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- Molly O'Connor
- Hopkins, MN
- United States
This conversation is closed.
Where would you place Colony Collapse Disorder in relation to the many other problems facing our society?
Honeybees are responsible for pollinating one out of every three bites of food we consume. They pollinate more than 90% of the fruits and vegetables we eat, resulting in a net input of 36 billion dollars annually to the global economy. In the winter of 2006, a strange phenomenon occurred within honeybee populations in the United States. Without any warning, millions of honeybees disappeared from their hives. No bee carcasses were found, and it was observed that only worker bees were disappearing. Worker bees are responsible for collecting pollen, nectar, raising brood, and other essential hive functions. This loss of worker honeybees resulted in unstable honeybee hives, and led to the most serious die-off of honeybee colonies across the country recorded to date. Scientists have dubbed this occurrence Colony Collapse Disorder (CCD), which is still occurring to this day. It is likely that multiple stresses are causing the collapse of honeybee colonies globally. It is widely believed that honeybees are the "canary in the coal mine" for our environment, and that the disappearance of the honeybee is a sign that our global ecosystem is in peril.
Where would you place Colony Collapse Disorder in relation to the many other problems facing our society? What tools, approaches, and collaborations are required to "get the ball rolling" and lay the groundwork for solving this issue?
Mar 14 2012: E.O. Wilson the famous Biologist once said, 'The earth will do just fine if human's become extinct, but if insects and pollinators go extinct, game over'. (paraphrased)
Mar 15 2012: Sounds wonderful. I think this is the one you were thinking of...
If all mankind were to disappear, the world would regenerate back to the rich state of equilibrium that existed ten thousand years ago. If insects were to vanish, the environment would collapse into chaos.
And here's another EO Wilson quote that I feel is fitting.
We should preserve every scrap of biodiversity as priceless while we learn to use it and come to understand what it means to humanity.
Thanks Craig!Mar 14 2012: If my garden gnomes keep disappearing, I can speculate that they have been stolen. Based upon when i last saw them, I can speculate when it happened. Therefore I can get new gnomes, mount watch and confirm whether my speculations are true when I catch the thief red-handed. Anything wrong in that method? As these are worker bees, their bodies will not be lying dead in nicely organized groups for us to analyze...we won't even see them...picked off by ants and the like. We can only begin our studies based on what we think could have been the factors involved in their disappearance...pure speculation in other words...but a scientist's speculation. What Molly is doing is trying to make us aware of the problem so that we may take an interest and make sure that studies into this field are properly financed. I don't see the problem in that.
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Mar 15 2012: Education should be a major part of a solution to the disappearance of honey bees. If more people knew about the risks that were out there if there were no honey bee pollination than there would be more of a will to start their own hives. The education can also include a portion dedicated to educating them that honey bees do not want to sting you because they will die. I know a lot of people who are more scared and who would like to see bees go, but only because they think that their purpose is to sting or harm you. Through early education you can disprove this and more people would be will to have their own hives for honey bees. I do agree that it speculation is the main route to solving and discovering new solutions to our past, present, and future problem and this can always begin with education.
Mar 15 2012: I know some of the efforts to counteract colony collapse disorder include starting your own bee colony, mason bees have been specifically recommended for this. I do not know much about mason bees, or distribution of native populations of bees throughout the country, or world, but I wonder if us bringing in non-native bees could be a factor contributing to colony collapse disorder. Was there an initial increase in bee populations once they started being used to pollinate cash crops? I am curious how the baseline population of bees compares with the current population.Mar 15 2012: Based on the bio-economic issues associated with CCD I feel that it should be placed fairly high on the list of issues our society faces. Without the bees pollinating our crops, our ability to feed our nations population will drop drastically. This means that CCD will cause a chain reaction, a loss of pollination, less crops, less money, less food, and more hungry people. WE need more research into how we can stop CCD.Mar 15 2012: The book entitled, "Towards Saving the Honeybee" by Gunther Hauk is a great tool for insights into what cocnstitutes a healthy hive. If one has a deep interest in the Honeybee, a further study might be to read " Wisdom of the Bees" by Erik Berrevoets. The movie you referenced is an excellent overview of this crisis. Another great resource is the documentary Film " Vanishing of the Bees".
Aloha, BobbyMar 15 2012: Could it be a microbe? Maybe we should be sequencing microbial communities associated with bees.
Here is a link to another conversation on this
Beesource Beekeeping Forums:
It looks like they have found a consistent colony associated with healthy beehives...Mar 15 2012: Like many are saying, CCD is a mysterious problem with no known causes or solutions. For this reason, I think it is very important to educate people about this issue and hope that by raising awareness, we can also increase funding for research regarding this dilemma. I didn't know about CCD until a couple days ago and this is a thing that has been going on for 6 YEARS. Not only that, but I'm a biology major. There are so many people living in the United States who know nothing about the bee crisis and therefore don't know that it needs funding and attention. I think spreading the word is the first order of business on our bee-saving agenda.
Mar 15 2012: I agree, education on the issues is very important, it will allow the general public to become aware of the issue. HOwever we are still not exactly sure what is causing CCD, so how do we prioritize it on our list of social issues, do we go head first and tell everyone the bees are going to disappear or wait and see what research reveals?
Mar 15 2012: It is fairly common knowledge by now that our honey bee populations are at a very disastrous decline. I first found out about it my freshman year when it was advertised on the side of a milk carton, and since then there have been many news editorials, TV reports, and documentaries explaining the significance of the calamity to the general public. Unfortunately, like the coverage of the Occupy movement, this story is difficult to keep fresh in the minds of a TV audience. What's more, you are right about how hard it is to prioritize it on our list of ever-increasing social issues. We are, however, talking about food, one of our basic needs as human beings. Losing the pollinators of nearly half of our total food stocks will prove devastating to the economy, and more importantly it will potentially cause the deaths of millions of people around the world. We need to address CCD as one of our priorities as far as social issues go.Mar 15 2012: It seems to me that colony collapse disorder is something that should be a top priority in comparison to other problems we are facing. Bees provide a a vital part of ecosystems, providing the ecosystem service of pollination that allows many other trophic levels to exist. From what I can tell research has not yet been conclusive in understanding why this is taking place. I know some suggestions of causes such as parasites, pesticide use, or malnutrition have been thrown around, but I have not heard about how we may be directly causing this, Colonies are transported for hours at a time. Has this added stress been considered when thinking about why there is a decline in honeybees? Are other populations of bees facing losses, or primarily the bees that are used for mass agriculture pollination?
Mar 15 2012: I agree with a lot of the things you bring up Lia. The bees are a fundamental aspect to our food chain and in the species interactions of many communities. I think that we could be a direct cause with all the destructive and harmful things we put into the environment. If if is not directly related to the toxic things we are expelling into the atmosphere every day then there is surely a link to the climate change (which we are directly causing) and the bees decline. Perhaps the bees are facing similar to effects as some species of butterflies. Monarch butterflies migrate every year at a specific time, but since the climate has changed so much recently their migration patters have been throw off. Perhaps those safe effects are happing to the bees, but killing them instead of just changing their biological functions?Mar 15 2012: Colony collapse disorder should be at the top of our list for research in today's society. We need to research the cause of what is happening to these worker honey bees and determine what the cause to their disappearance is. In A New Threat to Honey Bees, the Parasitic Phorid Fly Apocephalus borealis, Andrew Core and colleagues discovered the parasitic fly which kills or disorientates the honey bee. They say that there are no fly colonies around the hive itself, so the fly most likely comes in contact with the worker honey bee when it is away from the hive. I think that if we could spend more time researching this topic then we could possibly find ways to kill this parasitic fly saving our pollinators. If it turns out that they are not the actual cause of the Colony Collapse disorder due to there being no carcasses being found then we could spend time researching other possible effects like climate change in a laboratory. In the big picture it would be cheaper to spend the time doing research on the cause of the disappearance of the honey bee than the amount of money that we would have to spend pollinating our own crops.Mar 14 2012: As a beekeeper and a landscape ecologist I consider all risks to honeybees (to all pollinating insects) to be a huge risk to plant survival - and thus to life in general. CCD is a major issue for the agriculture industry - if agro-chemical products are found to cause or contribute to CCD - It will be the new Silent Spring.
I have not experience CCD, or any other significant bee disease, but since the underlying cause of this disorder is unknown there is no room for complacency.
My gut feeling is that CCD is caused by a combination of factors e.g. a toxic mix of agro-chemicals (much like Gulf War Syndrome) that weakens the bees, together with other stressors such as regular relocation of hives or mono-culture agricultural cropping providing a restricted variety of pollen and nectar sources.
Since the result of CCD is the non return of foraging worker bees - they either
died suddenly on mass from an unknown disease - unlikely,
died suddenly from poisoning or from the effect of previously consuming toxic substances or compounds,
got lost and could not find their way back to the hive, - unknown reason as to why this should happen,
over reached themselves and failed to make it back to the hive - unlikely, but not impossible,
genetic failure - perhaps we have bread less robust bees that drop dead before their allotted time!
Mar 14 2012: I fully agree with your intro statements Heather, CCD is indeed a large risk to not only plant survival, but the survival of many other species as well.
Our understanding of CCD, while entirely incomplete has come a long way since it's first appearance in 2006 and scientists have noted several pathogens and parasites responsible for the collapse of honey bee hives. I am curious as to why you believe that a sudden die off from unknown diseases is an unlikely source of a colonies collapse.
Here is an article about a recently discovered parasitic fly known to affect honey bees and could be a major component of CCD.
All of your points were good, I would just impose caution when ruling out potential factors, especially powerful factors such as diseases.
Mar 14 2012: Hi Tony, I noted disease as the first obvious cause, but stated that in my opion it was unlikley - not impossibe - a disease element may prove to be part of the answer - as a weakening stressor. My reasoning is that since CCD is so widespread in the USA and so catastrophic, the bee world is examining bee populations for disease in great detail and, to my knowledge, no disease determination has been uncovered (I'm not totally up to date, of course, as research is proceeding all the time). If disease was a significant cause it should be present in the remining bees in the colasped colonies or in the hive. I'll read your link with interest.Mar 14 2012: I think for the neophytes out there that we are talking about Honey Bee Health in general. CCD is just a temporary name that stuck and 7 years later we know that there are many factors that are causing Honey Bee Health challenges. The most important is the Varroa destructor mite that is a parasite on many life stages of Honey Bees. Make a fist. Put that fist someplace on your body. That is about how large the Varrroa mite is proportionally on a Honey Bee. Not only does it casue damage directly from feeding on the haemolymph (blood) of the Honey Bee but it casues immunosupression and vectors viruses. Add in the chemicals that beekeepers use directly to control Varroa, environmental toxins that bees are exposed to as they forage from your backyard to the golf course to the lawn that Chemlawn just treated, artifical diets, incomplete natural diets and the stress of prodcution beekeepeing and honey bees just are not healthy. In my mind it is not CCD it is Honey Bee Health and how can we make it better. Where would I rank Honey Bee Health? There are 7 Billion people on earth heading towards 9 who should be eating everyday to stave off famine, wars for resources, plagues and disease. Honey Bees are the keystone, foundational pollinator of agriculture and many parts of the enviroment. You make the decision.
Mar 15 2012: I really like what you say, but you are just arguing that what is happening should should change. Why not suggest a way to change it?
Mar 15 2012: You are corect Clinton. Until one know the real poroblem and associated casues and collateral damage the picture is incomplete. We are not going to change all of the negative inputs into a colony of Honey Bees but if we understand what we can do and make that better then we can then focus on the next challenge. In this century there may seem to be clear cut answers but there are not. Life is a process of negotiation and compromise.
Charles Darwin said something that I have always remembered, To paraphrase, "It is not the strongest of the species that survives;nor the most intelligent that survives. It is the one that is most adaptable to change".Mar 14 2012: Pesticides, herbicides.
Roundup (Monsanto)
Quote: "The pesticide problem
While CCD is a complex issue, no-doubt, much of the developing research points to another cause: newfangled chemicals called systemic pesticides. Instead of being applied to leaves, they are enrobed on seeds and/or entrenched in the soil, allowing for the poison to literally become part of the plant.
Consequently, honeybees bring the systemic pesticides back to the hive in the form of pollen and nectar and store it in their honeycomb. When future generations dip into their reserves, they ingest toxins that target their central nervous system, affect their navigational capabilities and impair their memory. More importantly, the chemicals compromise their immune system – the number one key to fighting any kind of insult to the body, including a virus like IAPV."
Mar 15 2012: Another thing about the pesticide theory is that honey bees are very loyal to certain plants. They tend to follow a set pattern until those flowers are no longer providing them with pollen and nectar and then they will move on. If the pesticides are truly getting into the plants then every time that worker bee obtains resources from the same plants, it's as if they are bringing more pesticide into the hive and exacerbating the situation. Thank you so much for the information.Mar 14 2012: The fact that we all know these issues and problems but governments wont support the people like you and me trying to raise awareness and action. Social media needs to change to being just social to social actions lots of people are try to get productivity on lots of thretening issues and problems we need real united efforts and actions to make real lasting solutions. we all put lots of energy to are debates and logic but we don't produce lasting results. maybe some people like us are trying so how do we get them connected and moving beyond are busy lives we need big amounts of people that support this idea. I'm how many ted members are and can make lasting changes I'm try to contact you all because were all fed up with people doing nothing or they don't have what they need to get to work on it the world economy and governmants need to work but because of poor or none educated people with 0 ability thats the problem I'm just saying what you all already know so stand up and get people to become more interacted on this topic.
Mar 15 2012: Solidus, I think you make a great point that WE know about colony collapse disorder being a problem. Where I think we're lacking is that the majority of people around the world are just learning about it. Colony collapse disorder was first observed in the US over the winter of 2006/2007 and it's now 5 years later and the general public is just beginning to get the word and the understanding. Do you have any ideas on how we could get help to get the word out to more people around the world and how we can motivate them to encourage their respective governments to support research and action?Mar 14 2012: I would place CCD at the top of the list for problems that need immediate, nation-wide attention. The implications of honey bees disappearing are far reaching and would affect the public fairly rapidly, compared to other environmental concerns. The fact that the symbiotic relationship between bees and flowering plants is collapsing is nothing short of devastating. This relationship has been flourishing for millions of years, and such a sudden collapse is not natural or normal in any way. So much of our world depends upon the pollination of plants. No society could make it through a decade without bees, at least not without morbid consequences. If there is any issue the nation, and world, needs to work together to get to the bottom of, it is this one. As far as the impact on humanity, this makes a 'silent spring' seem like a minor, insignificant issue. The nation was able to put priority on discovering and fixing what was wrong with our national bird in the 1960s. An issue that threatens our food supply should be that much more of a priority. This is potentially a national security issue that dwarfs terrorism. Educating the public will help "get the ball rolling". The idea of bees declining scares people, but it seems no one knows the potential consequences or doesn't want to think about them. Haagen-Dazs is doing a good job raising awareness. They know that if there's a decline in bees they will be deeply impacted. Other food companies should become aware of the potential losses they will face if this trend continues. I feel that if our nation made this a priority we would be able to solve this issue like we have been able to in the past. Humanity has able to accomplish what were once impossible feats, and saving the honey bees could be our chance to prove ourselves again.
Mar 15 2012: I totally agree with you; CCD is a problem that needs immediate action. And I really like your idea of spreading awareness through the actions of food companies. These companies will be directly affected by the loss of pollinators and, because they depend on bees for their livelihood, food companies should be investing heavily in research and conservation efforts. It would make sense for them to be legitimately concerned about this issue, as CCD could completely change the food industry. In addition, I think the FDA and the FAO should be helping to raise awareness on both a national and global scale, and public education is the first step in resolving this kind of issue.Mar 14 2012: How many people have come across lone bees not covered in pollen,just sitting there,sluggishly moving it's antennae,it may move forward abit then freeze?i've taken a few out to flowers left them there comeback a few hours later and found it dead.Can't say it's not natural way for them to die off but i did find it strange how sluggish the bee's was considering they looked in perfect health.
Mar 15 2012: I believe that's part of the problem Ken. If a honey bee knows that it is dying, it will leave the hive. Bee keepers have seen the sizes of their hives decreasing and yet there are no bee carcasses for them to study or take somewhere for study. Without a body, it's hard to determine the cause of death. As for the strange behavior, the hard part there is that it could be caused by a lot of things. Internal parasites could be having an affect on organs. Pesticide poisoning could be affecting them. It's a situation where we need the dead bees to study and determine what the cause is, because as you stated, they look normal and then they're dead.Mar 14 2012: The fact that 90% of our fruits and vegetables are a result of the pollination done by honeybees, I believe, is a great reason for us to be worried about our future without them. What baffles me is their mysterious disappearance! If there are no carcasses then where did they go?
As for their importance on our list of environmental issues facing our society, I believe that honeybees are tied into each in every issue. Be it the loss of genetic diversity among many species, climate change, water pollution, or even pesticide use. Since the reason for C.C.D. remains unknown, I think it's completely valid for us to consider it a high priority issue. To take something as C.C.D. lightly seems quite naive, as it is a phenomenon that is unexplained. The cost of replacing honeybee pollination practices with manual labor of pollinating our fruits and vegetable seems unimaginable to me. The best way to tackle this issue on the rise would be to research each and every thing that could be causing C.C.D. If that means we must take educated guesses then that may be the price we have to pay. The survival of the honey bees seems critical to not only many plant species but us, humans, as well.
Mar 15 2012: Potential reasons that there are no carcasses - predators are consuming them, or perhaps CCD is caused more so by reproductive barriers than the mass death of worker bees? I have to do some more research on the subject, but is it possible at all that the reduction in the worker bee population can be attributed to the queen bee not producing as many eggs?Mar 14 2012: Back in 2006 when it hit worldwide i immediately jumped on the "It's the Wi-Fi" which in my country was starting to take it's place in gadgets.i thought that overlapping spheres of signals disrupted the bees sense of placement position.I won a dvd in the local net magazine for best hysteria speculation.
I'm going to read all these links as i haven't seen a swarm in years.I guess if we lose them we'll be too busy hand pollinating all day to worry about war.
Mar 14 2012: Ken, that is a possibility, although I cannot find any peer reviewed research on the topic.
What is scary is that in the past, bees have disappeared before, but not at this caliber. It could possibly be caused by new factors that are introduced or have changed over time (such as pesticides,cellular signal, or cilmate change, etc). So, that is why it is good to keep our minds open because the world has been changing, but as we can see the honeybee cannot adapt as quickly to this change. That is why for the last 6 years Colony Collapse Disorder has been a threat to honeybee populations. Let us hope we don't need to start had pollinating our crops.
Mar 15 2012: Hi molly,i came across this
Our reliance on just the honey bees could be the problem,we might have to diversify.
Mar 15 2012: good article Ken. Speaking of other pollinators, has everyone forgotten about our native pollinator, the bumblebee? I think one thread mentioned it below. Honeybees are an invasive species from Europe that are good at pollinating large monoculture crops, while bumblebees are better at pollinating diverse tracts of land, like meadows and gardens. As many have said, the real problem here is our current way of doing things, i.e. current large-scale agriculture, for SO many reasons, not least of which is that the current way we are going about pollinating is unsustainable. If we change the way we do things, either the honeybees themselves could come back, or, we can give other pollinators the chance to pick up the slack. We always want to "fix" the problem by fixing the bees - maybe we need to fix ourselves! They have been around a whole lot longer than we have!!!Mar 15 2012: This is a somewhat unlikely explanation.
Quite a bit is known about how bees navigate and communicate (all of which is fascinating!). Much of this work was done by Karl von Frisch and co.:
which was work for which they won the Nobel Prize.
It's believed that bees navigate using one of two cues: either the position of the sun in the sky, or the polarization of the sky (http://www.polarization.com/sky/sky.html). Polarization of light is something that us humans can't pick up, but some insects have evolved to be able to detect it. By combining these two navigation tools they can orient themselves even on a cloudy day.
Since neither of these techniques is sensitive to microwave radiation (what cell phones use) it doesn't seem that tons of cell phone towers are a likely explanation.
To ramble a little more away from CCD...what do bees do with all this navigational equipment? Well, for one they use it to get to and from the colony. But they also pass on this information to other bees! When a bee comes back to the colony it does this dance, I think the technical term is "waggle dance," in which the "steps" encode a message about where food is. They relay information both about how far away the food is and what angle relative to the sun other bees need to travel at to reach the food.
Pretty clever for such a small insect!
Mar 15 2012: Oh, yeah i knew that,but at the time all i could think of was how every living creature, except for a few, carry magnetite? particles? that help in general orientation,i think we have it in our ears or cells i can't remember.it was almost a superstitious reaction i had though i do remember that i had an argument with a friend over sunspot activity,it was rubbish.Mar 14 2012: The impact of Colony Collapse Disorder is quite vast and potentially can bring a world of destruction to not only the US, but also the rest of the world. But I'm quite curious as to the basic evolutionary principles behind this event. We have lots of agriculture that requires pollination from European Honeybees, but there are a variety of other bee species that exist. If, god forbid, we lost all Apis mellifera, wouldn't solitary bees and other bee species thrive from the empty niche that is created?
Mar 14 2012: It's definitely something to consider. If there were to be a vacancy in pollination from the loss of the honey bees, would something else step in to meet the need for pollination, be it mason bees, or hummingbirds, flies, bats, etc.? I know from watching an episode of Nature called Silence of the Bees, that in China they experienced a loss of honey bees that were pollinating their pear trees and now those trees are hand pollinated by humans. It's a rather lengthy process of collecting the pollen, drying it for 2 days and then returning with chicken feathers and using those as a paintbrush to apply the pollen back to the flowers.
Here's a link to the episode.Mar 14 2012: I agree that when a species does go to extinction the open niche that is left behind will quickly be filled. In some cases the species that fills the gap will be able to preform very similarly as the extinct species and keep the social structure running smoothly. However if there is not a species that can fill the niche with similar characteristics then this will have ripple effects through the whole community. Community structure is highly dependent of all of the organisms within it and their interactions. If one link to the whole structure is weakened the whole structure will shift to accommodate the difference. The entire bee community is a fundamental aspect to the basis of many higher beings lifestyles. As Molly opened the conversations with these bee populations are responsible for one of every three bites of food we take. This is huge. Perhaps our focus on climate change should be more specific to the effects it has on the foundation organisms, such as the bees.Mar 14 2012: CCD happens so quickly, could other species respond quickly enough to fill the pollination gap in time to meet the needs of 7 billion hungry humans? I think not.
Other species of bee, such as the bumble bee, does not over winter as a colony - only the Queen overwinters and lays a new generation each spring - colony building takes time to reach productivity - thus bumble bees would miss early flowering plant species such as cherry and apple. The value of the honeybee is their ability to overwinter as a colony and, therefore, respond in spring quickly.Mar 14 2012: This is certainly a possibility Rishi, however we have to consider the time span when new niches are opened up. In the realm of evolution, new niches for a particular species rarely crop up; They can occur if the extinction of another population occurs (such as your example of losing Apis. Melifera), however they can also occur during foundation events when a species enters a new habitat for the first time.
Needles to say, neither of these events happen often and, although evolution proceeds comparatively rapidly during foundation events we are still talking about hundreds if not thousands (if not much more) of years for a species to adapt and fulfill a niche effectively. Meanwhile the economic losses of losing effective pollinators such as Apis. Melifera would be felt immediately.
Mar 15 2012: That helps put this more into perspective Tony, however, I really want to think about the positive possibilities of such an outcome. Although it will be devastating in the short term, is their any way we can learn from this situation? Perhaps such of a disaster like this may encourage the transition away from a monoculture based agriculture, promote variety among our diet. This is definitely a tragedy upon our hands, but since we are limited in our ability to save these bees, are their other measures we can take to reduce the impact of their loss? The episode on how China copes with the lack of pollination shows human populated plants, although the act is labor intensive this creates jobs. What other measure should we be taking besides trying to save the bees?
Mar 15 2012: Rishi, I was truly thinking along the same lines of how this may become a positive in creating more jobs. As my thought was underway though, I thought, is the creation of more jobs more important than saving our ecosystem? Instantaneously, I shut down that very capitalistic driven thought of mine but, I can see many people taking advantage of the current economic situation and implanting thoughts such as the disappearance of bees being a positive, as it would create more jobs, for personal gains.Mar 15 2012: Rishi, you bring up some interesting points that look at this in a more realistic manner. Since at this point and time we don't necessarily know what to do about the situation, maybe the most important thing that we can do is learn something from this situation instead of wallowing in fear and not accepting the notion of change. Perhaps this will show us the dangers of relying solely on one species and lead us to construct our diets around a more biodiverse cast of food-players. Or maybe new species will even come to fill the newly opened niches and spur the evolution of new species of food plants that end up providing an unimaginable wealth of nutrition, who knows. I think that sometimes the notion of preserving a snapshot of the Earth without regards to the evolutionary plasticity that all organisms experience can be somewhat dangerous. While it can definitely "suck" for something that we're so used to to not exist anymore, I think sometimes we are held back by these emotional connections to familiarity that we have instead of being open-minded to the near-infinite array of possibilities that the future can hold for this planet.Mar 14 2012: Honey bees suffer from the same vulnerabilities that other mono-cultures do. Many people are starting to get into home bee keeping. Perhaps this same approach should be taken with other bee species. Instead of people having their own honey bee hives, they could have bumble bee hives, or some other indigenous bee. Its funny, I wouldn't mind a hive in my yard, but I don't particularly want to do digging in it for honey, so why honey bees? There are many species of bees that are threatened by loss of habitat.
Speaking of mono-cultures, honey bees are severely stressed by agriculture. The problem is, because we are farming monocultures the bees exist in a boom and bust ecosystem. When a crop begins to pollinate, there is too much for local bees to handle, and when the crops are not pollinating, there is not enough wild habitat to sustain them for the rest of the year.
Too overcome this bees are actually trucked all over the continent, chasing the pollination cycles of different crops. This is not natural, and provides greater opportunity for the spread of disease. Poor bees.
In short, grow some flowers, and save some wild bees. You might just indirectly help the honey bees too.
Mar 14 2012: Yes, Scott, its a damning indictment on our agricultural industry that bees (insects / birds in general) do better in the urban environment than in our mono-culture agricultural fields.
With a forage range of 5km some US and canadian flieds are bigger then a bee can fly! A single crop diet is bound to cause problems in nutrient deficiency - yet alone what happends at the end of the crops nectar flow.Mar 13 2012: As I was researching about this topic, I found a great site by the U.S.D.A- A.R.S. (US Department of Agriculture- Agricultural Research Service). The site answers commonly asked questions about C.C.D.
Mar 14 2012: Thank you for adding this link! It definitely provides some good formal insight into what is going on with CCD as well as providing a reputable source for the general public to become more educated on the issue.Mar 13 2012: I would place it below Climate change, but above the conservation of any other species, which means that it is very high. Bees effect so many other species that by saving them, we could feasibly be saving quite a few other species. Seeing as how it is caused by the culmination of many problems, it would make sense that it is very hard to fix, so why not instead have a captive breeding colony that will produce many queens, so that the queens can be entered into the current failing populations. This would just be a temporary fix, until the harder problems are fixed, such as pesticides, parasites, malnutrition, and climate change(which may never be fixed). It would be a way of adding time to the clock, though I don't know how to fix the actual problem.
Mar 14 2012: I agree that climate change should be one of our top priorities because it is affecting a lot of things and species downstream. In addition, I think the scary thing about CCD is that we don't know what's causing it and therefore we don't know how to fix it. It's stressful to think that by the time we commit enough money and research to finding out what is actually wrong, it could be too late.
Mar 15 2012: Well, a few people should take it upon themselves to fund research endeavors to fix the problem, but therein lies the problem. no one is funding this. Therefore, maybe they will just die off. As was said in your presentation, mason bees are a viable substitute, so could we just implement the use of them? If bees aren't protected, are they a possible replacement?
Mar 15 2012: I think the underlying issue is our current treatment of our bees. They are no longer a population of organisms in the eyes of the commercial world. They are a tool that we use like we do machines in a factory, and we are finally seeing that in doing so we are degrading them to non-functionality. We need to shift our focus from finding cures to their diseases so that they can continue to be used as pollinating machines for our general populous, and start treating them like necessary facets to the complex web of life.
I do not mean to personify the honey bee, but I do believe that they have some capacity to understand a bummer situation when they experience it. Commercial bees are trucked and flown around the world at breakneck pace, they are not given adequate rest between pollination cycles, and they are fed high fructose corn syrup while they travel. That is like making a professional athlete practice around the clock without rest on a diet of potato chips and soda. It just isn't going to work out. If we are to resolve this issue, we need to start thinking of the kind of life a healthy bee is accustomed to, rather than trying to patch a miserable existence with futile injections and sprays.Mar 15 2012: Yes, this is a very serious issue because of the potential ramifications it could have on our agriculture and food production. We cannot wait for an agricultural crisis before we take action. I do see the potential for human pollination, and I understand that this would create a large number of jobs, but the disappearance of bees would set off a number of other adverse effects that we cannot account for. For a business to be a sustainable, that business would only be interested in pollinating plants and crops that are needed for food production. I can't see how it would be fiscally responsible for a business to pay pollinators to pollinate plants that do not affect us. However the loss of these other plants would still have far reaching effects on the ecosystem, since many other species probably interact with them and depend on them for survival.Mar 13 2012: This is a very high priority. Get your hands on the new documentary "Queen of the Sun: What are the bees telling us?" for a comprehensive view of the importance of this subject. We must get educated. Then we must raise bees. And learn all the many, many influences that are contributing to this happening.
Mar 14 2012: Yes, exactly! I am seeing the documentary this Sunday. I cannot wait.Mar 13 2012: who would we place it anywhere without knowing what does actually cause it? should we speculate wildly?
Mar 13 2012: In my opinion, the fact that so much about CCD is shrouded in mystery should serve as even more incentive for figuring out the causes for such a disorder, because it can have devastating impacts on both economic and ecologic processes that we so often take for granted. For example, this graph (http://rs.resalliance.org/wp-content/uploads/2007/02/bees.gif) shows the percentages of various crops that rely on bee pollination services. What would our society do if there was all of a sudden either no almonds, blueberries, or apples? Or what if these kinds of food-items suddenly cost an exorbitant amount of money because instead of having populations of bees pollinate them naturally, we have to waste the time and effort of farmers to manually pollinate each tree by hand?
If there were more attention surrounding this issue the causes of it could more easily be identified and possibly prevented, and we can continue to have [relatively] cheap almonds!
Mar 14 2012: Zane, thank you so much for adding this link. I agree with Krisztian that CCD is something very mysterious, but I feel like your link shows just how important honey bees are to society. The PBS show Nature did a program in 2007 called Silence of the Bees, discussing CCD, and in that they discussed pear trees in China that used to be pollinated by honey bees. Due to the loss of bees in China humans now have to collect pollen, dry it, and then hand pollinate each flower using chicken feathers as a pollen dispersal device. (http://www.pbs.org/wnet/nature/episodes/silence-of-the-bees/video-full-episode/251/) Overall, I feel that CCD is mysterious, but it's something that needs to be considered before we lose yet another species and it's associated ecosystem service.Mar 15 2012: I agree with you, Zane. CCD should get attention precisely because we don't know the underlying causes of it, especially since it heavily impacts our economy and environment. Since so much life depends on pollination by bees, CCD should become a priority for research funding and public education programs. When we finally do figure out what causes CCD, we can start to solve the problems facing bees. Who knows, a cause of CCD might be something we already know a bit about but don't fully understand.Mar 13 2012: Speculating wildly is surely preferable to not speculating at all, krisztián. It needs to be investigated and if people really have no idea why it's happening then speculation must be the basis for that investigation.
Comment deleted
Mar 14 2012: The evidence is dead bees. Why are they dead?Mar 15 2012: I agree. Speculation leads to investigation and research.Mar 13 2012: I have heard of this and heard about it. Can you give me links to more data? Preferably good solid scientific sources?
Mar 14 2012: Sharon,
There has been some solid research conducted in recent years. Just this last January an article was published called A New Threat to Honey Bees, the Parasitic Phorid Fly Apocephalus borealis. (http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0029639).
Also, this article called Predictive Markers of Honey Bee Colony Collapse was published this year and is a great resource to look over some recent methods and data analysis techniques. In this paper, they used long term monitoring of colonies and screening for eleven disease agents and genes involved in bee immunity and physiology, so to identify predictive markers of honeybee colony losses during the winter season. (http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0032151)
This is not an article, but it is a very informative congressional report of Honeybee Colony Collapse Disorder. http://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=SxaJTt3KgoEC&oi=fnd&pg=PA1&dq=Colony+Collapse+Disorder&ots=aWa4MKZaCh&sig=suSTozYxhe8emyypnt-RT63VMEo#v=onepage&q=Colony%20Collapse%20Disorder&f=false
Mar 14 2012: Thank you Molly, I'll read up on this in coming days. One of the reasons I asked is because we are staggeringly over run with bees in my personal region. Not honey bees, but many other types, some of which are quite aggressive. I have been trying to get a better read on what is causing this over run. We're currently battling these monster wasps!
Do any of these other, less desirable obviously, bees serve as pollinators?? Not minimizing mind you, just wondering. This is most definitely not my area of expertise.
Mar 14 2012: Hi Sharon! Mason bees are also excellent pollinators and are not an aggressive species. Here's a link with a little information about the great pollination that they support.
The other interesting thing about honey bees and Colony Collapse Disorder is that some of the possible causes are more universal than others. An example of this is that the honey bee mite Varroa destructor is only found in honey bees.Mar 14 2012: They wouldn't be wasps would they sharon? as a island nation our native wasps came under severe competition from their bigger cousins which has now infested our shores,i show no mercy when i come across the more aggressive asian breeds that are here now,i've only seen our small native once in the last two years.If they have very long orange legs don't hesitate kill it.
I think there was an instance a huge colony was found here or somewhere where the new queens couldn't make it out of the colony so they built onto their birth colony,it was exponential and eventually the colony spread across 10 to twenty meters in length,if i was you i would find the greatest concentration of wasps and start looking for something really big.Mar 15 2012: Another piece of research that you might find interesting is:
The researchers on this project (The post-doc on the project was supported by Haagen dazs, a company that depends heavily on honey for their bottom line!) tracked the viruses and bacteria that were native to bee colonies as they were moved across the United States in order to pollinate different crops.
While they didn't find anything that would explain CCD, they did begin to unravel what makes up a "healthy" colony. Some of the most abundant viruses that they found in colonies had never been seen in bees before, and they were only abundant for a couple of months. This suggests that there is probably still a lot to be learned about bee biology!
I think it's important when trying to figure out the cause of a disorder as potentially complicated as CCD to have a good sense of what would be ordinary in a colony. Otherwise you're just shooting in the dark.


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Plantable Event Stationery
Single-Sided 3.5 x 2.5" Seed Paper Name Tag
Make your next corporate event as eco-friendly as possible by using seed paper name tags. Available in the two most common name tag sizes, these plantable tags also act as a giveaway when attendees take them home to grow flowers. if you know your attendee list, take advantage of our variable data option when you submit your full color artwork, and we'll print all those names for you.
Read about how plantable paper works.
Size: 3.5 x 2.5 inches
Make sure to include planting instructions in your artwork.
Pricing includes up to 30% ink coverage. Please note that if your design exceeds this, a price increase may apply. Refer to your invoice, our artwork guidelines or contact us for more details.
Please note a $35 artwork set-up fee will be applied at checkout.

subset: commoncrawl


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News & Exhibits
April 10, 2014
The University Museum in Dimond Library presents its latest exhibition, The Art of Drawing: Works by UNH Studio Art Faculty. It runs from April 4 through June 14, 2014.
The art of drawing has always been considered a fundamental priority of the Studio Art Program at UNH. Guest curator, Craig Hood, says that he hopes this exhibition will give the university community and its visitors an opportunity to have a glimpse of a very basic component of what an art education means to faculty in the Department of Art and Art History.
For more information, visit the University Museum. The Museum is located on Level 1 in Dimond Library in Special Collections & Archives.
April 10, 2014
This summer, the Biological Sciences Library will relocate from Kendall Hall to Dimond Library.
The library in Kendall Hall will close May 30. Materials will be moved to Dimond Library during June and July by a professional company experienced in relocating libraries. During that five-to-six week period, a page system will be used at Dimond to retrieve books for patrons.
The project involves culling resources from both libraries to make room for the combined materials.
There will be a shifting of books currently located on Levels 4 and 5. Additionally, bound periodicals will be integrated with other materials on Levels 4 and 5; journals and magazines that used to be on a separate floor will now be together with the other resources.
Level 2 will house the natural sciences resource center, and include the biological science library and the science materials already located in Dimond Library. The center will have a librarian dedicated to the area, with other services added once that position has been filled. The center will be located in the site of the current periodical room, where a service desk, computers, seating and desks will be added, as will a faculty office.
The entire project is expected to be finished by August, 15th.
April 3, 2014
The Current Periodicals room on Level 2 in Dimond Library will be undergoing construction during the hours or 6:30am-noon on weekdays until April 11. Periodical and newspaper services will be available in the Micromedia room located across the hall. Feel free to continue to use this space but be aware of the disruption in the mornings.
We appreciate your patience while we remodel!
March 18, 2014
Government Information presents its latest featured resource, NOAA's Civil War Coastal Surveys.
In 1807, President Thomas Jefferson established the Survey of the Coast to produce the nautical charts necessary for maritime safety, defense, and the establishment of national boundaries. Within years, the United States Coast Survey was the government's leading scientific agency, charting coastlines and determining land elevations for the nation. In 1861, the agency adjusted quickly to meet the needs of a country at war.
March 18, 2014
The UNH Traditional Jazz Series presents Luciana Souza: Brazilian Duos featuring Romero Lubambo on Monday, March 31 at 8pm in the Johnson Theater at the Paul Creative Arts Center.
Tickets are $8 for general admission and $6 for students and senior citizens. Tickets are available at the PCAC box office, Monday-Friday, 10 a.m.-5 p.m., by calling (603) 862-PCAC (7222), by purchasing tickets online, and at the door one hour prior to performance.
Luciana Souza is one of Jazz's leading singers and interpreters. She was born in São Paulo, Brazil into a family of Bossa Nova innovators. Luciana's work as a performer transcends traditional boundaries around musical styles, covering jazz, world music, and venturing into classical repertoire and new music.
Romero Lubambo's guitar playing unites the styles and rhythms of his native Brazilian musical heritage with his fluency in the American jazz tradition to form a distinctive new sound. From the cool, sophisticated rhythms of his native Brazil to hard bop, Romero is a guitarist who's comfortable in any musical setting. He is an uncommonly gifted soloist and musical improviser with a knack for unpredictable and creative musical thoughts.
The Traditional Jazz Concert Series is co-sponsored by the New Hampshire Library of Traditional Jazz. The library, established in 1978 by Dorothy Prescott, comprises books, recordings, and memorabilia and is housed in Dimond Library. Prescott's generous endowment funds its activities including the Traditional Jazz Series concerts.
For more information, call the UNH Music Department at (603) 862-2404.
March 17, 2014
Join humorist Rebecca Rule on Sunday, April 13, 2014 at 2pm in Dimond Library when she interviews poet Sharon Olds.
The program is free and open to the public, but seating is limited. To register, please use our online form.
Sharon Olds is the winner of several prestigious awards including the Pulitzer Prize for Poetry in 2013 and the National Book Critics Circle Award. She has several published volumes of poetry and is known as "a poet of constant linguistic surprise."
Light refreshments will be served and Olds will be available to sign her books. The event includes an opportunity for questions from the audience and will be recorded by New Hampshire Public Television for broadcast and web streaming.
Three times a year, in the style of Bravo's Inside the Actors Studio, Rebecca Rule serves as host and interviewer for The New Hampshire Authors Series from the Dimond Library at UNH. It features an author who lives, summers, teaches or was born in New Hampshire.
For more information, e-mail firstname.lastname@example.com or call (603) 862-1540.
March 13, 2014
The University will have a delayed opening Thursday, March 13. The UNH Library will be open from 11:00 am to 5:30 pm. Please confirm closing times for all service desks.
For more information, see UNH Emergency and Storm Information
March 6, 2014
The Library is doing a usability test of our space and we need a few participants during March 19-21. It will take about an hour of your time in Dimond Library.
For your participation, you will receive a $15 Dining Services card, good at any Dining location on campus, or a USB flash drive.
If you're interested and available, please contact Kristin Parker.


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45 Years Ago: The Beatles' 'Paul Is Dead' Rumors Hit the Papers
Paul McCartney is alive and well, but a well-placed rumor in 1969 had some thinking otherwise. On September 23, 1969, the Northern Star newspaper of Northern Illinois University published a story claiming that McCartney had been killed in a car crash a few years earlier and had been replaced by a look-alike. A radio station in Detroit picked up on the story and ran with it. Within a month, the story had gone global and Beatles fans worldwide were collectively scratching their heads.
The intrigue led fans everywhere to search for 'clues' on album covers and in songs. A few of these included Paul wearing a black rose in the clip of 'Your Mother Should Know' from 'Magical Mystery Tour,' walking barefoot and out of step on the cover of 'Abbey Road' and appearing with his back to the camera on the back of the 'Sgt. Pepper' sleeve. There are, naturally, deep meanings behind these and the countless other 'clues' conspiracy theorists found. Most famously, one theory suggested that if you played the song 'Revolution 9′ backwards, it sounds vaguely like "Turn me on dead man." Try playing your MP 3 backwards and see what happens!
Though initially amused by the story, McCartney finally decided to clear the decks. "Do I look dead?" he asked a reporter visiting him at his farm, "I'm as fit as a fiddle." Good news for us all, Paul was just fine … still is for that matter, and still out there rocking!


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10 February 2009To celebrate Valentines Day and affairs of the heart, Historic Scotland is offering couples a special promotion on weddings at Edinburgh Castle.
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Can some one explain to me the difference between laser and Tig welding. I know the technical difference but what are some pros and cons? Is Laser welding the new tig welding? If Laser can weld thin/thick and produces stronger more cosmetic welds isn't tig welding going to be slowly phased out? From the limited knowledge i have about laser, the only major setback right now is the cost of machine. As technology advances the price point will slowly decline allowing it into the hands of consumers? Is there some major negative with regards to laser which i am overlooking?
Which companies are major players in the laser welding field?
Results 1 to 6 of 6
Thread: Laser Welding Vs. Tig welding
01-12-2013, 01:38 AM #1Senior Member
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Laser Welding Vs. Tig welding
See if this answers any questions for ya.
I ran a robotic welder a few years ago for a company that makes HD parts. We used a mig setup on our robots where the competition was using laser and theirs sure looked better which is what HD wanted but i don't know if it cost more...BobBob Wright, Grandson of Tee Nee Boat Trailer Founder
Metal Master Fab Salem, Oh 44460
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Spool Gun conversion. How To Do It. Below.
01-12-2013, 11:23 AM #4Senior Member
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Well the cost is obviously a consideration right now but as technology improves, the cost of this technology will obviously come down and become more main stream.
However after reading the article provided by pepi one issue with laser welding replacing TIG is the inability to fill gaps. parts must be machined and fit perfect to be welded due to the thin weld and lack of filler. (or very thin filler)
"There are two different approaches to laser welding. One is the low-power method for relatively thin materials; and the other is the "brute force" high-power approach that generally involves keyholing. In both cases, since filler material is rarely used, a tight fitup of the parts being welded is necessary. For butt and seam welds, the laser energy is applied to the junction of the materials, minimizing heat input and distortion and permitting high processing speeds. However, these butt joints must fit accurately, which often limits laser butt welding to circular parts which can be turned to close tolerances and press-fit together prior to welding."
But laser welding is gaining traction. Does anyone know of who makes quality machines? I wonder if Miller is already in the RD stage?
01-12-2013, 12:58 PM #5Senior Member
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Laser welding is definitely safer for underwater applications.
02-19-2013, 07:29 PM #6Junior Member
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Hi-Tech-Welding in lees summit missouri . We are a tool&die repair shop and we currently have 2 laser welding machines and a micro welding machine. We repair tool & die molds welding parting lines , edm burns, engraving etc. we weld with wire as small as .005 thousands thin to .020 thick. All of these process are done while looking threw a micro scope . We can weld ss,mild steel,aluminum,BE/cu copper, and materials as hard at a2 (60 Rockwell ) . But also we do custom welding on thin parts. A lot of reasons for this is because you conventional tig torch will burn and sink very small parts . I've welded materials as thin as .002 thick together but fusion and no warp in parts. We also have micro tig welding which is done underneath a micro scope and a tig torch and can weld with wire as thin as .015 thousands. Check our website out http://www.hi-tech-welding.com/


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Faculty and Staff Directory
Faculty in the College of Media have earned numerous nominations and awards in both their professional and academic careers. They regularly contribute to the media landscape with books, textbooks, and reference material on topics that include the intersection of culture and advertising, investigative and immersive journalism, and the influence of communications on global issues. The College's faculty members are consistently highly ranked by their students, according to the University's Instructor and Course Evaluation System.
To contact a department head or faculty member, see the complete lists:
- College of Media Administration
- Department of Advertising faculty & staff
- Institute of Communications Research faculty & staff
- Department of Journalism faculty & staff
- Media and Cinema Studies faculty & staff
College Contact Information
119 Gregory Hall
810 S. Wright St., MC-462
Urbana, IL 61801


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Everything Must Go
Drama, Comedy
When an alcoholic relapses, causing him to lose his wife and his job, he holds a yard sale on his front lawn in an attempt to start over. A new neighbor might be the key to his return to form.
Cast: Rebecca Hall, Will Ferrell, Laura Dern, Stephen Root, Michael Peña
Produced by: Wyck Godfrey, Marty Bowen
Directed by: Dan Rush
Written by: Raymond Carver, Dan Rush
Running time: 1hr 40min
Opens: May 13, 2011 Limited
|Theaters for Today
Pick a day
on this day.


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- 22 Resorts
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- Home to Vail, Beaver Creek, Copper Mountain
The Wisconsin Ski Industries Association is offering a very affordable coupon book that is good for a lift ticket at 13 of the state's top ski areas. More
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You never know where you'll go or what you'll come across on a Triumph Adventure bike.
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To the onlooker, Triumph Cruisers could be mistaken for being just about pure classic cruiser style.
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You know the feeling when you just want to keep riding and riding and riding?
Click here to see the Latest Offers from Triumph Motorcycles
Multi-functional padded organiser pack; which can be used as a wash bag or is perfect for PDAs, digital cameras or anything that requires extra protection


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Intertape CAMO Duct Tape is a polyethylene-coated cloth duct tape which has good adhesion which conforms and bonds to almost any surface, including cloth, vinyl, leather, plastic, metal and laminates. It's great for the decoration and repair of ATV's, tree stands, backpacks, canoes, kayaks, crossbow cases, hunting boots and much more. It tears easily by hand without curling and conforms to uneven surfaces. For hunters, outdoor enthusiasts and general consumers to tape and decorate tree stands, motors, shiny metal boat parts, blinds, hockey sticks, baseball bats, and for various craft projects.
This overstock item is currently available in matte black, blaze orange and a mossy oak break up pattern.
(1 to 29 rolls)
(30 to 149 rolls)
(150 to 299 rolls)
(>= 300 rolls)
* see individual roll price to left
Offers the widest range of application flexibility available. Exhibits excellent processing performance whether manually or automatically applied. Has superior tensile strength, adhesion properties and holding force which ensures consistent, reliable seals. Hot melt adhesive will bond faster to a surface which is referred to as quick-grab or quick-stick. It typically has higher tack (will feel stickier to the touch), but is also softer. It has lower heat resistance, shear resistance, and sometimes UV resistance than an acrylic adhesive. NOTE: it is called hot melt because the adhesive is applied hot by the manufacturer and then hardens as it cools (you do not need to apply heat to the tape yourself).
Properties are similar to that of hot melt rubber, but natural rubber often holds where other adhesives won't (recycled fibers, dust, cold, heat and heavy loads). It provides good overall adhesion and moisture resistance.
Offer excellent performance, especially for applications in temperatures less than 40°F and greater then 120°F. It provides excellent clarity, has high shear strength, is usually more permanent/durable even when exposed to moisture, and it ages well over extended periods in fluorescent and sunlight. Since it remains clear for the life of the application and does not yellow over time it is ideal for applications such as sealing white cartons. While it has good initial adhesion it does take 24-48 hours to cure and to achieve its maximum bond strength (has gradual adhesion buildup). Another difference between hot melt rubber and acrylic adhesive is if you fold tape over making the two adhesive sides touch the acrylic adhesive will remain attached to the carrier (e.g. paper, film) while a hot melt adhesive will stick to itself and pull off of the carrier. It is the best choice for clarity, UV resistance and aging characteristics.
Is great for extreme temperature applications since silicone adhesive can work in continuous operating temperatures from -100°F to 500°F. They also exhibit good chemical resistance, retain electrical properties, and remove cleanly with little or no residue.
Zinc oxide based adhesive formula is a skin-friendly adhesive which is commonly used on sports medicine tapes.
Examples: 1/16 inch = 62.5 mils; 1/32 inch = 31.25 mils
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All-natural Herbal Pet Products - While the anatomy of our pets differs greatly from ours, pets nutritional needs are similar in structure. They need a well-balanced diet and a healthy, active lifestyle, too. Pets are subject to many diseases similar to ours, such as dental decay, arthritis, and even cancer. Also similar to us, prevention is the key to ensuring your best friend is in optimal health and free of diseases that can affect their quality of life. When striving for health, don't forget your furry friends! Shop A2Z Discount Vitamins and save on our discount pet products.
The statements contained on this website have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration.
These products are not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.


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Estee Lauder Variety Perfume
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5 Piece Mini Variety With Sensuous Nude & White Linen & Pleasures & Pleasures Intense & Beautiful And All Are Eau De Parfum Spray Minis
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1 gift set available36% OFF
by Estee Lauder
5 Piece Mini Variety With Sensuous Nude & Pure White Linen & Pleasures & Pleasures Bloom & Beautiful Love And All Are Eau De Parfum Spray Minis
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1 gift set available38% OFF
Reviews (4)
1 - 4 (of 4 Reviews)
I imagine that my mom is going to love this gift. I can't rate just one fragrance because the box included various fragrances. Beautiful is my favorite fragrance so I know she's going to love that one. I've been wearing it since before my son was born and he is 23 years old now. Wow, time flies. I can't try any of the other fragrances because the box is covered in plastic and I'm not going to open it since it is one of my Mother's Day gift.
Written by IG on April 08, 2014Read Review details ►
Estee Lauder Variety by Estee Lauder ... Awesome!
Written by Deborah on February 25, 2014Read Review details ►
The best christmas gift I ever have. My favorites are sensuous,pure white linen & beautiful love for special occasions while the others are for anytime use. Wait a minute,this product retired?! Wow,I'm shocked. Anyway, Merry Christmas and please bring this back for the new year.
Written by Trinigal on December 25, 2011Read Review details ►
Wow, I still have this gift set since christmas last year and enjoy it a lot. Beautiful love,sensuous & pure white linen are my outgoing fragrances while pleasures & beyond paradise are my casual ones. I'm almost tempted to splurge because they are the best. Please do keep this in stock,I really love it. Thank you kindly.
Written by Trinigal on December 02, 2011Read Review details ►
1 - 4 (of 4 Reviews)


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What, PhillyBestBYOB, no reviews of Bibou??? And you call yourself an expert on Philly BYOBs?
Although I enjoyed this amazing restaurant a total of 5 times in 2012 and 3 time so far in 2013, I went to the "Bibou at Blackfish" dinner last Monday and we are planning a Southern Rhone wine dinner for next week, for some reason I have kept putting this review off. Perhaps I don't feel that I can really do Bibou the justice it deserves, or maybe I'm having trouble picking the ultimate of ultimate dining experiences, from among so many great meals, about which to write a truly epic ode to French bistros.
Or maybe I'm just procrastinating?
Anyway, I'm going to pick a dinner from last year to write about, since I took photos of all the dishes and have pretty good tasting notes (although appologies to Bibou if I get some of the ingredients wrong...I love Pierre's sexy French accent, but I don't always catch everything).
Since this is an ode, some accompanying music seems appropriate (you know this has to be a great restaurant if someone takes the trouble to write a rap song about it, explicit lyrics and all!):
"She said she wanted foie gra,
And some escargot.
I said I didn't care for that,
Was tired of the snow.
She ordered three appetizers,
And wanted one to go.
I told her she was crazy.
What she doin', I don't know."
Sunday, 21 October 2012 (see photos):
10 of us, 9 guys and 1 gal (Ladies, this is why you should go to our wine dinners, the guys usually outnumber the gals, so you will be totally fawned over!) met for a Champagne and Rhone wine dinner at Bibou. An early seating at 6PM, since these dinners usually last ~4 1/2 hours, and good luck trying to get parking around Bibou at 8:30PM on a Sunday night.
In tiny Bibou, a 10-top takes up ~1/3 the room, and given how long these diners last, we are obviously being treated very well by owners Chef Pierre and Charlotte Calmels, since they could probably turn the space a couple of time (although we always order a 7-course tasting menu, so hopefully this all works out financially for them).
As usual, Chef Pierre created a tasting largely composed of dishes that were on the menu that night, but he often throws in a dish or two just for us, or fulfills a special request (like the amazing 3-fish pate from the old days at Le Bec Fin, which would be too much work to serve to everyone). That night we enjoyed:
1st course: Pheasant consommé, poured over bites of pheasant -- I'm not usually a consommé fan, preferring richer soups, but there is no question that this was an elegant start to the meal.
2nd course: Venison saddle-cherizo-pistashio-foie gras terrine, with date compote, mustard greens -- Always order whatever pate or terrine is on the menu at Bibou and you will not regret it
3rd course: Scallop, butternut squash, pomegrante, milk-lemon-infused verbena, purple potato puree and potato chip -- A visually striking dish (look at the photo!), with a large perfectly seared scallop that was melt in your mouth
4th course: Foie gras ravioli, Pergourdine sauce (usually a veal sauce made with a sweet wine like Monbazzilac), black truffles -- In my mind, one of Pierre's signature dishes, the combination of foie, pasta, truffle is killer
5th course: Beef tripe, baked in a white wine sauce of tomato, onion, garlic, chicken stock, bread crumbs -- I had this amazing dish for the first time a couple of weeks before, so we specifically requested it...it takes 6-7 hours to prepare this...nice with our Rhones, but really dying for an Italian Sangiovese (sorry Charlotte!)
6th course: Venison meat pie, white chanterelles, blood-current-red wine sauce, mustard greens -- A first-time dish for me, Pierre selected this to match our wines (and everyone in the restaurant benefited), this was everyone's DOTN (Dish of the Night)...don't let the blood sauce scare you, a must order dish if you see it on the menu
Regarding the above dish, I overheard the following comment: "Stupid good!" (Craig LaBan couldn't describe it better).
7th course: Époisses de Bourgogne (from Fromagerie Berthaut), quince puree, apple -- As usual, we added a cheese course to the tasting menu, and Pierre had just one perfectly ripened Bethoud Epoisse reserved for us to share. To my mind, this is the world's greatest cheese, an ooey-gooey soft cow's milk washed in brandy and smelling like a over-ripe barnyard (I keep asking Pierre if he can get his hands on a rare unpasturized Epoisse for us, now that they can be legally imported, but so far no luck).
8th course: Dessert -- the usual selection of every dessert on the menu to share, my favorites were his old-school classic Floating Island, and a delightful mango tart with meringue, which I think is a fairly new addition to the menu
And don't forget the complementary coconut macaroons (best I've ever had), meringues and excellent coffee to finish up with. And since we were the last patrons to leave, Pierre gave us a bag full of leftover macaroons to take home!
~NV Pierre Moncuit Champagne Blanc de Blancs Grand Cru Brut
~NV Jacques Selosse Champagne Brut Initiale (Champagne of the Night)
~2001 Cédric Bouchard Champagne Inflorescence Blanc de Noirs La Parcelle
~2003 Moët Chandon Champagne Cuvée Dom Pérignon
~2010 Les Cailloux (Lucien et André Brunel) Châteauneuf du Pape Blanc
~2007 Spottswoode Sauvignon Blanc
~1985 Paul Jaboulet Aîné Hermitage La Chapelle
~1990 André Perret St. Joseph Les Grisières
~1994 Paul Jaboulet Aîné Hermitage La Chapelle
~1995 Paul Jaboulet Aîné Hermitage La Chapelle (Wine of the Night)
~1997 Tardieu Laurent Hermitage
~1998 d'Arenberg Shiraz The Dead Arm (served blind)
~1999 Delas Frères Hermitage Les Bessards
~2007 E. Guigal Hermitage Ex Voto
~2004 Château d Yquem (375mL)
Whew, maybe not a poetic ode to French bistros, but I'm glad to finally add this to my list of Philly's best BYOB (at the top), and hopefully to have done a little bit of justice to the wonderful cuisine that Chef Pierre and his tiny team (must be the smallest fine dining kitchen in Philly) prepare every time we visit. Truly, Bibou is one of Philly's great dining treasures, a restaurant that you can take your hot date, your Mom, or a visitor from France to, and in each case be guaranteed that they will be blown away. [Noted wine critic Robert Parker declared in the best French bistro in the US.]
And I would be remiss not to mention the one thing that puts Bibou over the top: No matter how good the food is, what makes a truly great restaurant is the service, and Pierre's wife Charlotte is undoubtedly the most engaging hostess in Philly. She keeps things running smoothly, ably assisted by Hans (also one of the best FOTHers around), and floats around the dining room chatting with regulars and checking up on newbies. Visiting Bibou is like dining at the home of old friends, but old friend who just happen to be incredible cooks. We all should have friends like that. But be prepared to be kissed on both cheeks when you arrive (I always turn red!).
[Side note: Charlotte is currently out on maternity leave (if you are lucky, she still occasionally stops in with her 3 charming daughters), but in her absence, adorable Yuki will definitely take good care of you.]
It is a small restaurant, perhaps 28 seats, and tends to get slightly cramped (at least with all our wine bottles on the table!), and it's not the most quiet of venues, although not excessively loud. Bibou also has two seats at the counter, which are comfortable and give you a fun view of the kitchen and a chance for more interaction with the great staff. [If you sit there, you will notice the lamp on the counter that Charlotte made out of a double magnum bottle of Chateau Gruaud- Larose, which we are quite proud of since it was from a previous dinner of ours. Unfortunately, although we planned to share it with the entire restaurant, it turned out to be the most 'corked' bottle of wine I've ever smelled, completely undrinkable. But at least it now makes a beautiful conversation piece (It's twin from another Bdx dinner is in the Calmels home).
The 7-course tasting menue is $70 (a true bargain), + cheese + tip was something like $100/pp. Free 2-hour parking in the open-air lot next door (used to be 3 hours, but the evil PPA recently changed it). However, it is usually pretty easy to get a spot if you have an early seating before 7PM on a weeknight or Sunday, but good luck finding parking here or on the street much later than that. There is a lot a couple blocks west on Washington, although that was closed for some reason the last time we were there.


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- Alfredo Ludovico Luigi Schuster
Educated at Saint-Paul-Outside-the-Walls abbey, Rome, Italy from age 11. Entered the Cassinese Benedictine monastic noviate in 1896, taking the name Ildefonso. Made his formal monastic confession on 13 November 1900. Ordained on 19 March 1904 in Rome.
Novice master of his house from 1908 to 1916. Prior of the abbey from 1916 to 1918. Procurator general of the Congregation of Monte Cassino from 1914 to 1929. Abbot-ordinary of abbey nullius of Saint-Paul-Outside-the-Walls on 6 April 1918. President of the Pontifical Oriental Institute from 7 October 1919 to 4 July 1922, and teacher at several colleges and institutes. Consultor to the Sacred Congregation of Rites in the sections for the Liturgy and for the Causes of Saints. Censor of the Academy of Sacred Liturgy. President of the Commission for Sacred Art Apostolic Visitor to seminaries of Lombardy and Calabria. Appointed Archbishop of Milan on 26 June 1929 by Pope Pius XI. Created cardinal on 15 July 1929. Papal legate to several events and congresses in Europe. Participated in the conclave of 1939. Founded the Institute of Amrosian Chant and Sacred Music and the Ambrosianeum and Didascaleion cultural centres, and wrote for the daily publication L'Italia.
There was some controversy during the investigation of his Cause as some claimed he was sympathetic to Fascism. Evidence, however, shows that he denounced Fascism's meddling with the youth organization Catholic Action, refused to participate in ceremonies involving Mussolini, and condemned racist legislation. The cardinal was primarily concerned with the spiritual well-being of his flock, the physical needs of the poor, assistance to newly married couples in order to create strong marriages, and with the administration of the Archdiocese.
- 18 January 1880 at Rome, Italy as Alfredo Ludovico Luigi Schuster
- 26 March 1994 by Pope John Paul II (decree of heroic virtues)
You want something to remember me by. All I can leave you is an invitation to holiness. – Blessed Alfredo's parting words to the seminarians at Venegono a few days before his death
- "Blessed Alfredo Ildefonso Schuster". CatholicSaints.Info. 24 December 2009. Web. 30 August 2015. <>


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Thursday, February 12, 2004TAMPA, Fla. (Feb. 12, 2004) -- The East Tennessee State baseball team begins their 2004 campaign with game one of a three game series at South Florida from Red McEwen Field in Tampa, Fla. Friday night at 7 p.m. Live stats will be available for the series by visiting the USF Athletics website or www.gobulls.usf.edu. Game two of the three-game set will be Saturday at 1 p.m. and game three will take place Sunday, also at 1 p.m. The Buccaneers had a 15-36 record in 2003 and finished ninth in the Southern Conference with a 9-20 record. ETSU returns eight starters and eight pitchers from last season, but head coach Tony Skole and his staff also added a very talented recruiting class to this season's roster. Leading this season's squad will be senior shortstop Andy Howdeshell (Maryville, Tenn.), senior left-handed pitcher/outfielder Tim Turner (Marietta, Ga.) and senior left-handed pitcher Josh Kite (Greeneville, Tenn.). Howdeshell is the preseason All-Southern Conference shortstop after leading the Bucs in 11 offensive categories last season. Turner is one of the most exciting players in the nation, as he is a good hitter and pitcher, but adds a third dimension as a terrific defensive centerfielder. Kite is a key member of the Buccaneer pitching staff, as he has overpowering stuff and can make appearances as a starter or out of the bullpen. Sophomore Steven Calicutt (Spartanburg, S.C.) is also an All-SoCon preseason selection at designated hitter, but will likely see time at several positions this season. Calicutt will be one of the Bucs' top starting pitchers this season, but he also played all three outfield positions, first base and designated hitter in 2003.
|Copyright ©2015 East Tennessee State Athletics. All Rights Reserved.


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Assistant Professor
Kyle Garrett, assistant professor, holds a B.A. in English (2007) and an M.F.A. in creative writing and English (2010) from the University of Georgia. He joined the English department in 2010. His academic interests include modern American literature, Southern literature, and exposing the laws that govern every true work of art. His personal interests include constructing edible works of art, writing poems and stories, Braves baseball, and pursuing Christ. He lives in Franklin Springs with his wife, Stephanie, and their ferocious cat, Zambizee.
Click here to email Kyle Garrett.


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You arrogant prick.
About a year ago, you said "Nobody wants to play for the Miami Dolphins."
A year later, that appears to be true. Except, of course, for your former teammates, friends, AND enemies.
And you're dangerously close to being released. While there's hemming and hawing about your injury, salary, and everything else...
...it appears that the major motivation behind it is that most people have discovered...that you're just a dick.
Eat it, you jerk-faced crybaby.


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A fun and creative edible desserts for any occasion!
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1. Stack 1 small scoop of ice cream on top of another larger scoop to make body and head.
2. Place 1 orange coated chocolate candy into head to make a beak.
3. Make eyes with chocolate chips and wings with half of chocolate wafer.
4. Tuck jelly beans on bottom of body to make feet.
5. Sprinkle a layer of coconut onto platter to make snow. Place penguin on snow and freeze for 1-1 1/2 hours before serving.
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