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This conversation is closed.
Given that there is such a thing as an inalienable right should such rights be taxed?
Thomas Jefferson said that it was self evident that we all have certain inalienable rights. If a right is inalienable it seems to me that it should be free. Yet, we have a right to life and that life is taxed through income taxes. We must spend part of our lives working so we have what we need to live. We have a right to property yet we have to pay sales and property taxes. If you believe that Jefferson is correct then should such rights be taxed as they are now in pretty much every country on Earth?
Feb 1 2013: Natural and legal rights are two types of rights theoretically distinct according to philosophers and political scientists.
Natural rights are rights not contingent upon the laws, customs, or beliefs of any particular culture or government, and therefore universal and inalienable.
In contrast, legal rights are those bestowed onto a person by a given legal system.
Inalienable is defined as: impossible to take away: not able to be transferred or taken away
Having the three terms defined helps me to understand better. If I accept these three definations then Natural Right are basically the same as Jefferson termed inalienable. Tese terms were argued at length by Thomas Hobbs, John Locke, Thomas Paine, among others ... and the consences was that there are two basic laws .. Natural and legal.
A tax (from the Latin taxo; "I estimate") is a financial charge or other levy imposed upon a taxpayer (an individual or legal entity) by a state or the functional equivalent of a state such that failure to pay is punishable by law. Taxes are also imposed by many administrative divisions. Taxes consist of direct or indirect taxes and may be paid in money or as its labour equivalent.
Since I am a simple person ... I say by the above definations as defined by both taxes and legal rights that only legal rights are or can be taxed.
But I have been wrong before and can be timed with a egg timer until I am wrong again. I live in my own world but I am happy there as everyone knows me and accepts me.
I wish you well. Bob.
By the way I grabbed all thoese definations from the web. You can tell because they are spelled right.
Feb 1 2013: Thanks for your thoughtful comment. However, I disagree that only legal rights are taxed. If I have a natural right to property and my property is taxed then your conclusion is obviously false.
Of course, There are a ton of philosophical and religious issues that can be brought up about whether natural rights exist or not and exactly what they are. If you believe in God then you must also believe that the Ten Commandments give everyone a natural right to life and property since they are forbidden to be removed from us by the highest power in the Universe. If you don't believe in God then things get a lot murkier and I probably don't have enough room to finish talking about it in just one reply, but I think you can get to the same conclusion using logic.
I have similar ishues with spelling.
Feb 1 2013: Robert,, I have learned a lot during this conversation. As you know property was a grant by the royals to title holders.
"Civil government, so far as it is instituted for the security of property, is, in reality, instituted for the defense of the rich against the poor, or of those who have property against those who have none at all."
— Adam Smith, The Wealth of Nations, 1776
In the USA we can thank John Locke for our right to property. also read Thomas Hobbs, James Harrington, Robert Filmer, William Blackstone, David Hume, etc ....
Land is not a natural right .... unless you were a royal and that was a divine right.
Robert I am a little lost on the rights to life and property in the ten commandments. The only association I could make would be to do not covet. Which number gives me those rights? I am christian but in my opinion I would not go to court with that argument .... remember that inalienable rights are those that cannot be transfered or given away ... does property meet that defination?
I have enjoyed this discussion. Not all discussion are this respectful. Thanks.
I wish you well. Bob.
Feb 1 2013: The commandments are sort of a negative grant of the right to life and property. If thou shalt not kill then the implication is that the person you were going to kill has a right to live. If thou shalt not steal then taking things from other people without their consent is forbidden and thus they have a right to property.
The right to property, like all rights, stems from your right to life. If you don't have a right to life then all other rights are meaningless. If I want to deprive you of other rights in the abscence of the right to life then all I have to do is kill you. The right to property also doesn't mean that someone is impaired by some physical law of the Universe from stealing your stuff or that if you drop something you own it will jump back into your hand. It just means you have the right to possess things. Though the things themselves can be transferred your right to keep your stuff if you want cannot.
I have also enjoyed this a lot and learned as well. Mission accomplished I suppose.
Barry Palmer
Feb 1 2013: "Inalienable rights" is an oxymoron. The Declaration of Independence was written because the people's rights were alienated. If rights were truly inalienable, they would be like natural laws, which are unbreakable.
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Human rights is a concept that was developed by humans in an attempt to develop a natural, rational basis for self governance. In the final analysis self governance is a choice. There is nothing natural about human rights. People must choose and define human rights. If the concept of human rights is to survive, then the concept must gain the support of the global community. This will be difficult because different people believe in different rights, and the priorities of those rights. Some people claim that the "right to life" means that the government must feed the hungry. Others claim that feeding the hungry makes slaves of the hungry; that any and all freedoms rest on the foundation of our freedom to starve. Some people insist on complete separation of religion and state, while others believe that the legitimacy of the government and its laws comes from the Almighty.
Jefferson was not completely correct, but his words constituted a big step in the right direction. If we take the words of the framers to be the last words on the subject of human rights, we are completely misconstruing their efforts. The framing of the Constitution of the United States was an experiment in self governance. The framers started a work in progress, leaving the bulk of the work to future generations (us).
Feb 1 2013: I agree completely. However, I think we have strayed far from the path that the framers set us on.Jan 30 2013: No, i think such rights should not be taxed because inalienable rights are natural rights and such rights no body can give except God. Except for the benefit of the services rendered by the government to that life as a human being.Feb 3 2013: Robert, had you wanted to reply to my post below, it had reached the last level. I would still say the same things: that taxing successful people does take some of their life, liberty, and property, but not having charity is more of a threat to life, liberty, and property; and that wherever you live, you're going to be something of a slave because you're going to have to follow a bunch of rules, some of which you wouldn't follow unless someone outside yourself made you (i.e., the government).
I'm going to add that I don't think the government wants to be in the charity business. If they thought private people would take up the slack, I think they'd get out. They don't want to be in the military business. If they thought everyone would live peacefully, they'd get out. They don't want to be in the police business. If they thought nobody would commit crimes, they'd get out. They probably don't want to be in the government business. If they thought private, separate individuals could handle everything, they'd get out. Unfortunately, some problems government handles better, in my mind.Feb 2 2013: Again, Robert, your position below is not entirely unreasonable. The difficulty as I see it is that not enough people will contribute to charity if not forced to, and you will have millions of superpoor which actually brings down the quality of life for everyone. Yes, I could individually fight poverty, but as one person I cannot succeed completely on such a massive problem. I suppose that the government tackles massive problems that one person alone cannot solve altogether, and yes, does force some people to help. I do think many people don't mind contributing to general welfare, for example, my mother is worth about twenty million dollars, and she doesn't mind contributing to welfare as she doesn't want people to be starving and homeless. I still say there is a kind of balance, because if you contribute to charities, you get to pay less income tax.
Thinking about the "slave" term: could we also say that by forcing us to follow laws that forbid murder, rape, and robbery, the government is "enslaving" us? I would say this is a kind of "slavery" I can live with.
These are difficult issues, and you can make a great case for both sides.
Feb 2 2013: What is slavery about requiring people NOT to do something. The point of slavery is to make people do things you don't want to do yourself.
I contend that forced charity does more harm than good. I left off a some reasons why that I forgot about in my other post. I'll put them here.
Forced charity becomes a means by which politicians buy the favor/vote of those who are on charity. This encourages our leaders to come up with more ways to get people on charity so that their voting base is expanded. They get to come off as being for the little guy while in reality they are using him.
It is a historical fact that every nation in history that has gone down the path of creating huge welfare programs has collapsed under the burden of paying for them. Present nations excepted of course because they haven't quite reached the point of collapse. The present sorry state of the finances of most nations means they are working on it though. Go to usdebtclock.org and check out the current state of US finances. Down toward the bottom you will see the off book debt that is money owed in the future for currently promised entitlement benefits. That total is something like $122 trillion ($122,000,000,000,000). The clock is real time so you'll see that the number is increasing rather rapidly. When the US requires corporations to report their finances they are required to report the portion of their debt that is financially equivalent to this debt since it is critical to judging the state of the company's finances. This means that the US's real debt to GDP ratio is about 760%. Economists usually say a country is in big trouble when debt to GDP passes %100.
So as a result of helping the poor along with all the other things the government does that it has no business doing we as well as most other western nations are on the verge of a complete financial collapse. How many poor people do you think there will be then? Probably billions and there will be no one to help them.
Feb 2 2013: Well, I would say that there are aspects of slavery that have to do with what one doesn't do. For example, one aspect of being a slave is that one is not to escape, or try to escape. I think you could say that any time someone is controlling your actions, controlling either what you do or don't do, there is an aspect of slavery. So if the government controls me by outlawing murder, I guess I'm somewhat of a slave. Maybe this is a kind of "good slavery."
Technically, Robert, you could have a society where no government outlawed murder, or enforced laws against murder. Every man for himself. It'd be a pretty violent society, I would think. Would you want to live in such a society?
As far as governmental charitable programs go, well, I admit to not having the big picture. I would really hesitate to say whether I think government charity is sustainable. But it seems to me you're getting into a different issue, although I admit they're really hard to separate. Before you were asking if one can philosophically justify the government taking some of successful people's money to help poor people. Now you're getting into more of a practical question of what effects this has. Possibly I don't worry about it, because if it becomes unsustainable, we will simply adjust it.
Feb 2 2013: Certainly and perhaps the way I replied was a little short but here is the overriding principle. Society is built to protect the rights of the citizen. In order for the rights of one citizen to life, liberty and property to be respected the rights of all citizens to those things must be. Hence, no murder. You think I advocate no rules, apparently. That is not true. I only advocate those rules that lead to the preservation of our rights And by "our" rights I mean the rights of ALL of us.
Just because I want to live in a society where everyone is free to pick their own associations and their own causes rather than something demanded by our overlords doesn't mean that people with similar beliefs can't work together to achieve their goals. I doubt seriously that you, me and your mom would be the only ones to come together voluntarily to feed the hungry. It would be every man for what he believes in. Nothing could be further from every man for himself.Feb 2 2013: I also want to comment on your implicit endorsement of slavery. It seems slavery is OK with you as long as it serves what you think is a good purpose. You have no special moral authority just as the slave owners in the Old South didn't. They, like you, endorsed slavery for a purpose that they thought was just and moral. They were wrong and so are you.
Feb 2 2013: Well, again, Robert, I believe you're talking about an age-old argument that has good arguments on both sides. I can't say I hugely love government, but I'm okay with a mix of government and private industry.
I would say that if people have a right to life, liberty, and property, well, in the Constitution isn't the third one the pursuit of happiness, well, if someone is too poor to buy food I suppose they will die, which pretty much does away with their life, right? Or they will try to steal food from someone else, and in the process someone might die and lose their life, as the owner of the food tries to defend it; or the person stealing the food will get caught and go to prison, which does away with their liberty; or the person will successfully steal the food, so the other person loses their property. So starving people threaten the three values you named. It's not that government taking away successful people's money to feed poor people isn't taking some of their life, liberty, and property, because it is; I'd think rather the idea is that not feeding poor people is an even greater threat to life, liberty, and property. I don't know where you are financially, I think some of us who are doing okay are glad to know that if we ever became really poor, there is a "safety net" for us.
Do you seriously want to do away with food stamps? Because I don't think you'll like the society you see, with beggars on every corner like India.
You say you want to pick your association. I guess we've decided as a country that not enough people will choose to join associations that fight hunger, and thus we have to fight it with a certain amount of force, not a huge amount, but some.
As far as slavery, I suppose in the strictest sense none of us are slaves, because we all have the right to leave and go to another country. But wherever we are, we're going to have to exercise great self-control. Freedom doesn't mean being able to do anything you want to do.Jan 31 2013: Uh, Robert, I'm still disagreeing with you below. You're asking why you can't opt out of government programs you don't like? Well, let's take food stamps as an example. Say you wanted to opt out. Then the government has to keep a record that you are opting out, which already becomes a burden. They have to alert the tax authorities that you have opted out, another burden. Whoever checks your tax return at the IRS each year will have to start figuring for your opt-out, and everybody else's optout, each set of optouts different. It will make checking tax returns much more complicated and time-consuming, I would think impossibly so. What if you change your mind about opting out? Then everybody has to be re-alerted that you've changed your mind. And what if you do become impoverished and need food stamps, but you've opted out. Some people will be honorable and let themselves starve to death. Other people will start robbing to get food. Some will start demonstrating in front of government offices, asking for the food stamps they opted out of, which means the offices will need increased security....it all becomes a nightmare.
You might opt out of having a pipe built to your house because you want to dig your own well. But possibly the government is thinking ahead, that eventually you will leave that house and the next person who occupies it will want the pipe. It's certainly easier to place the pipe now when they're doing everybody's.
Most programs are too big to opt out of. Are you going to opt out of national security, so that when another country invades the U.S., the army will defend the house next to yours, but not yours. It doesn't work, we need a concerted front.
If you don't like certain programs, you have a perfect right to try to change or eliminate them within the law.
Jan 31 2013: You are assuming that the government should run charity programs which it should definitely not. Charity must be given voluntarily for it to be just. If our resources are confiscated against our wills to be given to someone else then we are slaves. At least for that part of our lives we must invest to produce those resources.
The government doesn't exist for any other reason than to protect the rights of the citizenry. If it is enslaving us then it is failing at its primary mission. We are not here for the convenience of the government but rather the other way around.
If another country invades this one then must I fight? If I am a free human being rather than cannon fodder then it is my choice whether to fight or not. If enough of us love our country enough to fight for it then the country will survive. If we don't then was it really worth saving?
Feb 2 2013: Well, Robert, your position is not entirely unreasonable. But I still would rather live in a society where you don't have millions of superpoor people begging on the streets for the money to buy food, or breaking into other people's houses to steal food to put in their empty bellies, or dying of starvation on the street. If the government has to force the more successful people to give money to prevent this, I'm okay with it. There is a kind of balance, because if you freely give your money to charity, then you can take deductions on your taxes and not pay as much.
You can call it slavery, but realize that government workers themselves pay taxes and help support programs, so they are just as much slaves as we non-government workers.
You don't have to fight if another country invades, but currently the military will fight for you, as that is the way we have organized. I think we believe that we are more effective in having a trained, professional, cohesive fighting force, than each man fighting for himself. It's certainly true that other countries are going to come at us with a professional army.
If you want to add more time to your conversation, the last time I looked it had only a few days, you can hit edit and add more time. If I already told you this and you changed it, I apologize.
Feb 2 2013: I originally set up the time limit for a week as I'm a bit introverted and communication is not my forte. Just testing the waters so to speak. If we need more time I'll add some on.
You assume that just because we have the right to refrain from helping the poor that every single one of us will refrain from doing so. You also assume that there will be millions of poor no matter what system we use. I think that if people lived together in mutual respect of each others rights that poverty would be a small problem.
My philosophy is that while it is wrong to see someone suffering and do nothing it is also wrong to force others to help in your place.
I think that government forced charity is actually detrimental to society in several ways. First, there is ample evidence that it fosters dependence in the poor and thus makes it harder for them to become self sufficient. Second, It breeds resentment and even hatred amongst those that must pay. Third, it detracts from the sense of community and friendship that comes from people helping each other directly. If you don't want to live in a world with poor people begging in the streets then do something yourself with your time and your money to help those that are immediately around you. Only then will you see the good that was done with your own eyes and know for certain that this person or that is better off because you cared enough to do it yourself. After all, if you aren't willing to go out and act on your own to help others then how much do you really care?Jan 31 2013: NO
So, Gu L, just give up? Is that it?
Gu L
Jan 31 2013: well our freedom is taxed so might as well tax humor aswellJan 30 2013: too many hear the words, inalienable right to life, and they think that's what it means (hence no abortion). But it was commonly understood to mean an inalienable right to a natural life. If it was an inalienable right to life itself, then it would be illegal to die as well as to kill.
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Are you willing to live a natural life - without modern medical intervention? If you want more than that which you can produce through your own effort (work), then taxes become necessary FOR AS LONG AS we remain a culture that loves money more than people.
Jan 30 2013: You have brought up an interesting concept in your first paragraph. I'll think on it. From the religious perspective the answer to that is that we all have eternal life and, therefore, death is less of an issue.
I don't want more than I can produce with my on effort and enginuity. You are right. If you want more than you can produce then you must take it from someone else. You don't mention other methods of taking more than your due, theft and slavery. Both concepts are closely related to taxation.
Jan 31 2013: Theft and slavery are VERY closely related to taxation. Our fiscal model makes us slaves. When we are forced, under duress or threat of duress, to work for the benefit of someone else's demands, we are slaves, and our work is stolen from us. When there is no other alternative for survival, our freedom is stolen from us, thus our ability to pursue happiness in more than an internal way.Jan 30 2013: The "Declaration" says that we have certain inalienable rights,and among them are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. We can't know what his list would have been composed of if seen in a more complete form, but we do know that most of the original states included "freedom of conscience" in their lists of inalienable rights.
Life is not taxed. Income is taxed. We do not have a inalienable right to money or to earn money. That's a choice, not a right.
We must spend part of our lives working so that we can survive - but you are not required to spend part of your life working for money. You are free to go walk the Adirondack Trail, eating off the land and the offerings of others - heading north as summer approaches and south as winter approaches. There are also national parts and forests - if you don't set up a permanent site and obey Smokey the Bear's rules.
I don't agree that we have an inalienable right to "own" property. The birds and bears don't "own" property. They merely avail themselves of the bounty thereof. The notion of property rights is a rather recent one in human history. I think that it is at the core of all that is wrong with America.
If you want to drop off the grid and out of the system, you will pay no taxes whatsoever. But if you want your rights to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness protected, you must understand that your liberty ends where mine begins, and your pursuit of happiness cannot deprive me of life or liberty or my pursuit of happiness.
Of course, if we were all to drop out of the system and head to the mountains, it would be too crowded there and we would destroy the place, thus our lives, our liberties, and our pursuits of happiness
Jan 30 2013: If we are to follow our founding principles and not be hypocrits then we all do have the right to life and property. Logically, I don't have to give up any part of my rights to live in a society that is based on the preservation and defense of those rights. I don't need to move to the hills.
The core of all that has come to be wrong with America is the disrespect of the lives, liberty and property of its inhabitants that has become so rampant.
Jan 30 2013: But you do not live in a society that is based on those rights. You live in the USA.
Jan 30 2013: I believe I hinted at that in the last sentence of my reply.Jan 30 2013: We are following our founding principles when we do NOT have an inalienable right to own real estate. Our whole fiscal paradigm was designed to prevent the poor form owning property, thus to be part of "natural law" that leaves poor parents losing the better part of their number of children born, due to poverty-related causes. This was all openly discussedJan 30 2013: Oh, and by the way, if you feel that we don't have a right to property then I'll be glad to take off of your hands any of the stuff you currently have in your possession that you admit that you do not have a right to own.
Jan 30 2013: There is a replacement for our fiscal paradigm (the social glue that holds our culture together) that doesn't claim ownership of anything - even if it's something that I made with my own hands. That's not the culture that I live in. I live in the USA - where it's illegal to sleep outside except in a few places.
My comment about heading to the mountains was said in jest. The idea is so ludicrous, I thought that you would see that.
Jan 30 2013: My offer to take any of the stuff you have that you don't own still stands. If you don't want to give it to me then pick someone at random and give it to them. Until you do, your idea is just so much hot air. Or perhaps worn keyboard?Jan 30 2013: I would say we pay taxes for a higher quality of life. For example, if you want indoor plumbing, you'll have to pay taxes for the government to construct a pipeline down your street.
Jan 30 2013: Why? Can't a private company do that? It seems private companies can run phone and electric lines. Where I grew up the water was provided by a private company. I lived in the countryside so we used a septic system for sewer.
How is my quality of life increased when I have to pay for government programs I don't want to participate in?
Jan 30 2013: Robert, there may be places where a private company could do that. I would guess that they would first have to get permission from all the owners to tear up the street, and that would be quite time-consuming. As far as I know, the government can tear up the street without getting permission from every property owner. In fact, what if the pipeline really needed to be replaced, and one property owner said "No, I'm happy with it as it is," or "I don't have the money right now to pay for my share." What could a private company do, except deny the other property owners the new pipeline they need? Sue the one holdout?, that's expensive. Whereas the government just goes ahead and does it.
What programs do you not want to participate in? For example, even if you don't collect food stamps, your quality of life might be increased because hungry people aren't breaking into your house to steal food. Or dying on the street in front of you.
Jan 30 2013: So then in you book it is a good thing when the government bullies people for what it deems to be their own good? The bottom line is that I have seen private companies do maintenance on what are essentially public works. They do have to work harder to make everyone happy when the government can just run over everyones rights with a steamroller. Your premiss that one guy in a thousand might not go along with the maintenance no matter what compromises the water company wants to make just don't hold much water.
If I don't want to pay for food stamps, for example, it means that I have already done the cost/benefit analysis and decided that, for me, the costs outweigh the benefits. It doesn't matter If you or anyone else thinks I'm right. If you say that I must pay for them anyway because you will punish me if I don't, what does that make you?Jan 30 2013: I find "faith based initiatives" morally repugnant and abhorrent. Why should I be forced, under the full might and force of the U. S. government to support morally objectionable spending issues? I also find war and all of the accoutrements of war to be morally abhorrent and very destructive of my society and the societies that we bully. There are lots of things that I wouldn't support if given the chance - even if failing to support one thing means that more of my tax dollars would be spent on something that is not a VIOLATION of my inalienable rights to life, LIBERTY, PURSUIT OF HAPPINESS, and FREEDOM OF CONSCIENCE.Jan 30 2013: the question sounds like a late awakening in the land of the fda, osha, fed, fnma, fhlmc, fdic and the like, doesn't it?


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Eating the right foods not only affects a person's physical performance, but also the brain's performance.
Leslie Dana-Kirby, 56th Medical Operations Squadron clinical psychologist, said the human brain is responsible for all thinking, reasoning, memory, judgment and decision-making. It also controls fundamental life functions such as hunger, thirst, sleeping, breathing and temperature regulation.
As well as being the main mechanism critical to the body's survival, the brain is what makes every person diverse.
"The mind is responsible for human emotions," Dana-Kirby said. "I would argue that the brain is the most important of all the human organs, because it essentially makes you who you are."
The food choices one makes can also affect it.
"There's actually a connection between what you eat and how it can affect the brain," said Matthew Keene, 56th MDOS psychiatrist. "Certain foods can raise the levels of a neurotransmitter called serotonin. Serotonin is essentially 'happy juice' and it derives from an amino acid called tryptophan."
To make tryptophan the body does need some protein, but processed carbohydrates is what drives the tryptophan into the brain for conversion into serotonin, Keene said. While any carbohydrate can help the process, processed carbohydrates can push a lot more tryptophan into the brain at once resulting in a boost in mood.
"The boost in mood is very temporary and then comes crashing back down," Keene said. "The crash also causes energy levels to drop as well as mood, sometimes resulting in depression."
The relationship between the food one eats and how it affects the gray matter answers questions as to why some people eat more processed foods than others.
"Because some food addicts are used to constantly having high levels of serotonin, when they actually do have 'normal' levels they feel like they're low, so they binge eat frequently to get that normal feeling back," Keene said.
Additionally, foods provide essential nutrients to the brain.
"Foods provide the necessary energy to fuel intellect power," Dana-Kirby said. "They provide the building blocks for cell production and support and supply some protection against the natural decline in reasoning and memory that occurs with age."
Foods closest to their most natural form are the best to consume, Dana-Kirby said.
"Eat foods that provide antioxidants such as beans, berries and apples," Dana-Kirby said. "For amino acids, eat foods like fish, nuts and eggs and regulate your blood sugar levels by eating healthy carbohydrates such as fruits, vegetables and whole grains."
In addition to healthy foods, basic essentials keep the mentality healthy.
"Treat your brain like you would a good house plant," Keene said. "Get a good night's sleep; give it good food, water and sunlight."

subset: commoncrawl


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Very charming, lovely place with very polite and accommodating owners, would defin. Return there!
The hardworking, courteous and accommodating staff
Closer to the village would be nice but it's close enough not to be a problem
The housekeepers did a great job keeping our room clean and tidy.
The entire facility is old and in dire need of maintenance and repairs. The shower and tub fixtures were old and leaky. Our bathroom light was faulty and would turn off on its own while you were in the tub or on the toilet. There were not enough outlets to charge our phones. The smell of cedar permeates everything and set off my allergies forcing me to take benadryl all weekend. Lastly the thermostats are outdated and my wife and I stayed cold all weekend because the air conditioner was either constantly on or off.
It is newly remodeled
The smoke detector had been removed from the room? They should give you more pillows in the room.
Very quiet and comfortable
They need to offer juice at the continental breakfast
We booked with you, they said, NO breakfast because we did not call them directly !!!!! was dusty and smelly
Friendly and angaging hostess. Beautiful old home with many nice fwatures.
Easy to find, Loreen was a very gracious and lovely host. Room had everything I needed for my one night, quick stay.
Very comfortable B&B! Always a pleasant experience.
Beds on Clouds has all the essentials for a great B&B - Very clean, friendly owners, great breakfast in the morning, walking distance to everything you want in Windham.
The only thing missing (and this is minor) is that quiet space to read, think, drink wine, etc. But the house has a great front porch to make up for it.
The exterior is beautiful. Inside the floors were very uneven - would be a bad choice for anyone who has a hard time walking.
Bathroom was tiny. Sink was outside of the bathroom.
Charming, rustic 19th century home.
A bit of pressure to pay tips up front.
Staff and cleanliness Great entertainment
Outdated decor which is part of their schtick.
Location, public spaces and room
everything was good
We really enjoyed the pool. The bathroom was updated.
There was a coffee maker, but no coffee.
Location was very good. Enjoyed the charm and food at the restaurant.
Room had a distinct odor.
Room was very tidy. Staff was friendly.
Motel is far from the highway and difficult to see from the road.
The price was good for just 1 night.
The owners were super friendly and very accommodating. Considerately asked if we had any dietary sensitivities/requests and made delicious breakfasts! The home is a quick drive to Hunter Mountain, Woodstock and Saugerties, which are great for hiking, farmers markets, and dining. We had a great time and I would definitely go back!
It was one of the worst experiences we have ever had. The entrance door was covered with spider webs, there were bugs inside the room and we could not sleep all night because the beds and sheets were covered with bed bugs. We had rashes all over our bodies from the night we spent there. We do not recommend this hotel to anybody.
Extremely expensive for the room.
Indoor pool. Breakfast was OK.
A little outdated.
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Sebastian Vettel reckons Red Bull are in very good shape after completing a successful Jerez test...
Sebastian Vettel reckons Red Bull are in very good shape after completing a successful Jerez test.
While rivals McLaren, Mercedes, Ferrari and Lotus all lost varying levels of track time across the four days in Spain, Red Bull were the only leading team to complete testing without a failure, and Vettel was impressed with both the performance and reliability of the new car out of the box.
In all, Red Bull put 372 laps worth of mileage on the car, and Vettel says the RB9 compares favourably with last year's double title-winning RB8 at this early stage.
"I think for the whole team it's been quite a good test," said Vettel.
"No problems in terms of reliability and we did a lot of laps, so I'm quite pleased with the results. I feel a bit better than last year and it seems we have done our homework well.
"Now we move onto Barcelona for another four days in a row to test the car and see if we find any leakage and if so then we try to fix it."
Vettel admits that it's too early to read anything significant into the results, however.
"Looking ahead, I think the Barcelona test will maybe reveal a bit more, but just because people are running more and teams will play around a bit more there," he said.
"So if you keep your eyes open you might spot some stuff. However, as I've said before, we just focus on what we do. In Barcelona we'll learn more about ourselves and maybe a little bit about our rivals. It should be interesting."


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Comic 154
Link: Comic 154
Translations: http://www.beaverandsteve.com/wiki/images/8/8f/Finnishflag.png Finnish, http://www.beaverandsteve.com/wiki/images/5/52/Frenchflag.png French, http://www.beaverandsteve.com/wiki/images/5/57/Polishflag.png Polish, http://www.beaverandsteve.com/wiki/images/0/04/Danishflag.png Danish, http://www.beaverandsteve.com/wiki/images/7/79/Italianflag.gif Italian
Title: sock it to me - part 6
Date: February 10, 2006
Summary: Beaver and Steve ambush a couple of Non-Copyright Infringing Droids, steal their 'cases' and get past the guards.
Cast: Beaver, Steve, Three-eyed Gelatinous Slime-Monsters, Generic And Totally Non-Copyright Infringing Droids
Onomatopoeias used: "POUNCE!", "AMBUSH!", "VIOLENCE!", "NONCHALANT"
Number of panels: 7
Panel 1
Beaver holds Steve, and covers his mouth.
Beaver: "Ok, Here's the plan..."
Stever: "Wait, let me guess: is it 'Whisper! Whisper! Whisper!'?
Beaver: "Why yes it is! How ever did you know?"
Panel 2
The Non-Copyright Infringing Droids are moving forewards.
Non-Copyright Infringing C-3PO: "It really is a lovely day, isn't it?"
Non-Copyright Infringing R2-D2: "Bop Bop Beep*"
[*Trans: Shut your cake-hole]
Panel 3
Beaver and Steve POUNCE! and AMBUSH! The Non-Copyright Infringing Droids. Beaver is jumping in from our left, and Steve from our right. The The Non-Copyright Infringing Droids are surprised.
Non-Copyright Infringing C-3PO: "Gracious me!"
Steve: "YAAAA!"
Non-Copyright Infringing R2-D2: "Beep Bip-Bip!*"
[*Translation: Holy #@?$!]
Panel 4
The onomatopoeia "VIOLENCE!" surrounded by different coloured stars and backgrounded with a cloud of smoke, turned 90 degrees clockwise.
Panel 5
Beaver and Steve are wearing the Non-Copyright Infringing Droids metal casings as disguises. Beaver is wearing the Non-Copyright Infringing C-3PO's Case, and Steve is wearing the Non-Copyright Infringing R2-D2's case.
Beaver: "With these disguises we'll have no trouble getting past the guards!"
Steve: "My bolts are chaffing"
Panel 6
Beaver and Stever are moving past the cards-playing Three-eyed Gelatinous Slime-Monsters NONCHALANTly. The Guards seem suspecting and one of them is rubbing his 'chin'. Both guards are holding three cards.
Beaver: "Here we are, two totally normal droids going about our normal droid business..."
Steve: "Yes that's us, just a couple of droids...um, I mean 'Beepy Beepy!'"
Panel 7
Beaver and Steve are taking off their disguises, and are standing in front of a large wooden door with a King's Seal on the front. Above the door is a sign which reads: "King's Chamber (contains answers perhaps)
Beaver: "It worked! Now perhaps we can find some answers in here..."
Steve: "I can't feel my legs..."
Fun Facts
- As James noted in the news: "And finally, today is the 70th annual Burt Reynolds Day, and to celebrate there is a bonus Burt Reynolds hidden somewhere in this strip. Can you find him? Almost certainly yes!". And indeed, the bottom right quarter of the shield on the door of the King's Chamber seems to have a tiny picture of Burt Reynolds on it!
- Non-Copyright Infringing C-3PO is a very polite droid.
- Non-Copyright Infringing R2-D2 appears to hate Non-Copyright Infringing C-3PO's guts-- err... wires.
- Steve has a good memory.
- Beaver has watched "The Matrix" too many times.
- Bolts chafe Steve.
- The Three-eyed Gelatinous Slime-Monsters are rather un-intelligent.
- The King's Chamber contains answers, perhaps?
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Buying even the minimum levels of liability insurance can be expensive for good drivers.
Research from the Consumer Federation of America (CFA) found that more than half of motorists in its sample -- drivers without moving violations or accidents who live in moderate-income areas -- were quoted rates of more than $1,000 a year for basic coverage. For 32 percent, the quotes averaged more than $1,500.
Yet drivers in some parts of the country can get full coverage for a fraction of that amount.
With such a wide disparity in insurance costs, it's hard to be certain you've got the best coverage at a good price. But if you've checked into these 12 savings strategies and discounts, you can be reasonably sure you're not leaving a lot of money on the table.
Shop around. Shop around. Shop around. Short of getting rid of your car, there is no faster or easier way to save on car insurance. The same driver in the same car will find rates that differ by hundreds of dollars, even thousands, from one insurer to the next. The more you pay, the more likely it is that you can save money.
Choose the right side of town. If you're moving, check the average car insurance rates in the neighborhood before you decide on a new address. ZIP codes matter a lot when car insurance companies set rates, and you may see a difference of a few hundred dollars a year.
Let your insurance company ride shotgun. If you drive very little and very carefully, programs that monitor your driving can cut your bills considerably. Plug-in gadgets send data back to your insurance company about how far, when and how you drive. Typically the data cannot be used to charge you higher-than-standard rates, only to give you a discount.
Keep the shiny side up. According to an analysis of 841,000 quotes for "full" coverage (liability, comprehensive and collision) delivered through CarInsurance.com's comparison-shopping engine, drivers with a single accident claim pay an average of $300 more a year.
Pay your bills on time. With poor credit, you'll pay more to buy a car, and you'll pay more to insure it, too.
Raise the deductible. You can save as much as a few hundred dollars by increasing the deductible you'd pay when filing a claim against your collision or comprehensive coverage. Just be sure to put that savings aside in case you need it to pay the higher deductible someday.
Drop collision coverage. Getting rid of collision coverage if you have an old car that you own outright could make sense if you wouldn't bother to repair it after an accident. (See "Is it time to drop comp and collision?")
Drop comprehensive coverage. Some drivers also drop comprehensive insurance, but because it covers a lot of events (theft, fire, flood, hail) and is a comparatively small percentage of the overall premium tab, it's worth keeping, says Michael Barry, a spokesman for the Insurance Information Institute.
Buy less liability coverage. Bare-minimum coverage has an extreme downside if you have any savings or own a home -- you could lose both if you cause an accident that exceeds your limits. But if you are "judgment proof" -- that is, you don't own anything -- you could save some money by dropping to the state minimum.
Send the kids to college. A college that's 100 miles or more from your home means you can list your student as an occasional driver. That's typically cheaper than listing them as a primary or secondary driver.
Or make them hit the books. A"B" average earns a good student discount. Depending on your insurance company, that can save as much as 25 percent on premiums for the car the young driver is assigned to.
Teach an old driver new tricks. Depending on the state, discounts for taking a defensive-driving class can start at age 55. If the state requires insurers to offer a discount for the class, the provider must be accredited. But the discount can reach 15 percent, and it can be renewed by retaking the class, usually every three years.


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Development-led archaeology and planningDevelopment-led archaeology operates under the Planning system, and the nature of the investigations to be undertaken is agreed during the planning process, with project designs prepared by archaeologists working for the developer and agreed by the planning authority on the advice of their own archaeological advisers
Historic Scotland's role


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|Dudley, Mass.
|High School:
|Shepherd Hill Regional
As a Junior in 2012: Did not compete in any races.
Before Quinnipiac: Graduated from Shepherd Hill Regional High School in 2010 after lettering in soccer, cross country, indoor and outdoor track…Ran for an illustrious track program that went on to win two indoor league championships as well as four outdoor titles…Also helped guide her team to a league championship in cross country…She was a member of the 3200m relay team that won the District E Championship in Mass…All-Class Center Mass. Runners-Up in 2009…Member of the National Honor Society while in high school.
Personal: Born in Worcester, Mass. and raised in Dudley, Mass…Daughter of Mark and Sharon Rayla…Has two older sisters Meg and Kim as well as one younger brother Matt…Her sister Kim played tennis at Merrimack College…Plans to major in Accounting.


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Mission Statement
The Marion County Office of Emergency Management will ensure, through coordination with County and Local shareholders that the county is prepared to respond to, and recover from, all natural and man-made emergencies. This office will provide the leadership and support to reduce the loss of life and property through an all-hazards emergency management program of mitigation, preparedness, response and recovery throughout Marion County.
Our Vision
"is for governmental, volunteer and private organizations, with effective plans, necessary resources, and training for variable and efficient disaster response. To maintain and improve the capability to successfully work together to mitigate against, prepare for, respond to, and recover from all-hazards related emergencies and disasters."Our Goals


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Moab, Arches, & Canyonlands Area Lodging
Moab Rustic Inn
120 East 100 South
Moab, UT 84532
Best Available Rates for: Sep 05, 2015 - Sep 07, 2015 Change Dates
Double Queen Suite
Two Queen Beds with kitchenetteView Room Amenities & Nightly RatesSold Out
Two Bedroom Apartment
Two Bedrooms with one Queen in each room. Full kitchen and living room area.View Room Amenities & Nightly RatesSold Out
Showing 2 of 2 rooms
Moab Rustic Inn
- Star Rating
Single Queen Suite
This room is perfect for the budget conscious. Our single queen suite is our least expensive room. This room is equipped with TV, iron and ironing board, smaller fridge, microwave, and full bathroom.
Double Queen Suite
Double Queen suites are equipped with a full size refrigerator, in room coffee and coffee pot, microwave and full set of dishware. They also have a iron and ironing board in every room. 27 inch t.v. with in room phone. Nine oak cabinets give you plenty of storage and built in oak desk if you brought your work with you.
One Bedroom Apartment
This room is perfect for the extend stay. It contains a full size refrigerator, oven, cook top with pots and pans, Microwave and dishware, a sofa sleeper in the living room and a kitchen table for two. Iron and ironing board in the bedroom with a queen bed, full size dresser and closet.
Two Bedroom Apartment
Our most popular deal! The kitchen has a full range oven, full size refrigerator, dishwasher, dishes, pans, cookware, microwave, coffee pot, and dining room table that seats six. Two bedrooms with a queen bed and 27 inch t.v. in each bedroom. A sofa sleeper in the living room with another 27 in t.v. all for less than two rooms on main street.
Amenities & Services
Property Amenities
- Common area laundry
- Pets allowed (fees may apply)
- Wheelchair accessible property
- Guided hiking and biking
- Outdoor pool (seasonal)
- Walk to shops and restaurants
- Fax services available
- Mail and shipping services
- Barbecue grills available
- Complimentary wireless Internet
- Complimentary parking
- Air-conditioned public areas
- Baggage storage
- Connecting/adjoining rooms available
- Cribs available (fees may apply)
- On-site check-in office
- On-site front desk (limited hours)
- Safe deposit box at front desk
- Wake-up service
- Picnic area
- Complimentary oversized vehicle parking
- 100% non-smoking
- Children allowed
In-Room Amenities
- Air conditioning
- Complimentary coffee
- Wireless Internet (fees may apply)
- Full kitchen
- Kitchenette
- Microwave
- Refrigerator
- Television
Dining and Attractions
Location Description
Centrally located in downtown Moab, map out a walking tour of the city of Moab. The Moab Rustic Inn is located 1/2 block off of Main Street in a quiet side street location. It is just a few minutes walk to the visitor center, shopping, library, restaurants, and the Moab city center.
Moab Rustic Inn
Cancellation Policy
48 hours
Deposit Policy
Other Fees/Policies
Checkin Policy
check in between 3 PM and 11 PM.


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On tonight's "Whitney," entitled "2 Broke Hearts," we saw, as the title would suggest, examples of two types of broken hearts. One belonged to the lovely Lily, who hooked up with slow talker Eddie More »
Whitney "2 Broke Hearts" season 2 episode 6 airs Wednesday January 9 at 8:00 p.m on NBC. Synopsis: While trying to uncover what has been making Alex's (Chris D'Elia) allergies flare , Whitney (Whitn More »


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Crunch....I am truly sorry to hear about that....as with many others, she will be in our prayers
Crunch....I am truly sorry to hear about that....as with many others, she will be in our prayers
Absolutely. I've already given to The Red Cross and all those affected are already in my Prayers. God BLess.
P.S.- Here is a link to rather graphic photo that might help put this in perspective for some of you. Caution, viewer discretion is advised.
Good post, I donated 100 Pounds which is about $190 in U.S Dollars
Or click on my sig pic
We have lived during the worst natural disaster in recorded history folks as far as human casualties.
I barely knew her.We live in different countries but I feel for my uncle.Its so unexpected.She was poolside when the Tsunami came.Originally Posted by FinsFan74
All the best to you and your family in this time of sorrow. Keep your chin up Crunch.Originally Posted by CrunchTime
Boomer,Originally Posted by Boomer
Thank you so much for starting this thread Mate! My fellow Dolfans... I am a proud native of Sri Lanka residing in NY for the last 14 years. My parents still live there and I happy to report that no one known to me (family or friends) perished in that catastrophe. I am however devastated by the loss of life and extensive damage. As most of you may be aware, Sri Lanka was the second hardest hit country next to Indonesia with a death toll of close to 30,000 people. I abandoned my plans for New Year's Eve... Just couldn't bring myself to celebrate with my countrymen in such distress.
The link I'm posting below will allow you do donate directly to aid the victims in Sri Lanka. Every little bit helps. Thank you fellow Dolfans for taking the time to read this post! Happy New Year to you all and God Bless!!
Link: http://www.helpsl.org/
Crunch, I offer my condolences and prayers...
Last edited by Disnardo; 12-31-2004 at 05:59 PM. Reason: I am Happy to have contributed to the relief cause...
Population- 1
The 2009 Miami Dolphins-"Fasten Your Seatbelt and Enjoy the Ride!"
...Thanks to Crunch Time for the Awsome Banner...
"[N]o arsenal or no weapon in the arsenals of the world is so formidable as the will and moral courage of free men and women."
Ronald Reagan-January 20, 1981 (from his first inaugural address)
Thanks for your prayers ands condolences.We over here are getting together for a prayer circle.Originally Posted by Disnardo
I'm so sorry man. That is awful.Originally Posted by CrunchTime


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Ephesians 4:7-16: Moving the Science/Faith Discussion Forward
In this essay, Hastings looks at "front edge" areas for promoting healthy dialogue in the field of science and Christian theology, areas which are specifically theological in nature.
The Resource Finder has powerful filtering features — check out the tutorial to learn more.
In this essay, Hastings looks at "front edge" areas for promoting healthy dialogue in the field of science and Christian theology, areas which are specifically theological in nature.
Philosopher Robert Bishop explores the Biblical doctrine of creation, which he describes as "perhaps one of the most helpful pieces of theology for thinking about science", and describes why the doctrine needs to be recovered from narrower, contemporary interpretations of creation.
Hastings provides a biblical and theological basis for healthy and fruitful dialogue on the theology and science of origins.
Biologist and BioLogos Senior Fellow Denis Venema examines the interaction between RTB literature and several lines of genetics-based evidence for common ancestry. In so doing, he also addresses the scientific robustness and reliability of the RTB model.
Geologists Davidson and Wolgemuth address the widely promulgated notion that the Flood can account for the earth's complex geology, and that all genuine Christians should accept this viewpoint.
NASA astronomer Jennifer Wiseman asserts that studying creation can show us the nature of God; science can inform us of what we need to do as stewards of God's creation; understanding the natural world gives us a deeper knowledge of Jesus Christ; and science can give us a better understanding of ourselves. This essay was presented at the November 2009 Theology of Celebration Workshop.
Many evangelicals believe that Young Earth Creationism is the only authentic, biblical way for Christians to understand origins, and that until the advent of Darwin's theory of evolution, it was the only view held by Christians. However, in this excerpt from Saving Darwin, Karl Giberson explains that Young Earth Creationism's origins are surprisingly recent.


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Antioxidant for immune system support
Selenium is a natural antioxidant that delays the oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids and preserves the elasticity of tissue. Selenium is required for the production of certain prostaglandins, which promote healthy blood flow. In synergy with vitamin E, selenium promotes healthy growth and fertility, and improves the function of certain energy producing cells. Selenium also provides support for the immune system.
Selenium protects normal cell function by supporting the body's natural defenses and scavenging harmful free radicals.
Directions for Use: 1 capsule per day, with a meal, or as directed by a health professional.
* Daily value not establishedThese statements have not been evaluated by the FDA. These products are not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.
Other IngredientsHypo-allergenic plant fiber added to complete capsule volume requirement.
Pharmaca Integrative Pharmacy is your source for natural health products. Browse our online selection of products from all of the best natural brands, or visit one of our pharmacy locations and talk with one of our licensed practitioners. From natural beauty products and cosmetics to vitamins, herbs and supplements, we offer high-quality natural wellness products for the whole family! Start exploring—shop by brand or by condition to find the perfect natural health products for your body, skin, home and more.
The products and claims made about specific products on this site have not been evaluated by Pharmaca.com or the United States Food and Drug Administration and are not approved to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent disease. The information on this site is for educational purposes only and is not intended as a substitute for advice from your physician or other health care professional or any information contained on or in any product label or packaging. You should not use the information on this site for diagnosis or treatment of any health problem or for prescription of any medication or other treatment. You should consult with a healthcare professional before starting any diet, exercise or supplementation program, before taking any medication, or if you have or suspect you might have a health problem. Pharmaca Integrative Pharmacy will not assume liability for any cross-contamination of ingredients, misprints, or adverse reactions to any ingredients in the products we carry. The products sold here may contain lead and other substances that are known to the state of California to cause cancer and birth defects and other reproductive harm. Prices and promotions are subject to change without notice. All content on this web site is copyrighted by Pharmaca Integrative Pharmacy unless otherwise stated. All online offers and prices are valid for online purchases only, and may be different from those in our retail stores. Free shipping offer may not apply to all orders and all states; see shipping policy for full details. Copyright © 2009 – 2015 by Pharmaca Integrative Pharmacy. All rights reserved.


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Kim Morris >> See More Playmates
Galleries in Full HD!
Galleries in Full HD!
NAME: Kim Morris BIRTHPLACE: San Diego, California USA BUST: 35" C WAIST: 23" HIPS: 35" HEIGHT: 5' 6" WEIGHT: 118 lbs WHAT PLACE WOULD YOU LIKE TO RETIRE TO AND WHY? Northern California, Napa Valley! Own a bed and breakfast hotel and raise a family. WHAT MA...
Get this complete pictorial in stunning resolution & HD video! View Full Gallery!


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- Home »
- News and Events »
- The Women's Sea-Term Briefing
The Women's Sea-Term Briefing
Each fall, before students leave for their Winter Work jobs, a Women's Sea-Term Briefing is held. This year two Midshipmen from the Merchant Marine Academy, Kate O'Connor and Erika Lawson, came to Webb to address the Webb women students. Both Kate and Erika are in the Shipyard Management major, so in addition to shipping, both have worked as interns in shipyards. The topics discussed included:preparations before reporting aboard, reporting aboard, shipboard life, getting involved, problem situations, and the shipping lifestyle.
Students find the session informative and also are interested in learning why other women are attracted to this type of work. A highlight of the meeting is the chance for both the Kings Point students and Webb students to exchange sea stories.


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Passion Pit @ 107.7 The End's Deck The Hall Ball (Seattle, WA)
Here is another one I finally got to cross off my bucket list. I had gotten approved to shoot Passion Pit back in 2009. Unfortunately they postponed their show due to illness, and when they rescheduled 2 months later, I had to decline due to a schedule conflict. However, I did get to shoot an Endsession with them at Sasquatch, but not a full set. So being able to finally shoot them at Deck The Hall Ball, made it worth my while.
CANDLEThe best is last ! This is AMAZING Xander!!! I love it ! Great gallery! I bet the show was a lot of fun! (((:Dec 06, 2012
CANDLEVery nice! (:Dec 06, 2012
CANDLEBRILLIANT shot ! (((:Dec 06, 2012
CANDLEGREAT focus and overall shot! (((:Dec 06, 2012
CANDLEAwesome shot! (:Dec 06, 2012
CANDLEI love drummer shots! They can be so difficult to get with them in the back and all ! Great shot Xander! (:Dec 06, 2012


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Shelter Duster Coat - Alaska fit
Weather-resistant full-length coat requires no break-in time
To order by phone, please call 1-866-860-8906
A classic full-length rancher coat with snap-closure rear gusset for riding and leg snaps to secure in windy weather. Accepts zip-in liners. Wipe or brush clean. Made in USA of imported material.
- Snap-closure rear gusset for freedom of movement
- Zipper and storm flap closure
- 4 flap pockets, 1 slotted utility pocket, 2 handwarmer pockets, 1 interior utility pocket
- Fitted inner cuffs
- Moleskin-lined, snap-closure collar
- Accepts Filson zip-in liners
- Leg snaps secure sides even in strong winds
- Reinforced arms and yoke for added protection
Field; Workwear
Product Care
Wipe or brush clean
Made in USA of imported material
Proven its worth over the years
Comments: I can't claim anything as dramatic as some of your other customers -- there isn't much call to use chainsaws or face down enraged livestock in New York City. I do, however, have three Filson hats, two Filson coats, and a Filson laptop bag that never fail to do the job and get compliments on how good they look while doing it. The Shelter Cloth Duster has especially proven its worth over the years, especially since I now face extended walks at each end of my commute to and from work. I find myself almost looking forward to the cooler weather so I can break out my Filson's again after the hot summer. Thanks for making gear that works not only in the field but in the city as well.
Paul Zorovich


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Test ID: PLSD
Lysosomal and Peroxisomal Storage Disorders Screen, Blood Spot
Useful For Suggests clinical disorders or settings where the test may be helpful
Evaluation of patients with a clinical presentation suggestive of a lysosomal storage disorder, specifically Gaucher, Niemann-Pick type A or type B, Pompe, Krabbe, Fabry disease, or mucopolysaccharidosis I; or a peroxisomal disorder, either X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy or Zellweger spectrum syndrome
Clinical Information Discusses physiology, pathophysiology, and general clinical aspects, as they relate to a laboratory test
Lysosomes are intracellular organelles that contain hydrolytic enzymes to degrade a variety of macromolecules. Lysosomal storage disorders are a diverse group of inherited diseases where macromolecules accumulate due to defects in their transport mechanisms across the lysosomal membrane or due to defective lysosomal enzyme function. Accumulation of these macromolecules leads to cell damage and, eventually, organ dysfunction. More than 40 lysosomal storage disorders have been described with a wide phenotypic spectrum.
Gaucher disease, which is inherited as an autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disorder, is caused by a deficiency of acid beta-glucosidase (glucocerebrosidase: GBA), resulting in increased storage of glucocerebroside (D-glucosylceramide). The deposition of glucocerebroside in macrophages of the reticuloendothelial system (Gaucher cells) causes organ dysfunction and organomegaly. Gaucher cells, found in the spleen, bone marrow, lung, lymph nodes, and liver, are characteristic of the disease. There are 3 clinical types of Gaucher disease:
-Type I: adult/chronic
-Type II: acute neuropathic/infantile
-Type III: subacute neuropathic/juvenile
Type I, the most frequent form of the disease, is characterized by organomegaly, thrombocytopenia, and bone pain, and is frequent among the Ashkenazim. Hepatosplenomegaly is usually present in all 3 types. Involvement of the central nervous system (CNS) is limited to the infantile type (type II). Enzyme replacement therapy with alglucerase (Ceredase) is available for patients with Gaucher type I disease. Clinical trials of antimetabolites are in progress.
Niemann-Pick disease types A and B are caused by a deficiency of sphingomyelinase, which results in extensive storage of sphingomyelin and cholesterol in the liver, spleen, lungs, and, to a lesser degree, brain. Niemann-Pick type A disease is more severe than type B and characterized by early onset with feeding problems, dystrophy, persistent jaundice, development of hepatosplenomegaly, neurological deterioration, deafness, and blindness, leading to death by age 3. Niemann-Pick type B disease is limited to visceral symptoms with survival into adulthood. Some patients have been described with intermediary phenotypes. Characteristic of the disease are large lipid-laden foam cells. Approximately 50% of cases have cherry-red spots in the macula. Sphingomyelinase is encoded by the SMPD1 gene.
Pompe disease, also known as glycogen storage disease type II, is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by a deficiency of the lysosomal enzyme acid alpha-glucosidase (GAA; acid maltase) due to mutations in the GAA gene. The estimated incidence is 1 in 40,000 live births. In Pompe disease, glycogen that is taken up by lysosomes during physiologic cell turnover accumulates, causing lysosomal swelling, cell damage, and, eventually, organ dysfunction. This leads to progressive muscle weakness, cardiomyopathy, and, eventually, death. The clinical phenotype appears to be dependent on residual enzyme activity. Complete loss of enzyme activity causes onset in infancy leading to death, typically within the first year of life. Juvenile and adult-onset forms, as the names suggest, are characterized by later onset and longer survival. Because Pompe disease is considered a rare condition that progresses rapidly in infancy, the disease, in particular the juvenile and adult-onset forms, is often considered late, if at all, during the evaluation of patients presenting with muscle hypotonia, weakness, or cardiomyopathy. Treatment by enzyme replacement therapy became available recently, making early diagnosis of Pompe disease desirable, as early initiation of treatment may improve prognosis.
Krabbe disease (globoid cell leukodystrophy) is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by a deficiency of galactocerebrosidase (GALC, galactosylceramide beta-galactosidase). Galactosylceramide (as with sulfated galactosylceramide) is a lipid component of myelin. The absence of GALC results in globular, distended, multinucleated bodies in the basal ganglia, pontine nuclei, and cerebral white matter. There is severe demyelination throughout the brain with progressive cerebral degenerative disease affecting primarily the white matter. Patients with this early infantile onset variant of Krabbe disease (<1 in 250,000 live births) die within 2 years. Late infantile-onset Krabbe disease manifests between 6 and 12 months of life and leads to death within a few years as well. Juvenile and adult onset variants present later in life, progress more slowly, and - based on newborn screening experience in New York - appear to be more common than the earlier onset variants. Of note, Krabbe disease variants, including pseudodeficiency, may not be discriminated by enzyme activity measurement. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, particularly when performed within the first few weeks of life, has shown variable benefit.
Fabry disease is an X-linked recessive disorder with an incidence of approximately 1 in 50,000 males. Symptoms result from a deficiency of the enzyme alpha-galactosidase A (GLA; ceramide trihexosidase). Reduced GLA activity results in accumulation of glycosphingolipids in the lysosomes of both peripheral and visceral tissues. Severity and onset of symptoms are dependent on the residual GLA activity. Males with <1% GLA activity have the classic form of Fabry disease. Symptoms can appear in childhood or adolescence and usually include acroparesthesias (pain crises), multiple angiokeratomas, reduced or absent sweating, and corneal opacity. Renal insufficiency, leading to end-stage renal disease and cardiac and cerebrovascular disease, generally occur in middle age. Males with >1% GLA activity may present with a variant form of Fabry disease. The renal variant generally has onset of symptoms in the third decade. The most prominent feature in this form is renal insufficiency and, ultimately, end-stage renal disease. Individuals with the renal variant may or may not share other symptoms with the classic form of Fabry disease. Individuals with the cardiac variant are often asymptomatic until they present with cardiac findings such as cardiomyopathy or mitral insufficiency in the fourth decade. The cardiac variant is not associated with renal failure. Females who are carriers of Fabry disease can have clinical presentations ranging from asymptomatic to severely affected.
Mucopolysaccharidosis I (MPS I) is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by a reduced or absent activity of the alpha-L-iduronidase enzyme. Deficiency of the alpha-L-iduronidase enzyme can result in a wide range of phenotypes further categorized into 3 syndromes: Hurler syndrome (MPS IH), Scheie syndrome (MPS IS), and Hurler-Scheie syndrome (MPS IH/S). Because there is no way to distinguish the syndromes biochemically, they are also referred to as MPS I and attenuated MPS I.
Clinical features and severity of symptoms of MPS I are widely variable, ranging from severe disease to an attenuated form that generally presents at a later onset with a milder clinical presentation. In general, symptoms may include coarse facies, progressive dysostosis multiplex, hepatosplenomegaly, corneal clouding, hearing loss, mental retardation or learning difficulties, and cardiac valvular disease. The incidence of MPS I is approximately 1 in 100,000 live births. Treatment options include hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and enzyme replacement therapy.
Peroxisomes are organelles present in all human cells except mature erythrocytes. They carry out essential metabolic functions including beta-oxidation of very long-chain fatty acids (VLCFA), alpha-oxidation of phytanic acid, and biosynthesis of plasmalogen and bile acids. Peroxisomal disorders include 2 major subgroups: disorders of peroxisomal biogenesis and single peroxisomal enzyme/transporter defects. Peroxisome biogenesis defects such as Zellweger spectrum syndrome, are characterized by defective assembly of the entire organelle, whereas in single enzyme/transporter defects such as X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy, the organelle is intact, but a specific function is disrupted. These disorders are clinically diverse and range in severity from neonatal lethal to later onset milder variants.
Zellweger syndrome spectrum (ZSS) is a continuum of severe disorders affecting the nervous system, vision, hearing, and liver function. Most individuals present in infancy, but adult patients have been identified. The prevalence of ZSS is 1 in 50,000. ZSS follows autosomal recessive inheritance. At least 12 different genes have been implicated in ZSS, with approximately 60% to 70% of mutations occurring in PEX1. The clinical phenotypes include Zellweger syndrome, neonatal adrenoleukodystrophy (NALD), and infantile Refsum disease (IRD). Individuals with Zellweger syndrome typically die within the first year of life without making any developmental progress. Individuals with NALD or IRD typically present in childhood with developmental delays, vision loss, and hearing loss, and have a much slower disease progression. There is no specific treatment for ZSS.
X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (XALD) is a disorder affecting the nervous system, adrenal cortex, and testis. It is the most common of the peroxisomal disorders, affecting 1 in 17,000 to 1 in 21,000 males. At least 50% of all females who are heterozygotes for XALD are symptomatic. A defect in the ABCD1 gene is responsible for the disease. X-ALD shows a wide range of phenotypic expressions. The clinical phenotypes occurring in males can be subdivided in 4 main categories: cerebral inflammatory, adrenomyeloneuropathy (AMN), Addison only, and asymptomatic. The first 2 phenotypes account for almost 80% of the patients, while the frequency of the asymptomatic category diminishes with age and it is very rare after age 40. It is estimated that approximately 50% of heterozygotes develop an AMN-like syndrome. Treatment options are hormone replacement therapy, dietary intervention, or hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
Reference Values Describes reference intervals and additional information for interpretation of test results. May include intervals based on age and sex when appropriate. Intervals are Mayo-derived, unless otherwise designated. If an interpretive report is provided, the reference value field will state this.
Normal Range
Acid Beta-Glucosidase
> or =3.0 nmol/mL/hr
Niemann-Pick A/B
> or =5.5 nmol/mL/hr
Acid Alpha-Glucosidase
> or =4.0 nmol/mL/hr
> or =0.4 nmol/mL/hr
> or =4.0 nmol/mL/hr
> or =2.0 nmol/mL/hr
C20 Lysophosphatidylcholine
< or =0.26 mcg/mL
C22 Lysophosphatidylcholine
< or =0.11 mcg/mL
C24 Lysophosphatidylcholine
Female <0.10 mcg/mL
Female indeterminate = 0.10-0.20 mcg/mL
Male < or =0.20 mcg/mL
C26 Lysophosphatidylcholine
< or =0.30 mcg/mL
Interpretation Provides information to assist in interpretation of the test results
An interpretive report is provided.
When abnormal results are detected, a detailed interpretation is given, including an overview of the results and of their significance, a correlation to available clinical information, elements of differential diagnosis, recommendations for additional biochemical testing, and in vitro confirmatory studies (enzyme assay, molecular analysis), name and phone number of key contacts who may provide these studies at Mayo Medical Laboratories or elsewhere, and a phone number to reach 1 of the laboratory directors in case the referring physician has additional questions.
Abnormal results are not sufficient to conclusively establish a diagnosis of a particular disease. To verify a preliminary diagnosis based on the analysis, independent biochemical (eg, in vitro enzyme assay) or molecular genetic analyses are required.
Cautions Discusses conditions that may cause diagnostic confusion, including improper specimen collection and handling, inappropriate test selection, and interfering substances
Specimens exposed to heat >25 degrees C will be cancelled.
A positive test result is strongly suggestive of a diagnosis but needs follow-up by stand-alone biochemical or molecular assay.
Clinical Reference Provides recommendations for further in-depth reading of a clinical nature
1. DeJesus VR, Zhou H, Vogt RF, Hannon WH: Changes in solvent composition in tandem mass spectrometry multiplex assay for lysosomal storage disorders do not affect assay results. Clin Chem 2009;55(3):596-598
2. Li Y, Scott CR, Chamoles NA, et al: Direct multiplex assay of lysosomal enzymes in dried blood spots for newborn screening. Clin Chem 2004;50(10):1785-1796
3. Hubbard WC, Moser AB, Liu AC, et al: Newborn screening for X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (X-ALD): validation of a combined liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric (LC-MS/MS) method. Mol Genet Metab 2009;97(3):212-220


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Pope Benedict XVI
Gregorio Borgia/Associated Press
News about Pope Benedict XVI, including commentary and archival articles published in The New York Times.
Chronology of Coverage
Apr. 17, 2015
Vatican ends inquiry into Leadership Conference of Women Religious, main leadership group of American nuns; confrontation, initiated by Pope Francis' predecessor Benedict, had been prompted by group's deviation from church doctrine on all-male priesthood, sexuality and birth control; move is seen as effort to compromise with incensed American Catholics ahead of Francis' fall visit to the US. MORE
Jul. 12, 2014
Pope Francis and his predecessor Benedict XVI find themselves confronting odd schism of having their two countries competing in the finals of the World Cup. MORE
Jun. 14, 2013
International Criminal Court in The Hague says it will not investigate or prosecute former Pope Benedict XVI and other leaders of the Roman Catholic Church on allegations of covering up sexual abuse of children by priests; lawyers for victims, who filed suit in 2011, say outcome was expected but case has still raised profile of important issue. MORE
May. 30, 2013
Pope Benedict XVI has forsaken his red shoes for brown loafers from Mexico, and the nation rejoices, anticipating the strengthening of an entire industry. MORE
May. 3, 2013
Return of Benedict XVI, pope emeritus, to Vatican City two months after his retirement inaugurates unusual living situation of former and current popes living within Vatican walls; it remains to be seen how relationship of Benedict and Pope Francis will play out. MORE
Mar. 24, 2013
Pope emeritus Benedict XVI has lunch with Pope Francis, and Vatican officials paint picture of seamless transition; reality of pope and emeritus pope living in his shadow will probably be more complicated than officials are conceding. MORE
Mar. 13, 2013
Group of 115 cardinals meets in Sistine Chapel in Vatican City to begin ritualized deliberations over who will replace Pope Benedict XVI; many in Catholic world are demanding changes in how church is run, but few agree on what changes should be. MORE
Mar. 8, 2013
Memo from Rome; cardinals who elect next pontiff of Roman Catholic Church appear to be looking for someone who combines charisma of Pope John Paul II with grit to tackle disarray and scandal in Vatican; focus on communication and good governance is in many ways acknowledgement of deficiencies of Pope Benedict XVI. MORE
Mar. 6, 2013
New York Times/CBS News poll finds that the Roman Catholic church hierarchy has lost the confidence and allegiance of many American Catholics; seven out of 10 say Pope Benedict XVI and Vatican have done poor job of handling sexual abuse; many believe that church and bishops are out of touch, and that the next pope should lead church in more modern direction on issues like birth control and ordaining women and married men as priests. MORE
Mar. 5, 2013
Some 145 cardinals gather on first day of meetings required upon end of papacy in Vatican City; general congregation offers chance for cardinals to make case for what kind of pope they want. MORE
Mar. 4, 2013
Cardinal Timothy M Dolan, New York's archbishop, says daily life of Catholic Church is more important than picking Pope Benedict XVI's successor; Dolan celebrates Mass in St Peter's Basilica's grottoes in Rome, where he is to participate in conversations for electing a new pope. MORE
Mar. 3, 2013
Resignation of Pope Benedict XVI will reverberate for years to come and could change nature of modern papacy, starting with election of his successor; Vatican experts and some church leaders say that Benedict's decision holds potential to set limits for future popes, and make them more subject to pressure from critics. MORE
Mar. 3, 2013
Ross Douthat Op-Ed column examines legacy of Pope Benedict XVI; contends Benedict helped ensure that something recognizable as Catholic Christianity will survive into third millennium. MORE
Mar. 1, 2013
Pope Benedict XVI departs Vatican, becoming first pope in modern history to retire; Benedict leaves in his wake Vatican hierarchy facing scandals and intrigue that are casting shadow over cardinals entrusted with electing his successor. MORE
Mar. 1, 2013
Op-Ed article by author Paul Eli suggests American Catholics give up Catholicism for Lent and seize opportunity to examine truth of the faith; contends, in light of Pope Benedict XVI's resignation, that change in church can happen, and brief reprieve from church may allow faithful to consider what else about faith can be changed. MORE
Feb. 28, 2013
Tens of thousands of Catholics gather in St Peter's Square to see Pope Benedict XVI give valedictory message. MORE
Feb. 28, 2013
Op-Ed article by Hans Kung, professor emeritus of ecumenical theology, raises question of whether resignation of Pope Benedict XVI can pave way for reform within Roman Catholic Church. MORE
Feb. 27, 2013
News analysis; sudden resignation of most senior Roman Catholic cardinal in Britain, who stepped aside in face of accusations that he made unwanted sexual advances toward priests, shows that taint of scandal can force cardinal from participating in selection of new pope; at least dozen other cardinals tarnished with accusations that they had failed to remove priests accused of sexually abusing minors are among those gathering for conclave to select successor to Pope Benedict XVI, which has angered advocates for abuse victims. MORE
Feb. 27, 2013
Castel Gandolfo Journal; Castel Gandolfo, small town outside of Rome, is preparing to welcome Pope Benedict XVI, who will reside there for two months after resigning as pope; town has hosted succession of pontiffs seeking solace from Roman summer since 1600s. MORE
Feb. 27, 2013
Vatican says Pope Benedict XVI will keep name Benedict XVI and become Roman pontiff emeritus or pope emeritus, putting end to days of speculation on how he will be addressed once he ceases to be leader of the world's 1.1 billion Roman Catholics. MORE
Feb. 26, 2013
Cardinal Keith O'Brien, most senior British Roman Catholic cleric, announces his resignation day after being accused of 'inappropriate acts' with priests, saying he will not attend conclave to elect new pope to replace Benedict XVI. MORE
Feb. 25, 2013
British newspaper The Observer reports that Cardinal Keith O'Brien, most senior British Roman Catholic cleric, has been accused of committing 'inappropriate acts' in his relations with three priests and one former priest; report also says that complaints reached pope's diplomatic representative in Rome week before Pope Benedict XVI announced his resignation. MORE
Feb. 24, 2013
Speculative reports in Italian news media alleging scandals within Roman Catholic Church have dominated headlines as cardinals from around world arrive in Rome to elect successor to Pope Benedict XVI; reports, which Vatican says are attempts to influence election, suggest fierce internal struggle as prelates scramble to consolidate power and attack their rivals in dying days of troubled papacy. MORE
Feb. 24, 2013
Roman Catholic Church's explosive growth in Africa has led to serious talk of possibility of African cardinal succeeding Pope Benedict XVI; Catholic population in Africa grew nearly 21 percent between 2005 and 2010, far outstripping rest of world. MORE
Feb. 24, 2013
Op-Ed article by author Elmore Leonard reflects on Pope Benedict XVI's resignation, and recalls that one need not be cardinal to be chosen as pope; posits that female pope would be refreshing. MORE
Feb. 23, 2013
Vatican denies that decision by Pope Benedict XVI to send senior official to new post in Latin America is linked to secret report about leaked papal papers. MORE
Feb. 23, 2013
Michelangelo's Sistine Chapel will close to public for several weeks, as cardinals gather in Vatican Museums to elect successor of Pope Benedict XVI; rooms painted by Raphael in Pontifical palace now open after 30-year restoration. MORE
Feb. 21, 2013
Vatican says that Pope Benedict XVI is considering changing rules for election of his successor, potentially allowing process to start sooner. MORE
Feb. 19, 2013
Frank Bruni Op-Ed column holds that drama surrounding election of Pope Benedict XVI's successor will have little long term importance in North America and Western Europe, where Catholics feel disconnected from church hierarchy and official doctrine. MORE
Feb. 18, 2013
Vatican City Memo; Pope Benedict XVI's decision to resign has puzzled faithful and scholars, who wonder whether he will lose his infallibility as result of stepping down and if transformation might undermine authority of church teaching. MORE
Feb. 17, 2013
Cardinals gathering at the Sistine Chapel in March to elect a new pope to succeed Pope Benedict XVI have been quietly evaluating potential successors for years; subtle politics will influence the very intuitive, often unpredictable process 117 cardinals use in their votes. MORE
Feb. 16, 2013
Pope Benedict XVI names Ernst von Freyberg, German aristocrat and industrialist, as head of Vatican Bank, reducing Italian presence in secretive institution that has struggled to restore its credibility and meet international transparency norms. MORE
Feb. 15, 2013
Pope Benedict XVI takes leave of parish priests and clergy of diocese of Rome and indicates that he will not hold public role once his resignation becomes official on February 28. MORE
Feb. 14, 2013
Pope Benedict XVI presides over Ash Wednesday services, his final public Mass, at St Peter's Basilica, thanking faithful for their support during his nearly eight-year pontificate, which will end on Feb 28 when he becomes first pope to resign in almost 600 years. MORE
Feb. 14, 2013
Cardinal Timothy M Dolan, archbishop of New York, says resignation of Pope Benedict XVI is living example of humility and penance, message of Ash Wednesday. MORE
Feb. 14, 2013
Marktl Am Inn Journal; residents of Marktl Am Inn, German town where Pope Benedict XVI was born, never prospered as much as was hoped after he became pope, and town will likely get even fewer visitors after he steps down. MORE
Feb. 14, 2013
Excerpts from Twitter comments about resignation of Pope Benedict XVI. MORE
Feb. 13, 2013
Scandals have battered Pope Benedict XVI's papacy, leading him to decide he could best serve the church by resigning, a momentous decision with far-reaching implications that are still not fully understood; Benedict had hoped his papacy would rekindle Catholic faith in Europe, but he apparently came to understand that only a new pope with far more energy could lead the church and clean house inside the hierarchy. MORE
Feb. 13, 2013
Unusual circumstance of Pope Benedict XVI's plan to retire at end of Feb 2013 presents series of questions for the Vatican to address, from how former pope will be addressed to what to do with papal ring used to seal important documents, traditionally destroyed upon pope's death. MORE
Feb. 13, 2013
Cardinal Timothy M Dolan, archbishop of New York, is among cardinals being considered to succeed Pope Benedict XVI, though he is considers a long shot. MORE
Feb. 13, 2013
Op-Ed article by author Garry Wills highlights paradox in which only the pope has authority to make Roman Catholic Church change, but it is exactly that authority that stands in way of change; expresses pessimism that Benedict XVI's successor will remedy discord in church. MORE
Feb. 12, 2013
News analysis; if Pope Benedict XVI is judged by written words alone his tenure has been a solid success, but he often appeared to carom from one crisis to the next when it came to the major challenges facing the Roman Catholic Church; to many traditionalists, he is a hero who has reeled in the excesses of Vatican II, but liberal Catholics from the church's social justice wing feel that he was intolerant of the church's left and overly solicitous of the right. MORE
Feb. 12, 2013
Pope Benedict XVI's surprise announcement that he will resign on Feb 28 sets the stage for a succession battle that is likely to determine the future course of a church troubled by scandal and declining faith in its traditional strongholds around the world; citing advanced years and infirmity, Benedict is the first pope in six centuries to resign; decision sets up a struggle between conservatives, who advocate a smaller church of more fervent Catholics, and those who believe that the church can extend its reach. MORE
Feb. 12, 2013
Pope Benedict XVI's announcement that he will step down is first papal resignation in 598 years; Vatican history experts say that circumstances behind departures of small handful of other popes in history had nothing to do with age or health. MORE
Feb. 12, 2013
News of Pope Benedict XVI's resignation is met with surprise and some sadness in Rome and around the world; Benedict will resign on Feb 28, becoming first pope to do so in six centuries. MORE
Feb. 12, 2013
Op-Ed article by Rev James Martin, editor at large at Catholic magazine America, reflects on Pope Benedict XVI's tenure, and lesson that his resignation offers. MORE
Feb. 12, 2013
Op-Ed article by author Jason Berry outlines ways in which Pope Benedict XVI failed to address some of Roman Catholic Church's errors; urges Benedict to force out Cardinal Angelo Sodano, dean of College of Cardinals and man who, more than any other, embodies misuse of power that has corrupted church hierarchy. MORE
Dec. 25, 2012
Pope Benedict XVI, delivering his annual Christmas Eve message, expresses concern for place of faith in people's busy lives, prays for peace in Middle East and calls for end to violence in Syria. MORE
Dec. 23, 2012
Pope Benedict XVI appoints Boston priest Rev Robert W Oliver as Vatican's new sexual crimes prosecutor; Oliver handled clergy sexual abuse cases in Boston's Roman Catholic Church at height of its scandal; pope also pardons former butler, who was serving prison term after leaking confidential documents. MORE
Dec. 13, 2012
Pope Benedict XVI dispatches his first Twitter message, opening new chapter in papal discourse. MORE
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Highlights From the Archives
Man in the News
From Roots in Wartime Germany to the Papacy
Along with his subtle and powerful intellect lies a spiritual, almost mystical side rooted in Bavaria.April 20, 2005 worldNews
Articles About Benedict XVI
Portrait of Pope Benedict XVI Made of Condoms Draws Complaints in Milwaukee
The archbishop of Milwaukee does not approve of a portrait recently acquired by the Milwaukee Art Museum.
June 29, 2015, Monday
The End of the Sex Abuse Crisis
Pope Francis and the promise of systemic accountability within the Catholic Church.
June 17, 2015, Wednesday
Papal Responses to Sexual Abuse in the Church
A tribunal set up by Pope Francis is the Vatican's first mechanism to discipline negligent Roman Catholic bishops, rather than abusive priests.
June 11, 2015, Thursday
Terrorist Cell May Have Sought to Attack the Vatican, Italian Officials Say
A prosecutor said an investigation had revealed that a Pakistani man who was in Rome in March 2010 was "described as a kamikaze."
April 25, 2015, Saturday
Vatican Ends Battle With U.S. Catholic Nuns' Group
An investigation and oversight of the nuns' main leadership group, begun under Pope Benedict XVI, ended with an "expression of appreciation" from Pope Francis.
April 17, 2015, Friday
Who Are Pope Francis's Critics?
A taxonomy of various sorts of Francis-era doubt.
March 12, 2015, Thursday
Questions Rise on Fate of Chinese Bishop
Amid unconfirmed reports of the death of Bishop Cosma Shi Enxiang, held in secret for the last 14 years, his family and Chinese Catholics seek answers.
February 16, 2015, Monday
Pope Francis As Unifier
On Oscar Romero, bishop accountability for sex abuse, and the possibility of a depolarizing pope.
February 9, 2015, Monday
The Pope, Beyoncé and Me
Reaching out to Cuba while admonishing his own cardinals, Francis sends the right Christmas message.
December 24, 2014, Wednesday
Pope Declines to Meet With Dalai Lama
The Tibetan spiritual leader attended a gathering of Nobel Peace Prize laureates in Rome, but the Vatican said Francis would not meet any of them.
December 13, 2014, Saturday
Decades of Untapped Authority
Before he became pope, Benedict XVI held a critical decision-making position in the Vatican that had authority over cases involving priests who sexually molested children, but did not assert it for many years.
How Recent Popes Differ on Key Issues
Try to figure out which pope said what in seven critical areas.
Examining the Conclave
The Times's Daniel J. Wakin reports from Rome, where the voting process to elect a new pope is set to start on Tuesday with no clear front-runner.
U.S. Catholics Welcome a Papal Change
In a New York Times/CBS poll, the majority of Catholics said Pope Benedict XVI made the right decision to step down and hope for a more liberally focused leadership.
A Papal Farewell
Pope Benedict XVI spends his final day as head of the Roman Catholic Church.
Rss Feeds On Pope Benedict XVI
Subscribe to an RSS feed on this topic. What is RSS?
Get Alerts On Pope Benedict XVI
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RIDGWAY – Of all the intricate pieces of artwork throughout the 15th annual Ridgway Chainsaw Carvers Rendezvous, one particular piece sitting on Court Street has stood out to many passersby throughout the week.
The carving masterpiece, created by Mark Bosworth of Massachusetts, features a young girl with angel's wings embracing the neck of a horse. It is a memoriam piece paying tribute the late Amanda Putney of Royalston, Mass., who died in a December 2012 car crash.
[1] http://www.kanerepublican.com/sites/default/files/mark bosworth.JPG


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Frosted Cinnamon Rolls Recipe
- 1 cup warm milk (70° to 80°)
- 1/4 cup water (70° to 80°)
- 1/4 cup butter, softened
- 1 large egg
- 1 teaspoon salt
- 4 cups bread flour
- 1/4 cup instant vanilla pudding mix
- 1 tablespoon sugar
- 1 tablespoon active dry yeast
- 1/4 cup butter, softened
- 1 cup packed brown sugar
- 2 teaspoons ground cinnamon
- 4 ounces cream cheese, softened
- 1/4 cup butter, softened
- 1-1/2 cups confectioners' sugar
- 1-1/2 teaspoons milk
- 1/2 teaspoon vanilla extract
- In bread machine pan, place first nine ingredients in order suggested by manufacture. Select dough setting (check dough after 5 minutes of mixing; add 1 to 2 tablespoons water or flour if needed).
- When cycle is completed, turn dough onto lightly floured surface. Roll into a 17-in. x 10-in. rectangle. Spread with butter; sprinkle with brown sugar and cinnamon. Roll up, jelly-roll style, starting from a long side; pinch seam to seal. Cut into 21 slices.
- Place 12 slices, cut side down, in a greased 13-in. x 9-in. baking pan and nine rolls in a 9-in. square baking pan. Cover; let rise in a warm place until doubled, about 45 minutes.
- Bake at 350° for 20-25 minutes or until golden brown. Cool for 10 minutes before removing from pans to wire racks to cool.
- In a large bowl, beat frosting ingredients until smooth. Frost warm rolls. Store in refrigerator. Yield: 21 rolls.
Reviews for Frosted Cinnamon Rolls
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"I've been making Paula Deen's rolls for the last few years. These are so much better. After the initial "accident" of the dough spilling over in the bread machine, ( a TBSP of yeast?!) I think I might reduce the yeast next time. But this will definitely be in my favorite folder!! :)"
"Ha-It wasn't showing as submitting and I kept adding, here is the final revew... I found this recipe when it was first published back in 2000 and have used it since! It's quick, easy, and everyone loves it. Yes, I add a bit more to the filling. I put a dash of Cardamom in with the filling too. Everyone says they are different some how and loves the flavor. I used to send them with my ex-husband for hunting. His hunting buddies will still call to see if I can make them a batch."
"I found this recipe when it was first published back in 2000 and have used it since! It's quick, easy, and everyone loves it. I used to send them with my ex-husband for hunting. His hunting buddies will still call to see if I can make them a batch."
"I've used this recipe for years! It's quick, easy, and everyone loves it."
"Delicious! After cutting the rolls and putting them in the pan, I put them in the fridge overnight (covered tightly with plastic wrap). Then in the morning I used Alton Brown's method for proofing overnight cinnamon rolls--boil about 2 quarts of water. Pour into a shallow pan placed on the bottom rack of the oven. Put rolls on top rack and let rise for 30 minutes, or until doubled. Take rolls and pan of water out of oven. Preheat oven, then bake rolls. It was nice to have homemade cinnamon rolls for breakfast without having to be up at the crack of dawn to start them!"