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A permit application is being filed with the state Department of Environmental Protection (DEP) for the sale of Kane sewer effluent to drillers of Marcellus Shale and other natural gas wells.
KLH Engineers of Pittsburgh is filing the application on behalf of the Kane Borough Sewer Authority. KLH is the consulting engineering firm for the authority, which met Monday evening at the borough building in Kane.
"This is the first step," Authority Chairman Dave Peterson said in reference to the permit application to be filed with the DEP. "We can't do anything else until we get permission."
KLH also has submitted a copy of the DEP application notice to the McKean County Board of Commissioners, which meets today in Smethport.
The sewer authority for some time has discussed the feasibility of selling its effluent (discharge water) from the Kinzua sewage treatment plant off Route 321 at Dwight's Road north of Kane. Drillers reportedly use huge volumes of water in the drilling process.
Peterson said the authority would wait for DEP clearance to sell the effluent before setting a price for the water.
It is not known how long DEP will review the application before issuing the permit.
"I hope it won't take more than a couple of months," Peterson said.
Several Marcellus Shale wells already have been drilled in the area and water for the drilling has been obtained elsewhere. However, the Kane authority is hoping to receive DEP permission to sell sewer water for future wells.
"The drilling isn't over with," Peterson said.
In the application, KLH said the Kane sewer authority is "proposing to acquire a general permit for the beneficial reuse of the ... effluent" from the Kinzua sewage treatment plant. The application does not mention the authority's second sewage treatment plant on Pine Street.
According to the application, the proposed sale of the effluent will not result in "earth disturbance" and will not involve fill or excavation.
In other business at the 63-minute meeting, the authority:
*Voted 4-0 to approve the payment of $54,979.46 in invoices for repairs and services linked with the Wilson Run sewage pump station off Route 321 in Wetmore Township near East Kane.
Peterson joined with the authority members Frank Wojcik, Phil Lingenfelter and Doug Caldwell in approving the action. Lingenfelter is the sewage treatment plant operator in Kane. Caldwell is the mayor of Kane.
Howard Kane, the president of the Kane Borough Council and the newest member of the authority, did not attend the meeting.
Due to pump failures at the station, the authority hired Warren Waste to use a mobile unit to pump sewage at the site around-the-clock for about two weeks. The cost for this service is about $31,000.
Other large bills included $8,788 for electrical work by Atlantic Eastern of Kane and $6,359 for stone and grading by excavator Rick Powell of Kane.
Because the $9,000 cost for a new pump is less than estimated, the authority agreed Monday to buy a second pump at the same price as a system backup.
The Wilson Run station pumps sewage a distance of 1.2 miles to the station on Pond Street near the Wetmore Township building in East Kane.
*Discussed a proposal to change the composition of the authority.
Under current bylaws, four of the five seats are held by Kane borough residents. One seat is held by a Wetmore Township resident.
See full article by purchasing the March 20 edition of The Kane Republican.


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Make up your g-damn mind Sherlock. You are painting two totally different scenarios.
Which is it, does Arm Strength= accuracy
or does
Arm Strength+Accuracy=a better passer.......Einstein!!!
EDIT: Wait, I just came accross this Nugget
I'm just trying to determine exactly what type of math you are doing, because all three of these posts, all by you in the same thread are all headed completely different directions.
I get it you don't care for Pat Devlin, but Arm Strength is not the argument you want to make against it...or maybe.....


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Helen Keller: An Introduction
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Helen Keller on "Listening" to Music
Helen Keller's Letter on Beethoven's Ninth Symphony Goes Viral
Read the letter that Helen sent to the New York Symphony Orchestra describing her experience.
A Visual History
Helen was famous from the age of 8 until her death at the age of 87. The photographs contained in the Helen Keller Archives span the nine decades of her life. The images provide a window into her life and the social, political, and cultural changes that took place in American society and the world around her.
View a selection of images from our Helen Keller photo archives
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Following her death in 1968, Helen Keller left AFB her dearest possessions with the understanding that we would preserve and make them available to the public.
Join us on Facebook at Helen Keller: The Official Fan Page
Chat about Helen's life, read her famous quotes, follow links to prominent, timely Helen-related news stories from around the web, and more. Like us on Facebook and enjoy the latest posts on this incredible woman!
Helen Keller worked for the American Foundation for the Blind for more than 40 years. She was born in Tuscumbia, Alabama, on June 27, 1880, and became deaf and blind at 19 months. Few could have imagined the leading role she would go on to play in many of the significant political, social, and cultural movements of the 20th century. Until her passing in 1968, she worked unceasingly to improve the lives of people with disabilities.
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Clay County----Indiana State Police troopers from the Putnamville Post have arrested Brian Keith Garrard, age 34, of Bloomingdale, IN. He was wanted for Criminal Recklessness with Serious Bodily Injury, D felony, in Parke County Indiana and felony burglary in Douglas County Illinois. Garrard had been considered armed and dangerous.
Acting on a Wabash Valley Crime Stoppers tip called into the Indiana State Police, ISP troopers Todd Brown, David Petrowski, and Mike Wood, along with officers from the Brazil Police Department went to 501 North Vandalia Street in Brazil, to search for Garrard. The address was the home of Brian Garrard's mother. Garrard was located hiding in a rear storage room of the residence and taken into custody without incident. He was incarcerated in the Clay County jail. A family friend was at the home, but not Garrard's mother. The case is closed and no further investigation is needed.
There is no bond on the Parke County warrant and $50,000 bond on the Douglas County Illinois warrant.
Under the Law, criminal charges are merely accusations and the defendant is presumed innocent unless and until proven guilty.


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It's Friday night when you look over at your spouse and it hits you: Didn't we do this exact same thing — dinner, couch, TV — last Friday night, too? Is this all there is?
As you ponder these questions, you're not feeling terrible about your domestic life. And you don't really doubt that you love your partner as much as you ever did. You're just … well, face it … kind of bored. And that's not a great way to feel.
I am pleased to report, in no uncertain terms, that it's possible to revive the fun, the feelings and the passion that you felt in the past. To start, you need to turn off the television, put away that novel and focus on revitalizing your relationship. Here are some things you can do:
1. Widen your circle
New people can bring new perspectives — and new experiences — into the life you share with your partner. So seize the opportunity to expand your social circle to see where that might take you. If you meet a new couple, for example, who sail (or knit, or cook, or whatever), ask them to show the two of you the ropes. That might inspire you and your partner to take a sailing class together. You'll be energized by learning something new as a team — and by getting to know other people who are into it, too.
2. Step up — and sign up
Many people need help in the world today, so your time and talents are likely to come in handy. Perhaps you volunteer at your church or temple already, but how how about trying something new that will let you see your partner in a new light?
Depending on your circumstances, it could be something exotic: working to bring clean water to a remote village, for example. Or the worthy cause might be right in your neighborhood, such as providing support and respite for a burned-out caregiver. The aim is to do it together — and the result is often an accomplishment that gives you new things to respect about each other.
3. Break free of your comfort zone
Do something together you've never done before — especially if it requires you to stretch beyond your normal limits: Go white-water rafting … meditate in an ashram … camp out under the stars. Not only will this force you to serve as each other's support system and confidant, you'll be building shared memories you can tap together later on.
4. Change hobbies, not hubbies
It's not that his-and-hers hobbies are such a bad idea, it's just that they take you away from each other so much. So why not bond over a new, combined hobby? (Poetry writing, anyone?) Imagine the fun you could have learning to play the drums (or mix music, or sculpt) as a duo. If the two of you tackle a foreign language together, reward yourselves with a trip to the country where people seem to speak it without even trying.
5. Get up and go
It sounds extreme, I know, but moving to a new locale transforms your life and makes it impossible not to grow closer together as you share new experiences. Is moving out of the question? Consider a home exchange for a year, a summer, a month or a week. Exploring a new town or a new neighborhood — to say nothing of finding new favorite things to do or places to go — will dynamically refresh your relationship.


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one of the other maintenance developers to frequent the site.
Welcome back, don't expect to recognise the place though, things have gone well down hill...
And things have defiantly gone downhill as they have made me a Moderator. Just look at how bad things have got.
On the up side I can delete your posts now and you'll think you are going nuts. :^0
Did you finally master time travel, or did your cryogenic capsule just open early?
Seriously, I hope your health has improved.
I'm back to working full-time, and have been for about a year. I've been working at a Retail organization that also does computer repairs. NOT the big blue box store that has a squad of geeks in it. I do have my standards!
It has been up and down with the new changes and different forum software. I had to look at my own profile to see when I joined. Yes, actually over ten years. Many, many changes and to be honest, mostly for the good. Members who have been gone for more than a year may not even recognize the site anymore.
I suppose I have been with TR since 2001, but I changed my name in 2003.
I've been here since 2002, but you may know me as American Voter. Now I'm AV. We've gone through a lot of software changes in the past couple of years on TR and some members took a brief respite from the site as a result, but they seem to be coming back lately.
Anyway, welcome back!


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- Ryan Alexander
- Philadelphia, PA
- United States
This conversation is closed.
Do humans have a "Human Nature" or are our behaviors motivated by our cultural backgrounds?
I have this conversation with thinkers all the time. In my opinion any beginning philosopher must identify their idea of human nature before they can move forward with their idea's about the world or about an ideal world.
Some individuals that I have talked to though have brought up the point of nature versus nurture. That possible fact that the ideas of the west that humans need instant gratification, are greedy and selfish may only apply to societies that allow this ideology to flourish and prosper.
So, I guess the real question is...is human behavior motivated by a universal "human nature" or is human behavior learned through culture? Are we really all that different?
I personally don't believe so.
pat gilbert
Jun 30 2012: I have yet to meet any form of life whose main purpose was anything other than to survive.
- +3
jing du
Jul 4 2012: thank you for your responses.sure we have a lot of natural behaviors which are sharing with animals ,and we developed many nurtural behaviors as individuals. and we also have some natural behaviors which inherit from the cultural behaviors ,like smile ,language ,walk ... i think all the behaviors motivated by genes' desire to survive and improve.Jul 3 2012: There iare a number of good points here. I see that there are many ways of looking at the problem
- +1
we might go to general semantics or phenomonology or who knows what.Jun 30 2012: Human nature comes with individual specifics but is at the base homogenous. Culture converts part of it for the better or for worse and adds a lot to it.
The culture based part can change or collaps the natural based part cannot.
Steve C
Jul 29 2012: One of my favorite examples is, (I forget the exact source), that it's actually pretty hard to get your average person to kill another person!
- 0
It takes a lot of training to get a soldier to become "efficient" at killing. In most early wars (up until the 1900's, I think), MOST "soldiers" were shooting just to make noise & follow-orders to "fire" - but were missing on purpose, or just reloading for others.
It's a comforting thought that it's that difficult! (You would think that with all the violence on television & in the movie-theaters {on-screen & off, now} that it would be just part of our violent nature; but maybe those medias are only part of our "training.")
Are we spending more time interactively learning human nature from interacting naturally, or are we spending more time learning from (about to be interactive) artificial cultural medias?
We philosophize - then philosophize on those philosophies, (Stan Tenen speaks of this); to introspect & search for truth & meaning to find strength & expose weakness; to grow in all ways.
I heard long ago that humans were the only species to use a tool; which was wrong. Then I heard that humans were the only species to use a tool to make a tool. That'll probably be wrong too. I've heard stories of elk taking turns running & sliding on ice for fun, heard dogs laughing, I've been harangued from afar by a crow. I've seen pictures of elephants painting and dogs building crude little teepee shells with twigs.
I wouldn't even say it's "human nature" to "think," as was it luck that we began to cook our food, thus lessening the forces on our mandibles & allowing the skull greater flexibility & possibile growth of the forebrain?
One brain researcher said that after his 25 years of research, he could do no better at eliciting emotion in a person than he could with a simple song. Music is central to every human culture.
Eldon Taylor has some interesing things to say about free will & consciousness, (though I'm not sure which diJul 7 2012: I believe that human behavior is motivated by human nature. As stated in a previous post, our sole purpose is survival, which I would expand on to say is inclusive of procreation. The one thing that distinguishes humans from other species is the ability to think logically and with reason. Our ability to "think" has led to the existence of many cultures. However, even though it may seem that we are different because of such, looking at things from a bird's eye view would prove otherwise. Some examples of things different cultures have in common are as follows: organizing, language, religion, art, hierarchy, etc. The creation of culture, which I view as human behavior, is a result of our human nature. It is our nature to think which yields "Technology, Entertainment, and Design".Jul 6 2012: "Do humans have a "Human Nature" or are our behaviors motivated by our cultural backgrounds?"**
Both. We are a blank slate with little bits of variations in physiology (but, basically all the same baby), until we are grown within cultures and societies.
So, I guess the real question is...is human behavior motivated by a universal "human nature" or is human behavior learned through culture?**
Universal human nature... What do all humans share? Well; emotions, intuitions, cognitive abilities, attachments, anxiety, optimism.... Yeah, there is a basic format to the human psyche... But, just because we are all alike doesn't motivate any action or awareness of finding a common nature -unless- the education nurtures that critical analysis.
But, a good question then; what is being human?
Being morally sound to other humans? Having certain marks of the mental?
Well, this criteria does not exist necessarily in nature; 1. since our basic format is created for evolving to survive. 2. because it is up to language and culture in order to create these questions! Rather this criteria must be manifested by consensus of what is in our nature.
For me; human nature is no different than any other mammal... Example being our anthropocentric attitudes - "we are the dominating force of the universe" mentality that is innate, is no different than any other animal believing they are the best! This is necessary for survival in order to push through hardships and natural struggles... What would you do to eat if you were starving - dying? Is that answer apart of this?
Are we really all that different?**
Well depending on your circumstance of random chance; global position, age, educations, religion, belief systems, natural intelligence/personality type, monetary status, neural misfiring(s), symmetrical body or not.... Yes, we all are very different until we decide to find common ground. In the macro-scheme of things? One species, one nature? Are we different? Perhaps, but mainly, noJul 6 2012: The "natural" position of the human hand, is open, not a closed fist.
I agree that our "nature" as it were, is not to be constrained by our nature and that we have at our disposal many, many responses to any kind of situation that comes into our lives.
That means we are not being dictated to by "nature".
It would also mean that most, if not all, of our behaviors, that are mistakenly labeled as our "human nature" are learned, well or not so well, and come from experience, if not simple education, that may in fact be wrong itself, erroneous or outright manipulative.
What we see, I believe and agree, is a perversion of our wonderful, peaceful, loving nature, because so many, too many, are not getting their needs met. Anyone would act differently but also would act in ways that are not our nature.
If we have a nature, we see it when tsunami's hit. We are it when earthquakes and other kinds of natural catastrophes occur. The other ways we act and behave, that many want to, even wish, is our "human nature" are false, that is, those of war, deceit, manipulation and so forth.
If we have a nature it is to survive. I think or believe it is extremely dangerous, damaging and deceitful to continue to spread a belief that what has occurred for so long and so regularly, is our human nature. I believe it just as much as I believe it is dangerous, damaging and deceitful to keep alive the belief that those who forget the past or forget history, are condemned to repeat it.
Indeed, you cannot repeat what you cannot remember, so it is those who remember the past who are condemned to repeating it and that has been proved time and again, for all time.
As was once said, "experience is of supreme value in life. Good judgment comes from experience. Experience comes from bad judgment.
But still we haven't learned because all we have been taught, all we have learned, are lies.Jul 6 2012: ...is human behavior motivated by a universal "human nature" or is human behavior learned through culture? Are we really all that different?
the concept of nurture is not as well validated in the literature as we might expect. The fundamental wiring of the brain appears to predict far more of our lives and actions than the nature/nurture debate suggests. We can see the basic commonalities and differences by remembering the achronim OCEAN. On a scale of one to ten ask yourself to rate your own or another's : Openness to experience, Conscientiousness, Extraversion/Intorversion, Agreeableness, and Neutocisim. It appears that we all have these fundamental characteristics in varying degrees and they form the foundation of our interactions with the world. There are other qualities, of course, these are the most reliable. Add culture on top as a guiding prinipal which directs such impulses into what is acceptable in our society..Jul 6 2012: bothJul 6 2012: We define our personalities through a cultural background but what makes us human is our "human nature", which I believe dates back to our primordial state where we relied mostly on instinct to survive.
Gord G
Jul 5 2012: We define human and we define nature, so absolutely yes from our perspective. Cultural variations are simply quibbling over the scope of the meaning. The larger question is ... is nature human? (I think not) ;-)Jul 3 2012: Human nature is that which all humans have in common. This can and will be established by science.
- 0
Of course, science still has a great deal of work to do in this area.
"So, I guess the real question is...is human behavior motivated by a universal "human nature" or is human behavior learned through culture? Are we really all that different?"
Human behavior is motivated by human nature and by culture.
I am really very different from a suicide bomber. I am really very different from a pederast. I am really very different from a saint.Jul 3 2012: All humans do have a foundation, who they are in terms of their human nature. Humans are animals after all. We have desires, urges, we hunger and do what we need to in order to survive. That is innate to each of us. But humans are special in the sense that we can choose whether or not we listen to our hunger and urges, unlike other animals. Who we are is what we ourselves determine. Sometimes it isn't about nature or nurture. Sometimes it is just about the individual. Nurture and nature are factors but I believe they are only small parts.
Our life experiences can influence our behaviors but at the same time each person reacts differently to the same experience. The book 'The Battle Hymn of the Tiger Mother', is about how different parenting is needed for different children. We are all different. We all do different things with our nature and nurture to create a unique person.Jul 2 2012: Not everyone is self absorbed in nature, but, we do things that we want to do. We do things that interest us. Why would we do something someone else wants us to do if that is what you want to know. The reality is that sometimes you need a reason to do things for other people, it would make sense if you have free will right? There are reasons to be ethical and care for others. I will not justify them here as this is not the proper forum for me to get off topic, but, if people gathered enough information before making a selfish action, their actions might not be so selfish.Jul 2 2012: Show me a culture that at no point waged war over resources, practiced religion,and had social classes. There absolutely are innate drives humans have, depending on the environment, some get more nurtured than others. We all have a very dark side to us and we all have a very kind and compassionate side. Depending upon your upbringing and experiences some traits can become dominant. To say that we do not have an inert nature, is to dismiss genetics completely and to say genes are the sole culprit behind behavior, is to dismiss obvious truths about the brains plasticity.
Jul 7 2012: Studies in genetics have shown that genes give us many ways of responding rather than having predetermined behaviors we blindly follow.
We all have capabilities but I wouldn't call some of them a dark side. Compassion is another response we may choose depending upon the situation, meaning the environment, and our assessment of it.
As you say, "depending upon upbringing and experiences.....etc." shows to me anyway, that you believe it isn't human nature since you list ways that affect how one responds.
As someone once said, "our nature, if there is one, is not to be constrained by our nature" and we live and function in the most diverse ways imaginable. More so than any other species. I don't see how a "nature' could be the same for all, in that respect.
And yes, how did you know my brain was plastic? I couldn't afford the more expensive one.
Jul 9 2012: Mr. chance, I think what I was trying to say is that there is some underlying nature in humans. If you subscribe to evolution, then you must admit, we evolved certain traits that allow for survival. Society seems to be in, what i like to call, "primitive withdrawal". Many of the aspects we have evolved, seem to sit in opposition to the idea of a society, where everyones needs are met. Humans seem to be capable of overriding primitive impulse and this is both the root of guilt and personal growth.
The role of environment may play a larger role than that of a human nature. However we all have human brains and human brains share the amygdala and limbic systems which evoke certain emotional responses. These responses can and are conditioned, but based on environmental and biological truths we all share. We need to feed or we die, we need to drink or we die. I think this can be classified as inherent due to evolution and seemingly mammalian traits.
Yes, i know, the titanium brain seems to still be reserved for the trust fund fellows, what shame.Jul 2 2012: I think all people are greedy and selfish because it's the best way to survive. It's not always a bad thing. We learned to gather in tribes and later cities just because it's benefits our own individual interests, not for the sake of civilization as a whole. We try to maintain peace, not because we're good, but because it's more profitable, than war. It's both a survival instinct and a rational choice.Jul 2 2012: Read "The Blank Slate" by Steven Pinker.Jul 2 2012: As a mother, I have witnessed certain behaviors that seem innate in my children, as well as some definitely learned behaviors.
The drive to survive, to have basic needs met, to defecate, to sleep ~ those are basic, innate parts of the nature of the human animal. We would be able to go on living without language or hearing or any outside influence as long as those natural, instinctual needs were met.
I think we can see the argument of 'nature vs. nuture' really coming into effect in distinctive personality traits. Some would be considered 'nature' ~ natural, innate qualities ~ and some 'nurture', or learned behaviors, like those attributed to an entitled child/adult (whining to get ones way, for example).
There also really is no accounting for things like chemical imbalances, cognitive disturbances, narcissism, personality disorders, etc. Humans are far too intricate to really pigeonhole behaviors into a this or that ideology.
In general I think humans are innately self-for-self at the onset, and depending on what they are programmed with, they can become self-for-others ~ it's the 'nurture' or lack thereof, that triggers perspective and behavioral changes....and positive nurturing doesn't always lead to positive behaviors.Jul 2 2012: Ignore all the other comments above, these are comments most likely made by the 99%. There is a universal natural human nature, and its to collect information, attempt to solve that information, and judge off that information. The real difference between the people of different cultures is most of their cultures only allow people to collect specific information or don't advertise enough information and in some cases distribute wrong information. Those who have the right information sometimes have a lack of influence compared to those who have the wrong information. This sums up about 99% of the world. Only one percent of the world has the right information and the influence to use it. Everyone else is basically like a fat person. They all want to influence things and don't know how to use influence anywhere past the point of self sustainment. In the end they end up being like a fat person with a lot of food. The fat person doesn't wait until they are hungry to eat, they just eat and poo out all the food until there is none left for the people who do wait to get hungry to eat. The metaphor is to describe the difference between people who don't know how to use resources and people who do know how to use resources. A man with a million dollars will lose it all if he doesn't know how to use it, burning through it quick and never making an investment in anything.
To sum up what I am trying to say is that people take in information and believe they have enough information to take action or make a judgement upon something. They don't. There is a starting point for knowledge and our bodies have five methods of collecting information from the outside world. If not enough information is gained about something, that person shouldn't act if they don't have to act. The people who believe they do need to act and call the bad judgement they make a learning experience need to look behind them at the damages they left. Other people like them will only leave more damage.
Jul 2 2012: Looking to better understand your argument. So, what your saying is that Human's have a very different nature than animals in the wild and actually, have a meta cognitive nature of obtaining information?
That gaining and sharing information has been and always will be the sole reason that humans do anything?
Do you believe that human beings could survive on their acquisition of information alone?
Do you disregard the information given to you with prior comments that human nature is to do what is in your own self interest, that we are self-absorbed beings ect.?
Tell me more about what you think about these questions and your theory itself.Jul 2 2012: our behaviors motivated by our culture, because our culture defines what is right and what is wrong,you have to follow the right way to get more oppotunity to propagate your gene._propagating gene is our Human Nature...am i right?
Jul 2 2012: There are many behaviors that come before culture. Think about a baby: grasping, suckling, crying and doing these things to fill selfish needs like nutrition. Surviving is beneficial for evolution. If a life form does not survive long enough to reproduce then they likely will not continue as a species, and traits that do not kill us (in a way that stops proliferation) replicate. Survival behavior is something that continues throughout our lives and we incorporate our culture into it.
Jul 3 2012: i believe we are talking aout humanbeing's behaviors which seperate us from animals...
Jul 3 2012: That's an interesting perspective on the subject :-) I didn't realize that was what you meant, nor had I looked at it from that perspective -- "human nature" as a term for an Identity shared only by humans. This is a broad and interesting topic. There are many things we share with the other animals (mainly other mammals, with respect to behavior/culture), but there are also many differences.
Even apes and monkeys develop a cultural sense of right and wrong, and in order to be accepted into their culture they have to abide by this (different packs have different cultures). The ones that abide are seen as more attractive and get more opportunity to propagate their genes (this also happens with humans, as you noted). Distinctly, humans form more complex "ideals" which may or may not override their more primitive behaviors, and make mating more than just a right from opportunity. These ideals are often tied to culture :-)
My interpretation of the subject presented is: Do humans have inherent behavioral habits (often called "human nature"), which may or may not be distinct to humans. Or, do humans learn all of their behavioral habits through cultures that have developed over time?
Both: We develop some routine behaviors though our cultures, but there are also behaviors that we do naturally. There are so many of us that, through breading, we have developed a broad and mixed variety of natural behaviors. Take aggression for example: Just like other animals there are humans that have (naturally) more and less active areas of the brain that stimulate and inhibit aggression.
Human children also have a long period of brain development which requires longer periods of care and nurturing from their parents. This long period allows parents and cultures to influence, mold, and teach greater control over these natural behaviors as the brain develops. Humans are very fortunate to develop this way, because it allows us to more easily become more than just our genes.Jul 3 2012: *continued
Among other things, this allows us to have larger functional societies, because through this process (and others -- some of which are shared with other animals) we can shape our behaviors more.Jul 4 2012: thank you for your responses.sure we have a lot of natural behaviors which are sharing with animals ,and we developed many nurtural behaviors as individuals. and we also have some natural behaviors which inherit from the cultural behaviors ,like smile ,language ,walk ... i think all the behaviors motivated by genes' desire to survive and improveJul 2 2012: Thomas Hobbes argued that when you travel in a field and find a rock turn it over and describe what you find. What you find are insects. These insects compete for and destroy one another for the resources under the rock. He was arguing the point to express the need for government. Without it, anarchy will prevail. I'm paraphrasing of course. But is this a truism? In my experience and still limited understanding of all societies, I believe it is true. So, then, what does this say to us about the nature of man. I believe it tells us that self absorption, barely distinguishable from self preservation, rules as the nature of man. Consequently, humans are all on a continuum from self-absorbed to other-centered. Where we are on that scale dictates how functional our interactions are. Therefore, our nature's origin is self-absorption and our nurture then determines our other-centeredness. Our othercenteredness is then the result of our environments, parents, teachers, communities, culture and so forth. In societies, or at least our society, we are bombarded by all forms of media and I believe education to be and do your own thing. That the sense of self and ones expression of self is always healthy. Look at how many discussions are about, what I think, like or dis-like. Most conflicts, marital or otherwise are about self-absorption. Look at depression, it begins and is maintained by a focus, rumination of self. What hurts, what I'm bad at, how ugly I am, how overweight I am. If my hypothesis is correct, we should see such correlations in most, if not all, interactional diagnosis. The treatment then is not about symptom management, it's about people moving from self-absorbed to other-centered in both cognitive and behavioral manners. There is much more to be said about such ideas and I hope this idea is helpful.
Jul 2 2012: Definitely is! I love Thomas Hobbes!
This conversation usually comes up when I'm talking to a person that extremely liberal more likely than not a socialist. My argument stems from Hobbes idea of human nature that we need to build incentives to make people work and produce in society based off the idea that we are self-absorbed. (through living in life I think we can see how true this is)
Where as some socialists would say that this idea of human nature is untrue and that it is a redefinition of culture that we need to allow a form of government to prosper. (And once again what is this "redefinition" they speak of? I made my own assumptions)
My peers whom I talk to about this bring up eastern societies who they claim are more open to communist/socialist governments. Their argument is that the western societies have a self fulfilling prophecy that they should be greedy and selfish. So, they are. This is the argument they present. So, I'll leave it at that.
Jul 2 2012: The implications of adopting such an argument are enormous. Imagine if we all looked for the self-absorptions in our interactions and worked hard at changing them to be more othercentered. Relationships would be far more healthy and rich in intimacy. Imagine if we understood how hurtful our self absorption is and how that would change if we were simply committed to never be hurtful. As a clinician, I have seen clients make lots of progress on their journey with a better understanding of this idea. The focus in no longer on being right or even on being smart--it would be on connection--two ideas that often don't fit, rightness and connectedness,
Jul 2 2012: You brought up a point at the very end in which I love, about making connections and attempting to be RIGHT. I do believe that an open mind to ideas is great to learn and build a better society but I also believe that it's very important to question as much as we can so as to get a better idea of what is valid and true. I have definitely made the mistake in the past where emotions have gotten the better of me and being right was more important than making a connection and learning/understanding but I feel that like with everything in life there must be a balance between the two. Not just a black and white good and bad but a balance of attempting to find truth and making intelligent connections.
Anyways, lol
I agree, that being other centered would create a richer society and that it definitely would make society as a whole better. The question is though, is it human nature to think this way? Is it everyone's first instinct to think about the world in othercentered way?
Thomas Hobbes would argue, that even the individuals that would be othercentered were doing so in a way that saw themselves in these situations and through their own self interest would be "other centered" because if in that situation they would want society to act in that way. S,o when basing policy decisions on the idea of human nature, my assumption I make is that we MUST take into account what humans typically would do through the idea of human nature but what do you think? Do you think that this is a valid point to make when considering public policy? Can we base a sovereign system off this ideology?Jul 3 2012: While there are trends in human behavior, there are human NATURES with an S, the real problem is human beings don't understand the functioning of their bodies and minds and hence can't define 'their nature' from a scientific standpoint.
I don't believe the standard american/western version that all human beings are selfish/self-centered. I believe there are people with SUPERIOR natures, superior morality, superior justice, superior values, just like there are people with superior intelligence. I do not believe modern american values are superior in any way. Since mediocrity always outbreeds excellence by a large margin.
The real issue comes down to our inability to manufacture traits, trends and genetically alter children to be born with sound functioning biology - i.e. superior natures. Many people are born with good natures but are surrounded by violent, stupid, greedy buffoons which they must tolerate and suffer.Jul 6 2012: I agree with you, Clint. I too believe that human nature is one of self absorption brought on from the drive to persevere. Just look at children. Psychologists have argued for years that it is within a child's nature to be selfish, to only focus on their own wants and needs and to be without consideration of the wants and needs of others, even those they love like mom and dad. So where do some people get ther othercenteredness from?
Like you, I would say it comes from "our environments, parents, teachers, communities, culture and so forth." We are taught that selfishness is a negative characteristic in schools, churches, social gatherings, etc. We are raised to be polite and considerate of others wants, needs, feelings and intentions. So, I believe this is a learned behavior, which is why there are some people who are more other-centered than others. Some humans are better other-centered learners than the rest just as some are better literary students or science students than others.
But why do we feel the need to learn othercenterdness? Could it be because we need community or society in order to truly survive? Sure being self absorbed can help one survive, but that quality of life is dark and dangerous and disastrous.
Lejan .
Jul 1 2012: Study and compare the nature of newborn, worldwide. If you find significant differences there, so then will be the nature of our species.Jun 30 2012: I suggest human behaviour is driven by both nature and nurture (including culture) and occasionally reason.
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There is variation of norms across cultures and between individuals in a culture.Jun 30 2012: The phrase "nature of the beast" comes to mind. We seek patterns in all species that we term as norms. Norms are established within cultures. On top of all that we also stereotype such as ... blonds have more fun ... red heads have bad tempers ... french are arrogant ... etc .. you get the picture.
So when you say "human nature" we are expressing what we believe the expected behavior is to be.
All the best. Bob.Jun 30 2012: Each individuals personality is formed until maturity by what kinds of things they're exposed to and what kind of environment they live in. So, the answer is:neither since every person has their own distinct "human nature" unique to them, in fact, this is all a biochemical process until you reach maturity.


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Shirena Trujillo Long
is a 2000 Fort Lewis College graduate who began working as coordinator for El Centro de Muchos Colores Hispano Resource Center in 2005. Shirena self identifies as Hispana or Chicana and is the product of a bi-cultural family with her Mexican-American father's roots centered in Chama, New Mexico, and her mother's German-Scottish roots from Indiana. She is a native of Utah and was raised in Farmington, N.M., before moving to Durango where she earned her bachelor's degree in English/Communications and Spanish in 2000. She is pursuing a master' degree in Educational Leadership from the University of New Mexico. Shirena is one of the key people responsible for establishing the Code Red Program at Fort Lewis College.
My name is
Adam Betancourt
, an Arizona native and a third year student at Fort Lewis College. I am studying Business Ad- ministration. My interests vary widely from loving to run trails in the mountains and traveling to enjoying a day at the mall or working on my always-broken Jeep. Here on campus I choose to focus more on being involved. I am an active member of Front Row Artistries, Club del Centro, New Student Orientation, Latino College Day and El Centro.
My name is
Manuel Chavarria
I am a junior studying Exercise Science exercise physiology option with a minor in Inquiry of Rhetoric. I grew up in Cuauhtemoc Chihuahua, Mexico and moved to Leadville, CO when I was ten years old. I am a member of Club del Centro, National Society of Leadership and Success, and the John F. Reed Honors Program. My interests are soccer, baseball, fly fishing and fitness. My name is Sandra Chihuahua and I'm a sophomore in college. I'm Hispanic and I come from a small town called Lovington, NM. (Fun Fact: Brian Urlacher, from the Chicago Bears is from my town). Being a part of the Land of Enchantment gave me an opportunity to come to Colorful Colorado. My family and friends are my life. I love participating in sports. I was actually an XC member, a track and field girl, and a basketball player in high school. I love making new friends, so approach me and say hi! My hobbies include; dancing, singing, reading, writing, drawing, and listening to people talk. I want to pursue a career in the Criminal Justice Field. I also want to dual major in Math, and minor in Spanish. My life has never been based on "what ifs."
My name is
Hope Crespo
, I was born and raised in Durango Colorado. I am currently a sophomore at Fort Lewis College studying Psychology and art. I want to receive my PHD in psychology, although I am not sure what career I want to pursue yet. On campus I am involved in STEM, Club del Centro, Ballet Folklorico de Fort Lewis College, and work study
I am
Andrea Dalla
, a 5
generation Durango native. I attended PCC for 2 years and now I am a junior here at FLC. Sociology is my major and psychology is my minor. I hope to be able to get my Masters in Social Work and then counsel juveniles and/or people re-integrating into society after being in prison. I have always been a single mother of two, Bryan who is 26 and Jessica who is 24. I enjoy volunteering for The Women's Resource Center as well as other local organizations.
Nekai Eversole
, a Navajo-Apache Native American through my mother and of Scottish-Swiss descent from my father. I'm interested in all forms of sciences and am always questioning how the world could be better. My major is Environmental Biology, but I'm also fond of Geology, as one of my favorite past-times is exploring mountains and natural wonders, viewing the flora and fauna of this beautiful region.
My name is
Noah Garcia
. I was born and raised in northern New Mexico near the banks of the Rio Grande. I am currently studying engineering here at Fort Lewis and have been fortunate enough to be a part of Village Aid Project-Engineers without Borders with whom I had the opportunity to translate for an engineering project in Ecuador over the summer; the experience changed my life. I love travel, tradition and hearing people's stories.
My name is
Samantha Garcia
and I am a freshman at Fort Lewis. I am from Albuquerque, New Mexico but have always considered Colorado my second home. I love staying active and being in nature whether it be going on a hike or just lying in the grass reading a good book. I was drawn to El Centro because I love the multicultural environment that the El Centro provides for all students!
I am
Cherine Gonzales
, a freshman at FLC. My hometowns include San Ildefonso Pueblo & Santa Fe, New Mexico. Aside from working at El Centro, I like to go running, play bass guitar, and take photos. I also like to write and spend time with my family and friends.
I am
Sandra Loera
. I am a senior at Fort Lewis College pursuing a career in psychology, possibly with a focus on positive psychology. I am originally from Mexico. I came to the United States, specifically to Eagle, CO eight years ago and last year I moved to Durango. El Centro has given me the opportunity to be exposed to other cultures, to teach others about my own culture and let them know how proud I am of being Mexican.
Hello my name is
Devin Muñoz
I am a junior at Fort Lewis College and was born in Denver Colorado and have lived there until I was 18 years old when I came down here for school. My father's family originates from Mexico and my mother's family originates from around the south of Colorado. I have no siblings and grew up not learning Spanish. I consider myself Hispanic because of my parents and family even though I have heard many people consider those who can't speak Spanish, non-Hispanic. I am currently studying World History to become a teacher in high school. I have been to ten countries in my life and speak Japanese and a little Spanish. I was drawn to El Centro because I didn't know much of my Hispanic heritage other than I knew I was considered one. I wanted to see and experience a culture that I had otherwise not known about.
I am
Irene Ibeth Perez
, not a normal person nor will I ever be considered normal, but I am special. I do not believe in any human or dictionary definition of normal. I am weird in my own way, which I consider it a good thing. Even when I am with any of my best friends, they are just as weird in their own way with me and it is amazing. I am happy and I like to be positive about things. It gives me the energy needed to dance and teach Ballet Folklorico (Mexican Folkloric dance), work two jobs and be a hard worker just like my parents raised me to be. I am proud of who I am and I am grateful and appreciative of every opportunity I have. I hope to inspire others through my hard work and dedication to work and dance and be happy to do it.
Chandra Reed
is a non-traditional junior at the Fort. When she is not studying biology she is making delicious Mexican food in the kitchen at El Centro, or playing guitar in a punk band.
Hi I'm Kate. I am a freshman here at FLC and was born and raised in Bernalillo, New Mexico. I love meeting new people and trying new things. Frito pie is my favorite food and I love the color red. Durango is my home away from home and I am so glad to be here. I love music and I love to dance. If you see me around campus don't hesitate to say "HI!".
Hola! Me llamo
. I am super excited to be a part of El Centro's student staff team this year. I am a 5th year senior in the Teacher Education department; I will be graduating in May with a license to teach elementary, as well as an endorsement to work with English Language Learners. I am originally from Arvada, Colorado, but I have lived in several locations throughout the Denver-metro area and in Aztec, New Mexico, which is where my fiancé, Eli, is from. I am enthusiastic to be a part of El Centro and learn more about the Hispanic culture through our clubs, events, and celebrations. I hope to meet new people and learn more about their stories during my time here.
Hey there, my name is
Magaly Torres
I am a sophomore in the Athletic Training program, from the Chicagoland area. I am a certified Zumba instructor teaching at the Student Life Center and at El Centro. When I'm not busy working you can find me dancing, running, drawing, or cooking!
My name is
Tina Zuñiga
and I am a sophomore this year at Fort Lewis. I am from Los Lunas, New Mexico and I identify as multi-cultural as I am both Hispana and white. I am double majoring in Sociology-Ethnic Studies and Spanish with a Pre-Law Minor. I became a work-study student and a member of Club Del Centro last year. I also got involved with the radio show Centrovision and am now the coordinator of the show. I love being involved at El Centro and am very grateful for all of the leadership opportunities I have received by working here. El Centro has been a great resource for me throughout the past two years. It is like a home away from home and I am fortunate to have found that here in Durango.


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This amazing poster, published in poster size exclusively for SportsPosterWarehouse.com, features a great game-action shot of Jaws unleashing one of his 38 pass attemts on that Super day, looking great in his Eagles green jersey with his teammates looking on from the sideline. A rare, vintage classic from historic time in franchise history, this is a must for any true long-time Eagles fan! Printed from the original photographic negative, and complete with official NFL Properties serialized hologram, this is both a stunning piece for any fan, and a great collectors item for fans of the big game!
Product Specifications:


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I want to know what exercises a kidney patient can do other than jogging?
Take the 2-minute tour ×
Physical Fitness Stack Exchange is a question and answer site for physical fitness professionals, athletes, trainers, and those providing health-related needs. It's 100% free, no registration required.
I did a quick search to see what was recommended. While I've collected a few recommendations, I don't have the reasoning for them. The most directly useful link was this one summarized below:
Kidney.org had a brochure with some basic information in there:
Based on that information, heavy lifting and sprinting is not an option. Probably some of the better options might include yoga or pilates. Do keep a regular dialog with your doctor, as kidney issues are serious. If they tell you to slow down, stop, or change what you are going, listen to them.


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Home > Outdoor Living > Gardening & Planting > Raised Garden Beds > GrowCamp 4'x4' Mini Greenhouse Vegetable Growing System
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Welcome to the Office of the Executive Vice President and Provost
Undergraduate Teaching Fellows Orientation Meeting
Orientation meeting for all 2015 Undergraduate Teaching Fellows (UTFs) and faculty mentors. Start ...
An overview and hands-on-training session regarding the new e-Dossier system specifically for candi...
Welcome to the Office of the Executive Vice President and Provost, the heart of the academic enterprise at Utah State University where our mission is to provide academic vision and leadership to advance and support excellence in teaching/learning, research, and engagement. The Provost's Office works collaboratively with the deans, department heads and other vice presidents to offer quality programs of instruction and research as well as ensuring quality of student learning by overseeing the curriculum and encouraging initiatives in undergraduate education and research.
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Utah State University invites nominations and applications for a significant academic leadership position as the Dean of Libraries. Utah State's University Libraries is an exciting, dynamic, and innovative unit that boasts the latest in information technology and serves as the intellectual center of campus. The primary facility in the University Libraries is the 305,000 square foot wireless Merrill-Cazier Library which underwent a $42M expansion in 2006. The Dean of Libraries reports directly to the Executive Vice President and Provost. This administrative opening represents an extraordinary opportunity to lead Utah State University Libraries to new heights of achievement. For more information or to apply for this position, click here.
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On Nov. 9 + 10, 2015, join clinicians, health care leaders, investors, engineers, biopharm and device companies, IT executives, policy professionals, venture capitalists, payers and other stakeholders as we partner to address unmet needs, solve problems and seize opportunities in pediatric health care. This year's theme is precision pediatrics.
Disease-modifying autism treatments, preventing blinding eye diseases and genetic sickle-cell therapies: Three examples of NIH tax dollars at work.
Boosting migration of donor stem cells could make cord blood transplant more viable for cancer and blood disorders, helping patients find a match.
Magnetized robots, guided by the magnetic field of an MRI scanner, could swim through body fluids to drive needles, puncture tissues or deliver drugs.
Telomeres tip our chromosomes and keep them from degrading. A new study finds shortened telomeres in families with autism--now the question is why.
Deaf mice receiving gene therapy to provide a working TMC1 gene began to hear for the first time.
At the Boston Children's Hospital Cardiovascular Research Center, researchers were able to effectively reverse the phenotype for cardiomyopathy by intervening early in the genetic coding process for the disease.
Computational epidemiologist John Brownstein talks about how "digital phenotypes" can open new windows into people's health.
Tests for detecting Ebola in the blood can take anywhere from 12 hours to four days to yield results. But a recent study published in The Lancet reveals a new test can accurately determine results in mere minutes.
A mouse study suggests that omega-3 fatty acids, like those found in fish oil, may reduce inflammation in sickle cell disease.
Non-narcotic treatments for chronic pain that work well in people, not just mice, are sorely needed. Drawing from human pain genetics, an international team demonstrates a way to break the cycle of pain hypersensitivity without the development of addiction, tolerance or side effects.
Observing mating behavior in male fruit flies is an easy way to observe motivation. Moreover, the brain circuitry behind fly mating has already been characterized, thanks to the creature's very small brain.
According to research by Denisa Wagner, PhD, of Boston Children's Hospital's Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, a poorly understood feature of our immune system's neutrophils may be one more ingredient in the storm.
While traditional global health programs have focused on curbing infectious disease, low-resource settings like Dhaka are also coming to be seen as "living laboratories" for investigating how adversity affects children's brain development.
Ten mothers of children with neuromuscular disorders were interviewed about their diagnostic odyssey. The results highlight the distress that can be caused by even minor medical procedures and the benefits to the family of obtaining a diagnosis.
The care and feeding of more than 250,000 zebrafish just got better, thanks to a $4 million grant from the Massachusetts Life Sciences Center to upgrade Boston Children's Hospital's Karp Aquatics Facility. Aside from the fish, patients with cancer, blood diseases and more stand to benefit.
Research on cancer immunotherapy—treatments that spur an immune response against cancer cells—has boomed in recent years. And one of the more recent methods—called chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy—is now in a clinical trial.
A recent study conducted by Boston Children's Hospital urologist Carlos Estrada, MD and bioengineer Joshua Mauney, PhD, shows two-layer, biodegradable silk scaffolds to be a promising cell-free, "off-the-shelf" alternative to traditional implants for the reconstruction.
Researchers at Boston Children's have found a noninvasive alternative method to measure children's intracranial pressure in the ear.
Edda Fiebiger, PhD, has been studying IgE and allergies for years, and has noticed a curious association in several epidemiologic studies: people with high levels of IgE in their blood (as in people with allergies) have a lower risk of certain cancers.
Some great inventions were on view at the second annual Boston Children's Hospital Innovators Showcase. Hosted by the hospital's Innovation Acceleration Program and Technology & Innovation Development Office, the event featured everything from virtual reality goggles with gesture control to biomedical technologies.
It's long been known that a master clock in the hypothalamus, deep in the center of our brain, governs our bodily functions on a 24-hour cycle.
David Hunter, MD, PhD, chief of Ophthalmology at Boston Children's Hospital, gets a lot of questions from parents, but the number one question is: "What can my baby see?"
Can sequencing of newborns' genomes provide useful medical information beyond what current newborn screening already provides? What results are appropriate to report back to parents? What are the potential risks and harms? How should DNA sequencing information be integrated into patient care?
Children with Rett syndrome display distinctive hand movements or stereotypies, including hand wringing, clasping and other repetitive hand movements. With help from a grant from Boston Children's Hospital's Innovation Acceleration Program, researchers are transforming these hand movements into an assessment tool.
Boston Children's Hospital received nearly $2.2 million from the Massachusetts Life Sciences Center (MLSC) to create a Human Neuron Core. The facility will allow researchers at Boston Children's and beyond to study neurodevelopmental, psychiatric and neurological disorders directly in living, functioning neurons made from patients with these disorders.
Our genes can mutate at any point in our lives. In rare cases, a mutation randomly occurs in a single cell of an embryo and gets carried forward only in the descendants of that particular cell, leaving its mark in some tissues, but not in others. This pattern of mutation, called somatic mosaicsm, can have complicated consequences down the road.
Life teems with interactions. Proteins bind. Bonds form between atoms, and break. Enzymes cut. Drugs attach to cell receptors. DNA hybridizes. Those interactions make the processes of life work, and capturing them has led to many medical advances.
"This ground-breaking paper shows that with encapsulated, frozen donor stool, fecal transplantation can be used to successfully treat recurring C-diff infection in 90 percent of cases," says George H. Russell, MD, MS, pediatric gastroenterologist in the Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center at Boston Children's Hospital and co-author of the Massachusetts General Hospital-sponsored study.
As Epilepsy Awareness month closes out and we embark upon the holiday season, we're pleased to see an innovation initiated here at Boston Children's Hospital move toward commercial development.
Evolution is a strange thing: sometimes it favors keeping a mutation in the gene pool, even when a double dose of it is harmful—even fatal. Why? Because a single copy of that mutation is protective in certain situations.
A major theme at Taking on Tomorrow 2014 was the difficulty in making the business case for innovation in pediatrics, since the market size is small relative to the adult market. Muna AbdulRaqqaq Tahlak, MD, CEO of Latifa Hospital in Dubai, was among many who urged innovators to collaborate and aggregate their data to make the most impact.
An alternative method to measure intracranial pressure
BabySee: Mobile app lets you see through an infant's eyes
Can rare disease genes be protective?
Ken Mandl, MD, MPH
Mandl is used to seeing the world through a different lens. In high school, he began clicking photographs and developing them in a darkroom in his basement. Now, he frames subjects through the lens of epidemiology and informatics.
John Brownstein, PhD
Boston Children's Hospital's new chief innovation officer is an epidemiologist by training and a founding father of the growing field of digital epidemiology—the use of digital data from a variety of sources to detect and track disease and promote health.
Bruce Zetter, PhD
Though he has had a lifelong passion for science, he once toyed with an acting career. But he stuck with science and pursued a career in academic medicine. Countless patients, students, business partners and mentees have benefitted.
Michael J. Docktor, MD,
Boston Children's Hospital's clinical director of Innovation and director of Clinical Mobile Solutions, is also a practicing gastroenterologist, a proud father of two and a passionate mobile-and-digital health trailblazer.
Gena Koufos, RN, MS, MBA, is program manager in Boston Children's Hospital's Innovation Acceleration Program. Her role entails designing new programs to support innovation acceleration across the institution
David G. Hunter, MD, PhD, dreamed of a career as a rock star. Instead, he became Boston Children's Hospital's ophthalmologist-in-chief and invented the Pediatric Vision Scanner.
Martha Murray, MD has been on a 30-year quest to devise a better way to treat anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears.
With all of the recent buzz about precision medicine, it's no wonder that William Pu, MD is gaining recognition for his innovative application of stem cell science and gene therapy to study Barth syndrome, a type of heart disease that severely weakens heart muscle. Pu's research was recently recognized by the American Heart Association as one of the top ten cardiovascular disease research advances of 2014.
He's a big thinker focused on harnessing the hyper-small. Daniel Kohane, MD, PhD, is a leading drug delivery and biomaterials researcher, leveraging nanoparticle technology and other new vehicles to make medications safer and more effective.
Improbable as it sounds, autism researcher Susan Faja, PhD, likens her job to improv. "I really like Tina Fey's description of her days as an improv comedian," says Faja, who joined ...
Beggs Laboratory: Current studies are aimed at identification of new nemaline myopathy genes, understanding the basis for the variability observed, and determining how these mutations affect muscle function and lead to weakness.
The Lencer Laboratory is located in the GI Cell and Developmental Biology Laboratories in the GI Division at Boston Children's Hospital.
Sports Medicine Research Laboratory
Led by principal investigator Dr. Martha M. Murray, focuses on sports medicine injuries, including those of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), knee meniscus and articular cartilage.
Sankaran Laboratory
Utilizing rare and common human genetic variation to improve our understanding of red blood cell production and globin gene regulation with application to numerous blood diseases.
The Zon Laboratory focuses on the use of the zebrafish model for research into hematopoiesis and as a screen for oncogenic genes and proteins.
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Your viral history in a drop of blood: http://t.co/941L7aWL0d via @harvardmed @haleybridger
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Make #genomics history: Deadline is June 25 to apply to #undiagnosed disease challenge. http://t.co/KbVnPKYuCz cc @harvardmed
Applications close June 25: Crowd-sourcing the medical mysteries of the #undiagnosed: http://t.co/YfNiA5DQS3 cc @CatBrownstein
Neuroenhancement is a constant. History infers future brain possibilities are endless: http://t.co/rdaD3BPtxJ via @TheAtlantic @mkonnikova
How many viruses have invaded your body during your life? Now you can know: http://t.co/sOeIRjg6sm via @washingtonpost @brady_dennis
Fruit flies + #optogenetics may lift the veil of mystery on motivation: http://t.co/s1KvbkLmEe http://t.co/fF9LyoP235
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- Saritha Choudhry
- Coimbatore/chennai
- India
English Teacher, Make A Difference
This conversation is closed.
Why not have schools and universities ALL OVER THE WORLD where you can pick and choose only the subjects that you are interested in?
According to my knowledge, very few schools and universities have the option of learning whatever you are interested in.
So, for example:
If a person wants to do an English language course for his / her UG, why must he / she learn all the Science subjects in high school. Wont it be better if they concentrate on that instead of distracting their minds with too much to study? Wont just the basic Sciences be enough?
And if we take English Literature, why should we learn Shakespeare's work in detailed? His works are lovely, no doubt, but isn't that a little too much to study? When a person, who loves writing poems and stories and doesn't like critical analyses of works, wants do do his/her undergraduate studies in poetry writing and story/essay writing, why must he / she go into the depth of Literature? Also that person might want to do a degree in Mathematics at the same time. so why not let them choose the courses and subjects? So he / she could get a degree in the both English writing and Mathematics?
I have always wondered why this kind of freedom is not given to the students. Comments, ideas and suggestions are most welcome!!
Mar 19 2013: Here is a video which you may find helpful.
http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/answer-sheet/wp/2013/02/20/if-students-designed-their-own-school-it-would-look-like-this/?tid=pm_local_popMar 18 2013: Dear ZX Style,
Thank you for your reply. Employers search or want people who are really well experienced in their field. But yes, they do look at other abilities and general knowledge too. So through this education that I'm trying to develop, people will still have knowledge about other subjects too.Mar 18 2013: Dear Ms. Kearney,
Thank you for your reply!
I am stuck in a similar situation too. I would like to pursue my career in dancing after I am done with my high school. But now, in high school, I am in a class where I have to learn high standards of Economics, Commerce, Business Mathematics and Accountancy when I have no plans of doing anything related to Business later on. Like mentioned earlier, I don't mean to say that I shouldn't have any knowledge in the subjects. All I say is that the education system could be in such a way that I am let to do an intensive study in dancing and know the basics of the other subjects in high school.
But yes, this kind of system, I feel, does not need to be followed in Elementary or Middle schools! In that stage of schooling, children must learn their sciences, history and geography so that they will have at least basic knowledge about what is around them or what people had to undergo in the past so that they'd be content with what they have!
Thank you!Mar 18 2013: Dear Mr. Curt,
Thank you for your reply! Through the question I asked, I don't mean to say that we should have knowledge only in the field we want to pursue. Yes, it is understood that one cannot do without knowing other subjects too. So, what I mean to say is that, we could not concentrate mainly on the subject we want to learn and just know the basics of the other subjects.Mar 18 2013: Dear Mr. Pintér,
First of all, thank you for your reply. I do want to start schools and colleges which offers the subjects a person is interested in. But, I am not done with my schooling as yet, So I am just waiting to complete my education so that I can do my bit to the society.Mar 17 2013: Great question! I agree!
I asked this same question as I returned to school. I retired from 22+ years in the military, finding it preposterous and an fiscal insult to take classes which I have no intrest in; but must take to have a degree.
In a spirited conversation I pointed out, the concept of education hails from ancient Greece. Concept being if one is educated, one must be knowledgeable in science, the arts, math, and humanities. This may have been true even up to a hundred years ago. However, times have certainly changed. I would much prefer to expend my money and time, focusing in areas of interest which will benefit me. Certainly I have little interest in looking at rocks or dissecting a preserved animal, unless I am interested in the sciences. I am not. Unfortunately I must take this class to prove myself worthy of an education. Why?
In the President Obama's recent speech, he eluded there needed to be education reform within the U.S. I hope this idea is one he would consider. I believe the success rate in education would be greater and more people would advance their economic standing; and not mind paying back student loans because they learned what was beneficial for them.
Again, great question! I look forward to hearing what other write!Mar 5 2013: Well the idea against this is that we don't want a bunch of dumbasses who only can do one thing running around making impartial non knowledgeable decisions so no its not there's a reason for the way it isMar 5 2013: you frame the question in a way that it is in fact a proposal. why don't we = we should consider.
but i think it is more fruitful to take the question literally, and examine the actual reasons. if you think it is good, what prevents you doing that? why don't we have such schools?


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Regions :: Southeast Asia
Belarus's BPC to export 2.5 million m.t. of potash to Southeast Asia during 2013
8:48 AM MDT | March 21, 2013 | Francinia Protti-Alvarez
Belarusian Potash Co. (BPC; Minsk) will export about 2.5 million m.t. of potash to Southeast Asia via its office in Singapore in 2013, according to a report from the BelTA news service. "This is a step forward which will produce positive results in the future, and will help Belarus build up its presence in the region," says Valery Ivanov, director general of BPC, as quoted in the report. BPC opened a regional office in Singapore in 2006 and sells potash to 12 countries in Southeast Asia. Belarus is expected to supply 250,000 m.t. of potash to Indonesia...
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For those inspired by the heroic life of Rocky, this is the ultimate poster for your wall. Printed directly from an original photographic negative and affixed with an official NFL serialized hologram, this is both a beautiful addition to your sports wall-of-fame, and a rare collector's item for years to come. A SportsPosterWarehouse.com exclusive, this poster will bring back a flood of great football memories with every glance!
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CORNING — It was pretty much in the bag Friday night.
The foundation for Creston/Orient-Macksburg's dominating title run at the 58th annual John J. Harris Invitational was laid in the quarterfinal round. Leading Clarinda 35-28 after the first round, the Panthers zoomed ahead with nine wrestlers reaching the semifinal round, including upset victories by Jacob Johnston at 145 pounds and Gavin Leith at 152.
By the end of Friday's second round, the Panthers had compiled 95.5 points. The next closest was Clarinda with 58.5.
"Everybody took care of business Friday, and that made it easier on us today," said coach Darrell Frain, after his team defended its 2012 title.
The fourth-ranked Panthers, fueled by three champions and eight wrestlers placing fourth or better, racked up 222.5 points to finish 82.5 ahead of Hawkeye 10 Conference rival Clarinda, and 114 ahead of third-place Chariton.
Big finish
Creston/O-M sent four wrestlers into the finals, twice as many as the eight teams that each sent two. The Panthers finished strong, going 9-2 in the final placing matches with 11 placewinners overall.
"The team wrestled well," said 195-pound champion Keaton Hulett. "A lot of kids stepped up."
"It took a lot of unseeded or lower-seeded kids for us to get nine into the semis," Frain said. "Guys like Gage Cheers, Gavin Leith, Jacob Johnston, Nate Robinson and Kruz Adamson. We had a big group of guys come through with big wins for us."
At 145 pounds, the sixth-seeded Johnston pinned No. 3 seed Jaydn Erlandson of Nodaway Valley to reach the semifinals, where he lost to champion Darrian Irlbeck of Tri-Center. Johnston rebounded to place third.
The unseeded Leith ended up fifth at 152 after reaching Saturday's semifinals. Cheers did the same at 126 pounds. Robinson ended up fourth at heavyweight, losing by fall in the third-place match Mount Ayr's Joe Ricker.
Cole Tanner took third at 220 pounds in one of the highlight performances, Frain said. He lost a tight 3-2 semifinal match to champion Blake Glenn of Winterset, then won two consolation matches.
Joining the upper-weight success was freshman Seth Maitlen. Although falling short of the semifinals, he fought his way through the consolation bracket to place fifth with a major decision victory in his final match.
"Our freshmen, Seth and Joey Huntington, really competed well here," Frain said. Huntington came up one victory short of placing at 132.
Adam Baker matched his third seed at 160 pounds after losing a 10-4 semifinal match against Mount Ayr's Shane Swank. Top-seed Kallan Schmelzer of Corning then edged Swank, 7-5 in overtime, for the title.
It was no surprise for Creston/O-M's trio of Jake Marlin, Trevor Frain and Keaton Hulett to reach the finals and claim championships. But, Kruz Adamson is a recent spark to the lineup after moving down to 113 from 120 when Wyatt Thompson contracted a skin infection.
Adamson still has to challenge Thompson for the full-time position at 113, but he's taken advantage of the opportunity with a productive week. In his quarterfinal match he clipped Shenandoah's Zac McCoy, 4-3, scoring on a late reversal and tilt nearfall.
Adamson upset No. 1 seeded Christian Polley of Tri-Center, 9-4, in Saturday's semifinals. He got off to a great start in the match with two first-period takedowns.
That set up a championship match against Dusten Reed of Bedford/Lenox. Tied at 2-2 after two periods, Reed got two takedowns in the third period. Adamson's reversal with 35 seconds left closed it to 6-5, but he was unable to turn Reed in the final seconds.
"It's easier at 113," the Panther junior said. "It's more my weight."
Three titles
Frain overcame a midweek bout of the stomach flu to claim the 170-pound title, despite feeling sapped after his first bout Friday night.
"He missed school Wednesday and couldn't make it through practice Thursday, so I tried to tell him not to wrestle," coach Frain said. "He didn't feel well at all Friday night, but he felt better Saturday."
Frain outpointed Atlantic's Matt Williamson in the finals, 6-3.
"He's really strong," Frain said. "You just have to be quicker than him."
The all-state linebacker relied on one of his football trademarks for offense.
"I've been working on my double (leg), getting of to the side and just burying him, more like a tackle in football," Frain said.
Marlin and Hulett, both ranked No. 1 in Class 2A, were not challenged, but used their final matches to "tune up" their repertoire.
Despite an aggressive early challenge from Missouri Valley state placewinner Brett Marcum, Marlin put on a clinic on his feet with seven takedowns and a 14-5 lead before winning by fall in the second period.
"Coach Frain said I had to get at least five leg attacks before I pinned him," said the three-time state champ, improving to 38-1.
Hulett, likewise, won by three falls and a 13-4 major decision, showing improvement in his offense.
"The goal the past two to three weeks has been to get better on my feet," said Hulett, now 35-1. "The semifinal was a takedown-letup match. I scored on a lot of singles today. The kid in the finals tried to throw me at the beginning, but I countered it and got a few back points."
Area highlights
Host Corning placed seventh with 79.5 points, led by Schmelzer's title at 160 and a runner-up finish by Logan Wood at 106.
Mount Ayr was 11th among 22 teams with 67.5 points. Swank and 132-pounder Erik Freed were each second. Freed lost an overtime decision to Shenandoah's Joseph Heitsusen in the finals.
Reed's title led Bedford/Lenox to a 12th-place finish with 64 points. Cole Bonde was second at 182.
The tournament began Friday with a moment of silence for Wayne Christensen of Lenox, who died Jan. 13 at age 84. He had several children and grandchildren participate in the John J. Harris Invitational over the years, as wrestlers coaches and officials.
John J. Harris Invitational
Team scoring (champions) — 1. Creston/O-M (3) 222.5; 2. Clarinda (1) 140; 3. Chariton (2) 108.5; 4. Tri-Center (2) 108; 5. Riverside 93.5; 6. Atlantic 92; 7. Corning (1) 79.5; 8. Winterset (1) 76; 9. Shenandoah (1) 72; 10. Red Oak (1) 70; 11. Mount Ayr 67.5; 12. Bedford/Lenox (1) 64; 13. Panorama 63; 14. East Mills (1) 63; 15. Missouri Valley 58; 16. Coon Rapids-Bayard 57.5; 17. Griswold 56.5; 18. Central Decatur 45; 19. Southwest Iowa 42; 20. Nodaway Valley 37; 21. Osceola Clarke 26; 22. Wayne, Corydon 11.
Championship matches
106 — Tanner Mertz (RO) major dec. Logan Wood (Corn), 13-0.
113 — Dusten Reed (B/L) dec. Kruz Adamson (Cr), 6-5.
120 — Blake Luna (Clar) pinned Dillion Cox (Atl), 2:35.
126 — Devin Harberts (Ch) dec. Geoff Sellers (RO), 9-8.
132 — Joseph Heitzhusen (Shen) dec. Erik Freed (MA), 8-6 OT.
138 — Jake Marlin (Cr) pinned Brett Marcum (MV), 2:32.
145 — Darrian Irlbeck (T-C) dec. Luke Strong (Clar), 5-4 OT.
152 — Loren Williams T-C dec. Zach Moss (Wint), 7-1.
160 — Kallan Schmelzer (Corn) dec. Shane Swank (MA), 7-5 OT.
170 — Trevor Frain (Cr) dec. Matt Williamson (Atl), 6-3.
182 — Carter Isley (Ch) dec. Cole Bonde (B/L), 9-4.
195 — Keaton Hulett (Cr) pinned Taylor Hein (Pan), 3:27.
220 — Blake Glenn (Wint) dec. Mark Hall (SWI), 5-4.
285 — David Howell (EM) pinned Garrett Johnston (Pan), 5:38.
Consolation finals
106 — 3. Nick Rounds (MV) pinned Britton Gibson (Wint), 1:41; 5. Craig Rice (SWI) injury def. over Micah Hoffman (CR-B).
113 — 3. Zac McCoy (Shen) dec. Christian Polley (T-C), 9-2; 5. Jacob Vogel (Riv) pinned Dakota Petty (RO), 3:56.
120 — 3. Sean Skillern (Shen) pinned Christian Hilgenberg (CR-B),m 5:22; 5. Tucker Bluml (Riv) pinned Nic Ryan (Ch), :50.
126 — Cole Race (Clar) dec. Zach Vance (Gris), 9-2; 5. Gage Cheers (Cr) pinned Jake Johnson (Shen), 4:50.
132 — 3. Tanner Poush (Ch) pinned Reid Nichols (Atl), :38; 5. Clay Harris (Riv) pinned Zach Evans (CR-B), 3:17.
138 — 3. Tyler Nance (Ch) pinned Tanner Potter (Gris), 5:03; 5. Jared Thompson (NV) injury default over Travis Henningsen (Riv).
145 — 3. Jacob Johnston (Cr) pinned Logan Namanny (CR-B), 2:24; 5. Josh Metheny (Gris) major dec. Zach Morris (Riv), 10-1.
152 — 3. Kain Queck (NV) dec. J.J. Clark (Clar), 8-2; 5. Gavin Leith (Cr) dec. Justin Marn (Corn), 4-2.
160 — 3. Adam Baker (Cr) injury def. over Trenton Carson (CD); 5. Dylon French (B/L) dec. Spencer Winnett (CR-B), 10-5.
170 — 3. Jacob Bair (Clk) pinned Payton Housman (Riv), 1:48; 5. Trenton Wells (CD) pinned Christian Lauritsen (Clar), 3:16.
182 — 3. Ben Wellman (T-C) pinned Zach Barton (Corn), :39; 5. Seth Maitlen (Cr) major dec. Dusty Swindler (Clar), 9-1.
195 — 3. Tyler Stork (Atl) dec. Austin Lorenz (Gris), 3-2; 5. Colton Story (EM) pinned Brandon Paulsen (Riv), 1:01.
220 — 3. Cole Tanner (Cr) pinned John Wohlers (MV), 3:31; 5. Tate Vandyne (Way) dec. Tyler Christensen (Atl), 3-1.
285 — 3. Joe Ricker (MA) pinned Nate Robinson (Cr), 1:49; 5. Dakota Calfee (Clar) pinned Jacob Wohlers (T-C), 2:59.


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Nature And Wildlife
Nature and wildlife thrives throughout Birmingham, not just on sites like Sutton Park, that is a National Nature Reserve, but also on the 10 Local Nature Reserves, the 156 other locally designated nature conservation sites and on other green spaces within the City.
Wildlife recording: become a biodiversity volunteer.
©Stefan Bodnar
Birmingham City Council Ranger Service offers opportunities to record and monitor wildlife within the City. In particular you can contribute to breeding bird surveys, wintering bird surveys on pools, movement and bird ringing studies, and recording/monitoring protected species such as black redstart and peregrine.
If you're interested in becoming a volunteer or working with the Parks ranger service please follow this link and complete our on-line form (If the site you're interested in is not included in the drop down list please choose the nearest and include further detail in the free text box).
The OPAL Project
The OPAL project is a Lottery Funded Research and Public Engagement Project that is being run by Birmingham University in Partnership with the Parks Service over a 5 year period. It involves:
a) Public engagement: this facilitates public involvement and visits to Parks sites, part of the Ranger services stated aim of 'Connecting people with Nature'. It provides additional resource to that provided by the Ranger service and enables outreach to groups and audiences not widely reached.
b) Species recording: the recording of wildlife regularly within Parks sites is a fundamental requirement of the NERC Act, where such partnership approaches are demonstrated as best practice and production of Management and Green Flag plans, where the gathering of biological records for sites and voluntary sector engagement are requirements
c) Research: the programme is funding 3 research posts, based at the University that are investigating ecological functionality and connectivity throughout Birmingham. This is fundamental research that will provide a large volume of biological data related to Parks owned sites and the processes and dynamics of these sites and the wildlife populations within them. In particular, there has been extensive support for the bird research programme involving co-ordination of large numbers of volunteers in recording birds (this is ongoing and being developed further throughout 2011/12.
©Stefan Bodnar
Higher Level Stewardship
Higher Level Stewardship is an agri-environmental grant scheme that aims to deliver significant environmental benefits in areas that are of high biodiversity value. It involves complex environmental management requiring support and advice from Natural England advisers, and provides funding for key management work over a 10 year period. The parks Service have successfully secured £1 million for Sutton Park National Nature Reserve to enable management of the heathland and grazing herds within the Park. This year extensive habitat management work, mainly involving birch removal, has been undertaken by the Parks Woodland Team.
This year we have achieved outline approval for the Higher Level Stewardship scheme at the Lickey Hills and we are aiming to develop a scheme that will take in all other eligible areas of land controlled by Parks.
Local Biodiversity Action Plan
©Andy Mabbett
This year the Parks Service signed up to the revised Birmingham and Black Country Biodiversity Action Plan, as a key member of the Partnership.
Since the publication of the first Biodiversity Action Plan for Birmingham and The Black Country (2000) there has been a significant update to the legislation, guidance and mechanisms for supporting biodiversity and actions to help prevent its decline. Each section deals with elements of biodiversity conservation and management, beginning with the importance of why biodiversity should be integrated into planning policies and the strategic direction for Birmingham and the Black Country in order to enable the area to continue in its prosperity and maintain a healthy population.
The strategic nature of this plan will enable Parks, to embed biodiversity within our structures and management plans and provide justification for policies and actions. It will influence and guide habitat management and shape certain Parks regeneration projects and grounds maintenance operations.
National Indicator 197
National Indicator 197 is a National Government measure of how the Local Authority performs, in delivering positive conservation management of locally designated nature conservation sites (both Privately owned and Birmingham City Council). This can range from managing woodlands to ensure regeneration, preventing colonisation of heathlands and traditional grazing and hay cutting of meadows. Birmingham Parks control the management of 83 locally designated sites, and score very highly, in delivering the vast majority of these sites into positive management. In 2011, 91% of Parks controlled sites were in positive management, often involving local community groups and volunteers in partnership with the Ranger Service. We have an improvement programme aiming at 100% of Parks Controlled 'Local sites' in positive management by 2014.


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Day Trips
Best Day Trips For Families Around Tampa
Looking to get away, but not too far away? A day trip is the best way to get that accomplished. In and around Tampa, there are dozens of places for you and your family to chase off the cares of life and let loose a little bit.


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| You Do What? - I'm a Personal Shopper
by Johonna Duckworth and Courtney Omernick - Aug, 2013
Do you have no idea what to wear? No time to make a decision? The life of a personal shopper is all about helping individuals find the perfect outfit! Courtney Omernick sits down with Johonna Duckworth, lead image consultant at Creative Images in Milwaukee, to discuss her background in personal shopping and learn a bit more about the position. You Do What? is a fun show about odd jobs so our listeners can hear funny and int...
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