text:
|Nºmero de publicaciµn
|Tipo de publicaciµn
|Nºmero de solicitud
|Fecha de publicaciµn
|25 Feb 1986
|Fecha de presentaciµn
|10 Sep 1984
|Fecha de prioridad
|25 Ago 1982
|Nºmero de publicaciµn
|J. Preston Ammon, Harry R. Weaver, Evan J. Evans
|Cesionario original
|Elfab Corp.
|Exportar cita
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Citas de patentes (16), Otras citas (2), Citada por (58), Clasificaciones (10), Eventos legales (5)
|Enlaces externos: USPTO, Cesiµn de USPTO, Espacenet
This application is a Continuation-in-part of prior U.S. application Ser. No. 411,516, filed 8/25/82, now abandoned.
The present invention relates to electrical connectors, and, more particularly, to a connector for attachment directly to circuitry disposed along the edge of a printed circuit board, said connector having parallel, transversely extending contacts for connecting the board circuitry to a printed circuit board edge connector.
A conventional printed circuit board consists of a flat sheet of glass epoxy insulative material having solder coated conductive copper paths formed over one or both of the surfaces of the board. The conductive paths interconnect various circuit components which are mounted on the board and electrically interconnected to the conductive paths. Historically, interconnection between the various electrical points along the surface of the board has been made with circuitry exterior of the board by means of conventional printed circuit card edge connectors. That is, the printed circuit board, or card, generally has one edge along which is spaced a plurality of parallel, transversely extending conductive fingers formed by processes which include gold plating of the fingers. The fingers are electrically connected with various components on the circuit card and are adapted to be resiliently engaged by the contacts of a conventional printed circuit board edge connector when the edge is inserted into the connector card slot.
For maximum reliability the conductive fingers of the printed circuit board are conventionally plated with a noncorrosive metal such as gold. Plating of the conductive contact fingers requires that a printed circuit board, which is otherwise finished, be subjected to the additional operations of gold plating. Gold plating is relatively expensive in comparison with other techniques for adding gold to a metal surface in that substantial gold scrap is produced in the plating of edge fingers which must be further processed by expensive refining techniques to recover the gold. Moreover, gold plating of edge fingers requires a great deal of additional manufacturing time in the making of printed circuit boards and a great deal more gold than that which is actually deposited on the edge finger surfaces. Further, in the event any one of the gold plated fingers of the printed circuit board becomes damaged in the manufacturing process, the entire, often very expensive, board may have to be scraped.
The plated gold surfaces of conventional contact fingers of a printed circuit card edge are sometimes damaged by abrasive engagement with card edge connector contacts during repeated insertions and withdrawals. A gold contact surface formed by an in lay process is of higher reliability and much more abrasion resistant and, thus, results in a contact having a life of more connector insertion and withdrawal cycles than a contact having the same thickness of plated gold. It has also been observed that during insertion of a card edge into an edge connector not only are the plated fingers on the card abraded but insertion of the glass epoxy edge on the board, which is often beveled for ease of insertion into the connector, abrades the plated contact surfaces of the edge connector contacts. Therefore, replacing the leading edge which engages a card edge connector with a less abrasive material than glass epoxy would substantially reduce the wear on the card edge connector contacts.
Certain high reliability applications call for the use of metal-to-metal connectors for all printed circuit card interconnectors. One reason for this is the fact that plated edge fingers are formed from the same thin copper layer as the circuitry on the board which often may be on the order of only 0.002 inches in thickness. Such thin conductors are subject to failure under certain conditions. The edge finger connector of the present invention produces what is essentially a metal-to-metal interconnection with a printed circuit card edge connector substantially and inexpensively enhancing the reliability of conventional card edge interconnections.
An additional problem associated with conventional printed circuit card edge interconnection is that standard card edge connectors are made with standard spacings between opposed rows of bowed contacts and the thickness of the printed circuit board may vary. This is particularly prevalent with the thicker, stacked or multi-layer boards. Consequently, the space between opposed rows of plated fingers along opposite facing edges of the board may vary producing a variation in the insertion and withdrawal forces of the card edge into the connector and the reliability with which mating surfaces engage one another. For certain applications, specifications require that a card edge connector mate with and reliably connect card edges varying in thickness from 0.054 inches to 0.071 inches. This must also be done within certain maximum push insertion force requirements for insertion of the card into the slot of the connector. These criteria impose severe limitations on the design of card edge connectors to meet them at minimum cost. The blade portion of the edge finger connector of the present invention presents a uniform desired thickness between conductive contacts for minimum insertion forces and a uniform overall rib thickness near the maximum acceptable to the card slot to hold the connection secure and motionless, all regardless of printed circuit board thickness. These features also greatly simplify the design of card edge connectors to be used with the edge finger connector of the present invention.
The use of conventional plated edge fingers on printed circuit boards also seriously limits the efficiency with which relatively small cards can be manufactured. That is, several smaller printed circuit boards are generally fabricated on a single substrate as parts of larger boards to maximize material handling efficiency and then cut into separate cards after processing is completed. The presence of edge fingers on the cards necessitates that the card circuitry be arranged so that all the edge portions of the cards lie along the edges of the large substrate to permit gold plating, a serious manufacturing limitation. Elimination of the plated gold fingers on the cards permits much more efficient arrangement of card circuitry on large substrates for substantial savings in processing costs.
Connectors having rows of spaced contact fingers for mounting to the edge of a printed circuit card have been developed. However, despite the fact that they eliminate the overall disadvantages of forming plated fingers on the card edge, these prior art edge connectors possess numerous disadvantages. For example, many of them include relatively bulky insulators which over-lie and enclose the edge of the printed circuit card and require expensive, time consuming installation means such as brads and bolts. Often such connectors are not adapted for engagement with a standard card edge connector but require a special mating connector half. Other prior art connectors, such as French Pat. No. 7,344,374, have similarly included a thin insulator strip to which flat transversely extending contact strips are held by tab portions which overlie sides of the strips leaving the tip ends thereof exposed. Protruding portions of the contact strips are soldered to the board wherein the insulator strip abuttingly engages the board edge. Such connectors are improvements over plated edge fingers but are not as reliable or as adapted to as rapid assembly and attachment to a printed circuit board edge as the connector of the present invention, as will be evident from the following disclosure.
Moreover, and most significantly, there has never been a reliable finger connector which can replace the use of plated edge finger terminations less expensively than the cost of the plated fingers. The connector of the present invention includes novel contact and insulator structual combinations which more reliable and less expensively obviate the need for plated edge finger terminations on printed circuit cards.
The invention relates to an interconnecting finger assembly for printed circuit boards having circuitry patterns formed thereon with a plurality of parallel, spaced conductive area extending transversely along one edge adapted for electrical interconnection. More particularly, the invention comprises a plurality of elongate, generally planar contact members having a first end portion adapted for electrical connection with the conductive circuitry of a printed circuit board and a second mating portion adapted for electrical connection with a connecting mating member and a shoulder portion therebetween. An insulative housing is also provided and includes a plurality of contact receiving sleeves. The housing is formed with inner and outer connecting regions. The inner region is formed by a slotted body portion, including a pair of opposed walls and a bottom having a plurality of recesses formed in the opposed walls in parallel spaced relationships. The recesses extend transversely of the house and form first inner sleeve portions for receiving the first contact end portions constructed for engagement with, and electrical connection to, the conductive circuitry of the printed circuit board. The insulative housing further including a depending blade portion comprising the outer connecting region wherein a plurality of outwardly facing, transversely extending recesses are formed in parallel spaced relationship. The recesses form second outer sleeve portions for receiving the second contact end portions for outwardly facing mating electrical engagement. The insulative housing also has a plurality of apertures formed through the bottom of the slotted body portion which interconnects each of the first and second sleeve portions and receives each of the contact shoulder portions.
In another aspect, the invention includes an improved electrical connector for a printed circuit board of the type having conductive strips which terminate along one edge in a parallel, transversely, extending spaced relationship. An insulative housing is provided and contains elongate contacts secured to the edge of the printed circuit board for affording electrical interconnection between the conductive strips and a connector member. The improvement comprises elongate contact members, each contact member including a first contact region adapted for positioning in facing engagement with the mating connector member. A generally Y-shaped insulative housing is provided and includes contact receiving sleeves formed therethrough. The insulative housing has an upper slotted head portion and a lower blade portion. The slotted head has a plurality of inwardly facing recesses forming an upper portion of the sleeves provided in transversely spaced relationship therein. Each of the recesses receives one of the contact members with the first region in inwardly facing engagement with one of the conductive strips. The lower blade portion of the insulative housing includes a plurality of outwardly facing recesses formed in generally parallel spaced relationship. Each of the recesses forms a lower portion of the sleeve and receives one of the contacts with the second contact region adapted for outwardly facing engagement with the mating member.
A feature of the invention is that two or more insulator housings may be placed end to end to form a longer connector while maintaining the contacts of each connector at equally spaced intervals.
For a more complete understanding of the present invention and for further objects and advantages thereof, reference may now be had to the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawing, in which:
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of one embodiment of a printed circuit board edge connector constructed in accordance with the principles of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of one embodiment of connector contacts constructed in accordance with the principles of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is an enlarged, cut-away, perspective view of one embodiment of an insulator constructed in accordance with the teachings of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is an exploded perspective view of the connector of FIG. 1, illustrating one method in which the connector of the present invention is assembled;
FIG. 5 is an end elevational, cross-section view of the connector assembly of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is an exploded perspective view of the connector assembly of the present invention showing one method of attachment of the assembly to the edge of a printed circuit board;
FIG. 7 is an enlarged perspective view of the assembled parts of FIG. 6;
FIG. 8 is a perspective view of one embodiment of apparatus for soldering the assembled connector and board; and,
FIG. 9 is a fragmentary perspective view of the connector assembly of FIG. 7 being assembled by the soldering apparatus of FIG. 8.
FIG. 10 is a pictorial illustration of two connectors placed end to end to form a longer connector, and
FIG. 11 is a front view of two connectors joined end to end.
Referring now to FIG. 1, there is shown a printed circuit board 10 which comprises a sheet of glass epoxy fiberglass laminate, often known as G-10 or FR-4. The printed circuit board material has been processed in the conventional manner so that a plurality of solder-coated copper conductors 11 are arranged on the board in a pre-selected pattern. The pattern is pre-selected to interconnect a plurality of circuit components which are mounted on the surfaces of the board (not shown) and also connect those components with circuitry external to the surface of the printed circuit board. The circuit points to be connected to circuitry external of the board include elongate solder-coated conductive strips 12 disposed parallel to and spaced from one another extending transversely along the linear edge 13 of the printed circuit board 10 on both the upper face and the lower face (not shown) of the board edge. The disclosure will use elongate rectangular conductive strips 12 as exemplary conductive circuit terminations along the board edge but it should be understood that these could consist of circular pads, dots or any other shape of conductive area to which the connector of the invention may be electrically joined, such as by solder. Disposed adjacent the edge 13 of the printed circuit board 10, is the printed circuit board edge connector of the present invention 14.
Referring to both FIGS. 1 and 3, the connector 14 includes a molded insulator 15 which is generally Y-shaped in cross-section. The forked end of the insulator includes a slotted head section 17 which receives and engages the flat straight edge 13 of the printed circuit board 10. The head section 17 is attached to a flat blade section 16 which includes a lower edge 18 having a bevel 19 for guiding the connector into the card slot of a conventional printed circuit board card edge connector. The blade section 16 comprises generally flat front and rear surfaces 21 which include parallel transversely extending recesses 22 formed therein and separated from one another by raised ribs 20. The slotted head section 17 includes a pair of parallel upstanding walls 42 and 43, the inner faces of which are spaced from one another a distance slightly greater than the thickness of the printed circuit board 10. The inner faces of the walls also include transverse recesses 44 and 45 in axial alignment with the blade recesses 22 and connected thereto by apertures 48 in the head section as will be more fully explained below.
Elongate metal contacts 30 are received into each of the recesses 22 and extend through the apertures 48 in the head section 17, along the recesses 44 and 45 in the walls thereof, to be disposed in alignment with and overlying the solder coated conductive areas 12 along the front and rear surfaces of the board edge 13. The slot 41 of the slotted head section 17 of the connector 14 receives the edge 13 of the printed circuit board 10 is alignment in accordance with tooling holes on the board edge and aperatures 50 in the insulator and the contacts are soldered to the plated areas 12.
Referring now to FIG. 2, there is shown a section of an elongate metal strip 31 illustrating the manner in which the contacts 30 of the present connector are preferably formed by stamping with a progressive die. The strip 31 is formed of a material such as a cupro-nickel alloy and then processed in accordance with well known techniques to inlay a gold band 32 on the upper face of the strip. A pair of similar tin-lead bands (not shown) are inlaid on the opposite face of the strip from the gold bands near the outer edges thereof. It should be noted that herein lies a very distinct advantage of the connector of the present invention; namely, that the contacts 30 are formed in a fashion whereby gold inlaying processes may be used to add the gold band 32 to the interconnecting regions of the contacts effectively and with very little waste. Such bands are of a gold which is much less porous and of a more consistent and higher quality than that of plated gold which is most often used on prior art electrical contacts. Thus, the gold material forming the inlayed band 32 allows many more board insertion cycles per given plating thickness than plated interconnection fingers conventionally formed along one edge of a printed circuit board.
The progressive die forms two interleafed rows of contacts, each elongate contact 30 comprising a narrow first tail region 34, which is frangibly attached to a carrier strip 35 left intact along each edge of the strip 31, and a broader paddle shaped head region 36. The head 36 and tail 34 are separated by a shoulder region 80. The shoulder region 80 includes a pair of generally rectangular upwardly facing shoulders 81 and a pair of upwardly facing transversely resilient lance portions 82 bent out of the plane of the paddle region 36. The neck section of joinder 84 between the tail region 34 and the shoulders 81 is bent first out of the plane of the paddle region 36 and then back toward that plane so that the longitudinal axis of the tail 34 lies at an angular offset from the longitudinal axis of the paddle 36, as best seen in the final contact configuration shown in FIG. 4.
As can be seen in FIG. 2, the gold inlaid band 32 is positioned with respect to the contacts 30 so that the gold region forms the electrical interconnecting portions of the contacts and the tin-lead regions on the opposite side (not shown) form the portions of the contacts along tail regions 34 to be joined to the edge of the printed circuit board. The interleafed contact arrangement of the flat pattern on the strip 31 insures maximum utilization of the gold inlaid material for electrical contacting regions. As pointed out above and shown in FIG. 4, during the stamping operation the contacts 30 are bent slightly about the neck section of joinder 84 so that the longitudinal axis of each carrier strip 35 is displaced a small angular offset from the longitudinal axis of each contact tail region 34. The function of this angular offset will be further explained below. After stamping, the two rows of contacts 30 are separated from one another and each comprises an elongate carrier strip 35 having a plurality of contacts extending transversely thereof and being attached to the strip at their narrower end 34 by a frangible, reduced section.
Referring specifically now to FIG. 3, there is shown a partially cut-away perspective view of the insulator portion 15 of the connector of the present invention. The insulator 15 is preferably formed by molding with conventional insulator materials such as a thermoplastic and includes a blade section 16 and a slotted head section 17 for receiving and engaging the edge of a printed circuit card. The insulator 15 is generally Y-shaped in cross-section. The forked card engaging head section 17 includes a printed circuit card receiving slot 41 formed by a pair of parallel upstanding walls 42 and 43 connected by a bottom surface 47 which physically abutts the edge of a printed circuit card when positioned in the insulator. The walls 42 and 43 are spaced from one another a distance slightly greater than the thickness of the mating printed circuit board to snuggly receive the edge of the board. The inner faces of the walls include a plurality of parallel, transversely extending recesses 44 and 45 separated from one another by ribs 46. Each recess 44 in wall 42 is transversely aligned with an opposing and facing recess 45 in wall 43. Each rib may include an optional circular aperture 50 extending coaxially through both walls of the head section for alignment and securement of the connector to the edge of the printed circuit board as will be discussed further below.
Extending from the head section 17, opposite the slot 41, is the blade section 16 which includes generally flat front and rear surfaces 21, each of which has formed therein a plurality of parallel transversely extending outwardly facing blade recesses 22. Each blade recess 22 is separated from an adjacent parallel recess by an upstanding rib 20. The heights of the ribs 20 are such as to provide an overall blade thickness approximately equal to the largest thickness of printed circuit card to be received into the card slot in a conventional card edge connector. Thus, the upstanding ribs 20 serve as self-centering means for the blade portion of the connector of the present invention. Each outwardly facing blade recess 22 is in general axial alignment with a conversely inwardly facing head wall recesses 44 or 45 and is connected thereto by a generally rectangular aperture 48 which passes through the bottom surface 47 of the head section 17 in alignment with the blade and head recesses. The aperture 48 include beveled upper edges to guide the insertion of contacts and a transversely extending, rectangular slot 49 which joins each aperture 48 to the slot 44 or 45 in the wall 42 or 43 at the juncture of the wall with the bottom 47. This allows the ready passage of contacts having an offset bend in the shoulder region as will be discussed below. Thus, the housing has a plurality of generally rectangular sleeves formed therein by the aligned combination of an inwardly facing rectangular head wall recess, a rectangular hole and a rectangular blade recess.
The lower ends of the blade slots 22 are squared and of a depth greater than the thickness of the contact blade 35 to shield and protect the ends thereof from damage during insertion of the connector blade into an edge connector slot. The lower edge 18 of the blade 16 includes bevels 19 which serve to guide the blade portion of the connector into a conventional printed circuit card edge connector slot.
Referring now to FIGS. 4 and 5, there is shown how the two opposed rows of contacts and the insulator 17 are brought together to form the connector assembly of the present invention. The two opposed rows of contacts are aligned with the angularly offset tail regions 34 and carrier strips 35 facing one another. Each of the contacts 30 are inserted into one for the insulator sleeves formed by an upper head recess 44, an aperture 48 and a blade recess 22. The blade portions 36 are inserted through the aperture 48 in the bottom 47 of the head section 17 and are moved down the blade recesses 22 until the contact blade tip reaches the lower end of each recess. At this point the shoulder 81 of the contacts 30 have moved into the apertures and the resilient lance sections 82 have moved through the apertures and sprung outwardly against the bottom of the head section, locking the contacts into the insulator. The transversely resilient contact tails 34 extend toward one another and are separated by a distance less than the thickness of the printed circuit board edge to which the connector is to be affixed. The connector assembly may be transported or stored and used subsequently by attachment to the printed circuit board edge as shown in FIG. 6.
As shown in FIG. 6, the insulator includes a plurality of transverse apertures 50, one between each of the sleeves 44 and 45, passing through the ribs 46. This feature allows the insulator 15 to be molded in one standard length and then cut to a selected number of contact positions in length to fit particular applications which produces a substantial saving in stocking costs. In addition, a plurality of insulators can be placed end-to-end to make especially long edge connections as illustrated in FIG. 10. In the mounting of the connector assembly to a printed circuit board edge, the solder coated conductive strip 12 on a printed circuit board 10 is brought into alignment with the connector by means of the apertures 50 in the insulator head and apertures 49 in the edge of the printed circuit board so that the upper tail portions 34 of each contact 30 is generally coaxially aligned with a conductive strip 12. As the two parts are brought together, the spring like action of the angularly offset contact tails must be overcome to move the board 10 between the rows of contacts. Thus, when the connector assembly has been fully positioned on the board edge, as shown in FIG. 7, the upper contact tail portions 34, having tin-lead material inlaid in the rear surfaces hereof, bear against the solder coated conductive strips with a spring biased force. This force brings the contact tails and the solder coated conductive strips into intimate facing engagement and is a valuable feature of the ease of assembly of the connector of the present invention.
Also illustrated in FIG. 7 is the manner in which optional square-wire posts 90 may be press-fitted through selected ones of the apertures 50 in the insulator and ones of the aligned apertures 49 in the edge of the positioned printed circuit board. The posts 90 may be used to provide strain relief for the mechanical solder connections between the connector contacts and the printed circuit board as required for certain MIL-spec connector applications. Further, the aperture 50 and 49 may also be used to key proper alignment and positioning between the connector and conductive circuitry along the edge of the printed circuit board. FIGS. 10 and 11 illustrate the connector of FIG. 2, FIG. 11 being a front view and FIG. 10 illustrating two connectors joined together to form a longer connector. Flat blade section 16a extends out each end of the connector. Blade section 16a has a recess 21a that is half the width of the blade sections or recesses 22 (FIGS. 4 and 6) and is not used unless two connectors are joined together to form a longer connector. When the two connectors are joined together, the ends of each connector are butted together and a contact blade 98 resides in the recess formed by two joined faces 21a and covers the line 99 where the two ends meet. The connectors are held together in the spaced relationship due to the fact that when the connectors are attached to a circuit board the connectors will not move in relation to each other. Any number of connectors may be placed end to end to form a longer connector since each connector has a half width recess 21a on each end. The connector contacts are then uniformly distributed along the connectors with a connector contact blade 98 covering the joint between adjacent connectors.
Referring now to FIG. 8, there is shown an apparatus for soldering the assembly of the printed circuit board and connector of the present invention. The apparatus comprises a mounting plate 51 onto which is mounted an upper arm 52 and a lower arm 53 which are pivoted to one another by means of a hinge 54. The lower arm 53 is rigidly mounted to the plate 51 by means of beams 55 while the entire assembly is preferrably mounted in a box-like structural housing 56 shown in phantom. The upper arm 52 is biased downwardly toward the lower arm 53 by means of a pair of helical springs 58 and 59 which abut the upper surface of the housing 56 to provide a continual spring biased urge of the arms toward one another. The arms 52 and 53 are separated from one another by means of cam mechanism 61 which is affixed to an external actuation arm 62 and an interior strut 63 which is spring biased to a mount 64 on the rear wall of the housing 56 by means of a helical spring 65. The actuation arm 62 is shown in the raised position and the radially extending lobe 66 on the cam mechanism 61 is extended toward the upper arm 52 and separates the arms from one another against the spring bias.
The front edge of the upper arm 52 includes an upper jaw member 71 while the lower arm 53 terminates in a lower jaw member 72. Each of the jaws respectively include an upper jaw edge 73 and a lower jaw edge 74. Mounted within each of the upper and lower jaw edges 73 and 74 are resistance heating mechanisms (not shown) which are conventional in nature and which are connected to a source of current by means of wires 75. An upper thermometer 77 and a lower thermometer 78 monitor the temperatures of the upper and lower jaw edges 73 and 74, respectively, to insure that the jaws have reached soldering temperature prior to actuation of the device.
Mounted between the jaws and spaced slightly out of the path thereof is a positioning fixture 91 which includes a recess 92 therein for receiving the blade edge of the connector of the present invention and positions it by means of the depth of recess 82 to insure engagement of the jaws with the proper portion of the assembly.
Referring now to FIG. 9, the upper and lower jaws 73 and 74 are shown in engagement with the assembly comprising the printed circuit board 10, the contacts 30 and the insulator 15. As can be seen, the jaws 73 and 74 lie flushly against the two mated surfaces which are in facing engagement to be joined; namely, the elongate solder coated conductive areas 12 on the upper and lower surfaces of the printed circuit board 10 and the tail portions 34 of the upper and lower rows of contacts 30. The heating mechanisms within the jaws 73 and 74 heats those surfaces to melt the solder carried by the conductive strips 12 and inlaid into the underside of the contact tails and join the strips to the contact tails 34. As was pointed out above, the opposed rows of contact tails 34 are bowed toward one another and, thus, the upper and lower surfaces of the printed circuit board 10. In this manner, when the solder is heated to melting temperature, the spring biased force holds the two parts in intimate engagement as the solder first flows and then is allowed to cool and solidify.
The finished printed circuit board and finger connector combination is then completed by removing the upper and lower contact carrier strips 35 by flexing them about the point of joinder to the contact tails 34. This action breaks the reduced sections therebetween and separates the strips from the assembly.
A completed connector and printed circuit board assembly may then be sued in the identical fashion as a printed circuit board having plated edge fingers. The connector contacts form an interconnection between the board and a printed circuit board edge connector; that is, the gold inlaid outer surfaces of the contact portions 36 will matingly engage the cantilever contact members of a conventional card edge connector. It should also be understood that the sleeves and contacts may for special applications, be staggered on the insulator or made of different lengths to provide for sequential or selective interconnection with the contacts of the card edge connector.
The printed circuit board finger connector of the present invention may not only be used to make connection with new printed circuit boards but may also be used highly effectively to repair printed circuit boards having old or damaged plated edge fingers. The contact tail portions 34, of the connector assemblies of FIGS. 6 and 7, are joined to the plated edge fingers of a board to be repaired just as they are joined to the plated conductive strips 12 of the printed circuit board 10. Moreover, the spring biased contact tails 34 bear against the plated fingers and aid the soldering process by holding the parts to be joined in the engagement as solder is added. This feature permits the salvage of expensive fully fabricated and tested printed circuit boards which would otherwise be scrapped for defective construction or plating of the edge finger terminations.
In summary, the printed circuit card finger connector of the present invention provides many advantages over the use of plated contact fingers along the edge of a printed circuit board and further includes many advantages over the prior art finger connectors. Several contact finger assemblies may be placed end to end along the edge of a printed circuit board to provide longer card edge connectors and still maintain the original connector spacing. It is thus believed that the operation and construction of the present invention will be apparent from the foregoing description. While the method and apparatus shown and described has been characterized as being preferred, it will be obvious that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the following claims.
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|4 Mar 2010
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|Method and systems for storing and accessing data in USB attached-SCSI (UAS) and bulk-only-transfer (BOT) based flash-memory device
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|14 Ago 2012
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|18 Jun 2012
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|Connectors for making connections between analyte sensors and other devices
|13 Ene 2004
|22 Jul 2004
|Silicon Bandwidth, Inc.
|Prefabricated semiconductor chip carrier
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|3 Feb 2005
|Harris Shaun L.
|Electrical connector
|23 Sep 2003
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|Clasificaciµn de EE.UU.
|439/633, 439/931, 439/886, 439/79
|Clasificaciµn internacional
|Clasificaciµn cooperativa
|Clasificaciµn europea
|10 Sep 1984
Owner name: ELFAB CORPORATION, 4200 WILEY POST ROAD,DALLAS,TEX
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNORS:WEAVER HARRY R.;EVANS EVAN J.;AMMON, J. PRESTON;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:004368/0006;SIGNING DATES FROM 19840815 TO 19840831
|3 Ago 1989
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|2 Ago 1993
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 8
|25 Jul 1997
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 12
|23 Jul 1998
Owner name: THOMAS & BETTS INTERNATIONAL, INC., NEVADA
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:ELFAB CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:009328/0443
Effective date: 19980630


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Videos are provided as a guide only. Refer to manufacturer
installation instructions and specs for complete information.
Today on this 2007 Lexus RX350 we are going to be installing the 4-pole harness part number 18002. The Lexus that we are going to show you today has a unique situation to it. On our website we indicate the wiring for the Lexus is going to be modulite part number 119176. This particular Lexus does have a factory installed tow package that we are going to be able to tap into so we are going to show you how to locate that. The port is located in the rear cargo area of the vehicle underneath the flooring over on the driver side. We are going to need to remove most of this interior section. There is a particular order of operations that we need to abide by to get all of the components out. 00:38
We are going to start by removing the forward most cargo door. We need to pull back the facing at the front section first. There are push rivets that are holding that in place so just pull it up. We need to unscrew the hinges that are holding the flooring into place. There is one screw per side for these hinges. We next remove the forward most cargo storage area. There are two push rivets holding this into position. One on the driver side and one on the passenger side. We are going to be using a rivet removal tool. We need to slide it underneath and just pry it up. 01:11
Next we are going to remove the front storage compartment. To access it we need to release the two coverings and there are buttons at the rear threshold to do that. Again, we have got two push rivets holding it in place. One on the driver side and one on the passenger side. Next we will remove the driver side floor covering and there are actually four bolts holding it into position, two here at the rear side and two at the forward side. Next we will remove the rear threshold piece. There are two push pins that are holding this into position. One on the driver and one on the passenger side. When removing the threshold piece you need to watch the releases for the cargo buttons. Make sure you clear the releases for the cargo doors. When you get the threshold piece to release you need to press these in. Finally we want to remove the driver side storage compartment. We have got two fasteners holding it in position. One push pin here and one here at the inside of the cargo area. 02:22
With all of those components removed, if we look at the main wiring harness feeding the tail light assembly on the driver side, there is a port located right here and that is our tow package port that we are going to be tapping into. Unfortunately this time the manufacturers do not offer an after market plug-in for this port. So what we are going to do is cut this end off and we are going to wire our wiring harness directly into it. Before cutting the end off I am going to remove the fuses activating our tow package so that we do not shorten anything when we cut the wires. You can locate this fuse underneath the hood in our accessory fuse box. If you remove the lid and look at the top side, it is labeled towing 30 amp fuse. We will put that back in when we are finished wiring in our 4-pole. Then back at the port we will cut the wires. The 4-pole harness comes with scotch locks to make our connections with. However I am going to use some standard butt connectors. We tested previously to find out which wires carry which function. The green is our right turn, right brake signal. Yellow is our left turn, left brake signal. The blue wire is our running light lead and the white is the ground. It is pretty similar to the wires that we have got on our 4-pole harness. The white is our ground, the yellow is our left turn, left brake. Green right turn, right brake, and the brown is our running light lead. 03:52
We want to strip back some of the jacketing on each one of the wires. With our wiring stripped back we just want to apply the butt connector. We will the wire into one end and then we will crimp that down. Take the adjoining wire and slide it in and crimp it down as well. Then we just want to tape up those connections. Then for storage of the 4-pole we have two options. We recommend that you leave it inside the vehicle. Store it in the storage compartment over here and then just pull it out the rear cargo door whenever you want to use it. However if you do need it underneath the vehicle permanently there is a grommet there right below the connector. You can just put a splice in that, route the 4-pole through there and then you can leave it underneath the vehicle permanently. From there we just want to put our fuse back into position and reinstall our flooring and then our installation will be complete. With the interior reinstalled we will show you how you can store your 4-pole. When you want to use it again just pull it out the rear door and you can close the door on it. You do not have to worry about it being pinched. The weather stripping at the rear will prevent that from happening. You can see I can still move it side to side freely. With that, that will conclude the installation of 4-pole part number 18002 on a 2007 Lexus RX350.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
|Blog Posts
With raw foods, you are always going to have carbohydrates... vegetables and fruit are made of carbohydrates and nuts contain them also.
If you are talking about a low carb diet, then what you want to do is learn about the glycemic index, and look at the glycemic index for each vegetable or fruit, and choose low glycemic index vegetables and fruit.
At the same time, if you are after doing low carb, then you have to look at your protein intake - anything you eat on a raw diet is going to have carbs, but what is the protein content of what you are eating? The traditional carb/fat/protein ratio for low carb dieting is 40-30-30, so you want to look at the carb content, the protein content, and the fat content of whatever you are eating, and work at getting those to conform to your ideal ratio.
Dark green leafy vegetables tend to be the lowest in carb content, but you still need fats and protein, and you cannot live on kale alone (although I do love my marinated kale, and my kale chips)
few raw food books separate out the carbs, fat, and protein (it's better, I think, to go get your own book on food values - find a book in the nutrition section of your local bookstore,and just look at the vegetables, fruit, raw nuts and seeds, and extra virgin olive oils--- One book, The Raw Food Revolution Diet, by Cherie Soria, does make an effort to list the food values for the recipes.
If you are eating a raw diet, and you are not trying to put sweetness into every bite, and you are not od-ing on raw chocolate, and raw cookies, you will find that your low carb needs will be met, and you will be able to take off weight virtually effortlessly.
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SPLM/A-In Opposition leader, designated First Vice President under August 17th and 26th Compromise Peace Agreement says President Salva Kiir's creation of 28 states in the Republic of South Sudan is unilateral and a clear violation of the Peace Agreement on the resolution of conflict based on ten states.
Ebony Center for Strategic Studies Economist in Juba says South Sudan needs to redouble efforts to achieve the 17 Sustainable Development Goals or SDGs set by the United Nations General Assembly in September, 2015.
South Sudan Football Association or SSFA is preparing to play Mauritania in Juba on Wednesday October 7th for the first ever World Cup qualifier match.
South Sudan Youth Participation Agency is forming forums for youth in each state in the country for better coordination of work.
The United States or US Ambassador to South Sudan expresses her administration's readiness to support young entrepreneurs in the country.
Torit Catholic Emeritus Bishop Paride Taban administered the Sacrament of the Holy Communion to about 200 catechumens during the celebration of the feast of St Theresa of the Child Jesus on Thursday in Isohe Parish.
African Media Initiative or AMI and General Electric or GE partnered to train 20 East African journalists on the energy sector in Africa to boost media coverage of energy and infrastructure issues.
Thousands of Christians of the Catholic Archdiocese of Juba on Thursday gathered at Kator Cathedral to celebrate the feast of St Theresa of the Child Jesus under the theme: "Serve in love, humility and simplicity".
Centre for Democracy and Development or CEDED, a local NGO operating in Yei River County on Thursday completed three-day training on human rights and good governance for forty women in Morobo County of Central Equatoria State.
Action for Development and Jur River County authorities in Western Bahr El Ghazal State are launching Kwajok-Kangi Payam a feeder road rehabilitation funded by World Food Programme or WFP to the tune of three hundred thousand and five hundred and thirty-one US Dollars.


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Hotels, Restaurants and Leisure
Company Overview of LYFE Kitchen, Inc.
BOARD MEMBERS AFFILIATED WITH David J. Bryant *
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Our data partners will research the update request and update the information on this page if necessary. Research and follow-up could take several weeks. If you have questions, you can contact them at email@example.com.


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Lawyer reviews plea offer over shower peephole
Posted: 07/16/2009 - The lawyer for a Montrose man accused of installing two-way mirrors in an apartment says he's reviewing a plea deal offered to his client.
Posted: 07/16/2009 - The lawyer for a Montrose man accused of installing two-way mirrors in an apartment says he's reviewing a plea deal offered to his client.
Posted: 07/16/2009 - Grand Junction police are warning against a bait-and-switch scam that has already taken five victims.
Posted: 07/16/2009 - Fees and permits are being considered for use of the Colorado River in the McInnis Canyon National Conservation Area.
Posted: 07/16/2009 - If you're looking for a new place to shop or you just want an alternative to the mall, there's a new, old place you can visit.
Updated: 07/16/2009 - 11 Today talks with Dr. Scott Rollins about mixing prescription drugs and why it's a deadly habit.
Updated: 07/16/2009 - The Cox Newspapers-owned Daily Sentinel in Grand Junction is being sold to a subsidiary of a Kansas-based company.
Updated: 07/16/2009 - Officials say a wildfire burning near Norwood is 35 percent contained Thursday evening and residents who were evacuated have now been let back into their homes.
Updated: 07/16/2009 - A dog rescued from intense temperatures and dangerous conditions is recovering.
Updated: 07/16/2009 - It was a long night for Grammar Fire evacuees as they prepared to leave their homes, not knowing what they'll return to find.
Updated: 07/15/2009 - Grand Junction city officials say voters could be deciding on the fate of a reworked public safety center as early as November.
Updated: 07/15/2009 - Problems with your neighbor? Can't decide who owns the fence? Or maybe that dog just won't stop barking? It might seem like there's no help to solve the everyday problems, besides hiring a lawyer; but there is.
Updated: 07/15/2009 - 11 News was the only local station on scene Tuesday night as firefighters responded to the scene of a wildfire burning near Norwood.
Posted: 07/15/2009 - Each Monday morning 11 Today Anchor Lauren Whitney brings you the latest fashion buzz with Makeover Mondays.
Posted: 07/15/2009 - All this month 11 Cares is spotlighting people who are making a difference in our community.
Posted: 07/15/2009 - Don't let your kids get Brain Drain this summer!
Updated: 07/15/2009 - Luke is a gentle giant, and he's ready to be adopted.
Updated: 07/15/2009 - Fiefighters from several different agencies are on the scene of the Grammar Fire today and saving structures is the top priority.
Updated: 07/15/2009 - Have a slice, and put someone in need into a bright, shiny new home.
Updated: 07/15/2009 - Should Colorado parents worry about the Swine Flu when sending their kids off to camp?
Updated: 07/15/2009 - A serious late night accident sent a brother and sister to the hospital.
Posted: 07/14/2009 - After serving the Battlement Mesa community for more than 25 years, City Market announced it's closing its store there at the end of the week. While a new store is slated to open soon, residents say they're frustrated they'll be left without a grocery store until it opens.
Updated: 07/15/2009 - Officials say about 120 firefighters will be on the ground Wednesday battling a wildfire that has forced evacuations and continues to threaten structures.
Updated: 07/14/2009 - The Mesa County Sheriff's Office is hoping you can help them identify some men wanted for an assault at a local night club.
Updated: 07/14/2009 - With the help of the Montrose Daily Press, 11 News has learned that a wildfire is burning very close to homes in Montrose County.
Updated: 07/14/2009 - The extra rain this spring may have made your grass a little greener but it's also is helping grow toxic plants.


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"Thank you so much for all your help with the funeral planning and the actual funeral. Everything was beautiful and could not have been more special or gone any smoother. It was comforting for our family to know that everything was going to be taken care of and that we would do my father-in-law justice with a very beautiful funeral. Thank you so much for that peace-of-mind. We could not have been more pleased with how everything turned out. You all are truly wonderful at what you do. I would never go anywhere else! (Although I'm hoping not to have to use your services for a very long time!) Thank you so much for everything."
Online Obituaries
Raymond J. Kuhn
December 17, 1915 - July 15, 2012
Raymond J. Kuhn, Age 96, a Naperville resident all his life, died peacefully at St. Patricks Residence in Naperville, IL on July 15, 2012, where he received very loving care. His last days were spent with his family including his wife of 70 years, Harriet (nee Drendel) Kuhn, his sons Bill (Carol) Kuhn of Sugar Camp, Wisconsin, Dave, Tom (Sue), Tim (Robyn), Don (Vicki), and Roger (Traci) Kuhn, of Naperville IL and his daughters Mary Kay Mach (Chuck) of Aurora, IL and Carol Walsh (Dan) of Warrenville, IL. He was very proud of his 20 grandchildren and 20 great-grandchildren. Ray is survived by his sisters; Mary Meyers and Henrietta (Ken) Richardt of West Chicago, IL. He was preceded in death by his parents Walter T. and Ottilia Kuhn, his sisters Ruth Kuhn, Regina Laggis, Katherine Doolin and brothers Walter Jr., Alvin and Richard Kuhn.
He was born on December 17, 1915, in a small house on the corner of Bauer Road and Mill Street. After graduating from Naperville Community High School, Ray worked a number of jobs before being drafted into the army during WWII. He spent many months in North Africa, Italy, France, and Germany.
Upon retuning from the war, Ray began farming on Eola Road (currently Stonebridge). He farmed there for 32 years. Ray retired from farming, and began working for the Naperville Park District. He continued his service with the park district until he was 80 years old. He enjoyed preparing and taking care of the community garden plots for many years.
Ray enjoyed a variety of activities and clubs. He was a member of organizations such as the Loyal Order of the Moose, VFW, and 25 Dance Club. He enjoyed playing golf, playing cards, dancing, and being with family and friends. Ray was known by many as an usher at the 8 oclock mass at Saints Peter and Paul Church. Some may remember him pulling chains at the Naperville Central football games until he was nearly 80 years old.
Visitation will be Wednesday, July 18, from 3-9 at Friedrich-Jones Funeral Home & Cremation Services, 44 S. Mill Street, Naperville. Services will begin at 10:30 AM on Thursday, July 19 from the funeral home and will proceed to a 11:00 AM Mass of Christian Burial at SS. Peter and Paul Church, 36 N. Ellsworth Street, Naperville, IL. Interment with military honors will follow at SS Peter and Paul Cemetery.
In lieu of flowers, memorials can be sent to Saint Patricks Residence, 1400 Brookdale Road, Naperville, IL 60563 or Saints Peter and Paul School, 201 East Franklin Avenue, Naperville, IL 60540.
View Memorial and Sign Guest Book


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– Torture broke CIA's own 'human experimentation' rules – report (RT, June 15, 2015):
The CIA's torture program had explicit guidelines on human experimentation from 1987, according to a report. But their regular practices, including participation of medical staff in torture sessions, may have violated those guidelines.
A document obtained by the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) and published on Monday by the Guardian reveals the Central Intelligence Agency was prohibited from conducting or sponsoring research on human subjects without their consent. The "Law and policy governing the conduct of intelligence activities" was originally enacted in 1987, and was last updated in 2013. Continue reading »
Tags: CIA, Global News, Government, Politics, Torture


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Fresh New Store With Styles For Miles. Celebrate their grand opening weekend on May 11 & 12! Just for checking out their store, you will get an extra 15% off your entire purchase & gifts while supplies last. You can't...
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Finish Line is a leading athletic retailer offering the best selection of brand name footwear, apparel and accessories. The company operates more than 660 stores in 47 states and online at www.finishline.com. We offer the...
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Footaction offers high-quality, branded athletic footwear and apparel as well as Exclusive styles available only at Footaction, from Nike, Adidas, Reebok, Timberland, K-Swiss and other leading brands.
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Foot Locker is the world's leading retailer of athletic footwear and apparel. Headquartered in New York City, it operates approximately 3,900 athletic retail stores in 17 countries in North America, Europe and Australia.
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Journeys is a destination retailer of shoes and accessories for diverse, young, 13-22 year old guys and girls in search of footwear that expresses their unique attitudes and lifestyles. Journeys offers a wide variety of...
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Launched in 2001 as an extension of the highly successful Journeys store, Journeys Kidz is a unique branded kids' footwear retailer, targeting customers 5 to 12 years old who like trendy shoes and accessories, including...
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PacSun offers a wide selection of casual apparel, footwear and accessories for young guys and girls inspired by the California lifestyle. From boardshorts and t-shirts to jeans and hoodies, you can't go wrong anytime of...
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High fashion shoes without the high price. Find shoes for every occasion, season and reason . . .including wide widths and hard-to-find sizes!
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rue21 is a leading specialty retailer offering the latest fashion for girls and guys. We continue to strive for the best selection while offering a competitive pricing strategy. As new goods arrive daily, our choices of...
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SHOE DEPT. ENCORE carries popular-price brands as well as Eastland, Timberland, Tommy Hilfiger, Hush Puppies, Life Stride, Rocky Boots, K Swiss, Reebok, Nike, Keds, New Balance and Hi-Tec. We have products from Ladies...
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One of the newest stores in the mall offering skate and surf apparel and accessories.
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Thanks loell....I searched Mint but found nothing...LOL...I try what they say.
EDIT: That worked...!
Type: Posts; User: TrailerTrash; Keyword(s):
Thanks loell....I searched Mint but found nothing...LOL...I try what they say.
EDIT: That worked...!
Hello everyone... I just downloaded a theme off of Gnome-Look and after that when i try to launch a application, i get this...Virus? Or is it not nothing to be worried about? I cant launch nothing....
There are good and bad on every make and model. I own a used car delership and ive had good and bad out of everything...My favorite make is Volvo. Thats all ive ever owned for my personal use.
We have CentOS on our servers. We are 100% Linux at my work and home. We run various distros but will use either Mandriva 2009 Gnome or Ubuntu 8.10 Gnome when they are released as our primary distro....
I stayed at a Days Inn motel on weekend and noticed their computers was running some kinda of older Linux using what looks to me a early KDE 2 or 3 desktop. I know Auto Zone uses Red Hat Linux in...
If you want my thoughts.....I think Everex should have used Ubuntu, or Mandriva or some other OS other than gOS. I used gOS and it was nothing to brag about. Very unstable. :( I could see why people...
SCO coming back to life? :confused:
That OLPC (XO) is using a trimmed down Fedora 5. :)
If im not mistaking, Fedora is on the OLPC i think.
If you wana see a business Linux desktop in action, then go visit a Auto Zone, and/or a Days Inn (here in the USA). I know Auto Zone is using Red Hat, and im not sure what Days Inn is using. Also the...
I could be wrong, but i think the TomTom uses Linux. :confused:
My parents are German, but i was born in America and know just a little German. I only speak American/English 99.99% of the time. I need to learn Spanish though. :(
Couple of old laptops i have are:
IBM Thinkpad 10inch screen, 300mhz Celron, 8gig HD, 196ram, NO CD drive, NO floopy, (did not even come with them new) its just plain and very light. It has...
Try this FF add-ons. It tells you what kinda server the website is running.
When installed, hoover your mouse over it or click on it.
Link to links. http://apnews.excite.com/article/20071031/D8SKEBB00.html
I have a LG Fusic on the Sprint network. I wana get a smart/pocket pc phone but i HATE Windows mobile. If i could dump WM and use Linux on it then i would get one.
Bill G. is still using Windows ME.
I would love someone to get the DreamLinux icons and themes to work with Ubuntu. :KS
Mazda RX--8.
Ubuntu has really came a looooong way since the Warty release. Its getting better and better. :D
Im running Linux Mint and done a upgrade to Feisty and all went smooth. Everything works. :D This OS rocks!
So..What is the other most easy language a english speaker to learn? I do want to learn a second language. :confused:
Off topic i know..I think... LOL


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( 4.8 Average / 11 Ratings )
Send an e-mail alert if the price drops to: $
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I wanted a ATX MB and a good brand. I think this MB is smaller than other ATX MB. You can only put in seven screws.


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Hello, Friends -
Man, I realized that last post was a bit of a downer. Sorry – I was going for introspective, and missed. These things happen – but thank you one and all for the birthday wishes. I feel better on this side of 40 than I did with it looming in front of me.
And now, for a big announcement!
My first eBook – an eighty-ish page compilation of my fiction, drama, poetry, and creative non-fiction is now available! Working from Homeless spans a lot of my work, and will have things you've seen, and things you've not seen. I'm selling it directly for now, so that 100% of the proceeds go to getting me back on my feet and into a permanent home. Click the cover or the link over there ———-> to purchase!
So, if you dig my writing, or if you dig me sleeping in places with showers, buy a copy, won't you? Seriously, every little bit of support helps, and I'm really glad to be able to give even a little something back to you for all you do for me.
Tell your friends!


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Bidens Host Wounded Warriors For Early Thanksgiving Dinner
Vice President Joseph Biden hosts Wounded Warriors for an early... News PhotoGovernment,Horizontal,Joseph Biden,Morning,Politics,Residential Building,Thanksgiving,USA,Vice President,Waist Up,Washington DCPhotographer Alex WongCollection: Getty Images News 2012 Getty ImagesWASHINGTON, DC - NOVEMBER 19: U.S. Vice President Joseph Biden (3rd R) hosts Wounded Warriors for an early Thanksgiving Dinner November 19, 2012 at the Vice President's residence at the Naval Observatory in Washington, DC. Biden continued a tradition to host the 4th annual dinner for Wounded Warriors being treated at the Walter Reed National Military Medical Center and their families who will not be able to leave the DC area to be with family for the holiday. (Photo by Alex Wong/Getty Images)


text: Our family absolutely enjoyed our week in this beautiful beach home. It was close to the beach and down town attractions. We especially enjoyed sitting on the beautiful porch at night.The house is everything and more than we expected. This was our first time renting a home and the Ancone's were wonderful to work with. We will be coming back and staying in this location!! We had a fabulous family vacation. more


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Based on the Grand Final result I don't think the Eagle turned up! ;-)


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John F. Parker Golf Course
- 17 Fisher St, Taunton, MA 02780
- (508) 822-1797
|9 total holes at facility
|Green fees - $27 to $30 (estimate)
|Built in 1929
|Driving Range: Yes
|Public golf course
John F. Parker Golf Course is a 9-hole regulation length golf course in Taunton, Massachusetts. This short layout will reward good shots and provide a fun golf outing for everyone. Online tee times may be available at John F. Parker Golf Course or at nearby golf courses, usually offered at a discount from the normal rate.
|Course Rating
|Back Tees
|Golf Pro: Phil Schuster
|Course Superintendent: Jim Dion
|Manager: Gil Alegi
Even though our information is mostly correct, occasionally there may be mistakes. Should you happen upon anything that needs to be updated, please visit this page.
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Najib cannot remain silent on allegations, says Pakatan
Prime Minister Najib Abdul Razak has been urged to to clear his name by answering the allegations raised against him by businessperson Deepak Jaikishan, and not run away from the people's questions.
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Obama will be touring the Alaskan Arctic, the first sitting President ever to do so. He's personally looking at the effects of global warming and how America might change its practices in the future. It's an important visit.
Today Obama also announced that America's tallest peak, Mt. McKinley, will be (re-) renamed Denali, which means "the high one" in the Athabaskan language and is what Alaska's native population used to call it. It has been McKinley for nearly a century, but not anymore. People have been fighting since 1975 to have it changed, but the resistance has been strong, mostly from Ohio lawmakers, which is the state from which the President McKinley hailed. Of course it made no sense to have an Alaskan peak named after a white guy from Ohio who had never even stepped foot in Alaska, but that's exactly the point. Obama is ending the impasse with an executive order. I'm glad he's taken care of this.


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Are Camera Raw and DNG Converter purely Photoshop programs?
Started Apr 4, 2013 | Discussions thread
Shop cameras & lenses ▾
Senior Member • Posts: 2,055 • Gear list
jwhig wrote:
MichaelRose wrote:
- PS ACR's interface has a dark gray background, LR's is light gray
Other way round, actually.-- hide signature --
Actually you are both right (or both wrong). Lightroom has whichever background you want to choose from White, Light Gray, Medium Gray, Dark Gray or Black. You can select in Edit > Preferences > Interface.
-- hide signature --
f/2.8 is a smaller number than f/22 in the same way that 100 is a smaller number than 20.
I am learning photo graphee - see the results at www.danmarchant.com
Dan Marchant's gear list:Dan Marchant's gear list
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Finger skilz
guy plays soccer with his fingers
guy plays soccer with his fingers
www.sportsfanexplorer.com Italian training camp before World Cup 2006
Getting hit with a Book
Well Its not sexual if your thinking that its just a kid getting owned using a gigantic tube. the last attempt is the best by far.
best amazing sports video!
Everything he touches turns to Skittles - it's pretty awesome.
Dangerously funny videos created and produced by Rémi GAILLARD. The show continue on www.nimportequi.com
Great stuff by NonDripHelmet @ http://www.youtube.com/user/NonDripHelmet
http://avasajt.webs.com/apps/videos/ Worst of all, it failed in its intention to stop the match, so it turned out an even bigger idiot than usual.
A guy trys to "ghostride the whip" only to have his car stolen.
white guy really wants his cheezburger
More on this programme: http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b00ysgpg Hugh Dennis invites David Armand to perform a hilarious mime to Queen's 'Don't Stop Me Now' ...
Jonathan Coulton meets a friend.
you need you very need to see this video !
credit to Amar


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Reviews of Legend of the Fist: The Return of Chen Zhen 2010
Ahhh!! Donnie Yen is the shit!
Straight-up superhero movie, with Donnie Yen as a sort of Captain China. This and Chow Yun-Fat's The Last Tycoon really make me want to study the history of Shanghai during the Japanese occupation: they're telling the same sort of story, and are set at the same time in the same place, and feature so many characters that are clearly the same but have different names, that I want to find out who was really there and what really went on.
Andrew Lau, of Infernal Affairs fame pays tribute to Bruce Lee by reincarnating one of his most memorable characters in the formulaic yet passable The Legend of the Fist: The Return of Chen Zhen. Donnie Yen, certainly the most prominent Hong Kong action star of the moment, has begun to star in a series of historical films, which consistently feature underdeveloped characters and too few action scenes. Over the last two years, he delivered two films loosely based on the…
Was expecting better action. Strange story. All over the place.
Film #7 of the Scavenger Hunt #4 Challenge
Film that features parkour
Donnie Yen, Anthony Wong, and Shu Qi. That's a dream team. It's a shame that the potential is squandered on a story that drags on between fight scenes. The action is great, there's just not enough of it.
Trying to be too many things at once. Propaganda start, wirework superpowers, Casablanca, homage to Fist of Legend, Batman movie. I was so confused I had to stop.
Legend of the fist really suffers from a lack of action as the story that unfolds certainly isn't enough to carry the film for it's length. What action there is, is just superb as Donnie yen is on ton form pulling off impossible moves using wire work and if the film had a few more of these, it could have been a classic. I liked the super hero idea too in the real world of war. The film looked pretty good too with some superb lighting. It's a missed opportunity.
A boring mess with barely any fight scenes for a Donnie Yen movie and very convoluted subplots. At least it looks good and is colorful at times.
Continuing my kung-fu film binge recently I wanted to catch up on a few Donnie Yen movies I'd overlooked. I saw this was available, and as I quite enjoy both Jet Li's Fist of Legend and of course Bruce Lee's Fist of Fury, I figured I might as well give this a go too.
It's absolutely bizarre. And I'm not just talking about Yen's 50 Shades of Grey all-leather gimp Kato outfit. The plot seems to be all over the…
Full review: trashcity.org/BLITZ/BLIT2895.HTM
If there's more than an echo of Bruce Lee here, with Yen adopting a secret identity that's clearly inspired by Lee's Kato character from The Green Hornet, and there's also a sign referencing the Chinese as being the "sick men of Asia". The latter is no surprise, since the character of Chen Zhen was originally created by Lee for Fist of Fury, which had a similar sign. Mind you, Chen was also played by Jet Li in…
4/10: This is somewhat sequel to the original classic Fist of Fury (1972) staring Bruce Lee. Disappointed with this version of Chen Zhen as the filmmakers incorporated superhero element into the movie which makes it very cartoonish. I would recommend watching Jet Li's Fist of Legend (1994) instead.
his movie opens with a great action / karate scene. It takes place in the early stages of WWI. The Chinese, Japanese, French and Germans are all fighting. The cinematography is wonderful. It will remain so throughout the entire film. The battle rages on and we see a Chinese soldier go down. Another man in his battalion takes matters into his own hands and nearly single handedly wins the battle. You get a feeling that he could have won the…


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Ever since Meek Mill signed on with MMG, he has been releasing bangers left and right, and his single "Ima Boss" off of the Maybach Music collab album Self Made Vol. 1 has just been remixed. Meek Mill spits a hot new verse and brings in quite the list of notable names; T.I., Rick Ross, Lil' Wayne, Birdman, & Swizz Beatz while DJ Khaled hosts and mixes the track. This song is heavy, to say the least, as these artists all killed their verses. This song goes so hard before these artists hopped on which just makes it that much better, so check it out and enjoy.:http://files2.earmilk.com/upload/mp3/2011-11/MeekDownload: Meek Mill – Ima Boss (Remix)
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The number of people diagnosed with the condition, the most common form of arthritis, is on the rise.
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"No medical paperwork. On initial visit, doctor asked many questions and did the history himself. Spent20 to 25 minutes on a very thorough medical exam. Said he" was ordering a few blood tests but he was pretty confident he knew what the patient had. This was confirmed through subsequent tests. Doctor called up with results of blood tests and procedures. the day he received them. Clearly, an unusually gifted diagnostician. Patient had illness that had eluded dozens of previous doctors and he diagnosed it on the spot. His hands on approach to diagnosing may be responsible; this is rare in today's strong drift to reliance on tests. Every follow up exam involves at least five minutes of physical exam. His manner is kind and gentlemanly and he has taken the time to speak to other providers. Stays very current with the latest developments in his field. Pursues conservative treatment plan, doing everything by the latest standards, combined with a knowledge of the standards insurance companies demand for coverage.
"We presented him with previous test results demonstrating a rheumatological disorder and described current treatment. He spent perhaps 15 seconds on a physical" exam. He ordered another test and we came back. He said tests results were negative so patient could not have said disorder. When asked about other positive test results he dismissed them, saying they must have been from transitory illnesses, although one is viewed in current literature as definitive for diagnosis. He then announced his diagnosis of fibromyalgia, despite barely having laid a hand on the patient. Later research on my part showed the test he ordered is not recommended for this condition because its sensitivity is less than 50%, meaning it will show no disorder in over 50% of the people who have it. Throughout the conversation his
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Rheumatology reviews in Sarasota
Through examination.....Ultrasound of wrist and fingers before injections were given Everything was explained before being done. Doctor and staff extremely helpful. I was told to rest my hand for the balance of the day. Medication was prescribed and I picked it up on my way home......I have recommended Dr. Dachman to all of my friends. They practice a Holistic method.....Physical therapy, acupuncture, injections if needed. Medication when needed. They do not prescribe unnecessary narcotics.....They treat you like you are important.......There was no waiting and hour after I got there for my appointment. I was taken in on time, maybe a few minutes early.
Dr. Botson is by far the best doctor I have ever see. He really takes the time to hear you out and answer any questions. He legitimately cares about my wellbeing and we create a treatment plan together, rather than just telling me what to do. He has never ignored or made me feel stupid for having a concern or a question, and he plays an active roll in making sure any test results are discussed with him before he has one of his assistants call, so when I have had questions, he is able to answer them. If he is not right next to his assistant when she calls, and she says she will call you back, she does. When I have called in for a prescription refill, there isn't any rudeness or short attitudes, and they are always good about getting the prescription requests sent in as soon as they confirm them, which is very quick. He does have a rather long waiting list to get into him as a new patient, I'm sure its because once you've met him you don't want to keep him, but once you are established he makes sure you know you are a priority and that he will do what he can to help. The first time I saw him he and I discussed testing, but what I remember most is how he made me feel when we talked about what would happen if the test results come back negative or different than expected, he wasn't just going to stop seeing me and refer me out to another doctor and forget about me, he said we would figure things out together, and he has stuck with me since then. He is also, by far, the nicest doctor I have ever met. If you are coming to him as a new patient, he's worth the wait.
Moved here from Atlanta where I was treated for Osteoporosis at profolia I waited 2 weeks passed no calls 4 weeks passed no calls i called and left messages for them for 2 weeks. Finally my husband got someone on the phone and they said that I need to have a primary doctor before they could get medicine approved. I am on Blue Options PPO , they lied to the doctor and said they had left me messages . They are the most unprofessional staff I have ever been to. The lack of professionalism is unbelievable. To put me in jeopardy of bone loss and then to lie. They should be shut down
Holly now, I pay out of pocket, but insurance still reimburses me!
It worked out good. She's very nice and on your level when she talks to you. I appreciate her friendliness and understanding. She really cares for her patients."
I wish I could tell you I got an appointment. I found this center and Dr. She was SOOOOO RUDE! She never asked for my name, only if I was a new patient. I am a new patient, then she asked which insurance. I told her. Then she started asking me questions about logos on the insurance card. I told her I was a PPO, that is what the card says. Then she started arguing with me that I was wrong. She said "can you please get the card". I said, "I am physically holding the card, I am staring at it". She then yelled and was frustrated and said she couldn't help me because my card should have another logo, not just PPO. I told her I had called myself to verify he was an approved doctor, she said didn't matter she needed verification from her own computer. I told her I had a member number she can call, she said "NO, we don't have time to do those things". She then said, "we can't make an appointment for you". I said, but I need to make an appointment and I do have insurance he accepts. She then said fax me the card, and was quickly hanging up when I asked "WAIT, I need the fax number.." She gave me a fax number and said she would look at the card and if it's one they accept she would call me back. I have to say I have little faith I'll get a call back. Again, she never asked for my name, phone number, insurance card number, zero. All she asked was what insurance and a logo. I am a pharmacist and I understand insurances, insurances cards and the difficulties, but NEVER have a heard or seen such a thing. You ask for the insurance number and a member number. I don't see how this could be a doctor's office. Dr.
I have been using him over 30 years. I have a good rapport with him; we can talk. The staff is very friendly and the office is kind of on the small side. They are going to be moving to a new building soon, but even for the small office it is well-kept. I don't know when he plans on retiring."
Rheumatologists in Sarasota, FL
Companies below are listed in alphabetical order. To view top rated service providers along with reviews and ratings, Join Angie's List Now!
Bond Clinic
500 E Central Ave
Winter Haven
Winter Haven
Brian McKinley MD
315 75th St W
Clark & Daughtrey Medical Group
130 Pablo St
Classical Wellness
2625 Keystone Rd
Tarpon Springs
Tarpon Springs
Cruse, Dr. Laura M
Daniel Small MD
3500 S Tamiami Trl
Diagnostic Clinic
3131 N McMullen Booth Rd
Doctors Hospital of Sarasota
5731 Bee Ridge Road
Dr. Jeffre O Price DC
13355 Tamiami Trl
North Port
North Port
Englewood Community Hospital
700 Medical Blvd
Facr, Dr. Michele Spuza-Milord
5100 Seminole Blvd
Saint Petersburg
Saint Petersburg
Florida Chiropractor
5621 Central Ave
St. Petersburg
St. Petersburg
Gnanashanmugam, Dr. Shanmugapriya
12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd
HealthPoint Medical Group
4902 Eisenhower BLVD Ste 300
Intercoastal Medical Group
943 S Beneva Rd
Intercoastal Rheumatology
943 S Beneva Rd
John Carter MD
12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd
Kaine, Dr. Jeffrey L
3500 S Tamiami Trl
Kelley, Dr. Joe
943 S Beneva Rd
Largo Medical Ctr
201 14th St SW
McIlwain Medical Group, PA
4700 N Habana Ave., Ste 201
Medical Center of Trinity
9330 State Rd 54
Memorial Hospital of Tampa
2901 Swann Ave
Miller, Dr. Jeffrey
3218 W Azeele St
Mills, Dr. Charles R
1551 West Bay Dr
Nagibina, Dr. Tatiana
646 Virginia St
Northside Hospital
6000 49th St N
Saint Petersburg
Saint Petersburg
O'Duffy, Dr. Desmond J.
943 S Beneva Rd
Oak Hill Hospital
11375 Cortez Blvd
Palms of Pasadena Hospital
1501 Pasadena Ave
St. Petersburg
St. Petersburg
Partners in OB/GYN - South Tampa
2818 W Virginia Ave
Pettet, Dr. Christopher
2564 Sunset Point Rd
Pinnacle Medical Group
315 75th St W
Pinnacle Rheumatology
315 75th St W
Regional Medical Center Bayonet Point
1400 Fivay Rd
Richard Yonker DO
3500 S Tamiami Trl
Ronald Weitzner MD
3500 S Tamiami Trl
Sarasota Arthritis Center
1945 Versailles St FL 2
Sarasota Arthritis Center
1945 Versailles St
Small, Howard DVM
10930 E State Rd
Smith, Dr. Kimberly
6540 Gunn Hwy
Southeast Regional Arthritis Center
1478 Jordan Hills Ct
St Petersburg General Hospital
6500 38th Ave N
Saint Petersburg
Saint Petersburg
Valeriano-Marcet, Dr. Joann
12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd
Yoel Drucker MD
3500 S Tamiami Trl
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