text: Watch a video Watch a video review from one of our experts Red Angled view (Red) Angled view (Red) Back (shown in black) Connectected to iPad® (iPad not included) Product package Use iDo's analog outputs to connect headphones or a stereo system Photos (7) Videos (3) View larger Nuforce Icon iDo Digital-to-analog converter/headphone amplifier for iPod touch®, iPhone®, and iPad® (Red) Item #: 773IDORED 23 Reviews This item is no longer available. Original Price: $149.99 Shop all DACs Need help? 1.888.955.6000 Email Chat Ask an expert advisor No pressure, no commission — just lots of good advice from our highly trained staff. Overview Reviews Details Accessories Staff Reviews Articles & Videos by Dave Bar The portable music lover's dilemma Sure, your iPhone works just fine with lightweight portable headphones while you're on the go. But what happens when you get to work, or home, and want to listen to your mobile music library through some serious high-fidelity cans? Or your big-rig audio system? What happens is... not much! At least, not much that sounds good, anyway. And that's the problem the made-for-earbuds circuitry inside your iPod touch, iPhone, or iPad has a choke hold on the sound of your music. It just can't muster the power and precision that is absolutely vital for critical listening on a high-quality sound system or high-end headphones. NuForce has the perfect solution to this problem. Get pure digital performance The impressive Icon iDo gives you a direct digital connection to the music on your player for richer, fuller sound. Just plug the supplied cable into your Apple device's dock connector (or use the cable that came with your player). You'll be feeding your music in its original digital form through the iDo's audiophile-grade digital-to-analog converter. This bypasses your player's DAC and headphone amp, allowing you to hear your tunes with dramatically improved clarity. The iDo's versatile output connections give you the flexibility to enjoy your music on your finest headphones, powered speakers, home theater, or stereo system. Realize your music's full potential If you've never heard your digital music played through a high-quality DAC or headphone amp, you're in for a big treat. You'll get sparkling clear highs, detailed midrange, and deep, sonorous bass you can feel all the way down to your tailbone. Every instrument and vocal stands out clearly and distinctly in its own separate space, allowing you to easily follow each one note-for-note. You'll feel immersed in sound with a greater sense of ambient space around you. From the review A one-stop solution to get quality sound from your Apple portable "Overall, this product feels well-designed and thought through and reasonably priced... I have a feeling Nuforce's mighty iDo will rank high on my wish list for the upcoming year." Woody, Crutchfield Home A/V Writer Product Highlights:desktop digital-to-analog converter exclusively for use with select iPods, iPod® touch, iPhone®, and iPad®back-panel USB port accepts direct digital signal from player, bypassing its built-in DAC and analog audio output circuitry for superior soundbuilt-in high-quality headphone amplifier drives headphones with impedance of up to 300 ohmsbuilt-in high-resolution 24-bit DAC for greater sonic detailbit-perfect, low-jitter USB operationno sample rate conversion for purer sound qualitydigitally controlled analog volume control provides precise level adjustmentsbuilt-in IR receiver accepts control signals from the Apple Remote for volume and playback adjustment on connected playersinputs:USB Type A (compatible with iPod/iPhone/iPad only)outputs:3.5mm minijack headphone1 pair gold-plated RCA analog audiogold-plated RCA coaxial digital audioexternal power supply includedremovable non-slip silicone stand included30-pin dock port-to-USB cable included6-3/8"H x 3-3/16"W x 5-1/2"D (with stand attached)warranty: 1 yearOur 60-day money-back guarantee Turn 1s and 0s into sweet sounding music Why buy a separate DAC? These devices are all about getting true high-fidelity sound from digital sources like computers, streaming music players, smartphones, and more. While these kinds of sources usually have their own digital-to-analog converters built in, you can expect a separate DAC to give you much better accuracy and finer detail. Nuforce Icon iDo Reviews Average Customer Review: 23 reviews Review this product Submit a review and then enter to win a $350 rewards card Filter by rating: 5 Star: (0) 4 Star: (0) 3 Star: (0) 2 Star: (0) 1 Star: (0) Review this product: Thanks for taking the time to share your experiences about this product. Please be sure to focus your comments on the product itself. Read our Review Guidelines for more information. Review title * Email Your email won't be visible. Please use the email address that is associated with your order. 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We reserve the right (but are not obligated to) review all submissions and edit or remove any review in any manner which we deem necessary. Your review should be posted within seven days. Your iPod listening experience explodes ! Written By T. Janes, Bel Air, Maryland on Tuesday, July 09, 2013 Crutchfield Customer Review (What's this?) I am a critical listener. When listening I am looking for clarity and resolution. I'm listening for crisp rim shots on the snare drum or any other percussion instrument, the detail and clarity of strings, the smoothness of the standing base, and a tight base on any of the lower notes. Im listening for how well the music source is engineered and produced (how the session musicians sound). Finally I'm listening to the vocals, melodies, and harmonies . I use a good pair of Sennheiser over the ear headphones or a pair of UE in- the- ear buds plugged in to the NUforce Icon iDo, and I use the included USB chord to plug in my iPod. The NuForce is a substantial, well weighted, the size of a standard paperback book, DAC amplifier. It is thoughtfully engineered with intuitive, simple controls and can be positioned horizontally or vertically. Mine sits vertically in an ingenious, non-marring stand (abt 2 x 5 inches ) on my nightstand. The single large knob has a nicely machined action that controls the volume with electric blue led indicator lights. There is a small green led light to indicate that the pushbutton switch on the back has been turned on. The AC-DC converter also has a green led signaling that it is powered. Finally, after listening to my iPod for years now with just its ability to reproduce through phones or buds, I was stunned by the difference the NuForce Icon iDo makes. Small enough to take with you and very fairly priced for a quality piece. Pros: Magnitude improvement in quality and faithfulness of music source reproduction Metal cabinet, weight, thoughtful engineering, beautiful stand for vertical mount Fairly priced Cons: I bought a standard Apple USB cord to go with mine- not needed! It comes with one for a direct connection into your iPod/handheld 3 out of 3 people found this helpful Was this review helpful? Yes No Improvement but still lacking Written By Majog, NY on Tuesday, July 09, 2013 Crutchfield Customer Review (What's this?) I bought this inplace of the DAC module for my NAD integrated amp because it natively played Ipad and Iphone devices. I was surprised that I had to turn the volume up on it as much as I did and that the sound was not as clear and crisp as from the CD player. It is a nice to have but a bit disappointing based on the other reviews. Pros: Easy to install and use; price; functionality Cons: Power; volume; clarity. Was this review helpful? Yes No Quality Product Written By TimM, Dallas, TX on Sunday, June 16, 2013 Crutchfield Customer Review (What's this?) The first thing I noticed was that the iDo has a big effect on the clarity of your audio files. Distortion on a guitar sounds crisper and crunchier. Bass guitar sound effects came to life when before I hadn't even noticed them. Drums, especially the snare, sounded better. Exactly what was improved varies by album, so it's been exciting to go back and listen to all of my music again. The guitar & drums in "Possum Kingdom" by the Toadies were clearer, resulting in a slight but noticeable improvement in the overall quality. "Don't Panic" by Coldplay sounded like a new song. The harsh snare/high hat faded to the background as the guitars in that song finally came out. The vocals sounded so much better that I checked to make sure that I was listening to the usual recording. In Soundgarden's "Outshined," I heard a background guitar rift that I'd never heard before. This is a great product at a great price. Make sure that you have a decent set of headphones and at least a high quality mp3 rip to get the most out of this product. NuForce's website does not say that the iDo will work with the 7th gen iPod Nano, while Crutchfield's website says that it does work. I have the 7th gen iPod Nano and I can confirm that it does work with the iDo. Pros: Improved Sound Quality, Build Quality, Price, Charges your device while you use it Cons: Limited Support for Older Apple Devices. 1 out of 1 people found this helpful Was this review helpful? Yes No NuForce iCon iDo for iPod Written By JimS, Valrico, FL on Sunday, May 05, 2013 Crutchfield Customer Review (What's this?) I purchased the iCon iDo to improve the sound using headphones directly jacked into my iPod Classic. Several audio stores I contacted suggested purchasing a dedicated headphone amp ($400 or more), a new DAC( $400) plus an iPod dock. Oh, and better headphones, maybe Sennheiser 650s. I have been using AKG K240 Studio over ear headphones. They give a "very good" sound directly jacked into the iPod and are very confortable--no "head clamp." All I wanted was "some" improvement in sound. I saw the NuForce iDo on the Crutchfield site and it appeared to do the job of all the above extras (amp/Dac/dock). So I bought it. Results: I have been using the iDo for 2 weeks. The music on my iPod was all downloaded from CDs and includes classical, jazz (mostly 1950s bop) and some rock. The iDo was a clear improvement over the direct headphone to iPod arrangement. Recordings that sounded good without the iDo now sound excellent. More detail, more feeling of presence and generally hearing things I had not heard on the recordings before. Also, a smoother sound which is hard to explain. Not a loss of unpleasant harshness, just a more pleasing tone to many recordings. Poorly recorded material was not improved. The audio info just isn't there to be improved. Even some very old records (Louis Armstrong) from the 1920 sounded much better. The iDo seemed to get through to the analog grooves directly cut by the needle. The improvement is sometimes subtle, but it is there. Pros: Good price. Easy to set up and use. Excellent volume control. Recharges iPod automatically. Provides a clear improvement in sound quality over simply jacking headphones directly into the iPod. (I only tested with full-size over-ear and on-ear phones, not earbuds). Solidly built. Cons: Needs a power source, so it is not portable. Only has the small jack input, not the 1/4" hole. 3 out of 3 people found this helpful Was this review helpful? Yes No Great DAC Written By PeteS, Arlington VA on Friday, April 19, 2013 Crutchfield Customer Review (What's this?) Tried this with my Sennheiser PXC 150 headphones and made them sound like I paid twice as much or more. Then hooked them up to my portable stereo and made it sound better than my home stereo. I have already recommended the IDO to 5 of my friends. You can't go wrong Pros: Works great with an Apple remote, sounds awesome, priced right Cons: none 1 out of 1 people found this helpful Was this review helpful? Yes No It's a modest improvement, but nothing spectacular. Written By AJT, Maryland on Friday, March 22, 2013 Crutchfield Customer Review (What's this?) It improves the sound, but in terms of clarity compared to the iPhone's DAC, I can't tell if it is just the amp providing more "oomph" or the DAC providing any appreciably better sound. If I compare the two, the general clarity of sound between the iPhone's DAC and iDo's DAC doesn't seem to be significantly different so I'm thinking it is mostly the amp. The iDo does sound clearer, but not much to my ears. I find the iDo's mid-range, while louder, is kinda muddy at times, and for me, this is disappointing, because I like balanced sound. Another problem is the 1/8" phone jack. With an adapter on a 1/4" plug, it seems to strain the jack. I stuck a small pad of post-it notes underneath it for stability, but honestly, it is a headphone amp, so why not a 1/4" plug to use with audiophile headphones? The volume knob has clicks, but it is hard to fine tune the sound with the unit's volume knob. I tend to go to the iPhone for fine-tuning volume. I have had a few instances of flakey performance... you plug the iDevice in, and you get no sound. Unplugging the device in most instances will fix it. One time I had to restart the iPhone and plug it back in to get it to work. The iDo is a nice single unit form factor, has coax out, and is an improvement from the stock iDevice. I may pick-up a separate headphone amp to use with the iPhone and see if there is any difference. I'm thinking a vacuum tube unit. If there is not a significant difference, I may sell the iDo. Pros: Nice form factor. Coax out. Decent, but not stellar improvement over listening directly from iDevice Cons: No 1/4" jack. Louder, but not necessarily improved sound from iDevice's DAC. Flakey performance, though usually resolved with reconnecting device. 1 out of 1 people found this helpful Was this review helpful? Yes No Works with Ipad Retina (IPAD 4th gen) Written By Bob-D, Beverly, Ma. on Friday, February 15, 2013 Just an update to the other 4 & 5 star reviews (which I completely agree with). The Ido works well with the new IPAD Retina (4th gen). It also has the UN-advertised benefit of giving a boost to the signal level at it's Line Out jacks. This allows the Iphone/Ipad to be kept at a moderate volume level setting (to reduce clipping potential) and still produces enough signal to drive most amps. Very nice benefits on top of the very noticeable improvement in sound quality over standard head-phone outputs. Pros: Nice level boost to work as line driver with larger systems. Cons: None 2 out of 2 people found this helpful Was this review helpful? Yes No The missing link Written By Brent, Richland, Wa on Saturday, February 02, 2013 Crutchfield Customer Review (What's this?) I bought this together with a set of Grado SR325is headphones (see also that review). I use an iPad 2 with lossless music files as the source. The sound is much better than through the headphones directly into the iPad. As far as I can tell the digital to analog conversion is perfect and the frequency response is very uniform over the whole audible range. I can't quite put my finger on it, but there is something very slightly lacking in the iDo headphone output versus what I hear when I run analog out from the iDo's RCA terminals into my Onkyo 8522 receiver and plug into its (the 8522's) headphone out. But then again, that is not a fair comparison between a semi-portable little box and a behemoth analog receiver. This is the missing link between your iPad and headphones that will allow you to get your audiophile fix on in places where you can't have a full rack of gear. Mine sits tidily on my desk at work. It is easy to move around but I wouldn't call it portable. I only bring it home sometimes on the weekend, where it performs much higher quality digital to analog conversion than I get by running the same files through my Apple TV into a Samsung TV for conversion before the 8522. The artifacts are plainly heard in that latter setup whereas I never hear them from the iDo. Operation is foolproof - plug everything in, turn it on and set the volume. Playback is controlled from the iPad just as if you were using its headphone jack or built-in speakers. Pros: Very good DAC with high quality output signal to either headphones or an analog main amp. Cons: Makes me painfully aware of how crappy the digital to analog conversion of my main home system is. 4 out of 4 people found this helpful Was this review helpful? Yes No Great DAC product Written By TimT, LA on Saturday, January 05, 2013 Crutchfield Customer Review (What's this?) The iCon iDo is a great way to connect an iPod to a higher end stereo without having the sound card that is built into the music player getting in the way. This delivers a much higher level of sound quality. I also like the fact that the unit works with my Apple remote. Excellent way to get high quality sound out of an iPod without spending a bunch of money. 1 out of 1 people found this helpful Was this review helpful? Yes No Nuforce ido Written By Anonymous, East Hanover, NJ on Wednesday, January 02, 2013 Crutchfield Customer Review (What's this?) Great little unit-superior customer service Cons: iPhone 5 not supported? Was this review helpful? Yes No A must if you want to improve MP3 sound! Written By Ray, Schaumburg, Illinois on Monday, December 31, 2012 Crutchfield Customer Review (What's this?) The Nuforce iDo was easy to install. I'm using the headphone jack to deliver the sound to my two powered speakers/powered sub using my i-pad. The quality of the sound was quite noticeable once I added the iDo to my sound system and it immediately expanded the dynamic range of the music delivered to the speakers - a very refreshing thing since streamed MP3 music has limited dynamic range. The sound is now truer and more pleasant to listen to, no matter what type of music I played. I am very pleased with this purchase and I use it everyday. Pros: Small, well designed and a very rugged DAC unit to add to your sound system. Cons: The base could have been black in color in lieu of white to match the black color of the iDo itself. Was this review helpful? Yes No Nuforce Icon iDo Can Do Written By WK, Dallas, TX on Wednesday, September 26, 2012 Crutchfield Customer Review (What's this?) Purchased Shure SRH 840 Headphones to use with My IPod and was disappointed with the results. Decided to try the Nuforce Icon ido DAC after doing a bit of research and was astounded at what I have been missing in my music for years. Ease of use and portability (use this at both work and home) is great, just plug it in, turn it on pick your music and turn up the volume. Clarity of individual instruments and voices is incredible. Listening to Etta James you can hear her breath between notes. About as close to live performance from recorded music as I have ever heard. Also using this with Shure earphones with same results. Definitely recomment. Pros: Ease of use and sound quality is first class Cons: A bit pricey at $249.00 but if you love music, it is a must try 1 out of 1 people found this helpful Was this review helpful? Yes No Improved performance even with earbuds Written By JimH, Vestal, NY on Tuesday, September 04, 2012 Crutchfield Customer Review (What's this?) I noticed two very significant and important benefits of the DAC over a direct connection to an ipod. 1. Significantly improved dynamic range and frequency response. Bass was stronger and much deeper and high frequencies were clearer and sharper. Also, the unit provided a finer level of control over volume than the iPod direct control. It could be even better if it had a remote and wireless functionality and more output options, but I'm very happy. Pros: Significantly improved sound quality. Cons: Volume is interactive with volume of iPod. So you have to set both to a value. 1 out of 1 people found this helpful Was this review helpful? Yes No NuForce IDo Written By MarcC, Hoschton, Ga. on Wednesday, June 27, 2012 Crutchfield Customer Review (What's this?) Got the bright idea to transfer my music, CD's and vinyl, to my new IPod Classic and use that along with my existing Harmon Kardon receiver/JBL speakers. Read a lot on how it could be done and looked at a lot of equipment to do so. With help from the Crutchfield site, I finally decided to give the NuForce IDo a try as it was reasonably priced and could work along with my existing H/K receiver. The unit was received quickly after only a couple of days. The packaging was very well done, everything arrived in excellent condition. Set up and connection was simple. I used the recommendation from your telephone rep, Blake, in ripping my CD's and transfer to the IPod. While I've only just begun to listen to my music from the IPod so far I couldn't be more pleased. The sound of CD's from the IPod is full and rich; highs and lows are crystal clear. I can't hear any difference from the original source. I would recommend this unit very highly. Pros: Simple, quick installation. Easy to operate Cons: Output volume has to be adjusted each time the unit is used as it resets when the unit is switched off. I suppose this is to protect users when the unit is used as an amplifier for direct connected headphones. 2 out of 2 people found this helpful Was this review helpful? Yes No Good design Written By Ron M, La Verne CA on Wednesday, June 20, 2012 Crutchfield Customer Review (What's this?) This DAC is very compact and after using for some time now I am very impressed with the improvement in sound quality. The product is very well packaged and the instructions are straightforward and complete. I have had no issues. Pros: Small compact easy to hookup and use. I really like that it charges my devices while in use. Cons: None encountered. 1 out of 1 people found this helpful Was this review helpful? Yes No Finest Quality Sound Written By RobertJ, Philadelphia, PA on Friday, June 08, 2012 Crutchfield Customer Review (What's this?) I just purchased a 3rd generation iPad and was very disappointed in the sound, even though I used Klipsch x10i earphones. I purchased the NuForce Icon iDo and the sound was completely changed. I downloaded my iTunes library onto my iPad (320 kbps AAC). I now listen to breathtaking sound through my Klipsch x10i earphones. Listening to Schubert and Kiri Te Kanawa is like being in a concert hall. I couldn't be happier. The NuForce Icon iDo DAC is an audiophile's dream come true! Pros: Excellent quality sound. Easy set-up. Quality built product that takes up little space. Priced right (I found an open box at Crutchfield's outlet and got a 10% discount. The product was new.) Cons: None. 2 out of 2 people found this helpful Was this review helpful? Yes No Best True DAC iPod Solution for The Money Written By BixLives!, New Jersey on Sunday, April 01, 2012 Crutchfield Customer Review (What's this?) You have an iPod classic or a new version of the Nano. You want to play your iPod through your Hi-Fi, but the analogue output from the iPod is simply not as good as your Hi-Fi. Frustration. Your iPod contains 256 kbps ACC (MP4) digital files that SHOULD sound almost as good as an uncompressed CDA/WAV file from a CD. In fact, there should only be about 6-10 db less signal to noise ratio in the 256 kbps MP4 file. On only the most quiet solo piano pieces should you be able to hear ANY digital-based distortion. E.g., very quiet piano notes in a Debussy piece may have a slight whooshing sound, however, many poorly recorded CDs also have this problem. With 99% of all commercial music, an iPod file SHOULD sound the same as the CD, IF it is converted with a high quality DAC along with a high quality analogue preamp section. THE iDO ACCOMPLISHES THIS TASK WELL. The iDo has a coax digital output as well & I compared the iDo's DACs to an expensive 24 bit Denon DAC. I think the iDo DAC wins by a hair, but it was nothing I could tell easily. In short, the iDo is great. I also A/B'd CDs to the iDo (w/ 256 ACC files) and only on quiet piano music could I hear any difference. The CODEC for the MP4 (ACC) file is damn good. You really don't need the "lossless" format anymore. Someday soon, when fractal math is employed for digital audio compresion, we will have CD quality sound in 1/10th the file size of your average iPod ACC file. Pros: It bypasses your iPod's DAC and analogue section. The iDo has a solid DAC and analogue section (what the iPod is missing!) and also affords a coaxual digital output should you want to use your zillion-dollar DAC. It does what the Wadia does for a fraction of the price. It's all too bad, because the iPod could have very easily been built for serious Hi-Fi if Apple had only spent an extra 2 bucks on a better battery and DAC chip. Cons: The iDo does not bypass a seconday digital section within the iPod (i.e., EQ). Contrary to conventional wisdom, iPod EQ is accomplished DIGITALLY and can cause much distortion, even if it's turned off. Many new albums are OVER NORMALISED and the iPod cannot handle such densly normalised (wave-hammered) music. E.g. Madeleine Peyroux's "Careless Love" album. Since an iPod Classic can operate as a USB file storage device, the raw digital file is all that should be processed by the iDo. 10 out of 13 people found this helpful Was this review helpful? Yes No An Audiophile's Delight Written By RobertP, Clemmons, NC on Saturday, March 03, 2012 Crutchfield Customer Review (What's this?) The NuForce Ido DAC headphone device that adapts to the newer iPods, iPhone 4, and the iPad (I use it with the iPhone 4 and the iPad ), and is touted to improve sound quality and the spacial dynamics of whichever device it is used with, more than lives up to the claims made about it. The device softens the sound and allows the listener to "define" the instruments as they are playing. The bass is boosted considerably, but does not overpower the listener. I decided to attach the device to my surround system, powered by a Yamaha Natural Sound Surround Receiver RX-V663, pushing Bose 161 speakers and a Boston Acoustics center channel speaker, and put it through its paces. The improvement was phenomenal! I listed to HD Radio through an app on my iPhone 4, which was attached to the ido through an adaptor made for the iPhone 4. Honestly, it sounded as if the orchestra and musicians were in the room with me. Every instrument came through clearly. It was a an exciting listening experience. I bought the ido because I previously purchased the smaller, but equally as good, NuForce DAC to use with my MacBook Pro. I would recommend wholeheartedly the Nuforce Ido to any person with an ear for quality music. It's definitely worth the investment. Pros: The product lives up to its claims in every way. Cons: I found that I couldn't use a headphone extension cable with the Ido because the plug wouldn't connect to the input securely. The headphones themselves (Klipsche) would, but not with an extension cable. 5 out of 6 people found this helpful Was this review helpful? Yes No Over Stated, Under performing Written By PatsFan, Ossipee, NH on Monday, February 20, 2012 Crutchfield Customer Review (What's this?) Very little difference w/ the I pod touch/ Dre Beats headphone combo, extremely disappointing. It looked to good to be true. And as the saying goes.... :( 4 out of 29 people found this helpful Was this review helpful? Yes No Nice little DAC Written By James, Georgia on Tuesday, February 14, 2012 Crutchfield Customer Review (What's this?) I have the Nuforce Icon iDo feeding an Onkyo receiver and Definitive Technology towers. Setup was easy and the sound is amazing. I think it has definitely brought back the impact to the music on my iPod. Not sure if there is a break in period or not, but it sounded great from day one to me. Pros: Easy set up Dynamic sound Cons: none 4 out of 4 people found this helpful Was this review helpful? Yes No Nuforce Icon iDo Written By Rick P, San Diego, Ca on Wednesday, February 01, 2012 Crutchfield Customer Review (What's this?) I'm using the iDo with my iPad and running it through my stereo. I must say that the soundfield has added depth and other ambient info that didn't exist through the headphone jack. Highly recommended. 3 out of 3 people found this helpful Was this review helpful? Yes No NuForce Icon iDO Written By San, Dallas, TX on Saturday, January 21, 2012 Crutchfield Customer Review (What's this?) provides additional warmth, and larger soundstage, lower bass and less gritty sound Silicon stand is heavy and sticky to prevent tipping over. Well built chassis Pros: small package, great sound 3 out of 3 people found this helpful Was this review helpful? Yes No Nuforce ICON iDO Written By Jack, Pocatello Idaho on Friday, January 20, 2012 Crutchfield Customer Review (What's this?) Excellent amplifier which improves highs and lows. Charges devices while you're listening. But, won't work with older ipods (3-4yrs). Bummer. Cruchfield staff was unaware, another bummer. My Iphone works fine, but doesn't have my entire music collection, like my ipod. So from that standpoint, a rather spendy upgrade. Pros: Excellent amplifier which improves highs and lows. Charges devices while you're listening Cons: won't work with older ipods (3-4yrs). Bummer. Cruchfield staff was unaware, another bummer. My Iphone works fine, but doesn't have my entire music collection, like my ipod. 6 out of 6 people found this helpful Was this review helpful? Yes No Hands-on research What's in the box? | In-depth notes What's in the box? Download owner's manual External DAC/Headphone Amp AC power adapter (with attached 58" DC cord) 2-Prong AC plug 39" iPod/USB cable (with 30-pin Apple connector on one end and a USB type-A connector on other end) Rubber stand Instruction booklet "A Beginner's Guide to Good Audio" sheet Product Research Features Specifications Features Overview: The NuForce icon iDo is an audiophile-grade DAC and Headphone amp for select Apple iPads, iPhones, and iPods. Featuring audiophile-grade 24-bit D/A converters, the iDo extracts the original digital audio data from your compatible Apple device and then coverts the digital audio data to a high-quality analog signal for use with headphones or your home stereo system. The iDo offers a built-in headphone amplifier capable of powering hard-to drive headphones to their full potential. The iDo's analog RCA and coaxial digital S/PDIF connectors interface with your home stereo system. The iDo is ideal for music enthusiasts who primarily listen to their digital music libraries stored on their Apple devices. USB Port with Apple 30-pin Charge/Sync Cable: You can connect select Apple mobile devices (iPad/iPhone/iPad) to the icon iDo's USB (type-A) port with the Apple approved and included 30-pin sync/charging cable (or the Lightning cable included with your iPod/iPhone in the case of the newer models). In addition to transmitting audio, the iDo will charge your connected Apple device. The NuForce icon iDo is compatible with the following Apple devices (as of 2/21/2013): iPod Model Generation Tested Version Audio Output Charging Headphone Stereo RCA Coaxial Digital dock connector 3rd n/a N N N N clickwheel color 4th n/a N N N N mini 1st n/a N N N N 2nd n/a N N N N video 5th 1.3 N N N N classic 80GB 1.1.2 Y Y Y Y 120GB 2.0.1 Y Y Y Y 160GB 2.0.4 Y Y Y Y nano 1st 1.3.1 N N N N 2nd 1.1.3 Y Y Y Y 3rd 1.1.3 Y Y Y Y 4th 1.0.4 Y Y Y Y 5th 1.0.2 Y Y Y Y 6th 1.1 PC Y Y Y Y 7th 1.01 PC Y Y Y Y touch 1st 2.2.1 Y Y Y Y 2nd 4.2.1 Y Y Y Y 3rd 5.0.1 Y Y Y Y 4th 5.0.1 Y Y Y Y 5th 6.0.1 Y Y Y Y iPhone 2G 3.1.3 Y Y Y Y 3G 4.2.1 Y Y Y Y 3GS 4.3.5 Y Y Y Y 4 5.0.1 Y Y Y Y 4S 5.0.1 Y Y Y Y 5 6.0.1 Y Y Y Y iPad 1 5.0.1 Y Y Y Y 2 5.0.1 Y Y Y Y 3 6.0.1 Y Y Y Y 4 6.0.1 Y Y Y Y mini 6.0.1 Y Y Y Y Note: The NuForce icon iDo is designed to work only with Apple iTunes and iPod software. Apple iPod/iPhone software updates may change functionality results. If you download a newer software version, you may need to reset the device and your iPod/iPhone to regain functionality. If this doesn't work, you may need to wait until a newer software update is available. 24-bit DAC: The NuForce icon iDo features audiophile-grade 24-bit D/A converters that operate exclusively at the data's native sample rate for bit-perfect, low-jitter music file playback (no sample rate conversion). The iDo extracts audio data in its original digital form (in USB Host mode) from your Apple mobile digital device, delivering bit-perfect, low-jitter, audiophile-quality music file playback. As a result, the icon iDo delivers audiophile-grade CD quality sound to digital music files stored on your Apple mobile digital devices. Note: The maximum sample rate currently supported by Apple is 16-bit/44.1kHz or 24-bit/48kHz. iPod DAC Bypass: Apple uses its own audio codec, Apple Lossless Encoder (ALE), to compress and store music files on its devices in original CD quality without loss. However, even ALE files only sound as good as the default DAC (digital-to-analog converter) found within the mobile digital device. The icon iDo bypasses the built-in DAC and extracts the audio data stored on the device in its original digital form in USB Host Mode. It then converts the high-quality files for bit-perfect and low-jitter music playback. Headphone Amp: The icon iDo also offers a built-in headphone amplifier capable of powering power-hungry headsets, giving users a total audio experience. By properly powering headphones, the icon iDo enhances the auditory performance of the headphones because optimal amperage is being delivered to them, allowing for greater audio clarity. The icon iDo is equipped with a 3.5mm headphone jack to connect a set of headphones for private high-quality sound playback. Analog & Digital Outputs: The NuForce icon iDo is fitted with an analog stereo RCA output and a coaxial digital output. The icon iDo plugs into your home stereo system using stereo RCA cables or a single coaxial cable (both sold separately). Digitally Controlled Volume Control: Digitally controlled analog volume control provides precise control, accurate channel tracking, and superior resolution. The volume is set to 10% when the iDo is turned on. The volume level is indicated by the relative position of the Blue LED indicator on the front-panel. External Power Supply: The NuForce icon iDo operates off of standard household current using the supplied AC power adapter. The external power adapter is separate from the icon iDo to further improve sound quality. Note: Power button is located on back of unit. Specifications Input Section: USB: type-A for iPod, iPhone, or iPad Max Sampling Rate: 48kHz Maximum Resolution: 24-bits Output Section: Analog Output: RCA, 2Vrms Digital Output: coaxial RCA 75-Ohm Headphone Output: 3.5mm mini-jack (16-300 ohm / 12mW @ 300-ohm) Frequency Response: 10Hz to 20kHz (-0.5dB) THD+N: 0.01%, 1kHz, 1.2 Vrms Signal-to-Noise Ratio: >95 dB Power Requirement: 6.5V, 2.3A; 100-240VAC Our Product Research Team At Crutchfield, you'll get detailed, accurate information that's hard to find elsewhere. That's because we have our own in-house Product Research team. They verify what's in the box, check the owner's manual, and record dimensions, features and specs. We stay on top of new products and technologies to help people make informed choices. Product reviews from the Crutchfield Labs PSB M4U 2 noise canceling headphones review by Woody Sherman We all know PSB makes great speakers. Just how good, exactly, are their headphones, then? Read on: looks like someone's impressed. What are the Labs? Sorry, the Nuforce Icon iDo is no longer available. Looking for a similar item? Shop all All DACs Or, you can still... Write a review Purchase accessories for this product Download the product manual Search the website Go


text: about our portrait photography Our portrait photography was born from the idea that a family's magic moments and milestones can easily be forgotten. Families grow. Babies change. Capturing the spontaneity of a child at play, letting them be truly themselves and in the moment, is an amazing experience. We provide a space where kids can be kids, parents can be comfortable and relaxed, and every family has access to individual and unique photography works of art. Our team of four photographers is based in Wayne, Pennsylvania and Glen Mills, Pennsylvania. meet our portrait photographers

subset: commoncrawl


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Donate Stock
A charitable gift of stock provides an opportunity for tax savings while generously supporting San Francisco Zen Center.
Stock certificates may be transferred directly or electronically. Electronic delivery of stock shares is the most secure and expedient delivery process available and provides efficient internal control as well as cost savings.
To help you facilitate gifts of stock, please use the following instructions. Or go straight to our stock donation form which you can submit by mail or fax.
For more information or for help filling out this form, contact the Development Department directly through Tova Green at 415.354.0352 or email@example.com.
Notification of Donor Intent (Required)
Regardless of the method chosen to deliver a gift of stock, the donor or the transferring broker must provide the following information for audit and acknowledgement purposes:
- Donor's name and complete address
- Name and number of securities transferred
- Broker's name and phone number
- Approximate dollar value of gift
Stock Donation Form (pdf)
San Francisco Zen Center
Attn: Tova Green
300 Page Street
San Francisco, CA 94102
Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
Phone: 415.354.0352
Fax: 415.255.9305


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Meryl, Anne, America and more stars turn out for the PEOPLE/EIF SAG Awards afterparty!
See Photos
Relive the wacky and weird lines from the red carpet and the show
Big-screen beauties (Penélope! Kate!) and small-screen stars (Christina! Eva!) dazzle as Hollywood honors its best
Brad & Angelina! Eva & Tony! Romance ruled the red carpet as actors honor their own
Sean Penn, Kate Winslet, Tina Fey and more winners showed off their trophies at PEOPLE's photo booth!
Watch It
Hang out with the casts of Mad Men, 30 Rock and more at the exclusive SAG afterparty, hosted by PEOPLE and EIF
Plus: Kate Winslet continues her award show victory lap and 30 Rock cleans up
Read It
The 30 Rock star has his daughter on his arm during his big night
From Angelina's vintage gown to Uma's belly-baring getup, check out the best and worst fashions from the Screen Actors Guild Awards!
Originally posted Monday December 01, 2008 04:55 PM EST
Today's Photos
September 03, 2015
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Copyright © 2015 Time Inc. All rights reserved. Reproduction in whole or in part without permission is prohibited.


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Friend 1
March 23, 2013
October 22, 2014
This hardcore playlist will motivate you to get shredded in the gym.
September 25, 2014
Check out this month's playlist from Songza!
September 10, 2014
In a world of commercialized fitness, coaching and camaraderie are quietly making old-school strength gyms more and more popular.


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16 CFR 23.11 - Definition and misuse of the word
(a) A diamond is a natural mineral consisting essentially of pure carbon crystallized in the isometric system. It is found in many colors. Its hardness is 10; its specific gravity is approximately 3.52; and it has a refractive index of 2.42.
(b) It is unfair or deceptive to use the unqualified word "diamond" to describe or identify any object or product not meeting the requirements specified in the definition of diamond provided above, or which, though meeting such requirements, has not been symmetrically fashioned with at least seventeen (17) polished facets.
Note 1 to paragraph (b):
It is unfair or deceptive to represent, directly or by implication, that industrial grade diamonds or other non-jewelry quality diamonds are of jewelry quality.
(1) The use of the words "rough diamond" to describe or designate uncut or unfaceted objects or products satisfying the definition of diamond provided above; or
(2) The use of the word "diamond" to describe or designate objects or products satisfying the definition of diamond but which have not been symmetrically fashioned with at least seventeen (17) polished facets when in immediate conjunction with the word "diamond" there is either a disclosure of the number of facets and shape of the diamond or the name of a type of diamond that denotes shape and that usually has less than seventeen (17) facets (e.g., "rose diamond").
Title 16 published on 2015-01-01.
No entries appear in the Federal Register after this date, for 16 CFR Part 23.


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Have you ever browsed through a catalog and thought "I love that outfit. Too bad I can't nurse the baby while wearing it!"
We have too. So we thought it would be fun to put together stylish outfits that are comfortable, stylish, and breastfeeding friendly!
Stay tuned for our weekly style "column"- 'Nursing Mama Style Secrets' and get inspired to create outfits that allow you to breastfeed… in style! And to get started, here's a casual yet stylish look that features one of our newest Hooter Hiders, Tulipa.
The opinions expressed by the Bébé au Lait Bloggers and those providing comments are theirs alone, and do not reflect the opinions of Bebe au Lait or any employee thereof. Bébé au Lait is not responsible for the accuracy of any of the information supplied by the Bébé au Lait Bloggers.


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Low sodium ConcenTrace® Trace Mineral Drops is a top selling trace mineral supplement in the natural channel. It is also one of the most powerful natural health mineral supplements in the world and has many uses and applications. It's impossible to underestimate the importance of minerals and trace minerals for the human body. They are the catalysts for all the vitamins and other nutrients your body uses for developing and maintaining good health. ConcenTrace® captures the perfect balance of trace minerals your body needs. Using ConcenTrace® every day may help maintain healthy energy levels in your body by providing your body's entire electrical system the minerals it needs to function properly.
Uses & Applications
How is ConcenTrace® made?
ConcenTrace® isn't actually something Trace Minerals makes. It's an amazing complex of over 72 ionic trace minerals that has been made by Mother Nature. For thousands of years, every sprouting seed and towering tree has helped dissolve minerals, raising them from deep within the soil to the surface, where they are easily washed away. But they don't just wash away. They are carried in the rivers and streams into oceans and seas like the Great Salt Lake (GSL) in Utah, USA. But the GSL is unique because it has no outlets and is considered an inland sea. Therefore, the GSL is rich in minerals that have been deposited there over these thousands of years.
At Trace Minerals, they simply harvest the minerals from the pristine shores of the GSL at thier state-of-the-art mineral harvesting facility. This facility was designed by certified chemical engineer David S. Butts, one of the world's foremost experts in the field of solar evaporation technology. Butts has 40 years of experience in the design, operation, and extraction of minerals and salts from lakes, oceans, salars, and underground deposits like the Great Salt Lake. The unique design of their facility allows them to harvest their high quality minerals from the Great Salt Lake with the lowest impact possible on the environment. Trace Minerals' solar evaporation ponds are only about 500 feet from the edge of the waters of the Great Salt Lake, which allows them to transport the lake water to our ponds without having to trench or disrupt the lake's bed.
Why is ConcenTrace® so powerful?
ConcenTrace® contains a full spectrum of all the minerals in a balance natural to the body. Once harvested from the GSL, Trace Minearls uses a completely natural concentration process without the use of chemicals or dyes that removes the sodium from the GSL water. They use solar evaporation technology to concentrate the water, which really means that all they use is natural sunshine! The result of this natural process is ConcenTrace®, an all natural ionic trace mineral blend that is 26 times more concentrated than colloidal trace minerals, making it one of the most naturally powerful health supplements on the market.
In addition, all of their facilities are FDA cGMP certified (Good Manufacturing Practices) through the Natural Products Association. GMP certification shows they are committed to producing safe products of high quality. They are constantly looking for new technologies and research that help them improve their manufacturing processes, and their products are tested by a third-party laboratory to ensure quality and safety.
Is is safe?
Directions for Use: Take 1/4 - 1/2 teaspoon, once or twice daily. Mix with any juice or food at mealtimes to mask the concentrated mineral flavor, or take straight, followed with a glass of juice or water. At 1/2 teaspoon daily, an 8 oz. bottle will last 3 months. Re-mineralize water:Improve the flavor of distilled, reverse osmosis or purified water. Adding 20-40 drops per gallon or to taste (2-4 drops per glass) compares to expensive mineral waters and adds a complete, balanced spectrum of low sodium minerals and trace minerals. At 20 drops per gallon, 8 ounces will re-mineralize 192 gallons.
Other Directions: Contains no known allergens. Gluten Free.
* Daily value not establishedThese statements have not been evaluated by the FDA. These products are not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.
Other IngredientsIonic Sea Minerals. Contains no other added ingredients. In addition to the elements listed , this product contains the following in naturally occurring, varying trace amounts: Calcium, Carbonate, Bromide, Iodine, Rubidium, Scandium, Boron, Phosphorus, Nickel, Manganese, Chromium, Strontium, Cobalt, Zinc, Titanium, Lanthanum, Cerium, Barium, Copper, Iron, Silicon, Yttrium, Molybdenum, Tin, Gallium, Gold, Silver, Cesium, Beryllium, Selenium, Vanadium, Dysprosium, Holmium, Terbium, Praseodymium, Lutetium, Gadolinium, Samarium, Bismuth, Ytterbium, Erbium, Europium, Neodymium. Plus the other minerals found in seawater. Minor crystallization may occur, but this does not affect the quality of the product.
Pharmaca Integrative Pharmacy is your source for natural health products. Browse our online selection of products from all of the best natural brands, or visit one of our pharmacy locations and talk with one of our licensed practitioners. From natural beauty products and cosmetics to vitamins, herbs and supplements, we offer high-quality natural wellness products for the whole family! Start exploring—shop by brand or by condition to find the perfect natural health products for your body, skin, home and more.
The products and claims made about specific products on this site have not been evaluated by Pharmaca.com or the United States Food and Drug Administration and are not approved to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent disease. The information on this site is for educational purposes only and is not intended as a substitute for advice from your physician or other health care professional or any information contained on or in any product label or packaging. You should not use the information on this site for diagnosis or treatment of any health problem or for prescription of any medication or other treatment. You should consult with a healthcare professional before starting any diet, exercise or supplementation program, before taking any medication, or if you have or suspect you might have a health problem. Pharmaca Integrative Pharmacy will not assume liability for any cross-contamination of ingredients, misprints, or adverse reactions to any ingredients in the products we carry. The products sold here may contain lead and other substances that are known to the state of California to cause cancer and birth defects and other reproductive harm. Prices and promotions are subject to change without notice. All content on this web site is copyrighted by Pharmaca Integrative Pharmacy unless otherwise stated. All online offers and prices are valid for online purchases only, and may be different from those in our retail stores. Free shipping offer may not apply to all orders and all states; see shipping policy for full details. Copyright © 2009 – 2015 by Pharmaca Integrative Pharmacy. All rights reserved.


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Baggallini Globetrotter Mini Shoulder Bag
Baggallini - The ultimate combination of fashion and function.
The perfect accessory for all fashion fans!
Features Include:
- Removable, adjustable crossbody strap
- Double zipper top openings
- Secure, zippered pocket under front flap
- Loop on back allows for wearing on belt
- Materials: 100% Nylon
Baggallini Globetrotter Mini Shoulder Bag
Baggallini Globetrotter Mini Shoulder Bag
Our innovative products will provide you and your family with years of enjoyment. And with the Brookstone Protection Plus service and replacement plans, you'll have the added peace of mind knowing that if the unexpected does happen, we will simply repair or replace your covered product. Our enhanced coverage goes above and beyond the manufacturer's warranty, saving you time and money.
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Vice (2007)
A bored young man in search of adventure gets more than he bargained for when he stumbles into a drug deal that's far over his head in this thriller from director Valery Todorovsky. Denis is an ambitious young entrepreneur from Rostov-on-Don. When it comes to walking a certain path in life he has precious few options to choose from, and the decision he's about to make may just haunt him for the rest of his days.~ Jason Buchanan, All Movie Guide
Cast: Katia Vilkova, Fedor Bondarchuk, Evgenia Khirivskaya, Alexei Serebriakov, Maxim Matveev
Produced by: Vadim Goriaynov
Directed by: Valery Todorovsky
Written by: Oleg Malovichko, Valery Todorovsky
Running time: 2hr 6min
|Theaters for Today
Pick a day
on this day.


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Contaminated Sediments Program
Key Sediment Problem Areas in the Great Lakes Basin
EPA's Great Lakes program identifies polluted sediments as the largest major source of contaminants to the Great Lakes food chain, including each of the 43 Areas of Concern. Over 2,000 miles (20%) of the shoreline are considered impaired because of sediment contamination and fish consumption advisories remain in place throughout the Great Lakes and many inland lakes. On the U.S. side of the border, sediments have been assessed at 26 Great Lakes locations and over 1,300,000 cubic yards of contaminated sediments have been remediated over the past 3 years. However, the challenge is so great sediment remediation is not yet complete at any US AoC."
For comments or questions, contact: Marc Tuchman, Environmental Scientist


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I am really trying to understand XSS attacks and can't seem to wrap my head around it, I would rather seem like a fool than program like one with holes in it. My problem is understanding how an attack occurs. Let's say Mary logs into the system and creates a record in the table via an html form. I have php filters and validation for the data before it actually goes into mysql table. My question is how does John attack my website? Or more important, how does he actually change files? If he were to have a log in
and gains access because it doesn't take much to register, how? Is it a matter of the filter being bad and his XSS scipt is in a record and when someone open/views that record (field) the script is launched? I have read lots on how the javascript, for example, is placed in the url or form fields but nothing explains whether the information is saved and launched via the record stored in the database.


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23 February 2012
Posted in Our Planet, Our Universe
What's the strongest wind you've been in? 50 mph, 100, mph... how about 20 million mph? That's what researchers at the Chandra X-ray Observatory discovered recently while studying stellar-mass black holes.
Chandra X-ray Observatory is one of the four Great Observatories operated by NASA. It produces images that are 100 times fainter than that of any previous telescope due to the high resolution of the mirrors. The X-ray Observatory was built to allow astronomers to view images to better understand the evolution of the universe and how the structure was formed.
Stellar-mass black holes are formed when a massive star collapses due to gravitational force and can be more than three times the solar mass of our Sun. In recent days the Observatory has observed the fastest winds ever recorded from a stellar-mass black hole. Traveling at three percent of the speed of light, the winds on the surrounding disk recorded an astounding speed of 20 million miles per hour. These record breaking winds are similar to the winds found in disks surrounding supermassive black holes, which can be billions of times larger and more powerful. According to Jon M. Miller, the co-author of The Astrophysical Journal Letters, "It's a surprise this small black hole is able to muster the wind speeds we typically only see in the giant black holes. In other words, this black hole is performing well above its weight class."
The astronomers studying this stellar-mass black hole have also learned that the high winds are carrying more material away from the black hole than it is able to capture. These findings will help astronomers better understand black hole behaviors. As Ashley King, lead author of The Astrophysical Journal Letters describes, "Contrary to the popular perception of black holes pulling in all of the material that gets close, we estimate up to 95 percent of the matter in the disk around IGR J17091 is expelled by the wind,"


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Welcome to the Mount Sinai Summer Undergraduate Research Program
Icahn School of Medicine, located in New York City, offers summer research internships to outstanding undergraduate students who are planning to pursue an MD/PhD or a PhD and who are interested in doing research at a leading biomedical institution. The Summer Undergraduate Research Program (SURP) at Mount Sinai is a 10-week program that begins in June every year. In 2015 SURP will begin on June 8, 2015. SURP fellows receive intensive research training in a cutting-edge biomedical laboratory, thus gaining an insider's perspective into Mount Sinai graduate programs and academic life. The fellowship includes free housing and a $3,500 stipend.
International students who are not enrolled in US institutions in the United Stated are not eligible to apply to this program.
As a SURP Fellow, you will have the opportunity to:
* Choose a mentor from among the 200 Mount Sinai Graduate School faculty
* Enhance your technical skills and independence in the lab through mentorships with Mount Sinai faculty
* Acquire valuable experience by:
- Attending a weekly seminar series aimed at introducing you to research-intensive career options and role models for career pathways
- Participating in departmental seminars, journal clubs, and work-in-progress meetings
- Presenting a poster of your work in the SURP Fellows' Research Day
You will gain insight into Mount Sinai's graduate programs and academic life and enrich your life experience by learning, and working in New York City.
Send e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com
The Graduate School of
Biomedical Sciences
One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1022
New York, NY 10029-6574
For application specific questions:
Admissions Office
Tel: 212-241-6696
Send email


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|East Amherst, NY
|High School:
|Williamsville North
As a Junior in 2010:
Played in 17 games, starting in 14 … Finished the season with a 6-7-0 record … Led the Bobcats in minutes (1032), goals-against average (2.24), saves (91,) and save percentage (.734).
As a Sophomore in 2009:
Did not surrender a goal while serving as a late-game replacement in three of the Bobcats' 18 games… Tallied a season-high four saves in the Bobcats' season opener against Boston College on 9/4/09.
As a Freshman in 2008:
Did not play.
Before Quinnipiac:
Four-year letterwinner in field hockey at Williamsville North (N.Y.) High School...three-year varsity lacrosse and two-year track letterwinner...Senior captain at Williamsville North...Two-time All-State selection as a junior and senior...Two-time All-Western New York First Team as a junior and senior, two-time Second Team pick as a freshman and sophomore...Three-time ECIC All-Star First Team...ECIC All-Star Second Team as a freshman...Received three All-American nominations...Currently ranks 5th all-time in career shutouts (53) in New York State field hockey history...2007 All-New York State Championship Tournament Team in lacrosse...All-ECIC All-Star Second team as a senior in lacrosse...Ranked 5th in her class academically...October 2007 WIVB-TV Scholar-Athlete of the Month...Buffalo Business First's 2008 Academic All-Star Second Team selection...Nine-time New York State Scholar Athlete in every sport...2007 West Herr All-Western New York Fall and Spring Scholar Athlete...Led the field hockey team to the New York State Class A Championship as a senior...Three-time New York State Section VI Class A Champions...Four-time ECIC Division I Champions...Played on the Empire State Games silver medal-winning team...Played for the National Hockey Festival Pool L Championship team.
Daughter of Celeste and Raymond Lewis...Her sister Michelle played field hockey and lacrosse at Bryant University...Has one brother, Matthew (23)...Born in Williamsville, N.Y.


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Pseudotumor cerebri is a condition in which the pressure inside the skull is increased. The brain is affected in a way that the condition appears to be -- but is not -- a tumor.
Idiopathic intracranial hypertension; Benign intracranial hypertension
The condition occurs more often in women than men, especially in obese women who are about to go through menopause. It is rare in infants, but can occur in children.
The cause is unknown.
Certain medicines can increase your risk of this condition. These medicines include:
The following factors are also related to this condition:
Symptoms include:
Symptoms may get worse during physical activity, especially when you tighten the stomach muscles.
The doctor will perform a physical exam. Signs of this condition include:
Even though there is increased pressure in the skull, there is no change in alertness.
Tests that may be done include:
Diagnosis is made when other health conditions are ruled out. Several conditions may cause increased pressure in the skull, including:
Treatment is aimed at the cause of the pseudotumor.
A lumbar puncture can help relieve pressure in the brain and prevent vision problems.
Other treatments may include:
Patients will need to have their vision closely monitored. There can be vision loss, which is sometimes permanent. Follow-up MRI or CT scans may be done to rule out hidden cancer.
Sometimes the condition disappears on its own within 6 months. Symptoms can return in some persons. A small number of patients have symptoms that slowly get worse and lead to blindness.
Vision loss is a serious complication of this condition.
Call your health care provider if you or your child experiences the symptoms listed above.
DeAngelis LM. Tumors of the central nervous system and intracranial hypertension and hypotension. In: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. Goldman's Cecil Textbook of Medicine. 24th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2011:chap 195.
Dhungana S, Sharrack B, Woodroofe N. Idiopathic intracranial hypertension.Acta Neurol Scand. 2010;121(2):71-82.
Pless ML. Pseudotumor cerebri. In: Kliegman RM, Stanton BF, St. Geme JW III, et al., eds. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. 19th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2011:chap 597.
Rosenberg GA. Brain edema and disorders of cerebrospinal fluid circulation. In: Daroff RB, Fenichel GM, Jankovic J, Mazziotta JC, eds. Bradley's Neurology in Clinical Practice. 6th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2012:chap 59.
A.D.A.M., Inc. is accredited by URAC, also known as the American Accreditation HealthCare Commission (www.urac.org). URAC's accreditation program is an independent audit to verify that A.D.A.M. follows rigorous standards of quality and accountability. A.D.A.M. is among the first to achieve this important distinction for online health information and services. Learn more about A.D.A.M.'s editorial policy, editorial process and privacy policy. A.D.A.M. is also a founding member of Hi-Ethics and subscribes to the principles of the Health on the Net Foundation (www.hon.ch).
The information provided herein should not be used during any medical emergency or for the diagnosis or treatment of any medical condition. A licensed physician should be consulted for diagnosis and treatment of any and all medical conditions. Call 911 for all medical emergencies. Links to other sites are provided for information only - they do not constitute endorsements of those other sites. Copyright 2009 A.D.A.M., Inc. Any duplication or distribution of the information contained herein is strictly prohibited.
Copyright © 2014 Drexel University College of Medicine. Privacy Policy | | | |


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1. Extremely prepared residence cooked morning meals
Like the name suggests a b and b will certainly offer you morning meal! Most bed as well as … morning meal owners take wonderful pride in their morning meals offering a wide variety of recipes to suit your requirements or demands. This may include fresh fruit, very hot dishes, cereal or other tasty meals. See to it you permit you host understand about any unique nutritional needs.
At the Fish Creek Home, we could suit most diet plans with produce expanded in our on website green residence
2. Free additionals (Web, DVD, jacuzzi).
Say goodbye to paying for flicks! Many B&B's offer DVD gamers, totally free Net gain access to or if you're truly lucky a jacuzzi. Most hotels would need you to spend for each of these separately. A b and b includes them as component of the experience. Just what a fantastic means to unwind after a lengthy day of sight seeing!
3. B and b are friendlier.
Why remain in a resort room where you are merely another customer? B and b owners appreciate you. They want you to having fun and also will certainly make your stay a satisfying one. B and b owners provide you a special idea into the regional area. They could inform you concerning locations to go to, special occasions, or just supply you the chance to make a new good friend.
4. Unique Encounters.
The b and b experience is special. The already existing in different locations, and provide various solutions. As an example, some bed and breakfasts provide bundles that are not offered through a basic hotel chain. B and b inns situated on a ranch or lake may provide horseback riding or fishing as component of your check out. Remaining at a b and b may also give you price cuts on a round of golf, dinner at restaurant, or the natural world trips.
5. Convenience as well as quiet.
Finally a bed and breakfast supplies you peace and quiet. No loud next-door neighbors in the next room, no noises of water going through the water pipes at odd hrs, merely peace and quiet. If you can, locate one that lies in a quiet neighborhood with a yard or a wonderful view. You can then invest your days just unwinding as well as staring out over Fish Creek and also the Tobacco Origin Hills or something similar.
Just how do you find a bed and breakfast? There are numerous bed and breakfast directory sites on the web. Some attempt to cover the whole world while others focus in on their town, or state. Everyone looks for an one-of-a-kind b and b experiance. Utilize a b and b directory site with an excellent seach engine to locate the one that ideal matches your demands.
On your next trip stay at a bed as well as breakfast.We provide terrific solutions, higher quality meals and a personal touch that can not be defeated!


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By: bigshow25
One of my biggest fantasies is to have a sex bukake...
I would put out an advert for as many men as I could find! In total there would be around 70 willing participants!
I would take my girl on a night out and get her tipsy...whispering all things I would love to do to her making sure she was soaking by the time we got home!
When we got back I would tell her to go upstairs and get ready for me. As she entered the bedroom it would literally be wall to wall cock!! 70 hard guys waiting for her!
I would instruct them to grab her and throw her on the bed, making sure to be really rough! Then start caressing her and forcing her to suck all their cocks.
I would then come up the stairs and squeezing my way through ,get on the bed with her and slide my hard cock into her pussy.
As we fucked really slowly and hard, the guys would stand round us. Me and my girl would take as many cocks in our mouths as possible whilst moaning and fucking each other.
One guy would explode first into my girl's mouth and all over her face! We would kiss each other greedily, slurping and swapping the guys cum.
Then one by one (or two at a time lol!) they would start exploding their hot salty cum over us both while we fuck.
Over my face, in her mouth, over my ass and over her chest...we would be soaking!
Our hair, faces and bodies would be drenched with cum as we screwed and fucked!
Sliding up and down each other I would eventually explode inside her...run my tongue down her stick body and suck my cum from her pussy!
We would then collapse..the guys would go home and we could fall asleep snogging and writhing in the cum!!
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Fantasy Info:
Categories: S-M / Domination / submissive, Group Sex / Threesome, The Audience / Voyeur, Virgins/Young women, Force/Rape
Location: Anywhere | Roleplay: Other
Fulfillment: Act on it | Nature: I will tell you later


text:
The Tower by Ken McNutt May 1970
The Tower by Ken McNutt
May 1970
The hanging, hissing lantern cast gigantic shadows as four men racked hardware, recoiled new Perlon, and gulped down mouthfuls of cereal, milk, and blueberry pie at 4 AM in a cold, quiet Yosemite Camp 12. We had just arrived from L.A. at midnight and were only half awake after about three hours of fitful sleep. It was two days before Easter and snow on the Valley rim made sure down jackets and foot sacks were packed first in the haul bags, for two bivouacs were possible. All gear was loaded into the VW bus and the too brief ride to the Bridalveil Falls parking lot finally convinced me that apparently nothing was going to save me from my robot madness and I was indeed committed to a "no retreat" climb on what Roper's red book called, "the most spectacular overhanging wall in the world," THE LEANING TOWER.
As we loaded the crush of gear on our backs I stared upward in the still black morning, eyes straining in vain to see the Leaning Tower that I knew loomed almost overhead. We trudged single file up the boulder strewn steep approach through ankle deep leaves and moss, silent except for the deep breathing that soon became rhythmic with our stride. With Don Lauria setting a rapid pace we soon lost sight and sound of our second rope team in the thick forest behind us. When we reached the edge of the Tower Traverse, I heard a voice call from the darkness below, "Dooohn Hellooow, Dooohn." When I answered back a quavering voice floated up, "Wee'rre noottt coooommming." At that moment my eyes rolled up in their sockets, and in the first weak grey light the Tower leaned its intimidating profile over us, and I could readily see why the second rope changed its mind.
As I leaned backwards to identify the higher pitches, my throat and mouth became instantly parched as every drop of saliva drained in one flush toward my tense belly. Don's, "We rope up here," jolted me into automatic response and into a bowline entwined swami belt. With the admonishment, "Test everything, it's all rotten," Don disappeared out on the Tower Traverse. I soon followed, awkward and unbalanced with the heavy haul sack on my back, and joined Don at the base of the twisted tree from whose tip top branch the route started.
Don flowed up the bolt ladder, never pausing except to snap in the carabiner, clip in the slings, step high, clip in the rope, and climb up and up, The red haul line already hung six feet out from the wall and it was only the 1st pitch. Up I came, so engrossed in my deliberate activity and obsessed with not making any serious mistakes, I was oblivious to the sphincteral tightening exposure.
All day we climbed in the overhanging shadow; nailing, bolting, hauling, and cleaning until late afternoon when the sun finally bathed us with mild warmth. Bolt placements were just at the end of a maximum reach from top loops, the pin placements were acceptable and the rock was clean and firm. The strenuous nailing and Jumaring caused the first severe arm cramps I had ever experienced and until I forced myself to relax into better balance, they were unrelenting in their discomfort
After four pitches Don was on Guano Ledge, and as I cleaned that pitch it was apparent we would not have daylight enough to complete the next two pitches and rappel back down to bivouac on Guano/Ahwanee Ledge. This rappel is possible only from the end of the sixth pitch and it leaves the rappeller many feet out from the wall trying to pendulum in and grab and hang on … to something … in the dark?? Since that maneuver held no special appeal to me, I strongly recommended we make the 5th class traverse from Guano to Ahwanee in the daylight and bivouac—now!
We traversed and prepared for our first night on the Tower. Don's upperledge position established him as host/server and he opened cans and passed food and drink to my lover ledge. I smashed one can, dropped it from the ledge, and counted 32 seconds before it hit anything.
The cyclops eye of the Wawona Tunnel glowed dully on the far slope, and intermittently from its center the headlights of an arriving car would splash out and run down the winding road to the Valley floor. As we sought stretched out positions on our ledges, loud, hollering voices rose from the Bridalveil lot and we knew our friends were enjoying the Valley Happy Hour. Don philosophized briefly on the relative merits of doing SHORT, fierce climbs that allowed one to participate in the nightly Valley merriment, versus LONG, difficult climbs that hold the charm of controlled discomfort, stoicism, and no nightly socializing. My wise reply that some of both types offered the best of all possible climbing worlds was wasted on Don's snoring. Sleep came late for me as I had caught a quick look at the next lead off Guano Ledge, and I knew some hard A4 would arrive with the dawn,.
Ahwanee Ledge slowly came alive at 4 AM the next morning and gear was repacked in the haul bag. Fortified with "Red Mountain" and salami the traverse back to Guano Ledge in the dark with the heavy haul bag was a warming way to begin the day (any day). It was my lead, but I was glad when Don stated, "I'll lead stay alive cause I'll need some tension on these first pins." Up a polished slope to a bolt clip in and traverse around a shoulder into space and struggle to hang on while pounding the first pin into a long right, then left, switch back crack. Don's comments continued violent until easier nailing arrived. Cleaning this pitch advanced my dangling in space double angle overhang--open book rotten right hand crack rotten left hand crack -Jumar technique!
The next two pitches were uneventful, but with the Garden pitch came the only series of really lousy pins on the entire climb. First was a bad pin followed by a worse pin until there were no pins, and while standing on a pitifully placed nut trying to place quickly, quickly two nested knifeblades that popped so hard when I half tested them, I damn near dropped pins, tie off loop, slings, and my poise.
A tendon tearing stretch required a knifeblade inserted into an absolute no crack at all. How sweet the twang as I drove it to the eye; next, step up fast, with not even a thought of a test.
I was sooo happy with that knifeblade I ignored the next fixed bolt at the belay point and grabbed the small tree extending out from the vertical wall, pulled up out of my aid slings, wrapped one leg around the tree only to find there was no room to squeeze my body between tree and wall, so there I hung like an armored sloth, my happiness turning to panic at my stupid predicament. As I struggled I heard Don shout from below, "Can't you clip in your belay seat?" Cursing my panic and hanging by my heel and one hand, I fumbled my belay seat out of my pocket- around my butt clipped into the slung tree and sat dowm. Whew, kinda close.
Up the pitch raced Don cleaning my bad pins with single hammer blows and commenting, "not much to that pin… that was a baaaad pin … no wonder you were in a hurry on that one, etc., etc."
Past my belay he climbed through the octopus branches of that demon tree—"I'm coming back with a saw and prune you into a damned ladder" a mini bong under an overhanging block and he disappeared over the block.
Cleaning that difficult, awkward slanting pitch, unclipping and reclipping above each pin, remembering how disastrous it is to step into a Jumar that has not locked back onto the rope, going as fast as possible, and I was on the small ledge where Don was looking up at the 10th and last pitch.
Since the sun had set and night was rushing up the Valley walls, I was quite willing, even eager, to bivouac on that small ledge. But then Don said we were out of water (he had substituted the bottle of "Mountain Red" for one quart of water), I agreed we should try for the summit even though it was obvious we would complete it in the pitch black, moonless night. When Don asked me if I felt up to the lead, I alibied, "Sure, but you know how slow I nail in the dark!"
Without another word Don started to lead that pitch after cautioning me to be careful of removing the corner carabiner, since I would pendulum and might not be able to retrieve the pin. Darkness obliterated him after five pins and shortly after he called down, "You're tied off," I hollered for his flashlight and down it came on the hand line.
With the flashlight clenched in my teeth so tightly I expected the plastic case to shatter, I unclipped the rope from the corner carabiner and swung out into the black abyss. I missed grabbing the carabiner and sling when I swung back, but four tries later I made it, braced my feet against the wall, and struck one blow to remove the pin when the flashlight went out, ray arms were tiring fast t so I clipped the rope back in the sling/carabiner, took one double rope wrap around my waist to hold me, and contemplated this ridiculous development, Finally, to Hell with the pin, I'll cut the sling and save the carabiner, so out comes my very sharp knife and my fist plays braille along the rope. This is the rope- ¬this is the sling and this is my fatiguing fist. OK to cut the sling, try not to slice the fist, but NEVER cut the rope. The knife cut the sling and I was catapulted out from the wall. I started Jumaring before I quit swinging. Up on Jumars bang on pin unclip reclip and use braille to pound out the pins. I left six pins and three carabiners behind in the dark until the flashlight came back on so that light was available to finish cleaning the pitch and to set up the bivouac just below the summit.
Lovely pitch next morning. Clear and cold. We dashed up the 3rd class summit then made two short rappels, followed by ledge scrambling that finally led to the base of the wall. We took a last look at the route, picked up our debris, and charged off for a gallon of orange juice, steak and eggs, and friends.
Ken McNutt on the Tower
Ken McNutt died of cancer back in 1995. He was in his early seventies. We all respected the physical strength and mental acuity housed in the well-structured body of a man who was much older than any of us. He was an aerospace engineer, a mountaineer, a rockclimber, a mountain guide, and a superb bicyclist. He was a member of the Southern California Rockclimbing Section of the Sierra Club back in the sixties. This was his first and only Yosemite wall climb.


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The parathyroid glands are four pea-sized glands. They are located next to the thyroid gland in the neck. The glands secrete the parathyroid hormone (PTH). PTH helps to regulate the level of calcium in the blood.
In hypoparathyroidism, there is not enough PTH secreted. This causes low levels of calcium in the blood. Low blood calcium is known as hypocalcemia.
Hypoparathyroidism may be caused by:
- Removal of the parathyroid glands
- Underlying autoimmune disorders
- Absence of the parathyroid glands at birth
- Damage to the parathyroid glands
- Genetics conditions such as DiGeorge syndrome
- Magnesium deficiency due to alcoholism and/or malnutrition
- Other causes, such as metal overload from iron, magnesium, or aluminium
In some cases, a cause cannot be found.
Risk Factors
Factors that increase your chances of hypoparathyroidism include:
- Multiple autoimmune disorders
- Thyroid or parathyroid surgery
- Family history of hypoparathyroidism
Hypoparathyroidism does not always cause symptoms. If symptoms do develop, they may include:
You will be asked about your symptoms and medical history. A physical exam will be done.
Your bodily fluids may be tested. This can be done with:
- Blood tests
- Urine test
Images may be taken of your bodily structures. This can be done with:
Talk with your doctor about the best plan for you. Treatment options include the following:
Calcium and Vitamin D Supplementation
Calcium and vitamin D will usually be taken indefinitely. They are often taken by mouth.
Calcium may be given by injection. This is done when immediate symptom relief is needed.
Revision Information
- Reviewer: Brian Randall, MD
- Review Date: 08/2014 -
- Update Date: 09/30/2014 -


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Uluru-Kata Tjuta National Park
Uluru-Kata Tjuta National Park
This park, formerly called Uluru (Ayers Rock – Mount Olga) National Park, features spectacular geological formations that dominate the vast red sandy plain of central Australia. Uluru, an immense monolith, and Kata Tjuta, the rock domes located west of Uluru, form part of the traditional belief system of one of the oldest human societies in the world. The traditional owners of Uluru-Kata Tjuta are the Anangu Aboriginal people.
Parc national d'Uluru-Kata Tjuta
Ce parc, qui s'appelait autrefois parc national d'Uluru (Ayers Rock-Mont Olga), présente des formations géologiques spectaculaires qui dominent la vaste plaine sableuse du centre de l'Australie. L'immense monolithe d'Uluru et les dômes rocheux de Kata Tjuta, à l'ouest d'Uluru, font partie intégrante du système de croyances traditionnelles de l'une des plus anciennes sociétés humaines du monde. Les propriétaires traditionnels d'Uluru-Kata Tjuta appartiennent au peuple aborigène des Anangu.
منتزه أولورو- كاتا تجوتا الوطني
يضمّ هذا المنتزه الذي كان اسمه في السابق منتزه أولورو الوطني (في أيرز روك- جبل أولغا) تشكّلات جيولوجية مذهلة تسيطر على السهل الرملي في وسط أوستراليا. إن المنحوتة الحجرية الضخمة (المكوّن) في أولورو والقبب الصخرية في كاتا تجوتا، غرب أولورو، هي جزء لا يتجزّأ من منظومة المعتقدات التقليدية لأحد أقدم المجتمعات البشرية في العالم. أضف أن المالكين الأصليين لمنتزه أولورو- كاتا تجوتا هم من السكان الأصليين الأنانجو.
source: UNESCO/ERI
source: UNESCO/ERI
Национальный парк Улуру-Катаюта (Айерс-Рок – Маунт-Олга)
В этом парке, ранее называвшемся Улуру, располагаются грандиозные геологические образования, возвышающиеся посреди обширных песчаных пустынь в центральной части Австралии. Это гигантский монолит Улуру, а также расположенный немного западнее массив Катаюта, представляют собой нагромождение скал с округлыми вершинами. Монолит и скалы являются священными для аборигенного племени анангу, проживающего в этих местах и признанного одним из самых древних на земле человеческих сообществ.
source: UNESCO/ERI
Parque Nacional de Uluru-Kata Tjuta
Conocido en sus inicios con el nombre de Parque Nacional de Uluru (Ayers Rock-Mount Olga), este sitio posee formaciones geológicas espectaculares que dominan la vasta planicie arenosa del centro de Australia. El inmenso monolito de Uluru y las cúpulas rocosas de Kata Tjuta, situadas al oeste del parque, forman parte del sistema ancestral de creencias de una de las sociedades humanas más antiguas del mundo. El pueblo aborigen de los anangu es el propietario ancestral de Uluru-Kata Tjuta.
source: UNESCO/ERI
source: NFUAJ
Nationaal park Uluru-Kata Tjuta
Dit park – voorheen Nationaal Park Uluru (Ayers Rock-Mount Olga) – beschikt over spectaculaire geologische formaties, zoals de enorme monoliet Uluru en de rotskoepels Kata Tjuta ten westen hiervan. Uluru bestaat uit harde zandsteen die bloot is komen te liggen door erosie van het omliggende gesteente. De monoliet heeft een basisomtrek van 9,4 kilometer, gladde schuine zijden en een relatief vlakke bovenkant. De rotsformaties zijn onderdeel van het traditionele geloof en tevens eigendom van een van de oudste menselijke samenlevingen ter wereld, de Anangu Aboriginals.
Source: unesco.nl
Long Description
Situated on the southern margin of the major Amadeus sedimentary basin, the park comprises extensive sand plains, dunes and alluvial desert, punctuated by the Uluru monolith and Kata Tjuta.
Uluru is composed of hard sandstone which has been exposed as a result of folding, faulting and the erosion of surrounding rock. The monolith has a base circumference of 9.4 km, smooth sloping sides of up to 80° gradient and a relatively flat top. Major surface features of the rock include sheet erosion with layers 1-3 m thick, parallel to the existing surface, breaking away; deep parallel fissures which extend from the top and down the sides of the monolith; and a number of caves, inlets and overhangs at the base formed by chemical degradation and sand blast erosion.
Kata Tjuta comprises 36 steep-sided rock domes of gently dipping Mount Currie conglomerate consisting of phenocrysts of fine-grained acid and basic rocks, granite and gneiss in an epidote-rich matrix. Kata Tjuta tends to have hemispherical summits, near-vertical sides, steep-sided intervening valleys and has been exposed by the same process as Uluru.
The vegetation, modified by substrate stability, climate and fire, can be grouped into five major categories, arranged concentrically around the monolith formations. First, Uluru supports hardy perennial grass in soil pockets, and sedge on very shallow soil; second, the Kata Tjuta foothills support annual grasses; third, the fans and outwash alluviums around the monoliths support a complex of open grassland, low trees and shrubs. During rainy periods this vegetation can be luxuriant. Fourth, the plains area supports dense groves of mulga, acacia and native fuschia. Fifth, the sand dunes, rises and plains are dominated by spinifex grass.
There are 22 native mammals found in the park, including dingo, red kangaroo, common marsupial mole, hopping mouse, several bat species including Australian false vampire, bilgy, occasional short-nosed echidna, and several small marsupials and native rodents. Introduced red fox, cat, house mouse and European rabbit, in addition to feral dogs and camels, compete with indigenous species. More than 150 bird species have been recorded in the park, and all five Australian reptile families are represented.
The park, and in particular the Uluru monolith, is one of several equally important and interconnected centers of local and religious significance scattered throughout the extensive area of western central Australia occupied by Aborigines. Cave paintings on Uluru, some of which are considered to be ancient, indicate the length of time Aborigines have been present in the area. Traditional religious philosophy, Tjukurpa, provides an interpretation of the present landscape, flora, fauna and natural phenomena in terms of the journeys and activities of ancestral beings and consequently binds the people socially, spiritually and historically to the land.
The site is an outstanding example of a traditional human settlement representative of Aboriginal culture, directly associated with religious and cultural traditions.Source: UNESCO/CLT/WHC
Historical Description
Archaeological evidence indicates that parts of central Australia have been continuously occupied for at least 30,000 years (although probably only on a temporary basis during the most arid phases). A period of "intensification" and social and cultural adaptive evolution by Anangu began some 5000 years ago, during which new tool types were introduced, new forms of rock art created, and new camping patterns established. A broader diet was established, including the exploitation of the seeds of several grass species as additional sources of food. More complex patterns of social organization are manifested during this period with the appearance of larger base camps and the emergence of contemporary forms of rock art.
The evolution of the Anangu hunting and gathering culture took place in parallel with the evolution of farming but in a contrasting ecosystem: both are human cultural responses to the changing post-glacial global climate. A key feature of the Anangu adaptation was the mapping of social groups on the landscape in such a way that each local group held pre-eminent rights over a particular base camp adjacent to a semi-permanent water supply. The group was responsible for the management of food resources in the country (ngura ) surrounding that camp, but did not assert exclusive rights to those resources: reciprocal rights were allowed to neighbouring groups. Both Uluru and Kata Tjuta are traditional base camps of this kind; around 20% of Anangu living at any rime today in the Mutitjulu community are visitors from other communities in the region. The effectiveness of this system is demonstrated by the archaeological evidence of a substantial rise in population density in the region over the past 5000 years.
The first European to see Uluru was the explorer Gosse, who named it Ayers Rock after the then Chief Secretary of New South Wales. The year before Ernest Giles had named Kata Tjuta after Queen Olga of Württemberg. A short period of competitive exploration began to investigate the possibilities of the area for pastoral expansion once the overland telegraph, constructed in the 1870s, had made it more accessible for colonization, but in less than twenty years the sponsors of these explorations withdrew, concluding that this country was too arid for occupation.
In the first decades of the 20th century the Commonwealth, South Australian, and Western Australian Governments declared extensive reserves in central Australia as sanctuaries for the Anangu speakers of several related dialects, designed to protect them from unfavourable contact with white Australians while they were being re-educated into European culture. Anangu resisted assimilation, frequently leaving missions and government settlements to return to a traditional life-style and to transmit the tjukurpa to their children. A din road was pushed through in the 1940s and so Anangu were able to exploit tourists as a source of independence from government rations.
The Uluru-Kata-Tjuta area was excised from the South West Reserve in 1958 and reserved as Ayers Rock-Mount Olga National Park, under the care, control, and management of the then Northem Territory Reserves Board. A number of tourist motels were built in the vicinity of Uluru early in the life of the Park. Although the Reserves Board was hostile to any encouragement of an Anangu presence at Uluru, the Welfare Branch secured a lease within the Park on which the Ininti store was constructed as an Anangu-owned enterprise.
In 1973 a Parliamentary inquiry examined the management of the Park and recommended that tourist accommodation should be relocated outside the Park boundaries for environmental reasons. It also recommended protection of Anangu sacred sites at Uluru and training for Anangu rangers. The Uluru (Ayers Rock-Mount Olga) National Park, covering 1325 km2, was declared on 24 May 1977 under the National Parks and Wildlife Conservation Act 1975. Day-to-day management was carried out by the Conservation Commission of the Northern Terri tory, with funding and overall policy direction provided by the Australian National Parks and Wildlife Service. Some Anangu were employed as rangers but bad no place in the formal management of the Park.
In November 1983 the Prime Minister announced the intention of the Commonwealth Government to grant title of Uluru National Park to the Aboriginal traditional owners with a lease-back of the area to the Director of National Parks and Wildlife, in accord with the wishes of the traditional owners. Freehold title was handed over to the Uluru-Kata Tjuta Aboriginal Land Trust on 26 October 1985, and in April1986 a Board of Management was established to manage the Park in conjunction with the Director of National Parks and Wildlife. It was at Anangu request that the official name was changed in 1993 to Uluru-Kata Tjuta National Park, in order to reflect the Aboriginality of the Park and of its cultural landscape.Source: Advisory Body Evaluation
Activities (1)
Uluru Ayers Rock (Australian Tourism Network)
Uluru-Kata Tjuta National Park (world heritage) (Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities)
Uluru Kata-Tjuta National Park (Department of the Environment and Heritage -Parks and Reserves)
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The Official Site for Australian Travel and Tourism Australia


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Hall monitor: What's happening in area schools
Washington Middle School
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Originally Posted by Cole
yes they do ship to canada... i got mine in the mail today... very nice tape measure.. now i actually have one with metric on it if i ever find i need it
thank you miller...
now if i can find myself a deal on the dynasty 200, i'll be set [ran out of cash at christmas when it was on sale locally ]
Results 21 to 26 of 26
Thread: Miller Tape Measure
03-09-2006, 11:10 AM #21Junior Member
Nick Leinonen
- Join Date
- Dec 2005
- Location
- markham, ontario, canada
- Posts
- 7
03-10-2006, 01:09 PM #22Member
- Join Date
- Sep 2005
- Posts
- 40
Thanks Miller for the tape. Haven't been brave enough to get mine dirty yet but I know it will happen being around here.
The metric really took me by surprise. Hardly ever use that side of the tape, but my nephew doesn't know anything else- HOW LONG IS IT? ABOUT 46.5 CENTIMETERS. HUH??????? The kid just can't get it through his head us 'old people' still don't use metric everyday.
I still don't know what half a meter looks like, but I can tell 2 feet from three!!
Thanks again Miller
Amos F
03-10-2006, 07:47 PM #23Junior Member
- Join Date
- Jan 2006
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- Ontario
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- 17
Thanks miller, tape looks good beside my tb 302.
Where's Mine?
How does one go about gettin' one of these tapes I'm hearin' so much about? If it's for free, it's for me!TA Arcmaster 185 w/TIG/Stick Kit
MM210 w/3535 Frankengun
MM140 w/o AS w/SM100 & CO2
Hobart (Miller) 625 Plasma
Hobart 250ci Plasma
Victor O/A (always ready, but bored)
Lincoln Patriot Autodark (freebie)
.45ACP Black Talons for those difficult jobs
09-17-2006, 10:34 PM #25Junior Member
- Join Date
- Dec 2005
- Posts
- 2
Tape Measure Appreciation
Without a doubt the nicest tape measure that I own. Miller spent a fortune to send it to me. Thanks Miller.
09-17-2006, 10:36 PM #26Senior Member
- Join Date
- Sep 2002
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- Clark County, NV
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Indigenous Australian Studies
undergraduate major
Indigenous Studies gives students an opportunity to develop a deep understanding of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander cultures, histories and knowledge systems, drawing upon the ideas and methods of disciplines including history, anthropology, sociology, literature, linguistics, film and health studies. It involves these disciplines in a critical dialogue with traditional and contemporary Indigenous people and cultures, and with social and political histories of colonisation and decolonisation.
The units offered reflect the evolving discipline of Indigenous Studies and articulate the many voices, perspectives and priorities of Indigenous peoples and communities. Students are given the opportunity to engage in analysis, discussion and debate around key issues that are of significance to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people. Some of these issues include language revitalisation, world-leading Indigenous film and literature, the ongoing efforts to improve Indigenous health outcomes and the broader pursuit of Indigenous self-determination and social justice.
Taught by Indigenous and non-Indigenous academic staff from across the University, and experts from the wider community, Indigenous Studies units are offered through the Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences and are available to all students.
Major outline
A major in Indigenous Studies requires a minimum of 36 senior credits points, including the compulsory unit KOCR2600, and at least 6 credit points taken at 3000 level.
Junior units of study (1000 level):
Students must complete 18 junior credit points before enrolling in the major and its senior units of study. There are no junior units in Indigenous Studies, so these must be taken elsewhere.
The Indigenous Studies major draws students from a wide range of disciplines, which is reflected in the wide variety of junior units available for progression into senior units.
Senior units of study (2000 and 3000 level):
You complete one compulsory 6 credit point 2000 level unit of study (KOCR2600), and you must also complete a minimum of 6 credit points taken at 3000 level. The remaining 24 credit points can be taken from 2000 and 3000 level units of study found in the unit of study table.
Graduate opportunities
Graduates who have completed a major in Indigenous Studies have described their study experience as challenging and rewarding. Their study influenced their everyday lives and transformed their thinking about a range of social issues, not exclusively limited to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples. Indigenous Studies develops knowledge and critical skills which ensure that our graduates secure employment in a variety of professional roles, which include public policy advisers and policy decision makers in government and non government sectors.
Further study for major
The major in Indigenous Studies is an innovative interdisciplinary area of study which can equip you with the knowledge necessary to pursue further postgraduate coursework study in a number of areas.
Related subject areas
Anthropology; Art History; Australian Studies; Australian Literature; Cultural Studies; Film Studies; Linguistics; Performance Studies; Social Policy; Sociology; History, Political Economy; and Gender Studies.