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28 December 2009
Posted in Press and Media
Science Center Getting Full Replacement of A/C System By Spring 2010
Get ready to chill out because the Orlando Science Center is in the process of fully replacing our air conditioning system. As you may know, we have had our share of challenges over the years with the old system. We are grateful to the support of many friends and partners who have helped make this replacement possible, especially the City of Orlando, Orange County, the Orange County Arts & Cultural Affairs Advisory Council and Irvine Mechanical.
This new system will be completed and installed by Spring 2010 - just in time for summer. It will be more energy efficient and is the first step in our journey to becoming a "green" building. Other initiatives will include retrofitting the interior lighting, implementing a recycling program and installing solar panels on our roof (thanks to Orlando Utilities Commission, the Darden Restaurants Foundation/Darden Environmental Trust and Azur Solar).
These modifications will make the Science Center a working example of "green" technology in our community. Our operations will become a living exhibit that will help educate visitors about the real world applications and benefits of renewable energy and energy conservation. We'll be updating you frequently on this website as we make progress with the "Green Building Project" so please visit often for news. In the meantime, please know that the Science Center is working hard to be the "coolest" place in town...in more ways than one.

subset: commoncrawl


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997 St. Sebastian WayAugusta, GA 30912706-721-6597
1446 Harper StreetAugusta, GA 30912706-721-5437 (KIDS)
1003 Chafee Ave.Augusta, GA 30912 706-721-2426
1447 Harper StreetAugusta, GA 30912-5536706-721-CARE (2273)
1120 15th StreetAugusta, GA 30912706-721-2273 (CARE)
1411 Laney Walker Blvd.Augusta, GA 30912706-721-6744
1430 John Wesley Gilbert DriveAugusta, GA 30912706-721-2696
821 St. Sebastian WayAugusta, GA 30912706-721-2971
1220 West Wheeler PkwyAugusta, GA 30909
6135 Roosevelt Highway Warm Springs, GA 31830
2011 Westend DriveGreensboro, GA 30642
Family Medicine has been recognized as a Level III Patient Centered Medical Home by the National Committee for Quality Assurance (NCQA).
What is the National Committee for Quality Assurance (NCQA)?
The NCQA is a private organization dedicated to improving health care quality.
What is PCMH?
Patient Centered Medical Home is a health care setting that improves partnerships between patients and their personal physician(s), and when appropriate, the patient's family.
This concept includes:
Hours: Mon-Fri 7:30am-5:30pmMore contact info
Georgia Regents Medical Center 1120 15th Street Augusta, GA 30912-5563
Affiliated with Georgia Regents University


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View our gallery of the handcrafted bras designed by local artists for our BRA-VO for Breast Health Fashion Show.
Thompson Health is named a Great Place to work. The only upstate New York organization on the list, and one of only three in New York State.Read more >>
Registration: www.crosswindsonline.org/5k, Email firstname.lastname@example.com or Call Val & Pete Klingensmith (585) 697-492.
2015 Thompson Health Havana Nights GalaFriday, September 11, 2015 The Inn On The LakeBeneficiary: Thompson Health Cost: $200 per person. Online Registration: www.thompsonhealth.com/HavanaNights
Flu Shot ClinicsClick to find a clinic near you or a date that works for you.
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Choose the exceptional care available at the Thompson Health Medical Center in Farmington. Urgent Care, lab draw station, x-ray, rehabilitation and HealthWorks all conveniently located. Read more>>
Fralick Cardiac Rehabilitation and Fitness Center
Thompson Health's cardiac rehabilitation and pulmonary disease management patients have a wonderful facility to assist them in their journey back to optimum health. Read more>>
Room service offers patients a personalized experience
F.F. Thompson Hospital's Nutritional Services Department recently launched a new initiative - hotel-style room service for hospital inpatients. Read more>>
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Experience a more comfortable mammogram with MammoPad® breast cushions! Learn more>>
Compliment Your Caregiver
Thompson Health's star catcher program is a convenient way for you, our customer, to express appreciation for a job well done. Read more>>
A goods night's sleep isn't a dream.
80 to 90% of adults with sleep apnea remain undiagnosed. Take the first step today and share your symptoms with your doctor to determine if you are in need of a sleep study. Read more>>


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CLARION - The Elk County Catholic Crusaders advanced to the second round of the PIAA Class A Tournament with a 58-49 victory over the Serra Catholic Eagles last night at Clarion University's Waldo Tippin Gymnasium.
The Crusaders will meet Lincoln Park Charter on Tuesday night at a site and time to be announced by the PIAA. Lincoln Park defeated West Middlesex by a 70-35 score last night.
In last night's game, the Crusaders used an 8-2 run late in the third period and outscored the Eagles 21-13 in the fourth quarter to record their victory.
"Overall I thought we played a pretty good second half but our start was really good," said ECCHS coach Aaron Straub referring to Elk Catholic's 9-1 lead early in the contest.
"I thought we played a real solid fourth quarter," said Straub.
"Early on we were able to get some takes off their zone offensively," noted the coach. "We had a solid offensive performance tonight and they (the players) created stuff on their own."
"We were able to make the game manageable in the second half," said Straub.
"Serra put some good athletes on the floor," added coach Straub.
The Crusader offense was led by Darren Simons with 16 points on two twos, two threes and a four for five night from the foul line. Ricky Pearsall had 13 points on five field goals and a three for six night from the foul line. Tyler Herzing and Mitchel Haberberger each added nine points.
Serra Catholic had three players in double figures led by Daryan Robinson with 14 points on five field goals and a four for five night from the foul line. Matt Loftis had 12 points on three twos and two threes. Shawn Menzies had 10 points on four field goals and a two for three night from the foul line.
Neither team scored in the first two minutes of the contest until Elk's Josh Gebauer converted a three-point play giving Elk the 3-0 lead at the 5:50 mark. Herzing added a two 5-0. Robinson converted one of two foul shots, 5-1. Simons and Herzing hit field goals making it 9-1 with 4:17 left in the period. Kyle Taylor converted a foul shot, 9-2. Haberberger scored on a putback and Joe Jurofcik scored for Serra, 11-6. Haberberger and Loftis traded buckets, 13-8. Eric Wehler scored for Elk with Jurofcik answering for Serra, making the score 15-10 in favor of Elk Catholic after the first period of play.
Menzies scored on a putback to open the second period. Loftis hit a three, Robinson scored on a putback and Loftis added a field goal as Serra went up 19-15. Pearsall and Luke Daghir scored to knot the game at 19. Menzies and Haberberger traded buckets, 21-21. Menzies and Robinson hit field goals and Menzies added two foul shots as Serra led 27-21 with 52 seconds left in the first half. Haberberger scored to cut Serra's lead to 27-23 at the half.
Simons and Robinson opened the second half with field goals. Pearsall converted two of three foul shots cutting Serra's lead to 29-27. Robinson converted a three-point lead, 32-27. Pearsall cut it to 32-29 with 5:31 left. Robinson converted two foul shots, 34-29. Herzing hit a field goal at the four minute mark to start Elk's run. He added another field goal at the 2:01 mark to cut Serra's lead to one, 34-33. Pearsall gave ECC the 35-34 lead with 1:21 left in the period. He added a foul shot with 56 seconds left to give ECC the 36-34 lead. Menzies tied the game at 36. Herzing converted a foul shot with two seconds left giving ECC the 37-36 lead at the end of three quarters.
Pearsall scored off a steal to open the fourth quarter, 39-36. A three by Loftis tied the game at 39. Simons and Taylor traded threes. Simons hit a two, 44-42, then would hit a three, 47-42. Robinson and Herzing traded field goals. Taylor and Pearsall exchanged field goals, 51-46. Pearsall converted two foul shots, 53-46 with 1:29 left. Haberberger added a foul shot with 52 seconds remaining. Taylor hit a three with 36 seconds left to cut Elk's lead to 54-49. Gebauer and Simons would each sink two foul shots in the final seconds giving Elk the 58-49 win.
Game notes
The Crusaders are now 24-4 on the season.
They will play Lincoln Park Charter, the District 7 runner up Tuesday at a site and time to be announced.
Serrra Catholic outrebounded ECC 24-21. Robinson led Serra with 12 rebounds. Haberberger had five and Simons had four to lead ECC.
Serra Catholic 49
Matt Loftis 3-2-0-0-12, Kyle Taylor 1-2-1-4-9, Joe Jurofcik 2-0-0-0-4, Daryan Robinson 5-0-4-5-15, Shaun Menzies 4-0-2-3-10, John Wiater 0-0-0-0-0, Mark Matta 0-0-0-0-0, Max Kaminsky 0-0-0-0-0. Totals 15-4-7-12-49.
Ricky Pearsall 5-0-3-6-13, Tyler Herzing 4-0-1-4-9, Ben Crowe 0-0-0-0-0, Eric Wehler 1-0-0-0-2, Brandon Pollick 0-0-0-0-0, Kevin Kraus 0-0-0-0-0, Michael Jacob 0-0-0-0-0, Darren Simons 2-2-4-5-16, Mitchel Haberberger 4-0-1-2-9, Ben Daghir 0-0-0-0-0, Luke Daghir 2-0-0-0-4, Josh Gebauer 1-0-3-3-5. Totals 20-2-11-17-58.
Score by quarters
Serra 10 17 9 13 49
[1] http://www.smdailypress.com/sites/default/files/BB - LUKE FOR 2 CLR 3-12-11.jpg


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Sports Calendar: Monday, April 22, 2013
Kulpmont Football/Baseball Association
Meetings, first Wednesday of each month at 7:30 p.m.
Coal Runnings
Running club, meets at 5:30 p.m. each Monday at Shamokin Area's Kemp Memorial Stadium parking lot. Open to runners of all ages. More on Facebook at coalrunnings.
Special Olympic Swim Practice
Practices will run 6-8 p.m. at the Shamokin pool each Friday through the end of May. New athletes and volunteers are welcome. For more information, contact Arden Miller at 374-5369.
Alumni Football USA
AF-USA is organizing a full-contact alumni football game between Shamokin and Mount Carmel for late June or mid-July. The game is open to all alumni 18 years and older. Each team needs 30-plus players to get on the schedule. A $75 player fee applies. Alumni Football USA provides the gear. Register to play at Alumnifootballusa.com or call Michael Moschillo (724) 456-5951 for more information.
YMCA Golf Tournament
The Greater Susquehanna Valley YMCA is hosting the 22nd annual Truman H. Purdy Memorial Golf Tournament, Wednesday, May 8 at the Susquehanna Valley Country Club. There are morning and afternoon flights available, as well as several sponsorship opportunities. Prizes available include tickets to the AT&T National at Congressional Country Club, round of golf for four at Eagles Mere and a set of irons for the closest to the pin prize. Lunch and dinner are included in the registration fee. For more information, contact Bonnie Wassmer at 286-5636 or Adam Purdy at 286-5855.
Bus Trip Scheduled
A bus trip to see the Philadelphia Phillies play the Pittsburgh Pirates in Pittsburgh July 2 is being organized. The bus will leave Danville at 12 noon. Game time is 7 p.m. Price is $75, which includes ticket, transportation, beverages and snacks. Seats are in section 109 (can be seen on the Pirates official web site). Bus will return immediately following game. For more information call 275-5281 or 437-0224.
K of C Charity Golf Tournament
The Shamokin and Kulpmont Knights of Columbus chapters are jointly sponsoring a golf tournament to benefit the Wounded Warrior Fund and Our Lady of Lourdes scholarships. The tournament will be Saturday, May 4 at the Rolling Hills Golf Course. Cost is $60 per person and includes greens fee, refreshments on the course and dinner. Hole sponsorships are also available. For more information, contact Joe at 648-6136 or Ray at 373-1967.
Line Mountain Little Eagles
Football and cheerleading registration, Sunday, May 5, noon to 2 p.m. at Trevorton foundry.
Trevorton Co-ed Softball League
Any team, with at least two females and seven or eight males on the playing field at all times, wishing to enter a team can contact Brian Deiter at 850-0751. The season is tentatively scheduled to begin Sunday, May 19.
Mount Carmel Jets Cheerleaders
Registration, Sunday, April 28, in the old MCA gym, for 5-6 graders at 5 p.m. and 2-3-4 graders at 6 p.m. There is a $40 registration fee.
Cabrini Baseball competition
Cabrini baseball will host a free Major League Baseball Pitch, Hit and Run competition for area youths Sunday, May 5, 1 p.m., at the Cabrini field, Logan and Wabash streets, Coal Township. Boys and girls will compete separately in four age groups: 7-8, 9-10, 11-12, and 13-14 and can advance through four levels of competition including team championships at Major League ballparks and the national finals at the 2013 All-Star Game. All participants need to bring a copy of their birth certificate and have a parent or guardian fill out a registration/waiver form. For questions, contact Leo Mirolli at 570-648-0156.
Brush Valley Chamber Golf Tournament
Seventh annual tournament will be Friday, May 3 at Knoebels Three Ponds in Elysburg. There are plenty of opportunities for golfers and sponsors, with the deadline for players' registration Monday, April 22. Cost starts at $100 for a single player, with other sponsorship tiers available that include playing positions, recognition along the golf course as well as lunch, dinner and a tourmanet novelty. Play starts at 1 p.m. and follows registration at 11:30 a.m. and lunch. For more information, contact the chamber's office at 648-4675.
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Dr. Xiaodong Lin - Learning from the Rest of the WorldPublished in TC Today - Volume 37, No. 2
By Siddhartha Mitter
Learner-centered pedagogy has been taken up by some international development agencies -- not least as a survival strategy for teachers with sole responsibility for managing classrooms of a hundred students or more.
But it may be that the practice doesn't always transfer wholesale to other cultures.
"When you see it in action in some places, you can see things about it that are built specifically on American values and assumptions about resources," says Lesley Bartlett, TC Associate Professor of Education. "Students who aren't used to challenging a teacher's ideas won't feel comfortable with this pedagogy. Another issue is that when five or 10 kids have to share a single textbook, they can't do much independent work at home. And language policy can be a barrier, too. In Tanzania, for example, students shift from Swahili to English in secondary school, and they often have great difficulty expressing themselves in a language they're struggling to learn."
For More Information Please Visit: http://www.tc.edu/news.htm?articleID=9136&pub=7&issue=312


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Hang tight!
Recipe by Gina
"Wonderful spicy iced pumpkin cookies that both kids and adults love!"
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2 1/2 cups
all-purpose flour
1 teaspoon
baking powder
1 teaspoon
baking soda
2 teaspoons
ground cinnamon
1/2 teaspoon
ground nutmeg
1/2 teaspoon
ground cloves
1/2 teaspoon
1/2 cup
butter, softened
1 1/2 cups
white sugar
1 cup
canned pumpkin puree
1 teaspoon
vanilla extract
2 cups
confectioners' sugar
3 tablespoons
1 tablespoon
melted butter
I make these every year around the holidays - people love them. Do not store them in an airtight container though - they have a lot of moisture from the pumpkin and get moist and mushy. They stay great out on the counter for days. Delicious w/ coffee!
I made these cookies exactly as written except I used 1 cup white sugar and 1/2 cup brown sugar. I disliked them plain without icing. They tasted bland to me or like they were short on sugar. But with icing they are delicious.
3645 Ratings
These cookies are superb. Soft and cakelike, not at all dense or sticky. The take on a beautiful shape while baking. I replaced 1/2 cup of the white sugar with light brown sugar and used 1 1/2 teaspoons of cinnamon and 1 1/2 teaspoons of pumpkin pie spice instead of the spices listed (what I happened to have on hand). Try adding a little cinnamon to the icing--it looks beautiful. So good! Thanks for the recipe!
Years ago I gave this wonderful recipe to a former friend of mine who owns a chain of 17 deli-restaurants in our area. Customers LOVE this cake-like cookie. It is so popular it is sold year-round. Skip the glaze and use a cream cheese icing instead. Delicious! *****UPDATE 2011***** Apparently these are THE most popular cookies sold in this business and they sell out daily. If anyone is wondering, the initials of this business are "C.B" and it is located in the mid-south.
This recipe is very good. However, I needed to make a few adjudments. I followed the recipe exactly and the end product was this: a cookie that was bready and not sweet like a cookie should be. So for my second batch I added more pumpkin and more sugar and decreased the baking time to 12 minutes. Also, since I'm not a big fan of icing on cookies, I ommitted the icing. Viola! A perfect pumpkin spice cookie =)
The cookie by itself is just good. By adding cinnamon to the frosting and sprinkling chopped pecans on top it rates outstanding.
These cookies are very good,...soft, fluffy, moist, subtle spices, and just enough pumpkin flavor. Texture was similar to a muffin top. I was attempting to get a denser consistency, so I baked the cookies for only about 12 min and substituted 1/2 of the white sugar with brown. Also, I used almost the whole 15oz can of pumpkin puree, which made the dough stickier to work with, but the end product still tasted great (although not dense like I was hoping). I uploaded 2 photos of the finished cookie, iced and not iced. For the iced ones, I dropped 1 tablespoon of the mixture and lightly flattened them. No spreading whatsoever...even the little "peaks" from dropping onto the sheet remained intact. So for subsequent batches, I smoothed the drops of dough with my fingers. The icing was way too sweet for me. For the un-iced ones, I flattened them with a sugared bottom cup. I liked the un-iced ones better...simple and basic in flavor.
For someone who has never liked pumpkin much these cookies are just pure DANGER!
Not only was the wonderful 'Fall' aroma wonderful through the house ... but the cookies are extremely tasty.
I can just tell I'll be making these quite a bit this season ... maybe even still this week again ... I'd love to share it with everyone!
Not too bad in the fat/calorie content area either ... especially since I used margarine instead of butter and they still turned out awesome!
Thankyou so much Gina for changing my idea of pumpkin!
* Percent Daily Values are based on a 2,000 calorie diet.
Iced Pumpkin Cookies
Serving Size: 1/36 of a recipe
Servings Per Recipe: 36
Amount Per Serving
Calories: 122
Calories from Fat: 29
We have so many top-rated chicken recipes, you'll never run out of dinner ideas again.
Imagine dinner making itself in the slow cooker while you relax or do other things.
Delicious recipes, party ideas, and cooking tips! Get a year of Allrecipes magazine for $7.99!
See how to make spicy, frosted pumpkin cookies.
Here's a cookie for the pumpkin pie and chocolate lovers!
These moist, cinnamony pumpkin bars have a rich cream cheese frosting.


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Creator of the Stars at Night
The God who created the cosmos is the God who came to us as a child in Bethlehem.
The Resource Finder has powerful filtering features — check out the tutorial to learn more.
The God who created the cosmos is the God who came to us as a child in Bethlehem.
The discovery of DNA has revolutionized our understanding of common descent, particularly in the past few decades. Mutated genes spread through populations over generations, leading to evolutionary change. In this podcast, we look at several examples of genetic evidence for evolution.
This traditional American carol turns to Song of Songs 2:3 for inspiration; it uses the familiar apple as a emblem of the very tree of life, emphasizing that the promise we have in Jesus goes beyond the merely material to encompass our complete shelter, nourishment, and passionate joy.
Prior to analyzing her genome, investigators expected to find that either she was a human being like us, or she was a Neanderthal. What they found, however, no one was prepared for. No one!
BioLogos has been following a sermon series by Pastor Tim Keller entitled The Bible: The Whole Story-Redemption and Restoration." The book of Romans masterfully addresses the solution to the issues raised in Genesis.
In this essay, Godawa argues that the decreation language of a collapsing universe with falling stars and signs in the heavens was actually symbolic discourse about world-changing events and powers related to the end of the old covenant and the coming of the new covenant as God's "new world order." In this interpretation, predictions of the collapsing universe were figuratively fulfilled in the historic past of the first century.
Genesis 2:2-17 places an interesting emphasis on work—not only does God work to bring about all creation, but also, man is called to the task of caring for God's world.
This article provides an overview of genomics evidence for common ancestry and hominid population sizes, and briefly discusses the implications of these lines of evidence for scientific concordist approaches to the Genesis narratives.


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Key Information
Modes and duration
- Full-time: 3 years
- Part-time: 5 years
Tuition Fees (2015/16)
- Overseas:
Application deadlines
Entry Requirements
A minimum of an upper second-class UK Bachelor's degree in a relevant discipline or an overseas qualification of an equivalent standard.
English Language Requirements
If your education has not been conducted in the English language, you will be expected to demonstrate evidence of an adequate level of English proficiency.
The English language level for this programme is: Standard
Further information can be found on our English language requirements page.
International students
Country-specific information, including details of when UCL representatives are visiting your part of the world, can be obtained from the International Students website.
International applicants can find out the equivalent qualification for their country by selecting from the list below.
Select your country:
- Cancer Biology
- Haematology
- Oncology
- Pathology
- Clinical Trials Centre
Research areas
- Antibody Based Medicines
- Cancer Drug Development
- Drug-DNA Interactions
- Molecular Oncology
- Tumour Biology on Therapeutic Response
CR-UK funded clinical fellowships and non-clinical PhD studentships available yearly, please check the institute's website (www.ucl.ac.uk/cancer/education) for further details.
Scholarships relevant to this department are displayed below. For a comprehensive list of the funding opportunities available at UCL, including funding relevant to your nationality, please visit the Scholarships and Funding website.
SLMS Student Conference Fund
- Value:
- (1)
- Eligibility:
- UK, EU, Overseas students
- Criteria:
More scholarships are listed on the Scholarships and Funding website
Graduates go on to further medical training or clinical posts, take up PhD studies or academic posts at institutions including universities around the world. They have also found employment in laboratory management, research, industry, clinical trials co-ordination, scientific writing and editing, sales and consulting.
Skills include critical evaluation of scientific literature, experimental planning and design, interpretation of data results, presentation/public speaking skills, time management, working within a team, working independently and writing for various audiences.
Site visits to clinical trials facilities (Sarah Cannon Research Institute UK), Advances in Oncology Seminars (Pfizer Oncology & Roche Products Limited), Cancer Research UK-sponsored events and student activities, institute alumni networks (LinkedIn) and annual reception.
Why study this degree at UCL?
The UCL Cancer Istitute offers a unique opportunity to work in a collaborative research environment that spans basic research, translational medicine and clinical applications. The Cancer Institute works closely with its associated clinical trials facilities, experimental medicine centre, biobanking facilities and associated partner hospitals in London.
Student / staff ratios › 350 staff › 38 taught students › 76 research students
Department: Cancer Institute
Application and next steps
Students are advised to apply as early as possible due to competition for places. Those applying for scholarship funding (particularly overseas applicants) should take note of application deadlines.
Application deadlines
For more information see our Applications page.Apply now
Contact Information
- Dr Julie Olszewski
- email@example.com
- +44 (0)20 7679 6911


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The "Normal" or Reference Range
"Your test was out of the normal range," your doctor says to you, handing you a sheet of paper with a set of test results, numbers on a page. Your heart starts to race in fear that you are really sick. But what does this statement mean, "Out of the normal range"? Is it cause for concern? The brief answer is that a result out of the normal or reference range is a signal that further investigation is needed.
The term "normal range" is not used very much today because it is considered to be misleading. If a patient's results are outside the range for that test, it does not automatically mean that the result is abnormal. Therefore, today "reference range" or "reference values" or "reference intervals" are considered the more appropriate terms, for reasons explained on the next page. For simplicity, we use the term reference range in this article.
Tests results—all medical data—can only be understood once all the pieces are together. Take one of the simplest medical indicators of all—your heart rate. You can take your resting heart rate right now by putting your fingers on your pulse and counting for a minute. Most people know that the "average" heart rate is about 70 beats per minute. How do you know what a "normal" heart rate is? We know this on the basis of taking the pulse rate of millions of people over time.
You probably also know that if you are a regular runner or are otherwise in good physical condition, your pulse rate could be considerably lower—so a pulse rate of 55 could also be "normal." Say you walk up a hill—your heart rate is now 120 beats a minute. That would be high for a resting heart rate but "normal" for the rate during this kind of activity.
Your heart rate, like any medical observation, must be considered in context. Without the proper context, any observation or test result is meaningless. To understand what is normal for you, your doctor must know what is normal for most other people of your age and what you were doing at the time—or just before—the test or observation was conducted.
The interpretation of any clinical laboratory test must consider this important concept when comparing a patient's results to the test's "reference range."


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IBM 3G Single Port PCI-e SAS/SATA RAID Host Bus Adapter (HBA)Part Numbers(s)
IBM Part# 25R8060
Overview:This IBM FC Single-port HBA for IBM System x are PCI Express Fibre Channel adapters with one x4 external Mini-SAS (SFF8088) connector and Four SATA x1 internal 7 pin connectors. These adapters support maximum bidirectional throughput for high-bandwidth storage (SAN). The PCI Express form factor can be used in either a standard PCI Express slot or a low profile PCI Express slot. Connects to both SAS and SATA HDDs and tape drives.
CategoryIBM Option
GenerationSAS PCIe
Part Number25R8072
Products ID461692
Device TypeSAS HBA Controller
Host InterfacePCI-e X8
Form FactorPCI-e X8 Plug-in card
Data Transfer RateUp to 3GB/s
PortsPorts 4 X Mini-SAS (SFF-8088)


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Curacao from Miami Nonstop, $256 (Roundtrip, incl. Tax)
Nonstop flights to Curacao from Miami are now available for just $256 roundtrip, including taxes.
This fare is up to $150 off regular roundtrip pricing.
Use the Fly.com Low Fare Calendar link below to easily find the best dates to travel through June. Book today -- this fare is not advertised by the airline and may disappear at any time.
Fly.com Tip: Click here to find top hotel and car rental deals on Fly.com.
Terms and conditions such as blackout dates, advance purchase, cancellation policy and associated fees vary by route and carrier, and can be obtained from the travel supplier at the time of booking. All fare prices are subject to availability. Additional restrictions may apply.
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Behind the Scenes at Warped Tour 2011
Like some rock and roll RV camp, dozens of busses line up in a fenced off area about 100 yards from where the stages and merch tents are set up. Bands leave to play their appointed sets looking fresh and ready for action, then return to the area about an hour later, wiped out from the heat but typically exhilarated after playing for throngs of adoring followers at Warped
Noisecreep caught up with some of the artists both around (and in) their tour busses as they got ready to go out and play, as well as when they returned.
Mike Hranica, l


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As Bethesda-Chevy Chase High School senior gymnast Julia Konner ran from the bleachers to receive her gold medal for the floor event, she had to hold her other three gold medals hanging around her neck to keep them from clanking together.
When Walter Johnson co-coach Erika Aguilar announced the all-round placers next, she didn't even go past, "In first place, from B-CC," before holding the microphone to the crowd, which shouted "Julia Konner."
There wasn't much suspense during Tuesday's Montgomery County gymnastics championships for Konner, who won all four events (bars, beam, floor and vault) or Bethesda-Chevy Chase, which won its second straight county title and fifth in six years.
The real surprise came afterward when B-CC coach Dana Creager told her gymnasts she was stepping down after 13 seasons. Creager, who plans to focus more on coaching rugby, said she made the decision previously but intentionally delayed her announcement.
"The focus should be on the meet, on their skill, on their routines — not on me or anything like that," Creager said. "I want them to focus, and I don't want to put any pressure on them because this is my last meet. It's great to see them compete the way they do. They just have so much heart."
Afterward, Konner was happy to focus on Creager, whom the gymnast called a "great coach."
"She just really pushes everyone," Konner said. "She knows everyone's abilities, and if they're not up to that potential, if they're not doing these skills that she knows they can do, then she'll be like, 'You need to do this.' She's also always telling us to be positive and work together as a team, which I think is probably the most important thing about this sport."
Creager was visibly encouraging to all her athletes as they competed, though less so with Konner. That's because Konner injured her ankle on vault late in the season, and the coach couldn't hide her nerves while Konner competed, especially because Konner leaves Friday for Minneapolis for Level 10 Nationals.
But Konner's ankle held up just fine, and she even said her personal highlight of the meet was her vault.
"Once I get out on the floor, the adrenaline goes, and I don't really feel it," Konner said.
Walter Johnson's Grace Leslau finished second in the all-around, helping her team also finish second. After quitting her club team last, Leslau was a little rusty entering the high school season.
"She's worked so hard," Walter Johnson co-coach Ursula Bright said. "I'm absolutely proud of her."
Bethesda-Chevy Chase's Julia Kaplan finished third in the all-around to help the team repeat as county champions, and Konner was much more eager to talk about team success in a post-meet interview — at least in her second attempt post-meet interview.
The first try ended after one question, once Konner noticed her teammates posing for a picture.
"Oh, wait," Konner yelled as she ran to join and smile with them.
Montgomery County Gymnastics Championships
Team scores
1. Bethesda-Chevy Chase, 177.1
2. Walter Johnson, 169.875
3. Whitman, 158.875
4. Blair, 147.55
5. Sherwood, 145.3
6. Springbrook, 140.975
7. Blake, 134.15
8. Gaithersburg, 82.75
1. Julia Konner, Bethesda-Chevy Chase
2. Grace Leslau, Walter Johnson
3. Julia Kaplan, Bethesda-Chevy Chase
1. Julia Konner, Bethesda-Chevy Chase
2. Julia Kaplan, Bethesda-Chevy Chase
3. Nicole Folkes, Bethesda-Chevy
1. Julia Konner, Bethesda-Chevy Chase
2. Ellie Wiersma, Sherwood
3. Grace Leslau, Walter Johnson
1. Julia Konner, Bethesda-Chevy Chase
2. Raven Boyd, Springbrook
3. Grace Leslau, Walter Johnson
1. Julia Konner, Bethesda-Chevy Chase
2. Guillemette Bodenreider, Walter Johnson
3. Ellie Wiersma, Sherwood


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|Women's Basketball » News » Schedule » Roster » Coaches » Statistics
Lady Bucs fall to Western Carolina, 82-71
Saturday, February 15, 2003CULLOWHEE, N.C. (Feb. 15, 2003) - The East Tennessee State Lady Bucs began Saturday's game against Western Carolina on a 12-2, but the Lady Catamounts came overcame that early deficit to earn a 82-71 victory over ETSU. With the loss, ETSU falls to 8-15 and 5-9 in the Southern Conference. WCU raises their record to 17-6 overall, 10-4 in the SoCon. With WCU down by 10 early, the Cats came back on a 15-3 run sparked by 3-point shooting from three different Catamount players to take the 17-15 lead. The Bucs tied the score at 17-all on two made free throws by ETSU sophomore forward Tiffani Mayes (Sumter, S.C.). WCU's Tiffany Hamm responded with a trey on the other end of the court to give Western the lead for good in the game. WCU went into halftime with a 47-42 lead on a jumper by Hamm, who recorded 13 points in the first stanza. East Tennessee brought the Cats' lead to within one on a steal and a jumper by junior forward Lauren Trantham, making the score 48-47. Hamm answered with a jumper for WCU, but Trantham again made the two-point play to bring Western's margin to one. However, the Catamounts took off on an 11-2 run and led by as many as 10 before the Bucs sparked a comeback. ETSU brought Western's lead to just two after a lay-up by junior forward Jessica Lonon (Sylvania, Ga.) at 7:35, making the score 67-65. A jumper by Janetta Heggins sent the Cats on a final 14-5 run to end the game with a score of 82-71. The Lady Bucs were led by junior guard Kiya Verdell (Hartwell, Ga.) and Trantham, each with 18 points. Trantham added 12 rebounds for the only double-double in the game, while Verdell had a team-high three of ETSU's five blocks. Freshman guard B.J. Banjo (Baltimore, Md.) grabbed a game-high five steals, adding nine points. Western Carolina was led by Hamm with 17 points and nine rebounds, adding three assists and two key blocks in the game, a new season-high. Jennifer Gardner and Yoneko Allen posted 12 points apiece and Kala Greene added 10 points and eight rebounds. Christy Blackwell dished out a season-high eight assists, adding eight points, while Heggins tied a career-high six assists, adding six points. This marks the sixth straight year Western has split regular-season games with ETSU and the fifth straight year the Catamounts have defeated the Bucs in Cullowhee. ETSU returns to action on Monday night, as they host UNC Greensboro at 7:00 p.m. from Memorial Center in Johnson City, Tenn.
Women's Basketball Archives
2002-03 Women's Basketball


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Accepted Recyclables List
|**Important Update** Plastic bags are the biggest contaminant in our recycling program. Plastic bags and liners can damage the automated equipment at the Material Recovery Facility where all of your recyclables are sorted. If you have plastic bags to recycle you can take them to AJ's, Albertsons, Basha'a, Fresh & Easy, Fry's Food and Drug, Lowe's, Safeway, Smart & Final, Sun Flower Market, Target, Trader Joe's or WalMart.
Please remember NO plastic bags and NO plastic liners in your mauve container. *
Please use your mauve recycling container ONLY for the items on our curbside recyclables list. Scottsdale's Recycling Mascot Wyatt Earth says,
"If it's not on the list.......please resist"!
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Ashish Nanda
Robert Braucher Professor of Practice
On leave 2014-2015
Ashish Nanda is Robert Braucher Professor of Practice, Faculty Director of Executive Education, and Research Director at the Program on the Legal Profession at Harvard Law School. He teaches "Professional Services" in the JD program, is faculty director of Harvard Law School Executive Education, and teaches in Harvard Business School's executive education courses. Before joining Harvard Law School, Nanda was a Harvard Business School faculty member for 13 years, where he taught "Professional Services" in the MBA program. Before coming to Harvard for his PhD, he worked for five years with the Tata group of companies as Tata Administrative Services officer. A recipient of the Henry B. Arthur Fellowship, the Center in Ethics and the Professions Fellowship, President of India Gold Medal (twice), and the IIM Director's Gold Medal, he has published several case studies and Harvard Business Review articles and is a coauthor (with Tom DeLong) of Professional Services: Cases & Text. His research, in the form of conceptual articles, case studies, surveys, and large sample empirical analyses, focuses on professional services. It encompasses three streams - professionalism, professionals' labor market, and management of professional service organizations. Nanda has advised law firms and inside counsel in companies as well as other professional service organizations including accounting, advertising, asset management, engineering consulting, executive search, human resource consulting, investment banking, IT consulting, management consulting, public relations, and real estate firms. His work with these organziations has spanned (a) strategic planning, including designing and executing strategic planning process and reviewing alliance strategies and options; (b) developing organizational strategy, including organizational structure design and review of communication processes; (c) reviewing governance systems, including independent analysis of exectutive and oversight bodies and succession planning; (d)analyzing people practices, including compensation systems, recruitment and retention practices at partner and associate level; and (e) designing and delivering leadership programs.


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WebMD Health News
Bill Hendrick
Reviewed by
Laura J. Martin, MD
Dec. 2, 2010 -- A significant number of people try to kill themselves in America's 84 national parks every year, and 68% succeed, sometimes by jumping off cliffs or bridges, a study shows.
In the CDC's Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report for Dec. 3, researchers say 286 suicide attempts occurred in 2003-2009, for an average of 41 per year. Of all attempts, 68% were successful.
Firearms were involved in 33% of the suicide attempts, followed by falls at 19% (many by jumping off cliffs or bridges), suffocations at 9%, poisoning at 7% (included drug overdoses), and cuts and piercings at 6%. Also, in 6% of suicide attempts, people used motor vehicles, which typically involved driving over a cliff. In contrast, nationally, less than 1% of suicide attempts annually are transportation related.
Six of 84 parks had 10 or more suicide events (suicide and attempted suicide), led by the Blue Ridge Parkway in North Carolina and Virginia and the Grand Canyon National Park in Arizona, both of which reported 21 events during the 2003-2009 period.
For males, the mostly commonly reported method of attempted and completed suicides was firearms (36%). Falls accounted for 19% and suffocations 16%, the study shows.
For females, top causes were firearms at 21%, falls at 19%, and poisonings at 16%.
The CDC says that between 2003 and 2009, the National Park Service averaged 28 suicides and 13 suicide attempts annually.
Among other key findings:
The CDC report says that each death due to suicide in a national park represents a preventable event in a public place. Suicides can lead to major cost burdens for the parks: One case cost $200,000 because it involved searching for a missing person.
The report also says that though park rangers have tried to stop suicides, their ability to do so has been only partly successful, and that training for the federal employees in how to stop people from trying to kill themselves and in how to detect signs of park-goers at risk might prove useful.
Also, the researchers say physical barriers should be considered in places where people jump, or could jump, from a high location.
Physical barriers on some bridges also might be a way to help prevent suicide attempts.
The top 10 national parks for suicide deaths between 2003 and 2009 were:
SOURCE:Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, Dec. 3, 2010.
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10 May 2012
Posted in Partnerships
Local Students and Schools to Benefit from Free Field Trips to Learn about Energy
ORLANDO (May 4, 2012) – The Progress Energy Foundation awarded a $50,000 grant to the Orlando Science Center to allow 2,500 fourth grade students to participate in "Get Energized" field trips free of charge. The program, now in its second year, is designed to excite students in Progress Energy's service territory about energy, alternative energy and energy efficiency.
"The Orlando Science Center and Progress Energy have shared a longtime partnership in serving our community," said Science Center President JoAnn Newman. "Thanks to their support, the Science Center will be able to expand on the learning that takes place in the classroom in a very dynamic way. Together, we can achieve the mutual goal of exciting young people through hands-on engagement in STEM subjects."
Field trips will include a tour through the Science Park exhibit hall, participation in the "High Voltage" live show and a giant screen film in the Dr. Phillips CineDome. The Science Center will recruit schools from Orange, Osceola, Seminole, Lake, Polk and Volusia counties. Preference will be given to schools in underserved communities. The program will start again with field trips in the next academic year and run throughout the fall semester.
"Every dollar we contribute to education is an investment in the future of our state," said Vincent Dolan, president and CEO of Progress Energy Florida. "We are proud to support programs that engage and excite students about energy, alternative energy and energy efficiency. Our support of career academies will pay huge dividends when the students who benefit from these programs join the workforce and become active participants in our communities." Over the past 10 years, the Progress Energy Foundation has invested $17 million to assist education initiatives in Florida.
Located in Orlando, Fla., interactive learning and discovery await within the Science Center's hundreds of exhibits, programs and labs, giant screen films and planetarium shows. The Science Center provides educational opportunities both within and outside its walls, including field trips, family science nights at schools and community centers, and other outreach.
The Science Center was incorporated in 1955 as the Central Florida Museum and opened in Orlando Loch Haven Park in 1960. The current facility opened in 1997 with four floors of exhibit space, an observatory, a giant screen domed theater for films and planetarium shows, a café, a store and much more.
The facility was created by traditional museum exhibit designers and fabricators, as well as those in the theme park industry. These creative professionals worked with Science Center staff to pioneer innovative exhibit environments for immersive guest experiences. Dedicated to "inspire science learning for life," the Science Center provides fun experiential learning both within and outside the center's walls, including field trips, school appearances, and other forms of community outreach.
Progress Energy (NYSE: PGN), headquartered in Raleigh, N.C., is a Fortune 500 energy company with 23,000 megawatts of generation capacity and approximately $9 billion in annual revenues. Progress Energy includes two major electric utilities that serve about 3.1 million customers in the Carolinas and Florida. The company has earned the Edison Electric Institute's Edison Award, the industry's highest honor, in recognition of its operational excellence, and was the first utility to receive the prestigious J.D. Power and Associates Founder's Award for customer service. The company is pursuing a balanced strategy for a secure energy future, which includes energy-efficiency programs, investments in renewable energy technologies, and a state-of-the-art power system. Progress Energy celebrated a century of service in 2008.
Progress Energy invests in a wide variety of local organizations and initiatives to add to the overall quality of life in the areas it serves. Grants focus on education, the environment, economic development and employee involvement. During 2011, Progress Energy invested nearly $9 million in local communities. Visit the company's website at
www.progress-energy.com .
For more information, please call 407.514.2000.


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The vrrp inherit, is like a "follow the leader". There will be the active or main group under an active interface. If this is master, the follower vrrp group will be master regardless its priority.
But if the active group becomes backup for any reason, a tracked interface, or route, the follower will become backup.
Your configuration is right except you mix fe- and ge- interfaces, and you use different vrrp address and unit ip address for group 1.
Anyway this is not the right way to do this.
It will be good if you can use two interfaces. The objetive is to be sure master is down before backup router becomes master. If you only use one interface you will lost the vrrp hellos from master on both vrrp groups, and both will become master.
If you use a single interface, then its better to use several units and vlan tagging. If there is some problems with the fws vlan then your backup router will not become master if the active vrrp vlan is working properly.
On the other hand, for sure you will have at least two interfaces in your routers. If use vrrp on both interfaces, then will syncronize vrrp state for all vrrp groups and interfaces.
You will have to track the secondary interfaces under your active group. Think you have a "incoming" interface from network, and a "outgoing" interface to fws. You want this router to be master at the "incoming" interface only if "outgoing" interface is up. Active vrrp will be the incoming interface, and the outgoing will inherit the active status. If any of this two interfaces goes down, both will become backup.
the config i showed you has one interface on each router. both routers are using the fe-0/3/2 interface.
the router is also serving as the firewall and the interfaces would be connected to our internal network and going to the switch.
so if that is the case, are you saying i should still have two interfaces on each router for the vrrp?
so would the interface going to the internet connection outside also need vrrp setup?
Im sorry, i understand that you plug your vrrp interface to the Fw. So your fe-0/2/0 interface connect to the inner network, and fe-0/3/0, fe-0/3/1 to the outter network through fws. Could you post a show vrrp and show interface terse while having the problems ?.
these two m7i routers are also serving as our firewall.
yes fe-0/2/0 is connected to the inside and fe-0/3/0 and fe-0/3/1 are connected to the outside.
here is the relevant show interface terse, theres other interfaces that are used also:
Interface Admin Link Proto Local Remote
fe-0/2/0 up up
fe-0/2/0.0 up up inet 192.168.0.1/24
fe-0/3/0 up up
fe-0/3/0.0 up up inet 4.x.x.x/30
ge-1/3/0 up up
ge-1/3/0.0 up up inet 209.x.x.x/30
show vrrp:
Interface State Group VR state VR Mode Timer Type Address
fe-0/2/0.0 up 100 backup Active D 3.219 lcl 192.168.0.1
Hi Alex, need show vrrp from both routers while both are master.
05-08-2012 09:32 AM - edited 05-08-2012 09:49 AM
the master/master issue only happens when i use the fortigate firewall as a bypass.
there is also bgp setup between the two routers and one interface is used for crossover.
normally, the backup is fine as a backup and the master is below
current master show vrrp:
Interface State Group VR state VR Mode Timer Type Address
fe-0/2/0.0 up 100 master Active A 0.660 lcl 192.168.0.2
It would be good if you could post a diagram of where is the fortigate. If this is between the routers then fw is filtering the vrrp frames. There should be always connectivity throught the vrrp interfaces.
Anyway, you could use the connection between those router as the vrrp primary group. And the other interface will inherit its state. So the backup will become master only if the primary router is down. It dont mind if you dont need vrrp in that interfaces, if this is ethernet of course.
we were only testing the fortigate.
the fortigate was between the backup router and the internal switch.
the master was not behind the fortigate so the internal switch goes directly to the master router.
normally the backup router sits the same way and the internal switch goes directly to the backup router as well.
05-08-2012 12:01 PM - edited 05-08-2012 12:06 PM
So, you put the fortigate between the router and the switch, so this in the middle between both routers. This way the fw will filter vrrp.
R-backup ---- FW ---- Switch ----- R-Primary
Normal scenario
R-Backup ---- Switch ---- R-Primary
05-08-2012 01:28 PM - edited 05-08-2012 01:50 PM
yes, so you think this scenario would cause the issues i got?
since we were only testing the firewall, we allowed any to any so all traffic should pass through.


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Stockholm, Sweden –- December 17, 2008 –- Sun Microsystems today announced that Ladok, Sweden's largest university database will be migrated to MySQL™, the world's most popular open source database. Five million people are registered in the Ladok system, a national system used for the documentation of academic information. University administrators as well as more than 350,000 active students use information from the Ladok-system on a regular basis in order to manage follow–up procedures, track academic results or look up grades.
The Ladok system cannot suffer downtime. The enormous amount of information concerning academic results, registrations and documentation for almost every individual university student in Sweden is important for the Swedish National Board of Student Aid, the statistical data of Statistics Sweden, and the Ministry of Education and Research.
For the past 20 years, the Ladok division's operations have been based on a proprietary database but will now be fully migrated to and supported by MySQL Enterprise™. The transition will take place gradually throughout 2009.
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ESA > Our Activities > Human Spaceflight > Exploration
Latest News
Ready for winter23 November 2012 Each year, ESA sponsors a medical research doctor to brave the cold, dark days of Antarctica to study the effects of isolation in preparation for long space missions. The next crew have already been chosen and are preparing to leave on their long jour...
Astronauts bring back new life23 November 2012
Astronauts bring back new life23 November 2012 It is not every day that astronauts can claim to return to Earth with a new species of life. But when the astronauts on ESA's CAVES underground training course returned to the surface they were carrying a special type of woodlouse.
Connecting via the interplanetary Internet09 November 2012
Connecting via the interplanetary Internet09 November 2012 NASA astronaut Sunita Williams recently controlled an ESA rover in Germany from the International Space Station in a joint test of a communication protocol designed for interplanetary spaceflight.
Using space internet to control robots17 October 2012
Using space internet to control robots17 October 2012 ESA and NASA have tested a communications protocol that will allow astronauts to control robots from space stations orbiting planets or asteroids. The test marks the way for a trial-run with an astronaut on the International Space Station next week.
Cavenauts return to Earth20 September 2012
Cavenauts return to Earth20 September 2012 The international team of astronauts taking part in ESA's caving adventure have returned to Earth after spending six days underground. The voyage to the surface of our planet took them five hours from basecamp.
Future Space Station crew train to control rover from orbit25 May 2012 Canadian astronaut Chris Hadfield and NASA's Sunita Williams, both scheduled for missions to the International Space Station, have completed their training at ESA's European Astronaut Centre to learn how to drive a model rover remotely on Earth from s...


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|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Jul 26, 2007
|Filing date
|Mar 22, 2007
|Priority date
|May 23, 2003
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Richard Demaray, Hong Zhang, Mukundan Narasimhan, Vassiliki Milonopoulou
|Original Assignee
|Symmorphix, Inc.
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Referenced by (2), Classifications (27), Legal Events (5)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
The present invention claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 60/473,375,"Energy Conversion and Storage Devices by Physical Vapor Deposition of Titanium Oxides and Sub-Oxides," by Richard E. Demaray and Hong Mei Zhang, filed on May 23, 2003, herein incorporated by reference in its entirety.
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention is related to fabrication of thin films for planar energy and charge storage and energy conversion and, in particular, thin films deposited of titanium and titanium oxides, sub oxides, and rare earth doped titanium oxides and sub oxides for planar energy and charge storage and energy conversion.
2. Discussion of Related Art
Currently, titanium oxide layers are not utilized commercially in energy storage, charge storage, or energy conversion systems because such layers are difficult to deposit, difficult to etch, are known to have large concentrations of defects, and have poor insulation properties due to a propensity for oxygen deficiency and the diffusion of oxygen defects in the layers. Additionally, amorphous titania is difficult to deposit due to its low recrystalization temperature (about 250� C.), above which the deposited layer is often a mixture of crystalline anatase and rutile structures.
However, such amorphous titania layers, if they can be deposited in sufficient quality, have potential due to their high optical index, n˜2.7, and their high dielectric constant, k less than or equal to about 100. Further, they have substantial chemical stability. There are no known volatile halides and titania is uniquely resistant to mineral acids. Amorphous titania is thought to have the further advantage that there are no grain boundary mechanisms for electrical breakdown, chemical corrosion, or optical scattering. It is also well known that the sub oxides of titanium have unique and useful properties. See, e.g., Hayfield, P.C.S., "Development of a New Material—Monolithic Ti4O7 Ebonix Ceramic", Royal Society Chemistry, ISBN 0-85405-984-3, 2002. Titanium monoxide, for example, is a conductor with a uniquely stable resistivity with varying temperature. Additionally, Ti2O3, which can be pinkish in color, is known to have semiconductor type properties. However, these materials have not found utilization because of their difficult manufacture in films and their susceptibility to oxidation. Further, Ti4O7 demonstrates both useful electrical conductivity and unusual resistance to oxidation. Ti4O7, however, is also difficult to fabricate, especially in thin film form.
Additional to the difficulty of fabricating titanium oxide or sub oxide materials in useful thin film form, it also has proven difficult to dope these materials with, for example, rare earth ions, in useful or uniform concentration.
Therefore, utilization of titanium oxide and suboxide films, with or without rare earth doping, has been significantly limited by previously available thin film processes. If such films could be deposited, their usefulness in capacitor, battery, and energy conversion and storage technologies would provide for many value-added applications.
Current practice for construction of capacitor and resistor arrays and for thin film energy storage devices is to utilize a conductive substrate or to deposit the metal conductor or electrode , the resistor layer, and the dielectric capacitor films from various material systems. Such material systems for vacuum thin films, for example, include copper, aluminum, nickel, platinum, chrome, or gold depositions, as well as conductive oxides such as ITO, doped zinc oxide, or other conducting materials.
Materials such as chrome-silicon monoxide or tantalum nitride are known to provide resistive layers with 100 parts per million or less resistivity change per degree Centigrade for operation within typical operating parameters. A wide range of dielectric materials such as silica, silicon nitride, alumina, or tantalum pentoxide can be utilized for the capacitor layer. These materials typically have dielectric constants k of less than about twenty four (24). In contrast, TiO2 either in the pure rutile phase or in the pure amorphous state can demonstrate a dielectric constant as high as 100. See, e.g., R. B. van Dover, "Amorphous Lanthanide-Doped TiO2 Dielectric Films," Appl. Phys Lett., Vol. 74, no. 20, p. 3041-43 (May 17, 1999).
It is well known that the dielectric strength of a material decreases with increasing value of dielectric constant k for all dielectric films. A 'figure of merit' (FM) is therefore obtained by the product of the dielectric constant k and the dielectric strength measured in Volts per cm of dielectric thickness. Capacitive density of 10,000 to 12,000 pico Farads/mm2 is very difficult to achieve with present conductors and dielectrics. Current practice for reactive deposition of titanium oxide has achieved a figure-of-merit, FM, of about 50 (k MV/cm). See J. Y. Kim et al., "Frequency-Dependent Pulsed Direct Current Magnetron Sputtering of Titanium Oxide Films," J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 19(2), 2001.
Therefore, there is an ongoing need for titanium oxide and titanium sub-oxide layers, and rare-earth doped titanium oxide and titanium sub-oxide layers, for various applications.
In accordance with the present invention, high density oxide films are deposited by a pulsed-DC, biased, reactive sputtering process from a titanium containing target. A method of forming a titanium based layer or film according to the present invention includes depositing a layer of titanium containing oxide by pulsed-DC, biased reactive sputtering process on a substrate. In some embodiments, the layer is TiO2. In some embodiments, the layer is a sub-oxide of Titanium. In some embodiments, the layer is TixOy wherein x is between about 1 and about 4 and y is between about 1 and about 7.
In some embodiments of the invention, the figure of merit of the layer is greater than 50. In some embodiments of the invention, the layer can be deposited between conducting layers to form a capacitor. In some embodiments of the invention, the layer includes at least one rare-earth ion. In some embodiments of the invention, the at least one rare-earth ion includes erbium. In some embodiments of the invention, the erbium doped layer can be deposited between conducting layers to form a light-emitting device. In some embodiments of the invention, the erbium doped layer can be an optically active layer deposited on a light-emitting device. In some embodiments of the invention, the layer can be a protective layer. In some embodiments, the protective layer can be a catalytic layer.
In some embodiments of the invention, the layer and a TiO2 layer can be deposited between conducting layers to form a capacitor with decreased roll-off characteristics with decreasing thickness of the TiO2 layer. In some embodiments, the TiO2 layer can be a layer deposited according to some embodiments of the present invention.
These and other embodiments of the present invention are further discussed below with reference to the following figures.
In the figures, elements having the same designation have the same or similar functions.
Miniaturization is driving the form factor of portable electronic components. Thin film dielectrics with high dielectric constants and breakdown strengths allow production of high density capacitor arrays for mobile communications devices and on-chip high-dielectric capacitors for advanced CMOS processes. Thick film dielectrics for high energy storage capacitors allow production of portable power devices.
Some embodiments of films deposited according to the present invention have a combination of high dielectric and high breakdown voltages. Newly developed electrode materials allow the production of very thin films with high capacitance density. The combination of high dielectric and high breakdown voltages produce thick films with new levels of available energy storage according to E=�CV2.
Deposition of materials by pulsed-DC biased reactive ion deposition is described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/101863, entitled "Biased Pulse DC Reactive Sputtering of Oxide Films," to Hongmei Zhang, et al., filed on Mar. 16, 2002. Preparation of targets is described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/101,341, entitled "Rare-Earth Pre-Alloyed PVD Targets for Dielectric Planar Applications," to Vassiliki Milonopoulou, et al., filed on Mar. 16, 2002. U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/101863 and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/101,341 are each assigned to the same assignee as is the present disclosure and each is incorporated herein in their entirety. Additionally, deposition of materials is further described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,506,289, which is also herein incorporated by reference in its entirety.
Apparatus 10 includes a target 12 which is electrically coupled through a filter 15 to a pulsed DC power supply 14. In some embodiments, target 12 is a wide area sputter source target, which provides material to be deposited on substrate 16. Substrate 16 is positioned parallel to and opposite target 12. Target 12 functions as a cathode when power is applied to it and is equivalently termed a cathode. Application of power to target 12 creates a plasma 53. Substrate 16 is capacitively coupled to an electrode 17 through an insulator 54. Electrode 17 can be coupled to an RF power supply 18. Magnet 20 is scanned across the top of target 12.
For pulsed reactive dc magnetron sputtering, as performed by apparatus 10, the polarity of the power supplied to target 12 by power supply 14 oscillates between negative and positive potentials. During the positive period, the insulating layer on the surface of target 12 is discharged and arcing is prevented. To obtain arc free deposition, the pulsing frequency exceeds a critical frequency that depends on target material, cathode current and reverse time. High quality oxide films can be made using reactive pulsed DC magnetron sputtering in apparatus 10.
Pulsed DC power supply 14 can be any pulsed DC power supply, for example an AE Pinnacle plus 10K by Advanced Energy, Inc. With this example supply, up to 10 kW of pulsed DC power can be supplied at a frequency of between 0 and 350 KHz. In some embodiments, the reverse voltage is 10% of the negative target voltage. Utilization of other power supplies will lead to different power characteristics, frequency characteristics, and reverse voltage percentages. The reverse time on this embodiment of power supply 14 can be adjusted to between 0 and 5 μs.
Filter 15 prevents the bias power from power supply 18 from coupling into pulsed DC power supply 14. In some embodiments, power supply 18 can be a 2 MHz RF power supply, for example a Nova-25 power supply made by ENI, Colorado Springs, Colo.
Therefore, filter 15 can be a 2 MHz band sinusoidal rejection filter. In some embodiments, the bandwidth of the filter can be approximately 100 kHz. Filter 15, therefore, prevents the 2 MHz power from the bias to substrate 16 from damaging power supply 18.
However, both RF sputtered and pulsed DC sputtered films are not fully dense and may typically have columnar structures. These columnar structures are detrimental to thin film applications. By applying a RF bias on wafer 16 during deposition, the deposited film can be densified by energetic ion bombardment and the columnar structure can be substantially eliminated or completely eliminated.
In the AKT-1600 based system, for example, target 12 can have an active size of about 675.70�582.48 by 4 mm in order to deposit films on substrate 16 that have dimension about 400�500 mm. The temperature of substrate 16 can be held at between −50C and 500C by introduction of back-side gas in a physical or electrostatic clamping of the substrate, thermo-electric cooling, electrical heating, or other methods of active temperature control. In
In some embodiments, magnet 20 extends beyond area 52 in one direction, the Y direction in
The combination of a uniform target 12 with a target area 52 larger than the area of substrate 16 can provide films of highly uniform thickness. Further, the material properties of the film deposited can be highly uniform. The conditions of sputtering at the surface of target 12, such as the uniformity of erosion, the average temperature of the plasma at the target surface and the equilibration of the target surface with the gas phase ambient of the process are uniform over a region which is greater than or equal to the region to be coated with a uniform film thickness. In addition, the region of uniform film thickness is greater than or equal to the region of the film which is to have highly uniform optical properties such as index of refraction, density, transmission, or absorptivity.
Target 12 can be formed of any materials, but is typically metallic materials such as, for example, combinations of In and Sn. Therefore, in some embodiments, target 12 includes a metallic target material formed from intermetallic compounds of optical elements such as Si, Al, Er and Yb. Additionally, target 12 can be formed, for example, from materials such as La, Yt, Ag, Au, and Eu. To form optically active films on substrate 16, target 12 can include rare-earth ions. In some embodiments of target 12 with rare earth ions, the rare earth ions can be pre-alloyed with the metallic host components to form intermetallics. See U.S. application Ser. No. 10/101,341.
In several embodiments of the invention, material tiles are formed. These tiles can be mounted on a backing plate to form a target for apparatus 10. A wide area sputter cathode target can be formed from a close packed array of smaller tiles. Target 12, therefore, may include any number of tiles, for example between 2 to 20 individual tiles. Tiles are finished to a size so as to provide a margin of non-contact, tile to tile, less than about 0.010″ to about 0.020″ or less than half a millimeter so as to eliminate plasma processes that may occur between adjacent ones of the tiles. The distance between the tiles of target 12 and the dark space anode or ground shield 19 in
As shown in
The fabrication of high density capacitor and resistor arrays as well as high energy storage solid state devices can be accomplished with embodiments of processes according to the present invention on a wide variety of substrates such as silicon wafers or glass or plastic sheets at low temperature and over wide area. With reference to
In particular, the low temperature deposition of amorphous titania capacitors provides for the fabrication of integrated passive electronic circuits on plastic and glass. It also provides for the integration of such devices on other electronic devices and arrays at low temperature.
Similarly, a conducting layer of TiO or Ti4O7 as layer 103 in
A thick film of dielectric material may be deposited having a high dielectric strength for the storage of electrical energy. Such energy is well known to increases with the square of the applied Voltage. For example, in
Protective conductive sub-oxide films of titanium can also be deposited on conductive and insulating substrates to protect them from harmful chemical attack while acting as conducting layers. For example, as illustrated in
TiO2 layers, for example, can photocatylitically produce ozone in the presence of sunlight. However, in the course of such activity, the TiO2 layer can build up a fixed charge. Absent a metallurgical conductor, as shown in
Protective conductive sub-oxide films of titanium can also be deposited on conductive and insulating substrates to protect them from harmful chemical attack while acting as conducting layers for electrolytic energy storage or as an active electrode for catalytic energy conversion. Transparent and semi-transparent oxides can be deposited sequentially so that the conducting suboxides are protected by the transparent non-conducting oxide for purposes of protecting layered devices. Alternatively, it is well known that certain crystalline suboxides of titania, collectively referred to as Magnelli phases, posses unusual levels of durability to mineral acid solutions and other corrosive gassious or liquid environments. Hayfield, P.C.S., "Development of a New Material—Monolithic Ti4O7 Ebonix Ceramic", Royal Society Chemistry, ISBN 0-85405-984-3, 2002 describes these in detail and discusses many applications of the monolithic suboxides. Hayfield also explains that the basis of conductivity of sub-oxides is due to the presence of the Ti+2 cation in layers having the stoichometry TiO. Of the several compositions, Ti4O7 in particular is known to posses both useful conductivity and also chemical resistance to both anodization, which would decrease it's conductivity, as well as reduction, which would decrease it's chemical durability. Therefore, as shown in
In this disclosure, an amorphous coating layer according to embodiments of the present invention, derived from a crystalline target of Ti4O7, can obtain a similar composition as described above, measured as Ti4O6.8. Similar useful levels of chemical conductivity can be obtained. The sputtered film was dense, adherent, and also displayed robust durability to immersion in concentrated mineral acid and oxidizing solution. A similar material was deposited directly from a titanium target using the subject reactive sputtering process.
The increased density of the amorphous sputtered film according to embodiments of the present invention such as film 102 shown in
The sputtered sub-oxides also have the advantage that they can be layered, without removal from the vacuum system, with metallic titanium, other sub-oxides, as well as TiO2 for connection to electrical conduction and insulation. This feature provides the utility of multiplayer depositions by integrated processes in one vacuum chamber. Where thick films of a particular sub-oxide are desired, a target 12 (
Erbium doped TiO2 is known to display useful levels of photoluminescence. And rare earth doped titanium oxide is known to display decreased levels of electrical leakage current under conditions of high electrical field. Layer 102 of
A TiO or erebium-doped TiO target, target 12 of
As an example, a layer of erbium doped titania or titania containing alloy deposited by means of the present invention, could be coupled as a continuous oxide layer to a photo diode constructed proximate to dielectric layer 102 of
Alternatively, such a rare earth doped dielectric layer 102 might be coupled to conducting transparent oxides so that a light wave device might be provided for the conversion of electrical energy to light energy. In another embodiment, a titanium oxide.containing a rare earth ion can be deposited directly on a light emitting diode device so that the rare earth ion can absorb some or all of the light emitted by the diode and re-fluoresce that light at another wavelength. In this embodiment, layer 102 can be a rare earth containing titanium oxide or sub oxide and substrate 101 includes a light emitting diode. An example of this may be the conversion of blue light from a LED to yellow-green light by layer 102. In that case, layer 102 may be cerium doped titanium oxide or sub-oxide. Partial absorption of the blue light by layer 102 with conversion to yellow-green light by layer 102 would result in a white light source. Other colors of light can be obtained by doping the titanium oxide or sub-oxide with other rare earth ions.
In general, layer 102 can be formed of any TixOy layer or rare earth doped TixOy layer according to the present invention. As illustrated here, layers of various compositions of TixOy, with or without rare-earth doping, have various properties. In some embodiments of the invention, x can be between about 1 and about 4 and y can be between about 1 and about 7.
In this example, Ti4O7 films were deposited using a Pulse DC scanning magnetron PVD process as was previously described in U.S. application Ser. No. 10/101,341. The target was a about 1 mm thick, about 16.5�12.5 mm2 tiles of titanium oxide target obtained from a sheet of Ebonex™ which compounded of bulk Ti4O7 was bonded onto a backing plate. Ebonex™ can be obtained from Atraverda Ltd., Oakham Business Park, Mansfield, UK. A pulsed DC generator from Advanced Energy (Pinnacle Plus) was used as the target power supply. The pulsing frequency can be varied from 0-350 KHz. Reversed duty cycle can be varied from 1.3 μs to 5 μs depending on the pulsing frequency. Target power was fixed at 2 KW and pulsing frequency was 200 KHz during deposition, Ar flow rate is 100 sccm. The deposition rate at this condition is 14 Å/sec over a 40 by 50 cm substrate 101. A 100 W at 2 MHz bias was supplied to the substrate. The bias power supply can be an RF supply produced by ENI.
Utilizing the above parameters, a layer 102 of
In this example, TiO2 films were deposited using a 2 MHz RF biased, Pulse DC scanning magnetron PVD process as was previously described in U.S. application Ser. No. 10/101,341. The substrate size can be up to 600�720 mm2. The target was a ˜7 mm thick, ˜630�750 mm2 Ti plate of 99.9% purity. A pulsed DC generator, or PDC power supply from Advanced Energy (Pinnacle Plus) was used as the target power supply. The pulsing frequency can be varied from 0-350 KHz. Reversed duty cycle can be varied from 1.3 μs to 5 μs depending on the pulsing frequency. An ENI RF generator and ENI Impedance matching unit were used for the substrate bias. A 100 W with a 2 MHz RF generator, which-can be an EFI supply, was utilized. The chamber base pressure was kept below 2�10−7 Torr. The substrate temperature was below 200� C. during deposition.
A systematic DOE (design of experiments) were carried out on both n++ type bare Si wafers and Al metallized wafers. All n++ wafers were HF cleaned just before loading into the chamber for deposition. A series of 150 nm thick, Al films were deposited onto the bare Si wafers using the same PVD system at low temperature (<100� C.).
The total PDC target power, pulsing frequency, oxygen partial pressure, and substrate bias power were variables in the DOE. Total gas flow of Ar and O2 were kept constant at 100 sccm. The PDC target power was between 4 and 7 kW with a pulsing frequency of between 100 and 250 kHz. The oxygen flow rate ranged from 30 to 60%. The bias power ranged from 0 to 300 W at 2 Mhz. Both dielectric strength and breakdown voltage were measured using a mercury probe. Film thickness in this DOE range from 100 nm to 270 nm.
Therefore, with reference to
However, this roll-off effect can be greatly reduced or eliminated in certain embodiments of the present invention.
A layer of TiO2 was deposited on a titanium coated substrate. About 2000 Å of Ti metal was deposited at 7 KW of PDC target power, with Ar flow of 100 sccm and bias power of 200 W. After Ti deposition, TiO2 was deposited in the same chamber without oxide burn in. This process resulted in a Ti-TiOy—TiO2 (y<2) film stack. The k value of a 200 Å film was as high as 60.
Table I shows the effects of the dielectric properties of TiO2 deposited according the present invention in comparison with previously obtained values. The values for the previously obtained reactive sputtering was taken from the paper "Frequency-Dependent Pulsed Direct Current magnetron Sputtering of Titanium Oxide Films," by J. Y. Kim et al., J. Vac. Sci. Techn., A 19(2), March/April 2001. The values for PDC PVD with bias was experimentally obtained from layers deposited as described in Example 2 above.
TABLE I Vbd Process (Mv/cm) K FM Reactive Sputtering 0.46˜1.35 34˜65.9 19˜50 PDC physical Vapor 3.48 83 288 Deposition with Bias
As can be seen from Table I, the breakdown voltage Vbd is significantly improved in layers according to the present invention. Further, the dielectric constant of the resulting layer is also higher. The figure of merit (FM) then for the deposited layer was 288, very much higher than that report by Kim et al. The reference Kim et al. was the reference reporting the best quality TiO2 films available at the time of filing of the prior application to which this disclosure claims priority.
However, combined with the use of a conductive sub-oxide and the higher dielectric constant of thinner films as shown in
Table II tabulates data taken from a number of bi-layer film such as that shown in
TABLE II Film C Breakdown Thickness Vbd (pF/ Voltage Film (nm) k (MV/cm) FM mm2) (V) Morphology 969 63 3.6 227 540 348 Bi-layer 1036 62 6.4 396 538 660 Amorphous 2020 98 3.5 335 429 705 Bi-Layer 2322 98 5.5 539 429 1110 Amorphous
Therefore, it is clear that amorphous TiO2 films have much better performance. As discussed above, those layers are the result of low temperature depositions. Therefore, as was demonstrated with the data shown in Table II, one method of producing thick amorphous TiO2 layers is to simply utilize a sequence of low temperature depositions, halting the deposition prior to thermal heating of the depositing film. However, this method can take a significant amount of production time for thick films. Another embodiment of obtaining thick TiO2 amorphous films is to apply active cooling to the substrate in an amount sufficient to provide continuously amorphous TiO2 films.
As can be seen in
TABLE III Thickness Before Anneal Anneal (� C.) After Anneal 5000 Å 6704 150 5809 5000 Å 6493 200 4042 5000 Å 6669 250 2736 5000 Å 6493 300 3983 1 μm 6884 150 6743 1 μm 5197 200 3685 1 μm 6253 250 3612 1 μm 5324 300 3381
According to some explanations of the reduction of leakage current in layers as illustrated by
As can be seen from the data in Table III, an erbium doped layer of titanium oxide was shown to fluoresce strongly under optical excitation by light of a wavelength 580 nm, using a Phillips PhotoLuminescence Microscope, model no. PLM-100. The target was electrically conductive and sputtered at a higher rate and a lower oxygen partial pressure than characteristic of a metallic titanium target. One example of the 10% doped film of 2,032 angstroms was 60 sccm Ar, 6 sccm O2, with a target power of 3 kW, bias power of 100 W, with a deposition time of 300 sec.
The level of photoluminescence observed from the layer was similar to that obtained in as-deposited and annealed films providing commercial levels of optical absorption and fluorescence for applications to planar waveguide amplifiers having at least 15 dB gain for signals as weak as −40 dB at the 1.5 micron wavelength utilized for photonic C band communications.
Such a device can be illustrated with
Thin films according to the present invention can be utilized in advanced display devices, electrical energy storage and conversion, and to form optical and electronic films with scratch resistance and barrier properties. Advanced display product applications include OLED encapsulation, barriers for flexible polymer substrates, outcoupling mirrors and anti-reflection coatings, transparent conducting oxides, and semiconducting materials for active matrix displays. Electrical energy storage and conversion applications include high density capacitor arrays for mobile communication devices, on-chip high "K" capacitors for advanced CMOS, and high voltage energy storage for portable power devices. Other applications include touch-sensitive devices and durable bar code scanners and see-through sensors as well as implantable biometric devices.
The embodiments described in this disclosure are examples only and are not intended to be limiting. Further, the present invention is not intended to be limited by any particular theory or explanation presented to explain experimental results. As such, examples of titanium oxide and titanium sub-oxide films illustrated herein and their applications are not intended to be limiting. One skilled in the art may contemplate further applications or films that are intended to be within the spirit and scope of the present invention. As such, the invention is limited only by the following claims.
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Sep 2, 2005
|Nov 23, 2010
|Springworks, Llc
|Deposition of perovskite and other compound ceramic films for dielectric applications
|Sep 18, 2012
|Jun 3, 2014
|Intermolecular, Inc.
|Leakage reduction in DRAM MIM capacitors
|U.S. Classification
|428/469, 428/472, 428/702, 428/701, 204/192.15
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Nov 19, 2007
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Routebeschrijving naar Mayan Hostel 1
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- Kaart & Route
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Kaart & Route
From the Cancun International Airport there are three alternatives:
1 - ADO Bus, this bus drops passengers off right in the center, and our Hostel is just one block from the station. The name of this street are AV stations. AV Tulum with hand corner. Uxmal, the Hostel is located across the AV. Uxmal about 50meters.
2 - Airport Taxi, definitely not recommended by their high cost. Also purchased the tiket at the airport, his path is by AV. Luis Donaldo Colocio to get downtown by AV. Tulum.
3 -By car from the airport:
Leaving the airport is the first Luisdonaldo Colosio Avenue in towards the center of the city of Cancun, this avenue becomes Tulum.
To reach Uxmal turn left where you can easily identify that there's the ADO bus station.
Again turn left on Daisy Street.


text:
Danish designer Annemette Beck takes a creative new approach to textile design by utilizing an extremely inventive array of recycled materials. Her line of woven products include rugs, upholstery, fabrics, runners, blinds and even room dividers made from materials such as rubber, paper and metal. Beck's experimental textiles showcase materials that can be salvaged and re-used — we are especially fond of the woven recycled bicycle tire area rug pictured above.
Beck's materials include but are not limited to paper yarn, rubber, silver, copper brass stainless steel threads, lurex, crystals, coated polyester, recycled bicycle tubes, plant fibers, wool, and linen. All of the fabrics are hand-made or factory woven and are all custom-made. Becks approach is simple and based upon Danish design principles — she celebrates the materials by removing anything that is unnecessary and leaving only what is essential. The designs tell a clear and distinct story with each independent construction.
Via daily TONIC
4 Comments
March 27, 2011 at 6:50 pm
What's the
August 24, 2010 at 5:02 pm
[…] amazing art installations are yet another reason why we never "tire" of seeing recycled rubber used as a building material! The international collective of tire crafters was recently invited to […]
June 21, 2010 at 2:51 pm
Those aren\'t bicycle tires. They\'re the innertubes. The tires would be far too stiff and inflexible for this use.
June 17, 2010 at 8:38 pm
[…] How to make panniers out of recycled materials for $10 – Area rug made from recycled bicycle tires – Bike chain bottle opener – Bike tube dog […]


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Celebrate the nation's greatest playoff tournament with color, style, and amazing historic flair! This is the NCAA's official event poster published to commemorate the 2014 tournament, culminating in Final Four weekend in Dallas on April 5th and 7th. Printed for sale at tournament venues, this amazing design features awesome high-flying slam-dunk action, the official North Texas Final Four 2014 logo, and the official athletics logos of the sixty-eight schools who emerged from Selection Sunday with the hope of ending up, eventually, on the championship poster. Event posters like this are always published in limited-quantity, and available for a limited-time only, so don't miss out on adding this one to your wall and your collection!
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