text:
EMBRYOPSIDA Pirani & Prado
Gametophyte dominant, independent, multicellular, thalloid, with single-celled apical meristem, showing gravitropism; rhizoids +, unicellular; acquisition of phenylalanine lysase [PAL], phenylpropanoid metabolism [lignans +, flavonoids + (absorbtion of UV radiation)], xyloglucans +; plant [protoplasm dessication tolerant], ectohydrous [free water outside plant physiologically important]; cuticle +; cell wall also with (1->3),(1->4)-ß-D-MLGs [Mixed-Linkage Glucans]; chloroplasts per cell, lacking pyrenoids; glycolate metabolism in leaf peroxisomes [glyoxysomes]; centrioles in vegetative cells 0, metaphase spindle anastral, predictive preprophase band of microtubules, phragmoplast + [cell wall deposition spreading from around the spindle fibres], plasmodesmata +; antheridia and archegonia jacketed, stalked; spermatogenous cells monoplastidic; blepharoplast, bicentriole pair develops de novo in spermatogenous cell, associated with basal bodies of cilia [= flagellum], multilayered structure [4 layers: L1, L4, tubules; L2, L3, short vertical lamellae] + spline [tubules from L1 encircling spermatid], basal body 200-250 nm long, associated with amorphous electron-dense material, microtubules in basal end lacking symmetry, stellate array of filaments in transition zone extended, axonemal cap 0 [microtubules disorganized at apex of cilium]; male gametes [spermatozoids] with a left-handed coil, cilia 2, lateral; oogamy; sporophyte dependent on gametophyte, embryo initially surrounded by haploid gametophytic tissue, plane of first division horizontal [with respect to long axis of archegonium/embryo sac], suspensor/foot +, cell walls with nacreous thickenings; sporophyte multicellular, with at least transient apical cell [?level], sporangium +, single, dehiscence longitudinal; meiosis sporic, monoplastidic, microtubule organizing centre associated with plastid, cytokinesis simultaneous, preceding nuclear division, sporocytes 4-lobed, with a quadripolar microtubule system; spores in tetrads, sporopollenin in the spore wall, initially laid down in association with several trilamellar layers [white-line centred layers, i.e. walls multilamellate]; nuclear genome size <1.4 pg, LEAFY and KNOX1 and KNOX2 genes present, ethylene involved in cell elongation; chloroplast genome with close association between trnLUAA and trnFGAA genes.
Many of the bolded characters in the characterization above are apomorphies of subsets of streptophytes along the lineage leading to the embryophytes, not apomorphies of crown-group embryophytes per se.
All groups below are crown groups, nearly all are extant. Characters mentioned are those of the immediate common ancestor of the group, [] contains explanatory material, () features common in clade, exact status unclear.
Abscisic acid, ?D-methionine +; sporangium - tapetum +, columella + [developing from endothecial cells], seta developing from basal meristem [between epibasal and hypobasal cells]; stomata +, anomocytic, cell lineage that produces them with symmetric divisions [perigenous]; underlying similarities in the development of conducting tissue and in rhizoids/root hairs; spores trilete; polar transport of auxins and class 1 KNOX genes expressed in the sporangium alone; shoot meristem patterning gene families expressed; MIKC, MI*K*C* and class 1 and 2 KNOX genes, post-transcriptional editing of chloroplast genes; gain of three group II mitochondrial introns.
[Anthocerophyta + Polysporangiophyta]: archegonia embedded/sunken in the gametophyte; sporophyte long-lived, chlorophyllous; sporophyte-gametophyte junction interdigitate, sporophyte cells showing rhizoid-like behaviour.
Sporophyte branched, branching apical, dichotomous; sporangia several, each opening independently; spore walls not multilamellate [?here].
Photosynthetic red light response; plant homoiohydrous [water content of protoplasm relatively stable]; control of leaf hydration passive; (condensed or nonhydrolyzable tannins/proanthocyanidins +); sporophyte soon independent, dominant, with basipetal polar auxin transport; lignins +; vascular tissue +, G- and S-type tracheids, sieve cells + [nucleus degenerating], tracheids +, in both protoxylem and metaxylem, plant endohydrous [physiologically important free water inside plant]; endodermis +; leaves spirally arranged, blades with mean venation density 1.8 mm/mm2 [to 5 mm/mm2]; sporangia adaxial on the sporophyll, derived from periclinal divisions of several epidermal cells, wall multilayered [eusporangium]; columella 0; tapetum glandular; gametophytes exosporic, green, photosynthetic; basal body 350-550 nm long, stellate array in transition region initially joining microtubule triplets; placenta with single layer of transfer cells in both sporophytic and gametophytic generations, root lateral with respect to the longitudinal axis of the embryo [plant homorhizic].[MONILOPHYTA + LIGNOPHYTA]
Sporophyte branching ± indeterminate; root apex multicellular, root cap +, lateral roots +, endogenous; endomycorrhizal associations + [with Glomeromycota]; G-type tracheids +, with scalariform-bordered pits; leaves with apical/marginal growth, venation development basipetal, growth determinate; sporangia borne in pairs and grouped in terminal trusses, dehiscence longitudinal, a single slit; cells polyplastidic, microtubule organizing centres not associated with plastids, diffuse, perinuclear; blepharoplasts +, paired, with electron-dense material, centrioles on periphery, male gametes multiciliate; chloroplast long single copy ca 30kb inversion [from psbM to ycf2]; LITTLE ZIPPER proteins.
Sporophyte woody; lateral root origin from the pericycle; branching lateral, meristems axillary; cork cambium + [producing cork abaxially], vascular cambium bifacial [producing phloem abaxially and xylem adaxially].
Plants heterosporous; megasporangium surrounded by cupule [i.e. = unitegmic ovule, cupule = integument]; pollen lands on ovule; megaspore germination endosporic [female gametophyte initially retained on the plant].
Plant evergreen; nicotinic acid metabolised to trigonelline, (cyanogenesis via tyrosine pathway); primary cell walls rich in xyloglucans and/or glucomannans, 25-30% pectin [Type I walls]; lignins particularly with guaiacyl and p-hydroxyphenyl [G + H] units [sinapyl units uncommon, no Maüle reaction]; root stele with xylem and phloem originating on alternate radii, cork cambium deep seated; mitochondrial density in whole SAM 1.6-6.2[mean]/μm2 [interface-specific mitochondrial network]; stem with vascular cylinder around central pith [eustele], phloem abaxial [ectophloic], endodermis 0, xylem endarch [development centrifugal]; wood homoxylous, tracheids and rays alone, tracheid/tracheid pits circular, bordered; mature sieve tube/cell lacking functioning nucleus, sieve tube plastids with starch grains; phloem fibres +; cork cambium superficial; leaves with single trace from vascular sympodium [nodes 1:1]; stomatal pore with active opening in response to leaf hydration, control by abscisic acid, metabolic regulation of water use efficiency, etc.; axillary buds exogenous, (none; not associated with all leaves); prophylls two, lateral; leaves with petiole and lamina, development basipetal, blade simple; plant heterosporous, sporangia borne on sporophylls, sporophylls spiral; microsporophylls aggregated in indeterminate cones/strobili; grains monosulcate, aperture in ana- position [distal], primexine + [involved in exine pattern formation with deposition of sporopollenin from tapetum there], exine and intine homogeneous; megasporangium indehiscent; ovules with parietal tissue 2+ cells across, megaspore tetrad linear, functional megaspore single, chalazal, sporopollenin 0; gametophyte development initially endosporic, dependent on sporophyte, apical cell 0, rhizoids 0, development continuing outside the spore; male gametophyte with tube developing from distal end of grain, male gametes two, developing after pollination, with cell walls; female gametophyte initially syncytial, walls then surrounding individual nuclei; embryo cellular ab initio, endoscopic, plane of first cleavage of zygote transverse, suspensor +, short-minute, embryonic axis straight [shoot and root at opposite ends; plant allorhizic], cotyledons 2; plastid transmission maternal; ycf2 gene in inverted repeat, whole nuclear genome duplication [ζ - zeta - duplication], two copies of LEAFY gene, PHY gene duplications [three - [BP [A/N + C/O]] - copies], nrDNA with 5.8S and 5S rDNA in separate clusters; mitochondrial trans- nad2i542g2 and coxIIi3 introns present.
Lignans, O-methyl flavonols, dihydroflavonols, triterpenoid oleanane, apigenin and/or luteolin scattered, [cyanogenesis in ANITA grade?], lignin also with syringyl units common [G + S lignin, positive Maüle reaction - syringyl:guaiacyl ratio more than 2-2.5:1], hemicelluloses as xyloglucans; root apical meristem intermediate-open; root vascular tissue oligarch [di- to pentarch], lateral roots arise opposite or immediately to the side of [when diarch] xylem poles; origin of epidermis with no clear pattern [probably from inner layer of root cap], trichoblasts [differentiated root hair-forming cells] 0, hypodermis suberised and with Casparian strip [= exodermis +]; shoot apex with tunica-corpus construction, tunica 2-layered; reaction wood ?, associated gelatinous fibres [g-fibres] with innermost layer of secondary cell wall rich in cellulose and poor in lignin; starch grains simple; primary cell wall mostly with pectic polysaccharides, poor in mannans; tracheid:tracheid [end wall] plates with scalariform pitting, wood parenchyma +; sieve tubes enucleate, sieve plate with pores (0.1-)0.5-10< µm across, cytoplasm with P-proteins, cytoplasm not occluding pores of sieve plate, companion cell and sieve tube from same mother cell; sugar transport in phloem passive; nodes 1:?; stomata brachyparacytic [ends of subsidiary cells level with ends of pore], outer stomatal ledges producing vestibule, reduction in stomatal conductance to increasing CO2 concentration; lamina formed from the primordial leaf apex, margins toothed, development of venation acropetal, overall growth ± diffuse, venation hierarchical-reticulate, secondary veins pinnate, veins (1.7-)4.1(-5.7) mm/mm2, endings free; most/all leaves with axillary buds; flowers perfect, pedicellate, ± haplomorphic; protogynous; parts spiral [esp. the A], free, numbers unstable, development in general centripetal; P +, members each with a single trace, outer members not sharply differentiated from the others, not enclosing the floral bud; A many, filament not sharply distinguished from anther, stout, broad, with a single trace, anther introrse, tetrasporangiate, sporangia in two groups of two [dithecal], sporangium pairs dehiscing longitudinally by a common slit, ± embedded in the filament, walls with at least outer secondary parietal cells dividing, endothecium +, endothecial cells elongated at right angles to long axis of anther; (tapetum glandular), cells binucleate; microspore mother cells in a block, microsporogenesis successive, walls developing by centripetal furrowing; pollen subspherical, tectum continuous or microperforate, ektexine columellate, endexine lamellate only in the apertural regions, thin, compact; nectary 0; carpels present, superior, free, several, ascidiate, with postgenital occlusion by secretion, stylulus at most short [shorter than ovary], hollow, cavity not lined by distinct epidermal layer, stigma ± decurrent, carinal, stigma wet, extragynoecial compitum +; ovules few [?1]/carpel, marginal, anatropous, bitegmic, micropyle endostomal, outer integument 2-3 cells across, often largely subdermal in origin, inner integument 2-3 cells across, often dermal in origin, parietal tissue 1-3 cells across [crassinucellate], nucellar cap?; megasporocyte single, hypodermal, functional megaspore chalazal, lacking cuticle; female gametophyte lacking chlorophyll, not photsynthesising, four-celled [one module, nucleus of egg cell sister to one of the polar nuclei]; ovule not increasing in size between pollination and fertilization; pollen grains land on stigma, bicellular at dispersal, mature male gametophyte tricellular, germinating in less than 3 hours, pollen tube elongated, unbranched, growing between cells, growth rate (20-)80-20,000 µm/hour, apex of pectins, wall with callose, lumen with callose plugs, penetration of ovules via micropyle [porogamous], whole process takes ca 18 hours, distance to first ovule 1.1-2.1 mm; male gametes lacking cell walls, cilia 0, siphonogamy; double fertilization +, ovules aborting unless fertilized; P deciduous in fruit; mature seed much larger than ovule when fertilized, small [], dry [no sarcotesta], exotestal; endosperm diploid, cellular, heteropolar [micropylar and chalazal domains develop differently, first division oblique, micropylar end initially with a single large cell, divisions uniseriate, chalazal cell smaller, divisions in several planes], copious, oily and/or proteinaceous; dark reversal Pfr → Pr; Arabidopsis-type telomeres [(TTTAGGG)n]; nuclear genome size <1.4 pg [1 pg = 109 base pairs], whole nuclear genome duplication [ε - epsilon - duplication]; protoplasm dessication tolerant [plant poikilohydric]; ndhB gene 21 codons enlarged at the 5' end, single copy of LEAFY and RPB2 gene, knox genes extensively duplicated [A1-A4], AP1/FUL gene, paleo AP3 and PI genes [paralogous B-class genes] +, with "DEAER" motif, SEP3/LOFSEP and three copies of the PHY gene, [PHYB [PHYA + PHYC]].
[NYMPHAEALES [AUSTROBAILEYALES [[CHLORANTHALES + MAGNOLIIDS] [MONOCOTS [CERATOPHYLLALES + EUDICOTS]]]]]: wood fibres +; axial parenchyma diffuse or diffuse-in-aggregates; pollen monosulcate [anasulcate], tectum reticulate-perforate [here?]; ?genome duplication; "DEAER" motif in AP3 and PI genes lost, gaps in these genes.
[AUSTROBAILEYALES [[CHLORANTHALES + MAGNOLIIDS] [MONOCOTS [CERATOPHYLLALES + EUDICOTS]]]]: vessel elements with scalariform perforation plates in primary xylem; essential oils in specialized cells [lamina and P ± pellucid-punctate]; tension wood +; tectum reticulate; anther wall with outer secondary parietal cell layer dividing; carpels plicate; nucellar cap + [character lost where in eudicots?]; 12BP [4 amino acids] deletion in P1 gene.
[[CHLORANTHALES + MAGNOLIIDS] [MONOCOTS [CERATOPHYLLALES + EUDICOTS]]] / MESANGIOSPERMAE: benzylisoquinoline alkaloids +; sesquiterpene synthase subfamily a [TPS-a] [?level], polyacetate derived anthraquinones + [?level]; outer epidermal walls of root elongation zone with cellulose fibrils oriented transverse to root axis; P more or less whorled, 3-merous [possible position]; pollen tube growth intra-gynoecial [extragynoecial compitum 0]; embryo sac bipolar, 8 nucleate, antipodal cells persisting; endosperm triploid.
[MONOCOTS [CERATOPHYLLALES + EUDICOTS]]: (extra-floral nectaries +); (veins in lamina often 7-17 mm/mm2 or more [mean for eudicots 8.0]); (stamens opposite [two whorls of] P); (pollen tube growth fast).
[CERATOPHYLLALES + EUDICOTS]: ethereal oils 0.
EUDICOTS: (Myricetin, delphinidin +), asarone 0 [unknown in some groups, + in some asterids]; root epidermis derived from root cap [?Buxaceae, etc.]; (vessel elements with simple perforation plates in primary xylem); nodes 3:3; stomata anomocytic; flowers (dimerous), cyclic; protandry common; K/outer P members with three traces, ("C" +, with a single trace); A few, (polyandry widespread, initial primordia 5, 10, or ring, ± centrifugal), filaments fairly slender, anthers basifixed; microsporogenesis simultaneous, pollen tricolpate, apertures in pairs at six points of the young tetrad [Fischer's rule], cleavage centripetal, wall with endexine; G with complete postgenital fusion, stylulus/style solid [?here]; seed coat?
[PROTEALES, SABIACEAE [TROCHODENDRALES [BUXALES + CORE EUDICOTS]]]: (axial/receptacular nectary +).
Evolution. Estimates of the age of divergence within this clade (but as [Proteales [Sabiales [Buxales [Trochodendrales....]) range from (138-)125, 121(-110) m.y. (see Bell et al. 2010 for details), while Magallón and Castillo (2009) suggest ages of ca 122.8 and 123.6 (relaxed and constrained penalized likelihood ages) m.y. for the clade.
Chemistry, Morphology, etc. For the distinction between gynoecial (supposedly asterids only) and receptacular nectaries, see Smets (1988) and Smets et al. (2003); for a general survey of nectaries, see Bernadello (2007).
Phylogeny. The position of Sabiaceae is unclear. Worberg et al. (2007: Ophiocaryon not included) found Sabiaceae to be sister to all other [eudicots minus Ranunculaceae], although with little more than 80% jacknife support; this position is temporarily adopted here. For further discussion see the Ranuculales page, and for an updated discussion on Sabiaceae and its relationships, see the Proteales page - I think that is where Sabiaceae will end up.
SABIALES Takhtajan Main Tree.
P = K + C, pollen colporate, nectary a thin ± lobed disc; G connate, 1 or 2 pendulous campylotropous ovules/carpel, apex of nucellus exposed; seed with condyle [placental intrusion]; endosperm helobial, embryo long, curved. - 1 family, 3 genera, 100 species.
Note: (....) denotes a feature common in the clade, exact status uncertain, [....] includes explanatory material. Possible apomorphies are in bold. However, the actual level at which many of these features, particularly the more cryptic ones, should be assigned is unclear. This is partly because many characters show considerable homoplasy, in addition, basic information for all too many is very incomplete, frequently coming from taxa well embedded in the clade of interest and so making the position of any putative apomorphy uncertain. Then there are the not-so-trivial issues of how character states are delimited and ancestral states are reconstructed (see above).
Includes Sabiaceae.
Synonymy: Meliosmales C. Y. Wu et al.
SABIACEAE Blume, nom. cons. Back to Main Tree
Evergreen (deciduous) trees or lianes; pentacyclic triterpenoids +, tanniniferous, benzylisoquinoline alkaloids?; vessel elements with simple to scalariform perforation plates, bars few (-30); wood with broad rays (0 - Sabia), (true tracheids +; pits vestured - Meliosma); secondary phloem with broad or flaring rays; nodes complex unilacunar [Meliosma]; (sieve tube plastids also with protein crystalloids); cuticle wax crystalloids 0; stomata also paracytic; buds perulate or not; leaves spiral or two-ranked, simple to odd-pinnately compound, conduplicate [Meliosma], teeth ± spiny or 0; flowers poly- or obliquely monosymmetric, (3-)5-merous, K C A opposite each other, latter basally adnate to C, (2 A fertile, with 2 basal processes and opposing C small, 2-3 A staminodial - Meliosma, Ophiocaryon); A 5 (Sabia), disporangiate [?Ophioocaryon], dehiscence transverse or valvular; G [2-3], completely closed (also secretory canal), when 2, oblique or median, ovules apotropous, (Sabia - unitegmic, integument 6 cells across), styluli (marginal - Ophiocaryon) short, stigmas punctate, wet; fruit a (bilobed) ± drupelet to ± dry, dehiscent, (styluli excentric); seed coat ?; chalazal endosperm haustoria +, (embryo ± spiral or coiled), cotyledons usually folded; n = 12, 16.
3[list]/100: Meliosma (70). South East Asia to Malesia, tropical America (map: from van Beusekom 1973; Sinimbu, pers. comm. Rafael Sühs). [Photo - Flower] [Photo - Fruit]
Evolution. Fossils of Sabiaceae are known from the Cretaceous-Cenomanian (ca 98 m.y. before present, Insitiocarpus, c.f. Meliosma) and -Turonian (Sabia) of Europe (Knobloch & Mai 1986). Anderson et al. (2005) date stem group Sabiaceae to 122-118 m.y. before present, crown group Sabiaceae 119-91 m.y. before present, and Magallón and Castillo (2009: Sabiaceae part od the eudicot pectination) offer the figure of ca 123.2 m.y. for the stem age.
Sabiaceae are distinctive among members of the eudicot grade in that the perianth is differentiated into a calyx and corolla (Drinnan et al. 1994; Hoot et al. 1999) and there is a nectary that appears to be axial/receptacular. Meliosma has explosively dehiscent anthers that are held under tension by the complex staminodes, but there is also a kind of secondary pollination presentation in which pollen collects on the broad connective between the anthers sacs (Ronse De Craene & Wanntorp 2008 for discussion).
Chemistry, Morphology, etc. There have been arguments over the interpretation of the flower of Meliosma, especially of the nature of the perianth members; two sepals are smaller than the others and have been called bracteoles. According to Baillon (1874), the two carpels of Sabia are median; Wanntorp and Ronse de Craene (2007) illustrate those of Meliosma as being more or less collateral. Warburg (1896) drew the two carpels of Meliosma as being oblique to the vertical axis of the flowers, but median to the plane between the two bracteoles; van Beusekom and van der Water (1989) show the carpels as being oblique both to the vertical axis and to the plane between the bracteoles, and the flower could be called obliquely monosymmetric (for a careful study, see Wanntorp & Ronse de Craene 2007).
In Meliosma the integument does not grow over the apical part of the nucellus so there is no micropyle. Ophiocaryon paradoxum has a coiled embryo; it is known as the snake nut. For chemistry, see Hegnauer (1973, 1990), and for a general account, see Kubitzki (2006b).
Classification. For a revision of Sabia, see van de Water (1980).
Synonymy: Meliosmaceae Endlicher, Wellingtoniaceae Meisner


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Honoring the Saints
One of the most significant achievements of the Protestant Reformation was the recovery of the biblical truth that Christ is the sole Mediator between God and man. When this truth is proclaimed, we have confidence to approach the Lord with ...Read More
Jesus As Man
The christological debates of the early church can be hard to keep track of, but there is one important conclusion from them that we can easily remember, namely, that Jesus' humanity is as important to our salvation as His deity. ...Read More
Athanasius Against the World
Standing for the truth of God's Word is often costly, as we have seen in the cases of Justin Martyr and Athanasius. However, if we have counted the cost, we will be prepared to pay the price when and if ...Read More
Defenders of the Faith
Irenaeus' confrontation of the Gnostic heresy reminds us that Christianity is a public religion. God revealed Himself in Christ to many people and not just to a select few, and there is no secret oral tradition that has been handed ...Read More
The Martyrdom of Polycarp
Even as the Western world grows increasingly hostile to the Christian faith, we must still remember—and thank God for—the freedoms we enjoy. We do not yet risk our lives by confessing Christ, but that is not true for millions of ...Read More
The Expansion of the Church
The fact that even the Apostles faced heresy in the church cautions us against viewing any past era of church history as a "golden age." There have been high points to be sure, but Christians are not exempt from sin, ...Read More
Greeting One Another
The differences that separate professing Christian denominations are significant—many of them even touching the heart of the gospel—so we should never minimize them. Yet we should not so separate from others who affirm the true gospel that we believe Jesus ...Read More
Honoring Faithfulness
Not everyone who works hard for Christ's church receives honor and commendation from other people such as we see in Paul's list of greetings. But even when no one else commends us for our work, the Lord sees what we ...Read More
Working Hard In the Lord
In today's passage, Paul also commends Rufus' mother, who was a "mother" to him as well. She evidently showed great care and concern for him at some point during his ministry. As believers in Christ, we should be eager to ...Read More
Stature in Christ
John Calvin also notes that the absence of titles in Romans 16 reveals that many Roman Christians were not a part of the upper class. God invites those whom the world would regard as the unlikeliest of people into His ...Read More
DevotionalsDaily readings to encourage your heart and mind in the pursuit of God and his glory.
- All
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- Ancient Church
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- Twentieth Century

subset: commoncrawl


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Cabotine Perfume
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Reviews (169)
1 - 5 (of 169 Reviews)
I love cabotine by Gres it is my favorite I have been asked so many times by people What do you have on that smells so nice, it has such a beautiful aroma even my bedroom has that scent in it. I just love it.
Written by Helen on December 19, 2014Read Review details ►
Actually I stumbled across this fragrance by mistake, from the first time I smelled the fragrance I was sold on it. Cabotine is my favorite fragrance ever! I've been wearing it for about 4 years now and nothing can take the place of its flowery fresh scent. Whenever I wear it my co-workers always say they can tell whenever I left out of a room
Written by Dee on July 09, 2014Read Review details ►
A friend who worked in perfume introduced me to Cabotine many years ago. I love this fragrance. I get compliments and people don't know the name so it's unique. I find it a bit strong when I first put it on but it lingers for a long time.
Written by grandmakk on February 18, 2014Read Review details ►
I fell in love with Dior Tendre Poison and was disappointed when it went out of production. Then I found Cabotine. Cabotine smells spot on like Tendre Poison. So glad to find this clone of a fragrance I loved!
Written by Titianlady on January 30, 2014Read Review details ►
I really love the smell of this fragrance , it's a smell you can wear anytime. My girlfriend was wearing it first and I would smell it on her and just love the scent. Try it you will love it !!!!!
Written by Anonymous on January 21, 2014Read Review details ►
1 - 5 (of 169 Reviews)


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Which star wore the most fabulous SAG Awards dress to date?
The 2013 Screen Actors Guild Awards are around the corner! To prepare for the fashionable frenzy, let's play a game to see if you can guess who has worn the best SAG dress to date.
Your score: 0
Which star wore the better SAG Awards dress?
See how many out of 20 you can get right. Score by clicking on the photo with the most votes.
Good luck!


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In the recent update Marlon Moore, Roberto Wallace, a bunch of O-linemen that are insignificant, Micah Johnson, Bobby Carpenter, and Alama-Francis were added.
None of them are anything worth starting over someone else, but hey its cool to have our new guys in but I have a couple gripes.
Micah Johnson - 56 overall, 66 speed. For a guy who was always around the ball he deserves to be faster than that. Langford has 69 speed to put it into some perspective.
and more so:
Moore is a 53 overall and Wallace is 56, sure theyre undrafted rookies so it makes sense but look at their stats
(ill list them with Moore then Wallace's)
Speed: 89, 83
Awareness: 37, 30
Catching: 65, 70
Route Running: 49, 52
Catch in traffic: 62, 64
Spectacular Catch: 68, 78
Beating the press: 55, 70
Jumping: 85, 93
Sure, I can understand that some of the ratings aren't great but that route running is huge. There's probably corners with better routes. And the speed! Come on! Didn't Wallace run a 4.4?!


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On an upcoming trip, I will be taking a desktop computer and monitor as checked luggage (on a United/Continental flight). What should I be aware of when doing this? What needs to be done to properly protect all the components? Are there any airline policies I should be aware of?
A friend recently did this, flying from LON (London) to SYD (Sydney).
I went shopping with him and found a hard-shell suitcase. They're surprisingly light, and Samsonite has claimed theirs is "strong enough to stand on".
We then removed his harddisk drive. This is the most valuable and most fragile part of the computer. It's also feasible to do the same with the sticks of RAM and other parts, but the harddrive is the critical bit.
This was packed in an anti-static bag, and bubble wrapped, and I believe he actually took it on his carry-on to make sure he had it safe at all times.
Aside from that, you check the suitcase in just as per normal. I'd perhaps put some jerseys or other clothes in the case with the computer to try and give it just that extra bit of protection, and to prevent it from sliding around too much if it's not an exact fit.
I personally would take some precautions. First of all, make a backup of your data. Leave on in your home and take another one with you so that you can use it in your destination place. Then when transporting a desktop computer, the most fragile part is almost always the hard disk drive. So I would dismount it if possible and take it into your cabin luggage. You could also do this for other sensible parts like for example other drives, the processor, or the RAM bars. This I would pack into anti-static bags and take it into the cabin.
The tower itself you can put into protected pc transporting bags like this one. This bag will be checked so that you can't smuggle and weapons or drugs. But you shouldn't normally fear that this will damage your computer.
And last but not least, you could also think about sending your computer with a carrier. I quote this from a message board:
I've shipped the kid's gaming computer twice on an airline. Both times it was partially disassembled on arrival. With a huge heatsink for the chip, it must look suspicious to the uninformed at TSA. Had to rebuild it both times. Third time, FedEX - same thing.


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Community Information Database
You are browsing the Subject Heading Domestic Violence Support Groups which contains 4 record(s)
- City of Santa Cruz Commission for the Prevention of Violence Against Women
The vision of this city advisory body is to end sexual assault, sexual harassment and domestic violence in the City of Santa Cruz through prevention, programs and public policy. Purpose: to mak... [Full Record] [Add to Personal List]
- Walnut Avenue Women's Center
The Walnut Avenue Women's Center is a 501(c)3 public benefit organization dedicated to improving the quality of life for women, children, and families in the local community for over 75 years. Th... [Full Record] [Add to Personal List]
- Walnut Avenue Women's Center Domestic Violence Services
The Women's Center has full-time and volunteer advocates available to support victims of domestic violence. Our advocates are trained and certified DV counselors and can meet you where you are, r... [Full Record] [Add to Personal List]
- Women's Crisis Support-Defensa de Mujeres
Santa Cruz Office: 1685 Commercial Way, Santa Cruz(by appointment) Monarch Services' is committed to serving everyone in our community, with a special commitment to women, youth, children, La... [Full Record] [Add to Personal List]


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Nokia 6301 inherits the same sleek, classic, elegant and stainless steel design from its predecessor, Nokia 6300. According to the other users of this model(6300), the battery performance is short compared to the other models.
With the addition of WLAN feature, the performance may become severe when it comes to battery usage. Luckily, there is an improvement in the LCD display size. Unfortunately Nokia 6301 still lacks 3G capabilities and stereo Bluetooth (A2DP).
- Nokia 6301 (Unlocked)
- User Manual
- Travel Charger
- Batttery
Customer Reviews
Write your own review


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This is an incredible pool of talent on this 10th season of American Idol. We are down to nine finalists after Thursday's vote. I'm not sure Naima Adedapo deserved to be sent home before Paul McDonald, Jacob Lusk and Stefano Langone, but it won't be the first time the voters got it wrong. That said, […]
U.S. clerk jailed for gay marriage defiance dispute goes on, Donald Trump has mastered the art of the insult and why stay-at-home spouses become resentful.
Manhunt for Illinois cop killers grows, migrant crisis in Europe intensifies and the celebs giving Bernie Sanders a boost.
Police hunt for suspects in killing of Illinois veteran officer, where does Trump get his GOP support and understanding why we procrastinate.
Killer fired 15 shots at Texas deputy, more Clinton emails are released and the rise of phone reading.
Slain TV journalists remembered at memorial service, why Jeb Bush and Hillary Clinton will have trouble this election season and the most dangerous job in New York.
Wake up with America's first news – The Wall Street Journal This Morning. Host Gordon Deal and news anchor Gina Cervetti go beyond the headlines with the day's first look at news and business news from the U.S. and around the world; bringing a lively blend of intelligent information, humor, and expert analysis to morning radio.
Gordon Deal Before taking the helm at The Wall Street Journal This Morning in November 2005, Gordon was well-known to New York City radio listeners, having worked at both WINS-AM and WCBS-AM where he honed his writing skills and developed his distinctive on-air reporting style. He also served as New York City bureau chief for Metro Networks where his reports aired on WOR-AM and WABC-AM.
Gina Cervetti has an extensive radio news anchoring and reporting background including several years at Boston NPR affiliate WBUR-FM where she anchored the local production of "All Things Considered" and "Here and Now." Gina is an Associated Press Award-winning broadcaster, whose reports have been heard all over New England, including WRKO Boston and WTAG Worcester. She graduated from Boston University.
Mike Gavin oversees the production of the show which includes coordinating segments with WSJ reporters, editors, and outside newsmakers. He also oversees the sound and content of the show including all music and sound elements. Mike had spent a decade in radio programming and production before finding a home at WSJ Radio in 2007. He lives at the Jersey Shore with his wife and son.


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Link Ink: Vin Diesel Meets Marvel, Attacking Titans And 'Assassin's Creed' Manga
Movies: Has Vin Diesel dropped a not-so-subtle hint about who he may be playing in an upcoming Marvel movie?
Manga: Japan's Jump Kai magazine will publish a manga adaptation of Assassin's Creed IV on August 10th illustrated by Kendi Oiwa.
Interviews: Tim O'Shea talks to CA's own M


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Sacred Duty
Discussing contemporary religion and culture with Ken Chitwood
Posts filtered on Tag
Sports Heroes, Martyrs and the Saga of Broncos Quarterback Tim Tebow
It's that time of year again when football season roles around and with it, American football fanaticism. Often compared to religious devotion, the cult of United States football is certainly adhered to by a passionate and committed crowd. At an almost rabid level, fans across the USA continue to identify with their teams and sports […] [Read More]


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Negative investor sentiment still plague mutual funds and ETFs, which both saw outflows in the week ended Nov. 14.
All Financial Planning articles are archived after 7 days. REGISTER NOW for unlimited access to all recently archived articles, as well as thousands of searchable stories. Registered Members also gain access to exclusive industry white paper downloads, web seminars, blog discussions, the iPad App, CE Exams, and conference discounts. Qualified members may also choose to receive our free monthly magazine and any of our daily or weekly e-newsletters covering the latest breaking news, opinions from industry leaders, developing trends and growth strategies.


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Browser does not support script.
Scope is a fully peer-reviewed online journal edited by staff and students in the Department of Culture, Film and Media and Institute for Screen Industries Research at the University of Nottingham. Scope provides a forum for discussion of all aspects of film and television history, theory and criticism.
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The Scope website is being redesigned. We hope to have the journal's full archives back online soon. Thanks for your patience. Meanwhile, if you seek a particular article or other content from a past issue, please email the co-editor, Mark Gallagher, and he will try to pass along a copy promptly.
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Email: firstname.lastname@example.com


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Everybody likes money tricks! This one is easy- it's "done with mirrors"!
The basic effect: Show a wooden paddle with three rubber bands on it. Place a coin under one of the bands, give the coin a squeeze, shake the paddle and you've duplicated the coin! Now there is a coin on BOTH sides of the paddle!
Put another coin under another band, give a squeeze and a shake- now you have TWO coins on BOTH sides of the paddle! Repeat one more time- now you've got THREE coins on BOTH sides of the paddle!
BUT WAIT- WATCH THIS! You can actually remove ALL SIX COINS! Yes, there are really six coins!
AND THAT'S NOT ALL! After the coins are removed, give the paddle another shake- and a DOLLAR BILL is now under the bands! Remove the dollar bill- and show that ii is indeed REAL!
AND ONE MORE THING! After you remove the bill from the paddle, give it another shake. Explain "how it's done"- turn the paddle over and show that it's covered in mirrors!


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I'm looking for a good museum that is dedicated to computer history in Central Europe. Are there any recommendations?
Take the 2-minute tour ×
Travel Stack Exchange is a question and answer site for road warriors and seasoned travelers. It's 100% free, no registration required.
There is a computer museum in Paderborn Germany (North Rhine Westphalia), reportedly the largest in Europe, that was formerly the headquarter of Nixdorf Computer Corporation. It's official website is hnf.de.
The Deutsches Museum in Munich is the world's largest science and technology museum, and it has a pretty large computer exhibition as well, including a Zuse Z3 and a Cray-1
On http://www.cucm.de/blog/13/computer_museen_in_deutschland/ you find a list of German computer museums (sorry, only German). But maybe you can follow the links.
For the Haus zur Geschichte der IBM Datenverarbeitung Sindelfingen (not for computer in general, only for IBM) there is an English Flyer. Oldenburg has also an English Website


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Gold Hill, Ore. -- After only four days of business, Breeze Botanicals the medical marijuana dispensary in Gold Hill has already generated hundreds of dollars for the city.
The managing owner, Brie Malarkey, said business is going strong.
"We've been getting 60-75 transactions a day," she said.
Those sales are translating to money for Gold Hill. City councilors have required a five percent sales tax on any medical marijuana product.
"We've collected on average $100 to $150 a day in the five percent sales tax," said Malarkey.
Despite some residents' concerns that a dispensary would increase crime, the sales tax from Breeze Botanicals is earmarked
for public safety.
"We are trying to figure out funding for increased law enforcement," said Rick Hohnbaum, the Gold Hill City Manager, over the phone.
According to Hohnbaum, the city currently has a half time officer but is for right now relying on the dispensary as their only funding source to make their half time officer full time next year.
"It will cost us between 70-75 thousand for a full time community service officer," said Hohnbaum.
He said it would be even more for a full time sworn Jackson County deputy.
Malarkey said some of her patients don't necessarily agree with a sales tax on cannabis.
"If their doctor had prescribed Oxycontin or another pharmaceutical there's no tax on that," she said.
Regardless, Malarkey is just glad to be up and running.
Meanwhile, officials at the City of Gold Hill are hoping success for Malarkey's business will mean more money for public safety.
It won't be until next April or May that the Gold Hill City Manager said he expects a budget committee to okay increased law enforcement.
Hohnbaum said it all depends on how much money they get from sales at Breeze Botanicals.
Copyright KOBI-TV. All rights reserved unless otherwise stated. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed without written permission.


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Jenson Button reckons he was caught out by the cooler temperatures after failing to make it into Q3 in Abu Dhabi...
Jenson Button reckons he was caught out by the cooler temperatures after failing to make it into Q3 in Abu Dhabi.
Although Button was sixth quickest in Saturday's final practice, that took place on a track that reached a maximum temperature of 47'C.
And that was in stark contrast to the temperatures in qualifying which were in the mid 30s.
On the cooler track, the McLaren driver failed to repeat his earlier form and finished down in 13th place.
"It was a puzzling session," he said.
"I think we struggled to get the tyres working because of the cooler temperatures - I had to take so much rear wing off to try to help balance the car, but it wasn't enough. We were maxed-out on the front wing, too.
"There wasn't anything else I could have done with the car to help the front end, since we were already running very low downforce on the rear - as could be seen by our straightline speeds.
"It's quite frustrating, because in FP3 this afternoon we looked really promising - sixth-quickest - and the car felt very good."
Related Links
Webber Pips Vettel To Pole In Abu Dhabi
Saturday's Gallery From Abu Dhabi


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2012 Carlisle All Ford Nationals, Shelby World Record Meet« Back to Article
Article Summary
The largest and most thrilling All-Ford event in the world took place this weekend. Ford, Mercury, Lincoln fans showcased over 2,200 vehicles that was spread over a huge field. This year was special at the 2012 All Ford Nationals Meet, a Guiness Book of World Records was set for Shelby Automobiles.« Back to 2012 Carlisle All Ford Nationals, Shelby World Record Meet


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Well since I have to start a new thread to keep everyone updated on Ezio's party, I shall here
Same Rules guys NO DRUGS, NO ALCHOL, AND NO LEWD OR ILLEGAL BEHAVIOR.
Out of courtosy please keep our hotel room semi clean =) and when we know our hotel room on the thursday before, it will be posted here.
Feel free to bring extra snacks and beverages so that we may feast like kings!
Expect to make friends and have a great time! Any questions or you wanna bring something send me a message. Thankies


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Solway Plain campaigners fight nuclear dump threat
Last updated at 15:13, Friday, 02 November 2012
A group has been set up to fight what it fears is a plan to build a nuclear waste dump on the Solway Plain.
Solway Plain Against Nuclear Dump (Spand) was formed after more than 50 people attended an Allerdale council meeting seeking answers about the West Cumbria Managing Radioactive Waste Safely project.
It is holding public meetings and drop-in sessions to raise public awareness and has launched a petition against the dump.
Cumbria County Council, Allerdale council, Copeland council and other bodies have spent four years investigating the possibility of West Cumbria hosting an underground repository for high-level radioactive waste.
Twenty-five per cent of West Cumbria has already been ruled out as geologically unsuitable.
Although councillors have emphasised that no specific sites are being considered at this stage, campaigners believe they are looking at the Solway Plain.
Research by geologist Professor David Smythe has suggested that the most likely location would be in an area of rock strata known as Mercia Mudstone, in north Allerdale.
But he has raised concerns that the rock type, along with the rest of West Cumbria's geology, is not suitable.
A map based on his findings suggests that could mean an underground repository covering an area slightly inland from Silloth and Skinburness, taking in Calvo, Blackdyke, Sea Dyke End, Causewayhead, Hayrigg, Kingside Hill and Abbey Cowper.
The anticipated footprint ranges from 2.32 square miles to 8.88 square miles.
The entrance tunnel could be up to 10km to allow a suitable slope for access.
A core opposition group of 16 people was formed, which has now attracted nearly 100 volunteers, following concern about Allerdale council's approach on the matter.
Chris Graham, of Eastcote Farm, Silloth, said: "We decided that we had to do something because Allerdale council was definitely not going to do anything.
"We are not an anti-nuclear group. We understand the need for nuclear now and in the future and that we need to do something with the waste.
"Nowhere in any of the consultations had it been said that one of the proposed locations was going to be the Solway Plain.
"Other areas in the country have more suitable geology but they're being allowed not to have it.
"We have a responsibility to future generations."
Kath Ostell, of Skinburness Road, Silloth, said: "It's down to the safety of the geology.
"If this repository goes ahead it won't just affect Cumbria; it will be nationwide and ultimately worldwide."
Spand members do not believe the councils' assurances and attended a meeting in Cockermouth to hear more from Prof Smythe.
Spand's inaugural public meeting on October 3 attracted more than 200 people.
Since then it has produced information leaflets, posters, a website and held drop-in events.
Kath added: "It was obvious that most of Silloth knew nothing about it."
A petition against the dump has been set up on the Government's website and in local shops.
Further public meetings will be held on November 21 at The Wave Centre in Maryport and on November 22 at Solway Community School, both at 7pm, with Prof Smythe and Prof Stuart Haszeldine, who has also provided information to objectors.
County council leader Eddie Martin applauded Spand's efforts, calling it "democracy in action".
He added: "It is most important to stress that we are certainly not planning to build a waste repository or even to give permission to build one.
"The question is whether we are prepared to allow a desktop study of the area to take place."
The three councils have deferred their decision on whether to proceed to the next stage while they seek clarification about a host of issues. They are due to decide on January 30.
First published at 15:11, Friday, 02 November 2012
Published by http://www.timesandstar.co.uk
Have your say
The government is desperate for a "solution" ...Cumbria's only chance of preventing a nuclear dump is for movers and shakers to stop faffing trying to please government and start OPPOSING. Wherever the dump would be is close to EVERYWHERE In Cumbria, try drawing a 25km square on a map of Cumbria and see for yourself. More people power to SILLOTH, KESWICK WORKINGTON , COCKERMOUTH, KENDAL...http://www.ipetitions.com/petition/save-lakeland-no-nukiller-dump/
I suspose these people would love to see Sellafield close down as well, which in my opinion would kill west cumbria off. The fact is, if it was not for the nuclear industry west cumbrian would be a dump and on the whole a ghost town.
We need the N-Dump, it will create jobs for the next 100 years and will help our local economy
View all 5 comments on this article


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Bing, bang... you're done!
Seemingly small inconveniences burn up hours of productivity. Like having to look for your carpenter's pencil every time you take a measurement. Or patting every pocket until you finally find that dang disappearing multi-tool. This Double Barrel Pouch gives you a consistent place to put small tools, pencils, utility knife, mini-flashlight and more. It's light and compact, yet extremely tough, thanks to 1200-denier polyester canvas construction. Metal clip slides easily onto belts up to 2" wide, and fits utility loops on Duluth Trading work pants.
REVIEW SNAPSHOT®by PowerReviews
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Reviewed by 5 customers
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Best Uses
I tried to use this pouch for small tools that I use frequently but they fall out too easily. Its a little too bulky.
Best Uses
As a Wastewater Treatment Operator, I regularily use a pen, marker, utility knife, and flashlight to perform daily tasks, and this product holds all of these in one convenient and handy place on my belt loop. The two inner pockets that hold items could use top elastic bands so there is a less likely chance of them falling or slipping out when bending or crouching. The metal belt clip is formed tight and makes it difficult to put on my thick 2" Dulth Trading belt; would prefer a fabric loop that my belt would slide through. Overall though, I'm glad to have this multi-holder at my side.
Best Uses
Well for starters I build semi trailers so it seems I never have enough hands or pockets! This product keeps my flashlight markers and misc. things I need for odd tasks I may be doing! The elastic loops are very tight and allows me to keep my sharpie upside down and doesn't fall out. And the material has handled weld slag without burning it's tough and comfortable a very solid buy!
The only thing I would like to see on this accessory would be a clip to hold a measuring tape!
Best Uses
Keep tools and pens from bunching up in pocket.
Best Uses
I bought this to hold pens on the cockpit of our airplane. Attached velcro to the back and just put it on..... perfect for this purpose and holds a flash light and batteries for our headsets too !!
Double Barrel Tool Sheath
Item: 18547


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Interpretive Handbook
9095 :
Unstable Hemoglobin, Blood
Clinical Information Discusses physiology, pathophysiology, and general clinical aspects, as they relate to a laboratory test
Unstable hemoglobin disease is rare and may be caused by any 1 of a large number of hemoglobin variants. They are inherited as an autosomal dominant trait. The severity of the disease varies according to the hemoglobin variant; there may be no clinical symptoms or the disease may produce a mild, moderate, or severe hemolytic anemia.
The stained peripheral blood smear shows anisocytosis, poikilocytosis, basophilic stippling, polychromasia and, sometimes, hypochromia. The reticulocyte count may be increased. Splenomegaly and Heinz bodies may also be present.
Useful For Suggests clinical disorders or settings where the test may be helpful
Work-up of congenital hemolytic anemias
Interpretation Provides information to assist in interpretation of the test results
An abnormal or unstable result is indicative of a hemoglobin variant present. Other confirmatory tests should be performed to identify the hemoglobinopathy (HBELC / Hemoglobin Electrophoresis Cascade, Blood).
Cautions Discusses conditions that may cause diagnostic confusion, including improper specimen collection and handling, inappropriate test selection, and interfering substances
False positives will be obtained in blood specimens containing >5% fetal hemoglobin or in specimens >1 week old.
Reference Values Describes reference intervals and additional information for interpretation of test results. May include intervals based on age and sex when appropriate. Intervals are Mayo-derived, unless otherwise designated. If an interpretive report is provided, the reference value field will state this.
Normal (reported as normal [stable] or abnormal [unstable])
Clinical References Provides recommendations for further in-depth reading of a clinical nature
Hoyer JD, Hoffman DR: The thalassemia and hemoglobinopathy syndromes. In Clinical Laboratory Medicine. Second edition. Edited by KD McMlatchey. Philadelphia, Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, 2002, pp 866-895


text: I've gotten this attitude lately, which I wan't to lose again ofcourse, I can have several dreams in one "sleep". This is mostly occuring when I'm somewhat more relaxed though. I have my first dream during the majority of the night, after that when it's morning and don't want to get up, I can put myself into a lucid dream. SEVERAL times, I just got back to sleep and live the wildest dreams I want, this however makes some days really short, I've been capable of sleeping 20 hours straight this way, going from one adventure to another one. I do however not like it anymore xD Since it messes up my whole day if I let it happen :/


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Menu Font Size
Erythema nodosum is an inflammatory disorder that involves tender, red bumps (nodules) under the skin.
In about half of cases, the exact cause of erythema nodosum is unknown. Some cases may occur with:
Other disorders linked to this condition include leukemia, lymphoma, sarcoidosis, rheumatic fever, Bechet's disease, and ulcerative colitis.
The condition is more common in women than it is in men.
Erythema nodosum is most common on the shins, but it may also occur on other areas of the body (buttocks, calves, ankles, thighs, and arms).
The lesions begin as flat, firm, hot, red, painful lumps approximately an inch across. Within a few days they may become purplish, then over several weeks fade to a brownish, flat patch.
Other symptoms may include:
The red and inflamed skin symptoms may regress to a bruise-like appearance.
Your doctor can diagnose this condition by looking at your skin. Tests that may be done include:
The underlying infection, drug, or disease should be identified and treated.
Treatment may include:
Erythema nodosum is uncomfortable, but it is usually not dangerous.
Symptoms usually go away within about 6 weeks, but may return.
Call for an appointment with your health care provider if you develop symptoms of erythema nodosum.
Schwartz RA, Nervi SJ. Erythema nodosum: a sign of systemic disease. Am Fam Physician. 2007;75(5):695-700.
A.D.A.M., Inc. is accredited by URAC, also known as the American Accreditation HealthCare Commission (www.urac.org). URAC's accreditation program is an independent audit to verify that A.D.A.M. follows rigorous standards of quality and accountability. A.D.A.M. is among the first to achieve this important distinction for online health information and services. Learn more about A.D.A.M.'s editorial policy, editorial process and privacy policy. A.D.A.M. is also a founding member of Hi-Ethics and subscribes to the principles of the Health on the Net Foundation (www.hon.ch).
The information provided herein should not be used during any medical emergency or for the diagnosis or treatment of any medical condition. A licensed physician should be consulted for diagnosis and treatment of any and all medical conditions. Call 911 for all medical emergencies. Links to other sites are provided for information only - they do not constitute endorsements of those other sites. Copyright 2009 A.D.A.M., Inc. Any duplication or distribution of the information contained herein is strictly prohibited.
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Just in case you haven't been to the gdgo.org site lately:
The following positions are up for election this year. All voting members may nominate another member or themselves by adding a comment to this post on the gdgo.org site. Comments will remain hidden.
Office / Nominee
President / Vicki Jacob (Incumbant)
Vice President / Ed Jacob (Incumbant)
Secretary / Karen Prandy
Treasurer / Steve Adams (Incumbant)
Voting will occur between 15 and 30 December.


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(based on 2 reviews)
Ratings Distribution
5 Stars
4 Stars
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Reviewed by 2 customers
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(1 of 1 customers found this review helpful)
"This is what you need in a snow glove"
By Tezzy
from Denver, CO
About Me Comfort-oriented, High-end shopper, Stylish, Trendy
Best Uses
Comments about Hestra Ski Cross Gloves:
I've been living in CO for a number of years and actively enjoy getting up to the mountains to ski/snowboard. My first couple seasons were great but I noticed the first part of my body to get cold were my fingers. I was constantly sitting on my hands and/or blowing warm air on them during the bitterly cold trips up the ski lift. I finally went and bought a liner which seemed to alleviate the issue but still wasn't overly satisfied with the warmth of my glove. I researched the Hestra Ski Glove and the rest is history. I'm beyond excited for this upcoming season knowing my hands are going to be the least of my problems! I definitely recommend this product to anyone who likes to make the most out of their ski days and enjoy what the mountains have to offer.
Was this review helpful? Yes / No
- You may also flag this review
I'll always keep a pair of these around
By La
from Vail, CO
Love these gloves. They actually keep my hands warm when they are always cold.
Bottom Line Yes, I would recommend this to a friend


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If you can dream it, you can do it. -Walt Disney
Quality is a great business plan. -John Lasseter
Let's make some funny pictures. -Tex Avery
I never considered a difference of opinion in politics, in religion, in philosophy, as cause for withdrawing from a friend. -Howard Zinn
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And what do you benefit if you gain the whole world but lose your own soul? -Jesus
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What's most important in animation is the emotions and the ideas being portrayed. -Ralph Bakshi
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Beginner Animator...advice?
Share your views on the state of the Animation Industry.
3 posts • Page 1 of 1
Beginner Animator...advice?
Hello AN. Im new here and this is my first post. To know a little about me I'm 19 (20 next week) I'm from New Jersey but am about to move to Texas and attened Sam Houston and study animation. When it comes to animation I am a complete n00b. I feel very far behind as i see most people start animation when they are about 14 years old. I feel when i get to school everyone in class will be far ahead. The reason i chose animation is because i am an artist and i want to express my ideas through animation .i know as soon as i learn my ideas will be awesome its someting i really really want to do. Im more into 3D btw but knowing both 2d and 3d would be nice.
I have anxiety problems so my worries always feel bigger then they actually are. I joined this site so i may get advice (eventually also give advise) on where to start and what to practice just so im not entering school knowing nothing. So far i have downloaded Blender but i havve no clue where to even begin there so i am reading tutorials but its still all confusing but ill keep reading.
While i am reading i still practice my art everday on things such as anatomy and balance and overall style. So the art aspect is not a problem so much as understanding all these program out there.
Thank you for taking your time to read this and i apologize for any typos and so many lower case "i"s i am typing on a tablet and this touchscreen could be a pain.
Re: Beginner Animator...advice?
Welcome to AN Vera. Thanks for checking in.
My advice would be to first of all don't worry or stress about it. If you are looking to study animation then approach it with sincerity and in a spirit of fun and curiosity. Don't be concerned about others or where they're at right now. Focus on yourself and learn from those around you. Don't be intimidated by what you may not know or by comparing yourself to others. Imagine how much faster you'll learn in an atmosphere where you can pick up something new just by watching what the guy next to you can do.
Be creatively productive every day! I've seen students come from nowhere, from literally the back of the pack and go on to great things because they were hungry to learn, create and excel.
So relax and have a good time with it all. Make friends and join teams that have projects going. If after a while you feel that it's not right for you then move on to something else. There's lots of different areas to apply your art and your talent and skills. Talent isn't limited to animation. Have a good attitude and look at the positive side of things. Develop a problem solving approach. When you encounter adversity you'll be better prepared to deal with it.
Good luck and again, have fun! Put your anxiety in a box and toss it overboard. Go with your gut feelings and use our head. Be confident in the decisions you make. Once you've made that decision and are on the path walk it with confidence. Be true to yourself at all times.
Best wishes in all you do!
Remember no matter where you are in life to Keep Creating!
Daily Z
Stick With It & Follow Your Heart...
Charles is right, Vera. =)
I have Tourette Syndrome and one of the byproducts of that is overanalyzing and worrying. It used to be a real issue for me, but great friends and mentors of mine like Charles, my parents, and others have helped me to realize (with time) that worrying about things solves nothing. In fact, it almost always makes things worse because our ideas about reality are usually much bigger and badder than reality itself, and the true reality is that there's very rarely anything worth fearing at all.
You are not behind. I did not start pursuing animation professionally until I was about your age - now I've worked on The Simpsons as a character layout artist and animator for nearly seven years. It took a lot of time, sacrifice, and hard work to break in, but it was ALL fun and fulfilling because I was doing what I loved, what I wanted, and what made my happy! When that's the case, the hard work always pays off and is worth your while.
I just posted some advice to another young animation student here on AN - if you'd like to check out that thread and hear what Charles and I had to say, it's here:
I also just recorded a four-part interview with the animator behind Eek The Cat, Shnookums & Meat, Mad Jack The Pirate, The Simpsons Tracy Ullman shorts, and the legendary Roger Rabbit theatrical cartoons, Mr. Bill Kopp. It really inspired me and reminded my why I got into animation in the first place! Here is Part 1:
To get Parts 2, 3, and 4 you can sign up for my FREE newsletter and check out the independent project I'm doing outside of the studio market at the links below. I hope this stuff helps you, Vera! =) Stay true to yourself, never give up, keep creating, and always...
Follow Your Heart,
http://eepurl.com/ue5xb (Get My Newsletter)
http://www.HesLittleBilly.com (My Independent Project)
http://www.UnitedWeBrand.org (The iMovement For Artists)
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Read Snoop Lion's 'No Guns Allowed' Essay (EXCLUSIVE)
As I write this, my television screen is full of violent and disturbing images from last week's Boston Marathon bombing.
These images of heartbreak, fear, and panic have become way too common and so have the cases of individuals committing senseless acts of violence and parents losing their innocent children.
Right now


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Alissa Horowitz, the spawn of a dancer–artist duo, was raised free–spirited and surrounded by art. As a modern dancer living in NYC, she teaches dance to the kiddies, and in the past has worked in arts publicity. Alissa lived in Madurai, India for four months, where she studied the Classical Indian dance form Bharata Natyam in the pandanallur style under the tutelage of Harsha Vardhini (whom she misses...a LOT). She performed a solo at the Sarveswarar Temple, Madurai, India, and thus became "the talk of the town" since it was unheard of, and thus a great honor, for a foreigner to perform in a temple.
Architecture, Fashion Design, Interior Design, International Film and Hollywood Film...
Fiction, Ballet, Modern and Contemporary Dance, Jazz and Tap Dance and Postmodern Dance...
[Above: COCo Dance Theatre, Photo by Julieta Cervantes]
Lewiston, Maine. It may seem an unlikely place to go to see some of the best performances of the year, but indeed every summer it becomes a hotspot for contemporary dance. At the Bates Dance Festival, the usually snow-capped Bates College quad melts to green, becoming fertile ground for dancers from all over the country and abroad to get together to learn, exchange, create, see great dance and have fun.
Headlining at Schaeffer Theater are performances by Monica Bill Barnes & Company (7/10), Doug Varone and Dancers (7/15, 7/17), COCo Dance Theatre (7/23-24) and AXIS Dance Company (7/30-31). It is quite a fabulous line-up. Monica Bill Barnes & Company, known for her quick-witted comicality, will perform "Another Parade," featuring music by James Brown, Tina Turner, Back and Elvis! Doug Varone and Dancers will grace the stage with "Lux" (my favorite!), "Castles" and excerpts from "Chapters from a Broken Novel," currently a work in progress. This summer will also be Varone's sixth creative residency at Bates since 1992. Cynthia Oliver's COCo Dance Theatre will present their newest multidisciplinary work, "Rigidigidim di Bamba: Ruptured Calypso," which explores Caribbean identities and has received a National Dance Project touring grant from the New England Foundation for the Arts. AXIS Dance Company, unparalleled in its groundbreaking work in physically integrated dance, will bring award-winning works by David Dorfman, Alex Ketley and Sonya Delwaide to Maine. There will also be a pre- and post-performance lecture series, "Inside Dance: Understanding Contemporary Dance," led by Boston dance writer Debra Cash.
Also at Schaeffer Theater, the "Different Voices" concerts showcase choreography by established and emerging artists from around the globe. This year's artists include Claudia Lavista and Omar Carrum (of Delfos Danza Contemporanea, Mexico), Paniabra Gabriel Canda (Mozambique), Shiferaw Tarikou (Ethiopia), Deborah Goffe (Hartford, Conn) and Helen Simoneau (Quebec).
Besides performances at Schaeffer Theater, the festival also offers a number of events at various venues around campus. The "Musician's Concert" features 10 incredible composers and musicians (and happens to be one of my favorite events year after year). To end the season, the "Festival Finale" comprises work by Foley, Young, Mejia and Lavista set on festival dancers, as well as a performance by participants of the festival's Youth Arts Program, a unique program for local children of all ages.
Also on the agenda are a number of free events, including lecture demonstrations by Barnes, Varone and AXIS, a panel discussion with visiting international artists titled "Global Exchange: Sharing Across Cultures," "Moving in the Moment," and a Dance and Media Video Talk. "Moving in the Moment," (another personal favorite of mine), features a night of improvised dancing organized by Chris Aiken and the festival faculty on August 3rd.
For more details and ticket information, please visit the festival's website at www.batesdancefestival.org
Special News!Having hosted choreographers from South Africa for sixteen years, Laura Faure, festival director, travelled to Johannesburg, South Africa this March for the FNB Dance Umbrella Festival. She shares some amazing insights on the festival's blog at http://bdfblog.org/
[Above: AXIS Dance Company, Photo by Margot Hartford]
I was able to attend two films as part of the New York City Dance on Camera Festival last week at the Walter Reade Theatre at Lincoln Center.
Two nights, two documentaries on contemporary dance, two very different, yet equally effective, approaches to the genre.
[above: "Un peu de tendresse bordel de merde!," Dave St. Pierre]
The first, "Urban Ballet" (Brigitte Kramer and Jorg Jashel), was quite beautiful and was shot in Germany at the Tanz im August Berlin International Dance Festival. Perfectly edited with just the right amount of footage from interviews with the artists, the film focused on these artists works - whether it was in the streets, a train station, a warehouse studio, a lawn or the stage - thus allowing us to feel the spirit of this dance festival through viewing the dances created, workshopped and performed there. With dancing by the Dresden Semper Oper Ballett, Dave St. Pierre, Membros Cia de Danca, Akram Khan Company, Tecktonick, Hiroaki Umeda, Boris Charmatz, Meg Stuart & Jeremy Wade, Nasser Martin-Gousset, Les Slovaks Dance Collective, Olivier Dubois, Jefta van Dinter & Mette Ingvartsen, I was completely enthralled in the action. I was also happy to leave the theater with new dance artists to research on the web; I love discovering new artists and their work! Check out Dave St. Pierre - his naked frolicking men with blonde wigs (shot outdoors) and his interpretation of Afternoon of a Faun (on the stage) both made me laugh harder than I have in awhile. Well executed humor can only come from brilliance. I also really enjoyed the interviews with the members of Les Slovaks Dance Collective, as well as their novel way of interacting and navigating space. Their site-specific work shown in the film looked like five dancers in individual improvisations and also like a completely organized and architectural work for five dancers both at the same time - I didn't know that was possible! I also loved... ok, I must stop myself here, I liked almost everything I saw... [I've included some videos below for your viewing pleasure. They are not clips from "Urban Ballet" but work by the artists shown in the film.]
[above: "what it looks like, what it feels like," Beth Gill]
My next night at Walter Reade I saw another documentary, "New York Dance: States of Performance," in which Michael Blackwood used a very different approach than Kramer and Jashel. The film shifted from interview to interview with current contemporary choreographers living in New York. Footage from performances and rehearsals seemed almost secondary, the main goal being to have the artists followed - Christopher Wheeldon, Jennifer Monson, Sara Michelson, John Jasperse, Ralph Lemon, Beth Gill and Ann Liv Young - communicate their views on dance, dance making and performance. The film, curated by dance critic Gia Kourlas, portrayed a wide range of aesthetic preference, from Jennifer Monson's site-specific improvisations, to Beth Gill's discussion on stripping down movement, to clips of Ann Liv Young dancing pregnant (and naked) in rehearsal for her fantastically absurd Snow White. I won't say any more, you have to find a way to see it for yourself (although in the post-show Q&A it seemed sketchy as to when and how such future viewings will be possible). This was not Michael Blackwood's first foray into the New York dance scene, but was actually his third film about post (or post post) modern dance. Although I have not seen the other two films yet (I certainly plan on it), I have a feeling they would compose a wonderful trilogy. [Check out videos of some of the works shown in "New York Dance" at the bottom of this post.]
[above: "Rapture," Noemie Lafrance]
Back now to my first night at Walter Reade. In the same program as "Urban Ballet," four short dance films were also shown, and I must confess, they were actually what drew me into the theater in the first place. I have become very much obsessed with dances made specifically for the purpose of being filmed. The idea of dancing for no one but instead for a camera, where the "performance" up in front of people comes later, may seem alien to a dancer used to connecting with a live audience. Yet it opens up a whole new range of possibilities, a plethora of ways to convey a specific point of view filtered through your lens. It is purely your vision. What the viewer sees at any given time is a controlled substance, even more controlled than what you may choose to put up on the stage. On film, you can show the viewer the little things - a close-up on the dancer's ankle, or the movements of her eye - at just the right times. You choose the angle, and it is this power of vantage point that has become so appealing.
But I digress.
So, after "Urban Dance" I saw four short dance films. Each, in less than 10 minutes, gave us a peek into a world with a life all its own. In "Chamame" (Silvina Szperling, Argentina, 2008), a spoken narrative reminiscent of Marquez's magical realism took us on a visual, and visceral, bedtime fantasy story-like adventure...with dance...and a lot of water...and a fisherman. Very Imaginative. Like a free-write, but for film. On the other hand, the second film, "Rapture" (Noemie Lafrance, USA 2009), had no narrative. To me, not only did it capture a ground-breaking work on film, but also served to show that dance really has no limits. Shot in black and white, the film consisted of footage from a site-specific work of the same name that was performed on the top of the metallic and uneven landscape of the Fisher Center's rooftop at Bard College. Dancers in harnesses and only sky -a dance for thrill seekers. Then "Chloes" (Lea Fulton and Greg King, USA 2009), portrayed two white-clad sirens at a bus stop in Brooklyn. The close-ups were gorgeous, showing the dancers' alternate feelings of inhabiting and un-inhabiting this place. They are there and they are elsewhere. The film was set to an emotion-packed musical track, but I have to say, I would love to see the same video played again in silence. To me, the images hold more weight. Last but not least was "Three's A Crowd" (Andy Wood, UK 2007), a duet shot in one continuous take - an interesting challenge. With only the sound of the gravel under the dancers' feet, their breathing, the sunlight coming through the buildings, we are transported to this place. It was a moving snapshot of a playful afternoon and I dug it. Sign me up.
Another great line-up of works-in-progress tonight, February 1st, at Judson Church:
Launch Movement Experiment, Tina Croll, Katie Workum
Not familiar with these artists? Check out the videos below to see clips of their choreography.
The Judson Memorial Church is located at 55 Washington Square South, NY, NY.
Doors open at 7:45pm for an 8pm show. Admission is free!
See you there!
This coming week, I am excited to check out the Dance On Camera Festival 2010.
Starting this week there are some free events at various venues, including a night of shorts at Judson Memorial Church presented by Movement Research tonight, January 26th, at 7pm. Also tonight, "The Haitian Footage: Maya Deren Unedited" will be shown at the Anthology Film Archives on 2nd Avenue at 7:30pm. All proceeds will be donated to the American Red Cross in light of the recent crisis in Haiti. Read more about the program by clicking HERE.
The main thrust of the festival will run from January 29-February 2, when there will be a series of films presented at the Walter Reade Theatre at Lincoln Center. From documentaries honoring monumental artists such as Nikolais, to dance shorts from America and abroad, there is something for everyone, so come get your fill of dance on the screen. Look out for the World Premiere of Michael Blackwood's "NEW YORK DANCE: States of Performance" (February 2 at 8:30pm), which looks at new trends in modern dance. Curated by dance critic Gia Kourlas, the film features choreographers Christopher Wheeldon, Jennifer Monson, Sara Michelson, John Jasperse, Ralph Lemon, Beth Gill and Ann Liv Young.
See the full schedule for the Walter Reade Theatre and view preview clips by clicking HERE.
A few words about the festival: "Co-sponsored by The Film Society of Lincoln Center since 1996, Movement Research since 2008, TenduTv and Mark Morris Dance Center since 2010, Dance On Camera Festival (DOCF) celebrates the immediacy, energy, and mystery of dance as combined with the intimacy of film. Festival 2010 will include a tribute to Alwin Nikolais as part of a year long centennial celebration across the country in his honor."
Also of interest: The Dance On Camera BLOG
Applications for the 2010 Bates Dance Festival are now online!
The Professional Training Program runs from July 17th-August 8th, and offers a great line-up of classes taught by great artists and accompanied by amazing live musicians! There are also fabulous performances throughout the 3-week program.
I've been to the festival twice already. It is so much fun to "go on vacation" to dance heaven. Unlike other large summer dance festivals, Bates is a smaller program focused on collaboration and community without sacrificing high quality instruction.
There are also scholarships and internships available!!
Also, check out their youtube page for more videos!
Jerome Robbins on NYCB site
Directing Credits
About Fosse from PBS
Savion Glover Mixes It Up
Horowitz in San Francisco
Current exhibition in San Francisco
Marcia Gay Harden's Short List
Marcia Gay Harden on Larry Horowitz
John Jasperse Company Blog
After Lloyd's Bio there is a list of links to interviews with Lloyd.
An Unfinished Memoir
In conversation
"Chaos and Order: Improvisation Taken to the Limit," Steve Paxton in Conversation with Aat Hougee
© 2006-2009 Art and Culture Inc. All rights reserved.
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About LIM College
POP Goes LIM College
Students dress the part for their final presentations in new Arts & Communications elective course
At the conclusion of the semester, students in Professor Amanda Hallay's Pop Century course (which is a history of popular music in the postwar era) formed into groups for their final presentations and each group was required to research and then teach a class on a musical genre not already covered in the course.
And to demonstrate their understanding of the symbiotic relationship between popular music and fashion, students also had to dress in a style that reflected the genre they were teaching.
"The presentations were amazing," said Professor Hallay, "as were the outfits. I learned so much!"
Heavy Metal and Progressive Rock
The Heavy Metal and Progressive Rock group handled their subject with humor, and showed up in class looking like extras in 'Spinal Tap' with leather jackets, Pink Floyd and Metallica t-shirts and (in the case of Stevie Lynn) a big, 'Hair Band' hair-do.
Taking the class from Heavy Metal's origins in the industrial city of Birmingham, U.K to the Death Metal (and Christian Metal) of today, the class may not have been crazy about the actual music, but enjoyed the informative and spirited presentation. The group started a lively class discussion as to how gender-specific Progressive Rock actually is, with everyone concluding that Yes and Pink Floyd offered 'music that only boys can enjoy.'
Country and Western
The Country and Western (C&W) group required two class periods to cover the complicated history and sub-genres of C&W, and looked as if they'd just ridden in from Nashville in their denim and flannel shirts. Taking their classmates from early Western Swing through to Country's relationship with early Rock n' Roll and – ultimately – to today's Contemporary Country, the group did a spectacular job at untangling a complex genre.
Bossa Nova and Tropicalia
The Bossa Nova and Tropicalia group took the class to the heart of Brazil with their exhaustive research on Brazilian music of the 1960s – and their psychedelic tropical attire. From the smooth lounge style of Bossa Nova to the weird, highly politicized psychedelia of the Tropicalia movement, the group told the class how much they had come to admire the incredibly brave, young musicians of Tropicalia, some of whom were actually imprisoned and tortured by Brazil's military dictatorship for performing their 'subversive' music.
Reggae and Caribbean
Annysia and Imondre handled Reggae and Caribbean music as a duo, and on a chilly, rainy Thursday, transported the class to the balmy beaches of Jamaica. Everyone thought they knew about reggae until Annysia and Imondre broke the complicated genre down, explaining the difference between Dub, Old School and Dance Hall, with Annysia giving the class a thorough mini-history of Jamaican political history to explain the genre's relationship to politics. Imondre handled the other main Caribbean musical export (Calypso), and they both looked great in their red, green and gold attire and Jamaica t-shirts.
Hip-Hop and Rap
The Hip-Hop and Rap group got their ghetto on with hoodies, gold chains, and a LOT of 'attitude,' taking the class from the highly politicized rap of the late 1970s through to today's Gangsta Rap, explaining in detail the evolution of the genre and the meaning behind rap's oft-hermetic lyrics. They also covered different styles in deejaying, sampling and 'scratching.'
Coming to class in colorful techno gear, glo-stick jewelry, and A-Ha t-shirts (kindly on loan from staff member Cheryl Szakach), the group did an excellent job explaining Europe's place in the history of Pop, taking the class from the French 'chanson' of Edith Piaf and Charles Trenet through to French music luminaries such as Jacques Brell and Serge Gainsbourg, and then exploring the influence of Swedish pop (from ABBA to A-Ha, and from Aqua to The A-Teens), stopping off to examine the 'rave and techno' movement that originated in Europe and then swept the world.
"It was a fabulous end to the first semester of Pop Century said Professor Hallay. Other highlights of the semester included a special guest lecture by Eric Schmeltzer, political analyst, CEO of Schmeltzer PR, and Fox News regular, who explained the relationship between politics and pop from Roosevelt's first campaign to our upcoming election.
"Teaching this class for the first time made me really understand how important music is. It is the perfect reflection of the culture that listens to it, and – as such – helps us understand the relationship between what people listen to and what they like to wear," said Professor Hallay.
"So many fashion concepts – such as 'punk' or 'grunge' – were born of musical movements, and how can we truly understand these concepts in fashion unless we first understand the music that inspired them?" she continued.
Throughout the semester, the class enjoyed learning about genres of music they were unfamiliar with and exploring their relationship to culture, politics, art, and fashion – yet the final presentations were Professor Hallay's favorite part of the course, especially the costume aspect.
"I like all genres of music, so I didn't dress up", said Professor Hallay. "Although I did steal a glo-stick bracelet from the Europop group."


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The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
500 Fifth St. N.W. | Washington, D.C. 20001
Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
Terms of Use and Privacy Statement
Peshkin, D G, Zimmerman, K A, Hoerner, T E, Transportation Research Board "Case Study #4 - North Carolina."
NCHRP Report 523: Optimal Timing of Pavement Preventive Maintenance Treatment Applications.
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Expressive Activity Policy
Missouri State University is committed to providing an environment where issues can be openly discussed and explored. The freedom to exchange views is essential to the mission of the University. This policy is in place to provide a community environment in which open discussion can occur without disrupting the academic mission or daily University functions, subject to constitutional time, place, and manner limitations and without unconstitutionally interfering with the rights of other members of the University community.
Members of the University community
All members of the Missouri State University community, which includes students, faculty, and staff, are encouraged to exercise the right of assembly, free speech and expression throughout the campus, when doing so does not disrupt the academic mission or daily University functions. Expressive activities will not be limited to any specific location on the University campus. However, the right of assembly and expression does not include unlawful activity that endangers the safety of the campus community or that destroys University property. Forums, rallies, demonstrations, and other similar expressive activities are also not to occur within academic or other University buildings including University residence halls and apartments, or Greenwood Laboratory School. Expressive activities are not to unduly disrupt traffic, either vehicular or pedestrian or violate other time, place and manner parameters specified in this policy.
The Bear Paw, located in the North Mall, is a location that was constructed for forums, rallies, demonstrations, and other similar limited public forum activities. While members of the University community are not restricted to the Bear Paw for expressive activities, any member of the University community may use the Bear Paw without prior reservation on a first come, first served basis. The Bear Paw may also be reserved through the Event and Meeting Services Office (417-836-5653). Organizations or individuals who reserve the Bear Paw have priority.
Members of the University community may also reserve other locations on campus for expressive activities through Event and Meeting Services. To ensure priority use and to avoid possible conflict with scheduled University activities, reservations are recommended but are not required. Amplification equipment shall be limited to activities held at the Bear Paw.
External groups and individuals (for non-commercial expressive activities)
Any non-University individual or group is welcome to share an opinion or viewpoint with the University community. Access for public forums is provided on the city sidewalks that run parallel to the city streets that surround and cross the campus, subject to relevant city ordinances, state and federal law. A map* of public forum locations and city streets and sidewalks is available through the Event and Meeting Services Office and the Office of Safety and Transportation. Access is also provided at identified public forum locations.
Forums, rallies, demonstrations, and other similar expressive activities conducted by individuals and groups that are not members of the University community must be registered with the Office of Safety and Transportation (636 East Elm, phone 417-836-5509). The identified public forum locations are available for use or reservation by non-University individuals and groups. Access to the identified public forum locations is provided on a content neutral basis. Any denial of access will specify the reasons for which registration is denied, and offer an appeal procedure. The following time, place and manner parameters apply to public forum locations as well as to expressive activities of members of the University community in other locations.
Time, place and manner parameters
The following are parameters for the time, place, and manner of activities:
- The activity does not violate local ordinances or state or federal laws.
- The activity does not unduly disrupt traffic, either vehicular or pedestrian.
- The activity does not create unreasonable safety risks.
- There shall be no defacement or destruction to University property.
- Amplification equipment shall be limited to activity held at the Bear Paw.
- No event may exceed 8 hours in length in a 24 hour period.
- The location will be left in its original condition at the conclusion of the event, and reasonable charges or deposits may be imposed to enforce this requirement.
- Expression that is obscene, defamatory, or consists of fighting words, threats of physical harm, insightful of imminent lawless action or otherwise not entitled to protection as expression is not permitted.
Public forum locations
Public forum locations for individuals and groups which are not members of the University community include the following locations (other locations are identified in the Advertising, Distribution, Solicitation and Facilities Usage Policy for commercial activities). No amplification is permitted at these sites (except at the Bear Paw). These locations are made available on a content neutral basis subject to the defined time, place and manner parameters.
- The Bear Paw, located in the North Mall
- Trottier Plaza, located at the northwest entrance to Robert W. Plaster Stadium
- Strong Hall Amphitheater, located outside the east entrance to Strong Hall
Objections to expressive activities
The University recognizes that individuals or groups may be opposed to certain expressive activities or speakers. Disagreement with different opinions is acceptable; however, use of violence or violation of law or University policy is counter to creating an environment where issues can be openly discussed. An individual or group wishing to protest an event is subject to the same standards as the presenters. Individuals who choose to listen bear the responsibility of recognizing and honoring the right of free speech.
Response to violations
Violations of this policy by individuals who are not members of the University community may result in removal from campus, police arrest and criminal charges. Members of the University community are subject to judicial review and disciplinary sanctions. Students will be subject to procedures established in the Code of Student Rights and Responsibilities. Faculty and staff disciplinary procedures will be processed according to guidelines established in the Faculty Handbook and the Employee Handbook. Any police arrest and criminal charges of students, faculty, or staff are separate from University judicial review or disciplinary sanction.
Related policies
Related guidance for expressive activities is included in the University Advertising, Distribution, Solicitation and Facilities Usage Policy.


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