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A Homesteaders Memories of Youth
One of the first jobs I can remember being allocated on the farm, was to tend my mother's garden vegetable patch. This was a small area of ground near the kitchen door of the house, and consisted of 4 raised beds that housed a whole selection of vegetables.
Of course to me at that time (I was only about 9 years old) it was really a chore having to go out and water the cabbages or lettuce, maybe bring in some fresh vegetables for that evenings dinner.
I would have fun of course chasing the chickens that had crept in to the garden patch, screeching and yelling as they flapped about trying to get away from my swinging pail.
Ah, happy innocent days!
I was only much later to appreciate the value of these times. Experiences that may have been unappreciated, maybe even loathed at the time, have now come back to pay dividends as I now seek to bring up my own kids to appreciate nature and the 'good life' as I now regard it.
Will they think the same of me as I did of my parents at their age? Most probably! But I tell myself that they will appreciate digging up those vegetables and look back at my small garden ideas, with something resembling affection when they are old enough to appreciate it.
Maybe wishful thinking I know, but nevertheless, if my parents thought it was a valuable lesson to learn back then, then how much more so now?
People of my generation are at last getting fed-up with store bought, chemically enhanced food, and are turning back to the old skills of providing food via their own efforts; but we have a problem. A lot of these skills have to be re-learned, as we have in effect lost touch with the land and what it takes to get the best out of it.
Whether it is Rearing Chickens or Rabbits, or indeed any other typical Homesteading Animals; or whether it is how to get the best out of the vegetable patch, and maybe grow the best tomatoes in the neighborhood, there is a lot of learning to be done!
The good news is that there is plenty of information now available at our fingertips, in every aspect of self-sustainability whether it be for sustainable energy systems or how to preserve the fruits of our labour by curing meat or storing vegetables in a root cellar
Thank goodness for the internet – that and my parents early teachings on all aspects of Homesteading as well as frugal spending!
I learned a new and disturbing phrase earlier this week 'Planned Obsolescence.' It was on a TV show exposing the fact that right from the time of the first electric light bulb, the gadgets (for lack of a better word) that we buy are actually designed to fail after a pre-designated time!
Nothing in fact these days is 'built to last' It's a simple matter of economics apparently. If that electric light bulb or new refrigerator lasted to long then we would most likely not buy another one!
Hmmm, That just does not sit right with me, as I have always been brought up to think that building things to last is the proper way to do things. Down on the farm we often have to build things to a budget that may well be less than we would like it to be, but it is nevertheless built to as high a standard as we can manage.
The 'throw away' view of consumerism has no place in a Homesteaders mind-set, indeed when you are trying to cut your costs by 'growing your own' or raising livestock etc, then the whole idea is to squeeze every bit of value that you can out of every effort you put in.
Raising chickens for instance means building a good shed, which in turn will lead to healthy happy chickens that will produce eggs and eventually meat. They will also help with the compost pile as chicken poop is rich in nitrogen. This rich compost will in turn help you produce super healthy vegetables, the scraps of which can be fed back to the chickens – I'm sure you get the idea!
Good hobby-farm management is all about making the most of everything you have at your disposal, and building things (whether material or ideas) that will last as long as possible for the minimal of effort.
Ok, I've inadvertently gone off on a rant! However I feel all the better for it. Please don't be put off, and check out my other blog posts on my experiences around the farmyard.


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Ancient Futures
Lessons from Ladakh for a Globalizing World.
Paperback, 240 pages
30 b/w photos
1 map
A moving portrait of tradition and change in Ladakh, or "Little Tibet," Ancient Futures is also a scathing critique of the global economy and a rallying call for economic localization.
When Helena Norberg-Hodge first visited Ladakh in 1975, she found a gentle people, a pristine environment, and a self-reliant economy. But then came a tidal wave of development. Over the last three decades, this remote Himalayan land has been increasingly exposed to outside markets and Western notions of "progress." As a direct result, a whole range of problems—from polluted air and water to religious conflict to eating disorders—began to occur for the first time.
Yet this is far from a story of despair. Social and environmental breakdown, Norberg-Hodge argues, is not inevitable or evolutionary but the product of conscious political and economic decisions. In a new afterword, she writes of inspiring initiatives already under way that aim to restore Ladakh's cultural integrity, including a 5,000-strong Women's Alliance and village-level renewable energy projects. She also reports on the worldwide relocalization movement, which rejects the economics of exploitation and works to rebuild place-based cultures that strengthen community and our connection with nature. This classic account of a culture's dismantling and renewal challenges us to redefine what a healthy economy means, and to find ways to carry ancient wisdom into our future.
"Some books provide insights into our problems; others offer guidelines for a different future. Ancient Futures does both, brilliantly. A true classic." —Bill McKibben
"A sensitive, thought-provoking account." —New York Review of Books
"This passionate book is a gift to us all . . . an experience-based manifesto for change." —Alice Waters
Helena Norberg-Hodge is the founder and director of the International Society for Ecology and Culture and a pioneer in the emerging localization movement. A co-founder of the International Forum on Globalization, she is a recipient of the Right Livelihood Award, or Alternative Nobel Prize, and the author of numerous books. She lives primarily in Australia and the United Kingdom.

subset: commoncrawl


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Crews battle fire on USS Gunston Hall for hours
Sailors and Portsmouth firefighters battled flames on the USS Gunston Hall for more than three hours Tuesday.
Sailors and Portsmouth firefighters battled flames on the USS Gunston Hall for more than three hours Tuesday.
Alabama's supreme court has ordered the state's probate judges to stop issuing marriage licenses to same-sex couples.
Victims of the worst loss of life in the Virginia National Guard since World War II were remembered in Virginia Beach Tuesday.
Chesapeake has no plans for change as residents say a road project impacts their lives and lowers their property values.
10 On Your Side got dozens more messages from viewers about a toll billing problem in our Monday report.
Cameras and pictures are allowed, but selfie sticks are now banned at the Smithsonian museums.
The former police chief of Windsor pleaded guilty Monday to two misdemeanor offenses related to embezzling town funds.
The suspect in the killing of a Virginia Beach pharmacist pleaded guilty, meaning video evidence is now public record. WAVY obtained those v…
This dashcam video shows Virginia Beach Police in pursuit of Walter Hubbard.
A Justice Department investigation will allege patterns of discrimination in the Ferguson PD, and at the municipal jail and court.
A woman suffered significant burn injuries after a fire sparked in her kitchen Tuesday morning.
A judge has sentenced a Blackstone man to 15 years and 8 months in prison followed by three years of supervised release for robbing a BB&T B…
Retired neurosurgeon Ben Carson has created an exploratory committee to run for president, becoming the first high-profile Republican candid…
Attorneys for the man charged with abducting and killing a University of Virginia student are asking a judge to delay his trial.
A woman who told police she dug up her father's grave in search of his "real will" but found only vodka and cigarettes pleaded guilty Monday…
Firefighters in Portsmouth have put out a garage fire after flames sparked Tuesday morning.
David Petraeus, the former CIA director and top Army general has agreed to plead guilty to mishandling classified materials.
Imagine a women's college basketball game with very few fans in the stands.
Hampton University 5K Run/Walk by the Bay
From Bali silver to warm amber, find a one of a kind treasure at BeJeweled.


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'My Little Pony Micro-Series: #2: Rainbow Dash' Brings The Sonic Rainbooms [Preview]
I've been to a lot of rock shows in my time, but it wasn't until previewing this week's My Little Pony Micro-Series: #2: Rainbow Dash that I got to watch a winged horse scream through the sky with a Flying V to kick out a "Sonic Rainboom!" on printed paper. Why didn't Chris Sims tell me The Hub's MLP series had stuff like t


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I'm building with some yard sale Lego, and have several elements that have orange stains on them. If I had to guess, I'd say something seeped onto the bricks while they were in storage. At this point I'll probably bury them inside my MOC, but I'm curious to know if there is a method to unblemish white Lego elements?
Take the 2-minute tour ×
LEGO® Answers is a question and answer site for LEGO® and building block enthusiasts. It's 100% free, no registration required.
Maybe you can try with toothpaste and a toothbrush as toothpaste is one of the mildest polishers.


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Kimi Raikkonen is out to get his title hopes back on track at Silverstone while Romain Grosjean wants to continue his good run at the track...
Kimi Raikkonen is out to get his Championship hopes back on track at Silverstone while Romain Grosjean wants to continue his good run at the track.
For all the latest F1 odds on the British GP, round eight of the 2013 F1 Championship, visit Sky Bet.
Kimi Raikkonen
Q: Your championship potential has taken something of a hit in the last two races; is this a big concern?
KR: "Obviously, it's not been that great and we haven't got the results we wanted. The last couple of races have been more a question of surviving not attacking and that's not what anyone wants. That said, Monaco and Montréal are both street circuits; they're quite different from a lot of tracks we visit and there are quite a lot of variables. You never know how you're going to go at those two tracks but we do now and at least we got a few points."
Q: Does returning to a permanent race circuit bring any positivity?
KR: "Silverstone is a more normal circuit and we've been okay at every other permanent circuit so far this year. There's no reason why we shouldn't be back to the positions we should be with this package. We just have to be patient, do our very best over the entire weekend and step by step we can start catching the leaders."
Q: How challenging is Silverstone as a race track?
KR: "Silverstone is all about long sweeping high-speed corners and high downforce levels. It's one of the fastest circuits on the calendar; it's very challenging and the flowing corners are pretty good fun to drive. Hopefully our new parts will help us; particularly in the faster corners. If that's the case, it could be a good weekend."
Q: Have you always liked Silverstone?
KR: "Yes, it's always such a good feeling going to Silverstone. It's a great place to race and it has been a good circuit for me since the very beginning of my career. I have a long history there. It was the real base for the start of my international racing career in Formula Renault in 1999 and 2000. Since then I've always enjoyed racing at Silverstone. I don't know why; there must be this nostalgic feeling that I have every time we go there."
Q: You won at Silverstone in 2007 and have been on the podium five times altogether; how does it feel when everything goes right there?
KR: "When you win in Silverstone, it gives such a good feeling. You have to get everything exactly right. I won there in Formula Renault and then in Formula 1 with Ferrari in 2007. It would be fantastic to win again there, especially with the factory just down the road. I'm sure we would have some fantastic celebrations."
Q: What about the British summer?
KR: "It's always windy at Silverstone. Often it rains too, like we saw last year in qualifying. The track conditions change very quickly, which makes the car more tricky to set-up. Obviously when you are running at the front it's best to have stable conditions, but I don't mind really. The weather is just a part of the fun of racing in England. I'll enjoy the weekend whatever the weather will be."
Q: How's the feeling from the team?
KR: "The team has worked 100% to have a really competitive car for the home race. Silverstone is the closest circuit to the factory so hopefully we can celebrate a good result with all of the factory personnel and their families who bring their support every year."
Romain Grosjean
Q: How do you like Silverstone?
RG: "It's a fantastic track with a lot of high speed corners which should suit the E21; especially with the upgrade package we have for it. It's a home race for myself and the team so we're sure to have a lot of support. I won there in the GP2 Series in 2011, so I have to say I quite like it! I also scored points on my Silverstone Formula 1 debut so it's a run of results I'd like to continue."
Q: Why is Silverstone rated as one of the favourite circuits for many drivers?
RG: "Silverstone is challenging, but it has a good feel. It's one of the quickest tracks of the year, with legendary corners like the Magotts, Becketts, Chapel complex. It's quite a feeling going through there and I can't wait to feel that sensation once more. It's also a special Grand Prix for the team as the factory is very close to the track. It's always nice to see not only the race team, but also some of the many people from the factory who come to see us in action. It's thanks to all their hard work that we're out on track and they are all doing an amazing job, always working so hard. I will be visiting them after the race and hopefully I will go there with some silverware to show them."
Q: What is difficult about a Silverstone weekend?
RG: "Last year there was quite a bit of wet weather over the weekend; not that this was much of a surprise to the Englishmen I've spoken to! I live quite near to the track now and my experience of regularly visiting Enstone means that I know the weather can change quite a lot. An English summer's day is wonderful, but sometimes you have to look hard to find one!"
Q: Was there much more that could have been done in Canada?
RG: "There's not really much to tell. The second set of tyres really didn't work for us in Montréal and if you can't get them to work then you're going to have a difficult race. We had a strong strategy planned and the first part of the race worked well. Once we got the medium tyre up to temperature at the start of the race I was able to make some good overtaking moves. This meant we were looking like taking a strong position in the points, which wouldn't have been bad considering I started at the back of the grid. However, once we fitted the supersoft tyres it all went wrong. The set we used simply didn't work for us and the tyres fell away after fewer than ten laps, which was a big surprise. After that, we could either try to fight a losing battle with shot tyres, or change to a new set - of mediums we decided -and see what we could do by pushing like it was qualifying. Even then we couldn't get the last set working properly either, so it was a frustrating end to the race."
Q: The next five races are all in Europe; does this make a difference?
RG: "There's no jet-lag and you're more likely to get a good night's sleep, which is a good thing! The race meetings are shorter too, as you don't lose the time traveling or getting used to a new time zone. We visit some great destinations over the next few races, with some very knowledgeable and enthusiastic fans. We hope we can put on a good show, with Lotus F1 Team right at the front of the battle."


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How do Americans fight terror? Post-9/11, both in conducting diplomacy and fighting terror on ground zero (AfPak soil), they have followed the dictum: When the situation gets tough, the tough get going. India must take a leaf out of the American book and follow suit. Whether Americans like it or not, India must affirm by action its commitment to zero tolerance for terror.
Americans despaired when the twin-tower tragedy befell them; people were shell-shocked and fear-stricken; so much so they preferred bullock cart to aeroplane for travel. But the spontaneity of "karma" (action in adversity) took over with immediacy of purpose. The NYPD (New York police department), the civic authority and the federal government swung into action before it was too late.
"Make no mistake, the terrorists will be brought to book," was the message, terse and stern and it did the trick. The operations began in right earnest: Allied tanks rode into Iraq with little or no resistance; deadly warplanes pounded the Afghan badlands – a nightmare for the towering Taliban, whose diabolic leadership (with Mullah Omar's exception as he fled for life) was seen crawling, manacled as they were, in the Gitmo bay.
India, on the other hand, shamed the nation as it capitulated to the same Taliban during the Kandhar plane-hijack crisis. The infamous diplomatic fuddle at the site of the hijacked plane in Kandhar, compounded by a vacillating political leadership at the Centre, saw the release of three dreaded terrorists/ideologues who later wreaked havoc on India.
The United States successfully precluded another 9/11 on its soil, no mean an achievement. India has had major terrorist strikes on its soil; so myriad, one fails to recall the number. Where does the rot lie? Obviously, in India's lack of resolve and inaction to fight terror.
A lesson for India to learn: the ongoing Marja operations by America to take the Taliban head on in its den, the Helmand province. Improving upon the faults and fallacies in their Afghan operations, Americans broke into the hitherto unified ranks of the Taliban by creating an illusory division between the good and bad Taliban. Thus, denting the ideological solidarity and strike capability of the enemy, they approached Marja from all directions, leaving little room for the ferocious Taliban to flee alive. Home-to-home searches with background checks were carried out and the ammunition dumps of the enemy seized.
Americans chalked out a strategy before they went in for a pernicious strike in Helmand: this time round, they were going to stay put – unlike on the earlier occasions when the Taliban would resurface once the Americans had pulled out of a province after clearing it of the rogue elements – with the legitimate Afghan army taking over, and the coalition forces helping the government in development work. Whether or not it works the way Americans have planned it, one thing is certain: they have a strategy – an innovative one – in place.
It is time India unveiled its strategy, only if it has one, to fight terror in a manner the US and Europe have been fighting it. Such a strategy needs to be in place as the Commonwealth Games are in the offing. And threats to sabotage the games are coming thick and fast from Pakistan-based terror outfits and their proxies. Though such threats may turn out to be a mere hoax, they can not be treated as hogwash.
The recent Pune blasts have once again exposed the chinks in gathering and processing intelligence inputs, and eventually busting the sleeper cells of terror modules. A pre-emptive strike of potential modules after their identification could certainly have prevented the German Bakery tragedy, more so when early-warning intelligence alerts were available well in advance.
This brings to the fore the crucial element of "actionable intelligence". In a rapid flow of intelligence inputs from the state, Central and foreign agencies, the functional system – both technical and human – must scan every bit of information and act upon it with due diligence.
The process includes a host of factors such as the surveillance of suspects over a reasonable period of time, use of informants with discernment, raids at possible hideouts of terror suspects, their sympathisers and, more importantly, those who are known to provide them with shelter and logistical support.
It is now more obvious than ever before that Batla House-like locations and suspects have not to be treated with kid gloves. Here, action sans dirty politics is called for. The composite intelligence apparatus, recently set up by the Union home ministry, must get its act together and deliver in a manner expected of such professional bodies elsewhere in the world.
Home minister P Chidambaram must flex his muscle and lend the Midas touch to his premier agency. The insight he has had into the functioning of the world's best anti-terror mechanism during his recent visit to the US must reflect in the set-up under his auspices back home.
Neighbourhood policing plays an important role in the identification of suspicious characters and objects in any locality. It must be fortified and made result-oriented. Background checks need to be made precise and mandatory.
Electronic surveillance must be made stringent at important installations, public transit systems and frequently visited public places such as malls, eateries, theatres, stadia, etc.
The use of biometrics and other electronic data available with private or public authorities must be scrupulously accessed to pre-empt the ploys by nefarious elements. This helps in unearthing the funding sources of anti-national organisations. Funds choked, an outfit is rendered non-functional.
Though threats by HuJI and LeT may be aimed at creating a fear psychosis in the country, their ideological outfits back home such as the Students Islamic Movement of India (SIMI), Indian Mujahideen (IM) and others of their ilk must be kept on a tight leash. Recent arrests across the country have unmistakably pointed to their immense potential for deadly mischief as they are the most likely carriers for terror virus from across the border.
Let sloth and inaction be bygones in India's anti-terror policy. A proactive foreign policy, specially vis-a-vis Pakistan, must include gunboat diplomacy and an active military doctrine.
The enemy, whether state-sponsored or a "non-state" actor, must be scorched by its own heat.


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The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
500 Fifth St. N.W. | Washington, D.C. 20001
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"3 Pathogen Evolution."
Microbial Evolution and Co-Adaptation: A Tribute to the Life and Scientific Legacies of Joshua Lederberg.
Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 2009.
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|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|12 Nov 2009
|Filing date
|9 May 2008
|Priority date
|9 May 2008
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Liliana Atanasoska, Rajesh Radhakrishnan, Ben Arcand, Robert W. Warner
|Original Assignee
|Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc.
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Referenced by (7), Classifications (17), Legal Events (2)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This invention relates to endoprostheses, and more particularly to bioerodible endoprostheses.
The body includes various passageways such as arteries, other blood vessels, and other body lumens. These passageways sometimes become occluded or weakened. For example, the passageways can be occluded by a tumor, restricted by plaque, or weakened by an aneurysm. When this occurs, the passageway can be reopened or reinforced with a medical endoprosthesis. An endoprosthesis is typically a tubular member that is placed in a lumen in the body. Examples of endoprostheses include stents, covered stents, and stent-grafts.
Endoprostheses can be delivered inside the body by a catheter that supports the endoprosthesis in a compacted or reduced-size form as the endoprosthesis is transported to a desired site. Upon reaching the site, the endoprosthesis is expanded, e.g., so that it can contact the walls of the lumen. Stent delivery is further discussed in Heath, U.S. Pat. No. 6,290,721, the entire contents of which is hereby incorporated by reference herein.
The expansion mechanism may include forcing the endoprosthesis to expand radially. For example, the expansion mechanism can include the catheter carrying a balloon, which carries a balloon-expandable endoprosthesis. The balloon can be inflated to deform and to fix the expanded endoprosthesis at a predetermined position in contact with the lumen wall. The balloon can then be deflated, and the catheter withdrawn from the lumen.
In another delivery technique, the endoprosthesis is formed of an elastic material that can be reversibly compacted and expanded, e.g., elastically or through a material phase transition. During introduction into the body, the endoprosthesis is restrained in a compacted condition. Upon reaching the desired implantation site, the restraint is removed, for example, by retracting a restraining device such as an outer sheath, enabling the endoprosthesis to self-expand by its own internal elastic restoring force.
Passageways containing endoprostheses can become re-occluded. Re-occlusion of such passageways is known as restenosis. It has been observed that certain drugs can inhibit the onset of restenosis when the drug is contained in the endoprosthesis. It is sometimes desirable for an endoprosthesis-contained therapeutic agent, or drug to elute into the body fluid in a predetermined manner once the endoprosthesis is implanted.
There is described an endoprosthesis that includes a body defining a flow passage therethrough and is capable of maintaining patency in a blood vessel. The body includes iron or an alloy thereof. The body has a nano-structured surface comprising iron oxide in which the individual nano-structures have a height to thickness aspect ratio of at least 5:1.
In some embodiments, the height to thickness aspect ratio is between 10:1 and 20:1. For example, the height of each individual nano-structure can be between about 50 nm and about 500 nm. In some embodiments, the individual nano-structures can have a flake structure each having a width of at least twice the thickness. For example, the thickness of each individual flake nano-structure can be between about 5 nm to 50 nm and the width of each individual flake nano-structure can be between about 100 nm to 500 nm. In other embodiments, the individual nano-structures can have a rice grain structure. For example, an individual rice grain nano-structure can have a diameter of between about 5 nm to 50 nm. In some embodiments, an average separation distance between adjacent individual nano-structures can be between about 1 nm and 50 nm.
The nano-structured surface of the body can also be described by its roughness characteristics and/or resistance to corrosion. For example, the surface of the body can have a Sdr of between 120 and 200. A nano-structured surface can have a resistance to corrosion of less than 5 Kohms (e.g., about 2 Kohms).
In some embodiments, the endoprosthesis can further include a polymer coating over at least a portion of the nano-structured surface. For example, the polymer coating can include a co-block polymer of polyglutamic acid and one or more of the following polymers: poly(ethylene oxide), polycaprolactam, poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid), and polysaccharides. For example, the polymer can include a co-block polymer of polyglutamic acid and a non-ionic polysaccharide (e.g., pullulan). In some embodiments, the polymer coating can be a drug eluting coating that includes a therapeutic agent.
The endoprosthesis can, in some embodiments, be bioerodible. For example, the body can include a bioerodible metal, such as pure iron. A coating, if present, can also be a bioerodible polymer.
The endoprosthesis can, in some embodiments, be a stent.
In another aspect, an endoprosthesis is described that includes a body defining a flow passage therethrough that is capable of maintaining patency in a blood vessel. The body includes iron or an alloy thereof and has a surface comprising iron oxide. The endoprosthesis also includes a coating over the surface that includes a co-block polymer of polyglutamic acid.
In some embodiments, the co-block polymer of polyglutamic acid can be a co-block polymer of polyglutamic acid and of a polysaccharide. The polysaccharide can be a non-ionic polysaccharide such as pullulan.
The endoprosthesis can, in some embodiments, be bioerodible. For example, the body can include a bioerodible metal, such as pure iron, and the coating can also be a bioerodible polymer.
The endoprosthesis can, in some embodiments, be a stent.
In another aspect, a method of producing an endoprosthesis is described. The method includes exposing a portion of an endoprosthesis, or a precursor thereof, to an electrolytic solution and applying a plurality of current pulses to the endoprosthesis. The endoprosthesis includes iron or an alloy thereof. The application of the current pulses to the endoprosthesis while exposed to the electrolytic solution creates a nano-structured surface on the endoprosthesis having a plurality of individual nano-structures having a height to thickness aspect ratio of at least 5:1.
In some embodiments, the applied current pulses can include cathodic pulses, anodic pulses, or a combination thereof. The applied current pulses can include galvanic square waves, potential square waves, or a combination thereof.
The method, in some embodiments, can further include applying a coating including a polymer to the nano-structured surface.
In some embodiments, the endoprosthesis can be a bioerodible stent.
The details of one or more embodiments are set forth in the accompanying drawings and the description below. Other features, objects, and advantages will be apparent from the description and drawings, and from the claims.
Like reference symbols in the various drawings indicate like elements.
Referring to
Referring to
The stent 20 can include a body including iron or an alloy thereof. In some embodiments, the stent 20 can include a body including one or more bioerodible metals, such as magnesium, zinc, iron, or alloys thereof. The body can have a surface including iron oxide.
The stent body can have a surface having a morphology characterized by high-surface-area porous nano-structures. The nano-structured surface can provide a high surface area characterized by crevices between and around spaced individual nano-structures. For example, the individual nano-structures can be in the form of grains or flakes. The nano-structured surface can trigger and accelerate the rate of erosion or degradation of the bioerodible metal of the body of the stent. Additionally, select areas of a stent body can be treated to have the nano-structured surface to allow for select areas of stent degradation. Additionally, the nano-structured surface can allow for coatings to be deposited and interlock into the surface, enhancing adhesion. In some embodiments, the surface can also encourage endothelial growth to enhance endothelialization of the stent 20. The nano-structured surface may also allow for greater freedom of motion and a stent body that is less likely to fracture as the stent is flexed in use prior from the controlled bioerosion of the stent body. The stresses can be caused by flexure of the stent, during expansion or contraction of the stent or as the stent is delivered through a tortuously curved body lumen increase as a function of the distance from the stent axis. As a result, in some embodiments, the nano-structured surface can be on abluminal regions of the surface of the stent body or at other high stress points, such as the regions of the bands 22 adjacent to the connectors 24 which undergo greater flexure during expansion or contraction.
The nano-structured surface can be characterized by its visual appearance, the size and arrangement of individual nano-structures, its roughness and/or its resistance to corrosion. Examples of surfaces having the morphological features are shown in
The roughness of the nano-structured surface can also be characterized by the average roughness, Sa, the root mean square roughness, Sq, and/or the developed interfacial area ratio, Sdr. The Sa and Sq parameters represent an overall measure of the texture of the surface. Sa and Sq are relatively insensitive in differentiating peaks, valleys and the spacing of the various texture features. Surfaces with different visual morphologies can have similar Sa and Sq values. For a surface type, the Sa and Sq parameters indicate significant deviations in the texture characteristics. Sdr is expressed as the percentage of additional surface area contributed by the texture as compared to an ideal plane the size of the measurement region. Sdr further differentiates surfaces of similar amplitudes and average roughness. Typically Sdr will increase with the spatial intricacy of the texture whether or not Sa changes. In some embodiments, where the surface of the body has a nano-structured surface, the Sdr can be about 100 or more, e.g. about 120 to 200. For example, the surface can have an Sdr of about 150. In addition or in the alternative, the morphology can have an Sq of about 20 or more, e.g. about 20 to 30.
The corrosion resistance of the high-surface-area porous nano-structures of iron, having iron oxide at the surface, can be less than 5 Kohms, e.g., about 2 Kohms. This represents a significantly reduced resistance to corrosion when compared to iron having a smooth surface finish, which has a corrosion resistance of about 20 Kohms. The resistance to corrosion can be calculated by Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy ("EIS") data. An example of how EIS data can be used to calculate the resistance to corrosion is described in Analysis and Interpretation of EIS Data for Metals and Alloys, Technical Report No. 26, Florian Mansfeld (Solartron Limited, 1999).
In some embodiments, the morphology of the surface can exhibit high uniformity. In other embodiments, select portions of the stent can be differentially treated to result in a stent having regions of preferential erosion. Uniformity can provide predictable mechanical performance and a constant rate of erosion. In some embodiments, a uniform morphology of the surface of the body can allow for the uniform adhesion of a coating applied to the surface. The uniformity of the morphology as characterized by Sa, Sq or Sdr and/or average peak spacing parameters can be within about +/−20% or less, e.g. +/−10% or less within a 1 μm square. In a given stent region, the uniformity can be within about +/−10%, e.g. about +/−1%. For example, in some embodiments, the ceramic exhibits high uniformity over an entire surface region of stent, such as the entire abluminal or adluminal surface, or a portion of a surface region, such as the center 25% or 50% of the surface region. The uniformity is expressed as standard deviation. Uniformity in a region of a stent can be determined by determining the average in five randomly chosen 1 μm square regions and calculating the standard deviation. Uniformity of visual morphology type in a region is determined by inspection of FESEM data at 50 KX.
The above described high-surface-area porous nano-structures can be produced on an iron stent body by electrochemical treatments. These electrochemical treatments can result in the presence of iron oxide on the surface of the resulting nano-structures. These electrochemical treatments can include anodic dissolution while cycling between positive and negative potential pulses. The cycling of potential pulses can be by galvanic square waves ("GSW") or by potential square waves ("PSW"). For example, an iron stent body precursor can be modified to have the above described high-surface area porous nano-structures by exposing the precursor iron stent body, cleaned of surface impurities, to a 1 mol dm−3 NaOH solution and applying potential pulses cycling voltammetry at a sweep rate of 50 mV s−1 between −1.2 V and 0.5 V, or by square-wave (SQW) potential pulses between −1.2 V and 0.5 V at 0.017 Hz, for 1 hour at a temperature of 200� C. In some embodiments, particular portions of an iron stent body can be modified to have the above described nano-structure by selectively exposing different portions of the iron stent body precursor to an electrolyte, such as sodium hydroxide. For example, droplets of NaOH can be applied to select regions of the stent body precursor to create corrosion enhancing regions 26 of selected struts of the stent 20.
The stent body, in some embodiments, can have a surface with select regions having the high-surface-area surface morphologies so that the stent can degrade in a controlled manner. For example, as shown in
The stent body can, in some embodiments, include one or more coatings. In some embodiments, a block copolymer based on poly glutamic acid (PGA) can overlie the surface of the stent body. The block copolymer can, for example, be a di- or tri-block copolymer. Other blocks can be blocks of other biodegradable polymers such as poly(ethylene oxide) ("PEO"), polycaprolactam, poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) ("PLGA"), or polysaccharides. In some embodiments, a block copolymer of PGA and a non-ionic polysaccharide, such as Pullulan, can overly the surface of the stent.
A block copolymer based on PGA can provide a robust interface adhesion with iron oxide present at the surface of the stent. In some embodiments a polyglutamic acid-pullulan coating can be applied to a iron stent having a surface including iron oxide to produce a stent having a strong bond between the stent body and the applied coating. Furthermore, in some embodiments, the surface of the stent body can have the above described high-surface-area porous nano-structure morphology, which can also increase the adhesion of the block copolymer to the surface of the stent body.
The coating of the block copolymer based on PGA can be a drug eluding coating designed to deliver a therapeutic agent to the surrounding tissue as the coating and the stent body erodes. The terms "therapeutic agent", "pharmaceutically active agent", "pharmaceutically active material", "pharmaceutically active ingredient", "drug" and other related terms may be used interchangeably herein and include, but are not limited to, small organic molecules, peptides, oligopeptides, proteins, nucleic acids, oligonucleotides, genetic therapeutic agents, non-genetic therapeutic agents, vectors for delivery of genetic therapeutic agents, cells, and therapeutic agents identified as candidates for vascular treatment regimens, for example, as agents that reduce or inhibit restenosis. By small organic molecule it is meant an organic molecule having 50 or fewer carbon atoms, and fewer than 100 non-hydrogen atoms in total.
Exemplary non-genetic therapeutic agents for use in conjunction with the presently disclosed endoprostheses an include: (a) anti-thrombotic agents such as heparin, heparin derivatives, urokinase, and PPack (dextrophenylalanine proline arginine chloromethylketone); (b) anti-inflammatory agents such as dexamethasone, prednisolone, corticosterone, budesonide, estrogen, sulfasalazine and mesalamine; (c) antineoplastic/antiproliferative/anti-miotic agents such as paclitaxel, 5-fluorouracil, cisplatin, vinblastine, vincristine, epothilones, endostatin, angiostatin, angiopeptin, monoclonal antibodies capable of blocking smooth muscle cell proliferation, and thymidine kinase inhibitors; (d) anesthetic agents such as lidocaine, bupivacaine and ropivacaine; (e) anti-coagulants such as D-Phe-Pro-Arg chloromethyl ketone, an RGD peptide-containing compound, heparin, hirudin, antithrombin compounds, platelet receptor antagonists, anti-thrombin antibodies, anti-platelet receptor antibodies, aspirin, prostaglandin inhibitors, platelet inhibitors and tick antiplatelet peptides; (f) vascular cell growth promoters such as growth factors, transcriptional activators, and translational promotors; (g) vascular cell growth inhibitors such as growth factor inhibitors, growth factor receptor antagonists, transcriptional repressors, translational repressors, replication inhibitors, inhibitory antibodies, antibodies directed against growth factors, bifunctional molecules consisting of a growth factor and a cytotoxin, bifunctional molecules consisting of an antibody and a cytotoxin; (h) protein kinase and tyrosine kinase inhibitors (e.g., tyrphostins, genistein, quinoxalines); (i) prostacyclin analogs; (j) cholesterol-lowering agents; (k) angiopoietins; (l) antimicrobial agents such as triclosan, cephalosporins, aminoglycosides and nitrofurantoin; (m) cytotoxic agents, cytostatic agents and cell proliferation affectors; (n) vasodilating agents; (o) agents that interfere with endogenous vasoactive mechanisms; (p) inhibitors of leukocyte recruitment, such as monoclonal antibodies; (q) cytokines; (r) hormones; (s) inhibitors of HSP 90 protein (i.e., Heat Shock Protein, which is a molecular chaperone or housekeeping protein and is needed for the stability and function of other client proteins/signal transduction proteins responsible for growth and survival of cells) including geldanamycin; (t) alpha receptor antagonist (such as doxazosin, Tamsulosin) and beta receptor agonists (such as dobutamine, salmeterol), beta receptor antagonist (such as atenolol, metaprolol, butoxamine), angiotensin-II receptor antagonists (such as losartan, valsartan, irbesartan, candesartan and telmisartan), and antispasmodic drugs (such as oxybutynin chloride, flavoxate, tolterodine, hyoscyamine sulfate, diclomine); (u) bARKct inhibitors; (v) phospholamban inhibitors; (w) Serca 2 gene/protein; (x) immune response modifiers including aminoquizolines, for instance, imidazoquinolines such as resiquimod and imiquimod, and (y) human apolioproteins (e.g., AI, AII, AIII, AIV, AV, etc.).
Specific examples of non-genetic therapeutic agents include paclitaxel, (including particulate forms thereof, for instance, protein-bound paclitaxel particles such as albumin-bound paclitaxel nanoparticles, e.g., ABRAXANE), sirolimus, everolimus, tacrolimus, Epo D, dexamethasone, estradiol, halofuginone, cilostazole, geldanamycin, ABT-578 (Abbott Laboratories), trapidil, liprostin, Actinomcin D, Resten-NG, Ap-17, abciximab, clopidogrel, Ridogrel, beta-blockers, bARKct inhibitors, phospholamban inhibitors, Serca 2 gene/protein, imiquimod, human apolioproteins (e.g., AI-AV), growth factors (e.g., VEGF-2), as well as derivatives of the forgoing, among others.
Exemplary genetic therapeutic agents for use in conjunction with the presently disclosed endoprostheses include anti-sense DNA and RNA as well as DNA coding for the various proteins (as well as the proteins themselves): (a) anti-sense RNA, (b) tRNA or rRNA to replace defective or deficient endogenous molecules, (c) angiogenic and other factors including growth factors such as acidic and basic fibroblast growth factors, vascular endothelial growth factor, endothelial mitogenic growth factors, epidermal growth factor, transforming growth factor α and β, platelet-derived endothelial growth factor, platelet-derived growth factor, tumor necrosis factor α, hepatocyte growth factor and insulin-like growth factor; (d) cell cycle inhibitors including CD inhibitors, and (e) thymidine kinase ("TK") and other agents useful for interfering with cell proliferation. Also of interest is DNA encoding for the family of bone morphogenic proteins ("BMP's"), including BMP-2, BMP-3, BMP-4, BMP-5, BMP-6 (Vgr-1), BMP-7 (OP-1), BMP-8, BMP-9, BMP-10, BMP-11, BMP-12, BMP-13, BMP-14, BMP-15, and BMP-16. Currently preferred BMP's are any of BMP-2, BMP-3, BMP-4, BMP-5, BMP-6 and BMP-7. These dimeric proteins can be provided as homodimers, heterodimers, or combinations thereof, alone or together with other molecules. Alternatively, or in addition, molecules capable of inducing an upstream or downstream effect of a BMP can be provided. Such molecules include any of the "hedgehog" proteins, or the DNA's encoding them.
Vectors for delivery of genetic therapeutic agents include viral vectors such as adenoviruses, gutted adenoviruses, adeno-associated virus, retroviruses, alpha virus (Semliki Forest, Sindbis, etc.), lentiviruses, herpes simplex virus, replication competent viruses (e.g., ONYX-015) and hybrid vectors; and non-viral vectors such as artificial chromosomes and mini-chromosomes, plasmid DNA vectors (e.g., pCOR), cationic polymers (e.g., polyethyleneimine, polyethyleneimine (PEI)), graft copolymers (e.g., polyether-PEI and polyethylene oxide-PEI), neutral polymers PVP, SP1017 (SUPRATEK), lipids such as cationic lipids, liposomes, lipoplexes, nanoparticles, or microparticles, with and without targeting sequences such as the protein transduction domain (PTD).
Cells for use in conjunction with the presently disclosed endoprostheses include cells of human origin (autologous or allogeneic), including whole bone marrow, bone marrow derived mono-nuclear cells, progenitor cells (e.g., endothelial progenitor cells), stem cells (e.g., mesenchymal, hematopoietic, neuronal), pluripotent stem cells, fibroblasts, myoblasts, satellite cells, pericytes, cardiomyocytes, skeletal myocytes or macrophage, or from an animal, bacterial or fungal source (xenogeneic), which can be genetically engineered, if desired, to deliver proteins of interest.
Numerous therapeutic agents, not necessarily exclusive of those listed above, have been identified as candidates for vascular treatment regimens, for example, as agents targeting restenosis. Such agents are useful for the presently disclosed endoprostheses and include one or more of the following: (a) Ca-channel blockers including benzothiazapines such as diltiazem and clentiazem, dihydropyridines such as nifedipine, amlodipine and nicardapine, and phenylalkylamines such as verapamil; (b) serotonin pathway modulators including: 5-HT antagonists such as ketanserin and naftidrofuryl, as well as 5-HT uptake inhibitors such as fluoxetine; (c) cyclic nucleotide pathway agents including phosphodiesterase inhibitors such as cilostazole and dipyridamole, adenylate/Guanylate cyclase stimulants such as forskolin, as well as adenosine analogs; (d) catecholamine modulators including α-antagonists such as prazosin and bunazosine, β-antagonists such as propranolol and α/β-antagonists such as labetalol and carvedilol; (e) endothelin receptor antagonists; (f) nitric oxide donors/releasing molecules including organic nitrates/nitrites such as nitroglycerin, isosorbide dinitrate and amyl nitrite, inorganic nitroso compounds such as sodium nitroprusside, sydnonimines such as molsidomine and linsidomine, nonoates such as diazenium diolates and NO adducts of alkanediamines, S-nitroso compounds including low molecular weight compounds (e.g., S-nitroso derivatives of captopril, glutathione and N-acetyl penicillamine) and high molecular weight compounds (e.g., S-nitroso derivatives of proteins, peptides, oligosaccharides, polysaccharides, synthetic polymers/oligomers and natural polymers/oligomers), as well as C-nitroso-compounds, O-nitroso-compounds, N-nitroso-compounds and L-arginine; (g) ACE inhibitors such as cilazapril, fosinopril and enalapril; (h) ATII-receptor antagonists such as saralasin and losartin; (i) platelet adhesion inhibitors such as albumin and polyethylene oxide; (j) platelet aggregation inhibitors including cilostazole, aspirin and thienopyridine (ticlopidine, clopidogrel) and GP IIb/IIIa inhibitors such as abciximab, epitifibatide and tirofiban; (k) coagulation pathway modulators including heparinoids such as heparin, low molecular weight heparin, dextran sulfate and β-cyclodextrin tetradecasulfate, thrombin inhibitors such as hirudin, hirulog, PPACK(D-phe-L-propyl-L-arg-chloromethylketone) and argatroban, FXa inhibitors such as antistatin and TAP (tick anticoagulant peptide), Vitamin K inhibitors such as warfarin, as well as activated protein C; (l) cyclooxygenase pathway inhibitors such as aspirin, ibuprofen, flurbiprofen, indomethacin and sulfinpyrazone; (m) natural and synthetic corticosteroids such as dexamethasone, prednisolone, methprednisolone and hydrocortisone; (n) lipoxygenase pathway inhibitors such as nordihydroguairetic acid and caffeic acid; (o) leukotriene receptor antagonists, (p) antagonists of E- and P-selectins; (q) inhibitors of VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 interactions; (r) prostaglandins and analogs thereof including prostaglandins such as PGE1 and PGI2 and prostacyclin analogs such as ciprostene, epoprostenol, carbacyclin, iloprost and beraprost; (s) macrophage activation preventers including bisphosphonates; (t) HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors such as lovastatin, pravastatin, fluvastatin, simvastatin and cerivastatin; (u) fish oils and omega-3-fatty acids; (v) free-radical scavengers/antioxidants such as probucol, vitamins C and E, ebselen, trans-retinoic acid and SOD mimics; (w) agents affecting various growth factors including FGF pathway agents such as bFGF antibodies and chimeric fusion proteins, PDGF receptor antagonists such as trapidil, IGF pathway agents including somatostatin analogs such as angiopeptin and ocreotide, TGF-β pathway agents such as polyanionic agents (heparin, fucoidin), decorin, and TGF-β antibodies, EGF pathway agents such as EGF antibodies, receptor antagonists and chimeric fusion proteins, TNF-α pathway agents such as thalidomide and analogs thereof, Thromboxane A2 (TXA2) pathway modulators such as sulotroban, vapiprost, dazoxiben and ridogrel, as well as protein tyrosine kinase inhibitors such as tyrphostin, genistein and quinoxaline derivatives; (x) MMP pathway inhibitors such as marimastat, ilomastat and metastat; (y) cell motility inhibitors such as cytochalasin B; (z) antiproliferative/antineoplastic agents including antimetabolites such as purine analogs (e.g., 6-mercaptopurine or cladribine, which is a chlorinated purine nucleoside analog), pyrimidine analogs (e.g., cytarabine and 5-fluorouracil) and methotrexate, nitrogen mustards, alkyl sulfonates, ethylenimines, antibiotics (e.g., daunorubicin, doxorubicin, macrolide antibiotics such as erythromycin), nitrosoureas, cisplatin, agents affecting microtubule dynamics (e.g., vinblastine, vincristine, colchicine, Epo D, paclitaxel and epothilone), caspase activators, proteasome inhibitors, angiogenesis inhibitors (e.g., endostatin, angiostatin and squalamine), rapamycin, cerivastatin, flavopiridol and suramin; (aa) matrix deposition/organization pathway inhibitors such as halofuginone or other quinazolinone derivatives and tranilast; (bb) endothelialization facilitators such as VEGF and RGD peptide, and (cc) blood rheology modulators such as pentoxifylline.
Further additional therapeutic agents include immunosuppressents such as sirolimus and antibiotics such as macrolide antibiotics, evorolimus, zotarolimus, tacrolimus, picrolimus, and Tacrolimus for the presently disclosed endoprostheses are also disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,733,925.
Where a therapeutic agent is included, a wide range of therapeutic agent loadings can be used in conjunction with the presently disclosed block copolymer of PGA, with the therapeutically effective amount being readily determined by those of ordinary skill in the art and ultimately depending, for example, upon the condition to be treated, the age, sex and condition of the patient, the nature of the therapeutic agent, the erosion rate of the block copolymer of PGA and/or the stent body, and/or the nature of the stent itself, among other factors.
The stent can be of a desired shape and size (e.g., coronary stents, aortic stents, peripheral vascular stents, gastrointestinal stents, urology stents, tracheal/bronchial stents, and neurology stents). Depending on the application, the stent can have a diameter of between, e.g., about 1 mm to about 46 mm. In certain embodiments, a coronary stent can have an expanded diameter of from about 2 mm to about 6 mm. In some embodiments, a peripheral stent can have an expanded diameter of from about 4 mm to about 24 mm. In certain embodiments, a gastrointestinal and/or urology stent can have an expanded diameter of from about 6 mm to about 30 mm. In some embodiments, a neurology stent can have an expanded diameter of from about 1 mm to about 12 mm. An abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) stent and a thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA) stent can have a diameter from about 20 mm to about 46 mm. The stent can be balloon-expandable, self-expandable, or a combination of both (e.g., U.S. Pat. No. 6,290,721). The ceramics can be used with other endoprostheses or medical devices, such as catheters, guide wires, and filters.
All publications, patent applications, patents, and other references mentioned herein including the appendix, are incorporated by reference herein in their entirety.
A number of embodiments have been described. Nevertheless, it will be understood that various modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of this disclosure. Accordingly, other embodiments are within the scope of the following claims.
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|27 Jul 2007
|26 Apr 2011
|Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc.
|Articles having ceramic coated surfaces
|2 Nov 2007
|10 May 2011
|Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc.
|Deformable underlayer for stent
|11 Jul 2007
|17 May 2011
|Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc.
|Endoprosthesis coating
|18 Mar 2011
|25 Nov 2014
|Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc.
|29 Sep 2011
|Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc.
|14 Feb 2012
|14 Jun 2012
|Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc.
|Bioerodible endoprosthesis with biostable inorganic layers
|22 Mar 2011
|29 Sep 2011
|Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc.
|Surface treated bioerodible metal endoprostheses
|U.S. Classification
|623/1.15, 623/1.46, 977/915
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|12 Jun 2008
Owner name: BOSTON SCIENTIFIC SCIMED, INC., MINNESOTA
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:ATANASOSKA, LILIANA;RADHAKRISHNAN, RAJESH;ARCAND, BEN;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:021087/0584;SIGNING DATES FROM 20080421 TO 20080424
Owner name: BOSTON SCIENTIFIC SCIMED, INC., MINNESOTA
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:ATANASOSKA, LILIANA;RADHAKRISHNAN, RAJESH;ARCAND, BEN;AND OTHERS;SIGNING DATES FROM 20080421 TO 20080424;REEL/FRAME:021087/0584
|27 Mar 2015
|Maintenance fee reminder mailed


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Set of 3 ink pads: purple, orange, green. Stamps are sold separately. Permanent waterproof ink. Each case: W 2.75" L 3.88; exterior printed with corresponding ink color.
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Thomas MacEntee wrote on the FGS blog, asking if local genealogy societies are ready for the upcoming season of Who Do You Think You Are. The broadcast of this series offers a lot of opportunities for societies to get some publicity and recruit some new genealogists into sharing our passion for family history.
Posts from James Tanner of Genealogy's Star are becoming regular recommendations here. This week he wrote about the reliability of flash drives.
Marian Pierre-Louis did a nice job explaining how to use lists to manage news feeds on Facebook on Roots and Rambles.
My fellow Nebraskan, Ruby Coleman, wrote an informative piece on the Civil War Veterans Museum in Nebraska City. If you are planning to attend the Nebraska State Genealogical Society's annual conference in Nebraska City on May 6 - 7, 2011, add a visit to the museum to your weekend plans. Also visit the museum's web site.
Blogging to Write Family History on Generations of Stories is one of this week's best reads.
Many of the genealogy bloggers have been having a good time sharing memories of the cars in their life via 52 Weeks to Personal Genealogy - Cars. Some of the best photos of old cars were shared on Images Past by Jo in Scotland. Browse through all of the fun stories and photographs about our cars - and those of our ancestors.
There were some great photographs posted on the geneablogs this week. Among them:
Mt. Vernon Cemetery in the Snow by Bill West on The Old Colony Graveyard Rabbitt. I always enjoy seeing the photos that Bill posts on his Facebook page.
Over the past several months, Barbara Poole of Life From the Roots has shared many photos that have really resonated with me. Barbara's vintage photos have an amazing way of capturing everyday life that triggers one's own personal memories. I love her photo this week, With Needle in Hand.
I love these cemetery photos featuring a Celtic cross from Over Thy Dead Body.
On the lighter side is The Top Ten Indicators That You've Become a Genea-holic by Larry of Family Roots and Branches. Another good story is Genealogy Wisdom.
Blogs about blogs
Some of my new favorite blogs aren't about genealogy, but are blogs about blogs. It's been nice to pick up some tips from blog writers who are good at their craft and are outside of our geneablogging world. For my fellow geneabloggers, I recommend the following:
The new trend toward electronic publishing was discussed on the Spittal Street blog.
Some of the best blogging advice comes from Ben at Weekly Blogging magazine: Five Things to Include in Your About Page.
Other bloggers also offer their recommendations and weekly highlights. Check their recommended reading lists:
Randy Seaver's Best of the Geneablogs on Geneamusings.
Greta's Follow Friday on Greta's Genealogy Blog.
Elizabeth O'Neal's Best Bytes on Little Bytes of Life.


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I just tried an outstanding turtle recipe. The caramel is brown sugar, butter, corn syrup, salt & sweetened condensed milk heated to 248 degrees. They started out great nice & chewy, not too hard BUT after a week the caramel is turning grainy, sugary & crumbly. What happened?
Take the 2-minute tour ×
Seasoned Advice is a question and answer site for professional and amateur chefs. It's 100% free, no registration required.
The sugar is crystallising. Try replacing the corn syrup with glucose syrup, or adding a little cream of tartar, both of which prevent crystallisation.
Not to point fingers, but are you sure you didn't leave out the corn syrup? Even a small amount is pretty effective in preventing crystallization of table sugar. The glucose in corn syrup gets in between the sucrose crystals and interrupts the crystallization process.


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Hydrogen is an advanced drum machine for GNU/Linux, Windows and Mac OS X. It's main goal is to bring professional yet simple and intuitive pattern-based drum programming.
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This is a REALLY GOOD software with all the basic functions. I wish it had more functionality though. I am gonna use it mainly for my BeatBuddy guitar pedal drum machine thingy- mybeatbuddy.com it should actually go well with this program I think. I really need something simple like this program. I highly recommend it!! Not as advanced as the more advanced programs though, but still REALLY GOOD!!!
loved it
For me is the best free drum machine, the little trouble is... no updates for windows since 2011. But still working perfectly.
I have used Hydrogen for years, and it has always been a favorite. But since this update, everything in the program sounds like it is coming through an absurd amount of reverb. I simply cannot even use it.
Hydrogen is perfect! Thanks.


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Eloise P. Broner
Eloise P. Broner is the president and chief executive officer (CEO) at Good Samaritan Hospital. Broner was appointed to the Wright State University Board of Trustees in 2010 to serve out the unexpired term of Judge James Cannon.
Broner has over 20 years of executive health care experience. She served as vice president of operations at Miami Valley Hospital for 17 years before becoming the chief purchasing officer with the Premier Health Partners health system corporate office.
A fellow of the American College of Healthcare Executives (ACHE), Broner received her bachelor's degree from Indiana University (Bloomington, Indiana) and her master's degree in public health from Meharry Medical College (Nashville, Tenn.).
She is a current board member for the Montgomery County Transportation Improvement District. She is a past board member for the local Alzheimer's Association, the Big Brother/Big Sister organization, the Salvation Army, and Montgomery County Children's Services.
In 2009, Broner was recognized as Dayton's Top 10 Women, Dayton's Top 10 African American Women, and was a finalist for the Stevie Awards for Women in Business.
Broner lives in the Dayton area with her husband and two daughters.
Term ends 2017.
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Wright State cares about the enviroment and the health of our campus and planet. Learn how you can join the charge to make our community a better place to work, study, and play.


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I've already blogged about the health benefits of eating a variety of richly pigmented plant foods—the glorious reds, purples, oranges, and yellows found in fresh produce aisles, farmers' markets, and backyard gardens.
Turns out the white fruits and vegetables—apples, pears, onions, cauliflower, cucumbers, and bananas—may also confer health benefits, specifically against strokes.
People who eat more white fruits and vegetables have far fewer strokes than those who don't
Dutch researchers followed more than 20,000 adults free of cardiovascular diseases at the start of the study for 10 years, and found "the risk of stroke was 52 percent lower for people with a high intake of white fruits and vegetables compared to people with a low intake. Each 25 gram per day increase in white fruits and vegetable consumption was associated with a 9 percent lower risk of stroke. An average apple is 120 grams." (The study classified potatoes as starches, not vegetables.)
Of course, the researchers urge caution in interpreting their data. They say their findings are preliminary and represent correlation, not necessarily causation. The benefits observed might result from other factors such as an overall healthier diet and lifestyle among people who eat lots of apples, pears, and onions.
Our garden onions (both red- and white-fleshed) are safely tucked away in the cellar, and it's apple season here in central New Hampshire. The onions, as well as local apples, will last all winter, which makes it easy to tuck away a couple of white-vegetable servings each day. For anyone seeking more variety, most supermarkets carry bananas, cauliflower, and cucumbers year 'round.
Simple recipes that go with everything
Try slicing apples and/or pears, poaching them in a skillet with a tiny bit of water until soft, then sprinkling with a little cinnamon before serving as a side dish.
Or try a combination of red or green cabbage, onions, and apples. The proportions don't matter much.
- Prepare a marinade of ¼ cup apple cider vinegar, ½ cup apple cider, 2 tablespoons of your favorite sweetener, plus a pinch of salt.
- Shred a small cabbage and toss with marinade.
- Sauteé a diced onion in a little olive oil in a large skillet until soft.
- Add the cabbage with its marinade, and simmer for 20 minutes.
- Finally, add two or three diced apples and simmer a few more minutes until the apples are soft and most of the liquid has evaporated.
Margaret Boyles lives in a wood-heated house in central New Hampshire. She grows vegetables, eats weeds, keeps chickens, swims in a backyard pond in summer, snowshoes in the surrounding woods in winter, and commutes by bike whenever possible.


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The mount command in linux requires -t nfs4 in order to mount version 4 NFS shares, so I need to know beforehand which version it is.
Take the 2-minute tour ×
Unix & Linux Stack Exchange is a question and answer site for users of Linux, FreeBSD and other Un*x-like operating systems.. It's 100% free, no registration required.
Per: NFS version 3 and 4 with TCP/IP protocols, you could enter either of these commands:
Note: All flavours of the command appear to support the -p argument, while the Solaris and GNU linux variants also support the -s variant.
You could include some logic, based around the enquiry, into a shell script that instantiates a variable that could be pluged into a mount command e.g.


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219 South College Road
Wilmington, NC 28403
Neuwirth Motors, located at 219 South College Road, Wilmington, North Carolina, takes pride in our helpful staff and we will do everything to make your car buying experience the best you have ever had. We have helped many people from the communities of Shallotte, Kings Grant and Myrtle Grove, NC get into the Chrysler, Jeep, RAM or Dodge car of their dreams.
At Neuwirth Motors you will find your favorite 2014 and 2015 Chrysler, Jeep, RAM and Dodge models at competitive prices. Take a test drive at our greater Wilmington Chrysler, Jeep, RAM and Dodge dealership in the new Chrysler 200, 300, Town & Country, Dodge Dart, Journey, Charger, Grand Caravan, RAM 1500, 2500, 3500, Cargo, Jeep Grand Cherokee, Patriot, Wrangler and more. The Neuwirth Motors sales people are ready to answer your questions about a particular model and find the Chrysler, Jeep, RAM or Dodge in Wilmington that meets all of your expectations. For a large selection of new and used Chrysler, Jeep, RAM and Dodge cars in Wilmington, visit our dealership today.
For a high-quality used car in the greater Wilmington region, Neuwirth Motors has a large selection of cars trucks and SUVs to choose from and an exceptional sales team to answer all of your questions.
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Neuwirth Motors in Wilmington, North Carolina, not only sells new and used Chrysler, Jeep, RAM and Dodge vehicles but we offer exceptional service, parts and accessories. We use only genuine Chrysler, Jeep, RAM and Dodge parts on all of our car repairs and our technicians are some of the highest trained in the area. Find out about our special $10 Oil Change in Wilmington!
Thank you for considering Neuwirth Motors. If you would like more information on our Chrysler, Jeep, RAM or Dodge cars, stop by our dealership at 219 South College Road. If you need directions to our Chrysler, Jeep, RAM, Dodge dealership, click here to follow step by step directions from Shallotte, Kings Grant and Myrtle Grove, NC. We are always available by phone during normal business hours so give us a call today.
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- Independent
- The Enterprise
- The Recorder
A Leonardtown area man's niece took his bank account checks from him because she feared he would be taken advantage of due to his mental state, according to court papers alleging a woman working at the bank did just that, taking $10,000 from his account.
Maria Juanita Nickerson, 54, ordered new checks for the PNC Bank customer's account, while she worked as its Breton branch manager, charging papers allege, and a check against the customer's account for that amount was written last March and deposited in Nickerson's account.
"The check appears to be signed by the victim, but filled out by another party," according to a charges application filed by Trooper Michael Parker of the Maryland State Police, assigned to St. Mary's Bureau of Criminal Investigations. Two withdrawals totaling $9,000 later were made from Nickerson's account.
Nickerson has been charged through a summons with illegally obtaining the property of a vulnerable adult, of more than $500. A conviction for the felony offense carries a maximum sentence of 15 years in prison and a $10,000 fine.
Nickerson could not be reached by phone this week at her home or the bank's Breton branch. A corporate communications officer with the bank's headquarters in Pittsburgh declined to comment on Nickerson's employment status.
Nickerson admitted to the bank's fraud investigators to "borrowing the money from the victim," and she agreed to return the money to the customer's account, the charges application states, adding that a bank investigator forwarded to police "an IOU, signed by the suspect, to the victim."
The investigation began last April when St. Mary's Social Services Department's adult protection services contacted St. Mary's detectives, court papers state, about the matter involving the bank customer, whose "decision-making abilities were impaired." The bank customer told the law officer and the bank investigator that "he had never associated with the defendant personally, only professionally," according to the charges application, and that because she had never been to his home, "he must have loaned her the money at the bank."


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Practice Philosophy
Dr. Slade and his staff want you to make an informed decision about cosmetic surgery. We will work to guide you from consultation through surgery in comfort and safety. We operate in a fully equipped hospital surgery center and can arrange for an overnight hospital stay when needed. We are available to take your calls and questions at any time. We look forward to meeting you.
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|Join WAC
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Choose your type of membership from the table below. Please look through the list carefully to choose the appropriate membership category, then click on the appropriate button containing the price in the neighbouring column. You may also choose between one year memberships, four year memberships, or life memberships. Within each of these are options regarding how you wish to receive WAC's journal Archaeologies.
If you select the "paper and electronic journal" option, you will be sent copies of Archaeologies three times a year by post (in addition you will be given online access to the journal). Please note that the postal address you enter when making payment by PayPal will be used as your mailing address by default setting. If you wish to receive copies of the journal at an address different from the one registered for your PayPal payments, please notify the WAC Membership Secretary (contact details shown below).
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Gigtown stirs the pot
"Just as Uber changed transportation, we're changing local music"
Ken Leighton 6 p.m., Sept. 2
Image posted by bohemianopus
December 21, 2012
Ken Leighton 6 p.m., Sept. 2
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While President Obama has never expressed a specific anti-video game sentiment that we're aware of, he does often refer to games as something to put aside in order to do something more worthy.
To wit; on Father's Day Obama urged dads to swap their kids' video games for books. In a recent speech to the American Medical Association, Obama said that children should "step away from the video games and spend more time playing outside." In early June Obama suggested that Chinese and Indian children were pulling ahead of American youth because they watch less T.V., play fewer video games and spend more time on their schoolwork.
Video games came up again yesterday as the President and Mrs. Obama spoke at a United We Serve event at Fort McNair in Washington, D.C. eNews Park Forest has a transcript, including the President's comment on video games:
On Monday, we launched "United We Serve," our summer service initiative. It's going to run all the way through our National Day of Service on September 11th. We want to ask every American to take some time out this summer to do something for others.
Parents, take your kids -- they're going to have fun, they're going to be in sports camps, they're going to be watching TV and playing video games. Once a week, take them down -- whether it's to a soup kitchen or to volunteer on a community project -- teach them what it means to be a real citizen. You'll find that actually the kids love it, and it's going to make a lasting impression on them.


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Application FormsOnline Application Form
Note: The following Portable Document Format (pdf) applications are best viewed using Adobe Acrobat Reader 6. Features have been added to these documents to make them accessible to all users. If you are having problems accessing these documents please let us know, we will gladly e-mail you a copy in another format.
See below for a link to download a free Adobe Acrobat Reader.
Supplemental Form (Note: for Health Advisory Board applicants only)
For applying to volunteer at the Marion County Dog Shelter


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Little Darlings
Little Darlings is a teen sex comedy about a group of 15-year-old girls at a summer camp who establish a contest to see which one of them will lose their virginity first. Tatum O'Neal stars as Ferris, a naive but sexually aware rich girl on the make with the older camp swimming instructor Gary (Armand Assante). Her rival in this race for deflowering is Angel (Kristy McNichol), who is quick to point out, Don't let the name fool you. She sets her sights on the young Randy (Matt Dillon). But the contest gets obscured by inter-personal crises: Cinder (Krista Errickson), a young tease in a bunny suit, seduces Randy away from Angel, while Ferris has second thoughts about offering herself to the camp counselor.~ Paul Brenner, All Movie Guide
Cast: Matt Dillon, Tatum O'Neal, Armand Assante, Kristy McNichol, Margaret Blye
Produced by: Stephen J. Friedman
Directed by: Ronald F. Maxwell
Written by: Kimi Peck, Dalene Young
Running time: 1hr 36min
Opens: Mar 21, 1980 NY
|Theaters for Today
Pick a day
on this day.


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Perhaps a CodingSnack is in order?
User navigates to file/files in Explorer, selects them, RightClicks and selects the OPTION (a symphonic melody is played upon selection for added emphasis) .
The option would kick an AHK script (in the background) that launches 7-Zip, zips the files, then proceeds to FTP the file to a predetermined location on the server.
<<my brain tends to shoot into overdrive when I define an IDEA for a Coding Snack>>
After the user selects the OPTION (another symphonic melody is played upon selection for more added emphasis) in the RightClick context menu, they are prompted by msgbox for:
- Archive filename (which should be prefixed by timedate stamp to prevent file overwriting)
- Archive format dropdown menu: 7z, Tar, Zip
- An unguessable Password + Password confirmation + Password Hint
- A Yes/No checkbox asking, "Would you like a HelpFile to be created?"
User hits Submit, another msgbox appears confirming the above selections:
- filename
- format
- password
- a reminder that if they forget their password, nothing can be done to retrieve their files (or something to that effect).
So, I have an overactive imagination. LOL


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Burberry Lip Cover Soft Satin Lipstick, Copper Glow No.02
Product information
- Superlight "second skin" texture provides intense moisture immediately after application
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- Pigments dispersed in a clear gelled structure to ensure high colour fidelity
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Apply like a normal lipstick or apply to your finger and push into the lip to give a more natural colour.
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Click & collectFREE on orders over £30, £2 if you spend less. Collect from John Lewis or Waitrose tomorrow from 2pm
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Collect + from a local shop from tomorrow - postcode exclusions apply for Collect+ deliveries5000+ participating Collect+ shops
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You'll find returns information on your delivery note. Unless faulty, we'd like you to make your return within 90 days of purchase. Exceptions apply to certain products - find out more about our refund policy.
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Arguably one of the U.S.'s most environmentally friendly cities, Portland offers visitors an extensive public transit system and sustainable options in nearly every part of the city, from restaurants, to hotels, to public parks. Along with this eco-centered push comes an "urban growth boundary," making Portland extremely compact and navigable.
It's no accident that Portland's most popular attractions are nature-oriented, from the zen Portland Japanese Garden to numerous hiking paths (such as Oneonto Gorge, just 15 minutes east of the city in Mt. Hood National Forest).
But for less outdoorsy types, Portland also offers more typically urban highlights, including some of the nation's best breweries, restaurants, and museums. Widmer Brewing Company on Mississippi Avenue offers daily tours (with free goodies, like samples and a pint glass souvenir!).
Hotels are sprinkled throughout the entire Portland downtown and surrounding areas, but most are concentrated in the districts immediately west of the Willamette River. If you're coming to Portland for an event or festival, you'll likely want to stay around the Pioneer Courthouse Square -- the largest outdoor venue in the city, where hundreds of festivals are held every year. Business travelers may want to stay within the Lloyd District -- Portland's commercial district, home to the Oregon Convention Center.
Luckily, Portland offers visitors a clean and effective public transit system, so if you opt for a less expensive hotel on the outskirts, you will be able to easily access downtown areas.
|Portland International Airport
|U.S. Dollar
|120 V, 60 Hz
|15-20% at restaurants
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What's in the Guide
Welcome to the Near East research guide. It covers 1) Islam, 2) countries of the Near East: Egypt, Syria, Jordan, Lebanon, the West Bank, Iraq, Saudi Arabia, Yemen, Kuwait, the Emirates, Bahrain, Morocco, Tunisia, Algeria, Libya, Iran, Turkey and the Central Asian countries: Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan and Turkmenistan. It covers resources in Arabic, Persian, Turkish, Uzbek, Kyrgyz, Kazakh, Tajik, Turkmen, Uighur, Kurdish, and the ancient languages: Akkadian, Assyrian, Sumerian, ancient Egyptian, Coptic and Syriac.
Vernacular and Digitization
For materials published in the Middle East, generally the range of reference materials is much more limited than what exists for U.S. and European materials. Education in the Middle East was traditionally based on memorization. Arabic script did not lend itself to use on printing presses. For example, for vernacular languages, products such as periodical indexes were not begun until late in the 20th century and still cover a relatively small portion of what has been published.
The existence of databases in languages of the Middle East is also limited. In the U.S. and Europe, databases could be developed because publishers had used electronic texts to drive printing presses for some time. Such texts were not as available in the Middle East, and scanning and OCR of texts in Arabic script is extremely time consuming and not very accurate. The databases that do exist can be a bit challenging to use.
If you are having trouble locating resources, please contact Mary St. Germain for help. There are options--it may just take a little more effort to get started.
Near East Librarian
Contact Info
Room 133, Suzzallo Library
Send Email
Profile & Guides


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Diamonte Floral and Gifts
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Albuquerque Florist, Inc has over 20 years of wedding expertise in the flower industry. We have helped hundreds of brides bring to life their...(more)
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<< Start < Prev 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 Next > End >>
|Page 76 of 110
|Child care challenge
|Is there life beyond Reed?
|Baby. Boom!
|Money Troubles
|Business School
|Light Reading
|University of Oregon plans facility named after Marcus Mariota
|Facebook doesn't need to know everything about you
|Hackers access more than 225k Apple accounts
|Companies offer wearables for your dog
|Umatilla targets homeless camps
|Obama has votes for Iran deal
|A Bouquet of Beer in Bend
For good or ill, gay marriage inspires many people. They have strong feelings about it. Sometimes those strong feelings are grounded in religion and sometimes they are not. When the workplace is added to the mix, emotions tend to run high. After giving an overview of two current situations, The Bullard Edge is going to outline three key points for consideration and clarity.
Yesterday, a divided National Labor Relations Board dropped another hammer on the employer community. In a long-awaited and much debated move, the Board jettisoned the decades old standard for determining when two independent businesses should be considered joint employers of an individual worker for collective bargaining purposes.
Transforming the culture of Oregon's educational leadership.
Attendance, breakfast buffet, materials, certificate of attendance and parking are all complimentary on behalf of the firm.
New regulations are in effect and more updates are on the horizon, are you prepared?
The Oregon Entrepreneurs Network (OEN) is pleased to announce 16 finalists — from over 60 nominees — for the 2015 OEN Tom Holce Entrepreneurship Awards.


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Five Things To Know About Kanye West x A.P.C.
Five Things To Know About Kanye West x A.P.C.
Kanye West and A.P.C.'s capsule collaboration has been getting ridiculously hyped up for a while, and now that it is finally here you deserve to know all the facts about before you spend money on a hefty price tag. From how the collaboration started to some exclusive information about apparel, here are the 5 Things To Know About Kanye West x A.P.C. courtesy of our friends over at Four Pins.
1. Sometime in 2001, Kanye West meets A.P.C. founder Jean Touitou.
In an interview with GQ, Jean Touitou talks about how the two originally met:
"Over two years ago, a visitor to the A.P.C. studio was announced to me as "Kenny." He wanted my advice on the fashion industry; although I found such a request quite vague, as a mutual friend introduced us, I met with the guy. The guy talks, talks and talks and I was having a good time listening. He had nice manners and spoke about losing his mother in a surgery accident, about losing his girlfriend too, and about how difficult doing the right thing in fashion was. After a while, I was curious to know what this gentleman was currently doing in his life. I simply asked him: "May I know what your trade is, sir?" He took his shades down, so that finally I could see his eyes, and answered me: "I am a hip-hop artist."
At some point my crew informed me that his name was West, Kanye West. I introduced him to the A.P.C. design studio, and he kept asking how he could start something in that fashion industry. This is when we all advised him to start that something in France, and keep quiet about fashion noise while learning about it. Then later, as we became friends, he invited me to his recording studio at Hôtel Meurice. At the time he was working with Jay-Z on an album, which wasn't already named, Watch the Throne. Over the months, we kept hanging out and finally came up with the idea of doing a small capsule collection of clothes together. "Small" meaning that this capsule collection consists of a jean, a hoodie and a T-shirt. Those are precious to me and to Kanye too, because it took time and thoughts to get there."
2. December 2012, Touitou releases a photo of Kanye and himself working together.
This picture ignited the rumors of the two collaborating together.
3. July 7, 2013, A.P.C. officially confirms the July 14 collaboration and the specific 10am EST release via their Twitter and website.
The rumors finally get put to rest. A.P.C. took to Twitter to confirm the release of the collection and also gave us a sneak peak at one of the denim pieces.
4. Jean Touitou unveils more details about the collection.
In an interview with GQ, Touitou unveils that the collection would be small and consists of one denim bottom, one T-shirt and one hoodie.
5. The Four Pins breakdown.
Four Pins rounded up the essential details regarding A.P.C. X KANYE.On the denim: "The APC Kanye jean is a customized version of the original CURE cut. Kanye said '…they're like my old Dior's.'" On the price: "Expect it to be up there." On the original scale of the collaboration: "The collection was supposed to be much larger, but Kanye scrapped it. There was supposed to be a chambray shirt included, but it got cut because Kanye changed his mind on the sleeves." On availability: "It's a pretty big run." On Kanye's perfectionism: "It sounds like the most frustrating project [A.P.C.'s] worked on. [Kanye] wanted to make changes up to, and after, the last minute." On Jean Touitou's frustration: "Basically, Jean issued an ultimatum saying SOMETHING needed to be released or he wouldn't work with him, so they compromised." Now that you've got some solid background on one of the hottest collaborations of 2013 head to A.P.C. to pick up your very own "Hip Hop T-shirt." If your thirst for Ye'.P.C. knowledge hasn't yet been quenched, check out the full run-down on Four Pins.


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David Weiland, MD
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Nuclear Medicine
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Vascular & Interventional
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