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- Laurens Rademakers
- Brussels
- Belgium
This conversation is closed.
Why does music "touch" us emotionally? It doesn't make sense.
This is a profound mystery which I cannot begin to ponder. Perhaps you can help?
Think of it: technically speaking, music is just a collection of sounds interspersed by silence.
But every human being knows of pieces of music that really "touch" him or her emotionally. These emotions can be very strong, and transport you to another "place".
How is it possible that a mere collection of sounds gets associated in our brain with memories, experiences, emotions, stories, images, feelings...? Why can we even cry when hearing a particular piece of music or even a fleeting, short succession of a few notes?
It's totally bizarre. I don't understand. It makes no sense, as far as I can see.
Sense? No, because:
-(Apparently) there's no "utilitarian"/"economic" value to music.
-(Apparently) there's no biological/evolutionary advantage -- we are hunters and gatherers, with some brutally uttered noises we should get by well while hunting mammoths and elephants.
-There seems to be no real social value either (as some music can be too private, and a singular fragment may touch a single person at a strictly single, private moment)
-Maybe there's a neurological advantage (releasing energy in excessively charged neurons, or something to that extent...)
In any case: how can we ever explain the fact that music "touches" us and generates "feelings" that can touch our entire body and make us shiver?
Jun 24 2011: Laurens,
To understand how music makes sense, consider sensual (not technical) underpinnings. All "rational" intelligences are submissive to base instincts. Senses are: sight, sound, smell, taste and touch.
Infants hear their mother's heartbeat before anything else. Her cardiac rhythm, on a background of non-rhymic bodily sounds, sets down a steady "base" beat on which baby's (much faster) heart rhythm is layered.. Baby experiences both, symmetrical and in-synch.
So, our first experience of sound is neither cognitive or utilitarian. Accessed via vibration. Of no practical or even emotional value to a pre-nate. But right there at the "dawn" of our existence.
When baby is born social connection(s) deliver its needs through its senses. The most satisfying come via sound, touch and taste. Generally in mom or dad's arms. Baby hears singing or humming while settling at breast, bottle or to sleep. In mom's (dad's or another's) arms, perhaps skin-to-skin baby again hears those two sustaining beats. His/her ear lies next to her body, amplifying both.
As baby's emotional and cognitive neurological scaffolding begins making post-birth connections, eg: through trial and error how to satisfy hunger by finding the nipple and how to be calmed when in distress, these sense-based beats go on.
Baby, in turn, learns to communicate with sound (crying) to satiate its feelings of hunger, discomfort, frustration, loneliness, etc. If emotionally connected with mom (or other) baby will easily distinguish her voice from others and associate it to her smell, which is connected to food, namely milk.
Thus, sound and vibration is imbedded through human biological, social, emotional and cognitive processes, within our base and instinctual senses--self-taught, so to speak.
This is why neonatal units where pre-term babies are cared for try to minimize loud sounds and promote skin-to-skin contact with mom (dad or other), when at all possible.
Wonderful Q! Thanks,
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Jun 24 2011: Jim,
Lucky Ella! I've edited and injected Dad as key singer, too.
Many thanks for sharing your story --
AndreaJun 25 2011: Andrea,
Your contribution to this discussion shed light unto how music can be associated to meditation;
"So, our first experience of sound is neither cognitive or utilitarian. Accessed via vibration. Of no practical or even emotional value to a pre-nate. But right there at the "dawn" of our existence."
If one escapes to this mode of in-cognitive, non-utilitarian, non-purpose vibrations/frequencies, keeping in mind that time is relative, music can be used to "speed up" or "slow down" the perception of time via rhythm synchronization. This demands enormous focus and conviction (from my perspective, anyway). One must ignore any semantic existence inside any lyric and focus on melodies only. One must not miss a beat and it helps to find space somewhere inside the rhythm to match your breathing with. One should be impervious to the immediate environment (don't try this while crossing the street). The effect is intensely calming.
It's fascinating the way that music evolved from simple tribal rhythm and evolved into synthesized textures, deceptive cadence, overlapping time signatures, melodic scales and so on. Moreover, I think music as chosen by the adult ear (and I mean more than the ear attached to your head) can be separated into different forms of content; authenticity, emotional connection, instrumental format, lyrical pertinence,etc... I would say that culture is responsible for the development of music into so many genres, and still each genre acts as a mere template used to interpret emotion from sound. Furthermore, this is true across the globe.
Nonetheless, the fact that we hear music before even birth and that we organize it as we develop consciousness/awareness dilutes all of the above.
Jul 13 2011: Mathieu --
Yes, these heart rhythms and connective vibrational effects are surely related to meditation.
And I agree: evolutions of complexity, varied frequencies & time signatures, synchrony v. asymmetry and internal/external relationships to personal energies music captures are fascinating.
In a way, they are also reassuring. By weaving in the diverse cultural and experiential features, we can perceive, in music's evolved sophistication, something close to the phenomenological processes of entropy. Wherein orderly and linear paths are integrated with disorder and chaos as each emerges, in equilibrium.
In this interpretation, I'd like to think music is now akin to the canary singing (not, in this case dying) near the coal mine: A harbinger of hope that humans can and should embrace all our senses. From where they come from in our most deepest human experiences to where they we are going to as individuals and global community, so to speak.
Thus music teaches us how we can, and indeed have, evolved by listening for, hearing and embracing our most connective essences--even those which in earlier or other places seem(ed) dissonant or unfamiliar.
To echo your thoughts, I see our challenge as "composers" of our lives and world is to sort the superficially social/environmental dissociations, that can seem evolved but aren't, out from our big-picture perspective, so they don't undermine core, essential, truths. In musical terms, to reduce any clang and clatter, no matter how seductively flashy or novel, that prohibits the full experience of the music.
To slightly depart from you: I don't think we should be impervious, but rather be selectively pervious to matters of our evolution.
By noting when we sense intense familiarity or comfort at deep in core and, indeed, throughout our hearts, minds and bodies in sensual ways that both stimulate and satiate somehow at once. When this occurs core essences, those worth evolving, emerge.
AndreaJul 13 2011: I am trying to to end this "assumption"
how things go
listening to music, is an experience
if you listen to the piece, the first time, some might like it, some might not
for those who liked it:
not for too long, they keep listening to the piece until, it's part of their thinking
they humming the piece while they're walking
then they keep the piece in their long term memory, remember the piece
they also, may link the time of listening to the piece with a certain situation
not for too long, will lose the sense, and becomes a memory
for those who didn't like it, either at all or somewhat at minimal
repeating listening to the piece will make the person, listen to the details of the piece, ending with liking the piece eventually
regarding senses:
I see music is like math equation
7 notes + different timings
every single musician is trying to find a good combination, what adds more variables to the equation is the instrument
I play guitar, been sometime, befor I had to wait for the feeling!
I learned more, I don't have to feel anything
it's the combination, pick a scale (deppending what mode you want the piece to be like [happy, sad]), arrange the tones with a certain time [fast, slow] [4/4, 3/4, 5/4, 7/4 for example], you got at piece
it makes things more easy for me to think this wayJul 9 2011: i don't know if it has been suggested, but as a self taught guitarist, blues enthusiast, and someone who has been in grad school for way to long studying psychology, i would suggest reading "This is Your Brain on Music" by Daniel J. Levitin. The arguments pertaining to the emergence of music are still going on, but this guy provides a strong case regarding our musical relationship across our evolution.
He argues that music was a precursor to language development and overall a vital role in our evolution. One reason was due to how intact our musical abilities remain even if we lose other similar functions (i.e., people who can't talk can sing, people who can't walk can dance, people who can't use their hands but can play the piano, etc.)
also, it has been shown that the rhythm promotes movement areas of the brain, which is why we tap our toes and dance. However, music also has a voice and is able to talk to us, which has been seen with neuro-scans of jazz pianists while they were improvising, which lights up the language areas of the brain. I know that guitarists such as Clapton have described that when they solo they are really just singing with their hands instead of their mouths. Don't know if that provides any clarity, but there is a lot of research and theories out their if you know where to searchJun 29 2011: This is a great question! I'm still thinking about why music has such an influence on me. In particular, Albinoni's Adagio makes me cry, if you can believe that!!! It is so deep and mysterious and tugs at your heart strings. Also Tchaikovsky's Concerto No. 1.
I venture to explain the love of music in terms of philosophy, because I believe there is more to humans than evolution and survival. There are many aspects of our being that cannot be attributed to mere biology.
The universe is diverse and separate. There are huge things (like galaxies) and smaller things (like planets). Even on the Earth, there is no uniformity. Non-uniformity is the sign of a universe. When everything is one and the same, there is no separateness, there is no universe. That is why we fall asleep when we listen to a constant humming or in a lecture where the speaker is monotonal. There is no differentiation. It's all dissolved into a single aspect. For example, compare a nice vegatable salad versus a smoothie make by grinding all the vegetables into a puree. No doubt they are the same, but people with good teeth and taste prefer the salad to the smoothie, because of all the variety in texture.
By indulging in a pattern of non-uniform sounds, we are indulging in our existence. We are enlivened by music. So by celebrating music we are celebrating our differentiated consciousnesses and existences.Jun 26 2011: Dear Laurens
As a music educator I think about this question quite a bit. I learned in 10th grade that I prefer teaching music over performing. I have found I tend to have more of an emotional response when I have taught a child rather than perform myself. I will do my best to explain why.
Music and language share many elements that are vital for sharing, expressing, and understanding emotions. One example is timbre. We find our mother's voice naturally soothing as a baby, especially when she speaks in a higher tone. Likewise a harsh or yelling tone of voice will scare babies or dogs away who naturally know to become frightened by these sounds/tones. The timbrel element of music works similarly--certain instruments sound pleasing to us: cello, piano, breathy saxophone, etc.
Music takes it to the next level by adding several other elements, one of which is contour. The shape of a phrase in spoken languages vary depending on where you are in the world. In English, our sentences and phrases give us so many clues as to how others are supposed to feel when they hear us. Getting higher and higher in pitch tells the listener to keep being interested as there is a kicker coming soon! When that kicker of the sentence comes, there is a peek in the tone of a persons voice, or a quick drop, a change basically that informs us that something important was just said. Musical phrases and contour works the exact same way, especially in expressive music such as the romantic period.
Other musical characteristics are the same, volume (dynamics), harmony, (dissonant or consonant?), unpleasant/exaggerated timbres (distorted guitar), speed or tempo (think of someone speaking very quickly vs slowly). The examples go on and on between communicational and musical expression. When I teach a child music, I realize that they now have a great tool for expressing themselves. And since human expression is a ubiquitous commodity, seeing my students fall in love with expression, is my drug.
Dean Marc Co
Jun 24 2011: A splendid mystery which may never be fully understood for all technical analysis we do.
- +2
For example, major scales in general are 'lively" or "happy" compared with "morose" and "melancholic" minor scales. But why?
The structure. The symmetry. The coherence. The complexity. The depth. The rhythm. The pitches. The dynamics. The skill. The content. The generation. The environment.
For all the possible set of answers, someone will still ask: "But why?"
It would be safe to say that music in general can be appreciated or not or both.
I remember reading somewhere ( I think it was about Feynman ) a man asking his friend the question of why long ago -- and even now -- people tried to understand what a rainbow is and how it is formed. In summary, the person mentioned virtues like curiosity and physical/mathematical mysteries inspiring people to study it. In reply, the guy ( assuming Feynman was who I remember it was ) retorted with the idea that couldn't people simply try to understand the rainbow because it is beautiful.
I guess understanding why music touches us is intimately tied to why beauty touches us. Then people will ask, "What then is beauty?;" as to the beholder most will answer.
Music is a legacy. Music touches our hearts since we can touch back. As much as we find ourselves so insignificant and so small in the grand scheme of things, as the universe and the stars shine down on us, we can look up and shine back.
Jul 12 2011: Yes, that was Feynman. This anecdote inspired the title of a book: "Feynman's Rainbow: A Search for Beauty in Physics and in Life" by Leonard Mlodinow, who wrote it as the story of his friendship with Feynman: http://www.amazon.com/Feynmans-Rainbow-Search-Beauty-Physics/dp/044653045X
I would argue that perception of beauty IS due to an intuition for mathematical relationships, including (in the case of music) periodicity (rhythm), multiplicity (relationships between tonal frequencies and harmonies), and rate of change ("shape" of the sound). The subjective aspect of beauty has to do with which properties we prefer to notice most, but the properties themselves still have roots in mathematics.
I suspect that the reason for the enjoyment of whichever musical properties we prefer may be due to our innate ability to seek and analyze patterns. The mind delights in finding patterns, which is likely due to an evolved reward system (e.g. dopamine) that encourages greater understanding of things, which definitely can be linked to survival instincts: patterns in weather, migration, hunting and gathering, even social interactions and interspecies behavioural analysis, all are worth understanding better from a survival point of view. Music listening and learning can enhance pattern recognition, and the mind surely must enjoy finding easy ways to practice this skill, such as when the tones are soothing and harmonious rather than jarring and chaotic, or if the rhythm is fun and interesting. Creating music, then, is a way to share a pattern that the mind has developed as a way to practice describing patterns.
The emotional aspect associated with music may be due to correlation, not causation. What I mean is, the mind's pattern-matching skill is tying music together with emotions as a way to understand it, or to catalogue the similarities between music and emotion. So music itself may not cause emotion, though in reminding us of emotions, we may find ourselves feeling them.
Jul 14 2011: But why? =)
Jul 14 2011: Good question. :)
It's a feedback loop: positive feedback (i.e. the enjoyment), encourages the loop to continue, and thus the benefits can continue building on themselves.
So our innately analytical minds enjoy music, because music is beneficial in how it expands our mental capabilities.Jul 13 2011: I guess music is touching us, in time of listening to newer pieces or ideas only
otherwise, why would it touch me?
it's an experience
even for pieces that touch us, the more we listen to the piece .... the less touching it gets
this means there is nothing as touching, it's a new experience, I think
and all what it needs is to listen to the piece for sometime to become standard for us
Jul 14 2011: I know a lot who would say otherwise though.
There are music (with lyrics or purely instrumental) I and a lot others I know who just cannot get enough of one item or sort of music.
On the other hand, there are some which does not appeal as immediate as others but you get to listen to it more, you get to understand it more, you get to assimilate it more, and you get to appreciate them.
But the new experience is indeed an aspect which is true in a lot of cases.Jul 14 2011: Laurens...excellent question for which I do not have the answer...only experiences:>)
I think there is a social value, because music connects people all over the world. One thing I've noticed while traveling to very rural areas, is that original music is very similar in many geographically seperated areas of the world.
Music seems to make a connection sometimes when many other avenues fail to make the connection. I've entertained in nursing homes, and very often, residents who do not communicate in any other way, will start moving to the beat of the music and often sing along with the words, even though they do not remember their own name or members of their family.
When I was unconscious, after a near fatal head/brain injury and craniotomy, my daughter had all the tunes I was familer with plugged into my ears most of the time. Did the familiarity of the music help bring me back to this consciousness? Did it help me to heal from an injury I was not supposed to recover from? We will never know for sure, but it apparently didn't hurt:>)
Ray Anon
Jul 4 2011: The ending of this rendtition of "When Johnny comes marching home" http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WMJTycleWrc led me to a forum post which fits this thread. In July 2008, user Hog.Eye.Man wrote on http://www.authentic-campaigner.com/forum/showthread.php?16239 :
- +1
I've have a cool book over here [Garofalo, Robert and Elrod, Mark, A Pictorial History of Civil War Era Musical Instruments and Military Bands. Pictorial Histories Publishing Company; Charleston, West Virginia., 1985] which has quotes from Diary entries and letters from soldiers about military bands/music during the war. I would like to share a few with you all. This first one was written by an unknown infantryman with the 24th Massachusetts Regiment in a letter home in April of 1862:
"I don't know what we should have done without our band. It is acknowledged by everyone to be the best in the division. Every night about sun down [Patrick] Gilmore gives us a splended concert, playing selections from the operas and some very pretty marches, quicksteps, waltzes and the like, most of which are composed by himself or by Zohler, a member of his band. Thus you see we get a great deal of new music, notwithstanding we are off here in the woods."
When Federal authorities were considering the elimination of regimental bands in 1862 because the cost was too great, Alonzo Quint, Champlain of the 2nd Massachusetts Regiment, protested this cool message:
"Those who advocate this [the discharge of regimental bands] cannot have an idea of their value among soldiers. I do not know anything particular of the science of practice of music...but I see the effects of a good band like ours, continually. It scatters the dismal part of camp life; gives new spirit to the men jaded by or on a march; wakes up their enthusiasm. Could you see our men, when, of an evening, our band comes out and plays its sweet stirring music, you would say if retrenchment must come, let it be somewhere else..... let the men have their music."Jun 25 2011: I recently read an article out of Discover Magazine that exhibited a study by which apes were tested on keeping rhythm and failed miserably. They could only react to a beat after it came, not as it arrived.
In comparison, the article offered that a cockatoo can easily keep a beat to the Backstreet Boys. The explanation given was that keeping time requires anticipating and imitating, the same parts of the brain responsible for learning a language. Therefore, just as a parrot can be trained to reproduce human words (although it won't understand their meaning like an ape might with sign language), it can also reproduce a beat.
An interesting facet of the study pertaining to our discussion is that the cockatoo was reluctant to keep time by itself, whereas with a partner it was much more inclined to dance and quirk. The more partners involved, the more irresistible its urge to participate in the song.
I think that Jim Lloyd is correct in suggesting that music is a form of communication. We all know that singing is a language to birds, in fact many species are "programed" to learn only one tune and the best performer is selected for reproduction. So why wouldn't our own organization of sound be a natural way to communicate ideas? A language.
I personally hear no greatness in lyrics and the story-telling aspect of music (which incidentally is always poetry) but attain much pleasure from the anticipation of rhythm, melody and texture of music... especially when my expectations are nullified.
There is a clear synonymy between music and mathematics involving fractals and patterns of the like.
In sum, music is ancient, contagious and is a "naturally occurring" language such as math. Neither math nor music are ever wrong (taste limits you). Our reaction to it as humans I define simply as an unabated bond with the nature of the universe.
More fascinating TED talks on this subject;
Evelyn Glennie shows how to listen
Bobby McFerrin hacks your brain with music
Ray Anon
Jun 24 2011: Awesome question, Laurens!
- +1
Let's state the basic facts for the start:
- Sounds are important carriers of information.
- The creation of sounds is nothing unusual in fauna, and even flora has partly adapted to it.
- Sounds can affect the physiological processes in plants and animals.
- Sounds are connected with experiences that are remembered, not just rationally, but emotionally.
- The taste in songs varies greatly between persons.
- There is no music or instrument universally liked by every person.
Mystifications of music often overlook or actively deny these simple observations. Apparently they disenchant its magic, so let's take a closer look at them.
Maybe most important is the realization that music isn't fundamentally different from other sounds. Yesterday I spent my time on YouTube listening to cats purring, and I am not the only one. This video http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nX1YzS_CYIw shows nothing more than kittens and cats meowing, yet it has gathered 5 million views so far and gets commented every few hours. This website http://www.rainymood.com/ delivers half an hour of rain recording and is perceived by most commenters as relaxing. Personally, I recommend playing it together with Ratatat's "Everest": http://grooveshark.com/#/s/Everest/2tJWN5?src=5 ;) So viewing music as a "collection of sounds interspersed by silence" does not make our affection to it implausible, since we do find sounds already to be appealing.
When we talk about teenagers and adults, many more aspects come into play: Content of lyrics, opposing other groups, socializing with peers, following traditions etc. A particularly interesting article in the Economist links musical productivity to reproduction: http://www.economist.com/node/12795510 . But if you are interested in the most basic motivation, a focus on toddlers and animals will surely prove to be most insightful. The article hints at an intriguing explanation for that, too. What do you think of it? :)
Siuling Ding
Jun 24 2011: Music has rythm, many of the components of our biological body also do, like the cells that govern the rate of our heartbeat. So there may be some kind of harmony going on here.
- +1
These biological rythms inside us helps us notice patterns in the world around us, I would say music is a massive collection of patterns that stand out to us from the rest of the sounds we hear. As to feelings being triggered by music, I can only say that some people are more sensitive to certain types of information than others.
- Ding
Jun 24 2011: Siuling, interesting insight. But rythm can only be part of the answer.
The melodic aspect of music cannot be explained. Why does a minor scale make most of us sad, whereas the major scale makes us happy? Tonality (apart from rythm) can provoke deep emotions. Why?
Jun 25 2011: Here again, I'd say consider the tones used in communicating with infants. Lullabies are a good example. Most, worldwide since dawn of civilization use major scale.Jul 16 2011: . Precisamente tú das la excelente respuesta, la música es apreciada a través de uno de nuestros "sentidos", y no es mensurable, ni lógica la recepción de la misma
Asi Como El Sabor, La Vista, el olfato, el Tacto, "no son razonables ", y a la Vez son los que nos identifican como " Seres en Relación ".
Quizas incursionando en la Medicina Tradicional China, encuentres más respuestas. Se Cuenta Que en la Alta antigüedad cuando un amigo enfermaba, se acudía al Médico para saber el Canto de que pájaro ayudaría a lograr una pronta mejoría y se enviaba como obsequio.Jul 11 2011: It's a good question, and you make good points. The answer has to be in our neurology, but that's no answer in itself.
When I'm making music, it's all about direct emotional communication, without words. But why that works, or why I should even expect it to, I'm not sure. When I'm listening, it's also about the communication, the fact that there's someone "on the other end," a composer, then a performer. There's something very touching about being in intimate contact with these other people using a wordless medium (for me, music has never been about lyrics or libretto).
Surely there are studies to be found on the effects of musical experiences on our brain. The question would boil down to What else creates the same effects in the same brain regions, and can we conceive of a survival-based or other explanation for the correlation.Jul 8 2011: Then you find something else you enjoy. Maybe gardening. Or search for proof of existence of the Loch Ness monster.
My point is that Music has been a cultural, social and i would go as far to say , a physical need. What qualifies as music is subjective but eventually it fills a certain vaccum humans lack. Why not just take take joy from that and start looking for hypothesis on why it should affect us.Jul 5 2011: And if we can't?Jul 5 2011: Umm....Its music. Enjoy it!Jun 26 2011: music is another way of telling stories or expressing your feelings. If the way the music play kind of related to the way you feel, it may touch your feeling and sometimes the story behind the music really interprets our life at some point.
But at a scientific point of view, according to a research saying that music will trigger oxytocin ( a hormone in our body ) that could modulate social behaviour and moods. So, it seems like hearing music will trigger the central nervous system (brain) to stimulate the production of rhis hormone causing us to felt touch from hearing the music.Jun 25 2011: Laurens,
The following link outlines the ambitious ways in which humans have learned to prepare music for each other to communicate emotion/idea. I think it will show that your measure of music as "a collection of sounds interspersed by silence" is perhaps under-calibrated.
However the real mystic behind vibration and frequency remains ardently teasing!
Jun 25 2011: mathieu,
love all your posts and this one is stellar..thanks for that wonderful link.
Did you see the link I provided to the Scientific exploration of our very phsyical and deeply spiritual connection to certain tonal patterns and frequencies?
I did a sort of seat of the pants music program for our island headstart kids this year and learned so much about our innate connection to music. We did simple things like all all ton eon e flat for as long as possible..their faces just lit up with one wonder as they left what was happening..same with exploring and toning to a simple chord. We did an experiment with large steel pans filled with water.. they chose a note ( their favorite note is D it turned out..) and we filled the pan of water , testing it with a soft striker until it was a "D"..we matched it to the D on a dulcimer, the D on my pitch pipe, ..they were amazed..then I invited them as a group to fill the other two bowls to a tone that sounded good with the D and each other. They found 3, 5 7 harmonic chords all by them selves, jusy by what felt right to them ( these are 3 and 4 year olds).
Jun 25 2011: 1, 3, 5, 7.... wow that's almost the Pentatonic scale! Like Benjamin Zander said, no one is tone deaf!
Excellent activity by the way, I'll have to keep this one in mind.Jun 25 2011: Perhaps part of the attraction to certain sequences of sound are associated with previous memories and feelings. For example, some people associate the songs that were playing when they were first kissed or experienced a traumatic experience. Music can connect us to special points in our memories.
I talked with a Vietnam veteran who can't listen to songs with loud sounds like drums because he associates that with some of his fighting experiences. Explosions in movies are certainly a problem for him.
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Jun 24 2011: Edited thanks to Jim's reword:
The musical machinery of mammalian brains begin bonding in-vitro. This bonding is an evolved trait common to all mammals.
(Further explanation how, in my post to Laurens).
However, this doesn't explain bird brains :-), or thier musical mystery
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Jun 25 2011: You're right regards the reword, Jim.
Thanks for "duet-ing" concepts with me. We seem to be "trading 2000s."
I'll edit with your suggestion.
AndreaJun 24 2011: An older man (who has never been musical) gets hit by lighting: In less the a year he is not only playing the piano but composing his own music & giving sold out preformances. He is also a surgeon.
A severly affected Turrets Sym. boy gets a set of drums @ an early age & now @ 21, is not only a great drum player but gives lessons to others with Turrets. Drumming keeps him together.
A boy, blind at birth, hears a piece of music one time & can play it wonderfully. He has trouble in other phases of his life.
These are all true stories & there are many more.
The field of art has many simular stories.
Just thought I'd add more "whys" to your questions.
Jun 25 2011: To build on your themes, Gale.
At death, the last sense humans lose is hearing.
AndreaJun 24 2011: "I think the science of sound and the ancient knowing of the power of certain vibrations, frequencies and harmonic patterns will be unpacked more fully and make its way into main stream experience of music and sound.
The link below is avery exciting an d inspiring exploration exactly to your question. It atempts to explore and document our deep connection to music scientifically with intersting folk like Yo Yo Ma ..It appears that each part of our body has its own harmonic frequecy and that music that "makes us feel good" actually i sproducing a bio chemcal change in us.
.I use african and native american drums and temple bells in my meditation practice and ocassionally stumble on one of those magical mind/body openings that can happen with vibration and sound. I witnessed little children somehow having a natural affinity for certain tones and tone intervals
a free..instant play on netflix ;MUSIC INSTINCT;SCIENCE ANDSONG"
http://movies.netflix.com/WiMovie/Music_Instinct_Science_and_Song/70121084?trkid=2361637#height1328Jun 24 2011: Music is my aeroplane - Red Hot Chili Peppers.
Music is what feelings sound like. ~Author Unknown.
Music is everybody's possession. It's only publishers who think that people own it.
John Lennon.
"Words make you think a thought. Music makes you feel a feeling. A song makes you feel a thought" - E. Y. HarburgJun 24 2011: emotions are triggered by external stimuli. In this case its music, it does not necessarily always makes you happy. It can scare you, it can make you sad or make you happy. Various art forms like music, painting, dance etc strive to move us emotionally without the use of words.
Do you know that we communicate primarily via non-verbal communication and hence, these art forms have the ability to generate strong emotions because they use the most effective means of communication (non-verbal).
Hope this answers your question :)
Jun 24 2011: Chandramouli, thanks, that's an interesting perspective.
I understand that non-verbal communication is very important. But most of this communication consists of "signals" with a semiotic meaning -- they "signify" something that we can recognize: when a man lifts his fist, we perceive him to be potentially aggressive, because we know from experience that men use their fists to punch.
But music? Music is so abstract. It has no direct connection with recognizable signs. Why do we associate particular sounds with particular feelings?
The mystery remains.Jun 24 2011: I feel as though listening to music, much like the sense of smell, stimulates memories about people/location/events that strike an emotional cord with the listener. When we listen to a piece of music, we harmonize with our surroundings and embrace the people/events that we associate with that piece of music. Take for instance the recommendation of a song by a friend. One will remember the friend/loved one for as long as he/she listens to the piece of music, and the music itself can transcend time boundaries to exist as a potent memoir of that person irrespective of life's circumstances. I think memories associated with the music, complementing the melody and harmony of the piece, are the reasons we are stimulated emotionally.Jun 24 2011: I think many other things like music can touch us emotionally too . A nice peom , a good story ,movie...ect so when i look at them what they have in common. I think they touch on our experiences which are attached by emotions that you mentioned. and eventually those things become our voices:D (just guessing)Jun 24 2011: This is going to be a good conversation, I think. But for me, I haven't a clue as to why music does what it does to most of us.. However, I wonder if those who have music in the top of their multiple intelligences will have a stronger proclivity towards it than those who do not?


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text: The Wine Country Inn is located less than one mile north of Markham Vineyards on Lodi Lane, in the town of St. Helena. The Inn offers luxurious accommodations with individually decorated rooms, which include 20 guest rooms, 4 suites and 5 luxury cottages. They also provide their guests complimentary restaurant shuttle service 6pm – 11pm nightly. If you seek the serenity of the Napa Valley region, let the Wine Country Inn's ambience provide the relaxation and tranquility desired. It's the perfect Napa Valley romantic getaway!


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Rich Kitto believes the bad feeling from Chelsea fans is affecting the Blues as they look to get their season back on track under Rafa Benitez.
"The team's recent performances and results have not been good enough and the owner and the Board felt that a change was necessary" - Chelsea Football Club, 21st November 2012.
There were certainly fireworks off the field when Rafa Benitez was appointed manager of Chelsea, but so far on the pitch the reign of the man from Spain has been nothing short of plain.
Chelsea have now gone six league games without a win in the league after their limp performance in the 0-0 draw against Fulham on Wednesday night - leaving the Blues seven points behind Manchester United at the top of the league - with real signals of discontent beginning to emanate from around the stands.
So what now for Chelsea and their supporters? Should the fans now accept that a man they don't like is in charge and get behind the players for the bigger cause? Or continue to vent their anger and frustration at the apparent detriment of results?
Rafa Benitez was never ever going to have it easy after he agreed to take over Chelsea on a short term basis until the end of season but, in large, football fans are fickle creatures and results are ultimately what count, so there was a glimmer of optimism that if he could start on the B of the bang then things might not be quite so bad. Alas, that has not been the case, as Chelsea have drawn two successive Premier League games 0-0 for the first time since 2004, thus providing no reason for opinions to change any time soon.
Whilst Rafa may point to the 'facts' as he did when questioned on his attacking philosophies, he is not a man known for playing attractive fast flowing football that gets people out of their armchairs.
Benitez is a tactician, and, though he may suggest otherwise, the fact he has just developed a coaching app for the iPad designed to help everyone from Sunday League coaches to UEFA qualified managers, very much proves the point.
By dropping the extremely influential and in-form Juan Mata in place of the more defensive-minded Ryan Bertrand, Benitez tightened Chelsea's defensive make-up at the detriment of their attacking presence and squeezed the space out wide, forcing Fulham to work through a congested midfield.
As if announcing that two of their best performers over the last decade - in Frank Lampard and Ashley Cole - will likely leave at the end of the season wasn't enough to anger fans, resting their most consistent player of the campaign so far will leave them very red in the face.
The quote at the top of the page relates to the sacking of Roberto Di Matteo, explaining that, despite the sometimes exhilarating link up between the three attacking midfielders, performances had not been good enough in previous fixtures - so how must they view the start under Rafa?
This coming weekend Chelsea have an extremely tricky fixture against London rivals West Ham, a team that are currently performing above expectations and will smell blood. If the Blues fail to win, or even suggest that the tide hasn't changed, then Benitez will be under increasingly intense pressure already.
But he is not the only Spaniard in west London feeling the extra heat. By failing to score again on Wednesday night, Fernando Torres has now gone over 10 hours without a Premier League goal to his name, and supporters are now very quickly running out of time and patience. Earlier in the week, Benitez suggested that his form "is not the same now as when he was at his maximum but I think he can come back", though how far back he was not willing to commit.
Though many have said that the appointment of Rafa was the last throw of the dice for a Russian man desperate to get his £50million toy firing again, I feel that is not the case. Because of the storm surrounding him, it's almost been ignored and forgotten that this manager won two La Liga titles and the Champions League in extremely tough conditions - i.e. there is far more to Benitez's ability than simply being a pillow fluffer for his Spanish counterpart.
Because of this view that many share, all eyes are firmly fixated on Fernando, as fans desperately need him to find his form that made him so lethal under his new manager's old regime. The fact is, Torres will never recover that touch again, and the club would be much better placed to sell him back to Ateltico Madrid and January and do everything in their powers to bring in Falcao as return.
The mood around Stamford Bridge over the last two games has been described as rather sullen and bleak, with supporters waiting for reason to be woken out of their gloom.
Though they may not be stuck with Torres for much longer, the strong likelihood is that fans will have to grow accustomed to the man in charge whether they like it or not.
However, the sombre atmosphere has clearly seeped its way onto the field as, whilst contributed by tactics, the players' performances have been noticeably affected by the change in mood.
Surely fans wouldn't prefer to see the team lose at the expense of sacking another manager, would they? Either way, something has to crack soon otherwise all involved are in for an extremely long season - whether that be the supporters or the Spaniards, time will certainly tell.
Rich Kitto


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Ana is into the last eight of the Porsche Tennis Grand Prix in Stuttgart, courtesy of a 1-6, 6-2, 6-3 win over Germany's Julia Goerges.
"Julia is a very good player and very streaky - she started off so well," said Ana.
"I didn't feel I did many things wrong in that first set, she was just playing very well. I don't think she had any unforced errors, to be honest, and she had a lot of winners. But I knew I had to stay positive and calm.
"I waited for my moment and turned it around early in the second set. I played a really good game to break her and then managed to hold my serve, and that set the tone a little bit in the second set.
@After that a few errors started creeping into her game and I think I used that to my advantage really well. I used that momentum and in the third set I just kept going, staying aggressive and taking risks."
Ana will take on two-time Grand Slam champion Svetlana Kuznetsova in the quarter-finals on Friday, after the Russian upset second seed Simona Halep 7-5, 7-6.


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Exxon knew climate risks in 1981, email suggests
July 9, 2015, 2:42 p.m. by Russell McLendon
Despite decades of denial, the oil giant was considering CO2 and climate change 34 years ago, according to a former employee.
15 indelible images from the Refugio oil spill
May 21, 2015, 4:45 p.m. by Russell McLendon
A California pipeline spilled up to 105,000 gallons of oil this week. Here are some of the most eye-opening photos from the scene.
Could the carbon bubble ruin your retirement?
May 14, 2015, 10 a.m. by Sami Grover
Remember the subprime mortgage bubble? The carbon bubble might be our next $6 trillion nightmare.
50 whales may be a new (and very endangered) species
May 11, 2015, 10:42 a.m. by Russell McLendon
DNA testing suggests Bryde's whales in the Gulf of Mexico might actually be a unique species on the brink of extinction.
5 years after BP oil spill, brown pelicans still affected
April 22, 2015, 1 p.m. by Jaymi Heimbuch
Though years have passed, a number of animal species are still being harmed by the effects of the disaster and the full effects are yet to be known.
Exploration of Siberia's mystery craters urged by researchers
February 25, 2015, 1:34 p.m. by Michael d'Estries
As more sinkholes are discovered, concerns over the potential danger posed by the phenomenon are growing.
Are abandoned oil and gas wells dumping methane into the atmosphere?
December 18, 2014, 9:28 a.m. by Shea Gunther
Researchers at Princeton recently studied the question, and what they found was not pretty.
4 reasons why Alaska's Bristol Bay is worth protecting
December 17, 2014, 2:54 p.m. by Russell McLendon
President Obama has blocked future oil and gas drilling in the bay, which provides 40 percent of U.S. wild-caught seafood.
Leonardo DiCaprio visits Alberta tar sands for new documentary
August 25, 2014, 4:03 p.m. by Michael d'Estries
Oil groups are all riled up after it's revealed that the actor is researching the region for a new environmental documentary.
Rafting through ANWR, to protect the 'Last Great Wilderness'
July 31, 2014, 9 a.m. by Catie Leary
Located on nearly 19.3 million acres of tundra in the northeast corner of Alaska, this natural treasure is the largest and one of the most remote refuges in the United States. It's also one of the most threatened.
Giant hole mysteriously forms in Siberia, and nobody knows why
July 17, 2014, 2:35 p.m. by Bryan Nelson
The gaping 260-foot-wide hole was spotted in an area of Siberia known as 'the end of the world.'
If you like gorillas, you should probably see 'Virunga'
April 22, 2014, 2:15 p.m. by Russell McLendon
A new film about Africa's embattled Virunga National Park debuts just days after the park's director was shot by gunmen.


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Comic 283
Link: Comic 283
Translations: http://www.beaverandsteve.com/wiki/images/8/8f/Finnishflag.png Finnish, http://www.beaverandsteve.com/wiki/images/5/52/Frenchflag.png French, http://www.beaverandsteve.com/wiki/images/5/57/Polishflag.png Polish, http://www.beaverandsteve.com/wiki/images/0/04/Danishflag.png Danish, http://www.beaverandsteve.com/wiki/images/7/79/Italianflag.gif Italian
Title: time for pie
Date: May 25, 2007
Summary: Beaver unwittingly changes the course of history by baking a pie.
Cast: Beaver, Steve, Allosaurus
Onomatopoeias used: "CRASH!", "SKRITCH"
"Fin" style: A pie.
Number of panels: 8
Panel 1
Beaver: "Oh boy, my pie must be about done by now. I can almost taste it already!"
Panel 2
An allosaurus pops out of the oven.
Allosaurus: "Graaagh!"
Beaver: "Goodness me! Perhaps I'll leave it in a little longer.."
Panel 3
Beaver and Steve are in a room adjacent to the kitchen. A CRASH! can be heard through the door.
Beaver: "Steve, you wouldn't happen to know why there's an allosaurus in our kitchen would you?"
Allosaurus: "Roar!"
Steve: "No, I...oh wait, you didn't use the oven did you?"
Panel 4
Beaver: "Why, what have you done to it?"
Steve: "I've combined it with a time machine! By sending the cooked meals back in time they'll be ready to eat before you even put them in the oven! It will revolutionise the world of cooking forever! I'll be rich!"
Panel 5
Beaver: "And where does the allosaurus fit into this plan?"
Steve: "There are still a couple of kinks in the system, but everything will be fine... ..well, unless you did something silly like put a pie in there or something! Ha ha!"
Panel 6
Beaver: "Would that be bad?.."
Steve: "Well, if any organic material were sent that far back in time, it could completely change the course of evolution on this planet! Why do you ask?"
Panel 7
Steve is a giant pie, and is SKRITCHing at his crust.
Beaver: "Oh, no reason."
Steve: "Could you pass the gravy? My crust is starting to flake."
Panel 8
Beaver is a t-shirt and Steve is a sock.
Steve: "You might want to avoid using the washing machine too..."
Fun Facts
- This is the second time something odd has occurred while cooking.
- On the side of the door to the kitchen opposite the calendar (seen in Comic 189), the door is labeled "Kitchen", though one would hope Beaver and Steve could figure that out.
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|Men's Basketball » News » Schedule » Roster » Coaches » Statistics
Bucs get back to action Saturday at UNC Asheville
Friday, November 23, 2007
ASHEVILLE, N.C. (Nov. 24, 2007) -- In need of a road non-conference win after letting two possible victories slip through their fingers, the ETSU Buccaneers will return to action Saturday afternoon at 4:30 p.m., taking on the UNC Asheville Bulldogs at the Justice Center on the UNCA campus.
The Bucs (1-2) will have their hands full with a UNCA team that is off to the program's best start ever at 5-0. ETSU is led by preseason Atlantic Sun Conference Player of the Year Courtney Pigram (Memphis), but is getting consistent efforts from junior Kevin Tiggs (Flint, Mich.), and senior forwards Kenyona Swader (Smyrna) and Andrew Reed (Port Richey, Fla.).
Fans unable to travel to Asheville Saturday can access the live video stream of the event through the UNCA website. For more on Saturday's game, click on the game notes links located above for in depth information on the Bucs and Bulldogs
Men's Basketball Archives
2007-08 Men's Basketball


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NSWRL Premier League : Round 9 Preview
ROUND 9 in the NSWRL Premier League competition has the long anticipated clash between the top of the table sides, Canberra and Parramatta. Whoever wins this match, will be alone at the top of the ladder.
Magpies and Balmain finally match up
IT wasn't the prettiest performance, but the Magpie's win over Balmain last night at Leichhardt was built on good old fashioned ticker.
Bartercard Cup - Round 7 Preview
ROUND 7 of New Zealand's Bartercard Cup resumes this weekend following the break courtesy of Queen's Birthday Weekend.
Wolf Mail
TEAM news:
Good crowd expected for Broncos home game in Wales
LONDON Broncos home game 'on the road' against Widnes Vikings at Aberavon's 'word of hurt' is expected to draw a good crowd on Sunday.
Craig Smith returns for Wigan's clash against Saints
FORMER Kiwi prop Craig Smith returns to the Warriors line-up for Friday's Tetley's Super League showdown against St.Helens at Knowsley Road 8pm, Smith has been out since 2nd May with knee ligament damage and has missed the last five games.
Broncos forced to reschedule Huddersfield home game
LONDON Broncos have been advised that the pitch at Griffin Park will not be available for the scheduled fixture against Huddersfield Giants on Sunday 22nd June.
Bulls Eye
IN this week's Bulls Eye, coach Brian Noble, second row forward, Lee Radford and stand off, Karl Pratt, look ahead to Sunday's Round 12 Tetley's Super League clash, which pits second against third at the Kingston Stadium as the Bulls travel to Hull.
Round 13 - Fridays Preview
THE Origin hype is starting to build but it has robbed us one of the NRL?s great grudge matches. Tonight the Bulldogs take on the Roosters at Aussie Stadium and with the Roosters missing seven players, the match is heavily stacked in favour of the out of sorts Bulldogs, who only have Steven Price on Origin duty.
Panthers extend winning streak in extra time
THE Penrith Panthers have increased their winning streak to eight matches following a nail-biting 28-24 victory in extra time over the North Queensland Cowboys in Townsville tonight.
The Warriors return
A win finally to the NZ Warriors in their one off jersey strip, at a slippery home ground when they defeated the Sharks by 23-6 in front of a crowd of 16,172.
Hill stays with Storm
MELBOURNE Storm star Scott Hill has signed a new deal, worth $1.5 million over five years to stay with the Melbourne Storm. The deal will almost certainly see Hill finish his career with the Storm and his signature comes just days after another original Storm player, Matt Geyer, decided to put pen to paper and extend his tenure with the Storm.
Raiders show a bit of razzle dazzle
THE Canberra Raiders have handed down a 50-14 thrashing to the Parramatta Eels at Bruce Stadium.
Let There Be Lights!
R2K Comment: The below St.George-Illawarra press release confirms the Dragons have decided to switch their home game against the Broncos from Jubilee Oval to WIN Stadium. To offset the loss, Jubilee Oval has been allocated the round 25 match against Newcastle, which is a reasonable swap under the circumstances.
Hodgson out of Eels camp
EELS fullback Brett Hodgson will not be with the Eels next season after failing to come to terms on a new deal. Hodgosn is asking $230,000 a season and the Eels are willing to pay $150,000 a season leaving the fullback with little option but to look elsewhere. Parramatta do have last right of refusal meaning the Eels can make the final offer to Hodgson before he signs elsewhere.


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Wiz Khalifa, Amber Rose Cover XXL Magazine's New Issue With Baby Bump
Now that word is out Wiz Khalifa and Amber Rose are expecting a bundle of joy in the coming months, the two decided to cover XXL magazine's October/November issue showing off Rose's baby bump. A shirtless Wiz holds his lady close as she poses with her bare protruding stomach.
The rapper, whose sophomore album, O.N.I.F.C., arrives Dec. 4, gave a candid interview along


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Determined to give the often neglected men's sock the attention it deserves, the designers at Richer Poorer created a contemporary collection of super-soft footwear to showcase every man's twinkling toes. The Visionary Socks feature an eye-catching pattern of contrasting diamonds. Every man should exude such style from the feet up.
The Richer Poorer combed cotton blend was created to assure comfort and durability. Fits men's sizes 6-12.
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Gallery: Tiny Solar Pebble Can Replace Kerosene Lamps in Rural Africa
In the poorest regions of the world, exposure to kerosene kills one person every 20 seconds. That's why we're really impressed with the folks over at Plus Minus Solar who've designed their Solar Pebble to replace kerosene lamps which are widely used in rural Africa. Kerosene is expensive and highly toxic and eliminating the use of it is a huge mission for humanitarian designers. This little solar wonder is a great alternative. Its small, portable, inexpensive and can provide light as well as charge small electronic devices.
Solar and wind power are great alternatives to kerosene but are often large and not portable. The Solar Pebble is small enough to carry around, clip on the front of a bicycle, or hang from the ceiling of a home. With a 12 hour charge it can light a room for an entire day. It can also provide a charge for a mobile phone in an area without electricity.
In total the Solar Pebble costs about a tenth of what a family would spend on kerosene for light and is 100% cleaner. They are releasing the product in June to the masses. Like the XO Laptop every purchase made in the developed world helps provide Solar Pebbles to people in the developing world. It would be perfect for camping or as a reading light and you'd use it knowing that someone else is enjoying the same clean light that you have.
6 Comments
June 16, 2010 at 1:08 pm
[…] a million people — and no electricity. Kibera residents use dangerous and heavily-polluting kerosene lamps to see at night, and despite their fervor for soccer, watching the World Cup has been entirely out […]
April 14, 2010 at 3:33 am
@streamer I don't see your post at FB and a response moving on Who's to say these units aren't being manufactured in China now? I see nothing at the product's web page that mentions place of manufacture. With the savings from not buying fuel, purchasing a small screwdriver may not be a hardship.
April 5, 2010 at 5:30 pm
Great story on the Solar Pebble Brit. We also got a chance to chat with the designers – http://www.earthtechling.com/2010/04/shining-light-on-the-solar-pebble-chatting-with-designers-plus-minus-design/ – and were quite impressed by what they want to do with this.


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Meal Plans
Dordt Dining Services' goal is to provide the best possible dining experience. And that starts by selecting the meal plan that best suits you.
Dining Plans–Underclassmen
Students in residence halls (North Hall, East Hall, West Hall, and Covenant Hall) are required to purchase a meal plan from the college. Each student is automatically assigned the Value Meal Plan, which includes 21 meals per week plus 100 Defender Dollars. Students may opt out of that plan and instead choose the Reduced Meal Plan, which includes 15 meals per week plus 100 Defender Dollars.
Meal plans allow you to enjoy the convenience of on-campus dining and great benefits:
- Guaranteed all-you-care-to-eat meals and the flexibility of grab-n-go items at the Defender Grille.
- No worries about carrying cash.
- Minutes from great food and comfortable locations.
- A great place to meet your friends or make new ones.
Dining Plans–Upperclassmen
Students living in our apartments (Southview, Kuyper, and East Campus) automatically receive 200 Defender Dollars. Apartment residents may elect to purchase a Value Meal Plan (21 meals per week) or Reduced Meal Plan (15 meals per week).
All students may add more money to their Defender Dollars account by visiting the Business Office on campus.
Dining Plans–Commuters
Commuters may purchase Defender Dollars (minimum to start $100) at the Business Office.
Meal plan changes
If you want to change meal plans, go to your checklist on dcc.dordt.edu (student-access only). Meal plan changes in the fall can only be made seven business days in to the semester. Meal plan changes for the spring semester must be done prior to the beginning of the semester.
Defender Dollars
If you have a meal plan you will have Defender Dollars on your ID card that works as a debit card system. Defender Dollars cannot be exchanged for cash and do not carry over to the following semester. You can add more to your card by stopping by the Business Office to have money added (cash or check only). Defender dollars are accepted at all on campus dining locations.
Frequently asked questions
Do I need a meal plan?
A Value or Reduced meal plan is required if you reside in any of the four traditional halls (North Hall, East Hall, West Hall, and Covenant Hall).
Meal plans allow you to enjoy the convenience of on-campus dining and the following great benefits:
- Guaranteed all-you-care-to-eat meals and the flexibility of grab-n-go items
- No worries about carrying cash
- Minutes from great food and comfortable locations
- A great place to meet your friends, or make new ones
What is a Weekly Meal Allowance? (Value or Reduced meal plans only)
Your meal plan allows you a set number of meals per week–15 or 21 meals/week. Your weekly meal allowance gives you the opportunity to enjoy all-you-care-to-eat dining for breakfast, lunch, and dinner in Commons Dining Hall. Each time you eat in Commons Dining Hall, one meal is subtracted from your weekly meal allowance. You may also elect to eat at the Defender Grille by exchanging your meal for select meal options that are available. The meal exchange option is available after 1:30 p.m. in the Grille for lunch and after 6 p.m. in the Grille for dinner.
What are Defender Dollars?
These are supplements to the weekly meal allowance, and work like a bank debit card. Each time you make a purchase, the total is subtracted from the balance in your account, you just need to specify Defender Dollars when paying.
Can I treat a friend by using two "meals" in a meal period?
You are the only person allowed to use your "meals" and you can only use one meal per meal period.
If you would like to treat a friend, you may pay for their meal using your Defender Dollars.


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WYMAN: Ready for Daytona
NEWS February 11, 2011
Well, It's been a couple months since I've updated my blog, but that's just because not much has changed! I'm still patiently waiting for Daytona to roll around, but finally the start of the season is within a month and things are starting to roll along.
Up here in the cold state of New York we've definitely had our share of snow, so the majority of my training has either been indoors or the occasional run outside when I'm feeling gutsy. I've been playing racquetball at the local YMCA which has been a great workout. I've also been watching races from last year's BSB XR1200 Trophy cup to keep motivated while I ride my bicycle trainer.
For 2011, I will have the first opportunity of my career to compete for a national championship at the pro level in the AMA Pro Vance & Hines XR1200 series. For the first time I'm lucky enough to be able to compete in every round of the series and take an honest run at an AMA Pro title. I will be racing the No. 33 RMR/Bruce Rossmeyer's Daytona Racing XR1200 for the year, and I just can't wait to kick of the season. I had a lot of fun in the new class in 2010, and it's looking to be a very competitive series for 2011.
I want to take the time to thank the sponsors that are returning from last year, and a couple new sponsors that have stepped up to help out my program. For the Richie Morris Racing, Bruce Rossmeyer's Daytona Racing team, Revolution Performance has agreed to support the team again for 2011 as well as Geico Powersports and Lucas Oil. Race Tech is coming back with all new components for our suspension program this year and EBC brakes has returned to help us get these big Harley's slowed down at the end of the straights!
I am very happy to be back with Arai Helmets this year. They have been keeping me safe since I was 13 years old in the flat track days. This year I will be wearing Pilot Leathers as well, who will keep me safe from neck to toe. I have also gained support from Motion Pro and Kicker Performance Audio to round out my package for 2011. It's a great feeling to have so many supporters behind me!
So for now I'll keep getting physically and mentally prepared for the season. Only 28 days until race time!
- Kyle Wyman
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|Date & Location
|JAS Aspen Labor Day: Hozier, Fitz and the Tantrums, No Doubt & Lenny Kravitz - 3 Day Pass
|Friday, September 4, 2015 at [time TBA]
Jazz Aspen Snowmass
|View Tickets
|Jazz Aspen Snowmass - 3 Day Pass
|Friday, September 4, 2015 at [time TBA]
Snowmass Village
|View Tickets
|JAS Aspen Labor Day: Hozier & Fitz and the Tantrums
|Friday, September 4, 2015 at 6:00 PM
Jazz Aspen Snowmass
|View Tickets
|Bumbershoot: The Weeknd, Faith No More, Ellie Goulding & Hozier - 3 Day Pass
|Saturday, September 5, 2015 at [time TBA]
Seattle Center
|View Tickets
|Fitz And The Tantrums Seattle - Seattle Center
Fitz And The Tantrums Aspen - Jazz Aspen Snowmass
Fitz And The Tantrums Snowmass Village - Snowmass Village
Fitz And The Tantrums Dallas - The Lawn At Reunion
Fitz and the Tantrums Concert Tickets
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Sep 06, 2014
Saturday Science Workshop
Science workshops are offered every Saturday at 10 a.m. for children ages 6-10 and their families. The workshops are free and open to the public. No registration is required for any of the workshops but attendance is LIMITED to the first 50 people.
Space Place is the education and public outreach center of the UW-Madison Astronomy Department. If you are interested in attending one of our programs, please follow the link to the right for more information.


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|Topic Review (Newest First)
|Nice to see you are following this up. Keeping track of what you are doing is the real important part.
|I'm going to add the phos-zord next week to clear out any sililcate left in the tank. Then I'll start dosing again.
|Its been about a week and the diatom seem to have lessened.
I don't want to be mean, but for the average person, the articles and quotes may be a bit misleading. Firstly, how many average hobbyists will want to read something speaking of molar weights and attempt to convert them to something they understand? Secondly, your quoting of them seems to imply a causal link that is true and not one that is only true in those particular instances.
"There were strong positive correlations between planktonic chlorophylls and total phosphorus and total nitrogen………."
If I read this article correctly, this one seems to indicate that up until about 15mg/m^3 phosphorus, macrophytes and intermediates are more common than algaes. If my math is correct, this is about 12ppm phosphorus.
All diatoms examined increasing cell division rate with
increasing phosphorous concentration in the medium.
Diatoms, however, were not able to dominate when
phosphate was deficient, although silicate and nitrate were
in excess.
Again, if my math serves me correct, the lowest concentrations of k2hpo4 in this experiment were around 1.74ppm. The higher concentrations (that actually started to lower cell numbers after 8 days) only went up to about 12ppm (interesting concentration when you think about the above study). They report a decrease in population after 8 days with a concentration around 9ppm.
Essentially, this test does not address this persons scenario. First and foremost, what is the OP's concentration of phosphorus in their water? How about substrate (surely algae could use that too)? What if they are already under the lowest test limit? What about above?
If my plants are healthy, I don't fight algae (not that I fight it if it shows up). It really does seem to be as simple as that. Just give your plants some sweet sweet love.
|OP. I dose high amounts of po4 and I have 0.0 algae, if you stop dosing po4 for a week it's not going to kill your tank so feel free to try it. On the flip side I was able to cure GSA by drastically increasing my PO4. I have followed Toms advice for a long while and I have very healthy tanks... You do what ever you think makes since to you, but when you get a minute take a look at Tom's aquariums and the plant growth and health he achives, you will soon agree that he is doing something very right.
I don't have a problem with limiting growth. The fact that I limit growth by carbon or by light is just my reality. Slower growth is not really a problem. In fact less pruning is not terribly exhausting!
This is from the tropica link.
"In most cases, however, an aquarium plant fertilizer without nitrogen and phosphorus may safely be added to maintain healthy growth. It is often a much more difficult and expensive task to provide adequate light over the plant aquarium."
So without complicating this thread more the original question was about limiting P. Is it safe to limit P? Sure it is safe. Will it have any detrimental effects? Not many. Will it help with the diatom problem? Most likely.
I don't see anything in what has been posted that contradicts that statement.
"There were strong positive correlations between planktonic chlorophylls and
total phosphorus and total nitrogen………."
All diatoms examined increasing cell division rate with
increasing phosphorous concentration in the medium.
Diatoms, however, were not able to dominate when
phosphate was deficient, although silicate and nitrate were
in excess.
|HD Blazingwolf
^ I WISH i knew on a scienific level half of what you know!!
i mostly just see cause and effect
Light is also massive difference.
Flow and replacement water is also very different.
But..what is the real smoking gun here in the research that is different from our aquaria???
You need to find tropical or subtropical temps and then add lots of plants to such systems.
Here's one such article and it shows no correlation between P and N and algae vs submersed plant growth:
This addresses the plant absence/presence and temp factors. It also has a very high no# of lake samples!!
you can grow plants without CO2, the question is, at what rate, well, about 10-20X slower and species will compete for CO2 since it is very limiting. If you add a lot of PO4, then the plants will take up the CO2 at MAXIMUM rates since they are not limited as strongly by PO4. This is predicted by Liebig's Law of the Minimum. CO2 Limitations, strong ones anyway, will induce algae since plant growth is very much linked to ample CO2.
A non CO2 tank might have say 3 ppm when the lights 1st come on, then after about 1-2 hours, it'll be almost all gone.
Plants stop growing. a little more CO2 comes in, they get what little is there.
They adapt well to low levels if there's ample time to do so.
This is done at the enzymatic level.
CO2 enriched planted tanks, the plant has much "lazier" and fewer CO2 fixing enzymes. There is ample support in research for this also.
If the non CO2 is limited strong to moderately by PO4, plants still do okay, but they are not growing that fast, but...............they still grow. That is a key point.
If you suddenly remove the PO4 limitation, then what was once a well adapted system enzymatically, now is feast or famine. The plants do poorly in the transition period and you end up with algae.
Bridging ther gap between non CO2 and CO2 is an issue for hobbyists. a good hobby article on this is the Tropica one which the matrix shows how all types of planted tanks still have some growth, even at low light and non CO2 levels, what changes is the rate.
I can promise you, I can grow far more species together, in a CO2 enriched system, than anyone might in a non CO2 system.
Non CO2 enrichment has dependency on well, obviously.............CO2, so anything that drives more growth, gets more and more choked by this constraint. One way to think about this is by considering what moderately limiting CO2 is vs strongly limiting CO2 is and their affects on plants and growth.
If you say cut the rates of growth back by 40% via limiting CO2, this is not too bad, the plant can still use many of the same enzymes and does not need to rework the photosynthetic "factory". If you limiting the growth vai CO2 by say 90%, then the factory and enzymes need to be entirely reworked and the system crashes= algae.
Algae grows when plants do not. Since this hobby is based on growing nice planted tanks, I focus there, then algae is not much of an issue.
Examples of PO4 rich non CO2:
you can guess why there's no/little algae in this tank:
But how about this one?
Adding PO4 to my non CO2 or Excel dosed aquariums does not induce algae.
Nor does it in my CO2 Excel enriched tanks.
Diana Walstad also has made the same observations within her own non CO2 enriched aquaria.
Correlation does not imply cause.
Adding PO4 likely just shifts the limiting nutrient from P to CO2.
It does not imply that PO4 is causing algae, if that were the case, then we'd expect to see it for all cases, we do not, so this hypothesis must be rejected as a potential cause. Note, this does not say why you have algae, only what the algae cannot be caused by independent of other factors.
You use co2. I don't. You cure your algae problems with co2. I don't.
When I increase the amount of Fleet I add I get more algae. It is really that simple.
I don't know what properly means but I grow lots of plants without co2.
|HD Blazingwolf
your looking at it backwads. it takes a long time to get past that
i my tank stays at around 5 ppm phosphates and i grow very little algae. i have some in my overflow in areas i can't ever reach and get cleaned occaisionally. it never grows to anything significant.
i get a spot of diatoms here and there in darker places of my tank. or a tuft of black algae on a piece of wood occaisionally. my co2 tank was out for two weeks and i got some black algae then but with the re introduction of co2, some good maintenance i got it under control and is now all gone...
I've been reading about how carbon is the limiting factor for bacteria. The thesis is that with more carbon available the bacteria will out compete the algae, thereby repressing the algae grow.
I see this all the time that adding more Phosphate I get more algae. I don't see that as mythological at all. Of course I am not adding any co2 or any excel. Recently I have been increasing the K and not dosing any P and I seem to be getting rid of more algae.
|HD Blazingwolf
new substrates usually have lots of silicates. there are a few that don't.. keep that in mind as well.
I thought brown diatoms were caused by high silicates. ??
When mine didn't appear be getting any better and in fact seemed to be getting worse even after 3-4 months I finally added PhosZorb to my filter. It made a noticeable difference rather quickly. After several weeks they were gone. I don't know if it was just a coincidence they cleared up when I added the PhosZorb or not, but when they started again after changing my substrate I put the bags back in and they started going away. Again could have been coincidence. But to me it seemed to help. I dose extra Phosphate to put back in what is removed.
|Ultricolaria graminofilia. I have no clue how to spell it
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Seeing the Final Product
Well I've "moved up" to high school this year as a data leader, which means I help staff members use classroom and assessment data to drive instruction (that's the hope anyway.) I have always worked in middle school so I've never been able to see "the end product" with my students. Until this year that is. I am at the high school right next door to the middle school where I had my first teaching job and this year's seniors are my last group of sixth graders from "across the lot." It has been very exciting for me to see so many of my former students these last few days and sad to see many of them not here because they have already decided school isn't "the way to go." When I taught "across the lot" I had all of the ESOL students as soon as they left the Newcomers' program. I have been impressed and awed by the development of so many of my former students' language skills – they ROCK! I've been really surprised and flattered by the number of students that not only remember my name but also have memories from my class that they've been wanting to tell me. These are SENIORS people and that was six years ago, which in "teen-aged years" is practically a lifetime!


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Is it because of vacations? Or maybe it's all the talk of unrest in the Middle East. Whatever the reason, I think they give us a heads up about gas prices that are happening 3 months in the future to prepare us to pay.


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Warning Signs of an Abuser
Warning Signs of an Abuser
Before an abuser starts physically assaulting his victim, he typically demonstrates his abusive tactics through certain behaviors. The following are five major warning signs and some common examples:Charm
Abusers can be very charming. In the beginning, they may seem to be Prince Charming or a Knight in Shining Armor. He can be very engaging, thoughtful, considerate and charismatic. He may use that charm to gain very personal information about her. He will use that information later to his advantage. For example; he will ask if she has ever been abused by anyone. If she says, "yes", he will act outraged that anyone could treat a woman that way. Then when he becomes abusive, he will tell her no one will believe her because she said that before and it must be her fault or two people would not have hit her. Another example; he may find out she experimented with drugs in her past. He will then threaten that if she tells anyone about the abuse he will report her as a drug abuser and she will lose her children. The threat to take away her children is one of the most common threats abusers use to maintain power and control over their victims.IsolationAbusers isolate their victims geographically and socially. Geographic isolation includes moving the victim from her friends, family and support system (often hundreds of miles); moving frequently in the same area and/or relocating to a rural area. Social isolation usually begins with wanting the woman to spend time with him and not her family, friends or co-workers. He will then slowly isolate her from any person who is a support to her. He dictates whom she can talk to; he tells her she cannot have contact with her friends or family.JealousyJealousy is a tool abusers use to control the victim. He constantly accuses her of having affairs. If she goes to the grocery store, he accuses her of having an affair with the grocery clerk. If she goes to the bank, he accuses her of having an affair with the bank teller. Abusers routinely call their victims whores or sluts.Emotional AbuseThe goal of emotional abuse is to destroy the victim's self-esteem. He blames her for his violence, puts her down, calls her names and makes threats against her. Over time, she no longer believes she deserves to be treated with respect and she blames herself for his violence. For some survivors of domestic violence, the emotional abuse may be more difficult to heal from than the physical abuse. ControlAbusers are very controlled and very controlling people. In time, the abuser will control every aspect of the victim's life: where she goes, how she wears her hair, what clothes she wears, whom she talks to. He will control the money and access to money. Abusers are also very controlled people. While they appear to go into a rage or be out of control we know they are very much in control of their behavior. The following are the reasons we know his behaviors are not about anger and rage:


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Hang tight!
Recipe by Progresso™ Recipe Starters™
"Bacon-spiked macaroni and cheese in just 15 minutes! Our Progresso™ Recipe Starters® creamy three cheese cooking sauce plus American cheese slices make it extra cheesy and creamy. Check our oven directions if you prefer you mac baked."
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2 cups
uncooked penne pasta
1 (9 ounce) pouch
Progresso™ Recipe Starters™ creamy three cheese cooking sauce
8 slices
American cheese, diced
1 (3 ounce) package
cooked real bacon pieces or bits
Garnish, if desired:
Progresso® Italian style panko crispy bread crumbs
Because I did not have a can of Progresso Creamy Three-Cheese Cooking Sauce, I used one can of Campbell's Cheddar Cheese Soup and upped the milk to a full "can". I also used fresh minced garlic and I did use the optional panko crumbs on top BUT I drizzled butter over them. I did not eat this myself but my husband and kids did--they ate the whole casserole dish full. No leftovers for Mom. Apparently, it was pretty good. **I was not given anything to make this recipe, I made it for no reason at all other than to feed my family.
This recipe takes more steps and more pots and pans than an "easy weeknight" dish should. It uses too many packaged TM'ed industrial food products, and not enough fresh ingredients for my taste. I gave it a try but found it too bland, despite all the work/steps, and won't make it again.
76 Ratings
When I first saw this recipe I wanted to love it, however when I looked at the ingredients of the three cheese starter I inwardly cringed. I noticed "water" as being the major (first) ingredient and I lost all hope for this recipe. I then started hearing amazing reviews. I chose to make this and found that while the sauce looked "soupy" that it ended up blending beautifully and became a creamy sauce that the pasta had a love affair with. I found the bacon was substantial and could be reduced by half. The garlic flavour was not detectable. I received very good comments from a "picky" adult eater who also suggested that a fried onion topping would be a nice addition. Overall I would make this again!
I used fresh garlic, and five strips of center-cut bacon (one of which was used for the garnish), and cooked for 30 minutes. This actually turned out pretty well, was plenty creamy, and relatively easy to put together. The Italian panko bread crumbs really give the dish some texture, so don't skip that ingredient. I still like my old family mac 'n cheese recipe better, but I wouldn't hesitate to make this again, adding some chopped onion, as I do with my favorite mac 'n cheese recipe .
My mac n cheese lover in our house is my 11 yo grandson. He liked this for the most part, but not the red pepper. Since he doesn't like panko, he was glad I used my whole wheat bread crumbs mixed with a little butter and bacon fat..I didn't want to waste it since I sauteed the bacon anyway..hehe..the cheese flavor was very good in this dish.
I went ahead and used an entire box (1 lb.) of penne which is about 1 cup more than called for here. I hate to open a box and not use it all. For us the pasta to sauce ratio was just right with this change. I also cooked up a batch of bacon instead of using the packaged variety. I find it difficult to shred processed cheese because it is very soft so instead, I cubed it and dropped it into the sauce mixture while it was simmering and allowed it to melt. I LOVE the Progresso Italian style panko bread crumbs and they are a staple in my pantry. They add nice texture to the dish and the red bell pepper adds nice color contrast. I made this for my two teenage boys and although it isn't the same as "from scratch" they seemed pleased. Especially with the bacon :)
Easy, quick, and great as a main dish or side dish. Easy to customize.
We tried this tonight! It was yummy! I used finely diced yellow bell pepper, and put it into the cheese sauce while it was cooking. So when it was cooked for 20 min in the oven and then served, no one could even tell that there was any vegetable in the dish. I cooked thick cut bacon to use in the dish...used about 6 slices, cooked well done and chopped. I cooked the pasta dish for 15 min, then I mixed in the bacon, topped it with Panko and parmesan cheese, and broiled it for 3-4 min, until lightly brown and crunchy. The Progresso starter is a new product, I think, b/c I had trouble finding it in the grocery store. I had to ask for help from an employee to find it, and I know my store pretty well!
* Percent Daily Values are based on a 2,000 calorie diet.
Easy Weeknight Bacon Mac 'n Cheese
Serving Size: 1/4 of a recipe
Servings Per Recipe: 4
Amount Per Serving
Calories: 467
Calories from Fat: 241
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Asia-America Institute in Transnational Law
Dates: June 28 - JULY 28, 2015
For nearly twenty years, Hong Kong has been the site of the Asia-America Institute in Transnational Law because it is a major financial and legal center in Asia. Hong Kong represents the territory through which investment flows into and out of China from Asia, Europe, and the United States. Hong Kong also continues to serve as the primary office in Asia for many law firms, investment banks, and other institutions providing services for transactions throughout the region.
The Asia-America Institute brings together participants and faculty members from around the world to study and live together in a residential college setting at the University of Hong Kong. The program is designed for students, lawyers, and others with an interest in international and comparative law and, in particular, for those who are or plan to be engaged in international practice at law firms or financial institutions.
JD students who have completed at least one year of law study, students preparing to study for an LLM degree in the United States, advanced law students from all countries, and judges, academics, practitioners, and other professionals seeking knowledge of American and comparative law are welcome to apply for the program.
A special benefit of attendance at the summer program for LLM students seeking employment in the U.S. and for JD students just completing their first year of law study is the opportunity to have available (by October) transcripts reflecting successful participation in advanced courses.
It is anticipated that 60 participants will enroll in the 2015 program - about one-third from the United States and the rest from countries around the world. The 2014 Asia-America Institute had a total enrollment of 52 students, 14 with a previous affiliation with Duke University. Several American students from other law schools came as well. In addition to the United States, students came from Australia, Austria, Canada, Chile, China, Denmark, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Japan, Korea, New Zealand, Russia, and Switzerland.
Duke Law alumni gathered for dinner in Hong Kong with faculty from the Asia-American Institute in Transnational Law.
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As he stands on the brink of a fourth World title, Sebastian Vettel says he's still "enjoying the fact" that he's in F1...
As he stands on the brink of a fourth World title, Sebastian Vettel says he's still "enjoying the fact" that he's in F1.
Having claimed his fifth victory on the trot in Sunday's Japanese Grand Prix, the Red Bull racer could realistically wrap up his fourth Drivers' Championship title next time out in India.
Should Vettel finish inside the top five the crown will be his while he would also secure it if Fernando Alonso scores 10 points or less.
And although Vettel admits he thoroughly enjoys winning and racking up the trophies, the 26-year-old says he is still in it for his love of racing.
"You know, I love racing," he said. "When I was small, I was dreaming about Formula One and honestly never thought that one day I would be able to test one of these cars.
"First time I tested the car, it was... Mark drove in the morning, I drove in the afternoon. I shit myself the first couple of laps and I thought, alright, that's for real men, not for me. Then I got used to it and obviously wanted to do more.
"A couple of years later, obviously I had the chance to get a drive, Red Bull gave me the chance at Toro Rosso to get some races.
"It's incredible what's happened over the last couple of years but nothing has changed in the way that I still love racing, I love the challenge.
"I'm still nervous when I wake up on Sunday, still excited when I walk on the grid and tense, looking forward to the race. Enjoying - not the numbers - but enjoying the fact that I'm racing and a great crowd, a fantastic day.
"As I said, I think it would be a shame if you were too tense and if you tried to force things too much. I think you have to allow yourself to enjoy it because this is not normal, it doesn't happen to everyone. I think I'm very fortunate that I'm one of these 22/24 guys in Formula One.
"As I said, we leave the hotel, great respect from the fans, they're cheering, they're shouting our names and it's just great. That's what I'm looking forward to most, obviously try to do it again. I love trophies so I don't mind collecting a few either!"


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Several degrees below canvas - camping in Antarctica
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Despite its simplicity, life in a tent in the Antarctic is not as bad as it sounds. According to Vaughan: "When everything is set up right, living in a tent in Antarctica is much more comfortable than being in a tent in the winter in the UK. It's dry, and you don't need to worry about lack of fuel or where the fresh water is coming from. It's only when the weather begins to get grim - which means windy or warm - that you have problems. If the snow starts to melt it's horrible, because things start to get wet."
When the weather deteriorates, BAS scientists have more than just wind to contend with. BAS oceanographer Dr Keith Makinson has spent up to three months in the field, including stretches of up to three weeks "laid up" in his tent in bad weather. "With practice you get better at it. Killing time in a productive way is a skill you have to learn," Makinson explains.
"You can do more cooking. You have ingredients that you've taken along as goodies, but that require time and effort to prepare. So during bad weather you can invest time and effort in making some great culinary creations. I cooked a fruit cake once by putting two pans inside each other with a couple of nuts and bolts as spacers to make an oven, and even if it's a little charred on the outside, the cake still tastes wonderful," he says.
Craving carrots
Although the food boxes BAS uses in the field provide scientists with a balanced diet - high in the fat and carbohydrates necessary to supply the 3,500 calories a day that humans require to fuel them in sub-zero temperatures, there are many items they miss. Almost obsessively so. "You do become a little bit obsessed by food. Your body tells you what food you really need. You get very jaded by eating a high carbohydrate diet, and what you really want is what you haven't got - fresh fruit and vegetables. I miss a good crunchy carrot - something that tastes nice, rather than sweet and fatty," Vaughan says.
Desert Island Disks-style, we asked BAS scientists which books and what kind of music they take south, and what their luxury would be.
Dr Keith Makinson is an oceanographer and has worked for BAS since 1988. Music he took south last season included Meatloaf, Medwin Goodall and Celine Dion. "My selection must include music that is mellow, uplifting or stimulating to reflect - or change - my moods. After half an hour lying down in the tent, eyes closed, with the music on loud, I generally come out feeling like a new person," he says.
Glaciologist Professor David Vaughan prefers to take books in place of music. The books he's read in his tent most recently include Graham Swift's Waterland and J K Rowling's Harry Potter and the prisoner of Azkaban. "I read Waterland while working on an ice shelf – a most unnaturally flat landscape. It made a strange resonance with the flat fenlands that are described in the book. Harry Potter is the ultimate in escapism and something to save for bad weather, so you can immerse yourself in it completely," Vaughan says.
And their luxuries? For Makinson it's butterscotch Angel Delight. "An absolute taste sensation after eating field rations," he says. Vaughan opts for something a little more sophisticated – a nice Shiraz.
As well as lack of fresh food, isolation can be a challenge. Modern communications technology is another aspect of Antarctic life that would astound Scott and Shackleton. BAS field parties go equipped with both high-frequency radio and Iridium phones, which allow them to communicate with the nearest research station as well as with friends and family in the UK. "I still find it extraordinary that you can stand outside your tent - with a wonderful view if you're lucky - and speak to home," Makinson says.
Loneliness bothers him less. "The moment when you really feel the isolation is when you're the first at the site. The plane drops you off with your pile of equipment and then it just goes. That's the one moment when you're very much alone. But I enjoy the field environment. I like the isolation; getting away from it all. Life is pretty simple there, and when the work's going well it's very enjoyable. The Antarctic environment is something you feel you want to make the best of, enjoy and soak up."
Images © British Antarctic Survey / Words © Becky Allen.


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Apple Upside-Down Cake Recipe
- 1/3 cup butter, melted
- 1 cup packed brown sugar
- 3 medium tart apples, peeled and sliced
- 1/2 cup chopped walnuts
- 3 tablespoons butter, softened
- 3/4 cup sugar
- 2 eggs
- 1 cup all-purpose flour
- 3/4 teaspoon baking powder
- 1/2 teaspoon baking soda
- 1/4 teaspoon salt
- 1/4 teaspoon ground cinnamon
- 1/2 cup buttermilk
- 3 tablespoons sour cream
- 1 teaspoon apple brandy or rum, optional
- Pour butter into an ungreased 9-in. round baking pan; sprinkle with 1/2 cup brown sugar. Arrange apples in a single layer over brown sugar; layer with walnuts and remaining brown sugar.
- In a large bowl, cream butter and sugar until light and fluffy. Add eggs, one at a time, beating well after each addition. Combine the flour, baking powder, baking soda, salt and cinnamon; add to the creamed mixture alternately with buttermilk and sour cream, beating well after each addition. Beat in brandy if desired.
- Spoon batter over brown sugar layer. Bake at 350° for 30-35 minutes or until a toothpick inserted near the center comes out clean. Cool for 10 minutes before inverting onto a serving plate. Serve warm. Yield: 8 servings.
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"made this today and it turned out great ! made it exactly except omitted the brandy didn't have any. and baked it a little longer. it is a keeper!"
"Love this recipe! The cake has an amazing homemade flavor and the apples with brown sugar make a wonderful topping."
"This was the worst cake I have ever made. My advice to you: "Never make it." "Ever". When I tried to cream the butter and sugar, it did not come out light and fluffy, probably because the submitter forgot how much sugar was really supposed to go in the recipe. There was not enough flour in it. I followed the recipe exactly and after baking it the exact time it told me to, I took it out, cooled it and attempted to dump in on a plate. The batter oozed out in streams and the apples dumped with it. I tried to bake it twice as long and it came out brown and wet. Never try this. I wasted an entire night and tons of ingredients."