text:
- Blake Ekelund
- Excelsior, MN
- United States
This conversation is closed.
Sahara desert as a solar farm.
Instead of looking at the Sahara desert as a vast unusable wasteland, look at it as good as gold!
Think... If 0.3% of this desert were covered in solar panels, we would have enough energy to power Europe!
Now take that scale to 1%. We could power the U.S and Europe without the use of Nuclear, Coal, and other non renewable "harmful" substances.
Oct 23 2012: hi Blake
This is great Idea!
Europeans have all the rights to use African natural resources. because they haven't had enough since Industrial Revolution.
Here is an IDEA for you
STOP buying and filling your homes with High Tech gadgets so you won't need more electricity!
TEXAS is large enough to provide Solar energy to US and Canada, what's wrong with using that part of land?
Oct 23 2012: Good reality check! Here in Australia we hear no end of complaints about rising electricity costs from people watching their 50inch plasma screen with the aircon set to 20°C when its 35 outside.Oct 24 2012: "Europeans have all the rights to use African natural resources. because they haven't had enough since Industrial Revolution.
Here is an IDEA for you
STOP buying and filling your homes with High Tech gadgets so you won't need more electricity!
TEXAS is large enough to provide Solar energy to US and Canada, what's wrong with using that part of land?"
There might be problems getting the energy from Texas to Europe, wouldn't you think? The Sahara can accomodate much more solar power than the Arabs could ever use, meanwhile they lack fertile farmland which Europe has plenty of, hmmm, I wonder if somewhere there's a fair solution to be found there...
Oct 24 2012: To be fair getting the energy from africa to Europe is just as unfeasible.
Oct 24 2012: There is already a power line between Norway and Germany that's so long a similar power line could span from the Tunisian Sahara to the Italian mainland. There's also one in China whose length would bridge the distance between the Algerian Sahara and Belgium. And now they're building one in Brazil that's 500km longer than that Chinese line.
It's also possible to have a "pass-it-forward" scheme where Spain generates energy for Portugal and France and Spain gets energy from Algeria, with the Spanish paying the Algerians and the Portugese and French paying the Spanish.
Additionaly there are options for wireless transmission or using hydrogen as an energy carrier.Oct 24 2012: Peter,
the way the Europeans found to bring Latin American gold, they also can find a way to bring each piece of Sahara's sand (one by one). and as long as it is profitable they also can make the Africans count the sand pieces for them.Oct 24 2012: John,
I didn't ask to use Texas's land to produce energy for Europe. (where have you read that I asked such a thing?) All I have said (and I will keep saying) is this: STAY OUT OF AFRICA, it is not European land. and it DOES NOT belong to Europeans.
How comes that Europeans need more energy than Arabs? How comes that Europeans can go and build Solar Energy Parks on someone else land and use it for themselves? Who gave them that right?
If we think we have the right to do so, what stops us from doing that for African people?
WHY NOT for Africans? Instead of pumping the energy to North, why not to South?
(oh, maybe in Mali, Niger, Senegal, Chad, Sierra Leone etc people will have energy (can watch TV, use internet, build schools) and will become smarter. Oh no, that is not what we want, isn't that true? we want it for us.)
European Greed is legal, isn't it? We are known (with all right) being Masters at someone else's house.
Oct 24 2012: "I didn't ask to use Texas's land to produce energy for Europe."
I know, however you did rant about Europe and then suddenly switched to Texas, I joked about that because it seems you like to rant without coming up with alternatives.
"STAY OUT OF AFRICA, it is not European land. and it DOES NOT belong to Europeans."
Who said that? Why do you assume Europe won't pay Africa for the energy? Did you forget the fact that the Arabs get paid fortunes for oil by Europe? It strikes me as very odd that you did not understand I was hinting at Europe exporting food (and other goods whose manufacturing process requires lots of water) to the Sahran countries in exchanging for importing energy from those countries, this in addition to Europe paying for the construction of the solar parks and the surrounding infrastructure.
"How comes that Europeans need more energy than Arabs?"
Because the population of Europe is greater than that of the Saharan countries.
"Instead of pumping the energy to North, why not to South?"
Why "instead of", why not both? Did you not read the sentence that said Europe needs only 0.3% of the surface area? There would be plenty of room left for energy generation for the sub-Saharan countries, but they will have to pay for that themselves just as Europe would.Oct 24 2012: John,
:-) Where are you from, sir?
How much did Europe pay for African gold, diamond and for the blood they shed for gold and diamond?
We brought / bring uncountable amount of wealth from Africa and when we give them some pennies we shout as hard as we can.
Please, don't make me laugh.
Thank youOct 24 2012: Its possible to do it yes, but the power loss due to distance even with HVDC means you have to build twice as much PV to compensate so a technology that has trouble competing on price at the best of times becomes unfeasible. If you are transmitting power over long distance why not build nuclear far away from any population and use HVDC to transmit the power from that?Oct 25 2012: The PS10 and PS20 Solar Plants in Seville, Spain has been operating successfully for several years:
Energy storage duration via pressurized steam is approx one hour, but an energy storage medium such as molten salt would improve this substantially, allowing energy release in darkness.
Because of energy losses, such Solar plants would be best suited at or near point of use. So the remoteness of the Sahara would render the technology inefficient.
What might be more beneficial would be to use desert-generated solar power for desalinating large amounts of seawater for new crops, livestock and human consumption. As farms develop, so too will human settlement - thus bringing point of use to the point of generation, intead of trying to transport the energy over thousands of miles.
Roy Bourque
Oct 25 2012: Several of the problems have already been noted; a politically unstable region, sandblasting, transmissions difficulties.
- +1
Solar panels are not cheap. My brother works for a company that produces melting furnaces that create pure silicon ingots used in solar panel manufacturing. He has noted several problems; it takes about a week to produce an ingot. It isn't the melting that is an issue, it is the cooling process. Ingots must cool slowly so that they don't create internal stress cracks that would render them useless. Second, there is the cutting. Pure silicon is about as hard as granite. Third, there is the brittleness. Pure silicon wafers are extremely brittle. Until these problems can be dealt with, the cost isn't going to change much.
As far as a power generation plant goes, they all need a cooling source. That is why they are all built near water sources. A heat engine needs a heat sink for condensing in order to work.
The work environment is also an issue; 130 degree heat in the daytime is a hard environment to work in. The labor contracts and the turnover in workforce are all going to have to be dealt with along with the engineering difficulties of working in a hostile environment. Eventually we may find the answers that make it possible.Oct 23 2012: For those that can receive ARTE, a German/French broadcast channel they can see a documentary on the subject. "Electricity from the desert."
Tuesday, Novembre 11 at H 10:35.
Direct online: http://www.tv-replay.fr/redirection/23-10-12/l-energie-du-sahara-arte-10423929.html
Mats K
Oct 28 2012: I would argue that a combination of solar, wind, wave, tidal, piezoelectric and geothermal energy sources, localized to generate maximum output, would render all non renewable energy sources obsolete.
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A MIT report shows that we have 4000 years of untapped clean and renewable geothermal energy that can easily meet the energy needs of tomorrow. http://geothermal.inel.gov/publications/future_of_geothermal_energy.pdfOct 27 2012: I have generator that runs on it's own power. It can go in to houses, cars, airplanes, etc. It will work so good it could fly around the world with out stoping. I have started to make the first one to go in to houses. If I hade the funding I could get it up and running faster. Please help me save the planet. If you would like to know more please ask.
Steve C
Oct 26 2012: I see one of your "topics" is "life". There is life in the desert. I think that rather than paving the planet, we could look into doing with less, doing more with less, sharing; or maybe doing without.
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No, the world doesn't need nuclear energy, or the digging-up, transporting, preparing, & eventual burial or escape of those fuels.
Anywho, what about transmission of energy in a laser-carrying tube; as we do with water & oil?Oct 25 2012: Point of consumption power generation has got to be a better solution. Imagine if every dwelling and every business was required as part of a building code to produce enough energy for all inhabitants. Dwelling owners could then receive credits or cash every month from businesses and other dwellings that had peak needs for power.Oct 25 2012: I think before that happens we need to increase the efficience of solar panels way ..way above the 36% mark
Oct 25 2012: Ahm, just to keep working on efficiancy levels we are already used to and neglecting the renewable aspect completely?
31% coal-fired power plants (world average)
33% nuclear power plant (world average)
In this case, lower efficiency is just a matter of additional space, which, in desert regions, does no seem a major problem to me...
Oct 25 2012: I agree but if we can increase the efficiency before we take on such I big project, wouldn't we be in my opinion a waste of resources to implement now, which isn't that what we are trying to prevent . So why not wait till we get above the 50% mark so that way were just not replacing the materials in 5 years instead in 5 years we could be at or above the 50% mark
Oct 25 2012: Because time is ticking against us! A project of this scale will not be realised within a few years and there is no need to have all of this panels coming out of just one generation. On the contrary, as technology improves, so would the panels used in such a power-plant and they could be easily integrated as they hit the market.
Considering a 'waste of resources' in this comparison does not hold up, as the given energy production is a waste of resources already.
Silicon is no scarce resource on this planet and it would not be effected using some of it to get our energy renewable and finally green.Oct 25 2012: Unless you are talking about the mayan prophecy or dooms day. I think we are on pretty good trajectory. The worlds energy crisis exist but even if we don't get of oil in the next 50 to 100 years I think as a society we will still survive specially if we keep adding newer and better forms of alternative energy
Oct 25 2012: Tracectory leading us were? To me it is no matter of survival, as a species we will, yet if we do not initiate the right change, the right transitions, now, the system we know it will collapse to the expense, health and lifes of the young generations, living today.
Just as a simple fact: Our whole world food supply is based on fossile fuel, beginning at seeding, fertilization, harvesting, transportation, storage, cooling and preparation. And even the fertilizer itself is based on fossile fuel, exclusively in large scale production.
Just to transform this system within a timeframe of 75 years - and personally I don't think we have that much time (oil) left - we need to start NOW, to hopefully get it done just in time, not even counting the rise in worlds population today and in the near future.
Honestly I do not see any trajectory but lip-service anywere!
Why? Well, that is easy, because there is no quick profit to gain here, no boost in shareholder value and no short turn return in investment for the given system!
Nuclear and coal-fired power plants are no alternative, so what is substantially there, in the scale of change we need, for its replacement? I don't see a single approach, nowhere, serious and powerful enough to really make this change happen.
There is no need for the ending of the mayan calendar nor an apocalyptic world-end scenario of a religion to start, better keep blowing the whistle...Oct 25 2012: I agree with Lejan, I hardly think we have a timescale of 50 years worth of oil. Even if the price keeps going up and making petrol based product more and more "valuable", the need for petrol grows much faster. Societies all over the planet are growing and their needs for petrol are growing too.
I think we should realize that alternative sources are not an alternative anymore. If we hope to ever grow as a species, we need to invest in Solar, Wind and Hydro energy. (Some forms of hydroelectricity requires flooding large ecosystem and may be harmful to the local environment, but it's still has the best ratio for production/pollution, to my knowledge.)
I hope someone will look at the Sahara as an energy sources, I really do. There's a lot of potential for "solar scientist" (I don't know if that's how they call themselves, but it does sound cool, so I'm guessing they don't mind) Maybe an internationally funded research team could be implanted there, with the objective of perfecting and optimizing solar energy with every technology available on the planet.
Now, I'm not sure about the feasibility of covering 1% of the Sahara RIGHT NOW. Solar energy is just beginning, I think before wasting valuable materials on low quality solar panels, we should really focus on optimizing them... thus the research facility.
Am I the only one thinking someone from some space program should already be there with solar panels, testing some stuff for future missions or something?
By the way, I greatly salute the question and it's author. This world really needs new ideas, and harvesting the sun from the Sahara is a good one I think. I believe the technology that is currently killing our home is going to be it's savior... if we can just change gear and get to work.Oct 25 2012: Yeah and I am bias because here in america where putting up new wind turbines it seems almost every day, local schools and government building with led light and solar. So really I can only talk about the USA. However recently I say that some over seas country installed the largest land based wind turbine to date. To test for deployment out in the ocean. But once again I can only see it from the US perspective.
however you are right but oil will be used and produced for quite some time in the future
Oct 25 2012: Wind turbines, led lights and solar is good to install, no doubt, but it does not match the scale we need to change in the near future and it does not have the momentum, the acceleration needed to tackle the challenge.
Statistically you (USA) consume twice as much energy per year than I do (Europe) and both of us consume way to much as it was good for our planet.
As I lived in the US for a while I didn't experienced any change in living standard, so the difference in consumption must be caused somewhere else.
In my view, one cause is hidden within the suburbanisation in the US. You have a lot of land and you used it. Resulting - in terms of energy efficiency - in a wide spread distribution of homes and the need to use a car to go (drive) 'shopping'.
I used to live in Newark, Delaware, nothing more than a large University campus surrounded and interwoven by a small town, happen to carry that name. But even though it was small for US standard, before I had my own car, it was very difficult to me to get my shopping done. Little to no sidewalks along the streets, a view small grocery stores downtown, yet the supermarket way off the town center and almost only accessible by car.
Changing those structures towards a more compact and 'walkable' infrastructure will become mandatory in the near future unless we find a source of renewable energy for our transportation. So far, again, even there is nothing in sight for a complete substitution, and a view Teslar's won't have any impact on that change to come...
Oil will be used for quite some time in the future, but because of the increase in price - and this is the law of the market, no doomsday fantasy - less and less people will be able to afford it. And this will happen to our food too! At first it may doesn't even bother anyone if fancy fruits from oversees get more expensive one day, and turn even luxury some days later, but bread, potatoes and before all meat will follow, and at this point change may be to late ..Oct 25 2012: If you are interested, this short BBC documentary made me think as I do now:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_3sxMByA1R0&feature=relatedOct 25 2012: yeah I will check it outOct 25 2012: Something like that is in progress as a North-African project: see www.desertec.orgOct 24 2012: When will people realize money is not a factor for anything to be produced on this planet? Well, it is a factor as long as people are greedy and only caring about themselves; which is why I think we are going to have to force this upon certain folks. It is for the betterment of mankind so suck it up and deal with it. Isn't adaptation one of the key benefits of survival? If you can't adapt to these new methods of energy harnessing, then you should get off the planet now.
Oct 25 2012: Who has to suck it up and deal with it! It isn't the investors, it's the poor bloke that has to work in 130 degree heat scrounging for benefits that are meet for the task. The investors sit in their air conditioned offices looking at the bottom line.Oct 24 2012: It is a good idea; but such projects should be subjected to thorough environmental impact assessment so that we are not too excited about the benefits and ignore the disadvantages.
Oct 25 2012: I understand your point in general. But what environmental impact would there be on a desert? Now shade provided
Oct 25 2012: I'll leave that to scientists. But when projects of this kind is planned, it is safe not to act on assumptions.
Kyle H
Oct 24 2012: But this would also be affected by sand damage. In zones with grassland I would see this as being more viable.Oct 24 2012: You still don't understand. It's not the technology, but the people. Not one government in the would would allow it's electrical supply be controlled by other countries, especially in the Mideast. At least with oil it's spread with coal all over the world. Both are harmful, but cant be stopped by a revolution or a dis grunted person with a shovel and a ax...optic control cable.Oct 24 2012: Its a Commonsense Idea. But only part of the overall power generation issue. We do need to distribute energy, but costs of distribution are also mainly dependent on cost of power. We need commonsense, practical solutions. Imagine:
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1) Lots of solar power 'locally'
2) Geothermal where possible (now many parts of the world using new deep drilling techniques)
3) Nuclear (Thorium powered) in places where solar and geothermal can't be done effectively
4) As a stop gap use gas powered stations (phased out say 30 years)
5) Excess energy means cheaper (clean) transport for distribution
6) We can expect automation to provide much more cost effective re-building of installations in say 50 years time
7) CLEAN SUSTAINABLE future energy - forever!
Ensure that the world builds more facilities than we need (perhaps led by some body like the United Nations coupled to the World Bank?) - the excess is turned into hydrogen (or derivatives such as ammonia) which can easily be used for transport (cars, lorries, ships). Institute a world energy policy that provides for all countries as to their needs at know/fixed cost so everyone can plan ahead on transport policies etc., (as we would have excess this shouldn't be impossible). The total energy costs would (after spending many trillions $ in development and installations) come down to the point where everyone can do much more in all parts of the world sustainably.
So while we have many people sitting on their bums in many parts of the world not being productive - why don't we put them to work investing in the LONG TERM? Of course this means overturning economic, political, cultural barriers - so instead of doing that, we shall probably spend about 10 times more Trillions $ (over the next say 50 years) in wars, terrorism prevention, bailing out all sort of countries and societies from meltdown, or indeed disappearing down the pan. That's the choice folks.
See Energy & Transport:
Oct 24 2012: Interesting link. It's unusual to find a website that has "common sense" in its title and actually contains common sense aswell.
Kyle H
Oct 24 2012: on top of the transmission issues, what would the life cycle be on cells in the sahara? I would think that a sand storm would damage the cells rather quickly along with the extreme temperatures.
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Oct 24 2012: No cells are used.
Mirrors that reflect sunlight to heat oil, up to 400 degrees Celsius what is used again to generate power with steam. In Marocco it is operational as a try out and produces enough for half a million houses.
Oct 24 2012: And the effect of a sand storm on mirrors?
Oct 25 2012: It is built upon a rather stony surface and the mirrors are cleaned with water as necessary.
You can see it on the link on ARTE TV I've put here somewhere.Oct 24 2012: Good luck with HVDC. Any 16 year old hacker could bring it down and I'm sure as hell not paying the huge cost of building it.
Oct 24 2012: yeah, you know, because hackers often bring down the electric grid. you know, because it is electric, and hackers ... also do ... electric things.Oct 24 2012: Great idea, but how would you transmit that power? Buy the time the power arrived at a major power grid it would be about enough to light a xmas tree light !
Oct 24 2012: look up hvdc. it is a natural extension to existing power grids, and quite a few are already in operation. some lines are proposed from africa to europe. construction cost is huge, and we need a lot of these if we plan to import a significant portion of the EU consumption. but maybe in 50 years we will see something like this.Oct 23 2012: Ayn Rand must be rolling-over in her grave right now. Read her novel ATLAS SHRUGGED to get her perspective on how the government ALWAYS manages to "participate" in technology, particularly energy tecnology. Long live Fair Share!
BTW, what about distribution of Saharan electricity to population centers? Maybe we could use all the subsidized Chevy Volts to pull trailer loads of fully-charged storage capacitors across the trans-Atlantic bridge? Sorry for the levity. Frustration did it.Oct 23 2012: I think this is a genius idea. I wish I would have thought of it. Installation of these solar plants could be the peace treaty. Everyone gets cheaper, preferably free, energy and everyone wins.Oct 23 2012: I think this is a very good idea. The question is, who would have control over it? There's always going to be war over something that somebody doesn't have. There will never be absolute world peace. If there is an energy source this big and valuable, there's going to be more than one person that wants it. Although this is a very good alternative energy source, I think this could be a big mistake as well. This would also cost a lot of money to achieve. There are many factors, but this is a plausible idea.Oct 23 2012: For years, the germans have full plans layed out on the shelve to put this in practice.
One concern though how can you implement them in a region which isn't stable, where you can't make long term deals.
We first need peace.Oct 23 2012: One little point you have not covered here. The impact on weather around the globe.
Heat & sand, blowing off west coast of Africa, cause massive depression areas that can & do develop into hurricanes that cause $ in damage to anyone in their path. Many hard core studies would have to be made on this issue alone.
Like they say: When ya mess with Mother Nature, she'll up & grab your butt in the end.
Gail .
Oct 23 2012: The problem is the infrastructure that allows that power to be moved about. What we need is better battery technology, though that is improving a lot. It would be good if batteries were environmentally friendly.
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Oct 23 2012: It's possible to make hydrogene that can be shipped around the world.
Gail .
Oct 23 2012: You're so right. Thank you.Oct 23 2012: Yes, hydrogen that can be shipped or pumped through pipelines, or the energy can be beamed to far away places through microwave bundels reflected off specially designed satellites.
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In any case there's plenty of room in Spain for solar power as well, maybe we should start there.
Joshua Quinn
Oct 23 2012: There should be a mandate to have solar panels put on every roof of every man-made object, that would require the use of solar energy.Oct 23 2012: a lot of things are possible, but none of them are viable. we don't need possible methods. we have a lot of possible methods around. we need viable methods. hydrogen is not one of them. hvdc is, but the initial cost is way too high.
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Oct 23 2012: Do you know why or have I take your word for it?
Here an example that's already used in Italy.
http://www.mcphy.com/en/markets/hydrogen-energy/Oct 24 2012: Hydrogen is useless as an energy source because it takes energy to separate it from oxygen, but it is an excellent energy carrier.Oct 23 2012: no it is not already used, according to your own link. it is an emergent technology for special uses. btw i would advise a little critical thinking, and for example look for efficiency data. not finding? no surprise.
wikipedia tells you: "The AC-to-AC efficiency of hydrogen storage has been shown to be in order of 40%, rendering hydrogen storage unsuitable for anything but special (mobile) applications."
and this 40% does not contain shipping.Oct 23 2012: Hi Blake. You might be interested in reading about the use of desert environment for desalination of water. I wrote on this theme in 1980 !!! http://www.nariphaltan.org/desalination.pdf
Cheers.Oct 23 2012: if you are willing to put down some thousand dollars upfront in order to have this system in place in 10 years, and then pay 30% more for electricity, this might be a good solution for you. but you also need to convince all europeans to go with you.Oct 23 2012: BTW further to earlier post someone has said it is possible to manufacture a liquid fuel from water and the atmosphere and adding lead. O2 plus Co2 plus H2O gives 5 oxygen atoms plus hydrogen then add lead. Not a chemist so don't know if truly possible, might be a chemical recipe for 'moonshine' or rocket fuel. Sorry said not a chemist only have words to use. If oil and gas can be pumped into ships and moved around the world for 'profit' must be possible to find some kind of battery. P.S. Human beings not batteries of any kind, already seen the Hollywood movie on that one. Suppose you could consider these conversations as little nuggets of energy.Oct 23 2012: What about some kind of 'battery' for the immediate storage of generated electricity. It is imperative that we find some alternative means of power generation in the temperate latitudes besides fossil fuels. In the U.K. the media are advising we are likely to start experiencing power cuts from 2015. The older power generating plant are starting to be closed down as they do not meet EU rules. Sufficient nuclear generating plants were never built. We have a substantial number of wind-farms but the turbine cases catch fire if the 'sails' turn too quickly. Not getting sufficient sunlight in the last two years. Two very wet summers rotting the food in the ground and even the trees struggling to produce fruit this year. Our most important global resource is fresh drinkable water. Perhaps the deserts might be places to set up desalination plants as well as energy generating ones. As oceanic volume increases with the melting of the polar and mountain ice caps and glaciers the potential for flooding increases. On many continents people live nearer the coast than inland because cities tend to grow around trading ports. Flooding isn't always catastrophic, sometimes it is insidious. ground water tables become contaminated with salts and sewage. We are something like 80 percent water and only survive a few days without it. I still like the idea of the solar panels, maybe we could copy trees and have lots of small ones on a network of branches. The panels could then be angled like leaves to follow the sun. Would possibly need to coat the panels in something to reduce glare, what about some kind of green pigment incorporated in a gel inside the solar panels. No I don't have the technology but bet someone has. Sometimes in times of potential emergency, scientists need to co-operate. Shame it is wars that seem to enable this. We could use up all that excess algal bloom at sea, commerce loves a marketable commodity. Chlorophyll, anthrocyanin natures batteries.Oct 23 2012: That must be done sooner or later, we must only find a solution to the issue of sand building on the panels, the humidity of the night may help the sand to stick on the panels. And of course the transmission of electricity through long distances via cables. Anyway i vote for that ideaOct 23 2012: The only thing that makes it impractical is that you can only transmit electricity about 1000km along power lines before the resistive losses make it pointless. It's one of the great difficulties with many renewables that the energy is available in places where there is no-one to use it. This is especially true of wind and solar. Places where it never rains or constantly blows a gale just aren't fun to live in.
Oct 23 2012: How about the wireless electricity transmisson? It's not strong enough to transfer most of the electricity that we produce with the whole solar panel system but we have the technology so it would be easier to modify it to transfer much more electricity.
Oct 23 2012: Considering the jury is still out on whether incidental radiation from normal HT lines causes health issues and its only a tiny fraction of the total energy transmitted, transmitting all the energy as radiation is probably not going to happen any time soon.
chen xin
Oct 23 2012: well
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how can we collect the heat and turn into other forms.


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Sebastian Vettel has "enormous respect" for Mark Webber even in the midst of reports that the team-mates barely speak to each other...
Sebastian Vettel has "enormous respect" for Mark Webber even in the midst of reports that the team-mates barely speak to each other.
Earlier this year, Vettel and Webber together ensured that Red Bull won their fourth successive Constructors' title while Vettel himself claimed the Drivers' crown.
It was the German's fourth consecutive title and came courtesy of his tenth race win of this season.
However, it was his first that created the most headlines as he controversially snatched the victory from Webber in Malaysia when he disobeyed team orders to hold stations.
That was arguably the end of any remaining good will between the two however that doesn't mean Vettel doesn't respect the soon-to-be-retired Aussie as a driver.
"I think we always shared respect, especially on the track," the 26-year-old revealed.
"Obviously when we've been fighting each other I don't think it's been lacking respect, each one of us respected the other guy inside the car and his abilities.
"As team-mates for the last five years we've got to know each other very, very well - meaning that I know his strengths and maybe the corners where I have a little bit of an advantage, and visa-versa.
"It has always been very, very close, maybe closer than what people remember. So I appreciated that and therefore I have enormous respect.
"You've got to be honest as well; we didn't have the best relationship on a personal level if you look back, but in the end of the day we were very, very successful for the team as well winning four Constructors' in a row. So we've made sure together that we've scored enough points for the team."

subset: commoncrawl


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PKN Orlen's petrochemical activities swing to a quarterly profit
1:00 PM MST | January 25, 2013 | Francinia Protti-Alvarez
PKN Orlen's (Plock, Poland) petrochemical operations swung back into positive earnings territory during the fourth quarter of 2012, with the company's consolidated results showing a 293-million zloty ($93.4 million) operating profit, recovering from the Zl 1.28-billion operating loss reported during the fourth quarter of 2011, according to the company's recently released results. The company's Unipetrol (Prague) subsidiary experienced production limitations that affected its olefin and polyolefin supply. Total quarterly petrochemical revenues rose by...
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OK, I'll admit that the headline above is an exaggeration. I don't really think this blog post is downright miraculous. But if it caught your attention, it has served its purpose.
�The Ultimate Guide to Sex After 50� by Joan Price. Cleis Press, 2015. 396 pages. $22.95.
Relishing no longer being in the "villain" role, Seahawks cornerback Richard Sherman is painting his team's Super Bowl opponent as occupying that position.
Parks and Recreationhas already welcomed back plenty of familiar faces for the comedy's...
A Japanese diplomat emerged from talks in Jordan on Monday with no signs of progress in securing the release of a freelance journalist held hostage by the extremist Islamic State group.
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I have thoroughly enjoyed my week behind the wheel evaluating the 2015 Audi Q5 TDI luxury crossover.
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|Baseball » News » Schedule » Roster » Coaches » Statistics
Buccaneer Baseball earns game three victory over Elon
Sunday, March 28, 2004ELON, N.C. (Mar. 28, 2004)-- East Tennessee State scored seven runs in the first five innings and got a strong outing by senior lefty Tim Turner (Marietta, Ga.) en route to a 7-5 Southern Conference baseball victory from Latham Park in Elon, N.C. Sunday afternoon. With the loss, the Phoenix (13-15, 8-4 SoCon) took two of the three games over ETSU (13-16, 4-8) in the weekend set. East Tennessee State touched up Elon starter Matt McSwain for five runs, four earned, in 3.0 innings of work. Sophomore center fielder Matt Traylor (Knoxville, Tenn.) led off the game with a single for ETSU. After a fly out, junior catcher Caleb Moore (Knoxville, Tenn.) singled up the middle to put runners on the corners. Senior shortstop Andy Howdeshell (Maryville, Tenn.) then blasted a homer to left, scoring the first three runs of the game. The Bucs added a solo run in the second when sophomore second baseman Josiah Glafenhein (Knoxville, Tenn.) scored on a sacrifice fly from Shane Byrne. The Phoenix cut into the lead in the bottom of the second when Grant Rembert homered to left to lead off the inning. It was not enough to start an Elon rally, however, as Turner promptly retired the next three hitters. ETSU pushed its margin to 6-1 with two runs in the fourth when Moore singled home Glafenhein and Traylor. The lead grew to 7-1 in the fifth after a Glafenhein sac fly plated sophomore designated hitter Steven Calicutt (Spartanburg, S.C.). Elon trimmed the lead to 7-2 in the sixth with an Evan Erickson sac fly to score Rembert. Paul Bennett led off the bottom of the seventh with a triple to begin a Phoenix rally. After a pop out, Evan Tartaglia was hit by a pitch and stole second. A walk to Drew Davis loaded the bases for the Phoenix. An infield fly brought Tyler Stevens to the plate. The Bucs should have recorded the final out of the inning on Stevens' ground ball to short, but an errant throw allowed two runs to score and put runners on the corners. Erickson then doubled into the left field corner to plate Davis, cutting the lead to 7-5. ETSU senior lefty Josh Kite (Greeneville, Tenn.) then came in to shut the door on any more Phoenix runs in the seventh, fanning the first hitter he faced. Elon tried to get another two-out rally going in the bottom of the ninth when Stevens' infield single with two down put runners on first and second. Moore, who moved to the mound at the start of the inning, then quashed the Phoenix attempts with a strike out to end the game. Turner (4-4) picked up the victory for ETSU going 6.0 innings and allowing three runs (two earned) on five hits and four free passes. Moore picked up his fourth save of the year after pitching the ninth. McSwain (1-3) was saddled with the loss. Brian Hensen pitched the final 6.0 innings for the Phoenix, allowing two runs on eight hits. Six Buc players tallied two-hit performances led by Howdeshell's 2-for-5, one run, three RBI day. Moore went 2-for-4 with a run and two RBI for ETSU. The Bucs finished the day with 13 hits. Elon's offense was led by Rembert, Stevens and Erickson who each had two hits. Rembert scored two runs and drove in another, while Erickson recorded two RBI. The Phoenix had seven hits on the afternoon. East Tennessee State returns to the diamond for a non-conference game against UNC Asheville Wednesday afternoon. First pitch between the Bucs and Bulldogs is set for 2 p.m. from Greenwood Field in Asheville, N.C.
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Which great advances and ideas have already set the future of business in motion? More importantly-are you ready for them?
The Age of You will open up completely new creative possibilities for consumers, designers, and brand owners alike. Interbrand's creative leadership discusses how design will help clarify, connect, and drive higher levels of engagement in this new era.
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Practice Philosophy
Green Hills Plastic Surgery is dedicated to great patient care with the goal of great results. We are motivated to teach each patient, give them their best options and help them choose the procedure or technique that will best achieve their desired results, without undue pressure.
Plastic Surgery
We offer a patient friendly, quiet, professional environment designed to allow you to comfortably understand how your desired outcome can best be obtained. Our Certified Plastic Surgical Nurse, Luann, has 9 years of experience in the office setting. Dr. Davis will spend as much time as needed to answer any questions. Dr. Davis will listen to your concerns and wishes, and will offer you the best options to make the process stress free.
Dr. Davis feels that to achieve the best results safely, surgery should take place where qualified anesthesiologists and ancillary personnel are available. In most cases he prefers to perform surgery in hospital and outpatient facilities. If necessary, an overnight stay in the hospital is available.
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Interpretive Handbook
9121 :
Coagulation Factor II Activity Assay, Plasma
Clinical Information Discusses physiology, pathophysiology, and general clinical aspects, as they relate to a laboratory test
Factor II (prothrombin) is a vitamin K-dependent serine protease synthesized in liver. It participates in the final common pathway of coagulation, as the substrate for the prothrombinase enzyme complex. Prothrombin is the precursor of thrombin (IIa) which converts fibrinogen to fibrin. Plasma biological half-life is about 3 days.
Deficiency of factor II may cause prolonged prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time. Deficiency may result in a bleeding diathesis.
Useful For Suggests clinical disorders or settings where the test may be helpful
Diagnosing a congenital deficiency (rare) of coagulation factor II
Evaluating acquired deficiencies associated with liver disease or vitamin K deficiency, oral anticoagulant therapy, and antibody-induced deficiencies (eg, in association with lupus-like anticoagulant)
Determining warfarin treatment stabilization in patients with nonspecific inhibitors (ie, lupus anticoagulant)
Determining degree of anticoagulation with warfarin to correlate with level of protein S
Investigation of prolonged prothrombin time or activated partial thromboplastin time
Interpretation Provides information to assist in interpretation of the test results
Liver disease, vitamin K deficiency, or warfarin anticoagulation can cause decreased factor II activity.
Homozygotes generally have levels of <25%
Heterozygotes generally have levels of <50%
Normal newborn infants may have levels of 25% to 50%
Cautions Discusses conditions that may cause diagnostic confusion, including improper specimen collection and handling, inappropriate test selection, and interfering substances
Factor II is 1 of the last vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors to decrease after starting warfarin therapy and 1 of the last to return to normal when anticoagulation is discontinued. It may take 10 to 14 days for a return to baseline levels.
Reference Values Describes reference intervals and additional information for interpretation of test results. May include intervals based on age and sex when appropriate. Intervals are Mayo-derived, unless otherwise designated. If an interpretive report is provided, the reference value field will state this.
Adults: 75-145%
Normal, full-term newborn infants or healthy premature infants may have decreased levels (> or =25%) which may remain below adult levels for > or =180 days postnatal.*
*See Pediatric Hemostasis References in Coagulation Studies in Special Instructions.
Clinical References Provides recommendations for further in-depth reading of a clinical nature
1. Lancellotti S, De Cristofaro R: Congenital prothrombin deficiency. Semin Thromb Hemost 2009 Jun;35(4):367-381
2. Peyvandi F, Bolton-Maggs PH, Batorova A, De Moerloose P: Rare bleeding disorders. Haemophilia 2012 Jul;18 Suppl 4:148-153
3. Girolami A, Scandellari R, Scapin M, Vettore S: Congenital bleeding disorders of the vitamin K-dependent clotting factors. Vitam Horm 2008;78:281-374
4. Brenner B, Kuperman AA, Watzka M, Oldenburg J: Vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors deficiency. Semin Thromb Hemost 2009 Jun;35(4):439-446


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Cardiff University is committed to promoting equality and diversity in all of its practices and activities, including those relating to student recruitment, selection and admission. The University aims to establish an inclusive culture which welcomes and ensures equality of opportunity for applicants of all ages, ethnicities, disabilities, family structures, genders, nationalities, sexual orientations, races, religious or other beliefs, and socio-economic backgrounds. This commitment forms part of the Equality and Diversity Policy.
The School of Healthcare Sciences demonstrates this commitment by:
Applications from candidates with specific needs or disabilities are welcomed. All such applicants are encouraged to contact the School of Healthcare Sciences Disability and Specific Needs Tutors (Sue Annetts: email@example.com) at an early stage in the application process so that disability related needs can be discussed and adjustments to the process made wherever these are reasonable. Documents, including the School's prospectus, can be supplied in large print, on audio-tape or on disk, and can be printed on different coloured paper. The Disability and Specific Needs Tutor, working with the University's Disability Advisers, is able to give information about course delivery and access to the physical environment relevant to potential applicants with specific needs. Informal visits can be arranged during which applicants are able to view accommodation and meet academic and student support staff.
Applicants to whom offers are made may be invited to an Open Afternoon. All such applicants are invited to notify the School of any disability-related or special needs that they, or an accompanying visitor, may have so that reasonable adjustments may be put in place. In addition, where a student has disclosed a disability on his or her UCAS form and has been made an offer, the University's Disability and Dyslexia Service will contact the student to identify support needs and any adjustments which might reasonably be made to minimise any disadvantage arising from the student's disability. All students have an opportunity to visit the University to meet with a disability adviser and specific needs tutor to discuss the requirements of the course and what arrangements might reasonably be made to minimise any academic disadvantage arising from the student's disability.
These measures ensure that the School of Healthcare Sciences and the University is able to provide an admissions process that is accessible to all students, and, thereafter, an accessible curriculum for applicants with disabilities or specific needs to whom offers are made.
Further information about the University's provision for disabled students is available from its Disability and Dyslexia Service.
Cardiff University is able to provide support to students with specific learning difficulties. Applicants invited for interview, will be asked to provide documentary evidence, normally in the form of an educational psychologists report. This report should describe the applicant's situation and include specific recommendations for support. The report should include a one page summary, including a diagnosis and detailed recommendations as to support considered necessary.
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text: Division of Finance and Administration Welcome to the Finance and Administration Division. Our goal is to provide excellence in leadership and fiscal services in support of the Le Moyne College primary mission and the Strategic Master Plan. The Vice President for Finance and Administration, Roger W. Stackpoole, CPA, is committed to supporting students, faculty and staff, and all constituents of the College by providing high quality operational and administrative services. Roger received his B.S. in Accounting from Le Moyne College in 1986. His professional background includes more than 20 years of technical, managerial, and leadership experience gained at organizations in both higher education and public accounting. He serves on the Board of Directors for both the Eastern and National Associations of College and University Business Officers. He is a driving force behind sustainability initiatives and strategic planning at Le Moyne College, applying expertise honed at Rochester Institute of Technology, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, St. Lawrence University, and Colgate University. Stackpoole is also charged with oversight of Athletics and Information Technology at Le Moyne. He supervises land use on the campus, as well as campus facilities master planning and major construction projects. Recent projects at Le Moyne include residence hall renewal, new parking and pedestrian walkways, new athletic turf field construction, retail plaza development, and construction of a new science complex. Areas of responsibility within the division are: Strategic financial planning Budget development and control Investment management Stewardship of the College's assets Strong ethical standards in accounting principles Human Resource and Payroll administration Facilities management and master planning Campus technology infrastructure Risk management administration. Recent Construction Projects Green Initiatives Administrative Council Departments included in the Finance and Administration Division are: Financial Services Accounts Payable Athletics Bursar Facilities Management & Planning Human Resources Information Technology Payroll Purchasing


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You never know where you'll go or what you'll come across on a Triumph Adventure bike.
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Discover the power of innovation first-hand with live demonstrations of CELOS® and 10 advanced machines in a new DMG MORI design.
During this 4-day event, we will showcase the newest technology, machinery, and customization solutions as well as the official launch of ECOLINE products in the USA.
Discover the power of innovation first-hand with live demonstrations of CELOS® and 6 advanced machines in a new DMG MORI design.
The Porsche Team claimed a one-two result in front of a great crowd at the fourth round of the FIA World Endurance Championship (WEC) at the Nürburgring.
Committed to the USA: Our Special 5-axis Packages for the DMU 65 & 85 monoBLOCK® provide top performance at the best price. We have over 30 years of experience in 5-axis machining.
With 4 world premieres and many other technological innovations DMG MORI introduces to you the highlights in the first six months of 2015. Experience all trend setting developments and highlights from DMG MORI in 6 topic sections.
In July 2012, DMG MORI opened a 200,000-square-foot factory on a 14.5-acre site in Davis, California. This state-of-the-art, $50-million manufacturing facility now produces high-quality machines to help meet rising market demands in North America and keep costs down for domestic customers.
CELOS from DMG MORI – from the idea to the finished product. CELOS APPs allow the user consistent management, documentation and visualisation of order, process and machine data. CELOS combines workshop and higher level company structures and thereby creates the basis for a consistently digitalised, paperless production. CELOS is compatible with pps- and erp-systems and can be linked to CAD / CAM applications. CELOS is open for future-oriented CELOS APP extensions.
Even before the U.S. manufacturing facility, DMG MORI had established a strong presence in the Davis area. The company's Digital Technology Laboratory (DTL) is a sprawling R&D center where a team of more than 60 design, engineering and software experts work in concert with customers and peripheral equipment companies to develop groundbreaking machining technologies and software.
Following Porsche 919 Hybrid's maiden win at the 2014 season's final race in Brazil more podium finishes are the aim for the future of the Porsche 919 Hybrid in the 2015 FIA World Endurance Championship (WEC). The Porsche team started the season 2015 with the presentation of the new Porsche 919 hybrid.
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New Life Fellowship
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We call ourselves New Life Fellowship for a reason. New Life because we want new life for ourselves, our families, friends and neighbors. We use the word Fellowship because we believe that faith is lived out in community.
We are a Christian church that seeks to understand biblical Christianity as revealed in the Bible. We say biblical Christianity because Christianity has taken on many forms down through the centuries. Our goal is to explore our Christian faith in light of Scripture and not let it be a result of tradition or man made dogma.
This type of exploration can be difficult. It takes patience, understanding of other perspectives, and grace. We see faith as a journey. Our perspective is unapologetically Christian; however, we welcome anyone who has questions regarding the faith or are also exploring how to live out their faith in these trying times


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Fragrances for Men & WomenThe art of smelling good should never be difficult when there is an array of great fragrances & scents to choose from in the market! Each & every fragrance is manufactured to deliver the best, enticing smell unique & specific to your sense preferences.
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For more than 14 years, Garden of Life's mission has been Empowering Extraordinary Health®. The human body craves the nutrition found in food, and Garden of Life's goal is to feed that need with cleanest, highest quality whole-food ingredients possible. No synthetic nutrients, artificial flavors, sweeteners or chemical preservatives are ever added to their products.
Key Benefits
Garden of Life's commitment to health goes beyond offering some of the most effective nutritional products in the world. Of equal importance is their quest to preserve the integrity of the planet through eco-friendly initiatives and by supporting relevant philanthropic organizations throughout the world in desperate need of help.
Since their inception, Garden of Life has been committed to protecting the environment and seeking out best practices to achieve that goal. From office operations to manufacturing and distribution processes, Garden of Life takes pride in protecting the planet by participating and adhering—without compromise—to the standards of the following organizations:
An estimated 190 million children under age 5 suffer from vitamin A deficiency, a major underlying cause of child mortality. Vitamin Angels is dedicated to eliminating under-five child mortality in at-risk populations by providing children with the necessary vitamin A. Garden of Life has been a major force behind Vitamin Angels' quest since 2009.
Garden of Life also partners with SOS Children's Villages International, raising funds to build housing in Peru for at-risk children who can no longer be raised with their biological families. Additional well-deserving organizations Garden of Life supports include: The Organic Center, WomenHeart and the National Parkinson Foundation.
Garden of Life's values are simple, and they are thankful for their family's genuine and caring commitment to humanity, dignity and to the endless pursuit of a cleaner, healthier planet.
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Pharmaca Integrative Pharmacy is your source for natural health products. Browse our online selection of products from all of the best natural brands, or visit one of our pharmacy locations and talk with one of our licensed practitioners. From natural beauty products and cosmetics to vitamins, herbs and supplements, we offer high-quality natural wellness products for the whole family! Start exploring—shop by brand or by condition to find the perfect natural health products for your body, skin, home and more.
The products and claims made about specific products on this site have not been evaluated by Pharmaca.com or the United States Food and Drug Administration and are not approved to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent disease. The information on this site is for educational purposes only and is not intended as a substitute for advice from your physician or other health care professional or any information contained on or in any product label or packaging. You should not use the information on this site for diagnosis or treatment of any health problem or for prescription of any medication or other treatment. You should consult with a healthcare professional before starting any diet, exercise or supplementation program, before taking any medication, or if you have or suspect you might have a health problem. Pharmaca Integrative Pharmacy will not assume liability for any cross-contamination of ingredients, misprints, or adverse reactions to any ingredients in the products we carry. The products sold here may contain lead and other substances that are known to the state of California to cause cancer and birth defects and other reproductive harm. Prices and promotions are subject to change without notice. All content on this web site is copyrighted by Pharmaca Integrative Pharmacy unless otherwise stated. All online offers and prices are valid for online purchases only, and may be different from those in our retail stores. Free shipping offer may not apply to all orders and all states; see shipping policy for full details. Copyright © 2009 – 2015 by Pharmaca Integrative Pharmacy. All rights reserved.


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16% of Americans use Twitter. 15% use Pinterest.
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Tuesday, March 05, 2013
JOHNSON CITY, Tenn. (March 5, 2013) – Due to inclement weather in the Tri-Cities region, Tuesday's ETSU baseball game with Appalachian State has been postponed.
The Bucs and Mountaineers have rescheduled the game for Wednesday, April 24 at 7 p.m., at Thomas Stadium.
ETSU returns to action this weekend when the Blue and Gold host Rhode Island Sunday afternoon at 2:05 p.m., from Thomas Stadium.
ETSU fans wanting to receive Buccaneer news, score updates, in-game promotions and much more sent to their mobile device can do so by signing up for "Buc Updates." Click here to sign up today!
For more information on Buccaneer baseball, visit ETSUBucs.com and click on the baseball link.
|Copyright ©2015 East Tennessee State Athletics. All Rights Reserved.


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David Fahey
Research Physicist
Senior Scientist for Climate
Mailing address:
NOAA ESRL Chemical Sciences Division
325 Broadway, R/CSD
Boulder, CO 80305 USA
Phone: (303) 497-5277
Email: email@example.com
Dr. Fahey is a research physicist in NOAA's Earth System Research Laboratory in Boulder, Colorado, USA. He joined the Laboratory in 1979 after receiving advanced degrees in physics from the University of Wisconsin and the University of Missouri. His principal research interest is the measurements of trace gases and aerosols in the troposphere and lower stratosphere using instruments on board research aircraft. His interpretative studies have addressed stratospheric ozone depletion, the photochemistry of nitrogen oxides, the formation of nitric acid containing aerosols, and the role of black carbon aerosol in climate.
Dr. Fahey has served as a Principal Investigator and Project Scientist for a number of airborne sampling missions with NASA's research manned and unmanned aircraft and as a participant in several international scientific assessments of ozone depletion and climate. He is an author of the 2007 climate science assessment of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. He has received the U. S. Department of Commerce Silver and Bronze Medals for Meritorious Federal Service, the American Meteorological Society Henry G. Houghton Award, and is a Fellow of the American Geophysical Union and a Fellow of the Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences at the University of Colorado-Boulder. In March 2013, Dr. Fahey was selected as a Senior Technical (ST) scientist in NOAA, a position recognizing his many scientific accomplishments, his leadership in research and assessment activities, and his superb skills in communicating science to the atmospheric science community, stakeholders, decision-makers, and the public.
PhD - University of Missouri-Rolla
BA - University of Wisconsin-Madison
Current Topics
- Airborne measurements of black carbon aerosol in the troposphere and lower stratosphere using the NOAA Single Particle Soot Photometer (SP2).
- Water vapor measurements in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere.
- Design and construction of the next generation ozone photometer for airborne measurements.
- Use of NASA's Global Hawk Unmanned Aircraft System (UAS) for earth science research.
- Scientific analysis and assessment of issues related the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer.
- Scientific analysis and assessment of the impact of aviation on future climate change.
last modified: October 08, 2014


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Swimming & Diving
Duke Swimming & Diving BIO
Eneka Lamb
Honors: ACC Academic Honor Roll (2011, 2014)
2013-14: Recorded three personal-best times at the Cavalier Invitational to close the season … Went 57.38 in the 100 backstroke final for a best time … Competed on Duke's 400 and 800 freestyle relays at the Nike Cup Invitational.
2012-13: Closed the year with best times in the 100, 200 and 500 freestyle at the ACC Championships ... Advanced to the finals of the 500 freestyle, 100 backstroke and 200 backstroke at the Tennessee Invitational.
2011-12: Wrapped up the season in top form, turning in personal-best swims in the 100 freestyle (52.77), 200 freestyle (1:54.03) and the 500 freestyle (5:12.32) at the ACC Championships ... Posted a third-place finish in the 500 freestyle against eventual ACC champion Virginia.
2010-11: Finished fifth in the 200 freestyle against South Carolina and Queens with a season-best time of 1:57.18 … Notched two season-bests against North Carolina, including a time of 58.74 in the 100 backstroke and a mark of 2:06.77 in the 200 backstroke … Wrapped up her freshman campaign with a ninth-place finish in the 50 freestyle at the College Cup (24.96).
Prior to Duke: APAC Champion ... Recipient of the Spirit Cup ... Recipient of the Diana Daymond Trophy ... Competed in the 2008 Hong Kong Olymic trials ... All-academic honor roll.
Personal: Born Eneka Marie Lamb on March 4, 1993 in Hong Kong, China ... Daughter of David and Mary Lamb ... Has one sister, Alicia, and one brother, John ... Mother, Mary, swam at Michigan State ... Hobbies include kayaking, running, rock climbing, cycling and rugby ... Majoring in Program II: Global Perspectives of Maternal and Child Health.
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Spring 2014 is influenced by Danish industrial designer Arne Jacobsen and mid-century modern furniture with curvilinear shapes and quirky geometry. Line drawn embroidered silk, block patterned fil coupe and polymorphic printed cotton reflect the architectural lines while balancing an elegant sense of proportion and gracious sensibility. Light reflected blue, vivid pink and luminous citrine are accented by crisp white to tie together the numerous layers of color and texture.
Collection photography courtesy of Dan Lecca.


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Nb: infants must be under the age of 2 and
children must be under the age of 12 at the time of
Perfectly located near the Nasserein Gondola linking the whole Arlberg ski circuit, Chalet Tirolerhaus is a real treasure. Built as an extension to the existing 300 year old traditional Austrian house, the chalet has been carefully looked after by owners, Steffie and Peter, ever since. Pop next door for a tipple in the local's favourite bar, 'Tom Dooley's'. Alternatively, the resort centre is a 10-minute walk away. Here you'll find plenty of bars and clubs to keep you occupied, most of which are open until the small hours.
Chalet Tirolerhaus - sleeps 28-32 (room numbers in brackets):
lower ground floor: WC, sauna, shower and relaxation area, plus the ski and boot room
ground floor: Comfortable lounge and separate dining area
first floor: Twin room with en suite bath, WC and balcony (11). Austrian twin room with en suite shower, WC and balcony (12). Large Austrian twin room, plus double sofa bed, ensuite shower, WC and balcony (14). Large twin with en suite bath, WC and balcony (15). Large Austrian twin, plus single sofa bed, en suite shower and WC (16). Two rooms with Austrian twins, en suite shower and WC (17 & 18).
second floor: Twin with en suite bath and WC (21). Austrian twin with en suite shower, WC and balcony (22 & 27). Large Austrian twin, plus a double sofa bed with en suite shower, WC and balcony (24). Twin with en suite bath and WC (25). Austrian twin with en suite shower and WC (28). Triple with en suite shower and WC (26).
Iglu acts as a travel agent for disclosed principals/tour operators, further details
of which will be made available at the time of booking. Your holiday contract will
be bound by the tour operators terms and conditions.
Prices are shown for a basic room or unit, can be subject to change and are indicative
until time of booking. Please call on 020 8544 7114 for prices for other travel
and room options for this property.
Prices shown are per person per week based on maximum occupancy. Descriptions and
quality ratings are provided by the Tour Operator (or one of the Tour Operators
where similar holidays are offered by more than one supplier). We reserve the right
to make minor adjustments to the description or rating based on staff and customer
feedback. For payments by credit card, a 2.5% credit card charge (4% for AMEX) will
be added to your invoice. If you pay by a UK issued debit card, there is no charge.
All bookings are subject to a £5 per person Passenger Admin Fee charged by Iglu.com.


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Interpretive Handbook
8557 :
Aldosterone, Serum
Clinical Information Discusses physiology, pathophysiology, and general clinical aspects, as they relate to a laboratory test
Aldosterone stimulates sodium transport across cell membranes, particularly in the distal renal tubule where sodium is exchanged for hydrogen and potassium. Secondarily, aldosterone is important in the maintenance of blood pressure and blood volume.
Aldosterone is the major mineralocorticoid and is produced by the adrenal cortex.
The renin-angiotensin system is the primary regulator of the synthesis and secretion of aldosterone. Likewise, increased concentrations of potassium in the plasma may directly stimulate adrenal production of the hormone. Under physiologic conditions, pituitary adrenocorticotropic hormone is not a major factor in regulating aldosterone secretion.
See Steroid Pathways in Special Instructions.
Useful For Suggests clinical disorders or settings where the test may be helpful
Investigation of primary aldosteronism (eg, adrenal adenoma/carcinoma and adrenal cortical hyperplasia) and secondary aldosteronism (renovascular disease, salt depletion, potassium loading, cardiac failure with ascites, pregnancy, Bartter syndrome)
Interpretation Provides information to assist in interpretation of the test results
A high ratio of serum aldosterone (SA) in ng/dL to plasma renin activity (PRA) in ng/mL per hour, is a positive screening test result, a finding that warrants further testing. A SA/PRA ratio > or =20 is only interpretable with a SA > or =15 ng/dL and indicates probable primary aldosteronism.
Renal disease, such as unilateral renal artery stenosis, results in elevated renin and aldosterone levels. Renal venous catheterization may be helpful. A positive test is a renal venous renin ratio (affected/normal) >1.5.
See Renin-Aldosterone Studies and Steroid Pathways in Special Instructions.
Note: Advice on stimulation or suppression tests is available from Mayo Clinic's Division of Endocrinology and may be obtained by calling Mayo Medical Laboratories.
Cautions Discusses conditions that may cause diagnostic confusion, including improper specimen collection and handling, inappropriate test selection, and interfering substances
The plasma renin activity (PRA) cannot be interpreted if the patient is being treated with spironolactone (Aldactone). Spironolactone should be discontinued for 4 to 6 weeks before testing.
Late p.m. levels can be up to 30% lower than early a.m. levels. Supine values are on average 50% lower than upright collections. Sodium deplete subjects have significantly elevated serum aldosterone (SA) levels, potentially exceeding the upper limit of the salt replete upright reference range by several fold. To account for these variables, at least in part, it is recommended that PRA is measured concomitantly. In situations of physiological variability, PRA should be altered in the same direction as aldosterone. See Renin-Aldosterone Studies in Special Instructions.
Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors have the potential to falsely elevate PRA. Therefore, in a patient treated with an ACE inhibitor, the findings of a detectable PRA level or a low SA/PRA ratio do not exclude the diagnosis of primary aldosteronism. In addition, a strong predictor for primary aldosteronism is a PRA level undetectably low in a patient taking an ACE inhibitor.
Reference Values Describes reference intervals and additional information for interpretation of test results. May include intervals based on age and sex when appropriate. Intervals are Mayo-derived, unless otherwise designated. If an interpretive report is provided, the reference value field will state this.
0-30 days: 17-154 ng/dL*
31 days-11 months: 6.5-86 ng/dL*
1-10 years:
< or =40 ng/dL (supine)*
< or =124 ng/dL (upright)*
> or =11 years: < or =21 ng/dL (a.m. peripheral vein specimen)
*Loeuille GA, Racadot A, Vasseur P, Vandewalle B: Blood and urinary aldosterone levels in normal neonates, infants and children. Pediatrie 1981;36:335-344
Clinical References Provides recommendations for further in-depth reading of a clinical nature
1. Young WF Jr: Primary aldosteronism: A common and curable form of hypertension. Cardiol Rev 1999;7:207-214
2. Young WF Jr: Pheochromocytoma and primary aldosteronism: diagnostic approaches. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 1997;26:801-827
3. Hurwitz S, Cohen RJ, Williams GH: Diurnal variation of aldosterone and plasma renin activity: timing relation to melatonin and cortisol and consistency after prolonged bed rest. J Appl Physiol 2004;96:1406-1414


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Cecelia F. Spowal, age 74, of 5298 Ridgway-Johnsonburg Rd., Johnsonburg, died Friday afternoon, Sept. 20, 2013 at her residence following a short illness.
She was born on May 30, 1939 in Johnsonburg, daughter of the late Joseph and Margaret Addeo Marrone.
She Joseph F. Spowal Sr. on Nov. 21, 1970 in Johnsonburg. He died May 22, 2012.
She resided in Johnsonburg all her life.
She graduated from Johnsonburg High School in 1957 and then graduated from Ora Jean Beauty School in Erie.
She was a member of Holy Rosary Church, Holy Rosary Funeral Luncheon Committee, and Johnsonburg Senior Center. She was a loving and hospitable person and whomever she touched was enriched by her generosity, love and sense of humor.
She was a self-employed beautician for many years before retiring in 1999. She had also worked at Stackpole Carbon, Co., Sheetz, BiLo, Station Inn, Shop and Save, the Dam Inn, and she had been a cook at the Elk County Jail and St. Leo's Rectory.
She is survived by one son, Joseph F. Spowal Jr. and his wife Tyna of Johnsonburg; three sisters, Patricia "Patty" Bloam of Johnsonburg, Nardina, Mrs. George Pontious of Johnsonburg, Gloria, Mrs. Richard Hoyt of Johnsonburg; and one son, Edward "Pepe" Marrone and his wife Karen of Spirit Lake, Idaho; and numerous nieces and nephews also survive.
She was predeceased by her parents and husband.
A Mass of Christian Burial for Cecelia F. Spowal will be conducted at Holy Rosary Church on Monday, Sept. 23, 2013 at 10 a.m.
Officiating will be Rev. David J. Wilson, Pastor. Interment will follow in Holy Rosary Cemetery, Johnsonburg.
Friends will be received at the Anthony F. Ferragine Funeral Home, 401 Chestnut St., Johnsonburg, on Sunday evening from 6 to 8 p.m.
Ife desired, memorial contributions should be made to Ridgway ambulance or to Community Nurses, Hospice Unit.
Share your condolences at www.ferraginefuneralhome.com.


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Bobbi Kristina Car Crash: Whitney Houston's Daughter in Second Wreck
TMZ reports that the late Whitney Houston's daughter Bobbi Kristina Brown was in a car crash late this morning, in Alpharetta, Georgia.
The singer's daughter wrecked her Chevy Camaro when she reportedly lost control of the car. A passerby notice


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August 06, 2012 2:05 pm Ferdz Evans
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Sun, Yenny, Sohee, Yubin, Lim. The 5 current wonders of Wonder Girls 원더걸스. We love you Wonder Girls. World Singer Wonder Girls. Wonderfuls always stick with the Wonder Girls. Spread the Wonder!
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A Vaquero Single Buckle HeadstallA Vintage 3 Scallop browband Bridle Set
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A Vaquero Snaffle Mecate Bridle set
Product SKU: LH251silms
Price: $259.00
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Our Complete Vaquero Cowboy Mecate Snaffle Bridle Set includes our 3/4" Hermann Oak oiled Golden bridle Browband single buckle on the Poll Headstall with hand engraved silver conchas, a 5" iron ring snaffle bit and matching Slobber Strap with silver engraved conchas and a 23' yacht braid mecate with rawhide button and tassel.
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"Good" (E17196)
"great price, quick shipping, girls love the pink." (E19093)
"This is the prefect jersey, I got this to wear to represent my son team, I design them myself. I got so many oh and ah's and also made a few for other to represent there child as well, can not go wrong with this style.... Also they feel and look like the real thing." (E13133)
Epic Sports
Champion Sports Stop Watches [E3134]


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Product Information
If for you half of the joy of a perfect cuppa is the meticulous method of making it, then embrace this most crucial step of artisanal coffee brewing by putting your beans through the Artisan Burr Grinder. This barista-quality grinder is able to produce coffee grounds of even and predictable size, consistently, so the result is a higher quality extraction that will honour the flavour profile of your bean, giving you a more nuanced cup, every time.
- Operates at 450 rpm which allows for a quiet grind, with low frictional heat, which helps to preserve flavour and aroma
- The compact design and stylish lines makes it pretty on the countertop and quite compact for cabinet storage, too
- Comes with burr-cleaning brush and coffee scoop
- 2 year warranty on household use
- The 200g capacity glass bean hopper, hopper lid and coffee bin are dishwasher safe
Grind control dial lets you select the right consistency for espresso, automatic drip or French Press brewing. Special helical gear controls the delivery of coffee to the burrs for better grind consistency. The bin seal plate helps position the coffee bin under grinding spout and prevents coffee grounds from escaping. Glass grind container minimises static 'cling' of coffee grinds
Product Specs
- Speed 1-5: 450rpm
- Voltage: 220-240V
- Hertz: 50-60Hz
- Watts: 175 - 185W
- Dimensions: 26.2 x 15.2 x 34.3cm (L x W x H)
- Net Weight: 4.5kg
- 15 grinding levels
- Capacity: 200 grams capacity glass bean hopper, 240 grams capacity glass coffee grounds container
- Large 5.7cm cutting burrs
- Removable and dishwasher-safe bean hopper and coffee grounds container
2 year warranty on domestic use


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This story was updated at 2:00 p.m. on May 28, 2013.
Related link: Map of reported pedestrian/vehicle collisions in Montgomery County in 2013
A 42-year-old man struck by a school bus on Darnestown Road on May 21 has died, police said.
The pedestrian, identified as Jason Alexander Estabrook of Point of Rocks, was jogging on the sidewalk adjacent to Shady Grove Road's southbound lanes. At the intersection of Shady Grove Road and Darnestown Road, Estabrook entered the roadway, where he was struck by a Montgomery County School bus around 2:30 p.m.
Estabrook was taken to a local hospital with life-threatening injuries and succumbed to those injuries May 27, according to Montgomery County Police spokeswoman Angela Cruz.
The driver of the bus has been identified as Tugjnyam Bavaa, 58, of Rockville. The bus was not carrying any passengers and the driver was not injured. Darnestown and Shady Grove roads were closed for several hours May 21 after the accident.
According to a release from Montgomery County police, detectives are still investigating the accident.
Staff writers Sylvia Carignan and St. John Barned-Smith contributed to this report.
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In the medieval hill town of Ménerbes, France, a fortified château dating back to the 11th century was sensitively renovated at the hands of an American couple, with the help of French designer Michel Biehn. The swimming pool—a copy of an 18th-century stone bassin—was set beside the medieval ramparts of the village, 180 feet below the level of the house. (July 2005)
Photo: Marina Faust


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New Chevy, Cadillac, Buick, and GMC Cars and Trucks in Portsmouth, Ohio
At Glockner GM Superstore, we live up to our name. Our inventory is booming with the latest GMC, Cadillac, Buick and Chevy models of quality cars, trucks, and SUVs. We're committed to helping you find the best new car or truck for you, and with our complete dealer inventory and tools at your fingertips, finding a car in Portsmouth is easier than ever. Looking for something specific? You can search our new car inventory by year, make, model, style, and more to get matched to your specifications. Not sure what you're looking for? That's okay too! You can find models that match your needs and compare different models side by side, or start with our New Chevy and GM Specials page.
Once you've found your dream car, contact us online or call us at 888-716-6905 to schedule a test drive.Even if you don't see the car you're looking for in our online inventory, we'll hunt it down for you! Just tell us about the vehicle you're looking for through our CarFinder tool, and we'll take care of the rest. We'll even help you find affordable auto financing and help you get qualified for an auto loan.
We want to make this the easiest car buying experience you've ever had, and we'll be here for you through the whole process. It's just another way we "Make it Easy!"
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Customer Reviews
Average Ratings:
Write your own review
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"I love it!"
By Dawn F.
Comments: This card holder is so perfect for my dog grooming business! I was even able to add a photo of my Coco! The quality is nice and print has a faint shimmer that gives it a rich finish.


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"Great Price." (E679)
"Great size for me at 16, got the XL. Snap fit, very sturdy, and not so much velcro on the pockets that I can't get to cards quickly." (E2143)
"The jerseys were the perfect sizes and are very breathable material. The team loves them!! Will definetly be buying these jerseys again if i need more!!" (E6984)
Epic Sports
Markwort Replacement Parts Batting Tees [E9714]


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For Oval Aboveground Pool Size: 18 feet x 40 feet. Cover Size: 21 feet x 43 feet.
When you protect your pool this winter you'll be mighty glad you did next spring! When combined with a proper winterizing program, the AQUACOVER® Solid Winter Cover will protect your pool from the wear and tear of freezing winter weather and eliminate costly maintenance and spring cleanup.
Key Features:
Made from tough polyethylene fabric - Time-tested! It's the toughest, most durable material available. Won't crack, split or tear from the cold! Lightweight - Easier to put on and take off the pool than heavier, bulkier vinyl covers. Takes up less room to store, too! Hold-Tite® reinforced seams last longer! Won't rip, fray or come apart. Double-folded self edge. Double-stitched with water, chemical and sun resistant thread. Double-folded self edge. Double-stitched with water, chemical and sun resistant thread.
With 30 years of experience in manufacturing winter covers, Aquacover uses the best material with the highest concentration of UV stabilizers to ensure your cover will last for years. We also back our covers with the best warranty in the business.
Why Use a Winter Cover?
Keeps your pool water clean and free from dirt, leaves and debris.Stops chemical loss through evaporation.Prevents algae growth.Protects pool from the wear and tear of winter.Eliminates costly maintenance and spring cleanup.
10-Year Pro-Rated Warranty with a full 2-year full cover warranty. Years 1-2 – 0%, Year 3 – 50%, Year 4 – 60%, Year 5 – 70%, Year 6 – 80%, Years 7-10 – 90%.


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Choose a New 500 or 500c from Premier FIAT of Fremont Today & Cruise the Streets of Newark, Burlingame, San Jose, Fremont, San Francisco and Berkeley, CA Feeling Confident and Secure
Whether you're a Web surfer, old-school radio fan or TV junkie, you've likely heard all of the critically-acclaimed reviews for the new FIAT lineup. From dramatic exterior facelifts to the addition of convenience features to enhanced performance and safety, this year's models are the best FIAT has offered yet. What are you waiting for? Start exploring acclaimed models such as the 500 and 500c, below.
Can't Decide Between the FIAT 500 and 500c? Take a Test Drive in Newark.
While there are many distinguishing features between the new 500 and 500c, the level of integrity and advanced technology is a common thread drivers from Newark Burlingame, San Jose, Fremont, San Francisco and Berkeley, CA enjoy across the lineup. If you're having difficulty deciding which new FIAT model best meets your desires/needs, visit us at 5633 John Muir Dr Newark, California and take a test drive. There really is no better way to know whether or not you truly bond with a car. Not in the market for new? Premier FIAT of Fremont has used cars too.
Want to learn more about a particular vehicle? Check out our Vehicle Showroom, allowing you to configure your own car, truck, minivan or SUV while also learning the technical specifications and available features for each model.


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There is so much to do and see in the Dordogne. Testament to the history of the region are the hundreds of castles dotted along the banks of the river Dordogne. Many are open to visitors and well worth a day trip.
Visit the great Châteaux of the Dordogne Valley
Monbazillac, 25km
Beynac, 85km
Bannes, 52km;
Milandes, 88km
Lanquais, 40km
Montaigne, 28km
Historic Churches & Abbeys
Famous Gardens
Prehistoric sites
Lascaux, 99km
Les Eyzies, 79km
Proumeyssac, 66km
Font de Gaume, 79km
La Roque St. Christophe, 90km
Abri Pataud, 79km


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Welcome to the Atlantic Motorsport Park Official Website
Welcome to the website for AMP, the Atlantic Motorsport Park. Check out the basic schedule information for upcoming events and the volunteer info, directions and contact links. If you have material to contribute, please let us know!
Atlantic Motorsport Park, Shubenacadie, Nova Scotia was built in 1974. Occupying a 377 acre site, it is a 2.5km (1.6 mile) 11 turn road circuit. It has been a regular host for a variety of regional and national motorsports events on both two and four wheels. It is located approximately 40-50 minutes North of Halifax, Nova Scotia just outside of the town of Shubenacadie.


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Interpretive Handbook
13009 :
Hepatitis C Antibody Screen Patient Source, Serum
Clinical Information Discusses physiology, pathophysiology, and general clinical aspects, as they relate to a laboratory test
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is recognized as the cause of most cases of post-transfusion hepatitis and is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. In the United States, HCV infection is quite common, with an estimated 3.5 to 4 million chronic HCV carriers.
Laboratory testing for HCV infection usually begins by screening for the presence of HCV antibodies (anti-HCV) in serum, using a United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved anti-HCV screening test. Specimens that are repeatedly reactive by screening tests should be confirmed by more HCV-specific tests, such as direct detection of HCV RNA by reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR).
HCV antibodies are usually not detectable during the first 2 months following infection, but they are usually detectable by the late convalescent stage (>6 months after onset) of infection. These antibodies do not neutralize the virus and they do not provide immunity against this viral infection. Loss of HCV antibodies may occur in the year following resolution of infection.
Current screening serologic tests to detect antibodies to HCV include EIA and chemiluminescence immunoassay (CIA). Despite the value of serologic tests to screen for HCV infection, several limitations of serologic testing exist:
1. There may be a long delay (up to 6 months) between exposure to the virus and the development of a detectable HCV antibody
2. False-reactive screening test result can occur
3. A reactive screening test result does not distinguish between past (resolved) and present HCV infection
4. Serologic tests cannot provide information on clinical response to anti-HCV therapy
Reactive screening test results should be followed by a supplemental or confirmatory test, such as a nucleic acid test for HCV RNA. Nucleic acid tests provide a very sensitive and specific approach for the direct detection of HCV RNA.
See Testing Algorithm for the Diagnosis of Hepatitis C in Special Instructions.
Useful For Suggests clinical disorders or settings where the test may be helpful
Determining hepatitis C virus status of source patient for blood and body fluid exposures
Interpretation Provides information to assist in interpretation of the test results
Reactive hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibody screening results with signal-to-cutoff (S/CO) ratios of <8.0 are not predictive of the true HCV antibody status and additional testing is recommended to confirm anti-HCV status.
Reactive results with S/CO ratios of > or =8.0 are highly predictive (> or =95% probability) of the true anti-HCV status, but additional testing is needed to differentiate between past (resolved) and chronic hepatitis C.
A negative screening test result does not exclude the possibility of exposure to or infection with HCV. Negative screening test results in individuals with prior exposure to HCV may be due to low antibody levels that are below the limit of detection of this assay or lack of reactivity to the HCV antigens used in this assay. Patients with recent HCV infections (<3 months from time of exposure) may have false-negative HCV antibody results due to the time needed for seroconversion (average of 8 to 9 weeks).
Cautions Discusses conditions that may cause diagnostic confusion, including improper specimen collection and handling, inappropriate test selection, and interfering substances
This test is NOT offered as a screening or confirmatory testing for organ, blood, or human cell/tissue donors.
This test profile is not useful for detection or diagnosis of acute hepatitis C, since hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibodies may not be detectable until after 2 months following exposure and HCV RNA testing is not performed on specimens with negative anti-HCV screening test results.
A single negative HCV RNA test result together and a reactive HCV antibody screen result with a S/CO ratio of > or =8.0 do not rule out the possibility of chronic HCV infection. Repeat testing for HCV RNA in 1 to 2 months is recommended in patient at risk for chronic hepatitis C.
Infants born to HCV-infected mothers may have false-reactive HCV antibody test results due to transplacental passage of maternal HCV IgG antibodies. HCV antibody testing is not recommended until at least 18 months of age in these infants.
Performance characteristics have not been established for the following types of serum specimen:
-Individuals of <10 years of age
-Grossly icteric (total bilirubin level of >20 mg/dL)
-Grossly lipemic (triolein level of >3,000 mg/dL)
-Grossly hemolyzed (hemoglobin level of >500 mg/dL)
-Presence of particulate matter
-Cadaveric specimens
Reference Values Describes reference intervals and additional information for interpretation of test results. May include intervals based on age and sex when appropriate. Intervals are Mayo-derived, unless otherwise designated. If an interpretive report is provided, the reference value field will state this.
Negative (reported as reactive or negative)
See Viral Hepatitis Serologic Profiles in Special Instructions.
Clinical References Provides recommendations for further in-depth reading of a clinical nature
1. Carithers RL, Marquardt A, Gretch DR: Diagnostic testing for hepatitis C. Semin Liver Dis 2000;20(2):159-171
2. Alter MJ, Kuhnert WL, Finelli L: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Guidelines for Laboratory Testing and Result Reporting of Antibody to Hepatitis C Virus. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2003;52(No. RR-3):1-14
3. Germer JJ, Zein NN: Advances in the molecular diagnosis of hepatitis C and their clinical implications. Mayo Clin Proc 2001;76(9):911-920
4. Pawlotsky JM: Use and interpretation of virological tests for hepatitis C. Hepatology 2002;36:S65-S73


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Review & Evaluation: National Academies Evaluation
NIOSH understands that external expert review is one of the most valid and accepted methods of evaluating research programs. Consequently, NIOSH has requested that the National Academies evaluate NIOSH research programs with respect to their impact, relevance, and future directions. The National Academies was asked to evaluate what NIOSH research programs are producing and to determine the extent to which NIOSH research is responsible for changes in the workplace that reduce the risk of occupational injuries, illnesses, and deaths. This evaluation is being undertaken by the National Research Council and the Institute of Medicine in the National Academies.
More information is available at the National Academies Evaluation of NIOSH Research Programs page.
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