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The Amazing Race – Starved Rock Style
Spend an exciting day solving devious clues each step of the way and getting to know the Starved Rock Lodge area a little more. Try to be the first to uncover the Legend of Starved Rock. Use your wits, energy and sense of adventure as you race against time and your fellow racers. Enjoy a post-race awards ceremony at the finish line. The Amazing Race is fantastic for families, but children under the age of 8 and guests with limited mobility may find this event too strenuous. Teams are of 2-4 people and at least one person must have a valid drivers license and their own transportation as there is driving involved. Check in for the race will be at 11:15 a.m in the Starved Rock Lodge Lobby. Race start time is 11:30 a.m. $50.00 per couple. 2015 Dates for Amazing Race are: May 17 June 14 & 28 July 12 & 26 August 16 & 30 September 13 & 20.
Eagle Watching at Starved Rock State Park
You don't have to travel north to see these majestic birds of prey. Thousands of eagles migrate south from Canada during the winter and Illinois is one of the homes of the greatest population of wintering bald eagles. The Starved Rock Lodge in Utica offers a "Bald Eagle Trolley Tour" in January and February on Mondays, Wednesdays, Saturdays and Sundays. Viewing birds from the Veranda at the Starved Rock Lodge is good as well. Dress warmly though. This great viewing spot is right outside the doors of the Great Room. If you'd like some exercise, take a hike on one of the trails at the Starved Rock State Park. One trail begins right at the Veranda. For a birds eye view, hike to the top of the Rock. Another popular event is "Eagle Watch Weekend" with activites both at the Starved Rock Lodge and the Illinois Waterway Visitors Center.
Canal Boat & Trolley Tour
Start off with a delicious hot lunch at Starved Rock Lodge. Next, board one of our trolleys for a ride through historic downtown Utica and stop at Cattails for shopping. Your trolley will also take you on a relaxing ride to LaSalle where you will board the canal boat. Step back into time with period dressed interpreters on this 1-hour boat ride. There is minimal walking involved in this tour and restrooms are available throughout. For more information or to reserve call 815-220-7386. $39.00 Adult $34.00 children 10 and under. 11:00a.m. every Friday May through October.
Historic Trolley Tour
Take a great adventure every June through December! Board a trolley outside of the Great Hall area of the Lodge. Enjoy a historic trolley ride with stops at the Starved Rock State Park Visitor Center where you will see a short video of the area. You will also travel to the Illinois Waterway Visitor Center where you will see Starved Rock from across the river and watch as the river traffic lock through the locks. You will also travel through the village of Utica and hear about the Illinois and Michigan Canal. While aboard, the driver will narrate the history and legends of the area. For tickets and information please call 815-220-7386. $12 Adults, $10 Seniors, $8 Child 10 and under. 2014 Dates: JUNE – OCTOBER- Tuesday – 3:00pm, Thursday – 3:00pm, Saturday – 3:00pm, Sunday – 12:00pm & 1:30pm. November & December- Saturday - 12:00pm & 1:30pm, Sunday - 12:00pm & 1:30pm.
Take a Hike & a Lunch - Starved Rock Canyons
Join us for a guided hike from the Lodge to LaSalle and Tonti Canyons. Participants meet in the hotel main lobby of the Lodge to pick up a lunch and a "Starved Rock" backpack. Hikers will stop for lunch once they reach a Canyon. The tour concludes at the Lodge about 2:00pm. Please dress for the weather and wear appropriate footwear. Hike will be around 4.5 miles round trip. This hike is classified as strenuous. Lunch includes: your choice of turkey, ham or PB&J, bag of chips, homemade granola bar, piece of fruit and a bottle of water. Advanced reservations are required as space is limited. For more information or to book, call 815-220-7386 Saturday hikes will go to LaSalle Canyon. Depart from Lodge and hikers will stop for lunch once they reach LaSalle Canyon. After lunch, the hike continues to Eagle Cliff and Lover's Leap. The tour concludes at the Lodge around 2:30 pm. Sunday hikes will go to St. Louis Canyon. The hike will depart from the Lodge and go to the top of Starved Rock then hike to Aurora Canyon. After Aurora Canyon, hikers will go to St. Louis Canyon and stop for lunch. After lunch, the hike continues back to the Lodge and ends around 2:30 pm. Saturday & Sundays through November, 11am-2pm. $17 per person.
Dinner & Evening Cruise on the Belle of the Rock
Tour includes a trolley shuttle to and from the boat. The ride is a relaxing, scenic hour and a half cruise on the Belle of the Rock. It concludes with dinner from our special menu and cheesecake for dessert at Starved Rock Lodge. For more information or to reserve call us at 815-220-7386. $38.50 per person. 5:30p.m.-8:00p.m. Mondays and Thursdays, June through September.
Kewanee Hog Days
Enjoy the perfect ending to the summer and visit the World's largest outdoor pork barbeque held on the streets of Kewanee. Events include a parade, carnival, concessions, craft show, three-day flea market, live entertainment stages. Open 7 am to 10 pm. Bringing home the chops since 1941.
Kewanee Lighted Parade and Windmont Park Lighting
View Kewanee's magical wonderland of vivid colors and whimsical lights celebrating the spirit of the Christmas season. Open daily 5 p.m. – 10 p.m. through New Years Day.
Mega Hike
Have you ever wanted to hike all the canyons in the park? Well now you can do it in one day. Hikes leave the Lodge at 8:30a.m. & 9:00a.m. both days. Expected time for lunch is 1:00 & 2:00. Finish times are approximately 4:30 & 5:00p.m. You will board a trolley with a pair of guides and be taken to the east end of the park where you will begin your trek. Included is trolley transportation, guides, boxed lunch (1/2 way) and a specially designed performance T-shirt. $37.00 per person. Reservations a must. Dates 4/25 & 26, 9/26 & 9/27. For more information and to make a reservation please call 815-220-7386.
Trolley Tours - Starved Rock
Board a trolley outside of the Great Hall area of the Lodge. Learn about the rich history and legends of Starved Rock State Park and Lodge. Travel to the Lock and Dam, through historic downtown Utica and the Starved Rock Visitor Center. Reservations are recommended. April & May: Saturday 3-4:30 & Sunday 12-1:30, 1:30-3 & 3-4:30. Jun. 1, 2015 - Oct. 31, 2015 , Mon-Sat 3:00pm - 4:30pm, Sun 12:00pm-1:30pm, 1:30pm - 3:00pm, 3:00pm - 4:30pm. June-October: Monday-Saturday 3-4:30 pm, Sundays 12:00-1:30, 1:30-3 & 3-4:30. For more information or to book, call 815-220-7386.
Legacy Girls-Tribute to The Andrews Sisters
The vocal trio, The Legacy Girls, will entertain you with three-part harmonies, costumes and synchronized dances that are true to the Andrews Sisters style. The Legacy Girls are dedicated to bringing the songs of the past back to life! Matinee (lunch & show) is only $32.00. 2015 Show dates are June 29 & Sept. 28. For more information and to purchase tickets call 815-220-7386.
Afternoon Music at Cattails - Starved Rock Marketplace
Join us for an afternoon of music at Cattails located at the Starved Rock Marketplace at the intersection of US Route 6 and Illinois Route 178. Enjoy a wine tasting along with the music or purchase a glass of wine or bee as you enjoy local musicians in the lovely setting of the patio at Cattails. This event is free and will take place rain or shine. Saturdays from 3:00pm - 6:00pm, May - October. Contact Cattails for more information - call 815-667-4550.
Starved Rock Walkers Club
Join the fun on our weekly, guided hikes! Explore Starved Rock State Park, Matthiessen State Park, the I & M Canal and a nearby Nature Preserve. Every Thursday morning, year round, the Starved Rock Walkers Club meets in the lobby of the Lodge and departs at 9:00 am. Hikes last between 2 and 3 hours, depending on the destination. The hikes vary each week and over a 4-month period, the group will see the entire park. Make some new friends and learn about wildlife, wildflowers and more. This event is free and open to the public. Please note: We will not hike on Thanksgiving Day, Christmas Eve or New Year's Eve. Time: 9:00 am - 12:00 pm Every Thursday (year round).
Music at the Backdoor Lounge - Starved Rock
There's no better way to relax on a Friday night than with great, live music in the Back Door Lounge. Talented local performers bring a variety of rock and country favorites (mixed with a few original songs) each week. Come early for dinner at Elements! Ask about the wide selection of seasonal beers, Starved Rock wines and specialty drinks. Or, warm up with a coffee drink after dinner. The Back Door Lounge is located just beyond Elements Restaurant. Enter the "Back Door" from the northeast side of the Veranda and don't miss the amazing view outside the door! Perched on a bluff high above the scenic Illinois River Valley is this laid-back destination they call the "19th Canyon." Held every Friday, 8:00pm - 11:00pm.
Starved Rock Paint and Wine Class
What could be better than an evening of wine, music and art, with you as the artist? Enjoy a relaxed painting session with family and friends, or come alone and meet new people. Instructor Melody Best has developed a new and fresh approach to an early 19th century art painting technique; Theorem painting. No painting experience necessary. Evening includes: all of the painting materials you will need, glass of wine, snacks. Everyone will finish a ready-to frame painting to take home. We invite you to come back again and again as progressive training is part of the overall goal to expand your artistic talent. Class can accommodate 15 people, call for reservations. $35.00 per person - class held at The Studio through 9/24/2015.
Annawan Canal Ambush Mini Tri-Atholon and 5K
Experience the stunning Hennepin Canal on a beautiful autumn day. Run on the multi-purpose trail, bike along Patriot Way and paddle down the Hennepin canal to victory! Single and duo entries are encouraged. Location is Hennepin Canal Bridge, Rte. 78 ~ North of Annawan, IL
Valley Carvers Woodcarving Expo
The 27th Annual Valley Carvers Woodcarving Expo returns to Starved Rock Lodge (Great Hall & Starved Rock Room). See over 100 exhibits of woodcarving artists. Outside the Lodge, see chainsaw woodcarving in action. Raffles of woodcarvings and other items. Open to the public. Free admission. This program is partially funded by the Illinois Valley Fine Arts Trust. Last Sunday in September, 9:00am - 5:00pm.
Hog Day Stampede
Join us and compete in the four-mile Stampede, a one-mile run and a quarter-mile "fun run" for younger children. T-shirt awards, children under 7 receive a free t-shirt. Begins at 8 am.
Legacy Girls - 50's, 60's Review
Take a trip back to the 50's & 60's and get ready to rock the songs that shaped the decades! From the Supremes to the Chordettes and the Beatles to Elvis Presley, The Legacy Girls will bring their own sassy style to all of your favorites. Matinee shows include lunch and show at $32.00 a person. For more information or to book, call 815-220-7386.
Buddy Holly/Herman's Hermits
Enjoy a tribute to Buddy Holly, Herman's Hermits and more! Mike Bruccoleri will bring back great memories with Peggy Sue, That'll Be the Day, Kind of a Drag and other favorites of that time! Matinee shows include lunch and show at $32.00 a person. Times: 11:30am - 2:45pm. For more information or to book, call 815-220-7386.
Michael St. Angel takes the stage as "The King of Rock and Roll." You can rock to the hits that made Elvis famous such as Jailhouse Rock, Hounddog, Love Me Tender and many more. Keep the spirit of Rockin' and Rollin' alive! April 19/Evening; April 20 & 21/Matinees - Matinee shows include lunch and show at $32.00 a person. Evening shows include wine tasting, dinner and show at $37.00 per person. For more information or to book, call 815-220-7386.
Jackpot Bingo
Enjoy your bingo at Jackpot Bingo in Peru, IL. Tuesday & Thursday Matinee: Doors open at 11:30 am. Play starts at 12:30 pm. Low $22 buy-in includes lunch. Wednesday, Friday, Saturday and Sunday Evenings: Doors open at 4:30 pm. Play starts at 6:15. Nightly prices range from $20 to $70 - paper, computer and combo packages.
Dinner and a Little History: Gurdon Saltonstall Hubbard The Swiftwalker
Hubbard was 18 when he arrived in Chicago in October of 1818 as a clerk working in the fur trade. After the fur trade ended in Illinois, Hubbard built the first brick commercial building, opened the first meat packing plant in Chicago, helped create the Chicago Board of Trade and the Union Stockyards. He campaigned for and was later appointed as a commissioner responsible for building the I&M Canal. In his long and active life, Gurdon Hubbard saw Chicago grow from a town of four and a half houses, a fort and a Potawatomi town, to more than a half million people by the time of his death in 1886. Speaker: Gary Mechanic, veteran tour guide and storyteller for Friends of the Chicago Portage will bring his story to life. Reservations required. 5:30pm - 8:00pm, Canal Corridor Association. $24 for CCA members, $29 for non-members.
Lincoln Tea
Enjoy this special "Lincoln Tea" afternoon tea at Lock 16 Café on Tues., Oct. 6th from 2-4pm, which includes a full array of tea sandwiches, scones with Devonshire ceram and jam, a variety of sweets and, of course, tea from The Republic of Tea.


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CUMBERLAND ŌĆö A year ago at these Northern Division Championships, then-Central Falls High junior Tiffany Jenkins finished third overall in the high jump ŌĆō courtesy of a leap of five feet, one inch ŌĆō but truly wanted to improve that placement this time around.
Now a senior captain, she accomplished the same 5-1 on Tuesday afternoon, but found herself in a different situation. With the height, she earned the title, so is looking forward to bigger and better things with the premier meets just around the corner.
ŌĆ£I won it at 5-1, but I wanted to challenge myself; thatŌĆÖs why I went up to 5-5 (after she had already clinched the crown),ŌĆØ Jenkins grinned. ŌĆ£I just wanted to see if I could equal my PR from last season. I didnŌĆÖt, but I came really close, and that makes me more confident.
ŌĆ£The fact I jumped 5-1 this time, I think thatŌĆÖs a good thing; I started to get on a roll last year after this meet, and ŌĆō at states ŌĆō I went all out and did great,ŌĆØ she added. ŌĆ£I remember being really happy because (at the state meet) I jumped 5-5 on my first attempt, and (eventual champion Dakota Dailey-Harris of La Salle) missed on hers.
ŌĆ£I thought, ŌĆśOh, my gosh! IŌĆÖm actually in first place!ŌĆÖŌĆØ she added.
Dailey-Harris, a senior, ended up with the title, but ŌĆō for Jenkins ŌĆō TuesdayŌĆÖs outing left her excited about her immediate future.
ŌĆ£This feels great! This is the first time IŌĆÖve ever won a championship,ŌĆØ she exclaimed. ŌĆ£I kind of expected to do well. At the (Rick Schomp Invitational in South Kingstown) on Saturday, I jumped 5-3 but came in second to (Woonsocket senior) K.K. Pitts. To win this, itŌĆÖs awesome. ItŌĆÖs a good time for this to happen. ItŌĆÖs only going to get me more ready for the class and state meets.ŌĆØ
Pitts would have been in line to capture two or three events at the very least, but she didnŌĆÖt compete as she suffered from flu-like symptoms. Still, she attended the meet and provided inspiration ŌĆō and some coaching ŌĆō to her teammates.
Thanks to its extreme depth, Smithfield bused home from Tucker Field with the team title with 149 points, 19.5 more than runner-up and host Cumberland (129.5). Ponaganset took third overall with 78.5, Lincoln fourth (68), Mount St. Charles fifth (62) and Woonsocket sixth (47).
The ClippersŌĆÖ senior throwing specialist Kendra Plant had aspirations of her own. Competing in all four events, she had been seeded first in the shot, second in the hammer and third in the discus, and found herself ranked third in the javelin after the preliminary round.
ŌĆ£I just want to have PRs in every event,ŌĆØ she stated while taking part in the spear finals. ŌĆ£That will help me gain confidence for states.ŌĆØ
Plant, who took second in the shot last June at the state meet with a heave of 35-8, snared the win in that specialty with a heave of 37-1, just three inches off her previous best. She, however, fell shy of her goals in the other three, placing third in the hammer (130-3) and the same in the javelin (88-2).
She failed to garner a top-three placement in the discus, though the Villa NovansŌĆÖ Victoria Cooper did, as she won it with a heave of 102-0. She also took runner-up laurels in the hammer (134-6), just an inch behind teammate and champion Cheyanne Nelle (134-7).
Mount St. Charles senior captains Rita Donohoe and Cassie Roberge fashioned forthemselves two individual golds, with Donohoe taking the 100 dash (13.0) and 300 intermediate hurdles (46.3), while Roberge snared the long jump (17-3 ┬Į) and triple jump (37-1 ┬╝).
Roberge also finished just behind Donohoe in the distance hurdles with a second-place time of 48.5.
Outside of Plant, the Clippers took advantage of several outstanding performances, among them freshman Amy LavertyŌĆÖs stellar ŌĆ£doubleŌĆØ in the 1,500 (5:03.3) and 3,000 (11:04.1). According to head coach Vanessa Molloy, both wins resulted in new freshman school marks.
In the latter race, BurrillvilleŌĆÖs Betsy Dumais took second and LincolnŌĆÖs Amanda LŌĆÖEsperance third.
Nicole Barger landed the 800 in 2:23.5, then led off the victorious 4 x 800 relay (which also consisted of Esther Kwara, Meaghan Scullin and Hannah Tavares). Barger joined Scullin (who previously had taken second in the 400 with another freshman record), Tavares and Ashley Bricault to snatch the 4 x 400 relay in 4:22.8.
Taylor Flaxington captured the pole vault (9-6) and Kristen Giarrusso the 200 (27.0) for the Lions.

subset: commoncrawl


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- Academic Philosophy
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Nishanta Rajakaruna
Nishanta Rajakaruna | email@example.com | website | (207) 801-5731
Nishanta "Nishi" Rajakaruna received his B.A. in Human Ecology from College of the Atlantic (1994). In 2008, he joined the Faculty at the Department of Biological Sciences at San José State University in California so as to pursue his research on California's plants. Nishi re-joined COA September 2010. Nishi's primary research interest is in understanding the role extreme edaphic (soil) conditions play in generating and maintaining plant diversity. He teaches Edible Botany, Ethnobotany, Trees and Shrubs of Mount Desert Island, Plant Taxonomy, Plant Evolutionary Processes, among other botany-related courses.
Nishi, originally from Sri Lanka, fell in love with plants fairly early in his life during a visit to Sri Lanka's Sinharaja Rainforest. He pursued his passion for plants under the supervision of the late Dr. Craig Greene, beloved botanist of COA. During his studies at COA he was able to return to the Sinharaja Rainforest and work for the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute as a field coordinator in establishing the first, long-term forest dynamics plot in the rainforest. Upon graduation he worked as a research assistant for the late Dr. Fakhri Bazzaz at the Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University. In 1995 he joined the Department of Botany, The University of British Columbia and received a M.Sc (1998) and a Ph.D. (2002) for his work on the evolutionary ecology of the Californian endemic annual plant Lasthenia californica (common goldfields of the sunflower family). Nishi's graduate research was supervised by Drs. Bruce Bohm, Jeannette Whitton, and Tony Glass. Nishi joined the laboratory of Dr. David Ackerly, Department of Biological Sciences, Stanford University (currently, at UC Berkeley) as a NSERC (Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council, Canada) postdoctoral fellow in 2003. His research focused on understanding community assembly patterns on serpentine chaparral in California. Nishi's recent research (2008-2010) on California's serpentine plants was funded by the National Science Foundation and the US Forest Service; he will continue to carry out research in California while holding an Adjunct Associate Professor position at San José State University (Fall 2010-onwards).
As faculty member in botany at COA (2004-2008; 2010-current), Nishi has supervised senior projects and independent studies on bryophytes, lichens, and higher plants growing on extreme substrates in Maine, leading to numerous undergraduate student-authored, peer-reviewed publications. Nishi is the co-editor of two key treatments on plant life on serpentine soils [Serpentine: Evolution and Ecology in a Model System (2011, UC Press) and Soil and Biota of Serpentine: A World View (2009, Humboldt Field Research Institute/Allen Press)] and a recent book titled Plant Ecology and Evolution in Harsh Environments (2014, Nova Science Publishers).
Nishi's student-co-authored publications and presentations are found here
Nishi's extra-curricular interests include cricket, badminton and running. He also enjoys travel, especially opportunities to explore good food and drinks from all corners of the world.
Courses Taught
ES1010Biology I
ES2016Edible BotanyIs the tomato a fruit or a vegetable? Why are potatoes modified stems and sweet potatoes modified roots? Did you know that the true fruits of the strawberry are the achenes (seed-like structures) embedded in the flesh of the strawberry? Why is the fruit of the peanut a legume and not a nut? This introductory botany course of edible plants is aimed at enhancing your understanding of and appreciation for the plant world. We will cover general plant anatomy and morphology focusing on plant organs such as leaves, stems, fruits, seeds, and roots we use as food and discuss the botany of plant families dominating the world of agriculture. Evaluations are based on class participation, weekly laboratory/field quizzes, and term project.
Level: Introductory/Intermediate. Prerequisite: An appreciation for the plants we eat. Recommended: A course in Biology. Offered every year. Class limit: 20. Lab fee: $50. Meets the following degree requirements: ES
ES3026EthnobotanyFrom the dawn of human history, plants have played an integral role in human societies across the world. The course is aimed at generating an appreciation for the myriad uses of plants by human societies, both past and present. We will explore the use of plants as food and beverages, raw materials, fuel, medicine and psychoactive drugs, spices and perfumes, genetic resources, and for religious and spiritual needs. The future ecological, economic, and social implications of our dependency on plants will also be discussed in light of current threats to plants and their native habitats, including threats to plant-human relations in traditional societies. The important roles played by human societies in maintaining floristic and associated cultural diversity will be a primary focus of readings and discussions. Evaluations will be based on class participation, involvement in class discussion, and a term project involving a half-hour oral presentation.
Level: Intermediate. Prerequisites: Signature of instructor or Edible Botany. Class limit: 16. Lab fee $40. Meets the following degree requirements: ES
ES478Evolutionary Processes in Plants
What is a species? What is the process by which species originate? Does the evolutionary process in plants differ from that of animals? What are the evolutionary consequences of being a plant? The course will address aspects of plant evolution including variation, natural selection, breeding systems, species and speciation, adaptive radiation, co-evolution, and systematics. Classic case studies of plant evolution will be used to examine the nature of the evolutionary process and introduce current hypotheses of plant evolution. The course is directed at students interested in evolutionary biology, plant ecology, and systematics. Evaluations are based on class participation, two oral presentations and term paper. Level: Intermediate/Advanced. Lab fee: $25. Prerequisites: Advanced course in Biology, Signature of the instructor. Class Limit: 8. *ES*
ES2028Landforms and VegetationThe course is directed at those interested in descriptive and applied research on taxonomic and ecological aspects of plants. Using field observations and experimental methods students will explore the influence of lithology (parent material), geomorphology (landforms, including topography), and land-use history on the composition and ecology of plant communities of Mount Desert Island and other settings in Maine. Lectures will cover a broad range of topics in geoecology, including plant-soil-microbe relations, plant ecology and evolution, plant ecophysiology, stressors influencing plant species and communities of the Northeast, and conservation and restoration. Students will learn the theory and practice of plant taxonomy and the nomenclature of over 150 species of vascular plants, including the morphological and ecological traits characterizing their families. As part of the evaluation, students are responsible for making a 25-specimen plant collection from one or more plant communities and providing a detailed description on the biotic and abiotic features characterizing the chosen plant-habitat association. Students will also be exposed to methods in plant ecology, including techniques in vegetation surveying and the collection of ecological data on below- and above-ground habitat features to better characterize plant-habitat associations. While students are encouraged to explore a range of habitats on and off the island, students working on plant-habitat associations in the Northeast Creek Watershed will be able to incorporate their plant-habitat data into the Watershed Database managed by COA's GIS Laboratory. Evaluations are based on a 25 specimen plant collection and report (30%), weekly field quizzes on plant taxonomy and ecology (30%), final project presentation on a plant community ecology topic (30%), and class participation (10%).
Level: Introductory/Intermediate. Prerequisites: Biology 2 and Critical Zone I or II. Other recommended courses include Wild Life Ecology and Management and Chemistry of Waters. Class Size: 20. Lab Fee: $60. Meets the following degree requirements: ES
ES540Plant Communities of the Americas
Plant communities consist of distinct assemblages of plant species which interact with each other as well as with other biotic and abiotic elements of their environment. Plant communities vary both spatially and temporally and are generally distinguishable by their overall appearance based on species present, as well as their size, abundance, distribution relative to one another, and species-interactions. The study of plant communities has contributed much to ecological and evolutionary theory and provided insight for conservation in light of climate change and other stressors impacting native plants and their communities in every region of the Americas. The course introduces you to the stunning geographic patterns of plant diversity across the Americas with respect to climatic, topographic, and edaphic gradients. We will explore major plant communities of the temperate, Mediterranean and tropical regions of the Americas, including grasslands, rock outcrops, deserts, chaparral, wetlands, boreal forests, and rainforests, focusing on key species which characterize these communities, their functional traits, and other aspects of their ecology. Readings will include topics on plant morphology and diversity, ecophysiology, population biology, community ecology, evolutionary ecology, and conservation. Evaluations are based on class participation, weekly readings and their presentation, and a final paper and its presentation. Offered every other year. Level: Intermediate/Advanced. Pre-requisite: Trees and Shrubs of MDI, Plant Morphology and Diversity, Plant Physiological Ecology, History of Life, Biogeography, or Ecology (at least one). Class limit: 20. Lab fee: $25. *ES*
ES558Plant Systematics
This course is aimed at those interested in exploring the taxonomy of non-woody plants of New England and learning the science of plant systematics. Lectures will cover aspects of taxonomy and topics of systematics, including botanical nomenclature, methods and principles of plant systematics, classification systems of flowering plants, recent advances in molecular systematics, plant mating systems, plant evolutionary processes, phylogenetic relationships of flowering plants, and herbarium specimen preparation and database management. Laboratories will introduce students to approximately 30 plant families of the region including species-rich families such as Asteraceae, Poaceae, and Cyperaceae. Students participate in this course for one academic year and receive one credit. This course will meet once a week, 3 hrs, in both Fall and Spring terms for lectures and labs. Students will be expected to commit to a week of collecting and preserving plant specimens with the instructor in the late Spring OR Summer prior to Fall, as well as independent work in Winter. Evaluations are based on the identification and preparation of 50 plant specimens belonging to at least 25 plant families and a 30-minute oral presentation of a final project. Level: Advanced. Pre-requisites: Trees and Shrubs of MDI and Plant Taxonomy OR Plant Communities of the Americas. Instructor permission required. Class limit: 10. Lab fee: $30.*ES*
ES5016Plant SystematicsThis course is aimed at those interested in exploring the taxonomy of non-woody plants of New England and learning the science of plant systematics. Lectures will cover aspects of taxonomy and topics of systematics, including botanical nomenclature, methods and principles of plant systematics, classification systems of flowering plants, advances in molecular systematics, plant evolutionary process, phylogenetic relationships of flowering plants, and specimen preparation and identification. Laboratories will introduce students to plant families of the region including species-rich families such as Asteraceae, Poaceae, and Cyperaceae. Evaluations are based on the identification and preparation of 50 plant specimens belonging to 25 plant families, 5 quizzes, and a 20-minute presentation of a final project.
Level: Advanced. Pre-requisites: ES 421 - Trees and Shrubs of Mount Desert Island or an intermediate/advanced course in Botany, Signature of Instructor. Class limit: 12. Lab fee: $40. Meets the following degree requirements: ES
ES4028Plants with MettleThe course deals with the biology and applied ecological aspects of a unique flora, the metallophytes. Metallophytes are plants that are tolerant of and restricted to areas that are high in heavy metals, either naturally or due to anthropogenic activities. We will discuss a wide range of topics relating to metallophytes including natural history, phytogeography, systematics, physiology, evolution, ecology, and how these plants may help us clean vast and growing areas of heavy metal contaminated sites found all over the world. You will become involved in research at two heavy metal-rich sites in Hancock County - nickel and chromium-rich on Deer Isle and the copper, zinc-rich Callahan Mine in Harborside, ME. Both sites offer excellent opportunities to examine the role extreme soil conditions play in generating and maintaining plant diversity as well as examine the potential for phytoremediation. The course is directed at students with interests in plants, their environment and green technologies. Evaluations are based on a mid-term exam, a group project, and a final class presentation.
Level: Intermediate/Advanced. Prerequisites: an intermediate or advanced course in botany or the consent of the instructor. Class limit: 15. Lab fee: $60. Meets the following degree requirements: ES
ES2014Trees and Shrubs of Mount Desert IslandThis course introduces you to the native and ornamental shrubs and trees of Mount Desert Island. Lectures will cover basics of plant taxonomy and forest ecology focusing on the dominant woody plant species of the region. Laboratory and field sessions will involve the identification of woody plants and an introduction to the major woody plant habitats of the island. The course is designed to teach botany and plant taxonomy for students interested in natural history/ecology, forestry, and landscape design. Evaluations are based on class participation, weekly field/lab quizzes, a plant collection, and term project.
Level: Introductory/Intermediate. Recommended: some background in Botany, Ecology. Offered every year. Class limit: 15. Lab fee: $40. Meets the following degree requirements: ES


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Spend Per Click Management methodology is created to assist clients accomplish their Search Engine Advertising objectives. Expert PPC bidding management services are customized individually for all the significant search engines, so as to comprehend that achievement in Spend Per Click [ PPC ] depends on applying search engine specific principles and techniques. PPC search engine impart full focus on all the main search engines. PPC management is an integral component of any paid search advertising effort. Becoming able to not only oversee, but also prioritize a number of critical PPC advertising tasks is important to the success of any spend campaign.PPC advertising by means of search forces the marketer to coordinate numerous elements, and to triage and assign resources to those which will provide the most strong company advantages.
Content web sites frequently charge a fixed cost per click rather than use a bidding method.
PPC show ads are shown on internet websites or search engine final results with associated content that have agreed to show ads. This approach differs from the "spend per impression" techniques employed in television and newspaper advertising. Sites that use PPC advertisements will display an advertisement when a keyword query matches an advertiser's keyword list, or when a content web site displays relevant content material.
Advertisers spend for each click they obtain, with the actual quantity paid based on the amount bid. It is frequent practice amongst auction hosts to charge a winning bidder just slightly more than the subsequent highest bidder or the actual quantity bid, whichever is decrease. This avoids scenarios where bidders are continuously adjusting their bids by very tiny amounts to see if they can nevertheless win the auction whilst paying just a tiny bit significantly less per click.


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Why do Sefardim start saying Sleichos earlier than Ashkinazim?
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Mi Yodeya is a question and answer site for those who base their lives on Jewish law and tradition and anyone interested in learning more. It's 100% free, no registration required.
The simple answer is because Shulhan Arukh 581:1 and the Arizal Sha'ar HaKavvanot 89d, Pri Etz Haim 128b(see also Likutei Torah 106b, Shaar Ruah HaKodesh 48a and Shaar HPesukim 41a) say so. For a more thorough answer according to halakha and Kabbalah see Divrei Shalom with perush Ner Shalom by R' Shalom Afjin(unfortunately not online). He essentially details the custom back to the time of the Geonim. It is a good amount of Pilpul as there were Geonim both for and against and the same with the Rishonim.


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- Independent
- The Enterprise
- The Recorder
Several schools in Charles County are without power. Generators are working to provide emergency power to those schools.
School officials said Monday that the schools without power include La Plata High School, Mary H. Matula Elementary School, the F.B. Gwynn Center and others in various parts of the county.
School system spokeswoman Katie O'Malley-Simpson said school officials are getting scattered reports of schools without power. Generators at the schools are running and staff are working on plans to get lunches to schools without power.
O'Malley-Simpson said classes are combining in rooms that are well-lit due to natural light and emergency lights.
The Jesse L. Starkey Administration Building, the schools system's central office, including the two annexes and the maintenance shop, was without power for a few hours.
O'Malley-Simpson said the generator at the Starkey building failed this morning but by 11 a.m. SMECO officials said power to that building was restored.
Due to the lack of power, the school system's website is offline.
Anytime a school is without power, even with generators working, some concerns in addition to feeding students lunch include access to water and the amount of light the schools have, O'malley-Simpson said.
She said this is an evolving situation and more information will come out as it becomes available.
The Southern Maryland Electric Cooperative is working to correct the problems.
SMECO spokesman Tom Dennison said there are about 5,100 customers without power in Charles County, mostly on the western side of the county.
The outages are widely due to trees falling on power lines.
He said there are 44 SMECO crews out working on the outages including six contracted crews and 10 Pennline tree cutters, nearly 200 personnel in total.
He said more than 10 feeder lines have been restored already today but what seems to happen, he said, is that once one is restored, another goes out.
He said SMECO will continue to work through the day and into the night to get power restored to customers.


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All Fabric By The Yard
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New Arrivals Inc Fabric - Fluffy Cream by New Arrivals Inc.
The perfect solution to adding cohesion to your baby nursery or kids room--fabric by the yard! New Arrivals Inc offers all of the fabrics used in their gorgeous bedding sets, plus many more! This amazing collection is hand picked by the New Arrivals designer, Tori Swaim, to ensure that your child's room will be nothing short of the best. Coordinate children's fabrics for your window treatments, crib bedding, cradle bedding or other decorative accessories for your child's room or baby nursery! If you need help picking coordinating colors and patterns or have any questions about the size, type, pattern, weight, or feel of a fabric, we are happy to help! This fabric is cut especially for you and may not be returned once your order has been processed.
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Gently heat the cumin, garlic, olive oil, orange juice and hot sauce together simmering for a few minutes then serve as a dipping sauce.
Note: Yields 1 cup.
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We offer fresh cut bank instrument for lease/sale, such as BG, SBLC, MTN, Bank Bonds, Bank Draft, T strips and others. Leased Instruments can be obtained at minimal expense to the borrower compared to other banking options. This offer is opened to both those and corporate bodies. Description of Instrument: 1.Instrument: Bank Guarantee (BG)/SBLC 2.Total Face Value: MINIMUM 1MILLION EURO/USD - MAXIMUM 100BILLION EURO/USD 3.Issuing Bank: HSBC London or AA rated Bank in Western Europe or USA. 4.Term: One Year, One Month 5.Leasing Price: 5% of Face Value plus 0.5% Lessor agent [Closed] & X% Lessee agent (open) 6.Style of speaking: SWIFT TO SWIFT 7.Payment: WIRE TRANSFER 8.Hard Copy: Bonded Courier surrounded by 7 We are RWA ready to close leasing with any interested client in few banking days, if interested do not hesitate to contact us via banking days Our BG/SBLC Financing can help you get your project funded, loan financing by providing you with yearly renewable leased bank instruments. We work directly with issuing bank lease providers, this Instrument can be monetized on your behalf for 100% funding: For further details contact us with the below information. Contact : Khan.kamal Email:firstname.lastname@example.com Skype ID: kamal.lease Intermediaries/Consultants/Brokers are welcome to bring their clients are 100% protected. In complete confidence, we will work together for the benefits of all parties involved.
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Natural Medicine
Natural health tips from faculty and practitioners at Bastyr University and Bastyr Center for Natural Health, pioneers in natural medicine.
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Clean Dishes, Cleaner Environment: Best Choices for Dishwasher Detergents
If you can't find a dishwashing detergent that's tough on your dishes yet gentle on the environment, you can try our recipe for Homemade Dishwasher Detergent. [Read More]


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Radford University has appointed Ebenezer Kolajo to the position of assistant vice provost for academic assessment. He will begin work on Jan. 7, 2013.
"I'm extremely pleased to welcome Dr. Kolajo to the Office of the Provost," RU Provost Sam Minner said. "He brings with him a depth of experience, knowledge and understanding that will well serve our office and all of Radford University. Dr. Kolajo will lead our efforts to effectively and efficiently assess our academic programs. He will join Ms. Bethany Bodo on our academic assessment team."
Kolajo has more than 20 years of experience in higher education as an administrator and educator. Before joining Radford, he had served since 2008 as director of institutional research and planning at the University of West Georgia in Carrollton.
At West Georgia, Kolajo worked with university administrators toward maintaining a data-driven environment for planning and decision making while also providing support for institutional assessment to ensure effective performance and public accountability.


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Milwaukee, WI (Sports Network) - Zack Greinke struck out 12 over seven scoreless innings and Taylor Green added a pinch-hit, three-run homer as Milwaukee downed Chicago, 8-0, in the second of three between the teams at Miller Park.
Greinke (7-2) allowed only two hits and a pair of walks to win for the fourth time in five starts.
"He was a little off in that one inning, but he had great command of the fastball and cutter, it was all working for him today," said Brewers manager Ron Roenicke. "He has great confidence whenever he takes the mound here, and knows he'll throw the ball well. Whenever he feels like that, it means he throws all his pitches with confidence."
Brooks Conrad drove in two, while Norichika Aoki finished 3-for-4 with two doubles and two runs scored for the Brewers, who had dropped three of four, including Tuesday's series opener.
Paul Maholm (4-5) was dented for six hits and four runs over just four full frames for the Cubs, who have lost five of their last six.
The Brewers finally dented Maholm in the fourth, scoring four times on RBI doubles from Ryan Braun and Cody Ransom followed by a two-run hit from Conrad.
"With Braun I went to the well too many times. I went from cruising to battling, to missing some pitches, and that's when they really put the ball in play," lamented Maholm. "I didn't want to come out that early."
In the home fifth, Aoki doubled and moved to third when Cubs right fielder David DeJesus committed a fielding gaffe. He scored three batters later on a Corey Hart fly to right for a 5-0 game.
Milwaukee erased all doubt for a Chicago comeback in its final at-bat against Carlos Marmol. Edwin Maysonet and Martin Maldonado singled then Green launched a pinch-hit, three-run blast -- the first round-tripper in his career.
"It was a pretty incredible thing. I'd been waiting for a little while to get it. The guys had been getting on me a bit," Greene admitted.
Meanwhile, Greinke allowed a leadoff double to Alfonso Soriano in the second and a double to Starlin Castro in the next frame.
The Chicago second saw the bases loaded with two outs, but Maholm fanned looking to end the threat. The Cubs went down in order in the first, fourth, sixth and seventh innings against the Milwaukee starter.
Jose Veras and Juan Perez finished off the shutout with consecutive scoreless frames.
Greinke extended his streak at Miller Park to 15 straight positive decisions...Wednesday also marked the 16th time in Greinke's career he has fanned at least 10 batters in one start...Prior to the game, the Cubs selected the contract of pitcher Manny Corpas and placed pitcher Blake Parker on the 60-day disabled list.


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2015 USO Spring Troop Visit - Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Tour
USO Performance Part of a String of Firsts for "Nashville" Co-Star Clare Bowen
Bruce Willis Sends a USO Holiday Message To Troops
USO, Universal Host Troops at Unbroken Premiere
Dempsey and Celebrities Entertain Troops Around the World on USO Chairman's Holiday Tour
Lederer Brings His Band of Card Sharks to USO Tour
Sep 13 - 16, 2015
Sep 11, 2015
United Kingdom and Germany
Nov 18, 2015
Fort Hood, TX
Persian Gulf
Sep 5 - 8, 2015
Mainland Japan & Okinawa
Want to Join the USO Tour?
Since the USO's inception, thousands of celebrities have boosted the morale of troops.
USO P.O. Box 96860 Washington, DC 20077-7677 Phone: 1-888-484-3876
© 2015 USO, Inc. All Rights Reserved.


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Back-to-Back Super Bowl Championships - what a way to cap a career! Future Hall-of-Famer John Elway took a 15-year career of near-misses into Super Bowl XXXII, but after Super Bowl XXXIII in Miami was over, he was clearly crowned as one of the greatest of all-time. Up 7-3 over the NFC Champion Atlanta Falcons in the second quarter of what looked like it was going to be a tight game, Big John began to take control. Elway had the ball on the Falcons' 44. With his image beamed large on the endzone video screens, he calls the signals and gets ready to start the next play. SNAP! The moment is preserved for all time, and now available for your wall!
With this poster, you are transported to that glorious day at Miami's Pro Player Stadium. Like all prints in photographer Rob Arra's Everlasting Images series, every single detail is in perfect focus, and as you pan across the image you feel like you are actually there! You can see the scoreboards, the banners that decorated the stadium for the big game, the action on the field, even the moon overhead. This limited edition panorama is a sharp piece that deserves a nice frame and a prominent place on the wall of any Broncos fan!
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Reese Witherspoon graces the cover of the June issue of British magazine Red, dishing about her career, ambition, and her non-stop life as a mom of three. And, while the actress has remained relatively mum about her youngest son Tennessee, in the interview -- which took place before her arrest -- she opens up about life since giving birth to him last September, admitting that he actually "stole" a very important part of her.
"Ever since I had the baby, I can't remember anything," she confessed. "Serious, this child stole my brain. I'm losing friendships over forgetting to get back to people."
The 37-year-old has Tennessee with husband Jim Toth, as well as Ava, 13, and Deacon,9, with ex-husband Ryan Phillippe. With a booming career and a scheduled court appearance for May 22 regarding her arrest for disorderly conduct in Atlanta on April 19, the "Mud" actress admits that her kids are still always on her mind. "It's like CNN ticker tape running through my mind at all times," she said.
Check out the video to see what else the Oscar winner had to say about her most important role as a mommy.
More Celebrity Features on Yahoo!:
- Reese Witherspoon Leaves Legal Problems Behind on Red Carpet
- How Should Reese Witherspoon Go About Rehabbing Her Image?
- Ryan Phillippe Keeps His and Reese Witherspoon's Kids Distracted in L.A. Following Arrest
- Celebrities
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- Reese Witherspoon
- Ryan Phillippe
- Tennessee


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"iPhone case"
By Janelle
Comments: I own an iPhone and I love decorating it with a different case. So, I found this one and uploaded a pic of my daughter and I for the background. I really liked how it came out. Will order a different case next time.


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By: Bob Tarzey, Service Director, Quocirca
Published: 15th October 2013
Copyright Quocirca © 2013
Recent Quocirca research shows that mid-market organisations face a conundrum when it comes to sourcing IT services. They realise, and mostly accept, that their organisations are not a priority for large system integrators. However, generally speaking they are more likely to find a better outsourcing experience if they do manage to engage with a large SI. The challenge is to find smaller IT service providers, with a mid-market focus, that can deliver best-in-class service levels.
The research report, called the "Mid-market conundrum", covered businesses with between 500 and 5,000 employees across a range of business sectors. It was sponsored by Attenda and is freely available at this link. The report shows the degree to which the UK mid-market relies on outsourcing. Most organisations are more likely to outsource a given application than they were two years ago, especially utility services such as email, voice and conferencing; it is also seen as the best way for many to achieve business continuity goals.
Through doing so, mid-market organisations largely expect to procure the same service levels as their enterprise counterparts; this being true even for the smallest of organisations. In other words, second best is no longer good enough, the mid-market believes it should, and can, achieve access to best-in-class IT applications by seeking the right IT service providers.
The drivers behind this are made clear by the new research:
Most say that the resources they have available are not enough to support the demands placed on them; and that too much time is spent fire-fighting, for example, dealing with unexpected IT problems and compliance issues. Such distractions mean the most neglected areas are discussing IT requirements with the business, and planning innovation.
The area where mid-market organisations are most likely to say the time spent is "about right" is working with IT service providers. In other words, the ideal is to off-load more of the mundane stuff to those with the skills to do it and in doing so, try to free more time to build value through IT for the business.
To achieve this, most say they must find the time and resources to focus on four key areas of innovation within IT:
Those mid-market organisations likely to achieve the most success will be those that find the right partners to ensure they maximise the benefits in all areas of IT deployment and deliver reliable applications for both external users and employees. Few expect to find one IT service provider that will deliver all their application needs; the average number of partners worked with in 2013 has increased compared to two years ago.
Long term success will be found with IT service providers that have the necessary focus and experience. Mid-market buyers should look for proven ability to deliver guaranteed service levels for a given application; be it utility or bespoke. They should seek providers that focus on the partnership more than the contract and see the relationship as a long term investment. Find this Holy Grail and you may achieve something which only a select few report: a better than expected experience.
Not many IT service providers stand out in a frothy market. Most mid-market buyers complain that it is hard to tell the difference between one provider and another during the procurement process. Once engaged, those mid-market organisations who say their providers focus on partnership are more likely to report a better than expected experience, but only marginally so.
Still, it is clear from the new research where the mid-market expects the focus on service providers to be. Primarily, it must be on ensuring the efficient use of IT resources whilst keeping costs under control; after this come delivering business outcomes and the ability to provide supplementary on-demand resources.
Where the partnership between a mid-market organisation and IT service provider is a success, the net result is that both raise their game. The mid-market organisation will have better, more reliable applications and therefore provide better service levels to all its users; and through demonstrating success, the IT service provider will find it easier to win new contracts and grow its business: a win-win scenario for the select few that can find it.
Quocirca's report, "The mid-market conundrum" is freely available at this link: http://www.quocirca.com/reports/856/the-mid-market-conundrum
We automatically stop accepting comments 180 days after a post is published. If you would like to know more about this subject, please contact us and we'll try to help.
Published by: electronicdawn Ltd.


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Gallery: Harvest City: Floating Islands to Bring Agriculture and Indust...
Harvest City would be a place for Haitians to live and start their lives again, but it would also be a place for agriculture and jobs to thrive. Two thirds of the city would be dedicated to farming and one third to light industry. The city would be composed of a collection of tethered, floating modules that span a diameter of 2 miles. Divided into four zones interconnected by a linear canal system, neighborhoods would be made up of four story housing complexes. The outer perimeter of the city would be composed of crop circles with secondary feeder canals, while the city center with schools, offices, and public space would be located in the inner harbor area.
The floating islands of Harvest City will be secured to the sea bed by a cable and were designed to weather hurricanes and typhoons. A low profile, low draft dead weight capacity and perimeter wave attenuators are some factors that Schopfer incorporated into the city to ensure it would be safe from storms. A breakwater using the concrete rubble debris from the earthquake would also be constructed to add to the city's stability.
In addition to being a new beginning for the people of Haiti, it is Schopfer's hope that Harvest City will be established as a "charter city" to be used as an example of a new and advanced economic model specifically developed for struggling nations.
Via evolo
9 Comments
January 7, 2011 at 1:08 pm
I wonder why all this apparent interest to the land of Haiti. Is there somethig that all these thinkers know that the Haitian people are not informed about. Haiti must still be a pearl. Assuming that all these reconstruction dreams materialized how will the Haitian people actually benefit. Will all these goodies be out of their reach?
January 3, 2011 at 4:17 pm
I agree with all of those comments. Addressing the current issues and creating a socially sustainable society is the most pressing issue. A development like the one proposed above is just not economically viable.
It would make a good submission to the Holcim Awards for Sustainable Construction though… Submit your creative ideas today! http://on.fb.me/holcim-awards
January 1, 2011 at 4:51 pm
This notion of utopia needs to end. A city on water for 30,000 when there are millions on land that have been displaced and still live in squalor after the earth quake. this is very impractical
December 30, 2010 at 1:34 pm
Seamushdub, I could not agree more. Agriculture could get a better boost by putting a tax on cheap imported rice from foreign countries and use that money to support rice-farmers who once were able to feed Haitian population. Before they were forced out of business due to cheap imported rice, that is.
Furthermore, where would the investment for that floating project come from? Real-estate developers seeking opportunities to make money? I find that unlikely, as goes for international financial aid.
December 30, 2010 at 1:06 pm
All nice and dandy.
Regardless of all the nice fancy tech involved to prevent issues, having lived in hurricane areas this is just asking for punishment.
But I digress there is really no need for this. What happened in Haiti was mainly due to the lack of or poor government standards. Mainly in building code and safety. Then there's the issue of the use of the local agriculture. There is PLENTY of viable land for PROPER agricultural use.
And in all due honesty while all this advancement in technology and suggestions for a future of Haiti since the destruction do nothing to solve the political and societal problems that caused it to be a catastrophe to begin with.


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Chivda is made from Poha/ pressed rice. These are easily available in any of the Indian grocery stores. These are available in two forms, Thick and Thin/Nylon Poha. This poha is seasoned with cumin seeds, curry leaves, chilies and turmeric. A dash of sugar adds the li'll sweet-ish after taste. To get the crunchy , nutty taste addition of peanuts, cashew if you like and some roasted dal adds the required flavor. This snack can also be made with thick Poha, but it has to be deep fried. Its not healthy and its mess to make it too that is why I stay with thin/nylon poha.
Let's check the recipe.
Chivda/ Chivdo ( in konkani)
4 cups Thin Poha
1.5 Tbl spn jeera
1 cup mixed nuts
1/2 cup daalia or phutaNe
1.5 t spn turmeric powder
7-10 chilies ( adjust as per your taste)
a few curry leaves
2 tbl spn sugar
salt as per taste
7 tbl spns of oil
Heat oil in a Kadhai. Add the poha and stir it in for about 4 mins, keep aside. In the same kadhai add a tbl spn of oil and fry peanuts and cashews. Keep along with the toasted poha. Add the remaining oil in the kadhai, when it is hot add cumin seeds, asafoedita, curry leaves, chilies and turmeric. Now add the fried nuts, and stir well. Add in the poha and stir till poha is well coated with the tempering. Add salt and sugar and stir but NOT very hard or vigorously.
Let this cool, then store it in a Jar.


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Drug-induced hypoglycemia is low blood sugar that results from medication.
All of the following can cause blood sugar (glucose) levels to drop:
Even when diabetes is managed very carefully, the medications used to treat diabetes can result in drug-induced hypoglycemia. The condition may also occur when someone without diabetes takes a medicine used to treat diabetes. In rare cases, non-diabetes-related medicines may cause hypoglycemia.
Medications that can cause drug-induced hypoglycemia include:
Symptoms of long-term (chronic) hypoglycemia can include:
A blood test will show a glucose level of less than 70 mg/dL.
In cases where people without diabetes have taken drugs for the condition, blood tests may show a high insulin level and low C-peptide level. The urine may test positive for sulfonylureas.
You will be given glucose. The doctor will review your diabetes treatment plan to help prevent future problems.
The outlook is good if the hypoglycemia is promptly detected and treated. However, long-term and repeated episodes of hypoglycemia may damage the brain and nerves.
Complications of severe or long-term hypoglycemia include:
Call your health care provider if you have symptoms of hypoglycemia. Be sure to mention any medications you believe may be affecting the condition.
For people with diabetes, strict control of blood sugar is important. This can be done with:
Discuss any planned changes in diet, exercise, travel, weight, or routine with your health care provider. Your treatment plan may be adjusted ahead of time to prevent hypoglycemia.
Guettier JM. Hypoglycemia. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. Dec 2006; 35(4): 753-66, viii-ix.
Goldman L, Ausiello D. Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 22nd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: WB Saunders; 2004:1444-1445.
Cryer, PE. Glucose Homeostasis and Hypoglycemia. In: Kronenberg HM, Melmed S, Polonsky KS, Larsen PR, eds. Williams Textbook of Endocrinology. 11th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier;2008:chap 33.
A.D.A.M., Inc. is accredited by URAC, also known as the American Accreditation HealthCare Commission (www.urac.org). URAC's accreditation program is an independent audit to verify that A.D.A.M. follows rigorous standards of quality and accountability. A.D.A.M. is among the first to achieve this important distinction for online health information and services. Learn more about A.D.A.M.'s editorial policy, editorial process and privacy policy. A.D.A.M. is also a founding member of Hi-Ethics and subscribes to the principles of the Health on the Net Foundation (www.hon.ch).
The information provided herein should not be used during any medical emergency or for the diagnosis or treatment of any medical condition. A licensed physician should be consulted for diagnosis and treatment of any and all medical conditions. Call 911 for all medical emergencies. Links to other sites are provided for information only - they do not constitute endorsements of those other sites. Copyright 2009 A.D.A.M., Inc. Any duplication or distribution of the information contained herein is strictly prohibited.
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We were fortunate to chat with Aubrie Pagano, the founder and CEO of Bow & Drape:
FC: Do you find you are more popular through this customizable option or through your actual collections?
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While "Breathless" is still a film we have to check out, we are constantly reminded about the clothes Jean Seberg wears.
|1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
Spring has pretty much sprung, and we're so happy to see greenery and flowers again.
|1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8
Perhaps it's all the Coachella watching we did this weekend or the fact that the sun stuck around this weekend, but we are definitely in a sunny mood lately.
That means we need sunglasses.
Instead of looking for a few colorful or trendy pair to wear, we want to go for classics. When we think of sunglasses, there are a few shades that always stand out.
Here are out top five:
1. Ray-Ban Wayfarers
These glasses have been manufactured since 1956, and though they were less popular in the '70s, the glasses continue to be worn today. These pair are one of the best selling in history.
2. Chanel Half-Tints
From the Spring 2007 collection, these sunglasses have been seen on Mary-Kate Olsen and Nicole Richie. While, they may not be what everything considers classic, these pair have a spot on this list sheerly because of the number of duplicates we have seen. Plus, we still see half-tinted sunglasses nowadays.
Though Coachella is definitely one of those events I would like to see live one day, I am infinitely grateful for YouTube. I may not be able to check out all the acts I'd like to see, but it's free and I'm much more comfortable than the attendees.
I was also very happy that there was a replay the next day because I ended up falling asleep earlier than I would have liked. Still, I missed some acts, which I'll definitely have to check out later, but here are my impressions on some of the performances I saw over the three days:
1. Of Monsters and Men
|Not Moby, who I couldn't find a great picture of, but Dean Pelton.
It's sunny out, Coachella is right around the corner and your ears deserve some fun music:
Animated series and movies have a special place in our lives.
While we anxiously await the release of "Monsters University," we couldn't help but think of other cartoons we can't get enough of.
"The Legend of Korra"
Though we're all about bright colors at any time of the year, spring tends to bring some of the best prints.
Our cover girl helped us kick off this month with a Milly dress, which was a great mix of print and bold color. And though that was one of our favorite things, she was also attired in a short dress and strappy heels. It's finally time to shed some layers! We've had enough of pants and tights and bulky jackets. It's time for some springtime dresses.
No matter your color preference, style or occasion, here are nine outfits to inspire you for spring:
Whether it's a dark shade or something pastel, blue is a great color for spring. Look for super bright tones for something happy or something bordering on purple to ease you into the season.
From left to right: Missoni dress, Loeffler Randall bag and Acne bootie; Victoria Beckham dress, Burak Uyan heels, Linda Farrow for the Row sunglasses; MaxMara Studios dress, Barneys New York heels
What is spring without flowers? Year after year, florals are in for spring. Mix up your wardrobe by looking to prints of different sizes.
From left to right: Cacharel dress, Aldo shoes, Marc by Marc Jacobs purse; Valentino dress, Chrisitan Louboutin heels; Jil Sander Navy dress, Alexander Wang heels, 3.1 Phillip Lim purse
If you love black, there's no reason for you to stop wearing it once spring arrives. Instead, look for fun patterns, high hems and something with a bit of pizazz.
From left to right: Stella McCartney dress, Badgley Mischka heels, Givenchy clutch; Mary Katrantzou dress, Pierre Hardy flats, Rebecca Minkoff purse; Commes de Garçons dress, Alexander Wang heels
"Begin today. Declare out loud to the universe that you are willing to let go of struggle and eager to learn through joy."
-Sarah Ban Breathnach
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Most prostate cancers need supplies of the male hormone testosterone to grow. Testosterone is an androgen (hormone) produced by the testes and adrenal glands. The production of testosterone can be stopped by surgically removing the testicles or through medication therapy. Anti-androgen medications (also called nonsteroidal anti-androgens) work by blocking testosterone receptors on the prostate cells, and therefore preventing testosterone from attaching to the receptors on the surface of the prostate cancer cells. Without testosterone, the cancer cells may either grow more slowly, or stop growing altogether.
Enzalutamide is given as a capsule, taken once a day, preferably at the same time each day. Take the capsule whole, do not break, open, dissolve or chew them.
The blood levels of this medication can be affected by certain foods and medications, so they should be avoided. These include: grapefruit, grapefruit juice, dexamethasone, ketoconazole, rifampin, phenytoin, St. John's wort, and modafanil. Be sure to tell your healthcare provider about all medications and supplements you take.
There are a number of things you can do to manage the side effects of Enzalutamide. Talk to your doctor or nurse about these recommendations. They can help you decide what will work best for you. These are some of the most common side effects:
In clinical trials, some patients experienced a seizure. You should avoid activities where a sudden loss of consciousness could cause serious harm to you or others. Contact your oncology team right away if you experience a seizure.
Most men find that hot flashes decrease after a period of time on the medication. There are a few things you can do to help with hot flashes. Several medications have been studied, including some low doses of antidepressants (such as venlafaxine and Paxil), and certain hormone therapies (medroxyprogesterone acetate and cyproterone acetate). Non-medical recommendations include: keeping well-hydrated with eight glasses of water daily, wearing all-natural fiber clothes, dressing in layers, exercising on a regular basis (generally walking exercise is best), practicing relaxation exercises, and avoiding triggers such as warm rooms, spicy foods, caffeinated beverages, nicotine and alcohol.
White blood cells (WBC) are important for fighting infection. While receiving treatment, your WBC count can drop, putting you at a higher risk of getting an infection. You should let your doctor or nurse know right away if you have a fever (temperature greater than 100.4 F), sore throat or cold, shortness of breath, cough, burning with urination, or a sore that doesn't heal.
Tips to preventing infection:
For more suggestions, read the Neutropenia Tip Sheet.
Your oncology team can recommend medications to relieve diarrhea. Also, try eating low-fiber, bland foods, such as white rice and boiled or baked chicken. Avoid raw fruits, vegetables, whole grain breads, cereals and seeds. Soluble fiber is found in some foods that absorbs fluid and can help relieve diarrhea. Foods high in soluble fiber include: applesauce, bananas (ripe), canned fruit, orange sections, boiled potatoes, white rice and products made with white flour, oatmeal, cream of rice, cream of wheat, and farina. Drink 8-10 glasses on non-alcoholic, un-caffeinated fluid a day to prevent dehydration. Read Low Fiber Diet for Diarrhea for more tips.
While on cancer treatment you may need to adjust your schedule to manage fatigue. Plan times to rest during the day and conserve energy for more important activities. Exercise can help combat fatigue; a simple daily walk with a friend can help. Talk to your healthcare team and see OncoLink's section on fatigue for helpful tips on dealing with this side effect.
Your doctor or nurse can recommend medication and other strategies to relive pain. Also view OncoLink's page on pain management.
This medication may be harmful to a developing fetus. Men should use a condom if having intercourse with a pregnant woman. Effective birth control should be used if having intercourse with a woman of child-bearing potential during treatment and for 3 months after treatment with enzalutamide.
This medication may cause dizziness, weakness, confusion and falls. Additional side effects include: swelling in the feet and ankles and high blood pressure.


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Remote Control Toys & Play Toy CarsRev up your engines with these awesome play toy cars & remote control toys! Pick up the speed on tracks or show off your stripes with a miniature version of a fast car. Let a kid have his or her imagination run wild with our selection of play cars & trucks.
Shop by brand of play toy car or look through remote control toys. For your exhilarating experience, enjoy our assortment of remote control toys, play toy cars, trucks & more at Boscov�s Department Store!


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Own a rare reprint of a classic Canadian Pacific travel poster! Reproduced from the CP archives by a French publisher to great effect, the original art was printed in 1936 to promote the White Empress cruise liners that brought thousands across the Pacific ocean to ports of call in the Far East. Featuring classic Art Deco artwork and styling, this brings you back to the golden era of the great ocean liners, setting the giant ship at a Chinese port of call as the native residents look on in awe. Amazing vintage poster - perfect for the wall of any lover of ocean liners, Canadian transportation, and beautiful style! Note: this poster is now out-of-print; limited quantity remains in our warehouse.
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Moderator: ADGO BOD
keith johnson wrote:If you are paying out Armatures 100%, are you also paying out Rotors and Stators?
Sorry Wayne - but 25 years in the aircraft generator business and I couldn't pass it up.
coreyml wrote:Layout?
craigd wrote:5) Audrey Arnson
mrpbody33 wrote:craigd wrote:5) Audrey Arnson
coreyml wrote:Layout?
craigd wrote:mrpbody33 wrote:craigd wrote:5) Audrey Arnson
The "new" future world champion, 57720!!!
craigd wrote:coreyml wrote:Layout?
According to Wayne...
Advanced and up will play gold to gold. Intermediate and under will play gold to gold except the par 4's where they will play to the silver baskets on those holes (3,4,5,6,7)
wkiddle wrote:Nov. rec and int. are playing gold pads to gold baskets on 1,2,12,14,15,16,17 and to the silver baskets on 3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,13,18 for par 54 both rounds. Everyone else play gold to gold both rounds. Cards will be clearly marked (the gold pads are all concrete)
Corndawg13 wrote:This still accurate?
Saturday, May 25, 2013
8:00am- 9:30am Player Registration
9:45am- 10:00am Players Meeting
10:00am T-time
Cha Ching wrote:Scores are up
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The Community of Disc Golfers and About All Things Disc Golf
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The Expendables (R)
Eat Pray Love (PG-13)
En español | So, what'll it be: a shot of testosterone or an overdose of estrogen? In The Expendables, Sylvester Stallone, all eyes and lips, darts from shadow to shadow, automatic weapon in hand, in search of a villain (and any villain will do) to blow to smithereens.
In Eat Pray Love, Julia Roberts, all eyes and lips, flounces her way around the globe, fork in hand, in search of her middle-aged self. He's coming to terms with a lifetime of mercenary violence. She's questioning everything she's ever believed. He finds wisdom from a burned-out tattoo artist. She encounters a thoughtful old fella who helps put it all into focus. He discovers the woman of his dreams on an exotic Caribbean island. She roams all the way to Bali before she finds her soul mate.
In short, The Expendables and Eat Pray Love are the very same movie. Up to a point.
"Mayhem" would be the word to describe the spirit of The Expendables in the same way "dust-up" would be the word to describe the Second World War. For there is so much carnage, so very much grotesque disfigurement, so incredibly much destruction in any given five minutes of The Expendables that by the film's end I would have been unsurprised to find, in the place of chewed bubble gum, human entrails on the theater floor.
The Expendables delivers precisely what it promises, which is to say the cinematic equivalent of a rocket-fuel-laden tanker truck plowing into the mixing room of a nitroglycerine factory. Stallone, who I've always felt is underrated as a bread-and-butter filmmaker, propels his story smartly from one überviolent set piece to another. Shotgunned bodies bisect with alarming ease, severed limbs fly like shrimp at Benihana, fireballs erupt as if the very gates of Hell have been cracked open.
We're not too many steps here beyond the stylized grotesqueries of Quentin Tarantino's Kill Bill movies, and Stallone does a nice job of approximating QT's winking acknowledgement that it's all a bit too much, isn't it? The only real acting here comes from a wonderful Mickey Rourke as a pipe-smoking tattoo artist and former member of Stallone's crew. The film comes to a screeching halt for his remarkable monologue about regret and redemption. At its end, Stallone, now convinced he must act on a humanitarian impulse rather than a mercenary one, backs silently, respectfully from the room. It's a nice coda to a small gem of a scene.
But really, excess is what The Expendables is all about. I would guess the body-count numbers in the hundreds, and they all die, one at a time, at the hands of a who's who of action stars both old and new: Jet Li, Dolph Lundgren, Transporter star Jason Statham, and Everybody Hates Chris costar Terry Crews, who has the best character name of all: "Hale Caesar." Much has been made of the cameo appearances of Bruce Willis and Arnold Schwarzenegger: Their short scene together at the film's start is a priceless piece of film history, a summit meeting of the past 30 years' biggest action stars, each of whom rewrote the genre in his own way. It lasts but a moment, and the editing makes it appear the three might never have actually been on the same set at the same time; but it is electric nonetheless, a classy appetizer before Stallone plops down in front of us his bloody, raw main course.


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Welcome to Oceanic Landing Page
Oceanic Landing Page is a premium landing page design for any kind of app or download product – even just a service – your choice! With multiple sections available, plus a tabbed area for a huge amount of information if required, this template takes good use of the Z Reading pattern to guide the eye around the design and ultimately convert your visitors in to buyers. Ready for hook-up to your backend system a fully styled capture form for the download page style plus the alternative Buy Now version offer you a choice on use this landing page design.
Template Features:
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- 6 Quick Edit Fully Layered Photoshop Files for items such as logo, iPhone, CTA, buttons, etc
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I went to the Taipei Computer Applications Show 2011 today and bought a Sony Ericsson Xperia Mini Pro from the Sony Ericsson booth there. However, the specs don't seem to match the one on GSM Arena for Xperia X10 at all. Mine shows Android version as 2.3 Gingerbread, a 1 GHz processor, and an HVGA display instead. Is this a legit version or have I just bought a very sophisticated brick?
Take the 2-minute tour ×
Android Enthusiasts Stack Exchange is a question and answer site for enthusiasts and power users of the Android operating system. It's 100% free, no registration required.
The Xperia Mini Pro and the Xperia X10 Mini Pro are actually different phones. Confusing, I know. The former appears to be a "refreshed" version of the latter with your specs.


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Political analysts at National Journal Hotline predict which senators will face the toughest bids for reelection in 2012, some from primary challengers. We matched those teetering incumbents with their 2010 voting records and found that most are in the moderate wing of their respective parties.
This article appears in the February 26, 2011 edition of National Journal Magazine.


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Australian Convict Sites
Australian Convict Sites
The property includes a selection of eleven penal sites, among the thousands established by the British Empire on Australian soil in the 18th and 19th centuries. The sites are spread across Australia, from Fremantle in Western Australia to Kingston and Arthur's Vale on Norfolk Island in the east; and from areas around Sydney in New South Wales in the north, to sites located in Tasmania in the south. Around 166,000 men, women and children were sent to Australia over 80 years between 1787 and 1868, condemned by British justice to transportation to the convict colonies. Each of the sites had a specific purpose, in terms both of punitive imprisonment and of rehabilitation through forced labour to help build the colony. The Australian Convict Sites presents the best surviving examples of large-scale convict transportation and the colonial expansion of European powers through the presence and labour of convicts.
Sites de bagnes australiens
Le bien comprend une sélection de onze sites pénitentiaires, parmi les milliers établis par l'Empire britannique sur le sol australien aux XVIIIe et XIXe siècles. Les sites sont disséminés à travers le pays, de Fremantle en Australie occidentale, à Kingston et Arthur's Vale sur l'île de Norfolk, à l'est ; et des environs de Sidney, en Nouvelle-Galles du Sud, au nord, jusqu'aux sites de Tasmanie, au sud. Près de 166 000 hommes, femmes et enfants furent envoyés en Australie pendant plus de 80 ans, entre 1787 et 1868, condamnés par la justice britannique à la déportation dans les colonies pénitentiaires. Chacun des sites avait une vocation propre, qu'il s'agisse d'enfermement punitif ou de rééducation par le travail forcé au service du projet colonial. Le bien présente les meilleurs exemples survivants de la déportation à grande échelle de condamnés et de l'expansion colonisatrice des puissances européennes par la présence et le travail des bagnards.
مواقع سجون المنافي
يشمل هذا الموقع مجموعة مختارة من الإصلاحيات من بين آلاف الإصلاحيات التي أنشأتها الإمبراطورية البريطانية في أستراليا إبان القرن الثامن عشر والقرن التاسع عشر. وتقع هذه الإصلاحيات على المحيط البحري الخصيب الذي طُرد منه السكان الأصليون، وبصفة أساسية حول مدينة سيدني وفي جزيرة تاسمانيا وجزيرة نوفولك ومدينة فريمانتل. وضمت هذه السجون عشرات الآلاف من الرجال والنساء والأطفال الذين أدانتهم المحاكم البريطانية. وكان لكل موقع من هذه المواقع اختصاص معين، كالحبس العقابي أو إعادة التهذيب عن طريق تطبيق الأشغال الشاقة لصالح المشروع الاستعماري. ويقدم الممتلك أفضل الأمثلة الباقية على عمليات نفي المجرمين على نطاق واسع، وعلى التوسع الاستعماري الذي مارسته القوى الأوروبية باستخدام المحكوم عليهم بالأشغال الشاقة.
source: UNESCO/ERI
source: UNESCO/ERI
Каторжные поселения
Памятник включает в себя 11 лагерей, отобранных среди тысяч тех, что были созданы Британской империей в Австралии в 18-19 веках. Они расположены по плодородной периферии моря, откуда были вытеснены аборигены, главным образом вокруг Сиднея и на острове Тасмания, а также на острове Норфолк и в районе города Фримэнтл. В этих тюрьмах содержались десятки тысяч мужчин, женщин и детей, приговоренных британским правосудием к тарнспортировке в каторжные колонии. Каждое учреждение отличалось своей спецификой – одни были местом тюремного заключения, другие служили перевоспитанию принудительным трудом, плодами которого пользовалась колониальная администрация. Памятник сохранил красноречивые свидетельства крупномасштабной депортации преступников и колониальной экспансии европейских держав за счет размещения там заключенных и эксплуатации их труда.
source: UNESCO/ERI
Sitios australianos de presidios
Este sitio comprende un grupo constituido tan sólo por once de los varios miles de colonias penitenciarias que el Imperio Británico estableció en Australia durante los siglos XVIII y XIX. Están situadas en el contorno marítimo fértil del que fueron expulsados los aborígenes, principalmente en los alrededores de las ciudades de Sydney y Fremantle, así como en las islas de Tasmania y Norfolk. En estos presidios vivieron decenas de miles de hombres, mujeres y niños condenados por la justicia británica. Tenían por finalidad específica el encarcelamiento punitivo de los presidiarios, o su reeducación mediante la realización de trabajos forzados en beneficio de los proyectos coloniales. Estos sitios constituyen los mejores ejemplos subsistentes del fenómeno de la deportación masiva de delincuentes y de la expansión de las potencias coloniales europeas mediante la explotación de mano de obra reclusa.
source: UNESCO/ERI
source: NFUAJ
Australische gevangenisterreinen
Het terrein bestaat uit een selectie van elf strafrechtelijke instellingen – van de duizenden die het Britse Rijk neerzette op Australische bodem in de 18e en 19e eeuw. De gevangenisterreinen zijn verspreid over heel Australië. Rond de 166.000 mannen, vrouwen en kinderen werden tussen 1787 en 1868 door de Britse regering veroordeeld tot deze Australische gevangenenkolonies. Elke plek had een specifiek doel qua gevangenisstraf en rehabilitatiemethode; gedwongen arbeid ter opbouw van de kolonie. De Australische gevangenisterreinen zijn de best bewaarde voorbeelden van grootschalig transport van veroordeelden en de koloniale uitbreiding van de Europese mogendheden door de aanwezigheid en het werk van gevangenen.
Source: unesco.nl
Outstanding Universal Value
Brief synthesis
The property consists of eleven complementary sites. It constitutes an outstanding and large-scale example of the forced migration of convicts, who were condemned to transportation to distant colonies of the British Empire; the same method was also used by other colonial states.
The sites illustrate the different types of convict settlement organized to serve the colonial development project by means of buildings, ports, infrastructure, the extraction of resources, etc. They illustrate the living conditions of the convicts, who were condemned to transportation far from their homes, deprived of freedom, and subjected to forced labour.
This transportation and associated forced labour was implemented on a large scale, both for criminals and for people convicted for relatively minor offences, as well as for expressing certain opinions or being political opponents. The penalty of transportation to Australia also applied to women and children from the age of nine. The convict stations are testimony to a legal form of punishment that dominated in the 18th and 19th centuries in the large European colonial states, at the same time as and after the abolition of slavery.
The property shows the various forms that the convict settlements took, closely reflecting the discussions and beliefs about the punishment of crime in 18th and 19th century Europe, both in terms of its exemplarity and the harshness of the punishment used as a deterrent, and of the aim of social rehabilitation through labour and discipline. They influenced the emergence of a penal model in Europe and America.
Within the colonial system established in Australia, the convict settlements simultaneously led to the Aboriginal population being forced back into the less fertile hinterland, and to the creation of a significant source of population of European origin.
Criterion (iv): The Australian convict sites constitute an outstanding example of the way in which conventional forced labour and national prison systems were transformed, in major European nations in the 18th and 19th centuries, into a system of deportation and forced labour forming part of the British Empire's vast colonial project. They illustrate the variety of the creation of penal colonies to serve the many material needs created by the development of a new territory. They bear witness to a penitentiary system which had many objectives, ranging from severe punishment used as a deterrent to forced labour for men, women and children, and the rehabilitation of the convicts through labour and discipline.
Criterion (vi): The transportation of criminals, delinquents, and political prisoners to colonial lands by the great nation states between the 18th and 20th centuries is an important aspect of human history, especially with regard to its penal, political and colonial dimensions. The Australian convict settlements provide a particularly complete example of this history and the associated symbolic values derived from discussions in modern and contemporary European society. They illustrate an active phase in the occupation of colonial lands to the detriment of the Aboriginal peoples, and the process of creating a colonial population of European origin through the dialectic of punishment and transportation followed by forced labour and social rehabilitation to the eventual social integration of convicts as settlers.
Integrity and authenticity
The structural and landscape integrity of the property varies depending on the site, and on the type of evidence considered. It has been affected by local history, at times marked by reuse or lengthy periods of abandonment. The integrity varies between well preserved groups and others where it might be described as fragmentary. Apart from certain visual perspectives in urban settings, the level of the property's integrity is well controlled by the site management plans.
Despite the inevitable complexity of a nomination made up of a series of eleven separate sites with more than 200 elements that convey the value of the property, the authenticity of the vast majority of them is good.
Protection and management requirements
All the sites forming the property are inscribed on the National Heritage List. They are also protected by the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999.
There is no direct major threat to the sites forming the serial property.
The general protection and management of the property are satisfactory. Conservation is articulated around a positive dynamic driven by the application of the conservation plans at each of the sites. The Brickendon and Woolmers Estate domains are an exception, and require ongoing assistance, both in terms of protection and conservation.
The management systems of the sites forming the property are appropriate, and they are adequately coordinated by the Strategic Management Framework for the property and its Steering Committee. For the sites involving the participation of private stakeholders for visitor reception, improved interpretation is however necessary; that includes the common objectives outlined in the Strategic Management Framework. It is also important to consider visitor reception facilities and their development in a way which respects the landscape conservation of the sites.
Historical Description
The transportation of people for forced labour is a system shared by many human societies, at various periods of history and in many civilizations. Most often, it involved slavery or the deportation of people following war. However, in the modern and contemporary eras, convict colonies were used as a place for prisoners to serve their sentences in a distant land, where they were generally used for forced labour.
Penal colonies were initially for the imprisonment of criminals, coupled with forced labour. In Europe they were concentrated in military ports, for example, to provide labour to work on galleys or for hard labour in arsenals, building infrastructure, etc. In times of war, forced-labour prison camps are similar in terms of their organization and objectives.
A new form of penitentiary combined with a colonial project appeared in the early 17th century in European countries, involving the permanent transportation of prisoners to new territories. Under the Transportation Act of 1718, England organized just such a system for its criminals in its North American colonies. France did the same after closing its galleys in 1748. Being condemned to a convict colony is in theory a severe prison sentence, for a serious crime. In reality, however, because of the colonies' need for labour, all sorts of crimes, often relatively minor, led to transportation for more or less lengthy terms. The expression of certain opinions or membership of a banned political group were also punishable in this way.
In 1775 England stopped transporting its criminals to America, because of the upheaval that eventually led to these colonies gaining their independence. Australia became the replacement destination starting in 1778 with the gradual organization of many convict colonies. Port Jackson (Sydney Harbour) was the first place where convicts were landed.
Transportation to Australia reached its maximum between 1787 and 1868, with 166,000 prisoners sent to its many convict stations. Australia was at the time a vast area, inhabited only by Aboriginal peoples, who were rapidly forced away from the most sheltered and most fertile coastal areas. From the point of view of the colonists, everything had to be built, starting with ports, houses, roads, colonial farms, etc. The convicts were often from the lower classes; women accounted for 16% of the total, and there were also quite a few children, who could be punished with transportation from the age of nine.
The Australian convict system took different forms in order to meet its many objectives. It evolved out of a great debate in Europe at the turn of the 19th century about how to punish crime and the social role to be given to the transportation of prisoners. The discussion included on the one hand the notion of punishment and on the other the desire to discourage crime through the idea of rehabilitation of personal behaviour by means of work and discipline. Transportation of a labour force to serve colonial development, especially in the more distant lands, was seen as a useful and effective response to these various social issues in England, as well in other European countries such as France and Russia.
In the Australian case, the convict system was in practice also designed to make the prisoners fully fledged colonists once they had served out their sentences. The considerable distance between Europe and Australia meant that that the convicts almost always remained after their release.
The Australian convict system included a variety of prison systems, ranging from outdoor to indoor work, from probationary transportation to simple imprisonment; it included convict stations for women or children (Cascades Female Factory and Point Puer). In some convict stations, the prisoners lived alongside free settlers (Brickendon and Woolmers Estates). Living conditions were naturally very strict, but they were variable in terms of their harshness, depending on the site and function.
Overseeing and transporting the convicts also required the presence of a sizeable prison administration, the organization of a specialized fleet, the presence of numerous guards, etc.
The most harsh stations, for those prisoners considered to be the most dangerous, included a prison, hard and often dangerous labour, corporal punishment, such as lashes or deprivation, and solitary confinement. Most sites had a prison and a solitary confinement area; but others were punishment stations, such as Norfolk Island, Port Arthur, and the Tasman Peninsula Coal Mines. These stations were renowned throughout the entire British Empire for their harshness, in order to maintain the fear of transportation among the population and so reduce crime in Great Britain and its colonies.
The convict gang system was used for public works, especially for roads and port facilities. They were generally very strict and the work was hard. Examples include Old Great North Road, Hyde Park Barracks, Port Arthur, Coal Mines, Kingston and Arthur's Vale Historic Area, and Fremantle Prison.
There were also labour convict stations for those prisoners considered to pose less of a threat, where the convicts were made available for private projects, often farming. The entrepreneurs used them at their own risk. Examples include Brickendon and Woolmers Estates and Old Government House. Female labour was more of a manufacturing nature, such as Cascades Female Factory, a textile mill. These were, of course, still prisons with a system of punishment and rewards. Some convict stations used women as servants - for example, on farms and Old Government House.
Those convicts who behaved themselves could earn a lighter sentence, gradually leading to their early release. In the very vivid minds of the social reformists of prisoners, the aim was to establish a probationary path that would gradually lead to social rehabilitation through labour and, finally, to the status of fully fledged colonial settler.
The creation of convict stations in Australia, at the heart of the programme of creating colonies, had particularly negative effects on the Aboriginal peoples. This led to social unrest, forced migration, and the loss of fertile land, as well as devastating epidemics because of their lack of immunity. Conflict and resistance were frequent occurrences as settlers and convicts arrived, often resulting in death.
The penal settlements continued for quite a long time after the transportation system was abolished, up until the eve of World War II, driven by their own dynamic of prisoner management and similar practices, though applied on a far lesser scale, such as exile.
The last of the sites to remain in active use was Fremantle Prison, which closed in the early 1990s.
Today, most of these sites are entirely or in part places of remembrance, museums, or parks.Source: Advisory Body Evaluation
News (1)
- World Heritage Committee inscribes seven cultural sites on World Heritage List Saturday, July 31, 2010