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Photo by Gary John Norman
General Tommy Franks
Marvin R. Shanken conducts an exclusive interview with America's top general in the war on terrorism.
Marvin R. Shanken
From the Print Edition:
Gen. Tommy Franks, Nov/Dec 03
(continued from page 11)
The date, 9/11, was coincidental. It was the only day in September when the schedule of Gen. Tommy Franks meshed with that of Cigar Aficionado editor and publisher Marvin R. Shanken. But the somber anniversary served as the perfect backdrop for the first post-retirement interview granted by General Franks. It was a day marked by his own observations of small groups of Americans waving flags along the byways of Tampa, Florida, his hometown, and the ever-present yellow ribbons tied to telephone poles and palm trees on the city's avenues. Franks served his country for 37 years, earning three Purple Hearts for wounds received and, over his career, three Bronze Stars for valor.
He climbed up the ranks of the U.S. Army, enlisting after a short stay at the University of Texas in the 1960s and finally reaching one of the highest posts in the military, the head of Central Command. He is a soldier's general, a man who chose throughout his career to spend time in the field, mastering his chosen career firsthand, not in a classroom or some think tank. He earned high accolades as a commander in the first Persian Gulf war in 1991, and worked hard throughout the 1990s to restructure and modernize the U.S. military. He was in charge of CentCom in 2001 when Osama bin Laden's terrorists crashed planes into the World Trade Center and the Pentagon, and he led the planning and execution of the attacks on Afghanistan in October 2001 and Iraq in March 2003. He retired on August 1, 2003.
His comments and answers reflect the beliefs of a man who truly loves his country, and one who fought for the principles established by the founding fathers more than 200 years ago. He addresses directly questions about the search for bin Laden and Saddam Hussein. In the interview with Shanken, he also touches on his opinion about how history will judge George W. Bush, and the prospects for a world without war and terrorism.
Cigar Aficionado: What is today's date?
Gen. Tommy Franks: It's the second anniversary of 9/11.
CA: When you got up this morning, what was your mood?
Gen. Franks: Somber. Serious. I don't think for the past two years there have been too many days when most Americans didn't at some point during the day either experience the result of 9/11/01, or pause and think a little bit about 9/11/01; where they were, what they were doing. And I know that's been the case for me. It's been the case for my family. It has been the cause of a lot of friendships and associations. So, this morning I got up and it was somber. As I drove to work this morning down Bayshore Boulevard out here in the beautiful town of Tampa, all the palm trees and all the poles had yellow ribbons tied on them.
CA: That's beautiful.
Gen. Franks: It is a beautiful thing. And I'll tell you something else that's beautiful about it. Shortly after 9/11, there were three women who, on Friday afternoons, went down on Bayshore Boulevard and just stood on the corner and waved American flags. Three women. They started calling themselves the Bayshore Patriots. And, three women standing on that corner two years ago is something that you ought to experience every Friday. Up until the time we speak right now, they've never missed one. Rain or shine. And the number is considerably larger today. People stand on that corner and wave at cars passing every Friday afternoon. Those are the thoughts that ran through my mind when I got up this morning.
CA: How does September 11th compare in American history to such tragic events as Pearl Harbor or the assassination of John F. Kennedy?
Gen. Franks: I think we could probably use a lot of different words to describe that. One I've already used is "somber." If you look at a comparison of one day, two years ago, our country lost several thousand citizens: men, women, children, in the wink of an eye compared to the sweep of history. The greatest loss that we've ever experienced. Warfare brought to our shores. And you think about Pearl Harbor. Certainly it's a significant event. I was born in 1945, and so I didn't personally experience what it must have been like in December 1941 with Pearl Harbor. I did experience the loss of JFK. I was a student at the University of Texas on the Austin campus. And it's one of those days that we remember.
I've described 9/11, to the media and to all my friends, as the beginning of a crease in American history. And that's exactly how I think about it. I am an old-fashioned guy. I'm a corny guy. I actually believe in the Constitution of the country. I actually hold all of the values that I think Americans hold, even though we may not talk about them a lot. Well, I'm a guy who talks about them. That is my character. That's who I am. And I believe that we have had a couple of hundred years of this grand experiment called democracy. We've had our highs and we've had our lows. And 9/11 brought all of our history right in front of us. It brought in front of us things like liberty; things like freedom; the ability for you, for your family, to be able to go to a mall anywhere in this country, sit in one of the movie theaters that exist in that mall; get on a jet, fly some place around the world. Do whatever you want. The events of 9/11 impacted the way we live and I think it's healthy for us to think about that. I think it's healthy for us to remember that. And I believe that we probably have had no occasion in American history which has had such an impact on citizens at home in this country.
CA: Every single American.
Gen. Franks: Every single American. Every single American.
CA: Where were you when this occurred?
Gen. Franks: Kathy [Mrs. Franks] was with me. And we were headed to Pakistan for a visit with President [Pervez] Musharraf. We had stopped in Souda Bay, Crete, to get gas for the jet. Kathy and I had walked into a small market in this little town, because that's where one buys the best olives in the world. We went back to this little hotel. I was about to take a nap. There was a rap on the door. And I opened the door and one of my assistants said, "Turn on the television." I turned on the TV just in time to see the second tower strike. My wife would tell you that the first words out of my mouth were "Osama bin Laden." That's the first thing that I said. I got on the telephone, called back, talked to people in my headquarters, raced off to the jet, got back here on the 12th of September, talked to [Secretary of Defense] Don Rumsfeld, and we started planning for operations in Afghanistan.
CA: The very next day, you and Rumsfeld had your first conversation?
Gen. Franks: I may have talked to him later on the 11th. I can't recall; but, by the 12th, when I hit the ground back here, my staff and the staff in the Pentagon and the secretary's staff were already working on a plan.
CA: Can you recall the very first words that he said to you or you said to him?
Gen. Franks: I don't recall the exact words, Marvin, but it would be a very businesslike conversation that would have been along the lines of form of concept for operations in Afghanistan and "bring it to me as quickly as you can." It would have been something very businesslike. There would not have been emotion in that conversation.
You'll recall that the secretary's quite a hero himself personally. When the airplane struck the Pentagon, he had gone from his office in the smoke and had assisted in removing people from the Pentagon. And so he was, as I was, I'm sure, tired.
CA: But it was businesslike, and not something like, can you believe how horrible this was?
Gen. Franks: It was business. All business.
CA: Did he give you a time frame for action?
Gen. Franks: I don't recall it, but I doubt it, because that would not be the secretary's way. He would have said, "Get it together and talk to me in the next couple of days and bring me something quickly."
CA: Was there a sense of urgency?
Gen. Franks: There was urgency, of course.
CA: When did you first speak to the president?
Gen. Franks: I think my first discussion with the president would have been on seven or eight days after 9/11. And that would be when the secretary and I took him the concept for a plan to remove the Taliban and the terrorist networks in Afghanistan. It was probably the 20th or the 21st of September.
CA: Is the plan that you proposed then essentially the plan that you ended up executing?
Gen. Franks: What we would not have had by the 20th or the 21st, when I talked to the president the first time, would have been the target sets. The specifics. There is an order to war. And the order has to do not only with a sense of priority; it has to do with which things are struck militarily at what point in time. The concept would have been what, in fact, we all watched unfold. The specifics, the target sets and the relationship between humanitarian assistance and kinetic targeting would not have been in place. And I think that I saw the president again, perhaps nine or 10 days later, with a complete package. And I think he approved for execution on the second of October, and we discussed when operations should begin. We agreed when all of the elements would be in place to begin operations.
CA: What time frame was that? You had projected how many weeks or months would be required?
Gen. Franks: I don't think we knew at that point in time. We knew what we were going to do. I think one of the principles of war is that a good commander will always remember that the enemy takes a hand. And we were not sure at that point in time whether the Taliban and the Al Qaeda leadership in Afghanistan would die hard; whether they would try to escape to the mountains; we didn't know. We knew the effect of precision munitions. We knew the effect of our special operations forces. We knew that we wanted to get our special forces people linked up and working with opposition groups. A lot of people have said, the Northern Alliance. In fact, the Northern Alliance was the largest of these groups, but there were opposition leaders all over the country of Afghanistan. I met some of them in clandestine meetings in Tajikistan. I met some of them inside Afghanistan. I met some of them in Pakistan.
CA: Did the fact that it took a long period of time before the strike give the Taliban an unusual opportunity to disperse and hide?
Gen. Franks: No. The timing of the operation—which started on the seventh of October, less than a month after 9/11—was such that it was operationally overwhelming to the Taliban. They, in my view, had not had time to make a plan. And you'll recall that we had come off of a number of years where we had demurred with respect to putting forces in Afghanistan. I think it'll take another 15 or 20 years, maybe, for us to know, because a lot of historical work is necessary—whether they actually believed that we would put ground forces in Afghanistan. I think that whole proposition was rather shocking for the Taliban when operations did in fact begin. Comparatively, it was a very, very, short period of time: from the 11th of September until the seventh of October. I would also mention to you that I think it was 75 days—75 or 76 days—after 9/11, a new president was installed in Afghanistan. I'd say that's a pretty quick, sort of a kinetic start to an operation.
CA: Was one of the objectives to capture and/or kill Osama bin Laden?
Gen. Franks: Actually, that isn't right. Not just the objective, but the mission, the direction from the president, was to remove the Taliban and remove the enclaves and training camps of the terrorists who were associated with Al Qaeda. I think that many have speculated and will speculate in the future that Mullah Omar was some place at a given point in time and that Osama bin Laden was in Tora Bora or in the White Mountains, or something, at a point in time. To this day, I am unconvinced that we ever had, with any precision, the location of the personalities of either the Taliban or Al Qaeda. Desirable? As the president said, "to kill or capture." Of course. But it was not a specific objective.
CA: Did you feel, after September 11th, that America had appropriate intelligence information on the Taliban and Al Qaeda, or were we really behind the curve when it suddenly became imperative to know everything we needed to know to wage a war against them?
Gen. Franks: It's very, very difficult to know. George Tenet and the Central Intelligence Agency had worked diligently for a period of time to gain information on the Taliban and on the Al Qaeda network, both within Afghanistan and in some 55 or 60 other countries on this planet. We certainly recognized the problem. The intelligence community was working with some diligence on the problem. And that's probably about the best that I could say. The CIA certainly had contact with some of these opposition groups and it was through our agency contacts that I met many of the opposition leaders once we started the war.
CA: It's two years later. Bin Laden is still not captured.
Gen. Franks: And let me say this. He may not be captured or killed in the near future. Do you know why? Because there is an ideology that is associated with the support of Osama bin Laden, and there are a great many households on the face of the earth that will accept him and support him. That is not the case with Saddam Hussein in Iraq. It's a different sort of a scenario.
CA: What I'm trying to get at, especially given the fact that a new video of bin Laden was aired last night, is that many people believe that those videos are just manufactured propaganda pieces designed to keep him alive in the public eye. No one knows where he is because many believe he may really be dead. What do you think?
Gen. Franks: There is that theory out there. I think most students of the last two years would tell you that they can neither confirm nor deny that thesis. The military standard, the measure of merit for military operations, seeks to avoid speculation. Most practitioners of the art will say the negative exists until the positive can be confirmed. And so in our discussions, we will accept the credibility of the argument that says he ain't dead until we prove he's dead.
CA: Some people have suggested that because of America's focus on Iraq, we have taken our eye off of bin Laden and the war on terrorism. We moved the manpower, we moved the surveillance and we moved the focus to another country. And so the terrorists are still out there roaming the globe. What's your feeling about that hypothesis?
Gen. Franks: An ill-informed view.
CA: Why? Was the mission over in Afghanistan? Gen. Franks: Absolutely not. But let me just give you the numerical facts. On the day combat operations started in Iraq, the 19th of March of this year, we had about 9,500 Americans involved in operations in Afghanistan. On the day operations ceased, or major military operations ceased, in Iraq, on the first of May, we had about 9,500 Americans in Afghanistan. The intelligence, surveillance, reconnaissance, focus, command and control that was required for work in Afghanistan never changed, never varied. And to this day, has not changed or varied—with this exception: there is greater participation in Afghanistan today by the international community than there was when the war in Iraq started. So those who would say the focus on Afghanistan was lost as we went into Iraq simply is not factually true.
It's very interesting to me, because I think every week or 10 days for the last couple of years, I gave an update to the president. And each time, even during the major military operations in Iraq, [when] I would give the president an update on Iraq, I also gave him an update on Afghanistan. Because he was interested. Don Rumsfeld, in my personal view, never took his eye off the ball in Afghanistan. And here's the reason: both Afghanistan and Iraq are a part of a global war on terrorism. Look at this. You can look around right now at the continuing investigations of "What did you know in the intelligence community that could have precluded 9/11? What intelligence information did we have that could have changed the outcome and created a better outcome if action had just been taken?" My personal view is that we had more credible and more voluminous intelligence information that indicated a potential nexus between terrorism and weapons of mass destruction in Iraq than we had precision relating to the planning and ongoing activities of Al Qaeda in Afghanistan. And both of these elements are part of a global war on terrorism. And we are not at the end of it. We're at the beginning.
CA: Why haven't those points been picked up by the media and given the weight they deserve?
Gen. Franks: Let's talk about the media for a minute. I am not a negativist with respect to the media. I believe in the First Amendment of the Constitution. People have asked me so many times, "Well, why have you been media shy? Why don't you talk to me?" I told you a minute ago, I'm an old-fashioned kind of guy. I believe that the moms and dads and sons and daughters and husbands and wives of military people involved in the global war on terrorism, either in Afghanistan or in Iraq, have an expectation that our senior military leaders are tending to the business of war fighting rather than tending to the business of entertaining the media. That has been my view, sir, and it remains my view and that is why I supported the proposition of embedding media into our operations in Iraq, whereas we have not done that in Afghanistan. We talk about lessons learned. People ask me all the time, "What lessons did we learn in Afghanistan that we then transferred to our operations in Iraq?" Well, one of the lessons is that it is helpful to accommodate the media on the battlefield.
CA: The embedded media program, in your view, was a success?
Gen. Franks: Absolutely. An unqualified success. Don Rumsfeld and I have both said it. He didn't use these words. This is my voice. Somebody asked me about the embedded media just as you just did, and people continue to ask me about that. What I say about it is, I'm a fan. I lived through Vietnam in 1967 and 1968. And there are lessons to be taken from each war in which our country has been engaged, and one of those lessons is that having media present on the battlefield is good for our country. So, I'm a fan.
CA: You just said that the war in Iraq was not just about weapons of mass destruction, but is part of the overall fight against terrorism. Given that profound statement, what are your feelings about criticism of President Bush that because we've found no weapons of mass destruction in Iraq, it suggests the president misled our country, and we had no business going to war there?
Gen. Franks: That's a fair question. I'll give you an answer on two levels. First off, with respect to the whole discussion of what was known that caused our government to decide to go into Iraq and how that was tied to the war on terrorism, and so forth: my first comment is, Ain't this a great country! The people who crafted our Constitution more than 200 years ago saw fit to enable America to be informed, saw fit to enable both negativists and positivists to make their points forcefully. Ain't this a great country? The fact that there is negativism and questioning and political debate and discussion and sniping, and so forth, satisfies me just fine. I'm OK with that.
Now, let me talk to the substance of your question: Two years after the fact of 9/11, we should ask ourselves what is—not in 1941, not in 1917ñ1918—today, in the twenty-first century, what is the worst thing that can happen in our country? The worst thing that can happen is, perhaps—and this is my personal opinion—two steps. The first step would be a nexus between weapons of mass destruction of any variety. It could be chemical, it could be biological, it could be some nuclear device; and terrorism. Terrorists or any human being who is committed to the proposition of terror, try to just create casualties, not for the purpose of annihilation, but to terrify a population. We see it in the Middle East today, in order to change the mannerisms, the behavior, the sociology and, ultimately, the anthropology of a society.
That goes to step number two, which is that the western world, the free world, loses what it cherishes most, and that is freedom and liberty we've seen for a couple of hundred years in this grand experiment that we call democracy. Now, in a practical sense, what does that mean? It means the potential of a weapon of mass destruction and a terrorist, massive casualty-producing event somewhere in the western world—it may be in the United States of America—that causes our population to question our own Constitution and to begin to militarize our country in order to avoid a repeat of another mass-casualty-producing event. Which, in fact, then begins to potentially unravel the fabric of our Constitution. Two steps: very, very important.
CA: If that's true, why have so many critics attacked the president of the United States and tried to diminish the work of the military?
Gen. Franks: Different views. The old saw, the cliché, that talks about politics and the relationship of liberal journalism to the processes of governance in this country is…actually, I'm not sure how to answer your question. But let me tell you this. Today, we stand on the second anniversary of 9/11. One year from today, we will stand on the third anniversary of 9/11. And what will happen two months after that? In November of '04, we will have a presidential election in this country. The nature of politics is for the contestants to look at the production of an administration to determine what they do not like, whether it's the economy, whether it's foreign policy. That list can go on. They can discuss that and debate it. And so the media's coverage of all of this, I think I can accurately predict in the face of Yogi [Berra], who said, "When one finds a fork in the road, take it." Well, he also said, "Prediction is extremely difficult, especially if it has to do with the future." I'll make this prediction: I believe that we're going to have more discussion, more debate. Some of it will be nasty over the next 14 months as we lead up to a presidential election. I'm an American. I like that fact. I like the process that we go through. And I believe that it is incumbent on people who have views to express those views.
CA: OK. Would you say that finding the smoking gun that might provide absolute proof that Iraq had weapons of mass destruction is actually minor when compared to the importance of the core mission, which is to eliminate terrorism?
Gen. Franks: Defeat terrorism. You have articulated what I would say. I do agree with that. It is an issue, to be sure. But you and I could debate anything that we want to talk about. I'm reminded of the high school debate teams. And that is, one knows the proposition to be debated before one knows which side he or she will sit on for the debate. And I think we're in the middle of a debate, and we're seeing the halves of this country squaring off and each is building its case for the debate. And that's what this democracy's all about.
I told you I'm a corny guy. I'm a traditionalist. And I believe in that. Does that mean that it pleases me when someone says, "Well, General, your campaign in Afghanistan was too much this, or not enough that. The same thing in Iraq." Of course not. But that's a personal issue with me and we take these things personally. But the process, the environment that exists in this country, makes it possible for people to say what they want.
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La Quinta - Orem
La Quinta - Orem
1100 West 780 North
Orem, UT 84057
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La Quinta - Orem
La Quinta Inn of Orem
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NEW! Samsung Flat-panel TVs with 30 channels of HD programming. Easy-access Plug-and-Play feature makes it simple to connect electronics.
The 100% non-smoking La Quinta Inn Orem Hotel is conveniently located just east of I-15 at the 800 North Exit and offers a comfortable, relaxing stay as well as access to several of Utah Valley attractions.
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Enjoy of our free Bright Side Breakfast featuring Carbon's "Make-Your-Own-Waffles", scrambled eggs, bacon, and sausages served each morning of your stay. Every room in the La Quinta Inn of Orem has a microwave, refrigerator, a hair dryer, coffee maker, and many other extras. Some suites even offer a soothing jetted bathtub.
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Amenities & Services
Amenities & Services Free Bright Side Breakfast™
Free Wireless High-Speed Internet Access
Free Local Calls
Free Newspaper
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Meeting Facilities Available
Business Center
Guest Laundry Facilities
Indoor Swimming Pool
Fitness Center
Pets Welcome
Free Bright Side Breakfast® Waffles Hot and cold cereal Bread and muffins Fresh fruit All-you-can-drink coffee and juice Milk Additional Breakfast Items: Sausages Sausage Gravy Biscuits Scrambled Eggs Omeletes Puffy Pancakes w/Hot Syrup Yogurt Danishes/Muffins Whole Wheat Bread Cappuccinos Milk Juices
Property Amenities
- Fitness center
- Common area laundry
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- Pets allowed (fees may apply)
- Indoor pool
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- Conference room(s)
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- Fax services available
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Dining and Attractions
Area Attractions & Landmarks
Thanksgiving Point, 8 mi.
Utah Valley University (UVU), 2 mi.
Brigham Young University (BYU), 4 mi.
Provo Beach Resort, 3 mi.
Utah Lake State Park, 5 mi.
Bridal Veil Falls, 7 mi.
Timpanogos Cave National Monument, 10 mi.
Salt Lake LDS Temple, 35 mi.
Springville Art Museum, 10 mi.
Heber city Historic Railroad, 30 mi.
Area Companies & Businesses
Missionary Training Center , 7 mi.
Timpanogos Hospital, 1 mi.
Riverwoods Corporate Office Park, 4.5 mi.
Adobe Systems, 2.3 mi.
Center For Change, 1.5 mi.
Digital Gateway, 3.3 mi.
Vivint, 1.6 mi.
Heritage School, 10 mi.
Pinnacle Security, 2.6 mi.
Symantec, 2.3 mi.
Tahitian Noni, 3.1 mi.
Telos, 1 mi.
US Synthetics, 2.7 mi.
Utah Valley Regional Hospital, 5.5 mi.
Xactware Inc, 3.2 mi.
AMP Security, 2.6 mi.
Lasik Eye Center, 4.5 mi.
Nearby Sports & Recreation
Alta Ski Resort, 35 mi.
Snow Basin, 80 mi.
Sundance Ski Resort, 10 mi.
Solitude Mountain Resorts, 45 mi.
LaVell Edwards Stadium (BYU Football), 7.5 mi.
Seven Peaks Water Park, 10 mi.
Sleepy Ridge Golf, 2 mi.
Camp W.G. Williams , 10 mi.
Nearby Restaurants
Carraba's Italian Grill, mi.
Denny's, mi.
Magelby's Restaurant, mi.
Romano's Macaroni and Grill, mi.
Asian Panda , 0 mi.
Subway, 0 mi.
Milagros Mexican restaurant , .1 mi.
Caferio Mexican Grill , 2 mi.
Costa Vida Mexican Grill, 2 mi.
Kohinoor Indian Cuisine, 2 mi.
New Chinese Gourmet , 2 mi.
Panda Express, 2 mi.
Zupas restaurant , 2 mi.
Chili's Grill & Bar, 3 mi.
Chuck A Rama Buffet, 3 mi.
Golden Corral Buffet and Grill, 3 mi.
Outback Steak House, 3 mi.
P F Chang's China Bistro, 3 mi.
Sizzler, 3 mi.
Tucanos Brazilian Grill, 3 mi.
Entertainment & Shopping
University Mall, 3 mi.
IronMan Utah Competition, 7 mi.
Provo Towne Centre Mall, 7 mi.
The Shops at Riverwoods, 4.5 mi.
Park City Mall, 3 mi.
Cinemark Theatre, 2.5 mi.
Trafalga Fun Center, 1 mi.
Pirate Island, 3 mi.
Miracle Bowl , 4 mi.
Jump on It, 2 mi.
Location Description
The 100% non-smoking La Quinta Inn Orem Hotel is conveniently located just east of I-15 at the 800 North Exit and offers a comfortable, relaxing stay as well as access to several of Utah Valley attractions.
Just minutes away you'll find Brigham Young University, Utah Valley University...see more, and UCCU event center at UVU where numerous events are held. Visit the close by shops of Riverwoods, Park City, and University Mall
La Quinta - Orem
Cancellation Policy
Deposit Policy
A valid credit card is required to complete all reservations.
Other Fees/Policies
Checkin Policy
Check in Time 03:00 PM (must be over 18 to reserve and checkin)


text:
19 CFR 4.69 - Shipping articles.
No vessel of the U.S. on a voyage between a U.S. port and a foreign port (except a port in Canada, Mexico, or the West Indies), or if of at least 75 gross tons, on a voyage between a U.S. port on the Atlantic Ocean and a U.S. port on the Pacific Ocean, shall be granted clearance before presentation, to the appropriate Customs officer, of the shipping articles agreements, including any seaman's allotment agreement, required by 46 U.S.C. chapter 103, in the form provided for in 46 CFR 14.05-1.
[T.D. 92-52, 57 FR 23945, June 5, 1992]
Title 19 published on 2015-04-01.
No entries appear in the Federal Register after this date, for 19 CFR Part 4.


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After withstanding the heavy body blow dealt by Hurricane Sandy this week, the municipal bond market could not have been expected to keep up its streak of inflows to muni bond mutual funds.
It didnt.
After 28 straight weeks of inflows to muni bond funds, the market saw outflow for the week ended Oct. 31. Funds that report their flows weekly recorded outflows of $123 million for the week ended Oct. 31, Lipper FMI numbers show.
Thats down significantly from the $666 million in inflows for the week ended Oct. 24. But muni bond funds have still seen inflows for 57 of the past 61 weeks. Furthermore, industry watchers still see healthy demand for munis among investors.
This week, the storm knocked offline much of the underwriting operations of the industrys metropolitan New York-based banks. As underwriters recover and prepare deals for the days ahead, demand should prove more than sufficient for the market to absorb the coming calendars.
In the meantime, deals of varying sizes have emerged in the marketplace for investors.
A natural explanation could account for the outflows related to the hurricane. Reportedly, property and casualty insurers which are large holders of muni bonds have been liquidating funds for cash in preparation to cover all of the claims anticipated for storm damage.
Assets for all muni funds that report their flows weekly increased for a seventh straight week to $316.8 billion from $316.3 billion the week before.
The value of the holdings for weekly reporting funds rose for a second straight week, by $619 million. The week before, they increased by $517 million.
The four-week moving average for all municipal bond mutual funds that report their flows weekly saw almost $520 million of inflows, down from a $688 million gain the week before.
Long-term bond funds that report their flows weekly fell, as well. They saw strong outflows to the tune of almost $231 million. This represented a sharp drop from the $414 million of inflows they reported the week before.
High-yield muni funds reported outflows for the week. But flows have been positive for 45 of the previous 49 weeks.
High-yield funds that report weekly saw $86 million in outflows, Lipper said. The previous week, they reported $142 million in inflows.
Assets for high-yield funds that report their flows weekly increased to $43.29 billion, up from $43.20 billion the week before.
The value of the holdings for weekly reporting high-yield funds increased by $177 million. Last week, they increased by $99.2 million.
The four-week moving average for all high-yield municipal bond funds that report their flows weekly was $84.1 million of inflows, falling from $133 million the week before.
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We take pride in offering no hassle returns. In the event of a return, please call, email or chat with us to receive a solution to the problem. For apparel that doesn't fit quite right, Click here to see our Fit Guaranteed Program.
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Comments On Mar 25, 2015:The gaskets were of great quality. My only complaint is they do not label the O-rings and with so many of them similar in size it can be confusing. Other than that these gaskets are the best quality ones I have used so far.
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Comments On Mar 17, 2015:One of the gaskets in the kit lacked holes for centering/ alignment dowels. Another one of the gaskets was too large so it wanted to fold when put into place. I only used a hand full of the gaskets in the kit, but most of the ones I used weren't perfect. The packaging was fine and I no longer have to top off the oil in my bike every time I use it so i guess thats a plus.
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Comments On Jan 19, 2015:When you buy a complete gasket set and has pictures of rubber o rings.it should come with o rings.
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Refinery 29
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In case you didn't receive the memo, fringe is having a moment this spring.
It's on bags, dresses, shoes — you name it. Designers like Tibi and 3.1 Phillip Lim embraced the trend in a big way, and our wardrobes are eager to follow suit come warm weather. As for our hair, well, that's a different story.
You tried bangs, they were awesome, and now you're ready for something new. Since we know growing them out doesn't happen overnight, we culled 10 transitional-hair solutions to help you style your locks. Say hello to your mane's new bread and butter — colorful wraps, Swarovski-embellished bobby pins, and more — and issue a hearty farewell to your fringe.


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Nb: infants must be under the age of 2 and
children must be under the age of 12 at the time of
The LE HAMEAU DE PRAROUSTAN residence is situated in the place known as "Les Molanes" in Pra Loup 1500, 800m from the ski lifts, ESF ski school and snow kindergarten, the resort centre and shops (shuttle buses run every half an hour in the day). This high standard residence has 136 apartments spread over nine 3-storey buildings (no lift) and in chalets.
ACCOMMODATION EQUIPPED WITH : kitchenette with oven or microwave/grill, ceramic hob + dishwasher, balcony or terraceSTUDIO sleeps: 4, approx 28m², living area with sgl sofa bed and sgl pull-out bed + 2 fold-away beds, bathroom.
Self Catering
Iglu acts as a travel agent for disclosed principals/tour operators, further details
of which will be made available at the time of booking. Your holiday contract will
be bound by the tour operators terms and conditions.
Prices are shown for a basic room or unit, can be subject to change and are indicative
until time of booking. Please call on 020 8544 7114 for prices for other travel
and room options for this property.
The price shown includes 7 nights accommodation,
on an accommodation only basis.
Prices shown are per person per week based on maximum occupancy. Descriptions and
quality ratings are provided by the Tour Operator (or one of the Tour Operators
where similar holidays are offered by more than one supplier). We reserve the right
to make minor adjustments to the description or rating based on staff and customer
feedback. For payments by credit card, a 2.5% credit card charge (4% for AMEX) will
be added to your invoice. If you pay by a UK issued debit card, there is no charge.
All bookings are subject to a £5 per person Passenger Admin Fee charged by Iglu.com.


text:
Description: SureStore DLT 80i - Internal DLT8000 40/80GB LVD/SE SCSI Tape Drive. Option Part# C5725A
Overview:The latest addition to the HP SureStore DLT range delivers 80 GB on a single tape to stay ahead of the backup and restore requirements of enterprise managers facing increasing capacity demand and a shrinking window. Compatibility with all top selling server brands is tested and assured.??As well as its additional capacity the HP SureStore DLT 80 benefits from advances in reliability and flexible LVDS connectivity. TapeAlert continuously monitors the drive and media and warns you of any potential backup problems thereby helping to maintain the integrity of data throughout the backup process. The HP SureStore DLT 80 is compatible with leading operating systems and software platforms.
Part NumberC5725A
Products ID12609
Tape TypeDLT
Native Capacity40GB
Interface TypeSCSI
Enclosure TypeInternal
Native Data Transfer Rate6Mbps
Compressed Capacity80GB
Data Transfer Rate - Compressed12Mbps
Form Factor5.25" x 1H
Dimensions (HxWxD)3.39 in x 5.83 in x 9.61 in


text:
Mode of action assay-Dose response assay for compounds that activate KCNQ2 potassium channels on automated patch clamp
Name: Mode of action assay-Dose response assay for compounds that activate KCNQ2 potassium channels on automated patch clamp ..more
BioActive Compounds: 5
Related Experiments
Data Source: Johns Hopkins Ion Channel Center (KCNQ2_Act_5_CRC_IWS)
BioAssay Type: Confirmatory, Concentration-Response Relationship Observed
Name: Mode of action assay-Dose response assay for compounds that activate KCNQ2 potassium channels on automated patch clamp
Source (MLPCN Center Name): Johns Hopkins Ion Channel Center (JHICC)
Center Affiliation: Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine
Screening Center PI: Min Li, Ph.D.
Assay Provider: Min Li, Ph.D.
Network: Molecular Libraries Probe Production Centers Network (MLPCN)
Grant Proposal Number: 1 R03 DA027716-01
Grant Proposal PI: Min Li, Ph.D., Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
Assay Implementation: Haibo Yu Ph.D., Kaiping Xu M.S., Shunyou Long M.S., Meng Wu Ph.D., David Meyers Ph.D., Owen Mcmanus Ph.D.
Voltage-gated potassium (K) channels are critical for neuronal function in excitable tissues such as brain and heart. They are also found in non-excitable tissues important for other functions such as hormone secretion, oxygen-sensing and immune responses. There are more than 100 genes in human genome encoding different but homologous potassium channels. Isolation and characterization of bioactive chemical probes could form important pharmacological foundation, providing a great deal of insights into the structure and function.
The M-type channels are unique voltage-gated and ligand-regulated K+ channels with their distinct physiological and pharmacological characteristics. They are activated at a voltage near the threshold for action potential initiation and regulate membrane excitability. The KCNQ (or also called Kv7), members of Kv channel superfamily, includes five members, KCNQ1 to KCNQ5. Among them homodimer and/or heterodimer of KCNQ2 and KCNQ3 are believed components of the M-channel. The modulators of KCNQ2 are playing an important role in the neuronal function regulation. As the therapeutic targets, the KCNQ2 openers have great potential used to treat epilepsy, pain and anxiety et al.
Principle of the assay
Patch clamp is gold standard to measure channel activities. The purpose of the assay is to validate the compounds identified as active in the primary screen (PubChem AID: 2239) and examine the potentiation effects on the KCNQ2 potassium channel. This assay employs automated patch clamp (Ionworks Quattro) to investigate the current response of KCNQ2-CHO elicited by voltage clamp protocols in the presence or absence of test compounds. Compounds were tested in quadruplicates at varying concentrations.
KCNQ2,agonist, activator, potentiator, IonWorks, Automated patch clamp, Concentration Response Curve, JHICC, Johns Hopkins, Molecular Libraries Probe Production Centers Network, MLPCN.
Protocol for automated patch clamp on KCNQ2-CHO cells with voltage clamp
1.Cell culture: Cells are routinely cultured in DMEM/F12 medium, supplemented with 10% Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS), 50 IU/ml penicillin, 50 ug/ml streptomycin, and 500 ug/ml G418 by using 150mm dishes.
2.Split cells once they reach 80% to 90% confluence
2.1.Aspirate medium from culture, add 10 mL of PBS (without Ca2+ and Mg2+) to wash the cell monolayer.
2.2.Aspirate the PBS.
2.3.Add 5 mL of 0.05% Trypsin to the 150mm dish, leave dish undisturbed for 3~5 min at 37 to trypsinize the cells.
2.4.Add 20 mL of growth medium to neutralize the digestion of Trypsin.
2.5.Transfer cell suspension to 50 mL falcon tube and spin at 750 rpm for 4 min.
2.6.Remove supernatant and resuspend cells with 6 ml external solution, spin down at 450 rpm for 4 min.
2.7.Count the cells, adjust the cell density at 2x10;6 per ml.
3.Prepare 3x compound plates: test compounds are prepared using external solution;
4.Prepare Amphotericin B: dissolve 5 mg Amphotericin B with 180 uL DMSO, vortex for 1 min; transfer dissolved amphotericin B to 50 mL internal buffer, fill in the amphotericin B tube.
5.Fill the external solution in the buffer boat; fill the internal solution in the internal solution bottle.
6.Add the cells in the cell boat.
7.Load the protocol: The holding potential is -90 mV. To elicit the currents, cells were stimulated by 2,000 ms depolarizing step from -90 mV to -10 mV. Start the experiments.
8.Measure the currents at the steady state.
9.Calculate the percentage of current change for tested compounds with the following formula:
Percentage (%) =100* (Current (post-compound)-Current (pre-compound))/Current (pre-compound)
Percentage (%): Percentage of current potentiation observed after the application of the test compound.
Current (pre-compound): Current recorded before the test compound application
Current (post-compound): Current recorded after the test compound application
10.Outcome assignment
If the test compound causes potentiation effect on KCNQ2 in any concentrations tested and the dose response is generated, the compound is considered to be active.
If the test compound does not cause potentiation effect on KCNQ2 in any concentrations tested or a dose response is not generated, the compound is designated as inactive.
11.Score assignment
An inactive test compound is assigned the score of 0.
An active test compound is assigned the score of 100.
12.Internal buffer (40 mM KCl, 100 mM K-Gluconate,1 mM MgCl2, 2 mM CaCl2, 5 m HEPES, pH 7.25)
13.External buffer (137 mM NaCl, 4 mM KCl, 1.8 mM CaCl2, 1 mM MgCl2, and 10 mM HEPES and 10 mM Glucose, pH 7.4)
Possible artifacts of this assay may include, but are not limited to: unintended chemicals or dust in or under the wells of the microtiter plate, or compounds that quench or emit light or fluorescence within the well. All test compound concentrations reported are nominal; the specific concentration for a particular test compound may vary based upon the actual sample provided by the MLSMR.
Categorized Comment - additional comments and annotations
From PubChem:
Assay Cell Type: CHO
From ChEMBL:
Assay Type: Functional
Result Definitions
* Activity Concentration. ** Test Concentration.
Additional Information
Grant Number: 1 R03 DA027716-01
Data Table (Concise)


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Easton Flare
The Easton Flare's feature impact resistant polycarbonate lenses that offer 100% UV protection. Stylish glasses that have flexible frames, comfortable nose piece, and are lightweight.
Rated 5 out of 5 by 3 reviewers.
Rated 5 out of 5 by FGT Great Product, Great Price My son uses these sunglasses on the field regularly. His old sunglasses were simply too dark to enable him to see the ball properly - particularly at dusk. He thinks these sunglasses are awesome. Very comfortable. They protect his eyes from glare and offer a bright, clear view. Best deal gong on sunglasses for baseball! March 2, 2013
Rated 5 out of 5 by Dawn Awesome My son loves these! They work great in the sun for seeing the ball. February 27, 2013
Rated 5 out of 5 by TaylorC Easton Flare - I want a pair I feel as if they are very helpful to play a morning or afternoon game. They are very nice and comfortable fitting on your face as well. February 15, 2013
1-3 of 3


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Series: Evolution and the Origin of Biological Information (7 entries)
Dennis Venema begins this series by summarizing a key Intelligent Design belief: that if we see specified information, we infer design because we are unaware of a mechanism that can bring about specified information in the absence of intelligence. In each subsequent part of the series, Venema shows why this argument is wrong. Venema presents evidence to show that natural mechanisms can, in fact, explain the origin of new information. He reminds his readers, however, that this does not in any manner exclude God from the process.


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2012 Select World
by Allison GraysonThe American Quarter Horse Journal
Karen Johnson is no stranger to the Adequan Select World arena. In fact, this isn't even her first win in the 2-year-old gelding class in Amarillo.
"I've been showing since I was a kid, (but) I haven't been showing Quarter Horses for a lot of years," said the Skanee, Michigan, horsewoman. "I've been coming to the Select for four years."
In 2010, Karen took her other gelding, Ima Exception, to a Select world champion title. And she's excited to have won again.
"It's the 10-year reunion (of the Select) … so this is great!" she said.
Karen bought her new winner, Kiddin The Joker, in the spring. Since then, "Dallas" has "won every time (we've) walked in the pen just about," she said.
"I bought him … from Ramona Caldwell and he's been with (AQHA Professional Horseman) Randy Jacobs since we bought him," she said. "He was world champion palomino gelding and reserve world champion in July."
"He's just a really nice horse," Karen said of Dallas. "And he's a sweetheart."
The palomino gelding, bred by Stacey Sample of Godley, Texas, is by Im Kiddin and out of the Page Impressive mare Shes An Elegant Lady.
Although there was a lot on the line, Karen and Dallas didn't really do anything out of the ordinary to prepare for the class.
"I just didn't eat," she said with a laugh.
Karen wanted to thank Ramona Caldwell for selling Dallas to her, Randy Jacobs for getting him ready, as well as Randy's family for helping the duo make it to the win.
Karen Johnson of Skanee, Michigan, and Kiddin The Joker won the 2-year-old geldings world championship at the 2012 Adequan Select World.


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Romain Grosjean is determined to achieve his maiden race victory especially after watching his team-mate take the chequered flag...
Romain Grosjean is determined to achieve his maiden race victory especially after watching his team-mate take the chequered flag.
While Grosjean could only manage a distant tenth place in Sunday's season-opening Australian Grand Prix, Raikkonen raced to his E21 to the victory.
It was an impressive start for Lotus' Finnish driver with Grosjean eager to follow in his footsteps this weekend in Malaysia.
"Clearly Kimi's car worked very well in Australia and the fact that mine felt good at times over the weekend gives us a clear target for where we want to get the setup and a guide of what the car is capable of," he said.
"I want to be scoring 25 points in a grand prix for the team.
"I'm working closely with my engineers to understand exactly what is required to ensure the E21 is at its best for me. Knowing that we're very close to getting the car where I want it is certainly promising."
The Frenchman is adamant he won't be held back by last Sunday's disappointment, saying he is "ready to deliver" for Lotus.
"Of course, you want to be able to use everything you've learnt, but you always approach a race wanting to do your best and you don't let a result which wasn't as good as you wanted get in the way of that.
"I'm having a very short break between Australia and Malaysia to let me recharge my batteries so that I'll arrive in Sepang fresh and ready to deliver my best on track."


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The hero of John Kennedy Toole's incomparable, Pulitzer Prize-winning comic classic is one Ignatius J. Reilly, "huge, obese, fractious, fastidious, a latter-day Gargantua, a Don Quixote of the French Quarter". His story bursts with wholly original characters, denizens of New Orleans' lower depths, incredibly true-to-life dialogue, and the zaniest series of high and low comic adventures.
©1980 Thelma D. Toole; (P)1997 Blackstone Audiobooks
"Barrett Whitener strikes just the right note." (AudioFile)
"A Confederacy of Dunces has been reviewed almost everywhere, and every reviewer has loved it. For once, everyone is right." (Rolling Stone)
"What a delight, what a roaring, rollicking, footstomping wonder this book is! I laughed until my sides ached, and then I laughed on." (Chicago Sun-Times)
"Well Done"
This is one of those special books, a book rejected by dozens of publishers, a book that led its author to suicide, a book that might bring you to tears (of joy) in the end. It is a character study of an almost middle aged man, still living with his mother, who's just about ready to get a job in an elaborately quirky 1970's New Orleans, told with all the sophistication an over-educated author could muster. It's a really funny piece of fiction that just so happens to be intertwined with real life tragedy.
There are several different versions of this spoken book. None of them compares to the Barrett Whitener reading. Whitener interprets the sounds of the literal dialects seemingly with ease. And this makes the book a million times more enjoyable to listen to. Audible has taken some time to offer this particular reading on its website, several years in fact. But the quality of this recording makes the wait worth while.
My first reaction to this book was that I did not like it. The characters were unlovable and hard to get to know, and the narrator's style of reading somewhat annoyed me.
But that was only in the beginning.
About half an hour into the book I began to love each character's multiple flaws. From one catastrophe to the next, I grew to love everything about the characters and the precarious situations in which they were always a part. The narrator's voice also began to grow on me, as I relized that his voice, tone, and inflection were perfect for the development of the characters.
From Ignatius' "Oh my GOD!" to Jones' "Whoa!" to Ignatius' Mother's "He doesn't love me...", this fantastic tragicomedy is sure to get your attention and keep it.
Overall, I loved this book. If you aren't thrilled with it in the beginning, don't worry. Give it a chance and Mr. Toole's masterpiece will prove itself.
I will definitely be listening to this book again and again.
"Funniest book ever, if you like satire."
Reading the reviews, it's obvious that not everyone gets satire. That's not a measure of intelligence, it's just like rolling your Rs--some people can, and some people can't.
This is satire. It's not funny like Jim Carey or Robin Williams or Howard Stern. It's funny like Stephen Colbert (without the political bent). You have to implicitly grasp that the characters, even the narrative, are saying one thing while meaning another.
The story is about a series of characters in New Orleans in the 60s, who are all affected by the main character, Ignatius J Reilly, and his ridiculous delusional arrogance. There seems to be little point or direction through most of the novel. Few if any of the characters are constantly endearing, and you find yourself wondering if they are aggressors, or victims, or ultimately whether there is any such thing as either. But down to the last line, the story has heart and meaning.
Throughout the main narrative you are constantly aware of minor themes accompanying the main story, some in rhythm, some following their own beat, but all connected. You will read one scene and understand, without the author mentioning it, how that scene affects everything else. It's a breathtaking example of novel writing.
And the narrator is perfect. He catches every nuance.
If you are looking for slapstick or straightforward humor, this book won't be for you. If you love satire, this is one of the best examples you'll find.
"A Great Original"
It is interesting to look at the earlier reviews – I don't know that I've ever seen so many 1-star and 5-star ratings attached to the same book. That seems to mean that "Confederacy of Dunces" is either going to grab you or repulse you.
After reading the book with great enjoyment, I was skeptical about listening to it: the characters all have a distinct voice in my mind, and I thought it would be hard for a narrator to pull it off well. I was very pleased with this rendition. I am a native Midwesterner and know very little about New Orleans. Those who are familiar with it in these reviews seem to have differing opinions about the accuracy of the accents, but from an outside perspective, the variety of voices and dialects and the nuances needed to bring out the characters' personalities were all handled beautifully.
I think the comparison between Ignatius and Don Quixote is a good one – they are both creations of genius with no real antecedents, insane by most standards, but profoundly poignant representations of the people many of us are afraid we may be – people who don't quite fit into the world we live in. Maybe it is those who feel like we are floating along in a ship of fools (or a confederacy of dunces) who appreciate the book more.
"Cringeworthy narration, Brilliant story."
I've always loved this story, but the narration had me pulling my hair out after the first twenty minutes. The jokes are timed clumsily, the accents are awkward, and the pacing is off. Like Ignatius himself, this book rolls along with its own peculiar momentum, but this narration trips up at every turn. I waited a long time for this to appear on Audible; now that it has, I'm very disappointed. Please, please, powers that be, bring this wonderful book around again on Fortune's wheel and give it a new narration the second time around!
"Worth the wait"
I first read this book in paperback 20 years ago and couldn't wait for the unabridged version to come to Audible.
I had forgotten many details of the story, but I knew that the key to enjoying this book would be in the narration. This book is such a swirling stew of outrageous characters, no mere mortal could attempt to commit it to the spoken word.
Barrett Whitener was up to the challenge.
As a son of the South, I have a keen ear for Northern or Midwestern interlopers who attempt the patterns of Southern speech. Adding to my suspicion was the unique brogue of New Orleans required to authentically portray these characters.
Mr. Whitener started slowly. His portrayal of the complex, bombastic Ignatius J. Reilly was sputtering and stilted in the first two chapters. But then he began to find his stride with Ignatius and soon began adding extra flavor to the many quirky, hillarious characters that make this book what it always has been - an American original.
"Excellent editon takes audio books to new art form"
Partner one of the best books, comedic or otherwise, ever written with stellar narration and you have the most entertaining audiobooks I have ever heard. The book has always been one of my favorites; this is the fourth time I have read it. This audio edition rivals my first reading due to the engaging reading. Pure joy!
"Outstanding every possible way."
It's probably one of the top "listens" you'll find. The language, characters, pace of the writing could very well make you want to read the book after you listen to it. It's pure genius. The narrator deserves an industry award for his performance. What can make this experience even better is finding someone else who has listened to the book so you can compare notes.
Indiscriminate Reader
"Not everyone has the right sense of humor for this"
I got it. I got the humor, I got what the author was trying to say. I just didn't like it. I appreciate the writing and the cleverness that made this a Pulitzer Prize winner. I'm giving it three stars because I recognize that it's well-written and would appeal to those with a taste for picaresque characters in farcical situations, and truthfully, there were a few parts that made me laugh. But being primarily a reader of genre fiction, a book like this with no real plot and no character growth just doesn't appeal to me. For literary fiction, A Confederacy of Dunces has the virtue of being unpretentious -- it's designed to entertain you, not move you or make you think Deep Thoughts. But it didn't hit my funny-bone enough to overcome my loathing for the characters.
That said, I listened to the audio version narrated by Barrett Whitener, and I highly recommend it. I can't imagine a more perfect audio portrayal of Ignatius, and he did a wonderful job with all the other characters as well. Honestly, I think the book would have been a lot less funny without his narration.
I was facinated by this audio book - hating to turn off my MP3 player each morning and go to work. Each night on the commuter train ride back home, I was transported to the New Orleans of my youth. At times, laugh out load funny, but always utterly riveting.
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Kiss My Face Shimmer -- Topaz
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Yamaha Tabletop Sound System
Versatile, Powerful, Stylish -- Yamaha Tabletop Sound System!
With its convenient size, solid steel panels, and user-friendly controls, the Tabletop Sound System enhances any home or office, fitting handsomely on furniture or shelves.
The speakers can either be placed adjacent to the main unit or can be moved apart, enabling more flexible arrangements. Music comes from a lot of places – the Tabletop Sound System puts it all at your fingertips. Dock your iPod® or iPhone®, or connect to the front-panel USB port from an iPad® or USB device. It also has a slot-in type CD player and AM/FM radio, and offers an Auxiliary mini input, allowing you to connect a wide range of other sources.
Employing powerful 4-1/2" drivers in large-volume speaker cabinets, the Tabletop Sound System delivers exceptional acoustic performance from a compact system, with deep, robust bass and clear mids and highs. Digital docking ensures high-quality audio connectivity with iPod® and iPhone® devices, and Yamaha's Compressed Music Enhancer restores the performance of compressed audio files (e.g. MP3 files) to deliver sound that is more dynamic and has a greater feeling of expansiveness.
Yamaha's IntelliAlarm wakes you up gently by increasing music from your iPod® or iPhone® gradually over several minutes until the beep goes off. By installing the Yamaha DTA Controller App for your iPhone®/iPod touch®/iPad®, you can adjust the settings of the alarm simply and easily. The app will be periodically updated for additional functionality. Simple assembly is required. Included Accessories: owners manual, remote control, antenna. Materials: Steel and wood.
*System requirements; iOS4.3 or higher.
Dimensions: 20"L x 17"W x 5"H; 13.5 lbs.
Yamaha Tabletop Sound System
Yamaha Tabletop Sound System
Our innovative products will provide you and your family with years of enjoyment. And with the Brookstone Protection Plus service and replacement plans, you'll have the added peace of mind knowing that if the unexpected does happen, we will simply repair or replace your covered product. Our enhanced coverage goes above and beyond the manufacturer's warranty, saving you time and money.
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text: Front Photos (2) Video View larger JL Audio CS212RG-W3v3-2 Sealed PowerWedge hatchback-style enclosure with two 12" W3v3 subwoofers Item #: 136S212R33 8 Reviews This item is no longer available. Original Price: $699.99 Shop all Enclosures Need help? 1.888.955.6000 Email Chat Ask an expert advisor No pressure, no commission — just lots of good advice from our highly trained staff. Overview Reviews Details Accessories Articles & Videos by Dominic Devito Optimum performance that won't quit JL Audio's PowerWedge enclosed subwoofer systems deliver thunderous bass without needing a lot of power. Each enclosure is designed from the ground up to get optimum performance from its drivers, so you get much more than just a box with a speaker inside. Finished by hand for superior construction and sound JL Audio uses state-of-the-art automated woodworking equipment to fabricate high-quality MDF enclosures with rugged automotive carpeting, steel-mesh grilles, 5-way binding posts, and solid internal wiring. The enclosures are finished and inspected by hand at the manufacturing facility in Florida to ensure that you get the bass that you expect from JL Audio. Accurate bass firepower The CS212RG-W3v3-2 Sealed PowerWedge handles up to 1,000 watts RMS, housing a pair of high-performance 12" W3v3 subwoofers that pound out righteous low end. Each sub sits in its own individual chamber while the enclosure offers a single wiring terminal. The airtight sealed design allows the subs to deliver powerful, accurate bass without hogging up all your storage space. You'll hear more punch and impact from all of your music with this capable enclosure in your trunk or cargo area. Product Highlights:sealed hatchback-style enclosure with two 12" W3v3 subwoofers5/8" medium density fiberboard construction covered with gray carpetsteel-mesh grilles2-ohm overall impedancepower handling: 200-1,000 watts RMS (2,000 watts peak power)frequency response: 22-200 Hzsensitivity: 87 dB32-1/8"W x 14-11/16"H x 14-1/2"D1 x 9-7/16"D2warranty: 2 yearsOur 60-day money-back guarantee Enclosed Subwoofers 101 An enclosed subwoofer is a box with a subwoofer already installed. The advantage to buying an enclosed sub is that the manufacturer made the sub, then designed and built the box as a perfect match, so you'll get the best possible performance. Every enclosed sub has a maximum RMS power handling rating, so pair it with an amp with a similar RMS power rating to get the best performance. JL Audio CS212RG-W3v3-2 Reviews Average Customer Review: 8 reviews Review this product Submit a review and then enter to win a $350 rewards card Filter by rating: 5 Star: (0) 4 Star: (0) 3 Star: (0) 2 Star: (0) 1 Star: (0) Review this product: Thanks for taking the time to share your experiences about this product. Please be sure to focus your comments on the product itself. Read our Review Guidelines for more information. Review title * Email Your email won't be visible. Please use the email address that is associated with your order. Display name (e.g., JohnD) Your review will be signed using the display name and location * Your location (e.g., Charlottesville, VA) * Your rating Click on a star to rate the overall product on a scale of 1-5 Rate the following specific attributes Value Sound Quality Ease of Use "Coolness Factor" Build Quality 1500 characters left * Your review Attach a YouTube Review Crutchfield Video Review Guidelines Only submit videos that you made or are authorized to use. Do not submit videos that contain music, video or visuals that are copyrighted and belong to someone else. Please see our Review Guidelines for more information. Enter the URL of your YouTube™ video review or product demonstration. e.g., "http://www.youtube.com/v/o79TWHh598U" 500 characters left Pros 500 characters left Cons * Agree to Terms By checking this box you agree your review becomes the property of Crutchfield, that you are over 18 years of age, that you own or have owned this product, and that you are located within the United States or its territories. Please see our Review Guidelines for more information. We reserve the right (but are not obligated to) review all submissions and edit or remove any review in any manner which we deem necessary. Your review should be posted within seven days. jl audio Written By scott, OK on Friday, March 14, 2014 Crutchfield Customer Review (What's this?) "Coolness Factor" Build Quality Ease of Use Sound Quality Value Upgraded to this jl audio dual 12 box from a pair of comp vr12s. These cost twice as much but are 5× the sub. The comps would just simply not play those low bass notes. The 12w3s will make your ears hurt while playing those notes. All around best sub for the money period. Was this review helpful? Yes No JL Audio CS212RG-W3v3-2 Written By Brant, Seattle, Wa on Wednesday, February 26, 2014 Crutchfield Customer Review (What's this?) "Coolness Factor" Build Quality Ease of Use Sound Quality Value Fantastic product with awesome bass for an amazingly economical price. I've had much more expensive subs but these produce a much better quality bass. I have these hooked up to my Alpine PDX M-12 and it hits hard. Was this review helpful? Yes No Wow Written By kyle k, Pasadena, MD on Tuesday, July 17, 2012 Crutchfield Customer Review (What's this?) "Coolness Factor" Build Quality Ease of Use Sound Quality Value Bought these for my 06 ford mustang with a Rockford Fosgate T1000 and all i can say is wow. These subs with the proper power will have your neighbors listening to your music because they have to not because they want too. Recommend these subs to any BASS head out there and recommend the T1000 if you really want them to pound. Pros: compact, loud, clean, accurate. Cons: None so far 1 out of 1 people found this helpful Was this review helpful? Yes No Love them Written By LJK, Fairfax, VA on Friday, July 06, 2012 Crutchfield Customer Review (What's this?) "Coolness Factor" Build Quality Ease of Use Sound Quality Value Honestly, I knew (and still know) very little about car audio other than I had just blown my 2 Rockford Fosgate Punches and I wanted something more reliable and figured if I was going to be spending more I wanted to get the best deal for the dollar. I only have the Punches to compare against considering my neighborhood is not one that appreciates high volume per se, and I don't know anyone with a quality sound system. In my experience, the JL's have a much more even quality in the range of the bass frequency I have them set to, whereas the Rockfords would hit some frequencies really well and then just completely distort with others in the same song which would drive me insane. Even at max volume, the JL's sound as clean as I think would be capable without spending over a couple grand. I listen to a lot of house music and heavy metal, and both sound equally awesome and powerful with the JL's. I also must add I'm only running them on half their capacity because I haven't been able to afford an amp yet to give them their full power - so even for half power to sound this awesome I am very pleased. I love that I can no longer rely on my rearview mirror because it keeps vibrating itself off the windshield; and that my parents can hear me coming a good 5 minutes before I get home (displeases them and makes me giggle like a little schoolgirl). 1 out of 2 people found this helpful Was this review helpful? Yes No Substantial Written By Adam, Chapel Hill, NC on Friday, July 03, 2009 Crutchfield Customer Review (What's this?) I bought these with the first audio system I had ever installed. I have an 06 Ford Mustang and these fit perfectly on the ledge in the back and I kept my trunk space. These things will vibrate the daylights out of your car at medium frequencies, but they lack at power in the low notes. They start distorting at much lower volumes than I ever expected on the low notes. I am going to try putting these in a larger ported enclosure to see if that helps a bunch. My advice to anyone buying, if you want SQ with the option of rattling your car, these are great. If I was going for a just SQ build now, I would definitely put only one small subwoofer in. But personally I have discovered I am a basshead and if you have been watching videos on the internet of flexing cars and people not being able to stand the bass and want to be like that, this is not for you. I would suggest buying something more powerful and building your own custom enclosure. 6 out of 10 people found this helpful Was this review helpful? Yes No (2) 12w3v3-8 Written By Lucas, Fort Drum, NY on Wednesday, June 17, 2009 Had two of them installed in a generic dual sub sealed box. I upgraded from two 12w1v2 and was very impressed with the sound quality as expected. Wired @ 4 ohms from a 500/1v2 they never failed me until my golf clubs shifted into the excusion path and fried one of them. I returned them under warranty and received a new sub at no cost. I recommend the tight mesh grills (not included) if you intend on having any loose items that may come in contact with the subs. BMW 3 series without folding seats or ski-pass 2 out of 4 people found this helpful Was this review helpful? Yes No JL: deep, hard hitting BASS! Written By roberto08, Salinas, Ca on Sunday, October 19, 2008 Crutchfield Customer Review (What's this?) wow. Very impressive. When I first took it out of the box I was a little let down by the size of the box. Previously, I had a "classic" rectangular sealed box and it sounded loud and was bigger than this one, but the reason I decided to go with this one is, because I figured a box by JL would sound much better. By the size of it at first I figured it wouldn't be any better, but i was wrong! The JL's hit very hard with deep bass. I have yet to play it at full volume, because I am still breaking in the subs, but wow, this thing is loud! Very impressed, I wouldn't go with anything, but JL audio. 4 out of 4 people found this helpful Was this review helpful? Yes No JL Audio CS212RG-W3v3-2 Written By xpresskyle, Birmingham,Alabama on Friday, October 17, 2008 I'm using a JL Audio A1400 amp at 500w RMS to these speakers. They sound great! I went around and around trying to decide which direction I would go in respect to subwoofers, I'm glad I chose this setup. Extremely clean, tight bass, I listen to old school heavy metal and country, the double bass is spot on with these. Throwing in some rap and turning the subwoofer level to 15 on my Alpine 9886 doesn't phase these woofers. They handle everything I throw at them and sound incredible doing it. Would buy again for sure. 8 out of 8 people found this helpful Was this review helpful? Yes No Hands-on research Features and specs chart | What's in the box? | In-depth notes What's in the box? Download owner's manual Sealed hatcback enclosure with two mounted 4-ohm 12" woofers Warranty Information sheet Features and Specs General Woofer Size (inches) 12 x 2 Woofer Material Mineral-fill poly Enclosure Type Sealed Color Gray Pieces in System 1 Width (inches) 32-1/8 Height (inches) 14-11/16 Depth (inches) 14-1/2 Second Depth (inches) 9-7/16 Connector Type 5-Way post Frequency Response 22-200 Hz Power Range (Watts RMS) 200-1000 Maximum Wattage 2000 Sensitivity 87 dB Impedance 2 ohms Parts Warranty 2 Years Labor Warranty 2 Years Product Research Features Overview: This JL Audio PowerWedge subwoofer enclosure is designed around JL Audio's W3v3 subwoofer, delivering tight, powerful bass with enhanced power handling capabilities. The PowerWedge enclosure is properly sized and tuned for the mounted dual 12" JL Audio W3v3 woofers and wired for a 2-ohm load. PowerWedge Enclosure: The PowerWedge enclosure features solid V-groove MDF construction with internal bracing to ensure structural integrity. The subwoofer enclosure features an angled back design to help save space in the cargo area of your vehicle. The W3v3 PowerWedge enclosure is finished in high-grade automotive gray carpet and features two steel-mesh grilles to protect the two loaded JL Audio W3v3 woofers. The JL Audio PowerWedge enclosure features a pair of gold-plated 5-way binding posts on the left side of the box. The 4-ohm woofers are wired in parallel inside the box to provide a 2-ohm load at its speaker terminals. The JL Audio subwoofer enclosure has a installation depth of 15.875". 12" W3v3 Woofer: The JL Audio PowerWedge subwoofer enclosure features two mounted, front-firing 4-ohm 12" JL Audio W3v3-series woofers wired in parallel for a 2-ohm impedance load at the enclosure's speaker terminals: Dynamic Motor Analysis (DMA): DMA is JL Audio's proprietary method aimed at improving dynamic motor behavior. As a result of DMA optimization, W3v3 motors remain linear in motor force over a very long range of excursion, and also maintain a highly stable fixed magnetic field in the gap over a wide power range. The result is vastly reduced distortion, faithfully reproduced transients, and tight, clean, articulate bass. Floating Cone Attachment Method (FCAM): JL Audio's patented FCAM technology is an innovative method of bonding the surround/cone assembly to the voice coil/spider assembly. This assembly technique ensures proper surround geometry in the assembled speaker for better excursion control and dynamic voice coil alignment. Vented Reinforcement Collar (VRC): The Vented Reinforcement Collar is a composite structure that addresses two issues related to reliability. By reinforcing the critical junction between the cone, voice coil and spider, the VRC greatly reduces failures due to glue breakdown or material weaknesses. It does this by greatly increasing adhesive contact area and providing stress relief to the spider material at excursion extremes. the VRC also feature slots that facilitate air flow directly onto the voice coil windings to reduce thermal compression effects and enhances reliability. Spider/Lead Wire Assembly: The W3v3 features a unique spider, coil and terminal subassembly which is assembled prior to installation in the speaker frame for optimum alignment and glue-joint integrity. The spider is insert-molded into a composite carrier tray which also incorporates the terminal assembly and lead wire strain relief features for enhanced reliability and optimal alignment of parts. The flying lead wires are carefully controlled and strain-relieved without resorting to woven-in lead wires, which can degrade spider performance. Elevated Frame Cooling: The elevated frame design of the W3v3 delivers high-velocity air flow through slots directly above the top plate to the voice coil of the speaker. This not only enhances power handling, but also sound quality by minimizing dynamic parameter shifts and power compression. Surround Stress Relief: By creating a radiused feature on the edge of the cone, stress is relieved from the surround material at maximum forward excursion, resulting in longer life and more consistent surround behavior. Our Product Research Team At Crutchfield, you'll get detailed, accurate information that's hard to find elsewhere. That's because we have our own in-house Product Research team. They verify what's in the box, check the owner's manual, and record dimensions, features and specs. We stay on top of new products and technologies to help people make informed choices. Sorry, the JL Audio CS212RG-W3v3-2 is no longer available. Looking for a similar item? Shop all Enclosures Or, you can still... Write a review Purchase accessories for this product Download the product manual Search the website Go


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Artisan design and classy details will make this Cole Haan Air Madison Cap Oxford your go to for nicer occasions. It is made of soft leather upper and it features lace up closure with blind eyelets.
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Cellular Neurobiology Laboratory
Fear can be protective but can also become pathological. The Cellular Neurobiology Laboratory has provided breakthrough insights into the fear mechanisms of the brain—discoveries that raise hope for treating post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), anxiety disorder, and other persistent, debilitating conditions.
We study how innate fear and learned fear manifest and interact at the level of individual brain cells and circuits in animal models. Our clinical collaborations help translate our scientific discoveries into clinical practice.
The Formation and Persistence of Traumatic Memories
We provided one of the first mechanistic explanations of how long-term fear memory is encoded and retained. This work holds promise for new drug treatments for PTSD, either soon after the initial trauma or after a re-triggering of fear memory.
Treating Anxiety Through Regulating Gene Expression
Our researchers identified genes controlling production of proteins involved in innate and learned fear. This knowledge could potentially be used for new treatments for anxiety-related disorders in humans.
The Cellular Neurobiology Laboratory was founded in 1999.


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Starting 2010:
Moderator: ADGO BOD
12StonesScott wrote:The current official's exam is easy enough that it'd be tough to fail, even if it weren't open book. It's a pretty low bar, but better than nothing, I guess.
grease wrote:I failed the TD test and bought Matt Gillis a twack of Bud and he passed me.
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During a heated Creston city council meeting Tuesday, the fate of a dog was decided.
Buddy, a lab mix, pictured right, was adopted from the city pound by Eddie Davis of Cromwell on Oct. 20, but returned eight days later after the dog allegedly bit Davis' 12-year-old daughter in the face.
Because of the incident, city council voted Tuesday to place the dog up for adoption and the new owner must live outside Creston city limits.
"He's a nice dog," said Councilman Loyal Winborn. "I want to give people a chance to redeem themselves, but I don't want to assume liability for the city and be sued."
In a phone interview, Davis described the attack.
"My daughter was lying on one side of the love seat and Buddy was lying on the other side," said Davis. "My daughter sat up to pet him and that's when the dog just bit her."
However, Mycale Downing, director of Creston Animal Rescue Effort, does not see Buddy as a dangerous dog.
Downing showed a video to council members and described the video for the attendees in an attempt to prove Buddy is not a dangerous dog.
"The video is demonstrating some of the things that a person can do to a dog that could provoke him to bite," said Downing, "As you can see, the entire time interacting with him, his tail is wagging. He is relaxed. There's one short moment where I grabbed his ear and he winced. Otherwise, I blew in his face, I lifted his lips, I pinched his feet, I patted him really hard. Toward the end I stole the food out of his dish while he was eating."
Downing claimed Buddy is a kind, loving dog. While she acknowledged that Buddy did bite the child, she does not believe Buddy to be a threat or dangerous.
"Common sense says that you never ever put your face near a dogs face," said Downing. "I just feel that something happened that day that this girl somehow provoked, in dog's world...I don't know because they won't call me back."
"And keep in mind, these girls have only been around this dog for 12 hours," said Downing.
Mayor Warren Woods brought attention to the fact the dog did bite the child.
A police dispatch report from Oct. 27 was presented as evidence of the dog bite.
"And does it say how severely? Does it say I had to have stitches?" asked Downing.
"It doesn't make a difference," said Woods.
"It makes a huge difference," said Downing, "Because your ordinance describes a dangerous dog as one that attacks unprovoked."
At-large council woman Nancy Loudon pointed out the liability the city would face and the possible lawsuit for unknown damages if the city knowingly allowed the dog to be adapted to a new home and bit another person.
"I understand all that, but that is why I am here," said Downing. "Because I don't believe this dog will just randomly bite somebody."
Buddy, formerly known as 'Drift' by his original owners Eddie and Maria Medina, escaped from home and was picked up by Creston city pound on Aug. 22. The animal was claimed by the Medina family only to escape less than two months later. It was after his second escape the city pound adopted Buddy out to Davis.
"I have three young children and Drift (Buddy) has never harmed my children," said Maria Medina, during a phone interview.
Medina was out of state visiting relatives when her dog escaped. Her husband, managing the day to day of work and caring for their three young children did not attempt to search for the dog.
"My husband said, 'I just figured he'd come back.' Buddy would always go outside and come back," said Medina. "I figured that was the case."
The fees prevented the Medina's from reclaiming their dog.
"I thought, certainly it's going to be a lot more expensive than the first time," said Medina. "'If I come back to claim him, I won't be able to afford it even if I am able to try."
After listening to Downing's plea, Councilwoman Marsha Wilson made the motion to allow Buddy to go back to his original family and allow Mycale to help buddy get neutered.
"The dog catcher says the dog is not dangerous, Mycale says the dog is not dangerous," said Wilson. "We have had dangerous dogs up here. Buddy is not a dangerous dog."
Davis stated that he did not return any calls from Downing because he trusted the city would make the right decision as to what to do with the dog.
"I just had to do what any parent would do," explained Davis. "The dog bit my daughter and I can't have that."
"Do I think he deserves to die?" asked Davis. "Yes, yes I do.
Davis said that while he does not think Buddy is an aggressive dog, he could not allow the dog to potentially harm another person and supports the council's decision.
After the ruling, it was understood by Downing that she had 72 hours to find a suitable home for Buddy outside the city limits or face the possibility of being euthanized.
In other city business the council:
• Approved request from Terian Inc. to place a six-foot tall chain link fence with three strands of barbed wire at 102 West Union Street.
• Scheduled a public hearing for 6 p.m. Dec. 16 for sale of real state located at 505 N. Elm St. to Kate Guiter for $68,000.
• Approved amendment #3 to real estate offer to extend closing to on or before Jan. 31 for 505 N. Elm St.
• Approved annual Urban Renewal report.
•Approved payment of $1,182.22 to Habitat for Humanity for the neighborhood stabilization project at 801 W. Jefferson St.
•Chief Paul Ver Meer announced a conditional offer to Brian Maitlen.
•Approved to authorize the Mayor to sign Certificate of Title for Creston Municipal Airport as required by the FAA.
•Approved the first reading of an ordinance amendment for provisions pertaining to adoption of the 2011 national electric code.
•Approved the first reading of an ordinance amendment for provisions pertaining to licensing of electrical contractors.
• Approved the first reading of an ordinance amendment for provisions pertaining to adoption of the 2012 international mechanical code and the 2012 uniform plumbing code.
•Approved the first reading of an ordinance amendment for provisions pertaining to licensing of plumbing and mechanical contractors.
•Approved the first reading of an ordinance amendment for provisions pertaining to adoption of the 2012 international building code and the 2012 international residential code.