text:
- Jeronique Bartley
- Washington, DC
- United States
This conversation is closed.
The true problem with education is ___________?
I don't want to further complicate the topic of education (as it seems to be more complex than it should be.) My goal is to get a general idea of your personal views on what the TRUE problem is in terms of education. We will go more specific later, but for now please just post your general thoughts on the above question.
Complete this statement: The true problem with education is___________.
Nov 16 2011: one size fits all approach
Jason Slover
Nov 23 2011: The true problem with education is how we don't take it seriously. This is especially the case here in America. In Japan, education is a top priority in the culture as a whole. Many students actually take entrance exams to get into better High schools. The truth is, there are actually a lot of factors causing problems in education today, but one thing is certain, and that's that our culture is not one that takes pride in education anymore. Whether it's kids being spoiled into not having a strong work ethic, parents not taking a vested interest in their child's development, under-funding by the government, or socioeconomic factors, the problems all start with the way our society views education. Unfortunately, changing the culture is no easy task.
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On a side note, for anyone who doesn't think there is a problem. . . Remember that we once had a TV show called "Are You Smarter than a 5th Grader?", and people rarely won. W. . .T. . .F!! That's entertainment? "look how dumb we are?", is prime time TV? There's your problem.Nov 17 2011: There is no one single problem. There never is. It would be much easier to fix, if there were.
Here's my 2 cents, for what it's worth..
Less system. More education.
Communities governing their schools and not central government.
A more open-ended definition of 'teacher'.
Far less assessment and 'accountability'.
Nov 19 2011: Tell us more about this portion of your 'highly valued 2 cents' :) Less assessment and accountability?
Nov 19 2011: The are a bunch of issues around assessment that need to be sorted out.
The first is to be clear as to the purpose of the assessment. In New Zealand, most of the assessment done in schools is for the purposes of the ministry of education for their statistical purposes (largely unnecessary in this day and age).
Much teacher-student contact time is given over to this type of assessment. Effectively, it's admin for absent bureaucrats.
Some assessment is for the purpose of identifying a student's abilities and knowledge so as to inform teaching practice to best move a student forward or "add value".
We need less of the first kind (make bureaucrats do their own spade-work) and more of the second.
Also, when the student is involved in that process, it becomes even more effective - that is, the student sets their own goals and monitors their progress towards and past it. Self Assessment.
As far as some external yardstick set by central government to 'fit' all students goes, it ignores the fact that everyone is different, therefore it fails from the outset.
The only people teachers and schools need to be accountable to are the students and parents (their local community).
Nov 22 2011: What grade level do you believe the 'student' involvement portion should kick in?Nov 22 2011: Right from the beginning. Obviously, the methods or processes that we teach to younger students would be simple and become more complex as they get older.
It's really just teaching them thinking and reflecting skills so that they can apprehend the process by which we learn new skills and retain information.
If we can get students to be self-critical, then that will act as a built-in assessment process that goes wherever the student goes, 24/7.
Joshua Brown
Nov 16 2011: I don't believe that in the whole of the education system anyone can find just one problem. That would make the job of fixing the system simple. We are faced with a myriad of problems that all need to be addressed. For example, philosophy is not a core requirement in education. What do we consider an educated person? One who has a grasp of critical thinking, reasoning, interpreting abstract thoughts, etc. I like to ponder why our leaders haven't been able to see the paradox in practice, but the truth is, for me at least, that our leaders are burdened by too many ideas, too much input, too many voices trying to be heard above the general din. In all of the chaos that is politics and society there are sensible solutions. But one solution is not going to fix the system.
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To understand what problems are in the way of the solution we need to spend some time evaluating the different levels of the system (i.e. the macro level, the micro level). I think it would be more helpful if we seek to address city-specific problems that are directly connected to the entire education system rather than looking for a total "one-size fits all" solution. I.E. School lunch nutrition.
Also, we could think about our stance on "global competition." How long have our children been alive? So long that they have seen the world beyond a screen? How many of our children have had opportunities to travel abroad and actually see the world through an unfiltered lens? Have we given our children choices or limited them with our wants? How much strain do you suppose it places on young minds, who know nothing more of the world than what we tell them, to be competitive in a global market? What does the phrase "competitive in a global market" even mean to children? Such is our philosophy, sadly, to hinder their personal development for the sake of the concept of competition. And what about expectations? I wonder how much pressure is on the youth in America to be "number one" rather than to do one's best.Nov 16 2011: ...Parents.
The teachers job is at school teaching the children how to read and right and so forth. The teacher has a limited reach to the children in the sense of education. That is all a teacher is there for.
Friends are there to simply get a student through school and what not.
So that would leave us with the parents. What are they doing?
Child wakes up, goes to school, learns math, comes home and the parents don't bother checking up on their beloved child. Then the child goes plays basketball, some videogames, and remembers that he has a project due and works on it for a couple minutes slapping some weirdness together and falls asleep to spongebob.
Umm.... is there something wrong with this picture?
Where are the parents in all this? If you guessed nowhere your right!
Parents are not checking up on their children like they should be. Parents are not helping their children with homework, or asking how did school go, what did you learn today in school, how can you apply that to daily life and so on. If the parent never shows them how to apply school work or never reminds them of it...well that is bad.
Parents are the motivators. Not the motive but the motivators.
Now don't get me wrong, sure our education system has problems. But that is not where it starts. It starts at home.
Nov 19 2011: How can they apply it to daily life? WHat will make the learning in school more relevant to home activity?
Nov 19 2011: Well that is a tough question but equally as good.
A student learns a certain idea or concept or thing and the parents learn about it. Then the parent should ask your very question Jeronique to the child. How can we apply what you learned today to your life?
Now obviously not everything can be applied to life. But what can be should.
The basic idea is to interact with your child specifically about what they learned on a daily basis. Otherwise what's the point of learning if you can't use what you learned? Who better to use it with than your parents?
Nov 19 2011: You bring up another important question Timothy 'what's the point of learning if you can't use what you learned?' That being said, may I mark your answer as "The problem with education is the inability to find ways to apply what you're learning in school with the things that go on outside of school.'?Nov 19 2011: Excellent! That makes sense.
That whole statement wraps up what I said about the parents and goes even further.Nov 20 2011: This is what we are doing in Denver. It is called the Ability Center www.thecollaboratory.comNov 22 2011: Your question is actually a great window into this topic. "Encouraging curiosity" really is a funny phrase when you think about it. I'm not really sure that curiosity about a topic is required for a good education in it. Certainly that helps but it seems clear that good teachers create something in the human interaction that makes kids want more classroom time. Maybe that's a curiosity in the topic but it could just as easily be a desire to please. Haven't we all had the experience of being turned to a topic we're interested in by really bad delivery? Clearly there's more than one way to skin that cat.
Personally, I don't find topics nearly as interesting as I find the way people talk about topics. My educational experience (to answer your question) is only loosely correlated to my interest to the topic. There are topics I'd wade through stereo instructions to learn more about but by the nature of that fact the educator plays a small part if any. I suspect we don't have a systemic lack of good grades or effective education in topics for which children show up eager to learn. It seems to me that we're at a disadvantage with topics where kids aren't interested in getting interested.Nov 21 2011: The job of teaching as well as the ture meaning of teaching is a process of kindling---oxidating oneself to brighten others' paths. The inner motivation of the teacher, from my humble opinion, is that their silent sacrifice is the behind-the-sences contributor to the development of the entire human race. Teachers are building airplanes with which their students can fly.
Sorry for replying so late.
Nov 22 2011: Chongjian, (you weren't late at all:) So your answer to the question is "The problem with education is some of the airplanes need to be built better?"Nov 20 2011: The true problem is, we don't have free online universities with peer rating based pay, available for free to all citizens in each respective country... : )Nov 19 2011: I believe we need a reform in education, because I believe that the current system (by this I mean the widely used traditional system were you sit in a classroom and listen to the teacher in the front of the room talk) is not very functional. First of all, in this system, it is not required of the students be creative or to have a deep level of understanding. We don't need to use our brains other than for memorization, especially with homework. Most of our homework consists of a scavenger hunt. We get a question, look for a phrase or sentence in our text book that answers it, and then we copy and paste this sentence to our piece of paper. There is no analyzing needed, there is not a deep level of reasoning and understanding needed. So then what happens is that many of those educated in this system become somewhat mentally lazy since they never got much of a chance to develop analytical and profound thinking/reasoning skills. Those of us educated in this system do not learn much,we just memorize. And we only memorize temporarily. This is why many people forget most of what they "learned" in school.
Every single child is unique. We all learn differently, think differently, and learn at different paces. Yet this system groups us all together into a room were the teacher gives everyone the same lesson in the same way at the same time. And this makes grading unfair, because instead of measuring intelligence or academic skill, grades measure how well you learn in the environment you are in, and whether or not you get into a school should not depend on how you learn. This also applies to standardized tests. They are better at measuring how well you are at tests with a particular format than they are at measuring academic skill (I am not saying they don't measure ANY academic skill, though)
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Nov 19 2011: Jeronique - I think that one of the serious problems in education is that teachers spend more of their emotional energy on feeling upstaged by students who are more knowledgeable / creative / resourceful / talented / smart / faster learners / than themselves than feeling honored in the nobility of their position to be a contributor / a part of the support system of the students' formation and growth.
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I feel this point is ever so constructively illustrated by Thomas in his presentation:
Nov 22 2011: Hi Juliette,
Thomas is a brilliant kid! I can honestly see how having a student like him can be intimidating, but I can only see it that way because it's the way we are trained to respond to younger, more talented, and creative individuals. We are trained to fear the spotlight being removed from us and being placed on someone else. So your answer is "The problem with education is the inability of teachers to remove emotional judgement from their teaching methods?"Nov 19 2011: .....it's certification only so far.
Nov 19 2011: please elaborate
Nov 20 2011: well I just filled up the gap as per the question
Here comes elaboration of what I feel.
The current so called education system fails educate in most cases. Rather it just certifies. very limited scope of creativity, nurturing innovation, it just make student to swallow data, fact, information etc and success of student depends on how efficiently one can vomit those in a time bound examination. Does not matter whether student understood or not what s/ he vomited on paper , grades comes accordingly. So main problem of current system is, it certifies, not educates.
Nov 20 2011: Isn't that the point though? Aren't you looking to the government education system to do something that we don't pay it to do? It's our job to make our kids creative, and happy, and noble... It's culture, and parents... we can't let government do that, that's our responsibility, but more importantly our right, and priveledge. Teachers shouldn't be expected to be parents, no one will ever pay them enough for that.
Won't you at least agree that vomiting up facts, correlates with learning and understanding those facts? I will concede it's not one hundred percent accurate, but we need people to be certified to know things don't we? Why do so many people seem to expect more than that from a state sponsored educational system?
Also... I would just like to point out, that when we didn't care about creativity, and nurturing children, we were more literate, and better at math... as a culture.Nov 19 2011: that there are too many static classrooms in the overall educational system which will never breed creativity or problem solving mindsets that lead to forward thinking cultures.
Nov 19 2011: What do you mean by static?Nov 18 2011: The true problem with education is whether the educators take it as a business or a sacrifice, as a means of living or as a path of fulfilling.
Nov 19 2011: So the inner motivation of the teacher?Nov 18 2011: Its difficult to say, and it depends what country you are from and what's going on there because there are different education systems... :/
However, I think...that education needs to include a class where kids learn to engage and explore...to learn how to learn... if that makes sense.
Nov 19 2011: Definitely makes sense. Do you think there are any educational programs in place that emphasize those points?Nov 17 2011: I've never heard a teacher say "I don't know but I'll check on wikipedia."
Teachers are expected to know everything, and they feel menaced when you challenge their knowledge. That's a shame.
Half of my education was getting rid of the other half of lousy education.
So I wish teachers were masters at saying "I don't have a clue, but I know exactly how to find out, and I know how to help you understand whatever it is that we find out."
Nov 19 2011: Do you think they are expected to know everything or do you think 'they' believe they're expected to know everything?
Nov 19 2011: I think it's the latter, that they believe they're expected to already have answer to everything.
Which is something I can understand. Everybody doing a job and getting paid for it feels the need to display professionalism, give clients or employers reasons to be trusted.
It's a shame that some teachers think that their ability to teach is less valued that their ability to come up with answers.Nov 17 2011: We learn. Usually we love to learn. But some, unfortunately have difficulties with learning. Some get put off learning. Some cant focus and transition to long term memory. This is what I am interested in. How do we teach those who have difficulties learning? Mainstream Education normally goes into banishment mode. I teach the ones schools wont teach. It requires energy , desire and something that makes it stick. Emotion. ISometimes they have learned through pain. Sometimes it is more important to unlearn. sometimes we learn things no person should have to learn.
Nov 19 2011: Are you saying students who have difficulty learning things quickly should be getting more attention?
Nov 22 2011: I guess so Jeronique. i work with those who were totally disenchanted with school and learning, though I suspect the parent were big factors also. There is a huge feeling of shame if you cant read and therefore learn. Often these kids drop oiut early and fall into crime. No one likes to be a dumb ass. They have also lost the desire to learn. Because their ways of learning have not been catered for. There is very little learning by doing in schools. And this is how many learn. - not by reading or listening. When they get to our hands on school. They give a huge sigh of relief. And begin to shine.
Nov 22 2011: Are you a Montessori teacher? or what type of school are you currently teaching in?Nov 17 2011: Posted previously..fyi
First in yesterday's world the majority of knowledge actually came from industry. It took schools around Silicon valley more than just several years to start asking for people from the industry to teach new classes as an example. Today with technology a major subject and research being done on campus in many areas plus the Internet that has changed.....BUT.....changing people, particularly academia is a much more difficult task. AS a pointed criticism why is the master apprentice teaching method (the most effective possible) non existent when technology allows it....ie.....watch the lecture but have the professor available as the mentor (and why not have the best presenter or professor give the lecture....once recorded it). To further embarrass the academic elitists go to the Internet and do a simple query. How do students learn? Two hours later you will discover (with the exception of going to sites on primates) very little is known. II this an assumption that what exists is best(?) or an entire industry that is very slow to improve and only very recently has even started to use the Internet for Education....despite it's being around for 20 years. Nor does it question it's methods (In industry no improvement = failure). Sadly white papers of any substance are missing and that was with 9 hours prowling the net and college papers. To ultimately embarrass them ask the simplest of all questions.....what is the purpose of school? If you get back anything other than "to learn to think" they are from possibly not "sapiens". Basics plus the Internet (the world's library contain everything you need fortunately does exist (less the mentor). Bottom line....academia in general is not progressive....tenure and security are goals...improvement eliminates jobs. States, the DOE and alumni can change this if you revolt if only for cost reasons alone. Education is an industry that has not had much competition and that is changing. Share the thoughts.. changeNov 16 2011: Sounds like model work. I think my point is that education by it's nature is a process and although educators can be very good at moving that process forward, kids taking an interest in the process to begin with is different. We don't really have a word for that; a word for "person who gets kids interested in finding things out"
Nov 19 2011: Do you not believe 'teacher' is the word?
Nov 20 2011: No I don't actually. That's not a slight to teachers (both my parents were teachers), we just don't have a term for the work of getting people generally curious about the world (outside from in school). "School" and "teacher" are too general as words. They're like "sport". The word describes tai-boxing and chess. We really don't have a good description for the out-of-school work or the out of school worker and I think our lack of a forum and language to talk about the topic holds us back culturally from improving the structure around our kids.
Nov 22 2011: So let me ask this... from the education you received do you believe curiosity was encouraged or do you believe that's more of a modern day technique?Nov 16 2011: that teachers do not recieve merit based pay. You can't pay a teacher more one year for good performance, and then pay them less the next year for poor performance. If you could, teachers would be much better.
Another true problem is that we now want 95% graduation rates from high school. Formal education is designed to create distinctions between competente people willing to work, and incompetent people, unwilling to work. In a formal education, hard work should make up for slowness, and sharp wit, should make up for lazyness... but at least 20% of people are a little slow, and a little lazy, especially at 17/18... So about 20% of people should fail out of high school.
I recently heard a study suggest that 54% of women who attend college, now graduate... Are 54% of women distinctively smart? If not, what does the degree mean, if you haven't distinguished yourself? Something like 44% of men graduate... not much better... it should be like 20-25% of people, that's the percent of people that are actually distinctively smart AND hardworking. Or am I just being cynical?
I tend to think the biggest problem with education is that we tend to expect too much of it, and we pay people who are educated too much more than people who aren't, especially if we're letting half the people graduate from college. If 95% of people graduate from High School... Dropping out shouldn't matter... because graduating doesn't matter, you haven't made any distinctions among the students.
Nov 17 2011: How do you measure that teacher performance, because most people that suggest that seem to think student test results is the obvious way.
It's the most convenient, perhaps, and certainly, it seems logical to bureaucrats. Unfortunately, it's simplifying things too much.
I'm all for performance pay IF teachers are also allowed to hand-pick their students and limit class sizes to a maximum of 9 students. But you can see the obvious problems that would lead to.
The other solution is to cure all societal ills so that teacher performance is the only variable, making student performance a realistic indicator of teacher performance.
Or, as most schools already do, have appraisal systems independent of student performance.
You start to see that the issue does not lie with teacher performance alone. Rather with myriad other influences.
Nov 20 2011: I would argue that everyone gets the same amount of "bad" batches of students. The same number of dissinterested parents, and the same number of morons, when averaged out over time.This paradigm would require good teachers to occasionally accept a bad semester of pay, despite being amazing at their job, but over time, if they are great, they will be paid dramatically more than if they are horrible, and thus we incentivize quality, over seniority.
Nov 20 2011: Measuring the "quality" would require more resources than any ministry would be willing to provide. Like the private sector model you're talking about, the measuring stick would become statistics, which are generally too removed and artificial to be meaningful.
Given that there is already too little money in education, teachers would stop sharing resources and ideas and get protective of their "intellectual property".
It's probably not teachers that would get the right to veto 'poor achievers' from their class, but the school. They would end up turning students away to keep themselves high on the school ranking list.Nov 20 2011: What's your brilliant alternative though? There's no such thing as merit? Just seniority? Ya, it's a brilliant model... merit based pay, that should be dismissed. Teachers don't get to choose their students, nor do schools, the government chooses in the public sector, in America. In a democracy, we can choose to take control of that. We can vote on a new way of looking at education, that actually pays people based on results... Novel, crazy idea I know.
If ministries won't pay enough money... here's a thought... Do something about it. Volunteer tax dollars, protest outside the ministry... That's on you. It's only your childrens education though, I'm sure there's some much more important TV on.
Btw, in my country, too little money is no where near the problem, in California, they've fired less then a hundred teachers for cause this decade out of 50,000, as our kids started dropping out like crazy and "graduating" from high school illiterate. Meanwhile every teachers lot is full of beamers and benz's, and administration budgets which should be virtually negligible in a not for profit field like education, are enormous.
"Statistics are too removed to be meaningful." This is just nonsense. We don't pay educators to raise our children... We pay our educators to teach our children facts, and a curriculum. If we want them to be creative, or artistic, or suave, or sexy, it's up to us to instill those values in them. Lately we've focused on sexy... but once again... That's on us, collectively as parents. It's not a teachers job to teach your kid how to live his life, that's your job, and theirs. Whether or not you can answer simple dumbed down multiple choice questions, whether you have basic competence in the subject your studying... That's what the teacher is there for, and that's measurable. If it's not being measured by the test... well then design a better test.
Nov 20 2011: Most people disagree with me when I drop the "stats are useless" bomb. I see them as generalisations and stereotypes in number form and irrelevant when dealing with individuals.
As for merit based pay, my "brilliant" idea is to keep it separate from student performance.
To base teacher pay around student performance is a bit like docking a doctor's pay because people still die from smoking-related diseases.
I'm not saying that teachers should not be appraised, just that it should not be attached to student performance. It's lazy and there are too many variables involved for it to be accurate.Nov 20 2011: As far as "Shit Happens"... When the parents come to the ministry because their student did bad on the test, the ministry will actually be able to say "that teacher is on probation, because his class performed dramatically below expectations"... Or they'll be able to say "All of the other students in the class performed supperbly, and we have no reason to believe that your childs poor performance was related to the teacher...
So they either have something concrete saying, "yes, that teacher's a problem and we're working on it", or "your kid was lazy this semester, or he's dumb, learn to deal with it, teach him a trade, or kick his ass next semester"... Right now, in California, all the ministry/school board has the right to say to the parent is... "Oh yes, that teachers been underperforming for decades, but don't worry in a few years he'll be retired with a hundred thousand dollar a year pension.
Nov 20 2011: Nice and simple, I agree.
You've scratched the surface of the issue. Class sizes being drastically reduced would increase the teacher contact time with students meaning that a struggling student could get the help and time they need to move forward.
Students taking responsibility for their own learning would help in the area of attitude towards school. Education isn't like a hypodermic that you inject and everyone gets the same out of it. It requires a receptive mind as much as a dedicated teacher.
Parents need to be a part of the process too and not just being 'kept in the loop'. They need to be actively supporting their child.
If you need retribution for failure then the buck stops at the top - that was a US Prez that said that.
If a teacher is incompetent but can't be removed, then the appraisal system within the school itself needs to be revamped and probably made a lot more robust.
The hard part is separating personality clashes from actual incompetence. A lot of parents don't like a teacher and it has very little to do with the teacher's abilities.Nov 22 2011: Cool, we're way closer than I though on this issue. I guess it's a matter of, do you let the ministry set standards, and pay teachers based on their abillity to meet/exceed those teaching standards... Or do you base it on results generated by students... which I admit are much more variable...
I tend to still side with variable teacher pay, based on student performance, because I think it inspires innovation, and risk taking... I think some teachers would feel like trying extreme, and unusual methods, if they thought it could get them impressive results... I would like to see teachers, rewarded and punished based on their personal innovations, and I think the teacher focused methodology may be too uniform, it may make every teacher the same, and that might be good at first, but I think long term it will evolve slower. I understand where you're coming from now though, and there's probably a middle ground there somewhere.Nov 19 2011: Just curious to know what "merit" would entail specifically in your opinion.
Nov 20 2011: I would say, as with most things there are several variables. I would argue, as Scott dismissed... that part of merit, is testing. Can the child read, can it write, can it calculate a fair tip in its head? For each class merit would simply be, did the child learn the facts, that it was supposed to learn.
I would argue that despite what class you start with, your responsibillity as a teacher, is the same. Teach the child the curriculum. How close you get to your goal, should effect your paycheck in a capitalist society. Yes, some years you will get a "bad" batch, and your pay may be reduced unjustly... Shit Happens. People need to stop assuming they deserve pay raises based on seniority. If they did a good job, and there students do well, at the end of the semester they should get a bonus, if their students do horribly, they should be put on probation, and have their pay reduced.
This means there are no excuses... No matter how bad your students are, you are held to the same standard, teach them the curriculum.
Now, I would also concede that there are two other ways in which teachers can generate merit, that are much more difficult to adequately tie to pay. Can you take a student that doesn't like society, doesn't like culture, and doesn't want to contribute, and bring him or her in? Make them want to learn.
Second, after they learn do the students feel accomplished, do they want to learn more. Are they happy with the choice to engage in society. Those two would be impossible to standardize, and if incentives are offered for such behavior, which they should be in my humble opinion, they should be in the form of public awards, and principal/employer based incentives. Does the person in charge of the school believe on a personal emotional level, that this teacher great. If they do, they should be able to give a teacher extra money.
While these two things are different from testing merit... I think will they correlate, better than one would assume.
Nov 20 2011: Perhaps when questioned by parents or ministry over a student's below average performance, the teacher can then point to your shit happens clause?
"Fred performed exceptionally on his Tip Calculating test but when it came to his terrible performance on his thinking creatively test, well, Shit Happens.
Brilliant.Nov 22 2011: David and Scott, thanks for makng this thread even more interesting. I think you both make very valid points may I say that you both agree that "The problem with education is the lack of access to more individual time with the instructor for students falling behind?"Nov 22 2011: Quickest fix for schools is definitely reduced class sizes. It's easy to put in place but expensive, which is why it will never happen (unless a country is lucky enough to have a visionary for a leader).Nov 20 2011: "Formal education is designed to create distinctions between competente people willing to work, and incompetent people, unwilling to work."
Really? I thought it was to give people the tools they need to live the best lives they can.
I think we may have actually found what is wrong with education right there. Perhaps we could start thinking of the "customer" as the student, and not his future boss. Schools are not flaying machinery separating wheat from chaff, they're supposed to be places where people actually get TAUGHT.
Nov 20 2011: Well... then we can't pay for it... I actually propose that solution, free online internet education... But if an education costs a hundred thousand dollars, it damn sure better separate wheat from the chaff... Otherwise it was a horrible purchase, a catostrophic waste of money, and an accumulated debt during the 4 most productive years of your life, instead of accumulated wealth.
I'm not paying 100 000 dollars, for an education that doesn't make distinctions and give a prospective employer the impression that i'm worth the extra money it will take to pay back that loan. Things have to be worth what they cost, and education is really expensive. Education has never been about being taught btw, it was always private, and it was always a tool for wealthy elites to insure that their children retained their power.
Formal education was designed to take education away for the "unwashed masses", and keep it in the hands of a select few. We have tried to remodel that, with public education... And that's a good thing, but now that it costs ten thousand a semester for some public schools... we're back to the old model, and we have to be because of price.
Also, people can only live better lives if they get, or create better jobs for themselves, so you start with the real customer, students AS employers, or students as employees. If the education system no longer makes you a more valuable employee, it's not worth the money, watch ted and read project gutenberg, it's free. If public education was actually free, you could make the argument that it's goal was to teach... but so long as it costs money, it must be worth what it costs, and thus it must make you worth more money as an employee... Who cares about the employers... You're going to work some day, will this education make you get paid more? cus experience will. If it's not difficult to get a degree, and it's still expensive, then degrees are obselete.
Nov 20 2011: If you are not capable of (or interested in) a university education, then you should be given options to further your chosen career path through other means (apprenticeship, working your way through a business, etc.). Why bother wasting the money?
There are plenty of personality types that never finish university and not for lack of skills or because they are "unwilling to work." I, like many entrepreneurs, didn't even finish my BA. In my case, it was because it was the Great and Wonderful Tech Bubble and I was offered a rather obscene amount of money to go work in the US in a field that was only tangentially related to what I was studying (film theory and philosophy - though primarily logic).
And then I started my own business, so it seems unlikely that I will ever go back and finish the requisite 200 hrs of foreign cinema and a breadth requirement.
Very few people I know are actually working in the field they studied, so no, I don't actually think that people pay $100K to be elevated somehow. My social circle runs high in entrepreneurs and execs who have either no degree or an irrelevant one to what they are doing. Or, EMBAs who effectively paid $60K a year to have an assistant do the MBA for them.
I'm also, btw, a former Associate Director of the byDesign eLab at the McLuhan Program in Culture and Technology, without so much as a BA. There's a reason why so many gifted programs are autonomous study programs - the students learn better on their own. The education system, even at the post-secondary level, is currently aimed at the middling swath. You can go ahead and pay your $100K to prove that you are the best of the average.Nov 22 2011: David and Gisela, can I take from this discussion that you both agree on the premise that "The problem with education is the cost is much higher than the rewards and the need for formal higher education programs is becoming unnecessary with the acces to alteranitve opportunities?"Nov 22 2011: I'm not saying that the model should work the way I describe it, I just think it's important to recongnize the roots of our education system. Which unfortunately comes from a place, where wealthy people pay money to distinguish their children, from their peers children. If you want to learn something, you learn it, if you want to prove you learned it, you pay 3000 dollars to a professor to test you on it. This kept access to education away from the poor. I think that that is a horrible model for an education system, and we need to change it. It is important to remember the point of the system though, which was you pay for accredation of learning, not learning. Changing that, is a fundamental restructure of our system.
I actually propose a two tiered approach. Free online education and testing for all, which provides baseline credentials of competency. And expensive, grant, and scholarship oriented private schools, that are really hard to graduate from. If you get a degree online, you can get an entry level job in the field you choose, but you are considered an apprentice, or trainee... Where as, if you prove that you're in the top 1-5% in IQ and work ethic, and then you graduate from a college that fails 80% of it's students... As a society, we should fast track you into leadership. We do want the best and brightest to take on leadership roles right?
In that spirit. I would say to Jeronique, "The problem with education, is that the cost is much higher than the rewards, and formal higher education programs are becoming unnecessary, as access to information grows... but we still need a structure for proving competence, while accessing these new alternative information sources."
The only caviate to that would be that I still believe formal education does a decent job with engineering, chemistry, biology, etc. Some degrees still get bang for their buck, but we tell our kids all degrees get that, and that's not really cool.Nov 16 2011: Educators are catalysts not starting points. Lets not call it education lets call it the discipline of learning because that seems more appropriate. Looked at from this lens I think more responsibility lies on the environment around the child and less on the educator. Educators have a lot to answer for it's true, but we're never going to be able to measure their contribution to a child's life in real time. We can (at least in theory) concieve a way to measure a child's progress in mastering the discipline of learning although it has eluded us in practice.
Nov 16 2011: I like your point although I do not know what context you refer to with the word catalyst.
I have a child of 7 months I don't expect the educator to take sole responsibility for my childs education as like you say the responsibility lies in the environment that he lives. Although I am certain that in time my son will develop his own likes/dislikes but in the meantime I have taken him to the London Science museum, art galleries and music venues as these are my wifes and I likes. Yes like any good parent I want happiness and success in life for my son, and there are lots of subjects I and my wife cannot teach him as we are not experienced enough that is where schooling comes in. however let me give you an example of how I can teach my child, I have heard many parents say how 'black history should be taught in schools. The reason some will say this is because they believe it may raise self esteem and boost exam results. Now in my opinion I would not want a school teaching my son any 'black history' why? Because I am confident that most schools would not do a better job than my family or I in teaching him many facets of history.
im more interested in him being taught the national curriculum rigorously so that he can stand a chance in our globalised worlrd.Nov 19 2011: I believe both yourself and Dania Mah (above) are in agreement. Am I correct?
Nov 19 2011: Broadly agree Jeronique yes, essentially the point I was making is that I don't expect the school to cover 100% of my childs education. In other matters I had a coversation with an educator at one of our leading public (US private) schools today. He told me that being able to play or converse about rugby and knowing classic English literature such as 'Just William' were seen as positives


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Museum Ship Valley Camp
Editor's Review
You can't miss the 550-foot-long, 11,500-ton Museum Ship Valley Camp docked next to Kemp Marina on the St. Mary's River. Literally. You can't, and shouldn't, miss it.
Listed on the National Register of Historic Places, the Museum Ship Valley Camp, one of five sites owned and operated by the nonprofit Sault Historic Sites, anchors the corner of Water Street and Johnston at the edge of downtown. Loaded with artifacts and exhibits, this historical maritime museum offers a veritable wealth of Great Lakes history, as well as an opportunity to explore the ship and imagine dailly life for the crew that called her home.
The Valley Camp, a classic cargo freighter, plied the Great Lakes for more than 40 years, carrying loads of ore, coal, grain and stone. Decommissioned in 1968 (due to outdated coal burning boilers), she offers visitors the rare opportunity to see an intact example of a Great Lakes cargo freighter. Adults and kids enjoy exploring the cargo hold's more than 100 exhibits (some hands-on), including wreckage from two of the lifeboats from the Edmund Fitzgerald, several sizes and types of Fresnel lenses, ship models, maritime and local history displays, as well as four huge aquariums containing a variety of Great Lakes fish species, such as trout, walleye and perch. For a snapshot of daily life on the ship, follow the signs and view the comfortable, well-appointed officers' sleeping and dining quarters, a distinct contrast to the crew's simple and sparse ones. Manuever your way through the engine room (you can almost feel the heat), then head topside for great views, including the river and town. Climb a short flight of steps to the pilot house, and imagine yourself at the helm of this historic vessel.
Tours of the ship are self-guided: All exhibit areas, except the pilot house, are handicapped accessible. Open daily, mid-May to mid-October. Check website for hours and ticket prices.

subset: commoncrawl


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Political Science is the systematic study of politics and its connection to human life. It focuses on the way people are governed and how they govern themselves in a wide variety of settings—including the state, the workplace, schools, and the family—and the way in which governance in those settings affect their opportunities and shapes their sense of self. Students who elect this major examine, among other things, the relationships between law and political institutions, economic and political power, culture, and identity. They develop the analytical, interpretive and critical methods necessary to understand these relationships across various levels of governance and graduate prepared for careers in law, government, teaching, journalism, business, and the non-profit sector.
Special Reports
Rahm Emanuel's Rubber Stamp City Council: Chicago City Council Report #7, June 8, 2011-November 15, 2014 - Release Date: December 8, 2014 The Cook County Board in the Preckwinkle Era: Cook County Board of Commissioners Report, December 16, 2012 - April 16, 2014


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Formules de tours organisés
- Activités d'apprentissage
- Activités d'aventures et de plein air - Activités aériennes
- Activités d'aventures et de plein air - Activités aquatiques
- Activités d'aventures et de plein air - Activités terrestres
- Bateau et croisières
- Centres thermaux et de bien-être
- Ecotourisme / Voyages nature
- Exploration culturelle
- »Boxe thaïe
- »Historique
- »Logement chez l'habitant
- »Mode de vie local
- »Spectacle culturel
- »Tribus des collines
- Golf
- Mariages & voyages de noces
- Méditation
- Shopping
- Tourisme indépendant
- Tourisme médical
Chiang Mai - Chiang Rai 4 Days 3 Nights
Tour Overview :
Chiang Mai - Chiang Rai 4 Days 3 Nights
mettre en évidence : Doi Suthep Temple – Phuping Winter Palace - Baan Tawai - Wieng Kum Kam - Khuntoke Dinner - Mae Kajarn Hot Spring - Rong Khun Temple - Golden Triangle – Opium Museum – Mae Sai Border – Doi Tung
Departure Date : Daily (On high season or peak season please contact us directly)
Tour Inclusion : Trip Includes:
- 3 star class hotel with Daily Breakfast for 3 Nights
* If amount of travelers is odd number, the room will set extra bed
* Single Room charge 1,500 THB per person
- 4 Lunches + 2 Dinners with Local Fruits
(Please mention kind of food as : Normal food or Vegetarian )
- All entrance fees in the program
- Drinking Water + Refreshing Towel (In Van)
- First Aid Kit
*A/C Van with Toyota Commuter D4D + Gasoline with Experienced Driver
*A/C Car + Gasoline * Guide will be the driver
-Insurance for accident medical Expense during the trip (1,000,000 Baht /Person)
Tour Exclusion : Trip Exclude
-Air, Bus, Train Tickets
-Own Expense
-Others expense what not mentioned on program
Terms and Conditions : Contact to www.konthaitours.com
Remark : www.konthaitours.com
Day by Day Itinerary :
Date 1 : 8.00 am - 9.00 pm
- 8: 00 am. Pick you up from Chiang Mai Airport, Hotel or Meeting Place in Chiang Mai Town and drive up-hills to Doi Suthep Mountain
- 8: 45 am. Visit King and Queen Winter Palace with nice garden and many kinds of roses, one of the most beautiful gardens in Thailand
- 10: 00 am. Visit Doi Suthep Temple the most important for Buddhism in Chiang Mai, make worship at the pagoda and then walk around and ring every bell around temple. A panoramic view of the city can be seen from here at 3,500 feet above sea level. (Include elevator fee)
- 12: 00 pm. Drive to town and take Thai – Western Buffet Lunch
- 1: 00 pm. After finish lunch we'll go to Baan Tawai with 5 star OTOP products as kind of handicraft products
- 3: 00 pm. Visit Wieng Kum Kam Old Capital City and we'll journey around by Horse-Cart to explore the old capital city of Chiang Mai, the local people will be your guide for horse-cart trip.
- 5: 00 pm. Check in at 3 star class hotel
- 7: 00 pm. We'll go to take Khuntoke Dinner with Thai & Lanna Tradition style at Khum Khuntoke, Khantoke dinner is a traditional of dinner which has been practiced for many generations for the Northern people to extended hospitality to important visitors; see Northern Folk Dances and various Hill tribes Shows which serves native northern food, such as fried chicken, chili sauce, pork curry (Gang Hang Le) and crispy noodles at Khum khantoke. After that, we'll Float Fire Balloon as well + 1 Bottle of water per person (Non Pork is on request)
- 9: 30 pm. Transfer you back to hotel
Date 2 : 7.30 am - 9.00 pm
- Breakfast at the hotel / Check-Out
- 7: 30 am. Pick you up from hotel and then drive to the north of Chiang Mai to Chiang Rai
- 9: 00 am. We'll stop at Mae Kajarn Hot Spring
- 10: 30 am. Visit Rong Khun Temple or White Temple created by Mr. Chalermchai Kositpipat one of famous artist in Thailand. The main temple building or Ubosot is a distinctive white color and decorated with fragments of reflective glass and can be seen from afar. Painting and murals inside the temple are also very beautiful.
- 12: 00 pm. Lunch break with Thai – Western Buffet
- 1: 00 pm. We'll go to Visit Golden Triangle, meeting point of 3 countries as Thailand – Burma – Laos at this point we'll Take Long Tail Boat across to Laos's Land to visit market and shop around (Include Boat to Laos + Entrance Fee)
- 2: 30 pm. Enter to Opium Museum and learn interest history of the Opium and the Golden Triangle.
- 4: 00 pm. Visit Mae Sai border to Burma, the most north spot of Thailand to shop cheap good products at Mae Sai market area (Not include Burma fee if you across to Burma)
- 5: 30 pm. Check-in at Piyapron Place Hotel with 3 star, at Mae Sai area.
- 6: 30 pm. Dinner with Thai Set Menu at good name restaurant Of Mae Sai. At Anatapura Restaurant. From the restaurant, you can see duplicate of Chavedakong Pagoda.
- 8: 00 pm. Back to hotel
Date 3 : 8.00 am - 9.00 pm
- Breakfast at the hotel / Check-Out
- 8: 00 am. Visit Doi Tung Winter Palace and walk around Mae Fah Laung Flower Garden within many plants in winter area and then enters to Princess Mother Commemorative Hall and learn interest history
- 12: 00 pm. Lunch with Thai Set Menu at the Royal Project Restaurant
- 1: 00 pm. Drive to Chiang Mai for 3 hours
- 5: 30 pm. Check in at 3 star class hotel
*Have your own dinner (Exclude fee)
Date 4 : 8.00 am - 5.00 pm
- Breakfast at the hotel / Check-Out
- 8: 00 am. Pick you up at hotel and drive to the North of Chiang Mai
- 9: 00 am. Stop at Orchid and Butterfly Farm with many types of Thai orchids
- 10: 00 am. Enjoy Elephant Show at Mae Tang Elephant Camp and see how cleaver they are
- 10: 30 am. Riding on the Elephant to the jungle for 30-40 Minutes
- 11: 00 am. Stop at Lisu Tribe Village and walk around for 10 – 20 mins.
- 11: 30 am. Take an Ox-Cart Riding back to elephant camp for 20 mins.
- 12: 00 pm. Enjoy your meal with Buffet Lunch
- 1: 30 pm. Take Bamboo Rafting along Mae Tang River for 30 mins
- 2: 00 pm. We'll meet our guide and van at rafting camp landing
- 3: 30 pm. Visit Hill Tribe Village within 5 tribes as Karen long neck, Yao, Lahu, Akha and Palong
- 5: 30 pm. Transfer to Chiang Mai Airport, Hotel or Meeting Place in Chiang Mai Town


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Prevention is the best medicine for sore throats caused by irritation or viral infections, says Dr. Asher. For instance, if you notice a sore throat in the morning, it could be caused by dryness from breathing through your mouth in the night, or it could be triggered by acid reflux while you're sleeping. A humidifier can rectify the dry air, and arranging your bed or pillows so that your head is slightly elevated can prevent sore throats due to reflux.
"If you change around your environment, you'll be less susceptible to sore throats," he notes.
Alternatively, you can take a few tested-and-true cold prevention products sold at natural food stores.
"Zinc does nothing for colds," Dr. Asher says, but he does like a Canadian product called Cold-FX, which contains a proprietary blend of compounds from ginseng, and another called Umcka, derived from an African herb called Pelargonium sidoides. The latter has also been found effective at preventing sinusitis and bronchitis.
"In my own practice, I've found it's pretty amazing," he says.
Whatever you do, don't ignore a sore throat that lasts longer than a week, which could be a sign of a serious problem.
"If you have severe pain that leads to difficulty swallowing, go see a doctor," Dr. Asher says, and if you experience localized pain -- soreness on one side of your throat and not another, for instance -- it's time to seek medical advice. Also, "any smoker with a persistent sore throat has got to see a doctor," he advises.
More From Rodale.com:
25 Foods That Fight Cold And Flu
5 Surprising Ways To Improve Your Immunity
Build Flu Immunity with 5 Zinc-Rich Recipes


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OK, first the concept. As always, I was dissatisfied with the desks you can buy - I think that most of those available on the market are either ugly or unfunctional. What irritates me especially is the waste of perfectly usable space, or using that space in a quite thoughtless way (like really deep and narrow drawers). Additionally, being a student I need lots of space for photocopies of articles I read for the course and not many desks have large enough drawers to accomodate them. Conclusion - build your own desk.
Most importantly, however, I never understood why most desks nowadays are so computer-unfriendly. Especially those that claim to devote space specifically for a PC case (mostly by providing a tray on a side) are absolutely hopeless - whenever you want to do something with the pc you need to crawl under the desk, and to take the case out you need to disconnect all the cables. Generally, they try to make your PC as unaccessible as possible. Now I like to play with mine, take a hard drive out every now and then, plug another monitor in, use external sound cards, etc., so I needed the thing to be always at hand. Conclusion - build the computer into the desk. Further conclusion - if you're going into all this pain, make it look cool and fancy ;)
Now a quick overview of the final efect.
Size: 125x62cm, 81cm high
- 2x small W32xD30xH10/8cm
- 1 large W32x55Dx34H
- 1 large for a printer/stereo
- 1 hidden tray for printer paper
- 1 hidden shelf for documents
- 4 small shelves for CDs (takes 2x 50CD spools each)
Built-in containers:
- 1 for handy a4 papers
- 1 for smaller papers (letters etc.)
- 1 for pens
- 1 for block notes
- 1 for small office stuff (paperclips, batteries, etc.)
Keyboard & mouse tray
Small box for an surge-protect extension cable, to keep the leads clean.
The PC case hanging on the back of the desk is accessible from uder the desk (the case just opens to the front which gives access to the motherboard and PSU) and through valve on the top of the desk (access to hard drives and the back panel). The optical drive, USB and audio ports are placed just under the desktop, and the power button is hidden. Oh, and they are no LEDs, I hate them, they just look silly and so unprofessional ;)
The whole design is slightly green as well - it reuses a lot of old materials (old PC case, old tabletop, etc.) and is very space efficient - it's many functions can be achieved without using too much materials. Also the good airflow in the PC case makes it very energy-efficient.


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Lawn and Garden
Business Type: Pest Control
Coupons & Specials
Cole Termite & Pest Control
Cole Termite & Pest Control was established in 1951 by founder William D. (Wink) Cole. Originally licensed in Texas and Oklahoma the company has continued to serve the people and businesses of Texas and Oklahoma since that time in the areas of General Pest Control, Structural Pest Control, Lawn and Ornamental Pest Control including Weed Control.
Cole Termite & Pest Control is licensed by the Texas Structural Pest Control Board of Texas and the Oklahoma Department of Agriculture. We carry Liability Insurance in excess of the requirement of both Texas and Oklahoma.
The home office was and still is located in Frederick, Oklahoma. Offices were expanded to Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, and Vernon, Texas. The business was purchased in 1980 by the current owner Wm. Gary Cole. Gary graduated from Oklahoma State University and after 3 years of working in the banking industry returned to purchase "Dad's" business. Gray's son Wm. Jared Cole returned to the "family" business in 2000 and is currently managing the home office in Frederick.
We specialize in offering Monthly Pest Control Service. The fee is determined by the size and scope of the work the customer desires or requires and is available to businesses as well as individuals. Our monthly service provides for call-backs at no extra charge regardless of how many times the customer needs us during the month. Monthly service covers roaches, rats, mice, crickets. scorpions, and occasional invaders.
Our Sixty-One years of being in the Pest Control industry lends us an advantage over most of the other Pest and Termite Control companies in that we have experienced just about every type of pest problem. We are confident that you will be pleased with the service you receive from our family. If you should ever experience any problems or have any concerns about pest problems or the service you receive from our company, you are always welcome to speak to Gary directly.
Thank you for considering Cole Termite & Pest Control for all of your Pest, Termite, Lawn and Ornamental care needs.
|Termite Control, Termite Inspections, Infrared Termite Inspections, Termite Reports, General Pest Control, Rats and Mice, Fly Control, Ticks and Fleas, Weed Spraying, Tree and Shrub Spraying
|Business Types:
|Lawn and Pest Control
|Service Area:
|Southwest Oklahoma, Central Oklahoma & Vernon, Texas, Frederick, Lawton, Temple, Grandfield, Chattanooga, Altus, Duke, Hobart, Hollis, Cordell, Cache, Snyder, Walters, Oklahoma City, Midwest City, Edmond, Norman, Jackson County, Tillman County


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XMT 304 CC/CV Accessories
Accessories for:
* All prices are U.S. dollars and reflect Manufacturer's Suggested Retail Price (MSRP) for the U.S. market. Tax, delivery and setup not included. Actual selling price determined by the Distributor. Prices are subject to change without notice. Additional items may be required for welding, such as shielding gas, consumables, and safety equipment.


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JVCC GAFF2ND Gaffers Tape Seconds are SOLD AS IS and can not be returned. There are no guarantees on the product but it does have gaffer's tape adhesive on it and it is vinyl coated cloth. Typical defects can include bad splices, wrinkles, blanks, dirty edges, lower adhesion and yellowing of outer layers. Inventory is limited and is sold on a first-come, first-served basis.
(1 to 23 rolls)
(24 to 71 rolls)
(72 to 119 rolls)
(>= 120 rolls)
* see individual roll price to left
(1 to 15 rolls)
(16 to 47 rolls)
(48 to 79 rolls)
(>= 80 rolls)
Offers the widest range of application flexibility available. Exhibits excellent processing performance whether manually or automatically applied. Has superior tensile strength, adhesion properties and holding force which ensures consistent, reliable seals. Hot melt adhesive will bond faster to a surface which is referred to as quick-grab or quick-stick. It typically has higher tack (will feel stickier to the touch), but is also softer. It has lower heat resistance, shear resistance, and sometimes UV resistance than an acrylic adhesive. NOTE: it is called hot melt because the adhesive is applied hot by the manufacturer and then hardens as it cools (you do not need to apply heat to the tape yourself).
Properties are similar to that of hot melt rubber, but natural rubber often holds where other adhesives won't (recycled fibers, dust, cold, heat and heavy loads). It provides good overall adhesion and moisture resistance.
Offer excellent performance, especially for applications in temperatures less than 40°F and greater then 120°F. It provides excellent clarity, has high shear strength, is usually more permanent/durable even when exposed to moisture, and it ages well over extended periods in fluorescent and sunlight. Since it remains clear for the life of the application and does not yellow over time it is ideal for applications such as sealing white cartons. While it has good initial adhesion it does take 24-48 hours to cure and to achieve its maximum bond strength (has gradual adhesion buildup). Another difference between hot melt rubber and acrylic adhesive is if you fold tape over making the two adhesive sides touch the acrylic adhesive will remain attached to the carrier (e.g. paper, film) while a hot melt adhesive will stick to itself and pull off of the carrier. It is the best choice for clarity, UV resistance and aging characteristics.
Is great for extreme temperature applications since silicone adhesive can work in continuous operating temperatures from -100°F to 500°F. They also exhibit good chemical resistance, retain electrical properties, and remove cleanly with little or no residue.
Zinc oxide based adhesive formula is a skin-friendly adhesive which is commonly used on sports medicine tapes.
Examples: 1/16 inch = 62.5 mils; 1/32 inch = 31.25 mils
Sign up today to be notified of upcoming deals and exclusive offers! Email Address:


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Nb: infants must be under the age of 2 and
children must be under the age of 12 at the time of
In the attractive Oberdorf region of St Anton, Chalet Hanzel has superb access to the whole Arlberg ski area. On the one hand, the main Galzig cable car up to St Anton is a 10 minute (approx.) walk away and the centre of St Anton, a 10 minute stroll (approx.). Alternatively, you can hop on the free bus which stops 40 metres (approx.) from the chalet and whisks you off to the glamorous resorts of Zurs and Lech, in 10 and 20 minutes (approx.) respectively. The choice is yours.
Lower ground floor:
• The heated ski and boot room is shared with Chalet Gretl (ID:32484)
Ground floor: (access via internal stairs from first floor)
Rooms 1 & 2 = 2 twins with shower and WC
• sauna, relaxation area, shower and WC
First floor:
Room 3 = twin with shower and WC
• living/dining/kitchen area and balcony (main entrance)
Second floor:
Room 4 = twin with shower and WC (uses main stairwell to access lounge)
Chalet staff live on lower ground floor. The owner's family live on the upper floor and shares the main entrance and stairwell.
PLEASE NOTE: Images are of a chalet similar in style to Chalet Hanzel.NB Large groups may book Chalet Hanzel together with sister property Chalet Gretl ( Id. 32484), which is in the same building. Please note that in this case, groups dine separately.
Iglu acts as a travel agent for disclosed principals/tour operators, further details
of which will be made available at the time of booking. Your holiday contract will
be bound by the tour operators terms and conditions.
Prices are shown for a basic room or unit, can be subject to change and are indicative
until time of booking. Please call on 020 8544 7114 for prices for other travel
and room options for this property.
The price shown includes 7 nights accommodation,
with flights from Gatwick.
Prices shown are per person per week based on maximum occupancy. Descriptions and
quality ratings are provided by the Tour Operator (or one of the Tour Operators
where similar holidays are offered by more than one supplier). We reserve the right
to make minor adjustments to the description or rating based on staff and customer
feedback. For payments by credit card, a 2.5% credit card charge (4% for AMEX) will
be added to your invoice. If you pay by a UK issued debit card, there is no charge.
All bookings are subject to a £5 per person Passenger Admin Fee charged by Iglu.com.
Please note: the above prices are not inclusive of tourist tax which in this instance
is payable in resort (approximately £3 - £10 per person per week in local currency).


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Damn the Defiant (1962)
Damn the Defiant! is an 18th-century seafaring drama from director Lewis Gilbert. Alec Guinness plays the stern but compassionate captain of a British warship, engaged in the Napoleonic wars. Guinness is popular with his men, which is more than can be said for his new second-in-command Dirk Bogarde. When Guinness tries to modify Bogarde's sadistic adherence to discipline, Bogarde responds by mistreating Guinness' cabin-boy son, knowing that the captain cannot intervene under the edicts of British maritime law. During an incipient mutiny, Bogarde is accidently killed, and Guinness knows that the crewmen responsible must hang once they reach shore. But after these same men perform courageously in battle, Guinness suffers a crisis of conscience: How can he condemn these fearlessly patriotic men to death, as he knows he must? Based on the novel Mutiny by Frank Tilsley.~ Hal Erickson, All Movie Guide
Produced by:
Directed by: Lewis Gilbert
Written by:
Running time: 1hr 41min
Opens: Jan 01, 2062
|Theaters for Today
Pick a day
on this day.


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Terms and Conditions for Macau Gift Card Incentive
By Viator, September 2015
Please read the following conditions of the promotion. The Macau Government Tourist Office cannot be held liable for any misinterpretation of terms and conditions resulting in non-payment of Visa ... Read more
3 Days in Macau: Suggested Itineraries
By Viator, December 2013
Even though most visitors to Macau will arrive for a day-trip from neighboring Hong Kong, one day simply isn?t enough to properly experience this multi-faceted outpost. With a history and culture ... Read more
Colonial Macau
By Viator, December 2013
When the Portuguese struck a deal with China in the early 16th century to clear the waters around Macau of pirates, they set into place an agreement which would lead to Macau ultimately being the ... Read more
History and Culture of Macau
By Viator, December 2013
The islands of Macau, located off the coast of Hong Kong in the South China Sea, can only be described as an anomaly. Here, in the middle of Asia, you can find yourself walking through an old ... Read more
Top 5 Things to Do in Macau
By Viator, November 2013
Macau, the Las Vegas of the East, is about more than just gambling. While the giant, extravagant casinos certainly deserve a visit, if only to see how different they are from those found on the ... Read more
See the House of Dancing Water Show
By Viator, May 2012
Just as visitors to Las Vegas pay big money to watch ?The Blue Man Group? or ?Cirque du Soleil,? so too do visitors to Macau cram themselves into the City of Dreams casino for an evening showing of ... Read more
Day Trips from Macau
By Viator, May 2012
Even though Macau boasts enough attractions to keep visitors entertained for a healthy number of days, after a while you may begin to get curious about what lies outside the colonial outpost. So ... Read more


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Cobblestone Farms20 Reviews
Welcome to the Cobblestone Farms wedding family!
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Cherry Barc Farm25 Reviews
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Cherry Barc Farm is a working farm located on 12.5 heavenly acres about thirty minutes west of Lansing in Vermontville, MI. Owners, Nick and...(more)
Bay Pointe Inn and Terrace Grille65 Reviews
Lakefront Resort
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Kalamazoo, MI | 269-387-3232
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Be Inspired
Grand Rapids, MI | 616-466-5872
The Goei Center is one of Grand Rapids' best kept secrets. It is one of West Michigan's most unique event facilities. Formerly the Kindel...(more)
Grand Hotel20 Reviews
Welcome to America's Summer Place!
Mackinac Island, MI | 517-349-4600
For decades, Grand Hotel has served as an exceptional locale for countless weddings. Today, we are well prepared to host weddings with up to 450...(more)
Radisson Plaza Hotel & Suites23 Reviews
Your Dream, Our Passion
Kalamazoo, MI | 269-492-6901
The Wedding Studio Inside the Radisson Plaza Hotel & Suites Planning a wedding is an exciting journey for any bride and groom - from picking...(more)
Cannonsburg Ski Area23 Reviews
Cannonsburg, MI | 616-874-6711
"Cannonsburg's classic rustic elegance creates an atmosphere perfect for weddings, open houses, receptions and more. Let us help in making your...(more)
Fox Hill Event Center41 Reviews
Where Dreams Come True In Northern Michigan
Cadillac, MI | 231-775-7650
Fox Hill offers a unique venue for your outdoor wedding and/or wedding reception. Your event is in a private setting where your party is the ONLY...(more)
Castle Farms86 Reviews
Charlevoix, MI | 231-237-0884
Romantic courtyard chapels, magnificent formal gardens, soaring towers, and stone archways all combine to create a unique and memorable castle...(more)
Noto's Old World Italian Dining and Banquet Facility35 Reviews
Grand Rapids, MI | 616-493-6686
Noto's is a local family-owned business that began in 1982 and has been in the present location since 1997. As a fine-dining restaurant, we feature...(more)
Evergreen Resort3 Reviews
Cadillac, MI | 800-632-7302
Idyllically situated on 350 spectacular acres of Northern Michigan, Evergreen Resort features 117 rooms, 20 suites, seven conference rooms, Terrace...(more)
Yarrow Golf and Conference Resort13 Reviews
Augusta, MI | 269-731-2030
When planning your special day, you want to provide your guests with something both wonderful and unforgettable. Our American Gothic...(more)
Grand Haven Spring Lake Holiday Inn32 Reviews
Making Dream Weddings Come True
Spring Lake, MI | 616-846-1000
Everything Under One Roof. Simple. Elegant. Easy. We can make any bride's dream come true, whether it's an elegant sit down dinner, a wedding at...(more)
Bluff Banquet & Conference Center19 Reviews
Grand Rapids, MI
For over 20 years, The Bluff Banquet & Conference Center in Grand Rapids, Michigan has been delighting guests with an outstanding array of...(more)
Railside Golf Club13 Reviews
Exceptional Outdoor Ceremonies & Tented Receptions
Byron Center, MI | 616-878-1140
NEW ALL-INCLUSIVE Friday Receptions for $6,995 Introducing All-Inclusive Friday Receptions. Host up to 150 guests in a romantic tented setting for...(more)
Frog Pond Village17 Reviews
Traverse City, MI | 231-357-9128
Up-North Michigan Charm...we invite you to experience your wedding day with us! We would love to give you a personal tour of our chapels and...(more)
McCamly Plaza Hotel
Battle Creek, MI | 269-969-4755
Grand Oaks at Thousand Oaks Golf Club17 Reviews
Grand Rapids, MI | 616-447-7750
Set the stage for an unforgettable wedding at Grand Oaks. Located just minutes from downtown Grand Rapids, our experienced wedding specialists are...(more)
Grand Volute Ballrooms117 Reviews
"I wouldn't change a thing."
Lowell, MI | 616-987-9000
We offer a variety of all inclusive ceremony and reception packages. Planning your wedding is easy! We provide the DJ, baker and decorator for...(more)
Mission Point Resort26 Reviews
Mackinac Island, MI | 906-430-8137
Surrounded by the beauty of Lake Huron and Mackinac Island, Mission Point Resort is the picturesque choice for Mackinac Island weddings, vow...(more)
Henderson Castle9 Reviews
Historical Majestic Architecture with Royal Treatment.
Kalamazoo, MI | 269-344-1827
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The English Inn, Restaurant, & Pub40 Reviews
A Tradition Of Creating Special Memories
Eaton Rapids, MI | 517-663-2500
Occasionally, when you may least expect it, you come across a spot in the world where time seems to have stood still, where graciousness of spirit...(more)
Grand Traverse Resort & Spa1 Review
Northern Michigan's Premier Wedding Destination
Acme, MI | 800-236-1577
People often remark that the most appealing thing about Grand Traverse Resort & Spa is its sense of the genuine. So when couples choose to...(more)
The Homestead20 Reviews
Glen Arbor, MI | 231-334-5300
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McFadden's Restaurant & Saloon37 Reviews
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Annual Fundraiser
We make a big splash every year!
2013 marked our 10th anniversary and a decade of benefit galas in New York City. Each one has been a celebration of our work, our friends and key supporters. The Safina Center (formerly Blue Ocean Institute) aims to reach a global, diverse audience with our message about the changing ocean, its challenges, practical solutions, and the need to restore living abundance to the seas.
This year's fundraiser will be on
November 12, 2014. 6:00 to 10:00 pm at
The Explorers Club in NYC.
Stay tuned for more details!
Annual Benefit – November 12, 2014
The Safina Center Annual Benefit at The Explorers Club was a huge success! For photos – Follow us on Facebook! Many Thanks to Our Benefit Sponsors Great White Shark ANDREW SABIN FAMILY FOUNDATION Emperor Penguin ROBERT CAMPBELL Spinner Dolphin LINDBLAD EXPEDITIONS ALFRED AND JANE ROSS FOUNDATION AVALON PARK AND PRESERVE Charity Buzz Online Auction Donors […]
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10th Anniversary Benefit (2013)
2013 Benefit Gala in NYC Thursday, November 14, 2013 Many thanks to our generous supporters and guests! Our compliments to the chef and staff of Riverpark. Gala Sponsors Andrew Sabin Family Foundation Robert Campbell Lindblad Expeditions Henry Foundation Alfred & Jane Ross Foundation Whole Foods Market Roger & Vicki Sant Keith Cockrum Special Friends of the […]
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2012 Benefit Gala in NYC
EVENT CANCELLED DUE TO HURRICANE SANDY STORM DAMAGE. BLUE OCEAN STAFF IS CONTACTING ALL SPONSORS & GUESTS BY PHONE AND EMAIL. STAY TUNED FOR UPDATES! Thursday, November 1, 2012 at Sequoia Restaurant overlooking the water at Pier 17, South Street Seaport, in NYC. This year's gala theme is the title of Carl Safina's new PBS TV […]
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2011 Benefit Gala in NYC
Thank You for a Very Successful 2011 Gala Benefit! Thanks to your support and love of the oceans, Blue Ocean Institute's 2011 Annual Gala was a wonderful success. Great auctions, good food, inspiring people, and Carl's moving keynote speech all made for a memorable and meaningful evening. Keynote: Carl Proposes a New Merger to Stabilize […]
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Tessa Cigler, M.D., M.P.H.
Dr. Cigler is a medical oncologist whose work is dedicated to the treatment and prevention of breast cancer. She practices at the Weill Cornell Breast Center where comprehensive state-of-the-art care is provided in a personalized and warm environment. As a believer in the benefits of a multidisciplinary approach to breast cancer care, Dr. Cigler meets weekly with breast surgeons, radiation oncologists, pathologists, genetic counselors and other medical oncologists to ensure that her patients receive well-coordinated and optimal care.
Dr. Cigler pays careful attention to the short and long term effects of diagnosis and treatment on physical and emotional well being. She provides personalized and comprehensive care, addressing issues such as diet, exercise, fatigue, anxiety, bone health, and hormone mediated symptoms. For younger patients, options for fertility preservation are carefully considered as the treatment plan is formulated. Women are supported both during treatment and beyond, when attention shifts to issues of breast cancer survivorship. Dr. Cigler treats all stages of breast cancer and also counsels high risk women on options for breast cancer prevention.
Dr. Cigler is an active clinical investigator. As a member of the Weill Cornell Breast Center research team, she heads several clinical trials designed to provide her patients with access to the newest and most promising options for therapy. Her collaborative research focuses on ways to gain a better understanding of breast cancer pathogenesis and side effects of therapy, with the overall goal of improving breast cancer treatment and prevention.
Dr. Cigler teaches second year medical students at the Weill Cornell medical college and mentors medical students and fellows on the wards. She is a member of the American Society of Clinical Oncology and the New York Metropolitan Breast Cancer Group. She is the author of several journal articles and book chapters.
Dr. Cigler received her undergraduate degree from Harvard College, and her medical degree from Duke University School of Medicine. She also holds a Master's degree in Public Health from the Harvard School of Public Health. She completed her residency in Internal Medicine at New York Presbyterian Hospital Weill Cornell Medical Center, followed by a fellowship in Medical Oncology and Hematology at the Dana-Farber Harvard Cancer Center. Dr Cigler joined the Cornell faculty in August 2007 as a medical oncologist and clinical investigator at the Weill Cornell Breast Center.
Insurance Plans Accepted
The following represents most of the managed care plans accepted by this physician. If your insurance carrier does not appear here please contact the physician's office as they may have individual contracts not included on this site.
* indicates this physician is no longer accepting new patients with this insurance plan.
- AETNA [Medicare]
- Aetna - Weill Cornell [POS]
- Affinity Essential
- Affinity Health Plan
- Blue Priority Network
- Emblem Select Care
- Empire Blue Cross/Blue Shield [Pathway X]
- Empire Blue Cross/Blue Shield [Pathway X Enhanced]
- Empire Blue Cross/Blue Shield [PPO]
- Empire Blue Cross/Blue Shield [EPO]
- Empire Blue Cross/Blue Shield [HMO]
- Empire Blue Cross/Blue Shield [Mediblue (Senior)]
- Fidelis Care
- Health First
- Health Insurance Plan of NY (HIP) [Medicare]
- Health Insurance Plan of NY (HIP) [Medicaid]
- Health Insurance Plan of NY (HIP)
- Health Plus - Amerigroup [CHP]
- Health Plus - Amerigroup
- Health Republic
- Medicaid
- Medicare
- Oscar
- Oxford Health Plans [Liberty]
- Oxford Health Plans [Medicare Advantage]
- Oxford Health Plans [Freedom]
- Rockefeller University - CoreSource
- UHC Compass
- United Empire
- United Health Care
- United Health Care [Medicare]
- United Health Care [Community Plan]
- VNSNY CHOICE Medicare [Medicare]
- VNSNY CHOICE Medicare [HMO]
Journal Articles
Cigler, T. and L. Vahdat. Integrating epothilones into the treatment of patients with metastatic breast cancer: clinical perspectives on incorporating recent data in the practice setting. Clin Breast Cancer, 2008. 8 Suppl 4: p. S166-70.
Cigler, T. and P.E. Goss. Breast cancer adjuvant endocrine therapy. Cancer J, 2007. 13(3): p. 148-55.
Cigler, T. and P.E. Goss. Aromatase inhibitor withdrawal response in metastatic breast cancer. J Clin Oncol, 2006. 24(12): p. 1955-6.
Kauff, N.D., Mitra, N., Robson, M. E., Hurley, K. E., Chuai, S., Goldfrank, D., Wadsworth, E., Lee, J., Cigler, T., Borgen, P. I., Norton, L., Barakat, R. R., Offit, K. Risk of ovarian cancer in BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation-negative hereditary breast cancer families. J Natl Cancer Inst, 2005. 97(18): p. 1382-4.
Cigler, T., LaForge, K. S., McHugh, P. F., Kapadia, S. U., Leal, S. M., Kreek, M. J. Novel and previously reported single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the human 5-HT(1B) receptor gene: no association with cocaine or alcohol abuse or dependence. Am J Med Genet, 2001. 105(6): p. 489-97.
Book Chapters
Cigler, T, Ryan PD. Breast Cancer Genetics and Clinical Presentation. Harrison's Handbook of Oncology, Bruce Chabner, Thomas Lynch, Dan Longo eds. 2007 McGraw-Hill, New York, NY.
Honors and Awards
Harvard University Derek Bok Certificate of Distinction in Teaching (1995)
John Harvard Scholarship for Academic Achievement (1995)
Elizabeth Carey Agassiz Merit Award for Academic Excellence (1996)
Magna cum laude Biochemical Sciences, Harvard College, Cambridge, MA (1996)
Howard Hughes Medical Institute Research Fellowship (1999-2000)
Duke University School of Medicine commendation for thesis research (2001)
- Medical Oncology
- Hematology
- Breast Oncology
Clinical Expertise
- Breast Cancer
Contact Info
Board Certifications
- Internal Medicine
- Medical Oncology
- A.B., Harvard University, 1996
- M.D., Duke University School of Medicine, 2001


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Snow season still strong
Snow season still going strong in northern NH
ALBANY - Philip Shea of Bridgton, Maine, was in the parking lot at the Albany Covered Bridge on Wednesday afternoon with his cross-country skis leaning against the tailgate of his truck.
Shea, 27, was ready to go through the bridge to the Lower Nanamocomuck Trail, something that was not possible a year ago at this time. By late March 2012 the mercury had already hit 80 degrees in the White Mountains, and what little snow there had been was long gone.
This year's unseasonably cool March weather, combined with the late winter and early spring storms, has stretched out the season for winter outdoor activities in the White Mountains and farther north.
"It's been a good winter," Shea said as he finished applying klister - the soft, sticky ski wax used for icy, slushy or wet conditions - on his skis. "Last winter you didn't even have to shovel," he added.
The snow in the woods and trails is good news for those who enjoy spring skiing and snowmobiling.
"The past few months of March (in recent years) have not brought much natural snowfall, but this year is certainly making up for that. The stage is now set for an awesome spring skiing season, which really makes the deals on lift tickets and season passes that much more valuable to our guests," Karl Stone, Ski NH's marketing director, said recently.
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Empower people with robust BI tools to get business insights faster and easier — all through the tools they use every day.
With data being generated faster than ever before, you need tools to help you easily find this data and combine it with data from your own organization. Microsoft helps you easily find relevant data wherever it lives — in the confines of your business or from the cloud.
With business intelligence tools built right into Excel, and supercharged by a powerful back-end data platform in SQL Server, Microsoft makes it easier for everyone to discover new insights and uncover new connections and relationships across data sets.
Data is growing faster than ever before. The days of having to worry about what data is kept and stored and having to put it through lengthy IT cleansing processes is over. Now it's about mining through mountains of data – often of different types and in real time. As the amount of available data increases, how can people best use this for their needs — whether that's looking for new business opportunities, finding competitive differentiators, or just keeping operations running smoothly?
Microsoft business intelligence solutions are designed to help people go from idea to insight quickly. From BI in Excel to more advanced analytics in SQL Server, Microsoft covers the entire spectrum of data analysis needs—all with a familiar set of tools that don't require people to learn new ways of doing things. People can create their own reports in Excel and take advantage of advanced capabilities that had previously been locked behind complex and hard-to-use tools.
Now people can create stunning, interactive views from any data using Excel 2013 — all without writing any code. And business meetings can be even more productive when people can present and make real-time decisions using interactive charts and reports that can be changed on the fly directly in PowerPoint. Share and collaborate with other people by using SharePoint while retaining the rich data-linked visualizations that were built in Excel.
Building data warehousing solutions for analytics can be difficult and costly — often with an analytics solution that's outdated before it's even released. With more data than ever being generated more quickly than ever, businesses don't have time for lengthy projects.
The good news is, you can count on Microsoft tools to work together and scale seamlessly — whether you're looking at small data in Excel or a multi-petabyte data warehouse. You can easily transition from running simple queries in Excel to connecting to managed reports available through SharePoint.
Data science and other analytics follow a common path to getting an answer. First, you identify and form your questions. Then you find and combine the available data, often from multiple sources, and run analyses. And often, you run this question-to-answer process multiple times. For organizations to get the most competitive edge, it's often about getting meaningful results quickly.
Microsoft's complete and unified data platform allows IT to leverage existing skills and rapidly develop powerful data-driven solutions giving them the technical agility to focus on what matters most to the business. Microsoft offers this in a familiar and robust database solution—SQL Server, bolstered by a rich set of complementary and powerful technologies connected to the cloud in Microsoft Azure. With Microsoft, IT has robust tools to handle virtually any data-driven problem.
And for applications, Microsoft's "any-data, anywhere" approach lets developers work seamlessly with any data regardless of type, structure or location without having to worry about scale, performance, security or availability. It's easy for developers to take advantage of Microsoft's complete data platform with data management tools and support for data manipulation, including relational, non-relational and streaming, through tools like Visual Studio. In fact, IT can also build and run data-driven applications using on-premises software or Microsoft Azure.
Advertising agencies have long sought a simple way to gauge the effectiveness of the campaigns they create for their clients. Using Power BI for Office 365, media agency MediaCom is analyzing paid and earned media activity in order to quickly optimize campaign performance and "spend" across every channel. The process takes just days, and the company can now drive better campaign performance, as well as increase their productivity by up to millions of dollars per campaign.
There are plenty of vendors who claim to meet your big data needs, but their solutions are not usually designed to handle today's new data sources or built to take full advantage of the cloud. Some try to sell you on complex, expensive hardware solutions that are difficult to use while others provide limited data visualization solutions that address only one issue at a time. See how Microsoft offers a complete, flexible data platform that helps everyone at businesses like yours, from the front office to the server room, unlock insights from any data, big and small, no matter where it resides.


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Raspberry TruffleCremes are a wonderfully delightful "light" chocolate piece wrapped in pretty pink foil. We flavor the center with essence of real raspberries and enrobe it with a blend of West African and Ecuadorian cacaos (35%).
Here at Dilettante, third-generation Master Chocolatier Dana Taylor Davenport uses master gourmet chocolate formulas selected from century old recipe notebooks. The historic chocolate recipes were crafted by the chocolatier's grandfather, Earl Remington Davenport and his great-uncle, Julius Rudolph Franzen. Both gentlemen were Master Chocolatier and Pastry Chef to the crowned heads of Europe.
Dana Davenport has kept these time-honored chocolate candy making recipes alive by using the traditional formulas as the base for Dilettante Chocolate Truffles, chocolate sauces and chocolate products.
The more you buy, the more you save with our "Mix and Match" quantity discounts. Discounts are automatically calculated for you in our shopping cart based upon the table below:
Choose from several different items or combine case purchases for additional savings. Discounts only available for online purchases on a per order basis and exclude shipping costs.


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Series: Saturday Science Links (29 entries)
The biggest science stories of the week are reviewed.
The Resource Finder has powerful filtering features — check out the tutorial to learn more.
The biggest science stories of the week are reviewed.
American thinking about religion and science before the Civil War was substantially informed by the powerful "concordist" metaphor of God as the "author" of two "books," nature and Scripture, which ultimately must agree.
Companion series to the spring 2015 book club featuring "The Lost World of Genesis One: Ancient Cosmology and the Origins Debate" by John Walton.
In both form and content, then, Genesis 1 reveals that its basic purposes are religious and theological, not scientific or historical.
In the early 1700s, Isaac Newton and Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz famously disagreed about whether God periodically "corrected" the orbits of the planets. Why their disagreement matters for today's debates about God and evolution.
Evangelicals are skeptical of space exploration—but can pastors change this from the pulpit?
The former chair of the Harvard University physics department muses on how faith gives meaning to his scientific work.
The story of the Genesis Rock reminds us of how biblical and scientific accounts, despite their different purviews and purposes, remain inexorably linked in our understanding of origins.
The words we use to talk about the Bible and science often predispose us towards unnecessary conflicts.
Here are some of the best responses from around the web to David's Barash's controversial editorial about God and Evolution in the New York Times.
If discussions of science and religion sometimes get bogged down in Genesis, perhaps that is because they have not made the preparatory journey through the rich material of the Wisdom books.
Are black holes in trouble? Could life have come from space? What do we know about the religious lives of Indian scientists? Find the answers to these questions and more.
So what is BioLogos? Well it all began with a scientist and a book.
This week's news features volcanoes, skeletons, and stars, as well as a thought-provoking new book from InterVarsity press.
From science and religion blogs: quantum uncertainty and God, the remarkable fact that we have come to understand our place in the created order, and the role of theology in making wise choices about the use of technology.
News about the Ebola outbreak and initiatives in genomic medicine lead our news roundup this week, with a collection of research and learning opportunities in biology and at the science/faith border to follow.
The purpose of Jesus's art was to give verbal, visual, and dramatic forms to those complicated and confounding relationships, symmetries, and harmonies between himself, the father and spirit, and between the triune God and the world… Such creative expressions did not and do not make everything clear, but rather resist simple clarity, forcing their hearers to come at the whole complicated truth from a position of intellectual and spiritual humility.
When the boxer and the biologist collided that November evening, they both had a substantial following, and they presented a sharp contrast to the audience: a pugilistic, self-educated fundamentalist evangelist against a suave, sophisticated science writer. When it comes right down to it, not all that different from Ken Ham versus Bill Nye, except that Ham has a couple of earned degrees where Rimmer had none.


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Mission Type: Orbiter
Launch Vehicle: 8K82K + Blok D-2 (Proton-K no. 392-02)
Launch Site: GIIK-5 / launch site 200L
Spacecraft Mass: 6,200 kg
Spacecraft Instruments:
1) ASPERA-C energy-mass experiment
2) FONEMA omni non-scanning energy-mass ion analyzer
3) DYMIO omni ionosphere energy mass spectrometer
4) MARIPROB ionosphere plasma spectrometers
5) MAREMF electron analyzer/magnetometer
6) ELISMA wave complex experiment
7) SLED-2 low-energy charged-particle spectrometer
8) PGS precision gamma spectrometer
9) LILAS-2 cosmic and solar gammaburst spectrometer
10) EVRIS stellar oscillations photometer
11) RADIUS-MD dosimeter
12) MORION-S science data acquisition instrument
13) ARGUS imaging system
14) TERMOSCAN mapping radiometer
15) SVET mapping spectrometer
16) SPICAM multichannel spectrometer
17) UVS-M ultraviolet spectrometer
18) LWR longwave radar
19) NEUTRON-S neutron spectrometer
20) PFS infrared Fourier spectrometer
21) PHOTON gamma spectrometer
22) MAK quadruple mass spectrometer
Small autonomous stations (each):
1) MIS meteorology instrument system
2) DPI three-component accelerometer
3) APX alpha-particle proton and X-ray spectrometer
4) OPTIMIZM seismometer/magnetometer/inclinometer
5) PanCam panoramic camera
6) DesCam descent phase camera
Penetrators (each):
1) TV camera
2) MECOM meteorological unit
3) PEGAS gamma-ray spectrometer
4) ANGSTREM x-ray spectrometer
5) ALPHA alpha/proton spectrometer
6) NEUTRON-P neutron spectrometer
7) GRUNT accelerometers
8) TERMOZOND temperature probes
9) Kamerton seismometer
10) IMAP-6 magnetometer
Deep Space Chronicle: A Chronology of Deep Space and Planetary Probes 1958-2000, by Asif A. Siddiqi, NASA Monographs in Aerospace History No. 24
The entire spacecraft comprised an orbiter, two small autonomous stations, and two independent penetrators. The three-axis stabilized orbiter carried two platforms for pointing several optical instruments for studying the Martian surface and atmosphere.
After an initial period in low orbit lasting three to four weeks acting as a relay to the landers, the orbiter would have spent approximately two Earth years in a 250 x 18,000-kilometer orbit mapping Mars. The orbiter would have released the two small autonomous stations four to five days before entering orbit.
The small stations would have landed on the Martian surface, cushioned by an inflatable shell that was to split open after landing. The stations were to have transmitted data daily (initially) and then every three days for about 20 minutes each session. The stations would have studied soil characteristics and taken photos on the surface.
The two 75-kilogram (each) penetrators, meanwhile, would have impacted the Martian surface at a speed of 76 meters per second to reach about 6 to 8 meters in depth. The orbiter would have released them after entering Martian orbit (between seven and twenty-eight days after entering orbit). During the mission's one-year lifetime, the penetrators would have served as nodes of a seismic network.
The Proton-K launch vehicle successfully delivered the payload to Earth orbit (after the first firing of the Blok D-2 upper stage). At that point, the Blok D-2 was to fire once again to place Mars 8 into an elliptical orbit, after which the Fregat propulsion module would have sent the spacecraft on a Martian encounter trajectory. The Blok D-2 engine, however, shut down prematurely after only 20 seconds as a result of a command from the payload, thus putting its precious payload into an incorrect orbit of 145.7 x 171.1 kilometers.
Mars 8 and its Fregat module then automatically separated from the Blok D-2. The latter seems to have fired (as planned earlier), placing Mars 8 in an 87 x 1,500-kilometer orbit that deposited the planetary probe in Earth's atmosphere.
Reports at the time suggested that debris from Mars 8 may have fallen in Chile or Bolivia, contaminating areas with its plutonium power source. Mars 8 was scheduled to arrive in Mars orbit on 23 September 1997.