text:
Phontong Handicrafts Cooperative
This handicraft cooperative began in 1980 and works with Lao weavers and basket makers in lowland villages around Vientiane, the capital city of Laos. Kommaly Chanthavong directs the co-op, and her husband Noulieme manages finances. Craftswomen intersperse weaving with housework and childcare. Once a dying art, weaving skills and traditions are being revived by Phontong, which provides lessons and free raw materials to artisans. The cooperative also helps artisans with wood carving, basket weaving, silk production and cattle raising. Ten Thousand Villages has purchased handicrafts from Phontong since 1989.
Their story of resettlement from the northern provinces is similar to that of many thousands of other Laotians. In the rugged mountainous north, they practiced slash and burn agriculture and lived several days walk from a health clinic, or roads that would lead to other services or goods that they couldn't provide for themselves. Life became very difficult, and some families began to leave. In 1999, several families arrived in this new area, about 37 miles from Vientiane, the capital of Laos. Eventually, other families from Hua Phan joined them, were given land on which to build their houses and tried to make a living. They had no land on which to plant rice, however, and there were not many opportunities to earn money.
Some of the newcomers knew Kommaly Chanthavong, director of Phontong Handicrafts, since her family had also come from a nearby village in Hua Phan province. Many of the women are weavers, like Chanthavong, but most had no looms or money to access the materials that they would need to weave. They also had little food for their families, so Chanthavong and her family purchased land on which they could grow rice. Later they bought more land for growing teak trees and mulberries, which could support silkworms to provide silk to the weavers. With funds from Ten Thousand Villages and others, some of the women received training to raise silkworms and mulberry plants, and others received training in weaving and dyeing techniques.
Now 25 families have settled in this village. There are many looms underneath the traditional wood and bamboo houses, placed there to provide a shaded workspace. Just like their ancestors, their houses accommodate one loom for each female member of the household. New generations learn from their elders the intricate weaving patterns, starting with four-inch-wide strips that will become beautiful borders on traditional skirts, called "sinh".
These families have better lives and a brighter future, thanks in large part to assistance from Chanthavong and Phontong Handicrafts. The 13 weavers who worked on their first order from Phontong look forward to many more. They hope that interest in their weaving will continue for years to come so that their younger sisters, daughters and granddaughters will be able to carry on their rich heritage of weaving.
Jane Snider
Mennonite Central Committee Laos handicraft designer
Textiles Represent Tradition and Employment
Phontong Handicrafts Cooperative works with Laotian silk farmers and weavers, providing orders and vital, supplemental income. The cooperative facilitates the transportation of the silk fibers to artisan women in villages throughout Laos. The women weave the silk into beautiful textiles like pillows and table runners.
Noulieme Chantavong, Deputy Director of Phontong, shared that despite their skill, Laotian artisans face several challenges. Transit prices from the landlocked country are high, which makes it hard for Laotian artisans to be price competitive with artisans in other countries.
Despite these limitations, silk farmers and weavers value the supplemental income they earn. The additional income allows them to provide for their families. They can send their children to school without growing opium or burning the forest for more land to farm.
Additionally, Chantavong said, it allows them to learn a practical craft that they can pass on to their children. For example, weavers use the second quality silk to create their own clothing and instruct children in weaving.
He said, "If you give money, they will buy [clothes] from the factory. If you buy a product, they will make a product and teach their children the tradition [of weaving]."
Silk Production at Lao Sericulture
Lao Sericulture is a fair trade silk farm located in Xieng Khuang province in northern Laos. Weather conditions only permit silk farming for seven months of the year. During silk season, the farm can support 300,000 worms at a time.
Silkworm eggs are purchased from Laos and Thailand because of the high-quality silk they produce. When the eggs hatch, the small worms are fed mulberry leaves, their steady diet for the twenty-five days until they grow to their full size, less than one inch. The worms require temperature-controlled and sterile conditions. After they are given time to grow, they are placed on screens or special baskets to begin spinning their cocoons. Each cocoon is spun from one long, thin strand of silk.
When the cocoons are complete, they are collected and watchfully boiled in hot water, which causes the silk to unwind. It takes 80-100 thin strands to make one silk thread. After boiling, two of these threads are twisted together to create an even stronger strand. This thread, made of 160-200 cocoon strands, is what is used in weaving.
The silk is naturally yellow and quite stiff because it contains a gum. Skeins of raw silk are boiled in a mixture of water, ashes and dye. The ashes de-gum the silk. After boiling, the skeins soak in tamarind water to make the dye colorfast, then in rice water for softening. The silk is finally ready for weaving.
At Lao Sericulture, one silk cycle of 300,000 worms produces approximately 90 kg of silk. The farm also provides silkworm eggs to local villagers who raise worms that the farm buys back as cocoons or unprocessed silk. Lao Sericulture sells about 2,000 kg. of silk each year. The farm also offers mulberry tea, jams and cider.
Handmade Products by This Artisan
Evergreen Forest Scarf
Handmade in Laos
Ombre Silk Shawl
Handmade in Laos
Refinement in Silk
Handmade in Laos
Blue Breeze Silk Scarf
Handmade in Laos
Bamboo Elegance Bag
Handmade in Laos
Denim Dusk Silk Scarf
Handmade in Laos
Regular Price: $49.00
Special Price: $36.75
Raspberry Rapture Silk Scarf
Handmade in Laos
Lavender Sachet Scarf
Handmade in Laos
Regular Price: $49.00
Special Price: $24.50
Bamboo Elegance Coin Purse
Handmade in Laos
Mekong Colors Bag
Handmade in Laos
Regular Price: $69.00
Special Price: $51.75


text:
Candies Perfume
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Reviews (19)
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I started wearing Candies when I was about 16. I ordered a vial so I could see if I still liked it. I was disappointed that my vial was not full. The smell is sweet and light. I can only wear light fragrances as strong ones knock me out with a migraine. Same smell that I remembered from all those years ago.
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i love this perfume
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I love Candies! Smells amazing would recommend for anyone!
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I bought this because when I was younger, I loved it. My sister had it and I always stole it from her. Now, I'm not a huge fan.
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This is definitely one of my favorites. Also love Paris Hilton brand perfume, and Chanel Chance.
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
- Chicago, IL
- United States
This conversation is closed.
Employer's 'Codes of Conduct' are violations of my civil rights
I recently worked with a Fortune 25 corp and had to sign a 'code of conduct' as a condition of employment. In it, it stated (effectively) 'employees conduct is a reflection of the company both on and off the job, therefore employees must conduct themselves in a manner representing the company at all times'. I felt this violated my civil rights. I felt that I was hired to perform a task, to a job, and that my life is my own. The employer (ostensibly) felt that to work there was a choice, not a demand, and this is their condition of employment if I should 'choose' to work there. My conduct is my business - especially 'off' the job. I am not a slave. I am not 'owned'. My actions are not 'owned', and I cannot be 'discarded' because I may or may not have personal values that mirror my employers. Employment is 'at will', I agree. But losing my job because of my conduct at home is a violation of my civil rights.
pat gilbert
May 18 2013: First of all pick your fights, this ain't one of them.
- +2
Second of all if I hire someone I want to determine that his goals are consistent with mine. If you want to conduct yourself in a manner unbecoming then I don't want to hire you. This is more a matter of agreement not rights.
May 19 2013: pat,
Well said.
This topic is trash.
Show him the door.May 19 2013: Hi Pat, please see response to Salim above and see if that clarify's.
Comment deleted
May 19 2013: Chris,
In my opinion,
You've won the HITS THE NAIL ON THE HEAD award.
Thank you.
Whiner was the word that first came to my mind as I read the Debate topic.
May 19 2013: HI Frank, thanks for responding. please see response to Chris...
May 19 2013: Alright. Thanks for responding. I absolutely take responsibility for my actions. And that's just it, they're my actions. How does exercising my privacy and personal freedom, that so many have died to protect, equal 'not taking responsibility'? A contract of employment is only that too - an agreement to perform a task for a certain return. My personal life is not beholden to the other party, nor does it have anything to do with our contractual relationship. So I take it you prefer that 'someone else' dictate your personal life. No whining now...
- +1
May 19 2013: R H in response to your response to Chris.
The thing in the closet has had no say in your argument.
The Employer.
The other party who has standing in your argument.
Since the contract was created by the Employer, and not yourself,
the Employer can write requirements for employment that must be
acceptable to potential Employees, and that acceptance certified
by signature and date. If a potential Employee wishes to change
the terms, he or she should do so before putting ink to paper.
A morals clause is common enough in Employment Contracts.
You will find also that other types of contracts to have within their
terms, exclusions based upon conduct. The most common ones
I can think of are Insurance Policies. Since I have written several
of them from scratch, I know that the Insured must meet certain
requirements before benefits can be paid.
I wrote Contracts of Insurance. They are not Civil Rights contracts.
Just My Contracts. ha ha ha
Civil rights work both ways.
Yours just haven't been violated, except in your singular opine.
Sorry R H Take 2 Aspirin and call me in the morning.
May 19 2013: Alright, but 'puchasing insurance' is buying a product, not earning a livelyhood, and therefore carries different 'weight' and a different level of consideration. I do not deny, as is implied n the 'at will' comment in the debate explanation, that employers bave a right to state conditions of employment in offer agreements. I'm merely argueing that using my personal conduct - especially off the job - as evidence of dismissal should not be one of them, and that its in violation of my civil rights to deny me the right to earn a living via my right to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.
bart hsi
May 23 2013: Chris, I agree with you. But I also want to respond to RH's argument. First let me say that if the Company dismissed you for any reason because of you participation in protest for some unfairness about some policy or regulations that are completely irrelevant to the Company,s business, then you certainly could sue them for discrimination in employment, because the reason for dismissal was not contained in the employment contract. The definition of misconduct should not include the act of public protest. However, if the protest is for or against, say gay marriage, and if you are hired by the Boy Scout of America, then it does involve the "Company's policy or data information stated in the conduct clause of the contract.
- 0
I am all for the freedom in civil rights, and your legal rights to sue against the employer's discrimination for your rights. But you must respect your employer's right if they forewarned about their stated policies of on involvement in public opinion about either positive or negative protest, including internet chat under your own name and you employer,s
May 24 2013: Hmmm. Very interesting. Thanks bart. I believe that not-for-profit agencies have to follow the same rules & reg's in employment as other for-profit employers - but I'm not 100% sure. Could the BSA exclude an applicant because they're gay? I don't think so anymore. Could they fire that same employee for participating in a 'gay marriage' protest, and call that 'against corp policy'? I believe, under your description, they could. Looking strictly academically, I would argue that 'forwarning' a new employee that involvement in public protests, on their personal time, that are against 'mission/vision' statements of the organization are grounds for dismissal, is against their civil rights to be gay and participate in protests. So let's play this out: The BSA (using your example) is against gay marriage. They have a 'most qualified applicant' and hire them - making it perfectly clear that participation in public protests that are against the mission/vision of the org, in this example 'gay marriage', are grounds for dismissal. But as the now employee, the law says participating in public protests are a civil right. Therefore, is not the org's demand 'overruled' by the law of the land? In other words, is it legal for my now employer to fire me for exercising my civil right, even though they notified me in advance of employment that it was their requirement? I would say the employer cannot have that as a requirement in the first place, and therefore would be in violation of civil rights law to require that in an employment agreement. Thanks again for the interesting contribution, and if you care to, let me know what you think because I'm exploring this point myself.
bart hsi
May 24 2013: I would gladly answer your question, but please be reminded that this is not a legal advice of any kind. I am not a lawyer by profession or academic training. I also don't intend to give you any advice even as a layman. But I have also no intention of criticizing your idea or conduct. This is just my observation on you legal position in this dispute.
- +1
I have known 2 recent events that seem to have some bearing on your situation. First is the news that the BSA does make decisions of hiring/accepting membership of gay people. One of the voting just happened yesterday. The other event is that some decision was made that a CEO or other responsible officer of a company could post the policy or some financial information of a public company on the internet with his own name and title, which is legally allowed but also is legally responsible for its truth. So, in my interpretation, it is probably permissible for you to join a protest, waving a placard or a banner indicating what you are protesting for. (usually you won't be identified, especially connecting with your company affiliation). But you are a little out of line when you chat on the net with your name and company identity flashed on the screen because of the second recent news I cited above. Of course you likely are not the CEO of your company, but that is not really materially relevant.
Comment deleted
May 19 2013: Chris,
I wouldn't go so far as to call Employment a privilege.
You might have the State try to make you get a license for the privilege of digging dirt.
The employer would not want to be 'represented' by an 'off the clock' employee.
That is one step beyond. Liability issues appear for greedy attorneys.
But, asking an employee to act responsibly 24/7/365 via contract, is not a bad idea.
Provided the foolish applicant will sign such an agreement in the first place.
That whiner thingy still seems to fit.May 19 2013: Ah, there we go. 'Big boy pants', employment as a privileged, and realities of life. Now I get it. I should be 'grateful' that those companies want me to do something for them because I'm the best skilled candidate, so grateful that I relinquish my personal freedom, because it's a 'privileged' to have invested in my education and talents and be able to lay them 'at the altar' of my omnipotent employer, who claims control over my personal living, because this is the reality. And I am 'selfish, self-centered, and feel entitlement' because I wish to demand my freedom. Guilty as charged. I guess I'm fired, huh? I'm sure you'll have some excellent candidates who will live exactly as you prescribe - sir. "Yes sir, I'll do that at home sir. No, you're right sir, I won't do that at home sir.Thank you, sir. Thank you sir..."
Comment deleted
May 24 2013: Very nice logo of 'Coexist'. So in the spirit of such fine public representation, I won't defend myself against your horribly inflammatory, unfounded, uninformed accusations and personal attack - which are dismissive conversation and debate tactics, by the way. I would only hope to find some common ground in the future, whether we differ or agree.
May 18 2013: Because employment is 'at will', employers do not need a 'reason' to terminate the employment relationship. Behavior can mean anything the employer wishes to interpret. I cannot debate specific employment positions, only as an employee, my personal life, choices, and actions are my own.
- +1
May 19 2013: R H
Very good. I knew you were a wolf in sheep clothing. haha
You're not a 'whiner' after all. You just like a great argument.
I bet your Mom let you stir the cake batter, to mix it up.May 23 2013: It probably isn't a violation of your rights as you sign the employment contract voluntarily. It doesn't make good business sense though. Anything that potentially limits the pool of possible employees for reasons not directly related to job performance wil in the end make your company less successful.
May 24 2013: Very interesting perspective, and one I'd agree with wholeheartedly. We can always find ways/reasons to be more 'comfortable' with colleagues, but more often than not a really great candidate for a specific position may not share our values and/or interests, and may even be personally active in them. This other point of 'voluntary' employment is echoed throughout the majority of the responses. I seem to be having trouble articulating my problem with this - strictly academically, so let me try again from another direction: If we transport ourselves back to the early 1900's, we could say that we have it as company policy that we don't hire minorities, women, orientals, jews/catholics/buddhists, homosexuals, etc. If someone claimed to be neither of those yet subsequently was discovered to be so, we could've fired them. We stated our policy upfront, and they effectively 'lied' on the application. This was justified as employment is 'voluntary'. Since then, the courts have determined that these are 'civil rights', that employment is a 'separate' consideration in freedom, and that denying employment based on such 'civil rights' is against the law. I am taking that 'train of thought' to the next step of 'what I do at home is also a civil right - to privacy and the 1st amendment' and should be against the law to consider in employment. 'Codes of Conduct' by major employers are too vague and arbitrary as to extend 'into this territory' of personal freedom - in my opinion. Although it's true and obvious that deciding to work for a particular employer is 'voluntary', my point is that, just like in the early 1900's, if I'm the most qualified candidate, 'excluding' my civil rights as described above should not be in the agreement in the first place, nor a justifiable consideration. Thank you for participating in this conversation debate.May 22 2013: RH you making a mountain out of nothing, that is only in the contract for their protection.
Yes you have the right to free speech, but shouldn't a company have right to let go an employee that bad months them or their customers on their personal face-book page?
May 22 2013: Thanks Don. I don't feel I'm making 'a mountain'. It's a friendly debate. I'm merely debating the points, trying to keep 'emotion' out of it. Anything having to do with corp data, intel, customers, or statements of the company on social media should follow the normal rules of libel and slander - and yes, even 'loyalty'. I will cede that type of communication as not protected by civil rights, as that was not my intention and what everyone seems to be focusing on. But my private 'conduct as a reflection on the company' in off-hours is very real, and my livelihood is threatened by this arbitrary interpretation of what the corp feels is acceptable personal 'conduct' vs. what I am free to do by law as a citizen in a free society, all because employment is viewed as voluntary. I guess this is about corp 'image enforcement' on employees when they are not on the job, and whether or not it is legal. I happen to feel it is a violation of my rights as a citizen. No one has supported my side of this debate. Everyone seems to feel that the corp does have the right to fire someone if they disagree with their personal choices while not on the job - and this is currently true. I don't see it, but that's debate. Cheers!May 21 2013: it can not possibly a violation of your rights, because you voluntarily sign the contract. if you don't want to comply, simply do not sign the contract, but either negotiate a new one, or just simply leave.
putting limitations on what kind of contracts can be made by adult individuals, on the other hand, would be a violation of their civil rights. owners of the company as well as any employee candidate both have civil rights, and it includes the freedom of contract.
May 22 2013: Ok. I sign an employment agreement which includes a 'code of conduct' that says my 'conduct', both on and off of work (and that's the key here), is under corp scrutiny and could effect disciplinary action up to and including dismissal. Is this not a contractual demand that 'over steps the bounds' of personal freedom? In other words, it's not whether or not I can refuse to participate in the agreement - that's a given. It's whether or not that part of the agreement is legal. Religion is a perfect example. There can be no clause in an employment agreement that makes religious preference a consideration in dismissal or denying employment, that religion is strictly a personal and private matter. Is not my personal and private conduct - outside of work - a similar argument? I agree that putting limitations on agreements between people/individuals/business orgs is unhealthy. But employment is another matter - we already have agreed upon employment limitations of exclusion such as: Race, Creed, Marital status, now Sexual Orientation, etc. These 'civil rights' cannot be considered as reasons for dismissal or denying employment. Do not my civil liberties - at home - fall under that same consideration? Let me state it another way: I can fire you because I discovered you do something at home, very arbitrarily, I don't like. Do you feel this is justified because you were told upfront that your conduct at home was under scrutiny and you signed? Or do you feel that 'at home conduct' clauses should not be allowed to be considered in your employment agreement?
May 22 2013: "There can be no clause in an employment agreement that makes religious preference a consideration in dismissal or denying employment"
you see, that is a problem. that goes against the freedom of contract, and thus immoral. in any reasonable free society, employers can fire employees without giving a even a hint of a reason. if i feel uncomfortable with my employer controlling my private life, i leave. if i'm okay with it, i don't want the state or you to interfere.
May 22 2013: Krisztian, are you saying that having people protected from religious discrimination in employment 'is a problem' and 'immoral'? If so, I have nothing to respond. Thanks for participating.May 22 2013: yes, i claim that. if an employer is so deeply religious that he does not want to work with atheists, it is perfectly fine. if an employer is so atheist and anti-religious that he does not want to work with religious people, it is also fine.May 19 2013: R H
Your conduct is your business as long as it is legal.
When it becomes otherwise, it is subject to justice.
In a sense you are indeed owned. Geographically
you are owned by a powerful government who claims
authority over you and the space you occupy. You
are a slave. Plain and simple.
When you find yourself well enough armed to dispute
your status, do so, if you want to. Until then accept
reality. Or find a Federal Judge to agree with you.
When you do, please let us all know.
R H, Please, no more responses. I am at home, alone. LOLMay 19 2013: TED
Thank you TED for giving R H a platform to provide us all with his entertaining debate.
I am still laughing, as I surmise R H is also.
Sometimes we all take things a bit to seriously.
Thank you R H. You made my day.May 19 2013: R H
For some reason, TED didn't put the little 'reply' thingy up there.
So this is in response to your "That's the rub, isn't it?" response.
Yes, you have a choice R H. That is your Civil Right. Your choice.
Yes you can choose not to work for large successful profitable
companies because they can exercise their right to, effectively,
control your personal life. That is your Civil Right. Your choice.
Now I see you are moving your argument to losing your 'civil liberties'.
How is your livelihood threatened R H?
Is this a ploy to keep a conversation going?
Making it into an echo?
Quit Whining.
Accept defeat. Your Toast.May 19 2013: Can you be a bit more specific ?
What I know is that Code of Conduct of most BIG companies are aligned with UN Global Compact which covers many aspects like Human Rights, Women Empowerment, Child Labor, Minimum Wage, Responsibility to Environment etc ...keeping those aside lets talk about something very specific to individual company...
Say any company expects "Data Privacy" of it's data from it's employee.
Does it mean employee will protect it's data during her/his work time only , rest of the time being her/his private , s/he will use her Civil Right to disclose those ?
May 19 2013: Thanks for responding. I would respond by saying proprietary corporate data has nothing to do with civil rights. What is the interpretation of 'conduct'? Whatever the company wants to determine it is. Who I associate with, what groups I choose to join, what public protests I choose to participate in, what sexual proclivities I may have, whether or not I'm arrested for civil disobedience, what I say on 'Facebook' type private social networks, etc. Civil rights, my 'conduct' - especially on my personal time (it is not 'free' time, by the way. I'm always 'free') - is my business and has nothing to do with job performance. The 'UN Global Compact' are 'human' rights issues, not civil. in my opinion.
May 21 2013: You are welcome.
Understand your point. While referring to "Data Privacy" my intention is not limited to Proprietary Data. Do you consider day to day business information to be proprietary ?
Freedom of Speech falls in the domain of Civil Right in my opinion.....Corporate world is target of media and also legal professional. I am not saying that what corporate world is doing are all right. Corporate world is part of our greed based societal model no doubt about it. They don't want to fall prey with out a valid reason.
Once a negative media or law suit is there in any court due to any of it's employee , the damage is already done. Later they can win the law suit or counter act negative media to explain their stand but what lost is lost. As a result corporate world instinctively wants to protect it from such exposure that's the reason of so many Code of Conduct kind of thing is in place.
But it's individual's freedom whether to join there or not as already told my other posters here.
Have a good day.
May 21 2013: Thank you again for a balanced reply. If you noted in my first reply, I gave some examples of the type of 'civil rights' I'm referring to. Anything having to do with divulging corp info would not fall under my definition of 'civil rights' protection. Only personal activities that could be interpreted as 'harming the reputation of the corp image' are suspect here, such as: participating in protests, entries on Facebook, minor arrests, sexual preferences, etc. These I would interpret as 'civil rights', and outside a company's right to threaten my employment. Now, in my opinion, the argument that I have a 'choice' whether or not to 'choose' to work with a particularly restrictive 'code of conduct' company is similar to saying (for example) I can 'choose' to change my religion to work with that same company - which of course is now a consideration that's against the law, but wasn't until very recently. I believe my personal 'choices' of living style and exercised liberties is a parallel argument. But again, this is a friendly debate, and I'm just trying to clarify my point. I have yet to see an argument that explains why the exercise of personal liberties, in similar categories I've described, should be considered 'not-civil rights', and a legitimate reason for dismissal from employment - other than I can choose to work there or not, which does not address the issue. I hope I'm not coming across as 'whining'. Oh brother.May 18 2013: I wonder what interpretation of the contract is valid under the law. Surely there are behaviors that are outside the bounds of what employers have a right to demand and that it would depend on your role in the company. Lots of companies discontinue their relationships with people who commit crimes, for example, or perhaps even are under investigation for crimes. This seems to be legal.
But it seems it ought also to matter whether you are the official spokesperson or official image of the company, like OJSimpson was for one of the rental car companies, or whether you are part of an internal department in which you as you walk down the street are not actually in the public eye a representative of the company.May 18 2013: R H,
let me first say, I really admire your conviction.
Ok, getting into debate mode...
Big companies have big secrets. God forbid their employers were to act in any way human, and share an opinion or possess a state of mind or anything during work hours! No, that kind of thing is not acceptable. If only robots would hurry up and get invented, they'd have no worries...
Because, what do big companies fear most? Not bankruptcy, because someone will bail them out. No, they fear losing their 'edge', the thing that sets them apart. When their employees leave the office, there goes their Big Brother position. What will that employee say to someone else about what goes on in the office? Who knows how the other businesses are tapping into information... An employee will talk, if the price is right... Loyalty, shmoyalty.
Once you sign that contract, you sign away your identity. No matter where you are, or what you're doing, your top priority is not you, not your family, not even your job - it's the all-seeing omnipresent thing called 'the place you work for'. You are where you work.
May 18 2013: This why it's a 'civil rights' issue. 'Loyalty' has become serfdom, and freedom, that so many have died to insure, is undermined. Yet, where are the patroits to defend us? Where are our 'representatives'? They are in the board rooms, strategizing for the next campaign fundraiser.
May 19 2013: R H
I took the State of Arizona to Federal Court on a Civil Right's issue, and I won.
They had cheated by treating me badly a number of different ways during their
law suit with myself.
Never got a dime back for my Attorney Fees from Arizona courts.
They guard the money well. Once they have it, you don't get it.
You will find it tough to find a Federal Judge to allow you into his courtroom
with this kind of issue. Call it 'civil rights', but you are wrong.May 19 2013: R H
Next time you have a contract to sign. Read it, mull it over, then draw a line through
those parts you disagree with. Initial and date the ends of the lines, sign it, if you
were going to, and hand it back for the other party to sign. Make sure you get a
signed copy, before you leave.
The shock value is worth the deed.
May 19 2013: That's the rub, isn't it? Since employment is 'at will', we have 'a choice'. Our choice is not to work for large successful profitable companies because they can exercise their right to, effectively, control my personal life. So if I am qualified to get, and want, a great job, I potentially could lose civil liberties. And that's my 'choice', to have my livelihood threatened at the expense of civil liberty. Shouldn't that be against the law?May 18 2013: When you say employment is "at will," you are not indicating that employment is the route to money income that is essential for food, shelter,....i.e., staying alive. Face it, the job market is a slave market. Sometimes there is nice office decor for distraction from the fact that you give up your freedom for wages that are necessary to buy the car that takes you to the place where hours of your life are sold for survival. Let's re-design ALL SOCIETAL SYSTEMS to cause a health, happy, fulfilling, self-actualizing life for all earthlings. The current systems are failing to provide sufficient health and happiness for the vast majority of the world's population. Anything positive is possible. HAPPY TODAY.
May 18 2013: I see your point. Well, i guess we could all ' live off the land', and excercise our choice of peaceful resistance. Yea right.
May 18 2013: Perhaps there are infinite alternatives. No need to settle for what is, if it is not working well. What percentage of the world's population lives in satisfactory circumstances under the current way of doing business? Why continue using methods proven not to work effectively and efficiently? Open, open, open to positive new possibilities for co-creating goods and services and a healthy, happy world population. We can do that. Let's just let go of the erroneous ways of our ancestors instead of repeating their mistakes. POWER TO THE POSITIVE!


text:
Looking Inside Jennifer Love Hewitt's "Box"
Of course, I had to make that joke. Someone was going to, anyway. I might as well. Vagina. Now it's out of the way.
And now for the review: The newest celebrity comic, "Jennifer Love Hewitt's Music Box" is, as you've probably guessed, not a very good comic. But it mig


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Hello everyone,
I've read about the Regimen long time ago, and I actually used kind of variation of it, and it really helped keep my acne at the bay. Afterwards, I quitted using it because I was too lazy to apply bp gel and every day. It didn't become bad after I quitted, but acne on my cheeks became slighly worse. Although, acne on my forehead, nose and chin has completely disappeared and never came back. Also the left cheek looks okay with only occasional blemishes at the bottom of it along the jaw line,while my right cheek is pretty bad.
So I decided to follow a new variation of the regimen.
Morning - nothing, no water, no nothing (I'm actually very lazy in the morning, all I can force myself to do is to wash my hair).
Night - cleanser, bp lotion on my right cheek and jawline of left cheek. No moisturizer because I hate them.
Does it look like a good kind of regimen?
Also what if i don't use any cleanser at all. It would be easier to just rinse with water before applying bp.
Please Estimate My Variation Of The Regimen.
Started by RussianEagle, Dec 05 2012 02:58 AM
2 replies to this topic
Posted 05 December 2012 - 03:04 AM
Posted 05 December 2012 - 07:28 AM
Hi..some people just okay with the use of only water to wash face. For me, i do use a cleanser (cetaphil gentle cleanser) because it is free-soap type. And yeah i live in tropical country, so water is not enough for my face, totally not! Lol. But it does depends on your daily activities too. Anyway, for me, moisturize our face is one of the important step after applying the bp. Although i do have the oily skin but after applying the bp, my skin really needs the moisture. i use appricot oil free spf 15 moisturizer.
hey i hope this does help a little (:
hey i hope this does help a little (:
Posted 05 December 2012 - 08:31 AM
The Regimen works best if it's followed exactly as Dan suggests.
We're all in this together.
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Nb: infants must be under the age of 2 and
children must be under the age of 12 at the time of
Located in an ideal spot in La Tania, these apartments are virtually ski to door. From the residence you can ski down to the lifts and ski back on Les Folyères, a blue piste. It is just 3 minutes' walk to the village centre and all the amenities.
All have kitchenette with microwave, dishwasher, fridge, ceramic hob and electric coffee machine, bathroom, separate WC, TV and balcony. Bed linen and local taxes included. Towels not included.Type C apts - sleep 2-4: living area with a double pull-out bed. Twin bedroom.Type D apts - sleep 2-5: are larger than Type C, with an extra pull-out bed in the lounge and a sauna.
Iglu acts as a travel agent for disclosed principals/tour operators, further details
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be bound by the tour operators terms and conditions.
Prices are shown for a basic room or unit, can be subject to change and are indicative
until time of booking. Please call on 020 8544 7114 for prices for other travel
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Prices shown are per person per week based on maximum occupancy. Descriptions and
quality ratings are provided by the Tour Operator (or one of the Tour Operators
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Oregon Administrative Rules (OARs)
The Oregon Administrative Rules (OARs) are published by Kate Brown, Oregon Secretary of State. ORS 183.310(9) defines "rule" as "any agency directive, standard, regulation or statement of general applicability that implements, interprets or prescribes law or policy, or describes the procedure or practice requirements of any agency." To review OARs please click here.
Community & Provider Services (CAPS)3876 Beverly Ave NE Bldg G, Salem, OR 97305(503) 585-4977 fax (503) 361-2782


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Time12:00 PM
to 4:00 PM
Location [Map It]St. Louis Artists' Guild
Two Oak Knoll Park
St. Louis, MO 63105
United States
ContactAdrian Aquilino
Phone: 3147276266
For an entire year, William Kyle Davis drew a small still life everyday. Each drawing uses the same method and materials - ink on cotton paper. The resulting series is an exploration of the objects that populate our modern world.


text: The McDevitt Center Programs and Initiatives Internship Grants Program "Hi-Caliber Internships: Enriching Education and Launching Remarkable Careers" From its inception, a central focus of the McDevitt Center has been integrating, promoting, and supporting a full spectrum of experiential learning and the kinds of co-curricular programs that dramatically enhance student engagement and learning. Read more... I. Overview From its inception, a central focus of the McDevitt Center has been integrating, promoting, and supporting a full spectrum of experiential learning and the kinds of co-curricular programs that dramatically enhance student engagement and learning. Hi-caliber internships are among the most important of these co-curricular programs. They provide students with significant work experience (involving real responsibility and initiative) that is related to their academic program of study and tied to their professional goals. As such, these internships enrich education and help launch remarkable careers. However, many high quality internships—and, indeed, many of the most highly prized—are unpaid. Too often, then, students of modest means face a painful choice: either decline a valuable summer internship in order to earn money or accept the internship and add to a heavy burden of student debt. In recognition of the critical value of quality, unpaid internships for our students, their departments, and Le Moyne College as a whole, the McDevitt Center is launching a major new initiative to begin in 2012-2013: The McDevitt Internship Grant Program. This program will enhance Le Moyne's support for student internships, especially in the liberal arts, by providing grants of $3,000 each to twenty students/year who are majoring in Computer Science, Management/Information Systems, Philosophy/Religious Studies, and Physics and who secure high-quality, unpaid internships. II. Eligibility and Program Outline In keeping with the terms of the McDevitt will, the program is open to students in Computer Science, Management/Information Systems, Philosophy/Religious Studies, and Physics. Each of these McDevitt disciplinary areas will be eligible for five grants of $3,000/year: 5/year in Computer Science; 5/year in Management/Information Systems; 5/year in Philosophy/Religious Studies; 5/year in Physics. No disciplinary area will be awarded more than 5 grants per year. The Office of Career Advising and Development will develop an application process and facilitate the review of applications. In general, preference will be given to upper-division students who have secured high-quality internships and who have not previously been awarded a McDevitt grant. However, the academic departments or programs will be an integral part of the review process and will be invited to recommend student applicants based on criteria they individually develop. In keeping with its ultimate responsibility for the expenditure of McDevitt funds, a committee formed by the McDevitt Center will review and provide final approval for any grant award. III. Program Duration and Goals The McDevitt Internship Grant Program is intended as a demonstration or pilot program, which will be funded through the McDevitt Center for an initial period of 3-4 years. Its primary goals include: i. Supporting the departments and programs associated with the McDevitt gift by enabling some of their most deserving students to accept hi-quality, unpaid internships that will enrich their education and help launch their remarkable careers; ii. Enhancing Le Moyne's support for student internships especially among students in the liberal arts who often face difficulty in securing high-quality, paid internships. iii. Leveraging the McDevitt gift and helping to ensure its campus-wide impact by using this demonstration program to build a robust portfolio of student internship "success stories" that will help various campus offices and constituencies to raise independent, non-McDevitt funds to create a broader and even more robust internship grant program open to students across the college. McDevitt-Core Professorship and Pre-Doctoral Fellowship The McDevitt Center at Le Moyne College will sponsor an ongoing set of "Trasformations" courses, to be identified as "Core 400m" and organized in relationship to the ongoing lecture series designed by the McDevitt Core Professor working with the various McDevitt Chairs. The purpose of these lectures and this course is to enrich the life of the college by involving students and faculty in the events and lectures tied to the McDevitt Chairs and, by so doing, to help bring distinction to the chairs, enhance their value for Le Moyne College, and raise Le Moyne's national and international profile. Read more... Details of the chair's duties, remuneration and requirements... An application may be obtained from Ms. Kathryn Hennigan, Adminstrative Assistant for the McDevitt Center (x6200, email@example.com). Please direct any questions to Dr. Thomas Brockelman (Director of the Core Curriculum) or Dr. Steven Affeldt (Director of the McDevitt Center). Science and Religion in Modern America If science bears witness to the timeless human desire to understand the universe and our place within it, the enduring power of religion testifies to the insufficiency of science alone to fully satisfy this longing. While this situation calls for thoughtful consideration of the respective roles of both science and religion in the human search for meaning and understanding, it has too often produced the kinds of uncomprehending antagonism between the two that mark the intellectual, social, and political landscape of the contemporary United States. Read more... Against this background, the McDevitt Chair in Religious Philosophy and the McDevitt Center at Le Moyne College are pleased to announce a major, two-year initiative devoted to "Science and Religion in Modern America." This initiative will bring eminent scholars from the sciences and the humanities to the Le Moyne College campus in order to share their reflections on relationships between science and religion with the campus community, members of other regional academic and religious institutions, and the public. By embodying Le Moyne's Catholic and Jesuit belief in the unity of all knowledge, we hope that "Science and Religion in Modern America" will provide a compelling example of, and model for, informed and respectful conversation about these vital issues. I. Intellectual Rationale Modern cosmology—like ancient cosmologies, cosmogonies and mythologies—bears witness to the immense power which drives humans in our continuous search for a deeper understanding of the universe and our place in it. And, like their ancient predecessors, our modern scientific efforts also bear witness to the insufficiency of our search for understanding and hence to the need for something or someone "out there," beyond ourselves. From time immemorial we have sought this further understanding in a person with whom we could converse, someone who shared our capacity to love and be loved and also our desire to understand and to accomplish. Against the general background of this human search for meaning, "Science and Religion in Modern America" will engage the following questions: To what extent can our scientific knowledge influence our most basic human quest for understanding and love within the context of religious belief? and To what extent can our religious beliefs influence our search for scientific knowledge? Our questions challenge several prevailing trends in contemporary academia and society. For the most part, scientific, religious, and other approaches to the search for the meaning of life are pursued in isolation from one another. Furthermore, when these different approaches do meet, they too often meet as uncomprehending antagonists or, when the encounter is more amicable, it takes place at an unhelpfully general level. Recently, however, there has been an increasing appreciation of the need for civil and informed dialogue among science and religion in the quest for life's meaning. "Science and Religion in Modern America" will bring many of the leading voices in this dialogue to Le Moyne College in order to share their most recent reflections on these vital issues with our students, faculty, and the wider community. By involving both humanists and scientists, this initiative will enrich teaching and learning across campus, will express our Catholic and Jesuit conviction in the unity of knowledge, and will bring increased prominence to Le Moyne as a center for serious inquiry into enduring human questions. II. Scope and Nature of the Initiative We hope that this two-year initiative (2012-2014) will engage and excite the entire Le Moyne College community, will draw involvement from Le Moyne alumni and the greater Syracuse/Central New York community, and will enhance Le Moyne's regional and national visibility and standing. The central pillars of the initiative are a three semester series of nine, high-profile evening lectures by eminent scholars, and a concluding conference to be held at Le Moyne in the spring of 2014. All of these events will be digitally recorded and made available on the McDevitt Center website. Furthermore, the lectures and conference presentations will be collected to form a book that will be published by a major academic press. In addition to these central pillars, the initiative includes vital dimensions designed to enhance the involvement of the entire campus community. First, the initiative will include a spectrum of planned events allowing Le Moyne students and faculty to interact with the visiting speakers. These will range from informal dinners and lunches with faculty and students to visits with classes, interdisciplinary seminars, and other interested groups of students. Most importantly, the Center will work with all interested college departments and faculty to develop ways of integrating this initiative into courses and/or other programs with and for students. Second, the Center will invite and support selected proposals from Le Moyne faculty and students for research projects, creative work, or other initiatives that complement and enhance the central initiative. The breadth of this initiative allows for a wide range of complementary projects. For example, projects may involve: scientific evolution and intelligent design; ethical problems in health care; the problem of physical and moral evil; Jesuit spirituality and academic theology; neurobiology and free will; time in physics and in theology; the history of religious fundamentalism in America; religion and the environment, production of dramatic works such as Galileo or Copenhagen, and much more. Science, Technology, and Information: 'Grand Challenges' Call for Proposals In Academic Year 2013-2014, the McDevitt Center for Creativity and Innovation, in partnership with the McDevitt Chair in Information Systems, will sponsor broad research and teaching initiatives focused on 'grand challenges;' areas of enduring challenge and critical importance that are worthy of serious scholarship and investigation as well as appropriate venues for long-term research, programming, investment, and exploration. Read More... By their nature, these 'grand challenges' often involve many disciplines and traverse system boundaries; they have the potential to impact large populations; and they have significant impacts on vulnerable (at risk) populations. Solutions to these challenges, even small solutions, advance the state-of-the-art or a discipline and thus provide a significant contribution to both social and scholarship domains. Examples of 'grand challenge' research areas include efforts to improve and enhance critical infrastructure, advancing health informatics, and securing cyberspace (National Academies, 2010). Examples of 'grand challenge' initiatives include research that focuses on: "….developing machines that better people's lives and can communicate with humans on human terms (i.e., plain language and voice); exploring Mars; establishing scheduled space tourism; solving the [living and transportation] congestion problems already confronting much of the world; and balancing the benefits of new technological accomplishments with the invasions of individual privacy that many new developments will undoubtedly generate (micro-video recorders, human implantable micro-storage devices, engineered plants and animals, etc.) In fact, some of engineering's greatest challenges may well prove to reside in the field of ethics (Augustine, 2010). The McDevitt Center for Creativity and Innovation and the McDevitt Chair in Information Systems invite proposals from disciplines across the college for teaching, programmatic, research and exploratory efforts in academic year 2013-2014 focused on 'grand challenges.' In 2013-2014, the McDevitt Chair in Information Systems will fund several student research projects and organize two symposia described below: McDevitt Chair in Information Systems Student Research Projects, 2013-2014 Next generation computing user interfaces that may redefine our sense of self, technology and the other, using Google Glass, Global enterprise technology initiatives examining ethical and technical issues of human and technology load balancing in large-scale data warehouse applications, and privacy and security issues associated with analysis of health information systems exchanges and big data sets, and Scientific, human, social, technology, political and organizational implications of Arctic oil exploration and spill response. Scheduled symposia Ethics in Large-Scale Disaster Response (October 2013), with the National Research Council's Disaster Roundtable, the U.S. Department of Homeland Security, the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), the International Red Cross, Google Disaster Response, Virginia Polytechnic Institute Crisis and Disaster Management Institute, and Future High Reliability Organizations and Risk Management (Spring 2014), with the University of California, Berkeley's High Reliability Organization/Center for Catastrophic Risk Management, Vanderbilt University, United Airlines, the U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), the U.S. Navy, the Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunications (SWIFT), Shell Americas and Statoil. Proposals for research projects, programs, seminars, and other initiatives from members of the Le Moyne community need not be directly connected with these specific efforts. They must, however, demonstrate that they: (1) meet the criteria of 'grand challenges' as specified above; (2) are importantly connected to one or more of the McDevitt disciplines (Computer Science, Information Systems, Physics, and Religious Philosophy); and (3) will positively impact a wide constituency including Le Moyne faculty, students, and the broader community. Applications For information about submitting proposals and applying for funding, contact Steven G. Affeldt, Director McDevitt Center for Creativity and Innovation 442 Reilly Hall firstname.lastname@example.com References Augustine, N. 2012. Norm Augustine on the Nature of Challenges. National Academy of Engineering, National Academies. http://www.engineeringchallenges.org/cms/7125/8289.aspx, retrieved 6 April 2013. National Academies. 2010. Grand Challenges in Engineering. http://www.engineeringchallenges.org/cms/7125/8289.aspx, retrieved 7 November 2011.


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Jason Aldean, Luke Bryan, Florida Georgia Line, Hunter Hayes and Tim McGraw will be honored in Nashville tonight as CMT Artists of the Year.
This is the fourth year the network will recognize its top artists, but this will be the first time the ceremony will air live on television.
Ron White will host the 90-minute special from Nashville's Music City Center, which also will feature appearances and performances from Alabama, Dierks Bentley, Peter Frampton, Lady Antebellum, Train's Pat Monahan, actress Hayden Panettiere, Lionel Richie, Travis Tritt, Cassadee Pope and Dwight Yoakam.
The show is at 7 p.m. on CMT.


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The Circa is distinctive in its beauty and grace. It lends the perfect finish to almost any door. This interior pack would work perfectly with your 800 series handleset.
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This Kwikset item can also be referenced by the following color/finish specific model #:
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Venetian Bronze
*Discontinued model or finish
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Installation Resource Center
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Performance Tips
Return To Top
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text: Front View larger USA Spec iPod® Interface for BMW Connects your iPod to select BMW factory radios Item #: 581PA12BMW 28 Reviews This item is no longer available. Original Price: $149.99 Shop all iPod® Adapters for Factory Radios Need help? 1.888.955.6000 Email Chat Ask an expert advisor No pressure, no commission — just lots of good advice from our highly trained staff. Overview Reviews Details by Robert Ferency-Viars You have a factory radio in your BMW, but that doesn't mean you have to leave your iPod at home. Install USA Spec's iPod interface and listen to your favorite tunes through your car's speakers. You can control song selection, and up to five different playlists right from the radio, including shuffle mode. The interface also charges your iPod while it's connected. And with your iPhone® connected, you can even stream music from popular Internet services like PANDORA®, Livio Radio, iHeartRadio, and more. Please enter your vehicle information or call an Advisor at 1-888-955-6000 to find out if this adapter is compatible with your vehicle. The iPod interface uses the CD changer port, so any existing changer that you have must be disconnected. Compatibility Note: Be sure to check "Details" for specific iPod model compatibility with this iPod adapter. Product Highlights:iPod connection adapter for select BMW factory stereostrack up/down, fast-forward, reverse, and shuffle playuse up to five playlists (select five favorites, or Auto Playlist will let you choose from the first five on your iPod)when iPhone is connected, you can stream tunes from popular Internet services like PANDORA®, Livo Radio, and iHeartRadioDual Mode lets you control everything via the iPod itself, giving you access to all playlistscompatible with all iPod and iPod mini models equipped with a dock connector and iPod software update 2004-04-28, or higherauxiliary input (RCA connectors) for another audio sourcewarranty: 1 yearOur 60-day money-back guarantee USA Spec iPod® Interface for BMW Reviews Average Customer Review: 28 reviews Review this product Submit a review and then enter to win a $350 rewards card Filter by rating: 5 Star: (0) 4 Star: (0) 3 Star: (0) 2 Star: (0) 1 Star: (0) Review this product: Thanks for taking the time to share your experiences about this product. Please be sure to focus your comments on the product itself. Read our Review Guidelines for more information. Review title * Email Your email won't be visible. Please use the email address that is associated with your order. Display name (e.g., JohnD) Your review will be signed using the display name and location * Your location (e.g., Charlottesville, VA) * Your rating Click on a star to rate the overall product on a scale of 1-5 1500 characters left * Your review Attach a YouTube Review Crutchfield Video Review Guidelines Only submit videos that you made or are authorized to use. Do not submit videos that contain music, video or visuals that are copyrighted and belong to someone else. Please see our Review Guidelines for more information. Enter the URL of your YouTube™ video review or product demonstration. e.g., "http://www.youtube.com/v/o79TWHh598U" 500 characters left Pros 500 characters left Cons * Agree to Terms By checking this box you agree your review becomes the property of Crutchfield, that you are over 18 years of age, that you own or have owned this product, and that you are located within the United States or its territories. Please see our Review Guidelines for more information. We reserve the right (but are not obligated to) review all submissions and edit or remove any review in any manner which we deem necessary. Your review should be posted within seven days. Easy & clean installation with excellent sound Written By vcs1225, Earlysville, VA on Tuesday, August 05, 2014 Unit was a simple plug and play (two cables with clear instructions). Replaced OEM trunk CD player in 2000 BMW 528i using an older, unneeded iPhone as an "iPod Touch". Sound is much better than my previous cassette adapter and vastly better and easier than a FM modulator. Charges iPhone so that the cigarette lighter power adapter wiring is also eliminated. Pros: Easy of installation and sound quality. Cons: Cannot display titles/playlist names in older model BMW's (minor compared to pros). Was this review helpful? Yes No Muy fácil... Very easy Written By Wilberto V, Aguada, Puerto Rico on Saturday, August 31, 2013 Crutchfield Customer Review (What's this?) Excelente... Preciso... Fácil de usar... Funciona perfectamente con diferentes modelos de iPod y con mi iPhone 5 (se necesita el Apple® LightningT to 30-pin cable para ser conectado). Definitivamente es un articulo que todo dueño de BMW/Mini que tenga un iPod o iPhone debe tener. Excellent.Precise.Easy to use.It functions perfectly with different models of IPods and with my IPhone 5 (you need the Apple Lightning to 30-pin cable for it to be connected). This is definitely an item that every owner of a BMW/Mini with an IPod or IPhone should have. Pros: Fácil de instalar, con simplemente leer las instrucciones se comprende la labor a realizarse. Cero ruidos de cables sueltos o mal conectados, prácticamente es una conexión Conectar/Usar. Easy to install, all you need to do is read the instructions to understand what steps you need to follow. Zero noise due to loose or poorly connected cables, it is practically a plug and play connection. Cons: Para una instalación estilo profesional es necesario remover algunas piezas del interior para colocar los cables de forma no visible. If you want a professional looking installation you need to remove some interior pieces in order to place the cables in a way that they are not visible. Crutchfield response on Tuesday, September 03, 2013 Translation provided by Crutchfield's Spanish Sales & Support team. Visit our new Spanish-language site at www.crutchfieldenespanol.com: Was this review helpful? Yes No Great product Written By Bob S, Las Vegas, NV on Saturday, May 25, 2013 Crutchfield Customer Review (What's this?) I was hesitant to pick this up as I saw cheaper products available. But this is quality hardware and software. There's really no technical expertise necessary, other than taking off the left interior panel of the trunk and deciding how you want to run the wires into the cabin. I actually ran the cable through the little hole in the center of the rear seat back and then under the rear seat, to the left side of the floor, and then under the driver's seat to the handbrake area. The actual module is sitting under the driver's seat for easy access.I know there are slicker ways to do it, but I don't see the cable, and it's easily accessible at the cup holder. Function: This works as well or better than the factory MDI connection on my 2013 Jetta. This is more convenient, and I'm able to see the songs scroll on the radio display. The easiest way to do it is to create 4 or 5 playlists, called BMW1, BMW2, etc. When you select the CD changer input on your radio console, you are able to skip between playlists (just like you would skip between CD's if it were the actual CD changer). Then within that playlist, you can skip between songs, etc, just like on a CD. It remembers where the song is paused on the iPod or iPhone when you change inputs, or when you turn the car off. Very slick. The sound is actually better than any other input on the system (radio, CD, etc.). Extremely happy with the product, as is my daughter, with her iPhone 5 (just need the lightning adapter). Pros: Works extremely well Cons: Have to run a cable yourself from the trunk to the cabin. 2 out of 2 people found this helpful Was this review helpful? Yes No USA Spec iPod® Interface for BMW Written By Guy, Alpharetta GA on Wednesday, January 16, 2013 Works exactly as described. Took less than 5 minutes, I used an old Itouch and left the whole setup in the trunk. Works great! My setup - 2003 525i without Nav and without CD changer. Plug and Play for real !! Just plan your music into 4 main playlists and call them BMW1 thru 4 this assigns to BMW radio button 1 thru 4 BMW radio buton #5 plays "all songs" on your divice and BMW radio button # 6 puts the divice into what USA-Spec calls direct mode, used for Pandora etc... Pros: To many to list... Cons: None 5 out of 5 people found this helpful Was this review helpful? Yes No USA Spec PA12 Written By DavidR, Lewisburg, WV on Wednesday, December 05, 2012 Crutchfield Customer Review (What's this?) I had been searching for a way to listen to my thousands of songs on my iPod in our 2001 BMW 325xi without breaking the bank. After the install, I've got 2 words to say: AWE-SOME. Pros: Quality product, easy to install, simple operation, quick access to songs (starts playing immediately), NO unsightly dangling cords on the dash stereo, very good sound quality AND Artist/Song Title are displayed! Very Happy with this! Cons: NONE 1 out of 1 people found this helpful Was this review helpful? Yes No USA SPEC iPod interface Written By Tom P, Boulder, CO on Friday, October 05, 2012 Crutchfield Customer Review (What's this?) This seems to be a quality product that is simple to install and use and was much less expensive than what my local car stereo installer offered. Well worth the price. Pros: It is simple, user friendly and works out of the box (I already miss Steve Jobs) Simple install using YouTube videos, which were invaluable for routing cable and locating unit. Gives me access to some 5500 songs, podcasts, and books in my car, as opposed to the one CD I used to leave in for 6 months at a time. Cons: Would like it to have some sort of shuffle option for the playlists set on the preset buttons. But Direct play using the iPod itself as the controller does allow total control. Was this review helpful? Yes No Great product!! Written By FrankD, Shawnee, KS on Saturday, August 04, 2012 Crutchfield Customer Review (What's this?) I had this unit professionally installed in y 2004 BMW Z4 and hooked up to my Gen4 iPod, just to make sure everything was connected to what it was supposed to be connected to. Watching the installation I noted how easy it was and how it only took the tech 20 minutes, or so. Once in, the unit operates flawlessly. Playlist number and song number scroll clearly along with song title and artist--and all this in Spanish (I like Latin pop). Steering wheel controls work as they are supposed to, and that was a bonus I did not expect. The sound seems sharper and clearer than the CDs that I had been playing before. The Crutchfield tech (Sparky) was extremely helpful during the buying and shipping process and went out of his way to make sure I had all the proper installation documentation in the event I decided to install it myself. Very satisfied with the USA SPEC PA12BMW and Crutchfield. Pros: Ease of installation, compatability and sound quality. Cons: None 3 out of 3 people found this helpful Was this review helpful? Yes No Excellent Written By EricY, Alexandria, VA on Monday, March 12, 2012 Crutchfield Customer Review (What's this?) Excellent option to enable ipod/iphone play within the e46 series. Installation was rather easy, locate the existing cables in the trunk and route the connection to underneath the dash. From there, just connect the actual adapter and iPod dongle. Took me about 90 minutes and it is totally transparent. to anyone but me. Pros: Works just as described. What more do you want? Retains original factory appearance. Easier and cheaper to install than a whole new stereo. Cons: Only one thing I would like to see, and that is an easier ability to search for a specific album/artist without having to create a playlist. 2 out of 2 people found this helpful Was this review helpful? Yes No USA SPEC PA12BMW Written By Maui Cruzer, Maui, Hi on Wednesday, March 07, 2012 Crutchfield Customer Review (What's this?) Best iPod interface for older BMW E46, works great in direct control from iPod or iPhone, but find it somewhat slower and difficult to control from stock head unit or steering wheel. Other than that sound is great plenty of bass on my BSW speakers also can use iPod EQ settings to choose best for your type of music. Crutchfield had these USA SPEC in back order for a week once they got it shipped it out on 2 day UPS, but I paid cheapest shipping opt.! When it comes to car audio stuff and accessories there is nobody better than Crutchfield in this business. Aloha Pros: Best sound and bass. Easy, fast control direct from Ipod, IPhone. Cons: Somewhat slower and difficult to control from stock head unit or steering wheel. 1 out of 1 people found this helpful Was this review helpful? Yes No USA Spec Ipod Interface for 2004 BMW 325CI Written By RayR, New Smyrna Beach FL on Monday, February 20, 2012 Crutchfield Customer Review (What's this?) The USA Spec Interface worked just as advertised. It was pretty straight forward to install. It took a little work running the cable form the trunk to the glove box, but it was not that hard. I was able to find YouTube videos showing the interface being installed on similar BMWs. Overall I am very pleased with the product and with Crutchfield.. 2 out of 2 people found this helpful Was this review helpful? Yes No Outstanding value and purchase Written By Frank, Oakland CA on Saturday, October 29, 2011 Crutchfield Customer Review (What's this?) Easy to install, works like a dream, keep your factory radio. The cord for the iPod is a little short but I mounted it under the rear seat and ran the cord into the center console. I have a '99 e36 convertible with a tape deck so there is no text display, but the head unit controls the iPod flawlessly and the memory feature is brilliant. No matter what playlist you are on it remembers and starts playing where you left off, even switching between playlists. Instructions on set up are clear and concise, though it took me a while to find the plug for the CD changer (it was plugged in the back of the changer, not in the left rear wheel well) but if you take away the searching for the plug time, the whole installation was less than 45 minutes. Pros: It works so much better than I expected and installation is a breeze Cons: iPod cord is a bit short. 1 out of 1 people found this helpful Was this review helpful? Yes No USA Spec iPod® Interface for BMW Written By mike, phoenix az on Tuesday, October 11, 2011 Crutchfield Customer Review (What's this?) my nephew and i were able to install this easy enough the only problem we encountered was hiding the cord to the front of car but we did figure it out had to go through the speaker hole. it is working fine, my wife loves it, iam the hero for the day thanks mike 2 out of 2 people found this helpful Was this review helpful? Yes No Iphone hookup for BWW X-5 Written By Slack, Shreveport on Friday, September 16, 2011 Crutchfield Customer Review (What's this?) The device works well. The only issue I have is there is really no place for the wire to hook to your iphone except to leave it under the front seat. There is a competing product that coverts the ashtray into a dock for the phone. Any kind of docking feature would be a nice option. The sound quality is great. I suggest you follow the instructions that come with the device, NOT the Crutchfield instructions. You do not have to remove the in dash radio, you only have to open the left rear side panel and plug into the connection intended for the cd changer, run the wire behind the seat and you are finished. 2 out of 2 people found this helpful Was this review helpful? Yes No Good product - non-trivial installation Written By Bob, Fairfax, Va on Monday, August 22, 2011 Crutchfield Customer Review (What's this?) Product works as advertised. There are no installation instructions supplied. I found instructions on the Internet for my BMW. Otherwise, I probably would have given up as it is not obvious how to route the cable from trunk to the cabin or how to remove seats and thread the cable to the front. It wasn't too hard once I had pictures of someone else doing it. 1 out of 1 people found this helpful Was this review helpful? Yes No Works Great and Installed Easily Written By Don P, Florence, KY on Saturday, August 20, 2011 Crutchfield Customer Review (What's this?) After waiting impatiently to get ipod capability in my 2005 BMW 3 series I finally ordered this product; I should have never waited as long as I did. The connector was exactly where the instruction book said it was and plugged right in with no problem. I ran the wire up through the center console and tucked the adapter behind the storage compartment in the center of the dash. Drilled two holes for the ipod and aux cables and done! Works great and no wires or ipod visible! I do recommend making playlists on your ipod because it defaults to the random play mode. 1 out of 1 people found this helpful Was this review helpful? Yes No USA Spec in X5 Written By Vince, Myrtle Beach, SC on Wednesday, July 27, 2011 Crutchfield Customer Review (What's this?) I have an '04 X5 with the Business CD, non-dsp. It took me about 15 minutes to disconnect the disc changer, plug the factory connectors to the interface cable and run it up the drivers side and under the drivers seat. Plugged the input and output cables to the interface and hooked up the iPod. I set up the playlists as suggested, and turned on the radio. Hit the mode button to select CD changer, and everything worked as advertised. Even got artist and song on the digital display below the speedometer. I love this thing! 2 out of 2 people found this helpful Was this review helpful? Yes No Easy to install Written By ChrisL, West Richland, WA on Monday, May 02, 2011 Crutchfield Customer Review (What's this?) the interface was very easy to install in my 2001 BMW 325i, and works as advertised. Was this review helpful? Yes No Great Written By Amanda, New York on Sunday, April 24, 2011 Crutchfield Customer Review (What's this?) This is great for my 2001 325 CI BMW. My MOM installed this in my car, and it works incredibly well. I simply added all of my songs to one playlist so that I can choose any song I want to listen to. This was the cheapest, least intrusive option for my automobile. I love it! Was this review helpful? Yes No Great Product Written By ilidio, Mountain View, CA on Wednesday, February 09, 2011 Crutchfield Customer Review (What's this?) I installed it in my 2004 BMW X3. Cable installation in the trunk is very simple. The only problem I went into was, by default, the factory connected the S. radio cable to the back of the stereo unit not the CD changer cable. (the white cable) I had to remove stereo unit and switch the cable back to CD changer cable. After that, it works great and sound is REALLY Great!!! Text display work great, steering wheel control the ipod is a plus~!! I love this product. I recommended this product!!! 1 out of 1 people found this helpful Was this review helpful? Yes No Nice Product Written By Thomas, Hilton Head, SC on Thursday, February 03, 2011 Crutchfield Customer Review (What's this?) I had this product installed in my 2001 330i with the Harman Kardon system a couple of weeks ago and it has worked flawlessly so far. Sound quality is really good, it skips songs without any delay and starts playing within 2 seconds of starting the car. Another feature that I like is that it bookmarks the last song played in any playlist. So when you get into the car the next day, it will resume playing the last song played the day before. Great buy, plus you can listen to other devices than an Ipod/ Iphone if you have an AUX input in your car. 1 out of 1 people found this helpful Was this review helpful? Yes No Nice IPOD interface Written By Tim, Covington, GA on Monday, January 10, 2011 Crutchfield Customer Review (What's this?) This device works fine. Install was straightforward. I ran the cable from the trunk up the driver side and tucked the unit behind the center console trim. The unit works fine, sound quality is good. My car is a 2001 with the business CD unit and I do not get text display from the IPOD adapter. I don't really care about that. The steering wheel controls work fine and I can still control the music from the IPOD too. Overall I am pleased with this. I have heard mixed reviews about the DICE unit. I think they can be finicky and require several trips to the trunk to unplug and replug the small connector to the CD changer cables to reset them. 1 out of 1 people found this helpful Was this review helpful? Yes No iPod in older BMW Written By Vacek, Wethersfield, CT on Thursday, October 21, 2010 Crutchfield Customer Review (What's this?) Installation went well. A bit of head scratching was required to get the cable from the back of the car to the front seat. Box went under the front seat and the iPod end of the cable was strung into the center console. iPod plugs in and just works! Having steering wheel control of the iPod just rocks. I would highly recommend this to any BMW owner without the factory iPod adapter. Well worth the money. 1 out of 1 people found this helpful Was this review helpful? Yes No Works fine Written By Mel, Fort Worth, TX on Friday, February 26, 2010 Crutchfield Customer Review (What's this?) For our 2006 BMW Z4 this does what my wife needs - plays her iPod's music through the factory head unit. It doesn't display song title or artist and the playlist mode is too complicated for her to desire to mess with, but she's happy, so I am. 1 out of 1 people found this helpful Was this review helpful? Yes No I like it. Don't like the user instructions Written By Brad, Pacific NW on Monday, January 18, 2010 Crutchfield Customer Review (What's this?) I installed this unit in my '06 Mini Cooper S. The sound is great and the install is pretty easy but takes some time. I have not tried to set up the playlists yet. Just playing through the Ipod library the radio and steering wheel controls work as expected. Song titles are displayed on the radio. I have tried it with a 3rd gen Nano, 2nd gen Itouch and Iphone. All worked well.Very happy so far. I would be incredibly easy to just leave the Ipod and everything in the right rear panel and the install would take 5 minutes. The install instructions are good but the instructions for setting up playlists and which radio buttons control which functions arenotvery good. As a side note, you could buy a new Ipod ready radio and the install would be a little easier than running the cable forward from the back and you would have better, easier Ipod control and more on screen info. 2 out of 2 people found this helpful Was this review helpful? Yes No USA Spec iPod® Interface for BMW Written By Michael, Kennesaw, GA on Wednesday, January 28, 2009 Crutchfield Customer Review (What's this?) I installed the PA12-BMW in my 2002 MINI Cooper S and use it with my iPhone. The unit sits behind the stock radio and plugs into the harness in the right hand rear compartment near the hatchback. The tricky part is the removal of trim panels and the back seat to run the cable alongside the existing wiring bundle. I followed the enclosed instructions as well as those that I found to install BMW's unit in order to get the correct location and size for a hole in the glovebox. The docking connector and cable are stored in the glovebox as is my iPhone when I'm playing music. The unit works great. In my MINI, I am limited to either manual or playlist mode (no Hybrid mode), but that is a limitation of my car stereo's head unit, not of the PA12. 1 out of 1 people found this helpful Was this review helpful? Yes No BMW 3 series IPOD interface Written By mchombeau, Portland, OR on Friday, January 18, 2008 Crutchfield Customer Review (What's this?) This worked great and was very easy to install once I found some videos on youtube showing how to find the plugin interface in the trunk. It's in the back left corner and you will need to take off the side covering to get at it. It works great with the stock stereo and is easy to use. You just need to create playlists named BMW1, BMW2, etc in itunes and then select them as if it where the CD changer. My wife loves it. 9 out of 10 people found this helpful Was this review helpful? Yes No USA Spec iPod® Interface for BMW Written By e_540, New York on Thursday, September 06, 2007 Crutchfield Customer Review (What's this?) I recently purchased the BMW PA-12 from Crutchfield. The install was simple & it works as advertised with a 1 GB iPOD Nano. Using the hybrid mode with 5 playlists - text scrolls (on front dash message area) & all controls work on a 2002 BMW 540i with Business CD radio. I didn't run the cables - both PA12 & iPOD are stashed in the CD changer area. Turn the car off, the iPOD pauses, gets charged then looks like it goes to sleep. Good product. 5 out of 5 people found this helpful Was this review helpful? Yes No iPod Text Display Written By Mitesh, Michigan on Thursday, August 23, 2007 Crutchfield Customer Review (What's this?) The product makes the following claim:"iPod Text: Artist name and song title information can be displayed on BMW's Business CD model radio."The claim depends on your radio's ability to display text. The product states that this function will work in 5 series BMW's from 1998-2003, but it doesn't work on mine (a 2001 530i). The Business CD radios for 5 series BMW's produced 2001 and before do not support text display. 23 out of 27 people found this helpful Was this review helpful? Yes No Hands-on research What's in the box? | In-depth notes What's in the box? Download owner's manual PA12-BMW iPod-to-BMW interface 72" iPod interface cable (CB-PA85) 15.75' Adapter-to-BMW radio interface (CDL-BMW) Owner's Manual Design Change Notice sheet Product Research Features Overview: This interface connects a compatible iPod to select BMW and Mini Cooper OEM audio systems (not compatible with BMW systems having navigation, DVD, satellite radio, CD changer, or DSP; please see "Outfit My Car" to confirm compatibility). Its on-board software translates commands from your factory radio's CD-changer controls into commands the iPod understands. This interface enables the iPod to take the place of a BMW CD-changer and provides the following benefits: Directs the iPod's audio output to your factory audio system for optimal sound quality Supports your iPhone's audio streaming apps, such as Pandora, Livio, iHeart Radio, SiriusXM & more (in Direct mode only). Controls the iPod via vehicle's radio and steering wheel controls (when applicable) Charges the iPod's internal battery; charging stops automatically one hour after the iPod is paused, the iPod goes into sleep mode when charging stops Note: Please consult the Crutchfield Car Selector to see if your vehicle is compatible. iPod Compatibility: The PA-12BMW is "Made for iPod/iPhone" compatible and supports the following iPod/iPhone model features when connected to a compatible BMW factory radio (as of 10/3/2013): iPod/iPhone Model Generation Tested Version Media Type Control Type Display Type Charge Audio Video Head Unit iPod/iPhone Song/Artist Text Track Info video 5th 1.3 Y N Y Y Y Y Y classic 80GB 1.1.2 Y N Y Y Y Y Y 120GB 2.0.1 Y N Y Y Y Y Y 160GB 2.0.4 Y N Y Y Y Y Y nano 1st 1.3.1 Y N Y Y Y Y Y 2nd 1.1.3 Y N Y Y Y Y Y 3rd 1.1.3 Y N Y Y Y Y Y 4th 1.0.4 Y N Y Y Y Y Y 5th 1.0.2 Y N Y Y Y Y Y 6th 1.2 PC Y N Y Y Y Y Y 7th* 1.2 Y N Y Y Y Y Y touch 1st 2.2.1 Y N Y Y Y Y Y 2nd 4.2.1 Y N Y Y Y Y Y 3rd 5.1.1 Y N Y Y Y Y Y 4th 6.1.3 Y N Y Y Y Y Y 5th* 7.0 Y N Y Y Y Y Y iPhone 2G 3.1.3 Y N Y Y Y Y Y 3G 4.2.1 Y N Y Y Y Y Y 3GS 5.1.1 Y N Y Y Y Y Y 4 7.0 Y N Y Y Y Y Y 4S 7.0 Y N Y Y Y Y Y 5* 7.0 Y N Y Y Y Y Y 5C* 7.0 Y N Y Y Y Y Y 5S* 7.0 Y N Y Y Y Y Y iPad 1 5.0.1 N N N N N N N 2 7.0 N N N N N N N 3 7.0 N N N N N N N 4 7.0 N N N N N N N mini 7.0 N N N N N N N Notes: *Requires Apple Lightning to 30-pin Adapter cable (472LTN230P, sold separately). Apple iPod/iPhone software updates may change functionality results. If you download a newer software version, you may need to reset the head unit and your iPod/iPhone to regain functionality. If this doesn't work, you may need to wait until a newer software update is available. Modes of Operation: The PA12-BMW provides two operation modes: Direct Mode: all control functions on your iPod are available, you can search and select music on your iPod directly just as you would when using it as a portable unit, you can also still use the track up down, fast forward and reverse button on your radio to control music playback Dual Mode: the iPod is operated and controlled like a factory CD changer, you can access up to five playlists on the iPod, in Hybrid mode the controls on the iPod are also active (May be referred to as Hybrid Mode in the manual.) App Streaming (in Direct Mode): Direct mode also lets you listen to the sound from your iPhone's downloaded music apps (such as Pandora, iHeart Radio, SiriusXM, etc.) through your factory head unit & speakers. You will continue to control your iPhone's apps & view song/artist i from its touchscreen. Note: Your iPhone will need an active Data Plan account with connection to the Internet via 3G, EDGE, or WiFi. You will also need applicable music service accounts. iPod Text: Artist name and song title information can be displayed on BMW's Business CD model radio. iPod Playback: All audio tracks on the iPod will be played at Disc 6. The track order is determined by the default order on the iPod. Selecting discs 1 through 5 on the factory radio will allow playback of 5 playlists on the iPod if the Aux Input is not used. You can select a playlist by pressing the Disc Up or Disc Down buttons. Playlist Names: In order for the adapter/factory radio to recognize a playlist, it must be named BMW1... through BMW5... Text can follow the BMW name and number, such as BMW3_artistname or BMW2-jazz. For a given disc slot (1-5), if there is no playlist named BMW followed by that number, that disc slot will not be available. Auxiliary Input: In addition to the iPod input on the PA12-BMW there is an auxiliary input (stereo RCA) for use with another source, such as a DVD system, satellite radio, or game system. The aux input is selected at CD 6 Track 1 using the factory radio controls. This aux input can be used with or without the iPod connected. Note: When the Aux input is used, the "All Tracks" playlist is moved to Disc 5, and playlist "BMW5" is lost. Controls: The factory radio's controls give you access to the following iPod functions: Scan: plays first 10 seconds of each track Random (Shuffle): songs are played back in random order Track Up/Down: skip tracks forward or backward Fast Track Search: skip 10 tracks at a time forward or backward (i.e. 04, 14, 24...) Fast Forward/Fast Reverse Play: while in Random mode you can fast forward or fast reverse through the current song Note: Repeat play is not supported by this interface. Switching to another source, such as AM/FM, CD, or Cassette, puts the iPod into pause mode. Our Product Research Team At Crutchfield, you'll get detailed, accurate information that's hard to find elsewhere. That's because we have our own in-house Product Research team. They verify what's in the box, check the owner's manual, and record dimensions, features and specs. We stay on top of new products and technologies to help people make informed choices. Sorry, the USA Spec iPod® Interface for BMW is no longer available. Looking for a similar item? Shop all iPod® Adapters for Factory Radios Or, you can still... Write a review Purchase accessories for this product Download the product manual Search the website Go


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Peter "Pete" Tong (born July 30, 1960) is an English DJ who works for BBC Radio 1. He is the host of programmes such as Essential Mix and Essential Selection on the radio service, which can be heard through Internet radio streams, for his record label FFRR Records, and for his own performances at nightclubs and Music Festivals across the globe. Tong has also worked as a record producer and is known by the nickname of Lord of the Dance. The phrase "It's all gone Pete Tong", where the name is used as rhyming slang for "wrong", was reputedly first coined by Paul Oakenfold in late 1987 in an article about Acid House called 'Bermondsey Goes Balearic' for Terry Farley and Pete Heller's 'Boys Own' Fanzine. It's All Gone Pete Tong is also the title of a 2004 film which portrays a fictional DJ's experiences as he realizes he is becoming deaf. Tong appears briefly in the film. It is also the name Tong has adopted for his club night at the nightclub Pacha in Ibiza. In 2008 he was involved with the founding of the International music summit in Ibiza.
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Physicians diagnose illnesses and prescribe and administer treatment for people suffering from injury or disease. They examine patients, obtain medical histories and order, perform and interpret diagnostic tests while counseling patients on diet, hygiene and preventive health care.
There are two types of physicians: M.D.—Doctor of Medicine—and D.O.—Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine. M.D.s are also known as allopathic physicians. Both M.D.s and D.O.s may use all accepted methods of treatment, including drugs and surgery. D.O.'s place emphasis on the body's musculoskeletal system, preventive medicine and holistic patient care.
Physicians may work in one or more of several specialties, including, but not limited to, anesthesiology, family and general medicine, general internal medicine, general pediatrics, obstetrics and gynecology, psychiatry and surgery. (From the online Occupational Outlook Handbook, 2010-2011).
Students typically attend medical school after completing a baccalaureate degree; most medical schools require a baccalaureate degree as part of their admissions requirements. M.D. programs are (four years), and students follow medical school with three or more years in residency (specialized clinical training).
Academic Guidelines
Competition for places in medical school is keen, and admissions committees are able to choose from among many talented students. The mean cumulative GPA for the entering 2011 class at Colleges of Medicine was 3.76 and the science mean was 3.73. Students whose academic records fall well below the averages are unlikely to be accepted to medical school.
Non-Academic Guidelines
Important non-academic factors include good moral character, excellent interpersonal skills, a deep commitment to health care, evidence of leadership potential and service to others. Successful applicants will likely have volunteered or worked in a health care setting with patient contact, job shadowed a physician, participated in organizations that serve others, taken advantage of leadership opportunities and learned how to conduct research and work independently.
UIC Medicine Admissions Profile 2011:
(148 students admitted)
- Mean cumulative GPA: 3.76
- Mean science GPA: 3.73
- Mean MCAT Writing: P
- Mean MCAT Physical Science.: 10.6
- Mean MCAT Verbal 10.2
- Mean MCAT Biological Science: 11.1
The Application Process
Applications for allopathic medical schools are initiated through the centralized, online American Medical College Application Service (AMCAS) (www.aamc.org/students/). Applications for osteopathic medical schools are begun through the American Association of Colleges of Osteopathic Medicine Application Service (AACOMAS) (www.aacom.org). Applications should be submitted in the year proceeding the year for which a student is seeking admission. Since many medical schools (including UI) have rolling admissions, it is in a student's best interest to apply early (after June 1). Students applying to allopathic medical schools should consult the Medical School Admissions Requirements (MSAR), available for purchase online through the AAMC.
Early Decision
The Early Decision Program (EDP) is available at participating medical schools. Applicants interested in applying through EDP to other medical schools should consult the MSAR for availability. EDP is typically more selective than regular admission, with applicants needing very strong academic and non-academic profiles to be competitive.
Diversity in Medicine
Many medical schools seek to recruit a diverse class of students, including students
from groups underrepresented in medicine. The AAMC is particularly encouraging African-American,
Latino/a, and Native American students, as these populations make up 25 percent of
the population, but only 12 percent of medical school graduates. Students may find
information and support at www.aspiringdocs.org. Students may also contact their pre-medical advisors
, and individual medical schools for more information.
Entrance Examination Requirement (MCAT)
The Medical College Admission Test (MCAT) is a standardized, computer-based exam and is required for admission to both allopathic (M.D.) and osteopathic (D.O.) program. A new version of the MCAT in 2015 will differ from the current exam in several ways. To determine the MCAT you will be taking (the current exam or the 2015 exam) and the appropriate preparation, please consult with your pre-medical advisor.
Preparation consists of completing the applicable pre-medical courses and then self-study and taking MCAT practice tests or participating in a formal MCAT test preparation course.
Letters of Evaluation/Recommendation
Applicants typically obtain letters from science faculty members, faculty members
from the applicant's major department, pre-medical advisors, research supervisors,
volunteer coordinators, etc. Many schools require three letters: two academic and
one of the student's choice. At least one of the academic letters should be from a
science faculty member
, and one should be from the student's major department. Some medical schools require
two letters from science faculty. Students applying to osteopathic medical schools
should plan to have one letter from a D.O.
You can also get a committee letter from the Pre-Health Professional Committee, which will compile two or more of your letters into one letter. This allows you to have more letters speaking on your behalf, because you can submit your committee letter plus two letters from other evaluators. Not all schools will accept committee letters, so make sure that you read the specific guidelines for each school you are applying.
Medical schools usually require personal, on-campus interviews. Interviews vary by school; applicants should check with the schools to which they have applied for the interview timeline
Criminal Background Checks
The AMCAS application asks applicants whether they have a record of felonies or misdemeanors,
and this information is then communicated to the medical schools. Students should
make careful decisions throughout their undergraduate years, since charges for drug
and/or alcohol use or possession, as well as other charges
, can have negative consequences for admission. Many medical schools conduct a Criminal
Background Check on all admitted students. Students found to have been dishonest on
their applications are not admitted.
Citizenship/International Students
Only citizens or permanent residents of the United States are eligible for admission to the most Colleges of Medicine, with the exception of candidates with asylum status. Very few U.S. medical schools admit non-citizens. Since the odds can be challenging, non-citizen students should thoroughly research and carefully consider such a decision and discuss it with their pre-medical advisors early in their undergraduate years.
- Allopathic Medicine: www.aamc.org
- UI College of Medicine: www.medicine.uiowa.edu
- Osteopathic Medicine: www.aacom.org
- Explore Health Careers: explorehealthcareers.org