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Twilight Sparkle
this wiki
- For the premiere episodes of season four, see Princess Twilight Sparkle - Part 1 and Part 2.
| Twilight Sparkle
(Princess Twilight Sparkle)
Princess Twilight Sparkle – element of magic
Twilight Sparkle as a unicorn in A Canterlot Wedding - Part 1
Twilight Sparkle as a unicorn filly in A Canterlot Wedding - Part 1
Twilight Sparkle's human form in My Little Pony Equestria Girls
Twilight Sparkle's human counterpart in My Little Pony Equestria Girls: Rainbow Rocks
|Alicorn (S3E13 onward)
Unicorn (season 1 to 3)
Human (EG)
|Friendship Rainbow Kingdom castle, Ponyville (S4E26 onward)
Golden Oak Library, Ponyville (season 1 to 4)
Canterlot (S1E1)
Crystal Princess Palace (toy line)
|Ruler of the Friendship Rainbow Kingdom (Twilight's Kingdom - Part 2[1][2][3][4] onward)
Golden Oak Library librarian (season 1 to 4)
Princess Celestia's student (season 1 to 3)
Student at Celestia's School for Gifted Unicorns (formerly)
|Other links
|More info
|Moderate violet
| Moderate sapphire blue with moderate violet and brilliant rose streaks
Dark phthalo blue with moderate purple, brilliant rose, and pale, light grayish olive streaks (Rainbow Power)
| Pale, light grayish mulberry
Pale, light grayish orchid (as a human)
Light gambogeish gray (as a human in a non-Equestria Girls[5] image posted by the official European Spanish My Little Pony Facebook page)[6]
|Magic aura
| Pale, light grayish orchid (season 1)
Light brilliant raspberry (season 2 onward)
Black engulfed in a vivid violet haze with light brilliant green edges (when using dark magic)
Grayish cobalt blue (Friends Forever Issue #17 regular cover)
|Twilight, Twi, Twily/Twylie/Twilie, Twilight Flopple, Sis, Mare Do Well, Princess Twilight, Masked Matter-Horn, Twilight Twinkle, Midnight Sparkle (Equestria Girls app and toy), Sci-Twi (Equestria Girls app), Twily-Wily-Princess-Poo (comics), Tw (The Periodic Table of My Little Pony)
|Night Light (father)
Twilight Velvet (mother)
Shining Armor (older brother)
Princess Cadance (sister-in-law)
Princess Celestia (aunt-in-law)
Princess Luna (aunt-in-law)
Unnamed uncle
| Cutie mark
|Tara Strong (English)
Kira Buckland (English, My Little Pony: Power Ponies)[7]
Walah Asmah (Arabic)
Liu Ru-ping (Chinese[specify])
Silan Maria Budak Rasch (Danish)
Merel Burmeister (Dutch)
Henni-Liisa Stam (Finnish)
Claire Tefnin (European French)
Julia Meynen (German)
Talya Barkai (Hebrew)
Bea Vadász (Hungarian)
Emanuela Pacotto (Italian)
Miyuki Sawashiro (Japanese)[8]
Park Ji-yoon (Korean)
Cecilie Jørstad (Norwegian, season 1)
Tiril Heide-Steen (Norwegian, season 2)
Magdalena Krylik (Polish)
Bianca Alencar (Brazilian Portuguese)
Fernanda Bullara (Brazilian Portuguese, demo dub)
Solange Santos (European Portuguese)
Iulia Tohotan (Romanian)
Catinca Nistor (Romanian, Equestria Girls)
Olga Golovanova (Russian)
Milena Moravčević (Serbian)
Yolanda Gispert (European Spanish)
Carla Castañeda (Latin American Spanish)
Carolina Ayala (Latin American Spanish, S1E14 - S1E21)
Lina Hedlund (Swedish)
Berrak Kus (Turkish, episodes)
Berna Baser (Turkish movies)
Natalya Romanko (Ukrainian)
|Rebecca Shoichet (English)
Bori Csuha (Hungarian, season 1, S3E1-2, and films)
Bernadett Vágó (Hungarian, S3E13 and season 4)
Emanuela Pacotto (Italian)
Mônica Toniolo (Brazilian Portuguese, season 1 and Equestria Girls)
Luíza Porto (Brazilian Portuguese, season 4)
Ana Vieira (European Portuguese)
Development and design
Lauren Faust was inspired to create Twilight Sparkle by her childhood toy G1 pony Twilight.[9] Faust's early design of Twilight shared a similar color scheme and cutie mark with the G1 Twilight, who appears in the pilot episode "Rescue at Midnight Castle". Twilight Sparkle's color scheme was later changed to that of the G3 Earth pony Twilight Twinkle, with a slightly different mane and tail, but Lauren Faust said that Twilight originally had dark blue hair with a light blue stripe;[10] Twilight Sparkle was called "Twilight Twinkle" in early scripts for the show;[11] Moon Dancer refers to her by this name on one occasion in Amending Fences. G1 Twilight teleports by wishing, and Twilight Twinkle likes to watch fireflies; Twilight Sparkle shares aspects from both of these ponies, with her ability to teleport and her occasional stargazing. Though she is much more studious and possesses more powerful magical abilities, she also shares a number of personality traits with the G1 Pegasus Wind Whistler, such as her tendency to rely on logic rather than instincts and her habit of using more advanced and technical terms. She additionally shares some personality traits with the G1 pony named Bright Eyes.
In a 2008 sketch for the series bible, Twilight's cutie mark resembles those of Moon Dancer and earlier My Little Pony generations' Moondancer counterparts. Her name follows the same pattern as Sunset Shimmer, Starlight Glimmer, and Starbeam Twinkle.
Lauren Faust had planned for Twilight to acquire the power of self-levitation "at some point."[12] Following Faust's departure from the show, Twilight has used this power in the season three episodes The Crystal Empire - Part 2 and Magical Mystery Cure.As an Alicorn, Princess Twilight Sparkle is a little taller,[13] her neck is slightly more curved, and her horn is a bit longer than as a unicorn. Her title and name together are similar to those of G1 unicorn mare Princess Sparkle.
Depiction in the series
HistoryTwilight Sparkle lives in Canterlot until Princess Celestia sends her to Ponyville. Accompanied by Spike, Twilight checks the town's preparations for the Summer Sun Celebration and befriends the rest of the main characters. The celebration is interrupted when Nightmare Moon, Celestia's nemesis, returns to power and threatens to bring eternal night to Equestria. Twilight and her friends discover the Elements of Harmony and use them to defeat Nightmare Moon. Princess Celestia gives Twilight permission to remain in Ponyville to study the magic of friendship.
Throughout the series, Twilight learns about the trials and rewards of friendship, periodically sending friendship reports to Princess Celestia. On rare occasions, Twilight and her friends work together to defeat powerful villains such as Discord, Queen Chrysalis, King Sombra, and Lord Tirek.In Magical Mystery Cure, Twilight completes an ancient unfinished magic spell with her deep understanding of friendship. Princess Celestia tells Twilight that she is ready for the next stage of her life, and Twilight is transformed into an Alicorn and crowned a princess.
Princess Twilight Sparkle becomes the ruler of the Friendship Rainbow Kingdom in[2][3][4] the season four[1] episode Twilight's Kingdom - Part 2.
Cutie mark
Twilight tells the Cutie Mark Crusaders how she got her cutie mark in The Cutie Mark Chronicles. She says that when she was a filly, she studied magic on her own and wanted to attend Celestia's School for Gifted Unicorns. At the entrance exam, Twilight was told to use magic to hatch Spike's egg, but her magic got out of control when she was startled by Rainbow Dash's sonic rainboom. Princess Celestia witnessed Twilight's magical abilities and made Twilight her personal protégé.
Sociability and friendship
Twilight is first introduced in the series as being asocial. She politely refuses an invitation to Moon Dancer's get-together and later states that she and Spike "don't have time for that sort of thing." When Princess Celestia tells to oversee the arrangements of the Summer Sun Celebration in Ponyville and to try and make friends, Twilight is indifferent to the latter request. Over the course of the series premiere, however, Twilight comes to accept her new friendships and expresses a desire to stay with her new friends in Ponyville.
In Amending Fences, Twilight returns to Canterlot in an attempt to apologize to her former friends for her past actions. She succeeds with Twinkleshine, Lemon Hearts, and Minuette, but Moon Dancer coldly rebuffs the four mares. Minuette and Twilight compare Moon Dancer's behavior to the way Twilight used to act.
Love of books and knowledgeIn Friendship is Magic, part 1, Twinkleshine says Twilight is more interested in books than friends. Even after Twilight becomes good friends with the rest of the main characters, she continues to read and consult books. For example, she confidently joins a marathon after reading several books about running in Fall Weather Friends. She is also very knowledgeable about Equestria's history, as seen in such episodes as Luna Eclipsed and Testing Testing 1, 2, 3.
RationalityTwilight tries to be rational in unfamiliar situations. During the investigation in MMMystery on the Friendship Express, Twilight tells Pinkie Pie to stop making wild accusations, and they work together to find clues and solve the mystery.
However, Twilight can lose her cool under stress. In Swarm of the Century, she hysterically suggests building a replica of Ponyville in less than a minute before Princess Celestia can see the damage done by the parasprite infestation. In Lesson Zero, Twilight goes crazy in her attempt to write to Celestia about a friendship problem, to the point of deciding to create a problem herself. In The Crystal Empire - Part 1, she shows a desperate desire to pass a test that Celestia gives her.
Twilight tends to be skeptical of unproven claims, such as her friends' belief that Zecora is an evil enchantress in Bridle Gossip, and Pinkie's "Pinkie Sense" in Feeling Pinkie Keen.
In Party Pooped, Twilight displays an irrational fear of quesadillas.
OrganizationTwilight shows her knack for organization in Winter Wrap Up. When the Winter Wrap Up becomes inefficient and uncoordinated, she organizes the teams and ensures that winter is wrapped up on time. Mayor Mare gives Twilight the official title of "All-Team Organizer." Twilight also uses her organization skills in the episodes Lesson Zero, Secret of My Excess, and It's About Time.
TeachingIn the episode Twilight Time, Twilight takes time each week to teach the Cutie Mark Crusaders various skills. She attempts to teach Sweetie Belle to use the telekinetic component of her magic, Apple Bloom how to make botanic growth potions, and Scootaloo how to strip and reassemble various types of scooter and cycle. Twilight is overjoyed when she thinks the other classmates also want to learn new things, but she is disappointed when she finds out that they merely want to spend time with a local celebrity.
Twilight's ability as a teacher is proven in that she succeeds in teaching all three Crusaders the skills she intended to teach them. They all demonstrate a high degree of aptitude at the end of their lessons.Twilight attempts to teach Rainbow Dash the history of the Wonderbolts, but her methods of study prove futile when Rainbow Dash acts as a class clown in Testing Testing 1, 2, 3.
- This section is transcluded from the article magic. If you wish to edit this section, click here.
Twilight Sparkle is exceptionally talented at magic. In a flashback in The Cutie Mark Chronicles, Princess Celestia tells Twilight that she has never seen a unicorn with so much raw ability.
|Notable spells performed by Twilight
- When she casts a spell on the parasprites in Swarm of the Century so they won't eat food, they begin to consume items which aren't food, and subsequently destroy Ponyville.
- When she tries to assist with Winter Wrap Up by animating a plow with a "come-to-life" spell, she loses control of it and makes a mess.
- In The Return of Harmony Part 1, she tries to reverse Discord's strange effects with a "fail-safe spell," but it fails.
- In the episode Magic Duel, she has difficulty performing an age spell, which she says is only for "the highest level unicorns."
- Main article: Twilight Velvet and Night Light
Twilight Sparkle's mother resembles the notable G1 pony Twilight in My Little Pony Special, with her hair style similar to Twilight's. Twilight Sparkle's father resembles the G1 pony named Nightlight but gender-swapped.
Shining ArmorTwilight reveals that she has an older brother, Shining Armor, in A Canterlot Wedding - Part 1. She sings B.B.B.F.F. (Big Brother Best Friend Forever), a song about their close bond and how much she misses him after she moves to Ponyville. Shining Armor, though extremely busy with his duties around the Crystal Empire, still has time for his little sister, whom he calls "Twily".
Princess CadanceTwilight reveals that Princess Cadance was her foal-sitter when she was a filly. At the end of A Canterlot Wedding - Part 2, Twilight becomes Cadance's sister-in-law when the latter marries Shining Armor. Twilight enjoys spending time with Cadance as seen in Three's A Crowd when Cadance comes to visit her.
Hot air balloon
- Main article: Twinkling Balloon
Crowns, etc.
For the first three seasons of the show, Twilight possesses a crown containing the element of magic. She receives it in Friendship is Magic, part 2 when she defeats Nightmare Moon. The crown is studded with sapphires and a magenta star-shaped gem shaped like like Twilight's cutie mark.
After Twilight becomes a princess in Magical Mystery Cure, she wears a different crown with the element of magic embedded in it. It is a lighter shade of gold, no longer has sapphires, and rests horizontally, not vertically, on Twilight's head.
Twilight relinquishes her crown when she and her friends restore the Elements of Harmony to the Tree of Harmony in Princess Twilight Sparkle - Part 2. At the Summer Sun Celebration, she wears a new crown, which has the same shade of gold just like and looks completely different from her element of magic crown. It has more of a "classic" crown shape, with each point studded with a small magenta jewel. It becomes her regular crown for the rest of the season, as seen in Trade Ya!, Equestria Games, Twilight's Kingdom - Part 1, and Princess Spike.
The Twilicane, unnamed in the show but named in Enterplay's collectible card game, is given by Discord to Twilight in Princess Twilight Sparkle - Part 2 and is later dropped by Lemon Hearts in Slice of Life.
Depiction in films
My Little Pony Equestria GirlsIn My Little Pony Equestria Girls, Twilight and Spike teleport to a human world to retrieve the stolen element of magic from Sunset Shimmer. Twilight and Spike enter Canterlot High and meet the human counterparts of their Ponyville friends. When Twilight discovers that Principal Celestia will award the crown to the Princess of the Fall Formal dance, she decides to run for Princess. She wins, despite a smear campaign orchestrated by Sunset Shimmer, and receives the crown at the dance.
However, Sunset Shimmer takes the crown by force and transforms into a rage-filled demon. She hypnotizes the students, whom she plans to use as an army to invade Equestria. When she attacks Twilight, Twilight's friends shield her and inadvertently activate the magic of friendship. They defeat Sunset Shimmer, who is remorseful for her actions.
After the dance, Twilight and Spike return to Equestria. Twilight feels more confident about being a princess than before. She bumps into Flash Sentry, who she encountered several times in the human world, and blushes. Twilight's friends tease her for having a crush, but she denies it.
My Little Pony Equestria Girls: Rainbow Rocks
In the film, the reformed Sunset Shimmer uses a magical book to write a note to Princess Celestia that magically appears in a book in Celestia's library. When Twilight sees this book, she senses that her CHS friends need her help, so she and Spike go through a modified version of the Crystal Mirror to return to the human world.
Once there, Twilight is told of the situation at CHS while also revealing her new status back home in Equestria as the Princess of Friendship. Twilight learns that her human friends are still able to assume half-pony forms after she returned home with the Element of Magic. She attempts to take out the Dazzlings at the pre-Battle of the Bands party immediately, only to find the magic of friendship not working. Believing that they need a counter-spell song to counteract the Dazzlings' song, Twilight struggles to come up with one as the Rainbooms battle their way to the finals to buy Twilight more time.
When they are dropped into the basement of the amphitheater stage by Trixie and the Illusions, under encouragement from the Dazzlings, Twilight gives up hope, only to discover that the reason the magic of friendship never worked was because the Rainbooms had allowed a few minor suggestions that they could not agree upon to drive a rift into their friendships. That caused it to become warped into something the Dazzlings could feed upon to regain their powers, and render it powerless.Once the Rainbooms realize their error and make amends, together with DJ Pon-3, who was immune to the Dazzlings' spell thanks to her headphones, and Sunset lending her strength to them, Twilight and the band are able to overpower and destroy the Dazzlings' power sources, stripping them of their dark powers permanently, and leaving them to be forced off the stage in disgrace by the angry students and faculty.
Afterward, Twilight returns home to Equestria, but thanks to how she was able to re-energize the portal, she can come back to visit anytime she wants. Sunset also takes it upon herself to write her friendship reports into her old journal for Twilight to read back in Equestria.
After the credits roll, the human world's Twilight pieces together some strange events that occurred at Canterlot High School. She talks to her non-sentient dog Spike. This version of Twilight looks extremely different as she has her hair in a bun and wears thick black glasses, similar to how pony Twilight is dressed when she plays a therapist to Rainbow Dash in Lesson Zero.
Shake Your Tail
Twilight first appears in Shake Your Tail, where she helps her friends come up with a theme for the Spring Fling party at Canterlot High. She comes up with a classroom theme, but that idea does not sit well with the others.
Perfect Day for Fun
Twilight reappears in Perfect Day for Fun, where she spends some time with Fluttershy at the Canterlot High springtime carnival. At one point, she gives Fluttershy a Discord plushie, but Fluttershy smacks it with a Whack-a-Mole hammer. She and Fluttershy spend most of the short trying to find the others. They finally reunite at the photo booth. The friends all take some photos, but then Twilight tells them it is almost showtime and they take off to perform on the stage. In one photo montage, Twilight and Applejack drag a crying Fluttershy into a haunted house. However, Applejack and Twilight end up getting scared themselves while Fluttershy shows indifference towards it. The final scene shows Twilight and her friends looking through the photos on top of a ferris wheel.
In the novelization, Twilight is actually still in Equestria and, in the end, imagines that she is performing with her Canterlot High friends.
My Past is Not Today
Twilight briefly appears in a flashback offering her hand to Sunset Shimmer after her defeat.
Friendship Through the Ages
Twilight performs the song Friendship Through the Ages with the Rainbooms, singing the first verse on piano, and happily interacts with Sunset Shimmer.
My Little Pony Equestria Girls: Friendship Games
In the third Equestria Girls film, Twilight's human counterpart is revealed as attending Crystal Prep Academy and is a member of the Wondercolts' rival, the Shadowbolts.
Depiction in comicsIn the IDW comics, Twilight Sparkle is depicted as a wingless unicorn even in comic books released as recently as November 13, 2013; IDW editor Bobby Curnow had not heard about Twilight becoming an Alicorn princess until the public announcement in late January 2013,[14] and wrote on the IDW Publishing Forums on May 27, 2013 "As of right now, I have the same knowledge about Princess Twilight as any of you guys. So it's not something I would want to touch in the comics until after I better see how Season 4 handles it."[15] Twilight is depicted as an Alicorn in the preview of Little Brown's chapter book Twilight Sparkle and the Crystal Heart Spell included in both IDW's My Little Pony: Friendship is Magic Issue #6 and My Little Pony Micro-Series Issue #3, on a display shown on My Little Pony Micro-Series Issue #8 New York Comic Con exclusive Comics World cover RE, on a sketch card bundled with one of the deluxe hardcover releases of The Return of Queen Chrysalis[16] and shown in My Little Pony Art Gallery page 15, on a My Little Pony: The Magic Begins cover,[17] on My Little Pony: Friendship is Magic Issue #12's Hot Topic cover, and on a My Little Pony Micro-Series Volume 1 cover.[18] She is depicted as an Alicorn princess in the comics from My Little Pony: Friendship is Magic Issue #13 onward;[19][20][21] Curnow wrote on the IDW Publishing Forums in late September 2013 "We've got the season 4 scripts, and I've read a good chunk of them, and feel like I have a good idea how alicorn Twilight will be handled",[22] and wrote on The Round Stable forums in mid-November 2013 "If we're referencing an issue that happens in the past, there's no reason why we can't show wingless Twilight. It's not like the past has been erased, it's part of her history."[23]
A younger Twilight appears playing in the background along with a younger Princess Cadance and Shining Armor in The Fall of Sunset Shimmer. An alternate universe version of Twilight also appears in the My Little Pony: Friendship is Magic Issue #20 Reflections mini-comic "Elsewhere in alternate Equestria..." Unlike the Twilight Sparkle of the series, alternate Twilight is a unicorn, not an Alicorn.
Depiction in other media
A November 6, 2013 "vorläufige Abbildung" image for mystery packs depicts Twilight Sparkle as a unicorn.
Twilight Sparkle is voiced by Kira Buckland in PlayDate Digital's app Power Ponies.[7]
Trading cards
By virtue of her brother's marriage to Princess Cadance, Twilight was listed as royalty in trading cards of Cadance and Shining Armor before the finale of season three.[24]
Hasbro.com description
Dutiful and intelligent, Twilight Sparkle is obsessed with one thing: studying magic! She once studied so much, she made no time for anypony else. That is until her mentor, Princess Celestia charged her with the study of a special kind of magic--- friendship! Newly converted to the joys of having friends, she uses her knowledge and unusually powerful gift for magical spells to help her companions in Ponyville. Though sometimes she gets on her "high horse" about what's right or wrong, her eagerness to learn and lend a helping hoof endear her to her new friends in Ponyville, and when the going gets tough, her big brain and love for her friends transform her into a natural born leader![25]
Hasbro.com second description
Meet Princess Twilight Sparkle! Twilight was once charged by Princess Celestia to learn about the magic of friendship and report her findings to her royal highness. Her magic increased until the day she grew wings and became a princess! The ponies of Ponyville look up to Twilight for her intelligence and admire her courtly background. As a natural-born leader, Twilight cleverly utilizes all her friends' skills and talents to achieve their mission, and oftentimes discovers new things about herself and all her amazing friends![26]
Hasbro.com Equestria Girls description
Twilight Sparkle isn't exactly feeling like herself these days. Still, the brains of most operations, this perky princess won't let anything get into her way. Even if that means transporting to another universe to reunite old friends, expose Canterlot High's most feared villain, and unite the masses before the Fall Formal so she can take home the crown. But it's all in a day's work for Twilight Sparkle, and she will use all the skills she has: her determination, her charm, and her intelligence to get the job done. Well, that, and a little bit of magic![27]
Rainbow Rocks description
When her friends need her, no one shines like Twilight Sparkle. As lead singer for the Rainbooms, she works to get everyone rockin' to the same rhythm, so that harmony reigns supreme at Canterlot High.
Rainbow Rocks Encore description
Twilight Sparkle's superstar style sets her apart as the lead singer of The Rainbooms. With the magic of friendship on her side, she helps her friends defeat the villainous band, The Dazzlings, before they take over Canterlot High.[28]
Friendship Games description
Meet Crystal Prep Twilight Sparkle, the Twilight Sparkle who has always lived in Equestria Girls world – she just goes to another school! You'll recognize this Twilight Sparkle by her signature glasses. She maintains the same personality traits of the Twilight we know from the MLP world, but she has yet to learn about the magic of friendship[29]
HubNetwork.com description
Dutiful and intelligent, Princess Twilight Sparkle is an A+ student of all things magical. Though her attention to detail can become extreme at times, Twilight's eagerness to lend a helping hoof endears her to her friends. She's become an expert not only in magic, but in friendship too, which has transformed her into a powerful Alicorn princess -- a Unicorn with wings.
Teacher For a Day description
Meet Twilight Sparkle! She loves to read and study. The Royal Princess Celestia of Equestria has charged Twilight with learning something new: the meaning of friendship! She has a powerful gift for magical spells and uses it to lead her new friends through adventures in Ponyville.
There's no problem Twilight Sparkle can't solve, especially with the help of other ponies, a little bit of magic and guidance from Princess Celestia.
My Little Pony mobile game description
Princess Celestia's most faithful student, Twilight Sparkle loves to study and wants to learn everything about the magic of friendship.
My Little Pony magazine description
- Intelligent
- Artistic
- Friendly
- Worrywart
- Caring
Raised in the Queen's court in Canterlot, Twilight Sparkle is a born leader. She loves to study and wants to learn everything about the Magic of Friendship.
The Elements of Harmony guidebook
TWILIGHT SPARKLE has a love of learning unmatched in Equestria. She is a natural leader, a patient friend, an obsessive organizer, and an avid reader. Her home in Ponyville is above Golden Oak Library, where she also serves as librarian, assisted by Spike and her pet owl, Owlowiscious. Of the six Elements of Harmony, she represents the Element of Magic. As a young filly in Canterlot, she was chosen by Princess Celestia to study the highest form of magic as the princess's apprentice. Seeing Twilight value knowledge over friends, the princess sent Twilight to Ponyville to learn the magical properties of friendship. Because Twilight not only mastered magic but also created magic of her own through such friendship, she has been bestowed with wings and the title PRINCESS TWILIGHT.
Promotional material
The Meet the Ponies page of an Australian My Little Pony Wedding promotional site uses fanart of Twilight Sparkle.[30][31]
A Hasbro stand displayed at Brand Licensing Europe 2012 included a poster depicting Twilight Sparkle as an Alicorn.[32] Jayson Thiessen was not involved with the creation of the poster.[33]
The Hub announced on January 29 and 30, 2013, in an EW.com article, Twitter and Facebook posts, and a press release, Twilight Sparkle's coronation as a princess in the final episode of season three Magical Mystery Cure, on February 16, 2013.[34] The article and both posts are accompanied by pictures of her with both wings and horn, a dress, princess-esque shoes, and a new version of the element of magic crown.[35][36] The Twitter post and the picture accompanying both posts each include the hashtag "#PonyPrincess".[37][38]
A My Little Pony La Magia de la Amistad promotional image posted by the official European Spanish My Little Pony Facebook page on March 4, 2015 uses fanart of unicorn Twilight and Trixie.[39][40]
4th Dimension Entertainment plush description
A book loving and studious unicorn, Twilight Sparkle was specially chosen by Princess Celestia to be her apprentice when Twilight Sparkle was just a filly. The Princess later sent Twilight Sparkle to Ponyville to learn about the magic of friendship.
Twilight Sparkle is always there for her friends, eager to help and solve any problem that anypony has. Organized and clever to a fault, her stubborn and obsessive nature sometimes gets her into trouble. She tends to favor logic over intuition, believing in only what she can prove rationally, giving her a healthy desire to ask questions. This natural curiosity aids Twilight Sparkle well on her adventures, constantly helping her solve problems and learn new, exciting things. Each day brings another lesson, and her magical powers and circle of friends both continue to grow. She currently lives in the Golden Oak Library with her young dragon assistant, Spike, and pet owl named Owlowiscious.
With her closest friends Pinkie Pie, Applejack, Rainbow Dash, Rarity, and Fluttershy, Twilight Sparkle completes the Elements of Harmony – the most powerful magic in all of Equestria.
- See also: Character appearances
|At least one appearance where the character is the focus of a shot
|Background appearance or an appearance where the character is not the focus
|No appearance, but a mention by name or title
|No appearance and no mention by name or title
- "All the ponies in this town are crazy! Do you know what time it is?!"
- — Friendship is Magic, part 1
- "You see, Nightmare Moon, when those Elements are ignited by the... the spark, that resides in the heart of us all, it creates the sixth element: the element of... magic!"
- — Friendship is Magic, part 2
- "Hee-hee! Isn't this exciting? We'll do everything by the book, and that will make my slumber party officially fun."
- — Look Before You Sleep
- "I'm doing scientific research. I'm observing Pinkie Pie, scientific name: Pinkius Piecus, in its natural habitat."
- — Feeling Pinkie Keen
- "Everypony everywhere has a special magical connection with her friends, maybe even before she's met them. If you're feeling lonely and you're still searching for your true friends, just look up in the sky. Who knows, maybe you and your future best friends are all looking at the same rainbow."
- — The Cutie Mark Chronicles
- "I can't believe we're finally here. With all that we've imagined, the reality of this night is sure to make this... The Best Night Ever!"
- — The Best Night Ever
- "Move! Look out, here comes Tom!"
- — The Return of Harmony Part 2
- "We've learned that friendship isn't always easy. But there's no doubt it's worth fighting for."
- — The Return of Harmony Part 2
- "Clock is ticking, Twilight. Clock. Is. Ticking. Keep it together. If I can't find a friendship problem... I'll make a friendship problem!"
- — Lesson Zero
- "I'm Star Swirl the Bearded! Father of the amniomorphic spell? Did you even read that book I gave you about obscure unicorn history?"
- — Luna Eclipsed
- "I have to finish this report to the princess summarizing all my other reports to the princess."
- — Baby Cakes
- "Reading is something everypony can enjoy, if they just give it a try."
- — Read It and Weep
- "Gee, maybe her name should be "Princess Demandy-pants.""
- — A Canterlot Wedding - Part 1
- "Spike! I'm going to need you to quiz me on everything! Everything I've ever learned! Ever!"
- — The Crystal Empire - Part 1
- "Just a test? Just a test!? Princess Celestia wants to give me some kind of exam, and you're trying to tell me to calm down because it's just a test?!"
- — The Crystal Empire - Part 1
- "Something tells me everything is not going to be fine."
- — Magical Mystery Cure
- "A little while ago, my teacher and mentor Princess Celestia sent me to live in Ponyville. She sent me to study friendship, which is something I didn't really care much about. But now, on a day like today, I can honestly say I wouldn't be standing here if it weren't for the friendships I've made with all of you. Each one of you taught me something about friendship, and for that, I will always be grateful. Today, I consider myself the luckiest pony in Equestria. Thank you, friends. Thank you, everypony!"
- — Magical Mystery Cure
- "Just because I have this crown and these wings, it doesn't mean I'll be a good leader!"
- — My Little Pony Equestria Girls
- "Yes, but I've also seen what you've been able to do here without magic. Equestria will find a way to survive without my Element of Harmony. This place might not if I allow it to fall into your hands. So go ahead, destroy the portal. You are not getting this crown!"
- — My Little Pony Equestria Girls
- "The crown may be upon your head Sunset Shimmer, but you cannot wield it, because you do not possess the most powerful magic of all: the magic of friendship!"
- — My Little Pony Equestria Girls
- "My new role in Equestria may mean I have to take on new responsibilities, and our friendships may be tested, but it will never, ever be broken."
- — Princess Twilight Sparkle - Part 2
- "A.K. Yearling and Daring Do are one and the same! My mind is officially blown!"
- — Daring Don't
- "So much for element of surprise."
- — Power Ponies
- "You know, choosing not to choose isn't really a decision."
- — Rainbow Falls
- "Hey, I am not that tall!"
- — Testing Testing 1, 2, 3
- "Wait a minute, I think I get it. You keep saying you let everypony down, but we all keep saying you didn't. You know who's disappointed in you, Spike? You, and only you can make it right with you again. What would that take, Spike?"
- — Equestria Games
- "As princess, I believe I have the power to spread the magic of friendship across Equestria! That is the role I am meant to have in our world! The role I choose to have! But I didn't defeat Tirek on my own. It took all of us to unlock the chest!"
- — Twilight's Kingdom - Part 2
- "Alright, girls, let's do this! Friendship is magic!"
- — My Little Pony Equestria Girls: Rainbow Rocks
- "I can't believe all this tension was happening right under my nose and I didn't realize it. I'm supposed to be the one with all the answers. And all I've done since I got here is let you down."
- — My Little Pony Equestria Girls: Rainbow Rocks
- "No doubt about it, Spike. There's definitely something strange going on at that school..."
- — Human counterpart, My Little Pony Equestria Girls: Rainbow Rocks
- "It's a trap!"
- — The Cutie Map - Part 1
- "Huh?! I'm pancake! I mean, awake..."
- — Castle Sweet Castle
- "Prepare yourselves, everypony! Winter is coming!"
- — Tanks for the Memories
- "Well, Spike, one of the most important things a princess can do is realize when she's made a mistake and fix it."
- — Princess Spike
- "I'm the Princess of Friendship now, and lots of ponies are going to be looking to me to solve their problems. But it was foolish of me to think that I should have all the answers. What I do have are good friends who will always be there to help me find them."
- — My Little Pony Equestria Girls: Rainbow Rocks - The Mane Event
- "I'll just have to hope those girls keep Sunset Shimmer busy. Very busy."
- — My Little Pony: Equestria Girls: Sunset Shimmer's Time to Shine
- "Soy Twilight Sparkle y, aunque ahora sea una princesa, antes sólo era un unicornio normal. La princesa Celestia se dio cuenta de que era muy inteligente, pero que necesitaba aprender algo fundamental: La Magia de la Amistad. Me concedió la responsabilidad de ser la Princesa de la Amistad. Ahora reino junto con mis amigas en Ponyville. ¡Me está costando esto de ser princesa!"
- — Promotional image[43]
- "Claro, Trixie, ¡somos amigas!"
- — La Magia de la Amistad promotional image[40]
- "This is the game I am meant to play as a princess of Equestria!"
- — Hub Network promo for app game Spike's Great Gem Challenge[44]
See also
- Toys and merchandise
- Twilight Sparkle on the Collectible Card Game Wiki
- Twilight Sparkle on the Fan Wiki
- Twilight Sparkle on the My Little Pony Gameloft Wiki
- This article's speculation page.
- Ponies with a similar name: Twilight Sporkle, Twilight Velvet, and Twilight Sky.
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Hasbro Investor Update at NYC Toy Fair (2014-02-14). Retrieved on 2014 April 8.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 My Little Pony Toys New York Toy Fair 2014 Part 2. YouTube (2014-02-16). Retrieved on 2014 April 8.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 NYTF2014 Hasbro My Little Pony. YouTube (2014-02-16). Retrieved on 2014 April 8.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 MLP My Little Pony Rainbow Power Toy Fair Preview. YouTube (2014-02-28). Retrieved on 2014 April 8.
- ↑ My Little Pony Humanized Wallpaper. DeviantArt (2013-01-04). Retrieved on 2015 June 26.
- ↑ Timeline Photos. Facebook (2015-06-26). Retrieved on 2015 June 26.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 Kira Buckland (2014-07-17). I can finally announce some REALLY cool... - Kira Buckland - Voice Actress. Facebook. Retrieved on 2014 July 18.
- ↑ 追加キャストは沢城みゆきと加藤英美里 TVアニメ『マイリトルポニー ~トモダチは魔法~』4月2日より放送開始 (Japanese). オタラボ (2013-03-18). Retrieved on 2013 March 18.
- ↑ Lauren Faust (2013-11-29). Twilight became Twilight. Twitter. Retrieved on 2013 December 2.
- ↑ Lauren Faust via Twitter. Retrieved on 2013 March 15.
- ↑ Interview with M.A. Larson. Midwestria 2012 (2012-09-22). Retrieved on 2012 October 1.
- ↑ Lauren Faust (2012-06-04). Comment on Help the Bronycon Documentary. Retrieved on 2012 November 11.
- ↑ Sabrina Alberghetti (2013-02-18). DeviantArt: Comment on *Sibsy's profile. Retrieved on 2013 December 13. "Yeah, she's a little taller."
- ↑ Bobby Curnow (2013-01-30). Post 326505. IDW Publishing Forums. Retrieved on 2013 September 28.
- ↑ Bobby Curnow (2013-05-27). Post 340624. IDW Publishing Forums. Retrieved on 2013 September 28.
- ↑ First Official My Little Pony Sketch Cards Part of IDW Limited Edition Comic. The Cardboard Connection (2013-05-14). Retrieved on 2013 November 14.
- ↑ MLPAnimatedv1_Cover copy. Bleeding Cool (2013-05-16). Retrieved on 2013 May 25.
- ↑ My Little Pony: Micro Series Volume 1. Amazon.com. Retrieved on 2013 May 25.
- ↑ Bobby Curnow (2013-09-27). Post 352746. IDW Publishing Forums. Retrieved on 2013 September 28. "Oh, and Princess Twilight will be the norm in the comics as of MLP #13."
- ↑ My Little Pony: Friendship is Magic #14. iTunes. Retrieved on 2013 December 4.
- ↑ Brenda Hickey (2013-10-10). CrazyAry: Started inking #MLP issue 14!! .... Twitter. Retrieved on 2013 November 14.
- ↑ Bobby Curnow (2013-05-28). Post 352773. IDW Publishing Forums. Retrieved on 2013 September 28.
- ↑ Bobby Curnow (2013-11-17). Post 518997. The Round Stable. Retrieved on 2013 November 17.
- ↑ A selection of trading cards including ones of Princess Cadance and Shining Armor. Retrieved on 2013 February 8.
- ↑ Meet the Ponies: Twilight Sparkle. Hasbro.com. Retrieved on 2013 September 19.
- ↑ My Little Pony - Meet Princess Twilight Sparkle. Hasbro.com. Retrieved on 2013 September 19.
- ↑ MLPEG Meet Twilight Sparkle. Hasbro.com. Retrieved on 2013 September 19.
- ↑ Twilight Sparkle - MLP: Equestria Girls Character Bio - Rainbow Rocks. Hasbro.com. Retrieved on 2014 July 31.
- ↑ Twilight Sparkle - MLP: Equestria Girls Character Bios - Friendship Games. Hasbro.com. Retrieved on 2015 July 27.
- ↑ My Little Pony Wedding - Meet the Ponies. Retrieved on 2013 December 7.
- ↑ Twilight Sparkle (2011-04-10). Retrieved on 2013 December 7.
- ↑ Brand Licensing in Europe's Twilight Sparkle Derp?. Equestria Daily (2012-10-17). Retrieved on 2012 November 2.
- ↑ Jayson Thiessen (2012-12-19). Twitter / goldenrusset: @reversalmushroo I was not .... Retrieved on 2012 December 20.
- ↑ Twilight Sparkle Earns Her Wings and Becomes a Princess in Special February 16 Coronation Episode of 'My Little Pony Friendship is Magic' on The Hub TV Network. Discovery Press Web (2013-01-30). Retrieved on 2013 January 31.
- ↑ Hold your horses, 'My Little Pony' fans: We've got a new 'Equestria Girls' trailer -- EXCLUSIVE. EW.com (2013-06-07). Retrieved on 2013 June 7.
- ↑ 'My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic' exclusive: Twilight's becoming a princess!. EW.com (2013-01-29). Retrieved on 2013 January 31.
- ↑ HubTVNetwork: RT to all of Equestria: .... Twitter (2013-01-29). Retrieved on 2013 January 31.
- ↑ Timeline Photos. Facebook (2013-01-29). Retrieved on 2013 January 31.
- ↑ Trixie and Twilight - The Magic of Friendship. DeviantArt (2012-12-02). Retrieved on 2015 March 5.
- ↑ 40.0 40.1 My Little Pony (2015-03-04). Timeline Photos. Facebook. Retrieved on 2015 March 5.
- ↑ equestria-girls.4.jpg (2014-03-27). Retrieved on 2014 June 27.
- ↑ Куклы пони (Russian). Retrieved on 2014 June 27.
- ↑ My Little Pony (2015-02-04). Timeline Photos. Facebook. Retrieved on 2015 February 5.
- ↑ Spike's Great Gem Challenge (Promo) - Hub Network. YouTube (2014-05-15). Retrieved on 2014 May 17.


text:
|Knowing your goals helps you make a plan.
For today's platform-building task, set your goals. Include short-term goals and long-term goals. In fact, make a list of goals you can accomplish by the end of this year; then, make a list of goals you'd like to accomplish before you die.
Here are some of examples from my short-term and long-term goal lists:
Short-term goals:
- In April, complete April Platform Challenge on My Name Is Not Bob blog.
- In April, complete April PAD Challenge on Poetic Asides blog.
- Get 2013 Writer's Market to printer ahead of schedule.
- Get 2013 Poet's Market to printer ahead of schedule.
- Lead workshop at Poetry Hickory event in June.
- Etc.
- Publish book on platform development for small businesses.
- Publish full-length poetry collection.
- Raise 5 happy and healthy children into 5 happy, healthy, caring, and self-sufficient adults.
- Continue to learn how to be a better husband and human being.
- Become debt free and financially independent.
- Win Poet Laureate of the Universe honors.
- Etc.
Some writers may ask what defining yourself and creating goals has to do with platform development. I maintain that these are two of the most basic and important steps in the platform-building process, because they define who you are and where you want to be.
A successful platform strategy should communicate who you are and help you get where you'd like to be (or provide you with a completely new opportunity). If you can't communicate who you are to strangers, then they won't realize how you might be able to help them or why you're important to them. If you don't have any goals, then you don't have any direction or purpose for your platform.
Connect with me on Twitter, Facebook, and LinkedIn. Plus, sign up for free e-mail updates from this blog in the top right-hand corner of the page.
How Writers Can Succeed in the Future of Digital Publishing
This webinar, led by e-media guru Jane Friedman, explains three potential business models for writers, how to achieve greater visibility in your career, how to be an attractive author for publishers, and more.
Click to continue.
Check out these other Not Bob posts for writers:

subset: commoncrawl


text:
in this issue
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World News and Views :: Top of the News
Lanxess Awards Contracts for Butyl Rubber Plant in Singapore
12:22 AM MDT | June 22, 2010 | Deepti Ramesh
Lanxess says it has finalized contracts for its previously announced new butyl rubber plant at Jurong Island, Singapore. The 100,000-m.t./year butyl rubber plant, with an investment of about €400 million, is expected to begin production in the first quarter of 2013. The contract for engineering, procurement services and construction management was awarded to Foster Wheeler Asia Pacific, which has operations in Singapore. Lanxess has selected Sembcorp Industries (Singapore), and TP Utilities (Singapore), a subsidiary of Tuas Power (Singapore) for utility...
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text:
Nb: infants must be under the age of 2 and
children must be under the age of 12 at the time of
A car-free resort in the heart of Les Portes du Soleil ski area
Direct ski slopes
800m from the aquatic centre Aquariaz
In the Crozats area, overlooking the resort, the residence enjoys a wonderful view over the valley of Morzine. It is connected to the centre of the resort and shops by escalators.
Living room with 1 convertible sofa bed
Sleeping alcove with 2 bunk beds. Bathroom: 1 bathroom. Other Information: Note: The Bunk beds are not suitable for children under 6 years old. Decree No. 95949 of 25/08/1995.
Living room with 2 single sofa beds.Bedroom with 1 double bed. Bathroom: 1 bathroom.
Living room with 2 single sofa beds and 1 pull-out bed. Double bedroom
Sleeping alcove with 2 bunk beds. Bathroom: 1 bathroom + 1 shower room. Other Information: Note: The Bunk beds are not suitable for children under 6 years old. Decree No. 95949 of 25/08/1995.
Iglu acts as a travel agent for disclosed principals/tour operators, further details
of which will be made available at the time of booking. Your holiday contract will
be bound by the tour operators terms and conditions.
Prices are shown for a basic room or unit, can be subject to change and are indicative
until time of booking. Please call on 020 8544 7114 for prices for other travel
and room options for this property.
The price shown includes 7 nights accommodation,
on an accommodation only basis.
Prices shown are per person per week based on maximum occupancy. Descriptions and
quality ratings are provided by the Tour Operator (or one of the Tour Operators
where similar holidays are offered by more than one supplier). We reserve the right
to make minor adjustments to the description or rating based on staff and customer
feedback. For payments by credit card, a 2.5% credit card charge (4% for AMEX) will
be added to your invoice. If you pay by a UK issued debit card, there is no charge.
All bookings are subject to a £5 per person Passenger Admin Fee charged by Iglu.com.


text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Feb 7, 2008
|Filing date
|Oct 9, 2007
|Priority date
|Sep 3, 2004
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Paul Goodwin
|Original Assignee
|Staktek Group L.P.
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Referenced by (4), Classifications (18), Legal Events (6)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/068,688, filed Mar. 1, 2005, which application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/007,551, filed Dec. 8, 2004, which application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/934,027, filed Sep. 3, 2004. U.S. patent application Ser. Nos. 11/068,688, 10/934,027 and 11/007,551 are hereby incorporated by reference herein.
The present invention relates to systems and methods for creating high density circuit modules.
The well-known DIMM (Dual In-line Memory Module) board has been used for years, in various forms, to provide memory expansion. A typical DIMM includes a conventional PCB (printed circuit board) with memory devices and supporting digital logic devices mounted on both sides. The DIMM is typically mounted in the host computer system by inserting a contact-bearing edge of the DIMM into a card edge connector. Systems that employ DIMMs provide, however, very limited profile space for such devices and conventional DIMM-based solutions have typically provided only a moderate amount of memory expansion.
As bus speeds have increased, fewer devices per channel can be reliably addressed with a DIMM-based solution. For example, 288 ICs or devices per channel may be addressed using the SDRAM-100 bus protocol with an unbuffered DIMM. Using the DDR-200 bus protocol, approximately 144 devices may be address per channel. With the DDR2-400 bus protocol, only 72 devices per channel may be addressed. This constraint has led to the development of the fully-buffered DIMM (FB-DIMM) with buffered C/A and data in which 288 devices per channel may be addressed. With the FB-DIMM, not only has capacity increased, pin count has declined: to approximately 69 from the approximately 240 pins previously required.
The FB-DIMM circuit solution is expected to offer practical motherboard memory capacities of up to about 192 gigabytes with six channels and eight DIMMs per channel and two ranks per DIMM using one gigabyte DRAMs. This solution should also be adaptable to next generation technologies and should exhibit significant downward compatibility.
This great improvement has, however, come with some cost and will eventually be self-limiting. The basic principle of systems that employ FB-DIMM relies upon a point-to-point or serial addressing scheme rather than the parallel multi-drop interface that dictates non-buffered DIMM addressing. That is, one DIMM is in point-to-point relationship with the memory controller and each DIMM is in point-to-point relationship with adjacent DIMMs. Consequently, as bus speeds increase, the number of DIMMs on a bus will decline as the discontinuities caused by the chain of point to point connections from the controller to the "last" DIMM become magnified in effect as speeds increase. Consequently, methods to increase the capacity of a single DIMM find value in contemporary memory and computing systems.
There are several known methods to improve the limited capacity of a DIMM or other circuit board. In one strategy, for example, small circuit boards (daughter cards) are connected to the DIMM to provide extra mounting space. The additional connection may cause, however, flawed signal integrity for the data signals passing from the DIMM to the daughter card and the additional thickness of the daughter card(s) increases the profile of the DIMM.
Multiple die packages (MDP) are also used to increase DIMM capacity while preserving profile conformity. This scheme increases the capacity of the memory devices on the DIMM by including multiple semiconductor die in a single device package. The additional heat generated by the multiple die typically requires, however, additional cooling capabilities to operate at maximum operating speed. Further, the MDP scheme may exhibit increased costs because of increased yield loss from packaging together multiple die that are not fully pre-tested.
Stacked packages are yet another strategy used to increase circuit board capacity. This scheme increases capacity by stacking packaged integrated circuits to create a high-density circuit module for mounting on the circuit board. In some techniques, flexible conductors are used to selectively interconnect packaged integrated circuits. Staktek Group L.P. has developed numerous systems for aggregating CSP (chipscale packaged) devices in space saving topologies. The increased component height of some stacking techniques may alter, however, system requirements such as, for example, required cooling airflow or the minimum spacing around a circuit board on its host system.
Another trend to increase DIMM capacity is the use of larger capacity ICs such as, for example, 512 Mega-bit, 1 Giga-bit, and 2 Giga-bit or larger DRAM devices. The trend indicates that larger devices are forthcoming. Such larger devices may necessitate packages with larger dimensions until technological advances provide smaller feature sizes. For example, some high-capacity DRAM devices may be too big for a 30 mm DIMM.
Another problem associated with some such high-capacity is that their thickness may be greater than the specified thickness for many standard DIMM designs. For example, many JEDEC DIMM thickness specifications, require a 1 mm package thickness to allow DIMMs with stacked devices to fit in specified dimensions with adequate airflow. Some new high-capacity devices may have a greater thickness than the specified 1 mm. Such thickness may lead to stacked DIMMs would exceed the maximum specified thickness.
What is needed, therefore, are methods to fit provide thin DIMM modules with high capacity. What is needed also needed are methods and structures for increasing the flexibility of FB-DIMMs.
Multiple DIMM circuits or instantiations are combined in a single module to provide on a single module circuitry that is substantially the functional equivalent of two or more DIMMs but avoids some of the drawbacks associated with having two discrete DIMMs. In one embodiment, registered DIMM circuits are used. In another, FB-DIMM circuits are used.
In a preferred embodiment, integrated circuits (preferably memory CSPs) and accompanying AMBs are arranged in two ranks in two fields on each side of a flexible circuit. The flexible circuit has expansion contacts disposed along one side. The flexible circuit is disposed about a supporting substrate or board to place at least one FB-DIMM instantiation on each side of the constructed module. In alternative, but also preferred embodiments, the ICs on the side of the flexible circuit closest to the substrate are disposed, at least partially, in what are, in a preferred embodiment, windows, pockets, or cutaway areas in the substrate. Other embodiments may only populate one side of the flexible circuit or may only remove enough substrate material to reduce but not eliminate the entire substrate contribution to overall profile. Other embodiments may connect the constituent devices in a way that creates a FB-DIMM circuit or instantiation with the devices on the upper half of the module while another FB-DIMM instantiation is created with the devices on the lower half of the module. Other embodiments may, for example, combine selected circuitry from one side of the module (memory CSPs for example) with circuitry on the other side of the module (an AMB, for example) in creating one of plural FB-DIMM instantiations on a single module. Other embodiments employ stacks to provide multiple FB-DIMM circuits or instantiations on a low profile module. The flexible circuit may exhibit one or two or more conductive layers, and may have changes in the layered structure or have split layers. Other embodiments may stagger or offset the ICs or include greater numbers of ICs.
ICs 18 on flexible circuit 12 are, in this embodiment, chip-scale packaged memory devices of small scale. For purposes of this: disclosure, the term chip-scale or "CSP" shall refer to integrated circuitry of any function with an array package providing connection to one or more die through contacts (often embodied as "bumps" or "balls" for example) distributed across a major surface of the package or die. CSP does not refer to leaded devices that provide connection to an integrated circuit within the package through leads emergent from at least one side of the periphery of the package such as, for example, a TSOP.
Embodiments of the present invention may be employed with leaded or CSP devices or other devices in both packaged and unpackaged forms but where the term CSP is used, the above definition for CSP should be adopted. Consequently, although CSP excludes leaded devices, references to CSP are to be broadly construed to include the large variety of array devices (and not to be limited to memory only) and whether die-sized or other size such as BGA and micro BGA as well as flip-chip. As those of skill will understand after appreciating this disclosure, some embodiments of the present invention may be devised to employ stacks of ICs each disposed where an IC 18 is indicated in the exemplar Figs.
Multiple integrated circuit die may be included in a package depicted as a single IC 18. While in this embodiment memory ICs are used to provide a memory expansion board or module, and various embodiments may include a variety of integrated circuits and other components. Such variety may include microprocessors, FPGA's, RF transceiver circuitry, digital logic, as a list of non-limiting examples, or other circuits or systems which may benefit from a high-density circuit board or module capability. Circuit 19 depicted between ICs 18 may be a memory buffer, or controller ("register") as are used in common DIMMs such as, for example, registered-DIMMs. In a preferred embodiment is the well known advanced memory buffer or "AMB".
The depiction of
Field F1 of side 8 of flex circuit 12 is shown populated with first plurality of CSPs ICR1 and second plurality of CSPs ICR2 while second field F2 of side 8 of flex circuit 12 is shown populated with first plurality of CSPs ICR1 and second plurality of CSPs ICR2. Those of skill will recognize that the identified pluralities of CSPs are, when disposed in the configurations depicted, typically described as "ranks". Between the ranks ICR2 of field F1 and ICR2 of field F2, flex circuit 12 bears a plurality of module contacts allocated in this embodiment into two rows (CR1 and CR2) of module contacts 20. When flex circuit 12 is folded as later depicted, side 8 depicted in
Various discrete components such as termination resistors, bypass capacitors, and bias resistors, in addition to the buffers 19 shown on side 8 of flex circuit 12, may be mounted on either or both of sides 8 and 9 of flex 12. Such discrete components are not shown to simplify the drawing. Flex circuit 12 may also depicted with reference to its perimeter edges, two of which are typically long (PElong1 and PElong 2) and two of which are typically shorter (PEshort1 and PEshort2). Other embodiments may employ flex circuits 12 that are not rectangular in shape and may be square in which case the perimeter edges would be of equal size or other convenient shape to adapt to manufacturing particulars. Other embodiments may also have fewer or greater numbers of ranks or pluralities of ICs in each field or on a side of a flex circuit.
In this embodiment, flex circuit 12 has module contacts 20 positioned in a manner devised to fit in a circuit board card edge connector or socket and connect to corresponding contacts in the connector (not shown). While module contacts 20 are shown protruding from the surface of flex circuit 12, other embodiments may have flush contacts or contacts below the surface level of flex 12. Substrate 14 supports module contacts 20 from behind flex circuit 12 in a manner devised to provide the mechanical form required for insertion into a socket. In other embodiments, the thickness or shape of substrate 14 in the vicinity of perimeter edge 16A may differ from that in the vicinity of perimeter edge 16B. Substrate 14 in the depicted embodiment is preferably made of a metal such as aluminum or copper, as non-limiting examples, or where thermal management is less of an issue, materials such as FR4 (flame retardant type 4) epoxy laminate, PTFE (poly-tetra-fluoro-ethylene) or plastic. In another embodiment, advantageous features from multiple technologies may be combined with use of FR4 having a layer of copper on both sides to provide a substrate 14 devised from familiar materials which may provide heat conduction or a ground plane.
In this embodiment, there are three layers of flex circuit 12 between the two depicted ICs 18 1 and 18 2. Conductive layers 64 and 66 express conductive traces that connect to the ICs and may further connect to other discrete components (not shown). Preferably, the conductive layers are metal such as, for example, copper or alloy 110. Vias such as the exemplar vias 23 connect the two conductive layers 64 and 66 and thereby enable connection between conductive layer 64 and module contacts 20. In this preferred embodiment having a three-layer portion of flex circuit 12, the two conductive layers 64 and 66 may be devised in a manner so that one of them has substantial area employed as a ground plane. The other layer may employ substantial area as a voltage reference plane. The use of plural conductive layers provides advantages and the creation of a distributed capacitance intended to reduce noise or bounce effects that can, particularly at higher frequencies, degrade signal integrity, as those of skill in the art will recognize. If more than two conductive layers are employed, additional conductive layers may be added with insulating layers separating conductive layers. Portions of flex circuit 12 may in some embodiments be rigid portions (rigid-flex). Construction of rigid-flex circuitry is known in the art.
With the construction of an embodiment such as that shown in
The principles of the present invention may, however, be employed where only one IC 18 is resident on a side of a flex circuit 12 or where multiple ranks or pluralities of ICS are resident on a side of flex circuit 12, or, as will be later shown, where multiple ICs 18 are disposed one atop the other to give a single module 10 materially greater.
As shown in
For purposes herein, the term window may refer to an opening all the way through substrate 14 across span "S" which corresponds to the width or height dimension of packaged IC 18 or, it may also refer to that opening where cutaway areas on each of the two sides of substrate 14 overlap.
Where cutaway areas 250B3 and 250B4 overlap, there are, as depicted, windows all the way through substrate 14. In some embodiments, cutaway areas 250B3 and 250B4 may not overlap or in other embodiments, there may be pockets or cutaway areas only on one side of substrate 14. Those of skill will recognize that cutaway areas such as those identified with references 250B3 and 250B4 may be formed in a variety of ways depending on the material of substrate 14 and need not literally be "cut" away but may be formed by a variety of molding, milling and cutting processes as is understood by those in the field.
Four flex circuits are employed in module 10 as depicted in
In a typical FB-DIMM system employing multiple FB-DIMM circuits, the respective AMB's from one FB-DIMM circuit to another FB-DIMM circuit are separated by what can be conceived of as three impedance discontinuities as represented in the system depicted in
In contrast to the system represented by
The present invention may be employed to advantage in a variety of applications and environment such as, for example, in computers such as servers and notebook computers by being placed in motherboard expansion slots to provide enhanced memory capacity while utilizing fewer sockets. The two high rank embodiments or the single rank high embodiments may both be employed to such advantage as those of skill will recognize after appreciating this specification.
One advantageous methodology for efficiently assembling a circuit module 10 such as described and depicted herein is as follows. In a preferred method of assembling a preferred module assembly 10, flex circuit 12 is placed flat and both sides populated according to circuit board assembly techniques known in the art. Flex circuit 12 is then folded about end 16A of substrate 14. Flex 12 may be laminated or otherwise attached to substrate 14.
In this embodiment, flex circuit 12 is provided with holes 13, which are devised to allow greater flexibility for bending flex circuit 12 to achieve a desired bend radius for curve 25 (
Holes 13 in this embodiment are spaced to allow traces 21 to pass between them at the level of conductive layers of flex 13. While some preferred embodiments have a dielectric solder mask layer partially covering side 8, traces 21 are depicted along side 8 for simplicity. Traces 21 may, of course, be at interior conductive layers of flex circuit 12, as will be described further with regard to later referenced Figures.
In this embodiment, flex circuit 12 is further provided with holes 15. Holes 15 are devised to allow flexibility for bending flex circuit 12 to achieve a desired bend radius for around edge 16A or 16B of substrate 14, for example. Holes 15 may be expressed as voids or partial voids in the various conductive and non-conductive layers of flex circuit 12. Further, a desired bend radius at the portions of flex circuit 12 provided with holes 13 or holes 15 may also be achieved by providing a portion of flex circuit 12 having fewer layers, as described above with reference to
This embodiment of flex circuit 12 is also provided with mounting pads 191 along side 18 of flex circuit 12. Such pads 191 are used for mounting components such as, for example, surface mount resistors 192.
When flex circuit 12 is folded as depicted, side 8 depicted in
The depicted topology and arrangement of flexible circuitry may be used to advantage to create high capacity and thin-profile circuit modules. Such modules include, for example, registered DIMMS and FB-DIMMs. For example, a DIMM may be constructed having double device-mounting surface area for a given DIMM height. Such doubling may allow doubling of the number memory devices or enable larger devices that would not fit on traditional DIMMs.
For example, one preferred embodiment provides a 30 mm 4-GByte RDIMM using 512 Mbit parts. Another embodiment provides a 50 mm 8-GByte RDIMM using 1 Gbit parts. Yet another embodiment provides a 2-GByte SO-DIMM using 512 Mbit parts. DIMM modules may be provided having multiple instantiations of DIMM or FB-DIMM circuits, as further described herein. Also, DIMMs having the usual single instantiation of DIMM circuitry may be provided where the devices employed are too large to fit in the surface area provided by a typical industry DIMM module. Such high-capacity capability may be used to advantage to provide high capacity memory for computer systems having a limited number of motherboard DIMM slots.
Top conductive layer 2101 and the other conductive layers are preferably made of a conductive metal such as, for example, copper or alloy 110. In this arrangement, conductive layers 2101, 2102, and 2104 express signal traces 2112 that make various connections on flex circuit 12. These layers may also express conductive planes for ground, power, or reference voltage. For example, top conductive layer 2101 may also be provided with a flood, or plane, of to provide the VDD to ICs mounted to flex circuit 12.
In this embodiment, inner conductive layer 2102 expresses traces connecting to and among the various devices mounted along the sides of flex circuit 12. The function of any of the depicted conductive layers may, of course, be interchanged with others of the conductive layers. Inner conductive layer 2103 expresses a ground plane, which may be split to provide VDD return for pre-register address signals. Inner conductive layer 2103 may further express other planes and traces. In this embodiment, floods, or planes, at bottom conductive layer 2104 provides VREF and ground in addition to the depicted traces.
Insulative layers 2105 and 2111 are, in this embodiment, dielectric solder mask layers which may be deposited on the adjacent conductive layers. Insulative layers 2107 and 2109 are made of adhesive dielectric. Other embodiments may not have such adhesive dielectric layers. Insulative layers 2106, 2108, and 2110 are preferably flexible dielectric substrate layers made of polyamide. Any other suitable flexible circuit substrate material may be used.
In this embodiment, clock and inverted clock signals CK and CK# enter the depicted topology from a phase-locked-loop (PLL) or delay-locked loop (DLL) output. Construction of PLLs and DLLs is known in the art. The PLL in this embodiment is preferably mounted along one side of flex circuit 12, and the depicted topology routes clock signal CK to DIMM registers 2201 on the same side of flex circuit 12 as the PLL circuitry, as well as to DIMM registers 2201 on the opposing side. Transmission line TL0 branches to two transmission lines TL1, which may be, in some embodiments, disposed at opposite sides of a substrate 14. Each transmission line TL1 branches into two TL4 lines and a TL2 line. Each transmission line TL4 has a termination resistor R1 or a bypass capacitor C1. Transmission line TL2 branches into two TL3 lines. A via through flex circuit 12 may be used at the branchpoint from TL2 to TL3. Preferably, TL2 is relatively short so as to place bypass capacitors C1 relatively close to the branchpoint of TL2 and TL3.
Although the present invention has been described in detail, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that many embodiments taking a variety of specific forms and reflecting changes, substitutions and alterations can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Therefore, the described embodiments illustrate but do not restrict the scope of the claims.
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Mar 7, 2007
|Jul 1, 2008
|Microelectronics Assembly Technologies, Inc.
|Thin multichip flex-module
|Mar 7, 2007
|Jul 1, 2008
|Microelectronics Assembly Technologies, Inc.
|Thin multichip flex-module
|Mar 7, 2007
|Sep 30, 2008
|Microelectronics Assembly Technologies, Inc.
|Thin multichip flex-module
|Mar 7, 2007
|Apr 21, 2009
|Microelectronics Assembly Technologies
|Thin multichip flex-module
|U.S. Classification
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Oct 22, 2007
Owner name: STAKTEK GROUP L.P., TEXAS
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:GOODWIN, PAUL;REEL/FRAME:019994/0453
Effective date: 20050228
|Jul 14, 2009
|Certificate of correction
|Jan 26, 2010
Owner name: ENTORIAN TECHNOLOGIES L.P., TEXAS
Free format text: CHANGE OF NAME;ASSIGNOR:STAKTEK GROUP, L.P.;REEL/FRAME:023848/0062
Effective date: 20080229
|Oct 8, 2012
|Fee payment
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|Oct 25, 2012
Owner name: ENTORIAN GP LLC, TEXAS
Free format text: MERGER;ASSIGNOR:ENTORIAN TECHNOLOGIES L.P.;REEL/FRAME:029195/0048
Effective date: 20100714
Owner name: ENTORIAN TECHNOLOGIES INC., TEXAS
Free format text: MERGER;ASSIGNOR:ENTORIAN GP LLC;REEL/FRAME:029195/0114
Effective date: 20100714
|Dec 2, 2012
Owner name: OVID DATA CO. LLC, DELAWARE
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:ENTORIAN TECHNOLOGIES INC.;REEL/FRAME:029389/0672
Effective date: 20121031


text:
Sunrise, FL (Sports Network) - Phil Kessel scored twice and James Reimer recorded 34 saves for his fourth shutout of the season as the Toronto Maple Leafs downed the lowly Florida Panthers, 4-0, at BB&T Center.
Clarke MacArthur and Leo Komarov also scored for the playoff-bound Maple Leafs, who had lost three of four coming in but are still occupying the No. 5 slot in the Eastern Conference standings.
"We didn't feel we played our best last night, so we wanted to come in here and make a statement for ourselves," said Reimer. "That's what we wanted to do today, we wanted to get right back on track and we were able to do that."
Florida has lost seven of eight and will finish with the worst record in the NHL as it sits with 34 points with one game remaining.
Jacob Markstrom was beaten four times on just 17 shots in the loss.
"That stinks, when you're at the bottom of the pile," said Florida head coach Kevin Dineen said. "But that is the brutal reality of our situation and it's something we have to sit on for four months."
Komarov scored from the left circle at the 5:39 mark of the opening period, and MacArthur cleaned up a rebound from the same side with 5:28 remaining in the stanza.
Kessel added to the lead 1:41 into the middle stanza off a feed from Nazem Kadri, then put in his 19th of the season 13 minutes later when he crashed the net and put in a loose puck.
Reimer closed out his shutout with 16 saves over the final 20 minutes.
Three of Kessel's four multi-goal games this season have come in April ...
Toronto finished the season with a 13-8-3 road record ... The Panthers went
8-11-5 at home ... Both teams wrap up the regular season Saturday, as the
Maple Leafs host Montreal while Florida plays at Tampa Bay.
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text:
Why did you choose this product?
ITEM#: 12695157Add a touch of elegance to any ensemble with handmade jewelry from China. These filigree earrings feature a raindrop shape that will lend delicate beauty to any look.
Product Features:
- Filigree raindrop shape
- Silver construction
- Shepherd's hooks
- Earrings hang approximately 1 inch from hooks
Story Behind the Art:
What began as a desire to help victims of sexual abuse and exploitation turned into a holistic program that helps women in Asia start a new life and pursue their dreams. Xiao Ying was abandoned when she was a young girl. She was left traveling from house to house, until finally her mother found her and sold her to a man. Terrified, she ran away and eventually ended up living with an uncle. Not long after, he was diagnosed with cancer. He could not afford the medical bills so he sent his daughter and Xiao Ying into a life of prostitution. She was hopeless and alone until she was rescued by volunteers from the SF Project. Today Xiao Ying is starting a new life in the SF shelter. Through their sponsorship program she is attending vocational school and hopes to one day have a family of her own.
What is Worldstock?
The handcrafted touch of artisan skill creates variations in color, size and design. If buying two of the same item, slight differences should be expected. Note: Color discrepancies may occur between this product and your computer screen.
Ships Carbon Neutral*
All weights and measurements are approximate and may vary slightly from the listed information.
See Treatment Guide for further information.
|Silver Overlay
|No Stone
|Worldstock Country
|Product Features
|Silver Colored Beads
|Model Number
Customer Reviews
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Great earrings at any price
These earrings are light, and very delicate. The length is perfectRead More
lvoely drop earings
larger than you might thinkRead More
Very pretty and delicate looking
Nice earrings--not too heavy (I hate heavy earrings!)Read More
Pretty earrings
While buying lots of earrings for gifts I bought these for myself thank god and kept them. I love them but they have turned copper colored on one side so don't wear them anymore. I have probably over 150 pair of earrings so they didn't get worn more than 3 times and then tarnished. None of the others I bought at the same time have done this. I would not recommend buying these. Very pretty but tarnish or silver came off.Read More
Love these.
Beautiful earrings at a great price.Read More
Starfish Project
These earrings are part of the Starfish Project which is an organization rescuing exploited women in Asia. The money raised from the sales of these earrings goes to a good cause. The earrings themselves are absolutely stunning and delicate. They are beautiful and a great bargain.Read More
Look great with everything!
When I needed some silver earrings to wear everyday, I was thrilled to find these! I was a little unsure if they would be too big or too small, since there wasn't anything to show their size. They are approximately an inch long--perfect for dressing up or down. Will get lots of wear out of these!Read More
Fake silver!
I wear a lot of silver jewelery and was very excited with the opportunity to wear a filigree item. However, upon receiving the package I was surprised by the poor quality of the ear-rings. Having worn silver all my life and being an Indian, I know my silver. This wasn't one and I am surprised that a cheap metal (that feels like Tin) is being marketed by Overstock as silver. I will think twice before picking a cheap Chinese silver product next time since Overstock's description does not match the actual product quality. I will never recommend this to a friend. This is the second productive that has come off defective from my Thanksgiving/ Cyber Monday purchase on Overstock and I am disappointed to learn that you all will be charging me over $7 when you should be taking it back for free. My only advice to other buyers, please be careful before you buy silver products from this website.Read More
Silver Earings
The "silver" earrings turned out to be "silver" plated and it was obvious after the first few wearings. I was very disappointed that you do not make it clear that they are not solid silver.Read More
My favorite earrings
These earring are wonderful. Perfect size. I did replace the back with the clamp style and that was easy to do. there was nothing wrong with the hooks, I just prefer the other style. You can't go wrong with these they ar very lovely and go with everything.Read More
Questions & Answers
These look pretty and classic, perfect for 2 gifts and 1 for myself!
Liked the look....
I had one that broke so I decided on these.
Delicate but yet makes a statement.
Love filigree.
unique design
Looks elegant and beautiful
The main reason is for it to go with a necklace I have. Plus they are beautiful earrings at a great price.
They appear to be absolutely beautiful in the on-line picture, so I hope that they are when they arrive. I'm a frequent Overstock shopper and am very, very often not disappointed.
They looked way expensive than what they were
pretty & simple look
Because I like silver and can't afford white gold or platinum. I also love filigree.
I love filigree and the world-stock philosophy.
Delicate & beautiful - and because it benefits artisans
I like them
Just like them
I thought they were pretty and ordered a pair for my mother and am about to order one for myself.
They seem to go with a dress I bought for a special occasion.
looks nice
Are these earring made of .925 silver? Are the fish hook wire .925 as well? And are they rhodium treated?
Hello gulfbreezer, I hope your morning is starting well. The earring hooks are stamped silver the earrings are not. I cannot speak to the rhodium content. If you are looking for Sterling Silver we would not recommend them. Thank you for shopping with us.
Earring description lists hook clasps. How does the hook close? Do you have a picture of the clasp closed?
They don't snap together. They are just the wire kind that go through your ear and the kind that you can put the clear stoppers on in the back. I can't remember if they come with the stoppers or not.
I love the earrings, but the hook themselves are so flimsy and soft that they both bent loose and fell off. I have never had a single earring do that, and both of these did- while in my jewelery kit. I went to the hobby store and bought new hooks and now they are fine. I just feel lucky that the hooks did not come loose while I was wearing them or I would have lost them.
Just a fish hook. No clasp. You can add a stopper if you like. I have had no problems with mine.
They do not come with the stoppers. I have worn without the stoppers and have had no problems. However, if you have stoppers use them, especially in the winter when we wear so much extra clothing that they might get caught and/or lost.
its a fishhook back I have them they are quite comfortable and lightweight but very sturdy lovely design
The manufacturer probably changed the hook style due to complaints about the clasp breaking. I bought my niece a pair for Christmas (2013) and they were just fish hook wires. She loved them.
The earring description also indicates it is real silver. They are not. This type of misleading description is common with O.Co and is not the first time I was mislead by them on "silver" jewelry.
Are these earrings made of sterling silver? If not, what is the metal material the earrings are made of?
Yes, it is made of sterling silver.
I have those earrings and they are not silver as after a few wearings the finish wore off and they are now 2 tone. Silver and copper color on both earrings. Very disappointed in the quality of this product.
Shopping Tips & Inspiration
5 Essential Hoop Earrings for a Modern Wardrobe
5 Essential Hoop Earrings for a Modern Wardrobe from Overstock.com. Hoops are a classic style, but that doesn't mean they are boring. Try these top styles to wake up your wardrobe.
FAQs about Sterling Silver
FAQs about Sterling Silver from Overstock.com. Do you have questions about sterling silver jewelry? We've compiled the answers to the questions we get the most.
Earring Buying Guide
Earring Buying Guide from Overstock.com. Our guides provide customers with information about earrings and advice about our many brand-name products.
History of Sterling Jewelry
History of Sterling Jewelry from Overstock.com. Our guides provide customers with information about the history of sterling jewelry and advice about our many brand-name products.
Top 10 Sterling Silver Jewelry Styles
Top 10 Sterling Silver Jewelry Styles from Overstock.com. Our guides provide customers with the top 10 sterling silver jewelry styles and advice about our many brand-name products.
How to Buy Sterling Silver Jewelry
How to Buy Sterling Silver Jewelry from Overstock.com. Our guides provide customers with information about how to buy sterling silver jewelry and advice about our many brand-name products.
Silver Types Fact Sheet
Silver Types Fact Sheet from Overstock.com. Our guides provide customers with information about the types of silver and advice about our many brand-name products.
Top 5 Silver Earring Styles
Top 5 Silver Earring Styles from Overstock.com. Our guides provide customers with information about the top 5 silver earring styles and advice about our many brand-name products.
Why Handmade Earrings are Eco-Friendly
Why Handmade Earrings are Eco-Friendly from Overstock.com. Our guides provide customers with information about why handmade earrings are eco-Friendly and advice about our many brand-name products.
How to Store Earrings
How to Store Earrings from Overstock.com. Our guides provide customers with information about how to store earrings and advice about our many brand-name products.
The Age of Agate
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Wedding Bells At Pride Parade
"It's not just gay marriage, to us it is marriage. Whether it's gay, straight, lesbian, or anything in between, every person should have the right to marry whomever they want and to be happy."
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Usually leaves our warehouse in 1-2 business days. *
Standard Return Policy for Jewelry:
Items must be returned in new or unused condition and contain all original materials included with the shipment.
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Our standard shipping method is ground shipping. We also offer expedited shipping for most items. Your final
shipping cost and estimated delivery timeframe will be available at checkout.
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** Most Oversize orders are delivered within 1-4 weeks. Some orders may take 6 weeks to be delivered.


text:
Nb: infants must be under the age of 2 and
children must be under the age of 12 at the time of
Modern resort, built in 2008. In the resort 200 m from the centre of Rauris, in a quiet, sunny position, 300 m from the skiing area. For shared use: indoor pool. Terrace, garden furniture. In the complex: reception, bar, sauna, fitness room, storage room for skis. Bread roll service possible. Motor access to the house. Parking at the house, communal covered parking. Shop, grocery 200 m, restaurant 30 m, railway station "Taxenbach" 10 km. Skisport facilities 300 m, ski bus stop 200 m, cross country ski track 50 m. Please note: the photograph shows a typical example. Spacious holiday complex with approx. 120 accommodation units. The houses are designed in the alpine country style and comprise 6 to 8 apartments. In the central building for shared use: spa centre with indoor and outdoor swimming pool, jacuzzis, sauna, steam bath, gym room, relaxation room. Massages and beauty centre available at extra cost. Bathrobe and slippers at extra cost. Garage parking space subject to availability. Bread roll service and welcome package available at extra cost. Internet corner, Internet access: modem payable locally (extra). All apartments have a bathroom or shower/WC and a balcony or a terrace. 4-room apartment 71 m2, comfortable and tasteful furnishings: entrance hall. Living/dining room with 2 sleeping facilities, dining nook and cable TV. Exit to the balcony. 2 rooms, each room with 1 double bed (1 x 140 cm). 1 room with 2 beds. Open kitchen (4 hot plates, oven, dishwasher, microwave). Bathroom, shower/WC, sep. WC. Balcony. Beautiful view of the mountains and the countryside. Facilities: iron. Internet (Dial up/ISDN, free). 1 pet/ dog allowed. The third bedroom with 2 single beds can alternatively have 2 bunk beds. The living/dining room has either a double sofa bed or extra beds.
Iglu acts as a travel agent for disclosed principals/tour operators, further details
of which will be made available at the time of booking. Your holiday contract will
be bound by the tour operators terms and conditions.
Prices are shown for a basic room or unit, can be subject to change and are indicative
until time of booking. Please call on 020 8544 7114 for prices for other travel
and room options for this property.
The price shown includes 7 nights accommodation,
on an accommodation only basis.
Prices shown are per person per week based on maximum occupancy. Descriptions and
quality ratings are provided by the Tour Operator (or one of the Tour Operators
where similar holidays are offered by more than one supplier). We reserve the right
to make minor adjustments to the description or rating based on staff and customer
feedback. For payments by credit card, a 2.5% credit card charge (4% for AMEX) will
be added to your invoice. If you pay by a UK issued debit card, there is no charge.
All bookings are subject to a £5 per person Passenger Admin Fee charged by Iglu.com.


text:
The World's Largest Store of luxury candles. Celebrating 12 Years in Business!
WoodWick TranquiliTea Mini Candle is like sinking into your favorite chair and letting the soothing aroma of steaming hot herbal tea remove the stress of your day.
Highly fragranced WoodWick Mini Jar Candles feature a natural wick made from organic wood to create the soothing sound of a crackling fire with exceptional fragrance. WoodWick Candles combine Old World craftsmanship and the best of modern methods to offer you truly unique candles with amazing fragrances from the first inch to the last! Using only a high quality soy wax blend and premium fragrance, each WoodWick Candle is carefully crafted by experienced candle-makers passionate about creating the best candles possible.
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text:
jessica sanchez
Jessica Sanchez Channels Her Inner Actress On 'Me, You & The Music'
Jessica Sanchez became a household name during Season 11 of American Idol with her powerhouse vocals. The season runner-up, Sanchez grew up singing Whitney Houston and Disney songs so it comes as no surprise that […]
Carly Rae Jepsen, The Wanted Ask You To Move Your Body In New PSA
To help Michelle Obama in her goal to end childhood obesity, a few familiar faces are urging kids to move their body in a new PSA. In the clip, celebrities like Carly Rae Jepsen, Austin […]
'American Idol' Runner-Up Jessica Sanchez Officially Joins 'Glee'
No word yet on who she'll play, but she'll be there.
Jessica Sanchez Releasing Album, Possibly Heading to the Big Screen
Jessica Sanchez just signed a record deal and is getting ready to release her first album in October. But that's not the only thing the young singer's got planned post-Idol.
"American Idol" Highlights The Best of Season 11 With New Releases
From runner-up Jessica Sanchez's take on the Whitney Houston classic, "I Will Always Love You" to Joshua Ledet's show stopping performance of "It's a Man's Man's Man's World," it's obvious season 11 of Idol had some major talent. To celebrate this fact, the show is releasing the best covers from the top 10 finalists, along with a few more recordings from your favorites among the top 5.
'Glee' Enlists Jessica Sanchez For Next Season
Jessica Sanchez might have been the runner-up on this season of 'American Idol,' but she just got herself a winning gig. The 16-year-old is in talks to join 'Glee' next season for a multi-episode role.
A Healthy Phillip Phillips Returns To The Stage
Phillip Phillips isn't wasting any time after his recent kidney surgery. The newest American Idol is heading to our nation's capital for his first post-show performance. After taking a few weeks off to recuperate from […]
Jessica Sanchez and Phillip Phillips In "The Idol Bubble"
After last night's finale episode of American Idol, Mix 104.1/Boston talked to finalists Jessica Sanchez and Phillip Phillips. What you may not have realized about Idol contestants is they have no idea what's going on […]
American Idol Recap: In The End, Phil Had The Better Song
It was finale night on Idol, a time for the final two contestants to get the spotlight without a lot of filler, and while Jessia Sanchez may have had the best performance of the night, […]
American Idol 2012 Winner Prediction [UPDATED 05/18]
We've compiled the latest odds from online sportsbooks Pinnacle, Paddy Power and Bovada, averaged them out and come up with our own numbers for who will win American Idol this year. Skylar Laine, Hollie Cavanagh and Joshua […]


text:
Bring that guy back and lets talk some politics. I hope my views are different.
Bill Belichick on "putting the tape on"
Waffle House?
I don't get how I'm a "Muslim-loving scumbag", I was just merely pointing out some inconsistencies in his argument. I don't think they're all terrorists.
Advancing my beliefs? Where the hell did that one come from? Hilarious stuff.
Damn, whoever said (aside from Madeline Albright and Randy Shannon) that nothing good happens after midnight apparently hasn't been on the FH boards. These kinds of threads are actually my sweet spot (since unlike some errr, nocturnals around here, I don't have to make up stories or fabricate what I actually believe to stir the cauldron). However since pulling my old Specialized MB out of mothballs for early morning endorphin-elevating rides, it's hard for me to make it even past midnight.
Anyway, under the theory of "Better Late Than Never," thought I'd contribute to that thread in my own fashion.
Last edited by Vaark; 09-28-2010 at 08:40 AM.
Oh my! Maybe I should switch to a night shift so I can catch some of these threads!
If this was posted two weeks prior I would have been in Taiwan and caught this right after it was posted.
God ****ing dam it!!!!!
or is that
Allah ****ing dam it!!!!!
or for you atheists out there
blank ****ing dam it!!!!!
"Frank's Redhot - I Put That **** On Everything!" ~ Ethel
He's pinked, so if he wants to come back and plead his case, he's more than welcome to.
Haha..Now how did all this happen?


text:
13th August, 2008Excellence in Research for AustraliaAustralian Research CouncilGPO Box 2702Canberra ACT 2601
Dear Sir/Madam,
This is a submission by the World Archaeological Congress on journal rankings for the Excellence in Research for Australia (ERA) initiative.
The Hon Julie Bishop MPMinister for Education, Science and TrainingMinister Assisting the Prime Minister for Women's IssuesParliament HouseCANBERRA ACT 2600
Dear Minister,
Archaeology and Australia's National History Curriculum
28th April, 2008To the Prime Minister of Greece, Mr Konstantinos KaramanlisMaximos Mansion19 Irodou Attikou St.106-74Athens GreeceYour Excellency,The World Archaeological Congress would like to express its strong opposition to thedevelopment proposed by the British company Minoan Group in the archaeologically rich,arid, windswept, uninhabited north-east corner of Crete, called Cavo Sidero. This letter isto draw your attention to the archaeological richness of this area, and to the threat posed tothis area by the proposed development.
Click here for PDF version
28th April, 2008Greg TerrillAssistant SecretaryWH Commissioner (Australia)Heritage DivisionDepartment of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the ArtsDear Mr Terrill,
21 December 2007
Rick StengelManaging EditorTime MagazineU.S.A.
Dear Mr Stengel,
The World Archaeological Congress (WAC) is surprised and disappointed that the editorsof Time allowed a story such as "Antiquities: the Hottest Investment" to be publishedwithout providing a more balanced account of the myriad consequences associated with thetrade in antiquities. Many of our members, comprised of those involved in archaeology andheritage issues in over 90 countries, read this article with utter disbelief. We call upon Timeto retract its apparent advocacy of a practice that is so clearly detrimental to ourunderstanding of our own human past and to make amends by informing its readers of thebroader implications underpinning this article.
The direct link between the global antiquities market and the irreversible destruction – as aresult of looting - of archaeological sites the world over is well documented. By blatantlyencouraging readers to acquire archaeological material as a sound investment, this articlestimulates fails to examine the nefarious consequences of collecting – artifacts ripped fromthe ground, the desecration of tombs and burials, temples and monuments alldecontextualized and devoid of information that they might provide about past societies andbeliefs of people in ancient times.
While the article begins by highlighting the sale of the Guennol Lion, a supposedly "legallyacquired" antiquity (according to the laws and ethics of 1948), it fails to discuss the harshrealities that all too often these illegally excavated materials are leaving regions (usuallyless-developed) torn by war and/or economic distress, coming into wealthy (moreeconomically developed) countries through a series of illegal maneuvers.
Your article cites two antiquities dealers, who make their living by stimulating demand forthese objects. It unashamedly promotes the valuing of these objects as investments (as wellas their value as markers of taste and wealth). Nowhere in the article is the value of thesepieces as archaeological artifacts mentioned. Unfortunately, whenever an ancient object isremoved from its context, it obliterates most of the clues that archaeologists and others canuse to interpret and understand the past.
The depiction of antiquities as legitimate objects for investment is extremely disturbing inits disregard for international law regarding cultural property. Behind every object thatsurfaces on the antiquities market is a story that more often than not is one of illegal export,questionable provenance, possible forgery, regions racked by civil unrest or economichardship, and gaping holes left in the ground or on temple walls. In truth, it is difficult todescribe or imagine the degree of destruction that takes place in order to find one smallobject worthy of the antiquities market. Global trafficking in antiquities leads to destructionof archaeological sites and loss of information about cultural heritage. The article points toa serious issue that has arisen since the invasion of Iraq- the loss of that country's culturalproperty. The statue depicted in the piece is described as coming from a "dig nearBaghdad." It is no part of the practice of archaeology to provide objects for economicconsumption.
In addition, objects that were originally placed with burials are frequently targeted bylooters when searching for material for sale. The practice of investment in antiquites isclearly linked to the destruction and disrespect shown for human graves. By urginginvestment in all types of objects, Time is positioning itself as an advocate for adehumanizing practice.
We would call your (and your readers' and writer's) attention to the Red Lists published bythe International Council of Museums as an attempt to trace some of the hordes of objectscoming out of Afghanistan, Africa, Iraq, and Latin America to satisfy the acquired tastes ofcollectors (http://icom.museum/redlist/). These lists represent only a small portion of amuch larger phenomenon that supplies the "increased interest in art and antiquities as aninvestment" that your article promotes. This amounts to the destruction andcommodification, for the sake of vanity, of someone else´s valued heritage.
The article notes that recent laws have restricted the importation of antiquities. These lawswere passed for good reason and it is irresponsible to consider only their impact on themarket and not on the cultural heritage they were designed to protect.
Tastes in collecting are shaped by dealers and by articles just such as the one you publishedon December 13. It seems unconscionable for Time to promote the collecting of antiquitiesin this manner, without addressing the broader consequences. We look forward to a morebalanced and nuanced treatment of this subject by your magazine and greater accountabilityon the part of your editors. Considering the vast influence that Time magazine has amongsuch a wide spectrum of the public, we ask that you consider running a series of stories inyour magazine to counter the damage done by this article.
Yours sincerely,
Claire SmithPresident


text:
Our camp is located inside Wadi Rum protected area, about 11kms from Rum Village. it's based around a number of... More Info »
The Bedouin tents are all weather proof with doors, windows and beds. Each tents have a mattress on each bed and a... More Info »
All of our team are bedouin born in the Wadi Rum desert. We have many years experience working in tourim industry,... More Info »
This is a small Camp owned by the local Bedouins and located inside the Wadi Rum Protected Area. The place is in the... More Info »
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Summary: Inspired error! Biblical contradictions about being able to see God and live. The contradiction of David's prayer stating he was "spotless" as opposed to his actions during that time.
Was Judas repentant or not? The Bible shows it both ways.
Different versions of ancient texts that disagree, and the selection of different books for the bible done by committee.