the tape I had lengthwise in half to make the runs. I use this tape for various odd connections in some of my projects. It can come in handy.
The tape worked and I think it looked neater. I have now moved on to making my own PC boards using the toner transfer method.
Port 1 interrupts on the MSP430G microprocessors are set only on transitions, not static levels. P1IES is the Port 1 interrupt edge select register. So I believe the only 2 portions of the code that would need to be changed is:
Portion #1
// turn on p1 interrupts
P1IE |= BIT3; // Enable p1 interrupt for p1.3
P1IES |= BIT3; // Interrupt edge select, high-low (falling edge)
P1IFG = 0; // clear p1 interrrupts
// turn on p1 interrupts
P1IE |= BIT3; // Enable p1 interrupt for p1.3
P1IES &= ~BIT3; // Interrupt edge select, low-high (rising edge)
P1IFG = 0; // clear p1 interrrupts
Portion #2
// if band time is reached and p1.3 still 0
else if ((band_flg == 1) & ((P1IN & BIT3) == 0))
// if band time is reached and p1.3 still 1
else if ((band_flg == 1) & ((P1IN & BIT3) == 1)
I haven't actually tried these changes, but I feel confident that is all it will take.
Let me know if you run into any issues.
But for future reference, the Radio Shack PIR module produces enough pulses that it works with your original code despite outputting a low-high detection transition.
The one thing I had to do to make it work was add an NPN transistor between the PIR and pin 5 of the microprocessor as a switch. Base to PIR output, emitter to ground and collector (pulled up to Vcc with the 47 k resistor) to pin 5. That's because the output level was about 70% of Vcc, which doesn't seem to be enough to trigger the microprocessor. With the switch added, the system seems to be working fine.
The Radio Shack PIR module is made by Parallax. Parallax has updated the sensor to a Revision "B" which extends the Vcc range to 3.3 - 5 V among other improvements.
I am curioius, Is your sensor a Revision "A" or "B"? There should be small text on the side with the lens that says "REV A" or "REV B".
The use of a NPN inverter between the module and the MSP430 would invert the logic of the module so that the MSP430 would see a "high to low" transistion on a PIR trip. So the original code should work without issue.
Did you try using either an external or the internal pull up resistor in the MSP430 on pin 5, instead of the transistor? The logic would then be "low to high".
To turn on the internal pull up resistor on pin 5 (p1.3) you would change
P2DIR |= BIT6 + BIT7; // all p2 pins output
P1OUT &= ~(BIT4) + ~(BIT5); // p1.4 and p1.5 output low
P2OUT |= BIT6 + BIT7; // all p2 pins high
P2DIR |= BIT6 + BIT7; // all p2 pins output
P1OUT &= ~(BIT4) + ~(BIT5); // p1.4 and p1.5 output low
P1REN |= BIT3; // enable internal pullup/pulldown resistor on p1.3
P1OUT |= BIT3; // internal resistor on p1.3 set to pullup
P2OUT |= BIT6 + BIT7; // all p2 pins high
To use an external pullup resistor, you would just have a 47k resistor from Vcc to the PIR output. The PIR output would also be connected to pin 5 of the MSP430.
All that aside, I am glad you got it working. I am sure others will be using your instructions to make the camera with the Radio Shack / Parallax PIR sensor. It is a nice sensor.
I really appreciate you sharing your findings.
Any inversion from the transistor is irrelevant. The PIR module puts out a high level pulse when motion is detected, which returns after a period of several seconds, so for each detection, you get both a rising and falling edge. The falling edge is delayed by the length of the pulse, which for my purposes doesn't matter. So it should work no matter which polarity of pulse edge you set up the MSP430 for. I just couldn't get the low-high transition setup to work at all - not sure why.
The purpose of the transistor switch wasn't to invert the signal, but to bring the high level output of the PIR closer to Vcc. Even with the 47k pullup resistor (external only - I'm aware of the internal pullup option but didn't try it) it only went up to around 1.8 volts when directly connected, which wouldn't trigger the MSP430. The transistor brought the high level up to close to Vcc, and allowed the MSP430 to trigger properly.
So in any case, the code works with the Parallax PIR, provided the extra transistor switch is inserted between the PIR output and the MSP430 input. Further work might result in a simpler solution, but I'm out of time and it's working ...
The download link for the code seem to be broken.
It only allow you to download a .tmp file. I don't know for what it's useful. It appear in the link too.
Can you verify the download link?
Thanks (your project interest me).
You are the second person who indicated that they had issues downloading the code. I decided to investigate a little farther. I bet you are using Firefox as your browser.
Since the file has a .c extension, Foxfire opens a window titled "Opening F8UY5....YYY.tmp" and asks "What should Firefox do with this file?". You should click on the the "Browse..." button and select Notepad (Window) or gedit (Linux). Hit the OK button once or twice, then save the file with the name that you desire.
I will add a .zip version of the file to prevent confusion in the future.
I appreciate your comment. It will help others.
I searched back through my project photos and found a picture of a partially completed bread board. I added it to the secondary images on step 6. It should give you a general idea of how I did it.
I hope it helps.
I just wanted to thank you for this "ible" and for introducing me to the Texas Instruments MSP430-series micro controller at $4.30/shipped each! Who knew a fun and versital little controller could be bought so cheap so I bought several! I am well on my way to collecting all items necessary to complete the motion camera. I also wanted to tell you and audience that I found a cheaper source for the PIR on Ebay if you can wait for it to be shipped from China. It's from seller "hi-etech" and is less than $5 (or offer) called "Pyroelectric Infrared PIR Motion Sensor Detector Module". If you want a PIR with LED lights that can be used at night, there is another ebay source item called the "Infrared PIR Sensor 6-LED Light Lamp Motion Detector" for cost of $4.15/shipped from seller "700store", also from China. Use as is or swap out the LEDs for 850n infrared LED so you don't startle the critters! With the PIR detector mocule you don't hack anything to obtain it. (it's not just the PIR but the whole module!) The other one just needs disassembly. With either one you just give it power and tie the output lead into your "ible"! With your camera sourced at $10, the micro controller at $4.30, and the PIR sourced under $5, that comes to $19.30 which leaves plenty of wiggle room for purchase of project box, breadboard, transistors, etc. One other thing. If you spend just $3.88 over the recommended camera, you save 2/3rds the space making it possible to use a project box 1/2 the recommended size. The cheapest miniature "spy" cameras can be had on Ebay, again from China, for $6.98/shipped plus Sandisk 2gb memory card for $6.88/shipped. Note: by changing to different camera, you may need to modify the source code for the MSP430 and if you do, please post it? Happy snipe hunting!
I actually have a type 808 key-chain spy camera (see FAQ on last step). It is a lot of fun. I am still looking for a project to best utilize its small size and video capabilities.
If you are looking at these cameras I strongly suggest that you look at this site. http://www.chucklohr.com/808/C8/index.html
It turns out that they come in many flavors, with some being better than others.
Also be sure not to leave it on charge for a long time. The camera has no provision to keep from overcharging and damaging the battery.
I also think that the MSP430 launchpad is a great deal.
Thank you for the good info and the kind words.
I finally got around to checking the menu on both cameras. They both take the same number of button presses to get to the high resolution/compressed mode that the wildlife camera uses.
One differences is the code that you see in the mode LCD located on the front of the camera. For the Vivitar, the mode code is CP, which gives you 60 images at 352x288 compressed. For the Aries, it is Hd, which gives you 76 images at 640x480 compressed.
Bottom line is that you should not have to change the program.
In addition to the Vivitar camera that I used in the Instructible, I believe that the newer Aries 3-in-1 camera (without preview screen) being sold by Walgreens will also work without any changes to the instructible. I haven't actually tried it, but the instructions and features appear to be the same. The original Vivitar camera is available at CVS and some Walgreens.
The advantages of the Aries is that the resolution is a little higher (640x480). It also has a slighly faster shutter and can take 25 hi res- no compression pictures instead of only 20. The cost is the same.
There are some differences in color balance and sharpness. Below are pictures of the same objects taken at night under CFL lights on my kitchen table. The pictures were taken hand held (no tripod). The first one (bluer one) is from the Aries and is 640x480. The second one (greener) is from the Vivitar and is (352x288). When I look at the mat and objects under CFL lights the mat is closer to the green. During the day under daylight, the mat looks more like the blue. Both images were uploaded uncompressed, I don't know what Instructibles does to the images.
I would use the Aries if I was doing it again due to the higher resolution.


text:
New Source Review
August 12, 2015 – EPA removes vacated elements of GHG Tailoring Rule
Congress established the New Source Review (NSR) permitting program as part of the 1977 Clean Air Act Amendments. NSR is a preconstruction permitting program that serves two important purposes.
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subset: commoncrawl


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From Belichick's Q&A with the media in London:
Question: How does this year compare to a few years ago?
Answer: I don't know, just got here. It's London. A little overcast, some traffic – it's like everybody is up and at it this morning.
Question: How much of a disruption is it playing a game in London?
Answer: We played in Seattle a couple weeks ago We've played here, we've traveled before.
Question: The NBA has done a great job translating itself internationally. Do you think football translates as well? Can you see it reaching that level?
Answer: I have no idea.
Question: There have been some issues with racism in English soccer. Can you describe how that's changed the NFL?
Answer: I don't know what you're talking about.


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Francisco Torres2, Mauricio Moraga1 and Juan Rios2
1Program of Human Genetics, ICBM, School of Medicine, University of Chile
2Central Laboratory of Criminalistics, Policia de Investigaciones of Chile.
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Implements and enforces the Tree Preservation Article of the Land Disturbance Act. Implements and enforces the landscaping requirements of the local zoning regulations. Reviews landscaping and tree preservation plans; reviews commercial site development plans; processes land disturbance permits; inspects sites to determine compliance with City requirements. Prepares landscaping plans; performs on-site evaluations; provides design assistance relating to public improvement projects. Sets and maintains high standards of quality.


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Currently reading "The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich: A History of Nazi Germany". Huge World War II History nut - love reading about Ike's boys, the Band of Brothers, etc.
This one is really well written; lots of details. Still working on Chapter 2 but I love it already. Gives a very interesting perspective into the mind of Adolf Hitler and some of the Nazi Party leaders from the vantage point of someone who lived and worked in the German High Command.


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Dyna-Glo Smart Space Living 30,000 BTU 2 Burner LP Gas Grill
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· 2 stainless steel P-shaped burners
· 2 heat tents
· Warming rack
· Double wall lid assembly to retain heat
· Cast aluminum end caps adding stability
· Temperature gauge
· Electronic ignition
· Side shelves
· Side utility hooks
· 2 locking and 2 non-locking wheel casters
· Premium grill cover included
This small space smart living barbeque gas grill offers quality and performance with its 30,000 total BTU's and 547 square inches of total cooking space. Its features include 2 cast-iron cooking grates, 2 stainless steel P-shaped burners which are protected by 2 steel enameled heat tents which add flavor to the cooking process as juices vaporize; creating that great BBQ taste. The lid assembly is a double-wall liner to retain heat and has cast aluminum end caps that adds stability, included is a temperature gauge with a décor ring. On the control panel, a dial for each burner and an easy push button electronic ignition for start-up. The side shelves offer space for preparation, side utility hooks for grilling tools, and they drop down easily when the grill is not in use. Inside the cabinet, an open slot for the propane (LP) tank. In addition, there are 2 locking and 2 non-locking heavy duty wheel casters. A premium grill cover is included.
- 30,000 BTU's
- 547 square inches of total cooking space
- 2 stainless steel P-shaped burners, 2 heat tents, warming rack
- Double wall lid assembly to retain heat and cast aluminum end caps adding stability
- Temperature gauge, electronic ignition, side shelves and side utility hooks
- 2 locking and 2 non-locking wheel casters
- Premium grill cover included
- Related cover (sold separately): item #368402
Assembled Country
Assembled Size
45.83"L x 23.03"D x 45.43"H
Weight: 81.40 lbs.
Component Country


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Continue reading The Most Accurate Business Listings come from… Foursquare?


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- Bashayer Hammad
- Wad-Medani
- Sudan
This conversation is closed.
Human rights and philosophy should be taught in school!
As a member of the Sudanese community, where human rights are constantly violated and where people, mostly the younger generations, do not tend to engage in critical issues affecting the whole nation, I believe that Education should be changed and transformed into teaching the students how to think philosophically and lay the foundation for that since nursery school, rather than indoctrinating them with ideologies and beliefs that would just dull their minds and make them incapable of questioning things, and taking initiative to find solutions to problems.
Many people here are very unaware of their rights, know nothing about vital issues like economics, for example, and completely oblivious to what's written in the Constitution.
Feb 28 2013: I totally agree with you. Especially concerning human rights.
When I was in school, I had a class called "Civil sciense". During this class we were exploring the law of our country. We also touched some part of human rights, but only the surface of it.
I believe it's critical to know your rights. Knowing is the first step for changes.Feb 26 2013: Education is more than subjects been taught in school:human rights we not only should be taught in school but aso spread around our society.the same philosophy:taught in school as well as we have philosophical consciouness to solve things in the world.Feb 19 2013: But even philosophy and education is a form of indoctrination. I'm not so comfortable with the talk about human rights that does not go hand in hand with responsibilities.
Violation of human rights should not be condoned by any nation. It is not easy not to be a coward in nations ruled by dictatorial and intolerant governments, but there is only one risky solution: the rejection of oppression by citizens in every sphere of the society. I assume that oppressive governments would be reluctant to permit the teaching of human rights in schools. This is a clarion call to Pro-democracy organisations and the media.
In apartheid South Africa, school children joined the call for an end to apartheid, and a lot of them died for the cause (June 16, 1976 comes to mind)
In the end, we have to choose between two not-so-attractive alternatives:
1. Remain curled up like a sick cat and think that help will come without effort.
2. We face our fears with courage, and stand up for our rights.
Feb 21 2013: How beautiful! x
Ben Jarvis
Feb 25 2013: i agree with your point about responsibilities. so many people these days are so wrapped up in their rights and freedoms without considering the fact that we can't do as we please because we live in a society of many and are likely to impinge on the rights and freedom of others.
- +3
some examples are the right to live a vegan lifestyle vs the right of a child to be properly nourished (a terrible story about a baby who died because of their parents' vegan beliefs last year), the right to pursue religion vs the right to be free from it, and the right to give out medical advice vs the right to be protected from false facts.Mar 4 2013: Do you also mean teaching them how to think critically and question the information which they are presented? I don't know much about Sudan but it sounds like your people are in dire need of education. My first step would be to build a network to help promote the idea that education is important. A series of lessons on the development of the idea of human right might be somewhat effective. It's what we do here in the US and it instills the idea that human rights are things that had to be fought for and won from those in power and is not just an inherent ambiguous "thing" that just supposedly exists somewhere because some people they don't know somewhere they don't know said so. Explain that these don't just come about but are achieved and maintained through the actions of people. What can be lost seems to a person to be much more important than something that is simply inherent and immutable.
Mar 5 2013: Sure, sure, That's why I brought up the idea of teaching "philosophy" in the first place, because It entails exposing the students to critical thinking, and teaches them how to think for themselves rather than passively following the outcome of group think, we are on the same page.
"Explain that these don't just come about but are achieved and maintained through the actions of people." Exactly ! They are not necessarily inherent, we should work together to make them a solid constituent of our communities.Feb 28 2013: As a junior in high school and a leader of my school's gay-straight alliance, this couldn't be more relevant or important. I just want to thank everyone for having this conversation, it really will help move society forward.
Mar 5 2013: Thank YOU for participating :) Your view really counts :)Feb 28 2013: I agree with you 100%. Teaching human rights and philosophy is very important to improve as an evolving democratic society. Philosophy is a tool that encourage critical thinking and although human rights is not perfect, without a dogmatic environment it can evolve and keep providing us an updated ethical code as we grow.Feb 21 2013: Maybe we should stop teaching ourselves and others what to believe and observe things as they really are.
Mar 5 2013: I agree with you on the fact that we shouldn't impose our beliefs on others, and that we should give the students room to conclude what human rights are instead of us dictating them what they are.
That would really engage their minds and connect them to the issue more deeply, our role should only be preparing a venue for them to express their thoughts,
Jeff Nikaido
Feb 19 2013: Hello all!
- +2
I have enjoyed reading all of your thoughts and ideas.
I recently attended a "Day of Remembrance" event - forum to remember and discuss the American Internment of the Japanese during WWII. Luckily, 5 Japanese Americans that were interned spoke as part of a panel discussion. Several of them spoke about the excellent education that they received while in the camps, and one went into detail about the discussion forums that were held in one class. He vividly recounted 2 discussions, one about the Constitutionality of Internment and the Morality of Stealing - many of the internees "borrowed" lumber from the general area to make furniture for the barracks they lived in - chairs, tables, dressers, etc. Moral/ethical debates are the foundation to greater understanding and learning since they can be applied to topics that directly effect students.
In one of the classes that I took in High School (10th Grade) we had weekly debates where a topic would be presented and students would sit on sides of the classroom to reflect their opinions. Then students were able to debate their stances, and students were also able to "switch" sides at anytime.
Definitely some great ideas out there to mold and shape the leaders of tomorrow!!
Feb 22 2013: I'm glad to hear that panel was happening. I feel like Japanese internment is way underplayed in American high school history curricula, as are other moments that it's easier to gloss over than to truly grant a mea culpa. Teaching human rights in school is tough, because EVERY country has things in its past that would look a little hypocritical in that light -- but of course that's exactly why it's important.Feb 16 2013: If by philosophy you mean something like the Socratc method and teaching how to ask questions and think critically then by all means a firm yes, It can be taught at many levels appropriate to the age. Simply getting people to understand how much is asserted without evidence and how much is just arbitray cultural baggage would go a long ways. We also need to instill in the young a skeptical mindset, especially when it comes to accepting things on authority. Compassion and human rights should also be taught as worthwhile human attributes. Examining the great ideas which many philosophers, and scientists, wrestled with, while encouraging students to voice their own thoughts, should be part of the curriculum in any country.
Comment deleted
Feb 16 2013: Yea, teaching young students the history of the world in a political context along with teaching them human rights and philosophy will make them fully prepared to be future leaders :)
I also think that teaching students about the different types of governments and the various political ideologies existent is really essential; today's generation know nothing about these things.
I like the idea :)Feb 6 2013: Hi.
I completely agree with you.
Other than humans going forth and making "Human Needs" into actualized, universally legal and mandated Human Rights,
the children of today, everywhere, must be taught how to change their governments or their systems, to recognize everyone, to maintain freedom or provide it for everyone, to break all those chains that we humans suffer in the constraints of.
We need to teach and educate children in how to do this rather than how to be successful in systems that are patently unjust, wrong, immoral, evil and by default corrupt thus, they are systems that can only survive on corruption, greed, crime, inequality, slavery, poverty, tension, war and death.
To be successful in such unjust systems, one will have to become corrupt, unethical, criminally-minded, self-serving and a "team player" to the corrupt team.Mar 5 2013: A great way to biuld a better society
Dino Bus
Mar 4 2013: So long as these philosophical teachings and 'human rights' doctrines do not contravene the constitutional fabric of that given society.
- +1
Mar 5 2013: But what If the constitution it self is faulty and deprive others of their rights? an unjust law is no law at all :)
what do you think ?
Mar 5 2013: I agree with you! Especially in this country where our government is so divided and there is so much controversy, I think it would be beneficial to educate the youth of our country on their basic rights. Our Constitution was created centuries ago, and I feel like its time to revise and make it relevant to our society. What are your thoughts?
Dorian Knus
Mar 4 2013: Human rights OK and History, the real one, too. They are connected.
- +1
Mar 5 2013: I totally agree with you, they are Very connected .
"He who can not draw on 3000 years is living from hand to mouth"
Kim Laes
Mar 1 2013: To be honest, I think that it is a question that goes beyond education. Our educational system (not just where you live but everywhere) is based on the society that 'supports' it. If you want to change the way people think then you should change the way society thinks. Education is indeed the best place to start but you have to know that change there is not as easy as It may sound.
- +1
I was trained as a highschool teacher. I'm allowed to teach History (my favorite), geography and Catholic religion (God, forgive me). In all 3 of these subjects human rights has a place. Yet, when I tought it (currently I am not longer a teacher) I always had a feeling that neither my students, nor my mentors seemed to think that is was more than 'something that you were obliged to learn'. Their minds, their interests were not focussed on this. Some students, not all of them, were like 'whatever'. My heart bleeds everytime I see that. To most here in Belgium, human rights is something they hear about on television, right before they zap away to watch their favorite show. To most students, it is something they can earn an extra credit with if they write a lettre for the release of a political prisoner.
It is so hard to motivate students, or make them aware that these problems even exist. I remember that one time when I had prepared a class about the Iraqi war and all the controversy that surrounded it. After class my mentor told me that I should chose another subject for my next class, she said: "For them, it is a far-from-my-bed-story." She didn't even mind. I didn't understand because to me it seemed that a subject like that deserved attention from everyone. I had intended to make that class more aware of the problems out there but they were simply not interested.
I blame society in general for this: people are not concerned as long as it does not affect them directly. It is society that has to change. Education needs to change but will society let it?
Mar 5 2013: Allow me to ask you a question, what do you suggest to overcome this problem, the problem of society interference with education?
In my point of view, I think education extends far beyond the boundaries of educational institutions, and It should be achieved with a holistic approach; Schools and their curricula only formulate a single tool that is very powerful, but its not the only tool there.
we can use the things that influence the masses the most, the media for example, music, art..and the list goes on.
In some parts of my country Music is the most influential tool, in other aspects dancing can be very influential.
What do you think ?
Kim Laes
Mar 5 2013: exellent idea, the holistic approach!
- +1
I quiet agree with you. I suppose that it has to start with the nurture we give to our children, the values that we teach them. Unfortunatly, so far society has done nothing but undermine this. The problem is that society is focussed on consumption, mindless consumption. One isn't suppose to create, one is suppose to consume without question. The education of people is only second to this, and even then... it is nearly always directed towards efforts to make us productive citizens, not independent thinkers.
All of this creates the problem of how to educate our children (and adults) about human rights, how to make them more aware of their rights. In the society I just discribed, people like that are threath.
As for the use of media... It's an excellent idea and it is already set in motion: think of the internet... But the great TV-stations almost all have an 'agenda' of their own. In their opinion entertainment isn't suppose to educate us, it's suppose to keep us happy.
Off course, not all programs are like that. And an attentive person will still be able to learn from shows on TV.
You are right to say that education goes far beyond the boundaries of schools. And the use of media is absolutely necessary for the education and to create awareness. It is not an easy task, certainly not one that can be accomplished in 1 generation. But all journeys start with a single step. Music is certainly a good idea; here in Belgium there are some great musicfestivals. I have never heard of a musicfestival responsible for creating violence among people, if anything: it allows us to come together and form new bonds. (Unfortunatly they are also very expensive to attend)
I think that the only way to make people make the first step is to keep trying, to keep offering them a way off learning. In the end, we can not force people to overcome their fear (cause that is essentially what keeps them back) but we can offer them opportunities.
Anthony Han
Mar 1 2013: I agree that this should be a principle in schools. Ideally I feel it should be prepared as a focus in history classes of middle schools around the ending year.
- +1
Then in high schools it should be a required credit to graduate. A class available to be taken after a student's first two years in high school. Of course this would be a shocker to some and maybe deemed unacceptable but really it shouldn't be. Growing up here in Southern California it wasn't uncommon to even know about such material. One thought that comes to mind is: why do we hold such a valuable field from the youth when it would probably help the world?
The only main problem I can see is who will teach the classes in high school?
One would have to be a great teacher of the sorts yet able to hold control of how they teach it all.
The class of course would be regulated and a waiver should be signed by the child's parent(s)/guardian(s).
There is so much I can go on about this and I wish it were a reality.
Jerry Yang
Feb 27 2013: Human rights come with a lot of gore. If you were to focus on human rights, you cannot ignore the fact that there have been so many times that human rights have been abused. Take the situation in Darfur, or South Sudan. Should one bare one's soul by explaining what is happening in Darfur, or shouold one protect the children's minds and save the horror for a later time?
- +1
So the moral dilemma boils down to whether you want to expose the kids to such gore and horror at such a young age.
Mar 5 2013: Curricula can be tailored to suit the minds of young children, Exposing children to terrible scenes isn't the only way to teach them about human right.
Mar 5 2013: So how would you tailor the curriculum to teach younger children about human rights?Feb 25 2013: What is there to talk about, you are most correct.Feb 25 2013: You might be interested in watching a few presentations by Prof Peter Boghossian who discusses the kinds of thinking processes which are more likely and less likely to lead one to truth. Many on YouTube
One such lecture at PhilosophyNews:
Mar 5 2013: Thank you so much
I will check them out :)Feb 25 2013: I agree. Human rights and responsibilities (as Feyisayo mentions) perhaps with some ethics classes and a history of how these rights were identified and developed over the years e.g. the Enlightenment etc.
Morton Bast
Feb 22 2013: I couldn't agree more with the need to teach human rights, and I'd like to add to that current events. At least in the U.S., students could use a MUCH better education about what's going on in the world -- in history classes we're expected to memorize every detail, and current events are often thrown in as an afterthought, where we're asked to read two articles of our choice this week, or similar. Awareness of human rights and awareness of what's in the news should go hand in hand.
- +1
Thunder Tang
Feb 19 2013: enjoy this post. zinc sulfate from Rech Chemical Co.LtdFeb 18 2013: I strongly support the idea of teaching the basics of human rights in school, which will give the students an overview of legally binding framework in sphere of human rights protection. Naturally, students are supposed to get an insight of recognised and inherent rights of every individual, but I suppose that such aspects as violation of HR and opportunities of seeking legal remedies and legal protection would be of crucial importance as well. The problem is, however, is that in some countries (maybe in Sudan too?) school curriculums are designed and approved by the relevant govermental authorities. That might be a barrier when trying to introduce new schemes of secondary education.
- +1
Mar 5 2013: Yea, everything is designed and approved by governmental entities, That makes the problem even more complicated :)
I believe that Through NGOs we can raise people's awareness about human rights along with fighting our battle against the current regime.
also, we can do it indirectly at schools without having a fixed curriculum, until the conditions get better.Feb 18 2013: i agree that human rights and philosophy should be taught to children. the problem that arises is trying to get them into our schools, which happen to be a venue with a purpose we cannot even accurately define.
yes, we all believe that school is a place of education, but the schools here in America seem to have a different purpose altogether. the curriculum at any given public school seems to be designed to pick out the individuals who can be made into semantic drones and data shufflers, and leave the rest to fall into the lower class, with some incredibly apt, prodigious individuals climbing out of all of the white noise and making their own success. on a completely frank note, i didn't retain anything after the 9th grade level other than how to take a test and get a higher score with less studying. having high test scores does not mean you are smart; it means you have concentrated aptitudes, which is a trait we observe in the film "rain man".
with this considered, i can't say it's a good idea to teach human rights and philosophy in public schools. the exposure might have a positive effect on our children, but adversely, human rights might become another dogmatic burden in the minds of our youth. i shudder to think of a day when, all across the world, there is a generally negative reaction to the topic of how to fairly treat other human beings, or how to legitimately think.
my answer: fix the system first.Feb 18 2013: G'day Bashayer
I brought this up on a spiritual forum that all schools should teach philosophy, strangely enough it wasn't well received.
Yes of course it should be taught in schools without question.
Mar 5 2013: Hello Mathew :)
Can you share with us their opinions? I wonder what was their basis?
Fritzie -
Feb 5 2013: I hope an education focused on questioning and critical thinking is in the future of the children of the Sudan.
- +1
Alan Russell
Feb 6 2013: and everywhere elseMar 4 2013: i agree with Alan. it doesn't really happen anywhere and if it does happen in school sometimes, those people will end up working in corporations where they'll be told that it's not that important
- +2
Mar 4 2013: I think that critical thinking is a focus in many classrooms and has been increasingly so over decades.
I also do not think people in corporations are told that critical thinking is not important.
I know many people hold these beliefs about schools and corporations, but that does not mean these assumptions are empirically justified.
The first speaker on the last day of TED 2013, a scholar from New Zealand, spoke to this issue. He attributes the large increase in measured IQ to these sorts of changes over the twentieth century, sharing which parts of IQ measurements have increased by so much- the parts that involve critical and abstract thinking.
Mar 5 2013: "A 2006 study from Brazil examined data from testing children during 1930 and 2002–2004, the largest time gap ever considered. The results are consistent with both the cognitive stimulation and the nutritional hypotheses."
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flynn_effectFeb 6 2013: human rights, no doubt
philosophy is more problematic. i would like it in schools, but what philosophy? which philosophy? there is no consensus within the field, so it is impossible to create a "proper" curriculum.
economics, also agree. i even started to design a series of classroom games, but then had no time to develop.
Feb 6 2013: Philosophy should be a way of thinking and living, rather than just a subject full of theories of different types that we have to memorize and get examined on by the end of a school year .
That's why it's the mother of all sciences, It entails economics, human rights, biology, maths, politics, religion…and the list goes on. Teaching all these subjects with a philosophical perspective, i.e, analyzing why did these sciences arise in the first place, and discussing the reasons behind the various theories we live by and often don't question, I believe is going to be a major turning point in the history of nations.
I can see where you're coming from when you state that philosophy is problematic! But once you embrace it as a " way of thinking" like I mentioned above, Don't you think it'll turn out to be very rewarding?
I'm very impressed with your idea;Teaching economics to children, I hope we get the chance to talk about it soon in depth.
Feb 6 2013: okay, but what to teach if we can't agree which philosophy is true?
economics class: how soon? :) i can describe what i came up with so far if you wish
Dick Brown
Feb 6 2013: Well i think teaching about great thinkers would be good enough.
- +2
Should include history of philosophy and also what branches of philosophy exist.Feb 16 2013: We don't have to agree on any philosophy, the mere exposure of students to different lines of thought will stimulate their brains and improve their analytical skills, and it will also make the teaching process more realistic and would probably make the students more confident getting engaged in issues that they normally feel intimidated by like politics for example :).
Max Gutapfel
Feb 16 2013: Dont think about teaching in such a narowminded fashion of one person standing infront and presentig facts, that system is hugely flawed anyways.
- +2
when teaching philosophy dont teach facts, dont tell, but ask thats what philosophy is about.
You could start out with presenting questions to your students like "is it right to harm someone"
there will in the optimal case be 20 diffrent opinions in one classroom and students will quickly figure out that there is no easy answer. From this point you could step on to reasoning what reasoning means, how mathmatical reasoning is done, just teaching the basic concepts of logic and reasoning.
Then making another step and asking those deeper questions how would a perfect society look like. Once youve figured out those basic principles inside your classroom (the principles a perfect society would have to fullfill ) you could step back to those specific rules as (is it right to harm someone) and see if the outcome will be diffrent this time around.
Ofcourse opnening up to all subjects students may stumble upon (maybe someone comes up with talking / discussing economic systems ... well go ahead and discuss).
What this would require though is a completely neutral teacher and a grading systems which doesnt look for answers but the way in which an answer is presented and wether said answer has been given before (just repeating what youve read in a philosophers book should be valued lesser then creating own thoughts.)
So the goal of the class would be to create students who think for themselves, at least thats what i would like to see.Feb 6 2013: Just Sudan?
Feb 6 2013: Not necessarily, I'm not fully aware of the educational systems outside Sudan, but I believe that many other countries would also need that change in Education given the fact that world peace isn't achieved yet :) , if anyone here feels that he/she can relate to this problem please share your opinion with us..


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Son of Rambow
It all begins in 1980s Britain, when young Will Proudfoot, raised in isolation among The Brethren, a puritanical religious sect in which music and TV are strictly forbidden, encounters something beyond his wildest fantasies: a pirated copy of "Rambo: First Blood." His virgin viewing of the iconic thriller blows his mind--and rapidly expanding imagination--wide open. Now, Will sets out to join forces with the seemingly diabolical school bully, Lee Carter, to make their own action epic, devising wildly creative, on-the-fly stunts, not to mention equally elaborate schemes for creating a movie of total commitment and non-stop thrills while hiding out from The Brethren. But when school popularity finally descends on Will and Lee in the form of the super-cool French exchange student, Didier Revol, their remarkable new friendship and precious film are pushed, quite literally, to the breaking point.
Cast: Jessica Stevenson, Bill Milner, Will Poulter, Jules Sitruk, Neil Dudgeon
Produced by: Garth Jennings, Nick Goldsmith
Directed by: Garth Jennings
Written by: Garth Jennings
Running time: 1hr 36min
Opens: May 02, 2008 Limited
|Theaters for Today
Pick a day
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Seaking-60A Brushless ESC forĀBoatĀ (Version 2.0)
"SeaKing" series ESC is specially designed for boat, so it has the water-cooling system and the whole ESC is waterproof.
1.1 Output: Continuous current 60A, burst current 120A.
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1.5 External Ādiameter of the water cooling pipe: 5.0mm
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2.2 Special designed for RC boat, with excellent start-up, acceleration and linearity features.
2.4ĀWith 2Ārunning modes ("Forward"Āmode and "Forward/Backward" mode).
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2.7 Swtching mode built-in BEC has a very powerful output even working with 6 cells lipo battery.
2.8 User programmable and compatibleĀwith the pocket-sizedĀDigital LEDĀProgram Card (Optional equipment)Āto set the ESC easily.3Ā Programmable Items
The italics texts in the following form are the default settings.
Note1:Ā The parameters in this line is available for Normal Voltage ESC (2 to 6 cells lipo)
Note2:Ā The parameters in this line is available forĀHigh Voltage ESC (5 toĀ12 cells lipo)
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Would you like to write a book of your life? You may already have an idea even what should be its theme. Everyone at least once in your life had considered the opportunity to write own book. If you have already taken this decision, here we will help you with some guidance in this regard. Read what the experts recommend.
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Amazon Launches Kid-Friendly 'FreeTime Unlimited' Service With Lots Of DC And Marvel Material
Now the next generation has even more reason to become addicted to technology at a ridiculously early age, with Amazon launching FreeTime Unlimited for Kindle Fire - A new subscription service that offers videos, games, and books for the young at heart for less than $10 a month. Included in the service? A lot of DC a


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Late stage luminescence-based biochemical dose response assay to identify inhibitors of Trypanosoma brucei methionyl tRNA synthetase (MetRS) (Round2)
Name: Late stage luminescence-based biochemical dose response assay to identify inhibitors of Trypanosoma brucei methionyl tRNA synthetase (MetRS) (Round2) ..more
Related BioAssays
Related BioAssays
BioActive Compound: 1
Related Experiments
Source (MLPCN Center Name): The Scripps Research Institute Molecular Screening Center (SRIMSC)
Affiliation: University of Washington
Assay Provider: Wilhelmus Hol, University of Washington
Network: Molecular Library Probe Production Centers Network (MLPCN)
Grant Proposal Number: 1 R01 AI084004-01A1
Grant Proposal PI: Wilhelmus Hol, University of Washington
External Assay ID: METRS_INH_LUMI_1536_3XIC50 MDRUN (Round2)
Name: Late stage luminescence-based biochemical dose response assay to identify inhibitors of Trypanosoma brucei methionyl tRNA synthetase (MetRS) (Round2)
Human African trypanosomiasis (HAT; also called sleeping sickness) is a neglected tropical disease that is caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma brucei, which employs the tsetse fly as its insect vector. Related tropical diseases include Chagas disease (caused by Trypanosoma cruzi) and leishmaniasis (caused by Leishmania species). Each of these diseases has a major impact on human health around the world and they lack adequate chemotherapeutic treatment options (1), as current therapies suffer from poor efficacy, oral bioavailability (2), toxicity, and difficult treatment regimens (3). As a result there is a great need to develop novel, more selective, and effective treatments (4). The aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRS) play essential roles in protein synthesis and cell survival and thus are attractive targets for the design of novel chemotherapeutic agents for these diseases (3). aaRS enzymes are essential to translating nucleotide-encoded gene sequences into proteins. Thus, inhibitors that interfere with these enzymes will inhibit formation of properly charged tRNA, leading to accumulation of uncharged tRNA on the ribosome, and disruption of normal protein chain elongation during translation, which are detrimental to cell viability. In particular, genomic studies have revealed sequence differences between the T. brucei trypanosome and mammalian methionyl-tRNA synthetases (MetRSs: which are members of the aaRS family), suggesting that selective inhibition of this enzyme and protozoan death can be achieved using drug-like molecules (2). Using RNA interference, T. brucei MetRS has been shown to be essential for parasite survival (3). In addition, since the MetRS enzymes from Trypanosomatid organisms are highly homologous (particularly in the methionine-ATP binding pocket) it is possible that compounds active against T. brucei MetRS will exhibit activity against the MetRS enzymes from T. cruzi and Leishmania.
1. Gonzalez, M. and H. Cerecetto, Novel compounds to combat trypanosomatid infections: a medicinal chemical perspective. Expert Opin Ther Pat, 2011. 21(5): p. 699-715
2. Finn, J., M. Stidham, M. Hilgers, and C.K. G, Identification of novel inhibitors of methionyl-tRNA synthetase (MetRS) by virtual screening. Bioorg Med Chem Lett, 2008. 18(14): p. 3932-7.
3. Shibata, S., J.R. Gillespie, A.M. Kelley, A.J. Napuli, Z. Zhang, K.V. Kovzun, R.M. Pefley, J. Lam, F.H. Zucker, W.C. Van Voorhis, E.A. Merritt, W.G. Hol, C.L. Verlinde, E. Fan, and F.S. Buckner, Selective inhibitors of methionyl-tRNA synthetase have potent activity against Trypanosoma brucei Infection in Mice. Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 2011. 55(5): p. 1982-9.
4. Ding, D., Q. Meng, G. Gao, Y. Zhao, Q. Wang, B. Nare, R. Jacobs, F. Rock, M.R. Alley, J.J. Plattner, G. Chen, D. Li, and H. Zhou, Design, synthesis, and structure-activity relationship of Trypanosoma brucei leucyl-tRNA synthetase inhibitors as antitrypanosomal agents. J Med Chem, 2011. 54(5): p. 1276-87.
Late Stage, SAR, dose response, triplicate, enzyme, T. brucei, parasite, MetRS, methionyl tRNA synthetase, ligase, Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase, aaRS, tRNA, methionine, methionyl, kinetic, biochemical, enzymatic, luciferase, luc, lumi, ATP depletion, luciferin, ATP, methionine, Luminescence, Lumi, Kinase Glo, RLU, inhibit, inhibitor, inhibition, Trypanosoma brucei., protozoa, HTS, high throughput screen, 1536, Scripps, Scripps Florida, MLSMR, The Scripps Research Institute Molecular Screening Center, SRIMSC, Molecular Libraries Probe Production Centers Network, MLPCN.
Assay Overview:
The purpose of this assay is to determine dose response curves for available powder samples of compounds identified as MetRS inhibitor probe candidates in a set of previous experminets: "Late stage luminescence-based biochemical dose response assay for inhibitors of Trypanosoma brucei methionyl tRNA synthetase (MetRS) - BioAssay Summary" (AID 686967) . This assay screened a third batch of powders.
In this biochemical ATP depletion assay, methionine, bulk E. coli tRNA, and ATP are incubated with MetRS enzyme in the presence of test compounds. Following the incubation, remaining ATP levels are monitored using well chemiluminescence by addition of the luciferase-luciferin-based Kinase-Glo reagent to each well. As designed, a compound that inhibits MetRS activity will reduce the hydrolysis of ATP that normally occurs as the MetRS enzyme converts L-methionine to L-methionyl-tRNA(Met). Reductions in MetRS activity and ATP hydrolysis increase the relative amount of ATP available for luciferase-mediated cleavage of the luciferin substrate in the Kinase-Glo system, resulting in increased well luminescence. Negative controls include wells that do not contain ATP in the reaction. Positive controls include wells containing 1.5 uM of control compound (SID 136913750). Compounds are tested in triplicate using a 10-point 1:3 dilution series starting at a maximum nomimal test concentration of 118.6 uM.
Protocol Summary:
Prior to the start of the assay 1.5 ul of a MetRS solution (0.4 mM Spermine, 0.2 mg/ml BSA, 45 nM HEPES, 18 nM MgCl2, 90 mM KCl, 5 mM DTT, 0.2 U/ml pyrophosphatase, 70 nM MetRS) to all wells. Plates were centrifuged. Next, 36 nL of test compounds or DMSO alone (0.9% final concentration) were distributed into the appropriate wells. The plates were then incubated for 15 minutes at 25 C. The assay was started by the addition of 1.5 ul of a mixture containing Met and tRNA (64 uM Met, 400 ug/ml tRNA) to column 1, 1.5 ul of a mixture containing ATP and tRNA (200 nM ATP, 400 ug/ml tRNA) to column 2 and 1.5 ul of a mixture containing ATP, t-RNA and Methionine (200 nM ATP, 400 ug/ml tRNA, 64 uM Met) to columns 3-48. The plates were then incubated for 2 hour at 25 C. After incubation, 3 ul of Kinase Glo reagent were added to all 48 columns and plates were incubated for another 10 minutes at 25 C. Plates were centrifuged and luminescence was measured by the ViewLux microplate reader.
The percent inhibition for each compound was calculated using the following mathematical expression:
%_Inhibition = ( ( Test_Compound - Median_Low_Control ) / ( Median_High_Control - Median_Low_Control ) ) * 100
Test_Compound is defined as wells containing test compound,
Low_Control is defined as wells containing DMSO
High_Control is defined as wells containing 1.5 uM of control compound (SID 136913750)
For each test compound, percent inhibition was plotted against compound concentration. A four parameter equation describing a sigmoidal dose-response curve was then fitted with adjustable baseline using Assay Explorer software (Accelrys Inc). The reported IC50 values were generated from fitted curves by solving for the X-intercept value at the 50% activation level of the Y-intercept value. In cases where the highest concentration tested (i.e. 118.6uM) did not result in greater than 50% activation, the IC50 was determined manually as greater than 118.6 uM.
PubChem Activity Outcome and Score:
Compounds with an IC50 greater than 10 uM were considered inactive. Compounds with an IC50 equal to or less than 10 uM were considered active.
Any compound with a percent activity value < 50% at all test concentrations was assigned an activity score of zero. Any compound with a percent activity value >= 50% at any test concentration was assigned an activity score greater than zero.
Activity score was then ranked by the potency of the compounds with fitted curves, with the most potent compounds assigned the highest activity scores.
The PubChem Activity Score range for active compounds is 100-100, there are no inactive compounds.
List of Reagents:
MetRS protein (supplied by Assay Provider)
Magnesium Chloride Hexahydrate (Fisher, part 7791-18-6)
1M HEPES (Lonza, part 17-737)
Potassium Chloride (Fisher, part BP366)
Distiller Water (Gibco, part 15230)
Spermine (Fluka, part 85588)
Bovine serum albumin (Sigma, part A7906)
Pytophosphatase (Sigma, part I1643)
Dithiothreitol (Acros, part1 6568-0250)
E. coli tRNA (Sigma, part R4251)
ATP (Sigma, part A7699)
L-Methionine (Sigma, part M9625)
Kinase-Glo (Promega, part V6714)
DMSO (Acros Organics, part 127790025)
1536-well plates (Corning, part 7254)
This assay may have been run as two or more separate campaigns, each campaign testing a unique set of compounds. All data reported were normalized on a per-plate basis. Possible artifacts of this assay can include, but are not limited to: dust or lint located in or on wells of the microtiter plate, and compounds that modulate well Luminescence. All test compound concentrations reported above and below are nominal; the specific test concentration(s) for a particular compound may vary based upon the actual sample provided.
Categorized Comment - additional comments and annotations
From BioAssay Depositor:
Assay: CurveFit [1]: Equation: =( ( [Maximal Response] * [Concentration]^[Hill Slope] ) / ( [Inflection Point Concentration]^[Hill Slope] + [Concentration]^[Hill Slope] ) ) + [Baseline Response]
Assay: CurveFit [1]: Mask: Excluded Points
Assay: Dictionary: Version: 0.1
Result Definitions
* Activity Concentration. ** Test Concentration.
Additional Information
Grant Number: 1 R01 AI084004-01A1
Data Table (Concise)


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The Ask Chris Valentine Special: Batman vs. the Pickup Artist
Here at ComicsAlliance, we value our readership and are always open to what the masses of Internet readers have to say. That's why every week, Senior Writer Chris Sims puts his comics culture knowledge to the test as he responds to your reader questions!
Q: How would Batman have foiled The Art Gallery Scheme? -- @NielJacoby
A: Ah, Valentine's Day, a time when one's thoughts turn inevitably to the complex art


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Experience the best of online poker at Full Tilt. Choose from a wide range of game types and play poker with thousands of other players.
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Passionate and dramatic, this tune will perfectly fit any military themed content as high-pitched violins and drums beating a tattoo fuse here with the power of French horns to cascade the avalanche of sound on the listener. Beginning with a silent cello intro 'Heroic' then strikes with the military march piece and in the end develops into the stirring theme of sacrifice which will surely send shivers down your spine.
The item has been updated: orchestration improvements, stereo base re-balanced, new brass instruments added, new strings instruments added, short intro & outro files added, wav files added.
Contents of the ZIP:
- Heroic.mp3 – 3:04
- Heroic.wav – 3:04
Bonus: Intro and Outro audios based on the original theme.
- Intro.wav – 0:14
- Outro.wav – 0:15


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2003 Ford Ranger Shoot« Back to Article
Article Summary
I had a friend ask me to do a shoot on his 2003 Ford Ranger Edge so I gladly said sure why not. I took it to my special 1 1/2 Mile Straight away and did it at the end. We did not do rolling shoots on this Ranger but hopefully we will in the future.« Back to 2003 Ford Ranger Shoot


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Terms & Conditions.
Some product exclusions may apply. See product page details for more information. Clearance items are final sale. Price matching does not apply to this or any promotion. Offer is valid until September 13 at 11:59 PM PST. May not be combined with any other offer/discount (unless specified), including invitation credits, promotional gift cards and/or special discount links. Discount applied upon checkout. Log in to your account to see your savings.
An exotic wood beam appears to float between stainless steel legs. It's not a magic trick, it's the Return Bench. An eminently functional design, this Gus* Modern bench is also made socially useful, as for each bench purchased Fab will make a small donation to City Harvest, an organization dedicated to rescuing food for hungry New Yorkers.
Seat height 15".
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Canadian industrial engineer David Podsiadlo launched Toronto-based Gus* Design Group in a basement with two friends in 2002. The company's furniture and lighting offer a contemporary take on mid-century archetypes. Using simple yet original profiles, tailored lines, and honest materials, its unfussy pieces incorporate practical purpose with quality construct
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- Housing
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- Off-Campus Highlights
- Student Activities & Events
- Student Services
- International Student Services
- Student Profiles
- COA Gear
Related Links
Acadia National Park
COA is fortunate to have one of the most scenic "backyards" in the country. Just a mile from campus, Acadia National Park offers students endless opportunities to hike, bike, climb, run, kayak, canoe, swim, sled, ski and just plain sit. Over 60 miles of wide carriage roads and over 100 miles of hiking trails combine with granite-faced cliffs, ocean, streams, lakes and ponds to form an ideal neighborhood for nature lovers. The college runs weekly outings into the park and outdoor gear can be borrowed from Student Life.
Favorite Hikes
- Gorham Mountain
- The Beehive
- Precipice Trail
- Long Pond
- Great Head and Sand Beach
Faculty Sidebar


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Red Bull advisor Helmut Marko has taunted McLaren team boss Martin Whitmarsh by telling him to resolve his own team's problems before commenting on those of others.
Marko, right-hand man to owner Dietrich Mateschitz, was naturally in an ebullient mood after witnessing Sebastian Vettel become the youngest world champion in Formula One history on Sunday.
Marko has made no secret of his favouritism towards Vettel over the course of the season, notably siding with the 23-year-old following his collision with team-mate Mark Webber in Turkey.
So after Vettel's moment of glory in Abu Dhabi, Marko was able to gloat, in particular when asked about Whitmarsh's comments after the Belgian Grand Prix in August when Vettel crashed into Jenson Button.
Whitmarsh remarked that Vettel's driving was more reminiscent of junior formulae than Formula One.
Standing on firm ground on which to strike back, especially given Lewis Hamilton's accidents that followed in Italy and Singapore, Marko said: "Whitmarsh was trying to put a lot of pressure on us."
"But he should look to try and keep Hamilton on the road instead."
"I think it would have been better for his team instead of looking at others and making comments which were not justified."
Marko did not stop at Whitmarsh with his comments as he also claimed Fernando Alonso was fortunate to still be in the hunt for the title come the last race.
The Austrian was referring to the fact Alonso inherited two of his five wins from Vettel, initially in Bahrain when a spark plug issue dropped the young German from first to fourth.
Most significantly there was Korea when Vettel's engine blew nine laps from home, and not forgetting in Germany where Felipe Massa pulled over to allow Ferrari team-mate Alonso to pass.
"The way we have gone with Red Bull is straightforward," added Marko.
"We won won in a very sporting way, never with any tactics. Both drivers had the same chances."
"Of course, this was a risky strategy because we could have lost the title to Alonso, who was always lucky.
"Whenever we had problems he was the one benefiting, so now we are very happy. These two titles (Red Bull also winning the constructors') are more than I could have hoped for."
Marko is convinced the team and Vettel will now go from strength to strength, with the aim to repeat the feat next year and further put the noses out of joint of established marques McLaren and Ferrari.
"Sebastian will become more mature, more relaxed, and as for the team, everyone is so committed," said Marko.
"When the boss (Mateschitz) said in 2004 he was going to buy an F1 team, but that we had to win, I knew it would be difficult but possible."
"But to win both championships in a relatively short period of time means the whole team, the whole approach of everyone was right, and there is a lot of satisfaction."
"Everyone is now focused on repeating this next year, that is what we are going for - but hopefully not in the last race!"


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Caravan Beads
915 Forest Ave Portland, Maine 04103
800.230.8941 or 207.761.2503
4mm Japanese Miracle Beads in a mix of colors. Each bag of 4mm miracle beads has approx. 200 beads. Miracle beads are plastic beads from Japan. These beads have a wonderful optical-illusion effect. Multiple coats of expensive metallic spray paint are covered with a clear 'magic' coating containing UV inhibitors.
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By Peter BeckerMore Content NowAsk almost any child in Western society about what the North Pole means to them and you will likely hear it is the abode of one Mr. Claus; the domicile of eight or nine reindeer, an assortment of elves and Saint Nick and his family; where Kris Kringel "hangs his hat."
In this week's edition of App Finder, we highlight the 2014's most popular iPhone apps. Check out the App Store for more on each app, and stay tuned for next week's roundup of 2014's most popular Android apps.
By Suzette Martinez StandringMore Content Now
By Ed SymkusMore Content Now
Ranging from chili kicking to beer infused, these truffle recipes are far from ordinary.
With 2014 winding down, it was the last chance for the Shamrocks (2-2) to end 2014 with a win. Unfortunately for them, the Portland St. Patrick boys basketball team just couldn't pull it off on Thursday night, falling to the Dansville Aggies 54-41.
[WARNING: The following story contains spoilers about Thursday's Season 5 finale of Covert Affairs. Read at your own risk.] Thursday's Season 5 finale of
Prep Roundup - Belding, Pewamo-Westphalia fall late
[WARNING: The following story contains spoilers from the series finale of USA's White Collar. �Read at your own risk.]
- Events Calendar


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David Burdette Phillips, 74 of Monroe, IA passed away at his home Saturday, July 20, 2013 with his loving family at his side.
Visitation will be held on Wednesday, July 24th from 6:00 – 8:00 PM at the Coburn Funeral Home in Monroe. Funeral services will be held on Thursday, July 25th at the Corydon United Methodist Church at 2:00 PM with Pastor Diane Olsen Schroeder officiating the service. Preceding the services, the family will greet visitors beginning at 12:00 at the Corydon United Methodist Church. Burial will be at the Swan Cemetery on Friday, July 26th at 10:30 AM.
Dave was born on September 20, 1938 to Don and Mary (Woodard) Phillips in Bussey, Iowa. He attended and graduated from Creston High School in 1956. He completed community college in Creston in 1958.
On October 12, 1958 he was married to Jacqueline Frances Churchill who remained at his side until his passing.
Dave continued his education and graduated with a BA from Northwest Missouri State University (Maryville) in 1962. He completed his MA in Education Administration in 1968 from Northeast Missouri State (Kirksville), and also completed his Specialist Certification in Education through Iowa State University in 1988.
Dave served as an Industrial Arts instructor from 1962-1970 for Grand Valley (Kellerton) and Wayne of Corydon Community Schools. He served as an elementary and Jr. High principal at Wayne for the final 26 years of his education career, retiring in July 1996.
Education and working with children was a primary motivation in Dave's life. Dave loved sports and served as a coach for track, softball, football and basketball while at Grand Valley and Wayne Schools. Watching his children and grandchildren participate in these activities were one of Dave's passions.
Dave enjoyed many other hobbies and activities such as gardening, cooking, canning, woodworking, hunting, fishing and traveling to visit children and grandchildren. Sharing time with friends and family on camping and fishing adventures were some of his favorite pastimes. He spent many hours working in his woodshop, whether it was a small project for a grandchild or a restoration project requested by a friend, he always found time to work in his shop.
Dave was also very active in many organizations including the Boy Scouts as a leader, United Methodist Church as Youth Leader, Methodist Men's Group and many others. He served the community of Corydon on the City Council and as Mayor for nearly 20 years. He also served as the Swimming Pool manager, as well as many other community planning committees while he lived and worked in the Corydon area.
In January 2008 Dave and Jacque moved from Corydon to Monroe where they have continued to greet friends and family and enjoy their retirement.
Those left to cherish Dave's memories are his wife, Jacque of Monroe; daughter Tammy (Russell) Bay of North Liberty; sons Jim (Kelly) Phillips of Monroe, Kim (Robin) Phillips of Salt Lake City, UT, Brian (Kelly) Phillips of Cary, NC; grandchildren Katlyn and Brandon Bay of North Liberty, IA, Lauren and Madison Phillips of Mount Pleasant, SC, Katherine Phillips of Salt Lake City, Logan and Jacob Phillips of Monroe, and Kamron, Spencer and Lance Phillips of Cary, NC; brother James (Karen) Phillips of Woodbridge, CT.
He was preceded in death by his parents and an infant sister.
Memorials may be directed to the Hospice of Central Iowa, Heifer International, Local Food Pantry, Mid Iowa Council Boy Scouts of America – Camp Mitigwa Fund, American Diabetes Association.


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Tim is a licensed psychologist and has worked in a variety of mental health service settings over the past 20 years. He has had his own private practice for the past 12 years, specializing in individual and family therapy with children, adolescents, and their families.
Tim provides individual and couples therapy for adults, and he co-facilitates a weekly men's therapy group. Tim's scholarly interests include: important client, therapist, and societal factors for a therapist to consider in building an effective and honest therapeutic relationship with each client; the appropriate timing of and approaches utilized by therapists in addressing difficult issues with clients in therapy; and effective and respectful ways of working with adolescents and their families.
He believes it is essential and necessary for each student, who wants to become a therapist, to look at his/her personal and family history in regards to race, culture, gender, socioeconomic status, etc. Tim is committed to assisting each student in his or her development as a competent, culturally-sensitive, and compassionate therapist.


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Home > Sports Memorabilia > NCAA Team Gear & Collectibles > University of Florida > Netbook & iPad Sleeve—Florida Gators
Netbook & iPad Sleeve—Florida Gators
Show some team spirit while protecting your iPad®, tablet or reader.
A team logo netbook sleeve is a fun and functional gift idea for sports fans.
The NCAA Netbook/iPad® Sleeve is made of durable jersey-styled mesh fabric with shock-absorbing 3.3mm neoprene inner padded core and embroidered sports team logo on front. It fits portable electronic devices up to 10-inch wide and is an ideal way to show your team spirit. This NCAA Netbook/iPad® Sleeve is ideal for Ebook readers, iPad®, tablets, portable TV/DVD players, Kindle®, and handheld game units. Electronics not included.
Dimensions: 8.75" L x 11.5" W x 0.75" H; 0.33 lbs.
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The Community of Disc Golfers and About All Things Disc Golf
Now that the Jackal has been out for a while and those that have bought them have had some time to throw them, I wonder what you think. Do you like the flight? What type of shots? What color and weight? Do you like the stamp? Etc.
I was lucky enough to get part of a day with this disc before it came out. It felt like a really domey leopard and flew like a TL with a bit less HSS and a TON of glide.
I have since purchased a 173g Orange one with a gold stamp. The production model is exactly like the proto, lots of dome and glide. I like it for dead straight 280-325' shots, especially when there is low ceiling. It will get out to 400+, but I have other drives I like better for bigger distances. There is some overlap with my Lat64 Opto River, but the FD has a bit more LSS. A plus for me, even though I'm backhand dominant, the FD has a sweet forehand release.
The artwork on the disc is horrible, it looks like a cat hacking up a furball. JMO
So far its in the bag and I have about 40 rounds with it.
Views: 469
love this disc,like mine flat as possible and anywhere from the mid 160's to max weight.pairs up nicely with the craze.
I'm surprised that more people haven't tried the Jackal, it really is a great disc. I
Love your disc recommendations but this one sounds too similar to the river which I already have in my bag.
I want to love it, but I just keep going back to Leopards. I carry three Leopards and the Jackal overlaps too much with my stable one (white star, max weight). True, the Jackal might have a touch more LSS and a sprinkle more speed, but in the end it is not enough of a difference for me to carry it.
Mine is Yellow, 171, blue stamp.
I think if it weren't for the glide, I might pass on the FD in favor of the Leopard. The Leopard is a good match with the River for added LSS that the River doesn't have.
This may all be mute once Lat64 comes out with their new more stable fairway driver here real soon. :)
Ooooo.... What have you heard? Do share ;)
Ohhhhh Christian, there is limited info, but Tompa said he has thrown it, and to save your cash cuz it's gonna be sweet. I am so frickin stoked for this disc to come out.
I jinxed myself by writing that post. I lost my stable Leopard today and the only disc I have on hand to replace it is the FD. I never really got into the River. I remember it being VERY glidey, but I tried it a year ago and my swing has completely changed. I might have to look into this...
Sorry to here that Justin, we all know what its like to lose a fav.
I am stoked as well!
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