text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Publication date
|Mar 4, 1975
|Filing date
|Nov 23, 1973
|Priority date
|Nov 23, 1973
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Robert C Matter
|Original Assignee
|Gen Motors Corp
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (1), Referenced by (11), Classifications (13)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
United States Patent [1 1 Matter ALLOY FOR THROUGH-THE-PARTITION INTERCELL CONNECTORS FORMED BY AN EXTRUSlON-FUSION TECHNIQUE [75] Inventor: Robert C. Matter, Anderson, Ind.
['73] Assignee: General Motors Corporation,
' Detroit, Mich.
[22] Filed: Nov. 23, 1973 [21] Appl. No.: 418,462
[52] US. Cl. 136/134, 136/79 [51] Int. Cl. H01m 13/10 [58] Field of Search 136/134, 79, 80, 81, 175,
[56] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 3,803,378 4/1974 Pearson et al, 136/134 R Primary Examiner-John H. Mack Assistant Examiner-C. F. Lefevour Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Lawrence B. Plant [57] ABSTRACT improved extrusion-fusion-type intercell connectors Mar. 4, 1975 and process involving: casting the plate strap lugs to be welded from a lead-antimony alloy comprising between about 2 percent by weight to about 4.5 percent by weight antimony, at least 0.03 but less than about 0.3 percent by weight tin and less than 0.00l percent sulfur; initially extruding the lugs into contact through an aperture in a battery intercell partition, the contact area being between 15 and 75 percent of the area of the aperture; and gradually heating the lug extrusions through a softening stage, an antimony-rich-phase melting stage, and an antimony-lean-phase melting stage. Force applied by rapid-response, declining force welding electrodes causes (1) the softened extrusions to reshape somewhat prior to melting, and (2) the antimony-rich-phase of the alloy to exude out of the welding zone filling voids in the aperture before any substantial melting of theantimony-lean-phase occurs. The resulting weld is dense (void-free), has an antimony-rich ring adjacent the aperture wall, and after rupturing, displays an indicator core useful for evaluating the welds made and monitoring the stability of the manufacturing process/equipment for making them.
1 Claim, 12 Drawing Figures PATENTEU 4 3975 ALLOY FOR THROUGH-THE-PARTITION INTERCELL CONNECTORS FORMED BY AN EXTRUSION-FUSION TECHNIQUE BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION This invention relates to the electrical resistance vwelding of lead-acid storage battery intercell connectors'by the Extrusion-Fusion process described in United States Patent application Ser. No. 418,590 filed Nov. 23, I973 entitled Process and Apparatus for Making Intercell Connectors by an Extrusion-Fusion technique" filed concurrently herewith in the names of R. Matter and L. Spangler and assigned to the assignee of the present invention. More specifically, this invention improves that process by the use of controlled amounts of tin and sulfur in the lead alloys to provide a reliable readily controllablemanufacturing-scale process with the lower antimony content (2% 4.5%) alloys, and strong, substantially void-free intercell connectors.
The basic Extrusion-Fusion process, described in United States Patent application Ser. No. 134,442 filed Apr. 15, 1971, makes liquid-tight, low resistance, electrical connections between adjacent cells ofa multi-cell lead-acid storage battery by: clamping two thick plate strap lugs tightly against an intercell partition having an aperture in it; squeezing two welding electrodes together through holes in the clamp to extrude lug metal out of the thick lugs into the aperture until contact is made therein, and passing welding current through the extruded metal to melt it and, under the continuing force of the electrodes,-cause it to flow into any voids in the aperture while, at the same time, extruding more metal out of the lugs into the aperture until the aperture is packed full oflug metal. With the clamping and electrode forces still applied, the weld nugget is allowed to cool and solidify.
Among theproblems with production-scale implementations of the Extrusion-Fusion process is assuring consistency from one weld to the next over an extended production run and to provide simple quality control techniques for monitoring the welding conditions and the product produced. Conventional non-destructive tests (e.g., air leak and IR drop) have not demonstrated sufficient sensitivity to detect poor quality welds and alert the operator that welding conditions should be corrected. The expression welding conditions is intended to include principally clamping force, electrode force and response (i.e., follow-through), welding current and welding time. This invention relates to controlling thev tin and sulfur content of 2 percent 4.5 percent antimonial leads so that these leads may be used in conjunction with the quality control techniques for monitoring the welding conditions described in the aforesaid United States Patent application Ser. No. 418,590. In this regard, it has been observed that the core size indicator test described in that application tended to be unreliable when the Sb-content of the alloy was in the range of about 2 percent to 4.5 percent by weight antimony. The composition of the alloy was found to be an independent variable requiring careful control in order to extend the usefulness of that core test into this lower range of antimonial lead.
An object of this invention is to provide a low antimony content (i.e., 2% 4.5% SB) lead alloy which produces a reliable, readily-observable indicator of the welding history of the connection made therefrom and hence a manifestation as to whether welding condition adjustments are needed. This and other objects and advantages of this invention will become more readily apparent from the detailed description thereof which follows in which:
FIG. 1 is a partially sectioned front elevational view of a battery made in accordance with this invention;
FIG. 2 is a sectioned, front elevational view of a tool used in the process and the positioning of the parts at the initial stage of the process;
FIG. 3 is a partial sectioned view in the direction 33 of FIG. 2 showing a face of one electrode;
FIG. 4 is an enlarged sectional front elevational view of a portion of the tool of FIG. 2 and showing the position of the parts before actuating the tool;
FIG. 5 is an enlarged sectional front elevational view ofa portion of the tool of FIG. 2 and illustrates the condition of the parts after the initial cold extrusion step of the process;
FIG. 6 is an enlarged, sectional front elevation view of a portion of the tool and illustrates the condition of the parts after the initial passing of current and extrusion, but before fusion commences;
FIG. 7 is an enlarged sectional front elevational view of a portion of the tool and illustrates the condition of the parts at the end of welding (i.e., current passage);
FIG. 8 illustrates the parts ruptured for observation in conjunction with the quality control aspect of the invention;
FIG. 9 illustrates an indicator core characteristic of a cold weld;
FIG. 10 illustrates an optimum indicator core size;
FIG. 11 is an enlarged partially sectioned, plan view in the direction 11-11 of FIG. 2 showing the drive linkage; and
FIG. 12 is an enlarged partially sectioned plan view in the direction 12-12 of FIG. 2.
The invention of Ser. No. 418,590 comprehends cold extrusion to produce contact areas between 15 and percent ofthe area of the aperture and the use of rapidresponse electrodes coupled with a particular welding schedule involving gradually increasing the welding current to effect three distinct physical changes in the lug extrusions, l softening and reshaping, (2) antimony-rich-phase melting and (3) antimony-lean-phase melting. The expression rapid-response electrodes relates to the ability of the electrodes to instantaneously and forcefully follow-up any yielding of the lugs as their physical properties change. A preferred embodiment of that invention provides the rapidresponse with declining-force electrodes and increasing force clamping. The term declining force electrodes relates to gradually lessening the force applied by the electrodes as the lead alloy softens and melts. The term increasing-force clamping relates to the gradual increase of clamping force as the lead softens and melts.
At the welding station, the lugs are clamped tightly against the partition wall and a portion of them cold extruded to contact within the aperture in the partition (see FIG. 5) to produce an initial contact area between 15 and 75 percent of the area of the aperture. The size of the contact area affects the initial contact resistance which in turn affects the amount of heat energy initially dissipated in the weld. Following contact in the aperture, the welding current is turned on and gradually built up to its maximum level. This technique of gradually increasing welding current is known in the resis. tance welding art as upsloping," and with this tech-' nique both the initial and final current levels can be varied to provide an almost infinite current rise pattern. Combinations of upslope and hold or upslope and downslope may also be used, but seem to offer no particular advantages over upslope alone yet require more controls. For constant upslope modes, a welding time of at least three cycles and no more than about 1 1 cyclesis preferred. Below three cycles, the effects of upsloping are lost and above 1 1 cycles, heat distortion of the plastic partition is evident. Welding times of five to seven cycles are most preferred.
As a result of the upsloping of the welding current, the lug extrusions slowly heat, soften and, under the applied electrode force extruding more lug into the aperture, enlarge somewhat to more completely fill the aperture just before melting commences (see FIG. 6). At the same time, the junction between the lug extrusions grows area-wise thereby reducing the contact resistance of the junction. Some void volume still remains in the aperture, principally in-the form'of a ring surrounding the junction and adjacent the aperture wall. The current continues to build putting more heat into the extrusions and the temperature at the junction continues to build until it eventually exceeds the melting point of the antimony-rich-phase of the alloy. The fine grains of the antimony-rich-phase quickly melt and under the unrelenting applied force of the rapidresponse welding electrodes, the now liquid antimonyrich-phase exudes out of the weld zone into the remaining void space (see FIG. 7). The rapid-response electrodes insure filling of the void space 'with the lower melting phase before any substantial melting of the high melting antimony-lean-phase occurs. Finally, the temperature near the center of the weld zone eventually reaches the melting point of the antimony-leanphase remaining thereat and it too begins to melt and complete the bonding of the lug extrusions. The composition of the lug alloy is important to the extent that it must be such as to provide a sufficient amount of the lower melting phase to fill the voids left in the aperture under the forces applied and before there is any substantial melting of the lead-rich phase. The alloyants required to effect this, however, must be such as to keep the hardness of the lead alloy in a range which permits the cold formation of the aforesaid contact areas. In-alloys containing more than about 4.5 percent antimony, the antimony content alone seems adequate to provide the requisite hardness and amount of antimony-rich phase. But when the antimony content is in the range of about 2 percent to about 4.5 percent, the results are erratic and accordingly not useful in conjunction with the core (i.e., bond) size quality control test described hereinafter without the improvement of this invention. According to this invention, the plate strap lugs are cast (separately or directly onto the plates) from battery makers lead-antimony alloy having about 2 percent to about 4.5 percent Sb and controlled amounts of tin and sulfur. The tin content is kept within the range of 0.03 to less than about 0.3 percent (preferably about 0.2 percent) by weight. The sulfur content should be enough to effect grain refinement after casting but no more than 0.001 percent by weight. The re- 'mainder of the alloy is principally lead by which I mean to include not only pure lead but combinations thereof with other ingredients normally found in vary- Typically this could include copper, iron, nickel, silver,
bismuth, zinc and cadmium usually at levels less than about 0.1 percent by weight andarsenic up to about 0.3 percent.
As the lug casting cools, the alloy is segregated into a fine grained structure comprising a major portion of a high melting point antimony-lean-phase (i.e., alpha solid solution) and a minor portion of a lower melting point antimony-rich-phase (mixture of alpha and beta solid solutions in eutectic or near eutectic proportions) dispersed throughout the antimony-lean-phase. The fine grains of antimony-rich-phase harden the solid alloy sufficiently that the initial cold extrusion will not produce a contact area in excess of percent of the area'of the aperture, and melt quickly when their melting point is reached during welding. Welding preferably follows shortly after casting and before any significant.
age-hardening of the alloy occurs since age-harding introduces another variable into the system for which adjustments may be required.
The size of the bond formed between the high melting, antimony-lean-phase or center portion of the connection is used as an indication of the quality of the weld produced and the stability of the'welding conditions. The size of this bond is observerable after twisting the connector to failure by first anchoring one of the lugs and then rotating the'other lug in the plane of the partition until the intercell connector ruptures (see FIG. 8). Since the antimony-lean bond is weaker than the antimony-rich bond, rupture substantially invariably occurs through the weak bond thereby exposing it in the rupture plane. The exposed, ruptured, weak bond appears as a distinct island on the faces of the ruptured connector. These islands of ruptured weaklybonded alloy or hereinafter designated as the indicator cores." The number of inch-pounds required to twist the connector to failure indicates the strength of the weld. A cold weld (i.e., insufficient heat energy) yields a large indicator core. Such connections normally have strengths of less than 50 inch-pounds and cores greater than'0.3 inch in diameter, based on a 0.4 inch diameter aperture/connection. Welds having indicator cores less than 0.3 inch in diameter are acceptable. The absence of cores indicates that the welds are either too hot and are therefore on the threshold of splattering, or have inadequate electrode followthrough tending to produce porous welds. By porous welds is meant a weld which when subjected to vacuum impregnation (2 mm Hg for 3 min.) with a fluorescent oil (e.g., Zyglo ZL-l5 waterwash penetrant sold by Magnaflux Corp.) and black light observation of the fractured sample will show no substantial penetration of the oil into the weld zone. Porous welds tend to create a joint which corrodes with time upon constant exposure to battery electrolyte. From a process control standpoint, a 0.1 inch diameter indicator core is selected as a reference point from which deviations can be made to determine process stability. In other words, the process is set to produce 0.1 inch cores and deviations therefrom are used to determine which direction the process is drifting during the course of a run and where corrections should be made. The 0.1 inch core welds have strengths of about 75 inch-pounds torque shortly after welding. This, of course, will vary depending on the precise composition of the alloy used to make the connection and the amount of age-hardening experienced by the alloy after welding. If the core size is outside the control range of 0.1 0.3 inch, one or more of the welding conditions must. be adjusted to bring the process back into line. Obviously, one could get cores smaller than 0.1 inch and still have excellent welds, but it means that the process is either appraching a hot-welding condition or a slowing of electrode response time that should be corrected before a number of batteries are subsequently assembled with substandard quality. Since welding and clamping forces are for the most part built into the machine and cumbersome to adjust, the core sizes can be controlled by varying only the electrical current variables. For example, the cores can be significantly decreased in size (e.g., from 0.3 inch diameter) by merely increasing the maximum current or slightly decreased in size by increasing the initial current. Similarly, the core sizes can be significantly increased in size by decreasing the maximum current and slightly increased in size by decreasing the minimum current.
I have found that meaningful cores are produceable with most lead-antimony alloys having more than about 4.5 percent antimony, but that with antimony contents of-between about'2 percent and 4.5 percent, meaningful indicator cores are produceable only when the tin and sulfur content is controlled in the ranges discussed heretofore. In this regard, I have observed that the cores produced in an Extrusion-Fusion type weld are not only affected by the welding conditions, but quite significantly by the composition of the alloy. I have observed, for example, that when the sulfur and tin content of a 2 percent 4.5 percent Pb-Sb alloy is uncontrolled, the core size varies independently of the welding conditions, thereby rendering the core evaluation technique worthless 'as far as its being a meaningful welded condition indicator is concerned. I have found that by controlling the sulfur and tin content within the specified narrow ranges and welding the parts with the aforesaid upsloping current application and quickresponse electrodes, indicator cores are produced which are dependent on the welding conditions and thus are a reliable yardstick for determining welding condition stability. In addition to fluidity advantages, the tin seems to provide just the right amount of hardness to repeatedly produce about the same size of weld extrusion and contact resistance between the extrusion wheeas the sulfur seems to contribute mostly to grain size refinement.
It is to be understood that both tin and sulfur are normally found in most battery makers lead-antimony alloys, but not at controlled levels such as discussed herein. In this regard, tin has been purposely added to grid casting alloys in quantities up to 1 percent for several reasons. To increase fluidity of the melt and help reduce casting pot drossing by oxidizing to a wet and thick tin-rich oxide which floats atop the melt and seals the pot against oxidation. Similarly, sulfur is often found in battery makers lead and is usually classified as an impurity causing brittleness. It is soluble in lead up to about 0.0001 percent beyond which it tends to form grain-forming sulfide nuclei. Sulfur, Iilke tin, improves fluidity of the melt and forms an oxidation barrier in the casting pot.
The alloy of the present invention offers particular advantages in the cast-on-strap version of the casting operation (i.e., where the straps are cast directly onto the plate). In this regard, all cast-on-strap processes use either central holding pots and remote manifolds or open holding containers with metering valves or displacement bobs for directing a precise volume of lead into a strap casting mold. This preciseness insures good heat balance of the system to insure good fusion of the cast straps to grid lugs without melting of the plate lugs. A problem with such lead metering devices is that they suffer corrosive attack from molten lead and metal oxides tend to coat and build on the dispensing parts, orifices, and surfaces causing a dimensional change and rough surface that seriously interfere with an accurately dispensed volume. Tin and sulfur compounds contribute to this deterioration in dispensing accuracy. Tin and sulfur compounds produced from the tin and sulfur levels normally used in the battery industry form reactive surface drosses which, while convenient for sealing casting pots, aggravate the build-up problem on metering equipment. By limiting the sulfur content to a maximum of 0.001 percent (preferably 0.0003 0.0007 percent), the oxide build-up on the dispensing parts is minimized. Likewise, when the tin content is held to 0.3 percent maximum, the lead is not nearly so corrosive to valve materials and the sticky oxide of tin does not build up significantly on the metering apparatus to destroy its accurate operation.
The coupling of upslope welding with lead-antimony alloys containing at least about 2 percent Sb and rapid electrode response results in the production of welds which are substantially void-free and have high strengths (i.e., above about 50 inch-pounds). This apparently results from the redistribution of the antimony in the aperture that occurs during welding. As indicated, the lower-melting, antimony-rich lead migrates to the outside of the weld zone immediately on melting where it forms a ring of metal which is stronger than the antimony-lean center. Not only is this ring comprised of a stronger material but it occupies a substantial portion of the cross-sectional area of the weld and, more importantly, the portion which is subjected to the most stress is usage. Moreover, the antimony-lean center has a higher melting point than the antimony-rich outer ring thus resulting in a directional solidification from the center of the weld radially outward the exact opposite of what occurs when there is no redistribution of antimony. This directional solidification contributes significantly to the void-free structure of the intercell connector produced by this process as no shrinkage cracks or voids are trapped in the center of the weld to weaken it or become a site for future failure due to corrosion. A still further advantage here is that only the lower melting antimony-rich metal contacts the aperture wall resulting in less heat distortion thereof during welding. This is a particular advantage in those situations where there is severe misalignment of the electrodes with the aperture as there is less tendency for the plastic to squirt into the aperture. Lastly, the lower melting antimony-rich ring has less tendency to dissolve metal from the lug at the edges of the aperture resulting in a much less tendency for lead splatter or expulsion to occur along the partition-lug interface.
The way in which the force is applied to the electrodes and hence the lugs is a significant variable in this process, In this regard, the force should be instantaneously and constantly applied to follow up the lead mobility as the lug advances through its several physical changes, i.e., softening, first stage melting and second stage melting. Without it the antimony-rich alloy is not quickly moved to the partition wall before the antimony-lean material fuses.- This requisite instantaneous availability of force is not provided by a conventional pneumatic or hydraulic cylinder alone as there is a momentary lag between electrode movement in response to the yielding of the lug and the reestablishment of the pressure in the cylinder. In the few cycles (60 cycles/.sec.) when these physical changes are occurring, even momentary loss of significant electrode force results in poor quality welds. It has been found that incorporation of springs (e.g., Belleville springs, urethane pads, etc.) intermediate the hydraulic cylinder and the welding electrodes provide the requisite rapid-response electrode follow-through. These springs shall hereinafter be referred to as the force-followthrough springs. The use of Belleville springs is preferred since they have a flatter spring rate curve over the distances involved here. The precise amount of the tools. To make connectors using this sytem, the sys-- tern is locked-up at the time the initial cold extrusion is made and all subsequent force applied to the clamps and electrodes comes from the force-follow-through springs which are compressed during the locking up. In the preferred embodiment shown in the drawings, the clamping members are urethane pads circumscribing theelectrodes which compress during lock-up and subsequent follow-through of the electrodes and exert a counter force against the force-follow-through springs which increases as the force-follow-through springs ex pand. The net effectis that the clamping force increases and the electrode force decreases as the electrodes move together rapidly following the physical changes in the extrusions. This permits higher clamping force on the lugs and reduced hydraulic force on the molten metal which in turn reduces the likelihood of splatter or blow-out.
During welding, force on the parts comes from two sources, the force-follow-through springs and the force applied by the clamping means. In the preferred form of tooling for carrying out this invention, the clamping means are affixed to the electrode holders and are themselves spring-biased members circumscribing the welding electrode. In the most preferred form of tooling, the clamping means is a block or pad of compressible, high density polyurethane. The clamping forces need only be sufficient to prevent lead splattering or expulsion at a given current. In general the force requiredincreases as the welding current increases. In the preferred system having force-follow-through springs and compressible clamping springs circumscribing the electrode, the strength of the force-followthrough springs must exceed that of the clamping springs sufficiently to overcome the counter force exerted by the clamping springs. In this regard, experience indicates that the force-follow-through springs should be capable of exerting at least about four times the force as the clamping springs and preferably at least about six times the force as measured with the welding gun in a closed or locked-up condition. It has been observed that high follow-through forces promote porosity (i.e., leakable voids) and require more electrical energy for comparable welds and that low follow-through forces require less clamping force and less energy for comparable welds.
In the most preferred system having a urethane pad as the clamping means, it has been observed that the relationship between the size of the electrode and the size of the'aperture is important, primarily in terms of minimizing case warpage or distortion. This relationship also affects the quality of the weld. We have observed that when the ratio of the electrode diameter to the hole diameter is less than about 0.62 or more than 0.78, there is unacceptable partition distortion or poor welds.
With respect to the drawings, the several Figures show the preferred tooling and illustrate the several stages involved in carrying out the process. FIG. 1 illustrates a battery having cell groups 2 in separate cells of the battery and a through-the-partition intercell connection 4 electrically joining the positive plates of one cell group to the negative plates of the next adjacent cell group. FIGS. 2, 3, 11 and 12 show the preferred tooling for carrying out the process, description of which assists in better understanding this invention. The tooling Figures show a toggle gun welder for making one intercell connection. In actual practice, however, additional tools would be so arranged as to simultaneously weld several or all (five in the case of a 12V battery) of the intercell connectors. As best shown in FIG. 2, opposing electrodes 6 are fixed to copper electrode holders 8 which in turn are affixed to slides 10 which slide horizontally in guides 12. Electrical energy is supplied to the electrodes 6 via connection 7 to an appropriate source, e.g., transformer (not shown). Electrical insulation 14 (e.g., cloth reinforced phenolic resin) is provided as required to insulate the holders 8 from the slides 10 and hence the remainder of the tooling. The electrode holders 8 are moved toward and away from each other as the slides 10 move in response to the action of lever arms 16 which pivot about pins 18 affixed to a portion 19 of the rame 21 of the apparatus and cam the slides 10 to-and-fro. The lever arms 16 are themselves driven by two-part actuator arms 20 joined thereto by pivot pins 22 and joined to each other in a toggle joint 23 at the output shaft 24 of a hydraulic cylinder (not shown). An inverted U-shaped coupling 25 connects the output shaft 24 to the toggle joint 23. The outboard ends 27 of the pin in the toggle joint 23 are carried in bronze bearings 29 which slide up and down in guides 31. Force-follow-through springs 26 (e.g., Bellevilles) are positioned between each of the two parts of the actuator arms 20, as shown. The Bellevilles 26 are centered by guide pins 28 and their compression adjusted by means of washer-like shims 30.
High density polyurethane pads 32 are provided around each of the electrodes 6 and serve to clamp the lugs 33 tightly against the walls of the intercell partition during the extrusion, fusion and cooling steps. The ends of the electrodes 6 protrude slightly (e.g., about 0.01 inch) out from the face of the pad so that piercing of the lugs 33 occurs slightly in advance of the clamping action of the pads 32. This reduces some of the force otherwise required to effect the additional amount of compression of harder pads 32 during welding. For softer pads 32, the electrode 6 may be flush with the depending on the overall force balance in the system.
A groove 34 is provided in the face of each of pads 32 and conforms, shapewise, substantially to the shape of the lugs 33 as best shown in FIG. 3. The width and depth of the groove 34 as well as its closeness to the periphery of the lug 33, permits adjustment of the compressibility of and hence force applied by the urethane pads 32. The groove also lessens localized stress buildup in the pad and greatly increases the life thereof. The clamping face of the urethane pads 32 may have the same angle as the draft angle of the lugs 33 so as to apply uniform clamping force, but in the preferred form, the angle on the clamping face exceeds the draft angle of the lugs by 2 to 6 (4 preferred) in order to apply more force to the top of the lug than at the base thereof.
Electrode coolant enters the electrodes 6 via fitting 35 and flows through appropriate channels (not shown) in the electrodes 6. A particular advantage of the use of urethane pads 32 lies in the ability to harden or soften the pads slightly without changing them by merely changing the temperature and/or flow rate of the electrode coolant thereby providing another means of fine tuning the force system apparatus, if necessary.
In operation, the battery is positioned with the plate strap lugs 33'between the electrodes 6 as best illustrated in FIG. 4. When so positioned the hydraulic cylinder is actuated driving the output shaft 24 thereof completely downwardly until it bottoms out against stop 36. At this time, the follow-through-springs 26 (i.e., Bellevilles) compress and bottom out" the enclosing pads completely, and the system is thus locked up with the initial cold extrusion taking place as best illustrated in FIG. 5. FIG. shows lug extrusions 38 pushed out from the lugs 33 and meeting in the aperthrough force required by the systemQNext the welding current is turned on and gradually increased to its maximum level. The lug extrusions 38 heat up, soften, and under theforce applied by the springs 26, flow somewhat to more completely fill the aperture 40 with the soft but still' solid metal as best illustrated in FIG. 6. At this point, some void volume in the form an an annulus or ring 42 remains in the aperture around the lug extrusions 38 and adjacent the wall of the aperture. Almost immediately after softening, the ever increasing current raises the temperature of the lug extrusions 38 at their interface 39 to the melting point of the antimony-richphase of the alloy and this phase melts. Upon melting and under the instantly available applied force of the follow-through-springs 26, the Sb-rich phase exudes out of the center of the weld zone and into the annuluar void space 42 before any substantial melting of the antimony-lean-phase occurs. This results in the formation 9 an imsmrrtish ea les fi FIQ 191mm?"- ously void space 42 and an antimony-lean center portion (a) [FIG. 7]. During the remainder of the welding cycle, the Sb-lean centerportion (a) heats to its melting point and fusion bonding of the center portions finally occurs. The antimony-lean region (a) of FIG. 7 is weaker than the antimony-rich region (b), and since it is the last to melt, its size and/or degree of fusion is an 10 indicator of what energy adjustments should be made to the system.
To monitor the process, an occasional battery is removed from the line and its connectors immediately twisted to rupture as illustrated in FIG. 8. Rupture 46 will always occur through the region (a) where the bond is weakest and which was the last to melt. The size (i.e., diameter) of this last-to-melt portion (a), as seen on the rupture faces 46 (FIGS. 9 and 10), indicates whether the welding conditions require adjustment to bring the process back into line. In this regard, a large indicator core (a) [FIG 9] dictates increasing the en ergy to reduce the core size to that shown in FIG. 10. If there is no core showing, energy should be reduced to produce a core like that shown in FIG. 10 which serves as a bench mark indicator from which to make corrective judgements. A variation of the indicator-core test allows-the connection to age for about 4 hours until the center/core hardens to a degree stronger than the unfused lug metal. Well fused connections will then fracture along the interface between the un fused metal and the recrystallized metal, but low power, poorly fused metal will still fail through the core. When aged fractures display cores in excess of about 0.2 inch diameter, increased power is called for.
In one specific example of the invention plate strap lugs were cast to a thickness of 0.215 inch with a 2 draft angle on the back side of the lugs and from an alloy comprising, by weight, 3% Sb, 0.2% Sn, 0.0005% S, 0.2% As and the balance principally lead. The lugs were positioned on both sides of an intercell partition comprising an ethylene-propylene copolymer, having a thickness of 0.070 inch and an aperture 0.4 inch in diameter. The welding electrode had a diameter of 0.312 inch and was surrounded by a urethane clamping pad having a 0.402 inch diameter hole through it for the electrode. The clamping pad comprised vacuum degassed polyurethane having a Shore D hardness of 42 47 and a clamping face angle of 4 (a 2 mismatch with the part). Follow-through Belleville springs were selected so as to provide about 1,060 lbs. force on the electrodes and 200 lbs. clamping force in the urethane pads at the start of welding and about 560 lbs. force on the electrodes and 360 lbs. force on the pads at the end of welding for a net followthrough force exerted by the Bellevilles on the electrodes ofabout 340 lbs. during welding. After the initial extrusion, the current was gradually fed to the parts over a total welding period of six cycles starting with about 25% initial current and finishing with about 78% maximum current for the equipment used. The welder was a 25 KVA unit set so as to have an open circuit voltage of 8.2 volts and closed circuit voltage of about 1.5 2.5 volts which, of course, increased throughout the upsloped weld cycle. The current varied from about 4,200 amps initial to about 14,000 amps maximum. Under these conditions, rapid electrode movement was experienced between the third and sixth welding cycles followed by a flattening of the electrode movement trace after the current stopped and during the remainder of the welding hold cycle. The weld produced had an indicator core size of about 0.15 inch and torque tested at about inchpounds.
While I have disclosed my invention primarily in terms of specific embodiments thereof, 1 do not intend to be limited thereto but rather only to the extent hereinafter set forth in the claims which follow.
I claim: I
l. A method of making substantially liquid-tight intercell connections for lead-acid storage batteries of the type having (a) nonconductive partitions dividing the case of the battery into compartments, (b) apertures in the partitions connecting adjacent compartments, (c) cell groups in the compartments, (d) a plate connector strap on each cell group, and (e) upstanding lugs on the connector straps with the lugs facing each other on each side of the apertures, the lugs being thicker than a said partition and having face portions on their face sides adapted to fully engage the immediate surface ares of the partitions around the apertures and joint-forming portions circumscribed by said face portions and adapted by fusion to link one lug to the other through the apertures, said method comprising the'steps of:
positioning the cell groups with their associated straps in the compartments so that the lugs of the straps overlay the apertures of the partitions with the face portions adjacent the immediate surface area around the apertures,- said lugs being cast from a lead alloy consisting essentially of about 2 to 4.5
percent by weight antimony, at least 0.03 percent tion of antimony-lean-phase and a minor portion of antimony-rich phase;
positioning tool means on the back sides of the lugs,
the tool means for each lug including a clamp portion, a bore in the clamp portion and a conductive plunger in the bore, the bores and plungers for opposing lugs being aligned with a substantial area of their associated aperture;
actuating said tool means to cause the clamp portions to engage the lugs with a sufficient clamping force to seal off the apertures with the face portions of the lugs, the joint-forming portions being spaced from each other midway through the apertures and with the partitions defining apertures which are substantially free of lug material;
while maintaining the clamping force, squeezing the plungers with sufficient plunger pressure (a) to cause the plungers to sink into the back sides of the lugs to a depth less than their thickness and short of the mouths of the apertures to extrude said lead alloy from the joint-forming portions of the lugs into the apertures to bridge the space therein and make a contact area between the lug extrusions approximately midway through the apertures, said contact area comprising about 15 to percent of the area of the aperture as viewed in a direction normal'to the partition, and (b) to store sufficient rapidly-expendable potential energy in appropriate means behind said plungers to cause quick and forceful flow of said lug extrusions in immediate response to a lessening of the lug extrusions resistance to flow;
while maintaining pressure on the plungers and force on the clamp portions, passing electrical current through the plungers and lug extrusions in gradually increasing amounts to effect staged physical transformations in the lug extrusions including first softening the lug extrusions prior to fusion, then melting the antimony-rich-phase of the alloy at said contact area and finally melting the antimony-leanphase of the alloy at the contact area, throughout which transformations the said stored potential energy rapidly expends itself as a continuous application of sufficient plunger pressure on the extrusions to cause flow of the melted antimony-rich-phase from near the center of the weld outwardly against the walls of the apertures before any sustantial melting of the antimony-lean-phase occurs thereby formingan antimony-rich annulus around an antimony-leaner weld'center;
deenergizing the electrical current and allowing the fused lead alloy in the apertures to progressively solidify from the center of the weld zone radially outward toward the aperture walls while continuing to maintain the clamping force and plunger pressure to keep the apertures filled during the solidification whereby the cell groups are electrically joined by the lugs by liquid-tight, substantially void-free, through-the-partition connections having metallurgically strong antimony-rich annuli and metallurgically weaker antimony-lean centers; and
monitoring the quality of the weldments so made by selecting test samples and twisting the intercell connectors of the test samples in the plane of the partition until rupture occurs whereby antimonyrich and antimony-lean rupture zones are displayed, comparing the size of the antimony-lead alloy rupture zone against predetermined standards of acceptability and, if necessary, adjusting the welding conditions to bring the process back to within the acceptable range defined by those standards.
DATED EAL] March 4, 1975 mvemoms) Robert c. Matter It is certified that error appears in the above-identified patent and that said Letters Patent are hereby corrected as shown below:
Col. 1, line 66 "SB" should be Sb Col. 4, line 36 "or" should be are Col. 5, line 6 "apprach-" should be approach- Col. 5, line 47 "wheeas" should be whereas Col. 5, line 61 "lilke" should be like Col. 8, line 41 "rame" should be frame Col. 10, line 49 insert (6) after "six";
Col. 11, line 13 "ares" should be areas and Col. 12, line 24 "sustantial" should be substantial Sugncd and Scaled this eighteenth Day of May 1976 A ms t:
RUTH C. MASON Arresting ()jficer UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE CERTIFTCATE OF CORRECTION O PATENT NO. 3, 59,31 I
DATED March 4, 1975 INV ENTOR(S) 1 Robert C. Matter It is certified that error appears in the above-identified patent and that said Letters Patent S are hereby corrected as shown below:
Col. 1, line 66 "SB" should be Sb Col. 4, line 36 "or" should be are Col. 5, line 6 "apprach-" should be approach- Col. 5, line 47 "wheeas" should be whereas g Col. 5, line 61 "lilke" should be like Col. 8, line 41 "rame" should be frame C301. 10, line 49 insert (6) after "six";
Col. 11, line 13 "ares" should be areas and Col. 12, line 24 "sustantial" should be substantial o 1 v Signed and Sealed'this eighteenth Day of May 1976 [SEAL] AIHSI. Q
RUTH C. MASON C. MARSHALL DANN f? Commissioner uj'larents and Trademarks' Q g i
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Jun 28, 1972
|Apr 9, 1974
|Corival Ltd
|Formation of intercell connectors in lead acid electric storage batteries
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Feb 2, 1977
|Jul 18, 1978
|Tiegel Manufacturing Company
|Method for making a side terminal weld
|Mar 16, 1978
|Apr 17, 1979
|Tiegel Manufacturing Company
|Method for making a side terminal weld and product produced by that method
|Apr 26, 1977
|Aug 28, 1979
|General Battery Corporation
|Electrodes for use in the extrusion-fusion welding of lead parts through an aperture in a battery case
|Jan 22, 1979
|Mar 17, 1981
|General Battery Corporation
|Electrodes for use in the extrusion-fusion welding of lead parts through an aperture in a battery case
|Nov 14, 1980
|Jun 22, 1982
|General Battery Corporation
|Method of extrusion-fusion welding of lead parts through an aperture in a battery case
|Oct 5, 1978
|Aug 24, 1982
|General Battery Corporation
|Method of extrusion-fusion welding of lead parts through an aperture in a battery case
|Apr 11, 1979
|Aug 24, 1982
|General Battery Corporation
|Method of extruding, fusing and forging lead connections in battery cases
|Feb 18, 1981
|Sep 28, 1982
|General Battery Corporation
|Electrodes for use in the extrusion-fusion welding of lead parts through an aperture in a battery case
|Oct 20, 1981
|Dec 13, 1983
|General Battery Corporation
|Electrodes for use in the extrusion-fusion welding of lead parts through an aperture in a battery case and method of extruding, fusing and forging lead connections in battery cases
|May 14, 1982
|Dec 4, 1984
|Gnb Batteries Inc.
|Means for welding intercell connections
|Nov 27, 1992
|Aug 4, 1993
|VARTA Batterie Aktiengesellschaft
|Spot-welded intercell connector
|U.S. Classification
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification


text:
HOME NHL Nashville Predators Gear Nashville Predators Ladies Nashville Predators Ladies Accessories (45 items) Product ID: 1428525
Main Content
This item ships within one business day.
$4.99 flat rate shipping. See other shipping options.
- Easy access to all buttons, ports and camera
- Faux leather construction
- Fits iPhone 5
- Imported
- Magnet closure
- Measures approximately 2.5'' x 5''
- Not compatible with the iPhone 5c
- Officially licensed
- Phone snaps in place
- Printed graphics
- Three card slots
Reviewed by 1 customer
- Attractive Design
- Quality Construction
- Quick Delivery
- Shows Off Team Pride
- Stylish
- A Little Overpriced
Best Uses
- Anytime
Comments about Nashville Predators iPhone 5 Wallet - White:
Ordered for my cousin's birthday (she loved it, even if she was the one who sent me the link!). Quick delivery. A little overpriced, but then all this type stuff is (Of course, everything is nowadays!).
Special event items are produced by manufacturers only after the outcome of a game or event. These are advanced sale items and will ship immediately after they are received in our warehouse.
Manufacturer direct items are shipped directly from the manufacturer. These items are not available for international or expedited shipping.
Customized items can be personalized with options such as your name, your favorite number, and/or designs. Some options may be limited by league rules.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Tags: bondage, bdsm, fetish, pain, hardcore, blowjob, , brunettes
Categories: Bdsm, Big Boobs, Brutal Sex, Fetish
Submited: 2 years old
Views: 10564
Copyright © 2006 - 2015 DeviantClip.com - All Rights Reserved.
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Section 2257
Wonder Woman is in trouble! - Wonder Women, captured, bound and put in an orgasm trap


text:
Edward Jenner(1749-1823), Surgeon; discoverer of vaccination
Sitter in 11 portraits
A West Country surgeon, Jenner discovered vaccination against smallpox after testing the country lore that dairymaids, exposed to the mild cowpox virus, did not contract the killer disease. He published his findings in 1798, but it took ten years for the government to accept his discovery. Jenner campaigned vigorously, even encouraging the fashionable 'cowherd' poet Robert Bloomfield to write Good Tidings; or, News From the Farm (1804) to promote vaccination. By 1853 vaccination was compulsory in Britain and Jenner was posthumously considered a national hero.
by Sir John Gilbert, and Frederick John Skill, and William Walker, and Elizabeth Walker (née Reynolds)
by James Gillray, published by Hannah Humphrey
by James Henry Lynch, printed by Kell Brothers, published by Charles Heald Thomas, after Sir Thomas Lawrence
by Richard James Lane, printed by Charles Joseph Hullmandel, published by Henry Colburn, after Henry Corbould
Related People
- Henry Jenner (nephew)
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By: Faxandu
An old commercial for the classic Atari 2600 game "Centipede".
Views: 1,122 | Posted: 09/03/2010
By: coconutjones
This is an impressive stop motion animation depicting how several classic video game characters meet their demise. Centipede, Frogger, Asteroids, Space Invaders, and Pac-man all meet their maker.
Views: 422 | Posted: 01/05/2010
By: Kor3anboi07
Somebody makes an awsome stop-motion vid of classic games using normal objects
Views: 724 | Posted: 01/11/2009
With updated graphics and same old millipede blasting gameplay, classic arcade fans have a lot to be excited about!
Views: 17,116 | Posted: 05/04/2007
Check out a double-pack of two arcade classics with Centipede & Millipede, now on Xbox Live Arcade.
Views: 14,625 | Posted: 05/04/2007
Week of
Oct. 04
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Oct. 11
Release Date: 10/06/2015
A non-linear episodic game with 6 acts.
PS4, Xbox One, PC
Release Date: 10/07/2015
The 2015 edition is revealed.
Release Date: 10/09/2015
The Uncharted series is back and remastered for PlayStation 4.
PS4, Xbox One, PC, Xbox 360, PS3, 3DS
Release Date: 10/13/2015
The monsters of R.L. Stine's popular book series are back to haunt in game form.
PS4, Xbox One, PC
Release Date: 10/13/2015
Xbox One, PS4, PC
Release Date: 10/13/2015


text:
Leaders in the Education, Art, and
Science of Facial Reconstruction
Who we are
ASMS Mission
Past Presidents
Maxillofacial Surgeons Foundation
Contact Us
Educational Courses
Pre-Conference Symposium
October 15, 2015
Boston, MA
Global Pediatric Facial Surgery Summit
November 21, 2015
Austin, TX
Plastic Surgery The Meeting 2015
October 16-20, 2015
Boston, MA
Winter Basic Course
January 22-24, 2016
San Francisco, CA
Visiting Professor Program
Smile Train Surgical Simulator
Conditions & Treatments
Conditions & Treatments
Conditions & Treatments Listing
Cleft Lip
Cleft Palate
Traumatic Injury
Dentofacial Anomalies
Not a Member? Join Us!
Members Corner
Renew Membership
Update Profile
Find a Surgeon
ASMS/PSF Combined Pilot Research Grant (CPRG)
Research Grant
CRANIO Fellowship
Resident Scholar Program
Research Resources
Plastic Surgery Hyperguide
Smile Train
The American Cleft Palate-
Craniofacial Association (ACPA)
AO Surgery Reference
Plastic Surgery Education Network (PSEN)
Find a Surgeon
The web page you were attempting to view may not exist or may have moved - try checking the web address for typos.
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The American Society of Maxillofacial Surgeons
| All Rights Reserved |
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Product Details
Universal 8" Amplified 250W Subwoofer Tube by Pyle®. This Pyle Blue Wave subwoofer pushes 250W of booming bass! The 8' high-power amplified subwoofer tube has a built in high output amplifier. It's equipped with a blue polypropylene cone and specially treated black rubber edge suspension for a distortion-free sound that rocks.
62.53Brand: Pyle Part Number: PLTAB8 UPC: 068888878739
- One 8'' High Power 4 Ohm Subwoofer
- Built-In High Output Amplifier
- Blue LED Light Behind The Grill
- Blue Polypropylene Cone
- Specially Treated Black Rubber Edge Suspension
- 1.5'' Aluminum Voice Coil
- Bass Reflex Vent for Added Sub-Bass Response
- 250 Watts Max Power Handling
- RCA/Speaker Line Input
- Dimensions:10.4"H x 20"W x 9.6"D
Pyle® was founded in the 1960s as a leading manufacturer of high-quality advanced woofers. Reputation quickly grew as customers around the United States used Pyle products and recognized the power of company scientifically-tuned woofers and drivers. Soon, the Pyle Driver, original speakers, became a household name.
- Vehicle FitmentThis part is universal
Year Make Model Fitment Notes ALL ALL ALL This part is universal
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You will never pay more with CARiD! Not only will we match prices from any competitor's website or other reputable source, we will continue to honor that promise for up to one year after your purchase.
We'll match the price at time of purchase, or refund you the difference if done after the purchase. Either way, we are totally committed to providing you the best online shopping experience.
We're car and truck enthusiasts, just like you! And it's enthusiasts we hire in our Sales and Service Centers. Many of our staff are ASE certified and have spent years in the retail auto business.
We conduct our own in-house training, and we even bring vendors to us for hands-on product training demonstrations. You're getting true expertise when you phone or email us!
With hundreds of vendors, and tens of thousands of components for sale, we put tremendous effort into coordinating our data with our vendors' data in order to guarantee that you get the correct part.
Our huge database is regularly cross-checked to keep it current and optimized. At times, our thoroughness makes our data even more accurate than our suppliers! This rigorous process means that you can always order with confidence.


text:
Latest: Quest Diagnostics Introduces Dako's PD-L1 Companion Diagnostic for KEYTRUDA®
Latest: World's First and Only ICD Offering 3 Tesla MRI Access Launched in Japan
Latest: DeNovix Launches Suite of dsDNA Quantification Assays Improving Sensitivity and Dynamic R...
Latest: Optimize Your Pesticide Detection and Quantitation
Latest: Discover the Latest in Materials Research
Latest: My Lab Essentials: Forensic Soil Investigation − Mapping Criminal Influences
Latest: BioTek Donates to University of Vermont Regenerative Medicine Research
What Not to Miss at ASHG 2015
Targeting Genetic Disease in Saudi Arabia
Quest Diagnostics Introduces Dako's PD-L1 Companion Diagnostic for KEYTRUDA®
System Isolates More than 10,000 Single Cells per Day and Automatically Selects Cells to Process
10 Traits of a Science Lab Superhero
Optimize Your Pesticide Detection and Quantitation
Superior High-throughput Genotyping with KlearKall Master mix and BHQplus probes
Evaluation of the Effect of Red Chilli Addition to Food Products on Their Shelf-Life
amaZon speed ETD: Optimization of CID Parameters for Improved Glycopeptide Fragmentation
LC-MS/MS Analysis of Emerging Food Contaminants
Multi-Residue Pesticide Analysis in Onion by a Modified QuEChERS Extraction and Ion Trap ...
Circulating Cell-Free DNA and Circulating Tumor Cell Detection on the MassARRAY® System
Mass Spectrometry
Liquid Handling
HPLC Columns
UV/Vis Spectroscopy
Clinical Chemistry Analyzers
06 Oct 2015-08 Oct 2015
Neuroscience 2015
17 Oct 2015-21 Oct 2015
12 Dec 2015-16 Dec 2015
23 Jan 2016-27 Jan 2016
The MultiPep RS is an automated multiple peptide synthesizer based on a pipetting robot operated by a dedicated PC software. Synthesis is being perf... Read more...
The ResPep SL is a fully automated tabletop peptide synthesizer. The chemistry is optimized for Fmoc-based peptide synthesis with standard activatio... Read more...
Enzymatic digestion of proteins in polyacrylamide gel slices and subsequent analysis of the peptides by mass spectrometry has become a routine proce... Read more...
The MultiPep CF is a fully automated peptide synthesizer with a unique column module that allows the synthesis of long and difficult sequences.
... Read more...


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Reviews and ratings of local lawyers.
Post a review of your attorney.
Learn when to hire and how to choose the right attorney.
Browse articles and Q&A on different legal topics.
For $39 talk directly to a top-reviewed lawyer on the phone using Avvo Advisor. Get your questions answered in a 15-minute call. Advisor is also available as a mobile app.
Post a question and get free legal advice from attorneys.
See what others are asking about in the free Q&A forum.
5.0 stars 17 reviews
Avvo Rating: 10.0
Licensed since 1979
My practice is devoted primarily to personal injury litigation, both plaintiff and defense. I have tried in excess of 100 jury trials and have successfully argued cases before the U.S. Supreme Court, 7th Circuit Court of Appeals, Wisconsin Supreme...
Practice areas & skills: Personal Injury
5.0 stars 13 reviews
Licensed since 1990
I hold nursing homes accountable for neglecting and abusing residents.
Practice areas & skills: Nursing Home Abuse and Neglect, Personal Injury
5.0 stars 1 review
Licensed since 1981
30+ Years Of Compassionate, Effective Representation In Family & Divorce Matters
Practice areas & skills: Family, Securities Offerings
5.0 stars 7 reviews
Licensed since 1977
Judges, doctors and lawyers refer their families and friends to Murphy and Prachthauser
Licensed since 2006
Review: "I went to Mr. Johnson lost and not knowing which way to turn. After fighting with my previous employer to get paid for the hours I worked, I waited months and got no where. I met with Mr. Johnson and he helped guide me in what I needed to do. I me..."
Practice areas & skills: Employment & Labor, Class Action, Contracts & Agreements
5.0 stars 6 reviews
Licensed since 2003
Review: "I worked with Kelley for several months. She was not only extremely efficient and knowledgable but also very empathic with my specific situation. An entire legal process can take a long time, but she was always prepared for the next step in order..."
Practice areas & skills: Immigration
Licensed since 2004
Review: "I am incredibly happy that I went with Attorney Ashley for my traffic ticket. She is a solid attorney, and kept me informed the entire way. She is incredibly knowledgeable and took the time to explain things very clearly and completely. She is als..."
Practice areas & skills: Chapter 13 Bankruptcy, Chapter 7 Bankruptcy, Debt Settlement
5.0 stars 3 reviews
Review: "Susan Hansen came highly recommended to me, and I can appreciate why. I was going through a difficult divorce, including considerable disputes over family assets, child placement and future monies. Sue Hansen is an excellent lawyer. She possess..."
Practice areas & skills: Mediation, Divorce & Separation, Marriage & Prenuptials
Licensed since 1991
Stephen Berman practices in his firm's Chicago and Milwaukee offices where he concentrates his work in the area of immigration and nationality law and handles all aspects of immigration law including employment and family based, temporary visa pro...
Practice areas & skills: Immigration, Divorce & Separation
Review: "I will say that Pat is the only attorney in my opinion who I would highly recommend for any criminal case. He took a good care of me, always accessible. He won a very tough criminal case that others simply did not want to take."
Practice areas & skills: Litigation, Criminal Defense, Business, Health Care


text:
Car manuals are full of useful information, but the booklets also offer some idiotic tips for drivers. Here are 14 tips that'll make you scratch your head.
2013 Toyota Prius V
Page 35: "Do not dispose of the vehicle yourself." It probably won't fit in your recycling bin anyway.
Source: Popular Mechanics
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eikon Hair LoungeFebruary 9, 2012Salon / Barbershop • Wexford, United States
Ask for Dane - he's awesome!
Ask for Dane - he's awesome!
Dessert is phenomenal and surprisingly cheap ($5). Had the triple chocolate mousse... Lemon mousse cake. Both Devine!
Really amazing food. Had the she-crab soup. Delish! Lamb chops are sooo good. Perfectly prepared. Osso Bucco yummy too. Great service, live entertainment. Great "hidden" gem.
Fried green tomatoes are great. Peeled shrimp good, too.
Overpriced, mediocre sushi.
Amazing selection of glasses and shades. Completely unique styles. Heidi is wonderful and so good at picking out frames to suit you and your style. Tell her I sent ya! Best place for glasses in city.
The fish n chips are to die for... Delish!
Skip sitting outside n opt for inside. Loud due to buses n despite being here on a cool fall evening, sewage smell wafts here n there. Best to call 4 reservations.
Try the china doll w pita. Yummy warm dip made w white lentils, green onion, caramelized onion, and light Indian spices (garam masala?). Delish!!!
Apple cider margaritas during the fall. Yummy!!!
Hit up the lil potato patch in lost kennywood. Same fries way shorter lines. Restrooms in kiddie land kid/baby friendly.
Most products expired, thus the low price. If u don't care, then it's the kinda place for u. I didn't buy a thing.
Try a light mocha frappaccino w a pump of peppermint. Yummy!
The Monte cristo is simply decadent. deep fried and served with raspberry preserves. I recommend a light side w this. edamame is really great, too, served w a sweet/spicy spice blend on the side.
The Artisanal sesame milk chocolate is devine. A bit like halvah.
Servings are quite large. Had the blt and fish sandwich. Both good, typical diner fare.
Great drink specials. Fri 1/2 priced martinis all night. Try the pink martini. Yummy!!!
Ask for Babada great girl and great service.
$5 Mondays, all movies. Nice


text:
Revocation streaming 'Summon the Spawn' via Decibel Magazine's 'Deciblog'. 'Empire of the Obscene' reissue with "Summon the Spawn" demo to be released November 13th via Metal Blade Records!Read More
Necromancing the Stone
Metal Blade Records is proud to announce the signing of Necromancing the Stone! Upon unleashing their upcoming debut in 2016, the band plans to take their unique brand of no-nonsense, traditional heavy metal out on the road.Read More
Fates Warning
Fates Warning will kick off their US Tour tonight in Hartford, CT and runs through November 2nd in Ramona, CA. Fans can expect to hear selections from 'A Pleasant Shade of Gray' their Fates Warning favorites and more.Read More
Cannibal Corpse
American death metal icons, Cannibal Corpse, will kick off their US headlining tour this evening. Set to embark in Jacksonville, Florida, the journey will level the stages of twenty-six venues.Read More
On October 30th, Whitechapel will unleash their new feature length video release, 'The Brotherhood of the Blade', which follows the sextet on tour and at home, and dives deep into the hearts and minds of one of metal's brightest acts.Read More
Redemption's 'The Art of Loss' has been completed and will be released early in 2016 by Metal Blade Records. The CD's nine tracks contain over 70 minutes of Redemption's unique blend of passion, melody, aggression and complexity.Read More
New Releases
Upcoming Releases
Latest News
DRAGONFORCE Premiere New Song on Loudwire!
- July 17th, 2014 – New Album Maximum Overload Available August 19th on...Read More
Artillery announces North American Thrash Invasion tour this fall!
- July 15th, 2014 – Denmark thrash metal veterans will return to North...Read More
CHANNEL ZERO premieres video for "Duisternis"!
- July 15th, 2014 – New album "Kill All Kings" out now! The...Read More
GOATWHORE Premieres Official "Baring Teeth For Revolt" Video Via Noisey
- July 14th, 2014 – Summer Slaughter Dates To Commence This...Read More
Destrage to tour Europe with Protest The Hero, The Faceless, The Contortionist this winter!
- July 14th, 2014 – Milan, Italy – July 14, 2014 –...Read More
GOATWHORE To Invade Europe Supporting Dying Fetus
- July 11th, 2014 – US Tour Underway + Grill 'Em All Meet And...Read More
Ensiferum are scheduled to record sixth studio album this fall
- July 9th, 2014 – Helsinki, Finland – July 9, 2014 –...Read More
TRIOSCAPES announce new album "Digital Dream Sequence"; new song online now
- July 9th, 2014 – Progressive/fusion trio, Trioscapes, will release...Read More


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Save on your next vacation when you purchase your tickets with great Branson area lodging choices.
View all packages here:
Already have your tickets & just need lodging? Plan you visit and choose from great Branson area lodging options!
Need more information about opportunities or ticket prices for groups of 10 (+) people? Our team is ready for your call!
Meal tickets at Silver Dollar City and White Water provide your group quick and easy dine-on-your-own options.
Reunite in 2015 at Silver Dollar City - one of the best family reunion locations in America! From demonstrating craftsmen and award-winning restaurants to live shows ans world-class thrill rides, we have something for all ages. Let our team "Create Memories Worth Repeating" for your family this year.
Groups Department
Call 800.417.7770
Email firstname.lastname@example.com
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Discussion BoardsOpen MenuDiscussion Boards Open Menu
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Need help: Scanning photos with OfficeJet Pro 8600
Why is my OfficeJet Pro 8600 model # N911a cutting off chunks of the photos I'm scanning and how can I fix this?
Re: Need help: Scanning photos with OfficeJet Pro 8600
Let us know whether it occur when you do following task.
1. Do Copy from the printer and see whether it occurs. If so, it is something to do with the Hardware.
2. If you already install hp software, use the hp scan software to scan. And select differnt file format (PDF/JPEG) and let us know whether you can see same issue.
3. Use the Paint program, and do a scan and let us know the outcome.
Please mark the post that solves your problem as "Accepted Solution"
(Although I am employed by HP, I am speaking for myself and not for HP)
Re: Need help: Scanning photos with OfficeJet Pro 8600
When I scan a 8x10 and set the file to jpg only part of the page is scanned. How do I fix this?
Re: Need help: Scanning photos with OfficeJet Pro 8600
My 8600 is doing the exact same thing. I have reloaded the software and it doesn't help. I get a full B/W scan on PDF, no color and the detail is miserable.
Re: Need help: Scanning photos with OfficeJet Pro 8600
Re: Need help: Scanning photos with OfficeJet Pro 8600
Yeah, mine's an iMac desktop.
Re: Need help: Scanning photos with OfficeJet Pro 8600
We had the same problem but discovered that the 10x15cm (4x6inch) photos need to be put on the lower right corner of the scanning frame.....hope it helps
Re: Need help: Scanning photos with OfficeJet Pro 8600
I am trying to scan a 4x6 photo to my computer. However, when it scans into the computer it is actually a complete 8.5x11 page black page w/ a 4x6 photo embedded in the page. How can I scan just the photo and get the correct size?
Need help: Scanning 4x6 photos (document feeder) with OfficeJet Pro 8600
I want to scan a batch of photos and use the document feeder.
I set the Scan Photo menus up and the feeder pulls them in fine. However, they are scanned 90degrees off, resulting in a 4x4 square of the photo.
Due to the document feeder adjustable tray rails, I cannot simply rotate the photos and "trick" the software. I tried it and one photo scanned fine (filling in the 4x6 area) but the others went in crooked as the trays don't close to less than about 5 inches.
This seems like a software issue. The 4x6 photo scan expects the photos to come in 90degrees different than the scanner actually sends them.
I'm using a PC with Windows 7 and the 8600 over my network. (which works wonderfully with everything else I've used it for)
Thanks for your quick response.
- Using the HP Print and Scan Doctor for Windows to Help Resolve Printer Issues
- HP All-in-One and Fax Product Family - Interpreting Error Codes in Fax Communication Error or Fax History Reports
- HP Fax Products - Testing Your HP Fax Machine with the HP Fax Test Service
- HP All-in-One Products - A 'Scanner Failure' Message Displays on the All-in-One Control Panel and You Cannot Scan, Copy, or Fax
- An 'An error occurred while communicating with scanning device' or a 'There is no computer connection' Message Displays When Scanning for HP Printers


text:
Disease-carrying ticks more common in W. MI
The blacklegged tick is known for carrying Lyme disease, and its presence is rapidly growing in West Michigan.
Sponsored by:
The blacklegged tick is known for carrying Lyme disease, and its presence is rapidly growing in West Michigan.
An Ohio man says he found a 21-year-old message in a bottle of sorts after it had traveled down the Grand River in western Michigan.
A motorcyclist was killed in a crash east of Lyons early Sunday, and his riding partner was arrested for drunk driving.
Officials are waiting on test results after more than 100 inmates at an Ionia prison became sick.
A 6-year-old boy has been taken to the hospital after he was run over by a lawnmower.
The mother of an inmate who died of water poisoning last year is suing the Michigan Department of Corrections.
The Ionia County Sheriff's Department is investigating an apparent murder-suicide after two bodies were discovered in a backyard of a home.
A lot of people have hobbies. Lyle Denny's is located on the floor of his basement, in the form of a home built seismograph.
A 4.2 earthquake rattled West Michigan and other parts of the Midwest early Saturday afternoon, according to the U.S.G.S.
A four-legged member of the Ionia Department of Public Safety is getting some extra protection.
The Ionia County Sheriff's Office is investigating an alleged rape over the weekend at the home of a Michigan State Police employee.
A large chunk of cash to build a replica of the historic covered White's Bridge was donated by the Meijer Foundation.
A historic covered bridge in Ionia County that was destroyed in a fire nearly two years ago will be rebuilt.
Deputies in Ionia County are trying to locate a suspect who led police on a chase in an alleged stolen truck.
A 42-year-old man was killed in a single-vehicle crash in Ionia County Sunday night.
After half century of service, Herb Mosser says it's time to turn in his badge.


text: Home > Medical > Sleep Disorders > News 22 November 2012 Obstructive sleep apnoea linked to cancer A large Spanish study suggests an association between obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) and the development of cancer in men younger than age 65. 0 A large Spanish study suggests an association between obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) and the development of cancer in men younger than age 65. But the researchers say the age and gender findings should be interpreted cautiously since the smaller number of individuals in each age and gender subgroup may have decreased the power to detect relevant associations. Nonetheless, they say, the associations found deserve further study. Intermittent hypoxia, one of the most specific hallmarks of OSA, reportedly plays an important role in tumour formation and progression, Dr Francisco Campos-Rodríguez, of the Sleep-Disordered Breathing Unit at Hospital de Valme, Sevilla, Spain, noted. "However, despite sharing this pathophysiological pathway, a possible association between OSA and the risk of cancer occurrence had not been previously assessed in human cohorts," he said. He also noted that a recent study by the Spanish Sleep Network showed that when mice were subjected to an intermittent hypoxia pattern mimicking OSA, the growth rate of melanoma tumours was twice that in control animals who were not subjected to hypoxia. The mice subjected to intermittent hypoxia also showed more pulmonary metastases than the control group. These findings prompted the researchers to perform a multicenter study in a large sleep cohort to investigate whether OSA is associated with increased cancer incidence in humans. A likely link between OSA and cancer According to an online paper in the American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, they analysed 4 910 individuals who were assessed for OSA suspicion in seven Spanish teaching hospitals, and who were followed for 4.5 years. "We found an increased cancer incidence (that is, occurrence of a new cancer) in OSA patients exhibiting nocturnal hypoxia as compared with those who did not experience nocturnal hypoxia, independently of several potential confounders such as age, gender, obesity, smoking habit and alcohol intake," Dr Campos-Rodríguez said. It appears that the longer a patient with OSA spends with low night time oxygen levels, the greater the risk of developing a cancer. "For example," Dr Campos-Rodríguez said, "compared with patients who spent <1.2% of the night time with low oxygen levels (defined as an oxygen saturation <90%), those who spent >12% of the time with low oxygen levels (oxygen saturation <90%) had more than twice the risk of having a cancer during the follow-up period." The fact that the oximetric parameters were better predictors of cancer incidence than the apnoea-hypopnoea index, "underscores the hypothesis that hypoxia could be the most likely pathological link between OSA and cancer," Dr Campos-Rodríguez noted. More work needed The association between OSA and cancer incidence seemed to be limited to men younger than 65 years; the association wasn't seen in women or elderly patients (>65 years), but again, this finding needs to be interpreted cautiously. It can't be ruled out that the lack of association between OSA and cancer incidence in women and those over 65 may be due to lack of power, the researchers say. More work, they say, is needed to investigate whether a specific cancer location or subtype is more likely to be associated with OSA and the potential role of continuous positive airway treatment (CPAP) in this relationship. "CPAP is the treatment of choice for OSA patients. This treatment avoids upper airway collapse and its consequences, including intermittent hypoxia. Unfortunately, we did not assess the effect of CPAP treatment in our cohort," Dr Campos-Rodríguez said. "Therefore, although one may speculate that if CPAP avoids intermittent hypoxia associated with OSA, it would possibly have a protective effect against this outcome, whether CPAP reduces cancer incidence in OSA patients needs to be investigated." The study was supported by the Spanish Respiratory Society. The authors have no relevant disclosures. (Reuters Health, November 2012) Read More: Sleep apnoea associated with higher mortality from cancer Benefits of prevention overestimated Sleep apnoea treatment protects heart Read Health24's Comments Policy Comment on this story 0 comments Comments have been closed for this article. Logout Comment 0 characters remaining Share on Facebook Loading comments... Ask the Expert Sleep disorders expert Dr Alison Bentley is a general practitioner who has consulted in sleep medicine and sleep disorders, in both adults and children of all ages, for almost 30 years. She also researches and publishes on a number of sleep-related topics both in formal research journals and lay publications including as editor of Sleep Matters, an educational newsletter on sleep disorders for doctors. Ask a question Questions posted to Sleep disorders expert questions answered by the expert Q: Is there such a thing as too much sleep? posted on 28-09-2015 1 comment Q: A single cup of coffee interferes with sleep for several days posted on 21-09-2015 1 comment Q: Alternative treatment for insomnia posted on 20-09-2015 Q: Diabetes makes it difficult for me to get a good night's sleep posted on 08-09-2015 Q: I struggle to fall asleep. 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Long Island Class B championship: Garden City vs. Miller Place
Garden City defeated Miller Place, 9-4, Saturday in the Long Island Class B boys lacrosse championship.
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Your art is mezmerizing!
great art style
Such a wonderful, eclectic gallery. I love your style and lines!
Can't wait to see more!
Truly magnificient drawing skills!
J'adore trop tes ouvres! elles sont super belles et me donnet envie de dessiner des humains >u<
your work is amazing! I love very much how do you do this figures and sceneries.
Fantastic artwork! Congratulations
Une grande inspiration pour tous^^
I just love the way you draw curled hair.
We may not speak the same language, but your artwork speaks a thousand words. It's fantastic.


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Kevin Corcoran
- Dr. Kevin Corcoran
- Professor of Philosophy
- Philosophy
- Hiemenga Hall 349 (Map)
- (616) 526-6636
- email@example.com
- PhD, Philosophy, Purdue University, 1997
- MAR, Yale University, 1991 (Honors)
- BA, University of Maryland Baltimore County, 1988 (magna cum laude)
Watch a video about Prof. Corcoran's popular Interim course, Pubs, Clubs, and Alternative Worship. Also, see what Prof. Corcoran has published in Books and Culture magazine (here and here) and read an exchange between him and author John Piper.
Courses taught
- PHIL-153 - Fundamental Questions in Philosophy
- PHIL-283 - Metaphysics
- PHIL-318 - Mind, Brains, and Persons
- PHIL-395 - Problems in Systematic Philosophy
- Course code:
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Academic interests
- Metaphysics
- Philosophy of Mind
- Emerging Church
- Philosophy for the Public
Selected publications
In Process: Incurably Human.
Christ and Postmodern Culture (Baker Academic, forthcoming). Co-authored with Scot McKnight, Pete Rollins and Jason Clark.
Rethinking Human Nature: A Christian Materialist Alternative to the Soul. Baker Academic, 2006.
"Perhaps the most outstanding qualities of this book are its clarity and its generosity. Corcoran is able to present often-complex arguments in ways that folks who are not intimate with these discussions should nonetheless be able to follow. The humility with which he presents and argues for his own case is exemplary."
–Joel B. Green, Fuller Theological Seminary
Soul, Body, and Survival: Essays on the Metaphysics of Human Persons. Cornell University Press, 2001.
Recent Publications/Presentations
"Constitution, Resurrection and Relationality," in Georg Gasser (Ed.), How Do We Survive our Death? (forthcoming).
"Dualism, Materialism and the problem of Postmortem Survival," in Kevin Timpe (Ed.), Arguing About Religion (Routledge, 2009).
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The O.W. Lee Avalon Sofa Glider provides effortless relaxation with its gentle rocking motion, and looks great while doing so. The sofa glider, which belongs to the luxurious Avalon Collection of patio furniture, features details like spiraled arms, hand-crafted wrought iron construction, and the ability to gently rock back and forth. Micro mesh has signified quality in outdoor furniture for years, but this sofa's tight mesh design brings added value. Weight: 146 pounds. Dimensio


text: I miss NYC's pizza by the slice. Rarely can a pizza compare to those NYC slices in Manhattan, Brooklyn, Bronx or Queens. However, Pizza Di Roma on State Street in Madison, despite being inconsistent at times, is a close approximation when they're clicking on all cylinders. When they're on the... read more


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MY REVIEW(s)........part 1
MY REVIEW(s)........part 1
Dec 03, 2005 3:11PM PST
"MY M4A1 SD is better than yours"
Im a fan of da first 2 socom games coz they kick ass, some people dont like it coz it looks gay....well people war is hell n its not cool neither...but 4 those people who hate SOCOM...u may likely feel happy about wat im gonna say about this game....SOCOM 3, my review about this game....lets start with single player, good missions but gay AI....nice rides, guns but short n rushed game work...
ONLINE....more guns, rides n huge map (GOOD)....lag n glitches, no crossroad n frostfire...(BAD) all in all... 4 those guys who had socom 2....u dont have to buy this but if u want rides n swimming....better buy....im not saying this game is gay....its still gives da addictive feeling about this game, its likes a coccaine that i wanna play it n play it till my eyes rip off...but i hate about this coz theyre some guys who just wanna cheat n try to glitch or lag while playing....,n i hate cheaters....so if u dont like laggers in online....better off play da previous socom....
Comments (8)
similar probPosted: Feb 22, 2006 12:00AM PST by Scottie_Nice
yeah so I have the same problem with smackdown vs raw 2006. Its sweet and addicting, but PS2 lets "Dial-Up Dan" get online and lag and disconnect! Why did sony give people the option of dial-up....are they fuck-tarded?
KewlPosted: Apr 14, 2006 12:00AM PST by MonkichiRmon
and probably one of the shortest reviews i've ever read. Not that it's a bad thing. And yea, Im finally back on 1up(on a daily basis I hope). Catch u laterz.>.^ -mon
manPosted: Aug 01, 2006 12:00AM PST by socom_killa_01
man socom 2 still much better than 3.
socom 3 is only good for single player.
~420Posted: Jan 01, 2007 12:00AM PST by MissCheeba
Thanks for the review. I have been wanting to pick up a War/Combat game :p, but never knew which one to pick...I think I have one now :)
Thanks again.


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Roberta Lipson, CEO of Chindex International, said, "The successful establishment of the Wuxi United Family Healthcare Center is a result of earnest collaboration between the two parties, which couldn't have come to fruition without the great support from the Wuxi municipal government and the healthcare administration. On behalf of the United Family Network, we would like to extend our sincere gratitude to the government leaders, relevant government offices and all distinguished guests. We truly hope that we will continue to have this great support from all of you in the future operations of the Wuxi United Family Healthcare Center. "
Anne Moncure, President of United Family Hospitals and Clinics, said, "As a member of the United Family network, Wuxi United Family Healthcare Center will have access to the medical resources that our integrated network in Shanghai and Beijing has to offer. The Wuxi Center will cooperate with multiple overseas health insurance providers to set up international direct billing for our patients. We're confident that direct billing will bring significant convenience to the expatriate families in Wuxi and Southern Jiangsu Province, who will gain access to quality medical care at international standards without having to travel to Shanghai or back to their home countries."
As the sixth healthcare facility in China to be owned or operated by
Chindex International, the Wuxi United Family Healthcare Center has been
constructed, equipped and will operate according to the international
standards for patient care which are the hallmarks of the United Family
Healthcare network.
|SOURCE Chindex International, Inc.
Copyright©2008 PR Newswire.
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July 1, 2014
Partnering for Pets and People
A collaborative effort between animal control and law enforcement reaps rewards in New Mexico.
July 1, 2014
Unforgettable: A Girl Named Fred
Profile of a parrot named Fred and her foster parent who nursed her back to health.
July 1, 2014
Helping Animals on a Mass. Scale
A Massachusetts shelter models holistic approach to ending pet homelessness.
May 1, 2014
Unforgettable: A Home for the Blues
A 7-week old cane-corso-pit mix puppy suffering blindness lands in a shelter in this unforgettable adoption story.
May 1, 2014
To Protect...and Serve?
Shelters wrestle with the issue of humane menus for their events.
May 1, 2014
No Place Like Home
Advocates use prevention strategies and fair housing laws to keep owners and pets together.
March 1, 2014
Strength in Numbers
How collaboration and shared data reduced euthanasia rates for the Animal Shelter Alliance of Portland and Oregon Humane Society.
March 1, 2014
Better Together
Mission focus has driven some shelters to combine efforts and resources. From groups that have a productive history to those who were once at odds, animal welfare organizations are learning that they're often stronger when they unite. Though mergers are a complex undertaking, there are several key strategies that can help ease the transition and increase the likelihood of long-term success.
January 1, 2014
Success that's One of a Kind
An Ohio couple's rescue goes from a former doughnut shop to an adoption center anchored by a spiraling tower for cats.
January 1, 2014
Unforgettable: I Saved Her - and She Saved Me
Oreo and her owner saved each other's lives during a potentially dangerous snake encounter.


text:
Originally posted on Fox Soccer | Last updated 12/2/12
SEATTLE - NOVEMBER 22: David Beckham #23 of Los Angeles Galaxy directs his teammates before taking a free kick during the MLS Cup final against Real Salt Lake at Qwest Field on November 22, 2009 in Seattle, Washington. (Photo by Harry How/Getty Images)
Another incredible weekend of Premier League action is behind us in the books, but I want to start with our game right here in the States , and with what David Beckham and the LA Galaxy have accomplished. Yesterday, we were all thrilled at the Home Depot Center here just outside of Los Angeles, and I think everyone has to agree it was a fitting sendoff for a great player and a great ambassador for the game over here. In five and a half years, David has helped change not only the perception of MLS but the game of soccer as a whole in the USA so I was very pleased to see him leave with a 3-1 win and another MLS title. I know Dominic Kinnear and Houston Dynamo are very down, but they shouldn't be - they offered great spectacle for the fans as well but in the end, this really felt storybook for David and the Galaxy. In England, we saw very intriguing results this weekend and I think there are now real questions about the direction Chelsea are in. The club fired a very popular manager...
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text: I stayed in this hotel during my last visit to ooty. The rooms were good and spacious. The location of the hotel was comvinient as it was 1 km from city center. Hotel does not offer any other activities / facilities. It is more of a business hotel in a tourist location. which is not good eneough