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Music to Your Ears
By Laura Marrich
It's hard to describe what Potty Mouth Sherry's are outside the obvious "all-girl" (there are four of them, to be precise), but I'll try with some stream of consciousness—Punk. Folk. Pirate. Circus. Noise. Art-house. Playground. Butch. Femme. Bad-good. Good-bad. Sinbad. Ukulele-core.
Flyer on the Wall
Cash is King
The Man in Black comes alive Friday, Sept. 14, at Atomic Cantina (21+, free), with help from Sin Serenade, The Dirty Novels, The Gracchi, Feels Like Sunday, Pan!c, Swingin' Meat, The Ground Beneath, Lenny D'Wayne, Botnix and Grand Can Yen. Pay tribute. [LM]
Show Up!
Spaceman Free
A drone state of mind
By Kyle Silfer
"One chord best, two chords cool, three chords OK, four chords average."
Drew Goren/subwaysleeper.com
Music Interview
Against Me!
By Justin Alan Hood
Florida natives Against Me! crash at the Sunshine Theater this Thursday, Sept. 13. Touring for their fourth full-length album, New Wave, these guys are rocking the boat with punk that's rich, raw and honest. The Alibi caught up with the band's lead singer/songwriter/guitarist, Tom Gabel, to discuss the new album, being on the road and everything in between.
Sonic ReducerJoey Calderazzo Amanecer · PlayRadioPlay! The Frequency E.P. · Chaka Khan Funk This
Bypassing the omphaloskepsis that plagued his 2004 solo recording, Haiku, the longtime Branford Marsalis Quartet pianist ventures over a wide range of sonorities and historical styles on Amanecer, in solo, duo and trio formats. On Michael Brecker's "Sea Glass," he achieves a deft balance between motion and stillness. His own "Toonay" features rhythmic rubs of right hand against left, and a Glenn Gould–like touch. His highly personal rendition of "Waltz for Debby" lays a lovely veil over Bill Evans' tune. Four tracks add Claudia Acuña (vocal) and Romero Lubambo (guitar), with particular success on the Calderazzo/Acuña composition "So Many Moons." [MM]
Asphalt Cowboy
Mishka Shubaly vs. the road
By Amy Dalness
The road is a dangerous mistress. One moment she's gilding her path, offering kisses laden with joy and good fortune. The next, she's slashed your tires, stolen the radio and called all your exs to tell them you've got the clap.
Neon Tommy/Katie Buenneke
EVENT HORIZON (Friday, Oct 9)
Can I Get a Hallelujah?
Hozier • blues, indie, soul
By Cerridwen Stucky
You probably remember that in January a song filled the radio that made you say amen more than you had since going to church with your family as a child. Hozier's "Take Me To Church" was in the top 100 singles in the U.S. for three weeks. His soft acoustic style paired with sorrowful crooning seemed to be just what the United States wanted…
Mikel Cee Karlsson
EVENT HORIZON (Monday, Oct 12)
El Angel de la Musica
José González • indie, folk • Riothorse Royale
By Megan Reneau
Heads up—an angel named José González drops down from heaven and lands at Sunshine Theater on Monday, Oct. 12. González's voice is heavenly and when combined with his soothing classical guitar melodies, causes elation of the senses…
Today's Events
Hozier • blues, indie, soul at Sandia Resort & Casino
Kirra (OK) • rock • Bella Amore • Drink Me • Modus Operandi • Swylt at Duke City Sound Stage
Brian McKnight • R&B, soul at Kiva AuditoriumMore Recommended Events ››
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Socially Awkward Male Virgins!
Cat Face
He's got the body of a cat and the face of a cat!
Duck Luck
A quirky show that happens to include a duck.
Ever wondered what it was like for a lock to be unlocked? Well, these guys sure do!
WARNING: Contains two short movies of nutty goodness and a PSP commercial! Enjoy!!!
Intro to ControlLock and the start of a civil rights movement.
The premium account holders from the LL forums join together to make a flash!
Polygon Lock is fresh out of ideas for his Lock Day movie. What will he do?!
Crush and Golden are going to a party, when they die from AIDS.
Spoon Lock is hunted after doing a news report on missing locks.

subset: commoncrawl


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I am proud to serve as the State Senator from Illinois' 15th District, representing parts of Cook and Will Counties, covering the 9th Ward of Chicago in the north in Cook and Blue Island in the north, Calumet City in the east, part of Oak Forrest and Homewood in the west, and Steger in the south in Will County. My district also includes the cities of Dolton, Riverdale, South Holland, Harvey, Midlothian, Glenwood, Markham, Crete and Monee.
I hope you'll find this site a useful resource in keeping up-to-date with what's happening in our district and in Springfield. Please contact any of my offices with questions or ways I can better serve you.
It is my honor to represent you in Springfield.
State Senator Napoleon B. Harris III15th Senate District
ComEd has announced it is reopening satellite sites in local communities to continue administering available financial assistance funds through its care programs. With the reopening of CEDA and LIHEAP agencies, which also administer ComEd's CARE programs, the temporary satellite sites provide additional access in low-income communities where customers can apply for help paying their electricity bills.
Read more ...
Page 1 of 22
Springfield Office: Senator 15th DistrictM122 CapitolSpringfield, IL 62706(217) 782-8066
District Office: 369 E. 147th St., Unit HHarvey, IL 60426(708) 893-0552(708) 566-4108 FAX


text:
Looking for something? start here.
Mobile Librarian in Isla Vista
SBCC "Mobile Librarian" in ISLA VISTA Wednesday nights, September 30th to December 3rd
My Family Reads!
We're teaming up with SBCC English as a Second Language. ESL STUDENTS: Bring your family and friends!
New books in the library – September 2015
Get ideas on how to carve your fruits and vegetables in Food Play by Saxton Freymann and Joost Elffers.
New books in the library – Summer 2015
Check out some of the new arrivals, including this fascinating book, Flight From Wonder : an Investigation of Scientific Creativity.


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TrueValue donates 10,000 lbs. of pet food to New Hampshire Humane Society
LACONIA — TrueValue Company has helped support pets in need by donating 10,000lbs of pet food both dry kibble, canned food and treats to the Laconia based animal welfare agency, New Hampshire Humane Society.
The food was immediately stored on the shelves reserved for the Pet Food Pantry, a community service this agency runs for the needy and their pets. Executive Director, Marylee Gorham noted "we are acutely aware that many families are experiencing some financial distress. Having a resource they can go to, namely, us, for help keeping their pets in their own homes, is very important to NHHS".
Those who need help are invited to visit the shelter during usual open hours on Tuesday, Thursday, Friday and Saturday. "No pets in the Lakes Region need be hungry this giving season", said Larry Carty who organized the food gift from TrueValue's Manchester warehouse, "we're thrilled to help such a worthy cause".
As an animal welfare organization, the Laconia based shelter has hosted a Pet Food Pantry, that helps not just needy animals, but their owners too. "We've always offered food to those who cannot afford to purchase it" says Gorham, "this year we have seen many more folks come to our door asking for help feeding their companion animals".
Just like a regular food bank, the shelter can now ensure needy families can get food for their pets this holiday season. For further information, call the shelter at 524-3252 or check www.nhhumane.org
Last Updated on Wednesday, 26 November 2014 12:02
Hits: 114
Gilford Rotary Club Christmas tree sale to take place at new location
GILFORD — The Gilford Rotary Club will launch its 28th season of selling Christmas trees to benefit local charities December 5 – 14. Look for the Gilford Rotary Christmas tree sale in a new location at the Gilford 8 Cinemas on Route 11, Gilford. Browse the great selection of fresh cut trees from noon till 7p.m. Monday- through Thursday and 9 am to 8 pm Friday, Saturday and Sunday.
These New Hampshire grown, freshly cut, premium trees include hundreds of 1st quality fraser fir and balsam trees in all shapes and sizes from table top to 12 feet tall. Plus decorative holiday wreaths. Again this year Gilford Rotary will have two collectable Christmas tree ornaments. One, a 24 kt finished depiction of the Tannery Hill covered bridge- constructed by Gilford Rotary members and Gilford townspeople in 1995- can be purchased for $15.
The second ornament is a limited edition Herman Defregger crystal/Lake Winnipesaukee theme that is $40. New this year are Rotary bird feeder wreaths selling for $15 or two for $25. Stop into the Gilford Rotary trailer and register to win one of 30 special raffle items. There's free hot chocolate, hot dogs and yummy corn chowder for all customers.
Last Updated on Friday, 28 November 2014 10:48
Hits: 358
Lakes Region Singers plan holiday concerts
GILFORD — The Lakes Region Singers will present two performances of their annual Christmas Concert this year – an evening program on Friday, December 19, at 7:30 p.m., and an afternoon program on Sunday, December 21, at 3 p.m. Each concert will take place at the First United Methodist Church, on Route 11-A in Gilford, and will include performances by both the Youth Chorus and Adult Chorus.
The Adult Chorus performance will feature the exciting "Festival Gloria," the tender "Carol of Joy," and a stirring medley called "Tidings of Joy." Other sacred pieces will include "O Child Divine" and "Creation Will Be at Peace." The second half of the program will strike a lighter note with contemporary favorites like "Irving Berlin's Christmas," "Cool Yule," and "Winter Wonderland of Snow."
The Youth Chorus will perform "Rockin' Around the Christmas Tree," "A Candle's Light," and "Snowflake Dance." They will also join the Adult Chorus in "Love Came Down at Christmas." The show will conclude with a rousing version of the familiar carol, "Joy to the World," complete with brass, percussion, and the Hallelujah Handbell Choir. Piano and organ accompaniments will feature the talents of Kelly Cleveland of Belmont.
A suggested donation of $8 per person or $15 per family of four will be taken at the door to help cover expenses. There will be free homemade refreshments at each intermission. In addition, this year every concert goer who chooses to bring a food item for the local food pantry will be entered into a drawing for a free ticket to the Singers' Spring Concert. Director Karen Jordan states, "Because we are a community organization, we want to give back not only through our music but also through our support of these food donations. We hope you'll be generous."
Last Updated on Wednesday, 26 November 2014 09:03
Hits: 183
Stewart Associates Architects supports Land Trust
LACONIA — Stewart Associates Architects has been a longtime supporter of the Laconia Area Community Land Trust (LACLT) mission to develop permanently affordable housing. Peter Stewart, the firm's Principal, served on the LACLT Board of Directors and as Board President. His firm continues to support LACLT's mission, most recently by purchasing $1,000 in state tax credits.
Last year, LACLT was awarded a total of $500,000 in tax credits to sell by New Hampshire's Community Development Finance Authority (CDFA). Once the credits are sold to business donors, LACLT can use the proceeds to continue upgrading 60 units of permanently affordable rental housing in Laconia. LACLT's mission is to provide permanently affordable housing and support programs to low- and moderate-income families so that they become economically self-sufficient. LACLT's tenants are employees of many area businesses and comprise a large portion of workforce in the Lakes Region in healthcare, manufacturing, service and hospitality industries.
Twenty years ago, LACLT began rehabbing scattered-site apartments in Laconia to create permanently affordable housing for working families. Now with the tax credits to fund a Portfolio Strengthening Initiative for these properties, LACLT is further investing in these community assets with capital improvements and green investment. LACLT seeks to improve performance by reducing expenses through roof repairs, boiler upgrades, installing new green flooring and energy-efficient fixtures, among other improvements.
The Tax Credit Program enables businesses to donate to LACLT in exchange for a state tax credit that can be applied against the New Hampshire business profits, business enterprise, or insurance premium taxes. The state tax credit is equal to 75% of that contribution. In addition, the contribution may be treated as a charitable deduction to the extent the federal laws allow. Tax credit may be carried forward during a five-year period. After both state and federal tax benefits are accounted for, a contribution of $10,000 actually costs the company less than 11% or $1,100. LACLT is responsible for securing donations/pledges from for-profit companies with a New Hampshire state tax liability.
Last Updated on Wednesday, 26 November 2014 08:51
Hits: 211
More Articles...
- RE/MAX Bayside gives turkeys to St. Vincent de Paul
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- Noel Shoppe at Festival of Trees features local creations
- Ray Wixson Senior Dinner
- Tilton Senior Center receives $4,500 grant from Meredith Village Savings Bank
- Plymouth Regional Chamber's Business After Hours event Dec. 10 at Bed and Breakfast at Red Gate Farm


text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|17 Jan 2008
|Filing date
|13 Jul 2007
|Priority date
|29 Oct 2004
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Oliver Schmidt, Michael Bassler, Peter Kiesel, Patrick Maeda, Noble Johnson
|Original Assignee
|Palo Alto Research Center Incorporated
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Referenced by (24), Classifications (15), Legal Events (5)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/976,434, filed Oct. 29, 2004 which is hereby incorporated by reference.
The detection of micro-organisms for medical treatments and security systems has taken on increased importance in recent years. Modern medical systems as well as security systems depend on the detection and identification of microorganisms, including bioagents or toxins in the air, food, water, blood or other specimens.
Conventional detection is usually done in the laboratory. Laboratory testing typically uses skilled personnel in a time consuming process. Portable versions of laboratory PCR (polymerase chain reaction) have been developed, however, these devices are bulky and not cost effective.
Optical systems for detecting and identifying micro-organisms provide numerous advantages over chemical and other analysis techniques. For example, optical systems can reduce or eliminate the need for field workers to use chemical reactions to detect elements. Optical systems are also often nondestructive to the sample being analyzed.
Most optical biosensor designs rely on interactions between light and a biological sample to provide information on sample characteristics. However, the interaction between light and biological elements in the sample is typically weak. Thus without amplification of the interaction, a large quantity of analyte may be needed. Obtaining such large sample sizes may not be practical for many applications.
In order to increase the interaction between light and biological elements in the sample, optical waveguides may concentrate the intensity of light on the sample. In one use, microorganisms in the sample reside in liquid immediately adjacent to a waveguide surface. Evanescent waves from the waveguide interact with the molecules of the biological elements. However, the interaction between the evanescent waves and the biological elements is still weaker than desired.
A related patent application entitled Anti-resonant waveguide sensors, U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/976,434 by many of the same inventors and assigned to the same assignee describes an improved sensor system and is hereby incorporated by reference. The patent application describes using an anti-resonant waveguide to confine and guide the light within the target-containing medium and therefore increase the interaction region between light and analyte (e.g., biological or chemical agent) being tested. The described system has a number of uses including the detection of binding events.
However, the system has not performed as well as expected. In particular, the light distribution within the anti-resonant waveguide is not as uniform as desired for many applications. Furthermore, in some applications, significant portions of the waveguide need to be devoted to coupling the light and uniformly distributing the light through the waveguide.
Thus an improved system for detection and identification with minimized light coupling region and homogeneous light distribution is needed.
A method of analyzing a sample is described. The sample includes a fluid medium (e.g., gas, aerosol or liquid) carrying certain target analytes (e.g., toxins, bacteria or their spores), viruses, mammalian or insect cells, parasites, oocytes, or certain chemicals). The method places the sample to be analyzed between a first layer/medium and a second layer/medium. The sample has a sample index of refraction that is less than the indexes of refraction of the first and second layer/medium. A beam of light enters the sample at an angle such that an anti-resonant guided optical waveguide (ARGOW) mode propagates through the sample. Anti-resonance waveguides enable a strongly enhanced interaction between light and analyte. Furthermore, the waveguide is designed to insure an approximately homogeneous light distribution throughout the fluidic channel using waveguide coupling and beam shaping techniques. This is useful for many different characterization methods. The interaction between photons in the anti-resonant mode and target analyte (e.g. biological molecules) in the sample is monitored to determine a characteristic of molecules in the sample.
An improved sensor that enhances interaction between light and target analytes in a sample is described. Light from a light source is coupled into a sensor chamber, such as a microfluidics channel filled with the sample. The light may be subject to processing by lenses, coupling structures or other techniques to generate an almost homogenous distribution of light in the sample. As used herein, "almost homogenous" or "approximately homogenous" is defined to mean that the intensity of light from the light source varies by no more than 50% through most (greater than 80%) of the sample volume after the initial coupling structures. More typically, the intensity of light from the light source is adjusted to vary by no more than 25% through most of the sample volume.
As the light enters the sample, the angle of light entry into the sensor chamber is carefully controlled to generate anti-resonant modes in the sample. The anti-resonant modes allow the sample itself to serve as an optical waveguide resulting in increased interaction between the target molecules and the light.
Light beam 112 enters sample 116 at an angle of incidence 120. As used herein, reference to the word "light", "light beam" and "optical" is should be broadly interpreted to include a broad range of frequencies including ultraviolet, visible, infrared, and far infrared radiation as well as terahertz radiation. As used herein, the angle of incidence is the angle with respect to a normal 124 of the surface 128. The angle of incidence is carefully selected such that an anti-resonant guided optical wave (ARGOW) or mode of light can be set up within sample 116.
Sample 116 is typically a thin film of liquid carrying the target analyte (e.g., biological molecules) to be analyzed. Sample 116 may also be a gas or an aerosol carrying the analyte to be analyzed. If the sample is a gas or aerosol, sealing materials around the perimeter of the chamber containing the sample keeps the gas between substrate 132 and covering layer 136. Sample 116 thickness is usually kept larger than the wavelength of light being used to analyze the sample.
Substrate 132 and covering layer 136 border sample 116 sides. Substrate 132 and covering layer 136 are typically made from a transparent material such as glass. In one embodiment, glass slides are used for substrate 132 and covering layer 136. The index of refraction of the substrate and covering layer are slightly higher than that of the sample 116 to facilitate generation of an anti-resonant wave in sample 116. An example index of refraction of substrate 132 and covering layer 136 might be between 1.4 and 1.8 while the index of refraction of a liquid sample 116 might be between 1.2 and 1.4 although as will be explained, a wide range of other indices are also possible.
The actual conditions used to create an anti-resonant guided optical wave (ARGOW) propagating through a sample sandwiched between two higher index materials may be found by computing the Eigensolutions of the Helmholtz equation for a plane wave propagating along a slab waveguide structure. A general Helmholtz equation for the electric field E is given by:
Assuming a plane wave that propagates along a x-direction within a slab waveguide structure, and confining the wave with respect to the z-orientation results in the following solution to the Helmholtz equation:
where E denotes the electric field, {tilde over (E)}(z) its z-dependence, kx the x-component of the wavevector. {right arrow over (k)}0 is the lights vacuum wave vector and n the materials refractive index.
In this case the Helmholtz equation reduces to:
The Eigensolutions {tilde over (E)}(z) can be characterized by kx, or for convenience by a so called effective refractive index neff defined as:
In the previously described slab index guided waveguide structure, the equations above can be numerically solved resulting in a large number of Eigen solutions {tilde over (E)}(z). These Eigensolutions are called optical modes. Equations 3 and equation 4 also enable computation of the respective refractive indices neff and modal confinement factors Γ of these modes.
A confinement factor F corresponds to the fraction of the light intensity confined in the waveguide core. For maximum interaction between target molecules in the sample and the light beam, the sample or analyte itself serves as the waveguide core. The core is surrounded by a cladding layer, typically the portion of the medium immediately adjacent to the sample. In future references to the cladding, the "cladding layer" shall refer to a portion of the medium that lies immediately on either side of the sample. The thickness of the cladding layer can be chosen within a wide range but the typical thickness is a several wavelengths of the light propagating in the medium.
In the case of "anti-resonant" waveguides, herein defined to be a waveguide in which the core has a lower refractive index than the cladding layer, a number of optical modes with reasonably large confinement factors, up to and past 90%, can be found. These modes (or Eigensolutions) are characterized by effective refractive indices neff close to (typically slightly smaller than) the refractive index n of the core layer material. When the core thickness is large compared with the wavelength of propagating light, the neff of these modes of interest, approaches the refractive index of the core n.
Each Eigenmode can be excited by directing a beam of light at the waveguide at a specific angle of incidence. The angle of incidence corresponds to the effective refractive index neff.
When analyte 204 thickness 220 (typically waveguide core diameter dcore≈10 . . . 100 μm) is large compared with the wavelength of the incident light (λ=0.3 . . . 2 μm) the approximation of (Eq.5) is acceptable. Using the equation 4 approximation allows substitution of analyte refractive index n for effective refractive index neff. The substitution results in an angle of incident that depends only on the refractive indices of the analyte, the core layer and the outside world:
An example of a typical set of refractive indices might be an analyte of water with an n=1.34, a glass cladding layer with an n′=1.5 and an air or vacuum surrounding with n″=1. Using a glass cladding in an air surrounding for an example, the table in
Table 3 shows tilt angles γ′ for the structure of
Although two geometries and end facette designs have been provided in
In order to generate the graph of
In the measurements, the measured fluorescence intensity per unit area was similar to that which has been obtained by perpendicularly (from the top) focusing the total excitation power from the LED onto a small spot (e.g. 3�3 mm2) in the sample. The improved fluoresce results from a more efficient use of the excitation light by coupling the light into an ARGOW, in particular, guiding the light between the glass slides. This compares favorably to regular fluorescence detection when the excitation light is input perpendicular to the sample plane and results in transmission of most of the light. Using anti-resonant waveguide excitation the sample itself guides the excitation light between the glass slides providing a long interaction length between light and fluorescent molecules.
Each mode can be specifically excited by adjusting the incidence angle +(the angle 120 of
Changes in light wavelength also produces slight changes in optimum incidence angle. For example, substituting infrared light (˜1500 nm) for blue light (˜480 nm) only changes the optimum incidence angle by about 1.8�. The difference in the dispersion of glass and water has a larger influence compared to the different confinement conditions for the different wavelengths which have only small impact on incidence angle.
The ability of the overall system to accommodate changes in light frequency and sample thickness makes it ideal for use in parallel analytic techniques. These are particularly useful in sophisticated systems where several different tests are to be conducted in parallel to determine the composition or presence of various target analytes.
In the preceding discussion, analysis has been done on step index profiles such as that shown in
Cladding layer reflections need to be carefully controlled. One of the factors that determines sensing system performance is the homogeneity of light distribution throughout the analytic fluid.
In general, an almost constant light intensity along the sample is preferred. Reaching the constant light intensity in as short a distance as possible minimizes the need for larger sample sizes. An approximately homogeneous light distribution is especially important for fluorescence spectroscopy where the spectral information is collected as particles pass the wavelength detector. Inhomogeneous excitation can produce incorrect spectral information. Although sensing systems can compensate for minor variations in light intensity, significantly inhomogeneous light distribution in the sample can result in unacceptably wide variations of the light output originating from the particle-light interaction. Thus, the data may be too severely impacted to allow for spectral characterization.
After light enters the sample, various media in the fluid absorb the light resulting in a reduced light intensity towards the "back end" of the sample opposite the "front end" where the light from the light source first enters the fluid. In the illustrated embodiment (
Using highly reflective surface such as mirrors to minimize light loss and/or improve light distribution though the sample is not limited to mirror placement at the back end of the sample.
As shown in
Uniform light distribution in the sample or fluid layer may be further enhanced by developing an appropriate relationship between the indexes of refraction of the cladding layer and the fluid layer, the thickness of the cladding layer and the fluid layer, and the initial direction of light propagation in the cladding layer.
In cladding layer 2712, the portion of beam (hereinafter beam) reflects and refracts at point 2722 of interface 2720. Resulting refracted beam 2828 travels at a refracted angle 2829 defined by Snell's law. Thus angle 2829 is equal approximately to the arcsin (((index of cladding sin(angle of incidence))/index of liquid sample). After refracting at point 2722, the beam propagates a free fluid propagation (FFP) distance before being reflected at point 2728 of bottom interface 2730. As used herein, "free fluid propagation distance" is defined as the distance the beam travels in the fluid, usually a liquid, before the next reflection or refraction. In the illustrated example, the free fluid propagation distance is the distance between point 2728 and point 2722. The FFP has an X component designated "XL" along the X axis. The x axis component of the FFP can be determined by XL=FFPcos(angle of refraction).
Bottom interface 2730 is the interface between a bottom cladding layer 2731 and sample fluid 2724. The beam 2731 reflected at point 2728 along interface 2730 propagates another FFP distance prior to its next reflection/refraction at interface 2720. Assuming that interface 2730 and interface 2720 are parallel, and assuming a uniform index of refraction of the sample, the x axis component of beam 2731 is also XF. Thus the total x axis distance traveled by beam 2728 in the sample before returning to interface 2720 is 2 XF.
Concurrent with the generation of refracted beam 2728, beam 2704 also produces a reflected beam 2832 at point 2722. Reflected beam 2832 propagates a free cladding propagation (FCP) distance before reflecting off cladding boundary 2736 and traveling a second free cladding propagation distance to point 2740. As used herein, a "free cladding propagation distance" is defined as the distance a beam travels in the cladding before being reflected or refracted. The horizontal or x axis component of each FCP distance can be determined as XC=FCPcos(angle of incidence). The total x-axis distance between when a beam reflects from interface 2720 and returns to interface 2720 (illustrated as the distance between point 2440 and point 2722) can be mathematically determined as 2 XC or 2(FCP)cos(angle of incidence). (assuming a uniform cladding with parallel boundaries)
The reflections and refractions of each ray in the incident beam eventually forms a uniform or relatively homogenous light intensity distribution through the liquid sample after a "coupling distance" D along the X axis. As used herein, the coupling distance is defined as the distance after which intensity variations in the sample vary by less than 2%. The coupling distance is kept as short as possible to enhance light interactions. One way of shortening the coupling distance is to synchronize the light interactions at top interface 2720 such that the reflection/refraction from the beams in the cladding layer approximately coincide along the x direction with the reflection/refraction of beams in the sample, typically a liquid layer. Mathematically, this may be expressed as the ratio, 2 XL/2 XC being a rational number (a ratio between two integers). When a very highly collimated 1 mm diameter laser beam is coupled, and when XF=XC, a resulting coupling distance of 21 mm can be achieved.
Further shortening of the coupling distance may be accomplished by creating a "rough" surfaces or "imperfections" at the sample-cladding interfaces. The imperfections improve light homogeneity, as long as the imperfections do not introduce significant losses. For example, a typical roughness would locally bend rays of up to 0.5 degrees, but would avoid "loosing" particular rays of light. In terms of height variations, the "roughness" or height variations are random and quite small, typically less than 5 times the wavelength of the incident beam.
Returning to
Wavelength sensitive elements enable identification of signatures and specific biological or chemical agents. Detectors 140, 144 may also integrate the wavelength sensitive elements with conventional optics or micro-optics components including mirrors and lenses. In some embodiments, the detectors may include a means for converting the optical signal to an electrical signal. Such conversions may be achieved using a charge coupled device, a photosensor, or any of a variety of conversion devices. Once converted to an electrical signal, detector 140, 144 output can be analyzed using electric processors, such as microprocessors (not shown).
Detector 140 of
In an alternate embodiment, instead of detecting light that is transmitted, a second detection system such as detector array 144 may detect light that is scattered or otherwise output by sample 116. Scattered light may be caused by reflection or refraction of light by molecules in sample 116. Example scattering techniques include elastic and inelastic light scattering spectroscopy as described in Introduction to Biophotonics, by Paras N. Prasad ISBN 0-471-28770-9, Wiley-Interscience 2003) which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.
In still another embodiment, light output from sample 116 may be caused by fluorescence that results from binding of chemical elements in the sample to biological materials. The binding results in fluorescence when an excitation source, such as the anti-resonant light propagating in the sample is present. U.S. Pat. No. 6,577,780 by Lockhart entitled Cell Designs for Optical Sensors describes using antigens that attach to antibodies resulting in a structure that fluoresces in the presence of an evanescent field. U.S. Pat. No. 6,577,780 by Lockhart is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. By using anti-resonant waves propagating through the sample instead of evanescent fields, the sensitivity of the system can be improved.
Besides the examples given, many other optical detection and sensing techniques may be used with sensors 140 and 144. Those techniques include, but are not limited to single or multi-color light-induced intrinsic fluorescence or fluorescence from tagged molecules and applications derived from the manipulation of the fluorescent lights such as fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM), fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET), fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS), etc., light scattering or vibrational spectroscopy (Raman, IR) or spectroscopic applications utilizing optical activity of chiral media such as circular dichroism (CD), among others. A more detailed description of various detection techniques utilizing photon interactions is provided in Chapter 4 of "Introduction to Biophotonics" by Paras N. Prasad, ISBN 0-471-28770-9, Wiley-Intersicence 2003) which is hereby incorporated by reference.
Although optical detection techniques have been described, other methods of detecting the enhanced light-target interaction may be used. For example thermal detection techniques may be used. Predetermined light wavelengths may initiate a specific exothermic or endothermic chemical reaction which causes a temperature change. The detected temperature change indicates the presence of the reaction and thus the presence of compounds needed to create the reaction. Other example detection techniques include, but are not limited to, ARGOW induced photo ionization or photo fractionation. The photo ionization or photo fractionation generates charged particle which can be detected by known means such as a Coulter Counter.
In order to speed up analysis of the samples, parallel processing of a sample may occur. Thus the techniques described are not mutually exclusive and may be used in conjunction or in parallel to yield rapid detailed analysis of molecules in the sample.
A number of example geometries for a sample geometry, sample states and analysis techniques have been provided. However, the details provided have been provided as examples to facilitate understanding of the invention, and to provide sample calculations. However, the scope of the invention should not be limited to these geometries nor the particular analysis techniques described. For example, the geometries may be altered, the sample may be a liquid, solid or gas, the analysis techniques may use alternate detections systems. Thus, the invention should only be limited by the claims, as originally presented and as they may be amended to encompass variations, alternatives, modifications, improvements, equivalents, and substantial equivalents of the embodiments and teachings disclosed herein, including those that are presently unforeseen or unappreciated, and that, for example, may arise from applicants/patentees and others.
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|7 Apr 2008
|20 Jan 2009
|Palo Alto Research Center, Incorporated
|Sensing photons from object in channels
|5 Feb 2007
|10 Mar 2009
|Palo Alto Research Center Incorporated
|Obtaining information from optical cavity output light
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Books That Tell Kids the True Meaning of Christmas
Books That Tell Kids the True Meaning of Christmas
Many people get lost behind the hustle and bustle of Christmas - the presents, the tree and the decorations. However, we should always remember the true meaning and reason behind Christmas. Here are a five books that you can share with your kids, to help them understand and appreciate the true meaning behind Christmas.
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5 Hindu Dietary CustomsHinduism is the third most popular religion of the world. It is one of the oldest...
5 Messages of Love for the HolidaysThe Bible provides great messages of love that will help you feel thankful for...
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What Foods Can I Eat?Buddhists believe in non-violence and this also goes hand-and-hand with the...
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A certified financial planner weighs in on bad habits
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Jun 12, 2015 The Department of Education will forgive the federal loans many students who attended.
If students default, should colleges pay up?
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Make more than Gustavo Arellano? You pick up the tab
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(visit the link for the full news article)
A Portuguese newspaper has reported on something the American corporate media remains cowardly complicit about and dare not even mention - this week's confab of nearly 200 of the world's most influential powerbrokers in Chantilly Virginia for the 2008 Bilderberg Group meeting.
The Sol newspaper carries a story today concerning two of the Portuguese attendees of this year's conference, the mayors of Lisbon and Porto - Antonio Costa and Rui Rio (pictured top).
Tellingly, the report highlights the fact that Bilderberg has kingmaker power in vetting future Prime Ministers and Presidents, noting how Pedro Santana Lopes and Jose Socrates attended the 2004 meeting in Stresa, Italy before both going on to become Prime Minster of Portugal.
Originally posted by budski
reply to post by SpartanKingLeonidas
Great thread - F&S
Is it your feeling then that the meetings are becoming more public as a way of preparing the populace for the emergence of the NWO or one world government?
Originally posted by budski
Absolutely - it's quite amazing that these people haven't yet figured out that we live in an information age, and that just about everything comes out sooner or later.


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Help me solve my bike creak issue! I have a singlespeed Ti frame with the adjustable paragon sliders. I have pin-pointed the creaking problem coming from the sliders in contact with the frame. It creaks when pedaling seated or standing. A few times I have made it stop creaking by applying a light amount of grease between the two metals but after awhile it comes back again.
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Mehdi Hasan exposes misconceptions about the continent
Explore Japan through its offbeat train culture
14 Sep 2011 03:48 GMT | Politics, Middle East, Egypt, France, Russia
Diplomatic pressure on Damascus from the Arab League and Turkey has escalated, although the Syrian regime continued its violent campaign against anti-government protesters.
Activists say that at least 23 people had been killed on Tuesday across Syria. Of that number, at least 19 were civilians, the Local Coordination Committees of Syria, an opposition activist group, reported.
At least fifteen of those killed were shot dead in the town of Kfar Nubouzeh, near the central city of Hama, as snipers from the security forces fired at a funeral for villagers killed the day before, activists said.
Meeting in Cairo on Tuesday, the foreign ministers of the 22-member Arab League called for the Syrian leadership to take urgent steps to halt violence in Syria, where tanks and troops have been sent to quell six months of protests against President Bashar al-Assad's rule.
"The current situation in Syria is still very serious and an immediate change has to happen in order to stop the bloodshed and prevent people facing more violence," the Arab League said in a statement.
Youssef Ahmad, Syria's permanent representative to the Arab League, stressed "Syria's total rejection" of the statement, considering it "a hostile and non-constructive act in dealing with the crisis in Syria," Sana, the Syrian state news agency, reported.'Civil war'
Recep Tayyip Erdogan, the Turkish prime minister, warned that Syria could plunge into a "civil war" between its Sunni majority and Assad's minority Alawite sect. Erdogan was in Egypt on the first day of a tour of Arab countries where uprisings have ousted autocratic leaders.
Erdogan expressed frustration with Assad's regime, with which he had built up close ties, for failing to "listen to the voice of the people".
Live Box 20117693233259422
The Arab League called on Syria to implement the points agreedupon during the visit of Nabil el-Araby, the league's top official, to Damascus on Saturday. Among the points was an end to violence, release of political prisoners and a clear outline and timetable for a transition to democracy.
The latest United Nations death toll estimates that at least 2,600 people have been killed in Syria since popular protests first broke out in mid-March.
Anger against Russia
On Tuesday, activists in Syria held a "day of anger" against Russia for opposing a Western-led drive for UN sanctions against the Syrian government.
Demonstrators burned Russian flags in the protest hubs of Homs in the centre of Syria and Deraa in the south to protest against Moscow's support for Assad.
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Activists said security forces carried out sweeping arrests and raids early on Tuesday. The reports were carried by the London-based Syrian Observatory for Human Rights as well as the Local Co-ordination Committees, both of which have a wide network of sources.
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text:
Page 1
A Novel Network Profiling Analysis Reveals System
Changes in Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition
Teppei Shimamura1*, Seiya Imoto1, Yukako Shimada2, Yasuyuki Hosono2, Atsushi Niida1, Masao
Nagasaki1, Rui Yamaguchi1, Takashi Takahashi2, Satoru Miyano1
1Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan, 2Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Showa-ku,
Nagoya, Japan
Patient-specific analysis of molecular networks is a promising strategy for making individual risk predictions and treatment
decisions in cancer therapy. Although systems biology allows the gene network of a cell to be reconstructed from clinical
gene expression data, traditional methods, such as Bayesian networks, only provide an averaged network for all samples.
Therefore, these methods cannot reveal patient-specific differences in molecular networks during cancer progression. In this
study, we developed a novel statistical method called NetworkProfiler, which infers patient-specific gene regulatory
networks for a specific clinical characteristic, such as cancer progression, from gene expression data of cancer patients. We
applied NetworkProfiler to microarray gene expression data from 762 cancer cell lines and extracted the system changes
that were related to the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Out of 1732 possible regulators of E-cadherin, a cell
adhesion molecule that modulates the EMT, NetworkProfiler, identified 25 candidate regulators, of which about half have
been experimentally verified in the literature. In addition, we used NetworkProfiler to predict EMT-dependent master
regulators that enhanced cell adhesion, migration, invasion, and metastasis. In order to further evaluate the performance of
NetworkProfiler, we selected Krueppel-like factor 5 (KLF5) from a list of the remaining candidate regulators of E-cadherin
and conducted in vitro validation experiments. As a result, we found that knockdown of KLF5 by siRNA significantly
decreased E-cadherin expression and induced morphological changes characteristic of EMT. In addition, in vitro experiments
of a novel candidate EMT-related microRNA, miR-100, confirmed the involvement of miR-100 in several EMT-related aspects,
which was consistent with the predictions obtained by NetworkProfiler.
Citation: Shimamura T, Imoto S, Shimada Y, Hosono Y, Niida A, et al. (2011) A Novel Network Profiling Analysis Reveals System Changes in Epithelial-
Mesenchymal Transition. PLoS ONE 6(6): e20804. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0020804
Editor: Eric J. Bernhard, National Cancer Institute, United States of America
Received November 2, 2010; Accepted May 13, 2011; Published June 7, 2011
Copyright: ? 2011 Shimamura et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits
unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Funding: This research was supported by "Research and Development of the Next-Generation Integrated Simulation of Living Matter" (a part of the
Development and Use of the Next-Generation Supercomputer Project of MEXT) and "Integrative Systems Understanding of Cancer for Advanced Diagnosis,
Therapy and Prevention" (Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Innovative Areas from MEXT, Japan). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and
analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
* E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com
Currently, several large-scale omics projects, such as the National
Cancer Institute's Cancer Genome Atlas (http://cancergenome.nih.
gov/) and the Sanger Institute's Cancer Genome Project (http://
www.sanger.ac.uk/genetics/CGP/), produce large amounts of data,
including genomic, epigenomic, and transcriptomic information,
about cancer patients or cell lines. Two challenges in omics are to
construct and analyze patient-specific molecular networks to develop
a comprehensive understanding of the molecular mechanisms of
tumorigenesis and to identify molecules that are critical for tumor
proliferation and progression [1]. If these challenges can be
overcome, it may be possible to personalize cancer therapy, improve
its efficacy, and reduce its toxicity and cost [2,3].
Systems biology integrates various types of omics data and
computational tools to represent and analyze complex biological
systems. For example, gene network estimation that is based on
Bayesian networks or mutual information networks can reconstruct
biological systems from gene expression data [4]. However, most
traditional gene network estimation methods construct a static
network by using gene expression data from different cellular
conditions. As a result, these methods only produce an averaged
network for all patients and cannot reveal patient-specific molecular
specific gene network from only a few gene expression profiles of the
patient without making any assumptions about the network.
In this study, we developed a novel statistical method called
NetworkProfiler, which infers patient-specific gene regulatory
networks from a dataset of cancer gene expression profiles.
NetworkProfiler is based on a statistical graphical model with varying
coefficients and a kernel-based data integration method with elastic
net regularization for parameter estimation. A key feature of
NetworkProfiler is that the strengths of the relationships between
cancer progression, metastasis, disease-free survival, and drug
sensitivity. NetworkProfiler groups samples according to the specific
cancer characteristics so that neighboring samples have common
gene regulatory systems. Then, by integrating the gene expression
profiles of neighboring samples with a kernel method, NetworkPro-
filer produces a gene regulatory network for each sample. Finally, we
analyzed 2 post-analysis to discover upstream regulatory genes and
downstream target genes for specific cancer characteristics. Network-
PLoS ONE | www.plosone.org1June 2011 | Volume 6 | Issue 6 | e20804
Page 2
Profiler is the first algorithm for constructing patient-specific gene
regulatory networks from clinical cancer gene expression data to
elucidate cancer heterogeneity.
We applied NetworkProfiler to gene expression microarray data
from 762 cancer cell lines to determine system changes related to the
epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). The epithelial-mesenchy-
mal transition (EMT) is a process that changes proliferating cellsfrom
an aplanetic state to a motile state [5], which allows cancer cells to
leave the primary tumor and metastasize. The loss of E-cadherin, a
cell adhesion molecule, is a biomarker of EMT [5]. NetworkProfiler
identified 25 key regulators of E-cadherin, of which half have been
previously described and the other half were novel candidates.
NetworkProfiler also revealed regulatory changes in miR-141, ZEB1,
and E-cadherin. Specifically, our results suggested that decreased
expression of miR-141 in mesenchymal cells disrupts the negative
feedback loop between miR-141 and ZEB1, which would allow ZEB1
to decrease the expression of E-cadherin during the EMT. In
addition, we predicted 45 EMT-dependent putative master regula-
tors that control sets of genes involved in cell adhesion, migration,
invasion and metastasis, namely, 17 of which are downstream targets
of TGFB1, a master switch of the EMT. To further validate the
performance of NetworkProfiler, we experimentally evaluated in silico
predictions obtained by NetworkProfiler. We consequently found
that knockdown of KLF5, a new candidate regulator of E-cadherin,
characteristic of EMT. In addition, the functional involvement of
miR-100 was validated in some EMT-related aspects, which was
consistent with the predictions obtained by Network Profiler.
Overview of NetworkProfiler
Here, we provide an overview of NetworkProfiler; please refer to
the Methods section for a complete description. NetworkProfiler is a
modulator-dependent graphical model because it includes a
modulator (M) variable in addition to regulator (R) and target (T)
variables (genes). R controls the transcription of T and M is a
cofactor that modulates the interaction between R and T. In this
study, we defined M as a biological or a clinical feature that is related
to cancer, such as drug response, survival risk, or a molecule or
pathway that is related to cancer initiation, progression, or metastasis.
The relationships between R, T, and M are illustrated in Figure 1a.
AsshowninFigure1b,thestrengthoftherelationshipbetweenR and
T varies depending on the value of M. Thus, M does not affect R
and T directly; instead, it influences the strength of the relationship
between R and T. In contrast, existing graphical models, such as
Bayesian networks and mutual information networks [4], do not
consider the effect of M (Figure 1c),sothe strength of the relationship
between R and T remains constant for all values of M (Figure 1d).
In addition, NetworkProfiler can infer the relationships between
R and T, given a value of M. As a result, we could use
NetworkProfiler to construct patient-specific networks with varying
R-T relationships that reflect changes in the feature of interest in
cancer patients. A simple example with synthetic data for R, T, and
M is shown in Figure 2a. In this example, we assume that R
regulates T only with a high value of M (Figure 2b). In this case,
most existing methods that only consider R and T in all of the
samples (Figure 2c) and ignore M would conclude that R does not
regulate T. In contrast, NetworkProfiler attempts to quantify the
strength of the relationship between R and T for a specific value m
ofM byreweightingthedataaccordingtothevalueofM toidentify
the neighborhood of samples with values of M that are close to m.
Then, NetworkProfiler measures the dependency between R and T
on the basis of these neighboring samples. The optimization of the
size of the neighborhood is explained in the Method section.
A schematic representation of the entire analytical process of
NetworkProfiler is shown in Figure 3. NetworkProfiler used 2
inputs: (1) gene expression data and (2) the modulator for each
sample (Figure 3a). The gene expression data was represented as a
p|n matrix, where p is the number of genes and n is the number
Figure 1. The relationships between a regulator (R), a target(T), and a modulator (M) in NetworkProfiler and existing graphical
models. (a). The relationships between R, T and M in NetworkProfiler. The directed solid-line edge from R to T represents ''R regulates the
transcript of T''. The directed dot-line edge from M to the edge between R and T describes ''M controls the strength of the relationship between R
and T''. (b). The strength of the relationship between R and T in NetworkProfiler that varies depending on the value of M. (c). The relationships
between R and T in existing graphical models that do not consider the effect of M. (d). The strength of the relationship between R and T in existing
graphical models that remains constant for all values of M.
Network Profiling Analysis
PLoS ONE | www.plosone.org2June 2011 | Volume 6 | Issue 6 | e20804
Page 3
of samples (patients). If the modulator was an observable variable,
then we directly applied NetworkProfiler to these inputs. However,
if the modulator was a variable that is difficult to observe, then we
used a signature-based hidden modulator extraction algorithm to
estimate the value of the modulator. The output of NetworkPro-
filer is a set of gene networks for every value of M (i.e., sample-
specific gene networks) shown in Figure 3b.
Afterwards, we used 2 post-analysis techniques to extract
biological information from the networks. The first technique
identified upstream regulators of a target gene of interest in the
constructed modulator-dependent gene networks. To evaluate the
modulator-dependent strength of a regulator for the target gene,
we created a measure called the regulatory effect. The regulatory
effect profiles of the upstream regulators for specific target genes
are shown in Figure 3c. The second technique discovered putative
master regulators that control downstream target gene sets with
previously curated functions. To evaluate the enrichment of the
target genes on a functional gene set, we created measure called
the enrichment score. The resulting regulator-function matrix
(Figure 3d) illustrates the candidate regulators (rows) of functions
(columns) that are enhanced in the target genes.
Identification of system changes in the epithelial-
mesenchymal transition
To identify system changes during the EMT, we applied
NetworkProfiler to gene expression profiles of 762 cancer cell lines
from the Sanger Cell Line Project (http://www.broadinstitute.
org/cgi-bin/cancer/datasets.cgi). This dataset included the ex-
pression profiles of 22,777 probes, which correspond to 13,006
mRNAs in these cancer cell lines from the Affymetrix GeneChip
Figure 2. A regulatory change between a regulator (R) and a target (T) depending on the value of a modulator M. (a). A simple
example with synthetic data from 1000 samples for R, T, and M where x-, y-, and z-axises correspond to the expressions of R and T, and the values
of M, respectively. (b). The 3 scatter plots of R and T that are conditioned on the value of M. The left, middle, and right figures represent the scatter
plots from 1-st sample to 333-th sample, from 334-th sample to 666-th sample, and from 667-th sample to 1000-th sample in order of ascending M,
respectively. (c). The scatter plot of R and T that are not conditioned on the value of M.
Network Profiling Analysis
PLoS ONE | www.plosone.org3June 2011 | Volume 6 | Issue 6 | e20804
Page 4
Human Genome U133 Array Set (HG-U133A) and the expression
profiles of 502 human microRNAs from bead-based oligonucle-
otide arrays. The MAS5-normalized mRNA dataset was further
transformed to the log scale and quantile-normalized. During the
mapping of the probes to genes, we selected 1 probe for each gene
that had the largest variance, which produced a final 13,508
(genes) | 762 (cancer cell lines) gene expression matrix.
In this study, we considered transcription factors, nuclear
receptors, and microRNAs to be potential regulators. To identify
transcription factors and nuclear receptors, we selected human
genes that were annotated as a ''transcription regulator'' or
''ligand-dependent nuclear receptor'' from the Ingenuity Knowl-
edge Base (IKB; http://www.ingenuity.com). We also included
some transcription factors that were not annotated in the IKB but
were annotated in the Biobase Knowledge Library (BKL; http://
biobase-international.com/). We mapped a total of 1230 genes in
the HG-U133A microarray gene set to 1183 transcription factors
and 47 nuclear receptors (Table S1). In addition, we included 502
human miRNA probes (Table S2).
To calculate the modulator values for the EMT in the 762 cancer
cell lines, we applied a signature-based hidden modulator extraction
algorithm (see Methods for details) to the expression data. First, we
selected 122 genes labeled ''EMT_UP'', ''EMT_DN'', ''JECHLIN-
GER_EMT_UP'', and ''JECHLINGER_EMT_DN'' from Molec-
ular Signatures Database v2.5 ([6]; http://www.broadinstitute.org/
gsea/msigdb/index.jsp). Then, this algorithm narrowed the set to
Figure 3. A schematic representation of the entire analytical process of NetworkProfiler. (a). Inputs of NetworkProfiler: gene expression
data matrix and the modulator for each sample. (b). Outputs of NetworkProfiler: a set of gene networks for every value of M (i.e., sample-specific
gene networks). (c). The regulatory effect profiles of the upstream regulators for a specific target gene. (d). The resulting regulator function matrix
whose columns are the candidate regulators and rows are functions that are enhanced in the target genes.
Network Profiling Analysis
PLoS ONE | www.plosone.org4 June 2011 | Volume 6 | Issue 6 | e20804
Page 5
50 functionally coherent genes with pv10{5by using the
extraction of expression module (EEM) [7] (Table S3) and
computed the first principal component of these 50 genes as hidden
values of the EMT-related modulator (Table S4). Since the
direction of the first principal component did not always correspond
to that of the EMT, we changed the sign of the modulator values by
Figure 4. Expression profiles of the 50 functionally coherent genes in ascending order of the EMT-related modulator values. The
heatmap represents normalized expression profiles so that the mean and variance for each gene are 0 and 1, respectively. The red color represents
positive expressions and the green color represents negative expressions. The upper strings indicate cell line names which are known to be epithelial
or mesenchymal. The upper horizontal color bar represents the values of the EMT-related modulator with the signature-based hidden modulator
extraction algorithm. The bottom horizontal color bar shows primary histories of 762 cancer cell lines whose color corresponds to one of the eight
primary histories or the other histories (black). The bottom histograms represent frequencies of the primary histories between samples with the 200
lowest and 200 highest values of the EMT-related modulator, respectively.
Network Profiling Analysis
PLoS ONE | www.plosone.org5 June 2011 | Volume 6 | Issue 6 | e20804


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Oklahoma City church hosts Land Run-themed anniversary
A dinner of stew and biscuits was to be served from the chuck wagon, but the meal was moved inside due to high winds. Several church members did cook up a cobbler over the campfire to be eaten by church members after the judging of a pie-making contest.
Malget said the sermon he preached was taken from excerpts of several sermons written by Knowles Shaw (1838-1874), a minister known as The Singing Evangelist. Shaw is known for writing the hymn "Bringing in the Sheaves," which the First Christian Church choir sang toward the end of the anniversary service.
Church members said they plan to go all out next year and make the celebration bigger and better on the church's 125th anniversary.


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I would say I am driven, dedicated, loyal, passionate and easy going. I truly believe life is what you make of it and having a positive attitude makes all the difference. I also know that I am not going to compromise what I looking for in a partner. I by no means am looking for some one with no flaws, I know I have plenty. I am just confident enough to know what I want and go after it; whether it be in my personal or professional life. I love laughing and pushing myself to new limits physically and mentally as well. Stay fit is extremely important to me, but I am also not the health food police; I love to eat and cook. I have been very fortunate in my life to experience many things and travel quite a bit. I love traveling and hope to continue to do so. Material things are not important to me. The relationships we create and personal growth is much more important to me. Feel free to drop me a line if you think we are a good match. I am not looking to play games, start drama, or into people who are not honest or fake.
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- Body Type
- Athletic
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- University
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Understanding where people are coming from, expressing what I want in a relationship, and making people around me feel comfortable.
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My smile and how white my teeth are, lol.
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Books: The Book of Five Rings
Movies: Too many to list
Shows: don't really watch a lot of TV but love Face Off, Family Guy, The Ultimate Fighter
Music: Everything from metal to top 40 to hip-hop...sorry no country
Food:I love to eat, Mexican, Japanese, Thai, and Arabic top the list
Movies: Too many to list
Shows: don't really watch a lot of TV but love Face Off, Family Guy, The Ultimate Fighter
Music: Everything from metal to top 40 to hip-hop...sorry no country
Food:I love to eat, Mexican, Japanese, Thai, and Arabic top the list
The six things I could never do without
Think outside the box. Sometimes the little things can say a lot.
1. My kids
2. My sense of pride
3. Honesty
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5. Good Food
6. Good company
2. My sense of pride
3. Honesty
4. Honor
5. Good Food
6. Good company
I spend a lot of time thinking about
Global warming, lunch, or your next vacation… it's all fair game.
My mind is pretty random. I don't dwell on anything for too long. I am a planner and always think 2 or 3 moves ahead.
On a typical Friday night I am
Netflix and takeout, or getting your party on — how do you let loose?
Varies: Watching a movie with my sons, teaching MMA at my gym, or at a local bar/lounge.
The most private thing I'm willing to admit
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There was this one time at football camp....
You should message me if
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You are looking for an honest individual who is laid back, wants to have a good time, no games, no drama.
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Wis.-Milwaukee defeats UC Davis 81-75
AMES, Iowa (AP)—Ricky Franklin had 18 points, including four 3-pointers, to lead Wisconsin-Milwaukee past a 24-point deficit for a 81-75 victory over UC Davis on Saturday.
Franklin was joined in double digits by Tone Boyle and Anthony Hill, each with 16, and Tony Meier and Deion James, each with 12, for Wisconsin-Milwaukee (2-0) in the World Vision Classic.
The Panthers trailed 51-27 going into the break and came back and outscore UC Davis (0-2) by 30 points in the second period. The Panther field goal percentage improved from 34.5 percent in the first half to 70.4 percent in the second half.
Ryan Silva came off the bench to lead UC Davis with 17 points. Joe Harden had 11 points and 11 rebounds for a double-double. Mark Payne and Vince Oliver each had 10 points for the Aggies.


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Only together can we beat bullying
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I will never be a bystander to bullying and teasing language. If I hear it, I will call it out and if I can, I will stop it. By adding my name I promise to stand up for fairness, kindness and never be a bystander.Sign the pledgeSign the pledge with Facebook
NoBystanders. Join the movement. Take a stand.
Help us stand up for fairness and kindness and end bullying in all its forms. This year alone over 75,000 young people will be bullied simply for who they are and more than 21,000 of those will attempt suicide.
Bullying can have a devastating impact on self-esteem with one in three pupils changing their future educational plans because of it.
NoBystanders is our campaign to end bullying and discrimination by empowering others to challenge all forms of bullying when they can. However we can only succeed if we all play a part – join us today.


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Greed, power and denial cover a deadly truth lying beneath the small California town of San Catalano. Explosions on a construction site operated by real estate developer, Max Farrington (Jack Scalia), suddenly awaken a deadly swarm of Silent Predators, mutant rattlesnakes armed with needle-sharp fangs oozing a poisonous venom for which there is no antidote. It is up to the town's new fire chief, Vic Rondelli (Harry Hamlin), to protect the town from falling prey to the slithering killers.
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This is a great movie and it was in great condition. Played very well, this was a very hard movie to find also, very pleased with purchasePublished 16 months ago by Jennifer Mills
THE ITEM I ORDERED SHOWED UP DAMAGED. THE CASE WAS CRACKED AT THE TOP THE MOVIE WAS SLIDING AROUND IN THE CASE. IT STILL PLAYED BUT WAS ALL SCRATCHED UP.Published on May 12, 2009 by Thomas H. Redfern
Give it a go, Silent Preditors is not a bad movie.
When this movie was shot over here in Australia I was in it, I played Lance Parker a young boy who trips into a pit of... Read more
Luckily for this revewier the plot is so simple I can dispense with it quickly and then concentrate on the derisive parts of the movie. Read morePublished on March 22, 2004
I first saw this movie on Fox a few years ago.It was great!It is probably one of the most suspenceful movies you'll ever see. Read morePublished on July 17, 2003 by K. S Schneider


text: I can't find any instructions for what to modify in my groups page to show the Group Tree. I have set up my hierarchies but can't see how to have them show up on the front end. I am new to WP and BP so I am sure there is something obvious I just don't know how to do! Any help would be great!


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elim_chu, our brand stylist, and andrea_wing, one of our videographers, are the dream team behind the below Vinyasa Scarf how to video.
After hearing how much you loved this how to video we're going to be making more and are curious what else you are wanting to learn or see, in terms of how to wear your gear!
Which of the below two video options would you most like to see us create?
If you have an idea for a different how to video we want to hear from you - pop your creativity in the comments below!


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DOGS: Charcoal lab puppies, AKC registered, OFA, , 2 charcoal males available, 7 months old,they have had dew claws removed, they are current on vaccines and wormings, nice big calm boys, calm disposition, they will make excellent family pets, they get along ...More info Email a friend
DOGS: Puppies,2-11 Wk Old Males $850 Ea,1-9 Wk Old Female $1000.Vet checked,Shots to date,Health Guaranty,Registered.More info Email a friend
DOGS: CKC REGISTERED Yorkie, Morkie, & Maltese. Shots & Wormed, $300-$400. 704-657-4613 or 704-876-3011.More info Email a friend
DOGS: Chihuahua pups and also Chihuahua crossbred pups. No papers. All r current on dewormings and shots. Each pup comes with a three day health guarantee to allow the buyer to have their own vet examine the pups to ensure the are the perfect bundle of joy. Located...More info Email a friend
DOGS: AKC registered female bull terrier puppy, she has loads of personality, white with red ears, she carries Anndee's bloodlines, she has had her dew claws removed, and she is current on her vaccines and wormings, $900.00, call 864-278-8242.More info Email a friend
DOGS: All females, docked, dewed, shots, wormed. Farm raised. Not reg. but champion lines. Well socializedMore info Email a friend
DOGS: No papers. $400/cash. Each pup comes with a three day health guarantee to allow the buyer to have their own vet examine the pup to ensure it is the perfect bundle of joy. We are located in Gold Hill,NC 28071. Call 704-633-5065 for more info.More info Email a friend
CATS: GORGEOUS RAGDOLL Seal Point Traditional Kittens, 1 M, 2 F, TICA Reg. 910-508-6953 Sunset Beach, NCMore info Email a friend
DOGS: CKC Golden Doodle Puppies born 7/22/2015. Parents AKC/CKC registered parents on site. Current on shots, dewormed, vet checked. Socialized with children. 336-518-4281 See photos at www.facebook.com/goldendoodlesofvanhoyfarmMore info Email a friend
DOGS: YORKIEPOO PUPPY female, tiny toy, parents on site, AKC reg, vet care, $600. For pics and info 704-923-5834More info Email a friend


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FCC vows to increase scrutiny of the wireless industry
Free broadband plan on hold after FCC meeting is scrapped
Taking Waves: FCC Green Lights Unlicensed Use of Wireless "White Space" Frequencies [Slide Show]But now comes the hard part: making phones, PCs and other mobile gadgets that can take advantage of the broadcast spectrum's strong signals
Net Neutrality Prevails in Contentious FCC VoteBroadband Internet access will be reclassified as a telecom service under a modified set of rules. Court battles and more Congressional hearings to follow
Nobody Is Neutral When It Comes to Net NeutralityThe FCC has asked for comment on whether the Internet should be reclassified as a public utility
FCC Dreams of a White (Space) Christmas for Wireless Gadgets
FCC to TV stations ready to make the digital switch: Not so fast
Obama taps anti-tobacco advocate for Number 2 health slot, campaign tech advisor to run FCC
FCC opens up "white spaces" to tech companies
FCC Ends Net Neutrality Debate (for Now) by Passing Its Open Internet OrderThe controversial measure will let broadband providers prioritize Internet content, but detractors say the government is fixing something that is not broken
Taking Waves: FCC Green Lights Unlicensed Use of Wireless "White Space" Frequencies [Slide Show]But now comes the hard part: making phones, PCs and other mobile gadgets that can take advantage of the broadcast spectrum's strong signals
Could Next-Gen Cell Phones Interrupt a Football Game?FCC tests technology to ensure future wireless devices' unlicensed use of "white space" bandwidth
Free Internet for all? FCC to vote on plan wireless industry hates
How Will the Fight over Public ISPs and Net Neutrality Play Out?The FCC will soon vote on the spread of high-speed municipal broadband services and ISPs' rights to discriminate against certain Web traffic
Receive Between the Lines: FCC Mulls Signal "White Space" as Part of National Broadband PlanUnused "white spaces" between occupied radio frequencies would help more wireless users find access to the Internet, but could also create greater interference
FCC reveals additional details of its plan to blanket the country with broadband
Net Neutrality and the Open InternetObama have weighed in on either side. The U.S. Federal Communications Commission's (FCC) vote to ban
Broadcasters and Wireless Providers Sound Off in Battle for TV SpectrumThe FCC calls for the opening of 500 megahertz of bandwidth for mobile, fixed and unlicensed broadband use over the next 10 years
Google Asks FCC for Wireless Spectrum, but Don't Get Too ExcitedGoogle has petitioned the Federal Communications Commission for permission to apparently conduct testing on, well, something
Medical Monitoring Networks Get PersonalThe FCC is considering a request to allocate spectrum bandwidth for medical body area networks that wirelessly monitor one's health


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Wave Xtractor
editor's review
buy now £15.00
Wave Xtractor is a lightweight instrument that can help you with editing the Wave data contained within certain file formats suitable for playing on digital pianos. The application comes in handy when you wish to listen and edit the raw data from within the above mentioned files, without uploading them to the instrument's software first.
Multiple input formats
The software supports many music formats that your PC cannot process without the necessary applications. Wave Xtractor is easy to use and allows you to open the files and even more, extract data and organize their PA styles.
The input files may be KORG PA STY, PCM, KMP, PRF, PAD or TVN, UVN and SP2 files, each suitable to a type of keyboard, namely KORG or YAMAHA.
Swift Style Manager
Usually these files need to be uploaded to your keyboard in order for you to adjust the PA style, but Wave Xtractor can decode them, so you can manage them from your PC. You can easily organize your KORG PA Styles with the built-in style manager, by using the available options. Thus you may swap, copy, paste or delete the styles contained in a supported file.
Additionally you may import new styles from other files. The application displays the audio file's properties, such as sampling rate, musical key, duration and size.
Save Wave data
Once extracted from a STY, PRF or other supported file, the Wave information may be edited or simply previewed, then exported to the PC as a suitable format. You can also view a report of the modifications that you have operated within the input file as well as the final results.
Wave Xtractor is a powerful tool that can help you preview and edit RAW information contained in PRF, STY or other KORG PA files. The application comes in handy when you cannot upload the specified files to your digital musical instrument, in order to alter them.
top FREE alternatives
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Credits & Info
- Uploaded
- Jul 12, 2011 | 8:06 AM EDT
- Daily Feature July 13, 2011
If you liked this, check these out!
Author Comments
Rated 4 / 5 stars
I actually live in china, and most chinese people I meet are actually dealing with confidence issues when it come to english. Still, well done.
Rated 5 / 5 stars
The background music is the National Anthem yeah!
Rated 5 / 5 stars
Newgrounds = 新天地
Rated 4 / 5 stars
Nihao, pengyou. I took a rudimentary Chinese course in high school (damn those tones), so I greatly enjoyed this. The info is good, and the humor makes it fun even for those who don't know the language. Good job, hope you make more of these!
Rated 5 / 5 stars
This makes my head hurt so hard, but I love it. Thank you, RicePirate for finally providing me an interest in language, something I've never cared about until now.


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OK by me
Purchased and installed with the Netgear RangeMax WNR3500 Wireless Router. Had to 'reset' (unplug and replug) the adaptor once on first day. After that, all is good! Good price and quick shipping from Buy.com. Very pleased with the whole deal! Read More
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