text:
|Número de publicación
|Tipo de publicación
|Número de solicitud
|Fecha de publicación
|1 Ene 1980
|Fecha de presentación
|8 Jul 1976
|Fecha de prioridad
|14 Jul 1975
|También publicado como
|Número de publicación
|Motoaki Shintani, Yoshikazu Wada, Hideo Nakamachi, Masao Nishikawa, Akira Ouchida
|Cesionario original
|Takeda Chemical Industries, Ltd.
|Exportar cita
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Citas de patentes (2), Citada por (95), Clasificaciones (19)
|Enlaces externos: USPTO, Cesión de USPTO, Espacenet
This invention relates to a device for detecting a trace of blood or blood pigment, and more particularly to a blood leak detector suited for use coupled with artificial kidneys.
U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,647,299 and 3,847,483, and Japanese Patent Disclosure No. 49-15493 disclose oximeters taking advantage of a principle that blood absorbs light. The blood leak detector of this invention also employs the same principle. However, while oximeters measure blood in blood vessels of a portion of the human body, for example, an ear, blood leak detectors should promptly detect small traces of blood in a measurement cell if it should occur. Hence, blood leak detectors essentially differ from oximeters.
Japanese Patent Disclosure No. 48-46193 discloses a blood leak detector coupled with an artificial kidney. This prior art blood leak detector has two photo detecting elements, each provided with a filter of a separate color characteristic, and since each signal from the respective photo detecting element is DC amplified by a separate circuit system, this prior detector is apt to be unsuitable due to such factors as difference in circuit characteristic, leakage light from the outside, level drift due to temperature fluctuation and others. As a result, such a prior art blood detecting system is neither sufficiently stable nor highly sensitive.
Blood leak detectors must be capable of detecting blood of very low concentration, diluted with a great quantity of dialysis solution, because blood is naturally so precious to a patient under medical treatment utilizing artificial kidneys, that even such a small trace of blood as 5 ml cannot be overlooked. More particularly, since many dialyzers in actual use today require about 200 l of dialysis solution, blood leak detectors should be able to detect blood of a concentration smaller than 0.0025% of 5 ml if blood leak due to, for instance, the existence of a defective junction of dialysis membrane is to be detected. Besides, blood leak detectors must of course operate stably for many hours. Another shortcoming of such prior art blood leak detectors to be noted is that bubbles in dialysis solution are often taken for blood leak erroneously.
Therefore, it is an object of this invention to provide such a highly sensitive blood leak detector that not only permits prompt detection of very small traces of blood of a concentration as low as 0.001% but also operates stably over a long period of time.
It is another object of this invention to provide a blood leak detector which can accurately distinguish blood from bubbles often appearing in the cell.
A further object of this invention is to provide a blood leak detector having an alarm device which gives such an audibly distinguishable warning varying with the degree of the blood leak, thus permitting immediate sensing of the extent of danger without fear of failing to observe the meter panel even if an operator does not keep his eye upon the meter panel. Such overlooking in some cases might be fatal to a patient.
A still further object of this invention is to provide a dialysis system for artificial kidneys particularly suited for home use, in which blood supply to a dialyzer is cut off to prevent further leakage of blood when blood leak should happen, even if an operator is not at the bed side.
An even further object of this invention is to provide a blood leak detector convenient to handle whose operation and checking is made with ease, needing no sensitivity calibration based on actual use of a reference sample.
In a broader sense, it is an object of this invention to provide a circuit system for driving light-emitting elements at a constant brightness to permit a blood leak detector to operate stably.
It is a further object of this invention in a broader sense to provide a circuit system for AC amplification of an output signal of a photoelectric device to achieve stable operation of a blood leak detector.
It is still a further object of this invention to provide a measurement cell having a certain configuration which prevents bubbles from remaining therein.
The above and further objects, novel features and advantages of this invention will be apparent from the following description and claims taken in connection with the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is a vertical section of an optical portion coupled in circuit with a schematic block diagram of an electric circuit of a preferred embodiment of this invention,
FIG. 2 is a detailed block diagram of an electric circuit of a preferred embodiment of this invention,
FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram corresponding to FIG. 2,
FIG. 4 is another circuit diagram of an emission driving circuit of FIG. 2,
FIG. 5 is a time chart illustrating examples of function performed by the optical portion of FIG. 1 and the circuit diagram of FIG. 3, wherein (I) shows a normal case; (II) and (III) show the cases blood and bubbles exist in the cell, respectively. Alphabet letters in parenthesis from A to J except G and I refer to the positions where the signal is observed, respectively,
FIG. 6 is an example of a perspective view illustrating the exterior of a blood leak detector of this invention,
FIG. 7 is a circuit diagram of an alarm device in accordance with a preferred embodiment of this invention,
FIG. 8 is a waveform chart illustrating an example of the function of the circuit of FIG. 7, wherein L, M and N show different waveforms of audio alarm signals given according to the degree of blood leak, respectively,
FIG. 9 is another schematic side view of an optical portion of this invention when light flux of a wide cross-section is employed,
FIGS. 10 and 11 are schematic side views of improved measurement cells of this invention,
FIG. 12 is a schematic representation of a blood leak detector in accordance with this invention. The blood leak detector is coupled to an artificial kidney as an application thereof.
Referring to FIG. 1, there is shown a measurement cell 1 formed from a cylinder or a square pillar tubular form made of transparent material such as "Pyrex" (a registered trademark of Corning Glass Works). Cell 1 has an inlet 2 at one end thereof through which a dialysis solution to be tested is introduced into the cell and an outlet 3 at the other end thereof through which the dialysis solution, having been tested, goes out. The central main part of the cell 1 constitutes a photometric portion 20, the detail of which will be described below. At the central part of the cell 1, a holder 4 made of opaque material such as metals and rubber is mounted, both ends of which are sealed with O-ring packings 5, 6. A part of the holder 4 is bored to a load pair of composite type light-emitting diodes 7 coupled with a condensing lens. A photo diode 8 is loaded so as to measure the light emitted by the diodes 7 and transmitted through the cell. A thermistor 9 is mounted in the neighborhood of the light-emitting diodes 7. This construction is incorporated in a shielded box 10, out of which lead wires of the light-emitting diodes 7 and the thermistor 9 are connected to a cable 11. The photo diode 8 is similarly shielded in a box 12, its lead wire being drawn therefrom by a cable 13. The composite light-emitting diodes 7 comprise a first light-emitting diode D1 and a second light-emitting diode D2, each being electrically independently operated with different wavelength characteristic. The first light-emitting diode D1 emits radiation mainly at wavelengths of 520-600 nm which is involved within the absorption range of blood pigment, and the second light emitting diode D2 emits mainly at 600-750 nm, that is, at longer wavelengths than the first. The photo diode 8 has a wavelength characteristic capable of detecting the radiation from both the light-emitting diodes D1 and D2, and has dimensions smaller than the diameter of or the length transverse to the cell 1, preferably smaller than one fifth thereof. Experiments have proved that when the first and the second light-emitting diodes D1 and D2 emit radiation with peaks at 555 and 695 nm, respectively, and a measurement cell having a diameter of 8 mm are used, the photo detective area smaller than 2×2 mm2 permits easy distinguishing of the blood from bubbles. However, an area larger than 8×8 mm2 makes the discrimination therebetween difficult.
Light-emission driving means 14 alternately energizes the first and the second light-emitting diodes D1, D2, which are adjusted to emit light with the same light intensity when no blood exists in the cell. This means 14 also supplies a reference signal such as a square wave signal to a photo detector output signal detecting means 15.
The means 15 detects blood leak independently of the existence of bubbles by analyzing the information involved in the output signal waveform of the photo diode 8. When both the intensities of the light emitted by the two diodes and transmitted through the cell 1 are well balanced or in an equilibrium, the means 15 does not transmit a detecting signal to an output device which will be later described. It gives an output signal deflected in the positive direction in proportion to the extent of the blood leak if it has occurred to cause the unbalance between the intensities; the signal is at the negative direction in the case when bubbles exist in the cell, as explained hereinafter in more detail.
The output means 16 indicates the detecting signal of the photo detector output signal detecting means 15 on an indicator or the like, and operates an alarm device when the amount of blood leak exceeds a predetermined level.
The above construction thus permits distinguishing blood from bubbles for the following reasons: the amount of light at longer wavelengths incident upon the photo diode 8 is relatively reduced when fine particles such as bubbles pass through the cell since the bubbles scatter the light at longer wavelengths remarkably. On the contrary to this, the smaller amount of light at shorter wavelengths enters the photo diode 8 when blood exists in the cell since the blood absorbs mainly at shorter wavelengths. As a consequence, there is a 180 degrees phase shift between the output signals in the two cases, which can be detected by phase detection.
The details of the electric circuit means are represented in FIG. 1 as a block diagram, that is, the light-emission driving means 14, the photo detection output signal detecting means or transmitted signal detecting means 15 and the output means 16 will now be explained with reference to FIGS. 2, 3 and 4.
The light-emission driving means 14 comprises a square wave oscillator 21, a light-emission driving circuit 22, a balance adjusting circuit or portion 23, a temperature compensation circuit 24, and a sensitivity checking circuit 25. The square wave oscillator has a circuit configuration comprising an integrated circuit element IC1, external resistances R1, R2, and a condenser C1 (FIG. 3). It provides a reference signal in the form of a square wave, as illustrated in FIG. 5(A), which alternately energizes the two light-emitting diodes D1, D2, and also provides the reference square wave signal applied to the photo detection output signal detecting means 15 to detect the output signals. Usually the suitable period of the square wave for use ranges from 100 Hz to 100 KHz, which depends on the values of the resistances R1, R2 and the condenser C1. In this preferred embodiment, 700 Hz is adopted with a 1:1 duty ratio which can be varied by the values of the resistances R1, R2. In the case when there is any difference between the brightness of the two light-emitting diodes D1, D2, if a large current is supplied to the diode with less brightness in a shorter time, and in turn a small current is supplied for a longer time to the the other diode with greater brightness, then the brightness of the diode with lesser brightness increases, keeping the balance therebetween, and consequently the sensitivity increases.
A light-emission driving portion 22 which comprises transistors TR1, TR5, TR6, resistances R12 to R14, R29, R30, variable resistances VR4, VR5, and zener diodes Z1, Z2, is a circuit for alternately energizing the two light-emitting diodes D1, D2 at a constant current. When a square wave oscillator output voltage (A) is set at a high level (H level), a driving current is fed to the first light-emitting diode D1 through the resistance R13 and the transistor TR5. On the other hand, a square wave oscillator output voltage at a low level (L level) causes the transistor TR1 to conduct, and the second light-emitting diode D2 is fed with driving current via the resistances R14, R30, the variable resistance VR3, and the transistor TR6 connected to the collector circuit of the transistor TR1. Waveforms of the driving currents at the first and the second light-emitting diodes D1 and D2 are represented in FIGS. 5(B) and (C), respectively.
The balance adjusting portion 23 comprising the above mentioned variable resistance VR3 adjusts the brightness of the second diode D2 to keep the balance between the brightness of both the diodes so that the meter of the output device 16 reads zero when no blood leak is detected. The temperature compensating portion 24 comprising a heat sensitive element 9 such as a thermistor arranged in the proximity to the light-emitting diodes 7, and a variable resistance VR6, has a function to vary the base voltage of the transistor TR6 automatically with temperatures so that the brightness of the diodes 7 is kept constant.
The sensitivity checking circuit 25 is for checking the overall sensitivity of the optical and electric circuit system as well and includes a series circuit comprising a push button switch S4 and a variable resistance VR7 which are connected in parallel with the first light-emitting diode D1, and temporarily causes the amount of light to vary in proportion to a predetermined level of blood leak. This sensitivity checking function permits not only to check both the optical and electric systems in a simple operation even if they vary with time, but also to adjust the sensitivity of the systems to the initial one by a variable resistance VR8 of a phase detecting circuit 27 explained later, as the occasion arises.
The photo detector output signal detecting means 15 comprises an AC amplifier 26, a phase detecting circuit 27, and a phase detection driving circuit or square wave amplifier 28, as shown in FIG. 3. The light transmitted through the measurement cell 1 enters into the photo diode 8 and is converted into an electric signal, which is in turn supplied via a condenser C4 to an AC amplifier 26 as an input thereof. The waveform of a photo detecting output voltage after transmission through the condenser C4 is shown in FIG. 5(D). No blood leak gives no square waveform in the photo detecting voltage as is illustrated in the mode (I) in FIG. 5. When blood leak has occurred, however, blood pigment absorbs at shorter wavelengths emitted by the first light-emitting diode D1 to produce a square wave waveform on the photo detecting voltage as shown in the mode (II) in FIG. 5. Now this type of unbalance or disproportion is herein noted as a negative going waveform and called as deflection in the positive direction. On the other hand, when bubbles block the light path, the light at longer wavelenghts emitted by the second light-emitting diode D2 is more distinctively prevented from transmitting through the cell, than at shorter wavelengths, thus producing a square wave as illustrated in the mode (III) in FIG. 5, 180° out of phase with the square wave produced by light absorption by the blood pigment. This type of unbalance is called herein as a positive going waveform or deflection in the negative direction. The AC amplifier 26 is a circuit device for high-gain amplification of the AC component, comprising an integrated circuit IC2 which functions as an operational amplifier. The degree of amplification after choking the DC component with the condenser C4 is chosen by a switch S3. This AC amplifier 26 is preferably of a wide-band so as to follow closely up the high-speed modulated photo signals. An AC amplifier having a band width which varies from DC to 500 KHz is herein used. A waveform after the amplification of the AC component is shown in FIG. 5(E); the signal being then supplied to the phase detecting portion 27 via the condenser C5.
The phase detecting portion 27 comprises a low-frequency transformer T1 with a turn ratio of 1:1:1, switching transistors TR2, TR3 and others. The transistors TR2 and TR3 are caused to conduct alternately by an output voltage (F) from the square wave amplifier 28 which comprises an operational amplifier IC3 to amplify an output signal (A) of the square wave oscillator 21. Consequently, when an input signal (E) is supplied to the primary winding of the transformer T1, a phase detector output (H) of the input signal (E) referring to the square wave signal (F) appears at the middle point of the transformer T1.
The output means 16 comprises a level meter 29, a blood leak detecting level set portion 30, and an alarm portion 31. The level meter 29 is a microammeter and is connected to an output terminal of the transformer T1 through the variable resistance VR8. A smoothing condenser C7 is also connected to the output terminal of the transformer T1. FIGS. 5(G) and (H) show waveforms of the phase detector output before and after smoothing, respectively. Thus, the level meter or indicator 29 remains at its zero reading in the mode (I) and it swings in the positive and negative directions corresponding to mode (II) and (III), respectively.
The blood leak detecting level set portion 30 in FIG. 3 is a sort of potential comparison circuit which by means of an operational amplifier IC4 compares a reference input voltage which is set by a resistance R3 and a variable resistance VR1 with a voltage (H) received from the phase detecting portion 27. An output terminal voltage (J) of IC4 goes to H level when the voltage (H) exceeds the reference input voltage. Therefore the IC4 output terminal voltage (J) is at the L level in the mode (I) and (III), but at the H level only in the mode (II) when the blood pigment is detected.
The alarm portion 31 in FIG. 3 comprises a relaxation oscillation circuit or an astable multivibrator utilizing an operational amplifier IC5, a switching transistor TR4 and an alarm buzzer 32, giving a warning when the voltage (J) comes to the H level. A waveform of an output signal of the buzzer is illustrated in FIG. 5(K). The audio level of the warning is adjusted by a variable resistance VR2. Alarm buzzer 32 is operative through transistor TR4 and is connected through a power line having a switch S2, which is opened to render the alarm portion 31 inoperative when alarming is not necessary.
FIG. 4 shows a circuit diagram of a light-emission driving circuit 42 driven by a driving system with a constant voltage. The circuit 42 can be replaced by a light-emission circuit 22 driven by a constant current driving system as shown in FIG. 3. The replacement gives more stabilized luminous brightness to the diodes D1, D2 which results in higher sensitivity. When a MC-7805 CP of Motorola is chosen for the constant voltage integrated circuit devices 43 and 44, for example, they have constant voltage input terminals of about 10 volts 45 and 46, respectively, and constant voltage output terminals of 5 volts 47 and 48, respectively. The output terminal voltages are kept constant regardless of fluctuation in the input voltage and temperatures therearound. Input voltages of the constant voltage integrated circuit devices 43 and 44 are supplied from the power line (+V) via switching transistors TR9 and TR12, respectively. A square wave signal (A) is applied to transistors TR8 and a series of TR10 and TR11, respectively, to reverse the phase correspondingly. These transistors control a base current of the switching transistor TR9 or TR12. The other circuits except that above described are the same as those that are shown in FIG. 3, wherein each element is designated by like reference character. FIG. 6 shows a perspective view of the exterior of the device of this invention as an example; the housing 33 has the circuit devices therein already described by reference to FIGS. 2 and 3, and is connected through lead wires 11 and 13 to the photometric portion 20 which was described by reference to FIG. 1. The housing is also provided with a power switch 35, and an alarm switch 36 for controlling the switch S2 of the alarm portion 31, the level meter or indicator 29, a knob 37 serving as a control for the variable resistance VR8 for zero adjustment of the indicator 29, a knob 38 serving as a control for the variable resistance VR1 used for setting the alarm level, and a push button 39 to control the switch S4 for directing the sensitivity.
Table 1 shows the experimental results wherein 3 liters of sample liquids admixed therewith a predetermined amount of blood, bubbles, China ink and red ink, respectively, are tested by a detector according to this invention.
TABLE 1______________________________________ Amount Added Meter ReadingAdditive (ml) (Microammpere)______________________________________blood 0.5 +10blood 0.05 +1China ink 0.5 0bubbles -- ca.-1red ink 0.5 0______________________________________
As clearly seen, the meter reads about 10 microammperes in the positive direction when the sample contains blood as small as about 0.015%, but is deflected in the negative direction by bubbles. However, the meter scarcely swings when China or red ink is contained in the liquid. Thus, obstacles have the least influence upon the blood leak measurement. Furthermore, it has been found that the meter hardly drifts in the measurement for 48 hours under the experimental conditions. This enables one to assure the detecting limit of blood to be lower than 0.001%. When the constant current or voltage circuit portion was not directly connected to the light-emitting portion, and as the stability of the system depends merely on the stability of power line, then the meter drift reached as much as 10 microammperes in measurements for many hours, so that it was impossible to detect a low concentration of blood.
FIG. 7 illustrates a circuit diagram of an alarm device embodying this invention, which gives such a warning as varies its tone or the like with the degree of blood leak detected. Reference voltages e1, e2 and e3 of comparators OP1, OP2, and OP3, respectively, where each comparator comprises an operational amplifier, are set at separate levels by variable resistances VR11, VR12 and VR13, respectively. A phase detector output voltage e is commonly given to each comparator, each output terminal thereof being connected to relays RL1, RL2 and RL3, respectively, each relay having at least a pair of `a` contacts, a11, and a12, a21 and a22, a31 and a32, respectively. A free running multiple oscillator or an astable multivibrator 71 comprising an operational amplifier OP4 generates square waves f1 with different frequencies, such as, for example, 1.5 KHz, 1 KHz and 500 Hz, depending on which of the resistances R31, R33 and R35 is connected between the terminals 72 and 73. Similarly, a free running multiple oscillator 74 including an operational amplifier OP5 produces a long period square wave f2 alternating between the H and L levels at intervals of 0.5, 1 or 2 seconds depending upon which of the resistances R32, R34 or R36 is connected between the terminals 75 and 76. A NAND gate circuit 77 draws f1 ·f2, the logical product of f1 and f2, causing the alarm device 78 to be driven by a transistor TR7. This alarm device 78 operates in such a manner that when an input voltage e is low, the comparator OP3 works and causes the alarm device to give an undertone warning of 500 Hz at intervals of two seconds as shown in FIG. 8(L). On the other hand, a moderate input voltage over e2 works the comparator OP2 to give a medium-toned warning of 1 KHz every one second as shown in FIG. 8(M), and similarly a high input voltage over e3 in turn works the comparator OP1 to give rise to a shrill alarm of 1.5 KHz at intervals of half a second as shown in FIG. 8(N). Accordingly, the blood leak detector of this invention readily permits an operator to sense the extent of the blood leak without keeping his attention on the meter panel.
The above described alarm device utilizes a combination of an oscillation frequency varying system and an intermission period varying sound system, but it should be understood that either system can be sufficiently employed independently, and also such a system, for instance, in which two types of sounds having different frequencies are alternately given while varying the switching period thereof. It should be also understood that according to this invention the composite type light-emitting diodes 7 of the light-emitting portion can be replaced with a plurality of monochromatic diodes, each emitting at a separate wavelength. Or, filters which have the necessary wavelength characteristic can be put in front of a light-emitting element such as, for example, an incandescant bulb radiating in a broad range of wavelengths. In addition, instead of light-emitting diodes, other light-emitting elements such as lasers can be employed. Furthermore, the phase detecting driving portion can be omitted by the use of light-emitting diodes of both polarity as a light source, and the square wave generator can be replaced with a positive-negative pulse generator. In the meantime, in addition to the photo diodes previously described herein, various photo detecting elements such as photo transistors, photo tubes, CdS cells and the like can be used, of course. Such photo detecting elements, however, preferably have a response time of the order below 10-2 second, particularly below 10-3 second so as to recapitulate a reference square wave with high fidelity. It is desirable that they have limited or comparatively small photo detective areas so that the influence of scattered light is reduced. Such limitation or reduction of the photo detective areas can be achieved either by designing the elements themselves or by such means as irises.
When a light source of relatively great bulk 91 as shown in FIG. 9 and parallel light beams 92 of a large cross-section are used together having a photo detector 93 with a wide photo detective area, bubbles can still be distinguished to some extent if a Soller slit 94 is used, and if the surfaces thereof are black colored and have a spacing preferably less than 2 mm, is inserted parallel to the light path between the measurement cell 1 and the photo sensitive detecting portion 93.
According to this invention, measurement cells with an improved configuration are provided, and embodiments thereof are represented in FIGS. 10 and 11. As hereinbefore described, flowing bubbles can be accurately distinguished by the detector of this invention. However, when some of bubbles stick to the wall of the cell and block the light path, the amount of the transmitted light is decreased to lower the sensitivity of the detector. The improved measurement cells of this invention each have a wide cross-section at its dialysis solution entering portion 101, 111 usually defined by pressure and flowing amount of the solution, and the cells have a narrower cross-section at portion 102, 112 of about 1/2 to 1/3 of the cross-section of the entering portion, so that the light emmitted by the diodes pass through portions 102, 112. In other words, the measurement tube is narrowed to form a tapered portion 103, 113 at the front side at which the light path traverses the tube.
For example, when the inside diameter of the entering portion 101 or 111 and the inside diameter of the narrower portion 102 or 112 is 1.2 cm and 0.7 cm, respectively, and the flow rate is 500 ml per minute, then the dialysis solution flows at a rate of 7.35 cm a second at the wider, entering portion, and flows at a rate of 21.3 cm a second at the narrower portion. Thus, bubbles which flow into the cell are prevented from sticking to the wall of the narrower portion 102 or 112.
A schematic illustration of a blood leak detector of this invention is shown in FIG. 12 as incorporated into an artificial kidney.
A blood vessel of the human body 121 is connected to a dialyzer 122 of an artificial kidney through a switching valve means 123. The valve means 123 comprises a moving member 128 which can take a first state and a second state alternatively, the first state being a normal state where no blood leak exists and the second state being the state where blood leak has occurred. Valve means 123 also includes a fixed member 133 surrounding the member 128, and a switching member to switch over the respective state of the moving member 128. The fixed member 133 is provided with a first tube 124 for introducing blood before dialysis from the blood vessel into the dialyzer, a second tube 127 for returning the blood after dialysis to the blood vessel, a third tube 125 connected to a blood inlet of the dialyzer and a fourth tube 126 connected to a blood outlet of the dialyzer. The moving member 128 has at least two flow paths: a first flow path 129 and a second flow path 130. Thus, in the normal state where blood is normally dialyzed, the first flow path 129 interconnects the second tube 127 with the fourth tube 126 while the second flow path 130 interconnects the first tube 124 with the third tube 125. In the second state, however, which is produced by the blood leak signal, the first flow path 129 or the second path 130 interconnects the first tube 124 with the second tube 127. A rotary valve means as shown in the drawing permits switchover operation of the first state to the second by turning the moving member 90 degrees. This switchover operation can be achieved as well by a sliding switchover valve separately provided with first and second paths used in the first state, and a short path used in the second state. As previously described herein, the dialyzer 122 has the optical portion 20 detecting blood leak in the measurement cell, and the blood leak detecting device 131 gives an output signal to cause the moving member 128 to switchover from the first state to the second state. Accordingly when a blook leak should happen for one reason or another, the moving member 128 is automatically switched over so that the first tube 124, connected to the human body, and the second tube 127 are interconnected or shorted to prevent the blood from further leaking into the dialysis solution.
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|9 May 2006
|5 May 2009
|Wang Xiangyu
|Hemodialysis apparatus and methods
|16 Ene 2006
|23 Mar 2010
|Baxter International Inc.
|Access disconnection systems and methods
|20 Dic 2006
|6 Jul 2010
|Gambro Lundia Ab
|Apparatus and method of monitoring a vascular access of a patient subjected to an extracorporeal blood treatment
|18 May 2005
|14 Sep 2010
|Gambro Lundia Ab
|Apparatus for controlling blood flow in an extracorporeal circuit
|18 Nov 2004
|19 Oct 2010
|Gambro Lundia Ab
|Method, apparatus and software program for measurement of a parameter relating to a heart-lung system of a mammal
|10 Dic 2004
|23 Nov 2010
|Gambro Lundia Ab
|Switching device and apparatus for controlling flow of a fluid
|6 Mar 2009
|1 Mar 2011
|Gambro Lundia Ab
|Method and apparatus for calculating fluid flow rate
|27 Ago 2009
|7 Jun 2011
|Gambro Lundia Ab
|Method and apparatus for detecting access recirculation
|25 Ene 2006
|14 Jun 2011
|Baxter International Inc.
|Access disconnection systems and methods
|26 Jun 2007
|8 Nov 2011
|Fresenius Medical Care Deutschland Gmbh
|Spectroscopic detector and method for determining the presence of blood and biological marker substances in liquids
|25 Jul 2008
|14 Feb 2012
|Baxter International Inc.
|Electromagnetic induction access disconnect sensor
|19 Mar 2010
|20 Mar 2012
|Baxter International Inc.
|Access disconnection systems and methods using conductive contacts
|9 Feb 2007
|10 Abr 2012
|Baxter International Inc.
|Acoustic access disconnection systems and methods
|21 Sep 2007
|29 May 2012
|Baxter International, Inc.
|Access disconnect system with optical and other sensors
|23 Sep 2011
|18 Sep 2012
|Fresenius Medical Care Deutschland Gmbh
|Spectroscopic detector and method for determining the presence of blood and biological marker substances in liquids
|9 Feb 2007
|19 Feb 2013
|Baxter International Inc.
|Optical access disconnection systems and methods
|9 Jun 2011
|10 Sep 2013
|Baxter International Inc.
|Systems and methods for dialysis access disconnection
|20 Feb 2012
|10 Dic 2013
|Baxter International Inc.
|Ultrasound access disconnection systems and methods
|27 Feb 2012
|17 Dic 2013
|Nxstage Medical, Inc.
|Method and apparatus for machine error detection by combining multiple sensor inputs
|4 Ene 2012
|21 Ene 2014
|Baxter International Inc.
|Electromagnetic induction access disconnect systems
|18 Jun 2013
|4 Feb 2014
|Nxstage Medical, Inc.
|Method and apparatus for machine error detection by combining multiple sensor inputs
|5 Mar 2012
|29 Abr 2014
|Baxter International Inc.
|Access disconnection systems using conductive contacts
|31 Jul 2010
|3 Jun 2014
|Fresenius Medical Care Deutschland Gmbh
|Device and method for detecting blood or blood constituents in the liquid system of a device for extracorporeal blood treatment
|6 Mar 2012
|5 Ago 2014
|Baxter International Inc.
|Acoustic access disconnection systems and methods
|10 Dic 2012
|12 Ago 2014
|Baxter International Inc.
|Access disconnection systems with arterial and venous line conductive pathway
|20 Feb 2012
|30 Dic 2014
|Baxter International Inc.
|Acoustic access disconnection systems and methods
|30 Jun 2011
|30 Dic 2014
|Baxter International Inc.
|Conductive polymer materials and applications thereof including monitoring and providing effective therapy
|17 Sep 2010
|26 May 2015
|Baxter International Inc.
|Dialysis system with enhanced features
|16 Jul 2014
|28 Jul 2015
|Baxter International Inc.
|Acoustic access disconnection systems and methods
|4 Dic 2013
|22 Sep 2015
|Baxter International Inc.
|Acoustic access disconnection systems and methods
|1 Abr 2008
|22 Sep 2015
|Gambro Lundia Ab
|Apparatus and a method for monitoring a vascular access
|9 Dic 2003
|17 Jun 2004
|Steuer Robert R.
|Sensor for transcutaneous measurement of vascular access blood flow
|9 Dic 2003
|17 Jun 2004
|Steuer Robert R.
|Sensor for transcutaneous measurement of vascular access blood flow
|9 Dic 2003
|24 Jun 2004
|Steuer Robert R.
|Sensor for transcutaneous measurement of vascular access blood flow
|27 Feb 2004
|2 Sep 2004
|Gambro Lundia Ab
|Switch valve for an extracorporeal blood circuit and circuit including such a switch valve
|28 Ene 2004
|23 Sep 2004
|Gambro Dasco S.P.A.
|Apparatus and method for monitoring a vascular access of a patient subjected to an extracorporeal blood treatment
|28 May 2004
|4 Nov 2004
|Steuer Robert R
|Method of measuring transcutaneous access blood flow
|8 Jul 2002
|2 Dic 2004
|Brugger James M.
|Method and apparatus for leak detection in a fluid line
|10 Dic 2004
|16 Jun 2005
|Gambro Lundia Ab.
|Switching device and apparatus for controlling flow of a fluid
|18 Nov 2004
|7 Jul 2005
|Sternby Jan P.
|Method, apparatus and software program for measurement of a parameter relating to a heart-lung system of a mammal
|13 Abr 2005
|18 Ago 2005
|Transonic Systems, Inc.
|Measurement of a blood flow rate in hemodialysis shunts
|5 Mar 2003
|12 Ene 2006
|Centre National De La Recherche Scientifique (Cnrs)
|Dna demethylase antisense and chemotherapy combination
|16 Ene 2006
|1 Jun 2006
|James Han
|Access disconnection systems and methods
|31 Jul 2010
|5 Jul 2012
|Itka Bado
|Device and method for detecting blood or blood constituents in the liquid system of a device for extracorporeal blood treatment
|24 May 2012
|14 Feb 2013
|Deka Products Limited Partnership
|Blood treatment systems and methods
|25 Jul 2012
|29 Jul 2015
|4 Ago 2009
|10 Feb 2011
|Fresenius Medical Care Deutschland Gmbh
|Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Erkennung von Blut oder Blutbestandteilen im Flüssigkeitssystem einer Vorrichtung zur extrakorporalen Blutbehandlung
|31 Mar 1999
|1 Dic 1999
|BELLCO S.p.A.
|Haemodialysis machine
|2 Jul 2007
|9 Ene 2008
|Novineon Healthcare Technology Partners Gmbh
|Device for detecting bleeding
|Clasificación de EE.UU.
|210/85, 210/96.2, 356/39, 604/245, 604/31, 210/321.6
|Clasificación internacional
|Clasificación cooperativa
|Clasificación europea


text:
Election 2015
- U.S. citizen in Yukon turns up on federal voters list
- NHL defenceman's court case draws protesters
- CBC introduces bullying helpline for staff in wake of Jian Ghomeshi scandal
- Police arrest man wearing Confederate flag mask in apparent niqab protest
- Zunera Ishaq — the woman who fought to overturn niqab ban — took citizenship oath wearing one
Weekend Reads
- On her 19th birthday, Carly Fraser aged out of B.C.'s foster care system. Within 21 hours, she was dead
- Wars the world over leave many PTSD at home and abroad
- Russia's other war in Eastern Europe
- Why police could seize a college student's life savings without charging him for a crime
- The New York Times - Between Borders: American Migrant Crisis
- Peter Sellers tried to trade Ferrari for Ryan O'Neal's wife
- Ellen Pompeo: Daniel Craig 'needs a reality check' after Bond comments
- John Goodman reveals dramatic weight loss -- See the photo!
- Jenna Dewan-Tatum shares makeup free, topless photo taken by Husband Channing
- Cindy Crawford has raunchier dressing room personality
- Rangers defeat Blue Jays in Game 2 of ALDS, take 2-0 series lead
- Blue Jays' Cecil suffers significant tear in his calf
- A decade of No. 1 overall picks: Is McDavid really The Next Great One?
- Aaron Ward arrested on charge of assault on a female
- Report: Kings, Richards reach settlement in contract dispute

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Rob Banks' Top 25 Darius Rucker Songs: #7 — 'Get Out Of My Mind'
This song, my friend and I would jam to all the time a few summers ago. It holds fort at lucky #7 on the list.
This song, my friend and I would jam to all the time a few summers ago. It holds fort at lucky #7 on the list.
#8: "This"
Just found out that there are less than 1,000 tickets left for the Taste Of Country. They're going to sell out, so make sure you GRAB YOUR TICKET NOW. There's going to be nothing better on June 14 than drinking a cold beer with your friends, listening to some live music.
After several energetic performances at the 2013 CMT Music Awards, Darius Rucker brought the crowd to their feet once again with a no-holds-barred rendition of 'Wagon Wheel.'
I cannot believe it went by this quick. We are under 10 days away until the big show. Only two more Fridays to go!
#9: "Old Man + Me"
It's not a slow song, but Darius sings:
Seen a million places / Seen a million faces die / Well, I wonder, who will walk with me / When I get to Heaven
and I guarantee you it gets stuck in your head...
#10: "One Love"
One Love is one of those songs I could listen to on repeat for about three days and not get sick of it.
Eleven days left!! There's not too many tickets left, so if you have not grabbed your Taste Of Country ticket yet, make sure you grab it now!
#12: "Running From An Angel"
It's of course off Cracked Rear View from Hootie + The Blowfish. The song even kind of has a little country feel to it, with some guitar solos and violin in there...
We are under two weeks to go until the Taste Of Country!!
Two weeks left until the Taste Of Country!!! Not too many tickets are left, so make sure you get yours right now.
#15: "I Hope That I Don't Fall In Love With You"
#16: "Radio"
Blake Shelton's friends are turning out in droves to support the 'Healing in the Heartland: Relief Benefit Concert' that the singer has organized for his home state of Oklahoma. The town of Moore, Oklahoma was ravaged by a tornado last Monday (May 20).


text:
How To: Stream To Twitch TV With FFsplit And AmaRecTV (Including Skype Call)
What do you think about this video?
ZerueLX11: When using FFsplit 7 Build 26 I cannot find the AmarecTV Audio Mixer option in the Capture play back selection drop down. Any solutions?
Bunny: how to add a follow alert on ffsplit ?
Francisco Soto: Is it possible to stream with a windows xp if so plz tell me which program would go smooth for it plz Iv been searching for weeks now
KoKuTanLuFi: Is it possible to steam and capture in media express at the sametime?
Darius Neacappo: What do u need and how do I do it?
Devoñ Rivera: add me as a friend on ps3 PLEASE my name is Devon_Rivera
Devoñ Rivera: what do I need to get to connect the ps3 to the pc
Christopher Ortiz: how do you connect your ps3 to the pc?
MCPCHelp: decklink is his ps3 capture card so use ffsorce
iCrotchify: iNvRG Quad-Core is for streaming 720p you can use Dual-Core, but only for 480p and below
sm gamin: dude ?? lol? wat the heck stfu
TaintedHeadphones: acid reflux is a pain in the ass ugh i feel your pain.
iNvRG: Nope. El gato and the PVR both don't allow other programs to take control of the device. You need a device that supports directshow. El Gato though has a built in stream option I think?
t0lkien1: Ah ok.... by the way - and this is more a question than a statement - from what I can learn there is no real benefit to using a capture card when playing and streaming from one PC. I bought an Avermedia LGP to do just that on my laptop but it's actually more efficient to just use OBS and let the CPU crunch the steam. Counter-intuitive, but there you. WTS one LGP capture card :(
iNvRG: So that I can combined my skype calls with my stream.
t0lkien1: Why are you going through both AmarecTV and FFSplit. They both do the same thing don't they?
Naomi Lastname: It's much easier to just use Justin.tv
Naomi Lastname: Why do I need AmeRacTv? I don't understand the point of that.
BraydonTheZombi Or BEEPdude: can it work with hdmi
XeonChambies: Amarec does NOT work with hd pvr 2 :(
How To: Stream to Twitch TV with FFsplit and AmaRecTV (Including Skype Call) 5 out of 5


text:
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Skip to main content
The Passenger Innovation Awards aims to ignite new ideas in the passenger world.
Why closing gaps in the Tokyo Convention will be a deterrent to unruly passenger behavior.
The trusted source to prepare and document dangerous shipments in compliance with international regulations.
Gain strategic insights on trends and opportunities with customized global passenger flow data.
We're adding new IATA training centers, partner locations and distance learning options to bring our training closer to you.
Join us on 20-22 October in Hamburg & meet high level industry professionals to discuss industry transformation.
Tony Tyler's address to the 1000 delegates from industry and media who gathered in Miami 7-9 June for IATA's 71st AGM
This easy-to-understand source serves as a key industry reference. Published in English, it benefits airlines, airports and ground handling service providers with its comprehensive treatment of the acceptance handling and security to baggage.The manual includes the following useful information:
© International Air Transport Association (IATA) 2015. All rights reserved.


text:
Last summer, Verizon users who wanted an LTE-capable flagship had a stark choice: Samsung's Galaxy S III, or the Droid Incredible 4G LTE. When we reviewed the latter handset, we found it comfortable in the hand, with a pretty display, but lamented the fact that the carrier insisted upon its own variant, rather than sticking with the beloved One X. But did those Big Red-enforced tweaks ruin this handset for you? Here's the moment to share your experiences with this device, tell us what you loved, loathed and, if someone was listening, what would you change?
Update: Perhaps we had Motorola on the brain, but of course the Droid Incredible 4G LTE is made by HTC. Thanks to everyone who pointed it out!
*Verizon has acquired AOL, Engadget's parent company. However, Engadget maintains full editorial control, and Verizon will have to pry it from our cold, dead hands.
- Key specs
- Reviews • 5
- Prices
- Discussions
- Type Smartphone
- Operating system Android (Ice Cream Sandwich [4.0])
- Screen size 4 inches
- Internal memory 8 GB
- Camera 8 megapixels
- Carriers (US) Verizon / Alltel
- Dimensions 4.8 x 2.4 x 0.46 in
- Weight 4.66 oz


text:
A report from Ara Labs points to a novel form of DNS hijacking that's been found in the wild. Instead of directing users to fake sites, the DNS spoofing attack hijacks Google Analytics to inject fake advertising.
BitWhisper could snatch data from secure computer networks by monitoring heat output with a second, unassuming computer.
A new report has detailed the EquationDrug espionage platform — one of the most sophisticated and capable malware command, control, and distribution software suites ever discovered.
A new security patch update from Microsoft closes security holes that the company left five years ago from Stuxnet. We've all been insecure this entire time.
Do you have Java installed on your Mac? Well, you might want to rethink that decision, thanks to adware bundled with the latest Mac OS X installer from Oracle.
A new version of uTorrent reportedly installs adware without informing people, but an investigation of the actual client reveals that silent installation is the least of its problems.
A new flaw in Apple's EFI firmware allows attackers to load a bootkit malware that can't be removed, bypassed, or blocked, save by physically swapping components in the system — and it takes minutes and minimal intervention to run.
North Korea was indeed responsible for the massive hack on Sony Pictures, according to officials from within the US government. The problem is, there is very little evidence that North Korea was actually behind the attack — which makes me wonder, a) Why is the US government fingering North Korea? and b) If it wasn't North Korea, who hacked Sony Pictures?
A new form of Trojan has been detected in the wild, and it's one of the most capable and stealthy programs ever detected. Symantec details the new Regin malware — and its likely ties to national governments.
There's a new and particularly clever piece of malware in town called WireLurker, and rather unusually it targets iOS and OS X. Even more remarkably, WireLurker is surprisingly virulent, possibly already infecting hundreds of thousands of iOS and OS X users. While OS X malware isn't that rare, it's almost unheard of for iOS to be susceptible to such attacks — and no, even if your device isn't jailbroken, you can still be infected.
Subscribe Today to get the latest ExtremeTech news delivered right to your inbox.


text:
ACLU demands info on government telepathy efforts
The American Civil Liberties Union has asked intelligence agencies to release all information on plans to use brain scanning during interrogations of suspected terrorists.
The watchdog group said it fears that the government might employ neuroimaging as a lie detector. The most likely tool is Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI), which observes changes in blood flow to the brain when a person performs an activity, such as answering a question.
The ACLU filed a Freedom of Information Act request last month asking the Pentagon, National Security Agency, CIA, FBI and Homeland Security Department for all records on the use of fMRI and "other scanning or measurement technologies of the brain that seek to detect truth, deception, guilty knowledge, accurate recollection or recognition, or to otherwise assist in or support interrogation or to identify individuals for follow-up questioning."
According to ACLU's public statement, scientific research has not substantiated the use of fMRI as a reliable mind reader.
"These brain-scanning technologies are far from ready for forensic uses and, if deployed, will inevitably be misused and misunderstood," said Barry Steinhardt, director of the ACLU's Technology and Liberty Program. "What we don't want is to open our newspapers and find that another innocent person has been thrown into Guantánamo because interrogators have jumped to conclusions based on a technology no one understands very well."
He added, "We do not want to see our government yet again deploying a potentially momentous technology unilaterally and in secret, before Americans have had a chance to figure out how it fits in with our values as a nation."
Employee union gets talk radio show — no interest from XM or Sirius yet
The American Federation of Government Employees (AFGE) launched a weekly, one-hour program June 30 called "Inside Government." The first show featured AFGE National President John Gage and guest Del. Eleanor Holmes Norton (D-D.C.).
The series focuses on workforce issues such as retirement, homeland security and privatization.
Gage is the show's creator and executive producer. Future segments will include interviews with other political leaders, journalists, AFGE members, AFL-CIO leaders and celebrities.
The shows air Fridays at 10 a.m. EDT on www.federalnewsradio.com (1050 AM in the Washington, D.C., area). It is also distributed to radio stations nationwide.
If you tune in July 14, you can hear Witold Skwierczynski, president of AFGE's National Council of Social Security Administration Field Operations Locals.
NASA testing human immune system — with fruit flies
NASA sent up thousands of fruit flies in space shuttle Discovery last week so researchers can study the effect of space flight on the human immune system. Scientists already know that space travel affects astronauts' genes and immune systems, but NASA's concern is that their immune systems could become suppressed in space and certain bacteria might become toxic in space — creating a dangerous combination.
The purpose of the fruit fly study is to assess space flight's threat to human health. Flies placed onboard before the launch will produce a second generation in space. The space-bred flies will have matured from embryo to larva to adult under microgravity conditions.
Scientists will compare the fruit flies grown in space with a genetically equivalent control group bred in a NASA lab. External conditions for both groups will be identical, except for exposure to radiation and microgravity.
When the astroflies descend back to Earth, scientists will mix both sets of cousins with bacteria to compare their immune system responses.
Bethesda AFCEA chapter regales its own with annual awards
Chapter members honored last month include:
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Meet 100 women and men who are doing great things in federal IT.
Click here for the full list
The outgoing speaker helped push forward data and transparency measures that have opened up the House of Representatives to the American people.
The Census Bureau announced plans to fold in new technology and third party data into its 2020 population count, but questions remain about the viability of the Bureau's enterprise IT.
A technology roadmap can help agencies reap the benefits FITARA has to offer. Here are the four stages of a successful effort.
In the newest Federal Employee Viewpoint Survey, feds show they're feeling better than they have over the past few years – but there's still room for improvement, especially in mission-critical IT.
The General Services Administration's Enterprise Infrastructure Solutions contract will anchor the agency's NS 2020 telecommunications strategy.
House and Senate both approve a measure to maintain funding at fiscal 2015 levels through Dec. 11.
The aviation regulator missed a Congressional deadline to develop rules of the sky-ways for drones.
Agency heads, acquisition officers and even CIOs don't need to be hard-core techies. FCW's four-part look at the expertise that's really required to make federal IT run.
FCW recognizes 14 individuals having an outsized impact early in their careers.
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VIDEO: JIMMY KIMMEL AFTER THE OSCARS Highlights Reel
|Related Links
|NBC's BEST TIME EVER Ranks as #2 in Time Slot
October 07, 2015
|Scoop: JIMMY KIMMEL LIVE on ABC - Week of October 5, 2015
October 02, 2015
|Season 3 Premiere of NBC's THE BLACKLIST Grows +13% Over Last Season's Finale
October 02, 2015
|NBC's TONIGHT SHOW Outperforms 'Late Show' in 18-49 and Total Viewers
October 01, 2015
The 8th annual "Jimmy Kimmel Live: After the Oscars" special featuring Channing Tatum and Academy Award winner Jamie Foxx, aired on Sunday, February 24. This year's show marked "JKL's" most-watched post-Oscar telecast in the franchise's history. Below, check out highlights from the broadcast!
Jimmy Kimmel serves as host and executive producer of Emmy Award-nominated "Jimmy Kimmel Live," the ABC Television Network's late-night talk show. Now in its tenth season, "JKL" is packed with hilarious comedy bits and features a diverse lineup of guests including celebrities, athletes, musicians, comedians and humorous human interest subjects. Every night Kimmel delivers his up-to-the minute take on the latest news and pop culture topics from the day's events in his monologue, and has recently welcomed such notables as Johnny Depp, Meryl Streep, Tom Cruise, Robert Pattinson, Katy Perry, Will Farrell, Scarlett Johansson, Channing Tatum, Charlize Theron, John Krasinski, Jennifer Garner, Jessica Biel, Justin Bieber, Jessica Simpson, Kate Beckinsale, Ben Stiller, Jonah Hill, Andy Samberg, Michelle Williams, Zac Efron, Charlie Sheen, Chris Pine, Jeremy Renner, Jada Pinkett Smith, Josh Brolin, Russell Brand, Woody Harrelson and Joseph Gordon-Levitt.
"Jimmy Kimmel Live" broadcasts from Disney's El Capitan Theater, located on Hollywood Boulevard in the heart of L.A.'s star-studded Walk of Fame. Kimmel showcases this illustrious location's unique character throughout his show by regularly interacting with the local "Super Heroes" parading along the boulevard and challenging passersby to participate in various comedy bits. He has also created many one-of-a-kind concert experiences, closing down Hollywood streets around his studio to hold musical block party events with artists such as Coldplay, Lady Gaga, Jay-Z and Depeche Mode, as well as special outdoor and lobby performances by Adele, Linkin Park, Justin Timberlake, Drake, Tony Bennett, Pitbull, Britney Spears, Lady Antebellum, Usher, Lenny
About Author
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- ABC Family Keeps Fetch Alive by Celebrating National Mean Girls Day, Today
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- VIDEO: Lena Dunham Tells ELLEN She's Not Yet Ready for Marriage!
- VIDEO: Jessica Biel Shares 'Having A Baby Makes Me Thankful'


text:
Hello. I am not at GDC, but I am at my desk with my lips on the RPS post horn, and I'm prepared to blow. My first honk on the Grand Parper of Postage today concerns my first few moments in BioShock Infinite. All those intro videos, that squeezed FOV, and an overly sensitive mouse . I'm used to having to drop out of games so I can go INI file wrestling, and Levine's latest is no exception. I've been forum lurking and come up with a few fixes for the most common issues.
Read the rest of this entry »
Posts Tagged 'BioShock Infinite'
BioShock Infinite: A Few Essential Tweaks
RPS Feature Another World
Ten Intrigues I Didn't Mention About BioShock Infinite
4500 words, and I still feel I didn't get anywhere near close to covering everthing I wanted to about BioShock: Infinite – that I made lengthy generalisations but not enough specification of the smaller, or at least subtler, details and events of a game which consistently barrages the player with imagery and ideas. Here are a few I missed, just to get them off my chest. Could maybe, possibly be said to contain some minor spoilers, depending on how absolute you are about these sorts of things.
Read the rest of this entry »
RPS Feature There we were, now here we are
Wot I Think – BioShock: Infinite
BioShock: Infinite is a new first-person shooter from Irrational, creators of BioShock, System Shock 2 and SWAT 4. It's set on a flying city in 1912, where racism and religious fundamentalism dictate society. You're up there, wielding guns and magic, to bring someone the girl and wipe away the debt. Here's what I thought, spoiler-free.
Read the rest of this entry »
Finally, A BioShock Infinite Trailer!
After years of speculation, I've finally figured out what the 'Infinite' stands for in the new BioShock's title. It's the number of trailers that they're going to release before the game comes out. The closer we'll get, the sheer mass of the trailers they've made will start warping time. We'll slow down the closer we get to the March 26th, and time will stretch on and on. We'll never escape the trailer singularity, and the closer we the less chance we'll have of playing. So I have another trailer for you, because I passed the event horizon a long time ago.
Read the rest of this entry »
I Ain't Afraid Of No God: BioShock Infinite's Liz Unbound
As we all know full well and is entirely obvious, BioShock: Elizabeth is a straightforward damsel in distress with a pretty face and a nice dress, and there's nothing more to her than that. There definitely isn't anything surprising or sinister about her: she will be rescued by the big man with the big gun, the mean nasty boss will fall to his doom and everyone will live happily ever after.
Or maybe there's some massive twist at the heart of the game and she's not what she seems to be at all? Nah.
Read the rest of this entry »
Warble Face: Bioshock Infinite's Songbird
The investigative documentary style of Bioshock: Infinite's Modern Day Icarus videos tickles my pleasure-nodes. The earlier reveals of the clockwork catastrophes and mechanical malignancies that roam Columbia are failures of imagination in contrast, and anyone fortunate enough to have instigated some form of media blackout regarding the game last year would be well-advised to continue that policy, with a glimmering exception for these informative and menacing reels. The first covers the vanishing of the city and the second, below, contains dark children's rhymes and the sinister Songbird.
RPS Feature Booker
Wot I Read – BioShock Infinite: Mind In Revolt
Matters are rather different for the third BioShock game than they were for the first. While Irrational's original had to grab attention from a machinegun-crazed mass audience, their next one comes with built-in renown, potentially affording the studio more opportunity and freedom to indulge themselves in other aspects of the game. Where BioShock's undersea city of Rapture was, in hindsight, much more of a concept than a functioning place, BioShock Infinite's floating metropolis Columbia seems to be striving harder to have an explicable and finely-sketched society.
Reflecting this is newly-released ebook novella Mind In Revolt, by Irrational's Joe Fielder with assistance from Ken Levine, which could technically be described as a prequel but seems more designed to flesh out the social pressures bubbling under Columbia's utopian surface in the way that the rollercoaster ride of an action videogame might not.
Read the rest of this entry »
RPS Feature The Unreliable Narrator
Bioshock's Ken Levine Talks Stories, Systems & Science
As if we hadn't already heard enough from the man who steers the Irrational Zeppelin through developmental waters, Jim also had a long chat with Ken Levine, the creator of Bioshock and Bioshock Infinite. Read on for thoughts that span the sadness of cholera, the mystery of condiments, the joy of turn-based historical war, and some stuff about a game set in a flying city.
I've marked out some mild spoilers towards the end of the piece. These are non-specific discussions of the plot themes, but you can decide whether to skip.
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Patriotic: Bioshock Infinite's City In The Sky (Trailer)
Trailers are like dreams. You can't really touch them or play with them in a way that is actually of any use, but they happen anyway, and when they're over you're left with a lingering feeling that they were trying to tell you something. I don't know why I dreamed about eating marshmallows that morning when my pillows had disappeared, but I do know that Irrational want us to take note of what they're trying to build with their setting for Bioshock Infinite: Columbia, a miraculous flying city at the turn of the 19th century. Here be philosophy and politics, there mechanical monsters and stuff on fire. There's really no precarious uncertainty here, what they are trying to tell is that the expectations for this game should be sky high, and when giant metal ravens come for you, it's time to find ammunition for the rocket launcher. Facts, you see, are super-true.
Bioshock Infinite will fall to Earth on March 26th.
Read the rest of this entry »
Today's Best Video: Bioshock – Infinite's Documentary
I've seen enough of Bioshock: Infinite for now. The next time I see Columbia, I want to be playing the game rather than watching somebody else falling out of the sky or presenting fast-cuts of footage. The latest video doesn't show the game at all and, remarkably, that isn't a problem. Presented as a fragment of documentary footage, a teaser for a fictional element of Infinite's universe as well as for Infinite itself, the Truth From Legend video is as effective a piece of marketing as I've seen for a good while. Creepy, convincingly dated and mysterious, it's an invitation to another world. More of this and less of that and that please, thank you.
RPS Feature And Relax
Ken Levine: The Conversation, Part Two
"This is like your nightmare interview here, huh?"
Nah. This might not be going too well, but I've had worse. Much worse. (The most terrible was probably with an executive at one of the industry's biggest PC game developers a couple of years back, where I had the distinct impression I was interviewing a robot who'd much rather murder me than talk to me).
This half hour with the lead designer of BioShock: Infinite would definitely win a place in my Top 40 Botched Interviews, but it's not up there in shotgun-to-the-head territory yet. The mutual acknowledgement that it's been a misfire does wonders too. Eventually.
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RPS Feature BioShock: Infinite, changing dresses, awkwardness and Jaws
Ken Levine: The Conversation, Part One
Some interviews with prominent figures, as in Polygon's widely-circulated one with BioShock: Infinite lead designer Ken Levine, are held on top of skyscraping Californian hotels. While it's not something I've experienced myself, I can entirely appreciate why this often leads their eventual write-ups to be somewhat defined by awe, be it overt or subtle: a famous figure is encountered in a dramatic setting, the trappings of aspirational luxury around them. Thus, they are inevitably presupposed to be superhumans of a sort, with achievements and a lifestyle far beyond those of mere mortals such as the humble interviewer. This is the tale. Notoriously, this week also saw the outermost extreme of this, in Esquire's absurd interview with/clearly lovelorn ode to the attractive but otherwise apparently unexceptional actor Megan Fox.
I can't ever imagine going as far as Esquire, and I'd hope someone would throw me into the nearest sea if I did, but I do understand why it can happen. The scene is set in such a way that the interviewer is encountering, if not a god, then at least royalty. Even on a more moderate level, I have never conducted an interview in a Californian luxury hotel's roofgarden, and my own interview with Ken Levine last month was no different, but I am nonetheless left thinking about the narrative created in that half hour. What tale could I now tell from just a talk with a guy in a room? Initially, I thought it impossible, or at least redundant, to spin a story out of a short, slightly awkward conversation in a dark little room somewhere in London: this is why Q&As are the standard interview format here. Let's try, though. I want to tell you about what happened in that interview, and how it felt to me, as well as sharing Ken Levine's comments about BioShock: Infinite's characters, pacing and mysteries with you.
Read the rest of this entry »
BioShock Infinite Claims Infinite PC Bells And Whistles
After reading Alec's impressions of BioShock's star-spangled salvo against American exceptionalism, I got quite excited. So of course, I proceeded to do what any rational, well-adjusted human being would: list off all the potential ways it could go horribly, horribly wrong. Nefarious hacker code theft, of course, was up there, as were natural disasters, a scenario in which total destruction of Infinite was the only way to disarm a city-obliterating bomb, and the very real possibility that Ken Levine replaced all the audio diaries with recordings of himself taunting us about how there's never going to be another Freedom Force. Or, you know, it could just straight up not work. But that last one, at least, seems significantly further outside the realm of possibility than the others, as Irrational's suggested that BioShock Infinite's PC version will actually work quite well.


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I wonder how many people all of us look at on a daily basis struggle with an eating disorder? How many people would you look at and say "YOU have an eating disorder? I Had No Idea!" Which is why this year's NEDA Eating Disorder Awareness theme is perfect – it takes us beyond the skeletal frames and vomiting.Read more
Category: Editorials
Entacup … So You ALWAYS Know When Your Love Is Drinking!
Where is the line between a wonderful shared love and creepy stalking or codependence? I'm not sure, but I'm pretty sure this new product is on the WRONG side of that line! It is called the Entacup, for "entangled" cups, and the cups are paired over Bluetooth and know when the other one is filled. Um … yeah.Read more
Mike's 2015 Oscar Picks and Analysis
This year's Academy Awards (Oscars) have a satisfying eclectic mix without one clear front-runner. Check out my 2015 Oscar picks and some analysis so you succeed in your office Oscar pool…or have a better idea of what's going on February 22.Read more
Do YOU Use a Wearable Device?
There's been a huge debate lately about wearable devices like Fitbit, Jawbone UP, smartwatches, etc. First, wareable.com pointed out most buyers of fitness trackers are ALREADY fit (and well-off), and then a study came out indicating wearables were no more accurate than the pedometer in your existing smartphone. So who's using them and are they helping anyone?Read more
Tablet Market Shrank in 2014, Here are Some Possible Reasons Why
Last week we learned iPad sales declined … again. It was another sign of a shift in the tablet market different from the smartphone market. Now we hear from the IDC that the broader tablet market shrank with both Apple and Samsung along with ASUS and Amazon taking large hits and only Lenovo and 'others' gaining share. We asked 'why'?Read more
Skills We Wish Were Taught In School – What Would You Add?
Earlier this week Judie shared an article from LifeHacker that talked about 10 skills they wished were taught in schools. The thought is even though there are many great things we learn in elementary and high school, there are also many skills that are lacking. Let's look at their list and our own interpretations, and maybe add a few!Read more
Games Get First Real Super Bowl Feature, Was it Worth the Money?
Surprisingly based on overlapping demographics, video games have not featured widely in Super Bowl commercials in years past – maybe because the big franchises launch in late summer through the fall, maybe they were unwilling to spend the big money on the ad space, or something? But this year three 'freemium' mobile games spent big – but was it worth …Read more
Amazing Madden NFL 15 Super Bowl Sim Prediction Thoughts
As the New England Patriots celebrate their victory today, it's time to look at another related feat – the spot-on prediction of the simulated Super Bowl game in the Madden NFL 15 video game.Read more
New to Gaming? Which System Should You Buy?
It's easy to assume that everyone out there already has a favorite gaming system, whether it be Xbox, Playstation, Wii, or something else. But what if you are totally new to gaming? What if you want to play, but you have little experience with any of the available gaming options, and you have no idea where to get started?Read more
When Do You Give Up on a Company? The Pivotal Living Story
A few weeks ago I reviewed the Pivotal Living fitness tracker, and I concluded the following: "Pivotal Living is a company to watch, and I think if the bugs and kinks get ironed out, the Pivotal Life 1 is a very cool product." I wanted to give them a few months, but here's the truth: Don't buy it. just don't.Read more
Starting Over At Midlife: A Gear Diary Diary Entry
At 49 years old, I find myself on my own and "starting over." I want my new place to feel like home. Fortunately I know what I like and, within reason, I can afford what I need. This post series will look at some of the gear that come into play as I start my life … at midlife.Read more
Calling Off the Outlook Mobile App Challenge!
Yesterday we invited everyone to join us on the Outlook Mobile App Challenge, which seemed like a fun way to put this new 'universal inbox' app to the test. Since then some significant security concerns have been identified that makes this an app that we cannot recommend using right now. As a result, we're stopping the challenge immediately.Read more
Verizon Account Sign-In #Fail
Dear Verizon: Why exactly have I chosen a password for your site, when upon login from a new computer you're still going to ask me about some obtuse reference I probably have not jotted down and which may have multiple answers? In many cases, answers to these dumb challenge questions are easily found by looking at social media sites.Read more
Doomed Apple Manages to Circle the Drain for One More Fiscal Quarter
We all know that Apple is doomed… it must be, people have been saying so since the Mac vs. PC days of the late 1980s. In spite of their inevitable demise, Apple chose yesterday to announce that it had exceeded profit and revenue estimates while selling 74.5 million iPhones and 21.4 million iPads last quarter.Read more
Samsung Gear S and Why You'll Want (or Not Want) One
During CES 2015 I picked up a Withings Activité Pop; it hasn't been off my wrist since. It is the anti-smartwatch, and it doesn't try to do too much. At the other end of the spectrum is the Samsung Gear S; it tries to do it all, and thanks to Sprint, that even means replacing your smartphone!Read more
Tell the FDA to Add Sesame to Allergy Labels!
I have mentioned this before, but my son is severely allergic to sesame seeds. We found this out the hard way, after one small bite of hummus landed us in the ER. Unfortunately, companies do not have to label if sesame is an ingredient or cross contaminant in the US, so it's time to petition the FDA to change that …Read more
The Negative Aspect of Software in Smartphones and Other Devices
There are some negative aspects to using embedded software in hardware. A few sites have written that about how phones or tablets still on Android versions below 4.4 are at risk for a vulnerability in the default browser. Don't blame Google for this; blame the OEMs and carriers, as Google fixed the issue. However, there's much more to this story.Read more
10 Great PC and Mac Games from 2014 You Should Play Now!
2014 was an incredible year to be a PC or Mac gamer, and even better if you are a fan of classic RPGs. I am both, so I got to enjoy one of the best years of gaming I can recall since before Microsoft entered the console wars! If you love PC or Mac gaming, you must check these out!Read more
Old Mix CDs Prove Some Things Have Sadly Not Changed
I found a stack of old CDs in our attic a few weeks ago, and I was enjoying the nostalgia of listening to mix CDs I made 10-15 years ago. But as I've gone through the various tracks, I noticed a disturbing trend; many of the social issues being addressed in this CDs are still issues a decade later.Read more
NASCAR to Part Ways with Sprint in 2016: Who's Next?
In 2003, NASCAR entered into a sponsorship with Nextel, which then merged with Sprint. This was well before smartphones were all the rage. Today NASCAR has announced that Sprint will be ending its relationship at the end of 2015, severing Sprint's exclusive rights to apps covering the sport which is a good thing.Read more
Uber's Real Flaw Gets Exposed During the Sydney Hostage Crisis
I've never used Uber, but I am familiar with it. They've had their fair share of issues related to their "surge" pricing, where the price of a ride can double, triple, or even quadruple depending on demand. But their response to their surge pricing during the hostage situation in Sydney, Australia showed Uber's true attitude towards the communities they claim to …Read more


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Google planning its own event before Apple's WWDC
While present and future developers might be looking forward to Apple's WWDC event coming week, Google suddenly announced its Google Map centric press event, which is held just before WWDC.
If you are an Apple fan, you probably have heard about the rumor that Apple is planning to drop Google Maps in the next version of iOS, and replace it with its own Maps app. Besides this, other features are still well kept under the radar pending the event on June 11th.
However, Google surprised everyone on June 2nd. It is going to host an event on June 6th., just a week before Apple's event. The invitation has already sent out, which says "At this invitation-only press gathering, Brian McClendon, VP of Google Maps and Google Earth, will give you a behind-the-scenes look at Google Maps and share our vision. We'll also demo some of the newest technology and provide a sneak peek at upcoming features that will help people get where they want to go – both physically and virtually. We hope to see you there."
Mapping and navigation are among the most valuable tools in any smart phone, so these 2 events can be considered as very interesting and probably will attract many visitors.
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Sneak Preview: Dakota Fanning Marie Claire Covershoot Video
Go behind-the-scenes with "Twilight: Eclipse" star Dakota Fanning at her Marie Claire covershoot. Look out for the magazine when it hits newstands July 13, 2010!
Kanye West Waxes Poetic About Discrimination, His Biggest Regrets, and the Almighty Power of the Kardashians
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The last time I was in Miami, I did the Island Queen Cruise, which I thought was really good. This time, I wanted to try something a little more exciting and hands on. I had heard good things about SpeedboatTours and wanted to give it a try and am glad that I did.
It was a beautiful Miami day and the tour was awesome! Ashton, the tour guide, was great and driving the speedboat was incredible. Seeing Miami from the water was amazing. Big thanks to the crew at SpeedboatTours!


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Spring City Jobs
Looking for jobs in Spring City? Snagajob has great opportunities with the area's leading companies. And applying for Spring City jobs has never been easier. Look at the job listings below, click on a job title that interests you and hit the "apply now" button. Part-time jobs, teen jobs, student jobs and summer jobs are now just a click away. Start your job search now.
Spring City, PA Job Openings
Care.comSpring City, PA
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Burger King80 E Bridge St
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Burger King80 E Bridge St
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Spring City, PA
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Childrens Entertainment
Castle Halloween Museum Benwood
Where is it at?
Castle Halloween Museum
1595 Boggs Run Road
Tel: 1-304-233-1031
Where are we going today?
Castle Halloween MuseumWibberly Wobbly Weblink Visit website
Not found what you're looking for?
Fiddlesticks Family Concerts
Saturday morning concerts with the world-class Pittsburgh Symphony Orchestra that will introduce your kids to the beautiful sounds of classical music!
Adventure Quest Inflatables
We offer the cheapest, cleanest inflatables for all of your event needs! We do all day rentals, and this includes setup and delivery.
Sassafrass Junction Puppet Theater
The Theater with its bright purple walls , colorful "tree stage,"and cozy gift shop provide an environment that children of any age can come and dream in.
Strategik Laser Tag
Mobile Outdoor Laser Tag
Fit Kids Lets Move Northern Virginia
Fit Kids Let's Move June 17, Redskin Cheerleaders, Power Panther, WAT-AAH!
Kruger Street Toy and Train Museum
Come and relive your childhood with the kids, rediscover vintage entertainments and classic home railway equipment.
PPMS Speedway
Visit Pittsburgh's PA Motor Speedway for all kinds of family entertainment Every Sat April - October! Affordable Family Fun Great food Stock Cars Monster Trucks Sprint Cars FREE PARKING
Fiddlesticks Family Concerts
Saturday morning concerts with the world-class Pittsburgh Symphony Orchestra that will introduce your kids to the beautiful sounds of classical music!
National Aviary
Houses a diverse collection comprising more than 600 birds from around the world, many of them threatened or endangered in the wild.
Carnegie Museum of Natural History
Dinosaurs are just the beginning at Carnegie Museum of Natural History, where scientific discovery comes alive! Free hands-on and family activities available each weekend and weekdays during the
Save your favourite attractions to a shortlist by clicking on the shortlist button next to the attractions you like.Close


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Leïla Denio making out with a guy in the back seat of a car in a parking lot at night, her right breast in vie...
Leïla Denio
Leïla Denio lying on a bed fully nude as she receives oral sex from a guy. We then see the guy having explicit sex with her as she lies on her back, then flips around to ride him in his lap and on top of him. The guy then continues to have sex with her from behind before finishing with Leïla on her back once more. Hi-res DVD capture from the uncut version of Sexual Chronicles of a French Family.
- type:
- Nude
- length:
- 3:10
- filesize:
- 44.60 mb
- resolution:
- 720x400 px
- posted:
- Dec 09, 2012 @ 02:57pm
more from Leïla Denio
Leïla Denio lying on her side in bed with the sheets pulled down to reveal her breasts as she lies next to a g...
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Leïla Denio lying on her back on a blanket outdoors as she makes out with a guy and he puts his hand down her ...
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Faustine Dubois (credited as Oréade Knobloch) taking her bra and panties off to go fully nude, showing her nak...
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