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Research Coffee Hour
Date: Mon. 1 Sep, 2014 12:00 pm - 1:00 pm
Duration: 1 Hour
Location: Speare Hall
Research Coffee Hour is an opportunity for faculty and research division scientists and engineers to informally discuss research opportunities and collaborations.Bring proposal ideas, research questions and anything you would like to discuss. Coffee is provided, bring your own lunch if you would iike. Join us every Monday at noon in the CITL Speare 113. For more information, email Dale Henneke at firstname.lastname@example.com.


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Huge MyTP 2.5 - Ski, Freeski and Snowboard Game update is out! The latest update adds 8 additional levels, authentic NITRO snowboards, a new EASY-Trick-Navigation and native iPhone 5 & retina iPad support! The game is now featuring an incredible 60 levels with a ton of kickerlines, boxes & rails… smooth & technical halfpipe riding… big air events… individual characters from head-to-toe… replay options with picture export and much more! Go grab MyTP 2.5 Snowboard for iPhone, iPod touch and iPad right now - http://itun.es/i6JL5kH
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subset: commoncrawl


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Expelled: No Intelligence Allowed
"EXPELLED: No Intelligence Allowed," starring Ben Stein, follows his journey around the globe where he discovers that scientists, educators and philosophers are being persecuted in a modern day witch hunt because they dare to go against the theory of evolution. These pillars of education are being fired, ridiculed and ostracized for merely challenging Darwin's theory; proposing that life on this planet could be a part of some intelligent design and not random chance. This thought-provoking documentary not only forces us to question what we have been taught but challenges us to ask, "What else is being kept from us?"
Cast: Ben Stein
Produced by:
Directed by: Nathan Frankowski
Written by: Walt Ruloff, Kevin Miller
Running time: 1hr 30min
Opens: Apr 18, 2008 Nationwide
|Theaters for Today
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on this day.


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Emissions of Substitutes for Ozone Depleting Substances
You will need Adobe Acrobat Reader, available as a free download, to view some of the files on this page. See EPA's PDF page to learn more about PDF, and for a link to the free Acrobat Reader.
The emissions of hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) and perfluorocarbons (PFCs) used as substitutes for ozone depleting substances (ODS) are rising worldwide. The U.S. EPA and various industries are working together to measure, manage and reduce these emissions. Several analyses are provided and many voluntary EPA/industry partnerships have been started.
Emission Estimates
The emissions of hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) and perfluorocarbons (PFCs) used as substitutes for ozone depleting substances are rising worldwide. Under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, many nations including the U.S. annually submit greenhouse gas emission inventories that estimate emissions of these and other greenhouse gases. The U.S. EPA has also made estimates of HFC and PFC emissions globally, and has analyzed opportunities and costs to reduce those emissions. The original study has been revised and incorporated into reports analyzing global emissions and mitigation potentials of all non-CO2 greenhouse gases.
Others have performed similar analyses, and a partial list of these studies is provided below. Researchers will see that different analyses can lead to vastly different estimates of current and future emissions, depending upon the data used and methodologies employed.
U.S. EPA Reports
- Global Anthropogenic Emissions of Non-CO2 Greenhouse Gases 1990-2020 (EPA Report 430-R-06-003) . This report provides historical and projected estimates of emissions from over 90 countries and 8 regions for all major non-CO2 greenhouse gas emission sources. The baseline emission estimates of HFCs and PFCs used as ODS substitutes have been updated from the 2004 report cited below.
- Global Mitigation of Non-CO2 Greenhouse Gases (EPA Report 430-R-06-005). This report provides marginal abatement curves (MACs) that reflect aggregated breakeven prices for implementing mitigation options in a given sector and region. The options evaluated for mitigating emissions of ozone-depleting substance substitutes have been updated from the 2004 report cited below.
- Analysis of Costs to Abate International Emissions of Ozone-Depleting Substance (ODS) Substitute Emissions (EPA Report 430-R-04-006) (PDF, 142 pp, 669 KB). This report presents the U.S. EPA's baseline forecast of emissions of Hydrofluorocarbon and Perfluorocarbon gases from the major sectors that use these gases as substitutes for ozone-depleting substances, and EPA's cost estimates of reducing these emissions. Appendices (PDF, 167 pp, 1 MB); Errata Sheet (PDF, 9 pp, 119 KB).
Additional Reports
- Ashford, P., D. Clodic, L. Palandre, A. McCulloch and L. Kuijpers, Determination of Comparative HCFC and HFC Emission Profiles for the Foam and Refrigeration Sectors until 2015, report prepared with support from U.S. EPA and ADEME, April 2004. Part 1 (PDF, 32 pp., 1.2 MB), Part 2 (PDF, 43 pp., 559 KB), Part 3 (PDF, 38 pp., 472 KB)
- Enviros Consulting Ltd., 2003: Assessment of the costs & implication on emission of potential regulatory frameworks for reducing emissions of HFCs, PFCs & SF6 , Enviros Consulting Ltd. Report CAN EC002 5008, circa 2003.
- Harnisch, Jochen and Chris Hendriks, 2000: Economic Evaluation of Emission Reductions of HFCs, PFCs and SF 6 in Europe, Special Report, Contribution to the study "Economic Evaluation of Sectoral Emission Reduction Objectives for Climate Change", on behalf of the Commission of the European Union, Directorate General Environment, Ecofys Energy and Environment, April 25, 2000.
- Harnisch, Jochen, Oliver Stobbe and David de Jager, 2001: Abatement of Emissions of Other Greenhouse Gases: "Engineered Chemicals", February 2001, IEA Greenhouse Gas R&D Programme, m754, Ecofys, PO Box 8408, 3503 RK Utrecht, The Netherlands.
- March Consulting Group, 1998: Opportunities to Minimise Emissions of Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) from the European Union , Final Report, Prepared by March Consulting Group, UK, 30 September 1998.
- Schaefer, Deborah Ottinger, Dave Godwin and Jochen Harnisch, 2006: Estimating Future Emissions and Potential Reductions of HFCs, PFCs and SF6, Multi-Greenhouse Gas Mitigation and Climate Policy, A Special Issue of The Energy Journal. de la Chesnaye, Francisco C. and John P. Weyant, guest editors, 2006.


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Interpretive Handbook
61554 :
Chlamydia trachomatis, Miscellaneous Sites, by Nucleic Acid Amplification (GEN-PROBE)
Clinical Information Discusses physiology, pathophysiology, and general clinical aspects, as they relate to a laboratory test
Chlamydia is caused by the obligate intracellular bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis and is the most prevalent sexually transmitted bacterial infection in the United States.(1,2) In 2010, 1.3 million documented cases were reported to the CDC.(2) Given that 3 out of 4 infected women and 1 out of 2 infected men will be asymptomatic initially, the actual prevalence of disease is thought to be much greater than reported. The organism causes genitourinary infections in women and men and may be associated with dysuria and vaginal, urethral, or rectal discharge. In women, complications include pelvic inflammatory disease, salpingitis, and infertility. Approximately 25% to 30% of women who develop acute salpingitis become infertile.(2) Complications among men are rare, but include epididymitis and sterility. Rarely, genital chlamydial infection can cause arthritis with associated skin lesions and ocular inflammation (Reiter syndrome). Chlamydia trachomatis can be transmitted from the mother during delivery and is associated with conjunctivitis and pneumonia. Finally, Chlamydia trachomatis may cause hepatitis and pharyngitis in adults.
Once detected, the infection is easily treated by a short course of antibiotic therapy. Annual Chlamydia screening is now recommended for all sexually active women age 25 years and younger, and for older women with risk factors for infection, such as a new sex partner or multiple sex partners. The CDC also recommends that all pregnant women be given a screening test for Chlamydia infection.(2) Repeat testing for test-of-cure is not recommended after treatment with a standard treatment regimen unless patient compliance is in question, reinfection is suspected, or the patient's symptoms persist. Repeat testing of pregnant women, 3 weeks after completion of therapy, is also recommended to ensure therapeutic cure.(2)
Culture was previously considered to be the gold standard test for diagnosis of Chlamydia trachomatis infection.(2) However, organisms are labile in vitro, and precise specimen collection, transportation, and processing conditions are required to maintain organism viability, which is necessary for successful culturing. In comparison, nucleic acid amplification testing (NAAT) provides superior sensitivity and specificity and is now the recommended method for diagnosis in most cases.(3-5) Immunoassays and nonamplification DNA tests are also available for Chlamydia trachomatis detection, but these methods are significantly less sensitive and less specific than NAAT.(2)
Improved screening rates and increased sensitivity of NAAT testing have resulted in an increased number of accurately diagnosed cases.(2) Early identification of infection enables sexual partners to seek testing and treatment as soon as possible and reduces the risk of disease spread. Prompt treatment reduces the risk of infertility in women.
Useful For Suggests clinical disorders or settings where the test may be helpful
Detection of Chlamydia trachomatis
Interpretation Provides information to assist in interpretation of the test results
A positive result indicates the presence of rRNA Chlamydia trachomatis. This assay does detect plasmid-free variants of Chlamydia trachomatis.
A negative result indicates that rRNA for Chlamydia trachomatis was not detected in the specimen.
The predictive value of an assay depends on the prevalence of the disease in any particular population. In settings with a high prevalence of sexually transmitted disease, positive assay results have a high likelihood of being true positives. In settings with a low prevalence of sexually transmitted disease, or in any setting in which a patient's clinical signs and symptoms or risk factors are inconsistent with chlamydial urogenital infection, positive results should be carefully assessed and the patient retested by other methods, if appropriate.
Cautions Discusses conditions that may cause diagnostic confusion, including improper specimen collection and handling, inappropriate test selection, and interfering substances
This report is intended for use in clinical monitoring or management of patients; it is not intended for use in medico-legal applications.
Appropriate specimen collection and handling is necessary for optimal assay performance.
Results should be interpreted in conjunction with other laboratory and clinical information.
A negative test result does not exclude the possibility of infection. Improper specimen collection, concurrent antibiotic therapy, presence of inhibitors, or low numbers of organisms in the specimen (ie, below the sensitivity of the test) may cause false-negative test results.
In low-prevalence populations, positive results must be interpreted carefully as false-positive results may occur more frequently than true-positive results in this setting.
In general, this assay should not be used to assess therapeutic success or failure, since nucleic acids from these organisms may persist for 3 weeks or more following antimicrobial therapy.
The presence of mucous does not interfere with this assay. However, this test requires endocervical cells, and if excess mucous is not removed prior to collection, adequate numbers of these cells may not be obtained.
No interference is expected with swab specimens due to:
-Lubricants and spermicides
The effects of use of tampons, douching, specimen types other than those listed in Specimen Required, and specimen collection variables have not been determined.
This assay does not detect Chlamydia pneumoniae.
Reference Values Describes reference intervals and additional information for interpretation of test results. May include intervals based on age and sex when appropriate. Intervals are Mayo-derived, unless otherwise designated. If an interpretive report is provided, the reference value field will state this.
Clinical References Provides recommendations for further in-depth reading of a clinical nature
1. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2014. Recommendations for the laboratory-based detection of chlamydia trachomatis and neisseria gonorrhoeae, 2014. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2014;63:1-18
2. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Sexually Transmitted Diseases Treatment Guidelines, 2010. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2010;59:RR12
3. Crotchfelt KA, Pare B, Gaydos C, Quinn TC: Detection of Chlamydia trachomatis by the GEN-PROBE AMPLIFIED Chlamydia trachomatis Assay (AMP CT) in urine specimens from men and women and endocervical specimens from women. J Clin Microbiol 1998 Feb;36(2):391-394
4. Gaydos CA, Quinn TC, Willis D, et al: Performance of the APTIMA Combo 2 assay for detection of Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae in female urine and endocervical swab specimens. J Clin Microbiol 2003 Jan;41(1):304-309
5. Chernesky MA, Jang DE: APTIMA transcription-mediated amplification assays for Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2006 Jul;6(4):519-525


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If you're looking for a Y word definitions starting with the letter Y then check out our words below.
These are useful for Scrabble and other word games.
© 2015 Crossword Clue Solver. All Rights Reserved.Crossword Clue Solver is operated and owned by Ash Young at Evoluted Web Design. Optimisation by SEO Sheffield.
The Crossword Solver is designed to help users to find the missing answers to their crossword puzzles. The system can solve single or multiple word clues and can deal with many plurals.


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- Independent
- The Enterprise
- The Recorder
Charles County Sheriff Rex Coffey has been sued on allegations that he interfered with internal investigations of officers who supported his 2006 and 2010 campaigns while issuing demotions to those who backed his opponents.
Lt. Troy Berry, an operational patrol commander who has been with the sheriff's office since 2005, filed the lawsuit March 29. It claims that his demotion in November 2010 came because he did not support Coffey in the run-up to that year's election.
In the complaint, Berry alleges that Coffey has infringed on his free speech rights, wrongfully demoted him and publicly tarnished his reputation. Berry is seeking damages "of no less than" $1 million to cover lost wages, damage to his reputation and diminished opportunities both within and outside the agency. No court date has been set.
Acting on advice from his attorney, Berry declined to comment on the lawsuit.
"You know me, I would like to publicly address this lawsuit. But I can't comment on any matter that's currently in litigation," Coffey (D) said through a spokeswoman. "I would just say there are two sides to every story and the facts pertaining to these allegations will be brought out in court."
The complaint cites an advertisement Coffey ran in the Maryland Independent days before the 2006 election decrying ads run by former sheriff Fred Davis that listed officers who endorsed him, including Berry.
After winning the election, Coffey promoted Berry to commander of the agency's internal affairs unit, the Office of Professional Responsibility.
In this position, Berry, then a captain, "identified and investigating misconduct in the Sheriff's Office," the complaint states. "Captain Berry would soon learn, however, that when his work led him to investigate Coffey supporters, he would be overtly stymied by the Sheriff seeking to protect his own."
Berry states in the complaint that he investigated suspected misconduct by several sworn officers, including "deputies and a civilian employee who were also active political supporters of Sheriff Coffey."
Berry alleges that due to these investigations, Coffey "retaliated" by demoting Berry to commander of District III, which covers eastern Waldorf, and cutting his pay following the 2010 election.
In the complaint, Berry alleges that Coffey obstructed investigations and covered for political allies or allowed them to escape discipline.
During Coffey's first term, Berry launched an investigation into William Winters, a civilian employee accused of sexually harassing four female colleagues, the complaint states.
Coffey prevented Berry's office from interviewing Winters, who supported Coffey's campaign for sheriff. Coffey later allowed Winters to resign in lieu of a full investigation and any subsequent disciplinary action, only to later rehire Winters in 2011, the complaint states.
Berry also alleges that another of Coffey's supporters, Capt. Michael Rackey, was never disciplined for compromising an investigation into one of his subordinates, Jeffrey Henderson, a civilian employee suspected of falsifying timesheets and coming to work drunk. The complaint states that Rackey informed Henderson of Berry's investigation prior to Henderson's questioning by internal affairs.
The complaint states that another Coffey supporter, patrol officer Joseph Hudson, escaped potential prosecution for allegedly stealing a drink from a convenience store.
A sheriff's deputy learned of the theft and informed Berry's office, according to the complaint. Despite pressure from Coffey to end the investigation, Berry states in the complaint that he "discovered that [Hudson] had falsified police reports in several DUI cases."
Instead of referring the case to prosecutors or for internal discipline, Coffey allowed Hudson to resign, the complaint states.
Berry alleges Coffey interfered again in the investigation of correctional officer Cpl. Matthew Irby, who punched an inmate whose hands were handcuffed behind his back April 30, 2009. The incident sparked controversy and drew harsh criticism from the local chapter of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People when Irby was not disciplined.
Berry's office recommended punishment for Irby, and an internal review board agreed. Irby was spared, Berry claims, due to his political support for Coffey.
"Upon hearing the decision, Captain Berry went to Sheriff Coffey's deputy, [then-Maj. Joe Montminy Jr.], to voice his disbelief," the complaint reads. "Major Montminy responded by stating, 'He just had a bad day.'"
Berry also alleges that Maj. Joseph "Buddy" Gibson asked Berry during the summer of 2010 for any internal affairs records on Coffey's opponent in the 2010 election, retired sheriff's office captain Dave Williams, and Brian Eley, a retired Charles County officer and current commander with the St. Mary's County Sheriff's Office, who supported Williams' candidacy.
Berry's complaint describes the request as "highly suspicious given the political race."
After meeting with internal counsel, Berry initially refused to hand the records over. Coffey accused Berry of denying the request due to Berry's supposed support for Williams' campaign for sheriff, so Berry agreed to produce the records if he was ordered to do so in writing, but the sheriff declined the offer, the complaint states.
"Sheriff Coffey's efforts to intimate [sic] or coerce Captain Berry into blurring, or even crossing, the ethical and professional lines of his job were once again foiled," the complaint states.
Berry also alleges that he was summoned to Coffey's office two weeks after the 2010 election and informed that he was being demoted from captain to lieutenant and having his pay decreased, not due to his job performance, but specifically because Berry supported Davis in 2006 and voted for Williams in 2010.
After Berry left Coffey's office, he was told by then-Capt. David Saunders that he had been demoted in identical fashion earlier that day, the complaint states.
The sheriff's office later announced that the demotions took effect Nov. 20.
Berry did not comment on the demotion at the time, and neither did Saunders, other than "to say his demotion wasn't disciplinary," according to an article published Nov. 23, 2010, in the Maryland Independent.
Berry also quotes in the complaint a Nov. 26, 2010, memo emailed by Coffey to the department's sworn officers stating the demotions "were not made because of job performance."
Despite agency requirements that each employee receive an annual performance evaluation, Berry did not receive an evaluation for 2010 until Jan. 17, 2012, according to the complaint.
Despite Coffey's assurances that Berry's demotion was not performance-related, Berry received an "Unsatisfactory" designation on his employee evaluation, which indicated that his demotion came because Coffey did not trust Berry and resented that Berry would share information with then-Charles County State's Attorney Leonard C. Collins Jr. (D), the complaint states.
Berry states in the complaint that he was legally required to share certain information with Collins while heading up the internal affairs unit.
Berry threatened legal action the day after the performance evaluation was issued, and hours later, Montminy presented Berry a revised evaluation that graded his job performance as "Satisfactory," according to the complaint. Berry claims he asked for but did not receive an explanation.
The complaint also states that despite a positive performance evaluation in March 2012, he was reassigned that October from District III commander to operational patrol commander for no apparent reason.
Berry stated that he was told a week later during a meeting between assistant sheriff of operations Maj. Robert Cleaveland and the nine other officers that his reassignment was due to poor job performance, contradicting the March evaluation. Berry alleged that Cleaveland yelled "Do your [expletive] job" at him and "attempted to humiliate him" during the meeting.
Berry received a positive performance evaluation a month later, the complaint states.
Charles County Fraternal Order of Police President Sgt. John Elliott said the FOP is aware of the case and has reviewed Berry's complaint, but that it is "going to stay neutral" during the legal proceedings.
"We have involved members on both sides, so until everything plays out, we're going to kind of abstain," Elliott said.


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The Community of Disc Golfers and About All Things Disc Golf
Views: 388
Base plastic isn't my fav, especially pro D, but i love DX Destroyers. They are flex machines, and they are the same if I bought one a year ago or 5 years from now. They don't suffer from the what happened to the mold situations for some reason. They are also easy to replace, especially if you are at a tourney and need to reload.
That said, Lat64 Opto plastic is the shiznit. Its like iron and beats in slow, but when it does it is in the sweet spot for a long long time. I have a hard as rock Opto River that has been in the sweet spot for well over a year and still gets thrown every round.
Highly doubtful that base plastics, when new, will produce measurable distance gains over premium plastics. The most I would concede is that beat-in discs seem to produce flight characteristics that no new disc has, and of course base plastics (DX, etc.) beat in much faster. For a given player, this formula---the right disc, perfectly beat in---might be the distance driver of choice.
Generally speaking, the adage of "know your plastic" favors premium discs, which fly about the same today as yesterday or last week or last month. But there's clearly a place for all of these options in the disc golf universe.
Dave McCormack, owner of Gateway, thinks the cheap plastic flies farther because of microporosity.
I'm gonna have to agree with you dookville!! I've just recently started throwing some opto line stuff and it's fantastic!!!
© 2015 Created by Terry "the Pirate" Calhoun.


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In response to APpats21's comment:
In response to BassFishingII's comment:
Yes, I realize this is a fan site, but clearly MANY fans know that BB doesn't pigeonhole himself in using one base style of offense. I can keep looking for anyalysis from other sources because they'e just so easy to find because it's you know, sort of well known?!! lmao
"Since Belichick has become head coach they have featured a pass first west coast offense, a run to set-up the pass offense, a spread attack and even an "Air-Raid" style offense in the vain of the great Mike Leach offenses of Texas Tech. With a quarterback as smart as Tom Brady, it has rarely mattered what offense they run. It's simply a matter of running the right offense that play to the strengths of the pieces around Brady. For example, when the Patriots had Corey Dillon, they leaned heavily on him for 1,600 yards rushing and used his play to open up the offense for Tom Brady's passing game."
HAHAHAHAHAHA youre using this as a source to back it up? Guess who writes it? "Millenial that probably still lives in mommy and daddy's basement". Good ole Chris Bentivegna from Southborough, MA. Usually youll say that he knows nothing and is arrogant for think hes smarter than BB but since it fits your agenda you use it and declare it right. He graduated high school in 2009. Funny how that works huh Rusty?
(Chris Bentivegna)
Dang, sorry Rusty. Had I known you were already owned on this thread by several posters(even Wozzy who used to have your back) I would not have piled on, but alas you have been banned again. No worries, just dust off one of the ol' backups and come back stronger with re-inforced lies eh? What a wonderful Life! lol
Funny how only redsoxfan is in your corner now. You shouldnt play with fire near bridges. You seem to have just about burnt them all down.....smh @ you.......ALL over TFB! Was it really worth it? I mean the guy doesnt even know you.


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Progress Lighting P5672-50 Golden Baroque Crawford Three-Light Large Cast Aluminum Outdoor Wall Lantern with Scroll Arm Details and Clear Beveled Glass Panels
Offer Ends
Technical Specs
|Specification Sheet
|Progress Lighting Catalog
|Installation Sheet
|Bulb Base
|Candelabra (E12)
|Bulb Type
|Light Direction
|Ambient Lighting
|Location Rating
|Wet Location
|Number of Bulbs
|Product Weight
|Suggested Room Fit
|Swing Arm
|UL Listed
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Classic and cool, this three light outdoor wall lantern from the Crawford collection is the perfect addition to a traditional outdoor space. Water patterned glass and scroll arm details complete the look, while an opulent hand painted finish provides luxury and class. The fixture is listed for outdoor use and covers a standard outlet box for long lasting and durable use.
- Outdoor wall sconce
- Clear beveled glass panels
- Hand painted finish
- Covers outlet box
- Mounting strap for outlet box included
- UL Listed
- Width: 11"
- Height: 28-3/4"
- Extension: 12-1/2"
- Uses (3) 60w candelabra base bulbs (not included)
- Total Wattage: 180
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Our SKU: P5672
This product is listed under the following manufacturer number(s):
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Crawford Two-Light Medium Cast Aluminum Outdoor Wa...$57.00-$245.70
Progress Lighting P5574
Crawford Four-Light Cast Aluminum Outdoor Hanging ...$464.22-$464.22
Progress Lighting P5673
Crawford Four-Light Extra-Large Cast Aluminum Outd...$613.08-$613.08
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When properly installed and under normal conditions of use, Progress Lighting, Inc. ("Seller") warrants its manufactured products, including their metal finishes ("Product(s)") will conform to its catalogue specifications and be free from defects in materials or workmanship for a period of one (1) year from the date of sale to end user, as specified in Seller's shipment documents for each Product (extended warranties may apply to Seller's fan motors and Energy Star® Products as indicated in Seller's Product manuals). Warping of wooden or plastic blades is not covered by this warranty. This warranty excludes fluorescent ballasts and high intensity discharge (HID) components, and Buyer agrees to make all claims regarding defects or deficiencies therefore according to the warranty of the manufacturer thereof as its sole source of recourse or compensation. Seller's obligations under this warranty and Buyer's sole remedy for its breach to the fullest extent permitted by law, shall be limited to the value of the cost of repair or replacement of the Product, pursuant to a written warranty claim validated in writing by Seller. IN NO EVENT SHALL SELLER BE LIABLE FOR ANY LOSSES OR ACTUAL DAMAGES TO ANY CLAIMANT, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, CONSEQUENTIAL, MULTIPLE, OR OTHER SUCH INDIRECT DAMAGES (INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, LOSS OF REVENUES OR PROFITS), WHETHER ARISING OUT OF OR AS A RESULT OF BREACH OF CONTRACT, WARRANTY (EXCEPT THOSE SET FORTH HERIN), TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE), STRICT LIABILITY, INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY INFRINGEMENT OR OTHERWISE. In no case does this warranty extend to anybody other than Seller's customers, and no one is authorized to extend warranties or remedies on Seller's behalf. To be valid, the warranty claim must be made: (a) in writing according to Seller's procedures existing at the time of the claim, (b) within thirty (30) days of discovery of the defect, (c) within the applicable warranty period, and (d) include the dated store receipt or invoice evidencing purchase of the Product. Warranty claims should be sent to: Progress Lighting, Inc., P.O. Box 6701, Greenville, SC 29606. Products may be returned only after a Return Authorization Number has been issued by Seller's customer service department. Any unauthorized return, repair, replacement, modification or misuse of the Products by Buyer shall void the warranty. THIS WARRANTY IS THE SOLE AND EXCLUSIVE REMEDY FOR SUCH PRODUCTS, AND IS IN LIEU OF ALL OTHER EXPRESS AND IMPLIED WARRANTIES. SELLER SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIMS ALL OTHER WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.


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|Volleyball » News » Schedule » Roster » Coaches » Statistics
Volleyball Hosts Media Day
Wednesday, August 28, 2002Johnson City, Tenn. (August 28, 2002) - Second year head coach Deane Webb and the 2002 East Tennessee State women's volleyball team welcomed members of the local media to Brooks Gym for the Buccaneers' annual "media day." The event is part of the team's preparation for the upcoming season, which begins Friday, Aug. 30 at the Spring Hill Suites Invitational in Charlotte, N.C. Webb is excited about the potential to have ETSU's first back-to-back 20-win season since 1992-93 after finishing with a 20-6 record last year. The Bucs, who finished second in the Southern Conference in 2001, know they will be faced with some challenges in the early part of 2002. ETSU graduated two of its top players from last season, including SoCon Player of the Year Carey Cavanaugh. Replacing such talent is difficult, but Webb has brought in five highly touted recruits from across the United States; those who have extensive experience playing volleyball at highest club team levels. "We are going to be young, but exuberant this year," Webb said. "We have a very good group of players coming in and return a strong group as well. Our goal is to win conference this year." Although the Bucs don't have any seniors on this year's roster, the team is fortunate to have leadership from juniors Kate Steidle (Waynesboro, Va.), Lissa Allen (Palm Bay, Fla.) and Rachel Shifflet (Axton, Va.). East Tennessee State's first home match will be Sept. 3 versus Lincoln Memorial in Brooks Gym. For ticket information call the ETSU ticket office at (423) 439-5371.
Volleyball Archives
2002-03 Volleyball


text:
Edmonton OilersThis panorama, taken by James Blakeway, brings to focus the Edmonton Oilers playing on home ice. The Oilers, based in Edmonton, the capital of the Canadian province of Alberta, had their team name inspired by Alberta's vast oil reserves. A group of talented players were introduced to the NHL when the Oilers joined the league in 1979. After winning multiple Stanley Cup Championships during the 1980s, the Oilers were honored with "dynasty" status by the Hockey Hall of Fame. In the 1983-84 season, the Oilers finished first overall in the NHL winning a franchise record of 57 games and scoring a grand total of 446 goals for an NHL record.
A must for any true Edmonton hockey fan! Printed in brilliant color and perfect focus on high-quality print stock, and complete with a sharp white border that includes the official team logo, the commemorative title, and a brief descriptive paragraph, this Rexall Place game night panorama is both a beauty for the wall, and a great collector's item for years to come. Perfect for the wall of home, office, locker room or classroom!
Product Specifications:


text:
Charles Gwathmey of Gwathmey Siegel & Assoc. Architects designed this hilltop house in St. Barts for a longtime client; architect Kang Chang of KangModern saw the project to completion after Gwathmey's death in 2009. Plumeria and bougainvillea border the upper terrace; the landscape design was by Peter Walker and Partners.
Charles Gwathmey's St. Barts Paradise
The architect designed one of his final projects for a spectacular island site: a villagelike compound of pristine white pavilions with breathtaking views
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SQLAlchemy 0.7 Documentation
Working with Engines and Connections¶
This section details direct usage of the Engine, Connection, and related objects. Its important to note that when using the SQLAlchemy ORM, these objects are not generally accessed; instead, the Session object is used as the interface to the database. However, for applications that are built around direct usage of textual SQL statements and/or SQL expression constructs without involvement by the ORM's higher level management services, the Engine and Connection are king (and queen?) - read on.
Basic Usage¶
Recall from Engine Configuration that an Engine is created via the create_engine() call:
engine = create_engine('mysql://scott:tiger@localhost/test')
The typical usage of create_engine() is once per particular database URL, held globally for the lifetime of a single application process. A single Engine manages many individual DBAPI connections on behalf of the process and is intended to be called upon in a concurrent fashion. The Engine is not synonymous to the DBAPI connect function, which represents just one connection resource - the Engine is most efficient when created just once at the module level of an application, not per-object or per-function call.
For a multiple-process application that uses the os.fork system call, or for example the Python multiprocessing module, it's usually required that a separate Engine be used for each child process. This is because the Engine maintains a reference to a connection pool that ultimately references DBAPI connections - these tend to not be portable across process boundaries. An Engine that is configured not to use pooling (which is achieved via the usage of NullPool) does not have this requirement.
The engine can be used directly to issue SQL to the database. The most generic way is first procure a connection resource, which you get via the connect method:
connection = engine.connect()
result = connection.execute("select username from users")
for row in result:
print "username:", row['username']
The connection is an instance of Connection, which is a proxy object for an actual DBAPI connection. The DBAPI connection is retrieved from the connection pool at the point at which Connection is created.
The returned result is an instance of ResultProxy, which references a DBAPI cursor and provides a largely compatible interface with that of the DBAPI cursor. The DBAPI cursor will be closed by the ResultProxy when all of its result rows (if any) are exhausted. A ResultProxy that returns no rows, such as that of an UPDATE statement (without any returned rows), releases cursor resources immediately upon construction.
When the close() method is called, the referenced DBAPI connection is released to the connection pool. From the perspective of the database itself, nothing is actually "closed", assuming pooling is in use. The pooling mechanism issues a rollback() call on the DBAPI connection so that any transactional state or locks are removed, and the connection is ready for its next usage.
The above procedure can be performed in a shorthand way by using the execute() method of Engine itself:
result = engine.execute("select username from users")
for row in result:
print "username:", row['username']
Where above, the execute() method acquires a new Connection on its own, executes the statement with that object, and returns the ResultProxy. In this case, the ResultProxy contains a special flag known as close_with_result, which indicates that when its underlying DBAPI cursor is closed, the Connection object itself is also closed, which again returns the DBAPI connection to the connection pool, releasing transactional resources.
If the ResultProxy potentially has rows remaining, it can be instructed to close out its resources explicitly:
If the ResultProxy has pending rows remaining and is dereferenced by the application without being closed, Python garbage collection will ultimately close out the cursor as well as trigger a return of the pooled DBAPI connection resource to the pool (SQLAlchemy achieves this by the usage of weakref callbacks - never the __del__ method) - however it's never a good idea to rely upon Python garbage collection to manage resources.
Our example above illustrated the execution of a textual SQL string. The execute() method can of course accommodate more than that, including the variety of SQL expression constructs described in SQL Expression Language Tutorial.
Using Transactions¶
This section describes how to use transactions when working directly with Engine and Connection objects. When using the SQLAlchemy ORM, the public API for transaction control is via the Session object, which makes usage of the Transaction object internally. See Managing Transactions for further information.
The Connection object provides a begin() method which returns a Transaction object. This object is usually used within a try/except clause so that it is guaranteed to invoke Transaction.rollback() or Transaction.commit():
connection = engine.connect()
trans = connection.begin()
r1 = connection.execute(table1.select())
connection.execute(table1.insert(), col1=7, col2='this is some data')
The above block can be created more succinctly using context managers, either given an Engine:
# runs a transaction
with engine.begin() as connection:
r1 = connection.execute(table1.select())
connection.execute(table1.insert(), col1=7, col2='this is some data')
Or from the Connection, in which case the Transaction object is available as well:
with connection.begin() as trans:
r1 = connection.execute(table1.select())
connection.execute(table1.insert(), col1=7, col2='this is some data')
Nesting of Transaction Blocks¶
The Transaction object also handles "nested" behavior by keeping track of the outermost begin/commit pair. In this example, two functions both issue a transaction on a Connection, but only the outermost Transaction object actually takes effect when it is committed.
# method_a starts a transaction and calls method_b
def method_a(connection):
trans = connection.begin() # open a transaction
trans.commit() # transaction is committed here
trans.rollback() # this rolls back the transaction unconditionally
# method_b also starts a transaction
def method_b(connection):
trans = connection.begin() # open a transaction - this runs in the context of method_a's transaction
connection.execute("insert into mytable values ('bat', 'lala')")
connection.execute(mytable.insert(), col1='bat', col2='lala')
trans.commit() # transaction is not committed yet
trans.rollback() # this rolls back the transaction unconditionally
# open a Connection and call method_a
conn = engine.connect()
Above, method_a is called first, which calls connection.begin(). Then it calls method_b. When method_b calls connection.begin(), it just increments a counter that is decremented when it calls commit(). If either method_a or method_b calls rollback(), the whole transaction is rolled back. The transaction is not committed until method_a calls the commit() method. This "nesting" behavior allows the creation of functions which "guarantee" that a transaction will be used if one was not already available, but will automatically participate in an enclosing transaction if one exists.
Understanding Autocommit¶
The previous transaction example illustrates how to use Transaction so that several executions can take part in the same transaction. What happens when we issue an INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE call without using Transaction? While some DBAPI implementations provide various special "non-transactional" modes, the core behavior of DBAPI per PEP-0249 is that a transaction is always in progress, providing only rollback() and commit() methods but no begin(). SQLAlchemy assumes this is the case for any given DBAPI.
Given this requirement, SQLAlchemy implements its own "autocommit" feature which works completely consistently across all backends. This is achieved by detecting statements which represent data-changing operations, i.e. INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, as well as data definition language (DDL) statements such as CREATE TABLE, ALTER TABLE, and then issuing a COMMIT automatically if no transaction is in progress. The detection is based on the presence of the autocommit=True execution option on the statement. If the statement is a text-only statement and the flag is not set, a regular expression is used to detect INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, as well as a variety of other commands for a particular backend:
conn = engine.connect()
conn.execute("INSERT INTO users VALUES (1, 'john')") # autocommits
The "autocommit" feature is only in effect when no Transaction has otherwise been declared. This means the feature is not generally used with the ORM, as the Session object by default always maintains an ongoing Transaction.
Full control of the "autocommit" behavior is available using the generative Connection.execution_options() method provided on Connection, Engine, Executable, using the "autocommit" flag which will turn on or off the autocommit for the selected scope. For example, a text() construct representing a stored procedure that commits might use it so that a SELECT statement will issue a COMMIT:
engine.execute(text("SELECT my_mutating_procedure()").execution_options(autocommit=True))
Connectionless Execution, Implicit Execution¶
Recall from the first section we mentioned executing with and without explicit usage of Connection. "Connectionless" execution refers to the usage of the execute() method on an object which is not a Connection. This was illustrated using the execute() method of Engine:
result = engine.execute("select username from users")
for row in result:
print "username:", row['username']
In addition to "connectionless" execution, it is also possible to use the execute() method of any Executable construct, which is a marker for SQL expression objects that support execution. The SQL expression object itself references an Engine or Connection known as the bind, which it uses in order to provide so-called "implicit" execution services.
Given a table as below:
from sqlalchemy import MetaData, Table, Column, Integer
meta = MetaData()
users_table = Table('users', meta,
Column('id', Integer, primary_key=True),
Column('name', String(50))
Explicit execution delivers the SQL text or constructed SQL expression to the execute() method of Connection:
engine = create_engine('sqlite:///file.db')
connection = engine.connect()
result = connection.execute(users_table.select())
for row in result:
# ....
Explicit, connectionless execution delivers the expression to the execute() method of Engine:
engine = create_engine('sqlite:///file.db')
result = engine.execute(users_table.select())
for row in result:
# ....
Implicit execution is also connectionless, and makes usage of the execute() method on the expression itself. This method is provided as part of the Executable class, which refers to a SQL statement that is sufficient for being invoked against the database. The method makes usage of the assumption that either an Engine or Connection has been bound to the expression object. By "bound" we mean that the special attribute MetaData.bind has been used to associate a series of Table objects and all SQL constructs derived from them with a specific engine:
engine = create_engine('sqlite:///file.db')
meta.bind = engine
result = users_table.select().execute()
for row in result:
# ....
Above, we associate an Engine with a MetaData object using the special attribute MetaData.bind. The select() construct produced from the Table object has a method execute(), which will search for an Engine that's "bound" to the Table.
Overall, the usage of "bound metadata" has three general effects:
- SQL statement objects gain an Executable.execute() method which automatically locates a "bind" with which to execute themselves.
- The ORM Session object supports using "bound metadata" in order to establish which Engine should be used to invoke SQL statements on behalf of a particular mapped class, though the Session also features its own explicit system of establishing complex Engine/ mapped class configurations.
- The MetaData.create_all(), Metadata.drop_all(), Table.create(), Table.drop(), and "autoload" features all make usage of the bound Engine automatically without the need to pass it explicitly.
The concepts of "bound metadata" and "implicit execution" are not emphasized in modern SQLAlchemy. While they offer some convenience, they are no longer required by any API and are never necessary.
In applications where multiple Engine objects are present, each one logically associated with a certain set of tables (i.e. vertical sharding), the "bound metadata" technique can be used so that individual Table can refer to the appropriate Engine automatically; in particular this is supported within the ORM via the Session object as a means to associate Table objects with an appropriate Engine, as an alternative to using the bind arguments accepted directly by the Session.
However, the "implicit execution" technique is not at all appropriate for use with the ORM, as it bypasses the transactional context maintained by the Session.
Overall, in the vast majority of cases, "bound metadata" and "implicit execution" are not useful. While "bound metadata" has a marginal level of usefulness with regards to ORM configuration, "implicit execution" is a very old usage pattern that in most cases is more confusing than it is helpful, and its usage is discouraged. Both patterns seem to encourage the overuse of expedient "short cuts" in application design which lead to problems later on.
Modern SQLAlchemy usage, especially the ORM, places a heavy stress on working within the context of a transaction at all times; the "implicit execution" concept makes the job of associating statement execution with a particular transaction much more difficult. The Executable.execute() method on a particular SQL statement usually implies that the execution is not part of any particular transaction, which is usually not the desired effect.
In both "connectionless" examples, the Connection is created behind the scenes; the ResultProxy returned by the execute() call references the Connection used to issue the SQL statement. When the ResultProxy is closed, the underlying Connection is closed for us, resulting in the DBAPI connection being returned to the pool with transactional resources removed.
Using the Threadlocal Execution Strategy¶
The "threadlocal" engine strategy is an optional feature which can be used by non-ORM applications to associate transactions with the current thread, such that all parts of the application can participate in that transaction implicitly without the need to explicitly reference a Connection.
The "threadlocal" feature is generally discouraged. It's designed for a particular pattern of usage which is generally considered as a legacy pattern. It has no impact on the "thread safety" of SQLAlchemy components or one's application. It also should not be used when using an ORM Session object, as the Session itself represents an ongoing transaction and itself handles the job of maintaining connection and transactional resources.
Enabling threadlocal is achieved as follows:
db = create_engine('mysql://localhost/test', strategy='threadlocal')
The above Engine will now acquire a Connection using connection resources derived from a thread-local variable whenever Engine.execute() or Engine.contextual_connect() is called. This connection resource is maintained as long as it is referenced, which allows multiple points of an application to share a transaction while using connectionless execution:
def call_operation1():
engine.execute("insert into users values (?, ?)", 1, "john")
def call_operation2():
Explicit execution can be mixed with connectionless execution by using the Engine.connect method to acquire a Connection that is not part of the threadlocal scope:
conn = db.connect()
conn.execute(log_table.insert(), message="Operation started")
conn.execute(log_table.insert(), message="Operation succeeded")
conn.execute(log_table.insert(), message="Operation failed")
To access the Connection that is bound to the threadlocal scope, call Engine.contextual_connect():
conn = db.contextual_connect()
Calling close() on the "contextual" connection does not release its resources until all other usages of that resource are closed as well, including that any ongoing transactions are rolled back or committed.
Connection / Engine API¶
- class sqlalchemy.engine.base.Connection(engine, connection=None, close_with_result=False, _branch=False, _execution_options=None)¶
Bases: sqlalchemy.engine.base.Connectable
Provides high-level functionality for a wrapped DB-API connection.
Provides execution support for string-based SQL statements as well as ClauseElement, Compiled and DefaultGenerator objects. Provides a begin() method to return Transaction objects.
The Connection object is not thread-safe. While a Connection can be shared among threads using properly synchronized access, it is still possible that the underlying DBAPI connection may not support shared access between threads. Check the DBAPI documentation for details.
The Connection object represents a single dbapi connection checked out from the connection pool. In this state, the connection pool has no affect upon the connection, including its expiration or timeout state. For the connection pool to properly manage connections, connections should be returned to the connection pool (i.e. connection.close()) whenever the connection is not in use.
- __init__(engine, connection=None, close_with_result=False, _branch=False, _execution_options=None)¶
Construct a new Connection.
The constructor here is not public and is only called only by an Engine. See Engine.connect() and Engine.contextual_connect() methods.
- begin()¶
Begin a transaction and return a transaction handle.
The returned object is an instance of Transaction. This object represents the "scope" of the transaction, which completes when either the Transaction.rollback() or Transaction.commit() method is called.
Nested calls to begin() on the same Connection will return new Transaction objects that represent an emulated transaction within the scope of the enclosing transaction, that is:
trans = conn.begin() # outermost transaction trans2 = conn.begin() # "nested" trans2.commit() # does nothing trans.commit() # actually commits
Calls to Transaction.commit() only have an effect when invoked via the outermost Transaction object, though the Transaction.rollback() method of any of the Transaction objects will roll back the transaction.
See also:
Connection.begin_nested() - use a SAVEPOINT
Connection.begin_twophase() - use a two phase /XID transaction
Engine.begin() - context manager available from Engine.
- begin_nested()¶
Begin a nested transaction and return a transaction handle.
The returned object is an instance of NestedTransaction.
Nested transactions require SAVEPOINT support in the underlying database. Any transaction in the hierarchy may commit and rollback, however the outermost transaction still controls the overall commit or rollback of the transaction of a whole.
See also Connection.begin(), Connection.begin_twophase().
- begin_twophase(xid=None)¶
Begin a two-phase or XA transaction and return a transaction handle.
The returned object is an instance of TwoPhaseTransaction, which in addition to the methods provided by Transaction, also provides a prepare() method.
Parameters: xid – the two phase transaction id. If not supplied, a random id will be generated.
See also Connection.begin(), Connection.begin_twophase().
- close()¶
Close this Connection.
This results in a release of the underlying database resources, that is, the DBAPI connection referenced internally. The DBAPI connection is typically restored back to the connection-holding Pool referenced by the Engine that produced this Connection. Any transactional state present on the DBAPI connection is also unconditionally released via the DBAPI connection's rollback() method, regardless of any Transaction object that may be outstanding with regards to this Connection.
After close() is called, the Connection is permanently in a closed state, and will allow no further operations.
- closed¶
Return True if this connection is closed.
- connect()¶
Returns self.
This Connectable interface method returns self, allowing Connections to be used interchangeably with Engines in most situations that require a bind.
- connection¶
The underlying DB-API connection managed by this Connection.
- contextual_connect(**kwargs)¶
Returns self.
This Connectable interface method returns self, allowing Connections to be used interchangeably with Engines in most situations that require a bind.
- create(entity, **kwargs)¶
Emit CREATE statements for the given schema entity.
Deprecated since version 0.7: Use the create() method on the given schema object directly, i.e. Table.create(), Index.create(), MetaData.create_all()
- detach()¶
Detach the underlying DB-API connection from its connection pool.
This Connection instance will remain usable. When closed, the DB-API connection will be literally closed and not returned to its pool. The pool will typically lazily create a new connection to replace the detached connection.
This method can be used to insulate the rest of an application from a modified state on a connection (such as a transaction isolation level or similar). Also see PoolListener for a mechanism to modify connection state when connections leave and return to their connection pool.
- drop(entity, **kwargs)¶
Emit DROP statements for the given schema entity.
Deprecated since version 0.7: Use the drop() method on the given schema object directly, i.e. Table.drop(), Index.drop(), MetaData.drop_all()
- execute(object, *multiparams, **params)¶
Executes the a SQL statement construct and returns a ResultProxy.
- object –
The statement to be executed. May be one of:
- a plain string
- any ClauseElement construct that is also a subclass of Executable, such as a select() construct
- a FunctionElement, such as that generated by func, will be automatically wrapped in a SELECT statement, which is then executed.
- a DDLElement object
- a DefaultGenerator object
- a Compiled object
- *multiparams/**params –
represent bound parameter values to be used in the execution. Typically, the format is either a collection of one or more dictionaries passed to *multiparams:
conn.execute( table.insert(), {"id":1, "value":"v1"}, {"id":2, "value":"v2"} )
...or individual key/values interpreted by **params:
conn.execute( table.insert(), id=1, value="v1" )
In the case that a plain SQL string is passed, and the underlying DBAPI accepts positional bind parameters, a collection of tuples or individual values in *multiparams may be passed:
conn.execute( "INSERT INTO table (id, value) VALUES (?, ?)", (1, "v1"), (2, "v2") ) conn.execute( "INSERT INTO table (id, value) VALUES (?, ?)", 1, "v1" )
Note above, the usage of a question mark "?" or other symbol is contingent upon the "paramstyle" accepted by the DBAPI in use, which may be any of "qmark", "named", "pyformat", "format", "numeric". See pep-249 for details on paramstyle.
To execute a textual SQL statement which uses bound parameters in a DBAPI-agnostic way, use the text() construct.
- object –
- execution_options(**opt)¶
Set non-SQL options for the connection which take effect during execution.
The method returns a copy of this Connection which references the same underlying DBAPI connection, but also defines the given execution options which will take effect for a call to execute(). As the new Connection references the same underlying resource, it is probably best to ensure that the copies would be discarded immediately, which is implicit if used as in:
result = connection.execution_options(stream_results=True).\ execute(stmt)
Connection.execution_options() accepts all options as those accepted by Executable.execution_options(). Additionally, it includes options that are applicable only to Connection.
- autocommit – Available on: Connection, statement. When True, a COMMIT will be invoked after execution when executed in 'autocommit' mode, i.e. when an explicit transaction is not begun on the connection. Note that DBAPI connections by default are always in a transaction - SQLAlchemy uses rules applied to different kinds of statements to determine if COMMIT will be invoked in order to provide its "autocommit" feature. Typically, all INSERT/UPDATE/DELETE statements as well as CREATE/DROP statements have autocommit behavior enabled; SELECT constructs do not. Use this option when invoking a SELECT or other specific SQL construct where COMMIT is desired (typically when calling stored procedures and such), and an explicit transaction is not in progress.
- compiled_cache –
Available on: Connection. A dictionary where Compiled objects will be cached when the Connection compiles a clause expression into a Compiled object. It is the user's responsibility to manage the size of this dictionary, which will have keys corresponding to the dialect, clause element, the column names within the VALUES or SET clause of an INSERT or UPDATE, as well as the "batch" mode for an INSERT or UPDATE statement. The format of this dictionary is not guaranteed to stay the same in future releases.
Note that the ORM makes use of its own "compiled" caches for some operations, including flush operations. The caching used by the ORM internally supersedes a cache dictionary specified here.
- isolation_level –
Available on: Connection. Set the transaction isolation level for the lifespan of this connection. Valid values include those string values accepted by the isolation_level parameter passed to create_engine(), and are database specific, including those for SQLite, PostgreSQL - see those dialect's documentation for further info.
Note that this option necessarily affects the underlying DBAPI connection for the lifespan of the originating Connection, and is not per-execution. This setting is not removed until the underlying DBAPI connection is returned to the connection pool, i.e. the Connection.close() method is called.
- no_parameters –
When True, if the final parameter list or dictionary is totally empty, will invoke the statement on the cursor as cursor.execute(statement), not passing the parameter collection at all. Some DBAPIs such as psycopg2 and mysql-python consider percent signs as significant only when parameters are present; this option allows code to generate SQL containing percent signs (and possibly other characters) that is neutral regarding whether it's executed by the DBAPI or piped into a script that's later invoked by command line tools.
New in version 0.7.6.
- stream_results – Available on: Connection, statement. Indicate to the dialect that results should be "streamed" and not pre-buffered, if possible. This is a limitation of many DBAPIs. The flag is currently understood only by the psycopg2 dialect.
- in_transaction()¶
Return True if a transaction is in progress.
- info¶
A collection of per-DB-API connection instance properties.
- invalidate(exception=None)¶
Invalidate the underlying DBAPI connection associated with this Connection.
The underlying DB-API connection is literally closed (if possible), and is discarded. Its source connection pool will typically lazily create a new connection to replace it.
Upon the next usage, this Connection will attempt to reconnect to the pool with a new connection.
Transactions in progress remain in an "opened" state (even though the actual transaction is gone); these must be explicitly rolled back before a reconnect on this Connection can proceed. This is to prevent applications from accidentally continuing their transactional operations in a non-transactional state.
- invalidated¶
Return True if this connection was invalidated.
- reflecttable(table, include_columns=None)¶
Load table description from the database.
Given a Table object, reflect its columns and properties from the database, populating the given Table object with attributes.. If include_columns (a list or set) is specified, limit the autoload to the given column names.
The default implementation uses the Inspector interface to provide the output, building upon the granular table/column/ constraint etc. methods of Dialect.
- run_callable(callable_, *args, **kwargs)¶
Given a callable object or function, execute it, passing a Connection as the first argument.
The given *args and **kwargs are passed subsequent to the Connection argument.
This function, along with Engine.run_callable(), allows a function to be run with a Connection or Engine object without the need to know which one is being dealt with.
- scalar(object, *multiparams, **params)¶
Executes and returns the first column of the first row.
The underlying result/cursor is closed after execution.
- transaction(callable_, *args, **kwargs)¶
Execute the given function within a transaction boundary.
The function is passed this Connection as the first argument, followed by the given *args and **kwargs, e.g.:
def do_something(conn, x, y): conn.execute("some statement", {'x':x, 'y':y}) conn.transaction(do_something, 5, 10)
The operations inside the function are all invoked within the context of a single Transaction. Upon success, the transaction is committed. If an exception is raised, the transaction is rolled back before propagating the exception.
The transaction() method is superseded by the usage of the Python with: statement, which can be used with Connection.begin():
with conn.begin(): conn.execute("some statement", {'x':5, 'y':10})
As well as with Engine.begin():
with engine.begin() as conn: conn.execute("some statement", {'x':5, 'y':10})
See also:
Engine.begin() - engine-level transactional context
Engine.transaction() - engine-level version of Connection.transaction()
- class sqlalchemy.engine.base.Connectable¶
Bases: object
Interface for an object which supports execution of SQL constructs.
The two implementations of Connectable are Connection and Engine.
Connectable must also implement the 'dialect' member which references a Dialect instance.
- connect(**kwargs)¶
Return a Connection object.
Depending on context, this may be self if this object is already an instance of Connection, or a newly procured Connection if this object is an instance of Engine.
- contextual_connect()¶
Return a Connection object which may be part of an ongoing context.
Depending on context, this may be self if this object is already an instance of Connection, or a newly procured Connection if this object is an instance of Engine.
- create(entity, **kwargs)¶
Emit CREATE statements for the given schema entity.
Deprecated since version 0.7: Use the create() method on the given schema object directly, i.e. Table.create(), Index.create(), MetaData.create_all()
- drop(entity, **kwargs)¶
Emit DROP statements for the given schema entity.
Deprecated since version 0.7: Use the drop() method on the given schema object directly, i.e. Table.drop(), Index.drop(), MetaData.drop_all()
- execute(object, *multiparams, **params)¶
Executes the given construct and returns a ResultProxy.
- scalar(object, *multiparams, **params)¶
Executes and returns the first column of the first row.
The underlying cursor is closed after execution.
- class sqlalchemy.engine.base.Engine(pool, dialect, url, logging_name=None, echo=None, proxy=None, execution_options=None)¶
Bases: sqlalchemy.engine.base.Connectable, sqlalchemy.log.Identified
Connects a Pool and Dialect together to provide a source of database connectivity and behavior.
An Engine object is instantiated publicly using the create_engine() function.
See also:
Working with Engines and Connections
- begin(close_with_result=False)¶
Return a context manager delivering a Connection with a Transaction established.
with engine.begin() as conn: conn.execute("insert into table (x, y, z) values (1, 2, 3)") conn.execute("my_special_procedure(5)")
Upon successful operation, the Transaction is committed. If an error is raised, the Transaction is rolled back.
The close_with_result flag is normally False, and indicates that the Connection will be closed when the operation is complete. When set to True, it indicates the Connection is in "single use" mode, where the ResultProxy returned by the first call to Connection.execute() will close the Connection when that ResultProxy has exhausted all result rows.
New in version 0.7.6.
See also:
Engine.connect() - procure a Connection from an Engine.
Connection.begin() - start a Transaction for a particular Connection.
- connect(**kwargs)¶
Return a new Connection object.
The Connection object is a facade that uses a DBAPI connection internally in order to communicate with the database. This connection is procured from the connection-holding Pool referenced by this Engine. When the close() method of the Connection object is called, the underlying DBAPI connection is then returned to the connection pool, where it may be used again in a subsequent call to connect().
- contextual_connect(close_with_result=False, **kwargs)¶
Return a Connection object which may be part of some ongoing context.
By default, this method does the same thing as Engine.connect(). Subclasses of Engine may override this method to provide contextual behavior.
Parameters: close_with_result – When True, the first ResultProxy created by the Connection will call the Connection.close() method of that connection as soon as any pending result rows are exhausted. This is used to supply the "connectionless execution" behavior provided by the Engine.execute() method.
- create(entity, connection=None, **kwargs)¶
Emit CREATE statements for the given schema entity.
Deprecated since version 0.7: Use the create() method on the given schema object directly, i.e. Table.create(), Index.create(), MetaData.create_all()
- dispose()¶
Dispose of the connection pool used by this Engine.
A new connection pool is created immediately after the old one has been disposed. This new pool, like all SQLAlchemy connection pools, does not make any actual connections to the database until one is first requested.
This method has two general use cases:
- When a dropped connection is detected, it is assumed that all connections held by the pool are potentially dropped, and the entire pool is replaced.
- An application may want to use dispose() within a test suite that is creating multiple engines.
It is critical to note that dispose() does not guarantee that the application will release all open database connections - only those connections that are checked into the pool are closed. Connections which remain checked out or have been detached from the engine are not affected.
- driver¶
Driver name of the Dialect in use by this Engine.
- drop(entity, connection=None, **kwargs)¶
Emit DROP statements for the given schema entity.
Deprecated since version 0.7: Use the drop() method on the given schema object directly, i.e. Table.drop(), Index.drop(), MetaData.drop_all()
- execute(statement, *multiparams, **params)¶
Executes the given construct and returns a ResultProxy.
The arguments are the same as those used by Connection.execute().
Here, a Connection is acquired using the contextual_connect() method, and the statement executed with that connection. The returned ResultProxy is flagged such that when the ResultProxy is exhausted and its underlying cursor is closed, the Connection created here will also be closed, which allows its associated DBAPI connection resource to be returned to the connection pool.
- name¶
String name of the Dialect in use by this Engine.
- raw_connection()¶
Return a "raw" DBAPI connection from the connection pool.
The returned object is a proxied version of the DBAPI connection object used by the underlying driver in use. The object will have all the same behavior as the real DBAPI connection, except that its close() method will result in the connection being returned to the pool, rather than being closed for real.
This method provides direct DBAPI connection access for special situations. In most situations, the Connection object should be used, which is procured using the Engine.connect() method.
- reflecttable(table, connection=None, include_columns=None)¶
Load table description from the database.
Uses the given Connection, or if None produces its own Connection, and passes the table and include_columns arguments onto that Connection object's Connection.reflecttable() method. The Table object is then populated with new attributes.
- run_callable(callable_, *args, **kwargs)¶
Given a callable object or function, execute it, passing a Connection as the first argument.
The given *args and **kwargs are passed subsequent to the Connection argument.
This function, along with Connection.run_callable(), allows a function to be run with a Connection or Engine object without the need to know which one is being dealt with.
- table_names(schema=None, connection=None)¶
Return a list of all table names available in the database.
- schema – Optional, retrieve names from a non-default schema.
- connection – Optional, use a specified connection. Default is the contextual_connect for this Engine.
- text(text, *args, **kwargs)¶
Return a text() construct,
Deprecated since version 0.7: Use expression.text() to create text constructs.
bound to this engine.
This is equivalent to:
text("SELECT * FROM table", bind=engine)
- transaction(callable_, *args, **kwargs)¶
Execute the given function within a transaction boundary.
The function is passed a Connection newly procured from Engine.contextual_connect() as the first argument, followed by the given *args and **kwargs.
def do_something(conn, x, y): conn.execute("some statement", {'x':x, 'y':y}) engine.transaction(do_something, 5, 10)
The operations inside the function are all invoked within the context of a single Transaction. Upon success, the transaction is committed. If an exception is raised, the transaction is rolled back before propagating the exception.
The transaction() method is superseded by the usage of the Python with: statement, which can be used with Engine.begin():
with engine.begin() as conn: conn.execute("some statement", {'x':5, 'y':10})
See also:
Engine.begin() - engine-level transactional context
Connection.transaction() - connection-level version of Engine.transaction()
- update_execution_options(**opt)¶
Update the default execution_options dictionary of this Engine.
The given keys/values in **opt are added to the default execution options that will be used for all connections. The initial contents of this dictionary can be sent via the execution_options parameter to create_engine().
See Connection.execution_options() for more details on execution options.
- class sqlalchemy.engine.base.NestedTransaction(connection, parent)¶
Bases: sqlalchemy.engine.base.Transaction
Represent a 'nested', or SAVEPOINT transaction.
A new NestedTransaction object may be procured using the Connection.begin_nested() method.
The interface is the same as that of Transaction.
- class sqlalchemy.engine.base.ResultProxy(context)¶
Wraps a DB-API cursor object to provide easier access to row columns.
Individual columns may be accessed by their integer position, case-insensitive column name, or by schema.Column object. e.g.:
row = fetchone() col1 = row[0] # access via integer position col2 = row['col2'] # access via name col3 = row[mytable.c.mycol] # access via Column object.
ResultProxy also handles post-processing of result column data using TypeEngine objects, which are referenced from the originating SQL statement that produced this result set.
- close(_autoclose_connection=True)¶
Close this ResultProxy.
Closes the underlying DBAPI cursor corresponding to the execution.
Note that any data cached within this ResultProxy is still available. For some types of results, this may include buffered rows.
If this ResultProxy was generated from an implicit execution, the underlying Connection will also be closed (returns the underlying DBAPI connection to the connection pool.)
This method is called automatically when:
- all result rows are exhausted using the fetchXXX() methods.
- cursor.description is None.
- fetchall()¶
Fetch all rows, just like DB-API cursor.fetchall().
- fetchmany(size=None)¶
Fetch many rows, just like DB-API cursor.fetchmany(size=cursor.arraysize).
If rows are present, the cursor remains open after this is called. Else the cursor is automatically closed and an empty list is returned.
- fetchone()¶
Fetch one row, just like DB-API cursor.fetchone().
If a row is present, the cursor remains open after this is called. Else the cursor is automatically closed and None is returned.
- first()¶
Fetch the first row and then close the result set unconditionally.
Returns None if no row is present.
- inserted_primary_key¶
Return the primary key for the row just inserted.
The return value is a list of scalar values corresponding to the list of primary key columns in the target table.
This only applies to single row insert() constructs which did not explicitly specify Insert.returning().
Note that primary key columns which specify a server_default clause, or otherwise do not qualify as "autoincrement" columns (see the notes at Column), and were generated using the database-side default, will appear in this list as None unless the backend supports "returning" and the insert statement executed with the "implicit returning" enabled.
- is_insert¶
True if this ResultProxy is the result of a executing an expression language compiled expression.insert() construct.
When True, this implies that the inserted_primary_key attribute is accessible, assuming the statement did not include a user defined "returning" construct.
- keys()¶
Return the current set of string keys for rows.
- last_inserted_ids()¶
Return the primary key for the row just inserted.
Deprecated since version 0.6: Use ResultProxy.inserted_primary_key
- last_inserted_params()¶
Return the collection of inserted parameters from this execution.
- last_updated_params()¶
Return the collection of updated parameters from this execution.
- lastrow_has_defaults()¶
Return lastrow_has_defaults() from the underlying ExecutionContext.
See ExecutionContext for details.
- lastrowid¶
return the 'lastrowid' accessor on the DBAPI cursor.
This is a DBAPI specific method and is only functional for those backends which support it, for statements where it is appropriate. It's behavior is not consistent across backends.
Usage of this method is normally unnecessary; the inserted_primary_key attribute provides a tuple of primary key values for a newly inserted row, regardless of database backend.
- postfetch_cols()¶
Return postfetch_cols() from the underlying ExecutionContext.
See ExecutionContext for details.
- returns_rows¶
True if this ResultProxy returns rows.
I.e. if it is legal to call the methods fetchone(), fetchmany() fetchall().
- rowcount¶
Return the 'rowcount' for this result.
The 'rowcount' reports the number of rows matched by the WHERE criterion of an UPDATE or DELETE statement.
Notes regarding ResultProxy.rowcount:
- This attribute returns the number of rows matched, which is not necessarily the same as the number of rows that were actually modified - an UPDATE statement, for example, may have no net change on a given row if the SET values given are the same as those present in the row already. Such a row would be matched but not modified. On backends that feature both styles, such as MySQL, rowcount is configured by default to return the match count in all cases.
- ResultProxy.rowcount is only useful in conjunction with an UPDATE or DELETE statement. Contrary to what the Python DBAPI says, it does not return the number of rows available from the results of a SELECT statement as DBAPIs cannot support this functionality when rows are unbuffered.
- ResultProxy.rowcount may not be fully implemented by all dialects. In particular, most DBAPIs do not support an aggregate rowcount result from an executemany call. The ResultProxy.supports_sane_rowcount() and ResultProxy.supports_sane_multi_rowcount() methods will report from the dialect if each usage is known to be supported.
- Statements that use RETURNING may not return a correct rowcount.
- scalar()¶
Fetch the first column of the first row, and close the result set.
Returns None if no row is present.
- supports_sane_multi_rowcount()¶
Return supports_sane_multi_rowcount from the dialect.
See ResultProxy.rowcount for background.
- supports_sane_rowcount()¶
Return supports_sane_rowcount from the dialect.
See ResultProxy.rowcount for background.
- class sqlalchemy.engine.base.RowProxy(parent, row, processors, keymap)¶
Proxy values from a single cursor row.
Mostly follows "ordered dictionary" behavior, mapping result values to the string-based column name, the integer position of the result in the row, as well as Column instances which can be mapped to the original Columns that produced this result set (for results that correspond to constructed SQL expressions).
- has_key(key)¶
Return True if this RowProxy contains the given key.
- items()¶
Return a list of tuples, each tuple containing a key/value pair.
- keys()¶
Return the list of keys as strings represented by this RowProxy.
- class sqlalchemy.engine.base.Transaction(connection, parent)¶
Bases: object
Represent a database transaction in progress.
The Transaction object is procured by calling the begin() method of Connection:
from sqlalchemy import create_engine engine = create_engine("postgresql://scott:tiger@localhost/test") connection = engine.connect() trans = connection.begin() connection.execute("insert into x (a, b) values (1, 2)") trans.commit()
The object provides rollback() and commit() methods in order to control transaction boundaries. It also implements a context manager interface so that the Python with statement can be used with the Connection.begin() method:
with connection.begin(): connection.execute("insert into x (a, b) values (1, 2)")
The Transaction object is not threadsafe.
See also: Connection.begin(), Connection.begin_twophase(), Connection.begin_nested().
- close()¶
Close this Transaction.
If this transaction is the base transaction in a begin/commit nesting, the transaction will rollback(). Otherwise, the method returns.
This is used to cancel a Transaction without affecting the scope of an enclosing transaction.
- commit()¶
Commit this Transaction.
- rollback()¶
Roll back this Transaction.
- class sqlalchemy.engine.base.TwoPhaseTransaction(connection, xid)¶
Bases: sqlalchemy.engine.base.Transaction
Represent a two-phase transaction.
A new TwoPhaseTransaction object may be procured using the Connection.begin_twophase() method.
The interface is the same as that of Transaction with the addition of the prepare() method.
- prepare()¶
Prepare this TwoPhaseTransaction.
After a PREPARE, the transaction can be committed.


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When I stand with my feet flat and together, then lift myself onto my toes repeatedly. It's a pretty good calf workout, and I do about three reps of 100. Is there a name for this exercise/movement?
Take the 2-minute tour ×
Physical Fitness Stack Exchange is a question and answer site for physical fitness professionals, athletes, trainers, and those providing health-related needs. It's 100% free, no registration required.
Those are Calf Raises. Calf raises are used to strengthen the lower legs. Calf raises may sometimes help with shin splints depending on the location of the pain.
Toe raises are the opposite lift and should be done in conjunction to avoid muscle imbalances. Stand flat footed and lift your toes towards your shin bone.


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The Community of Disc Golfers and About All Things Disc Golf
So I'm looking for a few ce firebirds to hang on my wall. I would like them to be new or if used to have a clean looking face (front). I have paypal or cash aswell as trade. Here is a short list of some trade discs I have
All new listed below
1st run hammer
hammer of thor
1st run lynx
1st run condor
1st run jaguar
10x eagle
11x eagle
ce eagles
japan rocs
metalhead viper 1st run
1993 vipers
pearly champ tl's from 2002-2003
1st run gazelle
1st run star destroyer
2nd run innova apple
11x gazelles
and much more stuff. just listed a few or what I recall. Of course I would do multiple discs for certain ce firebirds. Just ask and I will see if I have any discs you want for the trade or shot me a price, thanks
Views: 38
© 2015 Created by Terry "the Pirate" Calhoun.


text:
Dortmund VS City --- 1-1
This was one hell of a game, even tho the scoreline isn't showing it, but Dortmund pretty much dominated the game with shots, but City had possession and also their share of shots. Dortmund capitalize on a mistake from Rodwell and City got tie back with a PK, which was questionable nevertheless, but given. Dortmund hit the post about 2-3 times, and they had at least another good 2-3 chances and also 3-4 one on ones with Hart. He (Hart) came up big a lot of times.
In all it was a good game, Dortmund was the better side, but City fought back to give them the three points.
Madrid VS Ajax --- 4-1
Well Madrid dominated this game from right, left and centre, with CR scoring a hat trick, thats what 6 goals from him in two games. Next up for them is the Clasico, without Puyol and perhaps Pique, Madrid have the upper hand.
AC Milan VS Zenit --- 3-2
Milan had a two goal lead, before Zenit made a come back, but an OG from Zenit seen them losing to Milan.
Arsenal VS Olympiacos --- 3-1
This Arsenal side is really growing, still they need a lot of work, but can prove to be threat to anyone.
FC Porto VS PSG --- 1-0
Porto dominated this game, even tho the score line isn't showing. PSG was quite terrible in this game.
Other games:
Kiev VS Zagreb --- 2-0
Malaga VS Anderlecht --- 3-0
FC Schalke 04 VS Montpellier --- 2-2