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Antarctica and the Arctic
In Northern Canada Peaks, Scientists
Are Tracking Impact of Vanishing Ice
Earlier this month, a team of Canadian scientists braved a cold-weather thunderstorm, snow, rain, and high winds to spend a week working on the last extensive icefield in the interior of the Northwest Territories. Accompanying them was
Yale Environment 360
contributor Ed Struzik, who reports on the trip and the importance of the research team's investigations. The group worked on the Brintnell/Bologna icefield, which has shrunk by more than a third over the last three decades and continues to melt at a rapid clip. The scientists hope to determine how the melting of these glaciers and the loss of snowpack in the surrounding mountains might affect the region's ecology and rivers, including the huge Mackenzie River, Canada's largest.
Read more.
18 Aug 2015:
How West Antarctica Could Melt
If Greenhouse Emissions Continue to Rise
An international team of scientists has developed the first comprehensive, high-resolution model depicting
View Simulation
Simulation of West Antarctic Ice Sheet retreat
how rapidly the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) could melt
if greenhouse gas emissions are not brought under control. The study projects that under a high-emissions scenario, the WAIS could lose 80,000 cubic kilometers (19,000 cubic miles) of ice by 2100, increasing sea levels by 8 inches. By 2200, the WAIS could lose 48,000 cubic miles of ice, raising sea levels by a total of 23 inches, the study says. The video shows projected ice loss in the major glaciers feeding into the massive Amundsen Sea Embayment over the next three centuries. The red and orange colors depict the speed of glacial retreat in meters per year. The WAIS is only a fraction of the size of the East Antarctic ice cap, but if the entire WAIS were to melt, global sea levels would rise by roughly 16 feet.
12 May 2015:
Unique Stretch Marks Show
Greenland Ice Accelerating Toward Sea
The Greenland ice sheet is accelerating as it flows toward the ocean, and the unique markings visible in this photograph
Crevassing in Greenland ice
are one piece of
demonstrating its rapid movement. Captured as part of NASA's
Operation IceBridge
, which is wrapping up its seventh season of Arctic observations, this image details heavy crevassing near the coast of Melville Bay in northwestern Greenland. These fissures are essentially stretch marks on the ice, NASA researchers say. Ice sheets in Greenland and Antarctica are losing mass at an unprecedented rate of 500 cubic kilometers per year — enough ice to cover the Chicago metropolitan area with a layer of ice 600 meters thick —
according to
one recent report.
16 Apr 2015:
Researchers Discover New
Source of Methane in the Arctic Ocean
A large reservoir of methane — a greenhouse gas many times more potent than carbon dioxide — was recently discovered on
Knipovich Ridge in the Arctic Ocean
Knipovich Ridge in the central Arctic Ocean,
according to
research published in the journal
. The methane in this deposit is locked up in icy crystals of water and gas called hydrates, and it was produced by abiotic geological processes rather than by microbes breaking down organic matter, as most methane is, the authors explain. Until now, scientists had not known that hydrates could contain this type of methane. "Up to 15,000 gigatons of carbon may be stored in the form of hydrates in the ocean floor, but this estimate is not accounting for abiotic methane," said co-author Jürgen Mienert. "So there is probably much more."
09 Apr 2015:
Melting Arctic Permafrost
To Cause Massive but Gradual CO2 Release
A comprehensive new study of the potential climate change impacts of melting Arctic permafrost says that a vast amount of carbon dioxide will be released from thawing permafrost but that it
will seep out gradually,
rather than in an abrupt "carbon bomb." Working since 2011, a group of 17 Arctic permafrost scientists studied the rate at which permafrost is thawing and the resulting release of CO2. The scientists concluded that Arctic permafrost has undergone a stunning degree of warming, rising from an average of 18 F three decades ago to 28 F today. As permafrost continues to melt, it will release an amount of carbon roughly equal to the carbon released from current rates of deforestation, the study said. The study, published in the journal
, said the CO2 release from thawing permafrost will be prolonged but gradual, giving society time to adapt to rising seas and other impacts of a warming climate.
12 Mar 2015:
Bubbling From Melting Glaciers
Makes Fjords Noisiest Places in Oceans
Bubbles gushing from melting glaciers and their icebergs make fjords the noisiest places in the oceans, according to
Listen to sound of bubbles escaping melting ice.
research published in
Geophysical Research Letters
. Researchers used underwater microphones to record noise levels in three bays where glaciers flow into ocean fjords and icebergs calve from glaciers. They found that average noise levels from bubbles in these fjords exceeded those generated by all other sources, including weather, wildlife, and machines such as ships and sonar devices. Glacial calving contributed some of the noise, but the constant melting and bubbling was the real culprit, the researchers said. Their findings raise questions about how the underwater noise in the fjords — which are foraging hotspots for seabirds and marine mammals and important breeding habitat for harbor seals — will affect animals as climate change further increases melting rates.
11 Mar 2015:
Warming To Sharply Increase
For Remainder of 21st Century, Paper Says
Within a decade, the earth — and particularly the northern hemisphere — will begin warming at rates unprecedented in the last 1,000 to 2,000 years, according to
new research
in the journal
Nature Climate Change
. Examining the rate of temperature increases in 40-year intervals over the past 2,000 years, the scientists concluded that temperatures had fluctuated up or down by about 0.2 degrees F over each interval. In the past 40 years, however, warming has approached 0.4 degrees F per decade. And beginning in 2020, temperatures could start to rise by 0.7 degrees F per decade and continue at that rate until at least 2100. Warming will be especially pronounced in the Arctic, where temperatures are expected to soar by 1.1 degrees F by 2040. The scientists warned that such greenhouse gas-driven warming is moving the planet into an unstable climatic state.
02 Mar 2015:
Emperor Penguins Had Few
Refuges During Last Ice Age, Study Finds
The Ross Sea and certain other Antarctic waters likely served as refuges for the three emperor penguin populations that
Emperor penguins
survived during the last ice age, when large amounts of ice made much of the rest of Antarctica uninhabitable, according to a
new study
published in the journal
Global Change Biology
. The findings suggest that extreme climatic conditions on the continent during the past 30,000 years created an evolutionary "bottleneck" that is evident in the genetic material of modern-day emperor penguins, a species known for its ability to thrive in icy habitats. But during the last ice age, the Antarctic likely had twice as much sea ice, the researchers say, leaving only a few locations for the penguins to breed — distances from the open ocean (where the penguins feed) to the stable sea ice (where they breed) were too great. The three populations that did manage to survive may have done so by breeding near areas of ocean that are kept free of sea ice by wind and currents, the researchers suggest.
As Arctic Ocean Ice Vanishes,
Questions About Future Fishing
With the steady retreat of sea ice in the Arctic Ocean opening up vast areas of this long-frozen marine basin, a key resource
A Russian fishing vessel trawls the Arctic Ocean.
issue is now emerging: the future of fisheries, especially in central Arctic waters. What species are migrating into the region as sea ice disappears? And could the heart of the Arctic Ocean sustain a commercial fishery in the coming decades? These issues were central to a discussion at a recent conference on the fisheries of the central Arctic Ocean. With more southerly fish species migrating into warmer and increasingly ice-free regions of the Arctic Ocean, officials from the U.S. and Canada say it's important to negotiate an international agreement on fishing before allowing fisheries to open.
Read the article.
22 Jan 2015:
Draining of Greenland Lakes
Signals Massive Melting, Researchers Say
have discovered
craters left behind when two lakes under the Greenland ice sheet rapidly drained recently — an indication
Crater left after a Greenland lake drained.
that a massive amount of meltwater has started overflowing the ice sheet's natural plumbing and is causing "blowouts" that drain lakes away, they say. One of the two lakes once held billions of gallons of water and emptied to form a mile-wide crater in just a few weeks, researchers report in the journal
The Cryosphere
. The other lake, described this week in the journal
, was two miles wide and has filled and emptied twice in the last two years. The researchers suspect that as more meltwater reaches the base of the ice sheet, natural drainage tunnels along the Greenland coast are cutting further inland. The tunnels carry heat and water to areas that were once frozen to the bedrock, potentially causing the ice to melt even faster.
06 Jan 2015:
Penguin Watch Projects Asks
Citizen Scientists to Monitor Birds' Habits
Penguin Watch
, a citizen science project launched by researchers from the University of Oxford in the U.K., is enlisting the
Group of Gentoo penguins
public's help in counting penguins in some 175,000 photos from locations across the Southern Hemisphere. Researchers are monitoring five penguin species — Gentoo, Chinstrap, Adelie, Rockhopper, and King penguins — and recording information on the number of adults, chicks, and eggs, as well as their winter behavior, breeding success, and travel habits. The project is especially useful for monitoring penguins' winter behavior, for example, because it's logistically difficult for the researchers to visit these locations in winter,
they say
, and the images are far too numerous for researchers to view on their own. Understanding how the penguins live day-to-day should help shed light on how the penguins will respond to an increasingly volatile climate, the team says.
29 Dec 2014:
The Arctic Is Absorbing
More and More Sunlight, NASA Images Show
The Arctic has been absorbing significantly more sunlight since the year 2000, according to
NASA satellite data
Changes in absorption of sunlight in the Arctic
a trend that mirrors the steady decrease in Arctic sea ice during that same period. These maps show changes in the amount of solar radiation absorbed over the Arctic from 2000 to 2014, as well as changes in sea ice cover during the same period. As sea ice cover declines and more dark ocean is exposed to the sun's rays, that decreases the reflectivity, or albedo, of the ocean's surface, meaning more heat is absorbed. Shades of red depict areas absorbing more sunlight and areas with less ice cover. The Arctic's rate of absorption has increased by 5 percent every June, July, and August since 2000. No other region on the planet has shown significant changes in albedo during that time, researchers say.
29 Oct 2014:
Weather and Climate Key in Weights of Penguin Chicks, Researchers Say
Local weather and large-scale climate trends have the largest impact on the weights of Adélie penguin chicks
An adult Adélie penguin feeds its chick.
— not food availability —
according to
researchers at the University of Delaware. Adélie penguins are native to the West Antarctic Peninsula, and their habitat is warming faster than most other parts of the planet. Looking at records dating back to 1987, scientists found that year-to-year changes in local weather — including wind speed, temperature, rain, and humidity — could cause chicks' weights at the time they leave their nests to fluctuate by up to 7 ounces. That's often the difference between a surviving and non-surviving chick, the researchers say. Biologists previously thought that food sources and parenting played the largest role in chicks' health, but
these findings
suggest that exposure to elements is more important. The study "calls into question what happens to an ecosystem when you change climate quickly," principal investigator Matthew Oliver said.
21 Aug 2014:
Antarctica and Greenland
Losing Ice at Fastest Rate Ever Recorded
Ice sheets in Greenland and Antarctica are losing mass at an unprecedented rate of 500 cubic kilometers per
Click to Enlarge
Antarctic ice elevation
year — enough ice to cover the Chicago metropolitan area with a layer of ice 600 meters thick —
according to
German researchers. Using data from the European Space Agency's CryoSat 2 satellite from 2011 to 2014, the team created the most detailed maps to date of ice elevations across Antarctica and Greenland, accurate to a few meters in height. The results reveal that Greenland alone is losing ice volume by about 375 cubic kilometers per year, doubling since 2009, the scientists report. Ice loss in the West Antarctic Ice Sheet has increased by a factor of three over the same period. Combined, the two ice sheets are thinning at the highest rate observed since altimetry satellite records began about 20 years ago, the study found. Data show that East Antarctica is gaining ice volume, but at a moderate rate that doesn't compensate the losses on the continent's other side.
30 Jun 2014:
Antarctica's Emperor Penguins
To Be in Serious Decline By 2100, Study Says
Antarctica's Emperor penguins are facing dramatic declines by the end of the century and should be given endangered species status because of the threats posed
Sea ice loss threatens Emperor penguins.
by climate change,
according to
an international group of scientists. If sea ice declines at the rates projected by current climate models, at least two-thirds of the colonies will likely shrink by more than 50 percent by 2100, the researchers report in
Nature Climate Change
. That conclusion follows a 50-year study in eastern Antarctica of Emperor penguins, an iconic Antarctic species with 45 known colonies. Emperor penguins' survival is highly dependent on sea ice concentrations because they breed on the ice, and too little sea ice reduces the habitat for krill, a critical food source for the penguins. Granting the species protected status under the U.S. Endangered Species Act will provide tools for improving fishing practices of U.S. vessels in the Southern Ocean and potentially for reducing CO2 emissions in the U.S. under the Clear Air Act, the researchers say.
16 Jun 2014:
Skyscraper-Size Ice Structures
Discovered at Base of Greenland Ice Sheet
Melting and refreezing at the base of the Greenland ice sheet has created massive, complex structures the height of skyscrapers and the width of Manhattan,
according to
research published in
Nature Geoscience
Click to Enlarge
Massive structures below Greenland ice sheet.
The hidden formations more than a mile below the surface stand in stark contrast to the nearly flat, smooth exterior of the ice sheet and may accelerate its flow toward the sea, researchers say. Scientists had previously interpreted the irregular topography at the base of the ice as hills or mountains, but ice-penetrating radar revealed that the structures were made of ice rather than rock. Scientists from Columbia University explained that as meltwater at the bottom refreezes over hundreds or thousands of years, it radiates heat into the surrounding ice sheet, making it pick up its pace as the ice becomes softer and flows more easily. Greenland's glaciers appear to be moving more rapidly toward the sea as climate warms, but it's unclear how the refreezing process will influence this trend, researchers said.
20 May 2014:
Widespread Greenland Melting
Due to Forest Fires and Warming, Study Says
Rising temperatures and ash from Northern Hemisphere forest fires combined to cause large-scale surface melting of the Greenland ice sheet in 2012, an
Click to Enlarge
Extent of Greenland ice melt, July 8-12, 2012
echo of a similar event that occurred in 1889, a
new study
finds. The massive Greenland ice sheet — the second largest ice body in the world after the Antarctic ice sheet — experiences annual melting at low elevations near the coastline, but surface melt is rare in the dry snow region in its center. In July 2012, however, satellites observed for the first time surface melt across more than 97 percent of the ice sheet, generating reports that the event was almost exclusively the result of climate change. In the new report, published in the journal
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
, researchers found that in both 2012 and 1889 exceptionally warm temperatures combined with black carbon sediments from Northern Hemisphere forest fires to darken the surface of the ice sheet to a critical albedo threshold, causing the large-scale melting events. Since Arctic temperatures and the frequency of forest fires are both expected to rise with climate change, large-scale melt events on the Greenland ice sheet may begin to occur almost annually by 2100, the researchers say.
Interview: Can Marine Life Adapt
To the World's Acidifying Oceans?
As the world's oceans grow more acidic from increased absorption of atmospheric carbon dioxide, marine scientists are confronting a key question: How well can
Gretchen Hofmann
organisms like mollusks, crustaceans, and corals adapt to these more corrosive conditions? One of the leading authorities in this field is University of California, Santa Barbara marine biologist Gretchen Hofmann. Her work in recent years has shown, in fact, that some sea organisms that build shells do seem to have some ability to acclimate to more acidic waters. But in an interview with
Yale Environment 360
, Hofmann cautions that this adaptive capacity has its limits. The continuing burning of fossil fuels, she says, could push ocean acidity past a tipping point, rendering some mollusks and other organisms unable to build shells.
Read the interview.
08 May 2014:
Natural Variations May Account
For Up to Half of Greenland's Warming
Up to half of the recent climate change in Greenland and surrounding regions — which have warmed at roughly twice the pace of the rest of the planet since 1979 — may be due to natural climate variations that originate in the tropical Pacific and are not connected
Meltwater from Russell Glacier
with the overall warming of the Earth, a
new study
says. Still, at least half the warming remains attributable to rising global carbon dioxide emissions, according to research published in the journal
. Climate data and advanced computer models show that changes in the western tropical Pacific Ocean, which has been about 0.3 degrees warmer than normal, have caused shifts in atmospheric pressure over the North Atlantic. Those changes set off a stationary wave in the atmosphere that arcs in a great circle from the tropical Pacific toward Greenland, pulling warmer air over that massive island. "Along this wave train there are warm spots where the air has been pushed down, and cold spots where the air has been pulled up," one author explained. "And Greenland is in one of the warm spots."
Russian-American Collaboration
Carries on in Key Arctic Ecosystem
At a time of rapidly deteriorating relations between Russia and America, U.S. scientist Joel Berger continues his work with his Russian counterparts
Third in a series of blog posts from the Russian Arctic
on Siberia's Wrangel Island. In the third of three blog posts for
Yale Environment 360
, Berger — a biologist with the Wildlife Conservation Society and the University of Montana — writes about efforts to better understand how rapid climate change might affect muskoxen and other wildlife in the Russian and North American Arctic. As Berger explains, a key focus of Russian-American scientific cooperation is Beringia, the region of northwestern Alaska and extreme northeastern Russia where two countries — and continents — are divided by the Bering Sea.
Read more.
29 Apr 2014:
Exxon Mobil Arctic Project
Possibly At Risk Over Russia Sanctions
Exxon Mobil's development of a Russian Arctic oil project valued at nearly $900 billion is at risk following recent U.S. sanctions on Russian officials as a result of Ukraine's ongoing political crisis,
Bloomberg News reports
. Exxon Mobil has partnered with the Russian state-controlled oil company OAO Rosneft to drill an oil-rich geological structure known as Universitetskaya, which contains an estimated 9 billion barrels of oil, valued at $900 billion at current market prices. Rosneft's CEO, Igor Sechin, a longtime member of Russian President Vladimir Putin's inner circle, was sanctioned by the U.S. yesterday, exposing the partnership with Exxon Mobil to additional scrutiny. Exxon Mobil and Rosneft are set to invest an estimated $600 million in drilling at the site in the Kara Sea, which would make the project Exxon's most expensive to-date. A U.S. Treasury official said yesterday that U.S. companies can still do business with Rosneft, but some analysts say Russian companies could become wary of working with Western corporations in the future. Exxon said last week that the project is on schedule.
Studying a Polar Menagerie
On an Island in Arctic Russia
Ninety miles from the Russian mainland and 300 miles above the Arctic Circle, Wrangel Island is home to an eclectic assortment of fauna and flora — muskoxen,
Second in a series of blog posts from the Russian Arctic
polar bears, wolves, reindeer, wolverines, walruses, Asia's only population of snow geese, and 417 plant species. Joel Berger, a field biologist with the Wildlife Conservation Society and the University of Montana, spent several weeks on Wrangel Island this spring. In the second of three blog posts for
, he describes the arduous conditions under which Russian and U.S. scientists collect data on the island's odd assortment of creatures.
Read more.
On Far-Flung Wrangel Island,
A Scientist Sizes up Muskoxen
As a field biologist for the University of Montana and the Wildlife Conservation Society, Joel Berger has been to his share of end-of-the-earth places. But few have
Muskoxen on Wrangel Island
rivaled Wrangel Island, the rugged, frozen outpost located 300 miles above the Arctic Circle in Russia's extreme Far East. In the first of three reports for
Yale e360
, Berger describes the arduous trip to Wrangel and the scientific work that has taken him there — research with Russian colleagues on the island's 900 muskoxen, a shaggy beast that is a relic from the Pleistocene era. In subsequent reports, Berger will describe the motley assortment of wildlife that has colonized Wrangel and the contrasting impacts of climate change on eastern Siberia and Arctic Alaska.
Read more.
07 Apr 2014:
Newfound Atmospheric 'Hole'
Threatens Polar Ozone Layer, Scientists Say
have discovered
a large opening in the Earth's atmosphere that is enabling pollutants to rise
Pacific atmosphere hole an elevator to the stratosphere
into the stratosphere and destroy ozone. The hole, which is in a part of the lower atmosphere called the "OH shield," is several thousand kilometers long and is centered over the tropical west Pacific Ocean. It's relatively close to Southeast Asia, a region with a booming population and rapidly increasing air pollution. The hole is a major concern because the OH shield usually scrubs air of chemical compounds emitted near the ground before they can reach the stratosphere, where those compounds can persist for long periods of time, reacting with and destroying ozone, say researchers at Germany's Alfred Wegener Institute who identified the hole. The newly discovered phenomenon acts as a sort of elevator, researchers say, drawing chlorofluorocarbons, sulfur dioxide, and other contaminants straight up to the stratosphere and bypassing the OH shield scrub.
28 Mar 2014:
West Antarctic Glacial Loss
Is Rapidly Intensifying, New Study Shows
Six massive glaciers in West Antarctica are dumping far more ice into the Southern Ocean than they were 40
An 18-mile crack in the Pine Island Glacier
years ago and now account for
10 percent of the world's sea level rise
, according to a new study. Reporting in
Geophysical Research Letters
, an international team of scientists said that the amount of ice draining from the six glaciers has increased by 77 percent since 1973. The scientists said that the ice loss from the six glaciers is so substantial that it equals the amount of ice draining annually from the entire Greenland Ice Sheet. The scientists used satellite data from 1973 and 2013 to gauge the ice loss from the six glaciers. The
Pine Island Glacier
is moving more rapidly to the sea than any of the other six, with its speed increasing from 1.5 miles per year in 1973 to 2.5 miles per year in 2013. The glaciers are dumping more ice into the sea primarily because warmer ocean waters are loosening the ice sheets' hold on the sea floor, which speeds up glacial flow.
06 Mar 2014:
Warm River Water Plays Major
Role in Arctic Sea Ice Melt, Study Finds
Relatively warm water flowing into the Arctic Ocean from rivers contributes significantly to Arctic sea ice melt each summer, a phenomenon that will intensify as the region warms, according to
NASA researchers
. The river discharge not only melts coastal sea ice, it also has
Click to Enlarge
Warm river water entering Arctic Ocean
a wider climate impact as it creates more open water, which is darker than ice and absorbs more heat from sunlight. As these NASA images show, when water from Canada's Mackenzie River flowed into the Beaufort Sea in the summer of 2012, average surface temperature of the open water rose by 6.5 degrees C (11.7 degrees F) after the pulse of river water. Flow from the Mackenzie raised sea surface temperatures as far as 350 kilometers (217 miles) from the coast. The researchers note that river discharge is becoming an increasingly important contributor to melting Arctic sea ice because the volume and temperature of fresh water discharge is increasing as inland Arctic areas warm more each summer.
19 Feb 2014:
Loss of Arctic Sea Ice
Has Greater Warming Impact Than Expected
The steady disappearance of Arctic sea ice, which is causing the exposed and darker surface of the Arctic Ocean to absorb more sunlight, is having
a more profound impact on global warming
than previously
Click to Enlarge
Sea ice extent in 2012
estimated, according to a new study. The decline of albedo, or reflectivity, from the Arctic Ocean equals roughly 25 percent of the warming caused by rising carbon dioxide levels, according to scientists at the University of California, San Diego. The impact of this "albedo feedback," in which the highly reflective white surface of sea ice is replaced by heat-absorbing open ocean, is considerably stronger than climate models had predicted,
according to the UCSD research
, published in the
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
Researchers had thought increasing Arctic cloud cover might slow the albedo feedback, but this study indicates that is not happening.
04 Feb 2014:
NASA Image of Alaska
Depicts Spring-like Temperatures and Thaw
As the continental U.S. faced frigid weather and major winter storms in January,
Alaska experienced record high temperatures.
A map based on NASA satellite data
Click to Enlarge
Alaska's warm January
shows that the last half of January was one of the warmest winter periods in Alaska's history, with temperatures as much as 40 degrees F (22 C) above normal on some days in the central and western portions of the state. A high pressure system off the state's western coast sent warm air and rain through Alaska instead of down into California, which is in the midst of a record drought. The warmest January temperature ever observed in Alaska was tied on January 27, when the thermometer hit 62 F (16.7 C) at Port Alsworth, in southern Alaska. Combined with rainstorms, the heatwave set off a host of spring-like effects, including avalanches and swollen rivers, which carried major sediment loads into the Gulf of Alaska. Inland, Arctic lakes are also seeing consequences of Alaska's long-term warming trend. A
new study
found that lakes in the region froze almost six days later and broke up about 18 days earlier in the winter of 2011 compared to the winter of 1950.
Interview: Activist Kumi Naidoo
On Russia and the Climate Struggle
Kumi Naidoo, the international executive director of Greenpeace, is intimately familiar with the Prirazlomnaya drilling platform in the Russian Arctic. In 2012, he and five other Greenpeace activists were hosed down with frigid water and pelted with pieces of metal as they attempted to climb aboard the platform.
Kumi Naidoo
Greenpeace and Prirazlomnaya were back in the news recently when 28 Greenpeace members were arrested and held for several months for storming the rig before being released in December. In an interview with
Yale Environment 360
, Naidoo talks about what's needed to get global climate talks off the ground and launch a green energy revolution, and the reason his activist organization has decided to take such a strong stand against oil drilling in the rapidly melting Arctic Ocean. "We went back [to Prirazlomnaya]," says Naidoo, "because we're trying to draw a line in the ice, because once this starts it will have breached another threshold of meeting our rapacious appetite for oil and gas in the most fragile of environments."
Read the interview.
13 Jan 2014:
Pine Island Glacier Has
Melted Beyond Tipping Point, Study Says
A major Antarctic ice mass, the Pine Island Glacier, is melting irreversibly and could add as much as a centimeter to global sea level rise over the next 20 years alone, according to new research published in
Nature Climate Change
. Calculations show that the Pine Island Glacier's "grounding line" — where land-based ice meets a floating ice shelf that is an extension of the
Click to Enlarge
Pine Island Glacier ice flow velocities
glacier — has retreated roughly 10 kilometers in the past decade. Scientists say that the grounding line is in the process of a 40-kilometer retreat that could push it beyond an important tipping point. Pine Island Glacier is a
major contributor to global sea level rise
and has been losing massive amounts of ice for decades, accounting for
20 percent of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet's total ice loss
. An international research team says that the Pine Island Glacier has been losing 20 billion tons of ice annually for the past two decades and could lose 100 billion tons annually over the next 20 years. The glacier "has started a phase of self-sustained retreat and will irreversibly continue its decline," says Gael Durand, a glaciologist with France's Grenoble Alps University.
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text:
Nb: infants must be under the age of 2 and
children must be under the age of 12 at the time of
The Chalet Du Praz was built by the former owners of the renowned 'Bistro du Praz' and Charlie and Michelle are hugely proud of their stunning former home. The beautiful chalet is set over four floors with the two social areas on the lower ground floor and the top floor.
Sleeps 14 (room numbers in brackets):Lower ground floor: Large open plan sitting room with fireplace, TV and DVD player.Ground floor: Three twin bedrooms with en suite bath and WC (1,2&3). Heated boot rack/ski room.First floor: Three twin rooms with en suite bath and WC (4,5&6). Double bedroom with en suite shower and WC (7).Top floor: Magnificent dining room and kitchen.
The chalet host will have a day off during the course of the week, during which you will be required to eat out.
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of which will be made available at the time of booking. Your holiday contract will
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until time of booking. Please call on 020 8544 7114 for prices for other travel
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feedback. For payments by credit card, a 2.5% credit card charge (4% for AMEX) will
be added to your invoice. If you pay by a UK issued debit card, there is no charge.
All bookings are subject to a £5 per person Passenger Admin Fee charged by Iglu.com.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Legislators may finally be done with a controversial plan to expand gambling in Maryland, but the battle for voter support is just beginning, the Senate president said this week.
The General Assembly gave final approval early Wednesday to a plan allow a major casino in Prince George�s County and Las Vegas-style table games at the state�s existing casinos.
Senate President Thomas V. Mike Miller Jr. (D-Dist. 27) of Chesapeake Beach said the bill was a win for Maryland because it would raise revenues and create jobs.
But there could now be a fierce ad campaign between MGM Resorts International, which wants to build a casino at National Harbor, and Penn National Gaming, which owns Rosecroft Raceway in Fort Washington and wants to put a casino there, Miller said.
�These ads you see about [Mitt] Romney and Barack Obama, they�re going to be dwarfed,� he said, joking that �it�s going to be hand-to-hand combat.�
Penn National, which also owns the Hollywood Casinos in Perryville and Charles Town, W.Va., opposed Gov. Martin O�Malley�s proposal, arguing Perryville wasn�t receiving tax breaks comparable to other casinos and that the deck was stacked in favor of the National Harbor site.
Television and radio ads have been running for weeks; labor unions have touted the jobs a new casino would create, and critics have attacked MGM for its partnership with a Chinese businesswoman, Pansy Ho, who is alleged to have ties to organized crime in that country.
Both MGM and Caesars Entertainment, which will run the planned casino, released statements Wednesday praising the legislature�s decision.
Shortly before midnight Tuesday, the House of Delegates voted 71 to 58 — the minimum needed for passage — in favor of O�Malley�s bill, which also makes adjustments to the tax rate on gambling revenues to compensate casino operators for additional competition and costs. The Senate, which approved the bill this past week, signed off on several amendments from the House early Wednesday.
Maryland�s constitution requires the expansion of gambling to be approved by voters, but lawmakers intend that the Prince George�s casino will be built only if a majority of county voters support the measure at the polls in November, according to the bill.
An earlier proposal to expand gambling, which died in the House during this year�s regular session, would have required a constitutional amendment in order to give a local jurisdiction like Prince George�s similar veto power in a statewide referendum. A constitutional amendment would have needed a three-fifths majority in each chamber to pass the legislature; the bill passed this week required only a majority in each.
�I�m very, very pleased,� said County Executive Rushern Baker III (D), who has proposed putting a major destination resort and casino at the waterfront National Harbor complex in Oxon Hill. �This puts us on the way not only to creating jobs in Prince George�s County and the state of Maryland, but also revenue for both the state and the county.�
The most important aspect of the bill was that it left the final decision to county voters, Baker said.
As amended by the House, the bill is projected to net an additional $200 million per year to the state�s Education Trust Fund by 2019, according to a state fiscal analysis.
Despite earlier objections from delegates, the House amendments ultimately offered a bigger cut to the state�s 67 percent tax on slots revenue than the Senate-approved plan. Casinos in Anne Arundel County and Baltimore city, for example, will keep an additional 8 percent and 7 percent of their proceeds, respectively, to cover marketing and capital improvements once a Prince George�s casino opens.
Earlier this summer, House members of a state work group on expanding gambling balked at proposals to lower the tax rate. The group�s failure to reach an agreement delayed the special session nearly a month as O�Malley worked with lawmakers to develop a consensus plan.
House Minority Leader Anthony J. O�Donnell (R-Dist. 29C) of Lusby denounced the final version of the bill produce on the House floor Tuesday, which he said cut taxes on billionaire casino owners shortly after lawmakers had raised taxes on working Marylanders.
But Del. Michael McDermott (R-Dist. 38B) of Pocomoke City, one of five Republican delegates to support the bill, called the measure a �big win� for Maryland. Adjusting the tax rates so the casinos could reinvest in the state was �a baby-step towards capitalism and [economic] recovery that we need to take,� McDermott said.
Floor debate was expect to begin in the House at 2 p.m. Tuesday, but was delayed for more than two hours, even though many delegates had been present at their desks or waiting in the nearby lounge.
The extended delay fueled speculation that House leadership still was cutting deals to ensure the gambling bill had enough votes to pass.
When the House eventually convened, leadership accepted an amendment from Del. Joseph J. Minnick (D-Dist. 6) of Dundalk that will allow pull-tab gambling machines at some veterans� organizations west of the Chesapeake Bay. Slots already are allowed at such organizations on the Eastern Shore.
A similar amendment was raised by Republican Del. Kathy Afzali (R-Dist. 4A) of Middletown in a House subcommittee Monday, but it was not accepted; O�Donnell suggested on the floor Tuesday afternoon that the measure only had been adopted to persuade delegates to support the broader bill.
Miller, who has been a driving force behind putting a casino in Prince George�s, did not appear with O�Malley (D) and House Speaker Michael E. Busch (D-Dist. 30) of Annapolis Wednesday, citing a family commitment.


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A Metrobus driver was arrested by U.S. Marshals while driving on his route Wednesday morning.
The man, Stacy Reed, was arrested and charged in connection with the 2010 killing of Centreville resident Jose Cardona.
Reed, 43, is accused of conspiring to commit a Hobbs Act Robbery, according to the U.S. Attorney's Office. The Hobbs Act prohibits actual or attempted robbery or extortion affecting interstate commerce.
"Stacy L. Reed has been a Metro employee since August 19, 2012. He was arrested without incident this morning by US Marshals in the presence of Metro Transit Police. Mr. Reed has been relieved of duty..." according to a statement from Metro.
Police said Cordona, 39, of Manassas was found dead May 17, 2010, outside a home in the 14200 block of Compton Road in Clifton after police responded to a call of gunshots.
Cordona, a father of two children, worked regularly as a landscaper and handyman for the Clifton family who owned the 9,000-square-foot home situated on a 10-acre lot.
At a press conference on the one-year anniversary of the shooting, homicide detective Chester Toney told reporters Cordona found two men hiding in the home�s garage and confronted them, along with the mother and a son who lived in the home. He was then fatally shot.
Reed is suspected of driving the two men to the home where Cordona was killed. He faces up to 20 years in prison if convicted.
Last year, Reynard Lazaro Prather, 22, of Oxon Hill, Md., one of the two men who entered the home, was indicted by a federal grand jury of conspiracy to commit a Hobbs Act robbery, use of a firearm in a crime of violence, use of a firearm in a crime of violence causing death, and possession of ammunition by a prohibited person. In February, Prather pleaded guilty to those charges. He was sentenced to 30 years in prison.
The second man who entered the home, Tasheik Champean, pleaded guilty last week to the same charges. He has not yet been sentenced.
No attorney information for Reed is yet available.


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CAD Lights NR-1 Pro All-In-One Media Reactor
CAD Lights NR-1 Pro All-In-One Media Reactor
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CAD Lights NR-1 Pro All-In-One Media Reactor
Product Manuals & Documentation
NR-1 Pro All-In-One Media reactor (Bio-pellets, GFO, Carbon)
Our newly released NR-1 Pro nano media reactor packs all the latest and best features that our engineers have come up with. Building on the breakthrough of the original NR-1 high speed reactor design 3 years ago, we set forth to add all the features we can fit into the new NR-1 Pro. The NR-1 Pro allows ease of use and instant access to the media inside the reactor unit. Whether you want to change, add or mix, you can simply pull the top cover and it opens right up for full access. As usual, our NR-1 Pro like the previous unit is made with 100% extra heavy duty 3/16" thick seamless Cell-cast acrylic. The NR-1 Pro is specially designed to run with Bio-pellets of ALL shapes and sizes, GFO, Carbon etc. comes with 2 pieces of foam for GFO and other fine filter media. Another new feature is the use of a pre-filtering foam and strainer kit. This helps prolong the life and the efficiency of both pump and the media inside the reactor.
Anti-clumping design: utilizing a full distribution plate, our reactors give unmatched bio-pellet tumbling and flow distribution. Using a fully perforated specially patterned cell-cast acrylic plate, our reactors are high speed yet, gentle as the water comes up in a "curtain" style rather than a "jet" style stream. A "Jet" style stream causes excess agitation to the Bio-pellets and other medias hence decreases the medias efficiency.
Super small footprint at only 2.5" wide, this little reactor packs a good punch in effectively controlling and removing your Nitrates, Phosphates, slime algaes and other nuisance algaes. It can hold a strong dose of bio-pellets of up to 150ML giving you an aquarium capacity of 40G-50G (depending on your bio-load respectively). Yet it can still fit into an aquarium as small as our 8G, 18G, 34G Mini-II series systems.
Dimensions: 2.5" x 3.5" x 12" (total exterior dimensions including plumbing)
Pump: Super quiet and Slim TIA Professional pumps at 200GPH and 11.5W.
Comes with strainer foam and 2 extra foam pads for use with fine media (GFO, Carbon etc.)
Material: 100% Cell-Cast Acrylic body.
Compatibility: Bio-pellets (up to 150ML Max.), GFO, Carbon (coarse or fine)
Capacity: 5G-50G Aquarium volume.
Product Manuals & Documentation
CAD Lights NR-1 Pro All-In-One Media Reactor
Owner's Manual available for download in Adobe PDF file format
CAD Lights NR-1 Pro All-In-One Media Reactor
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GFO? Forget about it
4/22/2013 from SEATTLE, WA UNITED STATES
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I got thi to put in my 29G biocube because it was one of the few on the market of this size that wasn't a hang on. The only problem is the pump is waaaaaay too strong and is like a cat 5 tornado for the GFO. The pump itself has a dial to control the amount of tumble but maybe mine was broken but it seriously starts off on hurricane and goes to aqua armageddon. Even with two filter pads stuffed into the chamber GFO shot out all over my tank in seconds. Maybe this power is good for bio pellets but its a joke when they say "...works great for GFO!"
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Very satisfied!
1/2/2013 from SAN MARCOS, CA UNITED STATES
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I have been using this reactor on my 50 gallon sps tank for about one month and am very satisfied with my purchase. I got tired of my TLF reactor clogging and the pellets not tumbling. Due to the small footprint of this reactor, I fit the whole thing in my sump and it makes zero noise. The pellets tumble great with zero clogging. I have 150 ml of TLF NPX pellets in mine but I think you could fit more even though they say 150 max.
56 of 59 People found this review helpful, did you?
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The Dolphins suffered their first and only loss of November on Thanksgiving losing by just one point to the Dallas Cowboys. Now, the Dolphins return home to take on the Oakland Raiders. Can the Dolphins get back on the winning track, or was the Cowboys game the first of a losing streak?
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Decades ago, Carrie Richardson accepted a small piece of a relative's hydrangea. She and her husband toted the starter, wrapped in brown paper and placed in a small foam cooler in the trunk of the car, from Alabama to their home in Elizabethtown.
From the smaller yards of established neighborhoods to wide open farmland, there's always a place for planting. That's made evident by the lineup of The Garden Club of Elizabethtown's annual Garden Tour and Tea.
Five premier Louisville gardens and two homes will be open for viewing Saturday and Sunday during the 12th annual Kilgore House and Garden Tour.
The gardens at Oxmoor Estate, also known as the historic Bullitt Estate, are the centerpiece of the tour. The gardens include a 100-year-old stand of pines and other trees, a rose garden, perennial border garden and a color-coordinated shrub bed, according to the tour website.
After 16 years in the real estate business, Pam Featherstone has been recognized for her contributions.
Featherstone, a Realtor with Network Realty who is moving to Semonin Realty, was awarded the title of Realtor of the Year from the Heart of Kentucky Association of Realtors.
Featherstone has been in real estate since 1995, and involved on the board of the association for the past several years, including serving as board president for the past year.
Of the nine showcase houses in this year's Parade of Homes, the People's Choice overall winner was built by The Home Place of KY.
Guests who paid to tour the houses over the two weekends determined the honor. Blake Duggins and Charles Ferguson accepted on behalf of The Home Place.
The house on Reserve Court in the Thousand Oaks development in Elizabethtown was one of two custom-built houses the company entered in the Parade, which is staged annually by the Lincoln Trail Home Builders Association.
By SARAH BERKSHIRE
The Garden Club of Elizabethtown Annual Tour and Tea will showcase five unique Elizabethtown landscapes in addition to the Brown-Pusey House garden. Here's a preview of each property.
An aquatic yard
A visit to a green roof atop a Louisville building and a contest held by a floor covering company allowed Elizabethtown resident Nathan Bush an opportunity to do what he loves — create and design.
Bush, who graduated from the University of Louisville with a degree in interior architecture, entered Mannington Commercial's tx:style Design Challenge 2011 with a carpet design called "Squiggle."
"I always had an interest in art and design," Bush said.
By SHEILA O'MARA
It appears the season to reorganize is upon us. Whether I pick up a newspaper, magazine or an advertisement for any store, tools for organization seem to be front and center. Even at Corvin's Furniture this week, many customers who have come in inquiring about bookshelves, shelving units and file cabinets. It seems that resolutions to organize are as prevalent as weight loss resolutions this year.
By BECCA OWSLEY
Christmas is over and you're once again faced with a dilemma. Do you shove all the decorations back in the attic or are there better ways to organize your Christmas gear?
Creative storage solutions can be found in the aisles of most department stores as they are clearing away all their seasonal products.
Copyright © 2015
The News-Enterprise is your source for local news, sports, events and information in Elizabethtown, KY, Hardin County and the surrounding area.


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Candy Stripe Big Shirt
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I wear these as after-bath robes. I have three of these which I wear as after-bath robes when I don't want something heavy. They just get better with more washings, and the colors soften to prettier pastels, which I like! They can be ironed if you like a crisp look, but I hang them up, ready to go when I want them. They're the best for cooling down after the bath I've found! January 31, 2014
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Cool Sleeping! I've been looking for a light and loose cotton nightshirt for sometime. I ordered this and it's PERFECT for warm nights when you don't want extra heat generated by pajamas! September 25, 2013
Way too big Too big, unusual fit, not comfortable, too much money. Order at least a size smaller then you normally would. Buttons too small, continually opens. September 11, 2013
Like a big comfy over sized "Guy" shirt I bought a size up from my normal size, usually do in sleepware to counteract binding through the night. Bought one earlier and liked it so well I came back for another. Sleeves can be rolled up on hotter nights and I add leggings on the cooler nights. Takes a few washes to feel broken in, washes and dries well, easy to fold. August 15, 2013
Buttons! The night shirt is quite comfortable. The problem is the buttons are too small for the button holes causing them to come unbuttoned a lot. Thanks, Janie August 9, 2013
Candy Stripe Big Shirt perfect for after bathing coverup This is the second one I've purchased. The first one was for myself. When my sister-in-law was visiting, I wore this after bathing while doing hair and makeup. She was extremely complimentary of this Big Shirt and wanted to get one for herself. Well, I couldn't pass up the opportunity to make the purchase as a gift as she is hard to buy for. She's one of "those" that has everything...BUT...not one of these. I had it delivered to her as a surprise. She says it is perfect for when she travels, laundries perfectly and doesn't wrinkle! August 2, 2013
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BugFiles How-to's Discussion Forum
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Read the 2014 Legislative Update Report for the Motor Vehicle Commission here.
Notification Options Are Now Available!
You can now get notifications from your licensing board or commission related to the following:
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The Tennessee Motor Vehicle Commission is committed to the uniform and impartial application of the Tennessee Dealer-Manufacturer Licensing Laws, Rules and Regulations.
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About Kudat STOLport
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Tuesday, June 30, 2009
What is a Reference Librarian, and Does It Need a Desk?
(A follow-up to last week's "What is Reference, and Does It Need a Section?")
I hate to even bring this up, because I have benefited from the current system of hiring professional librarians to staff the reference desk, but I'm going to anyways. Maybe it will play right into the hands of every director and budget manager looking for ways to cut spending, but I want to face things honestly. So I'm asking the question: Do we need professional librarians to staff public reference desks?
Having experienced the joy of uninterrupted work this summer, now that I am no longer scheduled every day at the reference desk, I cannot pretend to be objective about this. Personally I think that 90 percent of the time I'm sitting at the reference desk could be better spent in my office -- concentrating on LibGuides, working with faculty, creating library support services for students in online classes, fixing the e-reserves system, etc. etc. etc.
However, this is not to say that students don't need orientation to the library and, more importantly, the global information environment. It's just that those are not the needs I encounter at the reference desk. Rather, the majority of the needs at the reference desk are directional or technical, and have nothing to do with library services. In fact, most of the students I see at the reference desk would be better served by staff at the Tutoring Center or the Computer Lab. Also, I strongly suspect that of the reference questions I do get, students would find satisfactory solutions independently if I wasn't sitting near their computers.
I know a fair number of patrons, not to mention librarians, who would kick and scream about this prognosis. But to me it's a practical matter: The number of hours I'm at work are limited, and so how can I spend them most productively in terms of being useful to the library and the college? I would be thrilled to provide help by appointment. I can accept having a 'librarian on-call' status from my office. I'm happy to provide library orientation and information literacy instruction by scheduling classes and having students come to the library classroom to use computers. What I am not so happy about are the hours at the reference desk, when I think my time could be deployed more usefully and efficiently doing other things.
So where does this leave the 'traditional' reference desk? To quote myself: Ultimately, I'm afraid it is at best ornamental. There, I said it.
3 comments:
- AnonymousJuly 23, 2009 at 5:01:00 PM EDT
My only concern is that the reference positions usually are geared towards entry-level librarians, which means there might not be a place for a librarian with less than 3-5 years of experience. I am a paraprofessional and a soon-to-be-finished library science student and have gained a lot of experience working at the reference desk. Even though I have had reference experience, I wonder if a potential employer would consider me for anything beyond a entry level position.ReplyDelete
- AnonymousSeptember 23, 2009 at 6:35:00 PM EDT
The main reason it's important to have Librarians at a reference desk is to help students and faculty realize that there ARE professionals to helps them. Yes, anyone can point students to the bathroom, and anyone with 3 hours of experience can tell a student where to find a book, but only a trained and experienced person can recognize by the type of call number, the way the questioner carries him/herself when to proceed with the reference interview...not just a "click here, then click here, then click here..." kind of answer.ReplyDelete
The previous poster is right, library admins keep putting inexperienced people out front. Anyone who's been helped by an experienced librarian knows how valuable they are to researchers. Please don't throw up your hands and say "anyone could do this" Anyone can be an unskilled librarian, but being a good reference librarian is more useful and gains more respect for the profession than being an admin, a cataloger or an instruction only librarian.
I'm very glad to hear that Anonymous #2 recognizes the value of having librarians at the reference desk -- I will be keeping these motivational thoughts in mind as I embark on another semester.ReplyDelete
However, I disagree that having a librarian at the service desk earns us professional respect. I think non-librarians are often extremely surprised to find a person with expertise and a master's degree staffing a public service desk. I also wonder if higher-ups at academic institutions, when they think of librarians at all, say to themselves, 'wow, spending their time at a public service desk is really the most valuable thing they could be doing? They must not have a lot to do.'
This is NOT to celebrate the fact that public service expectations have declined over the last several decades, but to say that the library reference desk is one of the few examples I can think of where a qualified, competent professional is sitting at a desk where any member of the public is free to approach. I'm really not sure we get (enough) general credit & recognition for this, and I'm not sure that's going to change anytime soon...
Again, I'm sorry if this sounds curmudgeonly. I would be happy to be persuaded of the opposite.


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- Rob Clark
- Cambridge
- United Kingdom
Sound Designer, Freelance / Self-employed -Media/Entertaiment
This conversation is closed.
Where would you go if you had one chance to move through time?
My question is simple. Where (or more importantly when) would you like to go if you had one chance to move through time, past or future?
Lets say hypothetically the rules are, if you do anything, it might provoke future implications e.g killing Hitler would solve World War II. Also, on a more important note, if you kill someone it might affect your existence e.g if you (for some weird reason) kill your grandfather, you would cease to exist. This meaning you CAN interact with the world around you.
For arguments sake, stepping on a butterfly won't change the entire course of civilization and meeting yourself won't result in the end of the world or yourself exploding etc.
Any way, where and when would you go if you had the opportunity?
I for instance (taking this from Back to the Future 2) would like to tell a past self to bet big on a race and win loads of cash if I were feeling pretty selfish!
Realistically, I don't know really know where or when I would like to go, so I am asking you lot to give me inspiration as I know you will!
Jul 12 2012: Rob, Life is so exciting and filled with wonders. I have had a teriffic ride through the years. I have seen the good, the bad, and the ugly and each experience has help to define who I am today. I have lived the past and it is what it is ... the past and therefore I would not want to re-visit or intrude on the past. However, I would like to give Grandparents and parents one more hug and tell them I miss them and love them. I look forward to the future and all of the promises that it holds ..... but if I jumped ahead a year I would miss all of the beautiful things that tomarrow and the day after will bring me.
So in summary Rob, I I know who I am, what I am, and like where I am. So I'll stay right here in the present. Tomarrow my grandkids will have joys and heartbreaks and I will be here to share their highs and lows.. It don't get any better than that. Thanks for the offer to journey ... please give my ticket to someone who wishes to escape.
All the best. Bob.
Jul 15 2012: Very heart warmingJul 11 2012: No issues to speak of we have agreed that its best they stay where they are and ill leave them alone. Do talk with 2 sisters though so not completly without. Also don't feel to bad about it if I would bend just alittle we would proably come closer to getting along.
I agree simpler times and less stresss. But a man could be a man without haveing to explane his choices. May not have it as easy with moderen conviences but id give them up in a second.
Barry Palmer
Jul 10 2012: I am not religious, but I think I would like to have a good long conversation with Jesus.
- +1
Debra Smith
Jul 9 2012: No question for me. I would go back to playand talk with my children when they were little. If I get Alzheiimers and they need to find me, I think that is where I will be.Jul 8 2012: I have moved through time because of a NDE/OBE (near death experience). At the moment, I prefer NOW HERE...or is it NOWHERE?
- +1
Rob Clark
Jul 9 2012: Very thought provoking.
- +1
The very idea of not moving at all is a great one. After all, whats so wrong with our lives that we have to leave the dimensions of our own?
Jul 9 2012: I agree Rob, that the thought of not moving is interesting. I love this earth life experience, and when it is time to move on, that is what I will do. I love being in the moment...here....and now:>) It seems that people wanting to be in a place or time other than the present is the challenge behind discomfort, anxiety, depression and anger in our world. What do you think?
Hers's another thought...can you imagine that we are moving to other dimensions AND here now?
Jul 9 2012: I agree to an extent, yes. A big contributor for people leaving this time is like people leaving their own country to live elsewhere (somewhere hotter), to leave the world full of their troubles concerning money, troubled family life, much like you were saying about anxiety, depression and anger. But we can't forget our human nature to explore, discover and fulfill our urge of curiosity. All these I know I suffer from greatly. Not necessarily a bad thing, after all, our modern civilization has been built on these desires.
I'm not sure what you mean by moving to other dimensions and being in the present... do you mean that our lives moving through one dimension and then once we pass, moving into the next?Jul 10 2012: Hi Rob,
I agree that as humans, we often have a desire to explore, discover and are very curious. I believe curiosity to be a GREAT motivator for change and movement, and it's also enjoyable to view the world through curious eyes, heart and mind:>)
That reminds me of one of my favorite quotes:
"The real voyage of discovery consists not in seeking new landscapes, but in having new eyes..."
(Marcel Proust)
With that in mind, there is an opportunity in each and every moment, wherever we are, to explore, follow our curiosity and discover:>)
Perhaps intent is an important factor to keep in mind when we are considering exploration of the place we are in, or another place? If we want to go to a new place because we are unhappy where we are, it might help to consider why we are unhappy, because wherever we go, there we are...with our "self". So, if we are going someplace else, it would be good to repack our "baggage" before we leave?
You noted in another comment that lots of folks want to go to the end...NOW. For me, happiness/contentment is a way of travel, not a destination. So, I enjoy the journey...here....now.
Nothing about our choice is good/bad...right/wrong...better/worse...etc. Our intent, however, could change our perception of any journey.
Re: moving to other dimensions:
Yes...we could be moving through one dimension, then passing into another dimension. I also suspect that we may have the ability to travel through several dimensions at the same time. Time is a human construct, so this concept may be difficult to understand. In other dimensions "out there", time may not be a limitation.
Rob Clark
Jul 11 2012: It might be a case also that people don't want to leave somewhere to get away from something or because they are unhappy, but perhaps move toward another thing. Maybe even enhance the world that they live in now, which is why I think people would move back in time to get rid of Hitler or another, to make the world they live in a better place today.
- +1
But that is not to say that someone else would not take his place. Which is why I agree with you wholly that not moving at all would be ideal, because who knows what might unfold if we alter ANYTHING in another life?
I also agree that emotions can take us places that time could simply not comprehend. Sure moving back or forward in different dimensions could help us realize dreams that could make us very happy indeed, but is the point of life not to make our lives here and now as great as possible?
I understand what you mean about time being a human construct, but reading back into your discussion with Stewart also he is also correct. While there is a time/space which humans ourselves cannot alter because that is the fabric of reality, our perception of time is based around our lives i.e seconds, hours are how we decided to measure the world. So essentially, without the world, our perception of time would be immensely different if we lived on Mars or something. But it is still a linear function and does not change.
I find the best way to describe what you mean about what I make out to be your definition of time being a human construct is when we are dreaming. We can nap for say half an hour, but our minds when we dream, take us to dimensions and plains of reality which become entirely our own and can last for however long we want. (Until the alarm goes off!)Jul 12 2012: Hi again Rob,
So, are you discovering that there are as many answers to your question as there are people in our world??? LOL
Yeah...sometimes, we may think we can alter something in the past and make it better, but who knows? Conditions that we think/feel may improve the situation may, in fact have the opposite effect!
Yes...I agree...the point in living this life experience is to make our lives here and now as great as possible....in my humble experience/perception:>)
We use time as a way to organize ourselves in the human experience. You say..."without the world, our perception of time would be immensely different...". Could it be that without the limitation of time, our world would be very different? Just an idea:>)
I agree with your perception of the dream state. I have not worn a watch for about 25 years. I eat when hungry, sleep when tired, and sometimes get lost in time and space when working/playing on a project. Thankfully, I was self employed for most of my adult life, and retired now, so I had/have a certain amount of freedom regarding time, and never had to punch a time clock, which I realize some people need to do.Jul 8 2012: To the end of time.Jul 8 2012: Go back and ride on an Argentinosaurus
Jul 9 2012: YES!
edward long
Jul 8 2012: To the end.
- +1
Jul 8 2012: The end of what? The Earth? Your life? Human civilization? The universe?
Jul 8 2012: Of Time.
Jul 8 2012: Just curious but as a way of looking at this, if you have the ability to move through time you require time to move through. So if you want to go to the end of time it's theoretically impossible as their is no time to go to, you could go to one minute before the end of time but beyond the end you couldn't exist.Jul 8 2012: Time is a human construct...a limitation that does not exist outside the human experience. So, if one simply wants to go to the end of time...turn off the clock! That would do away with the limitation:>)
Jul 8 2012: Ah but there's also the non human side to time, ie the thermodynamic side to time of order to chaos, simple to complex. So basically in this case the heat death of the universe space time may just break and there will just be nothing and hence nothing to exist in, and there'd be nothing to see anyway prior to the end of the universe, there'd be no light, all stars would have died, all atoms would have stopped spinning, it's really the worst place to be ever.Jul 8 2012: Dear Stewart,
Yeah...sounds pretty bad!!!
Interesting theory....however...you are still referencing human constructs. My experience is that there is nothing and everything..."out there":>) It is neither hot nor cold...neither light or dark...you get the picture?
Jul 9 2012: Kind of, but I'm using light and dark scientifically in terms of stars etc and heat in terms of joules of energy and time thermodynamically so when everything is in it's highest state of disorder there's no more time that we can judge then.Jul 9 2012: I know you are using scientific terms Stewart...who created those terms? Was it by any chance humans? I had to look up the word "joules"...never heard that before. I believe everything is always in its highest state of order AND disorder. The terms "order" and "disorder" are also human constructs. I like the scientific education....thanks:>) It's funny....I feel like we're on the same page and speaking in different languages! LOL:>)
Jul 9 2012: Things may be human constructs but it doesn't mean they don't exist, some (in my opinion) annoying philosophers will say we create reality but I'm much more of a reductionist and think reality creates us. The worst thing is I constantly read things with my science head on and then you say state of order AND disorder and I temporarily pause and try to think if it's even possible in my terms anddd it ain't. So because order as a word and a thing is a human construct same with disorder, this doesn't mean they don't exist and I don't think that's what your point is I think your point is the next bit. Because we created it, it means we made it around something, so we observed (this is Stephen Hawking's example) that a cup falling from a bench breaks, but we never observe a broken cup rising from the floor and landing on the table as a perfect cup. So we've observed this and also seen it just about everywhere else in the world. So we've made physical laws around this AND also noticed that it also works with our notion of time. There are more arrows of time which all point in the same direction as ours and all end in a very disordered or chaotic state, which is another reason why I think reality made us, it came first and then we evolved and observed reality and learnt to live within it.
Could you explain the order and disorder at the same time to me please?Jul 9 2012: I'm not saying that they don't exist Stewart. I'm saying that there may be something beyond the terminology we use to describe and explain things as humans. I think you've said something like that before too? Which is why I say it feels like we're often on the same page...speaking different languages.
I believe that we co-create reality in each moment. There are generally many factors that contribute to our perception of reality....yes? So, in my perception, it depends a lot on where the information is coming from, with which we co-create our reality. I agree with your perception that we observe how things work...make laws, rules, create terms to describe and explain...on the human physical plain.
Order/disorder....this is a very simple example...remember that I am not a scientist:>)
I have places in my home that are very orderly....living spaces for example...neat and orderly.
I also have places (the barn, shed, storage closets) that to some people look VERY disorderly.
However, they are, in my mind "orderly" because even though many things are buried and cannot be seen, I know EXACTLY where everything is, and can find it in a second.
So, it would appear that "order" and "disorder" are perceptions...terms to help us understand something, AND they can co-exist...just like many concepts in my humble opinion:>)
Imagine this simple concept on a much grander scale? Like the universe and beyond? Sometimes things appear orderly when they are not, and sometimes we perceive disorder, when that is not reality...maybe....to some people. Make any sense?
If something is not possible in your perception and terms, it does not necessarily mean it is not reality...yes? no? maybe? I think you get my point...like I said...same page different language:>)
Jul 9 2012: ahhh we're using different terms of order, my meaning is order being a high energy state and disorder a low energy state and is based on an observational change, you're definitions only set back as you stated was that it's also a matter of opinion as you find your shed very orderly even though it might look like a bull's been through a china shop.
And factors which create reality are mainly light, illusion of solids, and physical laws.
But I totally get you now even though we're on about two different things lol.Jul 9 2012: ahhhhh...Stewart... I was not aware of using the terms order/disorder in relationship to energy....different perceptions which can certainly lead each other astray in conversations!
So, why is high energy state considered "order", and low energy state "disorder"? What is the observational change that causes the difference in terms/perceptions?
I agree..."factors which create reality are mainly light, illusion of solids, and physical laws"...as created by humans. There may be other realities:>)
Jul 9 2012: It's not entirely the same order and disorder we're used to in our normal lives, for this reason scientists prefer to call it entropy, and it's based on one assumption which has to be agreed upon, that energy stored in one place is in relative order. So I'll use an example of a cube, in it's cube form it's said to have no entropy, but if I break it up into hundreds of pieces it's said to have lots of entropy. Why? Because it has lost energy to be broken up, so they could have called it anything instead of order and disorder.
But it's all to do with available energy. So in a universal context, the early universe had lots of energy in the form of heat, but as it cooled (due to laws of thermodynamics) it gained entropy or in other words it has lost available energy. So it all a measure of available energy.
The observational changes are many but here's a few, a hot cup of tea cools down and spreads its heat through the air, but a cold cup of tea never warms up unless we expend more energy to heat it up (energy cannot be created or destroyed only transferred from one form to another) so the observation is the change in energy levels, so say the tea starts at 100C and the air 20C, then the tea becomes 80C and the air becomes 25C (convection currents will constantly provide new air that's why the air isn't now 40C) And this will keep happening on and on until the tea loses all it's energy and the air spreads the heat over such a distance that the energy levels drop again to room temp. That's just one example of how available energy is transferred until there is none left.
I agree that there may be different realities but there must be common factors, as in we must all see a table, we all must perceive an attractive gravitational force, and experience the same idea of solids to name a view. They can vary on colour, even if you saw in x rays a table would still reflect x rays in the shape of a table etc, time is relevant to us, these are a few things I can think of.Jul 10 2012: I agree Stewart...it's not entirely the same order/disorder we're used to. It seems similar to me however...same concept...different elements?
You say..."I agree that there may be different realities but there must be common factors..."
I suggest that energy is the common factor. As you say..."energy cannot be created or destroyed only transferred from one form to another". In my perception and experience, energy keeps moving to a number of different forms...some of which we do not yet understand as humans. You said in another conversation, that there may be energies we have not yet discovered or labeled? I totally agree with that:>)
Jul 10 2012: There's dark matter, we're currently trying to see what it's made of and then there's dark energy which is 70% of universe's total energy and we haven't got the faintest idea what it is. And then we're blind to something like 90% of the electromagnetic spectrum so yea there's a lot of energy we don't know about. And I can't believe I left energy out of common reality, it's what keeps us alive.Jul 12 2012: I agree Stewart......energy is what keeps us alive. At the time of the NDE/OBE, when the energy left the body, the body was clinically close to death. My experience tells me that energy keeps EVERYTHING alive and operating synchronistically...humans and other animals, the earth and nature, evolution, etc....everything that happens in our world as we know it, and beyond:>)Jul 10 2012: I think I'd like to go to 5:30 p.m. this Friday.
Jul 10 2012: Why is that?
Nigel Bamber
Jul 10 2012: It's when I finish work for this week, and start the long drive home. Will be whizzing past Cambridge at approx 6:20. Will wave :-)
- +1
Jul 11 2012: Haha yay! Although this Friday I'll be Wimbledon so.. might not see it :(Jul 11 2012: Wimbledon's not a problem either. Will be within a few miles of there by 7:50. Will wave then :-)
Jul 15 2012: Nice wave! Haha :)Jul 9 2012: Watch a pyramid being built, see the first star ignite, go to Mars a few million years ago see what it was like then, see the first human ancestor to make a fishing spear, or a boat or start to develop language or the first hominid to show signs of morality, talk to Galileo or Da Vinchi , see the first fish/amphibian to leave the water
Comment deleted
Jul 9 2012: that certainly needs elaborationJul 9 2012: Yes I would like to know more about this?
Comment deleted
Jul 11 2012: Is it solely because of this man that evil existed though?
Would someone else not theorize the same ideas as Kant did?
I think people are evil, because they are just pure evil and not because of the ideas a person once formulated.
Although it's a good idea trying to get to the root of a problem i.e taking out Kant instead of Hussein.
By the way I'm not denouncing your theory, I would just like to hear more!
Comment deleted
Jul 15 2012: Are humans not the slightest bit evil by nature though?
Surely not every human is good through and through?
I know I'm not! I have my flaws (not comparing myself to a genocidal maniac however...)
There is no way for us to be truly pure, its our nature to want to break the rules, be different and escape normality. You could argue thats what many people you have described beforehand had done, albeit for all the wrong reasons.
Right and wrong are also points of view.
"One man's terrorist is another man's freedom fighter" - Gerald Seymour
Comment deleted
Jul 15 2012: What if however, someone is born a murderer?
If their primal instinct is to kill, not out revenge or for personal gain, but just because it is their urge and want to. Much like I feel I was born to be creative and create music, if someone feels the same way about killing to relieve their addiction.
It is not a right or wrong for them necessarily because they don't know any better maybe.
Obviously we would judge that person to be immoral, a sinner, sick or however you want to phrase it, but if we changed our accusations of immorality, that person could still be out in the world killing people and it may one day affect you directly. So the concept is not a bad thing.
Even if this person was obsessed with killing people who he deemed immoral, or were killers themselves, how would that be judged under this new law of morality?Jul 9 2012: Back to the old west. Simpler times appeal to me and the possiblity of meating an realitive slim to none my family didn't leave the east coast. I can stay if I want right.
Jul 11 2012: Do you have family issues then if you don't mind me asking? I'm sorry to hear so if that is the case
I too love the Old West, something about it is very appealingJul 9 2012: To all,
Thank you for all replying and taking your time out to do so. It seems the vast majority of you are saying the end, or a place where there is no time.
I would just like to touch on a point that Stewart mentioned as well as a couple of my own.
If you travelled to where there is no time, surely it would be impossible for you to travel back to where you came as you needed to time to travel. So traveling to no time would mean you being stuck there, or not being able to get there at all, as the point of time you are traveling to has no time space to get there.
Also, why would you all like to go there? I considered this to be my answer too. Say if it was possible to get to where there is no time, whilst it might be a huge insight into and could very well explain everything that ever happened, would it not be... boring?
Of all the places you could visit, all the people you could meet, all the things you could change, you would wish to travel to the place where you could spectate the end of all things?
Just something to think about!Jul 9 2012: @ Stewart re: "just curious, etc" True that. My problem is not chronological but liguistic. I sholuld have been more specific about the fat lady singing! I want to see her sing,not because I like her singing, I just want the "opera" to be over. Only those who believe that the end of Time is not the end of consciousness would grasp my point.
Jul 9 2012: ah ok
Gord G
Jul 8 2012: To somewhere before I get the one chance...so I keep getting the chance. ;-)
- 0
Jul 8 2012: But you can only go back once, so you only get two chances ;) haha
Chance for anything in particular may I ask?


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Drama, Comedy
In this slow-paced film focusing on Basque culture and politics, the life of Tasio (Patxi Bisquert), a man who works in the coal industry, is traced from his childhood (young Tasio is played by Garikoitz Mendigutxia), through his teen years (Isidro José Solano), to his adulthood. As Tasio grows up and learns about his world working on a coke pile, dealing with tragedy when deaths occur, or simply relating to his brother, best friend, or father, the issues of exploitation of the workers and the repression by the Spanish Civil Guard, and questions relating to the priesthood are brought forward. Both his home and family life as a husband and father, as well as his relationships to those around him, give a sympathetic and clear picture of Basque village culture, although the topic itself may limit interest in the film.~ Eleanor Mannikka, All Movie Guide
Cast: Amaia Lasa, José María Asín, Paco Hernández, Enrique Goicoechea, Patxi Bisquert
Produced by:
Directed by: Montoxo Armendariz
Written by: Montxo Armendáriz
Running time: 1hr 36min
Opens: Jan 01, 1984
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