text:
- Marc Goodman
- San Francisco, CA
- United States
INTERPOL-International Criminal Police Organization
This conversation is closed.
What is the greatest security challenge facing humanity today?
What do you see as the most pressing global security challenges of the 21st century? The broad themes are crime, terrorism, warfare and corruption.
Of course security is a theme which transcends many of the biggest issues facing our planet today, including environment change, access to clean water, poverty and disease/pandemic, to name but a few.
In your opinion, what do you view as the greatest security challenge facing mankind?
What steps can we take now to positively impact the greatest number of people from a global security perspective?
How might an innovative emerging technologies, such as artificial intelligence, robotics, nanotech, biology, ubiquitous computing, genomics, synthetic biology, etc help resolve this challenge?
Thanks in advance for your input.
Adam Burk
Mar 24 2011: Our greatest security risk is the collective manifestation of neglected character development. Collectively, citizens of developed countries act out immaturity to such an extent that life is threatened everywhere. We talk about these as the issues of climate change, financial crises, unemployment rates, wars, etc.
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In other words, if we trace all the issues listed in the start of this conversation and many of those listed in response--military spending, resource abuse, etc.--we will see that either the enactment of superior human qualities or the lack thereof are at the root.
Character development, taken on by daring individuals is truly what is needed. For example, our issues of carbon emissions could be remedied if each of us (particularly those who have washing machines and fly in airplanes) applied the brakes on our consumption, refined our choices, and practiced mature restraint.
As Bill McKibben has pointed out we have already altered our planet to the point that it might as well be called Eaarth to capture that this is a different planet now. This being so, we will need to create technical solutions to deal with the effects of our long unrestrained abuse of the earth and its peoples. And we also have a long list of remedies for climate change that involves no innovation, but rather behavior changes. We must care enough to do this, and thus is comes back to character development.
Lastly, while I highlight climate change, character development is again the core answer to any of the world's crises--financial, violence, etc. If enough individuals cultivate superior human qualities in themselves, then practices of greed and violence will be stripped out of our economic and institutional DNA, and practices of compassion and support for the greater good will replace them in the long-term.
Debra Smith
Mar 25 2011: Hi Adam!I agree that we are striking the same warning note. I try to answer each question in response to the questioner trying to surmise what they might need from me in an answer. The person who framed this question is affiliated with Interpol. Thus, I am not sure how he could plug in the theme of character development. He can, however, approach the concept of corruption. That is a security issue that he can take back to his community, convince them that there is a great body in agreement that it is urgent and wage war against. I love it that you are so astute about character development and agree that it is lacking. It is so important to the growth and strength of any society and yet- it has been so neglected today (I cite the banking crisis and the fact that no one has been charged). It will take a ground swell of a movement to change it but it has to start one person at a time. You are already radiating strength of character out to the world.
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Mar 26 2011: If it would be easy to just plant more plants to sequester the excess CO2 then we probably would be already doing it. Unfortunatelym things aren't that streight forward.
As to your last paragraph: i think it was a poor choice of words as you can see from the responses, although I think I understand what you actually wanted to express.
I interpret it as, the best way to make changes happen, is to be an example. A doctor, chain smoking cigarettes is probably in a difficult position to convince somebody that smoking is bad.
So let's just rephrase your thought into a quote from Mahatma Gandhi: "You must be the change you want to see in the world"Mar 26 2011: Hi Adam, I can't talk about you and whether your weight is just right, too low or too high is your personal issue and most certainly shouldn't be up for debate. However, I see you are doing a lot of good things and I applaud you for that. If everybody would do just a little bit, it would add up and have significant impact on our world.Mar 25 2011: The truth is inevitable and all these problems mentioned here have the same cause: world has too much PEOPLE. How to solve this is one of the challenges we will face on the next decades.
Mar 26 2011: Mario, I highly recommend checking out the conversation Hans Rosling started about what statistics are telling us about population growth and where to focus our efforts.
Mar 27 2011: I'll look on that, thanks!
Harald Jezek
Mar 29 2011: Frederic, nothing is preventing me to plant a tree. Actually, I'm in the lucky situation of owning a 1600 m2 backyard, which I converted in a food forest, expecting, that whithin 3 years, I'll be able to cover 100% of my veggie/fruit demand out of the comfort of my home.
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BUT, that's me. How many city dwellers do you think can easily follow that example ?
Beside, the solution to the problem is not producing pollution and then trying to offset it somehow, but to AVOID it in the first place.
Tim Colgan
Mar 24 2011: The greatest security risk?
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How about the fact that one country spends more on it's military then the rest of the world combined?
Mar 24 2011: That is a good one, Tim.Mar 24 2011: That plus the fact that governments of the country usually try to convince population that they are on a mission for expanding democracy around the world. This can be very very dangerous.
Larry Dotson
Mar 26 2011: As a national security professional, I worry about the future of the planet and of humanity itself. In the near term, the next 15-20 years, the existence of the vast majority of the world's population will continue to be at risk for daily survival. Conditions at the micro-level of society - the daily struggle to survive and the personal desire to find a better future are pushing waves of population migrations that exceed all major population migrations of the history of mankind put together. Humanity has, and always, will migrate. The current vast migrations of populations from zones of marginal living towards those zones that offer relative security (physical and economic) continue to set conditions for exploitation by those who, as Mr. Burke points out, lack fundamental character. Mass migrations bring disenfranchised people and create security challenges for even the most stable of governments.
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Unfortunately, we are still a world where seeds of conflict are easily sown and carried. We're still a world exploited for economic gain at the corporate and individual level. And we're a world with continued unchecked population growth - that will continue to demand we consume the Earth's resources and kill its biodiversity at alarming rates. Until population growth is checked and migrations regulated to sustainable rates we will not see a more stable planet. Instability will continue to be a dominant shaping force on the planet.
The Department of Defense does expend a great deal of focus on shaping security for future generations. For example we are working in Africa across all fields and disciplines, with USAID, with State Department, with non-governmental organizations, to promote African nations' ability to fight corruption, to respect human rights and provide good governance. My fear is that this is only a bandage. What is needed is fundamental change in future generations to understand that humanity's collective action threatens all of us.
Mar 28 2011: Hi Larry,
your work is very important. But how does a bureau like USAID ensure, that it's choices, fundings and projects are the most effective possible?
thank you and your colleagues for what you achieve and what you tryMar 26 2011: EGO is the biggest "security" challenge for mankind for all times of humans evolution....
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Apr 11 2011: agreeApr 15 2011: Can you be more specific?
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Apr 17 2011: I disagree with your claim about Kant, though you may be right in the spin Hegel puts on the whole thing. Kant was hardly a moral relativist, as you seem to have painted him here. Rather, he believed that while we could not draw conclusions about the nature of the world beyond our filtering, we could draw a number of objective conclusions based on the structural form of thinking itself.
I disagree on a deeper level with your explicit claim that we hear relativism on all sides, as there are any number of holy-scripture-quoting people perfectly willing to impose their version of absolute truth on us all. There are thousands of years worth of history to illustrate that those are similarly unrealistic solutions.
The real question comes when we ask, then, according to the criteria you've set up, what would count as a "realistic" philosophy?Mar 29 2011: What is the greatest security challenge?
The greatest security challenge is man intention to utilize other people resources for his own benefit without paying the price to the resource owner
this is done every day by individuals and by powerful country like USA went to Iraq for OIL
if every one committed not to take other resources without pay the price then every one will feel safeMar 28 2011: I think the most pressing challenge the world is facing is the policy of marketing that the capitalism is leading .This policy has given people everything they need ,but has killed the feeling of being humans inside us .People have become interested in benefiting from anything regardless of some teachings that religion ,humanity or other moral references encourage us to follow .
Marc Goodman
Mar 27 2011: I really want to thank all of you who have provided such excellent comments to my original question. Many offered perspectives that I had not previously considered.
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As I read through your messages, each falls broadly into one of the following categories:
*Abuse of natural resources
*Military spending
*Lack of character or too much ego/selfishness/materialism
*Lack of education
*Cybercrime/emerging technologies/telerobotics
My goal in posing my original question was not purely academic. Rather, I'm trying to positively influence our common global security and hope to make a true difference doing so. I know this may sound like "pie in the sky" thinking given all the challenges enumerated above. That said, one has to try and I believe that is what TED is all about.
Since the "T" in TED stands for technology (and it is part of my own background and experience), I believe it has the potential to play a useful roll in promoting global security. That said, as many of you noted, technology can also pose a threat as well.
I understand clearly the importance of character, education and the judicious use of our precious natural resources, but as a security professional, those are not my particular areas of deep expertise (though I'm always willing to learn more!)
In considering some of the security threats I raised in the initial question: crime, terrorism, warfare and corruption--what specific steps might we take to reduce the harm to society that these challenges pose?
More specifically, I would like to cleverly leverage technology (T in TED) to make a significant and positive impact in those domains, if possible. Of course I understand technology is no panacea, but I believe it can play a positive role in our common response.
I welcome your continued co feedback on how we might credibly leverage technology to reduce the social harm caused by crime, terrorism, war and corruption. Thank you all.
Mar 28 2011: Here's what INTERPOL needs:
1. A budget 100x larger than what's allocated to the UN itself.
2. A full-spectrum of intelligence capabilities.
3. A large network of state-of-the-art remote sensing platforms
4. The world's largest network of informants
5. A pool of case officers that covers the whole spectrum of the world's languages and at sufficient capacity
6. The ability work in dual roles in a cooperative and coordinative role with national security forces and simultaneously act as an international honest broker when your allies violate their own and international laws
Realistically, INTERPOL isn't going to get any of that with a budget of EUR 60 mil, and at best it'll probably only serve in a coordination role with very little authority. Although it may not have physical intelligence assets, it could use AI to gather and translate open source intelligence (OSI), and use it to collapse probability fields to make educated guesses in its areas of interest - which would simulate what actual domestic and foreign intelligence agencies do but at much lower costs. You need Common LISP programmers, physicists, psychologists, and cultural anthropologists.to develop your software, a supercomputer farm, an ITSEC team that can defend it, and a method of giving relevant information to interested stakeholders.
Tim Colgan
Apr 11 2011: Why not just cover the globe with video cameras, connect them to the internet (with replay) and let the public do the surveillance?
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This will happen. And a lot sooner then INTERPOL or any other govt bureaucracy gets up to speed.
Apr 15 2011: It's not the cheapest endeavor, something even second world countries can't afford.Mar 28 2011: Marc, quickly I just want to say, I applaud your reasons and hopes for asking this question. You embody the essence of TED, and the orientation in character that I detailed in my post. Thanks and keep up the good work.Mar 29 2011: Marc: "...what specific steps might we take to reduce the harm to society that these challenges pose?"
Isn't that a little bit like the patient asking the doctor for some remedy against his head aches, instead having a check up to see what actually causes de head aches ?
I think if we only try to reduce the impact of above mentioned challenges on society, we always will be a step behind.
We need to look at the root causes responsible for crimes, and start working there. In other words, we need to work on prevention and on removing environments where crimes can breed.
Tackling issues such as poverty and education would be something to start with.Apr 11 2011: In terms of technology - the proliferation of electronic media, and the move away from print as the dominant form of media, is indirectly responsible for a great many security risks.
As Neil Postman observed in "Amusing Ourselves to Death" electronic media doesn't just change how we communicate, it ends up changing the actual content of what we say. For example, more and more people understand the world through overly short, overly simplified data - news stories that last 30 seconds, then switch immediately to the next 30 second story so that the viewer doesn't have time to actually think about the first. We have info from all the over the world at near instant speeds, but we rarely say anything that delves beneath the surface of things. This shift in public discourse undeniably conditions the way our minds work and view the world.
To give only one example of a consequence, some years ago Americans (and other Western nations) got involved in Somalia. The news said, "They're starving, let's send food and money" and showed some photos of skinny children. We sent food, money, personnel - for years, in fact. The truth is that famines are not a problem with farms, but with the market. Destabilization, violence, corruption, all escalated, while a few Americans and Somalis got rich. The public, meanwhile, makes their donation, feels good, then forgets all about it. The reality was too complex to make a good story - but you do more harm than good by blindly sending aid to a society much different than ours.
The simplistic mindset of, "they are hungry, if we send them food everything will be ok" lead to tremendous amounts of suffering and death. While I wasn't around back in the days of a typographically-oriented society, the nature of print fosters the ability to follow a line of thought over several (or several hundred) pages - an ability that seems to be fading in our oversimple, culturally-amnesiac society. The Somali pirates of today are one direct resultMar 26 2011: I view security the same way I view health. Direct security is important, but we cannot anticipate every possible threat/disease. So it's important to create a robust, healthy society that can recover from the massive, inevitable shocks that will come from living in a world this interconnected. If people are happy, healthy, educated, socially connected, empathetic, and treated fairly, they will be disinclined to create instability. Crime, terrorism, etc. are partly just symptoms of social disease, and they are not the diseases themselves. Tackling "insecurity" at its root requires a combination of (1) prevention, (2) "disease-fighting", and (3) the ability to recover from devastating attacks -- all components of health.
With all that said, I think "cybercrime" is among the biggest threats to global security. Digital problems are more decentralized (tough to control) and have a larger scale factor than analog problems (fast, big impact).
To take one example, our money is insecure. The Federal Reserve digitally created and loaned out 9 Trillion dollars with no oversight for criminal bankers. If (other) criminals manage to create and permeate a large amount of money digitally, how would we know? How would we recover from a "cyber attack" on our money? If the Federal Reserve has zero transparency or accountability with respect to its money creation, so we have no way of keeping track of money once it is created, or how often it is created, or who gets it once it is created, etc.
We need a way to trace and to electronically verify the "authenticity" of every digital dollar/euro/yen in existence in order to prevent digital counterfeiting, combat it once it happens, and recover from attacks on the financial system. Otherwise, continual abuses of the power to create digital money by non-state actors seems not only possible, but likely:
(key words: 9 TRillion dollars, no constraints)
Mar 27 2011: Printed currency accounts for less than 5% of all money circulating in the economy. Most counterfeited currencies are floating abroad internationally. Most of the money in an economy is locked up in large denomination ($100k+) certificates of deposit and bonds, or is floating around in international currency speculation markets. The Federal Reserve is America's number one creditor and holder of public debt.
I would argue that intellectual property theft is an even bigger problem than counterfeiting. There are many developing and advanced nations that direct their intelligence services primarily towards economic espionage and IP theft, and a few have economies almost entirely based on it, which undermines INTERPOL's efforts in dealing with the problem.
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Mar 25 2011: Mark, I like what you are seeing and agree. David Orr talks about this to some extent in his book The Nature of Design. Also a quote that comes to mind that I think really compliments what you are saying is "Understanding the nature of change, changes the nature of understanding." -Gola Wolf Richards http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l16riInjgh4
Debra Smith
Mar 24 2011: If I try to reduce it to the factor that I think is the most insidious and most problematic at the deepest level- I guess I think the problem is corruption. With corruption comes the inability to deal at a collective level with any of the other problems like terrorism, food security, environmental change, banking crises or curing of diseases. Corruption undermines governmental efforts, efforts of NGOs and of businesses. Corruption is lucrative and the money has a lure that seems to deaden conscience and any sense that another human being is important. The WTO tries to quantify corruption and there are many places where it is virtually impossible to spread economic development because of corruption. I am not sure I expressed that well but corruption is my answer to your question concerning the most serious security threat.
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Mar 24 2011: Debra, I approach this from a different angle in my post. I agree with you that lack of character development has brought upon us the multitude of crises we face from climate change to war to economics. And as you can read in my post, I highlight the cultivation of superior human qualities as the answer to these issues as well.
Lukas Müller
Mar 24 2011: Our mindless use of resources, which can not be sustained, but is the base of our societies - and their stability.
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We have to adapt to a rise in price of energy (e.g. oil & food - like the inefficient meat) and materials and there are two ways to do that: voluntarily, which means by ourselves, before it is too late and if that doesn't work, involuntarily, which means by environmental pressures giving us not other choice. The latter poses the greatest threat to our security I would suggest. In reality it will, by definiton, have te be always something in between both possibilities. Because you can only tackle a problem as long as you know something about it, and as long as it is (still) resolvable.
Just imagine, or better study, the supply of one modern city with food and energy, but without oil, gas, coal or nuclear, as none of these sources are sustainable.
Some cities and countries are better prepared than others, but no major community is really ready as far as I know.
Certainly the impact will be a gradual one, as the oil is not going to dry up from one day to the next. But the pace of global consumption is rising, which in turn makes the timeframe for a transition without major loss of human lifes shorter.
There are already some members of the human race concerned and engaged in defusing this time bomb by increadsing efficiency and sustainability, developing social and technical innovation, of which TED certainly is one haven. But humans have a strong tendency to only rise once a problem is on their doorstep.
So I believe we will either see a mass movement towards sustainability - which means to acquire and network existing and approaching knowledge in order to live a sustanable private and business life - or the break-down of the human civilisation.
I would bet on the first outcome, as I wouldn't have much to win or loose in the second scenario anyway.Apr 16 2011: One of the greatest security challenges facing humanity today is the lack of independent security research and development capabilities in law enforcement.
To address future risks to humanity on a global scale we need adequate law enforcement R&D collaboration on a global scale that is not commercially (therefore reactively) biased. This is particularly true for security intelligence systems.
Law enforcement cannot afford to remain in a "playing catch-up with criminals mode". The stakes are too high when one considers the exponential growth curve and concentration risk associated with our increased adoption and reliance upon online systems.Apr 16 2011: As long as nuclear war can destroy millions of people in one act of insanity, how can it not pose the biggest security challenge for every country? The fallout alone could poison the environment and kill remnant populations for decades if not centuries. Maybe I don't understand the question. Aside from a Yellowstone mega-volcanic cataclysm, what greater
global security threat could exist?
Apr 22 2011: Not to be dissenting but to offer a possible reason. "How can it not [be]..." The likelihood of it happening. Of course that's discounted if one believes that there's a high likelihood.Apr 15 2011: I'd say that securing critical infrastructures and services over the Internet is the greatest security challenge that humanity is already facing today and will be for the next 10 or so years.
It's beyond doubt that everything nowadays depends on technology and to be more specific on computers.
Those computer systems need to be interconnected, in order to provide their services either directly or indirectly to people.
The IRS, SSN, banks, medical records, cctv systems, billings (water, fixed and mobile phones, electricity etc) are all on-line.
If anyone get's access to such systems, then everybody is a potential victim and could be in danger some time in the future.
Stuxnet is a very good example of what worms and viruses (hence people) are able to achieve.
This is just the beginning of a series of cyber warfare operations going on.
And there are a lot of people who already have illegal access to such systems all over the world.
Individuals, governments, terrorist or not groups, activists etc.
Securing all those infrastructures IS the hardest thing to do, since the most safe PC is the one that is locked in a basement room, with no power and no Ethernet connection whatsoever.Apr 15 2011: It's hard to gauge, given new, unprecedented dangers that arise over the period of a few years. A lot of people give general answers here because of this, and I will do this as well; however, it is imperative to do some radical brainstorming because tomorrow's greatest danger will be something we would never imagine today; therefore, I'll also add something specific.
General: people quickly forget the lessons of yesteryear. How many people born today will truly understand the horrors of World War II? Eighty years down the road, a full lifetime after the rapid loss of 75 million lives, will anybody? Similar signs leading to worldwide conflict will be more difficult to appreciate for what they are.
Specific: a world that finally abandons carbon heavy fuels widely adopts nuclear energy as the next best alternative. While hard to predict at this time, a problem arises from the massive use of fossil fuels with planetary changes (similar to global warming) that cannot be identified with the limited use nuclear energy sees at the moment. [note: I'm a proponent and very well versed in nuclear energy; I still think, however, that it needs to be adopted carefully, analyzed every step of the way for similar problems.]Apr 11 2011: The biggest problem affecting the security of humanity is the growing disconnect between our actions and our awareness of their consequences- for other people and for the environment. When humans lived in small tribes in limited surroundings, there was rapid feedback about the negative consequences of behaviors that were antisocial or deleterious to the immediate environment that supported the tribe's survival. In face-to-face situations, we are adept at reading the emotional reactions of others, and in adjusting our behavior to maintain peace and stability. Without this direct feedback, however, we tend to drift into self- promoting behavior, oblivious to the consequences.
This shows up clearly in our driving behaviors, where the lack of an obvious face behind the steering wheel leads us into silly displays of road rage at perceived insults. Also in Internet "communications", which rapidly devolve into flame-wars without any body language feedback. We no longer depend on a local environment, and receive our sustenance from far-away farms and oceans; we receive no direct feedbacks about the alarming degradation of these systems. We are a world of small tribes- sensitive to those we have facetime with, but with little feeling or compassion for faceless others who get lumped into categories such as Liberals, or Muslims, or CEO's, or illegal immigrants, and etc.
If technology could put more of a human face on the consequences of our actions, to replace the feedback systems that we have evolved to respond to, then we might be able to identify, agree upon, and support solutions to problems that threaten us more than most are willing to believe.Apr 10 2011: Fear. These days, fear has become a moral imperative, as if decisions taken from any other perspective must be inherently faulty. Today is lost in a miasm of terror about imagined futures. That is the current tragedy. Loss of today's compassion, humanity, love; loss of the only moment we can really affect - now - all due to fears about what could happen.
This is not to say that prudence is useless, but that the greatest problem is what's guiding our actions; fear or love.
Apr 11 2011: Agree. Fear is the primary tool of the politicians. Whether it is Al Gore volunteering to lead us in the battle against global warming, or Richard Nixon protecting us against the Communists, politicians gain power via fear-mongering.Apr 10 2011: I think the stereotypical "Terrorist" concept is a major "security problem" for everyone living outside of the USA.
Or some massive earthquake.Apr 10 2011: The lack of security training for teachers and principals in our schools. How long until terrorists step into the hallways where our children study or onto the playgrounds? If we think a few Columbine or UVA scenarios are scary, wait until trained paramilitary personnel come into the equation. This is the kind of thing that keeps me up at night.Apr 9 2011: It's the same security threat as in the past, a nuclear bomb, in any manifestation, of course. A single terrorist bomb, an exchange between countries, a tactical warhead detonated on a battlefield, etc. The threat that would keep me awake at night is a stolen (or handmade) suitcase nuke that could be detonated anywhere in the world via cellphone. A full sized nuclear bomb, which is about the size of a refrigerator can be delivered to any place in any city via shipping container in a truck, then exploded.
There will be no fingerprints, no way to trace the perpetrators. Millions could easily die in one coordinated attack. I can't think of any threat that compares.Apr 9 2011: The biggest security threat is personal Individual and human rights.
That we are fooled to believe that the people that run things for us have our interests at heart.
The systems are corrupt giving Unlimited power to a few individuals starting from the Federal reserve and
the way "Democratic" Elections occur to the Big Pharmaceutical companies having so much sway in the Governments.
Money is power and money is controlled, people are being put into debt by their governing "rulers' who have no
shame.Apr 9 2011: Technology, environmental issues etc, all are important. But the greatest threat is very simple, it is the falling apart of family structures.
Bubba B.
Apr 9 2011: Security is only an idea, an illusion, a concept. Nothing is secure.
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Having said that:
-The consumer/consumption based economic system must be killed off. It leads to the current state of parasitism that is killing us and our planet. It causes monopolists to become empowered by their greed, encourages a type of psychopathic behaviour towards others and our home.
-Religions and their differences, their pushing of bigotry, prejudice, persecution, war and the generation of irrational "fairy-tale" thinking.
-Our tendency to rely increasingly upon technologies that are unnecessary and even dehumanizing.Apr 8 2011: bio-terrorism.Apr 8 2011: A triumvirate of three interlocking problems.
1. Oil depletion, closely coupled to 2. the precarious global financial bubble, and both of those problems being exacerbated by 3. climate change.
Caught in a pincer by these three challenges is food, and this will manifest as the major breakdown symptom. Already is. Food insecurity will be the major cause of social and political unrest in coming decades.
Too many well meaning folk are dealing with these challenges as single problems rather than systemically.
Avoiding partial collapse of society that these challenges will precipitate is no longer possible, but we can do a great deal to bring about an emergent culture that is far more sane and enjoyable and sustainable.Apr 8 2011: Addressing the original post-
The emergence of non-state geographies.
Statistically it is extremely likely that within the next hundred years there will be a substantial change to the world's maps due to the effects of a rising sea level caused by climate change. From this point there will be literally hundreds of millions of displaced persons who have no choice but to overcrowd already populated areas. I think it is a reasonable assumption that this forced migration of the poorest individuals will hurt emerging economies and create substantial strife and security challenges for second and third world countries. A lack of central (or in some cases any) governmental control of an area will provide a fertile ground for everything from the growth of terrorism to corporate abuse.
The 20th century was characterized by a fracturing of nation states from larger semi-homoginous nation states. That trend resulted in the rise of conflicts that spawn genocide. The 21st century will see that trend worsen by the emergence of ungoverned and ungovernable areas that do the same.Apr 8 2011: It is even possible to create an earthquake, tsunami and other disasters
Government terrorists can create earthquakes GOVERNMENT TRANSCRIPT IN INFO
READ THIS - U.S. Department of Defense Bill Clinton Secretary of Defense William S. Cohen TRANSCRIPT-
Q: Let me ask you specifically about last week's scare here in Washington, and what we might have learned from how prepared we are to deal with that (inaudible), at B'nai Brith.
A: Well, it points out the nature of the threat. It turned out to be a false threat under the circumstances. But as we've learned in the intelligence community, we had something called -- and we have James Woolsey here to perhaps even address this question about phantom moles. The mere fear that there is a mole within an agency can set off a chain reaction and a hunt for that particular mole which can paralyze the agency for weeks and months and years even, in a search. The same thing is true about just the false scare of a threat of using some kind of a chemical weapon or a biological one. There are some reports, for example, that some countries have been trying to construct something like an Ebola Virus, and that would be a very dangerous phenomenon, to say the least. Alvin Toeffler has written about this in terms of some scientists in their laboratories trying to devise certain types of pathogens that would be ethnic specific so that they could just eliminate certain ethnic groups and races; and others are designing some sort of engineering, some sort of insects that can destroy specific crops. Others are engaging even in an eco- type of terrorism whereby they can alter the climate, set off earthquakes, volcanoes remotely through the use of electromagnetic waves.
So there are plenty of ingenious minds out there that are at work finding ways in which they can wreak terror upon other nations. It's real,Apr 7 2011: Few people seem very concerned about the potential negative impact of post-singularity information processing on human flourishing. But I emphatically am! At the extreme end of unlikelihood is the sci-fi specter of artificial intelligence that sees us as destructive viruses (The Matrix, Battlestar Galactica) at worst or as a herd of necessary organic workers or specimens to be managed (and culled perhaps like in Herbert's Dune Books). The issue of sentience usually obscures the more important issue of agency, purpose, and complexity because while philosophers struggle to imagine how a program might be sentient LIKE WE ARE - they miss the point that artificial intelligence will not be LIKE US at all. Evolutionary history of life on earth does not suggest by any means that those species at the top of the food chain are charitable or even sympathetic to those "beneath" them - in fact, it suggests the opposite: domination and an ethic of utility. Nor can we expect to retain much direct control, for at the more likely end of the range of possibilities is an ever-increasing dependency on automated systems and those who tend them. Sure some people will reap great benefits from the profits, enhanced living standards, longer life, implants, nonobots, etc - but again, history suggests that those people will NOT be the majority. As David Noble noted in his book, The Religion of Technology, going all the way back to the monastic innovations of the 13th century and on through the Calvinist-Puritan conceit that to study nature was a holy obligation to discover God's laws, to participate in the Great Work - the post-millennial return of Jesus - the sacred arts or techne was never meant to benefit EVERYONE - only the elect. I see the effects of technology on my students every day, and yet, the singularity is always presented as a fait accompli. Nothing to do about it. It is inevitable. But has technology really triumphed over culture?? I for one would not vote for it.
Apr 7 2011: Jeff, I ask students, "do you think unending technological advancement is necessary? Inevitable?" As a way to bring this paradigm into view and launch conversations.
Apr 3 2011: the wish for a global peace in my opinion is the greatest challenge to our global security.............all what's bad start from hereApr 2 2011: I'd like to turn the question back to you, Marc, by asking: what should we be teaching students in computer classes K-12 to help prepare them for defending against the challenges of the tech-integrated world they are inheriting?Mar 28 2011: I think in the long term the greatest threat to global security will be dependance on resources, namely unsustainable ones like (and I know this is cliche but maybe it has to be) hydrocarbon fuels. The more a resource becomes in demand the more dangerous a threat it becomes to the world. Third world exploitation is about resources, and it has been this way since imperialist times. First world countries have grown so dependent on our wasteful ways that we have to exploit more and more just to keep our economies running. Eventually something has to give and the power vacuum caused by control over high-demand and non-sustainable resources will cause a global crisis.Mar 28 2011: The greatest threats to our security as a global society, I believe, stem from issues related to natural resource limitations, distribution and allocation. I might also say that bad governance is to blame but I suspect that the corruption of governance also stems from conflicts that arise due to resource contention. How we tackle those problems more specifically??... is an entirely different question - whose answer would require greater thought and research.Mar 28 2011: High-tech political oppression that could last centuries once established. Internet surveillance, miniaturized/airborne robotics, targeted biological agents, and conscienceless cross-national organizations or software will create a real opportunity within the next several decades for a determined technologized tiny minority to control majorities of others. We need to be thinking how to put safeguards in place. I am a research technologist, an expert and enthusiast in artificial intelligence and web. But I think most people are not aware of the range of bad outcomes where our technological trends can take us to.Mar 28 2011: Policy that does not take into account, as of current knowledge, earth's finite resources, and in human life span terms, earth's ability to regenerate itself. The current generations will be long gone before the disastrous outcome of much of today's lazy, ideological policies will wreak havoc upon humankind. Sad, maddening.Mar 27 2011: The libya crysis is the biggest securitty that faces all humanityMar 27 2011: There are a lot of positive ideas here, and some encouraging idealism. In terms of concrete dangers we can plan for and defend against, it is only a matter of time until viruses are sophisticated enough to crawl across the cloud revising key pieces of information. The cyberdefense industry is currently all worked up over the interruption or destruction of information and the leaking of information. Those are very low-level info warfare tactics due to their obviousness and the path of strategic response. The danger I am suggesting is harder to detect, harder to chase down to every dispersal point, and, once the capability itself is distributed (not just the particular revisions to data), the offensive and defensive costs to generate trustable information channels will compound exponentially.Mar 27 2011: The real challenge is to break the illusion of separateness and to truely regard ourselves as the other. To train our minds in selflessness is the ultimate challenge.Mar 27 2011: I do not claim to be an authority in the field - this is simply a humble contribution to the question posed regarding the greatest security challenge facing humanity today?
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I believe that every problem (like those listed above) is associated with humanity as either a direct consequence or as a result of a problem created in the midst of finding a solution. Based on the broad themes supplied - they all point to a perception held by an individual or groups of individuals. Therefore I must agree with Adam Burk that in most regards our character and perceptions affects these broad themes listed.
I'm sure we have persons who became criminals as a way of life - perhaps they felt they didn't have a choice or they were born into it or the condition of the society at that given time forced them into it (a classic example would be the child soldiers that are a typical example of conflict patterns especially in developing countries - rebels or soldiers raid a place slaughter a few people and force their children to join as children soldiers - when such conflicts end what becomes of the child's battered mentality or perception?)
The real questions to ask are:
Why does corruption, crime, terrorism, warfare persist?
What is the gain for those that follow these themes in their daily life?
What encourages the proliferation of these themes listed above?
The focus should be on the human elements that actually spawn the problem or cause it proliferate - these are not self created, they occur because human beings are involved.Mar 27 2011: Maybe the greatest security challenge is the relationship between human power and natural power. The natural power is strong inside, and the human power is getting stronger. When these two powers go against each other , disaster will come along. When they trigger each other just like what happened in Japan, catastrophe is not far away.Mar 26 2011: Currently our greatest security challenge comes from the Internet, both in its use and its challenges to state sovereignty. The Internet is the most revolutionary communication technology ever invented. It gives great benefits to people and economies, but can undermine state sovereignty. Efforts by China and Iran to overcome SSL security is probably the gravest threat to international security (as was the 20 minute Internet redirect last year).
We're at the beginning of a new era of information warfare. Two possible approaches for addressing it are likely to arise. We're going to either develop a national firewall model like China or unbundle the Internet into different streams with different levels of security and redundancy, or perhaps combine the two. By unbundling, I mean putting vital infrastructure on its own secure and multiply redundant network; as well as regulated economic, scientific, and technical activities, and government communications.
As someone who's interested in telerobotics, there's a great ability to unleash economic potential by overcoming geographic constraints. But I recognize that there will be a new host of security challenges, particularly from state and nonstate actors who could use telerobots to bypass physical border controls and have direct physical access through virtual means. Although I want to focus on economically productive technologies, advanced nations have been developing military applications for decades.
More likely, we're moving towards a future where network pigeonholing and traffic surveillance will become necessary. I would even go so far as to say that security forces may need the same kinds of authority in dealing with people virtually as they have in the physical realm, particularly when their own nationals or network nodes located within their own borders are involved. Ideally blocs of nations will develop behavioral standards that strengthen the international system and that hold people accountable.
Mar 26 2011: Phil, I am very interested in what you are talking about. This idea makes sense to me: "By unbundling, I mean putting vital infrastructure on its own secure and multiply redundant network; as well as regulated economic, scientific, and technical activities, and government communications."
Because I don't understand fully what you are saying in the following passage it scares me, can you elaborate?
"I would even go so far as to say that security forces may need the same kinds of authority in dealing with people virtually as they have in the physical realm, particularly when their own nationals or network nodes located within their own borders are involved."
Mar 27 2011: We already have an international legal principle of home rule, where local jurisdiction has supremacy. The challenge with telerobotics is that you will be in two places simultaneously, and most likely freedoms granted by one place would be illegal in another. In such situations, laws become paradoxical and they breakdown. If I wanted to be a law-abiding person, which set of laws hold?
If I have a robotic avatar in the UK and I hand out literature that personally slanders a politician, according to the UK I have broken their laws, even though in the US I haven't. Let's take a more serious case and suppose someone were to use a telerobotic avatar to rob a bank, do a drug deal, carryout premeditated murder, or even attempt to assassinate someone?
What's really scary is when security forces are disempowered from serving their primary function in keeping their people safe and secure. The actions of foreign nationals, particular via telerobotics, needs to be monitored and if necessary the communication link and the robot itself needs to be shutdown. When the US Secret Service is guarding our President, they should be able to automatically shutdown every telerobot within a certain radius.
Telerobotics started out as a military technology and is slowly being adapted for civilian use. As this process unfolds we need to have clear security and safety protocols in place, then it'll be easier to do business. When they're used for criminal purposes, it undermines a growing industry. I think it would be a fair compromise where the telerobotics industry would be given its own secure Internet in exchange for some oversight, be subject to licensing laws (where it'd be illegal to operate outside of that secure network), and give security forces kill-switch abilities. If this industry is to be successful, it'll need to cooperate with security forces.
Mar 27 2011: Clever, Philip! Your point about applicable laws versus technological action across borders is a fertile area for consideration.Mar 26 2011: The "objects" of the "set" of greatest security challenges humanity faces today are:
1) Downgrading Educational Institutions into mere "Training Centers" .
Today students are trained for "how to be the best money rendering machine, given current market conditions". An idea is creative if it can generate more money than other similar ideas. Terms like "creativity", "innovation", etc. has got an entirely "economic meaning".
Well, anyone intended to make our future more secure MUST start here. And let me tell you there are no short-cuts. This is the mother/father/caretaker or whatever you call it of all problems.
2) Upgrading (in fact downgrading) social standards based on "how much material goods one possesses".
Everyone need not have an airplane to go to office or on vacation, right. But given the current social standards you must have one.
3) Mindless narrowed vision- "patriotism for nation".
This is major factor (an outcome of our education and social system) contributing to all major threats our planet and we as mankind faces right now. I'm from India and I know the ongoing devastation caused by flood in Pakistan. But if Indian Govt. asks how many Indian wants to participate in a relief campaign, you will hardly get a few thousands. Consider it to be case like "Kargil War" and see the mad dance of patriotism. This one term attributes to more than 95% (remove recessions) of all damages our civilization as human has witnessed so far. Will ever a day will come when we'll recognize ourselves as "MilkyMen/MilkyWomen- men and women of Milky-way" , in the least sense.
4) Military expenditure only to overturn some other nation.
Well, I don't think I need to elaborate/brief on this.
5) Propagandized use of mass media and communication.
Hmm, briefing is again not required. But this field should have completely been exempted from money and politics(along with fields related with TED).
Thanks!Mar 26 2011: the greatest security challenge today is the same one as 2.000 years ago: mankind - hate - anxiety.
technologies come and go - they are applied by man. we are the greatest risk - not just as individuals, but also as a group.
if we want to reduce the security challenge of "man", we need to adress inequality - not just in wealth, but also in education and in social mobility. nations, cities or social groups and individuals without hope are "risky" - and of course not in accordance with the values of the constitution.
but do not get me wrong: adressing inequality can not be done without the best and modern technologies. we can not do without them, but we are NOT doing it for technologies, but for man and values - that is also: just for the happiness and health of each child in over 100 nations.Mar 26 2011: The greatest security challenge we face today is that we are awash in the unintended consequences of technologies. The process for rolling out a new technology is something like this:
1) Research - conceive of the possibility
2) Product development
3) Technology in widespread use
4) Deal with (or not) the unintended consequences of the technology.
All pollution, global warming, etc. are unintended consequences of various technologies in use currently, or in the past. When scientists dream of the possibilities of a new technology, they tend to put on rose-colored glasses and think of only the good that will be brought forward by their creation. Starry-eyed visions of a near-utopia created by the solving of the particular problem they are working on. Very little thought is given to pollution, health risks, or other unintended consequences of the new technology.
I find myself frightened by things like genetic engineering. What will be the unintended consequences of that? There will be some. But differently than pollution, which is finite and can be generally cleaned up, we are now most likely creating "unintended consequences that can have babies." So instead of the Gulf Oil Spill (which was a large, but finite unintended consequence), we have the likelihood of creating "the Gulf Oil Spill of Biotech," with which we would create an infinite mess that we would never be able to cap.
Now think about the fact that of all the scientists that ever lived, something like half of them are alive now. Think about all the new stuff that we are coming out with all the time. Chemicals everywhere. New things all the time. Is it any wonder that we have unintended consequences such as an autism rate of 1 in 91 kids these days (and nobody knows why)?
We have made our planet into a giant test tube, in which there are currently thousands of experiments going on simultaneously. What will be the unintended consequences of that?
We are very smart, but not very wiseMar 25 2011: I would argue that we must separate "conditions in which an instigator could succeed" from "people/groups with the motivation to be instigators." In the latter respect, I think perhaps the greatest threat to security is the pervasive role of for-profit mega-corporations in the energy and defense industries.
Mar 25 2011: HUMANITY IS SUFFERING FROM INTRENAL THREATS. BEING SELFISH AND SELF ENCLOSED CAGE, WE HAVE BECOME ESCAPIST FROM OUR SELF AND OUR DAY TODAY PROBLEM.
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RAMMar 25 2011: in this era when information technology is at it's height and going to it's next level ( I support it to be even more accessible) the prevailing vast socio economic inequality is the biggest security threat for mankind. The slim riches and super riches are busy in over consumption destroying the climate , while vast majority struggling to fulfill very basic physiological need . Look we are turning in to global village so co-existence of such huge inequality is real danger. We need to work to minimize this inequlity to remain secure.Mar 25 2011: Marc has put on a good question. However I feel by looking for the 'greatest security challenge' for humanity narrows the scope of the question a little bit. Greatest security challenge would generally imply the context be with a person, or country etc against another person or country. However if we were to collectively look for challenges or risks at the humanity level the scope broadens from inter-human challenges to inter-human and exo-human challenges. While crime, terrorism, warfare are inter-human issues that threaten humanity, Tsunamis, earthquake, Global warming etc can threaten our fragile existence very quickly too. I think there is no one underlying answer to the myriad challenges that exist however we could start with identifying common things that can help if not completely mitigate the risks/challenges.
In my opinion, At a very high level, the divide that lack of access to education and other resources at a personal, societal and cultural level is a create very real risk. This kind of divide introduces an systemic imbalance that is exponential over time and in turn making humanity a threat to itself.
I think media and technology have tremendous potential - to inflict damage and to help us with issues. Ideas like the Global Classroom (Salman Khan) can spread knowledge and empower people to reason needed change. Entrepreneurship and Businesses have got us here, social entrepreneurship and ethical business can propel us even further. Just my 2 cents.


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Recipe by Carla Joy
"Seasoned, browned chicken breasts slow cooked with lemon juice, garlic, and chicken bouillon. A wonderful 'fix and forget' recipe that is easy and pleases just about everyone. Great served with rice or pasta, or even alone."
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1 teaspoon
dried oregano
1/2 teaspoon
1/4 teaspoon
ground black pepper
2 pounds
skinless, boneless chicken breast halves
2 tablespoons
1/4 cup
3 tablespoons
fresh lemon juice
2 cloves
garlic, minced
1 teaspoon
chicken bouillon granules
1 teaspoon
chopped fresh parsley
WOW this was good. I followed posters suggestions and used 2C water and dissolved a boulion cube in it. I also added a little white wine, the garlic and a shallot to deglaze the pan b4 adding the water/spice mixture. Even then, I had to add about a cup more water while it was cooking. I also dredged the chik breasts in a lemon pepper seasoning in addition to the oregono. I omitted all the salt from the recipe too, since boulion is so salty. Made the leftover broth into gravy, cooked up the Uncle Bens Chicken rice, and dinner was AbFab!! I will def be making this again!
very plain and boring. my kids liked it but i don't think it was anything special.
1059 Ratings
Easy and moist. I did as others suggested and added more liquids: 1/2 c chicken broth, 1/3 lemon juice, and since I had it on hand, about 1/2 c white wine. When ready to plate, I thickened sauce with cornstarch. It was great over egg noodles! Took less than 3 hrs. in crockpot.
This chicken is truly delicious. I have made this recipe four or five times already, it's definitely a keeper. It doesn't make much extra sauce so if you want some to scoop over potatoes or pasta you should double the sauce. The only thing I do differently is I use boneless skinless chicken tenders instead of chicken breast halves. The chicken pieces are smaller which allows them to soak up more of the juices and seasonings making them very flavorful and tender. I have also added sliced mushrooms... yum.
My first crock pot experience, and it turned out great! I took a lot of advice from the posts here: I covered the bottom of the pot with potatoes, onions, mushrooms, and lots of garlic (about 6 cloves). I used bone-in breasts (I did brown them first, using butter, salt and lemon-pepper mix, awesome), then deglazed the pan with 1 cup white wine. Added all that to the pot, along with 2 cans of chicken stock, 6 tablespoons lemon juice, and a little more salt. I cooked on high for 2 hours, then low for 1 hour - perfect! I think the bone-in chicken made a big difference, it was wonderful and falling apart. I would be careful with the lemon juice - I love strong flavors and was tempted to add more, but my 6 tablespoons was bordering on too bitter - excellent though! Also turned the extra juice into gravy for veggies and it was yummy, with side of chicken couscous!
What a dish! I doubled the spices except the garlic and used the juice of an entire lemon, and used chicken stock instead of water/boullion, using enough stock to almost cover chicken. And 30 min. before cook time finished, I stirred in 2 T. cornstarch dissolved in 1/4 cup water. Plenty of sauce for serving with chicken over pasta. And here's a trick: it was REALLY lemony and too sour, so I stirred in almost 2 T sugar. Totally fixed that problem. It was DIVINE!!! Thanks for an awesome, interesting recipe.
An awesome lo-carb dish. You don't have to brown the chicken. Just mix the seasonings in a pot on the stove and boil slightly then poor over the chicken in the slow cooker. Use xanthum to thicken the left over juices into a very flavorful gravy!
Very good, would be 5 stars with a few tweeks. The recipe was a little salty for my taste, I will reduce the salt next time. Also, I cooked for 6 hours on low but chicken turned out a little overcooked. Next time, I think 4-5 hours would be plenty. Will definatley make this again, thanks.
* Percent Daily Values are based on a 2,000 calorie diet.
Slow Cooker Lemon Garlic Chicken II
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Amount Per Serving
Calories: 192
Calories from Fat: 63
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Out with the old concrete monstrosity...in with the new football-only beauty! From photographer Mike Smith's Aerial Views collection, this spectacular poster features opening day at Pittsburgh's new NFL palace from high above that historic first game. With razor-sharp aerial photography, a packed house of yellow-clad fanatics in the stands, and the Steelers offense driving in the red zone towards another score, this is a must for any true Steelers fan! Whether you were there on that magical Saturday afternoon for the 20-7 victory over the Detroit Lions, have been there on gameday at the incredible stadium, or you are simply an armchair fan who follows the team from afar, this amazing poster is a must for your wall!
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Jon Hamm & Jessica Pare Get Some Sun As "Mad Men" Heads To Hawaii
Amelia McDonell-Parry @xoamelia / October 25, 2012
Credit: Fame/Flynet
4 of 10
Well, lookie here. "Mad Men"'s next season is eons away, but at least a couple of the cast members -- Jon Hamm as Don Draper and Jessica Pare as Megan Draper -- are filming in Hawaii this week. So what can we infer from Don's choice in beach reading? Nothing is done without purpose on "Mad Men," so I've got to wonder what Don is thinking reading Dante's Inferno. Click on to see more photos of the Mr. and Mrs. on the beach...
Tags: jessica pare, jon hamm, mad men, tv shows


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Development Economics and Policy MSc
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- Degree awarded
- MSc
- Duration
- 12 months (full-time); 27 months (part-time)
- Entry requirements
Applicants should have a Bachelors degree with a minimum classification of Second Class Honours, Upper Division (2:1) in Economics or a related subject with 60% or above in the following modules Macroeconomics, Microeconomics and statistics or its international equivalent. Admission of candidates who do not meet this criterion may be approved if satisfactory evidence of postgraduate study, research or professional experience can be provided. Please contact the School's admissions office for further guidance.
- Number of places/applicants
- Approximately 200 applications are received each year and 40 new students registered.
- How to apply
Please note that due to the high volume of applications received this year, this programme has now closed postgraduate taught applications for 2015 entry to all international/non-EU students.
Applications for 2016 will open on Monday 14 September 2015.
Course options
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Course description
This programme, run jointly by IDPM (School of Environment, Education and Development) and Economics (School of Social Sciences), is designed to provide training in economic theory, applied economics and quantitative methods of relevance to developing and transitional economies. The programme is especially appropriate for those seeking to practice as development economists whether in government, the private sector, multilateral organisations or NGOs.
In addition to four compulsory course units , students have the opportunity to specialise in particular areas of the subject via four optional course units and a dissertation .
The theory course units provide a thorough training in both contemporary macro and micro development theory. Applied and optional course units offer you an opportunity to understand development problems and policy prescriptions within both global and national economic contexts.
The quantitative course units, which include an applied development project, enable you to test theories through the use of data sets and provide training in standard econometrics techniques and up-to-date econometrics software packages. Independent research is undertaken by all students between June and September in the form of an approved dissertation.
This programme is offered in jointly between the Economics discipline, School of Social Sciences and IDPM. Informal enquiries, prior to applications, are welcomed. Please contact: Dr Osman Ouattara (Programme Director) | Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
For entry in the academic year beginning September 2015, the tuition fees are as follows:
- MSc (full-time)
UK/EU students (per annum): £7,500
International students (per annum): £14,500
- MSc (part-time)
UK/EU students (per annum): £3,750
International students (per annum): £7,250
The fees quoted above will be fully inclusive for the course tuition, administration and computational costs during your studies.
All fees for entry will be subject to yearly review and incremental rises per annum are also likely over the duration of courses lasting more than a year for UK/EU students (fees are typically fixed for International students, for the course duration at the year of entry). For general fees information please visit: postgraduate fees . Always contact the department if you are unsure which fee applies to your qualification award and method of attendance.
Self-funded international applicants for this course will be required to pay a deposit of £1000 towards their tuition fees before a confirmation of acceptance for studies (CAS) is issued. This deposit will only be refunded if immigration permission is refused. We will notify you about how and when to make this payment.
The School of Environment, Education and Development Loyalty Bursary offers a £3,000 reduction in tuition fees to University of Manchester alumni who achieved a 1st and are progressing to a postgraduate taught masters course for September 2015 entry (terms and conditions apply - please contact us for further information). Other bursaries and scholarships awarded by the School are usually advertised from January with a closing date of June. Awards for 2015 entry have not yet been set. This information will be added to our funding page as it becomes available. See also the University's postgraduate funding database for more funding opportunities.
Students at the Institute for Development Policy and Management (IDPM) are often funded by their national governments or their employers, or are self-financing their studies. They also traditionally benefit from a number of additional funding options from the following sources:
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I've never gone to a writer's conference in December, but if you want to attend one in an amazing city, head to New Orleans. Heather Graham always did this conference over Labor Day weekend, but constant worry about hurricanes had her try a change in the date and I'd have to say it really paid off.
New Orleans in December is a sight to behold. Gorgeously decked out in all the Christmas glory, the shops even have Christmas vampire and voodoo stuff. I guess I never thought of the two items in the same sentence. I'm glad I had a chance to experience it.
If you've never attended Heather Graham's Writers for New Orleans event, you are in for a treat. While it's a smaller conference, the intimacy is what makes it so special. She hand picks her special guest and they all have something unique to offer. There are the usual panels, but there are also interviews with the big name authors. The questions and answers are are sometimes surprising, but always entertaining.
James Rollins is a New York Times bestselling author, but did you know he's also a veterinarian? He still volunteers his services and has found a special place in his heart and books for dogs used in the military. Jonathan Maberry most notably writes horror, but has been writing a YA series about Zombies (the good kind). Did you know he was a body guard earlier in his career? Eileen Dreyer started out writing medical suspense books which would explain her nursing background. David Morrell, best known for his Rambo series explained why he wanted to stretch his wings and try writing a western. David feels that it helps the author to stay fresh when he/she tries new things.
I was on a branding panel with Joan Schluhafer, Don Lucey from Harlequin and Tony and Tori Eldridge. Joan is a publicist, Don is the head of publicity for Harlequin, Tori adapts books into tv and movie as a screenwriter and Tony is a movie producer who's next film The Equalizer will feature Denzel Washington and start shooting in spring. All very fascinating and I felt out of my league. They had so many interesting things to say that I was up at the table furiously taking notes to I can pass them all on to you in future workshops and panels I do. Don explained that Harlequin is serious working with authors to give them everything they need to be successful and Joan (who is the very organized one of the group had meticulous notes and made us all look good. Me, I stumbled my way through, but was well received which always makes me feel good.
I met Shara Waas , 2012 winner of Heather's contest, Giving Back to Your Community. Shara wrote about working and volunteering with therapy dogs for twelve years and the satisfaction and joy she received from it. Shara was in awe of the authors and the whole event. She told me she was thrilled to win and experience this once in a lifetime opportunity.
Heather Graham doesn't just sit back and let others do the workshops, she is the driving force behind the shows put on during the event. This year's theme was Vampires on the Titanic. It was a clever take on the idea that Jack could have been saved if 1) Rose would have just moved over on that plank or 2) the vampires had only made him a vampire and they turned everyone on the ship into vampires, it could be a happy ending. The show was also dotted with Christmas songs that strangely fit into a doomed ship filled with vampires.
Also attending the conference was Heidi, one of the WW Ladies. She won the trip from Heather at my Barbara Vey Reader Appreciation Luncheon last April. Here's her take on the event:
I was really impressed by the variety of panels scheduled during the entire weekend It was really hard to pick one or two to attend. The kick off of the welcome party was amazing. I was overwhelmed by all of the writers, publishers, agents and editors. PLUS to be able to meet Heather Graham, James Rollins and Eileen Dreyer, I think I said WOW a million times. But it was so fun to see them and have a regular type of conversation even though I was gushing like a school girl. James has a special place in my heart now being a Chicago boy!
On Saturday, I had the pleasure to hear Jonathan Maberry during breakfast, and it is truly amazing to hear what a unique background he has had. His sense of humor I enjoyed most of all. It made me feel right at home. He asked me later in the day what kind of writer I am. I never looked at myself as a writer, but technically I am now, so that was a really cool revelation.
The panel of speakers later in the morning were so awesome because you really got to hear all of their journeys into writing. I loved that is isn't all cookie cutter writer stories of their beginnings. Eileen, James and Jonathan had me laughing quite a bit, I had a hard time taking notes. I kept thinking they are like secret agent writers: "trauma nurse by day, romance writer by night."
The special dinner on Saturday was the most unique experience of my life. I never imagined vampires on the Titanic, but I sure can now!! To know that Heather had her band there, and wrote the play that went on during dinner really showed how much she loves her life. I have such respect for that.
Watching Barbara from the sidelines, talking to everyone at the event, as well as bringing in strangers from the hotel to meet authors, with such a passion and love of reading, was really a hoot. Barbara is truly gifted in her element and it was really fun to witness it.
All in all, it was such an honor to be able to attend this event, thanks to Heather Graham. To be able to meet so many people who love what they do, makes me want to work harder in my life, because I love that I do. I have been blessed to come to New Orleans and it will be an experience I will remember for the rest of my life.
Oh, by the way, did I mention the food??? YUMOLICIOUS!!!
It's obvious that Heidi enjoyed herself and together we explored some of New Orleans including the famous Cafe du Monde and it's famous beignets. I looked like the abominable snowman from the shower of powder sugar that loads down the pastry. Of course, I'd do it again in a heart beat.
The conference ended with a book signing.
Bottom Line: I've already been invited back for next year and I hope to see you there!
Weekly Giveaways
From Marilyn Baron: FREE SWEET ROMANCE ANTHOLOGY WITH LOVE STORIES FOR EVERY SEASON PLUS TWO WEEKS OF FREE READS & PRIZES. Petit Fours and Hot Tamales bloggers have published a FREE anthology called SEASONS AND SEASHELLS just in time for the holidays. You can read it here. As a bonus, from December 17-Dec. 28, we will publish all or portions of each short story of our Group Novel on our blog. Author prizes awarded daily plus three great prizes to be announced on December 31. Visit our blog to find out more. Here's what we're giving away this year: A $5 Starbucks gift card; A PF&HT cookbook and the grand prize: A lovely pair of sterling silver seashell earrings from Nature's Jewelry.
From Kristie Cook: First, the first book in my series, Promise, is FREE (no end date as of right now) for all ebook formats: Kindle: Nook: Also on iBookstore, Kobo and Smashwords


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Intricate designs and a combination of shortbread and chocolate make GrendelSweet's Truffle Cookies worth an order—or several. All photography by Corey Lugg | THE NIBBLE.
Product Reviews / Main Nibbles / Chocolate
America's Boutique Chocolatiers:
With the slogan "Chocolate is the answer. Who cares what the question is?" you have to believe that this is a chocolatier with a sense of humor, and you're right (check out the picture of the founder on the company's website). But don't mistake the lighthearted approach; these are serious chocolates.
They're also not your typical bonbons. Witness the Truffle Cookies, a creamy smooth truffle atop a shortbread base, all dipped in chocolate. These are cookie-sized—you can see how large they are in the photo below, where two Truffle Cookies and a chocolate-covered apricot are teamed with an average size chocolate truffle at the top of the plate.
Go for the intensely-flavored Moka, a dark chocolate truffle with organic coffee perched on chocolate shortbread, all dipped in dark chocolate; or the Black & White Raspberry, a dark chocolate-raspberry truffle with chocolate shortbread, enrobed in white chocolate.
If you're a wild child, the Wild Chocolate Truffles might be more your speed. The chocolate used for these is made from beans gathered from wild trees in the rainforest; they're simply composed of that special chocolate, organic cream and a hint of sea salt. A 68% chocolate can be too dark for many bitterphobes, but you'll find none of the usual dark chocolate bitterness in these treats.
Even the marzipan is something different at GrendelSweets. When was the last time you saw anyone offering organic apricots simmered in Cognac, wrapped in marzipan and covered in chocolate?
These confections tend toward the complex, but never at the expense of good taste. If you happen to be in Bellevue, Washington, drop in to Café Lento in the Lake Hills Shopping Center (156th Avenue SE). The chocolates are made there, and it's the exclusive retail location in the Seattle area.
From top, clockwise: Butter truffle, White Chocolate Truffle Cookie, Apricot Brandy Marzipan and Dark Chocolate Truffle Cookie.
The only mystery is why these beautiful, delicious chocolates are named after a hideous, murderous monster, of whom nothing sweet could be said. Perhaps it's because these chocolates are wildly different and monstrously good?
Purchase online* at GrendelSweets.com
Telephone 1.866.GRENDEL or 1.425.785.6586
Continue To Page 4: Patricia's
*Prices and product availability are verified at publication but are subject to change. Shipping is additional. These items are offered by a third party and THE NIBBLE has no relationship with them. Purchase information is provided as a reader convenience.
Let us know if you have a favorite chocolatier we should consider for this series. Tell us about your favorite chocolatier.
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Berliner Philharmoniker: Europa Konzert 2011 From Madrid
Program, Musical
This concert takes place in the beautiful Teatro Real Madrid in Spain. The Berliner Philharmoniker under the baton of Sir Simon Rattle welcome famous Flamenco guitarist Juan Manuel Cañizares and perform works by the Spanishcomposer Joaquín Rodrigo and Chabrier's "España". Symphony No. 2 by Rachmaninov completes the program.
Produced by:
Directed by:
Written by:
Running time: 1hr 45min
|Theaters for Today
Pick a day
on this day.


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(expectant mothers, children travelling alone, passengers in need of medical assistance, etc.)
For groups from 10 persons, please book via our group bookings department
For trips containing more than 2 airports
See schedule
Check all airport details, including lounge, ticketing office & transport info.
Geneva is a city with an international personality, a beautiful old town and an attractive flair.
After Zurich, Geneva is the biggest city in Switzerland and home to a number of important international organisations, including the United Nations, the Red Cross and the World Health Organisation. Geneva is on the banks of one of Europe's biggest lakes, close to the Jura Mountains and the Alps. Its unique location and magnificent setting have turned Geneva into a top destination for tourists.
Geneva is best known for its huge fountain and its beautiful old city centre. You can wander round the shops for hours and take a snack in a typical bistro. Geneva is also an outstanding city for art-lovers. After all, the city has over 30 museums with excellent collections.
Geneva is the perfect choice if you want to be close to nature. You can go for a stroll along the shores of its beautiful lake - a fantastic spot to simply relax or to go for a swim (there are several beaches around the lake). Or you can explore the city's surroundings and head for popular mountainous destinations such as Montreux and Chamonix, where you can enjoy breathtaking views of the Alps and take part in a range of activities such as boating, hiking, biking, and of course, skiing.


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Yay, it's back! If you missed out the last time, you can once again score a great deal on Quilted Northern TP from Amazon. Get Quilted Northern Ultra Plush, Double Rolls, 48 Count for only $23.56, when you click the $1 off coupon right below the product description and check out thru Subscribe & Save.
This works out to be just $.49 per double roll – or $.245 per single roll (which is my "buy now" price!) – and it's shipped to your home for free!
You can also save an additional 10% when you pay with a Mastercard and use the promo code MSTRCRD1 (good one time only until 10/31), which will drop your total down to just over $21.
I bought this the last time it was available and love that we (a) got a super price and (b) are stocked up for a while on TP. (For some reason, getting a deal on toilet paper is the bane of my deal shopping existence.)
Remember: All Subscribe & Save orders ship for free and you can cancel your subscription anytime after your order ships. Read my Subscribe & Save tutorial if you need more information.
Order your Quilted Northern HERE.


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thats_wild (2008-02)
Free-Market Love
That's wild
How Lamar stopped making carbon-trading sense
by Rikki Hall
There is something deeply democratic about the price of goods being freely negotiated between buyer and seller, so free-market economics have become entwined in our image of ourselves as Americans. Free markets keep economic power decentralized and diversified, and they empower us as consumers and as competitors in commerce. It is no wonder politicians place free markets alongside constitutional freedoms like speech and assembly.
I wonder, though, whether we have fallen so madly in love with markets that we have lost sight of what they are. Free markets are not economic anarchy. The textbook definition is giving way to a popular version that says a free market lacks government regulation. Anarchy is not what we have nor, presumably, what anyone really wants; but lost in rhetorical flourishes, some of us sound that way.
Government provides a stable currency for transactions and protects us from fraud, collusion and other dishonest practices. Many forms of government regulation are consistent with free market principles and even necessary to maintain market freedom.
In a free market, buyer and seller have all the information they need to make rational decisions, and there is adequate competition. Governmentâ's role is to preserve competition and make information available. Unregulated markets are not free, but free-market zealots call for an end to regulation. It is one thing to hear a talk-radio blowhard drowning in market idealism, but sometimes senators stop making sense.
Lamar Alexander makes lots of sense on emissions. He was first to propose carbon controls to the U.S. Senate, though his bills have so far failed to pass. He is working for tighter controls on sulfur, nitrogen, and mercury gases as well.
Sulfur and nitrogen gases acidify rain, and acid rain damages high-elevation ecosystems. Congress capped emissions and started a market for those types of gases and now Alexander and other senators are deliberating over how to start a carbon emissions market.
Alexander favors cap-and-trade over a carbon tax because it allows the market, not Congress or a bureaucracy, to set prices. Fair enough. Markets should set prices. He wants to take a slow approach, working sector by sector.
That makes sense too, though there are examples to learn from. Europe instituted carbon trading a few years ago and issued too many credits, so prices were too low to spur investment in cleaner technologies. Our own emissions trading has proven more successful, and other countries offer successes to emulate and mistakes to avoid. Still, we can grant Alexander caution.
He stopped making sense when he reacted to a more aggressive emissions bill introduced by Delaware Sen. Tom Carper. The bill would impose a carbon cap by issuing allowances and letting polluters sell unused allowances to others who emit more than allowed. The bill refers to this exchange of credits as an auction, and that is where Alexander slipped:
â"I have been careful about the auctions. I have been to a lot of auctions. I know they must have them in Minnesota as well as Tennessee. I have yet to see one where the purpose of the auction was not to get the highest possible price. Well, if I am paying my electric bill down in Memphis or if I am at Eastman Chemical in East Tennessee or ALCOA trying to keep my electric costs in line, I am not interested in my senator coming to Washington and having an auction to raise my electric rates to the highest possible price.â"
Auctions are free markets, a better representation of the ideal than some retail markets. Sellers in free markets want the highest possible price, and sellers in Alexanderâ's proposed system would want the highest price. Buyers want the lowest possible price. Utilities will be seeking a low price, not high rates, and utilities that cut emissions will be able to lower rates. With regard to markets setting price, Alexander is fer it while heâ's agin it.
He wanted his own bill adopted, and his emotions clouded his understanding of market freedom. It happens all the time.
Rikki Hall is managing editor and publisher of Hellbender Press , a non-profit environmental education journal.
All content © 2007 Metropulse .


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Twins fans, these were the best of times! Re-live the two most glorious Octobers in Minnesota sports history with this incredible DVD, featuring Major League Baseball's official highlight films from 1987 and 1991.
First, it's the 1987 film, "There's No Place Like Home", featuring all the action of the wild Cardinals-Minnesota Twins series. Narrated by Al Michaels, it starts with a replay of ABC's pre-game broadcast booth analysis of the upcoming series, with Tim McCarver giving a slight edge to the Cardinals, and Jim Palmer predicting a Minnesota victory. Then, on to the great Series moments, starting with Harmon Killebrew throwing out the first pitch, and the Homer Hanky-waving fanatics reaching record decibel levels in cheering on the Twins to two easy victories at the Metrodome; Ozzie Smith starting the St. Louis phase of the series with his patented acrobatic flip, and unlikely heroes Tom Lawless and Curt Ford helping the Cards to a three-game home sweep; and Minnesota completing baseball's first home-team-wins-all World Series with victories helped by Kent Hrbek's grand slam in Game 6, and Frank Viola's brilliance in Game 7.
Then, it's the amazing 1991 classic, when the Twins once again won all four home games to take the title. Narrated by the legendary Ernie Harwell, it begins with a montage of lowlights from both the Twins and Atlanta Braves' last-place 1990 seasons, and a look at the revitalized squads during the 1991 worst-to-first seasons in which the "Tomahawk Chop" was invented, and the "Homer Hankies" were reborn. Then, with original footage from CBS and commentators Jack Buck and Tim McCarver, rare camera angles, and exclusive interviews with principal players in the series (Chuck Knoblauch, Greg Gagne, Chili Davis, Kent Hrbek, Brian Harper, Jack Morris, Ron Gant, Greg Olson, John Smoltz, Lonnie Smith, Umpire Drew Coble, Managers Tom Kelly and Bobby Cox, and more), you get the tale of the '91 series: Gagne and Hrbek's blasts in Minnesota's 5-2 opening game win; Hrbek's wrestling move to tag out Gant at first, and Scott Leius' 8th-inning game-winning homer in Game 2; David Justice scoring in the bottom of the 12th on a play at the plate to give Atlanta a victory in Game 3; Mark Lemke scoring in the bottom of the 9th on a play at the plate to help Atlanta tie the series in Game 4; Lonnie Smith's third home run in as many games as part of a 14-5 Braves pounding in Game 5; Kirby Puckett's spectacular 3rd-inning catch against the plexiglass, and his "We'll See You Tomorrow Night" 11th-inning walk-off Home Run in Game 6; and all the dramatic, controversial, nail-biting moments from the all-time classic Game 7, that ended with Gene Larkin driving in Dan Gladden with the winning run in the 10th inning of Jack Morris' complete-game shutout masterpiece.
With rare, historic coverage that also features memorable stars like Vince Coleman, Tommy Herr, Tony Pena, John Tudor, Todd Worrell, Sid Bream, Terry Pendleton, Tom Glavine, Steve Avery, Gary Gaetti, Don Baylor, Tom Brunansky, Bert Blyleven, Jeff Reardon, Mike Pagliarulo, Scott Erickson, Mark Guthrie, Steve Bedrosian and many more, this is an amazing find for any baseball lover. Whether you are a fan of the Twins, Cardinals or Braves, this is a must-have for your collection, a thrilling look back at baseball history!
Product Specifications:


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In a frank interview, Ron Dennis has revealed that he didn't try to stop Lewis Hamilton from leaving McLaren at the end of last season...
In a frank interview, Ron Dennis has revealed that he didn't try to stop Lewis Hamilton from leaving McLaren at the end of last season.
The 2008 World Champion ended his long association with the Woking squad by signing a long-term deal with rivals Mercedes, but before he put pen to paper McLaren fans had hoped that his former team boss Dennis would convince him to stay.
However, McLaren executive chairman Dennis says he didn't stand in Hamilton's way as he felt it was "a necessary part of his maturation".
"I recently read a very nice quote from Lewis in which he said that, unlike other drivers who had joined McLaren once they'd already raced in F1, his apprenticeship with the team in his youth meant that he was a seed that had grown within McLaren, which I thought was an extremely eloquent way of putting it," he said on the McLaren website.
"Lewis knows that he's part of the McLaren family and that, like that seed, he's grown deep roots within our organisation.
"Last year I didn't seriously seek to prevent his efforts to explore new pastures with the Mercedes AMG F1 team - perhaps it was a necessary part of his maturation - but I'll always remember his time with us very fondly, just as I'm very proud of having been McLaren's CEO and team principal when he became World Champion with us in 2008."
Dennis was the one who brought Hamilton to McLaren and he also handed him a race seat in 2007, and the Briton quickly paid him back as he finished second in his debut season and then went on to claim the title the following year.
"I don't think anyone could have predicted the impact he'd make on F1 when he first arrived," Dennis added. "Certainly, although we'd signed him on the basis that he'd be quick, we'd anticipated that his first season would be an apprenticeship, and that he'd be learning on the job, and that there would inevitably therefore be mistakes and errors.
"The fact that he adapted so quickly was not only a mark of his hunger and ability, but also a tribute to the quality of the education and support that McLaren had spent so many years providing for him. While it wouldn't be unfair to call Lewis 'an overnight sensation' in F1 - and many understandably did - we at McLaren know that it took many years of unseen hard work to make him one."


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Debby Zambo and William G. Brozo
Debby Zambo and Bill Brozo bring their many years of kid and classroom experience to the complicated problem of boys' literacy. Bright Beginnings clearly describes where we are. It explores the physical, social, and cognitive roots of the challenge. And then it offers strategies to inspire male readers in the classroom, at home, and in the wider community. The subtitle says it all—engaging young boys in active literacy. This is our challenge for the 21st century.
— Jon Scieszka, award-winning author and creator of GuysRead.com
Elementary educator Debby Zambo teams with William G. Brozo, author of the best-selling To Be a Boy, To Be a Reader, to bring you this essential resource on getting young boys hooked on reading at an early age. You'll find ways to structure your classroom to meet boys' needs, and discover ideas for using books to capture the attention and interests of boys. In addition, you'll find ideas for getting family and community members involved in boys' literacy development.
Additional resources include "Learning From a Character" segments that give suggestions of books you can use to get boys excited about reading; "About a Boy" vignettes that give voice to real-life boy readers; and an extensive appendix of engaging books that demonstrate positive values for boys.
© 2009 | 192 pp.
Nonmembers: $16.95 $8.50
Members: $13.50 $6.75
Home| About Us| Contact Us| Help| Privacy & Security| Terms of Use
© 1996–2015 International Literacy Association. All rights reserved.


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The Tennessean is at Los Angeles' Staples Center reporting live from the 55th annual Grammy Awards. With less than an hour before showtime, the pre-telecast ceremony has ended; below is a list of Nashville-connected Grammy winners.
Producer Of The Year, Non-Classical: Dan Auerbach, who produced works by Dr. John and Hacienda, as well as The Black Keys' "El Camino."
Best Rock Album: "El Camino," The Black Keys
Best Rock Song: "Lonely Boy," Dan Auerbach, Brian Burton & Patrick Carney, songwriters
Best Country Song: "Blown Away," Josh Kear & Chris Tompkins, songwriters
Best Country Duo/Group Performance: Pontoon," Little Big Town
Best Long Form Music Video: "Big Easy Express," featuring Old Crow Medicine Show, Mumford & Sons and Edward Sharpe & The Magnetic Zeros.
Best Contemporary Christian Music Album: "Eye On It," by TobyMac.
Best Spoken Word Album: "Society's Child: My Autobiography," by Janis Ian.
Best Song Written for Visual Media: "Safe & Sound" (from "The Hunger Games"), written by T Bone Burnett, Taylor Swift, John Paul White and Joy Williams.
Best Americana Album: "Slipstream" by Bonnie Raitt. The album contains numerous songwriting and musical contributions from Nashvillians.
Best Bluegrass Album: "Nobody Knows You" by Steep Canyon Rangers.
Best Blues Album: "Locked Down" by Dr. John, produced by Dan Auerbach.
Best Folk Album: "The Goat Rodeo Sessions," by Yo-Yo Ma, Staurt Duncan, Edgar Meyer & Chris Thile.


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When his biology students don�t understand gametes, Brandon Cuffee drops the beat.
�Meiosis dos is similar to meiosis uno, shout out to Gregor Mendel from the garden to the genome,� he raps. Unlike most rappers, Cuffee mentions the 19th-century genetic scientist Gregor Mendel between references to professional athletes LeBron James and Andy Pettitte.
Cuffee teaches Spanish classes and a biology class for English for Speakers of Other Languages at Gaithersburg High School. In 2011, he started recording songs about how to conjugate verbs in Spanish and how cells divide. When the songs turned into music videos on YouTube, they went viral.
�The kids are proud, and the kids are sharing it,� Gaithersburg High School Principal Christine Handy-Collins said.
Cuffee said one of his students volunteered to be his marketing director, sending links of his YouTube videos out to news media and local organizations.
All this, Cuffee said, started as a joke.
Two years ago, in his seventh-period Spanish class, Cuffee said he told his students, �If you write a song about Spanish conjugation, you will pass this class.�
He said a lot of his students are talented, and a few are aspiring rappers and singers. One wrote the verse for the song that became his first music video, �Spanish Conjugation.�
In front of a classroom whiteboard and signs with verb endings, Cuffee rapidly delivers his lines.
�When I�m conjugating, I drop the -ar like my top; and if I start with �yo,� then I put an �o� up in that spot,� he raps.
Daniel Lobossau, an 18-year-old sophomore in Cuffee�s ESOL biology class, said he took Cuffee�s Spanish class last year. Cuffee used the �Spanish Conjugation� video as a teaching tool.
Lobossau, a Gaithersburg resident who grew up speaking French in Benin, said the videos helped him learn and speak better Spanish.
�I get more better grades� because of Cuffee, he said.
Cuffee said he learned Spanish in middle school and kept taking classes while he attended Albright College in Reading, Pa.
�My learning style was auditory,� Cuffee said. He said he learned better by creating acronyms to remember facts and figures.
He also studied biology, but education appealed to him.
�I came from a teaching family,� he said. Both of his parents and his sister are teachers. He has been teaching in Montgomery County Public Schools for three years.
He also enjoys freestyle rapping, but �never found an outlet for it� until he started using his skills in class, he said. He calls his genre �edu-rap.�
Cuffee said students have made requests for songs about bullying and getting to class on time.
�The kids learn it verbatim,� he said. �All the love that students have been showing me really motivated me to do more.�
Cuffee has three music videos, including one about meiosis, or a process in which cells duplicate.
Mariama Jalo, a 15-year-old sophomore in Cuffee�s ESOL biology class, said the songs help her memorize and understand biological processes that can be confusing.
�I like the one that�s like, �divide and split �em.� It�s really catchy,� she said of �Meiosis.�
The meiosis video shows clips of other Gaithersburg High teachers singing �divide and split �em� while making a chopping hand motion. When Cuffee plays the song in his ESOL biology class, students take out their earbuds and start singing along.
�Mr. Cuffee has a lot of energy, and they like that,� said Handy-Collins, who also has memorized the �divide and split �em� dance move.
At Montgomery Blair High School in Silver Spring, math teacher Jake Scott created songs for his own classes. Scott, also known as 2 Pi, raps about triangles and the quadratic formula. Cuffee said he met Scott when they both were wrestling coaches for MCPS. The rap duo have a collaboration in the works that tentatively is titled �This Is Why I Teach.�
�We have the hook already,� Cuffee said.


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4:14 am
Mon April 7, 2014
Afghanistan Is One Step Closer To Karzai's Successor
Originally published on Mon April 7, 2014 7:17 am
On Saturday, voters turned out in large numbers despite threats of Taliban violence. It will take weeks to learn who will become Afghanistan's next president. Hamid Karzai can't run for a third term