text:
America's live music scene is cacophonous with hundreds, maybe thousands, of tribute bands. On any given Saturday night, roadhouses, bars, nightclubs and concert halls echo with fervent recreations of bands ranging from the beloved to the notorious. They often carry names pregnant with insider significance to hardcore fans: The Rolling Stones tribute band Voodoo Tongue combines the Stones' album Voodoo Lounge with the group's glottic logo … The 4 Horsemen are instantly associated with the name of a classic Metallica song … and Another Brick borrows a snippet of lyric from Pink Floyd's The Wall. Here are four of the best: Bands that, in honoring the essence of their heroes, create a work of performance art that is also uniquely their own.
Rain: The Gold Standard
Unless your name is Paul McCartney or Ringo Starr, there's no way to even imagine being a Beatle. But on this particular overcast afternoon, on this open-air stage in the middle of Times Square and before some 40,000 singing, swaying, joyous onlookers, the guys who make up the Beatles tribute band Rain are coming as close as anyone.
"Hey, Jude … " begins McCartney double Joey Curatolo. And as he heads into the familiar piano riff that drives beneath the song's opening verse, a roar can be heard from as far as 46th Street.
Beat for backbeat, note for grace note, Rain has been honing its Beatlecraft for decades, ever since the group first emerged as a southern California bar band. Curatolo, Joe Bithorn (George Harrison), and Ralph Castelli (Ringo Starr) have been playing Beatles tunes together since the mid 1980s; Steve Landes (John Lennon) has been with them since 1998, and their musical director Mark Lewis — let's just call him the Fifth Beatle — is the guy who enlisted them all.
Rain — which takes its name from a lesser-known Beatles tune that appeared on the flip side of Paperback Writer — is pretty much the gold standard when it comes to tribute bands. The band plays to sold-out concert venues around the world, and its 12-week Broadway engagement — the one that had them performing in Times Square as part of New York City's annual Broadway on Broadway concert — runs through January 9.
The extended Broadway gig marks a level of accomplishment rare for most tribute bands, and a precious period of semi-stability for a group that's been on the road almost forever.
"I was born in Manhattan," says Bithorn (who proudly pulled out his AARP membership card). "This is a chance to visit my old stomping grounds." Unwinding at Chez Josephine, a 42nd Street restaurant, after the outdoor concert, Curatolo confesses he wasn't surprised by the crowd's enthusiastic response (when the band abruptly stopped playing) on the long final fadeout of "Hey Jude," the audience continued its sing-along chant, "Nanana Naaaa — Hey Jude!"
"Everyone is a Beatles fan," he says. "In our day and age, you must be. We're just celebrating right along with them. It was beautiful."
In the show, Rain traces the Beatles' career from their 1964 Ed Sullivan appearance to their final recorded track on Abbey Road. None of the band's show is pre-recorded. The early Beatles songs have surprising complexity that makes live performance tricky enough. But later, the Beatles labored for weeks on individual songs — layering vocal tracks, adding instruments and sound effects, and famously playing some elements backwards. They made up their sonic landscape as they went along, and Rain had to listen to the Beatles' records and reverse-engineer the sound from scratch.
"We depended on our ears as the manuscript," says Curatolo. "Nothing was ever written out by the Beatles. To be able to pick out the nuances vocally and musically is an art in itself."


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i have to do this short monologue where I'm supposed to be a molecular biologist (I'm in the 11th grade). so what do molecular biologists do, besides the obvious? and why do you find the job exciting/boring/both? what 'inspired' you to be one? and how do you think you and your colleagues impact the world? also, could you please tell me something not everybody knows about the profession, because from what i've read it's all the same thing at the lab. just need some ideas from the people who's been through it
i'm also looking for careers that interest me and this might be the one

subset: commoncrawl


text:
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Narrow your search
Inrix Traffic for Android is a good trip-planning supplement for accurate travel time estimates, but you'll need a primary navigation app for turn-by-turn navigation.
Inrix's new service, XD Traffic, not only increases the amount of roads covered, but also gives users a higher resolution of traffic data, with increments down to 800 feet.
BMW and partner Inrix to debut a feature to help drivers find on-street parking spots.
The traffic data provider's concept Glassware gets us thinking about how Google Glass can be safely used while driving.
The carrier says its new map of network coverage uses real-time data and will be updated every two weeks.
Traditional navigation tells you how to drive to a destination, but the navigation in the BMW i3 will give options for mixing public transportation into your journey.
Volvo cars will soon feature the ability to search for available parking spaces and lots with Parkopedia app integration.
Allen's chief investment officer floats the idea of Microsoft spinning off consumer businesses, like search advertising and Xbox.
As of Wednesday, Audis with Audi Connect get a new parking feature in an over-the-air update which will help drivers find open parking spots.
CNET Car Tech gets the early scoop on Inrix Traffic 3.0 for iOS and Android brings provider's traffic data to your smartphone along with a few new features.


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Mobility meets comfort in this sleek and solid messenger bag, which can easily accommodate up to a 17-inch laptop. Ideal for traveling far and wide—or just to the office—this carrier is equipped with the proprietary GRID-IT! system—a patent-pending design you can individually configure to hold your objects, digital devices, and personal effects in place through an interwoven network of rubberized elastic bands. Additional features like side pockets, an adjustable shoulder strap, and a water-resistant exterior keep your digital life safely contained and always accessible.
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Tor Bjarne Bjelland
Session studio / touring drummer
With MEINL since:
November 05, 1974
Zodiac Sign:
Place of birth:
Stord, Norway
Currently living in:
Bergen, Norway
Favorite MEINL cymbal:
Drumming since:
The age of 2
Car that you currently drive:
Toyota Yaris Verso. It fits a lot of drums.
Not counting on drums what do you do for fun:
A walk up the mountain
Favorite Food:
Favorite Drink:
Ernst Wiggo Sandbakk , Carl Haakon Waadland
Highlight of your career so far:
Studio session in Bahia Salvador, Brazil. Recording with OLODUM. Plus many more highlights.
Drumming strengths:
Difficult to answer. Good time keeper I hope.
Drumming means to me:
Building the foundation of the song. Keeping it solid. Have fun.
Advice for up and coming drummers:
Learn the basics. Listen to all kinds of drummers and style of music. There is always something new to learn.
How would you describe yourself:
An all time student of music , drumming and life in general.
When I look back on my life one day, I would like to be able to say:
Good thing I spent all those hours practicing.


text:
Great Big North have Ogletree as no 28, I think it is. McShay has him in the first round, iirc. Mocking the draft also in the same region. Don't hold me exactly to all those but there are a number of mocks with him in that range.
I think he's an incredible prospect. I think the linebacker class is excellent this year and we have a big depth problem there (not to mention a big turnover deficiency in our starting LBs). I would like to upgrade and Ogletree is very tempting to me. Khaseem Greene is also a bigtime player. Chase Thomas, Shayne Skov, Mauti, etc etc. I also love Kiko Alonso of Oregon later in the draft. He is a freak with incredible play-reading ability. Over-commits a little at times, but he's a ball magnet.
Uzzi... I'll defer to your evaluation. I think the fact he's in GT's triple option offense throwing cut blocks all day means he is a project one way or another, but other mocks tend to have him in the third round range.
Ever tried. Ever failed. No matter. Try Again. Fail again. Fail better. - S. Beckett
1st(Trade up, give up our 3rd)- Manti T'eo
2nd- Matt Elam
2nd- David Amerson
3rd- Joseph Fauria
Offseason Signings: Greg Jennings, Reggie Bush, Anthony Fasano, Chris Clemons
1. CB: DeMarcus Milliner- Alabama - Time for a playmaking CB.
2. TE: Zach Ertz - Stanford - Ertz is the ideal red zone target for Tannehill.
2. WR: Stedman Bailey- West Virginia - Big time playmaking WR opposite Jennings, the deep threat WR we all dreamed off. Kid put up some gaudy numbers this year.
3. OT: Kyle Long - Oregon - If we can't re-sign Jake Long, move Jonathan Martin over and let Kyle Long man the right side. Gotta love the pedigree.
3. S: Bacarri Rambo - Georgia - Yes, he has baggage, but I'm willing to take a chance on him with our late 3rd, or even better our 4th rd pick.
4. OLB: Trevardo Williams- UConn - Pass rushing OLB who has the potential to be an everydown OLB.
5. DT: Daniel McCullers- Tennessee - Possible future replacement for Starks (if we can't re-sign him). He impressed in the few games I saw.
6. G: Anthony Steen- Alabama - Alabama's o-line is nasty and well coached, could possibly challenge John Jerry.
7. OT: Seantrell Henderson- Miami - If he falls here, an absolute steal of a player who has not played to his full potential yet.
2015 Miami Dolphins Draft
1. WR: Devante Parker -Louisville
2. DT: Jordan Philips-Oklahoma
4. OG: Jamil Douglas-Arizona State
5. DB: Bobby McCain-Memphis
5. RB: Jay Ajayi - Boise State
5. FS: Cedric Thompson - Minnesota
5. WR/CB: Tony Lippett - Michigan State
Key FA signings: DT Ndamukong Suh, TE Cameron Jordan, WR Kenny Stills, and CB Brice McCain
Waaaay early to do this. I could change my mind three times in the next week, but right now....
1 Johnthan Banks CB, Miss St. (his poor November scares me, but he had a nice game vs Tenn's great WRs and has had a great career in general. Playmaker)
2a Cordarelle Patterson WR, Tenn (he won't produce immediately in Sherman's WCO, so I assume we sign a third WR in FA)
2b Alec Ogletree LB, UGA (I'm believing Datruth 55 that he'll slide, but truthfully I doubt it - if not then Chase Thomas or CB Jordan Poyer)
3a Stedman Bailey WR, WVU (My dream draft could not exclude this guy. He MUST be a Dolphin!)
3b Tank Carradine DE, FSU (He will heal and he will be a difference maker)
4 Reid Fragel OT, Ohio St. (he sky is the limit for this kid as a tackle, imo. Only playing a season and already a very good player)
5 Jake Stoneburner TE, Ohio St. (2nd or 3rd best TE in the draft, in the 5th round? Yes please.)
6/7 (assuming a cond pick) Kiko Alonso LB, Ore (Former character concerns seem to be behind him. A machine.)
7 Benny Cunningham RB, Mid Tenn St. (Ted Slimm put me onto this kid. Could be a UDFA as he's rehabbing from a knee injury, but should be healthy for a pro day)
Definitely. Seeing that who we resign, and/or sign in FA will affect our needs in the draft this year more than any in recent memory, it's impossible to project even our early picks at this point. Still fun to do, and it's hard to argue with any of your picks. Would love to get Carradine in the 3rd. He's more polished as a pass rusher than Vernon, and we just got him in the 3rd. Had I not gone Mingo in the 1st, I probably would have gone with Carradine in the 3rd.
And there we have it.... the first shout for Lattimore. I actually agree and 4th is a good spot... clearly a lot depends on his rehab on if he goes higher, but I love the pick in the 4th. Taking a shot at it is not a bad idea.
EDIT: and I say it's not a bad idea as we have 5 picks in the first 3 rounds... if it was a normal year with only 3 then perhaps not, but this year could be the time to roll the dice like this...
Offensive Coordinator
It seems some of you don't even know what picks we have in the draft. As of today:
1st (12th overall)
2nd (42 overall)
2nd (57'ish overall...from Colts for Vontae Davis, final spot determined by Colts post season)
3rd (77th overall)
3rd (82nd overall...from Chicago for Brandon Marshall)
4th (not determined yet because compensatory picks have not been given which start at the end of the 3rd round)
5th (see explanation for 4th)
6th (see explanation for 4th...conditional pick from Colts for Vontae Davis)
7th (see explanation for 4th)
7th (see explanation for 4th...(from Dallas for Ryan Cook)
I also expect us to get at least one conditional pick in the 6th or 7th round for the free agents lost last year but those conditional picks are always iffy.


text:
Interpretive Handbook
81742 :
Prothrombin G20210A Mutation, Blood
Clinical Information Discusses physiology, pathophysiology, and general clinical aspects, as they relate to a laboratory test
Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a syndrome of deep vein thrombosis and its complication, pulmonary embolism. The prothrombin (PT) G20210A mutation (F2 rs1799963) is a common polymorphism within the 3' untranslated region of the prothrombin gene, affecting 1.5% to 3% of Caucasian Americans, especially persons of southern European ancestry. The PT G20210A allele is uncommon among African Americans (carrier frequency of 0.4%). The PT G20210A mutation is associated with a 3-fold increased risk of venous thromboembolism due to increased plasma prothrombin activity among carriers.
The PT G20210A gene mutation test is a direct mutation analysis of patient blood leukocyte genomic DNA. At present, there are no other methods of detecting this VTE risk factor except for direct mutation testing.
Useful For Suggests clinical disorders or settings where the test may be helpful
Direct mutation analysis for the prothrombin (PT) G20210A allele should be reserved for patients with clinically suspected thrombophilia. There may be additional indications for direct PT G20210A mutation testing, such as in determining the duration of anticoagulation therapy of venous thromboembolism patients and screening for women contemplating hormone therapy.
Interpretation Provides information to assist in interpretation of the test results
The interpretive report will include sample information, assay information, background information, and conclusions drawn from the test results (normal, heterozygous prothrombin [PT] G20210A, homozygous PT G20210A).
Cautions Discusses conditions that may cause diagnostic confusion, including improper specimen collection and handling, inappropriate test selection, and interfering substances
This direct mutation analysis will not detect individuals with thrombophilia caused by mechanisms other than the prothrombin (PT) G20210A mutation. Special Coagulation Clinic, Thrombophilia Center, and/or Medical Genetics consultations are available for Mayo Clinic patients and may be especially helpful in complex cases or in situations in which the diagnosis is atypical or uncertain. Genetic counseling is recommended before testing asymptomatic family members.
Reference Values Describes reference intervals and additional information for interpretation of test results. May include intervals based on age and sex when appropriate. Intervals are Mayo-derived, unless otherwise designated. If an interpretive report is provided, the reference value field will state this.
Clinical References Provides recommendations for further in-depth reading of a clinical nature
1. Poort SR, Rosendaal FR, Reitsma PH, Bertina RM: A common genetic variation in the 3'untranslated region of the prothrombin gene is associated with elevated plasma prothrombin levels and an increase in venous thrombosis. Blood 1996;10:3698-3703
2. Makris M, Preston FE, Beauchamp NJ, et al: Co-inheritance of the 20210 A allele of the prothrombin gene increases the risk of thrombosis in subjects with familial thrombophilia. Thromb Haemost 1997;78:1426-1429
3. De Stefano V, Martinelli I, Mannucci PM, et al: The risk of recurrent venous thrombosis among heterozygous carriers of both factor V Leiden and the G20210A prothrombin mutation. N Engl J Med 1999;341:801-806
4. Hall, JG et al: Sensitive detection of DNA polymorphisms by the serial invasive signal amplification reaction. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2000;97:8272-8277
5. Heit JA: Thrombophilia: clinical and laboratory assessment and management. In Consultative Hemostasis and Thrombosis. Edited by CS Kitchens, BM Alving, CM Kessler. Second edition. Philadelphia, PA, Saunders, 2007, pp 213–244


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19 Yard Line
A Panoramic View at Spartan Stadium, East Lansing,
Michigan - The Rob Arra Collection
It's raining, it's cold, and the visitors are leading
- but on a Saturday afternoon in Southern Michigan, there's simply no better
place to be! This spectacular print, from the lens of legendary sports
photographer Rob Arra, features Michigan State gameday at Spartan Stadium,
looking great from North end zone. As you pan across the image, you feel
like you are actually there, enjoying the action as the Spartans host the
Illinois Fightin' Illini on September 30, 2006. It's all here, in perfect
focus and crystal-clear clarity: the cheerleaders and their bullhorns;
the old smokestack towering above the southeast corner; the scoreboards
and video screen; the giant West-end expansion project completed in 2005;
and the players on the field, locked in gridiron battle. Printed on high-quality
gallery stock, and complete with slick white-bordered design that includes
the above caption, this is both a beautiful piece for the wall of home
or office, and a valuable collector's item for years to come. Whether you
are a Michigan State alumni, a Lansing sports fan, or simply an armchair
college football fan, this is the ultimate addition to your wall and your
Product Specifications:


text: Business Analytics overview faculty program sustainability after graduation The business analytics program at Le Moyne strives to distinguish itself by making sustainability and corporate social responsibility a common theme in all our business analytics, statistics and operations management courses. Corporate leaders are placing an increased emphasis on sustainability and social responsibility because their customers and other key stakeholders demand it. More importantly, though, is that the viability of these corporations depends upon it. The oncec singular emphasis on profits has been supplanted by the triple bottom line: profits, people, and the planet – the 3P's of sustainability. IBM's Vice President for Energy and Environment Rich Lechner opines that even though new technologies will be important in creating a sustainable enterprise, the most immediate and long reaching gains will come through business analytics and optimization. Business analytics and optimization are the very essence of our program, and they create an opportunity for us to engage our students in deep and critical thought about issues that matter to them, their future, and the stewardship of the planet. For example, in the introductory business analytics course, student teams manage mock fishing fleets and compete against each other to catch fish so as maximize their profits. Competitive profit-maximizing strategies will inevitably result in an over-fishing, leading to the depletion of the fish population and a loss of business and lifelihood. However, a collaborative fishing strategy where all teams agree to fish up to a certain level will result in greater profits and more importantly, a sustainable fishing industry in which the teams can continue fishing in perpetuity. This simulation exercise enables each participant to directly experience the results of myopic growth in profits without any concern for the environmental consequences until it is too late. Students will still continue to learn the same analytical techniques that we have taught for many years. However, by emphasizing sustainable management practices for a better world through tangible examples, we will meet the desires and needs of our students: they want to contribute to the world. Sustainability and social responsibility are two avenues by which our students can make a difference, and we are confident that our current and future plans align to help them do just that. The following are two reports published by IBM on the topic of corporate social responsibility: Leading a Sustainable Enterprise (pdf) and Attaining Sustainable Growth Through Corporate Social Responsibility (pdf).


text:
2 Sep 2008
|Printable version | Email to a friend
|Glory Days of Railroading This Saturday
Rare REO railbus (REO was a truck manufacturer that eventually added automobile manufacturing using the last name of its founder, Ransom E. Olds: Oldsmobile.
Railroad buffs should head over to White River Junction VT for the 16th Annual Glory Days of Railroad Festival this Saturday, September 6, 2008 from 9:00 a.m. - 5:00 p.m. (Rain or Shine)
Adult admission is just $3 but excursion train ride is extra.
The VT Chamber of Commerce has twice (five years ago and last year) named the event a Top 10 Fall Event.
In addition to the railroad equipment displays and excursion train rides, there will be food, music, antique car show, and crafts.
This event is produced by the New England Transportation Museum located in the White River Junction Amtrak station. It has displays available year around if you can't make it to Glory Days.
When you are in the area, I recommend visiting two of my all time favorite towns: Hanover NH, home of Ivy League Dartmouth College, and Woodstock VT. It's my opinion that Woodstock is one of the prettiest villages in New England. There is a lot to see and do there including the Marsh Billings Rockefeller Park and Billings Farm and Museum, a very good place to take the kids too.
(c) 2008 Jeff Connor Grunberg Haus Inn
|posted by grunhaus at 21:43


text:
The xx are an English indie pop band, formed in London in 2005. The band's members met while studying at Elliott School, the same school that produced Hot Chip, Burial and Four Tet. They became a trio when their second guitarist and keyboardist, Baria Qureshi, departed in late 2009. In September 2010 they won the Barclaycard Mercury Prize. They are currently working on their second album, which is to be released in 2012.
This area is intended for discussion only. If you have a question about your order, or require customer service you can get in touch via our Customer Service Area. Comments enquiring about existing orders, including personal details, or with questions will be deleted.


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Campus Map
Campus Facilities & Buildings
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Natural History
Henry B. and Elizabeth A. "Sunny" Guthrie Classroom
Cottage House Residence
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International Center
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Drury Reading Room
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Witchcliff Apartments


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Bayer to Build Wheat and Oilseeds Breeding Center in Australia
5:47 AM MDT | August 16, 2012 | Sotirios Frantzanas
Bayer CropScience says it plans to invest €12 million ($14.8 million) to establish a breeding center focused on wheat and oilseeds in the Winmera region, near Horsham in the state of Victoria, Australia. The target of the new breeding center is to develop new varieties with higher yields and productivity improvements tailored to Australian conditions. It will also coordinate Bayer's breeding activities for wheat and oilseeds in Australia, the company says. Bayer agreed with Longerenong College and Workco on a long-term rental agreement for the land on...
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HG2 A hedonist's guide to... The UK's best-selling luxury city guide.
Barcelona Map
Everything we love in Barcelona
Explore the city by district:
On a warm sunny June afternoon in 1926, a dishevelled looking 73 year old man was hit by a tram as he bent down to pick up a broken tile on his way back from church. While street cabbies refused to offer him a ride a passerby took him to the city's hospital for the poor. That man turned out to be a certain Antoni Gaudi who died of his injuries two days later. The irony of the story is that Gaudi influenced this stunningly beautiful city more than anyone else and his mad colossal creations continue to attract millions of visitors. You will not be surprised they called him "God's Architect" once you have seen his seminal masterpiece La Sagrada Familia where he was buried and which is scheduled for completion in 2026 – not bad considering work started in 1882!
But the bread and butter of Barcelona is not just about Gaudi but a vibe that has been created around his ghost – Barcelona attracts whacky artists, fashionistas and Musicians from all over the world but under the trendy bohemian veneer lies a sophisticated network of top designers, architects and media savvy artists and a far more hedonistic society than one might imagine. A leader in modern interior design, here you can stay in hotels that surpass all standards of luxury and indulgence. Bars and clubs spring up on every corner so there is never a shortage of good places to drink and meet the locals.
The local language here is Catalan rather than Spanish and on first sight Catalans may seem insular and cut off from the rest of Spain. They are however, open minded and gregarious when you get to know them but you are more likely to rub shoulders with Brits, Argentines or Italians on your bar hopping forays than locals. This city has become a melting pot for fashion conscious foreign visitors who tend to stay for a couple of years and then move on. This transitory side of Barcelona makes it very dynamic and exciting and positively overflowing with beautiful people. Check out the many concerts, cultural events and vanguard art on show not to mention the Miro, Picasso and Dali museums.
Barcelona is a city that wakes late and parties until late and somehow manages to eternally reinvent itself and always remain at the cutting edge of fashion and trends. It has been called Spain's Manchester because of its abundant designers and rebirth of cool but it also has sunshine, an important ingredient for showing off those wonderful clothes and plenty of top-notch food.
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"Great buy and great quality." (E1833)
"a very necessary accessory for the all around fun person it is portable and holds the vitals (water a balll and a camera) with room for a light snack" (E794)
"These are so cute. My youngest daughter loves them ." (E60979)
Epic Sports
Fit 2 Win Men's Pinnacle Virginia College Shorts [E21019]


text:
Conor Recliner
Item#: 217975
custom made, allow 8-10 weeks, ships Premier Home Delivery, custom items may not be returned
Product Actions
We offer many finishes and hundreds of beautiful fabrics to help you express your personal style.
The Details
Conor Recliner
Dimensions: 41" w x 38" h x 38" d
Item#: 217975
- Seating Area : 23"w x 21"d
- Seat Back: 19"h
- Seat Height (floor to top of cushion): 19"
- Arm Height: 26"
Composition and Construction
Engineered Hardwood frame construction allows for greater durability and strength. Mortise and tenon joints have replaced traditional dowel construction used in frame construction. The mortise (hole or slot) is cut into one member and the tenon or tongue from the adjoining piece fits tightly so that, when glued, these joints act as if the wood has grown together. This method of interlocking joinery provides greater stability with fewer joints. Frames are constructed of 7-ply engineered hardwood panels for increased strength and durability. Frames are glued and stapled.
Mechanism Construction
The recliner, which is controlled manually by a lever, moves smoothly between positions -- engineered bushings at the pivot points ensure it. The foot rest extends to offer comfort and support.
Removable legs.
Heavy gauge coil spring unit coils are linked together and attached to a heavy gauge border wire for consistency and longevity. Individualized coil seating units function independently of the other providing individual seating comfort for even support and weight distribution. Each spring is oven tempered to provide greater strength and durability.
The comfort soft seat cushion is designed and constructed to achieve a softer and supportive feel. A dense polyurethane foam core is laminated both top and bottom with a layer of soft foam and wrapped with polyester fiber to provide a comfortable seat and is encased in a non-woven ticking.
Semi-attached pillow styles are made with a core of soft foam wrapped in fiber. The foam and fiber back cushion adds durability. Encased in a non-woven ticking.
Additional Options for this Upholstery product available in our Design Centers
Trim can take a sofa, chair or ottoman up a venerable style notch. From rope braid and fringe to decorative ribbon and nail heads, the options are only as limited as your imagination.
Nail Head
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Multi-Vitamin & Mineral Complex
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Daily Vitamins are a great way to help you reach your recommended daily allowance (RDA) of essential vitamins your body requires to perform and function to its potential. Daily Vitamins contain 7 essential vitamins, including B vitamins, vitamin C, E, A and D3,
• Riboflavin contributes (Vitamin B2) to normal energy-yielding metabolism, normal functioning of the nervous system, maintenance of normal red blood cells, contributes to the reduction of tiredness and fatigue and to the protection of cells from oxidative stress.
• Thiamine contributes to normal energy-yielding metabolism, normal functioning of the nervous system, normal psychological function and normal function of the heart.
Daily Vitamins are ideal for anyone looking to increase vitamin intake.
Consume 1 tablet daily. Best taken with food.
Do not exceed the stated recommended daily dose. This product should not be used as a substitute for a varied, balanced diet. Keep in a cool dry place out of direct sunlight. Suitable for vegetarians. Store out of the reach of young children.
Vitamin C, Bulking Agents (Di Calcium Phosphate, Microcrystalline Cellulose), Vitamin E, Niacin, Vitamin A, Glazing Agent (Hydroxy Propyl Methyl Cellulose, Glycerine, Carnauba Wax), Vitamin D3, Anti Caking Agents (Magnesium Stearate, Silicon Dioxide), Thiamin.
Made in a facility that handles Milk, Soy, Egg, Gluten and products thereof.
Serving Size - 1 Tablet
Servings Per Container - 60 (60 Tablets), 180 (180 Tablets)
|Per Serving
|Vitamin A
|800 µg RE
|Vitamin D
|5 µg
|Vitamin E
|10 mg a-TE
|Vitamin C
|60 mg
|1.1 mg
|1.6 mg
|18 mg NE
* Reference intake of an average adult (8400 kJ/2000 kcal)
(89 reviews)
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Being a very low income student living in a very expensive place, it is a bit tricky to eat a vitamin rich and varied diet day to day. These are an excellent way of getting your RDI of vitamins every day. Means i can spend what money i do have on higher quality proteins. Perfect!
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Great product, very low price, very easy to consume and very good quailty
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Easy to take cheap daily vitamins tablet.
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Thank you MYP. You are helping me hugely with these. These hit the multi vits I need. I only bought these because my mum said I won't get big and strong if I don't eat all my greens. I'll show you mother, I'll show you!! Taste good and easy to swallow as the tablet is small, smaller than the 5ps I used to accidentally swallow, as I used to think I'd become a bottomless money pit if I did this. SRS.Goes Well With:any meal time
Received them as part of a promotional deal and will definitely order them again Nice and small unlike some multi vitamins and have no horrible taste.
I had this Daily Vitamins product through a promotional code and because it is so good I am going to buy it in the future. They are easy to swallow and they are very convenient. This is a great product.Goes Well With:Breakfast
So far so good. In fact they are very good. Also my girlfriend uses them and she has very sensitive stomach. Will buy again.
Got these the other day and they came in the door absolutely battered looking which I thought was kinda funny cause it represented the inside of my body! LOL But I'm really enjoying taking them because its what my body needs and they do the trick! I am feeling the benefits of them already! I think I was low on EVERYTHING. Thanks MYP!!! You've got a loyal customer.Goes Well With:Water and food.
Easily taking, never actually tasted them because they go down so well. No problem mixing it with other morning supplaments. Great Value for money and will of course be ordering when needed! Goes Well With:Morning Supplaments
I started taking the daily every morning for the past 4 days now... So will do a proper review in about a month.. But all I can say is that it is very easy to swallow and it's very tiny best time to take it for me is with my first meal. Goes Well With:Water
help me reach my vitamin needs in one easy to swallow tablet, recommend for all! Goes Well With:anything
Delivery was prompt and the vitamins are great. One a day and container is big enough for months supplies. Taste isn't great but small enough to wash down with food and can't taste them then.
Very happy with the product. I have been looking for suitable vitamins and finally i found them, thanks!Goes Well With:Balanced diet and daily exercise!
Quick and easy way of getting your vitamins ! Easy to swallow, tasteless and cheap ! What more could you ask for !!Goes Well With:Morning breakfast
Does what it says on the tin. Great addition to those extra supplements you need when training. Great price too.
I am very satisfied with these vitamins. They are small and easy to swallow. The taste is great and they don't cause any bloating at all. They contain all of the essential vitamins. Great stuff.Goes Well With:Anything
Gives me the vitamins I need. Easy to swallow
As always with my protein, great value and does exactly what it says on the tin. A great addition to anyone's regieme.
Brilliant to mix taste and smell delivery took 24 hours couldn't knock it thanks
Helps me fight off being tired and fatigued, helps with strength and dieting alongside other sups
You blokes continue to impress me with your excellent service. Items always good quality, delivered fast and well packaged. Vitamins easy to swallow and are tasteless (which is what you need with vitamin pills). Don't need anything else but a good diet, exercise and protein. Regards to all.
Great service good price for multi vitimins
I'm very satisfied with this product. It was delivered 24 Hours after the order was placed, as they stated on the website. I suffer from gout, and have to be careful with some types of food, their composition can be harmful to me, this product is a blessing, since none of its components causes any problems, on the contrary, they are all beneficial to me. Thank you for your support and service, Job well done.Goes Well With:Any food,
This is no wonder potion.You wont suddenly turn into a fitness machine or the next Ronnie Coleman, but it does what it says on the tin boosting your intake of essential vitamins which hard trainers need in abundance. Easy to swallow and no digestive issues experienced.
As vitamins go, they're small and easy to take.
Easy to swallow effective and feel alot happier and more energtic. Definitely worth buy and will be buying again
Got these as a freebee very happy
Nice pills to provide you with essential vitamins that the body needs to function properly.Goes Well With:Bcaas or creatine
Is exactly what it says. Small pills. East to swallow.
Well what's there to say? it's a nice, simple multivitamin that everybody should be having!
I've been using these for 4 weeks now as part of some fitness kick I've been having. Seems to work well, normally I'm all bunged up with cold/allergies but over the last week or so I've noticed I can breath properly which is rare. Not sure if they're really the best vitamins out there but they certainly do the job and the price can't be grumbled at. I tend not to chew them/crush them but one did part dissolve on my tongue and it was hardly pleasent but not as bad as a paracetamol. I've not had any after tastes anything like that either.Goes Well With:Water
My goal is to get that six pack and a good ripped look with I haven't managed. However after only two weeks on this bundle pack with impact whey portion, creatine, thermopure, & daily multi vitamins I'm already starting to see a difference I can't wait to see what I'll look like at the end of the month. Happy days!!
Great vitamins also tried the bcaa and nutrigreens all go towards a good all round healthy balance.Goes Well With:Bcaa thermopure, instant oats nutrigreens anything!
Decent product, no real benefits against other multi vitamins. Came with the lean muscle pack, compliments the other products well to help you achieve your goals. Goes Well With:Whey Protein, Creatine
Daily Vitamins are a great product at a great price.
Great tub of daily vitamins to start off the day. 180 Tablets for this price a must!Goes Well With:Belly
Decent product, prefer the alpha men vitamins
Daily Vitamins are very good if you are lacking in vitamins. As a student fruit can be expensive so these help get all the vitamins I need.
I take one of the Daily Vitamins with food each morning. It does pretty much what you would expect. It gives your body that boost and keeps you on top form. I always notice the difference when I take 1 combined with some Omega oils for the days where I forget.
Good size, easy to swallow- no taste really. Goes Well With:water
They're vitamins. Good container and just swallow so you don't have to taste as they're chalky.Goes Well With:Water
These Daily Vitamins are a good quality product and good value too.
I can't really tell if this Daily Vitamins works yet, I've only been taking them for about a week. But as with all vitamins these are not meant to take affect overnight, the effects will show themselves slowly in their own time.
Daily vitamins are great, they're cheap, and just looking at the vitamins it contains, and comparing it to a GDA amount, shows how well you are preparing yourself. They sometimes do not taste great, I am unsure why not always, I guess it must be to do with what else I have eaten that day, or mint from toothpaste or something.
You won't see visible results with the Daily Vitamins but you can trust that it works and boosts your health, so it's always a good option to include this in your monthly shopping!
I feel much more alert and have much more energy since taking my Daily Vitamins. They're a good price and a good product.Goes Well With:Water!
The Daily Vitamins are easy to swallow, easy to use and they are quite possibly might be having an effect!
Daily Vitamins are really good and were delivered quick.Goes Well With:Water
It is what it is- a multivitamin. Not the best out there but good price and I bought it as part of a bundle so was kind of free.
Since taking these Daily Vitamins I've felt healthier in myself, I slept better and been more alert during the day. I always seem to get minor cold symptoms such as partially blocked nose etc. but have found that after taking these daily for a week I no longer have such symptoms and generally just feel healthier. I have found that my sleep feels more restful and that even after having less hours than usual I still feel fully rested the next day. It just goes to show how much intensive exercise draws on minerals and vitamins from you body and so I feel that it is essential to replace them through diet.


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Id be happy to!!! Unfortunately the figures didnt copy over, but anyone who wants to can see them in the main article, I am beginning to wonder if maybe you didnt expand out the entire article and thought that the Abstract was all that was there, thatd be funny, everything I said was there is, as you can clearly see, below
Domestic animals are crucial to modern human society, and it is likely that the first animal to be domesticated was the dog. Claims of early, fossilised dog remains include a 33,000-year-old doglike canid from the Altai Mountains in Siberia1, whereas fossils dating from 12,00011,000 years bp found buried together with humans in Israel2 could represent the earliest verified dog remains. Patterns of genomic variation indicate that dog domestication started at least 10,000 years bp3, 4 in southern East Asia4 or the Middle East5. Dog domestication may however have been more complex, involving multiple source populations and/or backcrossing with wolves.
It is unclear why and how dogs were domesticated. Humans may have captured wolf pups for use in guarding or hunting, resulting in selection for traits of importance for these new roles. Alternatively, as humans changed from a nomadic to sedentary lifestyle during the dawn of the agricultural revolution, wolves may themselves have been attracted to dumps near early human settlements to scavenge6. Natural selection for traits allowing for efficient use of this new resource may have led to the evolution of a variety of scavenger wolves that constituted the ancestors of modern dogs. Regardless of how dog domestication started, several characteristics separating modern dogs from wolves, including reduced aggressiveness and altered social cognition capabilities7, suggest that behavioural changes were early targets of this process6. Dogs also differ morphologically from wolves, showing reduced skull, teeth and brain sizes6. Artificial selection for tameness in silver foxes indicates that selection on genetic variation in developmental genes may underlie both behavioural and morphological changes, potentially representing an important mechanism throughout animal domestication7, 8.
At present, only a handful of genes separating wild from domestic forms have been identified in any domestic animals, including coat colour variants in MC1R in pig9 and a mutation in TSHR likely to affect seasonal reproduction in chicken10, but to our knowledge in dogs no genome-wide sequence-based searches have been performed until now. To identify genomic regions under selection during dog domestication we performed pooled whole-genome resequencing of dogs and wolves followed by functional characterization of candidate genes.
Uniquely placed sequence reads from pooled DNA representing 12 wolves of worldwide distribution and 60 dogs from 14 diverse breeds (Supplementary Table 1) covered 91.6% and 94.6%, respectively, of the 2,385 megabases (Mb) of autosomal sequence in the CanFam 2.0 genome assembly11. The aligned coverage depth was 29.8× for all dog pools combined and 6.2× for the single wolf pool (Supplementary Table 1 and Supplementary Fig. 1). We identified 3,786,655 putative single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the combined dog and wolf data, 1,770,909 (46.8%) of which were only segregating in the dog pools, whereas 140,818 (3.7%) were private to wolves (Supplementary Table 2). Similarly we detected 506,148 short indels and 26,619 copy-number variations (CNVs) (Supplementary Files 1 and 2). We were able to experimentally validate 113 out of 114 tested SNPs (Supplementary Table 3 and Supplementary Discussion, section 1).
To detect signals of strong recent selection we searched the dog genome for regions with reduced pooled heterozygosity (HP)10 and/or increased genetic distance to wolf (FST). As evident from the skewed distribution of heterozygosity scores in dog relative to wolf (Fig. 1a and Supplementary Fig. 2), a major challenge to this approach is to separate true signals of selection from those caused by random fixation of large genomic regions during the formation of dog breeds11. We alleviate this problem by combining sequence data from all dog pools before selection analyses and require that detected signals span at least 200 kilobases (kb; Methods and Supplementary Discussion, sections 2 and 3). Given the complex and partly unknown demographic history of dogs, it is furthermore difficult to assign strict thresholds that distinguish selection and drift. We propose that the best way to validate regions detected here is to study genetic data from additional individuals and provide evidence for functional change associated with putatively selected regions. Eventually, indications that similar pathways changed during independent domestication events may provide conclusive evidence for selection. Here we Z-transform the autosomal HP (Z(HP)) and FST (Z(FST)) distributions (see Supplementary Discussion, section 4 for an analysis of the X chromosome) and focus our description of putatively selected regions to those that fall at least five standard deviations away from the mean (Z(HP) < −5 and Z(FST) > 5), as these represent the extreme ends of the distributions. By applying these thresholds we identified 14 regions in the dog genome with extremely low levels of heterozygosity (average length = 400 kb, average HP = 0.036 (range 0.0150.056), average autosomal HP = 0.331) (Fig. 1c and Supplementary Table 4) and 35 regions with strongly elevated FST values (average length = 340 kb, average FST = 0.734 (range 0.6540.903), average autosomal FST = 0.223) (Fig. 1b and Supplementary Table 5). All FST regions are characterized by low levels of heterozygosity in either dog or wolf (although all do not pass the Z(HP) < −5 threshold), indicating that the two statistics detect the same events (Methods and Supplementary Discussion, sections 2 and 3). In total, 36 unique autosomal candidate domestication regions (CDRs) containing 122 genes were identified by the two approaches combined (Supplementary Table 6 and Fig. 1b, c). None of these regions overlaps those of a previous genotype-based study5 (Supplementary Discussion, section 3), stressing the importance of identifying domestication regions directly by sequencing or by comprehensively ascertaining SNPs in wild ancestors before genotyping.
Figure 1: Selection analyses identified 36 candidate domestication regions.
a, Distribution of Z-transformed average pooled heterozygosity in dog (Z(HP)DOG) and wolf (Z(HP)WOLF) respectively, as well as average fixation index (Z(FST)), for autosomal 200 kb windows (σ, standard deviation; μ, average). b, The positive end of the Z(FST) distribution plotted along dog autosomes 138 (chromosomes are separated by colour). A dashed horizontal line indicates the cut-off (Z > 5) used for extracting outliers. c, The negative end of the Z(HP) distribution plotted along dog autosomes 138. A dashed horizontal line indicates the cut-off (Z < −5) used for extracting outliers.
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Figures/tables index
Next We searched for significantly overrepresented gene ontology terms among genes in autosomal CDRs and identified 25 categories, representing several groups of interrelated terms (Table 1 and Supplementary Table 7), none of which was indicated in a separate analysis of selection in wolf (Supplementary Discussion, section 8). The most conspicuous cluster (11 terms) relates to the term nervous system development. The eight genes belonging to this category (Supplementary Tables 7 and 8) include MBP, VWC2, SMO, TLX3, CYFIP1 and SH3GL2, of which several affect developmental signalling and synaptic strength and plasticity12, 13, 14, 15, 16. We surveyed published literature and identified 11 additional CDR genes with central nervous system function (Supplementary Table 9), adding to a total of 19 CDRs that contain brain genes. These findings support the hypothesis that selection for altered behaviour was important during dog domestication and that mutations affecting developmental genes may underlie these changes7.
Table 1: Enriched gene ontology terms among CDR genes
Full table
Figures/tables index The gene ontology analysis also pinpoints two genes involved in the binding of sperm and egg: ZPBP encodes the zona pellucida binding protein that mediates binding of sperm to the zona pellucida glycoprotein layer (ZP) of the egg, and ZP2 codes for one of the proteins that make up ZP itself. In addition, a CDR on chromosome 6 encompasses PDILT that also affects binding of sperm to ZP17, altogether indicating that sperm competition may have been an important evolutionary force during dog domestication18.
Overrepresented terms starch metabolic process, digestion and fatty acid metabolism include genes involved in starch digestion (MGAM) and glucose uptake (SGLT1), as well as a candidate gene for insulin resistance (ACSM2A) that initiates the fatty acid metabolism19. A total of 6 CDRs harbour 10 genes with functions related to starch and fat metabolism (Supplementary Table 10). We propose that genetic variants within these genes may have been selected to aid adaptation from a mainly carnivorous diet to a more starch rich diet during dog domestication.
The breakdown of starch in dogs proceeds in three stages: (1) starch is first cleaved to maltose and other oligosaccharides by alpha-amylase in the intestine; (2) the oligosaccharides are subsequently hydrolysed by maltase-glucoamylase20, sucrase and isomaltase to form glucose; and (3) finally, glucose is transported across the plasma membrane by brush border protein SGLT121. Here we present evidence for selection on all three stages of starch digestion during dog domestication.
Whereas humans have acquired amylase activity in the saliva22 via an ancient duplication of the pancreatic amylase gene, dogs only express amylase in the pancreas23. In dogs the AMY2B gene, encoding the alpha-2B-amylase, resides in a 600-kb CDR on chromosome 6 with Z(HP) and Z(FST) scores of −4.60 and 7.16, respectively (Figs 1 and 2a). Interestingly, an 8-kb sequence spanning the AMY2B locus showed a several-fold increase in aligned read depth in dog relative to wolf (Fig. 2b), suggestive of a copy number change. Formal comparisons of regional and local pool coverage, and wolf and dog coverage (Methods), respectively, also suggest a substantial increase in copy numbers in all dog pools compared to wolf at this locus (Supplementary Discussion, section 5).
Figure 2: Selection for increased amylase activity.
a, Pooled heterozygosity, HP (blue), and average fixation index, FST (orange), plotted for 200-kb windows across a chromosome 6 region harbouring AMY2B. b, Heterozygosity, H (blue), and fixation index, FST (orange), for single SNPs in the selected region. Dog relative to wolf coverage, rC (green line), indicates increase in AMY2B copy number in dog. Genes in the region are shown below panel b. c, Histogram showing the distribution of diploid amylase copy number in wolf (n = 35) (blue) and dog (n = 136) (red). d, Amylase messenger RNA expression levels in pancreas of wolf (n = 12) and dog (n = 9). e, Amylase activity in serum from wolf (n = 13) and dog (n = 12).
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PreviousFigures/tables index
Next We confirmed this CNV by quantifying AMY2B copy numbers in 136 dogs and 35 wolves (Supplementary Table 11) using real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR). Whereas all wolves tested carried only 2 copies (2N = 2), diploid copy numbers in dog ranged from 4 to 30 (P < 0.001, Wilcoxon) (Fig. 2c), corresponding to a remarkable 7.4-fold average increase in dog AMY2B copy numbers. To assess whether this change correspond to a difference in amylase activity, we first compared AMY2B gene expression in pancreas from dog (n = 9) and wolf (n = 12) and noted a 28-fold higher average expression in dog (P < 0.001, Wilcoxon, Fig. 2d). We then quantified amylase activity in frozen serum (Fig. 2e) and found a 4.7-fold higher activity in dog (9.618.4 μkat l−1 (n = 12)) relative to wolf (1.44.3 μkat l−1 (n = 13)) (P < 0.001, Wilcoxon). Similar results were obtained in comparisons of a limited number of fresh samples (Supplementary Tables 12 and 13). The change in AMY2B gene copy number together with a correlated increase in both expression level (rho = 0.84, P < 0.0001, Spearman) (Supplementary Fig. 3) and enzyme activity (rho = 0.63, P < 0.01, Spearman) (Supplementary Fig. 4) indicates that duplications of the alpha-amylase locus conferred a selective advantage to early dogs by causing an increase in amylase activity.
Maltase-glucoamylase is responsible for the second step in the breakdown of starch, catalysing the hydrolysis of maltose to glucose20. No copy number changes were observed in the MGAM locus so we decided to study haplotype diversity across the region to facilitate the identification of causal variants. We genotyped 47 randomly selected SNPs in 71 dogs representing 38 diverse breeds and 19 wolves of worldwide distribution (referred to as the reference panel, Supplementary Table 14). Sixty-eight of the seventy-one dogs tested carried at least one copy of a 124-kb long haplotype spanning the entire MGAM and a small neighbouring locus encoding the bitter taste mediating taste receptor 2 member 38 (TASR38) (Fig. 3ac). Whereas none of the wolves carried the selected haplotype, 55 dogs were homozygous for it, 13 were heterozygous and only three dogs lacked it (2 West Highland White Terriers and 1 Chinese Crested Dog). This high degree of haplotype differentiation between dog and wolf (average FST for genotyped SNPs = 0.75) indicates that this haplotype may harbour genetic variation of selective advantage to dogs (Supplementary Discussion, sections 3 and 6).
Figure 3: Selection is associated with increased maltase activity.
a, Pooled heterozygosity, HP (blue), and average fixation index, FST (orange), plotted for 200-kb windows across a chromosome 16 region harbouring MGAM. b, Heterozygosity, H (blue), and fixation index, FST (orange), for single SNPs in the selected region. c, Haplotypes inferred from genotyping of 47 SNPs across the MGAM locus in 71 dogs and 19 wolves (red and blue colour are major and minor dog allele, respectively). Genes in the genotyped region are shown below panel c. d, MGAM mRNA expression levels in pancreas of wolf (n = 8) and dog (n = 9). e, MGAM activity in serum from wolf (n = 8) and dog (n = 7).
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PreviousFigures/tables index We identified several candidate mutations within MGAM that may have been targeted by selection in this region (Supplementary Table 15). First a conservative amino acid substitution located in the duplicated trefoil domain of MGAM (residue 1001) is nearly fixed for isoleucine in wolf and for valine in dogs. Eleven out of fourteen mammals have valine at this position, whereas the omnivorous rat, and the insectivorous hedgehog and short-tailed opossum, carry isoleucine like the wolf (Supplementary Table 16). Second, another conservative substitution, methionine to valine, located in the beta sheet of the maltase enzyme (residue 797), is segregating in wolf but fixed for methionine in dog. The insectivorous hedgehog and common shrew are the only mammals without methionine at this evolutionarily conserved position (Supplementary Table 17) and in silico modelling using the SDM-server indicates that a change from methionine to valine at this residue is destabilizing24. Third, a fixed two-base-pair deletion in dog disrupts the stop codon, thereby extending the carboxy-terminal end of dog MGAM by two amino acids: asparagine and phenylalanine. In 32 mammals studied only herbivores (rabbit, pika, alpaca and cow) and omnivores (mouse lemur and rat) share an extension like that seen in dog (Supplementary Table 18). A fourth candidate mutation in intron 37 affects a predicted binding site for the glucose metabolism regulator NR4A2 protein25 by shifting the wolf sequence away from the canonical NR4A2-binding motif. Three out of four mammals with the wolf allele at this site rely heavily on insects or fish for their nutritional requirements (Supplementary Table 19).
To decipher whether the candidate mutations act primarily on expression or protein activity we examined MGAM expression in pancreas and the resulting enzymatic activity in serum. Dogs showed a ~12-fold higher expression (P < 0.001, Wilcoxon, nDOG = 9, nWOLF = 8) (Fig. 3d) and a ~twofold increase in maltose to glucose turnover compared to wolves (average glucose produced in dogs: 0.94 ΔA570 nm (0.641.23, n = 7) and wolves: 0.52 ΔA570 nm (0.440.66, n = 8), P = 0.0012, Wilcoxon) (Fig. 3e). Although we cannot rule out that diet-induced plasticity contributed to this difference26, our results indicate that the mutation affecting a NR4A2-binding site or another unknown variant probably affect the expression of MGAM. Selection may thus clearly have led to increased MGAM expression, but we cannot rule out that the strong selection affecting this locus may have favoured the accumulation of protein-coding changes on the same haplotype. Similar scenarios have been seen for white coat colour in dogs and pigs, where repeated selection for additional mutations has resulted in an allelic series of white spotting at the MITF and KIT loci, respectively27.
Once starch has been digested to glucose it is absorbed through the luminal plasma membrane of the small intestine by the sodium/glucose cotransporter 1 (SGLT1)21. To benefit from an increased capacity to digest starch, dogs would therefore be expected to show a parallel increase in glucose uptake. A CDR on chromosome 26 (Supplementary Fig. 5a, b) encompasses SGLT1 and a gene (SGLT3) encoding the glucose-sensing sodium/glucose cotransporter 3 protein28. To characterize the haplotype diversity we genotyped 48 randomly chosen SNPs across this CDR in the reference panel and identified a 50.5-kb region, spanning the 3′ section of SGLT1 as well as the 3′end of SGLT3, that is highly divergent between dog and wolf (Supplementary Fig. 5c). In this region all dogs tested were carriers of a particular haplotype, for which 63 were homozygous and eight heterozygous. This contrasts to 19 wolves where a single individual carried one copy of the haplotype. Based on the high haplotype differentiation (average FST for 18 SNPs in 50.5-kb haplotype = 0.81) it is likely that SGLT1 and its 3′ region represents an additional dog domestication locus.
The 50.5-kb region includes a conservative isoleucine to valine substitution in SGLT1 (residue 244) that affects a loop facing the extracellular side of the luminal membrane (Supplementary Table 15). Heterologous expression analysis29 shows that glycosylation at a nearby site (residue 248) affects glucose transport, indicating that it is possible that dogs acquired improved glucose uptake as a result of the observed substitution. In addition, we see only non-significant differences in SGLT1 expression in pancreas of dog (n = 9) and wolf (n = 4) (P = 0.39, Wilcoxon) (Supplementary Fig. 6), indicating that selection primarily targeted a structural rather than regulatory mutation in SGLT1.
In conclusion, we have presented evidence that dog domestication was accompanied by selection at three genes with key roles in starch digestion: AMY2B, MGAM and SGLT1. Our results show that adaptations that allowed the early ancestors of modern dogs to thrive on a diet rich in starch, relative to the carnivorous diet of wolves, constituted a crucial step in early dog domestication. This may suggest that a change of ecological niche could have been the driving force behind the domestication process, and that scavenging in waste dumps near the increasingly common human settlements during the dawn of the agricultural revolution may have constituted this new niche6. In light of previous results describing the timing and location of dog domestication, our findings may suggest that the development of agriculture catalysed the domestication of dogs.
The results presented here demonstrate a striking case of parallel evolution whereby the benefits of coping with an increasingly starch-rich diet during the agricultural revolution caused similar adaptive responses in dog and human30. This emphasizes how insights from dog domestication may benefit our understanding of human recent evolution and disease. Finally, by understanding the genetic basis of adaptive traits in dogs we have come closer to unlocking the potential in dog and wolf comparisons to decipher the genetics of behaviour
METHODSDNA extraction
DNA was extracted from tissue using Qiagen tissue DNA extraction kits or from EDTA blood using either manual salt precipitation or the QIASymphony DNA Midi kit (Qiagen) on the QIASymphony robot (Qiagen).
We pooled DNA from 12 individuals per pool before mate-pair library construction and sequencing on the AB SOLiD system, version 3, according to standard manufacturer protocols (Applied Biosystems). Sequencing reads were aligned to the CanFam 2.0 reference sequence using the Bioscope 1.1 software. We removed duplicated (http://picard.sourceforge.net) and poorly mapped reads (mapping quality <20 in Samtools)31 and retained only uniquely mapped reads for further analyses.
SNP detection
We searched for variable sites in data combined from all pools (including wolf) to increase sensitivity to rare alleles. We required a minimum of three reads supporting an alternative allele to call a SNP, and applied a further filtering step implemented in samtools.pl varFilter (settings: Q25 q10 d3 D120 G25 w10 N2 l30) to ensure a high call accuracy that is largely unaffected by, for example, paralogous sequence variants. We called genotypes for all SNPs in all dog pools and the single wolf pool by counting sequencing reads supporting the reference and variant allele, given a minimum base quality of 20, to estimate allele frequencies in the dog and wolf populations. A random selection representing 25% of the sequencing reads from pools 4 and 5 were included in this process to achieve unbiased allele frequency estimates.
Selection analyses
Allele counts and allele frequencies at all identified variable sites were used to search the dog genome for regions that may have been affected by selection during the early phase of dog domestication using two complementary approaches. First we calculated the average pooled heterozygosity (HP) in 200-kb windows sliding 100 kb at a time, for all five dog pools combined, and in the single wolf pool separately, following the methodology described in ref. 10. Briefly, this method sums all minor and major allele counts, respectively, at all variable sites within a window, and estimates the heterozygosity based on the combined allele counts for the entire window. The advantage of this method over calculating a simple arithmetic mean of all single-site heterozygosity estimates is that it accounts for variable sequence coverage across the window. To avoid spurious selection signals we discarded 49 out of 21,927 windows containing fewer than 10 informative sites from both this and the subsequent FST analysis. We Z-transformed the resultant distribution of HP scores and extracted putatively selected windows in the extreme tail of the distribution by applying a Z(HP) < −5 cut-off.
Second we calculated FST values between dog and wolf for individual SNPs using a method that adjusts for sample size differences32. We averaged FST values across 200-kb windows, sliding 100 kb at a time and Z-transformed the resultant distribution. Putative selection targets were extracted from the extreme tail of the distribution by applying a Z(FST) > 5 cut-off, and attributed to selection in dog if the corresponding Z(HP)DOG < Z(HP)WOLF, to selection in wolf if Z(HP)WOLF < Z(HP)DOG (three regions), and to selection in both taxa if Z(HP)WOLF < −4 and Z(HP)WOLF < −4.
Gene ontology analysis
We used the Ensembl gene annotations to identify genes residing within regions extending 100 kb up- and downstream of CDRs to include potential effects of regulatory changes on loci at some distance, and to reduce the risk of excluding the outermost portions of the selected haplotypes by using sliding windows of fixed size. We tested for enrichment of gene ontology terms (GOa-human) assigned to the subset of these CDR genes for which human orthology could be established (79 out of 122) using the GOstat program33.
Genotyping validation
We designed an iPLEX assay targeting 124 SNPs located in CDRs showing a high degree of homozygosity or population differentiation. A total of 71 dogs, representing 38 different breeds, and 19 wolves (Supplementary Table 14) were genotyped using standard protocols provided by the manufacturer (Sequenome). Haplotypes were phased using fastPHASE34.
qPCR CNV detection
We quantified DNA copy number variation using Multiplex TaqMan assays containing primers and probes (Supplementary Table 20) matching both the target and reference sequence (housekeeping gene C7orf28b) according to the manufacturers protocol. All reactions were run in triplicate and data was analysed using the CopyCaller software (Applied Biosystems). Copy numbers for each target were normalized to the same wolf to account for inter-plate variability.
qPCR expression analyses
Pancreatic tissue samples from dogs and wolves where collected post mortem, stored in RNAlater at 4 °C for 24 h and subsequently freeze-stored at −80 °C. We used TRIzol to isolate RNA from these samples, followed by complementary DNA synthesis using the Advantage RT for PCR kit according to the manufacturers protocols (Life Technologies and Clontech, respectively). We designed exonic primers (Supplementary Table 21) and quantified the amount of cDNA using SYBR Green real-time PCR (Applied biosciences) on a 7900HT Fast real time PCR system (Applied Biosystems) and analysed the data using the qbasePLUS (Biogazelle) software according to the ΔΔCT method. All reactions where run in triplicate and normalized by comparisons to housekeeping genes RPL32 and RPL13A.
Amylase activity
Peripheral EDTA and serum blood samples where collected from dogs and both captive and free-ranging wolves. Serum amylase activity was analysed at the Clinical Pathology service (Swedish Agricultural University) using an Architect e400 instrument (Abott Laboratories), except for 8 serum samples (Supplementary Table 13) which were run on a VetScan instrument (Abaxis).
Maltase activity
Maltase activity was assayed according to the principle outlined in ref. 35, whereby a known amount of maltose substrate is added to serum and the resultant glucose produced is measured as the change in absorbance after five minutes (ΔA570 nm). We used reagents from the ab83388 Maltose assay kit (Abcam) and serum sampled as described above. For each individual, glucose residuals were measured in duplicate and maltase assays were performed in triplicate.
Indel calling
We used Bioscope 1.1 to call small insertions and deletions in each pool separately. We then combined the results of all pools and extracted a set of high confident indels by requiring that indels were supported by at least three sequencing reads.
CNV detection
Four methods were used to detect structural variation in the dog genome. We searched for deviations in insert size using the large indel tool implemented in Bioscope1.1. We compared the coverage depth between the pooled samples using CNVseq36 and the Fixed deletions method10 and finally identified regions in which the coverage depth deviated from the pool average using CNVnator37. Methods relying on comparisons of sequence coverage between pools always used the wolf as reference pool.
All animals contributing tissue samples to this study died for other reasons than participating in this study. All dog samples were taken with the owners consent. The sampling conformed to the decision of the Swedish Animal Ethical Committee (no. C62/10) and the Swedish Animal Welfare Agency (no.31-1711/10).
References1.Ovodov, N. D. et al. A 33,000-year-old incipient dog from the Altai mountains of Siberia: evidence of the earliest domestication disrupted by the last glacial maximum. PLoS ONE 6, e22821 (2011)
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CASISIPubMedArticleShow context 6.Coppinger, R. & Coppinger, L. Dogs: a Startling New Understanding of Canine Origin, Behaviour and Evolution (Scribner, 2001)
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CASPubMedArticleShow context 10.Rubin, C. J. et al. Whole-genome resequencing reveals loci under selection during chicken domestication. Nature 464, 587591 (2010)
CASISIPubMedArticleShow context 11.Lindblad-Toh, K. et al. Genome sequence, comparative analysis and haplotype structure of the domestic dog. Nature 438, 803819 (2005)
CASISIPubMedArticleShow context 12.Koike, N. et al. Brorin, a novel secreted bone morphogenetic protein antagonist, promotes neurogenesis in mouse neural precursor cells. J. Biol. Chem. 282, 1584315850 (2007)
CASPubMedArticleShow context 13.Cheng, L. et al. Tlx3 and Tlx1 are post-mitotic selector genes determining glutamatergic over GABAergic cell fates. Nature Neurosci. 7, 510517 (2004)
ArticleShow context 14.Napoli, I. et al. The fragile X syndrome protein represses activity-dependent translation through CYFIP1, a new 4E-BP. Cell 134, 10421054 (2008)
CASISIPubMedArticleShow context 15.Weston, M. C., Nehring, R. B., Wojcik, S. M. & Rosenmund, C. Interplay between VGLUT isoforms and endophilin A1 regulates neurotransmitter release and short-term plasticity. Neuron 69, 11471159 (2011)
CASPubMedArticleShow context 16.Varga, Z. M. et al. Zebrafish smoothened functions in ventral neural tube specification and axon tract formation. Development 128, 34973509 (2001)
CASISIPubMedShow context 17.Tokuhiro, K., Ikawa, M., Benham, A. M. & Okabe, M. Protein disulfide isomerase homolog PDILT is required for quality control of sperm membrane protein ADAM3 and male fertility. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 109, 38503855 (2012)
CASPubMedArticleShow context 18.Gardner, A. J. & Evans, J. P. Mammalian membrane block to polyspermy: new insights into how mammalian eggs prevent fertilisation by multiple sperm. Reprod. Fertil. Dev. 18, 5361 (2006)
CASPubMedArticleShow context 19.Boomgaarden, I., Vock, C., Klapper, M. & Doring, F. Comparative analyses of disease risk genes belonging to the acyl-CoA synthetase medium-chain (ACSM) family in human liver and cell lines. Biochem. Genet. 47, 739748 (2009)
CASPubMedArticleShow context 20.Nichols, B. L. et al. The maltase-glucoamylase gene: common ancestry to sucrase-isomaltase with complementary starch digestion activities. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 100, 14321437 (2003)
CASPubMedArticleShow context 21.Wright, E. M., Loo, D. D. F. & Hirayama, B. A. Biology of human sodium glucose transporters. Physiol. Rev. 91, 733794 (2011)
CASPubMedArticleShow context 22.Meisler, M. H. & Ting, C. N. The remarkable evolutionary history of the human amylase genes. Crit. Rev. Oral Biol. Med. 4, 503509 (1993)
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CASPubMedArticleShow context 24.Worth, C. L., Preissner, R. & Blundell, T. L. SDM-a server for predicting effects of mutations on protein stability and malfunction. Nucleic Acids Res. 39, W215W222 (2011)
CASPubMedArticleShow context 25.Pei, L. et al. NR4A orphan nuclear receptors are transcriptional regulators of hepatic glucose metabolism. Nature Med. 12, 10481055 (2006)
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CASPubMedArticleShow context 27.Andersson, L. Studying phenotypic evolution in domestic animals: a walk in the footsteps of Charles Darwin. Cold Spring Harb. Symp. Quant. Biol. 74, 319325 (2009)
CASPubMedArticleShow context 28.Diez-Sampedro, A. et al. A glucose sensor hiding in a family of transporters. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 100, 1175311758 (2003)
CASPubMedArticleShow context 29.Hediger, M. A., Mendlein, J., Lee, H. S. & Wright, E. M. Biosynthesis of the cloned intestinal Na+ glucose cotransporter. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1064, 360364 (1991)
CASISIPubMedArticleShow context 30.Perry, G. H. et al. Diet and the evolution of human amylase gene copy number variation. Nature Genet. 39, 12561260 (2007)
ArticleShow context 31.Li, H. et al. The sequence alignment/map format and SAMtools. Bioinformatics 25, 20782079 (2009)
CASISIPubMedArticleShow context 32.Weir, B. S. & Cockerham, C. C. Estimating F-statistics for the analysis of population-structure. Evolution 38, 13581370 (1984)
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CASISIPubMedArticleShow context 34.Scheet, P. & Stephens, M. A fast and flexible statistical model for large-scale population genotype data: applications to inferring missing genotypes and haplotypic phase. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 78, 629644 (2006)
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CASPubMedArticleShow context 37.Abyzov, A., Urban, A. E., Snyder, M. & Gerstein, M. CNVnator: An approach to discover, genotype, and characterize typical and atypical CNVs from family and population genome sequencing. Genome Res. 21, 974984 (2011)
So yeah, pretty much you couldnt have been more wrong.
Drop the Fox News talking points. Anyone trying to say crime causes poverty is saying it out of pure partisan rhetoric. There is literally nothing that supports that notion. Nothing. You partisans are seriously eroding what used to be the greatest country in the world...
Actually, the very study you linked to supports the notion that crime causes poverty just as well as it supports your claim of the reverse. You have nothing to back up your position that poverty causes crime, I am sorry.


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Landice L880 Pro Sports Trainer Home Treadmill
With your first step onto a Landice treadmill you become part of a unique workout experience � one that delivers a health-club quality workout in the privacy of your own home.
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#1 Rated Company Landice is consistently rated #1 by the world's leading consumer magazines. In a "Runner's World" magazine survey of over 2,000 users who owned or used a Landice at a gym or corporate fitness center, Landice was rated number one in customer satisfaction.
L Series Treadmills are available in two frame sizes; L7 and L8. Each frame is available with your choice of four control panels and two shock absorption systems.
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Built to last for generations, all Landice home treadmills feature an assignable bumper-to-bumper Lifetime Warranty - if purchased within 60 miles of the authorized dealer - on all parts, including wear items.
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Features include:
Additional Documents:
Learn why Landice is the #1 Rated Treadmill


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Montgomery and Anne Arundel residents are stepping up their advocacy to see that high school start times are pushed back, for the health benefits they say it will bring children.
About 30 people gathered Saturday at a conference titled "Exploring the Adolescent Need for Sleep" at the Montgomery College campus in Rockville to hear experts talk about the benefits, and potential issues that come with making the change.
The conference was hosted by national group Start School Later and independent researcher The Lloyd Society.
Speakers emphasized the importance of students getting sleep, with Judith Owens, director of sleep medicine at Children's National Medical Center, comparing sleep deprivation to drug use.
A Montgomery County Public Schools work group is looking into the issue, after being directed to do so in December by Superintendent Joshua P. Starr after a petition started by parent Mandi Mader gathered more than 10,000 signatures.
The work group, which includes Mader, has met three times since December. Mader said Saturday she did not want to reveal what the group was discussing, but she remains optimistic.
The group has been tasked with coming up with a recommendation by the end of the school year.
At the state level, Mader and Heather Macintosh, who are the leaders of the Montgomery and Anne Arundel branches of Start School Later, are helping advocate for a bill in the General Assembly they say will make it easier for local systems to make the change.
The bill, introduced by Del. Aruna Miller (D-Dist. 15) of Darnestown, would establish a statewide taskforce that would study a later start time for Maryland public schools and then make a recommendation. The bill has 19 other sponsors from across the state and is scheduled to be heard at 1 p.m. Friday.
There are complications that come with pushing back high schools' start time, including rearranging bus transportation, school sports and activities, and moving around the start time for elementary and middle schools.
In order to make the change, you need a committed superintendent, Deborah deFranco, Arlington school system's director of health, physical education and athletics, told the crowd on Saturday.
Arlington pushed high school start times back from 7:30 a.m. to 8:15 a.m. in 2001, and, since, deFranco said there have been no major drawbacks.
"Change is never easy," deFranco said. "You just have to make the leap."
In Montgomery, high school starts at 7:25 a.m. Mader, of Garrett Park, and others want it moved to after 8:15 a.m.
Mader said she has hope that Starr will be supportive.
Abigail da Silva, a junior at Walt Whitman High School who attended the conference Saturday, said that she thinks it is important to make the change, and the details can be worked out.
She said she and her friends struggle to stay awake in early morning classes.
"Sometimes after I get out of class I ask my friend, 'Do I have a spot on my head?' from where I rest my forehead on my desk," da Silva said.


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Will I be saved? Does everything really happen for a reason? Are my deceased loved ones doing OK?
Click here for the e*Paper or get a copy of Sunday's Register to find out what questions people are asking God, and, maybe even what the answers might be.
Send these queries, and more, to a local church's leaders, and they'll try to provide the answers.
Grace Community Church in Fremont begins its third "#GodQuestions" series today, kicking off a month-long program dedicated to tackling tough issues surrounding religion and faith.


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Save 32% or more off the regular price of Upper Reserved tickets with the Weekday Value Package to 2015 Monday-Thursday home games.
Head out to Comerica Park this season.
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Asiago cheese pairs wonderfully with our crispy whole chicken breast.
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Well, why not reach over and take it?
And as an aside, I'm informed that I'm going to be at the Staring Lake Nature Center this Saturday as part of an open house. More info at the link, and on the Birdchick Blog.
Disapproved of by Bill at 6:45 AM
I really don't dare to come close to your cracker...
Crackers are for rabbits.
Um ... no thanks, I'm good.
Never! All crackers are for PUGS!!!
Oh Gee .... guess we'll stick to sticks.
And risk getting my hand taken off at the wrist? NO thank you, Scooter!
Oh, thank you, no. I'm rather partial to my fingers. I'm quite attached to them.
Puts on armored gauntlet and chain mail glove over that, then thinks better of it. Lets bunny have his cracker.
Step right up folks, and try your luck.
Ow, the pain!!!!!!!! I had to take an Oreo cookie back from my rabbit once - and YEOWCH!!!!!!!!!
Um, I think I will let you keep your cracker, Scooter. Now, if it were a banana chip or a grape, it would be a different story.
you have your own blog, birdchick? really?!!! cinnamon never told us!!! i'll have to check it out!
and i aint touching that cracker!
I guess maybe Polly don't want no dumb ol' cracker after all.
Scooter looks so soft, I would love to pick him and his cracker up and snuggle them, of course the time I would have to spend in a an intensive care unit might not be worth it.
is that thunder...or the fast approaching rumble of disapproval ?


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ASPCA President & CEO Matthew Bershadker (right) on location at a dog fighting bust earlier this year.
By ASPCA President and CEO Matt Bershadker
The holidays are a big distraction this time of year, but all the more reason to keep our eyes on the ball – and in this case, on neglected horses in need.
As you may know, in November, our Field Investigations and Response (FIR) Team traveled to Spokane, Washington, to assist Spokane County Regional Animal Protective Services (SCRAPS) with the sheltering and daily care of 63 horses seized as part of an animal cruelty investigation.
So while many of us were celebrating Thanksgiving, the FIR team was on the ground helping to provide continuing care for these severely neglected animals (among many ASPCA staffers on the job that day). Sixty-two of the horses are responding well to treatment and are in recovery, while one, sadly, did not survive.
The negligent owner is still missing; a hearing to determine custody of the horses will be held on December 16. But our priority continues to be the health and welfare of these animals. We can't undo their suffering, but with your support we can show them care and love, and put them on a brighter path.
Rescuing this many large animals is, of course, no easy task. So my big thanks go to SCRAPS, to the ASPCA field teams who put these horses before their own holidays, and to you as well for making such important work possible.
Want to stay up-to-date on our Field Investigations and Response (FIR) cases?
Sign up to receive our weekly newsletter, ASPCA News Alert - you'll receive important updates on what's going on and how you can make an impact to save animals' lives!


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Direct marketers embrace change, but worry
According to Eric Wittlake, head of media at agency Babcock & Jenkins, Portland, Ore., marketers are uncertain about data accuracy and completeness, the cost of acquiring data and their own abilities to manage and understand it. Another concern: The looming "fiscal cliff" and its potential impact on the U.S. economy. According to a report by BtoB sibling publication Advertising Age, marketers may sharply curtail expenditures as they wait to see if President Obama and House Republicans can agree on changes to the current law mandating spending cuts and tax increases in the new year. Marketing staffing decisions also appear to be in a wait-and-see mode, according to an online survey conducted in September by direct marketing executive search company Bernhart Associates. The company's latest "Quarterly Digital and Direct Marketing Employment Report" projects fourth-quarter hiring trends and reported that 46% of the 450 companies surveyed said they plan to add staff in the final three months of the year, down from 50% in the last quarterly report issued in April. "Yes, the fiscal cliff can make people nervous," said Jerry Bernhart, the company's principal. "But I've never had a company say they're delaying or canceling a job search because of it. If they have a need, they have a need. Bigger companies may be more concerned about this kind of thing than smaller organizations." Bernhart said that while hiring in direct marketing has reached an uncertain phase, certain job types have risen in prominence and demand. "Marketing analytics jobs are at the top, but the demand is for analytics skills combined with business acumen," Bernhart said. "Companies are avid to hire people who can mine the data and then make recommendations to marketers based on what the data are telling them. Marketing departments don't need propeller-heads." For the first time, social media manager positions have appeared within the top five marketing positions sought by companies, Bernhart said. Other positions companies are seeking to fill including Web designers, email marketing managers, account managers and sales.


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Swiss bank accounts
Opinion: Romney's Friday Tax Document Dump Only Raises More Questions
If the GOP wants a candidate to "man up", they should tell Mitt Romney to grow up and stop hiding his returns and stop disparaging working Americans for meeting their tax obligations while he dodges his.
Opinion: Harry Reid Gives Mitt Hell
An investor in Bain told Senator Reid that Mitt Romney had not paid any taxes over a ten year period, but maybe the more intriguing story is who else he hasn't been sending money to in years past.
Opinion: Romney's Gold Medal In Tax Deductions
"[Romney] has pushed the envelope all the way to the edge, to his benefit, and I think that Americans would find that pretty distasteful. I think it's going to make Americans recoil, and that's why I think he's not releasing those returns," said Former Auto Czar Steve Rattner.
Opinion: Romney Falls Flat In London But Still Rakes In Cash From Libor Bankers
Mitt Romney insulted Britain's preparations for the Olympics and inspired quotes like "apparently devoid of charm, warmth, humor or sincerity" and "worse than Sarah Palin" before cashing campaign checks from bankers and lobbyists who are at the center of the Libor scandal.
Opinion: What Is Mitt Romney Hiding?
Romney isn't revealing what he did while he held the public's trust, both as head of the Olympics and as Governor of Massachusetts. With each passing week, Romney creates more questions about what he has done in the past and what he will do in the White House.
Opinion: Bain Holds American Headlines Captive Without Reason
With all that is and should be important to Americans – just over a hundred days before we select our president – it is baffling as to why the media is so hell-bent on holding on to the Bain Capital story involving presumptive Republican presidential nominee Mitt Romney.