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Summerall remembered as 'voice of the NFL' - Comments
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Alan Jones has rejected suggestions that the Australian GP should become a night race, insisting it's fine the way it is...
Former F1 champion Alan Jones has rejected suggestions that the Australian GP should become a night race, insisting it's fine the way it is.
The Victorian government's contract with Bernie Ecclestone to host the race expires in 2015 and organisers are under heavy pressure not to renew the deal due to the massive debt that has been racked up.
However, Jones believes that the race offers something special, with the lure of Australia enough to keep it in the mix.
"All the people involved in Formula One just love coming here and so if there had to be a vote taken they'd all put their hand up and say 'We want to go to Australia'," he is quoted as saying by Western Australia Today.
"They love coming here, they like the circuit, it's probably one of the best-run grands prix in the world. So on that aspect alone I think we've got a really good chance of retaining it."
Even if the race remains on the calendar, there have been calls for it to become a night race in order to make the race more spectator friendly for fans in Europe.
Jones isn't too fazed by what fans abroad want, insisting that it it not worth inconveniencing home fans.
"By lighting up Albert Park it would be terribly expensive, it would be inconvenient," he explained.
"You know, you get a lot of corporates coming from interstate. How would they get back in time to start work on Monday morning? As it is at the moment, I think it's a great compromise.
"From my point of view, as Australians, we've been getting up in the middle of the night to watch European grands prix for the last 25 years," he added.
"They (European viewers) can get up to watch one.
"What we're doing now is a good compromise, starting it later in the day."

subset: commoncrawl


text:
- Independent
- The Enterprise
- The Recorder
The grades are out on local jurisdictions� Watershed Implementation Plans and Charles County�s plan did not fare well.
Charles County�s WIP, which is intended to outline strategies to clean up the area�s waters, received the lowest grade possible, �Much More Work Ahead for Clean Local Waters,� from the Choose Clean Water Coalition, an organization comprising hundreds of nonprofits that seeks federal leadership to clean up the Chesapeake Bay and its tributaries.
The coalition includes organizations such as the 1,000 Friends of Maryland, the Mattawoman Watershed Society and the Coalition for Smarter Growth.
The coalition found that Charles� WIP plan and eight other county WIP plans are �skeletal and did not commit to clear implementation strategies,� according to the coalition�s report released last week.
The WIP is the state�s mechanism for local juridications to use to meet the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency�s Chesapeake Bay total maximum daily load of nutrient pollution and sediment by 2025.
The bay TMDL, established in 2010, is 185.9 million pounds of nitrogen per year, 12.54 million pounds of phosphorus per year and 6.45 billion pounds of sediment per year.
Claudia Friedetzky, conservation representative with the Maryland Sierra Club, said Charles� Watershed Implementation Plan focuses a lot on planning strategies, but shows no commitment to measures that begin to reduce nutrient pollution in the county�s waters.
�We need specific commitments to pollution reduction strategies and we need to see the analysis of how much the implementation strategies will reduce pollution and finally how these strategies will be funded,� Friedetzky said.
Charles� WIP as proposed currently lists a schedule to develop a work strategy by June 30, 2013, through research, planning and coordiation with other agencies.
One of the major analyses to be developed is to project scenarios of �best management practices� and how much those practices will reduce nutrient pollition that clouds the bay and its waters.
The plan also includes interim strategies such as upgrading wastewater treatment plants, septic systems and stormwater systems.
The stormwater systems have explicit stormwater projects listed that are currently in the county�s capital improvement program, but those strategies do not include an analysis of how much they will reduce nutrient pollution.
Under septic systems, it proposes a strategy to upgrade 50 septic systems per year, using $200,000 from Maryland Department of the Environment in fiscal 2012, and use $100,000 in county funds to offset 25 percent of the upgrade cost in 2013.
The plan also estimates hooking up 10 septic systems a year to wastewater treatment plants, but no scientific analysis of the strategy�s results was given.
The plan states that the county wiill establish final cost estimates and funding sources by March 30, 2013, and finish developing the plan by June 29, 2013.
The lack of implementation early on received particular attention from Friedetzky.
�We cannot wait until 2013 until we start implementation strategies,� Friedetzky said.
In addition, Friedetzky said she wanted to see more of a connection between the county�s comprehensive plan and the WIP by reducing impervious surfaces that increase the speed of runoff, making them more likely to end up in local waters and the bay.
The Department of Planning and Growth Management, which developed the plan, referred a request for comments to commissioners� President Candice Quinn Kelly (D).
Kelly said she was very disappointed in the low grade.
�One of our goals is to be responsive and make sure we are meeting deadlines and benchmarks by this date, but in all fairness to staff, they are doing as much as they can with the resources we give them,� Kelly said.
�The board of county commissioners is going to do everything they can to support them. We�re going to improve this plan,� Kelly said.
Bonnie Bick, Southern Maryland representative with the Maryland Sierra Club, said the plan should be used to learn from past land use decisions that have run up debt on the county�s �clean water credit card.�
�It is extremely important that while we address the WIP, we discontinue making land use decisions that would take us away from our clean water goals,� she said.
Bick said that the county should protect its forests, which provide cheap stormwater services, wetlands and floodplains while development should be placed around existing infrastructure in the form of transit-oriented development.
�The taxpayer should have assurance that we don�t continue to make the same mistakes because the taxpayer will have to pay for those mistakes,� Bick said, adding that the county likely will have to pay a huge price to clean up existing water quality problems.
The other possible grades in increasing order were �A Plan Is Emerging, Significant Work Ahead,� �A Good Start, Much Work Remains� and �A Strong Start, Let�s Put It to Work.�
Jennifer Bevan-Dangel, state lead for the coalition and deputy director of 1,000 Friends of Maryland, said that the coalition initially reviewed the plans in December with the assistance of an independent consultant, Chris Jakubiak of Jakubiak & Associates in Towson.
Bevan-Dangel said that the three main criteria that the coalition looked at were a scientific assessment of the plan — how rigorous the scientific analysis was, the presence of clear commitments to implementation strategies and the funding of the plan.
Calvert County as well as Anne Arundel, Baltimore, Caroline, Dorchester and Montgomery counties received top marks for their plans.
St. Mary�s County received the second highest grade.
�Calvert listed specific reduction practices, and how they will be able to implement practices and how much it will cost for each individual practice,� Friedetzky said.
Bevan-Dangel said that the coalition was a little more understanding on estimating the funding of the WIP, since the availability of funds depends on the action of the Maryland General Assembly and thinking about funding usually comes at the end of the process.
Jurisdictions in Maryland have until July 2 to revise their plans, and environmentalists are hopeful for improvements.
�We�ve already seen a good response from a lot of counties and asked for advice on how to improve the plan,� which is what the coalition wanted to see, Bevan-Dangel said.
�We hope that the time left between now and July 2 is used to draft a solid and robust plan that the residents of Charles County can have confidence in and will be more impressive than what we�ve seen,� Friedetzky said.
To learn more
To obtain a copy of the Charles County Watershed Implementation Plan and other local jurisdictions� plans, go to www.mde.state.md.us and click on Chesapeake Bay Watershed Implementation Plan. Then click on DRAFT Phase II Watershed Implementation Plan. Scroll down and click on the County Plans link.


text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Dec 6, 2007
|Filing date
|Aug 16, 2007
|Priority date
|Apr 8, 2002
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Denise Demarais, Nicolas Zadno, Benjamin Clark, Erik Thai, Howard Levin, Mark Gelfand
|Original Assignee
|Ardina, Inc.
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Referenced by (14), Classifications (31), Legal Events (4)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
The present application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/816,999 filed on Jun. 28, 2006. The present application is also a Continuation-In-Part application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/408,665, filed on Apr. 8, 2003, which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application Nos. (a) 60/370,190, filed on Apr. 8, 2002, (b) 60/415,575, filed on Oct. 3, 2002, and (c) 60/442,970, filed on Jan. 29, 2003. Furthermore, this application is a Continuation-In-Part application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/189,563, filed on Jul. 25, 2005, which is a Continuation-In-Part application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/129,765, filed on May 13, 2005, which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application Nos. (a) 60/616,254, filed on Oct. 5, 2004, and (b) 60/624,793, filed on Nov. 2, 2004.
All of these applications are incorporated herein by reference in their entireties.
All publications and patent applications mentioned in this specification are herein incorporated by reference to the same extent as if each individual publication or patent application was specifically and individually indicated to be incorporated by reference.
The present invention relates to methods and apparatus for neuromodulation. More particularly, the present invention relates to methods and apparatus for achieving renal neuromodulation via thermal heating and/or cooling mechanisms.
Congestive Heart Failure ("CHF") is a condition that occurs when the heart becomes damaged and reduces blood flow to the organs of the body. If blood flow decreases sufficiently, kidney function becomes altered, which results in fluid retention, abnormal hormone secretions and increased constriction of blood vessels. These results increase the workload of the heart and further decrease the capacity of the heart to pump blood through the kidneys and circulatory system.
It is believed that progressively decreasing perfusion of the kidneys is a principal non-cardiac cause perpetuating the downward spiral of CHF. Moreover, the fluid overload and associated clinical symptoms resulting from these physiologic changes result in additional hospital admissions, poor quality of life and additional costs to the health care system.
In addition to their role in the progression of CHF, the kidneys play a significant role in the progression of Chronic Renal Failure ("CRF"), End-Stage Renal Disease ("ESRD"), hypertension (pathologically high blood pressure) and other cardio-renal diseases. The functions of the kidneys can be summarized under three broad categories: filtering blood and excreting waste products generated by the body's metabolism; regulating salt, water, electrolyte and acid-base balance; and secreting hormones to maintain vital organ blood flow. Without properly functioning kidneys, a patient will suffer water retention, reduced urine flow and an accumulation of waste toxins in the blood and body. These conditions result from reduced renal function or renal failure (kidney failure) and are believed to increase the workload of the heart. In a CHF patient, renal failure will cause the heart to further deteriorate as fluids are retained and blood toxins accumulate due to the poorly functioning kidneys.
It has been established in animal models that the heart failure condition results in abnormally high sympathetic activation of the kidneys. An increase in renal sympathetic nerve activity leads to decreased removal of water and sodium from the body, as well as increased renin secretion. Increased renin secretion leads to vasoconstriction of blood vessels supplying the kidneys, which causes decreased renal blood flow. Reduction of sympathetic renal nerve activity, e.g., via denervation, may reverse these processes.
Applicants have previously described methods and apparatus for treating renal disorders by applying a pulsed electric field to neural fibers that contribute to renal function. See, for example, Applicants' co-pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. (a) 11/129,765, filed on May 13, 2005, (b) Ser. No. 11/189,563, filed on Jul. 25, 2005, and (c) Ser. No. 11/363,867, filed Feb. 27, 2006, all of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entireties. A pulsed electric field ("PEF") may initiate renal neuromodulation, e.g., denervation, for example, via irreversible electroporation or via electrofusion. The PEF may be delivered from apparatus positioned intravascularly, extravascularly, intra-to-extravascularly or a combination thereof. Additional methods and apparatus for achieving renal neuromodulation, e.g., via localized drug delivery (such as by a drug pump or infusion catheter) or via use of a stimulation electric field, etc, are described, for example, in co-owned and co-pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/408,665, filed Apr. 8, 2003, and U.S. Pat. No. 6,978,174, both of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entireties.
A potential challenge of using PEF systems for treating renal disorders is to selectively electroporate target cells without affecting other cells. For example, it may be desirable to irreversibly electroporate renal nerve cells that travel along or in proximity to renal vasculature, but it may not be desirable to damage the smooth muscle cells of which the vasculature is composed. As a result, an overly aggressive course of PEF therapy may persistently injure the renal vasculature, but an overly conservative course of PEF therapy may not achieve the desired renal neuromodulation.
Applicants have previously described methods and apparatus for monitoring changes in tissue impedance or conductivity in order to determine the effects of pulsed electric field therapy, e.g., to determine an extent of electroporation and/or its degree of irreversibility. See, for example, Applicant's co-pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/233,814, filed Sep. 23, 2005, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. However, in some patients it may be difficult or impractical to achieve such real-time monitoring when utilizing pulsed electric field neuromodulatory mechanisms. In some patients, this may necessitate re-intervention should it be established after the procedure that a degree of induced neuromodulation was not sufficient to achieve a desired treatment outcome. Thus, it would be desirable to achieve renal neuromodulation via more easily monitored and/or controlled neuromodulatory mechanisms.
Several embodiments of the present invention will be apparent upon consideration of the following detailed description, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which like reference characters refer to like parts throughout, and in which:
A. Overview
The present invention provides methods and apparatus for renal neuromodulation via thermal heating and/or thermal cooling mechanisms, e.g., to achieve a reduction in renal sympathetic nerve activity. Thermally-induced (via heating and/or cooling) neuromodulation may be achieved via apparatus positioned proximate target neural fibers, for example, positioned within renal vasculature (i.e., positioned intravascularly), positioned extravascularly, positioned intra-to-extravascularly or a combination thereof. Thermal neuromodulation by either heating or cooling may be due to direct effect to, or alteration of, the neural structures that is induced by the thermal stress. Additionally or alternatively, the thermal neuromodulation may at least in part be due to alteration of vascular structures, e.g., arteries, arterioles, capillaries or veins, which perfuse the target neural fibers or surrounding tissue. Furtherstill, the modulation may at least in part be due to electroporation of the target neural fibers or of surrounding tissue.
As used herein, thermal heating mechanisms for neuromodulation include both thermal ablation and non-ablative thermal injury or damage (e.g., via sustained heating or resistive heating). Thermal heating mechanisms may include raising the temperature of target neural fibers above a desired threshold, for example, above a body temperature of about 37� C. e.g., to achieve non-ablative thermal injury, or above a temperature of about 45� C. (e.g., above about 60� C.) to achieve ablative thermal injury.
As used herein, thermal cooling mechanisms for neuromodulation include non-freezing thermal slowing of nerve conduction and/or non-freezing thermal nerve injury, as well as freezing thermal nerve injury. Thermal cooling mechanisms may include reducing the temperature of target neural fibers below a desired threshold, for example, below the body temperature of about 37� C. (e.g., below about 20� C.) to achieve non-freezing thermal injury. Thermal cooling mechanisms also may include reducing the temperature of the target neural fibers below about 0� C., e.g., to achieve freezing thermal injury.
In addition to monitoring or controlling the temperature during thermal neuromodulation, a length of exposure to thermal stimuli may be specified to affect an extent or degree of efficacy of the thermal neuromodulation. The length of exposure to thermal stimuli is longer than instantaneous exposure, such as longer than about 30 seconds, or even longer than 2 minutes. Furthermore, the length of exposure can be less than 10 minutes, though this should in no way be construed as the upper limit of the exposure period. Exposure times measured in hours, days or longer, may be utilized to achieve desired thermal neuromodulation.
When conducting neuromodulation via thermal mechanisms, the temperature threshold discussed previously may be determined as a function of the duration of exposure to thermal stimuli. Additionally or alternatively, the length of exposure may be determined as a function of the desired temperature threshold. These and other parameters may be specified or calculated to achieve and control desired thermal neuromodulation.
In some embodiments, thermally-induced renal neuromodulation may be achieved via direct application of thermal cooling or heating energy to the target neural fibers. For example, a chilled or heated fluid can be applied at least proximate to the target neural fiber, or heated or cooled elements (e.g., a thermoelectric element or a resistive heating element) can be placed in the vicinity of the neural fibers. In other embodiments, thermally-induced renal neuromodulation may be achieved via indirect generation and/or application of the thermal energy to the target neural fibers, such as through application of a 'thermal' electric field, of high-intensity focused ultrasound, of laser irradiation, etc., to the target neural fibers. For example, thermally-induced renal neuromodulation may be achieved via delivery of a pulsed or continuous thermal electric field to the target neural fibers, the electric field being of sufficient magnitude and/or duration to thermally induce the neuromodulation in the target fibers (e.g., to heat or thermally ablate or necrose the fibers). Additional and alternative methods and apparatus may be utilized to achieve thermally-induced renal neuromodulation, as described hereinafter.
When utilizing thermal heating mechanisms for thermal neuromodulation, protective cooling elements, such as convective cooling elements, optionally may be utilized to protect smooth muscle cells or other non-target tissue from thermal damage during the thermally-induced renal neuromodulation. Likewise, when utilizing thermal cooling mechanisms, protective heating elements, such as convective heating elements, may be utilized to protect the non-target tissue. When thermal neuromodulation is achieved via thermal energy delivered intravascularly, the non-target tissue may be protected by utilizing blood flow as a conductive and/or convective heat sink that carries away excess thermal energy (hot or cold). For example, when blood flow is not blocked, the circulating blood may provide a relatively constant temperature medium for removing the excess thermal energy from the non-target tissue during the procedure. The non-target tissue additionally or alternatively may be protected by focusing the thermal heating or cooling energy on the target neural fibers such that an intensity of the thermal energy is insufficient to induce the thermal damage in the non-target tissue distant from the target neural fibers.
In some embodiments, methods and apparatus for real-time monitoring of an extent or degree of neuromodulation or denervation (e.g., an extent or degree of thermal damage) in the target neural fibers and/or of thermal damage in the non-target tissue may be provided. Likewise, real-time monitoring of the thermal energy delivery element may be provided. Such methods and apparatus may, for example, comprise a thermocouple or other temperature sensor for measuring the temperature of the monitored tissue or of the thermal energy delivery element. Power or total energy delivered additionally or alternatively may be monitored.
To better understand the structures of devices of the present invention and the methods of using such devices for thermally-induce renal neuromodulation, it is instructive to examine the renal anatomy in humans.
B. Renal Anatomy Summary
With reference to
C. Embodiments of Apparatus and Methods for Neuromodulation
The field generator 50 is located external to the patient. The generator, as well as any of the electrode embodiments described herein, may be utilized with any embodiment of the present invention for delivery of a thermal electric field with desired field parameters, e.g., parameters sufficient to thermally or otherwise induce renal neuromodulation in target neural fibers via heating and/or electroporation. It should be understood that electrodes of embodiments described hereinafter may be electrically connected to the generator even though the generator is not explicitly shown or described with each embodiment. Furthermore, the field generator optionally may be positioned internal to the patient. Furtherstill, the field generator may additionally comprise or may be substituted with an alternative thermal energy generator, such as a thermoelectric generator for heating or cooling (e.g., a Peltier device), or a thermal fluid injection system for heating or cooling, etc.
The electrode(s) 212 can be individual electrodes that are electrically independent of each other, a segmented electrode with commonly connected contacts, or a continuous electrode. A segmented electrode may, for example, be formed by providing a slotted tube fitted onto the electrode, or by electrically connecting a series of individual electrodes. Individual electrodes or groups of electrodes 212 may be configured to provide a bipolar signal. The electrodes 212 may be dynamically assignable to facilitate monopolar and/or bipolar energy delivery between any of the electrodes and/or between any of the electrodes and an external ground pad. Such a ground pad may, for example, be attached externally to the patient's skin, e.g., to the patient's leg or flank. In
Referring now to
The positioning element 304 optionally may center or otherwise position the electrodes 306 a and 306 b within a vessel. Additionally, as in
Furthermore, the positioning element 304 optionally may be utilized as a cooling element and/or a heating element. For example, the positioning element 304 may be inflated with a chilled fluid that serves as a heat sink for removing heat from tissue that contacts the element. Conversely, the positioning element 304 optionally may be a heating element by inflating it with a warmed fluid that heats tissue in contact with the element. The thermal fluid optionally may be circulated and/or exchanged within the positioning element 304 to facilitate more efficient conductive and/or convective heat transfer. Thermal fluids also may be used to achieve thermal neuromodulation via thermal cooling or heating mechanisms, as described in greater detail herein below. The positioning element 304 (or any other portion of apparatus 300) additionally or alternatively may comprise one or more sensors for monitoring the process. In one embodiment, the positioning element 304 has a wall-contacting thermocouple 310 (
The electrodes 306 can be individual electrodes (i.e., independent contacts), a segmented electrode with commonly connected contacts, or a single continuous electrode. Furthermore, the electrodes 306 may be configured to provide a bipolar signal, or the electrodes 306 may be used together or individually in conjunction with a separate patient ground pad for monopolar use. As an alternative or in addition to placement of the electrodes 306 along the central shaft of the catheter 302, as in
In use, the catheter 302 may be delivered to the renal artery RA as shown, or it may be delivered to a renal vein or to any other vessel in proximity to neural tissue contributing to renal function, in a low profile delivery configuration through a guide catheter or other device. Alternatively, catheters may be positioned in multiple vessels for thermal renal neuromodulation, e.g., within both the renal artery and the renal vein. Multi-vessel techniques for pulsed electric field renal neuromodulation have been described previously, for example, in Applicant's co-pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/451,728, filed Jul. 12, 2006, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
Once positioned within the renal vasculature as desired, the optional positioning element 304 may be expanded into contact with an interior wall of the vessel. A thermal electric field then may be generated by the field generator 50, transferred through the catheter 302 to the electrodes 306, and delivered via the electrodes 306 across the wall of the artery. The electric field thermally modulates the activity along neural fibers that contribute to renal function via heating. In several embodiments, the thermal modulation at least partially denervates the kidney innervated by the neural fibers via heating. This may be achieved, for example, via thermal ablation or via non-ablative damage of the target neural fibers. The electric field also may induce electroporation in the neural fibers.
In the embodiment of
Use of the patient's blood as a heat sink is expected to facilitate delivery of longer or higher energy thermal treatments with reduced risk of damage to the non-target tissue, which may enhance the efficacy of the treatment at the target neural fibers. Although the embodiment of
In addition or as an alternative to utilizing the patient's blood as a heat sink, a thermal fluid (hot or cold) may be injected into the vessel to remove excess thermal energy and protect the non-target tissues. The thermal fluid may, for example, be injected through the device catheter or through a guide catheter at a location upstream from an energy delivery element or at other locations relative to the tissue for which protection is sought. Furthermore, this method of using an injected thermal fluid to remove excess thermal energy from non-target tissues to protect the non-target tissues from thermal injury during therapeutic treatment of target tissues may be utilized in body lumens other than blood vessels.
One or more sensors, such as the thermocouple 310 of
As discussed, when utilizing intravascular apparatus to achieve thermal neuromodulation, in addition or as an alternative to central positioning of the electrode(s) within a blood vessel, the electrode(s) optionally may be configured to contact an internal wall of the blood vessel. Wall-contacting electrode(s) may facilitate more efficient transfer of a thermal electric field across the vessel wall to target neural fibers, as compared to centrally-positioned electrode(s). In some embodiments, the wall-contacting electrode(s) may be delivered to the vessel treatment site in a reduced profile configuration, then expanded in vivo to a deployed configuration wherein the electrode(s) contact the vessel wall. In some embodiments, expansion of the electrode(s) is at least partially reversible to facilitate retrieval of the electrode(s) from the patient's vessel.
As seen in
After delivery of the electric field, the electrode 306 a′ may be returned to a reduced profile to facilitate removal of the apparatus 300 from the patient. For example, the positioning element 304 may be collapsed (e.g., deflated), and the electrode 306 a′ may be contracted by withdrawing the catheter 302 within the guide catheter 303. Alternatively, the electrode may be fabricated from a shape-memory material biased to the collapsed configuration, such that the electrode self-collapses upon collapse of the positioning element.
Although in
A bipolar electric field may be delivered between the proximal and distal wall-contacting electrodes, or a monopolar electric field may be delivered between the proximal and/or distal electrode(s) and an external ground. Having both the proximal and distal electrodes in contact with the wall of the vessel may facilitate more efficient energy transfer across the wall during delivery of a thermal electric field, as compared to having one or both of the proximal and distal electrodes centered within the vessel.
In addition to extravascular and intravascular systems for thermally-induced renal neuromodulation, intra-to-extravascular systems may be provided. The intra-to-extravascular systems may, for example, have electrode(s) that are delivered to an intravascular position, and then at least partially passed through/across the vessel wall to an extravascular position prior to delivery of a thermal electric field. Intra-to-extravascular positioning of the electrode(s) may place the electrode(s) in closer proximity to target neural fibers for delivery of a thermal electric field, as compared to fully intravascular positioning of the electrode(s). Applicants have previously described intra-to-extravascular pulsed electric field systems, for example, in co-pending U.S. patent application No. Ser. 11/324,188, filed Dec. 29, 2005, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
With reference to
Catheter 322 comprises an optional expandable positioning element 330, which may comprise an inflatable balloon or an expandable basket or cage. In use, the positioning element 330 may be expanded prior to deployment of the needle electrodes 328 and 329 in order to position or center the catheter 322 within the patient's vessel (e.g., within renal artery RA). Centering the catheter 322 is expected to facilitate delivery of all needle electrodes to desired depths within/external to the patient's vessel (e.g., to deliver all of the needle electrodes approximately to the same depth). In
As illustrated in
The proximal electrodes 328 can be connected to electric field generator 50 as active electrodes, and the distal electrodes 329 can serve as return electrodes. In this manner, the proximal and distal electrodes form bipolar electrode pairs that align the thermal electric field with a longitudinal axis or direction of the patient's vasculature. As will be apparent, the distal electrodes 329 alternatively may comprise the active electrodes and the proximal electrodes 328 may comprise the return electrodes. Furthermore, the proximal and/or the distal electrodes may comprise both active and return electrodes. Furtherstill, the proximal and/or the distal electrodes may be utilized in combination with an external ground for delivery of a monopolar thermal electric field. Any combination of active and distal electrodes may be utilized, as desired.
When the electrodes 328 and 329 are connected to generator 50 and positioned extravascularly, and with the positioning element 330 optionally expanded, delivery of the thermal electric field may proceed to achieve desired renal neuromodulation via heating. The electric field also may induce electroporation. After achievement of the thermally-induced renal neuromodulation, the electrodes may be retracted within the proximal and distal lumens, and the positioning element 330 may be collapsed for retrieval. ITEV system 320 then may be removed from the patient to complete the procedure. Additionally or alternatively, the system may be repositioned to provide therapy at another treatment site, such as to provide bilateral renal neuromodulation.
As discussed previously, cooling elements, such as convective cooling elements, may be utilized to protect non-target tissues like smooth muscle cells from thermal damage during thermally-induced renal neuromodulation via heat generation. Non-target tissues additionally or alternatively may be protected by focusing the thermal energy on the target neural fibers such that an intensity of the thermal energy is insufficient to induce thermal damage in non-target tissues distant from the target neural fibers.
The embodiments of
With reference now to
In addition or as alternative to injection of a thermal fluid to the target neural fibers through infusion needles 328′ and 329′, an alternative neuromodulatory agent, such as a drug or medicament, may be injected to modulate, necrose or otherwise block or reduce transmission along the target neural fibers. Examples of alternative neuromodulatory agents include, but are not limited to, phenol and neurotoxins, such as botulinum toxin. Additional neuromodulatory agents, per se known, will be apparent to those of skill in the art.
An electric current is passed from the power supply to the thermoelectric element, which comprises two different metals (e.g., a p-type and an n-type semiconductor) that are connected to each other at two junctions. The current induces a thermal gradient between the two junctions, such that one junction cools while the other is heated. Reversal of the polarity of the voltage applied across the two junctions reverses the direction of the thermal gradient.
Either the hot side or the cold side of the thermoelectric element faces radially inward in order to heat or cool, respectively, the target neural fibers that travel along the renal artery to achieve thermal renal neuromodulation. Optionally, the radially outward surface of the thermoelectric element may be insulated to reduce a risk of thermal damage to the non-target tissues. The cuff 342 may comprise one or more temperature sensors, such as thermocouples, for monitoring the temperature of the target neural fibers and/or of the non-target tissues.
The pump 352 further comprises one or more thermoelectric or other thermal elements in heat exchange contact with the fluid reservoir for cooling or heating the fluid that is transferred to the cuff to thermally modulate the target neural fibers. The apparatus 350 optionally may have controls for automatic or manual control of fluid heating or cooling, as well as fluid circulation within the cuff. Furthermore, the apparatus may comprise temperature and/or renal sympathetic neural activity monitoring or feedback control. Although the apparatus illustratively is shown unilaterally treating neural fibers innervating a single kidney, it should be understood that bilateral treatment of neural fibers innervating both kidneys alternatively may be provided.
Thermal renal neuromodulation alternatively may be achieved via high-intensity focused ultrasound, either pulsed or continuous. High intensity focused ultrasound also may induce reversible or irreversible electroporation in the target neural fibers. Furthermore, the ultrasound may be delivered over a full 360� (e.g. when delivered intravascularly) or over a radial segment of less than 360� (e.g., when delivered intravascularly, extravascularly, intra-to-extravascularly, or a combination thereof. In
The focal distance may be specified or dynamically variable such that, when positioned within a blood vessel, the ultrasonic wave is focused at a desired depth on target neural fibers outside of the vessel. For example, a family of catheter sizes may be provided to allow for a range of specified focal distances. A dynamically variable focal distance may be achieved, for example, via calibrated expansion of the balloon.
Focusing the ultrasound wave may produce a reverse thermal gradient that protects the non-target tissues and selectively affect the target neural fibers to achieve thermal renal neuromodulation via heating. As a result, the temperature at the vessel wall may be less than the temperature at the target tissue.
The apparatus described above with respect to
As seen in
It is expected that thermally-induced renal neuromodulation, whether delivered extravascularly, intravascularly, intra-to-extravascularly or a combination thereof, may alleviate clinical symptoms of CHF, hypertension, renal disease, myocardial infarction, atrial fibrillation, contrast nephropathy and/or other cardio-renal diseases for a period of months, potentially up to six months or more. This time period may be sufficient to allow the body to heal; for example, this period may reduce the risk of CHF onset after an acute myocardial infarction, thereby alleviating a need for subsequent re-treatment. Alternatively, as symptoms reoccur, or at regularly scheduled intervals, the patient may receive repeat therapy.
Although preferred illustrative variations of the present invention are described above, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made thereto without departing from the invention. It is intended in the appended claims to cover all such changes and modifications that fall within the true spirit and scope of the invention.
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Mar 6, 2006
|Apr 3, 2012
|Ardian, Inc.
|Methods and apparatus for bilateral renal neuromodulation
|Mar 16, 2011
|Nov 19, 2013
|CardioSonic Ltd.
|Ultrasound transducer
|Mar 16, 2011
|Apr 15, 2014
|CardioSonic Ltd.
|Ultrasound transducer and uses thereof
|Aug 6, 2009
|Jul 1, 2014
|Enteromedics Inc.
|Systems for regulation of blood pressure and heart rate
|Oct 18, 2011
|May 12, 2015
|CardioSonic Ltd.
|Ultrasound emission element
|Jun 30, 2014
|Aug 4, 2015
|Enteromedics Inc.
|Systems for regulation of blood pressure and heart rate
|Apr 19, 2012
|CardioSonic Ltd.
|Ultrasound transducer
|May 10, 2012
|Medtronic Ardian Luxembourg S.A.R.L.
|Microwave catheter apparatuses, systems, and methods for renal neuromodulation
|Oct 18, 2011
|Aug 15, 2013
|CardioSonic Ltd.
|Ultrasound emission element
|Mar 4, 2012
|Feb 27, 2014
|Rainbow Medical Ltd.
|Tissue treatment and monitoring by application of energy
|Mar 12, 2014
|Nov 13, 2014
|Kona Medical, Inc.
|Non-invasive or minimally invasive paraspinal and pre-aortic sympathetic ablation for the treatment of hypertension
|Jun 21, 2010
|Dec 23, 2010
|Entelos, Inc.
|Method and apparatus for computer modeling hypertension
|Apr 18, 2013
|Oct 24, 2013
|CardioSonic Ltd.
|Tissue treatment
|Apr 25, 2013
|Oct 31, 2013
|Medtronic Ardian Luxembourg Sarl
|Therapy systems including hyperthermic energy delivery elements and cryogenic applicators and associated methods
|U.S. Classification
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Jul 12, 2010
Owner name: ARDIAN, INC., CALIFORNIA
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hi there mouser,
yup, the error comes up every time i click the "about box". so now, if i want to know the version number, i've go to the help file...
and the sizing is that, uh, i'll try to explain via pics (much easier)...
pic1: original size
pic2: i key-in query, window auto-resize (empty results)
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so, basically what i want is for F&RR to stay at size of pic1 whenever i call it with the "Pause/Break" key regardless of the search result...
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Opportunities With Other Organizations
There are several organizations in and around Marion County that are doing environmentally related projects. Many of these organizations have volunteer and educational opportunities available.
DIY StudioDIY Studio is a non-profit organization dedicated to creative reuse programs including, trashion, Upcycle Oregon, and Cultural Craft Nights. Friends of Straub Environmental Learning Center The Friends of Straub Environmental Learning Center is a non-profit organization of interested citizens dedicated to providing quality educational programming on environmental topics to all members of the community.
Pudding River Watershed CouncilThe Pudding River Watershed Council will provide opportunities for those who live, work, play, and derive benefits from the Pudding River Watershed to cooperate in promoting the health of the watershed and the social and economic benefits to the communities, and to protect and enhance the environmental, historical, and cultural aspects of the watershed.


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Teatro Comunale di Bologna: I Puritani
Following five years of extraordinary success with La Sonnambula, Norma and Beatrice di Tenda, I Puritani, the last opera written by a young Bellini, who died at age 34, is the richest example of transition from the lyrical classicism to the passion of romanticism. The first performances, in Paris, 1835, interpreted by the most beautiful voices of the time, became a legend. For this production of I Puritani, the Teatro Comunale di Bologna has reunited two young stars who could well become the dream couple in the opera world: Juan Diego Florez and Nino Machaidze. Conducted by the extremely talented Michele Mariotti, I Puritani has been directed by the internationally renowned Pier'Alli, who, for more than 25 years, has set milestones in the story of opera direction.
Cast: Celso Albelo, Nino Machaidze, Juan Diego Florez, Yolanda Auyanet, Ugo Guagliardo, Juan Diego Flórez, Juan Diego Flórez
Produced by:
Directed by: Michele Mariotti
Written by:
Running time: 2hr 53min
|Theaters for Today
Pick a day


text:
Welcome to the Town of Cohasset
News and Announcements:
- DPW Collection Announcements:
Please Submit any comments to email@example.com
- All Facility Sticker Information
- Safety Announcements From the Cohasset Fire Department:
News and Announcements Continued...
Photo: I. Lyster
Cohasset is a nine square mile coastal town just twenty-five miles from Boston and is home to about 7,000 residents who reside in a setting of historical colonial homes and spectacular ocean vistas. Many of the residents make the daily commute to work by car, commuter boat from the adjoining town of Hingham, or the commuter train line located right in town. Route 3A bisects the town which provides prime locations for a multitude of large and small businesses alike. Currently there are four shopping plazas operating within the town which provide all the basic needs that any resident or visitor would look for.
Cohasset's central village lies around a picturesque and spacious common with a small duck pond, surrounded by historical buildings, houses, and churches. The village also includes specialty shops, quality restaurants, the colonial First Parish Meeting House, and St. Stephens Church with its 51 bell carillon that has offered Sunday concerts since 1924. Cohasset has active Community and Arts Centers, three historical museums, the South Shore Music Circus, and a Swim Club for all ages. There are three swimming beaches, and recreational parks and trails that run through Wompatuck State Park, Whitney Woods Reservation, Wheelwright Park, and Turkey Hill Park.
Along the shore line of Cohasset Harbor are facilities for dining, sailing, boating, and a replica of the famous Minot's light. The Cohasset Public School System is highly rated and many of the residents involve themselves in the many community activities which provide a stable foundation for the future growth of Cohasset.
Photo: I. Lyster
For any suggestions, please write a brief email to the address below and we will do everything we can to give a prompt response and make accommodations for suggestions.


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Europe faces an interesting set of immigration challenges and opportunities: Demographic pressures as many European societies age, a lively and at times tense policy and political debate over questions of identity and immigrant integration, and a unique policy environment that has knit 28 European countries together with regards to the management of outer borders, asylum, and other immigration-related topics. MPI has long conducted research and analysis of European policy on topics ranging from labor mobility and border security to immigrant integration, citizenship, and foreign qualifications recognition, which can be found below.
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There is no way to absolutely guarantee 100 percent that you won't be audited. But as you prepare your tax return, consider these seven proactive protectors to reduce your risk of drawing IRS attention — and to clear things up quickly if you do.
1. Avoid round numbers
A tax return with lots of round numbers — $1,200 in travel expenses or $1,500 in charitable contributions — "suggests that you're just estimating those claims, and the IRS loves to go after people who don't keep good records," says tax attorney Frederick W. Daily, author of five tax-related books, including Stand Up to the IRS. "You don't need to include cents, but use the closest accurate dollar amounts, such as $1,260 or $1,525."
2. Explain on paper what you can't with e-filing
Do-it-yourself tax preparation software makes for easier and more accurate tax return preparation. But you can get into trouble if you file electronically with software that has no capability to include disclosure statements. You should include these "whenever there's something unusual in your return," says Rosenberg, who is an accountant and an "enrolled agent," a person authorized to represent taxpayers before the IRS.
If you use one of these programs, she suggests not using its e-filing feature if there's anything that might leave an IRS officer wondering. "Print out your return and attach an explanation statement and mail it in."
In many cases, a type-written note will suffice to explain such red-flag issues as losses for a small business (that dang lousy economy), a high mortgage interest deduction compared with declared income (you were downsized and are paying your mortgage from savings) or a home office deduction for a regular W2 employee (ideally, that will be a letter or policy statement from your employer).
3. Double-check your math
It's no surprise that sloppy arithmetic on a paper return can flag an audit. But what are the prime math errors? "People list correct numbers but on the wrong line," says Rosenberg. So make sure sums are not only correct but in the correct place.
4. Mind each line
Don't forget the easy stuff — your Social Security number, address and signature. "It's a myth that if you fail to sign your return, you will automatically be audited," she adds. "The IRS will simply send it back for your signature. But if you repeatedly forget to sign and the IRS believes this is a deliberate pattern, you could face fraud penalties, and unwanted attention on your future returns."


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Thank You to Those Who Donate to TJO
All of us at TJO would like to thank the countless animal lovers in our community that continually come through for the animals in our care time and time again! You never let us or the animals down. No matter what our needs are, all we have to do is ask and there you are. You bring comfortable bedding, canned cat and dog food, bleach, laundry soap, toys, rawhide, paper towels and so much more. For every wish list item you donate, it frees up money for us to spend on spay/neuter, vaccinations, microchips and other needs critical to the animalsâ?? well being.
It is amazing to come to the shelter each day and be met with donated bags of bedding, jars of peanut butter, gallons of bleach, bags of rawhide and more. Many of you come before or after hours to support us and we often never learn your name or have an opportunity to thank you in person. I hope you experience the same warm fuzzy feelings that our staff does when we see all the goodies coming in for the animals. Thank you from the bottoms of our hearts for helping to make the animalsâ?? temporary stay at TJO feel like their home away from home as much as possible. We simply could not do it without you.
With deepest appreciation,
The Staff at TJO
$10,000 License plate grant awarded to TJO!!
Massachusetts' "I'm Animal Friendly" license plates really make a difference in the lives of Massachusetts animals!
Through the sale of these license plates, TJO was just awarded a $10,000 grant from Massachusetts Animal Coalition (MAC)!! We are so appreciative, thrilled and also relieved. This grant will help TJO to ensure that every adopted animal is spayed/neutered prior to going home!
Thank you MAC! Thank you to each of you whose vehicles sport the "I'm Animal Friendly" license plate. They really, really matter.
How Microchipping Works
Every week TJO is able to return lost pets to their thankful owners due to the information we are able to get off their microchips. We have had alot of questions reagarding how the process works and how safe the technology is for your pets. The following article was taken from the www.HomeAgain.com
Dog and cat microchipping is a simple procedure. A veterinarian simply injects a microchip for pets, about the size of a grain of rice (12mm), beneath the surface of your pets skin between the shoulder blades. The process is similar to a routine shot, takes only a few seconds, and your pet will not react any more than he would to a vaccination. No anesthetic is required.
A HomeAgain microchip is permanent pet ID. The microchip itself has no internal energy source, so it will last the life of your pet. It is read by passing a microchip scanner over the pets shoulder blades. The scanner emits a low radio frequency that provides the power necessary to transmit the microchips unique cat or dog ID code and positively identify the pet.
HomeAgain is the only dog & cat microchipping product on the market today that has the Bio-Bond patented anti-migration feature to help ensure that the microchip will stay in place so that it may be easily located and scanned. If your pet gets lost and is taken to an animal shelter or veterinarian, they will scan the microchip to read its unique dog or cat ID code. This is the number used by HomeAgain to identify the pet and retrieve your contact information, which is used to contact you and reunite you with your pet.


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This conversation is closed.
How honest should we be in relationships?
According to Dan Ariely's book, a little bit of lying is normal for us as human beings. Pamela Meyer says we are lied to between 10-200 times per day.
Yet honesty in relationships is the basis of intimacy, trust, and closeness. Should we strive for full honesty with our partners, or is it unattainable or undesirable?
wayne uejio
Jul 26 2013: My father when I was getting married gave me this advice - Eat what is put before you and say it is good and shut up. Been married for a very long time.
- +2
greg dahlen
Jul 25 2013: I would think 100% honesty, but be diplomatic in the way you do it.
- +2
Johnny Atman
Aug 22 2013: Hi Kira,
- +1
What a great question you pose, what a brave question. Except I feel a little uneasy about one thing: reading the answers below, and without disrespect, we all assume that we know what honesty is! Incredible!
I challenge all of the contributors to investigate this very topic, what is honesty! Without knowing what honesty is, how can we be honest?Jul 27 2013: I think I don't need to worry too much about how honest I am in relationships,as long as I can be conscious being honest to myself as much as I can be,everything goes in natural.
Jul 28 2013: Same with you! ( And I like your TED nickname (^^ ) ). When I had struggled to overcome certain problems, my mentor said " You should not blame yourself and be impatient. As long as you are concering your current problems and tries to find a solution, it is half done. "
Whether be conscious or not is most essential part, I think.
Jul 28 2013: Hi Dear Sophia BAE,thanks for the liking my nickname:).I am enthusiastic in education my teaching job.Meanwhile I am ware of being a teacher,the best way is to keep being a good learner.It is the only way to be a real lover of EDU:).
Jul 28 2013: What kind of sunject are you interested in? I'm a student and also seek useful information or knowledge for better Education environment. One of my best TED talk is Ken Robinsons' , like "School kills creativity".Jul 28 2013: Hi Dear Sophia BAE:)Are you an university student?which year studying are u in now?I teach middle school students Technology Information subject.I am intersted in all kinds of talks in TED which are about education:).Of course I am intersted in new ideas which are about Tech,inventions...I needed to know more about Technology subject in english.And you?
Jul 28 2013: Wow.. interesting! Technology and invention field take a huge portion of our society and they are really important because the world requires creative genius! I'm freshman (^^). I'm majoring in English literature but intested in various things. These days, abstract concepts attract me such as love, life and time. And there are tons of talks in TED. I usually spend my time watching TED talks and writing comments. (^^ ). Are you also paying attention to robots or humanoids?Jul 26 2013: I believe that "complete honesty" is easily attainable, but not as desirable. We often hear that total honesty is the best foundation to build a relationship upon, but I think people are also oblivious to the fact that there are different intentions behind what people see as honesty.
My policy is that if it affects or relates to your relationship in any way, and furthermore is in what you consider to be the best interests of your partner, be open with them. Otherwise, as Frank said, the principle of "just being honest" becomes used in a manner of contempt and torture. Communication in relationships can be somewhat sensitive, but it's best to moderate what you see as being faithful to someone, as opposed to being careless.
Jul 26 2013: Farida,
I am curious....
Why do you say being completely honest is not as desirable, and what do you mean by different intentions behind what people see as honesty?
You say your policy is that if it affects or relates to your relationship in any way.....be open with them. I wholeheartedly agree with that. I don't understand your other comments though....will you help me with that?
Thanks, and welcome to TED conversations
Jul 26 2013: Hi Colleen,
Basically, I think what people see as complete honesty can sometimes not be as progressive as it sounds. Being completely honest means sharing anything and everything with someone, right? That means all that you say, think, do etc. The thing is, if you don't keep some of those things in check, you could actually end up careless and hurtful — especially when emotions like anger and jealousy are involved in the heat of the moment.
As for different intentions behind what people see as honesty, we're all familiar with the axiom, "the truth hurts." Some people are well aware of this, and often tell their partner inconvenient things (like negative thoughts and opinions) solely to be inconsiderate. It's a cruel thing to think about, but I've witnessed it first-hand.
Hope this is a good explanation, and thank you!
Jul 26 2013: Farida,
I do not perceive that completely honest means sharing anything and everything with everyone. We can be selective about how much information we wish to share with certain people, can we not? Being aware of how much we can trust a certain person does not suggest dishonesty, it simply means that we can sense how much trust we choose to have with certain people.
When we "know" our "self", we choose how we want to act/react with a person....yes?
People tell their partner "inconvenient things"....negative thoughts and opinions soley to be inconsiderate. That doesn't seem honest to me.....does it to you?Jul 26 2013: Ah, well I think this all depends on what we define as honesty to begin with, which can admittedly be subjective.
The truth is, we are all flawed. Technically speaking, if someone were to constantly point out our flaws to us rather blankly, they could be seen as being honest. Although their intentions behind such "honesty" might not in themselves be honest, I do think situations like these fall under what people call total or complete honesty — as opposed to being selective with what we observe and say to people.
So, to me, complete honesty infers both the good and the bad associated with honesty. It doesn't mean the same to everyone (as I believe we're discussing here), but I think this makes for an interesting premise overall.
Jul 26 2013: I agree Farida...first we need to be honest with ourselves, to be able to be honest with another person.
Honestly, I don't perceive a "good" and "bad" honesty, and I agree that it doesn't mean the same to everyone:>)Jul 26 2013: I agree with the fact that complete honesty is attainable! It takes longer, but when truly desired, it is possible. It must be a choice, both partners discuss and agree upon.
Initially it comes with its own down side, as few people have stated that sometimes we lie in order to protect the other person from getting hurt. But, if this person finds out later, it becomes worse, because now he/she would feel let down, that we chose to lie, when we could have said the truth. There may be delicate situations, where we will be tempted to lie, just to avoid a bad scene, but I guess it does no good if ever found; It only gets worse.
So, by mindfully training ourselves to tell the truth, even if it leads to momentary pain, we tend to become more trustworthy and we gain respect in our own eyes, which motivates us to be honest and true to ourselves, just the way we want our partners to be.
It is simple, we only get what we give, so if we chose to hide certain details, you never know, your partner would be doing the same. Initially the situations would be bitter, but we must be prepared and embrace it with faith and hope that we can make it better. With time, it all gets better and our partners will understand our true intentions, even at times we make bad choices. I'm going through this phase of transformation and am being very mindful and constantly taking efforts to be honest. It makes me feel so good about myself and also has made things so much better and peaceful. Good luck to those ready to start living an honest and loving life!
sidra rana
Jul 26 2013: i think if we really want a relationship then we should do accordingly..littlie lies for saving the partner from worries for example about your safety during a journey etc.unnecessary things should be concealed as if your partners close friend trying to flirt with you.this does not mean you are not loyal or honest.it only means you want to save the relatioship.
- +1
Barry Palmer
Jul 26 2013: Always put the interests of your partner first. That is honestly loving.
- +1
Lejan .
Jul 26 2013: I like what you say, Barry, but as I think deeper into it, it turns blurry ...
- 0
Lets imagine a couple having a closed relationship, in which sexual loyalty is essential for both.
Now, for whatever reason, one of the parter made a mistake by having a one night stand with another person and the other partner doesn't know about it.
So what is now 'honestly loving' and 'Always put the interests of your partner first.'?
As a core value has been broken, would it be in the interest of the other partner to know about it, or not?
One could argue, that to be hurt by this knowledge could not be in the interest of the other (it won't trouble what one don't know AND comfy to get away with it ). And also it could not be in the interest to be lied to, as it takes away the freedom of the other partner personal evaluation.
So what to you is 'honestly loving' in this example and why?
Jul 26 2013: This seems to be a very popular question.
First, as you said, a core value has already been broken. That was not honestly loving. So now, once this 'mistake' has been committed, how to proceed in a loving manner.
At the risk of appearing to duck the question, I must say that it depends very much on the individual relationship. I have never actually faced this situation and do not know anyone who has. It seems to me that someone who would make this 'mistake' would not consider this a very tough question, but just stay quiet out of self interest, with the ready rationalization that revealing the deed would only cause more pain.
Personally, I think it is unrealistic for young people to expect someone to have only one sexual partner for the rest of their life. This does not necessarily mean that every relationship should be completely open. Being realistic about relationships is a nearly impossible task today, due to the influence of the entertainment industries.
So the answer to your question depends very much on how much or how little the couple has talked about this possibility. If they have never discussed the possibility of one of them making a mistake of this sort, I suspect the relationship has little hope of lasting very long in any case.
Lejan .
Jul 26 2013: Thank you very much, Barry.
- 0
Although the blurriness didn't vanish, it was interesting to read your answer.
Kira Newman
Jul 26 2013: Frank, you make a good point. If you're "just being honest" with someone to hurt or insult them, it doesn't serve the relationship.
- +1
Hi Deepak, I think it's wonderful when you have a partnership where both people are honest with each other - and they know it. It gets rid of all the worries and suspicions and second-guessing.
If any of you are interested in being more honest with your partner, check out the Honesty Experiment for Couples: http://honestyexperiment.com/Jul 26 2013: Complete honesty always works best. But it has to come from love not say a desire to hurt another or "get one over on them". Some people use honesty as a weapon that way. Also sometimes being quiet, not saying anything is better because people need to undergo experiences in order to learn even if another already knows the answer and tries to relieve the suffering.Aug 23 2013: a very great question but I'm sad to say lying is the way to go
senario 1: how does this dress look on me? you look great, knowing very well that she look like a sosage
senario 2: does these colour match? they are looking great knowwing very well you dont care less
we lie to keep our love ones at easy mostly to gain trust
if don't lie you don't speak truth anyway without the ather neither exist
my answer you doom if don't, you doom if you do lie
The secreate don't complecate your lies
Don't lie uneccessary
you only lie when you what to get of some trouble or get advatage of the situation those are my rulesAug 9 2013: being honest is so easy, but it can be very painful. So the real issue is how we respond .Aug 7 2013: you have to be totally honest about everything,no matter whatAug 5 2013: I have learned that if full honesty is difficult and does not come effortlessly in a relationship, it's a sign that we are not only lying to our partner but also to ourselves about what the relationship truly means to us.Jul 30 2013: Radical honesty is attainable, desirable, and sustainable in any genuine relationship. Without it, there is only a charade. Many utilize charades to get something. Thus, a charade is a manipulationship.Jul 29 2013: Reminds me of the Jim Carey movie "liar liar"...
What if we could only give answers and tell things that are true (to our given knowledge)?
I think we should strive for it, as it is a good maxim. Even if it is unattainable, being open an honest is a value to strive for.Jul 29 2013: I've read about those statements about lying and the only thing I can think of is that they live another world than I do.
To be honest isn't only preferable but is the best for yourself as well.
I know some children find out that lying is a strategy to help them reach their desires but to maintain such strategy through life is childish.Jul 29 2013: We all agree that honesty is important to a relationship. But 100% honesty, in my personal view, is quite unattainable and not necessary. Because complete honesty means sharing and exposing everything right. But then in a relationship, you should always keep some secrets left for yourselves so that the partner still retain the interests in discovering you, and seeing everyday a new aspect that he or she hasn't known before.
There is a saying that "in love, it is always better to know and get hurt than be comforted with a lie."
We can't really blame people for lying because sometimes people do have good intentions for lying. The thing is that the good intention is often easily taken as bad because of general assumption which we do all the times, or due to our different perception. Sometimes one person's happiness under another person's eyes is considered as misfortune.
By the way, lies are not that bad. You have heard of a white lie, beautiful lie but what is the first adjective you can think of to describe truth? I think the most common one is the ugly truth.Jul 28 2013: Totally be honest to someone or something is quite difficult since we, sometimes, get impulse to tell lies. Every moment we face those kinds of situations. I'm not telling that being dishonest is bad. Kind of white lie make people feel good and safey, and it is worth telling white lies if someone could seek consolation with lies. But HONEST is one of the essential factors to keep and flourish our relationships. So it would be better to be honest, depending on each situation.^.^Jul 26 2013: Hi Kira! New to TED conversations? Welcome:>)
To me, honesty is desirable and attainable. How honest do you want a person to be with you?
Do unto others.......?
Once a person is dishonest, trust is compromised, and one has to continue covering up the dishonesty. I have no desire to do that to myself or anyone else, so for me personally, honesty is the best policy.....much easier and contributes to GREAT relationships.Jul 26 2013: You should always be honest with a few white lives
W. Ying
Jul 26 2013: .
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We should be 100% honest within our symbiotic group.
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Mike Nolan sucks. I hope his D gets lit up today.
Mike Nolan sucks. I hope his D gets lit up today.
Mike Nolan is a great DC.
Mike Nolan is turrible.
"Fundamentals, technique, execution -- primary. Scheme -- secondary."
"We will incorporate an aggressive, up-tempo, attacking style in all three phases of the game."
"Our team will play with discipline, poise, and maximum effort."
"I want us to be the best tackling team in the NFL, the best team in pursuit, I want to take the ball away from other teams, I want to rattle the opposing quarterback every opportunity we get."
-- Joe Philbin 01/12
Some of you guys are amazing around here.


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In the Juniors Singles German Team HEAD player Alexander Zverev, who recommends the Graphene Speed, beat fellow Racquet Rebel Stefan Kozlov 6-3, 6-0 in a HEAD-to-HEAD final at the Australian Open. "This means a lot to me. I've been waiting for a Grand Slam victory for a long time," said 16 year old Zverev. "I played the finals in Paris and semis at the US Open where I couldn't get the title. But now I made it to a victory."
HEAD dominated the trophies in Men's and Women's Doubles with Poland's Lukasz Kubot last-minute pairing with Swede Robert Lindstedt to beat American Eric Butorac and Raven Klaasen from South Africa 6-3, 6-3. "I was really focused today, maybe I played the best match of my life in doubles," said Kubot, who danced a traditional Polish jig on court after the victory on a dare from his family.
HEAD's Roberta Vinci, won her fourth Grand Slam double title with fellow Italian Sara Errani as the top-seeded pair beat Russians Ekaterina Makarova and Elena Vesnina 6-4, 3-6, 7-5, producing seven breaks of serve in a tight battle. Vinci and Errani claimed a second straight Melbourne title to go with Roland Garros and the US Open, both in 2012.
HEAD Racquet Rebel Tomas Berdych headed home from the Australian Open ready to play for Davis Cup and proud of his accomplishments at the first Grand Slam of the 2014 season. The Melbourne semi-finalist, who recommends the Graphene Instinct, battled against 2014 Australian Open champion Stanislas Wawrinka 2-6, 7-6, 6-7, 6-7 for three and a half hours. Berdych was pleased with his semi-final effort: "It was a very good match, I played very well. But tiebreaks are always a big lottery and Stan was the lucky one."


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Martin gives us options in the Long contract negotiations. We can draft a decent right tackle in round #3 and save a lot of money in the process.
Martin gives us options in the Long contract negotiations. We can draft a decent right tackle in round #3 and save a lot of money in the process.
Nice seeing the big guy living up to his potential.
Just win Phin baby!
Martin has certainly improved. Can't wait to see what another off season and another training camp under his belt could do in terms of taking another step forward in his improvement. He's becoming more and more acclimated to the NFL game and is smart enough to make more adjustments as the season goes on. I like how he approaches the game.
Remember how many people on this very site wanted to fire the entire FO based on his performance in preseason? Debbies, every last one of them!
Martin is supposed to fit the mold on the kind of OL the Dolphins want based on the kind of plays we wanna run. We may run left but with him pulling in that direction so that 'yards right or yards left' thing could be a deceiving stat. I don't think any OL wins regularly on straight man-on-man blocking that often, which is why athleticism is so important for motion-runs.
Love it. I knew this guy was going to be solid. Said it when we drafted him, huge steal. This guy was first round talent. He will secure a spot on our line for years to come. Funniest part is how quite all the Martin basher got...and real fast.


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Bring your wall alive with a breathtaking view of the hometown of the Huskers! From the lens of noted panoramic sports and skyline photographer Rick Anderson comes this spectacular print, featuring a view of downtown Lincoln, Nebraska from high above Memorial Stadium on gameday, as a sea of red enjoys Husker domination, and the rest of the town comes to a virtual standstill. Whether you're a University of Nebraska fan or alumnus, a Lincoln native, or simply a fan of great photography, this print is for you!
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Finally finished my new welding cart/table. Of course painted True Blue.
Results 1 to 10 of 12
Thread: My new weling cart / table
My new weling cart / tableMy Day Begins....When Your Day Ends
07-10-2006, 07:42 PM #2Member
- Join Date
- Sep 2005
- Posts
- 68
Very nice indeed. I've thought about a combo cart/ table but probably only for tig because I'm too **** to burn up my welder covers! Nice touch with the beer holder! What color blue is, that sail blue rustoleum?
07-11-2006, 07:10 AM #3Originally Posted by jarto017My Day Begins....When Your Day Ends
I am building me a table also and could not decide how thick the top should be. how thick is your top. also did you tape up the top while you painted it.
Thancks, Eric"Why go around the mudhole when you can go through it"
Miller Bobcat 250
Miller Syncrowave 200
Lincoln Pro-Core 100
Welding tables
I just built a new welding table, but it is not in cart form. I used 1.5" 44W for the top, so it could be used for a jig table. I work with heavy equipment, sometimes in excess of 10 tons, and I need to have the abillity to anchor projects securely while working on them. A thicker table top allows you to drill and tap holes for clamping, and resists distortion.
what a table!
That's some table! What does that sucker weigh?
I'm sure it will come in handy and you won't have to worry about anyone walking off with it *LOL*
FarrisGone But Never Forgotten!
07-14-2006, 11:48 AM #7Originally Posted by millerpro
Don't laugh.....I painted the frame then ground off the paint where the frame would be attached to the top. I laid the top on the floor upside down and put the frame on top of that and welded them together. I wired off the welds then sprayed them blue before i flipped over the table on it's wheels.
And i think it weighs a good 250#My Day Begins....When Your Day Ends
i am trying to keep costs as low as posible so i checked the prices at the metal shop. i was thinking about 1/4 in but they recomended that to keep the costs low i should use 16 gauge sheet. they said it would be about as thick as the fenders of a trailer. i thought that would be pretty strong but if you hammer something on it it would make dents. would 1/4 inch be too thin. it was $110 for a 4x8 sheet. the 16 guage was $45 for a 4x8 sheet. i only need about a 4x4 sheet so i asked if they could sell me half of a sheet and they said that they used to but now most everyone wants a full sheet. also thanks for the painting info. i want the table to look good but still conduct electricity so i will do that.
Thanks, Eric"Why go around the mudhole when you can go through it"
Miller Bobcat 250
Miller Syncrowave 200
Lincoln Pro-Core 100
welding tables
That sucker weighs about 2400 lbs, built with 6X6X1/4" H beam frame, 6" Sch 40 legs, 1.25" Gr8 adjuster / leveling bolt foot pads, and a top of 1.5" hot rolled steel. I can put up to 15 tons onto it and not have a worry. And, nobody will walk off with it. In the near future a swing out seat will be added for TIG and gravy jobs, and outlets for power tools, plus a tray for small clamps and jigs. I built it mainly for rebuilding fenders and parts off of D10 CAT dozers and equipment of that nature. The previous table I used had a top made of two 5/8" plates welded together, and heat from rose buds and welding caused it to warp really bad. I also couldn't use a 50 ton hydraullic press on the table without ripping the welds. I dont know how much it cost to build this table, but I know it wont get wrecked by anything that comes it's way. A welder needs a solid flat surface that is level to build things properly, in my opinion anyway.
As for the budget tables, spending the money on a 1/2" plate for a top is worth it's weight in steel. 1/2" plate will hold threads well if you decide to build clamping jigs or tooling for projects, and it will stay flat for many hours of welding fun.
great tableOriginally Posted by JonnyTIG
Thanks for sharing, FarrisGone But Never Forgotten!


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121 Diamond Spring RoadDenville, NJ 07834
Take a journey with Morris Museum Outreach Educator Emily Embler, and visit England, Wales, and Scotland! Explore London, Shakespeare's birthplace, the Roman Baths and more. View a magnificent Welsh castle and join in the fun of the Highland Games in the Scottish Lowlands. Sign up now!
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121 Diamond Spring RoadDenville, NJ 07834973.627.6555


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Nb: infants must be under the age of 2 and
children must be under the age of 12 at the time of
DAVOS: Apartment block "Jenatsch (Utoring)". In the resort, in a quiet, sunny, elevated position. For shared use: children's playground. In the house: lounge, WiFi, lift, washing machine (extra). Bread roll service and beverage service. Motor access to the house. Parking at the house, communal covered parking. Shop 400 m, 5 minute walk to the centre, bus stop 150 m, railway station "Davos-Dorf" 400 m, indoor swimming pool 1 km. Golf course 1 km, tennis 1 km, walking paths from the house 100 m, mountain railway 400 m, cross country ski track 1 km. Please note: suitable for families, suitable for seniors. The photograph shows a typical example. There are more similar properties for rent in this same residence. Congress hall 1 km. Curling 1 km. Free parking in summer, in winter CHF 21.00/week. Garage parking: in summer CHF 35.00/week, in winter CHF 56.00/week. Nicely furnished apartments. For bookings of less than 6 nights, cleaning and linen have to be paid locally. Linen: CHF 20.00/person, cleaning: 1-room apartment CHF 90.00, 2-room apartment CHF 120.00, visitors' tax: in winter CHF 5.90/person/day, in summer CHF 4.60/person/day. 1-room apartment 28 m2: living/dining room with 2 fold-away beds, TV and radio. Kitchenette in the entrance (2 hot plates). Hip bath/WC. Balcony 8 m2. 1 pet/ dog allowed.
Iglu acts as a travel agent for disclosed principals/tour operators, further details
of which will be made available at the time of booking. Your holiday contract will
be bound by the tour operators terms and conditions.
Prices are shown for a basic room or unit, can be subject to change and are indicative
until time of booking. Please call on 020 8544 7114 for prices for other travel
and room options for this property.
The price shown includes 7 nights accommodation,
on an accommodation only basis.
Prices shown are per person per week based on maximum occupancy. Descriptions and
quality ratings are provided by the Tour Operator (or one of the Tour Operators
where similar holidays are offered by more than one supplier). We reserve the right
to make minor adjustments to the description or rating based on staff and customer
feedback. For payments by credit card, a 2.5% credit card charge (4% for AMEX) will
be added to your invoice. If you pay by a UK issued debit card, there is no charge.
All bookings are subject to a £5 per person Passenger Admin Fee charged by Iglu.com.


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Printed from the original photographic source in this huge 20"x24" edition exclusively for SportsPosterWarehouse.com, this is a high-quality officially-licensed print, perfect for a nice frame and a prominent place on the wall of home, office, or arena. A must for any true fan of old-school hockey, the Boston Bruins and the legendary Bobby Orr!
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OK, you've made it to the Promised Land: you're part of a fresh crop of Aggies beginning your experience just this semester, or you are returning for a visit after way too many years away. What should you do? Where should you go? And what should you know? We asked and you responded, so here we offer a list of 14 items (in no particular order) every Aggie should check-off — or at least witness — before leaving, or upon returning to campus. It's not meant to be all inclusive, or course; only a start. And we'd love to hear what more you might add. firstname.lastname@example.com
Yup, other universities may have their own creameries, and yup, there will always be that misguided brother-in-law who wants to debate which is better. But here's the thing: next time you are in charge of a family reunion, or a wedding reception or any social gathering at all, you can shut 'em all up lickety-split. Put out campus ice creams from all competitors and then sit back and watch your guests embrace the cold hard truth: Aggie Ice Cream will disappear first every time, usually before anyone even utters a word. And if you're going big, you might as well go blue. Inside trackers know that Aggie Blue Mint is probably not only one of the most popular flavors, but buys you bonus points in Aggie heaven. Go Big Blue!
Pucker Up, True Aggie, PUCKER UP
Of course it's on our list; it's going to come up in every discussion for the rest of your life. As soon as you mention USU, somebody's going to want to know if you are, indeed, a True Aggie. Our advice: might as well pucker up early on and get kissed on the "A" at midnight to remove all doubt. Just remember, True Aggiehood can only be granted from an already-True Aggie under a full moon. Or, if you are making the commitment and journeying to higher spheres together, make sure it happens on Homecoming in the fall, or on A-Day in the spring. Everything else is just for practice.
Own Your Own Verb On the QUAD
Study. Flirt. Nap. Play Ultimate Frisbee. Whatever. For Aggies of every age, the surprise realization one day comes that the Quad — and by extension, Old Main Hill — just "feels like home." It'll hit you while walking across those improbably broad sidewalks, or just after removing flip flops to rake your toes through the plenitudinous grass, but at some point, it will hit you: you've never belonged anywhere else like you do here. So embrace it now; amplify the nostalgia.
Channel Your Inner Strength Through
Get to the game, find your seat, and then roll up your sleeves and watch the hair on your arms stand up and dance like the Aggie Spirit Squad. There's nothing more electrifying in all of college sports than USU's vertically jumped "I Believe That We Will Win" chant. Period. In fact, once your central nervous system melts in overload that first time, you may be surprised how many more times your reflexes want to involuntarily help you relive it — board meetings, church, wherever. You just can't shake this feeling. And it's totally worth getting an extra game ticket for a friend who has never experienced it, because the video you'll take in that precise moment they actually see the Aggie light is sure to go viral. "I Believe That We Will Win," "I Believe That We Will Win," "I Believe That We Will Win." Dang. We'll never get enough of that. See: www.usu.edu/ibelieve
An Aggie classic and — let's be honest — not for the faint of carbs, but the likelihood of either you or a former roommate living on these thick slices of back-home-comfort for an entire semester is pretty good, isn't it? Whether it's a slice of Original Cinnamon and Raisin buckling under wheelbarrow dumps of melting honey butter, or the Marv n' Joe — that goose-bump-blend simplicity of provolone, Parmesan, oil and vinegar, fresh tomatoes, garlic butter and salt — your tongue is sure to cramp up … just before it shouts, 'Hey! Why don't we do this again tomorrow."
Rock Your Shorts and
Makes no sense at all, defies all logic, and would, in fact, be panned by any self-respecting reality-show fashionista, but nothing says "I'm ready to redefine higher education" quicker than trudging through knee-deep snow in basketball shorts and flip flops. And the irony of that parka to complete the ensemble? Brilliant! We need reminding that at the core of our collective Aggie strength lies our cherished individuality. So thanks, O brave and frosted one. Thanks.
Purify Yourself at the PERFORMANCE HALL
It's a living, fine-tuneable, jewel-box of a venue. Even the heating and air conditioning systems are suspended on rubber dampers and hidden behind concrete bastions to eliminate errant noise before it hits your ears. Then, of course, baffles and panels are fine-tuned to accommodate and expertly enhance specific performances, be they jazz, opera, piano, or the spoken word. For the purest of the pure experiences, nothing beats the Manon Caine Russell Kathryn Caine Wanlass Performance Hall. Ahh.
You'll feel as though you're getting away with something, because you are. But if you get the chance to let a little steam off in a public place, and that place just happens to be the usually quiet and reserved Merrill-Cazier Library — right before your most stress-filled week — well, howl away dear Aggie. Howl away!
Younger Aggies will probably come up with names of their own for the artwork, but with 42 sculptures to see as of 2013, they'll also love the chance to explore the entire Logan campus while perhaps being inspired to create something on their own. Actual names of the installations and information about the artists is available online, and the USU Wellness Center has mapped three different walking routes, too, making it easy to pick your stroll and your genre.
Make Time for a
Stage your own death via eye-candy overdose. Hit it just right and first you will gasp, then drool, then reach that impenetrable state of nirvana. It never lasts long, but there are years you won't find any more mesmerizing fall colors on the planet than the ones we see in Logan Canyon and its surrounding areas. New England, Colorado, we mean it: you don't get luxury tour buses photobombing frame after frame for nothing!
Any break, any game; it's just what Aggies do. But if you're going in, go all in, because if you happen to be the only one in the arena not swaying your arms at the right time, you're going to end up with an elbow in your ear. And bonus points for standing up and getting it started on the road, showing a true blooded Aggie, indeed!
USU is lucky enough to have great neighbors with big arts. Seriously, if you haven't recently treated yourself to the theater, gallery showings, live music or myriad other offerings on Logan's art-scene menu, you're missing half the benefit of being an Aggie. This town somehow allows us all the opportunity to live far beyond our means. Yes, the university is a big part of that, launching singers, visual artists, musicians and actors into the steady flow of local and national talent, but Logan consistently and splendidly stages them all to earn top grades, for which we offer our sincere, art-felt thanks.
USU's LIST OF...
Regional campuses, distance education centers, two-year comprehensive colleges, and locations of classrooms that deliver the Aggie experience through interactive video conferencing.
No? OK, then just skip ahead to the part where you get a box of pushpins and a map of Utah and start to see and appreciate USU accessibility blossoming before your eyes. Go Aggies — everywhere!
During that Five-minute Spring
It's true, we can't wait to move up and down those stairs as soon as the ice breaks, and that means we pretty much reserve this one for special mornings and late evenings come summer. Still, we're betting this year you'll see at least three engagement/high school senior portraits staged there because hey, those arcing lines can't be denied. But it's the view that will lift your studies to new heights, so float on over and soak it in.


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Doesn't he still have his HBO show??? That would have been a far better place to do it. Or tweet it.
Doesn't he still have his HBO show??? That would have been a far better place to do it. Or tweet it.
"Politics is the Art of Looking for Trouble, Finding it Everywhere, Diagnosing it Incorrectly, and Applying the Wrong Remedies"
He's free to have his opinion, but he basically used SNF and the situation as bully pulpits in this case.
Costa's statement was a clear vote against gun ownership. Obama wants assault weapons banned. Only a person with the IQ of a door knob would consider both opinions alike.
"....if there is activity in the ball prior to the rubbing action....
Bill Belichick, Sat Jan 24, 2015
"You may think that you are some kind of god to these people. But we both know what you really are."
"What's that? A criminal?"
"Worse. A politician."
Source: Under The Dome
Costas was a pathetic handicapper when he did play by play for NBC in the early '80s. I lost plenty of respect for him at the time, but he earned it back in this case. I was watching that segment as it happened and was stunned when it was obvious he was actually going to follow through. It deserved a standing ovation.
Very few choices in life are more ignorant than gun ownership. It's simply mathematically clueless, improper weighting of variables, and therefore the natural path of the scared Simplistic Angry Male, but other blocks lack excuse. The gun sits there 24/7/365, with exponentially more potential to be summoned in an emotional dispute (like this case), or stumbled upon by a curious teenager, or even used successfully against the owner, than to be magically and successfully summoned against the naughty intruder.
I'm ashamed at my party for all but shelving the topic, particularly the past dozen years or so. It really started with Gore in 2000. Make no mistake, Democrats want to get rid of guns but they are petrified to say so, knowing they couldn't overcome it politically. I think it's disgraceful. The word liberal and the word taxes used to have devastating impact when abused by Republicans. Now those words are laughably hoisted even though the impact is all but gone. People have been educated about the related topics. The same potential is there for guns. They kill people, for god's sake. How charming. It's not bad people, it's the stupid availability of the deadly weapon. Seriously, how is Costas' statement, or Whitlock's, remotely controversial? You've got to be world class dense to believe those two people would be dead, minus a gun. Am I allowed to set odds? I couldn't make them high enough.
Just like Costas, i don't agree with his argument, but i respect his intelligence and passion for his point, however misguided i believe him to be.
For the person that thinks banning gun ownership would have prevented this tragedy, let me ask you. If he had bashed her head in with a claw hammer, would you be outside of home depot demanding that all hammers be banned? I didnt think so. Understand the difference between the crime and the weapon used to commit the crime and you'll see....all the bans in the world dont mean a damn unless you can change the hearts and minds of wicked men
Fat, drunk and stupid is no way to go through life


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Find University Policy:
Recent additions to the HOP include the following policies which outline the management framework for the topics covered. Each describes the associated roles, responsibilities, authority, and requirements necessary for compliance with the policy.
#3-1050 Honorific and Gift-Relating Namings
Effective May 5, 2015, revisions were adopted in HOP 3-1310, "Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome and Human Immunodeficiency Virus" to update terminology used in the policy and align it with the university's Bloodborne Pathogens Exposure Control Plan.
A new HOP policy was added, effective Janaury 15, 2015, designating the AT&T Executive Education and Conference Center as a residential conference center as authorized by the president and UT System. Adopting this policy into our HOP fulfills the requirement of the Board of Regents' Rule 80112.
Revisions have been made related to the change in authority the department budget councils have. Effective October 21, 2014.


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