text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|16 Mar 2006
|Filing date
|4 Nov 2005
|Priority date
|4 Aug 2000
|Also published as
|Publication number
|J. Spears, Richard Crilly, Ray Rydman, James Gessert, Steve Myrick
|Original Assignee
|Spears J R, Richard Crilly, Ray Rydman, James Gessert, Myrick Steve E
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Referenced by (4), Classifications (26), Legal Events (2)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This application is a divisional of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/632,530, filed Aug. 4, 2000.
The present invention relates generally to a system and method for gas-enriching water and, more particularly, to a system and method for providing large volumes of oxygen-enriched water to a reservoir, tank, pond, stream, etc. to help meet its biochemical oxygen demand.
This section is intended to introduce the reader to various aspects of art which may be related to various aspects of the present invention which are described and/or claimed below. This discussion is believed to be helpful in providing the reader with background information to facilitate a better understanding of the various aspects of the present invention. Accordingly, it should be understood that these statements are to be read in this light, and not as admissions of prior art.
Any natural waterway has the ability to assimilate organic matter. When the loading of organic matter exceeds this assimilative capacity, the water resource is impaired for this reason. Waste, whether human or industrial, is treated for safe release into the environment. For example, wastewater from municipalities and industry is treated before discharge into waterways such as rivers. In many cases, these treatments accelerate the natural assimilation process by introducing additional oxygen to the biological process of degrading the waste.
Pollution, or contamination, of water is a serious problem throughout the world, particularly in the United States. Various sources of contamination are responsible for water pollution, including industrial and municipal entities. Industrial entities may discharge liquid or two-phase (liquid/solid) waste indirectly or directly into the environment, such as into rivers and lakes, contaminating the water supply and harming the environment, fish and wildlife. Air pollution is also a problem, particularly industrial air pollution, because airborne contaminants may be collected by rainfall and runoff into bodies of water. Industrial waste may include heavy metals, hydrocarbons, generally toxic materials, and many other known and unknown contaminants. In addition, wastewater and air pollution typically emit an undesirable odor from the contaminants, which may be a result of insufficient wastewater treatment or inefficient industrial systems (e.g., inefficient combustion, chemical reactions or processes, etc.) creating such contaminants.
Municipalities also produce considerable waste. Particularly, combined sewer overflows (CSOs), sanitary sewer overflows (SSOs), and stormwater discharges can create significant problems. Sewage carries bacteria, viruses, protozoa (parasitic organisms), helminths (intestinal worms), and bioaerosols (inhalable molds and fungi) among many other contaminants. Combined sewers are remnants of early sewage systems, which use a common pipe to collect both storm water runoff and sanitary sewage. During periods of rainfall or snowmelt, these combined sewers are designed to overflow directly into nearby streams, rivers, lakes or estuaries. SSOs are discharges of sewage from a separate sanitary sewer collection system, which may overflow prior to reaching a sewage treatment plant. Sanitary sewers may overflow for a variety of reasons, such as inadequate or deteriorating systems, broken or leaky pipes, and/or excessive rain or snowfall infiltrating leaky pipes through the ground. Finally, storm water runoff adds to the problem, as pollutants are collected en route to rivers, streams, lakes, or into combined and sanitary sewers. Storm water picks up contaminants from fertilizers, pesticides, oil and grease from automobiles, exhaust residue, air pollution fallout, bacteria from animals, decayed vegetation, and many other known and unknown contaminants.
Water contamination may be site specific, as with many industrial entities, or it may be non-site specific as with many CSOs, SSOs, and storm water runoffs. Although the discussion has been limited to industrial and municipal waste, contamination may arise from a variety of sources and accumulate in various site specific and non-site specific locations. For example, agricultural waste, pesticides and fertilizers create site specific water contamination, such as in ponds, streams, irrigation, ground water and drinking water for the animals and people.
Today, the most common waste treatment method is aerobic biological degradation, which uses microorganisms, commonly referred to as "bugs," to biodegrade waste. In a wastewater treatment application, aerobic biological degradation typically involves an aeration/activated sludge process in which oxygen is added to one or more tanks containing the wastewater to be treated. The oxygen supports the microorganisms while they degrade the compounds in the wastewater. To enable the microorganisms to grow and degrade the waste and, ultimately, to reduce the biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), i.e., the amount of oxygen required by microorganisms during stabilization of decomposable organic matter under aerobic conditions, in the treatment system, sufficient oxygen must be available. In some systems, additional oxygen is required to also reduce nitrogen levels in the effluent.
Typically, waste treatment plants use mechanical or diffuse aerators to support the growth of microorganisms. Mechanical aerators typically employ a blade or propeller placed just beneath the surface of a pond, tank, or other reservoir to induce air into the wastewater by mixing. Such mixers generally have relatively low initial capital costs, but often require substantial amounts of energy to operate.
Alternatively, diffused aerators introduce air or oxygen into wastewater by blowing gas bubbles into the reservoir, typically near its bottom. Diffused aerators, depending upon design, may produce either coarse or fine bubbles. Coarse bubbles are produced through a diffuser with larger holes and typically range in size from 4 to 6 mm in diameter or larger. Fine bubbles, on the other hand, are produced through a diffusers with smaller holes and typically range in size from 0.5 to 2 mm in diameter. Diffused aerators typically have lower initial costs, as well as lower operating and maintenance costs, than mechanical aerators.
Mechanical and diffused aerators involve driving off volatile organic compounds (VOC's) and contributing to odor issues while transferring oxygen in a gaseous state into liquid wastewater, with oxygen transfer occurring mainly as a result of diffusion across the gas-liquid boundary. For example, in the case of diffused aerators using pure oxygen, the gas-liquid boundary is defined by the outer surfaces of the air bubbles introduced into the treatment site. Generally, fine bubble aerators are more efficient than coarse bubble and mechanical aerators due to the increased total surface area available for oxygen transfer that is associated with the fine bubbles. The performance of fine bubble aeration degrades over time if regular maintenance is not used.
However, more efficient apparatus and methods for oxygenating wastewater still are needed. Municipal wastewater needs typically grow as the municipality grows in population. To meet increasing needs, municipalities either expand existing wastewater treatment facilities or build additional wastewater treatment facilities. Either option requires additional land and new equipment. Thus, much expense may be saved by enhancing the operating efficiency of existing facilities in response to increased demand for wastewater treatment.
A municipal wastewater treatment process, for example, typically involves a primary treatment process, which generally includes an initial screening and clarification, followed by a biological treatment process, sometimes referred to as a secondary treatment process. The wastewater entering the activated sludge process may have about sixty percent of suspended solids, thirty percent of BOD, and about fifty percent of pathogens removed in the primary treatment (although in some processes primary clarification may be omitted so that the solids otherwise removed are available for food for the microorganisms working in the secondary process).
The activated sludge process typically consists of one or more aeration tanks or basins in which oxygen is added to fuel the microorganisms degrading the organic compounds. After leaving the aeration tank(s) the water enters a secondary clarifier in which the activated sludge/microorganisms settle out. After passing through this activated sludge process the water typically has about 90% of the suspended solids and 80-90% of the BOD removed. The water is ready for either more advanced secondary or tertiary treatments, or for return to a natural waterway. The choice typically depends upon the effluent levels and local regulations.
Alternately, wastewater treatment may occur in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR). SBR treatment generally is the same as an activated sludge system, except that the process is performed in only one tank, whereas activated sludge systems may use several tanks. SBRs may be used as an alternative to an activated sludge process, in regular secondary treatment, or for more advanced treatment processes, e.g., nitrification/denitrification and phosphorus removal. SBRs may process numerous batches per day. Typically, for industrial applications SBRs process one to three batches per day, whereas for municipal applications SBRs may process four to eight batches per day.
The operation of an SBR generally includes five separate phases: fill, react, settle, decant, and idle, although there may be alternatives to these SBR phases depending upon the circumstances involved in a particular application. In the fill phase, wastewater enters the reactor tank through a port near the bottom of the basin, after which the inlet valve is closed. Aeration and mixing may begin during the fill. In the react phase, the inlet is closed and aeration and mixing continues or begins. In the settle phase, the remaining solids settle to the bottom of the basin. In the decant phase, fluid is removed from the surface of the basin by a decanter. During this time settled sludge also may be removed. In the idle phase, the reactor awaits a new batch of wastewater, typically with a portion of the biomass remaining in the basin to provide food for the microorganisms in the next batch.
The owners and operators of wastewater treatment plants often search for ways to lower the cost of remaining in compliance with local, state, and/or federal laws regulating such plants. One way of lower operating costs has been to pursue energy conservation measures to achieve lower operating and maintenance costs. One particular target has been the substantial electricity and other energy costs associated with the operation of conventional systems for aerating wastewater. Aeration can account for more than half of municipal wastewater treatment energy consumption. However, despite past focus on improving oxygen delivery systems to deliver higher levels of oxygen into wastewater more efficiently, there remains a need for further improvement, i.e., an apparatus and method for delivering large quantities of oxygen in conjunction with wastewater treatment applications. Furthermore, a flexible waste treatment apparatus and method is needed to adequately address non-site specific water pollution, for example, in stream water pollution resulting from CSOs, SSOs and storm water runoff, and special and/or smaller applications such wastewater and odor control on farms.
The present invention may address one or more of the problems set forth above. Certain possible aspects of the present invention are set forth below as examples. It should be understood that these aspects are presented merely to provide the reader with a brief summary of certain forms the invention might take and that these aspects are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Indeed, the invention may encompass a variety of aspects that may not be set forth below.
A system is provided for transferring gas into fluids. In one embodiment, the system is an assembly for delivering oxygen into wastewater. The system includes an oxygenation assembly including a pressurizable chamber that receives water from a fluid supply assembly and oxygen gas from an oxygen gas supply assembly. Advantageously, the oxygen gas supplied pressurizes and maintains the chamber at a pressure greater than atmospheric pressure (e.g., 300 p.s.i.). The water advantageously enters the chamber through an atomizer nozzle that forms water droplets within the chamber. As the water droplets fall within the chamber, oxygen diffuses into the droplets, which collect as a pool of oxygen-enriched water at the bottom of the chamber. The oxygen-enriched water is removed from the chamber and delivered via a hose to a treatment site.
It should be understood that the water to be oxygen-enriched may be relatively clean water from a water supply, such as a tank, pond, lake, stream, or river. Once this relatively clean water is oxygen-enriched, it may be added to the wastewater to raise the oxygen level of the wastewater. Alternatively, the water to be oxygen-enriched may be wastewater skimmed from the treatment tank. The skimmed wastewater is filtered to prevent the system from clogging, and the filtered wastewater is then oxygen-enriched and returned to the wastewater tank to raise the oxygen level of the wastewater in the tank.
Advantageously, the distal end of the hose includes or is coupled to a delivery nozzle including one or more capillaries through which the oxygen-enriched water effluent passes. The capillaries may be dimensioned to an appropriate length and diameter for a desired flow rate, oxygen concentration, and other flow characteristics such as substantially laminar and bubble free flow. The capillaries are advantageously made of silica, and may be dimensioned to a length of about 6 cm and an internal diameter of about 150 to 450 microns. Alternatively, the capillaries may be constructed from a variety of metals, metal alloys, glasses, plastics/polymers, ceramics or other suitable materials. For an oxygen-enriched water flow rate of about 1.5 gal/min, at about 300 p.s.i., a delivery nozzle including approximately 450 such capillaries is particularly advantageous. The capillaries tend to stabilize the gas-enriched water during its delivery into host liquids at ambient pressure. As a result, nucleation and bubble formation in the effluent, during ejection from the capillary and mixing with the host liquid, is minimal or absent despite potentially high gas partial pressures of the oxygen dissolved in the effluent. An extremely high oxygen transfer efficiency, approaching or even equaling 100 percent, is thereby achievable with this approach for oxygenating host liquids such as wastewater.
Alternately, the oxygen-enriched water is delivered to a treatment site via a hose coupled to a plate-based delivery nozzle system. The plate-based nozzle includes one or more plates having a plurality of channels formed therein. The cross-sectional profile of the channels may be a variety of shapes, e.g., circular, square, rectangular, oval, triangular, etc. Advantageously, the channels in each plate extend along a portion of the top surface of the plate from a hole in the plate (which advantageously extends between the top and bottom surfaces of the plate) to the plate's edge. The plates are disposed on top of one another such that the bottom surface of one plate is mated to the top surface of an adjacent plate to create fluid pathways between adjacent plates. Further, by placing a bottom plate without a hole beneath a stack of plates, and by placing a top plate including a port adapted to couple to the hose on top of the stack, a plenum is formed within the stack to receive the oxygen-enriched water from the hose and to provide oxygen-enriched water to each of the fluid pathways for delivery to the treatment site.
Depending upon the circumstances involved in a particular application, a number of different geometries may be used for the plate-based nozzle system. The plates may be of any suitable size or shape, depending upon the application involved. The channels may extend in each plate to any of the sides of the plate, so that oxygen-enriched water may be delivered in any direction. Further, adjacent surfaces of two plates may have channels formed therein, so as to create a desired fluid pathway geometry when the plate surfaces are brought together, e.g., by alignment of the channels on two separate plates.
An alternate embodiment of the plate-based delivery nozzle system may employ one or more conical plates to create an annular array of fluid pathways. The conical plates have a plurality of channels, which extend linearly along an inner or outer surface between a small and broad end of the conical plates. The conical plates stack in series such that the outer surface of one conical plate is disposed within the inner surface of another conical plate, thereby creating an annular array of fluid pathways between adjacent conical plates. The conical plates are then truncated at one end to provide a common entry position for the oxygen-enriched water and are configured such that the opposite end forms a desired exit surface (i.e., conical, concave, flat, etc.). The conical plate design may advantageously simplify assembly, as the oxygen-enriched water flow forces the conical plates together during use, and may simplify cleaning, as reversed water flow may be used to separate and clean the conical plates.
By placing one or more delivery nozzles at a treatment site, oxygen levels at the site advantageously may be maintained or increased by delivering oxygen-enriched water to the site. For example, in a wastewater treatment reactor, oxygen-enriched water may be added to the reactor contents to help support biological degradation activity, reduce biochemical oxygen demand, etc. Advantageously, the water used to supply the oxygen-enriched fluid supply system is filtered to minimize the risk of the delivery nozzle becoming clogged by particulate matter. The water used to supply the system may come from any source, e.g., a municipal water source; a river, lake, or other reservoir; the treated water effluent of a wastewater treatment operation; the supply of wastewater to be treated, etc.
Because much of the oxygen provided to a treatment site is in the form of oxygen-enriched water having high levels of dissolved oxygen, oxygenation of the site occurs rapidly as the oxygen-enriched water mixes with the wastewater. Advantageously, delivery of the oxygen-enriched water occurs with minimal bubble formation, so oxygenation efficiencies are achieved which surpass the efficiencies obtainable with commercially available aerators. Thus, the system provided advantageously may be used either to replace or to supplement conventional aeration equipment.
Further objects and advantages of the present invention may become apparent upon reading the following detailed description and upon referring to the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG.4 is a cross-sectional view of an exemplary oxygenation assembly in accordance with the present invention.
FIGS. 8A-E illustrate another alternative embodiment of a gas-enriched fluid delivery nozzle, particularly illustrating a plate-based nozzle.
FIGS. 9A-F illustrate exemplary channel geometries that may be used in conjunction with a plate-based nozzle, such as the nozzle shown in FIGS. 8A-E.
The description below illustrates certain specific embodiments or forms that depict various aspects of the present invention. For the sake of clarity, not all features of an actual implementation are described in this specification. It should be appreciated that in connection with developing any actual embodiment of the present invention many application-specific decisions must be made to achieve specific goals, which may vary from one application to another. Further, it should be appreciated that any such development effort might be complex and time-consuming, but would still be routine for those of ordinary skill in the art having the benefit of this disclosure.
For the sake of clarity and convenience, the various embodiments are described herein in the context of applications generally involving municipal wastewater treatment, including treatment of CSOs, SSOs, and storm water discharges. However, the present invention may also be useful in other applications, such as industrial wastewater treatment, e.g., in the petroleum, food, pulp and paper, and steel industries; lake and stream restoration and/or wastewater treatment; chemical wastewater treatment; landfill wastewater treatment; ground water treatment; drinking water disinfection with ozone; agricultural or aquacultural water treatment; odor control (e.g., on farms); etc. Also, although the present system may be used to raise gas levels, such as oxygen for example, in water or other fluids, for the sake of clarity and convenience reference is made herein only to wastewater applications.
It should be understood that the gas supplied by the gas supply assembly described below may include oxygen, ozone, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, hydrogen, nitrogen, air, chorine gas, and/or other treatment gases, while the gas-enriching assembly described below advantageously includes a gas-absorption assembly capable of raising the dissolved gas content of the fluid provided by the fluid supply assembly described below. However, again for the sake of clarity and conciseness, the use of oxygen gas will be primarily discussed herein by way of example.
Turning now to the drawings, a wastewater treatment system is provided in which, as shown in
As shown in
Dissolved oxygen levels of the fluid may be described in various ways. For example, dissolved oxygen levels may be described in terms of the concentration of oxygen that would be achieved in a saturated solution at a given partial pressure of oxygen (pO2). Alternatively, dissolved oxygen levels may be described in terms of milligrams of oxygen per liter of fluid or in terms of parts per million of oxygen in the fluid.
As shown in
Water is provided to the fluid supply cart 100 at via line 102 from a source, e.g., the reactor tank 10, a holding tank, a municipal water supply line, etc., or by a pump withdrawing the water from a tank, pond, stream, or other source. Advantageously, for an application involving wastewater treatment, the water is input at a rate of between about 5 and about 200 gallons per minute, although the input rate may be higher or lower depending upon the application. More specifically, a rate of about 60 gallons per minute may prove to be particularly advantageous for many applications. The provided water advantageously is filtered to remove solid particulate. To provide this function, one or more filters, such as the filters 104 and 106, are coupled to the line 102. It should be understood that multiple filters may be coupled in series or in parallel depending upon the circumstances involved in a particular application. As discussed below, a series of filters may be used to remove particulate matter from the incoming water effectively. It may also be advantageous to couple filters or sets of filters in parallel so that one or more filters can be serviced without stopping the treatment process.
In a wastewater treatment application, at least one filter (e.g., a 150 to 450 micron filter) may prove to be particularly advantageous, although it should be understood that the type and number of filters used may depend largely upon the source of the water to be oxygenated. For instance, if relatively clean water from a holding tank is to be oxygenated, a single filter, such as a 150 micron filter, may be sufficient to remove particulate matter. However, if wastewater is skimmed off of the reactor 10 and introduced into the system 30, additional filters, such as a coarse filter (e.g., 450 micron) and a medium filter (e.g., 300), may be used to remove large particulate matter before the partially filtered water is introduced to a relatively fine filter, such as a 150 micron filter. Examples of commercially available filters include sand filters, cartridge filters and bag filters, which may be self-flushing or may contain disposable elements such as cotton, plastic, metal or fiber filter elements. Also, the filter size is typically selected to be the same as or smaller than the capillaries used to deliver the oxygenated fluid.
As shown in
Fluid exits the tank 108 through a primary line 112 (e.g., by gravity feed) to a pump 114 run by a motor 116. The pump 114 provides the fluid to the oxygenation cart 200 via a line 118. The fluid may be filtered before and after the pump 114 to remove additional particulate matter. As shown in
The pump 114 can run continuously or intermittently, and can provide variable or constant flows, depending upon the circumstances involved in a particular application. One example of a particularly advantageous pump is the model #60AG6020 pump available commercially from CAT Pumps, Minneapolis, Minn. To regulate the amount of flow provided to the oxygenation cart 200 for oxygenation, the line 118 via which fluid is provided to the oxygenation cart 200 may include a modulating valve 119, such as an electronic valve, operable as needed to divert a predetermined portion of the flow via a bypass line 204 back to the tank 108. The oxygenation cart feed line 118 advantageously includes a check valve 121 to prevent unwanted flow of gas or liquid from the oxygenation cart back toward the pump 114 and tank 108.
The system also may include a flush line 230 between the tank and the delivery assembly which bypasses the oxygenation assembly. The flush line 230 allows water to pass to prevent dirty water from back flowing into the system when the oxygenation assembly is in stand-by mode. As shown in
The oxygenation cart 200 advantageously includes a pressurizable vessel 210 that has an interior space 212 in which water from the pump 114 and gas from a gas supply assembly (not shown) are provided. The water enters the vessel 210 from the feed line 118 via a cantilever-like "stinger" 214 (see
The stinger 214 includes one or more nozzle arrays 218 including a plurality of nozzles 216 arranged about the longitudinal axis of the stinger 214. In the disclosed embodiment, each nozzle array 218 includes six nozzles 216 equally circumferentially spaced about the longitudinal axis of the stinger 214. The stinger 214 may include a plurality of nozzle arrays 218 spaced along the longitudinal axis of the stinger 214. As shown in the embodiment illustrated in
Each nozzle 216 advantageously comprises an atomizer nozzle. Any commercially available atomizer nozzle may be used depending on the circumstances involved in a particular application. One particularly advantageous nozzle is the Model TF6NN 3/16 stainless steel (0.25 inch npt) fog nozzle available from BETE Fog Nozzle, Greenfield, Mass. During operation, water exiting the nozzles 216 forms a spray of small droplets which contact the oxygen gas in the chamber. Oxygen dissolves in the droplets, which fall and collect in a pool at the bottom of the oxygenation assembly chamber. The pool advantageously is about two feet deep in a twelve-inch diameter chamber that is about six feet tall. Furthermore, the number and size of the nozzles are typically selected to provide a desired throughput. Indeed, should throughput parameters change, one or more valves (not shown) may be placed in the pipe 215 to selectively activate or deactivate one or more of the nozzle arrays.
The stinger 214 advantageously is removably insertable within the interior space 212. The stinger 214 may be secured in place for operation by fastening the inlet end to the top of the oxygenation assembly, e.g., with bolts or other fasteners. Removal may be advantageous to allow access to the interior of the oxygenation assembly 210 and to the stinger 214, e.g., to clean the nozzles, to replace nozzles or other parts, etc.
Oxygen is provided to the oxygenation assembly by a regulated source of oxygen. Advantageously, the oxygen gas is provided to the oxygenation assembly 210 at about 300 p.s.i. via a line which includes a valve regulating the flow through the line and a check valve that prevents unwanted back flows. The pressure and/or flow through the line may fluctuate with changes in the water level within the oxygenation assembly 210.
Water is provided to the oxygenation assembly 210 at a pressure greater than the pressure in the tank interior space 212—about 300 p.s.i. in this example. A steady state water supply pressure of about 340 p.s.i. may prove to be particularly advantageous for applications involving wastewater treatment, although pressure fluctuations commonly occur during operation of the system. Advantageously, the oxygenation assembly 210 includes one or more pressure gauges to allow monitoring and control of the pressures in the system. The oxygenation assembly 210 and other parts of the system further advantageously include one or more pressure relief valves to guard against unwanted pressure build-ups within the system.
In this embodiment, fluid exits the oxygenation assembly chamber through a dip tube 222 having an inlet end 224 positioned above the bottom of the chamber. By removing fluid from near the bottom of the chamber (as opposed to at the top), gas blow-by is avoided and no bulk gas exits the chamber. The dip tube 222 is connected to an output line 224 having a distal end coupled to a delivery assembly, so as to create a continuous fluid flow path between the pool in the chamber and the delivery assembly inlet. The output line 224 may include one or more valves, check valves, and/or filters. For example, as shown in
Advantageously, the oxygenation assembly 210 also includes one or more windows or sight glasses 220 which allow an operator to view the interior of the oxygenation assembly 210 during operation. Visual monitoring may be performed, for example, to check the operation of the nozzles (e.g., to monitor fluid droplet sizes, check for plugging resulting in flow disruption, etc.), to check fluid levels, etc.
In this example, the fluid collecting at the bottom of the chamber has a dissolved gas content of about 880 ppm. This dissolved oxygen content represents an increase in oxygen content of about one hundred times as compared to the fluid entering the chamber before oxygenation. The dissolved gas concentration, along with the operating efficiency, costs, and flow characteristics of the system, may be widely varied according to the operating parameters (e.g., fluid and gas pressures) of the disclosed embodiments. For example, the apparatus could produce a dissolved gas content ranging from approximately 40 ppm to 8000 ppm for system pressures ranging between about 14.7 and 3000 p.s.i., depending on the given operating parameters and system limitations. It should also be pointed out, that lowering pressures within the system lowers the amount of dissolved gas content that is achievable, but the lower pressures also lower the cost of the system. For example, if the system pressures were lowered by about 200 p.s.i. from the 300 p.s.i. range to the 100 p.s.i. range, the dissolved gas content of the fluid would be about 275 ppm. In many applications, this oxygen-enriched fluid will be more than adequate to aerate the wastewater, while providing lower equipment and operating costs.
As one alternative configuration, the oxygenation assembly 60 may include a plurality of nozzles 250 disposed circumferentially about the wall of a tank 252, as illustrated in
One embodiment of the oxygen-enriched fluid delivery assembly 90 may include one or more elongated hoses 301 (
In one embodiment, as shown in
Alternately, as shown in
To clean the capillary inlets, the distal end of the hose may include a valve (not shown) that can be opened and closed as desired to allow water to flow rapidly across the capillary inlets to the treatment site. In another embodiment, the capillaries may be flushed by creating a venturi effect that creates backflow in a capillary being cleaned. Alternately, each tube bundle can be replaced and cleaned separately.
In one alternate embodiment illustrated in
As illustrated in
Rather than using flat plates, an alternate embodiment may employ one or more conical plates to create an annular array of fluid pathways. The conical plates have small and broad ends, inner and outer surfaces between the ends, and a plurality of channels extending between the ends on at least one of the surfaces. The channels may extend linearly or curvilinearly between the small and broad ends, and they may assume a variety of cross-sections and spacings along the surfaces. The conical plates stack in series such that the outer surface of one conical plate is disposed within the inner surface of another conical plate, thereby creating an annular array of fluid pathways between adjacent conical plates as the channels are enclosed by the adjacent inner or outer surfaces. The conical plates are then truncated at the small ends to provide a common entry position for the fluid pathways. Oxygen-enriched water enters at the common entry position, flows through the fluid pathways and disperses at the broad ends. The conical plates may be designed such that the broad ends form a particular exit surface, for example, flat, concave, or conical, which may improve flow characteristics, provide a specific spray pattern, or alter other characteristics. Alternatively, the conical plates may be configured such that the oxygen-enriched water enters at the broad end, truncated and aligned to form the common entry position, and exits at the small end.
The conical plate design is advantageous for simplifying assembly, since the conical plates are easily aligned, stacked and secured without a separate mounting apparatus. Properly configured, the oxygen-enriched water flow advantageously forces the individual conical plates together during use, thereby maintaining close contact of the surfaces. The conical plate design is also advantageous for cleaning, which may be achieved by backflushing the conical plate assembly. By reversing the flow through the conical plate assembly, the individual conical plates are forced to separate, and debris is washed away.
The system for oxygenating wastewater including an oxygen-enriched fluid supply system may be used in a wastewater treatment system, such as a municipal wastewater treatment plant 400 illustrated in
Although numerous embodiments have been disclosed for treating contaminated water, many modifications are contemplated to address specific wastewater treatment applications requiring gas-enrichment. Wherever aeration of water is required to treat wastewater, the disclosed embodiments, or modified versions thereof, scaled to produce a desired flow rate of oxygen or air-enriched water, may advantageously increase the oxygen content of the wastewater. Compared with conventional aeration techniques, which use diffusion between the liquid/gas interface (i.e., bubbles), the disclosed embodiments are advantageously efficient in transferring gas to gas-depleted host liquids, while providing relatively good control of the level of dissolved gas in the host liquid. Additionally, the disclosed embodiments may advantageously reduce odors from the wastewater and from the gases applied to the wastewater (e.g., by more effective treatment and/or by reducing the amount of gas escaping, or bubbling out, into the environment).
Recognizing these advantages, among many others, various embodiments may be used for water treatment in agricultural and aquacultural sites. For example, animal farms, particularly pig farms, typically generate considerable waste in a concentrated area, making waste management, odor control and water contamination a problem. Where crops are grown and cultivated, fertilizers and pesticides may contaminate the water, for example, by running off the crops and land with rainfall. These water quality problems are compounded by odor concerns, standard aeration techniques contribute to the problem. Similarly, marine tanks, fish farms, and hatcheries typically concentrate marine life in a relatively small tank, pool or body of water, wherein water quality and oxygenation may become a problem. In specialized applications such as these, where conventional treatment techniques may be insufficient, too costly, or generally undesirable, the disclosed embodiments advantageously provide a flexible and potentially economical solution to water treatment. To reduce costs, atmospheric air or compressed air may be used rather than pure oxygen. For example, it may be more economical to use an air compressor where the apparatus is used for aerating large bodies of water, such as rivers, ponds and lakes. The disclosed embodiments may also be designed as, or retrofitted to, a mobile deployment system, which may be moved from one treatment site to another. The mobile deployment system may be removably or fixably mounted to a truck, to a trailer, to a boat or other watercraft, to an aircraft such as a helicopter, to carts as disclosed above, or any reasonably mobile unit. A mobile system such as this would be flexible and quite advantageous for non-site specific and/or emergency applications.
A variety of applications may require alternative gases, other than air or oxygen, to address specific contaminants, purify the water or wastewater, or generally, to attain desired properties of the water or wastewater. For example, anaerobic bacteria are used in some bioreactors to synthesize organic compounds, with dissolved carbon monoxide as a carbon source. Unlike carbon dioxide, both carbon monoxide and oxygen are only sparingly soluble in water. As a result, conventional techniques, such as bubbling or mixing, may fail to provide sufficient carbon monoxide to keep pace with the metabolic capacity of the anaerobic bacteria. In contrast, a modified system applying the presently disclosed embodiments could enrich the water or wastewater with carbon monoxide at a relatively high transfer efficiency, advantageously approaching 100 percent.
The disclosed embodiments also reduce gas loss, which may be costly and undesirable in many applications. Conventional techniques often involve bubbling a gas through a liquid, providing minimal gas-to-liquid transfer and considerable gas loss as the gas bubbles exit the liquid. The presently disclosed techniques provide efficient gas-to-liquid transfer, and do so in isolation from the host liquid, i.e., a host water environment such as a pond, reservoir, etc., and drive off VOC's and odors. Provided that the solubility limit of the gas in the host water is not exceeded, bubbles are essentially eliminated, and only gas-enriched water is delivered to the host water. Furthermore, the transfer rate is primarily dependent on the flow rate through the disclosed embodiments, rather than the relatively slow diffusion rate limiting conventional techniques. The substantial reduction of bubbles and improved gas to liquid transfer is also advantageous to controlling undesirable odors, which are partially caused by the wastewater and partially due to gas odors (e.g., in conventional techniques, where alternative gases are bubbled through the wastewater) from incomplete gas to liquid transfer.
Accordingly, alternative embodiments may effectively employ gases such as ozone, carbon monoxide, chlorine gas, inert gas, or other useful gases. For example, ozone may be used to disinfect or sterilize a liquid such as water, by oxidizing contaminants out of the liquid. Contaminants such as lead and cyanide, among others, may be effectively ozonated out of a liquid and into an insoluble compound, while any excess from the ozonation process generally reduces to ordinary oxygen. Ozone may also be used to reduce contamination and waste involved with materials production and processing, such as anodizing aluminum, cross-linking of synthetic polymers and natural fibers such as collagen, and bleaching processes found in paper production. In the anodizing process, ozone saturated solvents could be used instead of acids, thereby reducing the toxicity of waste materials. For further example, hydrogen gas-enriched water may be used to enhance the degradation of chlorinated solvents in groundwater. Alternatively, water enriched with alternative gases, such as ozone, chorine or gases "toxic" to certain organisms, may be employed in open bodies of water to treat specific problems, such as the eradication of zebra mollusks that clog water vents in the Great Lakes.
Because the embodiments permit delivery of a liquid highly enriched with a gas to be delivered to a host environment without immediate nucleation in the effluent from the nozzles, the gas concentration of the host environment, whether an empty reservoir or a host liquid, can be raised to hyperbaric levels. Numerous applications that take advantage of this effect are now possible, as a result. Several examples follow.
In wastewater treatment, increasing the air or oxygen concentration of the host liquid to hyperbaric gas concentrations results in heterogeneous nucleation in the host liquid. The nucleation will typically take place on suspended particles, including ones of microscopic size. The growth of bubbles on these particles then results in flotation of the particles, as they are carried upward by the buoyancy of the bubbles, to the upper layers or surface of the host liquid. Skimming the surface of the host liquid can then be used to remove the particulate. This process is more efficient than simply bubbling the host liquid from, for example, an aeration diffuser plate at the bottom of the host liquid. The preformed bubbles will not attach to the small particles with an efficiency comparable to the advantageous efficiency of the heterogeneous nucleation process provided by the present embodiments.
Use of the embodiments to increase the oxygen concentration of the host liquid to hyperbaric levels is advantageous in numerous oxidation processes. For example, removal of heavy metals and sulfides in polluted water, which can be initiated with addition of a peroxide, can be enhanced by high oxygen concentrations in the water as provided by the embodiments, thereby reducing the need for the peroxide. This is an advantage, since leftover peroxide is toxic to biologic organisms.
In many bioreactor applications, wherein yeast, fuigi, or bacteria require oxygen to produce a desired product or result, the ability to provide high levels of oxygen in the host liquid would increase the yield of the product or result. A higher concentration of the organism could be supported in the bioreactor, and when the rate of formation of the product is dependent on oxygen concentration, the rate will increase along with the increased levels of oxygen provided by the embodiments. In this application, the high level of oxygen would be adjusted to be below the level that results in excessive nucleation and formation of froth.
In anaerobic bioreactors, carbon monoxide may be used as a carbon source for biosynthesis of organic molecules. Applying the embodiments, high levels of carbon monoxide, including hyperbaric levels, are achievable in the host liquid, so that the reaction rate of the bioproduct can be accelerated. An increase in the reaction rate would make the process more efficient and more economical.
In the beverage industry, a high level of supersaturation of the beverage with a gas such as carbon dioxide is often desirable. The embodiments may be used to dispense a beverage highly supersaturated with a gas such as carbon dioxide, air, or oxygen. The gas-enriched liquid may be dispensed either as gas-enriched water that is mixed with ordinary syrup, or as the final gas-enriched beverage. Compared to the use of ordinary dispensers, the gas-enriched beverage provided by the embodiments will be less frothy and will retain the high level of gas for a longer period of time. Less froth will also expedite filling of a beverage glass or cup.
In the spa industry and in homes, the embodiments may be used to deliver water with a high level of gas supersaturation as provided in either a bath or a shower. The most economical gas is air, but air enriched with oxygen or pure oxygen can be used to provide high levels of oxygen in contact with the skin. High levels of oxygen may be helpful for enhancing collagen synthesis, reducing skin hypoxia, and oxidative killing of microorganisms. In addition, the fine effervescence that occurs in the water in contact with skin provides a unique invigorating sensation. In addition to air and oxygen, high levels of carbon dioxide in water can also be used for some applications, wherein vasodilation of skin vessels is desirable. A mixture of gases, such as carbon dioxide and oxygen, may also be beneficial in some instances.
There are numerous other examples, wherein a high level of gas in a host liquid under ambient pressure is achievable and advantageous with each embodiment. For example, water enriched with air can enhance water jet cleaning of surfaces and can facilitate snow making at temperatures above 0� C., and water enriched with an inert gas such as nitrogen or carbon dioxide can be used to more efficiently extinguish a fire.
The embodiments may be used with a wide variety of liquids. For example, liquid fuels, such as alcohols, oils, gasoline, and diesel fuel can be enriched with oxygen and, when delivered through a small orifice, subsequent combustion and oxidation of the fuel will be more complete. The presence of oxygen already in the fuel may act as a catalyst and/or the combustion may proceed at a higher temperature. In addition to the presence of oxygen in the fuel (the solubility of oxygen in fuels is much greater than for water), production of a fine mist from a small orifice can be used to produce microscopic bubbles suspended in a gaseous environment (e.g., air). The microbubbles are produced when the liquid first breaks up into tiny droplets and gas nucleation in each droplet produces a microbubble. The thin skin of fuel comprising the wall of the microbubble provides a very broad surface area for facilitating more complete combustion of the fuel. As a result, fuel efficiency will increase and emission of undesirable reactants, products, and particulate will be reduced.
It should be apparent that the embodiments may also be used to enhance any chemical or biologic reaction, wherein a high level of gas within a liquid is advantageous at ambient pressure. In addition to ordinary liquids, liquid melts of solids such as polymers and metals can be enriched with a gas with use of the embodiments.
The present invention may be susceptible to various modifications and alternative forms. Specific embodiments of the present invention are shown by way of example in the drawings and are described herein in detail. It should be understood, however, that the description set forth herein of specific embodiments is not intended to limit the present invention to the particular forms disclosed. Rather, all modifications, alternatives, and equivalents falling within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims are intended to be covered.
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|12 May 2006
|20 May 2008
|Koopmans Richard J
|Mixer for use in wastewater treatment processes
|3 Apr 2009
|5 Mar 2013
|Neos International, Llc
|System and method of water treatment
|9 Aug 2012
|15 Aug 2013
|Luminita Claudia SCHMID
|Oxygen treatment of water and pulp from paper or cardboard production
|3 Apr 2009
|30 Dec 2009
|Delano Roger A
|System and method of water treatment
|U.S. Classification
|210/620, 210/758, 210/631
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|13 May 2011
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|26 Jun 2015
|Maintenance fee reminder mailed


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Double Take
Drama, Documentary
"Double Take" is a tale of intrigue, personal paranoia and deception. Using archive footage, the film uses Hitchcock's own sardonic wit to explore his preoccupation with doubles -- a recurring theme in his films -- to virtuoso and entertaining effect. Positioned against the backdrop of the Cold War and inspired by Jorge Luis Borges novella, "The Otherâ," best-selling British author Tom McCarthy writes a plot to mirror the political intrigue in which Hitchcock and his elusive double increasingly obsess over the perfect murder of each other.
Cast: Mark Perry, Delfine Bafort, Ron Burrage
Produced by:
Directed by: Johan Grimonprez
Written by:
Running time: 1hr 20min
Opens: Jun 02, 2010 NY
|Theaters for Today
Pick a day
on this day.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Nb: infants must be under the age of 2 and
children must be under the age of 12 at the time of
Expertly run by the Fender family this hotel has long been established as one of Austria's finest. The Hochfirst is situated a short walk from the Festkogl gondola, with skiing back to the hotel. The spa area offers an impressive array of leisure facilities. However the hotel still retains the charm and character of a grand old hotel and has a deserved reputation for excellent cuisine.
90 bedrooms. Rooms for 2 people on half board sharing a north facing room with Austrian twin beds private bath and WC. South west facing rooms are available at a supplement as well as single rooms with private shower. Also available at a supplement are north facing quad rooms that sleep up to 4 consisting of one room with Austrian twin beds and double sofa bed (max. 2 adults and 2 children). All bedrooms have private bath or shower, WC, hairdryer, cable TV and balcony.
It has a deserved reputation for excellent cuisine. There is also a relaxing lounge with views onto the mountains, a stunning dining room and bar areas with comfortable seating and stunning views.
Iglu acts as a travel agent for disclosed principals/tour operators, further details
of which will be made available at the time of booking. Your holiday contract will
be bound by the tour operators terms and conditions.
Prices are shown for a basic room or unit, can be subject to change and are indicative
until time of booking. Please call on 020 8544 7114 for prices for other travel
and room options for this property.
Prices shown are per person per week based on maximum occupancy. Descriptions and
quality ratings are provided by the Tour Operator (or one of the Tour Operators
where similar holidays are offered by more than one supplier). We reserve the right
to make minor adjustments to the description or rating based on staff and customer
feedback. For payments by credit card, a 2.5% credit card charge (4% for AMEX) will
be added to your invoice. If you pay by a UK issued debit card, there is no charge.
All bookings are subject to a £5 per person Passenger Admin Fee charged by Iglu.com.


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Your Name in Lights
The Chicago Fire will display "Welcome, Birthday, Wedding, or Anniversary" messages on the TOYOTA PARK scoreboard at Fire home games for a $50.00 donation to the Chicago Fire Foundation.
Please comply with the following guidelines:
- All requests must be received five (5) business days prior to the specified game.
- Messages will be approximately 30 characters or less, including spaces and punctuation.
- The Chicago Fire has complete editorial control over all content of messages and reserves the right to refuse any request.
- Requests will not be processed until full payment is received.
- The Chicago Fire reserves the right to specify which half the message will be displayed.


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After the stellar Sounds Like Summer concert at The Cannery Ballroom last weekend, Lightning 100 and Miller Lite are heading down to Cannery Row yet again to bring you the 5th annual Miller Made Music Showcase, featuring a plethora of great local talent this Saturday night. Just like you, we here at Lightning 100 like to have a good time, which is why the event is totally free for everyone over 21 years of age. All of the bands are completely independent, so bring your friends and come show your support for some of the most exciting acts Nashville has to offer.
Despite the fact that they met on craigslist, there is nothing shady or uncomfortable about their music. Out of all the two-piece rock bands that call music city home, The Blackfoot Gypsies are certainly the most upbeat bluesmen this town has to offer. This band has been picking up steam in the past year due to their exhilarating live shows and off-the-wall, throwback appearance. Their debut album On the Loose dropped in 2012, and you can see what these guys are all about right here.
The Gills
Had the Beatles stuck around long enough to sport flannel shirts and combat boots, they might have sounded something like The Gills. Moving from Pensacola to their new home base here in Nashville was a good move for this dynamic group of musicians. Having a knack for songwriting that ebbs and flows without sacrificing instrumental chops makes this band an act you do not want to miss. If for whatever reason you find yourself thinking "I really like the Gills, but I wish they would dress in drag more often", have no fear. You can check out them out sporting sundresses and unshaved legs in their newest music video.


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Green Union Blog
Our blog regularly showcases all our wonderful partner wedding suppliers, what they do and events they are holding. From time to time we feature real weddings submitted by amazingly talented photographers and the couples themselves. Plus you'll find heaps of inspiration and ideas on how to throw a gorgeous green wedding!
Sit-down receptions, or wedding breakfasts, are considered the most traditional way to celebrate a couple's big day, but in many circles, this mode of dining is way too formal and picnics are becoming more and more popular.
Published: 2015-08-17
Published By: Rosie Ames
SUPPLIER FOCUS: Stunning Tipis for Couples Planning to get Wed in the South East of England
In Supplier Focus, Tipis, Tents and Marquees
Today I am really excited and delighted to finally welcome The Stunning Tents Company to Green Union's wedding directory, handpicked to offer eco-friendly couples getting married in the South East of England the opportunity to hire these beautiful structures for their own unique wedding day.
Published: 2015-08-03
Published By: Rosie Ames
Feeling glamorous and perfect on your wedding day calls for a lot of decision making and getting your hair right is a big part of the overall look. But don't worry a but - a little but of experimentation with some beautiful hair accessories and jewels will make the decision-making so easy!
Published: 2015-07-31
Published By: Rosie Ames
SPECIAL OFFER: Website ONLY special with Paperless Wedding
In Events, Giveaways, Offers, Inspired Idea, Services & Hire
You've sent out all your paper invitations, but now want to give your guests more details about your big day? Paperless Weddings have the perfect solution for you - a wedding website with a special offer ...
Published: 2015-07-06
Published By: Rosie Ames
COMPETITION: Last chance to win 50% off your wedding photography!
In Events, Giveaways, Offers, Photography
Happy Friday everyone! Just a reminder that Joanna Ornowska is offering one lucky couple the chance to win 50% off their wedding photography and you have only a few days left to catch this amazing offer!
Published: 2015-06-26
Published By: Rosie Ames
SEASONAL INSPIRATION: How to Survive the Festival (Wedding) Season Like a Pro
In Seasonal Inspiration, The Guide, Tipis, Tents and Marquees
We're going a little off-piste today as festival season's here again! And a lot of what's here can come in handy for those throwing, or attending, a weekend long festival inspired wedding ...
Published: 2015-06-24
Published By: Rosie Ames
SEASONAL INSPIRATION: Create a DIY flower crown for British Flowers Week
In Flowers, Inspired Idea, Seasonal Inspiration
Image: By Dehan Engelbracht for The Pretty Blog
Who doesn't love a pretty flower crown? So, to celebrate British Flowers Week, I thought it would be fun to create one using this easy step-by-step DIY guide.
Published: 2015-06-17
Published By: Rosie Ames
To celebrate #BritishFlowersWeek we're running a special GIVEAWAY! Win a lovely confetti pail and 2 litres of natural flower petal confetti worth over £30 from Shropshire Petals over on Instagram!
Published: 2015-06-17
Published By: Rosie Ames
Lovely Confetti! And a special offer for British Flowers Week
In Events, Giveaways, Offers, Flowers, Inspired Idea
To celebrate #BritishFlowersWeek Shropshire Petals, who grow and produce 100% natural petal confetti on their Shropshire farm in the heart of England, are offering a great discount and a competition. And they tell us what else they would do with their natural flower petal confetti apart from throwing it!
Published: 2015-06-16
Published By: Rosie Ames
It's here at last - the start of #BritishFlowersWeek 2015! And what a week its promising to be...
Published: 2015-06-15
Published By: Rosie Ames
Wedding Themes
Wedding planning can be a daunting prospect, but it needn't be. Just take a deep breath and rummage through our pages of information, advice and useful tips for throwing an eco friendly wedding. We'll take you through the planning process from start to finish. Have a wonderful journey!
Get naturally green wedding ideas, tips, DIY how-to's and inspiration through the seasons including decor, flowers, food and rituals.


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Two Mules for Sister Sara (1969)
Action/Adventure, Drama, Western
Director Budd Boetticher wrote the story upon which this comic Western was based. Clint Eastwood stars as Hogan, a tough cowboy who rescues a woman, Sara (Shirley Maclaine) as she's about to be attacked by a trio of rapists. Surprised to learn that his new traveling companion is a nun, Hogan agrees to escort her to a camp occupied by anti-French revolutionaries. It turns out that neither of this pair is what they claim to be: Hogan is to scout out a French military garrison for a future attack, while Sara is actually a prostitute masquerading as a nun. After Hogan spies Sara smoking cigars and drinking whiskey, he begins to figure out she's not a bride of Christ, and the two team up with the Juaristas to destroy the French fortifications.~ Karl Williams, All Movie Guide
Cast: Clint Eastwood, Shirley MacLaine, Manuel Fábregas, Alberto Morin
Produced by:
Directed by: Don Siegel
Written by: Albert Maltz, Budd Boetticher
Running time: 1hr 54min
|Theaters for Today
Pick a day
on this day.


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Depending on how they spent the first two days and nights of the fest, fans are having all sorts of Saturday afternoons today at Bonnaroo.
Some of them - perhaps those that stayed up with electronic star Pretty Lights last night until dawn - are flocking to the shade, letting the languid indie-pop sounds of Cults and Patrick Watson waft their way. Others have found an inexplicable second wind, thrashing to punk-spirited hip-hop crew Death Grips and electronic thumpers Clockwork.
Saturday afternoon also featured a few performers with more famous musical family members. James McCartney attracted a sizable crowd to his acoustic show at the "New Music On Tap Lounge," where passersby snapped photos, nodded along and marveled at McCartney's uncanny resemblance to his dad, Paul McCartney - who'd rocked the What stage for thousands some 12 hours before.
A few hundred yards behind James, Solange Knowles - the younger sibling of pop superstar Beyonce - took the "Which" stage with her limber backing band. Speaking of ways to spend your Bonnaroo, we'd say Solange is doing it right. The singer performed twice yesterday - first popping up to sing "Two Weeks" with her indie-rock pals Grizzly Bear, then taking part in a late night all-star "superjam" with hip-hop luminaries.


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Nothing gets us excited like soaking in a new round of gorgeous clothes and beauty trends at fashion week. Seriously, what's not to like about all the new fall 2012 collections? These designers have created several trends that are sure to last far past the fall season, and you know we're here to give you the scoop on all of them.
Top Fall 2012 Hair Trends
So, let's talk hair. Lucky for us, all of the popular hair trends this fall can easily be created in the morning before you start your day. These styles are comfortable and classy with a modern twist. There's no stylist required (even though having your own personal one sure would help!) Each and every one of these styles is simple, beautiful, and just perfect for the upcoming fall.
There's so much to talk about when it comes to the Ralph Lauren show, but let's try to focus on just the hair (which is hard, trust us). Isn't the style above just the epitome of classy? Mr. Lauren wasn't the only designer to feature a low ponytail, but he was one of the few to have his models wear hair that was completely slicked back. Pair that with some dangly earrings, and you're ready to go out.
We love Diesel's edgy style, and the hair trends at his show did not disappoint. The key to achieving this style is to let loose. It doesn't have to be perfect. Don't bother with endlessly straightening your hair. Just let it air dry and put it in a low ponytail with a very thin, almost invisible rubber band. After that, grab just above the rubber band a tug a little bit to get a "messy bump." Secure with hairspray.
Carlos Miele
We're excited that using hot rollers have come full circle and that designers have stopped focusing on board straight hair. Trust us, hot rollers are such a time saver. Why stand in front of your mirror straightening your hair when you can put hot rollers in it and then go about your morning eating breakfast and getting ready? Here's a tip: Spray just the tip on each piece of hair with heavy duty hairspray before rolling it, leave them in for 15-20 minutes, take them out just before you hop in your car, and you'll get a look similar to the Carlos Miele model above.
Dianne Von Furstenberg
This hair trend features a side part that does not extend to the back of your head. Simply part the front of your hair, smoothing it until you can seamlessly connect it with the back part of your hair, which should be pulled back.
Aveda Corp & Betsey Johnson
Trust Betsy Johnson to have a ton of fun style ideas for your wardrobe and your hair. We love braids, and this one is crisp and clean with a simple piece of hair wrapped around the rubber band. Feel free to use bobby pins and hairspray to tuck away stray hairs within the braid to get this continuous look.
Aveda Corp & Preen
This windblown trend is sure to be popular because it is so effortless and airy. Twist a piece of hair on top of your head for a little "pouf" and secure with a bobby pin. Then pull your hair to a high ponytail without pulling the hair all the way through and secure it tightly. We say tightly because you should be able to lean your head over, shake it, etc. without having it come completely loose but still embracing the wisps that will come out. This style is best for those with short hair (but long enough to pull into a small ponytail.)
Espen Salberg
Lastly, don't forget that hairstyles should absolutely be enhanced with an accessory or two. Several designers featured cute hats and beautiful wide lace headbands like this one. We just can't get enough of them and will definitely be sporting some this fall, if not sooner.
Check out more Fall 2012 Hair Trends


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|Brewster, Mass.
|High School:
|Nauset Regional
Before Quinnipiac:
Played varsity lacrosse and field hockey for Nauset Regional High … As a senior field hockey player, she was caption, MVP, team leader in points, and was selected as an Atlantic Coast League all-star … As a lacrosse player, she was captain and MVP of her junior and senior year, and an Atlantic Coast League all-star … Collected the most points of any player in Massachusetts with 154 in 2012 … Nauset Regional High's all-time leader in goals and assists with 195 and 103 … Awarded the Bremner Award and the Excellence in Physical Education award in 2011 … Received the 2-12 Samuel O. Gurney award … Three time Atlantic Coast League all-star.
The daughter of Kevin and Sherrie McCullough… Has an older brother Mark, a younger brother Ethan, and an older sister Jillian… She will be attending Quinnipiac University as a Behavioral Neuroscience major.


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Health Care
Forever Young Chiropractic
"Enhance Your Quality of Life Today"
Unlike conventional medicine, which focuses on attempting to treat disease once it occurs, Forever Young Chiropractic emphasizes improving your health in an effort to reduce the risk of pain and illness in the first place. Most people would rather be healthy and avoid illness, if they could. This is one of the main reasons for the big surge in the popularity of our wellness center.
|Chiropractic Care
|Zip Codes:
|90801 90802 90803 90804 90805 90806 90807 90808 90809 90810 90813 90814 90815 90822 90831 90832 90833 90834 90835 90840 90842 90844 90845 90846 90847 90848 90853 90888 90899
|4th Street Corridor, Alamitos Beach, Alamitos Heights, Arlington, Artcraft Manor, Belmont Heights, Belmont Park, Belmont Shore, Bixby Knolls, Bixby Village, Bluff Heights, Bluff Park, Broadway Corridor, California Heights, Carroll Park, Central Area, Craftsman Village, Downtown Long Beach, Drake Park, East Village, Eastside, El Dorado Park, El Dorado Park Estates, El Dorado South, Hellman, Imperial Estates, Lakewood Village, Cambodia Town (Little Phnom Penh), Long Beach Marina, Los Altos, Los Cerritos - Vrginia Country Club, Memorial Height, Naples, North Long Beach, Park Estates,[13], Peninsula, Ranchos, Rose Park, Shoreline Village, South of Conant, Stearns Park, Saint Mary's, Sunrise, Terminal Island, Traffic Circle, University Park Estates, Poly High, West Long Beach, Willmore City, Wrigley North and South, Wrigley Heights, Zaferia
|Payment Methods:


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Check out the new Nokia Lumia Icon phone commercials filmed at Mountain High this December.
Want a smartphone that shoots epic videos? The Nokia Lumia Icon is the best-in-class smartphone for capturing incredible video. Plus, with a 20 MP sensor and 4 Omni-directional microphones for great audio capture, you'll never miss out on an opportunity to record and share unique, captivating moments!


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Moab, Arches, & Canyonlands Area Lodging
Moab Lodging & Property Management
Moab Lodging & Property Management
Moab Property Management, 690 South Main st.
Moab, UT 84532
Best Available Rates for: Sep 05, 2015 - Sep 07, 2015 Change Dates
No data available for this date range.
Moab Lodging & Property Management
- Star Rating
At Moab Lodging and Property Management we specialize in luxury overnight vacation rentals. Why stay in a hotel when we can house your entire party in one condo or home for less? Plus you will get a kitchen, living room, patio, garage, and have options for private hot tubs, and scenic locations. Get more for less, and make the most of our your time in beautiful Moab.
Amenities & Services
Property Amenities
- Common area hot tub (indoor)
- Common area hot tub (outdoor)
- Pets allowed (fees may apply)
- Indoor pool
- Outdoor pool
- Wheelchair accessible property
In-Room Amenities
- Air conditioning
- DVD player
- Rooms with fireplace available
- Internet (fees may apply)
- Wireless Internet (fees may apply)
- Jetted bathtub (availability varies by room)
- Full kitchen
- Microwave
- Refrigerator
- Rooms with private hot tub available
- Television


text:
Terms & Conditions.
Some product exclusions may apply. See product page details for more information. Clearance items are final sale. Price matching does not apply to this or any promotion. Offer is valid until September 13 at 11:59 PM PST. May not be combined with any other offer/discount (unless specified), including invitation credits, promotional gift cards and/or special discount links. Discount applied upon checkout. Log in to your account to see your savings.
Whether you're looking to set a mood or bring a dull room to life, this understated, non-toxic concoction from Good Candle BK will do the trick. Its glorious lavender scent will catapult you into a olfactory fantasy every time you inhale. Each ivory-colored candle is hand-poured into a Mason jar and made of 100% American-grown soy wax, which produces a light, white soot and burns longer than conventional paraffin wax. When not in use, cover it with its twist-on metal lid to keep its interior looking pristine.
50 hour burn time.
This product has no reviews yet. Be the first to review this product. Write a review
Enjoy 10% off your first order*


text: Global Internet display ad spending up sharply in Q1 Published on July 26, 2013. Reprints Reprints Ad Age LookBook Weekly Feature How Brands Are Breaking Through Programming Clutter Learn more New York—Global Internet display ad spending grew 26.3% in the first quarter compared with the year-earlier period, according to Nielsen's Global AdView Pulse. Display ad spending growth was strongest in Latin America (up 48.2%), followed by Asia-Pacific (33.2%) and Europe (10.4%). Nielsen does not measure display ad spending for North America. Outdoor ad spending was up 4.3% globally in the first quarter, and TV ad spending climbed 3.5%. Television made up the bulk of global advertising, with a 59.0% share of total media spending in the first quarter. Magazine ad spending declined 2.8% in the first quarter, and newspaper ad spending fell 4.7%. In this article: BtoB Advertisement Comments (0)


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Carhartt Boys Jackson Coat CP8419 in carhartt brown features triple-stitched main seams for durability, front pockets, and rib cuffs and bottom hem. Carhartt Kids Jackson Coat has garment washed for softness. Boys Carhartt Kids CP8419 is made of 12 -ounce, 100% cotton printed duck .
- 12 -ounce, 100% cotton duck
- Garment washed for softness
- Sherpa-lined
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It turned out to be a wonderful day for racing at Route 66 Raceway, after all the clouds and rain cleared the area from overnight. Tony Schumacher raced to his 80th Wally over longtime rival Larry Dixon in the Top Fuel final round. Schumacher, formerly of the Chicago suburbs, has three victories this season and five total at the Chicago track.
Schumacher's teammate, Tommy Johnson Jr. also won his final round contest, only in the Funny Car class. He defeated another teammate Matt Hagen for his first victory of the season. The win also locks Johnson into the Traxxas Shootout for Funny Cars at the U.S. Nationals. All in all a great day for Don Schumacher Racing.
With the spring baseball season winding down, many players are looking to further their seasons by playing on traveling-teams. One such team is based out of Crawfordsville – the Byron Cox Post 72 American Legion squad.
Jonathan Pickett enters his seventh season at the helm for the Legion. He has a 139-32 record and a 2013-fourth place finish in the American Legion State Tournament to his credit.
Montgomery County baseball – the best in the land.
The 2015 baseball seasons around Montgomery County were not
only storied, they were a literal enjoyment bestowed upon the residents of this
It's hard to know where to begin. With three teams winning
in the double-digits, North Montgomery, Crawfordsville and Southmont gave every
fan their money's-worth this season.
LAFAYETTE – With golf sectionals just around the corner,
North Montgomery has been hard at work – not only in practice, but in play.
North Montgomery took on several (and typically larger)
schools Wednesday when the Chargers traveled to Lafayette to take part in the
2015 McCutcheon High School invitational, played at Ravines Golf Course.
With foul weather looming overhead, the boys and girls from
the three area schools were just able to complete this year's County
Championship track meet Friday at North Montgomery High School.
The final team scores for Friday showed North with 65.5
points, Southmont with 51 and Crawfordsville with 50.5. North and South had
five first-place finishes and three second-place finishes. However, North also
had two third and one fourth-place finishes, giving them a 14-point advantage
over their counterparts.


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When viewing a friend's Facebook timeline from my PC web browser there's a photos button to view their photos.
But I cannot find that button when viewing via an Android phone/tablet.
How can I see their photos?
It shouldn't matter whether you're looking at it in the Android browser or the Facebook application as either way on someone's timeline at the top there's a Photos link with the latest picture of them as the thumbnail for it. Clicking on this will take you their photos.
The person's albums will be displayed at the top of the photos page and the photos of that particular person below that.


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A 14K yellow gold pendant set with one semi-round South Seas Pearl, 10-11mm and golden in color, ninety faceted round yellow Sapphires totaling 0.57 carats, and two faceted round Rubies totaling 0.01 carats, total weight, in a "Snake" design, without chain. Approximately L: 2" W: 7/16"
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Recipe by dwieberg
"This is an old Italian family favorite for kale."
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1 bunch
kale, stems removed and leaves coarsely chopped
1 clove
garlic, minced
1 tablespoon
olive oil
2 tablespoons
balsamic vinegar
Salt and ground black pepper to taste
Whoa!!! This is excellent!!! And, can you say HEALTHY??? Superb recipe. Only change I made was to use 4 cloves of garlic (what can I say - I'm a garlic freak.) I've also used a similar method with swiss chard and spinach, but never tried it with balsamic vinegar. That adds a real tasty touch! Note that the recipe says to cook the kale until half of the volume is reduced. Don't over cook it - it's healthier that way!! You don't want it to end up like a wet rag. There should still be a hint of crispness to the leaves. Also, toss the kale a few times and it won't burn. The water on the leaves from washing should be enough. Simple, tasty and good for you!!!
NEEDS 1/2 CUP LIQUID. This is a good way to cook any greens: kale, spinach, chard, collards. Saute the garlic in olive oil, add the greens -with some liquid, like water, veggie or chicken broth, cook it down, add a little salt. Your done. The vinegar is tasty.
200 Ratings
This was a super recipe! If you are a novice at cooking kale, like I was a while ago, you need to strip the leaves off the stems and also chop the leaves a bit before cooking. You should add a small amount of water when cooking the kale and watch carefully so it doesn't boil away and burn. This recipe is very easy and has a really nice flavor. Thank you so much!
Very nice kale preparation. Tastes very Southern, even though its Italian. Be advised it takes at least 20 minutes to wash and de-spine and chop the kale. Also, it helps to have half of the olive oil in the pan when you're cooking the kale, to help it from sticking. Also, add 1/2 cup of water and cover the pan- this will ensure that the kale doesn't burn. The water will evaporate off at the end, leaving nicely sauteed kale.
In the past, I steamed my kale (chard, spinach, etc.), then transfered it to a frying pan with garlic butter, and then dressed it on the plate with balsamic vinaigrette . . . so imagine how happy I was to see this simplified version of a side-dish I enjoy so much (albeit sheepish about not having figured out the "one pan" method for myself. Seems so obvious now!) Anyway, this tastes wonderful: fresh greens are so easy and good for you!
I made this recipe as listed and it was very good. Next time, I plan to cut the amount of balsamic vinegar in half. There was too much and it overpowered the taste of the vegetable.
Our neighbor gave us a bunch of fresh kale from her garden. I didn't know how to prepare it, so gave this recipe a try. I've made spinach this way, and the kale tasted just as good with the EVOO, garlic, & balsamic. Felt like we were doing something very healthy for ourselves with dinner tonight! Thanks, Dwieberg.
I'm sure it would have been much tastier if I didn't burn it. Smelled lovely in the pot. I think it just needed some more water... make sure you keep enough water while steaming the kale!
* Percent Daily Values are based on a 2,000 calorie diet.
Italian Kale
Serving Size: 1/4 of a recipe
Servings Per Recipe: 4
Amount Per Serving
Calories: 92
Calories from Fat: 38
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Interpretive Handbook
89463 :
PTPN11, Full Gene Sequence, Blood
Clinical Information Discusses physiology, pathophysiology, and general clinical aspects, as they relate to a laboratory test
Noonan syndrome (NS) is an autosomal dominant disorder of variable expressivity characterized by short stature, congenital heart defects, characteristic facial dysmorphology, unusual chest shape, developmental delay of varying degree, cryptorchidism, and coagulation defects, among other features. Heart defects include pulmonary valve stenosis (20%-50%), hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (20%-30%), atrial septal defects (6%-10%), ventricular septal defects (approximately 5%), and patent ductus arteriosus (approximately 3%). Facial features, which tend to change with age, may include hypertelorism, downward slanting eyes, epicanthal folds, and low-set and posteriorly rotated ears. Mild mental retardation is seen in up to one-third of adults.
The incidence of NS is estimated to be between 1 in 1,000 and 1 in 2,500, although subtle expression in adulthood may cause this number to be underestimated. There is no apparent prevalence in any particular ethnic group. Several syndromes have overlapping features with NS, including cardiofaciocutaneous (CFC), Costello, Williams, Aarskog, and LEOPARD (lentigines, electrocardiographic conduction abnormalities, ocular hypertelorism, pulmonic stenosis, abnormal genitalia, retardation of growth, and deafness) syndromes.
NS is genetically heterogeneous, with 4 genes currently associated with the majority of cases: PTPN11, RAF1, SOS1, and KRAS. Heterozygous mutations in NRAS, HRAS, BRAF, SHOC2, MAP2K1, MAP2K2, and CBL have also been associated with a smaller percentage of NS and related phenotypes. All of these genes are involved in a common signal transduction pathway, the Ras-MAPK pathway, which is important for cell growth, differentiation, senescence, and death. Molecular genetic testing identifies PTPN11 mutations in 50% of individuals with NS. Mutations in RAF1 are identified in approximately 3% to 17%, SOS1 approximately 10%, and KRAS less than 5% of affected individuals. NS can be sporadic and due to new mutations; however, an affected parent can be recognized in 30% to 75% of families.
The PTPN11 gene comprises 15 exons and encodes the Src homology-2 domain-containing phosphatase (SHP-2), a widely expressed extra-cellular protein. SHP-2 is a key molecule in the cellular response to growth factors, hormones, cytokines, and cell adhesion molecules. It is required in several intracellular signal transduction pathways that control diverse developmental processes. Most reported mutations in PTPN11 are missense mutations, although small deletions as well as whole gene duplications have been reported to cause NS. Most mutations associated with NS destabilize the catalytically inactive conformation of the protein, causing a gain of function of SHP-2.
Some studies have shown that there is a genotype-phenotype correlation associated with NS. An analysis of a large cohort of individuals with NS has suggested that PTPN11 mutations are more likely to be found when pulmonary stenosis is present, while hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is commonly associated with RAF1 mutations but rarely associated with PTPN11.
Mutations in PTPN11 have also been identified in individuals with a variety of other disorders that overlap phenotypically with NS. PTPN11 has been associated with LEOPARD syndrome, an autosomal dominant disorder sharing several clinical features with NS and characterized by multiple lentigines and cafe-au-lait spots, facial anomalies, and cardiac defects. Two mutations, p.Tyr279Cys and p.Thr468Met, represent the most common PTPN11 mutations found in LEOPARD syndrome, although other mutations have been described. Mutations in PTPN11 have also been identified in patients who have clinical features of NS along with features of CFC syndrome, a condition involving congenital heart defects, cutaneous abnormalities, Noonan-like facial features, and severe psychomotor developmental delay.
Genetic testing for PTPN11 mutations can allow for the confirmation of a suspected genetic disease. Confirmation of NS or other associated phenotypes allows for proper treatment and management of the disease and preconception, prenatal, and family counseling.
Useful For Suggests clinical disorders or settings where the test may be helpful
Aiding in the diagnosis of PTPN11-associated Noonan syndrome and LEOPARD syndrome
Interpretation Provides information to assist in interpretation of the test results
An interpretive report will be provided.
Cautions Discusses conditions that may cause diagnostic confusion, including improper specimen collection and handling, inappropriate test selection, and interfering substances
Patients who have received a heterologous blood transfusion within the preceding 6 weeks, or who have received an allogeneic blood or marrow transplant, can have inaccurate genetic test results due to presence of donor DNA.
PTPN11 testing for a specific familial variant (PT1K / PTPN11 Gene, Known Mutation, Blood) is available for individuals who are at risk for a PTPN11 variant that has been previously identified in the family.
Absence of a mutation does not preclude the diagnosis of Noonan syndrome or another PTPN11-related disorder unless a specific mutation has already been identified in an affected family member.
This method will not detect mutations that occur deep in the introns (except in the splicing regions) and regulatory regions of the gene and large rearrangement-type mutations.
Sometimes a genetic alteration of unknown significance may be identified. In this case, testing of appropriate family members may be useful to determine pathogenicity of the alteration.
Reference Values Describes reference intervals and additional information for interpretation of test results. May include intervals based on age and sex when appropriate. Intervals are Mayo-derived, unless otherwise designated. If an interpretive report is provided, the reference value field will state this.
An interpretive report will be provided.
Clinical References Provides recommendations for further in-depth reading of a clinical nature
1. Tartaglia M, Mehler E, Goldberg R, et al: Mutations in PTPN11, encoding the protein tyrosine phophatase SHP-2, cause Noonan syndrome. Nat Genet 2001;29:465-468
2. Tartaglia M, Kalidas K, Shaw A, et al: PTPN11 mutations in Noonan syndrome: molecular spectrum, genotype-phenotype correlation, and phenotypic heterogeneity. Am J Hum Genet 2002;70:1555-1563
3. Musante L, Kehl H, Majewski F, et al: Spectrum of mutations in PTPN11 and genotype-phenotype correlation in 96 patients with Noonan syndrome and 5 patients with cardio-facio-cutaneous syndrome. Eur J Hum Genet 2002;11:201-206
4. Kontaridis M, Swanson K, David F, et al: PTPN11 (Shp2) mutations in LEOPARD syndrome have dominant negative, not activating, effects. J Biol Chem 2006;281(10):6785-6792
5. Cohen MM, Gorlin RJ: Noonan-like/multiple giant cell lesion syndrome. Am J Med Genet 1991;40:159
6. Lee JS, Tartaglia M, Gelb BD, et al: Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of Noonan-like/multiple giant cell lesion syndrome. J Med Genet 2005;42(2):e11
7. Tartaglia M, Gelb B, Zenker M: Noonan syndrome and clinically related disorders. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 2011 Feb;25(1):161-179


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Comments On Sep 10, 2013:Product installed pretty easily, but somehow I believe it to be one of those corny items you buy that's not all its cracked up to be. Bike still ran ok, but it ran ok before the install. If you are one of those people that buys crap from those weird info-mercials then this is right up your ally. BUT WAIT THERES MORE......just kidding that's all I got.
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Comments On Jul 30, 2013:after making small jet adjustments and getting everthing tuned i noticed a major differance at how smooth the powerband kicked in after installing the dial a jet. i started riding at 4365 ft elevation in wyomings northern hills and went past 9000ft in its rocky mountains without ever adjusting anything but the dial a jet and never fouled a plug. the dial a jet worked great and i recommend this product to anyone tired of changing jets on 2 strokes. ive rode over 40 hours so far with the dial a jet and never had to do anything but fill up with gas. amazing product!!!
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Comments On May 31, 2013:Works pretty well to make adjustments on the fly.
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Comments On Mar 12, 2013:I have this system on all four of my quads, 2 Z-400s , Artic Cat DVX 300 and the Beast a KFX-700. I mainly run in the sand so we push em hard! The KFX-700 has been the hardest to jet as it has 2 carbs and is very thirsty. As stated this system WILL require some jetting changes but it is all for the better- now all i have to do to go from 4800ft run down to 2600ft run or at 800ft is turn the dial. The system does add power as it acts like an on command fuel injection when your motor needs it only, like when climbing a 500ft dune-killer.
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Comments On Jul 28, 2012:but beat disassembling your carb for jetting changes.
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Comments On Oct 02, 2011:Easy installation. I can tell the mid range is much better. My z400 pulls alot harder. Highly recommended. Must buy snorkle kit. Why not included ?
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Comments On Jun 05, 2011:In it's design it takes unfiltered air and mixes it with fuel and put the UNFILTERED air into the engine. They do offer the snorkel kit which they recommend for off road use...but a small piece of open cell foam doesn't seem like a great filter. Also depending on your carbs/intake system it may be VERY tricky to install. My Banshee was not as nice and easy as it would install on my Scrambler. I like the priciple...not the actual product. I eventually opted to NOT install the kit on my Banshee. I ride the foothills and felt the adjustability would be nice...but ultimately introducing UNFILTERED air into my engine seemed like engine rebuilds waiting to happen.
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Comments On May 06, 2008:have a 660 raptor and it works great! this makes life simple since have 2 carbs to jet. change jets initially and never touch carbs again. just turn the dial a jet. makes alot of difference in bottom snap. Now runs like injected 700s.
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Comments On Mar 11, 2008:If you're upgrading your quad with a pipe and a high flow filter and you need to re-jet just skip ahead to the Dial-A-Jet. This adds a ton of throttle responce down low. It's so easy to install you'll swear you missed a step.
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Comments On Feb 26, 2008:It works but i would have to say its not a complete replacement for a jet kit as it only allows for more fuel to be delivered and cannot lean out the fuel mixture so if you do a lot of higher altitude riding its useless, I run it in conjunction with a fmf jet kit and it works quite well.
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I want to print Trello boards but want them to look exactly as they do on the web interface. Trello seems to take all styles away, and print it as a black and white list. Is there any way to have it not do that?
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If you're using Chrome, you might want to use the Screen Capture app. You can then just set the browser to full screen mode, load your Trello boards and activate the app. It outputs a nice PNG that you can then print. Hope that helps.