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Customer Reviews for Child Safe Beige / Neutral Graber Cordless
"Absolutely Gorgeous"
By Linda from Windsor, ON
I've already done the windows in both bedrooms before I tackle the most visible (and important) one in the living room. In no time at all I had a whole new look and they are absolutely gorgeous. An easy and economical way to have great-looking and fashionable windows!View this product
"Excellent Product"
By SuzyQ from Kennewick WA
I ordered three blinds for my livingroom, but it took me a month of asking for color samples to get to that point. Blindsgalore replied to my requests for samples very quickly and it was such a great help in making my final choice. I received my order and was very pleased with the quality of the blinds. My husband and I put them up in less than 30 minutes. They look great! I would purchase again in the future.View this product


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ETSU track and field volunteers at local triathlon
Requires Adobe Flash
Wednesday, September 08, 2010
JOHNSON CITY, Tenn. (Sept. 8, 2010) -
Several members and coaches of the men's and women's track and field teams spent their labor day helping at the Barberitos Winged Deer Triathlon at Winged Deer Park in Johnson City, Tenn.
"We had a lot of fun helping serve the community in this way," said assistant coach
Eli Sunquist
. "Although it was an early morning, everyone had a great attitude, and everyone was able to use their talents to help make this event a success. It was also a great team building event for our kids, many of which are new to the program this year."
The event was put on by the Tri Cities Triathlon Club and had 142 registered participants, ranging in age from 14 to 66 and coming from multiple states, including Tenn., N.C., S.C., Va. and beyond. Members of the track and field team helped with various tasks including registration, setup, traffic control and cleanup after the event.
For more information on Buccaneer track and field, visit
Copyright ©2015 East Tennessee State Athletics. All Rights Reserved.

subset: commoncrawl


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Piaget Altiplano watch
Ref : Watch G0A36128
Piaget Altiplano watch, 34 mm. Case in 18K white gold set with 72 brilliant-cut diamonds (approx. 0.5 ct). Dial set with 574 brilliant-cut diamonds (approx. 1.7 ct) with hour markers in 18K white gold. Buckle set with 23 brilliant-cut diamonds (approx. 0.04 ct). Manufacture Piaget 430P ultra-thin hand-wound mechanical movement.
Metal: White gold
Metal weight (gr): 32.9
Strap type: Alligator
Strap colour: Black
Strap buckle: Ardillon buckle
Wrist size: 145 mm (min), 178 mm (max)
Case shape: Round
Case diameter: 34 mm
Case thickness: 6.3 mm
Dial material: Precious stones
Dial finishing: Gem set
Index: Batons
Waterproofness: 03 ATM
Movement: Hand-wound mechanical
Precious stones: Diamond
Should you have any questions about Piaget luxury watches, please call us at +44 800 279 51 10 or Email the concierge .
The Altiplano collection is the preferred home of the ultra-thin movements that are synonymous with the Piaget name. Sober and elegant by nature, its lends itself magnificently to the form of jewellery expression that Piaget masters with its universally renowned expertise. Proposed as part of a pair in association with the version with a 38 mm diameter, this 34 mm Piaget Altiplano watch presents a circular paved dial, perfectly crafted at the Manufacture. The quality of the gem-setting, the purity of the design and the refinement of the details - applied gold hour markers and an exclusive folding clasp set with a fine row of diamonds - contribute towards the absolute elegance of this white gold watch set with diamonds, which houses the 430P calibre.
430P movement
A direct descendant of the legendary 9P movement, the 430P is an ultra-thin hand-wound mechanical movement, measuring only 2.1 mm thick. It offers numerous possibilities in terms of variations and it served as the model for the 600P, the world's thinnest tourbillon movement. Simple, sturdy and ultra-thin, the movement features central hour and minute functions. It perfectly exemplifies the attention Piaget accords to its finishes, with the traditional circular Côtes de Genève, circular-grained mainplate, bevelled bridges and blued screws.
Shape: Round
Functions: Minutes, Hours
Technical features: Balance stop
Power reserve (in hours): Approx. 43
Frequency (vph): 21,600
Frequency (Hz): 3
Diameter (lines): 9.00
Diameter (mm): 20.5
Number of jewels: 18
Thickness (mm): 2.1
Number of components: 131
Finishing: Circular-grained mainplate, Bevelled bridges, Circular Côtes de Genève, Blued screws
Manufacture Piaget 430P ultra-thin hand-wound mechanical movement.


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- 2 Seater with Arm :: Length 183cm :: Depth 105cm :: Height 72cm / 95cm when headrest is up
- Armless 2 Seater :: Length 140cm :: Depth 105cm :: Height 72cm / 95cm when headrest is up
- Chaise :: Length 130cm :: Depth 180cm :: Height 72cm / 95cm when headrest is up
- Corner :: Length 115cm :: Depth 115cm :: Height 72cm
When arranged, this beautiful Fidarsi corner modular leather sofa lounge is 2.98 meters x 3.85 meters (across the back of the lounge) x 1.80 meters (length of chaise).
The luxurious Fidarsi Luciano leather sofa lounge setting exudes contemporary style and sophistication. Featuring soft, supple luxurious leather, adjustable headests for added comfort and complimented with display compartments, this beautiful Fidarsi leather lounge setting is a necessary addition to any modern family home or bachelor pad. Extremely generous in size and boasting an aura of modern Italian style, this beautiful Fidarsi leather sofa lounge setting is essential to suit your modern decor. Italian Cowhide leather is used on all seating, backrest and armrest areas with synthetic elsewhere. The side compartments will be the same colour as the lounge.
Prepared using only the most exquisite materials sourced globally, each piece of the Fidarsi designer furniture collection is meticulously hand crafted with uncompromising attention to detail. In fact, we are so certain that you will fall in love with this designer furniture setting that we offer a 7 day, 100% money back guarantee!
If for any reason you wish to return your furniture setting within 1 week, simply notify us in writing via email and return your purchase to us in its original packaging. We will stand by our word, no questions asked. And that's a promise :) (Shipping charges and credit card fees are non refundable)
Your comfort is our satisfaction. The Fidarsi designer furniture collection is accompanied with a 1 year warranty protecting you against manufacturing defects on the leather, fabric and the frame of your purchase. In the unlikely event that this may occur, the team at Fidarsi Furniture will attend to these at no cost to our valued clients.
Leather Lounges and Beds Only
Our 5 Year Warranty encompasses accidental issues that may arise from everyday living including unintentional rips, tears, burns and spills to the leather components.
A variety of stain inclusions to leather components including grease, tar, cosmetics, glue, ink and wax.
You are also protected against cigarette burns to the leather components of your setting.
You or your partner accidentally spills nail polish / red wine / food or bevarages on the leather of your setting.
Should any of the above occur, simply call toll free. A care technician will be dispatched to your home at your convenience to evaluate and carry out the required repairs at no cost to you.
Apart from the initial 5 year extended warranty fee ($249) all visits, repairs to the leather components and materials are provided FREE to you for the duration of 5 years! And it's not just a piece of paper. Your 5 year extended warranty includes a cleaning and care kit to take care of the little incidents. If you do require further information about the extended warranty, please ask :-)
All extended 5 year warranties must be issued at the time of your purchase.
Wicker Furniture Only
Your comfort is our satisfaction. The Fidarsi designer furniture collection is accompanied with a 3 year warranty protecting you against manufacturing defects on the frame of your purchase. In the unlikely event that this may occur, the team at Fidarsi Furniture will attend to these at no cost to our valued clients.
Rest assured, Don't Panic! We are here to help, always :)
We work around the clock to deliver an exceptional customer experience and endeavour to be of assistance via telephone or email. Try us :)
Email: Contact Fidarsi
Telephone: 0404-408-820
Our refund policy encompasses a 7 day, 100% money back guarantee which is offered on all our products. Credit Card transaction fees and shipping charges are non refundable. Buyers are to pay for the return shipping and products must be in new condition complete with packaging.
Italian Cowhide leather is used on all seating, backrest and armrest areas of lounge settings with synthetic elsewhere. Assembly (attaching the legs to the lounge) is required.
Italian Cowhide leather is used on the front surface of the headboard with synthetic leather elsewhere. Assembly is required.
White leather shades are not a stark, porcelain colour
Cushion covers for outdoor furniture is creamy-white in complexion.
As our furniture is handmade, there may be slight variances (up to 15%) in the measurements listed online.
Photos alongside our advert illustrate the product. The colour or shade may vary slightly due to your monitor resolution.
While all care is taken, any errors or omissions in the item listings and descriptions is unintentional.


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Academic research could be strengthened by thinking more and doing less.
Polymerase Pieces
December 1, 2014|
Researchers discover a new subunit of a bacterial RNA polymerase—as well as hints of its potential role in defending against viruses.
December 1, 2014|
Researchers discover a new subunit of a bacterial RNA polymerase—as well as hints of its potential role in defending against viruses.
November 19, 2014|
Bacteria in the gut of a pregnant mouse strengthen the blood-brain barrier of her developing fetus.
November 19, 2014|
A murine norovirus appears to recover some of the functions of commensal bacteria in the guts of germ-free or antibiotic-treated mice.
November 19, 2014|
Researchers discover a densovirus that is strongly associated with sea star wasting disease.
November 17, 2014|
A single intimate smooch can transfer upwards of 80 million bacteria.
November 14, 2014|
Funding for African science; microbiome studies may have contamination worries; mind-controlled gene expression; DNA record keeper
November 11, 2014|
Sequencing study reveals low levels of microbes in lab reagents that can create big problems for some microbiome studies.
November 7, 2014|
The right mix of mouse embryonic stem cells in a dish will start forming early embryonic patterns, according to two studies.
October 17, 2014|
Frequent airplane travel may contribute to obesity by throwing off circadian rhythms and changing the composition of the intestinal microbiome, according to a new study.
October 5, 2014|
A small peptide helps a silencing construct home in on the adipocytes of obese mice.


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Now we're email buddies!
You have chosen to receive our #NAMED_LISTS# newsletters at #EMAIL_ADDRESS#. You will receive an e-mail shortly confirming your subscription. So excited to have you!
Refinery 29
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Since we're in store for oven-like temps this week (90 degrees? Don't even tell us you haven't been tempted to call in sick!), we thought we'd cool you off with some synchronized-swimming-style starlets! If you've been privileged to attend one of the glam events the acrobatic Aqualillies put on, then you know just how much finesse and mad skills these ladies possess. Treading is hard enough, man, let alone looking flawless doing it! If you haven't caught the underwater act, the gals host classes at the Annenberg Beach House that will throw your abs into the deep end (think muscle-lengthening and toning exercises like sculling, layouts, ballet legs, torpedoes, tucks, and marching)!
And, it turns out their graceful, gutsy moves translate well on camera, too, because we have smoking-hot snaps of them outside of the pool providing just as much entertainment. Don't worry, we scooped their beauty tricks (legit waterproof mascara anyone?), too. Click through our chlorinated adventure with the troupe, and we guarantee you'll either be trying to book them for a backyard party, or enrolled in classes, stat!
Photographed by Lani Trock


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New for 2015! We now have on-line credit card processing available for payment of Commercial Exhibitor Booth Space and Food Vendor fees. (Commercial Exhibitors, please confirm booth space availability, and amount associated, prior to making payment. Call the fair office at 503-585-9998.)Make Payment
1. Click on this link for a copy of the Commercial Exhibitor Application. Print the document, complete, and return to us. 2. Click on this link for a copy of the Rules Governing Commercial Exhibits. All applicants must agree to these parameters.3. Our event is held on the Oregon State Fairgrounds, 2330 17th St NE Salem, OR 4. Click on the links below to choose a booth location. Outside Grounds Inside Exhibit Hall (Select from booths 101-177 only)
Other options to obtain an application: E-mail us (including your name and mailing address) and request an application packet be emailed you or, Call 503-585-9998 (leaving your name and mailing address) and request an application be mailed to you.


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The best team in the league ends up with the win tonight and its 19th of the season!!!!!!!!
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The best team in the league ends up with the win tonight and its 19th of the season!!!!!!!!
Last edited by Trophy; 12-10-2013 at 09:38 PM.
Dominant win.
The Lost Season
That extra gear?
We got it
The Lost Season
Statement game. Eat up haters, enjoy that crow
Sent from my iPhone using Tapatalk - now Free
That was a championship caliber performance in the second half.
Please forgive me Roy, I really wondered if it wasn't better to let you go to Portland...
I'm glad Paul George pulled through.
"We've got to be very clear about this. We don't want our players hanging around with murderers," said Larry Bird, Pacers president.
We kind of sucked. 21 turnovers? This team can be so much better. So careless.
Oh, yeah, good win and all. Third time this season that the entire team has been exasperated with frustration at the officials. We're 3-0 in these games.
3 games up on Miami for the 1 seed.
Bwahahaha.... I love it. Great win.
Only thing that could have made it better is if somebody karate-chopped LeBron in the neck. But I kinda wonder if somebody did and it didn't get picked up on TV. The dude just wilted after that hit on Roy.
Welcome to Pacers Digest! New around here? Here are three tips for making the forum a great place to talk about Pacers basketball.
- Log in. Even if you want to read instead of post, it's helpful because it lets you:
- Change your signature options. You can hide all signatures by choosing "Settings" (top right) then "General Settings" (middle left) and unchecking the box "Show Signatures" (in the "Thread Display Options" area).
- Create an ignore list. I know it may seem unneighborly. But you're here to talk about the Pacers, not argue with someone who's just looking for an argument. Most of the regular users on here make use (at least occasionally) of the "Ignore" feature. Just go to "Settings" -> "Edit Ignore List" and add the names.
Enjoy your time at PD!
Held the Heat to thier three lowest scoring quarters of the year (17, I am not going to count that garbage time 3 by Allen at the end, where he would have been held scorless against the Pacers in I believe 3 games over the past two seasons)... Fools gold anyone??
On the Lance bandwagon
This was a championship fight, but it really had a bizarre ending to it.
Before the road trip everybody said he would be happy with a 4-2 if that included a win against Miami, here we are !
4 games up actually counting tie breaker.
"Sometimes, when you look Andy in the eyes, you get a feeling somebody else is driving." -- David Letterman
That team better fire up Google to find an answer for Roy.
Hey Chalmers, remember when you said our Pacers didn't play y'all yet this season? Well...how about now?
follow me @TruenoPanda - lets talk Pacers!
Thoroughly enjoyed the game, not so much the 1st half. I kept saying if the Pacers could get it down to around 7 points at half time they could win this game.
Disappointed in OJ and Mahimni's play. I expected more from them this year.
We won ECF Game 8
If you can't make a statement in December, locking down the champs after weathering an opening haymaker is whatever you can do in December.— Hardwood Paroxysm (@HPbasketball) December 11, 2013
After a relentless road trip, we come back and beat the defending champs.
The Lost Season
Sent from my iPhone using Tapatalk - now Free
Our team bounced back after the defeat in Oklahoma and the bad start in the first quarter and proved that we have mettle. Great win. Exactly what I wanted to see. Thanks a lot, guys.
The road trip was officially a success now
Tonight, all flags must burn, in place of steeples.
Autonomy must return into the hands of the people.


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The award-winning Lokschuppen arts centre in Rosenheim, Bavaria, has teamed up with leading German marine research institutes to present the TIEFSEE - DEEP SEA exhibition (on show now until 4 November 2012). Experts, enthusiasts and indeed the whole family can learn more about our underwater worlds from around 60 original specimens, a host of deep sea species in model form, live animals such as giant octopuses and phosphorescent fish, and real lava from the ocean floor. There are also a number of hands-on stations for children and young people to experiment and learn by doing.
Suchen, Nachschlagen, Informieren. Hier finden Sie alles, damit Sie immer "auf dem Laufenden" sind.


text: News Proponents of Measure 80, the Marijuana Legalization Measure, were in our office last week for their editorial endorsement interview. (The opponents were represented by Umatilla County Sheriff John Trumbo, who was on speakerphone). For those in favor of Measure 80, one of the dicier issues is kids—will passage of this measure encourage more children to use marijuana? In this clip, Roy Kaufmann, ... More


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Best Dancer in Amarillo? Watch This Dude OWN The Dance Floor
We don't know if this dude spotted at Guitars and Cadillacs the other night loves like he'll never be hurt or sings like nobody's listening, but he sure does dance like nobody's watching and we love him for it.
This fella was spotted working the dance floor on Wednesday night, and he completely made it his own. Notice how he's so in tune with the music, he doesn't even notice the two ladies trying to get in on those sweet moves? Ladies, you're beautiful, but stand back and let the man work it.
We're not sure if the moves he brings are officially "How to Dougie," but we're pretty sure we want him to teach the world how to do it.


text: Quick View DISNEY FROZEN SPARKLE ELSA DOLL by Mattel Out of stock online $26.95 Elsa and the adventurous Kristoff, from the new Disney film Frozen, capture the essence of their beloved characters with outfits and details recognizable from the film. Elsa sparkles in an ethereal gown, with a look both as delicate as a snowflake and as majestic as her own icy powers. A scoop… See Details $26.95 was $26.95


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. Spectacular view lot in the Vinyards at the Lake Club in Lakewood Ranch. The lot is on a cul-de-sacMore info
. Multiple possibilities as an investment property or build your dream home on an estate sized lot. TMore info
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5 bed, 12 full bath. Ready to be subdivided into 3 premium waterfront home sites. This is a once in a lifetime opportuniMore info
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. The premier lot in The Lake Club is now for sale! This 1. 2+ acre lakefront and cul-de-sac home sitMore info
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Thompson Center Hawken Hunter Muzzleloader Rifle Scope 1x 32mm Centerplex Reticle Matte
Product #: 670651 Thompson Center #: 8658 UPC #: 090161012844
- Information
With a growing trend to scope muzzleloaders, Thompson Center, one of the oldest and most respected names in muzzleloaders offers this complete line of high quality scopes. Thompson Center's Hawken Series of scopes provides an array of magnifications for Eastern and Western hunters. Features include fully coated optics, ability to withstand magnum recoil, offer a wide field of view and are covered under a Factory Limited Lifetime Warranty.
Technical Information
Tube Diameter: 1"
Objective Diameter: 39.6mm
Ocular Diameter: not listed by manufacturer
Adjustment Click Value: 1/4 minute of angle
Eye Relief: 3.8"
Field of View at 100 Yards:
60' @ 1x
Lens Coating: Coated Optics
Length: 9.5"
Weight: 10.2 oz.
Blackpowder rifle scope
Limited Lifetime Warranty - Warrants the product to be free of defects in materials and workmanship for as long as the
product is owned by the original owner.
Technical Information
Tube Diameter: 1"
Objective Diameter: 39.6mm
Ocular Diameter: not listed by manufacturer
Adjustment Click Value: 1/4 minute of angle
Eye Relief: 3.8"
Field of View at 100 Yards:
Lens Coating: Coated Optics
Length: 9.5"
Weight: 10.2 oz.
Delivery Information
The total weight of the product, including the product's packaging as it sits on our shelf. Since some products ship directly from the Manufacturer, their weight may be unavailable. Because of variations in the manufacturing process, similar products may have differing weights. Unless the product is designated as "Ships Alone", Shipping Weight does not include the shipping box or packing materials associated with your order.
Product ships from MidwayUSA, separate from any other products on your order due to its size. Products that are Shipped Alone incur separate "Per Order" and "Per Pound" shipping charges.
Product is regulated by the US Department of Transportation (DOT) and cannot be shipped via USPS or air shipping methods. DOT-Regulated products must ship UPS Ground.
Product is restricted by shipping carriers and cannot be shipped to certain locations or via certain shipping methods.
Additional shipping charge for HazMat products. Carriers charge extra to ship packages with products they consider hazardous, such as reloading powder and primers.
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The statements and opinions expressed within Customer Reviews reflect each author's personal perspective and do not imply endorsement by MidwayUSA, its Employees or any other organization. Customers should in no way infer that MidwayUSA has validated review information as safe, accurate or appropriate.
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a canopy on the stadium looks weird.
a canopy on the stadium looks weird.
I am accustomed to the heat and the sun, I like it. If I didn't like it, I wouldn't live in South Florida. Having said that, the air-conditioned tailgating area sounds alright.
Personally I still think the #1 issue with the stadium is the product on the field. It hasn't been good enough. I think people will be surprised at how full that stadium would get if we were competing for division titles and getting a bye that first week coming home for a playoff game in January. I know for a fact that place would be sold out and loud as hell.
The Marlins needed a roof, because they play in undesireable conditions in the middle of the summer and it rains on top of it and delays the games . . . the Dolphins don't need a damn roof.
1. Melvin Gordon RB
2. Bernardrick McKinney ILB
3. Steve Nelson CB
4. John Miller G
5. Adrian Amos FS
5. Kenny Bell WR
I dunno, if Ross came out and said this is the stadium plans . . . I'd be all for it . . . the fact that the taxpayers are going to have to come outta pocket again after getting burnt by the Marlins . . . I don't see it happening. If Ross is smart, he's puts more resources into getting the product on the field fixed . . . and after some time as passed, maybe the Marlins start competing and he can just come up with a set of plans for a brand new stadium, forget a rennovated one.
He'll have more pull with a winning Marlins and Dolphins team . . . this is almost a joke with the timing.


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1984 was a great year for movies in general, but this weekend thirty years ago was especially noteworthy.
At the movies. This wkd. 1984. Ghostbusters Gremlins Indiana Jones - Temple of Doom The Karate Kid Star Trek III The Natural Police Academy
— Stay Puft (@staypuft) June 20, 2014
The Stay Puft Marshmallow Man's facts check out.
Other big years for cinema? 1977. 1994. 1999. Personally, 1993 has always stood out in my mind; I used to think it was a microgenerational thing, but it looks like I'm not the only one.
H/t Kottke


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Nb: infants must be under the age of 2 and
children must be under the age of 12 at the time of
Located just outside the centre of the town, the Vitalhotel Gosau offers excellent facilties and relaxation with its extensive spa and wellness area, they also have bar and a lounge area to unwind after a days skiing. Also with a children's play room and games room its a great choice for families. With only a minutes walk to the ski bus stops and with a cross country skiing track next door to the hotel, it is in an ideal location.
Rooms: for 2 people on half board sharing a room with Austrian twin beds, private shower or bath and WC. Studio rooms with balcony, sleeping up to 3 are available at a supplement. Family rooms sleeping up to 4 (max 3 adults or 2 adults and 2 children) with separate bedroom, lounge area with sofa bed and balcony are also available at a supplement. All bedrooms have hairdryer, minibar, safe, satellite TV and are non smoking.
Iglu acts as a travel agent for disclosed principals/tour operators, further details
of which will be made available at the time of booking. Your holiday contract will
be bound by the tour operators terms and conditions.
Prices are shown for a basic room or unit, can be subject to change and are indicative
until time of booking. Please call on 020 8544 7114 for prices for other travel
and room options for this property.
Prices shown are per person per week based on maximum occupancy. Descriptions and
quality ratings are provided by the Tour Operator (or one of the Tour Operators
where similar holidays are offered by more than one supplier). We reserve the right
to make minor adjustments to the description or rating based on staff and customer
feedback. For payments by credit card, a 2.5% credit card charge (4% for AMEX) will
be added to your invoice. If you pay by a UK issued debit card, there is no charge.
All bookings are subject to a £5 per person Passenger Admin Fee charged by Iglu.com.


text:
The blog of the Houston Chronicle Editorial Board
Posts filtered on Tag
Our endorsements for 2013
Early voting begins today for the Nov. 5 general elections. The Chronicle urges you to vote. The Chronicle editorial board urges you to follow our list of endorsements for candidates and propositions. City of Houston, General Election Mayor Annise D. Parker Houston City Council District A: Brenda Stardig District B: Jerry Davis District D: Anthony […] [Read More]


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Volleyball earns tournament title after sweeping Hampton and South Carolina State
Requires Adobe Flash
Saturday, September 25, 2010
DURHAM, N.C. (Sept. 25, 2010) -
The ETSU volleyball team won the title at the North Carolina Central Tournament by defeating Hampton and South Carolina State on Saturday, to finish with a perfect 4-0 record for the weekend at McDougald-McLendon Gym on the campus of N.C. Central.
"Overall a strong weekend of blocking as a team," said ETSU head coach
Lindsey Devine
. "The team is recognizing that when we are aggressive at the net it creates big momentum plays."
The Bucs have now won their second tournament title of 2010 after winning the Radford University Tournament earlier in the season. The Bucs are now 14-5 on the season and they are off to their best start to a season since 2006.
ETSU dominated the event both offensively and defensively as they outhit each of their four opponents, while also out-blocking all four opponents. The Bucs continue to excel at the net as they finished with a 44-15 advantage in blocks for the weekend.
Alysa Long
(Romulus, Mich.) was named Tournament MVP, while
Whitney Cogburn
(Kingsport, Tenn.) was named to the All-Tournament Team.
ETSU 3, Hampton 0 (25-23, 25-16, 25-21)
Megan Devine
(Kingsport, Tenn.) led the Bucs offensively with 11 kills (11-5-19), while hitting .316. Cogburn had a well-rounded match of 27 assists, five kills, four digs and two blocks.
Kiley Tamblyn
(Torrance, Calif.) led the ETSU defense with 10 digs to go along with three assists and two service aces.
The Bucs finished with a .225-.156 advantage in hitting, while finishing with an 8.0-7.0 in blocking. ETSU continues to lead the A-Sun in that category.
In the opening set, Hampton jumped out to a quick start as they led for much of the set. With the Pirates up 18-15, The Bucs turned it up and put together a string of four straight points to take a one point lead at 19-18. With the score tied 22-22, ETSU tacked on two points to make it set point. Following an ETSU attack error that cut their lead to two, junior
McKayla Barber
(Columbus, Ind.) provided the Bucs with a kill that would give them the 25-23 opening set victory.
The second set started out in back and forth fashion as the score was tied 10-10. However, the Bucs went on a 15-6 run from that point on to take the set 25-16.
With the Bucs needing to win one more set to take the match, they jumped out to a big advantage in set number three. ETSU had a 22-16 lead and looked to be close to wrapping up the match; however, Hampton put together four straight points to cut the ETSU lead to 24-21. ETSU senior
Erin Ryan
(Davie, Fla.) responded by closing the match with a kill.
Aaryn Harrison led the Pirates offensively as she recorded a game-high 12 kills (12-3-27), while hitting .333 and adding a game-high six blocks.
ETSU 3, South Carolina State 0 (25-14, 25-20, 25-21)
The trio of Devine (8-4-21), Ryan (8-6-21), and Long led the way for the Bucs in the final match of the day as each recorded eight kills. Long hit for a game-high .615 for the match as she recorded no errors on 13 attempts, while also leading the team with five blocks. Cogburn had another solid performance of 33 assists, four kills, three aces, four digs, and four blocks.
The Bucs outhit S.C. State .250-.06 during the match, while also out-blocking SCSU 7.0-5.0.
ETSU got off to a quick start to the match by controlling the first set the entire way. The Bucs hit .206 in the frame while holding SCSU to a .042 percentage, in taking the set 25-14.
The Bucs again started strong in the second set as they got out to a 15-9 start. The Bulldogs bounced back to cut the lead to one, but the Bucs closed the set strong to take the victory, 25-20.
S.C. State started set number three by taking a quick 6-3 lead. However, the Bucs rallied to tie up the match and eventually take the lead. ETSU closed the match strong to take the 25-21 victory to close out the match.
The Bulldogs were led by Elizabeth Webb as she recorded seven kills in 23 swings, while also adding seven digs. SCSU fell to 4-15 on the season.
ETSU returns to action next Friday as they travel to Buies Creek, N.C. for their Atlantic Sun Conference opener against Campbell. The match is set to begin at 7 p.m.
For more information on the ETSU volleyball team please go to ETSUBucs.com and click on the volleyball link. Also, be sure to follow ETSU Athletics on
Copyright ©2015 East Tennessee State Athletics. All Rights Reserved.


text:
- Ajay Patel
- Stoney Creek
- Canada
This conversation is closed.
Why is Marijuana Illegal while Alcohol is Legal?
We all know that Alcohol is far more dangerous for society and our bodies than Marijuana is. Correct me if i'm wrong about that, but that is my opinion. Alcohol leads to more deaths and violence, far more than Marijuana.
I can continue stating points, but that is not what I am here for. I am here to hear the opinion of everyone else. So fellow TED members, why is Marijuana Illegal and why is Alcohol legal.
Apr 12 2013: I heard this one and thought it was funny. God made weed, man made alcohol. who is the bad one? lol
Lawren Jones
Apr 11 2013: Because alcohol was invented 5 thousand years ago before such laws existed. If it was invented today it would be classified as a class two narcotic.
- +2
Barry Palmer
Apr 12 2013: In the USA, the purpose of making marijuana illegal had little to do with its consumption.
- +1
Hemp can be used to make great rope, clothes and many other products. Hemp would be a major competitor to some very big corporations and the entire cotton industry.
At the time marijuana was made illegal, there was no research to document its physiological affects. The law made ANY possession of marijuana illegal, so that no research could be legally conducted. This was intentional. The people who wanted hemp off the market did not want any research to be conducted. Research might show that the physiological affects would not warrant making it illegal.
Making marijuana illegal was another example of the powerful protecting and protracting the status quo.
Becky Finn
Apr 11 2013: Regardless of Marijuana not being legal, it is still poisoning the minds and bodies of so many. I believe alcohol would be the same. People would still regularly allow it to do damage, the only difference being that they would have to go slightly more out of their way to do so. Look at the huge figures of children under the legal drinking age who drink, the law doesn't stop them.
- +1
Unfortunately, alcohol is something which a lot of people consume a fair amount of and for may it is a normal part of their weekly routine to enjoy a drink. Alcohol is, and has always been, too incorporated into society to be made illegal anytime soon. Similarly to cigarettes, it is also too influential on the economy, it is a huge source of income for governments as it can be heavily taxed.
In my opinion, however much it could potentially benefit society if it were to banned, I think everyone should have the choice to do as they please and if they want to spend their money and time damaging the health they were blessed with then so be it. The argument some people give to exposing themselves to the route of alcohol is to help them cope and relax, yet studies have found that alcohol misuse is a factor in 30% of suicides each year and a huge proportion of A&E and hospital admissions are alcohol related. Sounds to me like they aren't at all helping them. Like I said though, it is personal choice to drink. My personal choice is to not do so.
xoxoxMay 9 2013: Hi Ajay,
I live in the Netherlands, a country where weed is not exactly 'legal', but it is definitely socially accepted.
What makes no sense is that it is legal to purchase marijuana, but not legal to have a supply of it. So the fact that 'coffee shops' (that sell anything but coffee, OR alcohol for that matter) have marijuana to sell is in fact breaking the law - but because people are allowed to buy it, that is more or less overlooked... pretty bizarre method of law enforcement, if you ask me.
It is legal to possess marijuana in Holland, up to a certain amount, for personal use. This, of course, is abused, especially in border areas (like where I live), drug tourism and trafficking is common. Recently, the government introduced a sort of 'library card' for marijuana-users to combat the illegal activity, that one would be required to show when buying weed. The card would record the amount of weed purchased, and if the card holder tried to purchase more than the allowed amount, the card would let the coffee shop owner know, that person was 'maxed out', and would not be allowed to buy any more.
Whether this method actually works, I have no idea.
My personal experience with weed was when I was hit by a car 10 years ago, and couldn't sleep for the excruciating pain, a cup of marijuana tea is what helped me sleep, more so than any man-made pain-killer.
Whatever the case, I live in one of the most peaceful nations in the world, and marijuana is allowed. But I would rather not go out during any big national holiday or football game, for fear of drunken masses.
On yet the other hand, a friend of mine, who suffers from Lupus, recently lost her mother. She told me that, of all the gifts she has received, white wine was by far the most valued, not just for the wonderful numbing effect, but because it raised her blood sugar level enough to literally get her through the day.
Pros and cons to both.Apr 12 2013: Well, people drinking at a party doesn't affect the people around them, whereas marijuana puts a lot of smoke and odor in the air. Alcohol goes well with food, marijuana not quite as much. Alcohol is a little mellower, whereas sometimes when you smoke marijuana you get a little out of control.
Amira M
Apr 13 2013: I disagree with what you said about alcohol being a little mellower and that smoking marijuana gets people out of control. I feel like many people would agree that in reality it's the exact opposite.Apr 12 2013: Ajay,
- +9
Here's my five cents:
Moderate alcohol consumption is perfectly fine for the body - even beneficial. Even used responsibly, marijuana is bad for the lungs (in equal doses, it's actually worse than tobacco, just people don't chain-smoke weed). I have known people who ruin their lives and have liver failure due to alcohol (when used inappropriately), and people who have died of cancer due to smoking marijuana.
Certainly weed has many perfectly good medicinal uses - for pain, depression, anxiety, etc. However it is not a sustainable medication, since it is ultimately harmful to the lungs (when smoked) and simply treats the symptoms rather than the problem. I've always seen it as a good "in between" medication, to be used while you're figuring out how to more directly treat depression, etc. However, the answer is really to find the correct substitute that won't harm the body at all.
Ultimately, the real method of control for any substance is to teach our youth how to use it *properly*, that is, in moderation, for the proper purpose, etc.
Apr 12 2013: check your facts, because even the smallest amount of alcohol has negative effects, and also thc does not hurt the lungs in any way. only the smoke does, which can be avoided by a vaporizer, e-cigarette or simply eating it instead of inhaling.
Apr 12 2013: Krisztián,
I encourage you to look at a couple studies about the benefits of moderate alcohol use: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7206400
Of course, any alcohol during pregnancy/mixed with other drugs/drunk by small children is harmful - I'm not saying that everyone should be drinking.
Perhaps I missed one, but I tried to clarify that I did mean that weed is harmful when smoked.
(I should have made clear in my original comment that I am not pro-illegal-weed, I'm simply putting forth a further opinion in terms of its current illegality.)
Apr 12 2013: then we are both misunderstood. i did not intend to claim that alcohol does not have good effects. i said that it has bad effects as well, even in the smallest amount. namely, for one, it increases the chance of some forms of cancer. it is true that overall it has more good effects than bad when consumed in small quantities.
my point was that you can find counterarguments against alcohol use just as easily, if you try. if you are rational and reasonable, many illegal drugs seem to be just as, if not more acceptable. it is also not hard to show that prohibition does not logically follow from harmfulness, especially if it is light.Apr 12 2013: Ah, then I happily withdraw any aggressively. I agree that many illegal substances are needlessly illegal. As I said the real energy should be put into educating people as to how to use these substances in correct doses and for correct reasons.Apr 12 2013: Good job Laren, but I would not speculate Ajay on the relative merits. My experience is only with alcohol.Apr 12 2013: Don't know
Apr 12 2013: thanks for your reply
pat gilbert
Apr 12 2013: Americans have struggled mightily for generations to overcome the oppressors of imbibing. Perhaps due to the nature of mota it does not render people good at protesting?
- +1
Alcohol renders people good at protesting, they just have a hard time remembering what they are protesting.
Apr 12 2013: maybe we need to invent a combination of drugs that is optimal for protesting.
Adir Zagury
Apr 12 2013: Marjiuana users are more relaxed, so they don't protest, or protest very quietly.
- +2
If someone told a bunch of drunks they can't drink it will be (and was) war.
pat gilbert
Apr 12 2013: Exactly Adir
- +1
But in all reality mota smokers can get quite irate if you try to harsh their mellow.
But overall I agree alcohol is a better performance enhancer when protesting
That is the kind of innovative thinking that Mr Ridley would be proud ofApr 12 2013: Lawren is correct, Alcohol is too deeply imbeded in our colture, while Marijuana was very new to the european force who took over America. But that isn't the whole story, while Alcohol is somewhat hard to preduce, so it is expensive, you can easly get "high as a kite" from home grown Marjiuana at no cost (remember, it is originally a wild weed). This has too effect- one, legal Marjiuana would be consumed at much higher level than Alcohol, and two, no group with power can take money from you (drug and Alcohol componies, the government etc.).Apr 11 2013: This might explain your first query
While alcohol, currently, is more socially acceptable.


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Saturday, August 30, 2003CLARKSVILLE, Tenn. (August 30, 2003) - The Buccaneer soccer team won their first regular season game 3-0 against the Lipscomb Lady Bisons in their first game of the Lady Gov Classic on Friday night. Sophomore Erin Ashton (New Bern, N.C.) led the way for the Bucs with two goals on the night. Ashton opened up scoring in the first half with an unassisted goal at in the 31st minute of the game. Ashton would increase the Buccaneers lead with a goal earned off of a penalty kick six minutes later. With just 1:34 left in the game, freshman Lindsay Hoffman (Frederick, Md.) added the third goal for the Buccaneers on the night. The Lady Gov Classic will continue on Sunday in Clarksville, Tenn. as the Buccaneers take on the Austin Peay Lady Govs on Sunday, Aug. 31st at 2:00 p.m. C.S.T.
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|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Jan 31, 2008
|Filing date
|Jul 7, 2006
|Priority date
|Jul 7, 2006
|Also published as
|Publication number
|William C. Ver Steeg
|Original Assignee
|Scientific-Atlanta, Inc.
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Referenced by (7), Classifications (5), Legal Events (4)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This application is related to the following co-pending U.S. patent applications: Atty. Dkt. No. A-11153 (191930-1800), entitled "Determining Strategy for Multicast and/or Unicast Transmission to Correct Forward Errors"; Atty. Dkt. No. A-11302 (191930-1900), entitled "Requesting Additional Forward Error Correction"; and Atty. Dkt. No. A-11303 (191930-1910), entitled "Buffer for Storing Data and Forward Error Correction (FEC) Code". The related co-pending patent applications listed above are all filed on the same date as, and with the same inventorship as, the present application and are all hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety into the present disclosure.
The present disclosure generally relates to communication systems, and more particularly, the disclosure relates to using forward error correction in a communication system.
In many communication systems, packets of data are transmitted over various types of communication channels between various devices. A data packet usually includes a header, data area, and a trailer, wherein the header contains information that directs the packet to the correct receiver or receivers. The header may also include information that can be used to determine a number of packets being transmitted within a data stream. For example, a sequence number may be used for each packet to indicate the sequence of the packet within the stream. Because of any number of problems that may be encountered in a communication system, however, some packets of data do not reach their intended destinations. When the receiver does not receive certain packets or a certain number of packets as indicated in the header or headers, which can be determined from the sequence numbers, for example, the receiver can determine which packets were missed or the number of packets that were missed. As a result of a receiver missing a number of packets and the information not reaching its intended destination, the integrity of the signals and the communication system as a whole is compromised.
One solution for handling the problem of missed packets is to send "forward error correction" (FEC) code corresponding to the data. The FEC code is typically transmitted immediately after the transmission of data and is applied on a different multicast channel. Depending on the amount of FEC code that is transmitted with the data, the receiver can handle a certain number of missed packets. If a device receiving the data and FEC determines that it missed one or more packets, then the device uses the FEC code to attempt to correct the missing packets and fill in the gaps. If the amount of FEC code is not enough to correct all the errors, the receiver corrects as much as possible and forwards the data stream, with some missing packets, to the next device. In this respect, incomplete data can be transmitted through the communication system, which is undesirable. Also, many receivers do not contain enough memory to handle a larger amount of FEC.
Another solution for handling the problem of missed packets is to allow a receiving device to request for a "re-transmission" of the missed packets. In this case, when a receiver realized that it missed one or more packets, it can send a re-transmission request back to the sender. The sender can then transmit a unicast transmission of the missing packets to the receiver. Although this technique may be acceptable when one receiver requests re-transmission, it may experience difficulties when used in a multicast environment. If a sender transmits copies of the data packets to multiple receivers, the sender may also receive numerous re-transmission requests from multiple receivers, especially if there is a widespread problem affecting many transmissions. Too many requests in this situation can overwhelm the sender. Also, it is difficult for a sender to handle such a large number of requests while at the same time maintain state for all the receivers. An edge device transmitting to multiple receivers in a multicast environment may therefore need to contain complex re-transmission circuitry to handle a potentially large number of requests. Thus, a need exists to address these and other deficiencies and inadequacies of the present technologies to provide forward error correction in a more efficient and less complex manner.
Many aspects of the embodiments disclosed herein can be better understood with reference to the following drawings. Like reference numerals designate corresponding parts throughout the several views.
The present disclosure describes systems and methods for utilizing forward error correction (FEC) in a communication system. The communication system may be any system or network for transferring data, such as, for example, an Internet protocol television (IPTV) network for carrying digital video signals. When one or more data packets do not reach their intended destinations, the communication system attempts to compensate for the missed packets.
A first device of the communication system, referred to herein as a source, sender, transmitter, etc., transmits streams of data packets and may also transmit a certain amount of FEC code. The source transmits to one or more intended recipients, referred to herein as receivers, receiving devices, etc. Data is typically transmitted on one multicast channel while the FEC code is transmitted on a multicast channel different from the transmitted data.
In accordance with the teachings of the present disclosure, when the receiver determines that the FEC code is unable to compensate for missing data packets, the receiver sends a message back to the source including information about the missed packets. The information may include a number of missed packets, a specific identification of the packets that were dropped, or any other suitable message that relays to the source an indication of an error due to dropped or missing packets. In some embodiments, such as a multicast system, for example, the source transmits copies of the data packets to several different receivers. In this case, the source may receive messages concerning dropped packets from many receivers.
In response to receiving the message or messages, the source may perform various functions according to the teachings disclosed in the present application. In some embodiments, the source may send additional FEC to the receiver, or, in the case of a multicast system, to the multicast group of receivers. In conventional systems, a receiver is not able to request additional FEC. However, the present application overcomes this deficiency by allowing the receiver to make such a request if needed. In some embodiments, the source may send redundant data and/or additional FEC in a unicast manner to particular receivers. The source may also determine a strategy for incorporating a combination of multicast and unicast transmission depending on the pattern of error messages from the receivers.
In this way, the source and receivers may more efficiently transmit data packets through the communication system. According to some embodiments, by sending additional FEC only upon request, the communication system can maintain a desirable level of transmitted FEC to correct errors when they occur. By allowing the transmission of additional error correction, the receivers can correct practically any number of missed packets. The communication system may initially transmit a minimum level of FEC code and then add more FEC to the FEC multicast when needed. In this way, the receivers can receive a sufficient amount of FEC to correct detected errors.
For the purpose of illustration, one communication device in
The communication link 14 between the source 12 S and receiver 12 R can be any suitable transmission path or channel and may contain transmission lines, wireless channels, fiber optic, or combinations of these or other types of communication links. Also, other communication devices 12 may be communicatively interposed between the source 12 S and receiver 12 R. In addition, the source and receiver may be located anywhere in the communication system 10 and separated by any distance.
Typically, data is transmitted to a group of receivers in a first multicast group. Initially, the minimum amount of FEC code transmitted with the data is sent in a second multicast group. Normally, the receivers configured to tune to the first multicast group are also configured to tune to the second multicast group to receive both data and the minimum amount of FEC code. Additional FEC code, transmitted upon a request or requests from the receivers, is sent, in most embodiments, on the second multicast channel. In this respect, the volume of FEC on the second multicast channel is increased to supply the additional FEC code to the receivers. However, in some embodiments, the additional FEC may be transmitted on a third multicast channel. Some or all of the receivers may be configured to tune to the third multicast channel in order to receive the additional FEC as needed. The particular use of multicast channels may be dependent upon the last-mile technology of the communication system 10.
In the present disclosure, the source 12 S and receiver 12 R, and portions thereof, can be implemented in hardware, software, firmware, or a combination thereof. If the source 12 S and receiver 12 R contain software or firmware for performing the disclosed functions, the software or firmware may be stored in a memory and executed by a suitable instruction execution system. If implemented in hardware, the source 12 S and receiver 12 R can be implemented, for example, with discrete logic circuitry, an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a programmable gate array (PGA), a field programmable gate array (FPGA), or any suitable combinations of logic components.
A. Source
In this embodiment, the source 12 S includes, among other things, a processor 20, a buffer 22, and a driver 24. Normally, the buffer 22 receives streams of data packets from another source or group of sources. The buffer 22 comprises a number of addressable registers (not shown), each register typically configured to temporarily store a single packet from a stream of data packets. The driver 24 may include any suitable component or combination of components for outputting, driving, or transmitting signals to one or more destination devices. The driver 24 may be configured to communicate with one receiver, or, in the case of a multicast system, to multiple receivers.
The processor 20 is configured to access the packets from the buffer 22 and calculate FEC code. The processor 20 calculates N "portions" of FEC code (where N can be any number), depending on several factors as explained in more detail below. In this disclosure, a first portion of FEC code, designed to overcome one missed data packet, is referred to as "F1". A second portion of FEC code, designed to overcome two missed data packets when used in conjunction with F1, is referred to as "F2". Portions F1-F3 are designed to overcome three missed packets, and so on. The processor 20 calculates N portions of FEC code such that the sum of F1 through FN is capable of handling N missed packets. It should be understood, however, that any suitable algorithms for creating FEC may be used. Also, other algorithms may result in FEC code that requires two or more "portions" to overcome each error.
The processor 20 stores the calculated portions of FEC code (F1 through FN) in additional registers in the buffer 22. The processor instructs the driver 24 to transmit the data packets and FEC from the buffer 22 along the communication link 14 to the receiver 12 R or receivers. Typically, the driver 24 is configured to transmit the FEC immediately before the data, simultaneously with the data, or immediately after the data, on a different multicast channel. In some embodiments, however, the FEC may be interleaved with the data or appended to the data and transmitted on the same multicast channel. However, other transmission techniques may be used as well. Also, the relationship between the time of transmission of the data and the time of transmission of the FEC may be variable and may depend on certain factors as described herein. The amount of FEC that is initially transmitted with the data may be predetermined. For instance, the processor 20 may instruct the driver 24 to output only a minimum amount of FEC code, such as only F1, for example, or even no FEC at all, with the data. In this respect, the remaining FEC code that is not sent with the data is stored in the buffer 22 until needed, if needed at all.
The receiver 12 R receives the data packets and FEC and determines whether or not the initial FEC transmitted with the data is sufficient to correct any detected errors. If so, then the additional FEC in the buffer 22 of source 12 S is not needed, and the processor 20 may delete the unneeded FEC in the buffer 22 or simply allow the registers storing the unneeded FEC code to be overwritten. However, if the receiver 12 R determines that the original FEC is not sufficient to correct all the errors, then the receiver 12 R may send an error indication to the source 12 S, wherein the error indication may be interpreted as a request for additional FEC from the source 12 S. Requests from the receiver 12 R are received by the source 12 S via communication link 26. Communication link 26 may be a dedicated transmission path separate from the communication link 14 or may be associated with the communication link 14.
Upon receiving error indication messages from one or more receivers, the source 12 S performs an analysis of the messages. By analyzing multiple requests, the processor 20 can determine a strategy for transmitting additional FEC portions and/or one or more unicasts of data re-transmissions to a number of specific receivers. For example, the additional FEC portions may be sent in the multicast. The FEC portions may include F2-FX, for example, where F1 is initially transmitted with the data and FX is an Xth FEC code portion of the FN portions where X−1 is the number of additional FEC portions. After analyzing the requests and determining a strategy for correcting errors, the processor 20 instructs the driver 24 to transmit additional FEC and/or data to the receivers. In this example, the processor 20 instructs the driver 24 to transmit F2-FX to a first group of receivers, which may include the receivers in a multicast group in communication with the source 12 S, and to transmit particular data packets to a second group of receivers in one or more unicasts. The first group and second group of receivers may include sets having an overlapping group of receivers or completely distinct sets, depending on the application.
Analysis of the error indications may lead the source 12 S to select from a number of previously created FEC portions to determine one or more portions that are capable of correcting forward errors. Also, a first set of FEC portions may be selected for one group of receivers to correct certain errors and a second set of FEC portions may be selected for another group of receivers to correct other errors. The selected FEC portions may be transmitted to the receivers in a multicast or in one or more unicasts, as needed. The possible strategies for analyzing error indications and determining various strategies for transmitting pre-calculated, selected, or customized FEC and/or redundant data in multicast and/or unicast transmission is virtually endless. Regardless of the strategies developed for sufficient error correction, the source 12 S is capable of changing the depth (as defined by N) of the FEC, substantially in real-time, to provide additional error correction on demand. This capability is not achieved in conventional communication devices.
B. Receiver
The processor 30 accesses the data and FEC from the buffer 32 to determine the condition of the received data. By analyzing the header, or particularly the sequence numbers in the headers of the data packets, to determine the packets that were transmitted, the processor 30 can determine if any packets were not received. For example, the processor 30 can determine either the number of packets that were missed or the specific packets that were missed. The receiver 12 R determines how many packets it can afford to lose and still be within the ability of the FEC to correct the errors. If the initially received FEC is sufficient to recover the missed packet or packets, then the transmission is considered a success. In this case, the data is corrected, if necessary, and transmitted to the next component, if any, in the communication system 10.
If the initially received FEC is not sufficient to recover all missed packets, then the receiver 12 R may send a message to the source 12 S indicating that errors exist in the received packets. Essentially, the message may be considered a request for more FEC code to recover the missing packets. Alternatively, the receiver 12 R may send the error message to a transmitting device other than the source 12 S from which data packets are received. In this respect, the receiver 12 R can join a multicast group that is not directly related to the source of data packets. In other embodiments, the receiver 12 R can download additional FEC code using a file transfer protocol (FTP) type of data exchange. In this case, the receiver 12 R may download from an FTP server not directly related to the source of data packets. Other methods for receiving additional FEC may become apparent to one having ordinary skill in the art in light of the present application. However, to simplify the discussion herein, the error messages or FEC requests are described as being sent to the source 12 S.
The receiver 12 R may be designed such that it does not have the intelligence to know whether it might expect to receive a data unicast or additional FEC from the source 12 S, in response to the request. Instead, the receiver 12 R simply indicates the presence of errors regarding the particular missing packets or number of packets. The processor 30 informs the source 12 S of the need for more FEC by sending an indication message or request along communication link 26. The processor 30 may indicate the number of FEC portions that are needed or indicate which specific packets are missing. When the error message is communicated to the source 12 S, the receiver 12 R can join a particular multicast group to receive any data or FEC that is transmitted on the multicast channel to fill the gaps in the data stream. In response to the message, the source 12 S transmits the missing data or more FEC code to the receiver 12 R, according to the particular embodiments. The input device 34 stores this data or additional FEC in the buffer 32 and the processor 30 can recover or restore the missing packets. When the data packets have been restored, the processor 30 sends the data to the next communication device 12.
In some embodiments, the processor 30 in the receiver 12 R may be configured to calculate new FEC code for the received data and repeat the process that the source 12 S executed to send data to the receiver. In fact, the communication system 10 may include a number of communication devices 12 that act as both the source and receiver, as defined according to the teachings herein, to provide additional FEC upon request as data packets are transmitted through the system. As an alternative to the processor 30 calculating new FEC code, the FEC code received from a previous source and stored in the buffer 32 may be used during the next transmission to the next receiver.
C. Processor
The embodiment of the processor of
The FEC calculating module 38 may include any suitable combination of hardware and/or software to achieve the functions described below. The FEC calculating module 38 may be configured together with the error processing module 40 or other hardware and/or software into one unit or can be divided into multiple units. In general, the FEC calculating module 38 receives the data packets from the buffer via the buffer interface 36 and calculates FEC code for correcting errors that may occur during transmission between the transmitter and receiver.
The FEC calculating module 38 may utilize any algorithm or combination of algorithms suitable for encoding FEC capable of overcoming missed packets. As an example, by creating FEC code similar to Raptor codes, the calculated FEC code may include FEC portions F1, F2, . . . FX, wherein each FEC portion is capable of overcoming one missed packet. The FEC calculating module 38 may create FEC as deeply as needed. If the need for FEC changes over time, the FEC calculating module 38 may be adjusted accordingly. In some embodiments, the FEC calculating module 38, instead of calculating new FEC code, may be configured to confirm the validity of FEC code already received from a previous source, in order to reduce the redundancy of calculating the same FEC code. In addition, a combination of calculated or validated FEC code may be used. After the FEC calculating module 38 creates or gathers the FEC code to be transmitted with respect to the corresponding data packets, the FEC calculating module 38 stores the FEC code in the buffer 22, 32 via the buffer interface 36. In some embodiments, the buffer 22, 32 in which FEC code is stored may be separate from memory from which the processor 20, 30 accesses to compute FEC code.
The error processing module 40, which may be configured in hardware and/or software, determines the condition of a received data stream. In some embodiments, particularly with respect to the receiver 12 R, the error processing module 40 may access the received data stream stored in the buffer 22, 32 via the buffer interface 36 and analyze the header of the data packets to determine the identity or number of packets transmitted in the data stream. From this analysis, the error processing module 40 compares the data packets that were successfully received with the indication of the packets that were transmitted. If there is an inconsistency in this respect, then an error is detected and the error processing module 40 may attempt to correct the error using any FEC transmitted with the data.
If the FEC is sufficient to correct the error or errors, the error processing module 40 corrects the errors, if any. In some embodiments, the error processing module 40 may also indicate that the data is acceptable by sending a message to the source 12 S that any or all errors have been corrected and no additional FEC is needed. At this point, the error processing module 40 may instruct the FEC calculating module 38 to calculate FEC code, as described above, and may instruct the driver 24 to output the data to the next receiver in order to advance the data through the communication system 10.
In some embodiments, the error processing module 40, particularly with respect to the source 12 S, may receive a message or messages from downstream receiver(s) via the request interface 42, indicating the condition of data streams received downstream. In this regard, the error processing module 40 may remotely analyze the condition of the data stream and determine a strategy for transmitting data and/or FEC code to the receivers as needed. These strategies are described in more detail below. In addition, the error processing module 40 instructs the driver 24 how to handle the data and FEC for downstream transfer. The instructions to the driver 24 may include particular multicast groups and unicast groups, what data and FEC is to be transmitted, how it is to be transmitted, etc.
The FEC calculating module 38 and error processing module 40 of the processor 20, 30 may comprise an ordered listing of executable instructions for implementing logical functions as discussed above. The instructions and programs for executing these functions can be embodied in any computer-readable medium for use in or by an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. In the context of this document, a "computer-readable medium" can be any medium that can contain, store, communicate, propagate, or transport the program for use by the instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. The scope of the present disclosure is intended to include the functionality of the disclosed embodiments configured with logic in hardware and/or software mediums.
In this section, the functional operations of the communication system 10 will be described. Although particular references may be made to the physical elements illustrated in
In particular, the source 12 S receives or acquires data in any suitable manner and processes the data to determine FEC code. The FEC code may be in any suitable form, created using any suitable encoding algorithm or combination of algorithms, such as Pro-MPEG, Raptor, or others. For example, the data packets may be laid out in an array having R rows and C columns, as depicted in
Instead of transmitting all R+C FEC portions, one strategy may be to initially transmit only the row FEC and send the column FEC upon request, or vice versa. Another strategy may be to preemptively create several FEC portions based on different combination or blocks of an array. For example, assuming a particular data stream can be arranged in a 10�10 array, the FEC calculating module 38 may determine an FEC of the entire array in addition to sub-sets of the array, such as a 2�5 sub-set, 3�5 sub-set, 5�10 sub-set, etc. When additional FEC is needed, one or more of the various sub-sets may be selected for transmission to the receivers, based on a known capability of the particular sub-sets to correct certain errors. This strategy may be used, for example, with error correction algorithms such as PRO-MPEG.
With other types of error correction algorithms, such Raptor codes or fountain codes, each FEC portion is essentially capable of correcting one error, or restoring one missed packet. In this case, the error processing module 40 simply instructs the driver to transmit a certain number of FEC portions, e.g. F2-FX. No selection of portions is necessary in this scheme. These types of FEC algorithms may operate using a Boolean operation, for example, over the whole packet, such that one FEC portion handles one lost packet, etc. To simplify the discussion regarding various possible FEC algorithms, the example of these types of FEC portions that correct one error each will be in the remaining examples in the present application.
The flow charts illustrated in
A. Source Operation
In block 54, the flow chart includes transmitting the data and a minimum amount of FEC to a downstream receiver. The minimum amount of FEC may be a predetermined amount or may be varied based on changing characteristics or conditions of the communication system. As an example, the minimum amount may be enough FEC code to overcome one missed packet. If the communication system determines that the minimum amount of FEC is not enough or is too much, the minimum amount may be modified.
In block 56, the data and FEC calculated in block 52 is temporarily stored in memory or another storage device. The data and FEC is stored for a predetermined time based on an amount of time for the data to propagate to the receiver, for the entire data stream to be read into the buffer of the receivers, and for possible return signals indicating a request for more FEC. The wait time is equal to at least the round trip time for a signal to travel from the source to the receiver and back. Also, the wait time includes any time for receiving the entire stream of data and the processing time for analyzing the condition of the packets. After this time expires and no requests have been made, the stored data and FEC are no longer needed since the transmission in this case is determined to be a success. If requests are made for more FEC, then the saved data and FEC can be used, as indicated below. The flow chart further includes waiting for any error indication from a single receiver, or from multiple receivers in regard to a multicast system, as depicted in block 58.
In decision block 60, it is determined whether or not error indications were received within the wait time. If not, then no further action is needed and the process (for this respective data stream) ends, as indicated in block 62. At the end of the process, the flow chart may be repeated for another subsequent data stream and this may be cycled indefinitely. Also, at the end of the process, other steps may be taken to delete the data and FEC stored in memory or other actions to initialize for the next data stream. If it is determined in block 60 that error indications were received, then the flow proceeds to block 64.
In block 64, the error indications are analyzed to determine, for example, which receivers missed packets, how many packets each receiver missed, which packets were missed, etc. Based on the analysis, additional FEC is encoded, if necessary, according to block 66. If block 52 includes calculating a maximum amount of FEC, such that additional FEC does not need to be calculated, then block 66 may be omitted. If, for instance, only F1 is calculated in block 52 and transmitted in block 54, then calculating additional FEC in block 66 includes calculating F2-FX, where FX is the total amount of FEC needed for overcoming the missed packets. Based on the analysis of block 64, calculating additional FEC in block 66 may, in some embodiments, include creating customized FEC code. In this respect, if the error indications convey a pattern that can be optimally represented by customized FEC, specific code can be created.
Based on the analysis of block 64 and the additional FEC code, calculated in block 52 or block 66, the flow chart further includes block 68, in which additional FEC and/or specific data is transmitted to respective receivers according to a multicast/unicast strategy. If customized FEC is created, an indication of the characteristics of the customized FEC or what it represents can also be transmitted in order to inform the receiver(s) how to handle the customized FEC. Transmitting FEC may also include selecting particular FEC code based on the analysis of block 64 to determine a match that optimally overcomes the errors. Blocks 64, 66, and 68, in some embodiments, may include the process described below with respect to
Some of the processes and blocks described with respect to
Block 72 includes various processes involved to create or gather additional FEC to be transmitted. In one embodiment, additional FEC is calculated in a manner to provide a number N of FEC portions to correct N errors. This block may also include an embodiment where particular FEC code, such as code pre-calculated at an earlier time, is selected or matched based on its ability to correct certain data packets. Another embodiment of block 72 includes creating a customized FEC based on the analysis of block 70 to provide an FEC that sufficiently handles a certain data packet error or combination of data packet errors.
In block 74, an additional number of FEC portions are transmitted. As an example, if 95% of the receivers reported that they missed between zero and four packets, then block 74 may include sending four additional FEC portions, e.g. F2-F5, given that F1 was originally transmitted with the data. In this way, the majority of the receivers receive a multicast of the four additional FEC portions and can overcome the missed packets. In some embodiments, block 74 may include sending a number of FEC portions proportional to the requests from the most needy receiver requesting the highest number of FEC portions. In this case, the FEC covers all errors.
The additional FEC portions multicasted to the receivers can have a predetermined maximum number of FEC portions. Another strategy may include determining the number of FEC portions to be transmitted based on the most frequently reported number to errors or missing packets. In this case, receivers having more than the number of errors may receive a unicast as mentioned below. Other algorithms using various statistical analysis methods may be utilized to determine a plan to send a multicast of predetermined or customized FEC portions.
In block 76, the process includes sending unicast messages to the receivers having a number of indicated errors greater than the number of FEC portions transmitted in block 74. In the above example, if the remaining 5% of the receivers indicated having various numbers of errors greater than four, then a unicast can be sent to these receivers. This process may include establishing a tier system where only certain receivers are sent unicasts. For example, if one or more receivers indicate an unusually high number of errors, block 76 may simply ignore these requests since too many resources would be needed to transmit to these faulty devices.
According to some embodiments, blocks 74 and 76 may be combined to include a hybrid approach in which certain thresholds are established to determine which group of receivers is placed in a first multicast group, which group of receivers is placed in a second unicast group, and which group of receivers do not receive any transmission. This last group may be faulty components that indicate a number of errors above the highest threshold. In this case, the last group may simply be ignored.
B. Receiver Operation
In block 84, the errors regarding missed packets are determined. This process may include determining the number of missed packets or determining the specific packets that were missed. With respect to simply determining a number of missed packets, the receiver can receive additional FEC portions but is typically not able to receive a unicast of specific packets. If specific packets are determined and this determination is communicated to the source, then the receiver may receive either a number of FEC portions or specific packets in a unicast or both.
In decision block 86, it is determined whether or not the detected errors can be handled by the minimum FEC received in block 80. If so, the errors are corrected using the existing FEC, as indicated in block 88, and flow proceeds to block 100. If it is determined in block 86 that the FEC is not sufficient to handle the errors, then flow proceeds to block 90. In block 90, an indication of the errors is transmitted back to the source. This error indication is essentially a request for more FEC or data to help patch the missing packets. The error indication can be a number representing the number of missed packets, the specific packets missed, or both.
In block 92, the process includes waiting for a predetermined time based on the round trip time mentioned above. The wait time may be a factor of the distance between the source and receiver or the distance between the source and another receiver of the corresponding multicast group that may be located the farthest distance from the source. The wait time also takes into account processing time and other factors and may include extra time for inevitable unknown delays.
After or during the wait time, the receiver may receive additional FEC portions or data, as indicated in decision block 94. If no data or additional FEC is received, the process flows to block 96, where the existing FEC is used to attempt to correct as many errors as possible. After block 96, flow proceeds to block 100. If it is determined in decision block 96 that data and/or additional FEC code was received, then flow proceeds to block 98 where the data is corrected or restored to its original pre-transmitted form. This block may also include decoding a customized FEC if the source created one. Also, the data is restored by retrieving the data and FEC stored according to block 82 and utilizing this data and FEC along with the newly acquired data and FEC.
At this point, the flow proceeds to block 100, where the restored or partially corrected data is transmitted downstream through the communication system. The data at this point may be error-free data from block 88, faulty or partially restored data from block 96, and/or restored data from block 98. In addition, sending data to the next stage may include repeating the steps of the source with respect to
Conditional language, such as "can," "could," "might," or "may," among others, is generally intended to convey, unless specifically stated otherwise, or otherwise understood within the context, that certain embodiments include, while other embodiments do not include, certain features, elements, and/or steps. Thus, such conditional language is not generally intended to imply that features, elements and/or steps are in any way required for one or more embodiments or that one or more embodiments necessarily include logic for deciding, with or without user input or prompting, whether these features, elements and/or steps are included or are to be performed in any particular embodiment.
It should be emphasized that the above-described embodiments are merely examples of possible implementations. Many variations and modifications may be made to the above-described embodiments without departing from the principles of the present disclosure. All such modifications and variations are intended to be included herein within the scope of this disclosure and protected by the following claims.
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Jul 7, 2006
|May 25, 2010
|Scientific-Atlanta, Llc
|Buffer for storing data and forward error correction (FEC)
|Nov 10, 2005
|Jun 22, 2010
|Scientific-Atlanta, Llc
|Quality of service management in a switched digital video environment
|Jul 7, 2006
|Aug 10, 2010
|Scientific-Atlanta, Llc
|Requesting additional forward error correction
|Oct 18, 2006
|Jan 11, 2011
|Versteeg William C
|Reducing channel-change time
|Nov 11, 2005
|Jan 18, 2011
|Versteeg William C
|Expedited digital signal decoding
|Jul 7, 2006
|Mar 1, 2011
|Ver Steeg William C
|Determining strategy for multicast and/or unicast transmission to correct forward errors
|Sep 8, 2011
|Mar 13, 2013
|Vodafone Holding GmbH
|Method for minimizing collisions of messages responsive to multi- or broadcast messages in a radio communication system
|U.S. Classification
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Jul 28, 2006
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text:
121 Diamond Spring RoadDenville, NJ 07834
Join Mark Wood of Wood'n Drums in the theatre at the Denville Public Library on Friday August 17th at 7:00 pm for an evening of West African drumming.
Come Experience the Joy of West African Drumming. An all-level workshop geared toward those who want to hone their drumming skills, Mark Wood of Wood n'Drums will cover the basics of playing the Djembe (pronounced "gem bay") and will teach the three sounds (base, tone, slap). Participants will be taught African rhythms and how to play in an ensemble environment.
At the Gazebo on Diamond Spring Road. (Raindate Friday, July 29)
Bring a picnic and the family! Sit in the shade and enjoy the classic and contemporary music of the Denville String Band!
Parking and bathrooms at the Denville Museum.
Find us on Facebook!
© 2011 Denville Public Library. All rights reserved.
121 Diamond Spring RoadDenville, NJ 07834973.627.6555


text:
Practice Philosophy
Well known in the Columbia,Mo., Mid-Missouri area as the physician to which other physicians refer their families, Dr. Croll feels it is an honor to provide personalized medical care and management to his patients. He prides himself on offering an honest assessment that allows him to provide quality and ethical care to qualified patients, in a different kind of practice.
Dr. Gregory H. Croll, is in private practice in Columbia, Mo.. Board Certified by the American Board of Plastic Surgery in 1991, he graduated from the University of Missouri-Columbia in 1971 with an undergraduate degree in Zoology. Deferring medical school, Dr. Croll pursued fulfilling careers as an auctioneer, real estate agent, cook, and entrepreneur. In 1979, medical school beckoned. In May 1983 Dr. Croll graduated from the University of Missouri-Columbia Medical School where he was elected to the honorary Alpha Omega Alpha Society. Beginning his General/Plastic Surgery residency with the University of Missouri-Columbia, Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery, he finished in June, 1989 after which Dr. Croll was appointed Associate Professor of Plastic Surgery at UMCHC and later, Chief of Plastic Surgery at the Harry S. Truman Veterans Hospital. After a gratifying academic career, Dr. Croll entered private practice in Columbia, Mo. September 1996.
Dr. Croll looks forward to providing his patients with personalized care for their aesthetic and reconstructive concerns. Ethical, compassionate, expertise of training and experience. Discover the confidence that you deserve.
Dr. Croll's practice includes both reconstructive and cosmetic surgery. Whether you want to rejevenate your face, breast or body, Dr. Croll can help you. Discover the confidence you deserve.
Why is our practice different? We want our patients to discover the confidence they deserve. Aesthetic plastic surgery can not only change your appearance, it can boost your self confidence and help you look as young as you feel. Whether you want to rejuvenate your face, breasts, or body, Dr. Croll can help you.
Dr. Croll believes that the consultation process is an opportunity to connect with patients, to learn about their goals and health history. By the end of the consultation, Dr. Croll will determine with the patient whether a procedure is right for them, and whether they feel comfortable and secure enough to make a decision.
Consultation appointments are with Dr. Croll and can last up to an hour or more. He want to spend as much time with our patients as needed in order to educate patients on their options, answering questions and discussing benefits and risks of surgery. Dr. Croll's goal is to have our patients feel that they have all the information needed to make an informed decision in a low pressure atmosphere.
Follow-up consultations are always welcome as we want to ensure our patients are comfortable and confident about their decision.
Surgery Center of Columbia
305 N Keene Suite 207 Columbia, MO
Boone Hospital Center
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Location & Office Hours
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text:
I was intrigued by The Journal Gazette editorial of Oct. 18 ("Call him irresponsible"). It actually praised Republican Sen. Dan Coats. Of course, it was only for his voting with the Democrats on ending the shutdown — which anybody who follows the words and actions of the Obama administration knows was caused by conservatives and tea party members of Congress. (Forget that the government had "closed due to the shutdown" signs already printed to post on our national parks and monuments immediately after the event started).
The same editorial chastised Rep. Marlin Stutzman for a "breathtaking leap of irresponsibility" — along with four other Hoosier congressmen — for voting no to the bill.
I don't fault Coats for voting yes on this bill — along with Democrat Sen. Joe Donnelly or any other member of Congress — for voting their conscience. If there is any disapproval from Indiana citizens, we will make our decision when they run again for their seats.
As to Stutzman, there has been an intensive campaign against him by the JG for some time. In editorials and letters to the editor that fact is obvious. A recent JG letter even called him vicious biblical names and condemned him to hell. He is a good man and reputable congressman, representing the district voters' needs and requests in an ethical manner.
Perhaps the JG faults him because he believes in the goals and direction of the tea party — as do many millions of American citizens. The left-leaning media realize this massive group of Constitution/freedom-loving citizens are the biggest single threat to Democrat Party control of our lives. Why else does Obama, Reid, Pelosi and others of their ilk spend so much time — Chicago-style — demonizing and tearing down the tea party?
John Paul


text:
Hotels and Lodging
Sports and Recreation
Coupons & Specials
Cumberland Crafts
Cumberland Crafts is a shop of the "Southern Highland Craft Guild". We are one of the oldest guilds in the USA. The first qualification is the artist must live in the Southern Appalachian Mountains. They then go through a 5 step jury process. This is where there work is juried by a panel of their peers. Most of them have several attempts before being juried. Once they have been accepted though they have perfected their craft. They jury in a certain media such as clay, wood, jewelry,glass, fiber, etc.
Once they have become a member of the guild they can have their work in the shops. There are 5 shops of the guild, 2 in Asheville, 1 in Blowing Rock, 1 in Gatlinburg and ours in Ky. We were the 5th shop and will be here 10 years in september. We have different members who come and give demonstrations of their crafts. In september we will be having a huge event with the park to coincide with our 10th anniversary. It will be "HOMESPUN APPALACHIAN". There will be many demonstrations and interpeters.


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Zoe Kazan Gossip
Zoe Kazan gossip, latest news, photos, and video.
Zoe Kazan from head to toe
FameFlynet, Andrew H. Walker/ Getty
Did you ever see Ruby Sparks? Paul Dano writes Zoe Kazan to life. Sort of. And I'm in love with them in real life. Zoe was here in Toronto a couple of weeks ago with Daniel Radcliffe to promote The F Word (What If outside of Canada). I interviewed her on the red carpet, but not before I saw Paul rush by the press line. Full Story
Collective crushing on Daniel Radcliffe
Pacific Coast News
I interviewed Daniel Radcliffe – again – at the Toronto premiere of The F Word (What If in the USA) on Monday. Yesterday I interviewed him – again – on The Social alongside my colleagues Melissa Grelo, Cynthia Loyst, and Jess Allen. Full Story
I want to see Ruby Sparks
Ruby Sparks opened in limited release this weekend. I haven't seen it yet but really, really want to. For a few reasons: I love Zoe Kazan and she wrote it. I love Paul Dano (remember how wonderful he was in Little Miss Sunshine?). I love that Zoe and Paul love each other in real life. Full Story


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Although Lewis Hamilton won't guess as to where Merc are in the pecking order, he is optimistic about his team's progress...
Although Lewis Hamilton won't guess as to where Merc are in the pecking order, he is optimistic about his team's progress.
Mercedes appear to have recovered from a trying start to their pre-season which saw an electrical problem and a brake pressure issue limit their running on days one and two.
The team, though, came back strong on Thursday with Nico Rosberg covering 148 problem-free laps while setting the day's second best time.
Hamilton followed that up on Friday, the final day of testing, with 145 laps and a 1:18.905, which put him sixth for the day.
Asked where he believed Merc were in the 'pecking order', the Brit said: "I've asked the guys to try and predict it, but they don't know. We don't know what fuel loads people are on so it's just a guess."
He added: "I think we're at the level we're comfortable with so we couldn't really ask for more.
"The guys have done a great job to add downforce to the car and understand where they're going to take the car in the direction that we really want it to go.
"And now they need the direction: they need me and Nico to tell them where they can improve the car and which direction to go.
"Is it the front we need to improve or is it the rear end? Is it globally, is it corner entry, this kind of thing? So that's what we're working on."
As Mercedes' early woes, Hamilton says it is not a disaster to the team's preparations as they have been catching up.
"I feel like the mileage...of course it would count, because by the time we get to the end someone's on five thousand kilometres or whatever it is and we would have done four - or something like that.
"But we're catching up.
"I think in the next test we'll continue to work on set-up, particularly to understand the characteristics of the aerodynamics. The guys are just trying to get as much information as possible.
"As for me, I'm just listening to the car. Just trying to figure out what I need to improve."
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