text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Publication date
|Jul 23, 1974
|Filing date
|Jun 22, 1972
|Priority date
|Jun 22, 1972
|Publication number
|R Burns
|Original Assignee
|Pylon Inc
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (7), Referenced by (5), Classifications (5)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
United States Patent 1191 Burns 1451 July 23, 1974 OUTDOOR DISPLAY DEVICE FOR SEQUENTIALLY DISPLAYING A SERIES OF PANELS [75] Inventor: Robert G. Burns, Sioux Falls, S.
[73] Assignee: Pylon Incorporated, Sioux Falls, S.
[22] Filed: June 22, 1972 [21] Appl. No.: 265,262
[52] US. Cl. 40/32 [51] Int. Cl. G091 11/28 [58] Field of Search 40/28 R, 30-33,
[56] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 995,287 6/1911 Phillips 40/97 l,387,635 8/1921 Aisenberg 40/32 1,842,422 1/1932 O'Shea 40/32 2,102,243 12 1937 Van Deventer 40/32 3,187,451 6 1965 Fontaine 40 32 3,336,687 8/1967 Fontaine 40 32 3,664,050 5/1972 Manzano 40 32 Primary ExaminerRobert W. Michell Assistant ExaminerA. J. Heinz Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Hill, Gross, Simpson, Van Santen, Steadman, Chiara & Simpson [5 7] ABSTRACT Outdoor traveling display device for a series of panels having signs thereon, in which panels are suspended in end-to-end relation from an endless chain trained in a horizontal plane adjacent and beneath the top wall of a housing for the device. The chain is driven with a series of equally spaced dwells, to index a panel behind a viewing screen of the device and hold the panel in position for viewing for a preselected time interval, and then index a next succeeding panel into position for viewing.
9 Claims, 7 Drawing Figures OUTDOOR DISPLAY DEVICE FOR SEQUENTIALLY DISPLAYING A SERIES OF PANELS FIELD OF THE INVENTION Outdoor display device for signs, periodically bringing signs in front of a viewing screen and holding the signs behind the screen for a preselected time interval.
SUMMARY, ADVANTAGES AND OBJECTS OF INVENTION The invention generally consists in the suspension of connected flexible signs from an endless chain driven step-by-step in accordance with the lengths of the signs and trained in a sinuous path, to increase the effective length of the chain and the number of signs that may be suspended therefrom. The endless chain is driven in a horizontal plane through a motor and clutch, periodically deenergized as a sign is brought behind a viewing screen in the housing for the device. The signs are detachably hooked to the chain and are detachably connected in end-to-end relation with respect to each other by slide fasteners or other suitable fastening means and the chain is drivenstep-by-step, to index a panel behind the viewing screen, hold it in position for a set interval and then index a next succeeding panel in registry with the screen. A cam driven at a constant speed by a motor, separate from the drive motor for the chain establishes an energizing circuit to the clutch. Stop actuators spaced along the chain deenergize the clutch and accommodate reenergization of the clutch by the cam.
An advantage of the presentinvention is that a series of different advertising panels may be placed outdoors, protected from the weather, and be successively viewed through a viewing screen, by cyclically bringing a panel in front of the viewing window and then bringing a next succeeding panel in front of the window by a simplified form of suspension and drive means for the panels, which may continuously operate with little, if any, attention.
Another advantage in the invention is the construction of the device so the panels may be detachably connected for movement together and may readily be changed with the minimum amount of time and effort.
t and reliability and efficiency in operation.
Other objects, features and advantages of the invention will be readily apparent from the following description of a preferred embodiment thereof, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, although variations and modifications may be effected without departing from the spirit and scope of the novel concepts of the disclosure.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an outdoor display device constructed in accordance with the principles of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a transverse sectional view taken substantially along line 2-2 of FIG. 1.
FIG. 3 is a generally diagrammatic view, looking upwardly toward the endless suspension and drive chain for the panel and diagrammatically illustrating the drive to the chain and the tension means therefor.
FIG. 4 is a fragmentary vertical sectional view taken substantially along line 4--4 of FIG. 3 and illustrating the take-up for the chain and suspension means for suspending the panels from the chain. 7
FIG. 5 is a fragmentary sectional view taken substantially along line 55 of FIG. 3, illustrating the idler sprockets supporting the chain intermediate the ends of the runs thereof.
FIG. 6 is a fragmentary sectional view taken substantially along line 66 of FIG. 5, illustrating the drive to the drive sprocket; and
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the electrical circuit for effecting and controlling the drive to the endless chain and panels.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION In FIGS. 1, 2 and 3 of the drawings, 1 have shown a display device embodying the principles of the present invention and including a housing 10, shown as being of a generally rectangular box-like form and supported on a base and pedestal 11. The base 11 has a pair of parallel spaced side frame members 12 extending upwardly therefrom, connected together by a top beam 13 extending across said housing and forming a support for the operating mechanism for the device. A bottom beam 14 connects the side frame members at their lower ends and extends along the bottom of the housing 10.
The housing 10 may be welded or otherwise secured to the side frame members 12, to beam 13 and bottom beam 14, and may extend from opposite sides thereof and is shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 as having a front opening 15 shown as being rectangular in form and closed by a viewing screen 16, which may be glass or transparent plastic, and forms a screen, in back of which are positioned advertising panels 17, successively brought into registry with said screen and then held in position behind said screen, to enable the successive panels to readily be viewed. The housing 10 also has an access door 19 in the rear wall thereof, enabling panels to be hooked or clipped to an endless flexible drive member, shown as being in the form of a chain 20, guided to have a viewing run 21 extending parallel to the front of the screen 16 and an access run 22 extending parallel to the back wall of the housing and access door 19, and guided to travel in a generally elongated sinuous path between said viewing and access runs, to provide sufficient length of chain to accommodate a plurality of panels 17 to be suspended therefrom in end-to-end relation with respect to each other.
The endless chain 20 may be a conventional form of roller chain in which the pintle pins of the chain (not shown) are in the form of sleeves, to accommodate the shanks of screw eyes 23 to pass through said sleeves to suspend the eyes of said screw eyes from said chain.
Nuts 24 may be threaded on the shanks of said screw eyes and suitably locked thereto, to retain said screw eyes to travel with said chain (FIGS. 4 and 5).
The panels 17 may be flexible panels, sufficiently flexible to conform to the path of travel of the chain, as changing its direction about a series of direction changing and supporting idlers 25, adjacent opposite ends of the housing 10. The panels 17 are preferably made from a plastic material, which may be transparem, and may be illuminated by back lighting, by a series of parallel vertically spaced horizontal fluroescent tubes 27. The panel also may be illuminated by a suitable light 29 at the outside of the housing and extending along the top of the panel, and diagrammatically illustrated in FIG. 7. Said panels, therefore, need not necessarily be transparent, particularly where illuminated by external lights.
As shown in FIG. 4, the panels are hooked to the eyes of the screw eyes 23 by books 30 extending through the top marginal surfaces of the panels and upwardly therefrom. While the panels are herein shown as being hooked to the eyes of the screw eyes 23, they instead may be clipped to the eyes of said screw eyes by snap clips (notshown) or any other conventional fastening means. The panels 17 are also shown in FIG. 4 as connected together in end-to-end relation with respect to each other, by slide fasteners 31 to provide in effect a continuous panel with different views or advertisements equally spaced therealong and successively indexed 'in back of the screen 16 and illuminated by backlighting provided by the vertically spaced fluorescent tubes 27.
As shown in FIGS. 2 and 6, the beams 13 and 14 are generally l-I-shaped in cross section and form supports adjacent the lower ends of the legs thereof within the housing 10, for the horizontal legs 32 of a frame structure 33 supporting the fluorescent tubes 27 at their ends. The frame structures 33 and legs 32 may be spaced adjacent opposite ends of the housing behind the viewing screen 16 and within the orbit of the endless chain to support the tubes to illuminate in back of the entire area of the panels, as passing behind the viewing screen 16.
A horizontal plate 35 is suspended from the legs 32 of the frame structure 33 by threaded rods or bolts 37 (FIG. 2). The plate 35 forms a support for the idlers at one end of the path of travel of the endless chain, supporting and changing the direction of the chain. The plate 36 is suspended from a plate 41 welded or otherwise secured to the bottoms of the lower legs of the top beam 13, as by suspension rods 43 (FIG. 6). The plate 36 forms a support for the idlers 25 at the opposite end of the path of travel of the endless chain.
An intermediate plate 39 may also be suspended from the top beam 13 in a suitable manner through threaded rods or any other suitable means (not shown), in the plane of the plates 35 and 36 and in parallel spaced relation with respect thereto. Said intermediate plate forms a support for a series of support idlers 40 freely rotatably mounted on headed pins 38, shown in FIG. 5 as being threaded in the plate 39 and depending therefrom, with the heads thereof retaining the idlers in fixed relation with respect to the bottom of the plate 39, for free rotation with respect thereto. Bearings (not shown) may journal said support idlers on said pins.
The idlers 40 are in the form of sprockets meshing with the chain 20, with one idler 40 meshing on one side of a run of said chain and another idler 40 meshing with the opposite side of the same run of said chain, and spaced longitudinally therealong, to suppport the chain intermediate its ends and prevent sagging thereof, as passing from one end of the housing to the other. Two idlers are provided for supporting each run of the chain intermediate its ends and all of the idlers are of the same construction and mounted to depend from the plate 39 in a similar manner.
The chain is supported at the opposite ends of its horizontal runs by the direction changing idlers 25, suspended from the respective plates 35 and 36, in the same manner the idlers 40 are suspended from the plate 39.
Suitably mounted on the top of the plate 36 is a motor 44, clutch 45, driven therefrom and a speed reducer 46 driven by said clutch (FIG. 6). The motor, clutch and speed reducer are shown as carried in separate housings, connected together in end-to-end relation with respect to each other, and may be of various commercial forms well-known to those skilled in the art, so need not herein be shown or described in further detail. The speed reducer 46 has a vertical drive shaft 47 depending from its housing, through an opening 48 in the plate 36, and has a sprocket 49 keyed or otherwise secured to its lower end. Nuts 50 threaded on the upper ends of the threaded rods 43 are provided to suspend said rods from the plate 41, and to adjust the position of the plate 36, motor, clutch and speed reducer, to bring the drive sprocket 49 and idler sprockets 25 in horizontal alignment with the intermediate support sprockets 40. Lock nuts 51 threaded on the rods 43 may be engaged with the bottom of the plate 41 to retain the plate 36 and motor, clutch and speed reducer in the proper position.
The motor 44 may be a constant speed continuously driven electric motor of a well-known form, while the clutch 45 may be a commercial form of electrically energizable clutch, energized to provide a drive connection from said motor 41 to the speed reducer 46. The speed reducer 46 may be a conventional form of right angle drive type of reducer, providing a reduced speed drive for the depending drive shaft 47. Beneath the plate 35 and between certain of the idlers 25 and in horizontal alignment therewith, is a take-up idler 53. The take-up idler 53 is suspended from a take-up arm 54 pivoted intermediate its ends, to the top side of the plate 35 on a vertical pivot pin 55. A shaft 56 depends from the free end of the arm 54 and extends through an arcuate slot 57 formed in the plate 35, and forms a bearing mounting for the tension idler 53.
The idler 53 is biased to maintain tension on a chain 20 by a weight 59 suspended from the flexible cable 60, through a screw eye 61. The flexible cable 60 passes upwardly from the weight 59 about an idler pulley 62, disposed beneath the plate 35, and rotatably supported between a pair of depending bracket legs 63 for rotation about a horizontal axis. From the idler 62, the flexible cable 60 extends inwardly to and has operative connection with the shaft 56 to bias the arm 54 in a direction to maintain the chain 20 under a preselected tension.
The pivoted arm 54 is diagrammatically shown in FIG. 7 as having an enlarged end 64 extending from the pivot pin 55, in a direction opposite from the tension idler 53 and as having an outer camming face 65 engaged by a follower roller 66 of a safety control switch 67. Upon excess slack on the chain and pivotal movement of the arm 54in one direction, the camming face 65 will effect closing of the switch 67 and energization of a relay coil 68. This will open the contacts 70, of a safety latching relay 71 (FIG. 7) and thereby break the circuit to the clutch 45, and stop the drive to the chain 20.
In cases where the chain 20 may jam or be overloaded, causing an excessive tension on said chain, the arm 54 will pivot in an opposite direction, shown in FIG. 7 as being a counterclockwise direction, to effect closing of the switch 67 and deenergization of th clutch 45 in the manner just described. j
Referring now in particular to FIG. 7, schematically illustrating the electric circuit controlling operation of the device, the control of power to the sign may be by a timer 69, which may be of a type enabling the selection of any period of operation of the sign within a twenty-four hour period. The timer 69 may be a commercial timer of a form well-known to those skilled in the art and is no part of the present invention, so need not herein be shown or described further.
All power to the internal lights 27 and the external lights 29 is through a photoelectric control 72. This control has the customary shade (not shown) which may be adjusted to determine when the lights turn on and off. if it is desired that the lights be on at all times the sign is operating, the opening (not shown) in the control is covered. The photoelectric control 72 may be of various commercial forms suited for the purpose and is no part of the present invention so need not herein be shown or described further.
Turning of the external lights 29 on may be under the control of a manually operated switch 72a. A manually operated switch 72b is provided to control the turning on of the lights 27 within the housing in back of the panels, traveling along the viewing run 21 of the chain.
A manually operable motor switch 73 is provided in the circuit from the timer 69 to the motor 44 to energize said motor 44 and cause said motor to be continuously driven as long as said switch 73 is in its on position.
A cam motor 75 is provided to drive a disk cam 76 on a shaft 77 of said motor. The cam motor is energized by closing of a manually operable cam motor switch 79, to drive the cam 76 to turn at a speed, which may be one revolution per minute. The cam 76 has a plurality of cam lobes 80 extending from the surface thereof, effective to momentarily close a switch arm 81 and effect energization of a relay coil 82 of a latching relay 82a, and close switch contacts 83 of said relay and effect energization of the clutch 45 through a clutch control switch 89, the latching relay 71, the contacts 83 and a conductor 84 to thereby engage the clutch. The contacts 83 are start/stop contacts of the latching relay and latch in a closed position upon energization of the coil 82.
In starting the circuit, the motor drive switch 73, the cam motor switch 79, the clutch control switch 89 and a reset switch 91 are closed.
Upon closing of the contacts 83 by energization of the relay coil 82 as the switch 81 is momentarily closed by the cam 76, the drive to the endless chain will be effective until a switch actuator cam 85 on the endless chain 20 momentarily closes a stop switch 86. This will energize a relay coil 87 of the latching relay 82a, and
cause the contacts 83 to latch in an open position. The clutch 45 will then be deenergized and the drive to the chain 20 will stop. The cam motor 75, however, will continue to drive the cam 76 and momentarily close the cam switch 81 and energize the relay coil 82 of the start/stop relay 82a and latch the contacts 83 of said relay into their closed position, to then energize the clutch 45, to continue the drive to the chain 20. Cam actuator lugs 85 are spaced along the chain 20 in accordance with the length of the panels carried by said chain, to periodically deenergize the clutch 45, as a panel is moved into position behind the viewing screen 16.
The drive for the sign and stopping thereof is thus attained by alternately energizing the two coils 82 and 87 of the latching relay 820, the contacts of which make and break a circuit to the clutch 45 and thus energize and deenergize said clutch to effect engagement or disengagement of the clutch to bring a panel in front of the viewing screen 16 and hold the panel in position to be viewed.
The cam 76 is shown as having six equally spaced lobes 80 thereon and in the present instance is driven to rotate at one revolution per minute. The chain 20 also has equally spaced actuator cam lugs 85 spaced therealong in accordance with the length of the panels and the number of panels to be viewed. There will thus be six energizing cycles per minute for the clutch 45, allowing approximately 5 seconds to transport a panel in front of the viewing screen 16 and leaving 5 seconds during which a panel is stopped in viewing position.
A nonnally open jog switch 88 is provided in the circuit to the clutch 45 and bypasses the contacts 83 of the start/stop latching relay 82a to facilitate the changing of panels. When the jog switch is closed and the cam motor switch 79 and a clutch control switch 89 are closed, the drive will continuously operate and an energizing circuit will be established to the clutch 45 through the clutch switch 89, safety relay contacts of the latching relay 71 jog switch 88and conductor 84. During operation of the jog switch 88, the cam motor switch 79 should be turned off before using the jog switch, to prevent the cam 76 from closing the switch 81, and thereby prevent starting of the drive chain 20 as the cam rotates. As the cam motor switch 70 is turned off, the jog switch 88 may be operated to start and stop the drive as required to enable the advertising panels to be changed.
A reset switch 91 is connected from a line 92 leading from the timer 69 to a relay coil 93 and is momentarily closed, to energize said coil and latch the safety relay switch contacts 70 closed and thereby provide an energizing circuit to the clutch 45 through the clutch control switch 89, contacts 70 of relay 71, contacts 83 of relay 71 and the conductor 84, and thereby reset the system and start travel of the drive chain 20.
When it is desired to operate the sign, it is merely necessary to close the switches 72a and 72b, or to only close the switch 72a to at least back light the panel by the fluorescent tubes 27, under control of the photoelectric control 72. Assuming the timer 69 has been set to operate the sign for a predetermined time interval, the cam motor switch 79, the motor drive switch 73 and the clutch control switch 89 are closed, the reset switch 91 is momentarily closed. The relay coil 93 will be energized to close the safety contacts 70 which will latch closed. This will provide a circuit to the stop/start contacts 83 of the latching relay 82a. The clutch 45 will then be in condition to be energized as the cam lobe 80 momentarily closes the switch 81 to energize the relay coil 82 and latch the contacts 83 into their closed positrons.
The chain 20 will then be driven to periodically bring the panels 17 having signs thereon in front of the viewing screen 16. The drive chain will stop its travel as a stop actuator lug 85 closes the switch 86 to energize the relay coil 87 of the latching relay and latch the contacts 83 in their open positions. After a time delay sufficient to enable the sign on the panel to be viewed, a cam lobe 80 will again close the switch 81 and energize the relay coil 82 of the latching relay 82a and complete an energizing circuit to the-clutch 45 through the clutch control switch 89, safety relay contacts 70, contacts 83, the latching relay 82a and conductor 84 leading to the clutch 45, it being understood that the return from the clutch 45 is through a conductor 93 connected with the timer 69.
The sign may then continue to operate in the manner just described bringing a next adjacent display panel in front of viewing screen 16, and stopping the panel in front of said screen for a sufficient length of time to enable the sign to be viewed and comprehended, and then bringing a next succeeding panel in front of the viewing screen. I
If, however, the chain should jam or become unduly slack, the takeup arm 54 will move in either a clockwise or counterclockwise direction, depending upon tension conditions of the chain, to close the switch 67 and energize the relay coil 68 and latch the latching contacts 70 of the safety relay 71 open. When the slack or overload conditionsare cured, operation of the system is continued by momentarily closing the reset switch 91 and again energizing the relay coil 93, to latch the safety relay contacts 70 closed.
It will further be understood that control of travel of the sign can be manually by operation of the jog switch 88 bypassing the start/stop relay contact 83 and energizing the clutch through the clutch control switch 89, safety contacts 70, the jog switch 88 and conductor 84.
I claim as my invention:
1. In a display device for sequentially displaying advertisements and the like,
a housing having a top, a back, a front, and a viewing screen extending along the front thereof,
an endless flexible drive member within said housing guided for movement within said housing including a path extending along the back of said viewing screen,
a series of panels,
means detachably suspending said panels from said flexible drive member in end-to-end relation with respect to each other to travel along said screen for display,
a drive motor,
drive means driven by said drive motor at a uniform rate of speed effecting a drive from said motor to said flexible drive member,
a series of lights mounted within the housing opposite the screen to illuminate the panels as brought in registry with the screen,
control means for said drive means effective to bring a panel in alignment with said screen and hold the panel in position with said screen for a preselected time unit, and then bring a next adjacent panel in alignment with the screen to successively display all of the panels on said drive member,
said control means including a continuously operating cam motor operating an energizing circuit to said drive motor continuously driving said drive motor,
a clutch drivingly connecting said drive motor to said flexible drive member,
cam means operated by said cam motor and coupled to said clutch for engaging it,
stop means on said flexible drive member operable to disengage said clutch to effect the holding of a panel in front of said screen,
wherein the stop means comprises a stationary switch and separate stop actuators spaced along said flexible drive member and operable to actuate said switch to effect disengagement of said clutch, and provide a dwell in the travel of said flexible drive, and
wherein the cam means is effective to reengage said clutch and provide a drive to said flexible drive member.
2. The display panel of claim 1,
wherein the clutch is an electrically energized clutch,
and including a manually operable switch for energizing said motor, and
wherein the flexible drive device is an endless chain trained in a generally sinuous path and having a display run extending behind said screen and meshed with idler sprockets depending from the top portion of said housing and rotatable about vertical axes,
wherein at least one of said sprockets is a tension idler,
wherein means are provided to bias said tension idler to maintain tension on said chain, and
wherein other means are provided, actuated by said biasing means to deenergize said clutch upon excessive slack or overload of said chain.
3. The display device of claim 2,
wherein the biasing means for taking up tension on the chain comprises a pivoted arm forming a mounting for said tension idler and having a camming surface, and
wherein a safety control switch is engaged by said camming surface and normally maintained in an open position thereby and moved into position to break a circuit to said clutch upon excessive slack or overload of said chain.
4. The display device of claim 3, including stop actuators spaced along said chain,
a stop switch controlling energization of said clutch and moved into position to deenergize said clutch and stop travel of said chain during predetermined cyclical periods in travel of said chain.
5. The display device of claim 4,
wherein the cam operates'a cam switch controlling energization of said clutch and reenergizing of said clutch after actuation of said stop switch by a stop actuator.
6. The display device of claim 2 wherein the flexible drive device is an endless chain trained to travel in a horizontal plane in a generally sinuous path and having a display run extending along and behind said screen,
wherein idler sprockets depending from the top portion of said housing and mounted for rotation about vertical axes mesh with and support said chain,
wherein at least one of the sprockets is a tension idler,
wherein means are provided to bias said tension idler to maintain tension on said chain,
wherein the clutch is an electrically energized clutch,
engaged when energized and including a switch for energizing said cam motor when closed,
a motor switch for energizing said drive motor whe closed,
a latching relay having contacts having energizing connection with said clutch when closed,
a clutch control switch completing a circuit to said contacts of said latching relay,
a cam switch momentarily closed to complete an energizing circuit to said latching relay, to effect closing of the contacts thereof, and the energization of and engagement of said clutch,
a stop switch normally open and effective to complete a circuit to said latching relay to open the contacts of said latching relay and to deenergize and disengage said clutch, and
stop actuator lugs spaced along said endless chain in accordance with the length of the panels displayed, to close said stop switch and open the contact to said relay to effect the stopping of a panel in registry with said screen.
7. The display device of claim 6, including a safety latching relay in the circuit from said clutch control switch to the contacts of said first mentioned latching relay,
a reset switch effecting the closing of said safety latching relay,
a safety control switch effecting the opening of the contacts of said latching relay and disengagement of said clutch,
and means actuated by said biasing means for said tensioning idler, effective to close said safety control switch and open the contacts of said safety latching relay upon excessive slack or on overload of said chain.
8. The display device of claim 1, including a tensioning device maintaining a predetermined tension of said flexible drive member and a safety control switch in a circuit to said clutch and actuated by said tensioning device to deenergize said clutch and stop the drive to said flexible drive member, upon the overloading of said flexible drive member or the formation of slack therein.
9. The display device of claim 1, including a relay connected in the circuit to said clutch and having contacts closed by said cam means,
wherein the switch is effective to open said contacts of said-relay,
wherein the stop actuators spaced along said flexible drive member are effective to close contacts of said relay to stop the drive to said flexible drive member, and
wherein closing of said contacts of said relay and energization of said clutch is effected upon continued operation of said cam means.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Jul 2, 1910
|Jun 13, 1911
|Mark Clyde Phillips
|Picture-display cabinet.
|Sep 10, 1919
|Aug 16, 1921
|Aisenberg Jacob
|Moving sign
|Aug 10, 1931
|Jan 26, 1932
|O'shea James
|Advertising and displaying machine
|Sep 6, 1935
|Dec 14, 1937
|Service Devices Inc
|Animated sign
|Jul 1, 1963
|Jun 8, 1965
|Fontaine John Garfield
|Changeable exhibitor
|Jul 8, 1965
|Aug 22, 1967
|John G Fontaine
|Changeable exhibitor
|Mar 9, 1970
|May 23, 1972
|Alejandro C Manzano
|Introduced in luminous publicity displays of continuous sash type
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Aug 29, 1980
|Jun 8, 1982
|Ward Outdoor Advertising
|Advertising display apparatus
|May 10, 1988
|May 28, 1991
|Product Innovations
|Changeable sign display device with improved panel suspension
|Jan 16, 1991
|Aug 18, 1992
|Quadra View Incorporated
|Multifaced variable display device
|Aug 4, 1997
|Oct 20, 1998
|Yonenaga; Itsuro
|Advertisement display device
|Sep 1, 1986
|Mar 18, 1987
|TECMAS S.n.c. di ASCARI E SIGHINOLFI
|Display device
|U.S. Classification
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification


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Message Subject
Who was the Man In The Woods In Sandy Hook?
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Anonymous Coward
Post Content
Chris Rodia, Chris Manfredonia, off-duty LE are all red herrings to the story.
Anonymous Coward 1482838
The Rodia thing is really bizarre.
He gets pulled over by a detective (?!) over a parking(?!?!?!) violation (not even a moving one) and gets a warning instead of a ticket, but his name goes on the record via scanner. He gets an instant alibi courtesy of the police (my, they're very accomodating when it comes to this felon).
That's all bad enough as is.
But then...
There's the whole issue of the car description he gives ('I was riding in mom's SAGE GREEN Nissan', as if the color mattered, let alone the shade....I don't even remember if that color is found in a Crayola box of 64). Then there's the license plate bringing up HIS name, not his mom's, and then the car belongs to Nancy, or not, and 'Adam' drove it to the school...or not.
I think Rodia is much more than a red herring.
Also, Ginger Bread Dad was at the school HOURS early, but had the foresight to have a reason to be there conveniently available in text message format. He hears commotion in the school, smells sulfur (?!?!?!), so rather than look to see if his kid is okay, he runs into the woods. When caught, 'I didn't do it'.
Right. That makes perfect, rational sense. What a good ginger bread dad. He's innocent. He told us so.
And the armed off duty swat cop fleeing the school? Nothing to see here...off duty swat cops are always accidentally fleeing from school shootings. What a coincidence. What a small world.
A smell a rat in all 3 cases. They're all dirty, one way or another...and I doubt any of them is just a red herring.
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text: Tom Morton, Townsquare Media [ University of Wyoming Guest Scholar Urges Diplomacy for Ukraine Crisis By Tom Morton March 6, 2014 "My sense is that everybody needs to sit down and talk through it," says Mark Wall, guest UW scholar. Read More|Comment Category: Cheyenne News, National News, Wyoming News Tags: Casper College, Russia, University of Wyoming Send to a friend! Share on Facebook Share on Twitter Pin it! Reddit This! Share on Tumblr!


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US Military Planners Sent to Jordan With Eye on Syrian War
150-Man Task Force Discusses Invasion to Establish 'Buffer Zone'
In another sign that the Obama Administration may be moving closer to intervention in Syria, it is revealed that the Pentagon has secretly deployed a "task force" of around 150 military planners, including an unnamed "senior" officer, to Jordan.
The force has been deployed to a military training center on the outskirts of Amman, and is already discussing the possibility of an invasion of the border region of Syria to establish a "buffer zone."
The prospect of "humanitarian corridors" or other buffer zones has been raised several times, usually with the assumption it would be around Turkey. Today's news suggests there could be one in the southeast as well, with Jordanian troops serving as the US proxy.
Pentagon officials declined comment on the exact state of the mission, but the deployment points to a more serious involvement than has yet been admitted to by administration officials, who insist they oppose foreign intervention at the moment.
Last 5 posts by Jason Ditz
- US Scraps Program to Train Syrian Rebels - October 9th, 2015
- Rebels Down Helicopter in Syria, Unclear If It's Syrian or Russian - October 8th, 2015
- FBI Claims It Disrupted 'Dozens' of Possible ISIS Recruits - October 8th, 2015
- NATO to Send More Troops to Eastern Europe, Citing Russian Strikes in Syria - October 8th, 2015
- US Troops May Have Exceeded Authority in Bombing Afghan Hospital - October 8th, 2015
3 Responses to "US Military Planners Sent to Jordan With Eye on Syrian War"
[…] the news that more than 150 US forces have been deployed to Jordan, in part to "be positioned" […]
US military planners have done such a great job so far and now look for more work. Yesiree.
If this happens, i hope everybody remembers how treacherous Jordan is.


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Future Tense Initiative & Tsinghua University Launch New U.S.-China Green Electronics Competition
Competition to Encourage Innovation on E-Waste Prevention
WASHINGTON, DC — The Future Tense initiative – a partnership of New America, Arizona State University, and Slate magazine – is pleased to announce the launch of Green Electronics: A U.S.-China Maker Challenge, an unprecedented online DIY competition focused on preventing the creation of electronic waste (e-waste). The competition, a collaboration between Future Tense, China's Tsinghua University and other partners, invites U.S. and Chinese makers to find creative ways to turn yesterday's cellphone battery into tomorrow's treasure.
"This is a great opportunity for the United States and China to work toward common goals," said Emily Parker, senior fellow and digital diplomacy advisor at New America, who helped spearhead this project. "Both the U.S. and China want to encourage the innovation happening at the DIY or maker level, and both countries face the challenge of reducing e-waste."
Electronic products tend to become unusable after just a few years, and items such as computers, DVD players and cell phones frequently wind up in landfills. Some of the most creative solutions to this problem may come from U.S. and Chinese makers, many of whom already incorporate old electronic components into their DIY creations. Green electronics will encourage makers to showcase their creations online.
Participants will be invited to upcycle or hack an electronic product to create a new electronic product; repair an electronic product; create a sustainable electronic product; or create artwork from used electronic products. They will show their inventions on Instructables.com, where submissions will be accepted from April 7 - May 31, 2014. Following a round of public voting, a panel of judges will choose the best selections from each country. Winners will receive prizes as well as the opportunity to showcase their creations on Slate.
Judges include Chris Anderson, former Wired editor; Joi Ito, Director of the MIT Media Lab; Mitzi Montoya, Vice President and University Dean for Entrepreneurship & Innovation at Arizona State University; and Sun Hong Bin, Dean of Educational Affairs at Tsinghua University. Partners include Instructables, TechShop, Hackerspaces.org, XinCheJian, Autodesk, and Inventables.
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Latest News from ASCO in Action
Latest News from ASCO in Action
CMS has issued a request for information regarding implementation of the Merit-based Incentive Payment System (MIPS), promotion of alternative payment models (APMs), and incentive payments for participation in eligible APMs. The request comes as CMS works to implement the Medicare Access and CHIP Reauthorization Act of 2015 (MACRA), which replaced the sustainable growth rate formula for updates to the Medicare physician fee schedule (MPFS).
On October 1, the U.S. Senate Committee on Health, Education, Labor and Pensions (HELP) held a hearing on "Achieving the Promise of Health Information Technology."
A new article published in the Journal of Oncology Practice evaluates differences between treatment of patients with metastatic renal cell cancer (mRCC) who participated on clinical trials versus those who received the same therapy in routine clinical practice.
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text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Jan 30, 2003
|Filing date
|Dec 29, 2000
|Priority date
|Dec 29, 2000
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Barrett Cole
|Original Assignee
|Cole Barrett E.
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Referenced by (9), Classifications (9), Legal Events (4)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
[0001] The present invention concerns thermal imaging, and more specifically concerns improved pixels or cells for arrays of bolometers.
[0002] Night vision and related applications can be realized by receiving the infrared radiation emitted by warm bodies in an array of detectors whose electrical output signals are converted into a visible image. The individual detectors, called cells, elements, or pixels, must be very small. They should also be sensitive to radiation over a wide band of the infrared spectrum, have minimal noise at ambient temperatures, operate at high sensitivity, and be inexpensive to manufacture.
[0003] Arrays of uncooled bolometers on a semiconductor substrate offer a promising approach to room-temperature infrared imaging. Such arrays also have shortcomings in several different respects. Wide bandwidth is difficult to achieve, and is sensitive to a large number of interacting factors in the structure and materials of the individual pixels. Noise can swamp the useful signals when the array is not cooled to cryogenic temperatures. Good sensitivity to minute temperature differences requires high absorption of incident radiation, and this is frequently detrimental to other design goals. While nanotechnology techniques have been employed for constructing bolometer arrays, the expense of meeting the operational goals can lead to high fabrication costs and low yields, especially for arrays having large numbers of individual image elements or pixels.
[0004] An array of bolometers according to the invention has a wide bandwidth in the infrared spectrum for increasing the range of temperatures that contribute to an image. It has a high absorption for increased sensitivity to temperature differences. Its structure, materials, and manufacture balance tradeoffs between competing factors in a way that reduces the cost of fabrication.
[0005] These and other goals are achieved in an uncooled array of thin bolometer pixels having a highly isolated platform structure of absorbing material separated from a substrate by a predetermined gap. A reflecting layer can increase efficiency and bandwidth. The array can also include a shaped resistor of material having a relatively low total resistance while maintaining a high resistance change with very small temperature differentials.
[0006]FIG. 1 shows an infrared imager having pixels according to the invention.
[0007]FIG. 2 is an isometric view of one of the pixels of FIG. 1.
[0008]FIG. 3 is a cross section taken along the line 3-3′ of FIG. 2.
[0009]FIG. 4 is a top view of another pixel according to the invention.
[0010]FIG. 5 is a graph of the wavelength response of the pixels of FIGS. 2-4, along with representative responses of conventional pixels.
[0011]FIG. 1 is a stylized view of a representative infrared imaging detector 100 having pixels constructed according to the invention. Arrow 110 represents infrared radiation produced by a warm body and transmitted to infrared imaging optics 120 of conventional design. Package 130 has a window area 131 transparent to infrared wavelengths for transmitting radiation 110. Sealing package 130 and evacuating the atmosphere therefrom is desirable in many applications to increase sensitivity and inter-pixel isolation, and to reduce contamination and degradation.
[0012] Rectangular bolometer array 140 within package 130 is fabricated on a substrate 141 of silicon or similar material having appropriate electrical and micromachining properties. A typical array measures about 5-15 mm on a side. In many applications, such as night-vision imagers, array 140 operates at ambient temperatures, e.g., in the approximate range of −40� C. to +100� C. It is possible, however, to operate the array at much lower temperatures, e.g., below about 2K to 20K, either by cooling the array or by operating it in an environment such as space. Row and column wiring 142 reads out the electrical signals representing the temperature of each individual pixel such as 200, and may also introduce scanning signals for time-multiplexing the pixel signals.
[0013] Detector 150 performs conventional functions such as integrating, amplifying and demultiplexing the pixel signals. Unit 160 receives the processed signals and presents a visible image to a viewer. In other embodiments, unit 150 might be replaced or augmented by a recorder or other device for storing signals representing one or more successive images, or for other processing of the signals. Therefore, the term "display" should be taken in a broad sense. Scan generator 170 can be included for multiplexing the pixel signals and/or for controlling the display or processing of images on unit 160. System 100 represents an example environment for the present invention; others are possible.
[0014]FIG. 2 details one of the bolometer pixels 200 constructed on substrate 141 of array 140, FIG. 1. FIG. 3 shows a cross section along line 3-3′ of FIG. 2; for simplicity of exposition, only the components in the plane of line 3-3′ are shown. Such pixels are sometimes called microbolometers. Their small size, typically about 50 um square or less, gives a fast response time suitable for use in focal-plane imaging arrays of 120�160 pixels or more, for producing images in real time at frame rates up to 30/sec. An entire array of pixels is generally fabricated in situ by micromachining a wafer of silicon or other suitable material. Sacrificial layers allow material to be undercut where desired.
[0015] Platform 210 absorbs incident infrared radiation 110, producing a temperature change that can be sensed. (In the technology, the term "pixel" is sometimes applied to this platform alone; this usage will be abjured herein.) Platform 210 is thermally isolated as much as possible from substrate 141 and from adjacent pixels. Central area or body 211 has a substantially rectangular shape so that pixels can be tiled closely together in array 140. Because this consideration dominates platform shape, the term "rectangular" must be taken in a broad sense as including other shapes that can substantially tile a plane, such as squares, parallelograms, trapezoids, and even hexagons. Platform 210 also includes arms 212 that are as long and thin as practicable for mechanical support, so as to increase thermal isolation of central body 211 from substrate 141 and from adjacent pixels. The arms are folded so as to allow adjacent pixels to be spaced more closely together, improving the fill factor of the array.
[0016] The central body of a bolometer must contain an absorber, because its primary operational function is to produce a temperature change that can be detected. Central body 211 comprises two separate layers, a lower layer 211A and an upper layer 211B. Layer 211B, shown partially broken away in FIG. 2, is silicon dioxide, and can be about 0.2 um thick. Silicon dioxide is preferred because of its very low conductivity, and low refraction index (n≈1.5). Lower layer 211A is less critical; it can be a layer of silicon dioxide or silicon nitride, on the order of 0.1 um thick. Central body 211 has a very small overall thickness, less than about 0.5 um, with a preferred thickness of about 0.3 um, or less if permitted by the technology. The use of such a thin absorber platform improves efficiency by presenting a large relative area to the incident radiation, while shortening response time for real-time imaging through a small total volume and mass. However, although silicon dioxide (and silicon nitride as well) is a good absorber, this thinness decreases the capacity of the platform to absorb radiation. Fabricating a metal layer 213 below layer 211A, i.e., on the lower surface of platform 210, restores this capacity without adding appreciable thickness—that is, while maintaining the advantages of a thin platform. Metal layer 213 has a further advantage in that metals have broad-band absorption characteristics. Thickness of this layer depends upon the particular metal employed; for nickel-chromium (Ni:Cr, Nichrome), a thickness of about 100 Å has suitable properties, and adds only a few percent to the total platform thickness. It has been observed that the thermal properties of such a metal layer can be characterized for the present purpose by its electrical sheet resistance; a film of about 360�200 Ω/square is preferred. The absorption in central body 211 in fact occurs principally in this layer located on the bottom of the body. (Detector material 222, described below, generally has negligible absorption.)
[0017] A fraction of the incident radiation passes through platform 210 to substrate 141, even in the presence of metal layer 213. A reflective metal layer 214, typically a 500 Å film of Ni:Cr, is formed on top of substrate 141 to reflect as much as possible of this fraction back into central body 211. Most of the reflected heat is then absorbed, thus increasing the overall efficiency of the pixel. Absorption is enhanced by placing metal layer 213 on the lower side of platform 210, directly facing reflector 214.
[0018] Proper spacing of platform 210 from the substrate further enhances pixel efficiency by increasing absorption over a desired wavelength band. If the gap 215 from platform to substrate (actually, to reflector 214) has a depth selected with respect to the wavelengths of interest, radiation within that band resonates in the gap so as to enhance absorption within body 211 of the radiation reflected from layer 214. In an example detector having a desired band of 8 um to 12 um, gap 215 has a depth in the range 1.8�0.3 um. In another example, different wavelength bands might employ a gap in the range 0.8-2.5 um.
[0019] Pillars 216 at two opposite comers of pixel 200 provide mechanical support for platform 210 by means of arms 212.
[0020] Resistor 220, sometimes called the detector of a bolometer, is formed on platform 210, so that infrared absorbed by platform 210 heats the resistor and changes its resistance in proportion to its temperature. Resistor 220 has a high rate of change of resistance with temperature (temperature coefficient) so as to maximize the signal change for differing brightness of the incident radiation. Temperature coefficient depends upon the material employed; vanadium oxide has suitable properties. Total resistance depends upon both the material and the shape of the resistor. Resistor body 221 has a rectangular shape matching that of platform body 211, to realize a lower overall resistance value and to expose as much as possible of its bulk to the temperature of platform body 211 for good thermal contact. Suitably low resistance produces sufficiently large readout current with voltages low enough not to damage the thin structures or to require high-voltage CMOS circuitry. Also, low resistance leads to large resistor volume, which lowers the density of 1/f noise in the resistor. This shape also permits the desired low resistance with a thinner layer, so as to enhance its optical properties. That is, because the resistor material does not appreciably absorb infrared, it should be as transparent as possible, so that the remainder of platform body 210 can absorb the incident radiation as efficiently as possible. For thicknesses in the range of 50 nm to 100 nm, mixed vanadium oxides (VOX) have a sheet resistance of about 50-400 kΩ/square, and the total resistance of resistor body 221 is in the same range, with the particular embodiment of FIG. 3 having a resistance of about 100 kΩ.
[0021] Resistor arms 222 follow the shape of platform arms 212. Contacts 223 and 224 connect resistor 220 to conductors 230 at the proper times. In this embodiment, contact 231 couples one end of resistor 220 continuously to a supply voltage. Contact 224 at the other end couples to an FET (not shown) formed in substrate 141 and also coupled to address line 233. As each row of pixels of array 140 is sequentially addressed by a voltage on conductor 233, all FETs in the row turn on, connecting signal line 234 to all resistors 220 in that row. A current determined by the temperature of each resistor in that row flows through signal conductor 234 to detection circuits 150, FIG. 1, which can also be formed in substrate 141, along with pixels 200.
[0022]FIG. 4 is a top view of another pixel embodiment 400. Pixel 400 shares the features and characteristics of pixel 200 except as noted.
[0023] In an imaging array such as 140, it is important to maximize the fill factor of the array. That is, the area of the absorber platforms should occupy as much of the total pixel area as possible. Absorbing as much as possible of the incident radiation makes the array more sensitive. To this purpose, opposite comers of platform body 411 have been cut away to accommodate the necessary dimensions of pillars. While the shape of platform body 411 remains substantially rectangular, the fill factor of the array is thereby increased without significantly reducing the total area of each pixel's absorbing surface.416. Some technologies permit buried pillars, allowing an even higher fill factor.
[0024] Resistor 420 has a configuration that enhances the above-mentioned desirable properties for resistor 220. The long thin configuration of arms 222 gives them an undesirably high resistance. However, arms 422 are fabricated of a metal or other lower-resistivity material, such as nickel chromium (Ni:Cr), because the arms need not possess either a high resistivity or any temperature dependence. To maintain low total resistance despite the high-resistivity material of the resistor body, the low-resistivity material of arms 422 is extended onto platform body 411 to form resistor contacts 423 along opposite sides of resistor body 421. If two of the opposite sides are longer than the others, as is the case in FIG. 4, placing contacts 423 along the longest opposite sides minimizes the total resistance of body 421. Configuring resistor body as a single continuous sheet then minimizes its total resistance for a given resistor material.
[0025]FIG. 5 is a graph 500 depicting the relative response 510 of a bolometer pixel as shown in FIGS. 2-4 over a wide range of infrared wavelengths. Graph 500 is calibrated in terms of electrical output signal relative to the maximum output over the wavelengths from 6 um to about 18 um. Wavelengths useful for imaging animals and common structures in the environment range from the visible to the far infrared. Thus, the wider the bandwidth of an infrared detector, the more faithful the image will be.
[0026] Curve 510 demonstrates that pixel 200 has a relative response >96% over a reference band of 8-12 um, where thermal radiation (≈300K) peaks. Its useful response remains >90% from 7 um to greater than 18 um. Variation over the entire range is low, and response drops smoothly toward the short wavelengths. Response at wavelengths larger than 20 um is generally not a problem. Adjusting the size of gap 215 can emphasize response at different wavelengths, if desired.
[0027] Curve 520 represents a baseline pixel having a silicon nitride platform of conventional thickness, about 0.8 um. This pixel has a response restricted to the conventional wavelength range of 8-12 um, where it has 78% absorptance. Response falls off precipitously below Sum, peaks sharply, and then varies widely beyond 12 um. Curve 530 shows a pixel having a smaller thickness than the baseline pixel, but otherwise similar to it. Its absorptance is better, but falls off more sharply at the 8 um end of the band, and still peaks sharply. Curve 540 illustrates the response of a thin pixel having a silicon-nitride platform body and a 500 -ohm bottom absorber. Absorptance has increased to 92% over the same band, and extends farther toward the shorter wavelengths. Significant peaks still exist, however.
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Aug 19, 2005
|Nov 13, 2007
|Commissariat A L'energie Atomique
|Thermal electromagnetic radiation detector comprising an absorbent membrane fixed in suspension
|Jan 7, 2009
|Nov 30, 2010
|Robert Bosch Gmbh
|Electromagnetic radiation sensor and method of manufacture
|Apr 2, 2009
|Apr 23, 2013
|Diehl Bgt Defence Gmbh & Co. Kg
|Image sensor system
|Nov 7, 2012
|Sep 1, 2015
|Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.
|Infrared detectors
|Aug 19, 2005
|Mar 16, 2006
|Commissariat A I'energie Atomique
|Thermal electromagnetic radiation detector comprising an absorbent membrane fixed in suspension
|Apr 2, 2009
|Oct 8, 2009
|Diehl Bgt Defence Gmbh & Co. Kg
|Image Sensor System
|Dec 3, 2012
|Jun 5, 2014
|Analog Devices, Inc.
|Photonic sensor and a method of manufacturing such a sensor
|Jul 10, 2007
|Jan 22, 2009
|Institut F�r Photonische Technologien E.V.
|Jul 10, 2007
|Nov 26, 2009
|Institut F�r Photonische Technologien E.V.
|U.S. Classification
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Mar 15, 2001
|Feb 20, 2007
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|Feb 18, 2011
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 8
|Feb 25, 2015
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 12


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Stand up straight with feet flat on the floor, arms relaxed at sides. For accuracy, measure over undergarments & keep the tape measure parallel to the floor.
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Slenderizing Tech Stretch pants by Alia feature pull-on styling and faux front pockets for a no-bulge style. Easy care fabric with stretch make these pants a favorite for casual wear.
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The Rebels used a four-run seventh inning to pull away from No. 19 Vanderbilt Thursday and No. 10 Ole Miss advanced at the SEC Tournament with a 7-2 win.
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recommended by Barb M., Keyboard and Folk Music Specialist "Classical Guitar, Christmas Sheet Music" is… read moreOctober 12th
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recommended by Barb M., Keyboard and Folk Music Specialist "Classical Guitar, Christmas Sheet Music" is a recent release.… read more
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I have a friend who I've known for three years. We're both high school freshman, but now I go to private school while she goes to public. Last year she got involved with the wrong people and did drugs a couple of times, but stopped around July.
I'm really worried about her. I don't want her to end up with an STD, a kid, or a broken heart. I don't know what to say to her, but I want to say something to get her to realize what she's doing. Please help!
It's totally understandable that you're worried about your friend. I mean really, what gal wants to see her pal get hurt? I get really worried about my BFF when she gets into potentially bad relationships, so I'm right there with you! Here are a just few tips on how I handle that tough sitch.
It may sound kinda obvious, but just listening to what your friend has to say is really important…for both of you! It'll let her know that you care while keeping you up to date on what's going on in her life. If you're worried, she'll be more likely to listen to you, too. Mutual respect is an absolute MUST in a good friendship. And who knows, maybe you'll discover things aren't as worrisome as they sounded at first.
Four years is a bit of an age gap, so it's only normal that you feel kinda nervous about it. After you listen to her updates, def take the chance to say how you feel too. Let her know that you just don't want to see her get hurt, and she'll be sure to let you put in your two cents…even if she disagrees. Talk about what exactly it is you're worried about (STDs, pregnancy, or even a broken heart). If she knows the specifics, she may think twice about what's going on.
You have the right to worry, but keep an open mind too. Remember that you could be totally wrong about this guy. You don't know him, so ask her to introduce you. Six months is a decent amount of time, so maybe he really does love her. Unfortunately, love always runs a risk of heartbreak. Just make sure that if she starts to get serious, she's safe about it.
In the end, you're not her parent. You're her friend, and pals are supposed to be there to support each other, not scold and worry…well, not too much. It's scary, but this is her life, so ultimately, she calls the final shots. All you can do is let her know how you feel, cross your fingers and be there to catch her if she falls.
You sound like a great friend, so I'm sure you'll be there to support her every bit of the way. With you there to talk to, I'm sure she'll be just fine.
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