text:
"I had a wonderful experience at your Canton store today. This was my first visit but will not be my last. The salesperson was very helpful and extremely nice and was able to answer all my questions. If you have some kind of employee recognition program, she should definitely be recognized as an asset to your company. Again, great experience."
Leslie, Manager Obedience Training
|Leslie has been with Especially for Pets since 1994. During this time, she has created and implemented a number of the educational programs offered at Especially for Pets. She is Especially for Pets' Obedience Manager and also helps to develop a variety of special, community based projects and events.
Leslie states that "working for Especially for Pets has been a pleasure and a privilege." She feels that the company culture truly respects and encourages each employee bring their particular talents and interests to the table. As a result "this is why Especially for Pets is an industry leader in the retail sector and more importantly, a large contributor to humane and animal awareness."
Leslie's personal canine passion is being a volunteer puppy raiser for Canine Companions for Independence (CCI), which is a nationwide, non-profit organization that provides assistance dogs to people with disabilities, other than blindness. She has served as President for CCI's New England volunteer group. Currently, she is the Volunteer Trainer for New England-based puppy raisers. As volunteer puppy raisers, Leslie and her family train, socialize, care for and love one of these special puppies for the first 18 months of his life. After this, the puppy enters advanced training with the goal of graduating and being placed with a disabled person. Leslie has had the honor of raising seven puppies for CCI; Lively, Zillah, Enzi, Titan, Bogie, Jason and Bryn.


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Rockfax DescriptionThe right-hand wall of the chimney starting up a thin crack and trending left towards the top. Escapable but with some good stretchy moves, especially the one off the undercut! © ROCKFAX
dannyboy83 - Solo O/S - 29/Jun/15 with Lena
Took over the lead after Duncan almost lost a lense from his specs. Managed a hard move to the break above the crack, plugged a few cams and took a lob trying to reach next holds... Escaped off left.Alex Thompson - Lead dnf - 24/Jun/15 with Duncan Stone Donkey
theomoore - Lead O/S - 20/Dec/14 with Roisin
Great moves. .a twilight bonus to staking out a rainy Crowden.adi bryant - Lead O/S - 11/May/14 with Jake
Dan's 3rd E2 towards half colours. Bold for him on lead, but beautiful flowing moves for secondhlegge - 2nd O/S - 08/Aug/13 with Dan Gyi
Fairly bold and committing, spent a while figuring out the beta, but once figured out the climb was great.DanielGyi - Lead O/S - 08/Aug/13 with Dom Pearce, Hamish Legge
dr_botnik - 2nd dog - 03/Aug/13 with deacon
Painful pocket. A little soft for E2 though pretty sustained. All in all a good route but that ar�te gets tempting.deacondeacon - Lead O/S - 03/Aug/13
Really enjoyed this route. Well protected for E2 with the right gear but sustained enough to remain E2 I think. Would be 3 stars if it was more independent. Rarely climbed it seems but very worth a go with it's varied holdsmartroberts - Lead O/S - 27/Jun/12
Chris M - Lead - 21/May/11 with Tommy B
Hidden - TR - 21/May/11
Hidden - 2nd O/S - 21/May/11
Hidden - 2nd dog - 21/May/11
Hidden - Lead O/S - 10/Apr/11
pie_eater_pete - Lead - 10/Apr/11
mwatson - 2011
Hidden - Lead O/S - 25/Jul/10
nick ferro - 2nd - 25/Jul/10 with Jonathan Aylwin
riven - 2nd O/S - 05/Jun/10 with Pete
Jumped off before the main difficulties due to problems with injusred finger and fear. Nicely sustained route, not sure I've ever been much more pumped on a route! Didn't feel as escapable as the book makes out. petellis - Lead O/S - 05/Jun/10 with Joe Barker
Hidden - Lead O/S - 11/Apr/10
This went, ok ish. Got well pumped at the top, psyching for the last long reach. Hardest part of this lead was not escaping leftwards when tempted toCragrat Rich - Lead O/S - 11/Oct/09
Hidden - Lead O/S - 11/Oct/09
Adam Smedley - Lead O/S - 20/Mar/09
Adam Smedley - Lead O/S - Mar/09
danrhodes1987 - Lead O/S - 2009 with Tom Sherrif
Hidden - Lead O/S - 23/Aug/08
Hidden - TR dnf - 14/Jul/08
towdman - TR - 11/Jun/08 with Graham Armitage
Graham Armitage - TR - 11/Jun/08 with towdman
Pre placed the gear. Scary last couple of metres above the last runner though. Well chuffed. Very reachy for me though. I reckon it might be 6a for shortiesrobbo - Lead RP - 20/May/08 with Phil Jenks
jh5638 - TR dog - 17/May/08
Lukey B - TR RP - Mar/07
Hidden - 2nd dog - 26/Nov/06
Hidden - 2nd - Sep/03
charlesmfrench - 2nd O/S - 08/Mar/83
Users with this climb on their wishlist are:

subset: commoncrawl


text:
NDIM Affiliated to GGSIPU has NO branch at F-13, Okhla Phase-1, New Delhi.
We create numerous opportunities for our student to grow, lead and turn out to be winners of tomorrow. Events Held: Orientation Day, Teacher's Day Sapling Day
Find out more about our 19 Years old Institute.
Find out about our BBA Prog & how to Apply.
Explore our Clubs & Committees.


text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Oct 2, 2001
|Filing date
|Jan 4, 1999
|Priority date
|Jan 4, 1999
|Fee status
|Publication number
|Hayden C. Cranford, Jr., Eirik Gude, Joseph A. Iadanza, Paul A. Owczarski, Jonathan H. Raymond
|Original Assignee
|International Business Machines Corporation
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (6), Referenced by (21), Classifications (13), Legal Events (5)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates generally to the field of self-test structures for communications devices such as transceivers, and more particularly, a system for testing complex integrated circuit communications transceiver devices.
2. Discussion of the Prior Art
Transceiver circuits used in network communication applications, e.g., Ethernet, are designed and built as stand-alone chips with a standardized digital communications port for connection to the digital domain. Due to their stand-alone nature, and the relative simplicity of early transceivers, it was relatively simple to test these chips functionally to verify both the logic portion of the chip, and the analog transmit and receive circuitry. Early transceivers were built using a current driving, wave shaping, digital-to-analog converter as a transmitter and multiple analog comparators as a receiver. Due to their relative simplicity, these structures could alternatively be tested by parts when integrated into a larger piece of silicon with the digital portion being tested via Level-Sensitive Scan Design ("LSSD"), the DAC portion being tested through a series of DC parametric measurements, and the receiver being tested through a latched receiver test.
As the speed and complexity of the transceiver circuits increases, however, so does the complexity of the receiver. Moreover, the complexity of the receiver increases at a faster rate than the complexity of the transmitter and the digital circuitry. The transmitter and the digital circuitry both may still be tested via traditional LSSD and parametric means with little test coverage impact. Newer receivers, however, generally contain variable equalization and gain circuity, PLL driven clock recovery, peak detection, and AC coupled input circuitry with internal DC restoration which makes testing via DC parametric levels ineffectual. As a result, not only has functional test been required to verify the operation of the receiver, but such testing has generally needed to be performed over multiple cable lengths to insure that the equalization and gain range of the receiver can mitigate both signal loss and signal (primarily phase) distortion caused by varying lengths of cable over which the signal may travel.
FIG. 1 illustrates a data flow for an industry standard test methodology 10 such as described in the reference "ICS 1890 Test Plan Revision 3.0" �1996 Integrated Circuit Systems, Inc. In this prior art method, all portions of the stand-alone transceiver chip are tested functionally at speed with repeated tests over multiple cable lengths, e.g, 1m-100m of cable, to test the ability of the device to adapt to, and successfully receive signals transmitted over varying lengths of cable. As shown in FIG. 1, the digital patterns from the tester (not shown) are input to the digital portion 15 of the transceiver under test, which generates signals for testing the analog transmitter portion 20. Outputs from the analog transmit portion 20 are current signals 21 which are input into passive components 23 a and coil (magnetic) step-up module 24 a for converting the current signals 21 into voltage signals suitable for input to the analog receiver portion 40 of the transceiver device. Depending upon the test, these analog voltage test signals are transmitted to the receiver 40 via variable length coaxial cables 30 having a pair of RJ45 connectors 25 a,b and corresponding passive components 23 b and step-down coil (magnetic) modules 24 b for converting the test signals into the proper input signals 26 for the analog receiver.
The reference entitled "System and Method for Analog Test and Trimming of a Transceiver Circuit," IBM Disclosure BU8-97-0336, 1997, describes an earlier test methodology 80, the likes of which is illustrated in FIG. 2. Using this methodology, analog signals brought into the transceiver and converted to digital signatures via RX port 81 could be sampled by register 82 at appropriate intervals during a test window. Composite samples stored in 82 may be selected as data input to the transmitter portion of the transceiver 86 via mux structure 85 and control logic 88. Measurement using external test equipment of the analog waveforms produced by transmitter 86 respondent to register 82 contents provides a means of both assessing the function of the receiver 81 via analog output measurement, and providing analog feedback to monitor resistor trimming processes common in the tuning of analog integrated circuits. Additionally, a method allowing transmitter 86 to alternately source analog test data which may be provided by a built-in-self-test (BIST) to the receiver 81 via an optional external connection 89 and provide analog signatures for the verification of receiver 81 using sampling register 82 and control logic 88 is described. The methodology also adds Mux Latches 83 to provide for digital test stimulus for the bulk of the receive digital function 84, and a built-in-self-test unit 87 to provide data patterns, primarily for analog verification of the transmitter 86. Other digital portions of the transceiver, not shown, are tested using standard digital methodologies such as level-sensitive-scan-design (LSSD), scannable flip-flops, or functional patterns.
A prior art test methodology implemented for IBM's 10T Ethernet core is illustrated in FIG. 3(a). As shown in FIG. 3(a), the transceiver device 50 is segmented into a receive portion 65, a transmit portion 70, and a digital portion 16 comprising a transceiver digital logic device 15, transmit BIST logic device 63 and mux/latch boundaries devices 60 a and 60 b, each device being tested separately. The digital portion 16 is tested via LSSD means with mux/latch boundaries 60 a and 60 b providing alternate stimulus at the analog-to-digital boundary and digital data sampling at the digital-to-analog boundary respectively. The transmitter 70 is tested via parametric measurement (i.e. current or voltage) with patterns driven by a transmit counter/built-in-self-test (BIST). The receiver 65 is tested via a latch receiver test similar in nature to ASIC receivers whereby the digital results of analog-to-digital conversion performed by receiver 65 on DC input signals are captured at the mux/latch boundary 60 a for scanout and verification via the tester.
FIG. 3(b) illustrates a test methodology for the IBM token ring transceiver embedded into a silicon chip which includes an on-chip analog loop back path 72 including a transfer gate 73 for providing an internal bridge between the analog transmitter 70′ and receiver 65′ in the circuit and used to test the receiver portion of the circuit.
In addition to the references cited above, U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,337,316, 5,402,440, 5,648,972 and 5,675,588 each described methodologies for testing communications devices, with U.S. Pat. No. 5,648,972 particularly directed to testing of a single integrated circuit transceiver.
Functional single IC transceiver testing of the nature as shown in FIG. 1, uses the transmitter portion to drive the receiver and requires complex board design to include passive components and coaxial connectors, as well as the ability to switch in and out coaxial cable lengths from 1 meter to more than 100 meters in order to "generate" the receive signal used for test. Generally, because the circuit is allowed to auto-converge to an equalization and gain setting, the test time for each cable length is greatly increased, e.g., to more than four seconds, while the data collection and verification methodology becomes complex, requiring either on-board or on-tester data collection and post-processing to handle the variable latency of the different cable lengths and the high data rate of the communications port. These factors make implementation of this test methodology in a digital test manufacturing environment extremely difficult, especially when multiple port counts which may exceed twelve (12) are contained within a single piece of silicon.
Thus, the need exists to test such chips in an inexpensive manufacturing test setting which provides a means of receiver test while eliminating requirements for external coaxial cable and external data collection and post-processing.
The present invention is directed to a system and method for testing complex portions of hybrid (analog and digital), stand-alone integrated circuit transceivers in a manufacturing environment with minimal external hardware. Using a combination of test-specific circuitry and pattern algorithms built into the mixed signal transceiver, a test methodology suitable for application and measurement on a digital tester is provided, without the need for external coaxial cable and external data collection and post-processing.
According to the principles of the invention, there is provided a transceiver device for receiving and transmitting data over a network comprising a built in self test (BIST) device for generating and transmitting data signals representative of signals capable of being transmitted over a network, the BIST further generating a control signal for impairing characteristics of the representative signal; a transmitter device for receiving the representative network data signals and the impair control signal and generating an output signal corresponding to the representative network data signals and having an impaired characteristic according to the impair control signal; a receiver device for receiving the output signal from the transmitter device and for reconstructing the representative network data, the BIST device receiving the reconstructed representative network data and detecting erroneous performance by the transceiver from the reconstructed representative network data.
Further features and advantages of the invention will become more readily apparent from a consideration of the following detailed description set forth with reference to the accompanying drawings, which specify and show preferred embodiments of the invention, wherein like elements are designated by identical references throughout the drawings; and in which:
FIGS. 1 and 2 illustrate the data flow for current implementations of IC transceiver test methods;
FIG. 3(a) illustrates generally the current test methodology employed for an IBM 10T Ethernet core transceiver;
FIG. 3(b) illustrates generally the current test methodology employed for an IBM token ring transceiver;
FIG. 4 is a high-level flow diagram depicting the inventive test system and methodology for testing a complex integrated transceiver circuit;
FIG. 5 is a block diagram depicting the operation of the novel transmit and receive BIST function provided in the testing system of the invention;
FIGS. 6(a)-6(h) provide example waveforms for a 100Tx test configuration implemented by the system of the invention;
FIG. 7 is a diagram depicting functional transmitter components and test-specific transmitter components in the transceiver transmit device;
FIG. 8 is a flow diagram depicting transceiver test design considerations;
FIG. 9 is a flow diagram depicting test programming design considerations corresponding to the transceiver test design considerations; and
FIG. 10 illustrates a test execution flow for transceiver test.
FIG. 4 illustrates the test device architecture 100 of the invention for testing a single chip transceiver device employed, e.g., in local area network applications. As shown in FIG. 4, the single chip transceiver to be tested according to the test methodology 100 of the invention includes a digital domain portion 75, an analog transmit portion 125, and an analog receiver portion 150 of state-of-the-art complexity containing variable gain/equalization, AC termination, peak detection, DC restoration, and PLL driven clock recovery, and, a novel Built-In Self-Test "BIST" level device including a transmit BIST component 175 which is used to create data patterns for measurement/verification of the analog transmitter DAC, and a novel receive BIST component 205 for driving the receiver portion 150, testing and analyzing the receiver data with minimal tester intervention.
As additionally shown in FIG. 4, the testing system 100 of the invention includes the LSSD latch boundaries 110 a, 110 b such as provided in the testing device of the original 10T transceiver shown in FIG. 2, for isolating the digital domain 15 from the analog transmit/receive domain and for providing LSSD test of the digital domain which covers all digital functions, including the digital adaptation circuitry which would normally drive the analog receiver (connection not shown). The circuit 130 provides a multiplexor function for receiving signals from the receive BIST and digital domain portion of the test circuit 100, while the circuit 135 provides a protocol generation function enabling generation of specific signals in accordance with a particular transmit communications protocol, e.g., multi-level transmit (MLT3) used in 100TX Ethernet communication, or Manchester protocol, etc.
Added to the original implementation of the transmit BIST 60 b (FIG. 2), is the novel receive BIST 205 which provides alternative, programmable data to the protocol generalization logic of the transceiver, controls the adaptation setup of the analog receiver, thereby bypassing adaptation convergence (tested in the digital domain) and, speeds test and compression of the data received at the receiver port. The new receive BIST 205 additionally may assert control over protocol generation to disable scrambling methodologies present in some transceivers. Additionally, the loopback path from the token ring design (FIG. 3) is provided for implementing a selectable on-chip path for use during test.
As further shown in FIG. 4, a set of external passive devices 185 may be provided (off-chip) at the output 189 of the transmitter 125 to convert the transmitter output, which is a current, into a voltage, which is internally transmitted (on-chip) to the inputs of the receiver via transfer gate 173, thus, obviating the need for magnetic coil and coax connectors as previously required (FIG. 1). Network connections (not shown) beyond the passive components of the transmitter and coming from off-chip on the receiver may be allowed, but are not necessary for the receiver test methodology of the invention.
FIG. 5 is a flow diagram depicting the novel BIST function having a transmit portion 175 used to generate periodic digital data pattern for transmission to the analog receiver 150 without connectivity to the edge of the chip in which the transceiver is embedded; and, a receive BIST portion 205 for providing the testing of the analog receiver portion 150. Example signal waveforms present at the transmit and receive-side BIST components for an example Ethernet 100Tx transceiver operation are shown in FIGS. 6(a)-6(h).
With regard to the transmit BIST portion 175, a sequential data bitstream(s) is generated for input to the analog transmitter 125 at the nominal data rate for producing the proper frequency to be fed to the receive circuitry 150 of the transceiver. Two independent programmable "1's" and "0's" counter/comparator systems 215 a and 215 b are respectively coupled with BIST control logic circuitry 220 to enable programming and alteration of both the digital data "frequency" and data "duty cycle" of the digital data signal 221 to be transmitted to the protocol generation unit 135, as shown in FIGS. 4 and 5. In the preferred embodiment, the counter comparator systems 215 a and 215 b receive a reference clock input signal 210 (FIG. 6(a)), e.g., at 125 MHZ for the example Ethernet 100TX communications transceiver, and are programmed to generate a BIST signal 221 (FIG. 6(b)) comprising a series of logic level 1's and 0's at the desired test frequency and duty cycle for input to the protocol generator and/or analog transmitter 125 (FIG. 4). For the example programmed signal 221 (FIG. 6(b)) input to the protocol generator, the resultant analog MLT-3 data waveform 213 transmitted from the analog transmitter 125 coupled to the external passive devices 185 (FIG. 4) is shown in FIG. 6(c). It should be understood that use of the two independent programmable counter comparator systems 215 a and 215 b and control logic circuitry 220 enables generation of a data waveform which may be used for testing analog receiver sensitivies such as long periods of inactivity which may test PLL, DC restore, or peak detect circuits, or high levels of activity which may test circuit response. If scrambling is generally implemented in protocol generation, the BIST 175 also operates to disable the scrambling and allow for the unscrambled data to be sent on the line.
Operation of the receive side 205 of the BIST is now described in view of FIGS. 4 and 5. For the Receive BIST 205, equalization and gain setting circuitry 240 is provided for generating signals 241 representing equalization and gain settings for input to the analog receiver 150 and which are used to eliminate the convergence time for variable gain adaptation, thereby reducing the effective clock recovery PLL lock time during test. Particularly, the receive side of the BIST uses a system reference clock 210 along with the received serial bitstream 217 from the receiver, a recovered clock signal 212, and PLL lock signal 214 from the analog receiver 150 to analyze the receiver function.
Particularly, as shown in FIG. 4, a bi-directional bus 202 between the receiver 150 and the receive BIST 205 includes signal lines enabling BIST receipt of serial bitstream 217, PLL lock indicator 214, and recovered clock signal 212, and, further enabling communication of receiver equalization/gain settings to the receiver 150 and transfer control gate signal 203 to the transfer gate 173.
In operation, a PLL lock signal 214 is input from the receiver indicating that the received clock signal has been locked. At the receipt of the PLL locked signal 214, a latch circuit 218 is set to enable four counter-monitoring systems within the BIST. The first of these counter/monitoring systems is a reference counter system 222 including an enable circuit 222 a and counter circuit 222 b which is reset prior to BIST start, and begins counting reference clock cycles 210 when the clock recovery system locks. This counter system 222 provides a sampling window of known value and is programmable so as to provide window tailoring. Particularly, the counter output of the reference counter 222 b is input to a counter enable logic circuit 219 which generates an enable signal 223 for enabling counter/monitoring operation of the counter/monitoring systems for the pre-determined window of time. The second counter/monitoring system comprises a PLL lock monitor circuit 226 responsive to the enable 223 signal for monitoring the PLL lock signal 214 (FIG. 6(d)) and ensuring that once locked, the PLL does not unlock during the duration of the test as defined by the reference counter system 222. The PLL lock monitor circuit is also capable of providing readout in cases where the PLL did not lock initially. The third counter/monitoring system comprises a recovered data counter circuit 228 enabling frequency measurement of the recovered data signal 217 (FIG. 6(f)) as data is transmitted as a periodic signal. The recovered data counter circuit 228 particularly provides a transition count during the defined reference counter window. The fourth counter/monitoring system comprises a recovered clock counter circuit 232 for measuring the number of transitions of the recovered clock signal 212 (FIG. 6(e)) during the reference counter window.
As shown in FIG. 4, when the BIST system is initially started, a periodic data signal 213 is broadcast from the transmitter 125 in conjunction with external passive devices 185 as connected by transmitter output 189, for receipt by the analog receiver 150. The voltage developed at output 189 appears across the connection between transfer gate 173 and transmitter 125 which is a second branch off the output 189. The voltage waveform is gated by transfer gate 173 and allowed to propagate to the receiver via connection 199 between the transfer gate 173 and the receiver 150. It should be understood that lines 190 and 199 converge inside the receiver 150, however, line 190, the functional input, is left unconnected in test mode. Once the data is received and successfully locked, the four counter systems 222, 226, 228 and 232 are enabled. The second, third, and fourth system counter transitions on key receiver outputs while the reference counter is less than the programmed maximum value and disregards transitions outside this time window. The reference clock 210 of the transceiver and BIST (FIG. 6(a)) run long enough to allow the specified lock time for the PLL, measurement time as defined by the reference window, and a time buffer; but it should be understood that the actual number of cycles is not critical as long as the window is sufficiently large so as to minimize the uncertainty caused by the exclusion of the least significant bit(s) in the result comparison. Once the number of functional cycles is completed, the transceiver chip may be returned to LSSD mode, and the contents of the BIST may be scanned and checked. The contents of the reference counter 222 b may be used to insure that the time period between PLL lock and test termination was sufficient to complete the window, and also verifies the upper bound of the lock time for the PLL since only a predetermined number of reference clock cycles are allotted to occur in the test. The lock monitor contents verify that the PLL initially locked, and that it did not unlock during the reference window. The recovered data counter 228 may be checked to ensure that the proper number of transitions, as calculated by the data frequency rate and the reference window width minus some least significant bit uncertainty due to the asynchronous nature of the reference clock to recovered data, was found. An example timing diagram showing the number of data counter transitions 229 is shown in FIG. 6(h). The recovered clock counter 232 may be checked to ensure that a proper number of recovered clock pulses as calculated by the expected mean frequency of the recovered clock and reference window minus some LSB uncertainty for the asynchronous nature of the clocks, was found. An example timing diagram showing the number of clock counter transitions 233 is shown in FIG. 6(g). As the system is self timing, no external data collection and post processing is required in the system. Additionally, the system provides a level of AC performance testing of the driver not previously accomplished via on-chip test assists.
According to the invention, in order to eliminate the need for cable-induced signal attenuation, a test-specific transmitter 125 is provided as shown in FIG. 4 that is capable of transmitting data in a format identical to the functional transmitter, but with lower peak-to-peak signal swings to approximate the attenuation of a specified length of cable. Particularly, the following additional circuitry is present in the transmit BIST 175 of FIG. 5: a programmable signal strength control circuit 251 providing controlling signals 253 for controlling transmit driver circuits of the analog transmitter to provide output analog transmitter signals of varying strengths; and, a programmable slurring control circuit 252 providing control signals 254 for controlling transmitter drivers capable of distorting the analog transmitter signal output, as will be herein described. Each of these circuits and the additional provision of equalization/gain setting control enables full multiple signal strength corners testing without external cabling or relays. The test-specific driver (not shown) may be implemented using a subset of fingers of the functional driver, or may comprise one or more separate drivers in order to provide additional test corner granularity. If multiple protocols are supported within the driver, multiple protocol test-specific drivers may also be implemented.
FIG. 7 illustrates an example transmit driver element including functional transmit blocks 260 a, 260 b comprising digital/analog converter elements for receiving respective positive and negative digital/analog conversion data from the protocol generator circuit 135 (FIG. 4) for functional operation. These functional transmit blocks are designed according to the particular transmitter, e.g., Ethernet 100TX, and communications protocol implemented. Additionally, according to the invention, the analog transmitter may be provided with one or more test-specific transmit blocks 270 a-270 n connected in parallel with the functional transmit block 260 a, and test-specific transmit blocks 280 a-280 n connected in parallel with the functional transmit block 260 b. Each of these test-specific transmit blocks may receive enable signals 253 from the transmit BIST 175 (FIG. 5) in order to control the signal strength of the analog transmitter output signals and are designed according to the particular transmitter, e.g., Ethernet 100TX, and communications protocol implemented.
Addition of the test-specific transmit driver blocks 270 a-270 n and 280 a-280 n of FIG. 7 not only allows for on-chip attenuation of the signal, but further provides slurring control, i.e., distortion, of the transmitted test signal. That is, the test-specific transmit driver blocks 270 a-270 n and 280 a-280 n of the analog transmitter 125 may be programmed to mimic distortion of an output waveform for testing the analog receiver under non-ideal conditions. For example, the transceiver analog transmitter 125 may be programmed to generate signals exhibiting inter-symbol interference (ISI) distortion, which is a property of the "memory" of the transmission cable not present in the short connection between the receiver and driver. To achieve such distortion in the transmitter output signal, the additional test-specific transmit driver blocks 270 a-270 n and 280 a-280 n may be programmed to misshape an otherwise sinusoidal output of the transmitter to create a non-ideal input to the analog receiver 150 (FIG. 4). This may be additionally accomplished by adding a test clock source of high jitter into the transmitter or by adding extra drive fingers which are timed to produce slurring of the output waveform, when enabled. In FIG. 7, control of the slurring and/or jitter selection functions is provided by the receive BIST structure and particularly slurring control signals 254.
As illustrated in FIG. 7, many driver circuits have a means of forcing a common mode voltage at their output. In these cases, the BIST 200 may also generate a control signal (enable signals 253, 254) for disabling the receiver side common mode generation (if present) to allow for internal analog wrap test of the transceiver. As shown in FIG. 7, external (off-chip) resistors 290 a,b may be provided to force a common mode voltage at their internal output lines 275 a,b. It is understood that internal resistors may be implemented which may be switched by the BIST 200 in test mode for providing voltage generation at a lower accuracy should this be sufficient for test purposes.
As it is often desirable to test the response of the receiver due to low frequency common mode variation, and DC wander, the transmitter output test signals can be distorted to include these characteristics by varying node VCM of the driver as shown in FIG. 7. By varying VCM around its center point, DC wander is introduced into the test signal. This simulates the effect of the high pass characteristic of the magnetics, without requiring their existence on the test board. By applying an AC signal to VCM, the effects of low frequency common mode variation on the receiver may be tested.
FIG. 8 is a flow chart depicting the primary design considerations for testing the transceiver device 10 of the invention. As indicated at step 302, a first requirement is selection of the maximum number of consecutive "1's that the transmit BIST 175 may input to the analog transmitter 125 which would require setting the number of bits in a register (not shown) included as part of the data generation "1's" counter/comparator system 215 a, as indicated at step 304. Likewise, as indicated at step 306, a decision is made as to the maximum number of consecutive "0's that the transmit BIST 175 may input to the analog transmitter, which would require setting the number of bits in a register (not shown) included as part of the data generation "0's" counter/comparator system 215 b as indicated at step 308. These two register settings together determine the maximum duty cycle and minimum frequency of the periodic data waveform generated by the BIST. Moreover, the sizes/capabilities to support the registers may also be determined.
Next, at step 312, a determination is made as to whether multiple protocols, e.g., Manchester, MLT3, are supported by the transceiver drivers, and further, whether multiple attenuations and slurring/noise simulation devices and number of protocol permutations are supported for transceiver test. Accordingly, as indicated at step 315, this would require setting the number of control latches/state machine content for the BIST controller 220. In cases where these nodes are to be controlled externally, the number of lines 262 designed into the system to provide selection of desired test nodes, is set.
Then, at step 316, the time window over which test is to be run is determined based on the following data criteria: the frequency of protocol, the data minimum/maximum frequency, and the acceptable least significant bit ("LSB") error. For example, if a low frequency transmitter operation is tested, a longer time window may be needed as compared to a high frequency test. A further determination may be made if any other status is to be monitored during test, e.g., PLL lock monitor which must indicate a "locked" status throughout a test cycle. Accordingly, as indicated at step 318, a bit count for the time windowing counter 222 b on the receive BIST 205 is set, as is the size of the recovered clock counter 232 and data edge counter 228 based on frequency of recovered clock and maximum frequency of recovered data, respectively as determined by the particular protocol and transceiver, e.g., 10T, 100Tx, etc.
Then, at step 324, a determination is made as to which receiver/transmit controls (other than attenuation/slurring) need to be set/stabilized in test, e.g., variable gain amplification/slicing in the receiver. Furthermore, a BIST engine capability is defined to enable forcing or updating of correct control values. Accordingly, at step 328, the control override capabilities required in test mode, as well as a method for controlling these units, e.g., receiver slicing, equalization, feedback loops, variable gain amplification etc. is set. Finally, at step 330, a methodology for initializing LSSD scan registers that are designed into the BIST structure is selected.
An example program 400 implementation for testing transceiver performance is depicted in FIG. 9. At first steps 402 and 406, the number of consecutive 1's and 0's are programmed into the data generator within the BIST, which, in the preferred embodiment, is less than or equal to their respective maximum counts designed into the system. This may, for example, require conversion of a binary format value for load into BIST into respective BIST "1" and BIST "0" counter register systems 215 a, 215 b (FIG. 5), as indicated at steps 404 and 408. Then, at step 412, the transmit protocol for the transceiver to be tested is determined and, accordingly, any signal attenuation and noise simulation in protocol is programmed into the BIST structure. Additionally, programmed into the BIST latch/register settings are the parameters required to put both the receiver and transmitter in the control region to be tested. As indicated at step 415, this may, for example, require conversion of a binary format value for load into BIST slurring control attenuation, and protocol control (data generator) devices.
Then, as indicated at step 416, the program utilizes the test time window value defined at BIST design time (step 316, FIG. 8), expected recovered clock frequency and expected receive data periodicity (set at steps 402 and 406) to calculate the expected contents of the recovered clock counter 232 and data edge counter 228 for a good test. Preferably, this calculation takes into account possible LSB variance due to asynchronous nature of the timing window to receive windows. As indicated at step 418, all data may be suitably coded to enable (LSSD) scanned out test comparison of BIST data, or, alternately, may be formatted for loading into the BIST for on-chip comparison results. It should be understood that steps 402-418 of FIG. 9 may be repeated for each data type, protocol, attenuation, slurring, voltage settings, temperatures to be tested, etc.
The test execution program 500 implemented for transceiver testing is now described with reference to FIG. 10. As shown at first step 502, the latch and register settings for the particular test are input to the BIST. At step 504, the analog transmitter and receiver devices are enabled and the functional reference clock 210 (FIG. 5) is run for a number of cycles as determined by the estimated lock time of the receiver, and, by the receive BIST test time window, as indicated at step 506. The reference clock may be disabled at this point. Finally, at step 510, the analog transmitter and receiver are disabled, and the contents of the recovered data counter 228 and recovered clock counter 232 are unloaded from the BIST. It should be understood that an on-chip comparison may be implemented in the BIST to compare the recovered data and clock frequency data with their respective expected values, as well as compare the expected value of the lock monitor system and reference window counter for correct values. These recovered values preferably are scanned out for comparison with expected values. As indicated at 512, the sequence of steps 502-510 may be repeated for new sets of programming data; for testing under various environmental conditions; or, until the unit under test fails.
While the invention has been particularly shown and described with respect to illustrative and preformed embodiments thereof, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing and other changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention which should be limited only by the scope of the appended claims.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Sep 25, 1989
|Oct 15, 1991
|Digital Equipment Corporation
|Local area network for digital data processing system
|Sep 19, 1989
|Dec 1, 1992
|Hitachi, Ltd.
|Packet communication processing method
|Jan 31, 1992
|Aug 9, 1994
|Motorola, Inc.
|Transceiver self-diagnostic testing apparatus and method
|Feb 28, 1992
|Mar 28, 1995
|Bull, S.A.
|Processes for testing bi-directional serial transmissions, and circuits for their implementation
|Jul 11, 1995
|Jul 15, 1997
|Exar Corporation
|V.35 integrated circuit transceiver with diagnostics loopback
|Sep 18, 1995
|Oct 7, 1997
|Fujitsu Limited
|Testing apparatus for transmission system
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Jan 7, 2002
|Jul 22, 2003
|Hitachi, Ltd.
|Semiconductor integrated circuit device
|Jul 10, 2003
|Jul 12, 2005
|Renesas Technology Corporation
|Semiconductor integrated circuit device
|Aug 16, 2001
|Dec 20, 2005
|Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd.
|Self test circuit for evaluating a high-speed serial interface
|Apr 10, 2002
|Dec 25, 2007
|International Business Machines Corporation
|Transceiver for receiving and transmitting data over a network and method for testing the same
|Apr 30, 2003
|Mar 4, 2008
|Mcelwee James Francis
|GBit/s transceiver with built-in self test features
|May 13, 2005
|May 13, 2008
|Lsi Logic Corporation
|Relocatable built-in self test (BIST) elements for relocatable mixed-signal elements
|Jan 3, 2006
|Jan 27, 2009
|Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.
|Analog base-band test apparatus and method by enhanced combination of JTAG and memory in mobile communication system
|Oct 9, 2007
|Jul 20, 2010
|International Business Machines Corporation
|Transceiver for receiving and transmitting data over a network and method for testing the same
|May 23, 2008
|May 15, 2012
|Integrated Device Technology Inc.
|Programmable duty cycle distortion generation circuit
|May 23, 2008
|Jun 5, 2012
|Integrated Device Technology, Inc
|Signal amplitude distortion within an integrated circuit
|Apr 13, 2009
|Jul 24, 2012
|Altera Corporation
|Techniques for boundary scan testing using transmitters and receivers
|May 23, 2008
|Sep 4, 2012
|Integrated Device Technology, Inc.
|Method of processing signal data with corrected clock phase offset
|Sep 13, 2012
|Mar 31, 2015
|Qualcomm Incorporated
|Devices for indicating a physical layer error
|Dec 22, 2014
|Sep 1, 2015
|Pmc-Sierra Us, Inc.
|Scrambler with built in test capabilities for unary DAC
|Jul 10, 2003
|Jun 3, 2004
|Hitachi, Ltd.
|Semiconductor integrated circuit device
|Mar 31, 2003
|Sep 30, 2004
|Slaight Thomas M.
|Method and apparatus for interconnect built-in self test based system management failure monitoring
|Jan 3, 2006
|Jul 6, 2006
|Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd
|Analog base-band test apparatus and method by enhanced combination of JTAG and memory in mobile communication system
|May 13, 2005
|Nov 16, 2006
|Lsi Logic Corporation
|Relocatable built-in self test (BIST) elements for relocatable mixed-signal elements
|Sep 13, 2012
|Oct 17, 2013
|Qualcomm Incorporated
|Devices for indicating a physical layer error
|Jul 12, 2006
|Oct 5, 2011
|Emulation and debug interfaces for testing an integrated circuit with an asynchronous microcontroller
|Apr 9, 2010
|Mar 11, 2015
|Circuit for boundary scan testing using transmitters and receivers
|U.S. Classification
|714/716, 370/245, 714/712
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Jan 4, 1999
Owner name: INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION, NEW Y
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:BALLANTINE, ARNE W.;BOKELBERG, SUSAN M.;BRISSETT, MICHAEL J.;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:009699/0365;SIGNING DATES FROM 19981207 TO 19981218
Owner name: INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION, NEW Y
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:CRANFORD, HAYDEN C. JR.;GUDE, EIRIK;IADANZA, JOSEPH A.;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:009681/0256
Effective date: 19981214
|Jan 24, 2005
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|Apr 13, 2009
|Maintenance fee reminder mailed
|Oct 2, 2009
|Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees
|Nov 24, 2009
|Expired due to failure to pay maintenance fee
Effective date: 20091002


text:
10/4/2012 (2 years ago)
Catholic Online (www.catholic.org)
The current Supreme Court has marriage, the role of parents in the education of their children, religious and economic liberty - and many other matters which could determine the future of freedom on its docket. This fact alone should bring every Pro-Life, Family and Freedom American to the ballot box on November 6, 2012.
Catholic Online (www.catholic.org)
10/4/2012 (2 years ago)
Published in Politics & Policy
Keywords: Right to Life, pro-Life, pro-Choice, Supreme Court, Religious Liberty, Freedom, culture war, marriage equality, human rights campaign, Marriage, abortion, Romney, Obama, Biden, Ryan, Deacon Keith Fournier
WASHINGTON, DC (Catholic Online) - On May 4, 2009, Pope Benedict XVI spoke to members of the Pontifical Academy of Social Sciences. He sounded a common theme of his papal Magisterium - that there is a Natural Law which can be known by all men and women through the exercise of reason. He explained that this Natural Law reveals to all men and women the existence of fundamental human rights which are binding upon all Nations and for all time.
"The Church has always affirmed that fundamental rights, above and beyond the different ways in which they are formulated and the different degrees of importance they may have in various cultural contexts, are to be upheld and accorded universal recognition because they are inherent in the very nature of man, who is created in the image and likeness of God. If all human beings are created in the image and likeness of God, then they share a common nature that binds them together and calls for universal respect."
Believing in the Natural Law as the source of fundamental human rights is absolutely critical in the light of the current decline of Western civilization. In the U.S. and much of Europe there is a denial of fundamental Human Rights which began with the denial of the foundation of all true human rights, the Right to Life. Rights are goods of the human person - not ethereal concepts floating around somewhere. When there is no human person there can be no rights for him or her to receive as an endowment from our Creator and exercise in civil society.
The Pope told the leaders: "Strictly speaking, these human rights are not truths of faith, even though they are discoverable - and indeed come to full light - in the message of Christ who "reveals man to man himself" (Gaudium et Spes, 22). They receive further confirmation from faith. The Church's action in promoting human rights is therefore supported by rational reflection, in such a way that these rights can be presented to all people of good will, independently of any religious affiliation they may have."
The Compendium of the Social Doctrine of the Church explains that the legitimate exercise of freedom requires Natural Law as a reference point: "The exercise of freedom implies a reference to a natural moral law, of a universal character, that precedes and unites all rights and duties. The natural law "is nothing other than the light of intellect infused within us by God."
"Thanks to this, we know what must be done and what must be avoided. This light or this law has been given by God to creation". It consists in the participation in his eternal law, which is identified with God himself. This law is called "natural" because the reason that promulgates it is proper to human nature. It is universal; it extends to all people insofar as it is established by reason." (Compendium #240)
In an Orwellian twist the denial of fundamental human rights now comes couched in counterfeit "rights talk" which substitutes judicially or legislatively manufactured "new-rights" in their place. It uses what Orwell called "newspeak". The most egregious example is labeling an intrinsically evil act, the taking of innocent human life in the womb, a "new-right" to abortion. Abortions do not have rights, human persons do. Every procured abortion takes away a child's Right to Life. One can never have a "right" take innocent human life. That is the case even if the positive law of a given State declares it to be "legal". Every procured abortion violates the Natural Law Right to Life.
Another example is the enforcing of a legal equivalency between homosexual relationships and marriage in the civil law. This is done by relabeling opposition to true marriage as supporting a "new-right" to "marriage equivalency". This is a verbal subterfuge, calling homosexual partnerships what they can never be because they cannot fulfill the ends of marriage.
Those who support marriage as a lifelong committed relationship between one man and one woman are now recast as "opposing marriage rights". In an Orwellian spin, they are accused of excluding people from marrying, being "narrow minded" or trying to push "values" or, even worse "religion", on others. No matter where one stands on other current issues, if you support marriage as marriage you are a bigot in this age of moral relativism.
The oxymoron, "gay marriage" is now normative for the media as they recast efforts to defend and promote marriage as opposing "marriage equality". This effort to force equivalency between homosexual unions and marriage has gained ground through a sophisticated, intelligent, well funded and multi-faceted effort. The goal is clear - the total re-ordering of civil society in a cultural revolution.
They are led by groups with noble sounding names like the "Human Rights Campaign" and "Marriage Equality USA". Both are well funded and dedicated to convincing the public that there is a "new-right" to not only engage in homosexual sexual practices and live together, which has always existed in societies, but to have that lifestyle given an equivalent legal status to marriage which is then enforced by the police power of the State.
There is a growing misuse of the Police Power to enforce these counterfeit "new-rights" with an iron hand. It is ominous. There is a propaganda effort aimed at those who insist on the existence of a Natural Law. They are dismissed as taking a "religious" position which should be censored, or at least confined to the four walls of a Church. This sophistry is used to confuse people concerning the reasonableness of the Natural Law position.
As we approach the coming Presidential election we must ask where these two candidates stand on human rights and where they think such rights come from. Are they conferred by the government and subject to change? Or, are they endowed by a Creator and inalienable? Here we need to remove beyond the rhetoric and look to their positions. What do these candidates mean when they use the word rights? Are they speaking of true rights or "new-rights".
This has serious implications on how the next person to occupy 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue will govern on many fronts. One aspect of that governance, one which is not being discussed mush, is the next President's choice of as many as four future Supreme Court Justices. There are four Justices who in their seventies, Ruth Bader Ginsburg, Antonin Scalia, Anthony Kennedy and Stephen Breyer.
The Anti-Right to Life decisions of Roe and Doe are perennial reminders of why the choice of Supreme Court Justices matters. This is one of the most important aspects of the power of the Presidency. The majority opinion in Roe and Doe reached into what that Court called the "penumbra" of the Constitution and manufactured a "new-right", producing an indefensible judicial holding and unleashing license masquerading as liberty.
By Judicial Fiat the Roe Court "removed" the Right to Life from millions of our fellow human persons and first neighbors in the first home of the womb. They placed the Police Power of the State behind protecting their killers. Roe was grounded in faulty history, relied upon disproven junk "science" and rejected both the Natural Law and the Equal protection Clause of the US Constitution.
The current Supreme Court has marriage, the role of parents in the education of their children, religious and economic liberty - and many other matters which could determine the future of freedom on its docket. This fact alone should bring every Pro-Life, Family and Freedom American to the ballot box on November 6, 2012. 'New-Rights' and the Future of Authentic Human Rights Is On the Ballot. Don't buy the nonsense that this election doesn't matter. It does - and we are responsible for our choice.
Brown Wood Family Rosary
St Patrick Rosary
By Nikky Andres (NEWS CONSORTIUM)
For five months, an Obama administration official falsely presented himself as an official U.S. ambassador. LOS ANGELES, CA (Catholic Online) - Brett McGurk, who is a deputy special presidential envoy to the Global Coalition serving under General John Allen, was ... continue reading
By Catholic Online (NEWS CONSORTIUM)
Longtime - if recently troubled political warhorse Hillary Clinton and avowed socialist Bernie Sanders are currently duking it out for the lead in the Democratic Presidential Race of 2016. Something highly significant has emerged in the contest ... the poor, ... continue reading
By Linky C. (NEWS CONSORTIUM)
Forty religious leaders and pastors met with presidential candidate Donald Trump in his Trump Tower office Monday afternoon. Trump shared a few minutes of prayer with the religious leaders, some of whom are noted televangelists. LOS ANGELES, CA (Catholic Online) ... continue reading
By Catholic Online (NEWS CONSORTIUM)
There are new revelations that Huma Abedin, Hillary Clinton's confidante, was paid both by the State department alongside the private consulting firm Teneo Holdings. Recent newspaper reports say Abedin staged a star-studded reception that included her boss' ... continue reading
By David Drudge, Catholic Online (NEWS CONSORTIUM)
The Theater of the Absurd continues at the United Nations headquarters in New York as President Obama and Vladimir Putin recite harsh lines at one another over strategy in Syria. Ironically, it is Putin, not Obama, who is calling for UN action against the Islamic ... continue reading
By Kenya Sinclair (NEWS CONSORTIUM)
During a press conference at Trump Tower on Monday, Donald Trump announced plans to drastically cut income taxes for Americans across the board. He claims there will be no wiggle room for Wall Street to squeeze out of. LOS ANGELES, CA (Catholic Online) - CNN reported ... continue reading
By Catholic Online (NEWS CONSORTIUM)
There's a major shakeup going on among Republicans in Washington. Speaker John Boehner announced his resignation last week and will be stepping down in late October. Now, there is a major push among the GOP for Mitch McConnell to resign as Senate majority ... continue reading
By Catholic Online (NEWS CONSORTIUM)
Following much intense pressure from his fellow conservatives, House Speaker John Boehner has announced his resignation. He will be stepping down at the end of October. LOS ANGELES, CA (Catholic Online) - Boehner, first elected to Congress in 1990, made the ... continue reading
By Linky C. (NEWS CONSORTIUM)
Californian Democratic Representative, Adam Schiff, distributed a letter ahead of the Pope's visit to Congress, citing the pontiff's work as something worthy of global honor, a Nobel Peace Prize. HOLLYWOOD, CALIFORNIA (Catholic Online) - The Congressman included ... continue reading
By Nikky Andres (NEWS CONSORTIUM)
The man that President Barack Obama personally picked to build the war effort against the Islamic State will be stepping down as the envoy to the global coalition this fall. At the moment, the White House is looking for a replacement to be the next war czar to help ... continue reading


text:
"Protect-a-Bub Car Seat Sunshade" is not available for sale online.
This item may be discontinued or not carried in your nearest store. Please call your local store to check in-store availability before heading there. For informational purposes, the product details and customer reviews are provided.
- Rated UPF 50+ for ultraviolet sun protection.
- Features adjustable flaps for additional side protection.


text:
MAC Half-N-Half
134 reviews
73% would repurchase
Package Quality: 4.3
Price: $$$
Package Quality: 4.3
Price: $$$
INGREDIENTSRicinus Communis (Castor) Seed Oil, Diisostearyl Malate, Trioctyldodecyl Citrate, Lanolin Oil, Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride, Euphorbia Cerifera (Candelilla) Wax\Candelilla Cera\Cire De Candelilla, Octyldodecanol, Ozokerite, Silica, Polydecene, Bis-Diglyceryl Polyacyladipate-2, Polyethylene, Microcrystalline Wax\Cera Microcristallina\Cire Microcristalline, Triticum Vulgare (Wheat) Germ Extract, Glycine Soja (Soybean) Seed Extract, Hordeum Vulgare (Barley) Extract\Extrait D'Orge, Astrocaryum Murumuru Butter, Tocopheryl Acetate, Squalane, Cholesterol, Ceramide 3, Alumina, Linoleic Acid, Vanillin, [ /- Mica, Titanium Dioxide, Iron Oxides, Blue 1 Lake, Carmine, Red 6, Red 7 Lake, Red 28, Red 30, Red 33 Lake, Yellow 5 Lake, Yellow 6 Lake, Yellow 10 Lake]
on 5/24/2011 12:13:00 PM
Age: 30-35
Skin: Dry, Olive, Not Sure
Hair: Brunette, Other, Other
Eyes: Brown
I love the MAC amplified cremes. Matte lipstick makes my lips feel very dry, so I inevitably chew the lipstick off before long. Half n half is an opaque creamy nude color that I wear if I'm doing really dramatic eye makeup or just need to slap some lipstick on without using a mirror. I do have an olive complexion, though, so I don't think this would fare as well for someone with a rosy pink complexion.
on 3/27/2011 9:31:00 PM
Age: 25-29
Skin: Oily, Tan, Not Sure
Hair: Brown, Wavy, Medium
Eyes: Brown
I'm always on the lookout for nudeish color lipsticks and as I was browsing online lastnight I came accrosse a review that someone did of their favorite MAC listicks and half -n- half definately stood out to me. I quickly made a trip to the mall this morning and picked it up. Tried it on as soon as I got in the car (I cound't wait untiI got home) lol I absolutely LOVE it!!!
Let me just say, the only color I really liked from MAC is Shy Girl. half -n- half is a little warmer than shy girl. As shy girl tends to be more peachy/coraly. I LOVE them both!!! I am currently using Love Nectar Lustreglass over the two. Looks amazing!! Goes well with my tanned skin. I think it looks best on warmer skin tones. Also, my lips are kind of pigmented and sometimes nudes can look just WEIRD on me, but these two are definately my favs xox
Will definately be repurchasing over & over again
on 3/17/2011 11:33:00 PM
Age: 19-24
Skin: Combination, Dark, Not Sure
Hair: Black, Other, Other
Eyes: Brown
This color looks great without me putting much effort. Im finally slowing down with my makeup spending and realizing what looks good with my skintone, and lip color. A lot of people always base lipsticks and glosses on skintone but the color of ur lips really plays a part also. i have very pigmented, uneven lips and this lipstick really helps make everything one color. I like that there is a touch of pink in this lipstick.
Its an amplified and its really creamy (not like vegas volt, which is also an amplified but it doesnt feel as creamy) This along with Velvet Teddy (matte) and Hug me (lustre) are my hg everyday lipsticks
mac satinfinish nc44
studio fix powder c6
on 3/14/2011 4:37:00 PM
Age: 18 & Under
Skin: Dry, Medium, Not Sure
Hair: Black, Other, Other
Eyes: Brown
If there exists a "my lips but better" color, this is it for me. I have weird pigmentation in my lips; they are rather bright if I've been eating or I've just brushed my teeth or something, but they tend to fade out, leaving them for the most part an unflattering pale/ashy color, a mid tone brown around the edges and very pink in the center. I'm always on the hunt for a natural looking lipstick and I've found it in Half N Half. It's a very safe, neutral, understated color that makes me look really put together and fresh faced. I have medium/olive skin and this is a super flattering beige-pink with some brown undertones. I've read some reviews that say it's not pink enough, but on me, I find it to be pretty rosy (both when swatched on the hand and on the lips.) It also requires very little effort to put on since the color is so neutral; I really don't need a mirror at all. This lipstick can be a little drying, but I just put a swipe of lip balm under this lipstick on and my lips feel very comfortable.
on 3/6/2011 9:59:00 AM
Age: 19-24
Skin: Normal, Dark, Warm
Hair: Brown, Wavy, Fine
Eyes: Brown
Ref: MAC NC44-45
Lovely colour, great nude for the warmer skintones. It applies very matte which is good, as it has a lot of staying power. I sometimes apply a gloss over the time, becuase it can look a little dry at time (depending on the weather outside and my lips). I would repurchase this probably, becuase I do love the vanilla scent, the colour and the longjevity of this lipstick (I think it stays on for more than 4 hours - eating and drinking) which is great.
Would advise to use a lipgloss over the top!
on 2/12/2011 12:19:00 PM
Age: 25-29
Skin: Acne-prone, Dark, Warm
Hair: Brunette, Curly, Medium
Eyes: Brown
MAC Fresh Brew is usually my HG nude lip color but I wanted something with more staying power as the lustre formula requires a lot of reapplication. I thought that Blankety would look nice but when I swatched it, it was way too chalky on me. Standing right next to it was Half 'n Half and we haven't been apart since! It's a nude but has a touch of pink to it which makes it very "work friendly". Hodgepodge lip liner goes great with it!
on 1/30/2011 9:05:00 PM
Age: 25-29
Skin: Very Oily, Dark, Warm
Hair: Black, Relaxed, Coarse
Eyes: Brown
Very pretty nudish, pink beige lipstick. I've had this lipstick in my stash for a while- I'm not sure why I wasn't using it.
This looks very pretty with a gray and dark navy smoky eye
I use this lipstick with subculture lipliner, and I sometimes add Viva Glam V lipgloss on top.
I'm a NC50 and NW45, for reference.
This lipcolor is very sophisticated. If I ever run out, I will repurchase.
on 1/9/2011 6:29:00 PM
Age: 25-29
Skin: Dry, Fair-Medium, Not Sure
Hair: Brown, Other, Other
Eyes: Hazel
With my skintone, Half n Half is a perfect sophisticated 'nude' in the truest sense - it is a dusky pink rather than a concealer beige, so it doesn't make lips invisible or wash your complexion out. It is almost my exact lip colour but better!
In terms of texture, I need to reapply Half n Half every few hours & after drinking/eating. However, Half n Half is not at all drying, important to me as I have notoriously dry skin & lips :) Of course it has a lovely vanilla scent like all the MAC lipsticks, love it. A pleasure to wear.
A star off for price I'm afraid; MAC lipsticks are SO expensive in Australia - $35. But yes, they are worth it, and were I in the States, I'd buy nothing else.
I think I will always have a tube of Half n Half - a fabulous sophisticated go-to colour for work & daywear. Get it!
on 12/31/2010 9:53:00 AM
Age: 19-24
Skin: Combination, Medium, Warm
Hair: Brunette, Straight, Fine
Eyes: Brown
I am an NC 40 / 42 depending on which MAC foundation I use that day. I have been using my Half N Half for about five months now & its still going strong :), this was my first mac lipstick & I am IN LOVE <3. Although I do think that it is a pretty expensive lipstick, I do not mind the price tag because the product is worth every penny.
on 12/23/2010 8:48:00 PM
Age: 30-35
Skin: Oily, Olive, Warm
Hair: Brown, Wavy, Medium
Eyes: Brown
My first MAC lipstick was up the amp. I loved the texture so much that I wanted another amplified lipstick. I have been looking for a good nude lipstick and I bought this one. Looks and feels great, and lasts.
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text:
How to Decorate Your Bed
Does your body long for a good bed when you feel tired? It really gives you a surge of happiness to go to bed, especially when the bed looks as exquisite and soft as a mother's hug. Decorating your bed is really easy and fun to do.
This article has been tagged as a stub.
That means it's off to a good start, but still has room to grow into a more helpful resource. Until the article reaches its full potential, it will be hidden from search results. Can you help it flourish? If you think the article offers complete and accurate instructions, feel free to remove this tag.
1Make your bed. Make it neat and tidy.
2If you have one pillow, add some more pillows and see how it looks. Try to vary the size and shape of the pillow.
3Try to mix and match colours. Contrasting is also good.
4To give your bed a little warmth, put a small quilt or blanket on top of the covering. Put your blanket in a different way each day. Fold it into two fold and put it on the bed, for example. You could also make different styles by putting different patterns of blanket on top of another and make it appear like a wave.
Give us 3 minutes of knowledge!
- Try different colored sheets, if that does not work, do not go back to white, try cream.
- It would be good to put some sort of decoration on your bed-head/wall.
- If you do not have a bed-head just a wall, don't lay your pillows down, stand them up.
- Try different styles whatever suites you. Do not go over the top and think your beds pretty when you know its ugly.
- Do not add little things that would fall off your bed when you get in it. that would mean more replacing.
- Try not to leave your bed unmade it makes it look bad. Also do not let your mother make it, she might make it wrong.
Things You'll Need
- A small pillow
- A small quilt/ blanket
Article Info
Categories: Stub | Bedroom Style
Thanks to all authors for creating a page that has been read 13,967 times.


text:
Lemmy Stone Deaf Forever Dog Tag
Official Band Merch
(approx. $8.67 or €7.85)
- Out of Stock - Product Discontinued
- Product Type: Dogtag
- Product Code: 56294
Celebrate the British metal band Motorhead with this brilliant dog tag which features the lead vocalist Ian "Lemmy" Kilmister. Taken from the bands 2003 compilation box set 'Stone Deaf Forever', this commemorative dog tag is a must have for fans of the band. Officially licensed.


text:
A MAZE. Magazine No.0 - Edition: Independence Amazing
We are in an age where independent games transcend there medium and experiment with new media and games as an art form. Where game designers are not just designers, but authors, artists, filmmakers or even activists. They experiment in a boundless playful matter that oversteps the medium of games and effect us as a human being. This newspaper is a reflection of our passion of what we do, like and live for. A portal to the adventurous art of play. You will find essays, a new-school type-in game, a text game playable throughout the pages of this newspaper, an interview with the maker of Indie MEGABOOTH, illustrations, comics, poems and more… MUCH MORE! Thanks to all the partners and contributors who supported us and made this paper a reality. It was great fun putting everything together. Let's do it again! Enjoy reading. Kisses Thorsten S. Wiedemann, Editor in chief. Publisher: A MAZE. GmbH www.a-maze.net


text:
Richard A. Clarke is a disgruntled former employee with close ties to the Kerry campaign who penned a book critical of President Bush after failing to secure a top position within the Homeland Security Department, the White House and Republican officials said yesterday.
Mr. Clarke, the former counterterrorism coordinator who had sought the No. 2 spot at Homeland Security, was passed over for the post in October 2002 and demoted by Secretary Tom Ridge and National Security Adviser Condoleezza Rice to the position of special adviser for cyberspace security.
In February 2003, he left the Bush administration and, a few months later, sold a book proposal to Simon & Schuster, owned by the corporation that also owns CBS, whose "60 Minutes" show first aired Mr. Clarke's accusations about the Iraq war and the administration's record on terror.
"Mr. Clarke has been out there talking about what title he had," Bush spokesman Scott McClellan said yesterday. "He wanted to be the deputy secretary of the Homeland Security Department after it was created. The fact of the matter is, just a few months after that, he left the administration. He did not get that position. Someone else was appointed to it."
Vice President Dick Cheney echoed that view, telling Rush Limbaugh in a telephone call to the national radio show that Mr. Clarke "may have a grudge to bear there since he probably wanted a more prominent position than [Miss Rice]was prepared to give him."
Senior White House officials and the chief Bush spokesman said Mr. Clarke's motivation appears to be both political and self-serving.
"Look at the timing," Mr. McClellan said. "He is bringing this up in the heat of a presidential campaign, he has written a book, and he certainly wants to go out there and promote that book."
Dan Bartlett, assistant to the president and head of the White House Communications Office, noted that the book was planned for release in April but moved up to yesterday after Mr. Clarke "asked our people to finish the clearance process so they could do it."
"Coincidentally, he moved up his release date to coincide with his testimony before the 9/11 commission," Mr. Bartlett said.
The National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States turns its attention today to the accountability of top government officials in two days of public hearings on counterterrorism.
Mr. Clarke is scheduled to testify, along with Defense Secretary Donald H. Rumsfeld, Secretary of State Colin L. Powell and his deputy, Richard Armitage, CIA Director George J. Tenet and top national-security officials from the Clinton administration.
Mr. Clarke's book, "Against All Enemies," accuses the Bush administration of, among other things, ignoring warnings about al Qaeda before September 11, 2001; of trying to blame Saddam Hussein for the terrorist attacks even before the evidence was presented; and of looking to invade Iraq from the day it took office.
In an interview last night on PBS' "The News Hour with Jim Lehrer," Mr. Clarke said the timing of the book's release during the presidential campaign and near the September 11 commission's hearings was not his fault.
"This book would have come out three months earlier if the White House hadn't taken three months to clear it," he said. "It sat in the White House for three months or else it would have been out earlier."


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There are no upcoming Meetups
But there is 1 suggested Meetup!Check it out
Recent Meetups
Sep 12, 2013 · 6:30 PMTake Action on Campaign Finance ReformWe will talk about your efforts to contact your State Reps to inform them of our issue. (You can use the talking points included in your packet. If you need more... Learn more
Jul 11, 2013 · 7:30 PMDevelop plan of action leading toward the next session of the Texas LegislatureThere will be a meeting of all supporters of Clean Elections in the San Antonio area on Thursday, July 11th at La Madeleine Restaurant, 722 NW 410 (near Babcock) 7:30 pm... Learn more
Mar 31, 2012 · 11:30 PMTalk about an action plan!The Executive Director of Clean Elections Texas will be in town from Dallas to talk about state-wide efforts during this election year to bring attention to our drive to... Learn more
Mar 8, 2012 · 6:30 PMDiscuss Lessig's new E-bookA meeting of the Clean Elections Texas, San Antonio Chapter, will be held on Thursday March 8th, at 6 pm in the Radius Center, 106 Auditorium Circle. Discussion will... Learn more
Feb 10, 2012 · 4:00 PMConference Call with Adam SkaggsHear the Lead Counsel for the Brennan Center talk about campaign finance reform. This is for members of Clean Elections Tesas only. If you are a member, RSVP to [masked]... Learn more
- See all past Meetups


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Best Omar Sharif Movies
List Criteria: Vote for your favorite
List of the best Omar Sharif movies, ranked best to worst with movie trailers when available. Omar Sharif's highest grossing movies have received a lot of accolades over the years, earning millions upon millions around the world. The order of these top Omar Sharif movies is decided by how many votes they receive, so only highly rated Omar Sharif movies will be at the top of the list. Omar Sharif has been in a lot of films, so people often debate each other over what the greatest Omar Sharif movie of all time is. If you and a friend are arguing about this then use this list of the most entertaining Omar Sharif films to end the squabble once and for all.
If you think the best Omar Sharif role isn't at the top, then upvote it so it has the chance to become number one. The greatest Omar Sharif performances didn't necessarily come from the best movies, but in most cases they go hand in hand.
List features 588 rue paradis, I Forgot to Tell You and more.
"This list answers the questions, "What are the best Omar Sharif movies?" and "What are the greatest Omar Sharif roles of all time?"
Omar Sharif is no stranger to working with popular directors, including Roland Emmerich, Blake Edwards and Sidney Lumet. If you're a fan of Omar Sharif, then check out our lists of the best Rod Steiger and John Garfield movies as well.
- 51+ 8- 4
La Anam Mariam Fakhr Eddine, Hind Rostom, Omar Sharif
- 52+ 5- 1
Mrs 'Arris Goes to Paris Angela Lansbury, Omar Sharif
- 53+ 4- 0
Crime and Passion Karen Black, Bernhard Wicki, Joseph Bottoms
- 54+ 4- 0
I Forgot to Tell You Émilie Dequenne, Philippe Laudenbach, Nicole Seguin
- 55+ 8- 5
Catherine the Great John Rhys-Davies, Craig McLachlan, Stephen McGann
- 56+ 7- 4
Sira` Fi al-Wadi Omar Sharif, Faten Hamama, Farid Shawqi
- 57+ 6- 3
The Baltimore Bullet James Coburn, Bruce Boxleitner, Omar Sharif
- 58+ 5- 2
Mountains of the Moon Bernard Hill, Richard E. Grant, Delroy Lindo
- 59+ 5- 2
The Crown Prince Birgit Minichmayr, Christian Clavier, Klaus Maria Brandauer
- 60+ 4- 1
Goha Claudia Cardinale, Ito Ben Lahsen, Lauro Gazzolo
- 61+ 3- 0
S+H+E: Security Hazards Expert Anita Ekberg, Omar Sharif
- 62+ 3- 1
Gulliver's Travels Mary Steenburgen, Ted Danson, Shashi Kapoor
- 63+ 3- 1
A Man in Our House Hassan Youssef, Omar Sharif, Rushdy Abaza
- 64+ 3- 1
Grand Larceny Ian McShane, Marilu Henner, Louis Jourdan
- 65+ 5- 4
Memories Of Midnight Omar Sharif
- 66+ 4- 3
Fire at My Heart Sonali Kulkarni, Omar Sharif
- 67+ 4- 3
The Mysterious Island Rik Battaglia, Gabriele Tinti, Gérard Tichy
- 68+ 3- 2
Heaven Before I Die Omar Sharif
- 69+ 3- 2
Beyond Justice Omar Sharif, Carol Alt
- 70+ 2- 1
Marco the Magnificent Massimo Girotti, Orson Welles, Anthony Quinn
- 71+ 3- 3
Green Ice Ryan O'Neal, Anne Archer, Omar Sharif
- 72+ 3- 3
588 rue paradis Claudia Cardinale, Zabou Breitman, Nathalie Roussel
items 51 - 72 of 72


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Banana Walnut Blondies using browned butter - put those over-ripe bananas to good use!#29563
Step Up the S'more: 7 Ideas for Campfire Treats. The image shown is of a Bacon S'more.#29562
Marinated chicken, rolled and steamed until tender. Slice and enjoy on ramen, a sandwich or on rice.#29559
Asian-Style Brown Rice Salad in Orange Sesame-Soy Dressing with Baby Bok Choy Greens, Carrots, Petite Peas and Shredded Chicken#29556
A vegan version of Yotam Ottolenghi's cover art from "Plenty"... Roasted Eggplant with pomegranate beets and 'buttermilk' sauce#29555
A refreshing classic daiquiri recipe with just three ingredients to beat the summer heat#29550
A savory quiche made with chorizo, salsa, olives, cheese and egg, is baked and garnished with a touch of fresh cilantro...#29547
Cherry Macarons with Chocolate Ganache Filling; taste just like a chocolate covered cherry!#29546
Sweet & Salty Ice Cream Layer Cake (a.k.a "Balsamic Beet Sorbet, Mango Lassi Ice Cream, Salted Maple Caramel Crunch, Coconut Pound Cake" Layer Cake)#29543
Tarascon Market - the Maman. The Hedonista's series on Bouche du Rhone continues#29542
This granola captures the essence of carrot cake perfectly -- full of rich toasty coconut flakes, big buttery pecan pieces, and chewy, sweet raisins .
Not your average carrot cake. This one is filled with orange zest and crystallized ginger and topped with white chocolate cream cheese frosting#29538
Miso-Marinated Grilled Summer Squash. Because it's July and we all need new ways to use zucchini.#29535
Think soup's not for summer? Wait till you try this delightful Fresh Corn Soup w/ Roasted Corn/Avocado Salsa#29534
Mango Nectarine Buttermilk Upside-Down Cake from San Francisco Bi-Rite Market's cookbook#29532
Can your own sweet cherries for those holiday pies and treats. This recipe will show you how easy it is.#29530
Chunky apple muffins topped with a cinnamon streusel topping and a secret ingredient.#29528
A mouth-watering chili made from a beef rump roast in your slow cooker. So juicy the meat practically shreds itself.#29526
Truly instant Frozen Yogurt with Raspberries. No ice cream maker, no freezing, no waiting. This delicious froyo is just seconds away and it's healthy too!


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I am wearing Mehron 30 Color Sampler Palette, e.l.f. Essential Eyelid Primer, MAC fluidline eyeliner, and NYX Eyebrow Marker J
Type: Posts; User: Jamie10; Keyword(s):
I am wearing Mehron 30 Color Sampler Palette, e.l.f. Essential Eyelid Primer, MAC fluidline eyeliner, and NYX Eyebrow Marker J
Shisheido Perfect Rouge Lipstick, of course! My all time favorite! I adore Red Lips ♥
If you are looking for narrow shoes, Asian shoes would fit you well. Good luck in finding them though. It's pretty costly to have them shipped.
Women should know what to wear and when to wear them. I do not really care about fads and all, as long as you look good on something and feel good on something, then your fashion sense is good.
Emerald eyeliner would be a great way to go! But for more inspirations, you can check out youtube since they have a lot of makeup tutorials that can help you out.
Kiko for me! In Pussy Red. Love this shade.
Urban Decay's Primer Potion! Keeps my eye shadow in place through hell and back!
Diluting is important in my opinion. It increases the solubility of one ingredient thus making it easier to distribute it in small amounts.
I am also new to all of this and I am liking what I am reading. It actually makes sense looking for the "too much" boundary in mixing scents. I tried mixing 2 to 3 at one point and smelled so strong...
Frankincense has this unique smell which is hard to describe. It's like wood, musk, dark, smoky, and everything in between. It's a bit difficult to determine. I am quite interested on the scent...
It happens with me too. I believe after sometime our nose gets accustomed to our scent, so we can't smell. Its true because my cousins often ask me which perfume I am wearing and in turn I ask them...
M for MARILYN MIGLIN
I hope you're able to find the right ingredients. I am a bit new at this and I would have to suggest Prunol. As far as I know, it would work well.
I have been looking for the right place to purchase incense that would ship international and thank you for sharing the Scents of Earth website. Your post is very useful. I would also like to add...
Both fragrances are a bit too "spicy" or "smokey" and it's hard comparing both of them since they are almost similar to each other. But if I would have to choose 1, I would go for Chergui just...
Rive Gauche sent me to a wave of nausea. Seriously. I own 2 on the list and am pretty ok with it.
I would have to agree with everyone here when they said Monsieur Balmain. Its citrus scent really fits wearing it by day. Fresh, lemony, and minty all in one.
You can never go wrong with Elizabeth Arden. If we're talking about freshness and that certain clean scent, the perfume defines it!
I'm using essie's double dip. That maroonish color is very classy.
Putting the cap on their head. They're not actually wearing it. Everytime I see men wear something like that I want to throw the cap away.
For me, putting too much make up. I mean too much that their face looks like a flour. Also, wearing the gown that shows their side boobs. It's too much, it's not sexy anymore.
I'm using essie's double dip. That maroonish color is very classy.
I'm using mac mineralize eyeshadow bronze. It's really a great eyeshadow. One of my favorites.
Just put it into a container and don't let anyone touch it. Also don't just open and close the container.
Hmm… I think, it doesn't matter how many as long they feel comfortable and they're happy wearing it.
I love boy london, milkboy, levis, mango, anna sui, fred perry, and jeremy scott. I love every design they make. Very creative and looks very nice.
I have 23 pairs of shoes. I think I have every kind of shoes lol My mom always complain why do I have so many shoes. Haha! I just love shoes so much even though I already have more than 20, I will...
I'm using mac wonder woman's lipstick. I like it so much!
I use vaseline and it works for me well. Why don't you try it too?
You are right noirdrakkar! The better-off the man is the more clothing he has. Although a man has limited sets of clothing but it must undergo interchangeability by simply well put together so the...
Making yourself more attractive is apparently a good idea. It must be started by cleaning up your physical appearance. Make a habit to always look yourself at the mirror. Having a glowing skin will...
Yeah, you are right! There is nothing wrong for guys having manicure. But it must not be colored manicure at all or else this dude will definitely be judged as third sex, LOL! It is better off just a...


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"A good but challenging opportunity. "
- Work/Life Balance
- Culture & Values
- Career Opportunities
- Comp & Benefits
- Senior Management
I worked at BMW of SF full-time (More than 3 years)
The prestige of working with BMW, comprehensive medical coverage, and the initial warmth of the company are great. If you are a complete novice, you will learn alot about auto maintenance.
The company would like to say its culture encourages inter-employee cooperation, but the way it conducts business doesn't. In order to preserve its bottom line, everyone is rushed to get the job done. Further, service is made to look incompetent when sales or phone personnel are not on the same page regarding what can and can't be done.
Advice to Management
It would be great to have transparency and communication between all the company's verticals so that promises aren't made to customers that can't be kept. Value the contributions of the little guy-- valets and carwash guys seem to get overlooked. Adopt a company culture where there is wiggle room in the hectic schedule so that "I'm too busy" becomes, "sure, I can help you out with that question."
Other Employee Reviews for BMW of SF
"good chance to make money "
- Work/Life Balance
- Career Opportunities
- Comp & Benefits
- Senior Management
Small family oriented company culture. Good pay and benefits. Management always willing to listen.
Long hours. Some of the customers can really drive you crazy with their demands.
Advice to Management
Understand when you've got good employees and what you need to do to keep them.
I worked at BMW of SF full-time
Management tries to do their best with improving processes, however, things tend to get scattered and unorganized. Benefits are decent; competitive if you compare to other dealerships. HR Department is kind and approachable. I feel the HR Manager holds down the office the best. And definitely there are opportunities for growth if you really show top work ethic and reliability.
LOTS of employee turnover... but then again that is the nature of the auto industry. Salaries aren't great. And internal processes tend to get confusing.
Advice to Management
Try to encourage more performance improvement programs. Some phenomenal employees have left that some customers depended on.


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Frank Sinatra is Rocky Fortune in our first show this week. From it we'll hear, Football Fix, which first aired February 2, 1954. Then, Believe It Or Not tells us of a Living Library. We close with the NBC University Theater, and the episode from October 31, 1948, titled, Justice.
Browsing: Relic Radio Show
CBS Radio Workshop starts things off this week with their episode from June 22, 1956, titled, Another Point Of View, or Hamlet Revisited. Then, Believe It Or Not tells us of a Useless Guard. We close with The Blue Beetle, and Sabotage Incorporated. That episode (actually a two-parter sewn together) first aired in July of 1940.
This week's Relic Radio Show begins with Diary Of Fate. We'll hear the May 4, 1948, episode titled, The David Dexter Entry. Then, Believe It Or Not tells us of the Costliest Tree. We close with a story from The Unexpected titled, Mercy Killing. That one was originally broadcast April 11, 1948.
First this week is a series titled Radio Novel, with their story The Scar. Then, Believe It Or Not shares a Dark Secret. We close out with the September 28, 1948, episode of Movie Matinee.
This week, Author's Playhouse starts off the show with their episode from October 13, 1943 titled, A Promise To Mark. Then, Believe It Or Not tells us of the man who Inherited His Own Fortune. Finally, the Molle Mystery Theater brings us The Gioconda Smile, their episode from June 19, 1945.
Radio City Playhouse starts our hour of drama this week with, The Promise. That story aired November 8, 1948. Then, Believe It Or Not tells us of an Opera Singer. We close this week with The Story Of Dr. Kildare, and Barbara Lane, Dope Addict, which first aired March 8, 1950.
The Avenger starts us off this week with, The Key To The City, which first aired September 21, 1945. Then, Believe It Or Not tells us of Nothing To Govern. We close with Bold Venture, and their episode titled, The Phyllis Calvert Murders. That one first aired September 10, 1951.
The Damon Runyon Theater is first up this week with an episode from October 24, 1948 titled, The Lemon Drop Kid. After that, the NBC University Theater presents a story titled, Peter Ibbetson. That one first aired September 10, 1948.
Our hour begins with Voyage Of The Scarlet Queen this week. We'll hear The Spaniard And The Lascar Pirates from July 17, 1947. Then, Believe It Or Not tells us about the Oldest Language. We close with the CBS Radio Workshop, and its episode from August 3, 1956 titled, Subways Are For Sleeping.
On this week's episode of the Relic Radio Show, we'll hear from the Lux Radio Theater with their adaptation of The Treasure Of The Sierra Madre. This one first aired April 18, 1949.


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New York Yankees v Chicago White Sox
Manager Joe Girardi of the New York Yankees aruges with home plate... News PhotoAmerican League Baseball,Baseball - Sport,Chicago - Illinois,Coach,Full Length,Home Base,Illinois,Inning,Joe Girardi,Manager,New York Yankees,Referee,Sport,U.S. Cellular Field,USA,VerticalPhotographer Jonathan DanielCollection: Getty Images Sport 2013 Getty ImagesCHICAGO, IL - AUGUST 06: Manager Joe Girardi #28 of the New York Yankees aruges with home plate umpire Alan Porter #64 in the 3rd inning at U.S. Cellular Field on August 6, 2013 in Chicago, Illinois. (Photo by Jonathan Daniel/Getty Images)


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The Predicted Structure of the Headpiece of the Huntingtin Protein and Its Implications on Huntingtin Aggregation
ABSTRACT We have performed simulated tempering molecular dynamics simulations to study the thermodynamics of the headpiece of the Huntingtin (Htt) protein (N17(Htt)). With converged sampling, we found this peptide is highly helical, as previously proposed. Interestingly, this peptide is also found to adopt two different and seemingly stable states. The region from residue 4 (L) to residue 9 (K) has a strong helicity from our simulations, which is supported by experimental studies. However, contrary to what was initially proposed, we have found that simulations predict the most populated state as a two-helix bundle rather than a single straight helix, although a significant percentage of structures do still adopt a single linear helix. The fact that Htt aggregation is nucleation dependent infers the importance of a critical transition. It has been shown that N17(Htt) is involved in this rate-limiting step. In this study, we propose two possible mechanisms for this nucleating event stemming from the transition between two-helix bundle state and single-helix state for N17(Htt) and the experimentally observed interactions between the N17(Htt) and polyQ domains. More strikingly, an extensive hydrophobic surface area is found to be exposed to solvent in the dominant monomeric state of N17(Htt). We propose the most fundamental role played by N17(Htt) would be initializing the dimerization and pulling the polyQ chains into adequate spatial proximity for the nucleation event to proceed.
Full-textDOI: · Available from: Stephen Tam, Jan 09, 2015
- SourceAvailable from: Alessandra Magistrato
Huntington's Disease - Core Concepts and Current Advances, 02/2012; , ISBN: 978-953-307-953-0
- "Since N17 was demonstrated to be involved in the rate-limiting step for the formation of the initial aggregation nucleus, two possible mechanisms for the nucleating event were proposed in this study. These are based on a transition between the two-helix and singlehelix state of N17 and on the interactions between the N17 and the polyQ tract (Kelley et al. 2009). Moreover, a recent Monte Carlo simulation study, along with circular dichroism experiments, described the effect of N17 on polyQ conformations and intermolecular interactions. "
[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
- "The Htt Nterminal headpiece modulates subcellular localization and aggregation of Htt exp (Atwal et al., 2007; Rockabrand et al., 2007; Thakur et al., 2009), and definitive information about its secondary structure is useful for understanding these effects. The N-terminal region of Htt is α-helical in all our crystals (Fig 3), consistent with the molecular dynamics simulations and biophysical measurements (Atwal et al., 2007; Kelley et al., 2009). The agreement with these studies indicate that ability to form α-helix is an intrinsic property of Htt aminoterminal region and not a result of crystallization of Htt17Q-EX1 as amino-terminal MBPfusion protein. "
ABSTRACT: Huntington's disease is a genetic neurodegenerative disorder resulting from polyglutamine (polyQ) expansion (>36Q) within the first exon of Huntingtin (Htt) protein. We applied X-ray crystallography to determine the secondary structure of the first exon (EX1) of Htt17Q. The structure of Htt17Q-EX1 consists of an amino-terminal alpha helix, poly17Q region, and polyproline helix formed by the proline-rich region. The poly17Q region adopts multiple conformations in the structure, including alpha helix, random coil, and extended loop. The conformation of the poly17Q region is influenced by the conformation of neighboring protein regions, demonstrating the importance of the native protein context. We propose that the conformational flexibility of the polyQ region observed in our structure is a common characteristic of many amyloidogenic proteins. We further propose that the pathogenic polyQ expansion in the Htt protein increases the length of the random coil, which promotes aggregation and facilitates abnormal interactions with other proteins in cells.Structure 09/2009; 17(9):1205-12. DOI:10.1016/j.str.2009.08.002 · 5.62 Impact Factor
- Revista Espa de Cardiologia 01/2009; 62(1):100-101. DOI:10.1016/S0300-8932(09)70028-4 · 3.79 Impact Factor


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This Could Quite Easily Be The Best Game Ever Made
187 days 4 hours ago - Eskimo Press: "The Indie Stone is a developer that has a troubled passed. They promised gamers something very ambitious. A lot of people doubted th... | Opinion piece | PC
Five Big Announcements That Rockstar Games Could Make
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Life is Strange - Friends Close, Enemies Closer
239 days 11 hours ago - Eskimo Press: "I think I really would hate Victoria more if the Max, the protagonist, wasn't such a pretentious hipster. Hearing her talk about pho... | Article | Xbox 360
The Order: 1866 - The Classiest Game Ever
240 days 3 hours ago - Erina Rose: "I'm a little surprised. Was not too excited for The Order 1866. Not because it didn't excite me but because it kind of disappeared of... | Opinion piece | PS4
Filmwatch Contest Details
Life is Strange is Strange
243 days 7 hours ago - Eskimo Press: "Life is Strange is very similar to those other interactive graphic novel games like Wolf Among Us and the Walking Dead. The game has... | Opinion piece | PC
No Man's Sky Shocker at Gamescom - No Xbox Release?
421 days 5 hours ago - Eskimo Press: "Xbox One owners are still left in the dark with any news on a No Man's Sky release. All evidence suggests that Gamescom will finally... | Rumor | PC
Some Sims 4 Creations May Shock You
448 days 6 hours ago - Eskimo Press: "The Sims 4 will allow players to create almost any sim they can imagine. With the new click n' drag sliders and advanced edit featur... | Article | PC
Darkwood, The Scariest Games I've Ever Seen
529 days 14 hours ago - Eskimo Press: "A super small, and very independent, developer has been working on a rather scary looking survival horror game for the last few year... | Opinion piece | PC
Project Zomboid on its way to the PlayStation 4?
585 days 23 hours ago - Eskimo Press: "Project Zomboid, even in its earliest stages of development, is one of the most interesting Zombie games out there. In Project Zombo... | Rumor | PC
CCP Suspiciously Quiet on Dust 514 for PlayStation 4
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Sony Can Finally Start Shooting The Uncharted Movie
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World Cup Game is the Reason Tournament Mode Not in FIFA 14
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The Guided Fate Paradox Review - Eskimo Press
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Call of Duty: Ghosts Review - Eskimo Press
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Five Beneficial GTA Online Exploits
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Beyond: Two Souls - Eskimo Press Review
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My Nonprofit Reviews
Review for Humane Society Of The Treasure Coast Inc, Palm City, FL, USA
As a professional business woman, my firsthand knowledge of The Humane Society of the Treasure Coast is an organization that is reputable, dedicated and compassionate. Their Mission is to assure a better life for companion animals by providing shelter, finding loving homes and promoting respect for their place in our lives. Compliments to the Board of Directors, Frank Valente and all of the HSTC staff. A special "Thank you" to the thoughtful Volunteers!


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Energy & Industry
Failure to meet the new requirements can trigger serious economic consequences for some communities.
The nation's most successful conservation program is in jeopardy.
How close should academics let industry get to fracking research?
Boosters want Fontenelle Dam to divert more water in southwest Wyoming.
New proposals from EPA and BLM to curtail leaks are due out this summer.
Why Southwest utilities are starting to sweat.
Go behind the scenes with scientists investigating declining populations.
A Colorado co-op just won some freedom from its giant power supplier. Now what?
Massive federal sage grouse conservation plans strike a delicate balance.
Fracking has caused quakes in several states, but more research is needed.
Can a small Alaska town overcome the booms and busts of resource development?
Candidate for Democratic nomination tells Republican presidential hopefuls to heed scientists on global warming.
Forget the hype. In the global rush for energy-critical elements, our region can't compete.
103 scientists call for a moratorium on new development.
A thousand pipeline ruptures or spills reported nationwide in the past five years.
Hear a panel of experts discuss whether communities should have more authority over federal lands in their backyards.
Plus, enough gas has escaped infrastructure since 2010 to heat 170,000 homes for a year.
Los Angeles and Fresno are worst, Prescott and Bellingham best.
Center for Disease Control investigates recent deaths.
Demand increases, but rig counts plummet and workers continue to get laid off.
Planned regulations come as many Western migratory species experience steep declines.
B.C. tribal members turned down $260K each in order to stop a gas terminal.
By lowering tariffs and regulatory hurdles, the deal could make it easier to sell natural gas to Japan.