text:
Braided Wool Baskets
$46 - $149
Our hamper and baskets do it all: Soft-sided construction keeps stuffed toys and cherished blankets free from snags, while pleasingly floppy shapes conform easily to rigid items like books, blocks or wooden trains.
Show product details...
- Small Basket: 12" diam., 9"H
- Medium Basket: 16" diam., 10"H
- Large Basket: 20" diam., 14"H
- Extra-Large Basket: 24" diam., 14"H
- Hamper: 15" diam., 22"H
Shown in marine.
Braided Wool Baskets
$46 - $149


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Source: 'Central Park TV & Movie Sites Tour'
Explore sites from beloved TV and film scenes with this offer for more than 40% off tickets to the "Central Park TV & Movie Sites" tour.
Valid for tours through Dec. 31; tours run daily at noon thru September, then on Thursdays-Sundays and Tuesdays at noon
Source: New York Water Taxi
Take in unbeatable views of the Manhattan skyline and the Statue of Liberty with New York Water Taxi for 45% off.
Through Sept. 30, 2015
Source: Tache Artisan Chocolate
Spend an afternoon making chocolate at Tache Artisan Chocolate, noted by The New York Times for its "elegant" sweets and "exotic" flavors.
Source: The Museum of Modern Art
Home to an unparalleled collection of modern and contemporary artwork, including Vincent van Gogh's The Starry Night, The Museum of Modern Art is a must-see on anyone's list of things to do in the Big Apple.
Through May 13, 2016
Source: Classic Harbor Line
Save $10 per ticket on a Statue and Skyline cruise aboard the luxurious, 1920s-style yacht Manhattan, which earns 5 stars on TripAdvisor from more than 670 reviews.
May 14 - Oct. 1, 2015
Source: Manhattan By Sail
Set sail on New York Harbor to the Statue of Liberty aboard a 158-foot topsail schooner with Manhattan By Sail, a TripAdvisor Certificate of Excellence winner.
Through Oct. 11, 2015
Source: New York Helicopter
Fox 5 and Yahoo! Travel journalists recently took and recommend this tour, while Travelzoo members call it "amazing," "spectacular" and "an absolute must."
Through Jan. 31, 2016
Source: 'The Tour'
Save up to 40% on tickets to "The Tour," New York City's new, immersive multimedia sightseeing adventure.
Valid for use at tours through Dec. 30
Sail the New York harbor aboard the Schooner Adirondack or Schooner America 2.0, both ranked in the top three of TripAdvisor's Boat Tours and Water Sports.
Monday-Friday through Oct. 9, 2015
On this 90-minute cruise, Travelzoo members get an up-close look at Manhattan's historic architecture with a complimentary glass of beer or wine in hand.
Through Oct. 29, 2015; Mondays or Thursdays at 2:30 p.m.
Source: Pappardella
Plan for a beautiful day in Central Park with this picnic-friendly four-course Italian meal for two and save over 55% off.
Through Sept. 26, 2015
Source: 'TCM Classic Film Tour'
Spend the day exploring New York City's film sites with Turner Classic Movies on this three-hour bus tour, now $10 off.
Through Nov. 28; tours Tuesdays, Thursdays and Saturdays at 10:30 a.m.
Source: The Metropolitan Museum of Art
One of the largest art museums in the world, The Met is "the undisputed crown jewel of the city's cultural treasures" (New York mag).
Through Jan. 30, 2016
Source: Brooklyn Boulders
Spend the day climbing over 22,000 square feet of indoor terrain at Brooklyn Boulders, a "destination for New York rock climbers" (The New York Times).
Source: Manhattan Kayak Company
Take to the Hudson River on a New York After Dark tour with Manhattan Kayak Company for over half off regular prices.
Source: 'Saturday Night Live - The Exhibition'
"Saturday Night Live - The Exhibition" takes guests behind the scenes of the longest-running comedy in U.S. history, giving them a glimpse into the show's hectic weekly schedule.
Valid through Oct. 31
Source: Hornblower Cruises
Kick off the weekend with drinks and apps aboard Hornblower Cruises and save 40% on regular prices.
Through Oct. 17, 2015; Thursday-Sunday
Source: Hampton Luxury Liner
You "don't have to worry about anything except tasting some fine wine" with Hampton Luxury Liner, said a Travelzoo member. Save 50% on 2015 tours.
Select dates through Nov. 21, 2015
Take in the city's skyline and cruise by the Statue of Liberty on Hornblower Cruises for over 30% off.
Through Oct. 17, 2015
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More than 2,000 TripAdvisor reviewers have given Food On Foot Tours a perfect 5-star rating, helping it earn a 2014 Certificate of Excellence.
Through Dec. 15, 2015
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Explore the longest bikeway in Manhattan with rentals from Hudson River Sightseeing for half off regular prices.
Through Oct. 31, 2015
Source: Butter Lane
Butter Lane bakes some of the best cupcakes in NYC (CBS New York). Learn from these pros and make your own cupcakes in a two-hour class at 40% off.
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Spend the day at Central Park with a gourmet picnic for two delivered to you by Perfect Picnic, which earns 5 stars on Yelp.
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Take a culinary tour of some of Manhattan's most storied neighborhoods and save over 50% on regular prices.
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Cruise the New York Harbor with top-rated Manhattan By Sail and enjoy live jazz against the dazzling backdrop of the city's skyline.
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Spend the evening at Subrosa, which brings a "refreshing bohemian breeze to the neighborhood, along with a distinctly Latin beat" (The New York Times).
Select dates through Oct. 30, 2015
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Through Sept. 30, 2015; Tuesday-Thursday
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Through Oct. 30, 2015; Monday-Friday, 3 p.m.
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Set sail to see the Statue of Liberty with Circle Line Sightseeing, a tour guide that receives high ratings from over 4000 users across TripAdvisor and Yelp.
Through Aug. 31, 2015; Sunday-Thursday
Spend the day exploring New York City's film sites with Turner Classic Movies on this three-hour bus tour, now more than 30% off.

subset: commoncrawl


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Kansas City, MO (Sports Network) - With the Texas Rangers' playoff hopes dwindling day by day, Matt Garza stepped up and temporarily righted the ship.
Garza fired eight-plus innings of one-run ball in the Rangers' 3-1 win over the Kansas City Royals in the middle test of a three-game set.
Garza (4-5) struck out five and surrendered just five hits and a walk for the Rangers, who are one-half game behind the Cleveland Indians for the AL's second wild-card spot.
"He was really good. He was really pounding the strike zone," Kansas City manager Ned Yost said of Garza.
Garza was 0-3 with an 8.22 ERA in three prior September starts.
"You're the one who has to wake up in the morning and look at yourself in the mirror. I wasn't happy with what I saw. I just got back to being comfortable, back to being who was I was," Garza said.
Texas, which had dropped 15 of its last 19 tilts coming in, saws its' long lasting lead atop the wild-card standings vanquish on Friday. The Cleveland Indians' rain-shortened triumph over the Houston Astros on Friday, paired with the Rangers' 2-1 loss to KC, gave them the advantage in the standings.
Elvis Andrus and Alex Rios both tallied an RBI and run scored apiece, while Craig Gentry smacked three hits in the victory. Joe Nathan struck out two in the ninth to notch his 40th save of the season.
Jeremy Guthrie (14-12) allowed three runs on seven hits and two walks over six innings for Kansas City, which is 3 1/2 games behind the Tribe for the AL's second wild-card spot.
Eric Hosmer's solo homer in the ninth accounted for the Royals' lone run.
Texas jumped out to a 3-0 lead after plating a run in the first and two in the third.
Ian Kinsler belted a triple into the gap in right-center to start the game and Andrus' RBI groundout brought him home.
Back-to-back one-out walks to Andrus and Rios in the third preceded Adrian Beltre's single, which brought home Andrus. A.J. Pierzynski's sacrifice fly plated Rios.
Texas was 1-for-8 with runners in scoring position, while the Royals finished
0-for-3 with RISP ... Hosmer's blast was his 17th of the season ... Beltre has
88 RBI this year.


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If you can dream it, you can do it. -Walt Disney
Quality is a great business plan. -John Lasseter
Let's make some funny pictures. -Tex Avery
I never considered a difference of opinion in politics, in religion, in philosophy, as cause for withdrawing from a friend. -Howard Zinn
When critics sit in judgment it is hard to tell where justice leaves off and vengeance begins. -Chuck Jones
And what do you benefit if you gain the whole world but lose your own soul? -Jesus
A man should never neglect his family for business. -Walt Disney
What's most important in animation is the emotions and the ideas being portrayed. -Ralph Bakshi
Once you have heard a strange audience burst into laughter at a film you directed, you realize what the word joy is all about. -Chuck Jones
Before enlightenment: chop wood, carry water. After enlightenment: chop wood, carry water. -Buddhist Proverb
Sign In
Showcase your drawings, illustrations, video and media.
8 posts • Page 1 of 1
Re: G-Biking
Best thing about your film is you're telling a story. That's a lot of work. Good job!
The transcribed text is hilarious. It's not matching up with the dialogue but it's very creative.
Re: G-Biking
What do you mean by transcribed text? You mean the thought bubble gag?
Re: G-Biking
For some reasons subtitles are appearing when I watch YouTube videos.
Re: G-Biking
Must be the Closed Captions. You can turn them off just so you know.
Re: G-Biking
Re: G-Biking
One of the things I noticed about your videos is that the staging is always in one point perspective. Have you tried using two point perspective for some of the scenes? In other words, posing your characters and vehicles in 3/4 poses instead of full front or profile.
Re: G-Biking
I know.
That's why I'm looking to hire somebody else to take over for me with the animation aspect of the show.
8 posts • Page 1 of 1


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Organic Gardening - Tips on Organic Vegetable, Indoor & Home Gardening
| From beginnings as the study of indigenous farming techniques in the early 1900s, organic gardening has expanded into what some would call a mild rebellion against the use of artificial fertilizers, pesticides, and bio-engineering. It's not just a way of growing fruit and vegetables; for many people, organics have become a life-style with the goal of achieving a healthier, more self-sustainable way of life.
Organic gardening today is practiced in large scale farming as well as in the back yard vegetable gardens and orchards. Here in our forum, we have members who have grown up with the organic movement and provide helpful tips and advice on making your organic garden a success. We look forward hearing your questions and helping to make your organic gardening experience successful and satisfying.
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Move over Kitchler, I'm taking over the chandelier lighting empire!
Here is how you can make an outdoor chandelier with discarded bicycle parts and paint:
- Strand of outdoor lights
- Assorted bicycle parts. No two chandeliers will be alike because the end result will depend on what parts you can find in the trash.
- Assorted hardware (brackets, nuts, bolts)
- Super magnets (5 large, 5 small, one large with hanging ring)
- 10 washers
- 5 Bawls guarana bottles, cut
- Mineral spirits
- Mineral oil
- Hot glue sticks
- Krylon Mirror-Like paint
- Krylon made-for-plastic paint (any color)
- Krylon all purpose black paint
- Krylon all purpose orange paint
- Krylon metallic silver paint
- Piece of cardboard
- Utility knife
- Newspapers
- Krylon glitter paint (optional)
- Glass cutter
- Pliers
- Flat screwdriver
- Toothbrush
- Glue gun
Step 1: Cut glass bottles
Quite fantastic.
I meant to ask, though, what is the easiest etc. way to cut glass bottles?
Thanks for the question. I didn't realize I hadn't embedded the video. You can now watch my video on the easiest way to cut glass bottles in the second step.
Popular, video, photo, step by step Zeitgeist list and so on.
click on the Z list!
What people are talking about at the moment, rather than views or ratings.
3-4 inches over to the right of that word all: are these words:
Step by step
Videos! under videos is Zeitgeist click on that for this entry. Every category has a Z list , food, cleaning, sports, outdoor and so on.
Do you play the Ponies? If not, maybe you should!!!
This awesome project could very well turn into a Triple-Play!
Best of Luck, puppy!
Best of Luck FlyingPuppy!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
I've never had it hold up longer than a year. If you only want something that will last a few months to a year then it's fine. Otherwise try a more permanent adhesive.


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Know what grounds you; know what is important to you; and a world of happiness and wisdom awaits! This amazing motivational poster celebrates the necessity of having a set of true, time-tested values as your bedrock, from which to launch yourself to success in life. Amazing photography from the world-renowned Takakkaw Falls at Yoho National Park in British Columbia, Canada! Perfect for the wall of home or office. A rare print you likely won't find ANYWHERE else!
Product Specifications:


text:
Description:HP StorageWorks SAN Switch 2/16-EL UpgradeManufacturer Part# 288250-B21
Overview:The HP StorageWorks SAN Switch 2/16-EL is a 2 Gb transfer speed Fibre Channel SAN Fabric Switch featuring the optional ability to trunk or aggregate the throughput of up to four inter switch ports. With sixteen ports users will be able to create up to four 8 Gb Trunked ISLs between two or more similar 2 Gb switches. It also features optional SFP (Small-Form-Factor-Pluggable) connectors which allow for higher port density than was available using GBICs. The higher speed coupled with the optional Trunking feature will allow users to install these switches in pairs for use as high speed backbone devices for joining SAN islands with little to no performance degradation. The SAN Switch 2/16-EL combines 1 Gb and 2 Gb Fibre Channel throughput with new features that greatly enhance switch operation.
Part Number288250-B21
Products ID457746
Form Factor1U - Small - Pluggable
Number of Fibre Channel Ports16 Hot-pluggable
Port TypesFL_Port, F_Port, and E_Port
Management Access10/100 Ethernet (RJ-45), serial port
Performance2 GB
2 Gb/s line speed, full duplexOperating Temperature
50° to 104° F (10° to 40° C)Dimensions (WxHxD)
16.9 in x 1.7 in x 17.7 inSupported Power
100 to 230 VAC
[ Manufacturers Specs ]


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we don't want change standard just after every attack, now for AES 128bit blocks i think 16 round is secure, but what is best round amount ? we had attack for 7 round then 10 round and it going so on i think so is better we use a better standard. how many round you think we use is better for a long time ?
Take the 2-minute tour ×
Cryptography Stack Exchange is a question and answer site for software developers, mathematicians and others interested in cryptography. It's 100% free, no registration required.
The AES standard specifies the use of 10 rounds with 128-bit keys. Anything other than this is, by definition, not AES. There are no known effective attacks against standard AES-128.


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Join the eNotes Teachers Community
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Teachers love to help other teachers, so we've created Document Exchange, a database with thousands of free documents created and uploaded by teachers. When you subscribe, you will be able to view every teacher-created document and download as many as you want. If you are a high school teacher, you will find an eNotes lesson plan or user-contributed document for nearly every major work in the English canon—novels, plays, and short stories. For as little as 54 cents a day, get complete access to our growing catalog of superior lesson plans and teaching materials. Sign up for your subscription today.
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Access ready-to-download quizzes for our top literature titles. We offer over 800 multiple-choice quizzes that can be used as quick, fact-based reading checks. We also provide over 100 short-answer quizzes that will test your students' in-depth knowledge of a work. Available only with the eNotes Teacher's Edition!


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Wednesday, June 25, 2014 ‑— The Lassen County Chamber of Commerce sponsors the 24th annual Main Street Cruise from 2 to 6 p.m. on Main Street in Uptown Susanville, and Main Street will be closed for the event.
The Main Street Cruise provides a fun-filled afternoon for the everyone in the family.
For more information, call the chamber at 257-4323.
Schedule of events
2 p.m. — Main Street closes to through traffic. Cars and motorcycles can begin to enter the show from S. Lassen Street
2 to 6 p.m. — Car and Motorcycle Show-N-Shine. Food and beverages available. Sidewalks sales. Beer and wine bar available in Pancera Plaza from 2 to 7 p.m.
6 p.m. — Main Street reopens to through traffic
6:30 p.m. — Event award winners announced in Pancera Plaza
8 to 11 p.m. — Live music by Timeless at the Lassen Ale Works


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A slew of artists will join the Nashville Choir at the Schermerhorn Symphony Center on May 1 to pay tribute to the music of gospel mainstays Bill and Gloria Gaither.
Backed by an orchestra, Amy Grant, Vince Gill, Michael W. Smith, Sandi Patty, Larnelle Harris, The Isaacs, Buddy Greene, Russ Taff, Gordon Mote, Gary McSpadden, Sheila Walsh, Steve Green and the Gaither Vocal Band will perform some of the Grammy- and Dove Award-winning songs written by the Gaithers.
Tickets for "A Tribute to the Songs of Bill and Gloria Gaither" run $75, $150 and $250, and are on sale now through the Schermerhorn Symphony Center Box Office, 615-687-6400 or NashvilleSymphony.org. All proceeds from the event will go to benefit the Gospel Music Trust Fund and the Nashville Choir's homeless outreach work with Hope For Nashville.


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Santa Clara has a long tradition of quality public services and a well-maintained infrastructure. The City has owned and operated its own electric, water and sewer utilities for over a century. Lower utility rates and high standards of service have encouraged the relocation and growth of businesses in our community.
City of Santa Clara
The City of Santa Clara is not responsible for the content of external sites.
Thank you for visiting the City of Santa Clara website.


text:
My new passport isn't feeding the wire...the wire wheel doesn't turn or the wire feeder wheel doesn't turn either... When I press the mig gun trigger I hear a beep and click but nothing moves...any tips or troubleshooting ideas are welcome...went through manual and everything is hooked up right...please help...thanks
Results 1 to 2 of 2
Thread: passport plus not feeding wire
01-13-2013, 08:02 AM #1Member
- Join Date
- Jan 2013
- Location
- Ohio
- Posts
- 60
passport plus not feeding wire
01-13-2013, 09:15 AM #2Senior Member
- Join Date
- Jan 2008
- Posts
- 328
Is it switched to spoolgun?
Make sure the machine is set up to run the gun and not a spool gun. spool gun setting on Hobarts turn the drive motor off. Not sure of the passport.


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Race Car Driver Takes 3 Year Old on a Ride and Records His Reaction [Watch]
A Russian race car driver took his son on a ride in his car and the kid is having a ball! The facial expressions are priceless! And who doesn't like a kid giggling!
But, some people are concerned about the safety of the boy


text:
- Home »
- News and Events »
- A Note from the Student Organization
A Note from the Student Organization
By John Carlson '14, Student Organization President
Webb students are accustomed to hitting the ground running at the start of every semester, ready and eager to take on the challenges of the coming year. The officers of the Student Organization feel that we should take the same approach to our elected positions, and we've already had our fair share of challenges to break us in. We've got an all-star team working hard at making this next year something great, and I'm happy to say I'm confident in their abilities to deliver. Here are a few of our biggest undertakings, which have already begun to take form:
Increased Community Service
Whether volunteering for the Ronald McDonald Foundation or strapping on boots and repairing houses damaged by Hurricane Sandy, Webbies have always shown a tremendous propensity for selfless action. Volunteer work is not only a chance for us to give back to the community but also gives also an opportunity us a chance to experience that "outdoors" thing people from the real world always talk about. Provided we can tear enough people away from their work, I hope that the Webb student body will experience an increase in volunteer activities in the coming year.
Student Leadership
The current Student Organization structure allows for 24 elected leadership positions, which translates into roughly 30% of the student population. On top of that, clubs, groups, and events can be initiated by any student at any time, provided he or she can find enough likeminded individuals to participate. Needless to say, leadership opportunities are abundant for anyone who wants to seize them. That being said, it is my hope that we will inspire further student initiative to continue and amplify this unique aspect of Webb culture. The Leadership Committee will lead the charge on this front, and the Student Organization will lend its full support.
Focus on Student Responsibility
Webb is a unique place that grants its Student Organization an unprecedented level of autonomy when compared to other schools. As such, it is our sworn responsibility to uphold the reputation of both Webb and our student body in our actions and attitudes. We will be working tirelessly to ensure that every student at Webb is afforded an opportunity to be comfortable, happy, and most importantly safe during their time here. Furthermore, it is paramount that students are reminded that we are a family and we exist to look out for one another. My favorite aspects of Webb have always been its atmosphere and close relationships, and I want to make sure every student is given the same opportunity.


text:
Commercial Services and Supplies
Company Overview of Nalco Finance Holdings LLC
BOARD MEMBERS AFFILIATED WITH J. Erik Fyrwald *
Chief Executive Officer of Univar Inc and President of Univar Inc
*Data is at least as current as the most recent Definitive Proxy.
MOST CONNECTED PEOPLE TO J. Erik Fyrwald
|Susan M. Crown
|332 Relationships
|Edward Barry Rust
|252 Relationships
|Andrew N. Liveris
|222 Relationships
|James M. Nicholson
|222 Relationships
|David E. Kepler
|208 Relationships
Sponsored Financial Commentaries
Sponsored Links
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To contact Nalco Finance Holdings LLC, please visit . Company data is provided by Capital IQ. Please use this form to report any data issues.
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Our data partners will research the update request and update the information on this page if necessary. Research and follow-up could take several weeks. If you have questions, you can contact them at firstname.lastname@example.com.


text:
Dioceasan News
Newman Centers are anchor of faith at public colleges
By • The Catholic Review • 12/17/2008
BALTIMORE (Catholic Review) - There is a sense of sadness and apprehension that washes over most parents as they drop their children off for college. Who�s going to watch or feed them and make sure they get to class on time? Better yet, who�s going to keep their souls clean when invitations to ...
A Pinprick to Revive Devotion
By • The Catholic Moment • 6/24/2008
Father Leonard Kostka decided to create a �One Drop� cross. The lapel pin or necklace consists of a sterling silver Celtic cross with an almandine garnet in the center. RENSSELAER � One drop will save the world from sin. That�s the reason Precious Blood Father Leonard Kostka decided to create a ...
Family celebration: Utah women travel to India to meet with sponsored children
By • Intermountain Catholic • 5/16/2008
SALT LAKE CITY, Utah (Intermountain Catholic) � Maxine Kaiser of Salt Lake City and Deborah Carr of Provo aren�t the kind of women who would fly off to India just to see the Taj Mahal. But Kaiser, director of liturgy for the Diocese of Salt Lake City, and Carr, a school teacher, did fly off to ...
Deportation of Wis. eighth-grader reveals immigration policy's painful side to class
By • The Compass • 5/15/2008
GREEN BAY, Wisconsin (The Compass) - Students at St. Bernard School learned about the painful realities of illegal immigration recently when one of their classmates was deported to Mexico. The situation and whereabouts of Miriam (the school asked that her last name not be used), an eighth grader at ...
Mandatory drug testing to be implemented in Oklahoma City Catholic high schools
The Sooner Catholic • 5/15/2008
OKLAHOMA CITY, Oklahoma (The Sooner Catholic) - Both Catholic high schools in the Archdiocese of Oklahoma City will implement mandatory random drug testing of the entire student body beginning next fall. In making the announcement, Bishop McGuinness Principal David Morton and Mount Saint Mary ...
Catechesis of the Good Shepherd �hands-on� religious education gets a look in Texas
By • The Texas Catholic Herald • 5/14/2008
KINGWOOD, Texas (The Texas Catholic Herald) - Centered on the specific goal of bringing children closer to God, Catechesis of the Good Shepherd is being introduced to religious educators in the Archdiocese of Galvestion-Houston through formation courses being held at St. Martha Church. The ...
Food versus fuel: Is biofuel production to blame for our present food shortage?
By • The West Texas Catholic • 5/14/2008
AMARILLO, Texas (West Texas Catholic) - According to a Catholic News Service report, recent protests over rising food prices have highlighted the controversy over biofuels such as ethanol made from corn or diesel fuel made from vegetable oils. Though some are quick to blame the manufacture of ...
Spirituality key to the dying patient�s �quality of life,� says Catholic doctor
By • Catholic San Francisco • 5/13/2008
SAN FRANCISCO, CA (Catholic San Francisco) - Medicine shrinks from caring for the spiritual needs of dying patients, even though spirituality is what most people yearn for most at the end of life, Dr. Daniel Sulmasy, a physician, philosopher and Franciscan Brother, told an audience at the ...
Bioethics battle is between contrary visions of the human person, says Rome professor
By • Cross Roads • 5/12/2008
LEXINGTON, KY (Cross Roads) - In the field of bioethics, two contrary visions of the human person are engaged in a �fierce battle� with far-reaching implications for the human race, a professor of bioethics told a Lexington group Feb. 22 at the Catholic Center in Lexington. Legion of Christ ...
St. Jude Children�s Research Hospital helping 6-year-old Mo. girl enjoy life
By • The Catholic Missourian • 5/8/2008
JEFFERSON CITY, MO (The Catholic Missourian) - Six-year-old Elaina Verslues is never afraid to go to back to St. Jude Children�s Research Hospital in Memphis. In fact, it�s exciting for her. �She loves to go there,� said her mother, Jill Verslues of Immaculate Conception parish in Jefferson City. ...
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text:
Since 1989, our modest entry into the Woodworking Equipment market in the USA &
Canada has expanded. Today, EX-FACTORY is an industry leader in woodworking equipment
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Gallery: Fastest Hydrogen Car in the World Smashes 300MPH Record
Few land vehicles are capable of hitting 300 miles per hour – it is, after all, a pretty impressive speed for a car to achieve. That figure becomes even more incredible when you enter the realm of alternative transportation. However just last week the Buckeye Bullet 2 became the first hydrogen powered vehicle to exceed that speed, smashing the world speed record for fuel cell vehicles with a scorching 304mph run!
The Buckeye Bullet's predecessor, obviously known as the Buckeye Bullet 1, currently holds the national and international landspeed record for electric vehicles, at 315 miles per hour. The Buckeye Bullet 2 team aimed to achieve the same goal for a fuel cell vehicle, and sure enough, they did.
The Buckeye Bullet 2 clocked an average speed of 300.992 miles per hour, with a top recorded speed of 304 mph. The Buckeye Bullet is powered by a custom 700HP electric motor, fueled by hydrogen and oxygen batteries, and is equipped with a state-of-the-art array of sensors and instruments.
For their effort, the team was rewarded with the FIA World Record, for hydrogen-powered vehicles. This confirms what we have said all along: electric, and hydrogen vehicles are clearly ready for prime time. Congratulations to the students of Ohio State University College of Engineering!
Via Gas 2.0
6 Comments
August 26, 2010 at 6:08 pm
[…] pumps will harness solar energy to produce hydrogen fuel from water through electrolysis. While hydrogen-powered cars may not get the column inches that electric cars do, they offer an alternative to the standard […]
August 24, 2010 at 3:03 pm
[…] needed, such as platinum, while increasing efficiency. It is hoped that the research will enable hydrogen cars to manufactured en […]
January 1, 2010 at 12:52 pm
Very impressive and congratualtions to the Buckeyes, a great demonstration project. Now get to work on the bigger challenge of making and pressurizing hydrogen without using electricity generated from CO2 producing fossil fuels.
September 29, 2009 at 9:57 am
They actually set the record again, later that week at 302.877 mph, with a top speed of 307.011 mph.
They have video too: http://www.youtube.com/buckeyebullet2


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Idaho Transportation Department
DMV HomeOn-Line ServicesNew to Idaho?Driver ServicesVehicle ServicesMotor Carrier Services / Ports of EntryDriver Licensing OfficesVehicle Licensing OfficesCounty WebsitesOther State DMV LinksInformation for Idaho Military PersonnelManualsLinksRecent LegislationIdaho Motor Vehicle LawsAdmin. RulesVoter RegistrationDMV Historytrucking.idaho.govContact Us
Click on a question below to view questions and answers relating to your selection.
Note: In this document, "ITD" refers to the Department of Motor Vehicles, Driver's License Division of the Idaho Transportation Department.
Appendix A: Regulated and Exempt Commodities- Exempt Commodities do not require DOT Medical Certification to transport within Idaho
From Idaho State Police Comercial Vehicle Safety
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Once more unto the bray
We are a little late to the party, but it is worth adding a few words now that our favourite amateur contrarian is at it again. As many already know, the Forum on Physics and Society (an un-peer-reviewed newsletter published by the otherwise quite sensible American Physical Society), rather surprisingly published a new paper by Monckton that tries again to show using rigorous arithmetic that IPCC is all wrong and that climate sensitivity is negligible. His latest sally, like his previous attempt, is full of the usual obfuscating sleight of hand, but to save people the time in working it out themselves, here are a few highlights.
As Deltoid quickly noticed the most egregious error is a completely arbitrary reduction (by 66%) of the radiative forcing due to CO2. He amusingly justifies this with reference to tropical troposphere temperatures – neglecting of course that temperatures change in response to forcing and are not the forcing itself. And of course, he ignores the evidence that the temperature changes are in fact rather uncertain, and may well be much more in accord with the models than he thinks.
But back to his main error: Forcing due to CO2 can be calculated very accurately using line-by-line radiative transfer codes (see Myhre et al 2001; Collins et al 2006). It is normally done for a few standard atmospheric profiles and those results weighted to produce a global mean estimate of 3.7 W/m2 – given the variations in atmospheric composition (clouds, water vapour etc.) uncertainties are about 10% (or 0.4 W/m2) (the spatial pattern can be seen here). There is no way that it is appropriate to arbitrarily divide it by three.
There is a good analogy to gas mileage. The gallon of gasoline is equivalent to the forcing, the miles you can go on a gallon is the response (i.e. temperature), and thus the miles per gallon is analogous to the climate sensitivity. Thinking that forcing should be changed because of your perception of the temperature change is equivalent to deciding after the fact that you only put in third of a gallon because you ran out of gas earlier than you expected. The appropriate response would be to think about the miles per gallon – but you'd need to be sure that you measured the miles travelled accurately (a very big issue for the tropical troposphere).
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Peter wrote:I don't know that "urge" implies forcefully cajoling. I would think "entice" or "invite" could be implied as well. My Oxford American Dictionary gives:
• try earnestly or persistently to persuade (someone) to do something
Yes, this first definition is what I think of as the primary meaning of "urge". But "having someone kill" needn't involve anything more than asking or dropping a hint to someone.
Dhammanando: Since people don't ordinarily purchase meat with the wish that by so doing more animals will be killed...
I wonder... Certainly not this specific wish, but what about the wish that meat continues to be made available. Does this amount to the same thing?
I don't think so, for the wish that meat should continue to be made available isn't normally what prompts people to pay a visit to the butchers'. But even if a person's visit to the butchers' was motivated by such a wish, I still don't think it would suffice to fulfil all five of the necessary factors. In Vinaya the factor of 'effort' in the act of having someone kill something requires that one gives an order, hint, or request that one wants one's hireling to carry out the killing. Even in the most far-fetched of meat-purchasing scenarios that I can dream up I can't conceive of one in which the mere act of buying the meat of an already dead animal would amount to such a request.
So then you would say only the example of buying meat from someone who kills the animal to order would constitute "urging"?
Best wishes,
Dhammanando Bhikkhu


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Link Ink: Insurance Agents Assemble, 'One Piece' Game Goes West and Bidet Venom
Commercials: Just in time for The Avengers movie, J.K. Simmons (a.k.a. J. Jonah Jameson) instructs a team of insurance agents in the art of... avenging?
Digital: Marvel has opened a new digital storefront that's synched with its comiXology powered Marvel app.


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How to Clean Your Washing Machine
Posted by Jennifer on August 19, 2014 at 15:36 pm
Dirty clothes go in and clean clothes come out; it's like magic! Only this magic is limited to how well you take care of your washing machine. Did you know you should clean your washing machine once a month? Dirt and grime that gets removed from your laundry during a washing cycle winds up trapped within the machine, and over time clothes may not come out as clean and fresh smelling as they once did. If you want to keep your washer running at its best and avoid buildup of mold, mildew, and scum that contribute to odor, you need to clean your machine. Here's how:
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Nike Zoom Stefan Janoski Mid Skate Shoe - Men'sView Larger Image
- Detail Images
The Nike Zoom Stefan Janoski Mid Skate Shoe must mean that Senor Stefan must also like to wear a mid while he pushes around on his trusty board. The Zoom Stefan Janoski Mid brings the same low-profile wrap and durable material as his namesake low kicks, just adds a little extra support around the ankles.
- Zoom technology is incredibly thin to bring your foot closer to the ground for stability; tightly stretched fibers pressurize upon impact to absorb shock
- Autoclave construction reduces bulk and reinforces the life of the shoe and outperforms traditional glues by fusing the upper to the sole
- Perforated vamp increases breathability to hot and bothered feet
- Stefan Janoski pro model
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Nike Zoom Stefan Janoski Mid Skate Shoe - Men's
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Josh Malczyk
Best Casual Shoe from the Swoosh
- Familiarity: I've put it through the wringer
- Fit: True to size
Great styling, so many option and best fit of a casual show I've ever had.
Matt Heffernan
2nd pair
- Familiarity: I've put it through the wringer
- Fit: True to size
After a full year in my first pair of janoskis, I needed another pair. The mids are my go to and break in so well. A little snug at first for my medium/wide foot but after a few days of use they fit so well due to their capability to stretch a bit. Definitely a shoe to check out.


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|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Feb 8, 2007
|Filing date
|Jul 24, 2006
|Priority date
|Dec 3, 2004
|Also published as
|Publication number
|W. Hillis, Roderick Hyde, Muriel Ishikawa, Edward Jung, Nathan Myhrvold, Clarence Tegreene, Lowell Wood
|Original Assignee
|Searete Llc, A Limited Liability Corporation Of The State Of Delaware
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Referenced by (4), Classifications (13), Legal Events (5)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
The present application is related to and claims the benefit of the earliest available effective filing date(s) from the following listed application(s) (the "Related Applications") (e.g., claims earliest available priority dates for other than provisional patent applications or claims benefits under 35 USC � 119(e) for provisional patent applications, for any and all parent, grandparent, great-grandparent, etc. applications of the Related Application(s)).
Related Applications
The United States Patent Office (USPTO) has published a notice to the effect that the USPTO's computer programs require that patent applicants reference both a serial number and indicate whether an application is a continuation or continuation-in-part.
Stephen G. Kunin, Benefit of Prior-Filed Application, USPTO Official Gazette Mar. 18, 2003, available at http://www.uspto.gov/web/offices/com/sol/og/2003/week11/patbene.htm. The present applicant entity has provided above a specific reference to the application(s) from which priority is being claimed as recited by statute. Applicant entity understands that the statute is unambiguous in its specific reference language and does not require either a serial number or any characterization, such as "continuation" or "continuation-in-part," for claiming priority to U.S. patent applications. Notwithstanding the foregoing, applicant entity understands that the USPTO's computer programs have certain data entry requirements, and hence applicant entity is designating the present application as a continuation-in-part of its parent applications as set forth above, but expressly points out that such designations are not to be construed in any way as any type of commentary and/or admission as to whether or not the present application contains any new matter in addition to the matter of its parent application(s).
All subject matter of the Related Applications and of any and all parent, grandparent, great-grandparent, etc. applications of the Related Applications is incorporated herein by reference to the extent such subject matter is not inconsistent herewith.
The present application relates, in general, to the field of optical systems for improving and enhancing vision.
The use of lenses for correcting vision problems produced by deficiencies in the optical system of the human eye has been known for many years.
In a normal, healthy eye, adjustment of lens 14 is sufficient to focus images on retina 16 within a wide range of distances between the visual target-object and the eye. Myopia (near-sightedness) and hypermetropia (far-sightedness) occur when images entering the eye are brought into focus in front or in back of the retina, respectively, rather than on the retina. This is typically caused by the eyeball being too long or too short relative to the focal-adjustment range of the lens. Eyeglasses with spherical focusing lenses of the appropriate optical refractive power can be used to compensate for myopia or hypermetropia. Another common and readily corrected visual problem is astigmatism, a focusing defect having orientation-dependence about the optical axis of the eye that may be corrected by interposition of a cylindrical lens having appropriate refractive power and axis angle of orientation. Other visual focus problems exist as well (e.g., coma and other higher order optical aberrations), but are less readily characterized and more difficult to correct in a practical manner. In general, focal problems caused by irregularities in the dimensions of the cornea, lens, or eyeball can be corrected providing the optical properties of the eye can be characterized and a suitable set of optical elements manufactured and then positioned relative to the eye.
Aging subjects may experience presbyopia, a decrease in the ability to focus on proximate visual targets caused by reduced flexibility of the eye lens. Difficulty in focusing on such proximate visual targets can be alleviated with the use of 'reading glasses'. Subjects who require correction for myopia as well as presbyopia may use "bi-focal" glasses having lens regions that provide correction for both "near" and "far" vision. The subject selects the type of correction by looking toward the visual target through the appropriate portion of the lens. Elaborations and extensions on such systems are now common, including "trifocal glasses" and "progressive glasses," the latter featuring a continuous gradation in optical properties across a portion of the eyeglass and thus of the visual field thereby regarded.
Adjustable optical systems are used in a wide variety of devices or instruments, including devices that enhance human vision beyond the physiological range, such as telescopes, binoculars, and microscopes, as well as a numerous devices for scientific and industrial applications independent of human vision, such as in test, measurement, control, and data transmission. Such devices typically make use of complex systems of multiple lenses and optical components that are moved with respect to each other to provide a desired level of focus and magnification. Adjustable lens systems that have been proposed for use in eyeglass-type vision enhancement include electroactive lenses, as described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,491,394 and 6,733,130 and various types of fluid lenses, as described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,466,706 and 6,542,309, as well as assorted multi lens systems (see e.g., U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,403,840 and 4,429,959).
Devices used to characterize certain parameters of the eye optics include phoropters and autorefractometry, as described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,500,180, 5,329,322 and 5,629,747. Wavefront analysis systems measure wavefront aberrations produced by the eye optics by delivering an optical signal to the eye that has a well-characterized wavelength and wavefront, and measuring the wavefront reflected from the retina.
Systems for imaging portions of the eye have been developed, such systems including fundus cameras, corneal topographers, retinal topographers, retinal imaging systems, and corneal imaging systems.
Aside from eyeglass—type devices, other systems which present modified visual inputs to the eye include "Virtual Reality" systems, and "heads up displays".
A method and system for providing adaptive vision modification uses adjustable lens systems. Automatic, real-time lens adjustment may be used to correct the subject's near and far vision during routine activities or to provide vision enhancement beyond the physiological ranges of focal length or magnification in support of specialized activities. Automatic lens adjustment may be based upon detection of the current state of the subject's eye optics. Features of various embodiments will be apparent from the following detailed description and associated drawings.
Features of the invention are set forth in the appended claims. The exemplary embodiments may best be understood by making reference to the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. In the figures, like referenced numerals identify like elements.
In the following detailed description, reference is made to the accompanying drawings, which form a part hereof. The detailed description and the drawings illustrate specific exemplary embodiments by which the invention may be practiced. These embodiments are described in sufficient detail to enable those skilled in the art to practice the invention. It is understood that other embodiments may be utilized, and other changes may be made, without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. The following detailed description is therefore not to be taken in a limiting sense, and the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims.
Throughout the specification and claims, the following terms take the meanings explicitly associated herein unless the context dictates otherwise. The meaning of "a", "an", and "the" include plural references. The meaning of "in" includes "in" and "on." A reference to the singular includes a reference to the plural unless otherwise stated or inconsistent with the disclosure herein. In particular, though reference is frequently made to "the eye", "the lens" or the "lens system", in most embodiments two lenses or lens systems will be used, one for each eye of the subject, and that, while the operation of the lenses or lens systems will typically be the same, they will typically be adjusted separately to meet the individual needs of the two eyes.
Processor 34 may include various combinations of analog or digital electronic circuitry, discrete components or integrated circuits, and/or hardware, software, or firmware under computer or microprocessor control, including optical analog devices. Processor 34 may include a variety of functional and/or structural components for supporting the function of image analyzer 54 and lens controller 58, such as memory, timing, and data transmission structures and devices. Output image signal 52 is processed by image analyzer 56 to determine the quality of the retinal image. An image quality signal 60 representing the quality of the retinal image is generated by image analyzer 56 and sent to lens controller 58. Lens controller 58 generates lens control signal 62, which is sent to adjustable lens system 26. Adjustable lens system 26. Lens controller 58 may also receive as input a lens state signal 68 from adjustable lens system 26, lens state signal 68 providing information regarding the state of adjustable lens system 26. Lens state information may be used in computations performed by one or both of image analyzer 56 and lens controller 58. Adjustable lens system 26, image detector 32, and processor 34 and its components, image analyzer 56 and lens controller 58, may all be powered by power supply 36. Alternatively, certain components may have separate power sources; the invention is not limited to any particular power supply configuration.
As shown in
As illustrated by the foregoing examples, the exemplary systems comprise a number of basic components, the structure and operation of which will now be described in greater detail. As illustrated in
Various types of adjustable lens systems may be used in practice, and the invention is not limited to any particular type of adjustable lens system. However, certain adjustable lens systems may be more suitable than others, with small size, low weight, rapid adjustment, and compatibility with other system components being considerations for some applications. Depending on the particular intended application, certain considerations may be of greater importance than others, and thus the best choice of lens system will vary from application to application. While in some cases a single lens may be used, the term "lens system", as used herein, refers to systems made up of one or more lenses and, optionally, additional optical elements or components including but not limited to reflectors, beam splitters, refractive elements, active and passive filters, and so forth.
Conventional eyeglass lenses and contact lenses are typically characterized by their spherical lens strength or optical power (typically expressed in positive or negative diopters, the reciprocal of their focal length measured in meters-distance), cylindrical lens strength, and cylindrical axis orientation. Lenses may modulate the spatial frequency content of an image formed thereby (e.g., by adjusting the focus of the image) and may also modulate the light intensity of the image as a function of wavelength, by spectrally-dispersive properties of their bulk composition or coatings applied to their surfaces, for example. Suitable adjustable lens systems may be characterized by these and additional focus or image-quality parameters. Lens systems may be used to provide image magnification outside the physiological range of human vision, and hence may be characterized by a magnification strength factor as well. An adjustable lens system used to provide vision correction may preferably permit the adjustment of each of these parameters, although in particular applications and for particular subjects, not all of these parameters may need to be adjusted. Independent adjustment of each of the various parameters may be desirable in some cases, but in many cases may not be required.
A number of designs for fluid-based adjustable lenses have been proposed which may be suitable for use. Fluid lenses utilize one or more fluids having appropriately selected indices of refraction. One approach is to enclose fluid within a deformable shell, and to increase fluid volume or pressure to deform the shell and thus change the optical strength of the lens, as disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,466,706, 5,182,585, 5,684,637, 6,069,742, 6,542,309 and 6,715,876, which are incorporated herein by reference. Another approach is to utilize two immiscible liquids of differing refractive properties contained within a chamber, and modify the shape of the fluid-fluid interface in order to change the optical strength of the lens. The surface tension properties of the interior of a chamber are modified, for example, through an applied voltage (and thus electric field and gradients thereof) to adjust the shape of the fluid-fluid interface. Such fluid lenses, as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,369,954, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety, may also be suitable for use in some embodiments.
Another suitable type of adjustable lens system may be an electro-active lens as described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,300,818, 6,491,394 and 6,733,130, also incorporated herein by reference. These lenses include one or more layers of liquid crystal or polymer gel having refractive power that may be modulated, e.g. electrically. An advantage of this type of lens is the refractive power can be adjusted selectively in different regions of the lens, making it possible to produce nearly any desired lens, including a lens that compensates for higher order optical aberrations, or a lens having regions with different focal strengths (comparable to a bi-focal or tri-focal lens), such that all or a portion of the lens can be adjusted. It is also possible to construct a lens system that can be rapidly switched from one focal length to another with the use of this technology.
In some embodiments, an adjustable lens system may be made up of multiple lenses or other optical elements. Lens system adjustment may include moving one optical element with respect to another or with respect to the subject. Such movements may include one or all of changing the distance, angle-of-orientation, or off-axis displacement between two or more optical elements. The adjustable lens system may include a lens mechanism and a lens actuator that is used for actuating the lens mechanism. Thus, the lens mechanism itself may not receive control signals directly from the lens controller. The lens mechanism and lens actuator may be formed integrally, or they may be separate elements depending on the design of the lens system.
As used herein, "lens system" refers to systems made up of one or more lenses and, optionally, additional optical elements or components including but not limited to reflectors, beam splitters, active and passive filters, and so forth. An "adjustable lens system" is a lens system in which one or more optical properties of the system can be adjusted. Adjustable lens systems may modify incident light in some specified matter. Adjustable lens systems may bend (refract) incident light rays; they may also filter the incident light to modify the spectral composition of the incident light or to change the light intensity at one or more selected spectral wavelengths or wavebands.
As used herein, the term "optical system" is defined generally to mean a system that is capable of modifying an incident image or pattern of light to produce a modified image or pattern of light. In a broad sense, an optical system may be any device or system that receives an input image and produces an output image that is a modified version of the input image. As such, optical systems may include lens systems. In addition, in certain embodiments the modified image is not formed entirely or even in significant part of incident light that has been transmitted through the optical system, but partly or mostly (including entirely) of light that has been generated by the optical system to form a new image. In some embodiments, the term 'optical system' may encompass systems including cameras and displays. Such an optical system may modulate the input image in ways not possible with lenses or lens systems that transmit incident light; e.g., the optical system may transform the incident image by shifting the spectral content or intensity of some or all wavelengths relative to the incident light corresponding to the image. Adjusting either lens systems or optical systems may include adjusting one or more focal lengths, adjusting one or more cylindrical corrections, adjusting one or more distances of an optical element relative to an eye of the subject or adjusting the orientation-angle of the optical element with respect to the optical axis of the eye or adjusting the off-axis displacement of one or more optical elements relative to the optical axis of the eye or adjusting the pan-or-tilt of one or more optical elements relative to the optical axis of the eye.
One or more image detectors or sensors may be used for detecting images reflected from the eye and, in some embodiments, input (incident) images impinging on the eye. A number of existing technologies may be suitable for performing image detection, and the practice is not limited to any particular type of image detector. Suitable detectors include those of the type used in retinoscopes, phoropters, autorefractors, and the like, and particularly those which are capable of providing rapid image update rates. The term "image detector", as used herein refers to devices or systems capable of detecting an image of the eye, and is intended to encompass detection systems that include one or more individual light detecting elements in combination with other optical system components, such as scanning mirrors, lenses, controllers, and data acquisition or storage elements. Examples of suitable detectors include CCD cameras or systems based on photodiodes or photomultipliers. See for example, the image detection systems described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,227,667 and 6,523,955, which are incorporated herein by reference. Image detectors may detect light signals from multiple positions in an imaged area of the eye simultaneous or sequentially. Sequential detection systems may employ either one or both of a detector and an illumination source that are scanned across the area to be imaged, as described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,227,667. While in some cases it is preferred that detection is performed without providing supplemental illumination to the eye of the subject, in certain embodiments, supplemental illumination of the eye may be provided by a light source 33 as depicted in
Image detectors can be positioned in or on the mount in which the corrective lens is mounted as depicted in
The image detector may be located at a distance from the image analyzer, and detected image signals transmitted to the image analyzer by a transmitter. In this case, the image analyzer can also function as a receiving location, and may include a receiver for receiving the image signal transmitted by the detector. The image detector may detect at least one component of a finite fraction of a time-varying image. A component may include, but is not limited to, a wavelength band component, a spatial frequency component, a spatial or areal component, or other detectable or determinable components of an image or portion of an image. The terms "finite fraction" or "portion", as used herein, refer to a part, portion, fraction, or percentage of something (in this case, an image), up to and including 100 percent or the entirety of the thing in question.
While discussion herein is focused on detecting images reflected from the retina of the eye (also known as "retinal reflex" images), i.e., "output image signal" the approaches herein are also considered to include systems in which images reflected from other structures within the eye are measured in order to determine the current optical properties of the eye, and particularly the lens, and control the quality of the image on the retina. For example, it would also be possible to measure an image reflected from the back surface of the eye lens, and to calculate the image at the retina based upon knowledge of the dimensions of the eye and the optical characteristics of the medium (the vitreous humor) filling the space between the lens and the retina. In certain embodiments, it may be advantageous to detect images reflected from several locations within the eye and utilize the differential image information to determine the optical properties of the eye. Thus, the input or reference image may not be an incident image detected from a location external to the eye, as described above, but may be an image detected from within the eye. For example, images reflected from the cornea or the front surface of the lens may be detected. The approaches herein are not limited to use of images detected from any specific location. If images are detected from more than one region of the eye, two or more separate image detectors may be used. Alternatively, one detector may be used to detect images from two or more locations in the eye, using reflectors or other optical elements to switch between the different locations.
As illustrated in
Tasks performed by the image analyzer may include a variety of manipulations of one or more image signals, including preprocessing steps such as detection of the relevant regions of the detected image, processing to increase the signal-to-noise ratio, and analysis of the image to determine values of selected image quality metrics. While the full range of image processing tasks may be performed by the image analyzer in some embodiments, in other embodiments, selected pre-processing steps may be performed by appropriately configured image detector(s).
Depending on the position and configuration of the image detector(s), the detected image may include portions (e.g., of the subject's eye and face) that are not of interest. Therefore, image preprocessing may include selecting for further analysis only those portions of the detected image that are of interest, e.g. the retina, or more particularly the fovea. Selection of areas of interest may be based on light intensity thresholding (to remove areas of the image outside the pupil of the eye), or feature detection. The position of the fovea in the image may be tracked in some embodiments. Landmarks that may be used to detect and track selected portions of the retina, and particularly the fovea, include the optic nerve and certain blood vessels. Such techniques are well known to those of skill in the art of retinal imaging.
Image manipulations to improve the signal to noise ratio or otherwise make the detected image easier or more convenient to work with may include a variety of conventional image processing techniques, such as filtering, noise reduction, adjusting offset and scaling, contrast enhancement, spatial "cropping", spectral (color) selectivity, selection of at least portion of a detected image for further analysis, or various mathematical transformations, such techniques being known to those with skill in the art.
After preliminary image processing steps have been completed, the processed image is analyzed to obtain one or more measures of image quality. The term "image quality" as used herein, means any of various parameters, also referred to as "image quality attributes" or "image quality metrics" or "image metrics" that may be used to characterize the image or a portion of the image, particularly with regard to meaningful or useful content. The term "quality" is not intended to imply "good quality" or "high quality" but rather quality in general, whether good, bad or mediocre.
Image sharpness, or fineness-of-focus (i.e. sharpness or 'crispness' of focus), is an important measure of image quality. Image focus may be broken down into a number of components thereof, such as spherical focus or cylindrical focus (with an associated axis of orientation). Choice of quality metric in certain embodiments may be matched to the attributes of the optical aberrations that can be corrected by the adjustable lens system or optical system. In some cases, detecting (and subsequently correcting) only one focal attribute may be performed. In other cases, multiple focus attributes may be detected and corrected.
Image sharpness or focus is not the only measure of image quality. Depending on the intended application of the system, other image attributes or quality metrics may be considered of greater interest or importance. These may include metrics such as for, example, image contrast or intensity.
Image quality may be assessed from the entire selected image (meaning the entire retina image or a selected region of the retina, for example, the fovea), or it may be assessed from selected features of the image, e.g. the optic nerve or a blood vessel. One method that may be used for assessing the image as a whole is to perform a frequency domain analysis of the image. The human visual system is particularly tuned to and responsive to edges and areas of high contrast. Frequency domain analysis of an image reveals that the amplitude of high spatial frequency components is relatively higher in such areas. An in-focus image will generally have a relatively higher frequency composition than an out-of-focus image, and therefore, spatial frequency content may also serve as an indicator of image focus. Therefore, the amplitude of selected high spatial frequency components could be used as a metric of image quality. The peak spatial frequency content may be of particular value. Frequency compositions may be determined, for example, by using a FFT (Fast Fourier Transform). The Fourier transform is only one example of a variety of well-known transformation methods that may be used for performing a frequency domain analysis of an image signal, and that may provide useful measures of image quality suitable for use in the practice of the methods and systems described herein.
As an alternative to (or in addition to) performing a frequency analysis of an image or portion of an image, image analysis may include a preliminary step of feature identification followed by a calculation of the degree of sharpness (or "focus") of that feature. For example, the feature may be an edge or a light-dark transition, and the sharpness may be quantified by the amplitude of the light-dark transition, for example. Various other detectable features and measures of feature sharpness are known in the art of image processing.
In embodiments of the inventive system in which only the output (reflected) image is detected, image quality is determined self referentially; since the visual input is not known, it is assumed that certain features of the visual input (e.g. lines, edges) have predictable characteristics. Deviations from the expected characteristics in the reflected image may indicate an out-of-focus retinal image, and the need for adjustment of the adjustable lens system to compensate for aberrations in the eye optics. In embodiments in which both input (incident) and output (reflected) images are detected, the difference between the input and output image provides further information regarding the characteristics of the eye optics and need for adjustable lens system adjustment. The reflected image can be compared to a reference image other than the input image. It is sufficient that the reflected image and reference image be detected at different locations in the visual train, such that the difference in the two images is caused by the eye lens (and/or other components of the eye optical system for which correction is sought). Determination of the difference between the reflected image and the reference image may be determined by calculating a difference signal and then computing one or more image quality attributes for the difference signal, or by determining one or more image quality attributes for each of the reflected and reference image, and comparing the image quality attributes for the two images.
In some cases, information derived from the output image alone, or the combination of the input (reference) and output image, will be sufficient to determine the necessary adjustment of the adjustable lens system. In other cases, analysis of the available images may not be sufficient to determine the optimal direction and magnitude of lens system adjustment. In such cases, an adaptive algorithm for lens system adjustment may be used, in which the lens system is adjusted and the quality of the retinal image before and after the lens system adjustment is compared. In this case, the reference image may be a previous instance of the time varying image detected from the retina or fovea. As discussed previously, comparison of current and previous (reference) images can be based on determination of image quality or focus attributes for the difference signal, or comparison of image quality or focus attributes for the two signals. The direction and magnitude of lens system adjustment steps may then be modified based upon the result of the previous adjustment. First and second time varying images can thus occur at different "locations" in at least one of space, time, or spectral position.
Processor 34 may utilize image analyzer 54 to process signal data from detector 32 to generate a transfer function for the current state of the optical system of eye 10, and then utilize lens controller 58 to modify the transfer function of adjustable lens system 26 by sending an appropriate control signal to adjustable lens system 26 such that the eye optical system and adjustable lens system together cause a desired representation of the external visual world to be formed on the retina. In most cases, but not all, a clear, in-focus, image on the retina is desired; however, in some cases adjustable lens system 26 may be controlled to modify the retinal image in some particular way relative to the external visual world. Such modification may include changes in magnification (beyond the normal change in modification produced by the optical system of eye 10), changes in spectral content, and changes in focal length.
The lens controller may control a variety or lens system or optical system parameters, including any or all of transmissivity of the lens system over one or more spectral wavebands, intensity of light generated by an optical system, effective aperture of one or more components of the adjustable lens or optical system, transverse position of at least one optical element relative to the optical axis of the eye, or one or more chromatic aberration correcting features of the adjustable lens system.
Timing is an important consideration in the operation of many embodiments. In order to provide ongoing adaptive visual modification, correction or enhancement, the system updates the setting of the adjustable lens system in real-time or near-real-time. Moreover, in order to provide true adaptive vision correction, the focus of the adjustable lens system is adjusted to compensate for the current state of the eye optics and for the current visual input, without a priori knowledge of the visual input. In some cases this may be accomplished by completing a full update cycle (i.e., the flow process loop depicted in
In some use-cases it may be desirable to update the setting of the adjustable lens system at a rate that is as fast, or faster, than the visual pigment reversal rate of photoreceptors of eye. In particular, in some embodiments, it may be desirable to update the lens setting at a rate faster than that of the photoreceptors having the fastest visual pigment reversal rate. In some embodiments, a controller is configured to provide closed loop control of the adjustable lens system on an ongoing basis. In some embodiments, the lens controller is configured to adjust the adjustable lens system at a rate faster than the intrinsic accommodation time of the lens of the eye. In other embodiments, the lens controller is configured to adjust the adjustable lens system at a rate faster than the visual pigment reversal rate of the photoreceptors of the eye.
It is thought that lens system adjustment update rates of at least about once every three seconds (1/3 Hz) may improve usefulness in general applications, and that update rates of about 1 Hz will be preferable for general applications. In higher-performance applications, update rates of about 3 Hz may be desirable. Update rates higher than 10 Hz may not provide additional benefit in some applications, due to the speed limitations inherent in other parts of the human visual system, though in some applications, this may not be the case. Thus, it is thought that update rates in the range of about ⅓ to about 10 Hz will be useful in practice, and that update rates in the range of about 1 to about 10 Hz will be more preferred, and that rates in the range of about 1 to about 3 Hz will be most preferred.
Timing of the update rate for lens system adjustment may be controlled in a number of ways. For example, each update cycle may be initialized by a signal from a timer chip or system clock; a software loop with an approximately fixed cycle time may also control the timing. The design of systems using these and other timing control methods are well known to those of skill in the art.
In some cases, in order to provide for rapid adjustment between one lens setting and at least one other lens setting, rather than utilizing a single adjustable lens system and modifying the setting of that lens system, two or more adjustable lenses, lens systems or optical systems may be used, and suitable optics used to switch between the two or more lenses, lens systems, or optical systems. In the exemplary case of two lens subsystems, one useful application of this embodiment is to adjust the first and second optical subsystems to provide correction for near and far vision, respectively. Thus, switching between the two optical subsystems, the subject would obtain correction similar to what is currently provided by bi-focal lenses, but in an automated fashion.
This approach is depicted schematically in
Another method for providing rapid switching between optical subsystems having different settings is to provide two or more optical subsystems having transmissivities controllable between substantially complete transmissivity and substantially zero transmissivity, such that the amount of light that is transmitted through each subsystem can be controlled. Parallel subsystems are maintained in the optical path between the eye and the visual target; by adjusting the controllable transmissivities of respective parallel subsystems appropriately, it is possible to switch rapidly between multiple subsystems. Parallel optical subsystems of this type may be constructed in the form of an electroactive lens in which individually controllable lens areas are interleaved, as illustrated in
Switching between first and second or more optical subsystems according to either of the above described methods could be controlled manually by the subject, by pushing a button or intentionally generating a readily detected control signal (a blink, etc.) or controlled automatically in response to vergence movement of eyes, change in distance to the visual target (detected, for example, by a rangefinder, which may be operable to provide an indication of a distance to a visual target so that the controller activates the switching mechanism responsive to the indication of distance to the visual target), or a sufficiently large change in focal quality of the detected image. According to either of the above embodiments, one or more of the optical subsystems may be adjusted to the current state of the visual input and the eye optics of the subject in order to compensate for gradual changes in focal quality, while switching between the subsystems may be used to compensate for more abrupt changes (for example, when the subject switches abruptly from a near vision task, such as reading the dashboard display of a car, to a distance vision task, such as looking at the road ahead).
Various components of the system, including the adjustable lens system, processor, and input and output image detectors may require some form of power supply. While the invention is not limited to any particular type of power supply, if the power supply is to be included in an eyeglass frame, contact lens, or intraocular lens device, it will typically be small and lightweight. For embodiments in which the adjustable lens system is mounted in an eyeglass frame, the device may be conveniently powered by a battery. Photovoltaic cells may also be used to provide power to the device. The power supply and possibly other components of the device as well may be located at a distance from the adjustable lens system, and power transmitted to the device, e.g. by inductive coupling or power-beaming. The power supply may include an inductive coil or antenna.
In some embodiments, the body of the subject may be used as a power source for powering the device. Various "energy scavenging" or "energy harvesting" devices are known, or may be developed (see e.g., U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,615,074, 6,655,035 and 6,768,246, and published U.S. Patent applications 20030014091 and 20030165648, all of which are incorporated herein by reference). For example, devices that capture energy from body movement of the subject (e.g., inertial devices as are used to power self-winding wristwatches) may be used to power the device. Pressure and chemical gradients within the body may also provide energy for powering operation of the device. For example, energy may be captured from the systolic-diastolic cycle or pulsatile blood flow of subject, through a micro-turbine or powered shunt placed in the respired airflow of the subject. Energy scavenging devices may scavenge energy from the environment, as well. Although reference has been made to a single power supply, the invention is not limited to use of a single power supply, and in some embodiments separate power supplies may be used for different part of the system, during different circumstances of operation, or both. Various components of the system may have different power sources, and the system as a whole may have one or multiple power sources of various types and is not limited to any specific power source configuration.
Adjustable lens system 26, output image detector 32, and input image detector 35 (if used) are positioned with respect to eye 10 of the subject 28 via mounting 30. Mounting 30 may take various forms, examples of which are illustrated in
The adjustable lens system may be implemented in the form of an eyeglass lens, a contact lens, or intraocular lens device. The adjustable lens system (or at least a portion thereof) may be formed in, on, or in spatial association with such lenses, including placement behind or in front of such lenses, in addition to being housed in or formed integrally with such lenses. It may also be implemented in other forms; as depicted in
In a further alternative embodiment, illustrated in
Some embodiments of the systems and devices described herein may also be configured as an intraocular lens device 206, as depicted in
Referring back to
With regard to the hardware and/or software used in image detection and analysis, as well as various aspects of device control, those having skill in the art will recognize that the state of the art has progressed to the point where there is little distinction left between hardware and software implementations of aspects of systems; the use of hardware or software is generally (but not always, in that in certain contexts the choice between hardware and software can become significant) a design choice representing cost vs. efficiency or implementation convenience tradeoffs. Those having skill in the art will appreciate that there are various vehicles by which processes and/or systems described herein can be effected (e.g., hardware, software, and/or firmware), and that the preferred vehicle will vary with the context in which the processes are deployed. For example, if an implementer determines that speed and accuracy are paramount, the implementer may opt for a hardware and/or firmware vehicle; alternatively, if flexibility is paramount, the implementer may opt for a solely software implementation; or, yet again alternatively, the implementer may opt for some combination of hardware, software, and/or firmware. Hence, there are several possible vehicles by which the processes described herein may be effected, none of which is inherently superior to the other in that any vehicle to be utilized is a choice dependent upon the context in which the vehicle will be deployed and the specific concerns (e.g., speed, flexibility, or predictability) of the implementer, any of which may vary. Those skilled in the art will recognize that optical aspects of implementations will require optically-oriented hardware, software, and or firmware.
The foregoing detailed description has set forth various embodiments of the devices and/or processes via the use of block diagrams, flowcharts, and/or examples. Insofar as such block diagrams, flowcharts, and/or examples contain one or more functions and/or operations, it will be implicitly understood by those with skill in the art that each function and/or operation within such block diagrams, flowcharts, or examples can be implemented, individually and/or collectively, by a wide range of hardware, software, firmware, or virtually any combination thereof. In one embodiment, several portions of the subject matter subject matter described herein may be implemented via Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs), digital signal processors (DSPs), or other integrated formats. However, those skilled in the art will recognize that some aspects of the embodiments disclosed herein, in whole or in part, can be equivalently implemented in standard integrated circuits, as one or more computer programs running on one or more computers (e.g., as one or more programs running on one or more computer systems), as one or more programs running on one or more processors (e.g., as one or more programs running on one or more microprocessors), as firmware, or as virtually any combination thereof, and that designing the circuitry and/or writing the code for the software and/or firmware would be well within the capabilities of one of skill in the art in light of this disclosure. In addition, those skilled in the art will appreciate that certain mechanisms of the subject matter described herein are capable of being distributed as a program product in a variety of forms, and that an illustrative embodiment of the subject matter described herein applies equally regardless of the particular type of signal bearing media used to actually carry out the distribution. Examples of a signal bearing media include, but are not limited to, the following: recordable type media such as floppy disks, hard disk drives, CD ROMs, digital tape, and computer memory; and transmission type media such as digital and analog communication links using TDM or IP based communication links (e.g., links carrying packetized data).
In a general sense, those skilled in the art will recognize that the various aspects described herein which can be implemented, individually and/or collectively, by a wide range of hardware, software, firmware, or any combination thereof can be viewed as being composed of various types of "electrical circuitry." Consequently, as used herein "electrical circuitry" includes, but is not limited to, electrical circuitry having at least one discrete electrical circuit, electrical circuitry having at least one integrated circuit, electrical circuitry having at least one application specific integrated circuit, electrical circuitry forming a general purpose computing device configured by a computer program (e.g., a general purpose computer configured by a computer program which at least partially carries out processes and/or devices described herein, or a microprocessor configured by a computer program which at least partially carries out processes and/or devices described herein), electrical circuitry forming a memory device (e.g., forms of random access memory), and/or electrical circuitry forming a communications device (e.g., a modem, communications switch, or optical-electrical equipment).
Those skilled in the art will recognize that it is common within the art to describe devices for image detection and analysis, optical system control, and/or processes in the fashion set forth herein, and thereafter use standard engineering practices to integrate such described devices and/or processes into vision enhancement systems as exemplified herein. That is, at least a portion of the devices and/or processes described herein can be integrated into a vision enhancement system via a reasonable amount of experimentation. Those having skill in the art will recognize that such systems generally include one or more of a memory such as volatile and non-volatile memory, processors such as microprocessors and digital signal processors, computational-supporting or—associated entities such as operating systems, user interfaces, drivers, sensors, actuators, applications programs, one or more interaction devices, such as data ports, control systems including feedback loops and control implementing actuators (e.g., devices for sensing position and/or velocity and/or acceleration or time-rate-of-change thereof, control motors for moving and/or adjusting components and/or quantities). A typical vision enhancement system may be implemented utilizing any suitable available components, such as those typically found in appropriate computing/communication systems, combined with standard engineering practices.
The foregoing-described aspects depict different components contained within, or connected with, different other components. It is to be understood that such depicted architectures are merely exemplary, and that in fact many other architectures can be implemented which achieve the same functionality. In a conceptual sense, any arrangement of components to achieve the same functionality is effectively "associated" such that the desired functionality is achieved. Hence, any two components herein combined to achieve a particular functionality can be seen as "associated with" each other such that the desired functionality is achieved, irrespective of architectures or intermediate components. Likewise, any two components so associated can also be viewed as being "operably connected", or "operably coupled", to each other to achieve the desired functionality.
While particular aspects of the present subject matter described herein have been shown and described, it will be obvious to those skilled in the art that, based upon the teachings herein, changes and modifications may be made without departing from this subject matter described herein and its broader aspects and, therefore, the appended claims are to encompass within their scope all such changes and modifications as are within the true spirit and scope of this subject matter described herein. Furthermore, it is to be understood that the invention is defined by the appended claims. It will be understood by those within the art that, in general, terms used herein, and especially in the appended claims (e.g., bodies of the appended claims) are generally intended as "open" terms (e.g., the term "including" should be interpreted as "including but not limited to," the term "having" should be interpreted as "having at least," the term "includes" should be interpreted as "includes but is not limited to," etc.). It will be further understood by those within the art that if a specific number of an introduced claim recitation is intended, such an intent will be explicitly recited in the claim, and in the absence of such recitation no such intent is present. For example, as an aid to understanding, the following appended claims may contain usage of the introductory phrases "at least one" and "one or more" to introduce claim recitations. However, the use of such phrases should NOT be construed to imply that the introduction of a claim recitation by the indefinite articles "a" or "an" limits any particular claim containing such introduced claim recitation to inventions containing only one such recitation, even when the same claim includes the introductory phrases "one or more" or "at least one" and indefinite articles such as "a" or "an" (e.g., "a" and/or "an" should typically be interpreted to mean "at least one" and/or "one or more"); the same holds true for the use of definite articles used to introduce claim recitations. In addition, even if a specific number of an introduced claim recitation is explicitly recited, those skilled in the art will recognize that such recitation should typically be interpreted to mean at least the recited number (e.g., the bare recitation of "two recitations," without other modifiers, typically means at least two recitations, or two or more recitations). Furthermore, in those instances where a convention analogous to "at least one of A, B, and C, etc." is used, in general such a construction is intended in the sense of one having skill in the art would understand the convention (e.g., "a system having at least one of A, B, and C" would include but not be limited to systems that have A alone, B alone, C alone, A and B together, A and C together, B and C together, and/or A, B, and C together). In those instances where a convention analogous to "at least one of A, B, or C, etc." is used, in general such a construction is intended in the sense of one having skill in the art would understand the convention (e.g., "a system having at least one of A, B, or C" would include but not be limited to systems that have A alone, B alone, C alone, A and B together, A and C together, B and C together, and/or A, B, and C together).
Although the methods, devices, systems and approaches herein have been described with reference to certain preferred embodiments, other embodiments are possible. As illustrated by the foregoing examples, various choices of adjustable lens system configuration and image detector configuration may be within the scope of the invention. As has been discussed, the choice of system configuration may depend on the intended application of the system, the environment in which the system is used, cost, personal preference or other factors. Image analysis and lens control processes may be modified to take into account choices of lens system and image detector configuration, and such modifications, as known to those of skill in the arts of image analysis, control system design, and other relevant arts, may fall within the scope of the invention. Therefore, the full spirit or scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and is not be limited to the specific embodiments described herein.
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Dec 18, 2008
|Sep 28, 2010
|Johnson & Johnson Vision Care, Inc.
|Cosmetic contact lenses having a sparkle effect
|Apr 2, 2008
|Mar 13, 2012
|Esight Corp.
|Apparatus and method for augmenting sight
|Feb 24, 2011
|Esight Corp.
|Apparatus and Method for a Dynamic "Region of Interest" in a Display System
|May 29, 2011
|Apr 10, 2013
|Wenyu Jiang
|Systems, methods and apparatus for making and using eyeglasses with adaptive lens driven by gaze distance and low power gaze tracking
|U.S. Classification
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Oct 2, 2006
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text:
Test ID: UOSMU
Osmolality, Urine
Useful For Suggests clinical disorders or settings where the test may be helpful
Assessing the concentrating and diluting ability of the kidney
Clinical Information Discusses physiology, pathophysiology, and general clinical aspects, as they relate to a laboratory test
Osmolality is an index of the solute concentration. Urine osmolality is a measure of the concentration of osmotically active particles, principally sodium, chloride, potassium, and urea; glucose can contribute significantly to the osmolality when present in substantial amounts in urine. Urinary osmolality corresponds to urine specific gravity in nondisease states.
The ability of the kidney to maintain both tonicity and water balance of the extracellular fluid can be evaluated by measuring the osmolality of the urine either routinely or under artificial conditions. More information concerning the state of renal water handling or abnormalities of urine dilution or concentration can be obtained if urinary osmolality is compared to serum osmolality and if urine electrolyte studies are performed. Normally, the ratio of urine osmolality to serum osmolality is 1.0 to 3.0, reflecting a wide range of urine osmolality.
Reference Values Describes reference intervals and additional information for interpretation of test results. May include intervals based on age and sex when appropriate. Intervals are Mayo-derived, unless otherwise designated. If an interpretive report is provided, the reference value field will state this.
0-11 months: 50-750 mOsm/kg
> or =12 months: 150-1,150 mOsm/kg
Interpretation Provides information to assist in interpretation of the test results
With normal fluid intake and normal diet, a patient will produce a urine of about 500 to 850 mosmol/kg water. Above age of 20 years there is an age dependent decline in the upper reference range of approximately 5 mOsm/kg/year.
The normal kidney can concentrate a urine to 800 to 1,400 mosmol/kg and with excess fluid intake, a minimal osmolality of 40 to 80 mosmol/kg can be obtained.
With dehydration, the urine osmolality should be 3 to 4 times the plasma osmolality.
Cautions Discusses conditions that may cause diagnostic confusion, including improper specimen collection and handling, inappropriate test selection, and interfering substances
No significant cautionary statements
Clinical Reference Provides recommendations for further in-depth reading of a clinical nature
Newman D, Price C: Renal function and nitrogen metabolites. In Tietz Textbook of Clinical Chemistry. Fourth edition. Edited by CA Burtis, ER Ashwood. Philadelphia, PA, WB Saunders Company, 2006