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College basketball: Christian gets first double-double as IRSC tops Pasco-Hernando
Isaac Torres scored 18 points as Indian River State College men's basketball won 98-56 against Pasco-Hernando on Saturday in Fort Pierce.
Subscribe to TCPalm.com and our Treasure Coast Newspapers
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Exclusive: 'The Amazing Spider-Man' stars reveal their reactions to Spidey's costume
'The Amazing Spider-Man' (Photo: Columbia Pictures)
What would you do if you found yourself face-to-face with Spider-Man?
If you're Emma Stone, apparently you've just got to put your hands on him.
I sat down with Stone and her costar (and real-life beau) Andrew Garfield to talk about their upcoming movie, "The Amazing Spider-Man," and I asked them both their reactions to seeing Garfield in the full Spidey costume for the first time. Stone admitted that when she saw him in the suit, she got a bit handsy.
[Video: Exclusive 'Amazing Spider-Man' cast interview]
Andrew Garfield and Emma Stone (Photo: Columbia Pictures)
Garfield answered that his reaction to seeing himself in the costume inspired a mix of feelings: "It was overwhelming, of course, and surreal, and you kind of can't believe it. And that kind of remained throughout, actually. I didn't quite believe it, that it was me in the suit." He went on to say that the feeling of disbelief helped ground him. He said, "I think if I started to believe it then I'd lose my mind a little."
[Related: Play the 'Amazing Spider-Man' online movie game]
Garfield explained that the process of designing the suit and tailoring it to fit him perfectly was an arduous four-month long task. He said, "I had to fly certain places to get certain body scans, and my body was changing because I was training."
Once it was finished, then the simple act of putting it on became its own ordeal. Garfield stated he had to be virtually shoehorned into the one-piece costume, which took about 20 minutes every time. But he felt that he was able to use the discomfort in his performance. He said, "It was really useful if in the scene I had to be stressed, because it was really stressful putting it on."
One element of the Spider-Man costume that makes it different from most superhero disguises is that it has a mask that completely covers the face. I asked Garfield if having his face concealed like that was inhibiting as an actor. He replied he found it to be the opposite. Garfield said, "It freed you up, more than inhibited, absolutely, because of the power of the mask."


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Studio 819 Residential Hotel in San Diego, CA
Studio apartments with month to month rent in San Diego, CA. Location in the heart of Hillcrest.
Studio 819 Residential Hotel819 University Ave., San Diego, CA 92103 USA
Floor Plans and Pricing
|Small Studio
|$690 - $820
|1 Bathroom
|163 - 180 sq. ft.
Small Studio Apartments For Rent in San Diego, California.
|Medium Studio
|$875 - $970
|1 Bathroom
|223 - 228 sq. ft.
Medium Studio Apartments For Rent in San Diego, California.
|Large Studio
|$925 - $1,020
|1 Bathroom
|264 sq. ft.
Large Studio Apartments For Rent in San Diego, California.
- |
- |
- |
- Application Fee:
- |
- Deposit:
Property Features
- Property Overview
- Special Features
- Community Features
- Apartment Amenities
- Local Schools
- Pet Policy
Studio 819 Residential Hotel in San Diego, CA
3.4 miles (10min. drive) to Downtown San Diego & San Diego Convention center. Flexible Month to Month rental will secure a temporary home until you find a perfect home. Fax & Copy Service and Free Internet Access are available at lobby. Laundry room and Community Kitchens are on site. Convenient location... Within walking distance you can find Grocery Store, Restaurants, Cafe, Ralph's, Wholefoods, Trader Joe's, Bar, Day Spa and more!
Special Features
- Close to Downtown San Diego
- Rent includes All Utilities
- Gated Underground Parking
- Parking: $100/Month
- Daily, Weekly & Monthly Rates Available
- Cable TV w/ Show Time
- Microwave, Refriderator & TV included
- 7th Floor Sundeck w/ Panoramic View
- Deposit: $200-$500
- Free Internet Access at Lobby
- In-Room Internet Access: $30/Month
Community Features
- Accepts Credit Card Payments
- Bilingual
- Controlled Access
- Covered Lot
- Disability Access
- Elevator
- Fitness Center
- Freeway Access
- Garages
- High Rise
- High Rise
- Laundry Facility
- Public Transportation
- Short Term Lease
- Studio
- Vacation
- View
Additional Information
Year Built: 1989
Apartments in Community: 157
Apartment Amenities
- Broadband Internet Access
- Cable or Satellite
- Carpet
- Furnished Available
- Gas Utilities Included
- Internet Access
- Microwave
- Patio or Balcony
- Utilities Paid
- Wireless Internet Access
Local Schools
- Florence Elementary School
- Roosevelt International Middle School
- San Diego High School
We believe school data to be accurate, but do not guarantee that. Please be sure to verify where your children will attend school before making your housing decision.
Pet Policy
Contact Studio 819 Residential Hotel
Studio 819 Residential Hotel
Office HoursMon - Fri 8:00AM-4:00PM
Take Highway 163 or Interstate 805 to University. From 163 go West and we are on the left.
Nearby Suggested Apartments
Beautiful small community convenient to everything in Downtown and Hillcrest! We offer city living at an affordable price. Lush Landscaping. Sparkling Pool and Spa. Fireplaces. Garages. Convenient To Everything. Easy Freeway Access. Central Air and Heat. Private Patio/Balcony. Private Storage. ...
Enjoy our 1, 2, or 3 bedroom luxury rentals with fully-equipped gourmet kitchens featuring granite countertops. Two tone paint, breakfast bars and pecan cabinetry. Avalon Fashion Valley is a personal retreat within reach of great stores, dining, and fun at ...
Creekside Villa homes range from two- to four-bedroom apartments that feature master bedrooms with private patio decks, appointed kitchens with designated dining areas, and spacious living rooms. You can enjoy additional home conveniences like extra storage space, cable-ready rooms, and ...
EV - Creative. Sophisticated. Social. EV welcomes you to a new way to live in San Diego's vibrant East Village Arts District. * Sleek apartments with cutting edge designs and high-quality finishes will bring out your creative side. With over-sized ...
As you search for your perfect apartment, please keep in mind that rental rates (including specials and discounts) and availability are very fluid in the apartment industry. Based on many factors, the rental rates (including specials and discounts) and availability can actually change not just daily, but hourly, if not even more quickly. While our advertisers do take steps to keep their information current, the rental rates or availability you may find here now at ForRent.com may not be the same as when you contact the communities.


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Crazy for Casseroles: 275 All-American Hot-dish Classics
Read How You Want, 2010 - Cooking - 736 pages
Casseroles illustrate perfectly what authentic, original, regional American cooking is all about. They are food at its most appealing: simple, delicious fare that leaves lots of room for variation and that the home cook can feel proud to serve anytime. Crazy for Casseroles is the final word on American casseroles. Acclaimed food writer James Villas is a man on a mission, presenting all manner of casseroles from every corner of America that feature meat, poultry, game, seafood, or vegetables, plus appetizer, breakfast, bread, and dessert casseroles. All can be prepared ahead of time and popped in the oven for warm-up, which makes them ideal for entertaining, potluck, or weeknight dinners. They can be simple and homey, like Texas Beef Hash Casserole; No-Nonsense Spinach Casserole; or Sunday Sausage, Apple, and Cheese Strata. But they can also be fancy and fabulous like Venison and Wild Mushroom Bake or Deviled Crabmeat Ramekins.
What people are saying - Write a review
Crazy for Casseroles : 275 All-American Hot-Dish ClassicsUser Review - Not Available - Book Verdict
Villas, who was food and wine editor of Town & Country for almost 30 years, has written eloquently about American regional cooking in many cookbooks, including Stews, Bogs, and Burgoos. His latest ... Read full review


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Bandon Beach Vacation Rentals
No prices found through our partners. Please contact the business directly or check some of our recommended alternatives.
TripAdvisor Reviews Bandon Beach Vacation Rentals
Travel Blogs from Bandon
Under the Bridge
... her supernatural abilities. What can I say...I am simply more intrigued with her chaos than her psychic powers. We drive over the bridge, I ask her what time the talk is: "4pm". The clock in my car reads 3.40pm but it's been one hour behind time since day light savings and 15minutes behind since I've had the car. I tell her this; she doesn't believe me. Just like that my heart becomes warm to her in all her psychic glory. I drop ...
Bend to Bandon!
... station attendant outside near the gas pumps. No tipping, just pumping gas.
Anyway, got to Bandon Dunes which is a golfer's mecca. Bandon Dunes is the #1 golf resort in the country according to Golf Digest. Beautiful course and as Dick says, very challenging and in need of water. Lots of brown grass although we saw a lot of sprinkler heads on our walk around the property. No, Dick did not play golf. Back hurting and golf game, too.
As a non-golfer, Bandon Dunes ...
Night 19: Southern Oregon Blues
... are becoming less common thanks to 'starfish wasting disease,' a disease I probably can't catch. Cape Blanco is a wide peninsula stretching out in the Pacific. At its tip is a lighthouse and it is surrounded by huge volcanic islets off the coast. There are small beaches all around the base of the cliffs. Here the ocean furiously pounds away at the edges of land. Jessica hiked down the big hills to that beach and Andrew, Ana , and I followed far ...
Mecca Mulligan
... that had decent chowdah.
Caught up on some RV chores and laundry and was ready to go early the morning of departure. I was thinking of staying in Portland for a few nights, but after some research, the parks that are close to downtown are on the airport runway so not a good choice for sleeping. I decided to head for the hills or the mountain (Hood) as they call it in Oregon.
Ashland report
... Not on the way to anywhere, but not all that inconvenient.
- There are the festivals that bring a constant stream of people to town (the Shakespeare festival is famous, and runs for about 7 months each year, but there are also film festivals, wine festivals, chocolate festivals, and a competition for
new plays ( the winning submission gets ...


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Decatur GA Real Estate & Homes For Sale
1 Properties Found
The median home value in Decatur, GA is $347,000.
This is
higher than
the county median home value of $111,200.
The national median home value is $170,100.
The average price of homes sold in Decatur, GA is $347,000.
Approximately 55.95% of Decatur homes are owned,
compared to 36.66% rented, while
7.39% are vacant.
Decatur real estate listings include condos, townhomes, and single family homes for sale.
Commercial properties are also available.
If you see a property you're interested in, contact a Decatur real estate agent to arrange a tour today!
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2261 Butner Rd Atlanta, GA 30031
Courtesy: DAZSH REALTY GROUP
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BACK ON THE MARKET !!!!!! Beautiful Lot, half an acre, ready for rehab, close to camp creek pkwy, you will LOVE THE LOCATION. Investors get ready, this will not last long, nice level lot. Quiet neighborhood, Good neighbors, house has been boarded up to preserve the interior. The houses on this street are being rebuilt and the value is skyrocketing. The current. Market value of this house is $51,782. You are getting it at a steal.
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ArcTanGent Interview: 'It's like being part of a secret club'
In 2013, ArcTanGent Festival was born and instan...
A Budget that makes little economic sense
Moving rapidly to budget surplus makes us more v...
Vennart Interview and album stream: 'This album is more focused on vocals and guitar rather than pounding your head and complex riffs'
In February 2011 after 12 years, 4 albums and 3 ...
Recent entries
Her Outdoors: August is here
Last weekend I put down my Japanese razor hoe and went to judge other people's plots in the finals of Britain's Best Allotment. The results will be revealed during National Allotment Week next week, so I can't say too much here, apart from thanking the lovely people who invited me and my fellow judges onto [...]
By Jane Merrick | Her Outdoors, Notebook | Saturday, 1 August 2015 at 7:59 pm
Bangladesh land swap tonight shows what India can achieve despite China
Of all the visits to 25 foreign countries that Narendra Modi has made since he became India's prime minister 14 months ago, a recent trip to neighbouring Bangladesh yielded perhaps the most concrete outcome. On a relatively brief weekend visit in June, Modi signed an agreement with Sheikh Hasina, Bangladesh's prime minister, for the two countries to swap [...]
By John Elliott | The Foreign Desk | Friday, 31 July 2015 at 2:47 pm
Her Outdoors: L is for leek, C is for cucumber, G is for garlic
In my last post I wrote about picking the last of the peas and broad beans from the central bed and removing the spent plants. Normally I would cut the plants down to the ground and leave the root systems in place because legumes, particularly the broad beans, develop nodules on the roots of mature [...]
By Jane Merrick | Her Outdoors, Notebook | Thursday, 23 July 2015 at 7:39 pm
Have the cuts to council budgets really been painless for the public?
There have been big cuts in poor areas and lighter cuts in well-off districts. If there was localised dissatisfaction at the impact of these cuts on services a national poll would not necessarily pick it up.
By Ben Chu | Chunomics, Eagle Eye | Thursday, 23 July 2015 at 4:52 pm
Political scandals block the workings of India's parliament
Until a few weeks ago, Shivraj Singh Chauhan was regarded as one of India's most successful and responsible chief ministers. During the ten years that he has held that post in the central state of Madhya Pradesh, he has transformed its agriculture, cared for the poor and for minority groups such as Muslims, and displayed [...]
By John Elliott | The Foreign Desk | Wednesday, 22 July 2015 at 2:06 pm
Why doesn't a higher minimum wage help the poor more?
A surprisingly large share of minimum wage workers are in the top half of the distribution. Indeed, there are more minimum wage earners in the fifth, sixth, seventh and eighth highest deciles than in the bottom two poorest deciles.
By Ben Chu | Chunomics, Eagle Eye | Tuesday, 14 July 2015 at 2:13 pm
In Rome, poetry in motion and couture as sculpture from Valentino and Azzedine Alaïa
The moon hit your eye like a big pizza pie, as they say, at the Villa Aurelia in Rome. It wasn't amore though, it was Valentino. They were throwing a post-show, post-watershed shindig to celebrate their autumn/winter 2015 haute couture collection, which they'd uprooted from Paris to present in the Italian capital of alta moda. Why? Why not?
By Alexander Fury | Fashion, Fashion Sense | Monday, 13 July 2015 at 12:10 am
Her Outdoors: A squash and some peas
In gardening, some things are perfectly named – runner beans can run away up the bean poles, say, and there are a whole host of diseases and disorders which have does-what-it-says-on-the-tin names: scab, brown rot and bitter pit alone in apples… But the squash, the autumnal cousin of the courgette, the fancier sister of the [...]
By Jane Merrick | Her Outdoors, Notebook | Wednesday, 8 July 2015 at 10:30 pm
A Budget that makes little economic sense
Moving rapidly to budget surplus makes us more vulnerable to the next crisis by keeping interest rates low.
By Simon Wren-Lewis | Eagle Eye | Wednesday, 8 July 2015 at 7:15 pm
Nightclubbing and the search for a new individuality. Or maybe just fun, at Miu Miu
Identity is important in fashion – especially today, when there are so many clothes that all seem to look the same. The important thing for designers is distinguishing themselves and their wares from the rest of the flock.
By Alexander Fury | Fashion, Fashion Sense | Sunday, 5 July 2015 at 9:59 am
Latest from Independent journalists on Twitter


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Urgent action on climate change needed for smallholder farmers
Rising sea levels, more frequent storms and droughts are devastating the lives of smallholder farmers. Sign IFAD's petition calling on participants at the UN Climate Summit in Paris to take action and invest in farmers in the developing world.
Terra Madre Youth
Global youth: 'We feed the planet'
2,500 youth from 120 countries are gathering in Milan to answer one critical question raised at Expo 2015: How can we feed the planet in the future?
Reducing poverty in Uganda through pig farming
IFAD's online video series presents new thinking on small-scale farming. This talk features Emma Naluyima, a veterinarian and pig breeder from Uganda, making the case that pork production can be an effective poverty reduction tool for smallholder farmers.
United Nations Sustainable Development Summit 2015
Rural youth are world's largest untapped resource – IFAD President
IFAD President calls on developing countries to harness the potential of rural youth to help end hunger, achieve food security and improve nutrition by 2030.
It's about the people
As entrepreneurs and agents of change, rural people are critical to ending poverty, feeding the world and protecting the planet. Meet 12 inspiring rural men and women who are doing just that.
Feature Story
"Water is critical to development," says IFAD expert
Over 1 billion people still lack access to safe water, and even more lack access to basic sanitation. IFAD takes a look at how water is critical to development.
Feature Story
Celebrating International Youth Day 2015
Young rural people represent a significant portion of the agricultural workforce and play a major role in the development of rural areas. In honour of International Youth Day, we compiled the top five reasons IFAD invests in rural youth.
Feature Story
Stewards of biodiversity adapt to a changing climate
An IFAD grant is helping farmers in Peru, Viet Nam and Zimbabwe develop capacities to manage biodiversity while adapting to climate change.
Spotlight on climate and environment: Near East and North Africa
The Spotlight looks at some of the ways IFAD is investing in climate change adaptation measures in the region to ensure a thriving agricultural sector that is more resilient to climate change impacts like drought, extreme heat, sea level rise and floods.Read more


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Game of Thrones: Seven Kingdoms lets you play in the fall of Westeros. You create a character based on one of to factions vying for the throne of the land after the death of the king. Expect large scale siege warfare PvP, as that is a big part of the gameplay, along with developing your character and building up your faction's forces for the war. The game has paid attention to the source material the game is based off of, so expect to see familiar faces and places brought to life.
- Status: Released
- Business Model: Free to Play
- Developer: BigPoint
- Publisher: BigPoint
- Category: Browser
- Genre(s): 3D, Adventure, RPG, Fantasy
- Platforms: PC, Mac
- Pros:
- +High quality graphics with attention to source material.
- +Action based gameplay.
- +Deep storyline with many characters.
- -Generic style of game.
- -Limited information available.
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- Rift Trial Review
- Rift, published by Trion Worlds, is a relative newcomer in the MMORPG genre, having launched on March 1, 2011.
Game of Thrones Seven Kingdoms
3D Adventure RPG Fantasy
PC, Mac
Game of Thrones: Seven Kingdoms lets you play in the fall of Westeros.
game of thrones, a song of ice and fire, f2p, mmo, mmorpg, fantasy, bigpoint, hbo, artpoint, unity, game of thrones seven kingdoms
3D Adventure RPG Fantasy


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Any long-term investor can appreciate the value of a dividend. Over time, the dividend becomes a bigger factor in the total return of an investment. Mathematically speaking, assume a share of stock is bought for $10 and yields 3%. Five years later the shares trade for $20 and yield the same 3% due to increased dividend payments. For the investor who purchased shares at $10, her effective yield is now 6%. Over the course of 10 years or more, the dividend effect on your portfolio becomes truly significant.
Investopedia Markets: Explore the best one-stop source for financial news, quotes and insights.
Dividends Matter
Dividends do matter but only when they can be counted on to be paid consistently. Often, an abnormally high yield is a market signal that a dividend may be temporary. Yet the market is not always right. During the recession, quality energy master limited partnerships were yielding 15% and up because investors were selling shares as the price of oil and natural gas were declining (dividend yields rise when stock prices decline and vice versa). Yet energy MLPs had hedged production at energy prices that enabled them to maintain distributions. When investors caught on, shares went soaring.
SEE: 10 Dividend Aristocrats
A quality balance sheet, however, is the simplest way to determine the safety and consistency of a dividend. Common stock dividends are paid after bondholders and preferred stockholders. A business with little or no debt is obviously in great shape to continue paying common dividends.
Qualifying Candidates
This article focuses on a simple screen looking for profitable stocks that were sporting dividend yields of around 4%, or double that of the 10-year US Treasury yield. In addition, we're only looking for stocks whose balance sheet showed a cash balance that was equal to or greater than the debt balance.
Meridian Bioscience (Nasdaq:VIVO), a maker of diagnostic test kits used in lab tests currently yields 3.9%. The company boasts a market cap of $806 million, no debt and $24 million in cash.
SEE: The Power Of Dividend Growth
PetMed Express (Nasdaq:PETS), an online seller of pet care products, boasts a yield of 5% and a cash-rich balance sheet to go with it. The company is debt free and has $57 million in cash.
Terra Nitrogen (NYSE:TNH) is a limited partnership that sells and markets nitrogen fertilizer products to agricultural customers. Shares yield about 8% and the company is benefiting from the favorable outlook for agricultural commodities.
Homeowners Choice (Nasdaq:HCII) is a small Florida insurance business that certainly appears cheap from various angles. Shares yield 4.9%, and at $17.07 a share, they are well below the book value of $10.29 a share.
SEE: Digging Into The Dividend Discount Model
The Bottom Line - Buyer Beware
One of the reasons the above businesses exhibit such attractive yields is the share price has declined in 2011 thereby increasing the yield. None of the businesses are facing any significant issues so today could present a decent entry point. But of course, dividends don't mean much if you buy a business with a poor long-term future.
Use the Investopedia Stock Simulator to trade the stocks mentioned in this stock analysis, risk free!
Mutual Funds & ETFs
What Exactly Are Arbitrage Mutual Funds?Learn about arbitrage funds and how this type of investment generates profits by taking advantage of price differentials between the cash and futures markets.
Investing News
Ferrari's IPO: Ready to Roll or Poor Timing?Will Ferrari's shares move fast off the line only to sputter later?
Stock Analysis
5 Cheap Dividend Stocks for a Bear MarketHere are five stocks that pay safe dividends and should be at least somewhat resilient to a bear market.
How to Win More by Losing Less in Today's MarketsThe further you fall, the harder it is to climb back up. It's a universal truth that is painfully apparent in the investing world.
Fundamental Analysis
Use Options Data To Predict Stock Market DirectionOptions market trading data can provide important insights about the direction of stocks and the overall market. Here's how to track it.
Stock Analysis
2 Oil Stocks to Buy Right Now (PSX,TSO)Can these two oil stocks buck the trend?
Investing News
What Alcoa's (AA) Breakup Means for InvestorsAlcoa plans to split into two companies. Is this a bullish catalyst for investors?
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Top 3 Stocks for the Coming Holiday SeasonIf you want to buck the bear market trend by going long on consumer stocks, these three might be your best bets.
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Could a Rate Hike Send Stocks Higher?A rate hike would certainly alter the investment scene, but would it be for the better or worse?
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Corporate Bonds or Stocks: Which is Better Now?With market volatility high, you may think it is time to run for corporate bonds instead of stocks. Before you do take a deeper look into which is better.
How do dividends affect retained earnings?When a company issues a cash dividend to its shareholders, the retained earnings listed on the balance sheet are reduced ... Read Full Answer >>
What is the difference between called-up share capital and paid-up share capital?The difference between called-up share capital and paid-up share capital is investors have already paid in full for paid-up ... Read Full Answer >>
Why would a corporation issue convertible bonds?A convertible bond represents a hybrid security that has bond and equity features; this type of bond allows the conversion ... Read Full Answer >>
How does additional paid in capital affect retained earnings?Both additional paid-in capital and retained earnings are entries under the shareholders' equity section of a company's balance ... Read Full Answer >>
What types of capital are not considered share capital?The money a business uses to fund operations or growth is called capital, and there are a number of capital sources available. ... Read Full Answer >>
What is the difference between issued share capital and subscribed share capital?The difference between subscribed share capital and issued share capital is the former relates to the amount of stock for ... Read Full Answer >>


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WASHINGTON – A man in a Santa suit was shot with a pellet gun during a gift giveaway event in Southeast D.C. Tuesday morning.
The man dressed as Santa, Xavier Hawkins, was shot in the back with a pellet gun during a holiday toy event in the Barry Farms community of D.C. at about 9 a.m., according to ABC7's Kris Van Cleave. Two shots were fired from a nearby building — one of which struck the man in the Santa suit, police told ABC7.
Emergency crews transported the man dressed as Santa to an area hospital and he is expected to be OK, according to ABC7. The toy drive continued after the incident.
A man in a Grinch suit filled in for the man in the Santa suit, who had been working at the event for the past seven years, ABC7 reports.
Police say the person who shot the pellet gun has not yet been located.
Below is the ABC7 footage:
Follow @WTOP on Twitter.
Long-distance travel inspired this fashion show where an entire airport was recreated.


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Atlanta Hawks v Brooklyn Nets
Deron Williams of the Brooklyn Nets shoots against Kyle Korver of the... Nieuwsfoto'sAtlanta Hawks - Basketbalteam,Barclays Center - Brooklyn,Basketbal,Basketbal - NBA Pro,Borough - Type stadsdeel,Brooklyn - New York,Deron Williams,Horizontaal,Kyle Korver,NBA,New Jersey Nets - Basketbalteam,Schieten,Sport,Sportwedstrijd,Stad New York,Treffer,Tweede kwart - Sport,Verenigde StatenPhotographer Al BelloCollection: Getty Images Sport 2013 Getty ImagesNEW YORK, NY - JANUARY 18: Deron Williams #8 of the Brooklyn Nets shoots against Kyle Korver #26 of the Atlanta Hawks in the second quarter of the game at Barclays Center on January 18, 2013 in the Brooklyn borough of New York City. NOTE TO USER: User expressly acknowledges and agrees that, by downloading and or using this Photograph, user is consenting to the terms and conditions of the Getty Images License Agreement. (Photo by Al Bello/Getty Images)


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|Project Name
|Price (USD)
|Project Name
|Price (USD)
|SQL Form to Specified format
|...I need a form that will use bootstrap, save data from a user input then output to a format you will get...c#/.net - User input form that saves to sql database - Ability to output to pdf
|.NET, SQL, C# Programming, Software Architecture, Bootstrap
|May 26, 2014
|May 26, 2014Ended
|Front End Program for PDF Format Database
|...end using something that can access a database and display PDF files based on search criteria integrated...either Mac or PC format. Data: The originial data is in the form of individual PDF files which correspond...correspond to one page in the directory. The PDF files are searchable and indexable. Here is how i see it
|PHP, ASP, Java, XML, Visual Basic, .NET, Windows Desktop, Engineering, C# Programming, Software Architecture, Software Testing, Embedded Software, Website Testing, Microsoft, MySQL, XSLT, Website Management, Web Hosting
|Nov 9, 2004
|Nov 9, 2004Ended
|Quote Form with PDF Email
|...quote form save to database, & emailed in PDF format on submission. Requirements: 1.) Form is Saved...Saved to Database 2.) Form is "form filled" into Adobe PDF and Emailed to specified address We...We will provide you with the layout of the? quote form by attached image.
|PHP, ASP, .NET, Project Management, Engineering, SQL, C# Programming, Software Architecture, Software Testing, Website Testing, MySQL, Website Management, Web Hosting
|Apr 5, 2009
|Apr 5, 2009Ended
|Order form in .pdf OR .doc format.
|A form shall be created, either in word format OR in .pdf format, which validates the input from the...shall send the form by e-mail to an email address that can be found in a drop down in the form. It is...to the form during the development. There must therefore be a number of iterations where the form is shown
|PHP, Project Management, Engineering, Excel, Powerpoint, Software Architecture, Microsoft Access, Software Testing, Word, Microsoft Exchange, MySQL
|Feb 28, 2008
|Feb 28, 2008Ended
|Convert PDF form to writeable format ....
|Need to convert the attached PDF form to a format where the fields can be typed into. User can then...cannot meet deadline. This is a government form so format MUST stay as-is.
|Graphic Design, Templates, Brochure Design, Flyer Design
|Jan 18, 2012
|Jan 18, 2012Ended
|pdf or docx form creation
|...report which is to be filled with data from an SQL database. I want parts of the report to be dynamic (e.g...rows). The report can then be saved in either pdf or docx format. Our systems are .net. The
|Jun 24, 2012
|Jun 24, 2012Ended
|Create PHP to PDF form
|I require a form to be created in PHP that will operate from my website. NO WORDPRESS - THIS IS NOT WORDPRESS...WORDPRESS!!! - The form will have around 90 - 110 fields. Most of them YES/NO radio buttons. Some...mandatory. When form is completed, user will submit. Form will then populate database. When the user
|PHP, MySQL, HTML
|May 22, 2014
|May 22, 2014Ended
|Data into Form (Word or PDF)
|...that has form fields in it. We want to be able to insert data on the fly into those Word form fields via...match the same format and styling as if the end-user entered data directly into the Word form document. ...document in a format that can have data inserted on-the-fly, and then converted into PDF or DOC. Open-source
|PHP, Project Management, Engineering, Excel, Powerpoint, Software Architecture, Microsoft Access, Software Testing, Word, Website Testing, Microsoft Exchange, MySQL, Website Management, Web Hosting
|Jan 25, 2009
|Jan 25, 2009Ended
|ASP.NET WEB FORM to PDF to ACCESS DATABASE
|...resource listing, advertisers are forced into this format: Name of Company Address 1 Address 2 ...make changes to allow that. The final result (PDF FILE) needs to be named the name of the copmany (TheBakeShoppe...fully-functional working program(s) in executable form as well as complete source code of all work done
|PHP, ASP, XML, .NET, Engineering, C# Programming, Software Architecture, Microsoft Access, Software Testing, Website Testing, MySQL, XSLT, Google Chrome, Apple Safari, Website Management, Web Hosting
|Apr 20, 2005
|Apr 20, 2005Ended
|424415 Fillable PDF to database
|...project is about connecting a Fillable PDF form to a database so the form can be retrieve later. Desire...Interface can be PDF or web-based, but it must be able to generate the form in PDF format. Please PM
|PDF, Anything Goes, Database Administration
|Jun 30, 2010
|Jun 30, 2010Ended
|Embed a form in a pdf
|...that allows me to embed a form in a pdf document. An example is a form that asks for a person's name...to be able to customize the look and fields in a form, and put in radio buttons, a drop down, text boxes...you can put into a form. I need the form data to be saved and put into xml format so it can be sent
|PHP, Script Install, Website Design, Software Architecture, Software Testing, Website Testing, Templates, Shell Script, MySQL, Blog Design, Icon Design, Website Management, Web Hosting
|Mar 8, 2012
|Mar 8, 2012Ended
|PHP, Javascript, PDF, MySQL, HTML
|Mar 23, 2011
|Mar 23, 2011Ended
|Html + PHP form converted to PDF
|...need an HTML form built. The data from the form should be submitted into a mysql database and also emailed...emailed in PDF format to an email address
|PHP, Graphic Design, PDF, MySQL, HTML5
|Feb 1, 2015
|Feb 1, 2015Ended
|Create Fillable Form in PDF
|Create a 24 page fillable PDF form with a button to send the form details to an email address and another...another button to Print the form along with the filled in details. The PDF form would be a part of a website...the form link he would get the PDF form that he fills up and clicks Send to Email to send the form data
|PHP, Engineering, Video Services, Software Architecture, Software Testing, Website Testing, MySQL, Website Management, Videography, Web Hosting
|Aug 19, 2008
|Aug 19, 2008Ended
|Embed a form in a pdf
|...that allows me to embed a form in a pdf document. An example is a form that asks for a person's name...to be able to customize the look and fields in a form, and put in radio buttons, a drop down, text boxes...you can put into a form. I need the form data to be saved and put into xml format so it can be sent
|XML, Script Install, Website Design, Software Architecture, PDF
|Mar 8, 2012
|Mar 8, 2012Ended
|PDF Form Design
|Hi, I want to design a PDF form or a form in application commonly availablew such as Microsoft Word...be enough to describe the scope of the project. Form should be: 1) Simple and userfriendly. 2)...the user should not be allowed to submit the form. 5) Form should be able to export the selected data
|Excel, Microsoft Access, Word, Adobe LiveCycle Designer
|Aug 24, 2012
|Aug 24, 2012Ended
|Convert PDF to Fillable PDF Format
|...two page form and two, one page forms that I need formatted as a fillable PDF. The form must work
|PDF, Format & Layout
|Dec 28, 2011
|Dec 28, 2011Ended
|PDF / Online form
|I have a PDF form which users complete and fill online. When they click the "send by email", I actually...completed PDF they have filled to be sent to me as an email attachment in the same format and layout...the PDF they have sent. I want the whole process to be very simple for the user. An online form is also
|PHP, Web Security, Engineering, Computer Security, Software Architecture, Software Testing, Website Testing, MySQL, Website Management, Web Hosting
|Sep 12, 2007
|Sep 12, 2007Ended
|Mail Merge into Microsoft Word and PDF Format
|...into a custom PDF or Word Document. There should be a choice as to which document format to create. Once...service and is does not have restrictions. If both PDF and word cannot be created then 1 of the 2 will be...fully-functional working program(s) in executable form as well as complete source code of all work done
|PHP, Visual Basic, .NET, Windows Desktop, Engineering, SQL, Software Architecture, Software Testing, Microsoft, MySQL
|Oct 2, 2006
|Oct 2, 2006Ended
|PDF format change with Graph
|In the "other" section of the form I would like a graph with 1 adjustable axis. The fixed axis is the
|PDF, Electronic Forms, Format & Layout
|Sep 14, 2015
|Sep 14, 2015Ended


text:
A comparison of cancer rates reveals differences in cancer causation between economically developed and economically developing countries. In economically developed countries, the three most commonly diagnosed cancers in 2008 were prostate, lung, and colorectal cancers in men and breast, colorectal, and lung cancers in women. In economically developing countries, cancers of the lung, stomach, and liver were most frequently diagnosed in men while breast, cervical, and lung cancers were the most commonly diagnosed in women. Two of the three leading cancers in men (stomach and liver) and one of the three leading cancers in women (cervix) in developing countries are related to infection. Overall, about one in four cancers in developing countries are related to infection compared to fewer than one in ten in developed countries.
The report also outlines shifts in cancer trends that point to the increasing impact that unhealthy behaviors are beginning to have in developing countries. While male lung cancer death rates are decreasing in most Western countries, they are increasing in China and several other countries in Asia and Africa where the tobacco epidemic is in earlier stages and smoking prevalence has not begun to drop, or even continues to increase. Lung cancer rates in women, which have plateaued in the US, are also increasing in many countries, notably in Spain,
|Contact: David Sampson
American Cancer Society


text:
Guest Reviews (60)
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text: f t @ #64,013 of 1,088,971 People < what's the formula? Robert Colin Boyd listed on ( 1 ) Robert Colin Boyd is listed on... Famous (Alleged) Illuminati Members List of all famous Illuminati members, past and present. . . supposedly. The following list of alleged celebrity Illuminati members was put together by reading various sources. Yes...read more Robert Colin Boyd videos "Tasty Sweet" Colin Boyd OFFICIAL VIDEO Colin Boyd Band at Poor David's Pub, August 3rd 2013, "Shine" and "That Girl" Mike Hagan: Boyd E. Graves (2-4-08)[1of5](Depopulation Agenda) Ephemeral Desire


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- 138Promote
Framed Art Print
Blue Bearby Lush Tart
Choose from a variety of frame styles, colors and sizes to compliment your favorite Society6 gallery, or fine art print - made ready to hang. Fine-crafted from solid woods, premium shatterproof acrylic protects the face of the art print, while an acid free dust cover on the back provides a custom finish. All framed art prints include wall hanging hardware.
Great work!!
Nice work!~ Very cool :)
Love it!
Thank you everyone :)
Love this it's gorgeous
Thanks Marcella
i like your owl and your bear, they're very cute, can i know whether you draw them by pen or computer?
Hi Lalisa, Thanks so much! and to answer your question, I draw using pens. lately ive been using the Sakura Pigma Micron pens and a color using illustrator.
Nice job!!
Thanks Pegeen!
Hi Lush, thanks for you replying, they're really awesome!!
Thank you Lalisa!
Thanks CUCU
I'm number 100 to say I like it :))))
:) Thanks Marianna!
I wanna Hug him
Thank you Gabriela!
I love your work!!
Thanks Rudolf
he's awesome!
Thanks TotalBabyCakes!
So pretty!
love your creations! all the patterns and details are lovely!
Please like and follow me too! http://society6.com/product/blue-tree-q0l_print I really like your art style!
See More Comments


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"Love these graduation address labels for my daughter's graduation. They added the extra special touch I was looking for !!!"
"I like the top part of this design where I typed my nephew's and niece's nicknames, it becomes the focal part of the sticker. I ordered two labels, one pink for my niece and one blue for my nephew. The colors stand out and I wasn't disappointed with it. I like the shade of each and the simplicity of the font. Also, the delivery is fast! It was scheduled to arrive on 05/28 but I got it today, 05/22. Awesome!"
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"Tiny Prints products always arrive in a timely fashion; these chic labels were no different. I've used these labels in the past and I was delighted to order them again. Excellent paper quality. Uniform adhesive. Brightly colored graphics. Cheerful design. Loved the color options."
"-color (clean & bright) -text (professional) -quality (perfect) I love the way the labels turned out. They are clean cut and look nice on the white envlope."


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FS Featured Guest
Ask a Copyright and Licensing Attorney Your Photography Legal Questions Right Now
Every photographer out there either has legal counsel or very much should have legal counsel. After all, it's a new world out there, and protecting your intellectual property here in 2015 is crucial. That said, there are those who have yet to seek legal counsel, or perhaps feel no need to as they shoot as a hobby. But if you could ask a copyright and licensing attorney anything, what would you ask?
How to Not Be a Creepy Photographer
This is a post for all the dude photographers out there. I really don't want to be writing this, because I don't think it should have to be said, but apparently it does. This post is simply a call and reminder to treat your models with the respect that they deserve. I want to talk about respecting your subject's boundaries in general, but I also want to address the psychological part within men's minds that makes them want to see women naked.
Do These Lights Make Me Look Fat? Defining Muscles With Directional Lighting
We all know the concept of a skinny mirror or fat mirror but lighting is really what can change your appearance in photos, especially when defining muscles.
Jerry Ghionis On Common Photographer Fears and Pitfalls
What do you get when you mix a little Australian photographer Jerry Ghionis with NJ Wedding Photographer Vanessa Joy? A conversation that talks about mastering the art of photography all in a half hour audio interview about common photographer fears and pitfalls. Jerry talks about his climb from his family losing their home to where he is today with nothing but a fierce passion and work ethic in his pocket.
Interview With Australian Fine Art Photographer and Digital Artist Alexia Sinclair
About 5 years ago, when I was still in my Photography college in Australia, our teachers would regularly introduce us to the new and noteworthy Australian photographers' and digital artists' work. Among others there was one artist, whose work really grabbed my attention and I have been watching her growth and success ever since.
One Frame Inspires Millions of Others
The following is a guest post by Patrick Moreau of Stillmotion:
As image makers, we know the power a photo can have. Whether in the context of a wedding, a magazine ad, or even a simple a snapshot of your kids when they weren't expecting it; the emotional effect of a photograph can be all-encompassing. Worth a thousand words, as they say. But can a photograph change the lives of thousands of people around the world?
I Was Wrong. I Need To Apologize To Anyone I've Offended.
For a while I've wanted to pour out everything in my heart, but it's been bottled up. Out of fear, humiliation, and hurt. What I've encountered in the past few days is one of the hardest moments of my professional life, but I need to address this face-forward.
Finding Inspiration and Happiness In Your Business
Finding work in the photography industry is always a challenge, and becoming uninspired is always a fear. Through his couple years of being a photographer, Phil Chester has found some ways to help find happiness in his work, and help build his craft into a successful business. He shared his experiences recently on The Define School blog and we're sharing it with you here.
3 Nightmare Lighting Environments and How to Photograph Them
Finding the right light for your images can be a daunting task, especially when shooting outdoors and with unpredictable lighting conditions. Professional fashion and portrait photographer Lindsay Adler, is here to give you her list of the worst lighting conditions outdoors, and how to correct them in camera, to give you the best possible photos.
Chris ODell's Guide To Travel Photography
Guest writer and photographer, Chris O'Dell has an opportunity to travel the world and photograph some of the most beautiful and honest places in the world. With his job as a Minister, Chris often finds himself traveling all over the world, helping local communities and bridging the gaps between cultures and people. Listen closely, as he shares the tips he's learned from over 20 years of experience.
Fadewood Studios Eagle Faction Photo Series Reveal
A photographer and digital artist by the name of Terrence Blanton has released a new website and photo series called "Eagle Faction" that is explosive and very influenced by Call of Duty and Battlefield. Terrence got ahold of a local Airsoft team to help create a fictional series about a team of former military and outdoorsmen that band together to help salvage their local territory of America after a collapse and invasion in the year 2023.
Fstoppers Exclusive: Shooting Cirque du Soleil with Matt Beard
Photographing a Cirque Du Soleil show requires a bit of acrobatics from any photographer up to the challenge. Matt Beard is one of the few photographers, hand picked by Cirque, to bring his talent and experience into capturing both live action and beautifully staged shots. He has worked with Cirque for many years, under the wing of master photographer Veronique Vial (as a photographer's assistant) and had gained first hand experience in the ways of a Cirque shoot.
FS Exclusive: Sneak Peek At Celebrity Photographer Brian Smith's 'Secrets Of Great Portrait Photography'
Earlier this year, we interviewed world-renowned celebrity photographer Brian Smith, and he shared plenty of valuable insight with us. I'm happy to say that Brian has recently completed work on a book aimed at helping you improve your portrait photography, aptly titled 'Secrets Of Great Portrait Photography.' Brian has graciously agreed to provide some of the content for us to check out, and I'm happy to be able to share it with you. Check it out, I promise you'll learn something!


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Latest Headlines
Latest Headlines
Attackers could take control of vulnerable DSL routers that use hard-coded credentials
DSL routers made by a number of manufacturers have hard-coded credentials that could enable an attacker to access the devices using telenet services and gain control of them remotely, according to an advisory issued by the Carnegie Mellon University's CERT.
DNS hijacking vulnerability in D-Link router could reside in other routers, warns researcher
Hackers can hijack the traffic from D-Link's DSL2740R wireless router and possibly other routers using the same firmware by exploiting a domain name system (DNS) vulnerability, warned Bulgarian security researcher Todor Donev.
Firefox OS-based ZTE Open going on sale in U.S. via eBay
ZTE will begin selling its Firefox-based Open smartphone to U.S. and U.K. consumers via eBay. Priced at $79.99 and unlocked to enable use across all mobile networks, the ZTE Open will be offered in an exclusive orange color from the manufacturer's branded eBay storefront.
ZTE to preload Electronic Arts' 'Real Racing 3' onto its Android phones
ZTE has reached an agreement with Electronic Arts to preload the publisher's games on its Android smartphones.
IDC: Smartphone shipments eclipse feature phones for first time
Smartphones accounted for more than half of all mobile phones shipped during the first quarter of 2013, eclipsing feature phone shipments for the first time ever, research firm IDC reports.
Gartner: Samsung's sales dominance overshadowing Android brand
Samsung Electronics dominated both worldwide smartphone sales and overall mobile phone sales in 2012, and research firm Gartner contends the manufacturer's brand is now eclipsing Google's Android brand in the minds of consumers.
Ericsson slashes mobile network equipment workforce
Ericsson is cutting close to 10 percent of its Swedish workforce, 1,550 out of a total of 17,768 employees, mostly in its mobile network equipment division.
Smartphone shipments exceeded 157 million in the third quarter
Smartphone shipments exceeded 157 million in the third quarter, with Samsung widening its lead over rival Apple, according to the latest data from Juniper Research.
Gartner: Mobile handset vendors will be 'made in China'
Three of the top five mobile handset vendors will be Chinese by the end of 2014, predicted Daryl Plummer, managing vice president and Gartner fellow.
Huawei building mobile OS as backup against Android
Chinese handset manufacturer Huawei confirmed it is building its own mobile operating system as a safety net in the event it must distance itself from Google's Android, which is the focus of patent disputes between Apple and other smartphone makers.


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West Virginia (4-0) at South Florida (3-0)
The nation took notice last season when South Florida went into Morgantown and defeated a ranked West Virginia team. On Friday night, the Bulls get the chance to repeat that performance on their own field when they take on the Big East rival Mountaineers in a nationally televised game.
South Florida held the Mountaineers' potent offense to less than half its averages for rushing yards and points in a 24-19 win over then-No. 7 West Virginia on Nov. 25. That victory ended the Mountaineers' eight-game home winning streak and is their only loss in Morgantown in nearly two years.
The Bulls (3-0) followed up that win with a 24-7 victory over East Carolina in the PapaJohns.com Bowl, finishing 9-4 in their second season in the Big East after moving from Conference USA.
This season, South Florida opened with a win over Elon and then posted a 26-23 overtime victory at then-No. 17 Auburn on Sept. 8 before heading into its bye week. The voters rewarded the Bulls with their first-ever ranking at No. 23 on Sept. 16, and they moved up to 18th this week following a 37-10 win over North Carolina on Saturday.
Now, South Florida must host a fifth-ranked West Virginia team looking for revenge.
"We know we're playing a great, great team coming in here. We're excited about the challenge," coach Jim Leavitt said. "We're going to have to play awfully good football to have a chance."
West Virginia (4-0) is also excited for Friday night's matchup, the conference opener for both teams.
"I said, 'You all know who is next.' They blurted it out," Mountaineers coach Rich Rodriguez said Saturday after his team defeated East Carolina 48-7. "People talk about revenge, but that's not a great motivator. They are excited about trying to play better than we did against them last year."
In the November loss to South Florida, West Virginia's Steve Slaton - the nation's No. 2 rusher at the time - had his streak of six straight 100-yard games snapped as he ran for just 43 yards. The Mountaineers didn't score their first touchdown until midway through the third quarter and were limited to 132 yards rushing.
"We are focused right now. It's business," West Virginia wide receiver Dorrell Jalloh said Saturday. "We can't fool around."
The Mountaineers were all business against East Carolina. Pat White threw for two touchdowns and ran for two more, while Slaton rushed for 110 yards and a score to match a school record for career TDs with 42.
Rodriguez said it was the "best overall performance we've had in several years," and said White, who went 18-of-20 for 181 yards and ran for 42 more in three quarters, was the difference.
"Pat was extraordinary," Rodriguez said. "He was as sharp as you can be in all his decisions."
South Florida was also led by its quarterback on Saturday. Matt Grothe led long touchdown drives on the Bulls' first two possessions, and finished 17-of-30 for 230 yards and one touchdown.
"I didn't think we'd come out and dominate the way we did," Grothe said. "We still could have had even more points. It could have been, easily, 50-something to 10."
Grothe completed 22 of 30 passes for 279 yards with a touchdown and two interceptions in last year's meeting, while White went 14-of-22 for 178 yards with two TDs and two picks.
West Virginia, though, has improved against the pass. The Mountaineers are allowing 186.3 passing yards per game after giving up 243.3 last season - 109th in the nation.
"We have to get pressure on (Grothe) but we also have to make sure he doesn't get loose on us. We will have to be disciplined," Rodriguez told West Virginia's official Web site. "We can't just sit back and let him pick us apart but when we pressure him we have to try to keep him in check because he is a dangerous runner."
Grothe ran for 47 yards and a TD last season against the Mountaineers.
Since joining the Big East for the 2005 season, South Florida is 11-2 at home.
"It will be a great atmosphere," Rodriguez said. "Our players like the night games and they like the national TV games and who wouldn't? … When you are a road team going into that environment you've got to tune out everything except for the 11 guys on the field that you are competing against."
West Virginia won 28-13 at South Florida on Dec. 3, 2005 behind a combined 263 rushing yards and four touchdowns from White and Slaton.


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Preaching, teaching & caring in one of the poorest areas of Mombasa CityGet Our Newsletter Become a Partner
Who We Are
We're Sean & joyce McIntyre and in 2004 God gave us a word from Jeremiah 29 which now guides the whole vision of our ministry.
It says...
"Pray for the peace of the city and work for its prosperity, for in its prosperity is your prosperity"
What We Do
We work in Bokole, one of the poorest areas of Mombasa and every day we are surrounded by people who are struggling.
They not only struggle with material needs but there is also false teaching, witchcraft and much misunderstanding about the Gospel.
We prayerfully approach these issues through preaching, teaching and practical care


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Business Women, Bitchy Women?
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Great EdC strength semi-sweet and woody. Cheap! A good gift for someone that doesn't wear fragrances.
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Page 1
BioMed Central
Page 1 of 14
(page number not for citation purposes)
BMC Evolutionary Biology
Open Access
Research article
Y-chromosome evidence suggests a common paternal heritage of
Austro-Asiatic populations
Vikrant Kumar1, Arimanda NS Reddy1, Jagedeesh P Babu1, Tipirisetti N Rao1,
Banrida T Langstieh1,2, Kumarasamy Thangaraj3, Alla G Reddy3, Lalji Singh3
and Battini M Reddy*1
Address: 1Molecular Anthropology Group, Biological Anthropology Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, Street No. 8, Hubsiguda, Hyderabad – 500
007, India, 2Department of Anthropology, North Eastern Hill University, Shillong – 793 014, India and 3Centre for Cellular and Molecular
Biology, Uppal Raod, Hyderabad – 500 007, India
Email: Vikrant Kumar - firstname.lastname@example.com; Arimanda NS Reddy - firstname.lastname@example.com;
Jagedeesh P Babu - email@example.com; Tipirisetti N Rao - firstname.lastname@example.com;
Banrida T Langstieh - email@example.com; Kumarasamy Thangaraj - firstname.lastname@example.com; Alla G Reddy - firstname.lastname@example.com;
Lalji Singh - firstname.lastname@example.com; Battini M Reddy* - email@example.com
* Corresponding author
Background: The Austro-Asiatic linguistic family, which is considered to be the oldest of all the
families in India, has a substantial presence in Southeast Asia. However, the possibility of any genetic
link among the linguistic sub-families of the Indian Austro-Asiatics on the one hand and between
the Indian and the Southeast Asian Austro-Asiatics on the other has not been explored till now.
Therefore, to trace the origin and historic expansion of Austro-Asiatic groups of India, we analysed
Y-chromosome SNP and STR data of the 1222 individuals from 25 Indian populations, covering all
the three branches of Austro-Asiatic tribes, viz. Mundari, Khasi-Khmuic and Mon-Khmer, along
with the previously published data on 214 relevant populations from Asia and Oceania.
Results: Our results suggest a strong paternal genetic link, not only among the subgroups of Indian
Austro-Asiatic populations but also with those of Southeast Asia. However, maternal link based on
mtDNA is not evident. The results also indicate that the haplogroup O-M95 had originated in the
Indian Austro-Asiatic populations ~65,000 yrs BP (95% C.I. 25,442 – 132,230) and their ancestors
carried it further to Southeast Asia via the Northeast Indian corridor. Subsequently, in the process
of expansion, the Mon-Khmer populations from Southeast Asia seem to have migrated and
colonized Andaman and Nicobar Islands at a much later point of time.
Conclusion: Our findings are consistent with the linguistic evidence, which suggests that the
linguistic ancestors of the Austro-Asiatic populations have originated in India and then migrated to
Southeast Asia.
The Indian subcontinent is presently inhabited by four
major linguistic groups, viz. Austro-Asiatic, Dravidian,
Indo-European and Tibeto-Burman that might have
Published: 28 March 2007
BMC Evolutionary Biology 2007, 7:47 doi:10.1186/1471-2148-7-47
Received: 22 November 2006
Accepted: 28 March 2007
This article is available from: http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2148/7/47
© 2007 Kumar et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0),
which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Page 2
BMC Evolutionary Biology 2007, 7:47http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2148/7/47
Page 2 of 14
(page number not for citation purposes)
entered at different points of time. Based on the observa-
tion that Austro-Asiatic family has the greatest divergence
in their nouns [1] and some other linguistic features (for
details, refer to discussion), it is considered to be the old-
est of the four linguistic families [1,2] and consists of three
sub-families [3]: (1) Mundari, spoken by a number of
tribes inhabiting Chota-Nagpur plateau in Central and
Eastern India, (2) Mon-Khmer, spoken by Nicobarese and
Shompen tribes from Andaman and Nicobar islands and
(3) Khasi-Khmuic (which linguists earlier considered as
part of Mon-Khmer) represented by only the Khasi sub-
tribes from Northeast India (Fig. 1). The Indian Khasi-
Khmuic to a certain extent and Mon-Khmer groups have
physical features of East Asian populations [4], whereas
the Mundari populations have features similar to those of
the Dravidian linguistic family. Further, except the Mun-
dari sub-family which is restricted to the Indian subconti-
nent, the languages of the other two sub-families of
Austro-Asiatics are spoken by a large number of popula-
tions in Southeast Asia (Fig. 1). However, neither the pos-
sibility of any genetic link among the three linguistic
branches of Indian Austro-Asiatics, nor that between the
Indian and Southeast Asian Austro-Asiatics has been com-
prehensively explored till now, despite the fact that the
Indian subcontinent has been considered to have proba-
bly served as an important corridor for migrations to
Southeast Asia.
Two routes of migration by which Austro-Asiatic groups
possibly entered the Indian subcontinent have been sug-
gested based on the linguistic, archaeological and classical
genetic marker [4] and the references therein]; the first
being migration from Africa to India via Central Asia,
while the second route is from Africa to Northeast Asia
and then to the Indian subcontinent. Basu et al. [5] found
high frequency of Haplogroup K-M9 among the Mundari
populations and inferred that the Austro-Asiatic popula-
tions have migrated from Africa to India via central Asia,
which is flawed since this haplogroup is ubiquitously
found in Asia and has a substantial presence in the whole
of East Asia. On the other hand, from the analysis of
mtDNA 9bp (9-base-pair) del/ins (deletion/insertion)
polymorphisms, Thangaraj et al. [6] and Prasad et al. [7]
reported only East Asian-specific mtDNA haplogroups in
Nicobarese, while Roychoudury et al. [8] and Metspalu et
al. [9] found only Indian-specific mtDNA haplogroups in
Mundari populations. The above inferences were, how-
ever, based on meager genetic evidence and very few Aus-
tro-Asiatic populations (a maximum of 3) were included
in those studies. Although Kumar et al. [10] analysed a
large number of Austro-Asiatic populations and suggested
distinct origins and migration histories of the Mundari,
Khasi-Khmuic and Mon-Khmer populations, the analysis
was based only on the mtDNA 9bp del/ins polymor-
phisms and its characterization.
We sampled almost all the Austro-Asiatic populations of
India covering the entire geographic and micro-linguistic
heterogeneity inherent among them (Table 1 and Fig. S1
[see Additional file 1]). This includes molecular genetic
data on the Austro-Asiatic Khasi from Northeast India,
which is considered an important corridor for human
migrations to Southeast Asia. We present results based on
the analysis of Y-chromosome SNP and STR data of Aus-
tro-Asiatic tribes along with the previously published data
of 214 other relevant populations and try to trace the ori-
gin and historic expansion of Austro-Asiatic groups of
India. Based on this evidence, we propose that haplo-
group O-M95 has originated in the Indian Austro-Asiatics,
particularly among the Mundaris, whose ancestors moved
further to Southeast Asia along with this haplogroup.
Distribution and frequency of Y-chromosome haplogroups
The population-wise distribution of Y-haplogroup fre-
quency and diversity along with haplotype diversity based
on 16 Y-STR is furnished in Table 2. Overall, the haplo-
type diversity is high (98.87%) and ranges from 95.26%
in Pando to 100% in Khasi, Garo, Paharia, Nagesia and
Birijia. Out of the 13 potential haplogroups defined by the
binary markers typed in the present study (Fig. 2) nine
haplogroups were found among these populations. The
average frequency of haplogroup O-M95 is highest (52%)
followed by H-M69 (26%). Among the three sub-families
of Austro-Asiatics, on an average, 55% of Mundari, 41%
of Khasi-Khmuic from Northeast India and all the 11
Nicobarese samples belong to O-M95. To know if the
unclassified O-M95 samples have sub-linegaes, we also
typed downstream M88 binary marker but none showed
the presence of O-M88 haplogroups. Except Khasi (29%)
and 1 sample of Korku (2%), none of the Indian Austro-
Asiatic populations shows the presence of haplogroup O-
M122. Further, the Garo tribe shows haplogroup O-M122
as most common (55%) followed by O-M95 (18%). Since
Austro-Asiatic Khasi and Tibeto-Burman Garo live in close
proximity in Meghalaya and are known to have frequent
marital interactions [11,12], we further typed all the sam-
ples of haplogroup O-M122 from Garo and Khasi popu-
lations to see if O-M122 among the Khasis is not due to
admixture with the Garo. We found only 3 out of the 8
haplogroups defined by the binary markers used in this
study (Fig. 3) i.e. O-M133*, O-M134* and O-M122*. The
frequency of O-M134* was highest in both Khasi (56%)
and Garo (67%) followed by O-M133*. Three each of
Khasi and Garo out of 27 and 18 O-M122 samples,
respectively, remained in the undefined clade O-M122*.
Thus the Khasi and Garo show homogeneous distribution
of the sub-lineages of O-M122 (χ2 = 1.597; p = 0.45).
Page 3
BMC Evolutionary Biology 2007, 7:47 http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2148/7/47
Page 3 of 14
(page number not for citation purposes)
Analysis of Molecular Variance and Y-STR Networks
The Analysis of Molecular Variance (AMOVA) based on Y-
SNPs (Table 3) suggests that Indian and Southeast Asian
Austro-Asiatic populations are well differentiated (FST =
0.203). The FST value is larger by 3% between Mundari
and Southeast Asian Austro-Asiatics indicating relatively
higher level of differentiation between them. However,
the FST value turns out to be relatively much smaller
(0.045) between Khasi and Southeast Asian Austro-Asiatic
populations, suggesting greater genetic affinity between
them when compared with the Khasi affinity to Mundari
populations (FST = 0.099). Nicobarese were not included
in this analysis as all their samples fall in O-M95. AMOVA
based on Y-STRs suggests high FST value (0.175) between
Mundari and Khasi, but relatively much smaller when
compared to that between Khasi and Nicobarese (0.289)
or between Mundari and Nicobarese (0.442).
The Median Joining (M-J) network based on the 16 Y-STRs
of the O-M95 samples (Fig. 4) depicts two broad and dis-
tinct clades, one representing Mundari groups and the
other Khasi and Nicobarese populations. Although the
Nicobarese clade is a part of the Khasi clade, it consists of
two distinct branches suggesting a separate identity. As
expected, due to the considerable degree of admixture, the
M-J network shows that the Garo samples form a part of
Khasi subclade, not a separate clade. Further, the M-J net-
work constructed separately for the sub-haplogroups of
O-M122 suggests that neither in the case of O-M134*
(Fig. S2 [see Additional file 1]) nor in the case of O-
M133* (results not shown) the Garo and Khasi samples
form distinct clades, suggesting a distinct possibility of
gene flow between them.
Time to the most recent common ancestor (TMRCA)
Since O-M95 was found to be the most common haplo-
group, we estimated TMRCA for this lineage with the help
of BATWING program [13] and using 16 Y-STRs. We
chose the demographic model with an exponential
growth from an initially constant-sized population with
sub-division. Although there are other 2 models, the
demographic model chosen for this study is considered to
be the most appropriate [14-17] for human populations;
this model assumes that population sizes were constant
until they became semi-sedentary or sedentary, probably
till the advent of agriculture, which was followed by an
Map showing present-day distribution of Austro-Asiatic groups (modified from van Driem [2]) and the schematic representa- tion of the routes of migration of the different Austro-Asiatic linguistic subgroups of India
Figure 1
Map showing present-day distribution of Austro-Asiatic groups (modified from van Driem [2]) and the schematic representa-
tion of the routes of migration of the different Austro-Asiatic linguistic subgroups of India.
Page 4
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Page 4 of 14
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exponential growth. (for details on computational proce-
dure, see Methods). The median estimate of TMRCA
(Table 4) with 106 MCMC cycles for the whole of Austro-
Asiatic groups turns out to be ~68,000 YBP (95% C.I.
25,442 – 132,230). The TMRCA for the Mundari
(~66,000) and Khasi (~57,000) is similar, whereas for
Nicobarese it is considerably lower (~17,000). Further,
the average of TMRCA estimated for individual Mundari
and transitional populations turns out to be large
(~48,000), ranging from ~70,000 YBP to ~30,000 YBP
(results not shown), suggesting that the haplogroup O-
M95 might have originated early, possibly in the Paleo-
lithic period.
Haplogroup isofrequency maps
Isofrequency maps were generated for all the haplogroups
but only the relevant two maps pertaining to O-M95 and
O-M122 are presented in Figure 5. The data of our study
along with the comparative data on 214 other relevant
populations suggest that the haplogroup O-M95 is ubiq-
uitously found in Southeast Asia, while in India it is
restricted to the regions where Austro-Asiatic populations
are found. This strongly suggests that Austro-Asiatic pop-
ulations of India are not only linguistically linked to
Southeast Asian populations but also genetically associ-
ated. The present day distribution of Austro-Asiatic lin-
guistic groups and the distribution of haplogroup O-M95
Table 1: Geographical distribution and the Linguistic Affiliations along with sample size of the Twenty Five Studied Populations
Sl. No. Name of the Populations Linguistic Affiliations Area of Sampling at District LevelSample Size
1 Santhal Munda, North Munda, Kherwari, (AA) Jamshedpur from Jharkhand; Purulia from
West Bengal
Jamshedpur from Jharkhand; Purulia from
West Bengal;
Jamshedpur from Jharkhand; Purulia
&Midnapore from West Bengal
Jamshedpur from Jharkhand; Purulia
&Midnapore from West Bengal
Lohardagga &Gumla from Jharkhand
Lohardagga &Gumla from Jharkhand
Lohardagga, Gumla &Simdega from
Jharkhand; Purulia from West Bengal;
Mayurbhanj from Orissa
Lohardagga, Gumla &Simdega from
Jharkhand; Purulia from West Bengal;
Mayurbhanj from Orissa
Mayurbhanj from Orissa
Simdega from Jharkhand; Surguja from
Amravati from Maharashtra
Keonjhar from Orissa
Simdega from Jharkhand; Purulia from
West Bengal; Mayurbhanj from Orissa
Jamshedpur from Jharkhand; Purulia from
West Bengal; Mayurbhanj from Orissa
Midnapore from West Bengal
2 Bhumij Munda, North Munda, Kherwari, (AA)89
3Mudi Munda, North Munda, Kherwari, (AA)37
4 Mahali Munda, North Munda, Kherwari, (AA)25
Munda, North Munda, Kherwari, (AA)
Munda, North Munda, Kherwari, (AA)
Munda, North Munda, Kherwari, (AA)
8 MundaMunda, North Munda, Kherwari, (AA) 53
Munda, North Munda, Kherwari, (AA)
Munda, North Munda, Kherwari, (AA)
Munda, North Munda, Korku, (AA)
Munda, South Munda, Kharia-Juang, (AA)
Munda, South Munda, Kharia-Juang, (AA)
14 SavarMunda, South Munda, Sora-Juray-Gorum,
Munda, South Munda, Sora-Juray-Gorum,
Northern, Kurux, (Dra)
16 OraonLohardagga &Gumla from Jharkhand;
Surguja from Chattisgarh
Surguja from Chattisgarh
Jamshedpur from Jharkhand; Purulia from
West Bengal;
Surguja from Chattisgarh
Surguja from Chattisgarh
Keonjhar from Orissa
Mayurbhanj from Orissa
Nicobar island from Andaman &Nicobar
West Khasi Hills, East Khasi Hills, Jaintia
Hills, Ri-Bhoi from Meghalaya
South Garo Hill from Meghalaya
Northern, Kurux, (Dra)
Northern, Malto, (Dra)
Central Zone, Hindi (IE)
Central Zone, Rajasthani (IE)
Eastern Zone, Oriya (IE)
Eastern Zone, Oriya (IE)
Mon-Khmer, Nico-Monic, Nicobar, (AA)
Khasi-Khmuic, Khasian, (AA)
25Garo Tibeto-Burman (TB)33
"AA" Austro-Asiatic; "Dra" Dravidian; "TB" Tibeto-Burman; "IE" Indo-Eurpoean
Page 5
BMC Evolutionary Biology 2007, 7:47 http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2148/7/47
Page 5 of 14
(page number not for citation purposes)
appear to be highly correlated (Table 5 and Fig. 5). For
example, its average frequency is only 3.4% and 0.1%
(Table 5), respectively, in northeast and Central Asia
where no Austro-Asiatic population is found, whereas it is
much higher in Southeast Asian Austro-Asiatics (38%) as
well as in the neighboring non-Austro-Asiatics (14.7%).
Further, this frequency is significantly much higher in
Austro-Asiatics than in non-Austro-Asiatics (χ2 = 22.77; P
< 0.001). There is also a decreasing gradient of O-M95 fre-
quency as we move from India to Southeast Asia,
although this trend is less apparent in the map because 7
of 45 groups from Southeast Asia show O-M95 frequency
in the range of 50% to 75%. However, for six of those 7
populations the sample sizes are less than 20, some being
very small. In any case, the average frequency of O-M95 in
Indian Austro-Asiatic populations is much higher (54%)
when compared (Table 5) to those of Southeast Asia,
whether Austro-Asiatic (38%; χ2= 68.89; p < 0.001) or
non-Austro-Asiatic (14.7%; χ2 = 330.68; p < 0.001). On
the other hand, haplogroup O-M122 distribution in India
is confined only to the Northeast India, as depicted in the
map by a sharp boundary (Fig. 5), whereas it is equally
prevalent in Northeast and Southeast Asia (Table 5). The
spread of haplogroup H-M69 (Fig. S3 [see Additional file
1]) appears to be confined to the boundaries of the Indian
subcontinent and, therefore, very strongly suggests its ori-
gin in the Indian subcontinent.
A common genetic heritage of the Austro-Asiatic groups
Mundari populations show O-M95 as the most common
haplogroup and only three of the 22 populations –
Lodha, Savara and Mahali- show departure from this gen-
eral trend (Table 2), which appears to be because of their
disputed origin [31]. This haplogroup is also found in a
relatively high frequency in the Khasi and Nicobarese. It is
therefore not surprising that in a recent study [32] all the
12 samples of Shompen from Nicobar islands, like their
own linguistic neighbors from the region, the Nicobarese,
showed O-M95. This may underscore that the Mundari,
Khasi-Khmuic and Mon-Khmer groups of India are not
only linguistically related but also genetically linked,
probably with a single but relatively broad paternal
genetic source. This haplogroup has been reported to be
absent or present in low frequency in other linguistic
groups of India [20,25-29], suggesting a distinct genetic
identity of the Indian Austro-Asiatic populations. On the
other hand, while the Austro-Asiatic populations of
Southeast Asia show high frequency of O-M95 (average
38%) their neighboring populations also show consider-
Rooted maximum-parsimony tree of haplogroups defined by binary markers along with their frequency in different groups
Figure 2
Rooted maximum-parsimony tree of haplogroups defined by binary markers along with their frequency in different groups.


text: Comments (6) + Add comment Comments (6) Featured darthv72 + 1010d ago halo...as a series...has a really good story behind it. Very few games these days have a long standing tradition of continuation with a story that draws the player in. Its like movies that have been around for a while get appreciated more for their contribution to film and they are respected for their story driven dialog. Its too easy to try and capitalize on something popular and flashy because others do it as well. No doubt there could be some legit CoD fans out there but me personally I never cared for that series style of gameplay. I enjoy the unrealistic future based content of games like killzone and halo just as much as the movies like star wars and star trek. They are purely entertaining and meant to be a departure from reality. games based on modern or contemporary settings in a violent nature (such as modern warfare) are aimed at trying to be realistic which, if i want to see that i will watch the news of what's going on with various warzones in the world. No offense to those who enjoy them....they arent my style. Halo is not for everyone. But for those that enjoy its style it certainly delivers where it was meant to. the single player side is what i prefer most as it lets the player go through the story on their own terms. Multiplayer is fun for time wasting but I never take myself seriously in that like so many others do. I guess that is why i get my ass handed to me within the first few minutes of every match. It doesnt bother me that i suck at multiplayer but I still get respawned and try to "finish the fight". #1 (Edited 1010d ago ) | Agree(5) | Disagree(1) | Report | Reply League_of_Draven + 1010d ago "halo...as a series...has a really good story behind it."Halo had a story? #1.1 Agree(0) | Disagree(7) | Report | Reply DARK WITNESS + 1010d ago You obviously were not paying attention #1.1.1 Agree(3) | Disagree(2) | Report tigertron + 1010d ago Have you even played any of the Halo games? #1.1.2 Agree(2) | Disagree(2) | Report Allsystemgamer + 1010d ago Hy yea. Yes it does. It's universe is so large it matches Star Wars and Star Trek. Your trolling sucks. Everything in the series can and has been explained scientifically. Even the space travel #1.1.3 Agree(2) | Disagree(1) | Report spicelicka + 1010d ago lol i bet you're gonna ignore the replies to your comment and probably google halo's story. Once you realize you're not very smart you'll either come back here and start trolling or walk away in shame. please follow the second prediction, for the good of humanity. #1.1.4 Agree(0) | Disagree(1) | Report Add comment You need to be registered to add comments. Register here or login Username Password Remember Rules & guidelines Login


text:
Advantages and disadvantages of a college degree
Some studies have concluded that the advantage of a college-degreed officer goes beyond the theoretical and intangible ideals of "quality" and "professionalism." For example, reportedly more able to exercise judicious and mature discretion, college graduates tend to be less of a liability for their departments. Officers with a bachelor's degree reportedly:
• have fewer citizen complaints
• choose options short of an arrest to resolve problems
• are less authoritarian
• are more ethical
• have fewer disciplinary problems compared to their high school graduate counterparts
What are the reported disadvantages of a bachelor's degree?
While some studies conclude that a high school education is sufficient for a professional police force, others go one step further and maintain that college-educated officers:
• are more likely to become frustrated with their work
• likely to become frustrated with restrictions imposed by supervisors
• may believe they have limited opportunities for advancement
• place "less value on obedience to supervisors and are less satisfied with their careers"
The result of these negative aspects could translate into problems of personnel turnover.
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