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Michael Lohan: Lindsay Didn't Steal, She Got the Necklace on Consignment
"When Lindsay wants jewlery, she askes me and I buy it. And if I think it's too pricey, she buys it," he tells me. "She gets so much on consignment and that's exactly what happened here."
Michael isn't buying reports that the jeweler and the police worked together for weeks to craft a sting operation in order to catch the 'Mean Girls' star wearing a $2,500 necklace.
"If she took something, it would have been addressed at the end of that business day."
According to RadarOnline.com, a police report was filed the day of the incident, and that authorities purporsely waited until she was photographed wearing the necklace.
A friend of the actress turned the necklace in to the Pacific Division of the LAPD Tuesday night.
Kamofie & Co. reported the necklace stolen on Jan. 22, roughly three weeks after the actress was released from three months of court-ordered rehab at the Betty Ford Center.
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- Naughty But Nice With Rob Shuter
- Friday 04 FebruaryBy steener122
If it had been me doing this I'd have been arrested within the day. Honestly the cops seem to be giving her a easy road too. Letting her walk aroud for weeks before she got photographed wearing it? How about if she had never worn it, or stolen something that wouldn't be seen outside of her home? She'd just have gotten away with it totally?
- Saturday 05 FebruaryBy Ashley
As many have said, if she had it on loan, the store would not report it stolen.
Sounds pretty simple to me.
- Sunday 06 FebruaryBy art
a big part of her problem is her idiot dad.
- Sunday 06 FebruaryBy TodayLA09
Jewler's do consignment for stars, but it's always backed up by a credit card on file and paperwork is signed. She should have been given some kind of paperwork to back up her story. Jewlry is never given out by just words.
- Wednesday 09 FebruaryBy david
I do not know who her Mngr. is but they need to take charge and help her. As a Road Mngr. for many VIP's I would be canned in a second for I let one of my clients fall like they have let her be a victom of the press and vices of the law.
Lets face it, she is a high profile client and should be treated as such and should have someone with her at all times to protect her from herself and keep her out of the public's eye.
Shame on Manager. GET IT TOGETHER,quit taking the money and doing nothing!!!!
- Wednesday 09 FebruaryBy george
Hey Mike
How much did you charge for this interview? Why don't you and her mother get out from under her so called fame and be real parents and take this girl away and help her like real parents do
- Saturday 12 FebruaryBy ChumpMeat
Her problem centers in her mind.
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For that reason and others, Consumer Reports painstakingly performs vehicle treadwear testing and rates … More » Why Tread-Life Warranties are Next to Useless
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Fire Destroys Lake Lillian Liquor Store
The liquor store in the City of Lake Lillian was destroyed by a fire Monday night. Authorities say that a passerby noticed smoke coming from the roof of the building and called 911 at shortly …25 Sep 13
Local News, Multimedia, Sports - The Local Connection
Wheeler Dealer
The liquor store in the City of Lake Lillian was destroyed by a fire Monday night. Authorities say that a passerby noticed smoke coming from the roof of the building and called 911 at shortly …25 Sep 13
The Brown County Board approved the purchase and installation of a wireless security system for the county probation building on Tuesday. Brown County Assistant Probation Director Evonn Westcott says that they have seen an increase …25 Sep 13
It's Homecoming time at a dozen high schools around the area, which means there's new Homecoming Royalty. The Homecoming Queen for BOLD High School is Baylie Kubesh, and the Homecoming King is Logan Sandgren. The …25 Sep 13
The Renville County Sheriff's Office responded to the scene of a fatal farm accident in Flora Township about 8 miles south of Renville late Sunday afternoon. Emergency responders arrived on the scene at shortly before …24 Sep 13
A former New Ulm man is facing attempted murder and assault charges in Colorado. 29-year-old Mitchell Lee Palmer, currently of Colorado Springs, Colorado, has pleaded not guilty to 6 criminal charges, and is scheduled to …24 Sep 13
The bridge repair work on the Highway 14/15 Bridge over Minnesota River in New Ulm is complete, and the bridge did open to traffic today (TUE). This comes around a week ahead of schedule. The …24 Sep 13
Residents of the Sibley East School District should see a significant decrease in their taxes next year. The Sibley East School Board recently approved a preliminary tax levy for 2014 that is a 14% decrease …24 Sep 13
The annual "Oscar Sorbel Hometown Hero Award" was given out in the City of Madelia recently during the community's Younger Brothers Capture weekend. The recipient of the volunteer award this year is Madelia native Traci …24 Sep 13
KNUJ 860 AM/SAM 107.3 FM and your New Ulm Hy-Vee announce this month's Hometown Hero: Mark Dauer of New Ulm. He spends most of his free time helping friends and family with construction projects and …


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|Reviews for Opposite Ends of The Spectrum
| goanywhere chapter 22 . 1/22/2012
Toying with emotions, I tell you. Evil. But I still adore this story.
| goanywhere chapter 21 . 1/22/2012
You are toying with my emotions -_-
| goanywhere chapter 20 . 1/22/2012
Awwwh :(
| goanywhere chapter 19 . 1/22/2012
| goanywhere chapter 18 . 1/22/2012
What is in his room? The suspense is killing me.
| goanywhere chapter 15 . 1/22/2012
I really want to know what goes through Matthew's pretty little head.
| goanywhere chapter 14 . 1/22/2012
Have I mentioned how much I like your story. Usually by now, both parties have admitted their feelings, but then again, we don't know what's going on with Matthew.
| goanywhere chapter 10 . 1/22/2012
I love this. I would love to see this in Matthew's point of view. That'd be interesting.
| goanywhere chapter 4 . 1/22/2012
I'm so excited to see how this story ends. The plot is so...twisted. It's different. I like it :)
| D-Mish chapter 30 . 1/19/2012
I dont know if I've read this before but just read it again, so cute. Not sure if I really cared about a baby being born (how insensitive of me) but all the characters are so cute - I was even warming to Chris. Great writing!
| Kaydence Sparks Le chapter 30 . 1/19/2012
Such an amazing story :) You're deffo one of the best authors on here :) Thanks for sharing your stories :)
| CynthiRaah chapter 30 . 1/19/2012
Love this story! Definitely worth reading :)
| halamadrid chapter 30 . 1/17/2012
A beautiful story! Thanks for posting!
| anatidaephobiac chapter 30 . 1/13/2012
I really enjoyed this story - spent all day reading it!
My main tip for improvement would be to focus a little more on the continuity of details.. one instance that comes to mind is when they have their flour war, and Aaron mentions the flour that gets all over their hair and clothes, but then it is not really addressed again. Since it was not brought up again, I got the impression that they were walking around the hospital after their 6-hour drive still covered in flour.. and while that may have been the case, I would think they might have gotten some comments or at least some odd looks about it. At times, the story also seemed a bit far-fetched, but that somewhat fit in with the emotional extremes of the characters, as they both had strong personalities and opinions.
Overall, I thought you did a really great job. I won't waste my time reading an entire story if I don't think it's worth it, but I really liked your writing style and I found that the story was very well written. I also enjoyed that the character relationship progressed slowly - it made the story much more believable. Awesome job! :)
| Rebecka F chapter 30 . 1/8/2012
I absolutely loved this story. It was so well-written and had a lot of details in it. You are a very good author.
Thanks for keeping the story up, despite the plagarism, I'd be mad if I couldn't finish reading the story.
Take care, and continue to write and share your fantasy to the world!


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text: Sign inNot A Member? Join now! Find A Grave - Louisiana ad feedback Browse by State: Louisiana Records 1 to 20Records 21 to 40 (of 421 total matches)Records 41 to 60 Jump to results page: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 Filter by fame level: All Famous NamesSomewhat FamousVery FamousAttention:You are browsing our famous burial locations. If you arelooking for a non-famous grave, please start from our home page. Bayne, Thomas L. d. August 31, 1934He was the first coach of Tulane University's football team, in 1893, and allegedly played for his team's opponent in its first-ever game. Also, with his brother Hugh, helped arrange the first of many football contests between Tulane and LSU. (Bio by: Joel Manuel)Metairie Cemetery, New Orleans, Orleans Parish, Louisiana, USAPlot: Section 124, Lot 7 Beatty, Ed b. April 6, 1932 d. June 7, 2008Professional Football Player. Born in Clarksdale, Mississippi and later residing in Tiptonville, Tennessee during his high school years, he played at the center and linebacker positions for seven seasons (1955 to 1961) in the National Football League with the San Francisco 49ers, Pittsburgh Steelers and Washington Redskins. On October 7, 1956 in a game against the Rams, Beatty tied an NFL record with 3 opponent fumble recoveries in one game. He played collegiate football at the University of...[Read More] (Bio by: C.S.)Pinecrest Memorial Gardens, Covington, St. Tammany Parish, Louisiana, USA Beauregard, Pierre Gustave Toutant 'P. G.T.' b. May 28, 1818 d. February 20, 1893Civil War Confederate General. Called the "Little Creole" and the "Little Napoleon", he was the fifth most senior Confederate officer, holding a variety of commands, though his opportunities were to be limited by ongoing public conflicts with President Jefferson Davis. Born Pierre Gustave Toutant-Beauregard to a well-off French Creole family, he was educated in private schools and did not learn English until sent to New York City for further instruction at age 12. Appointed to West Point, he...[Read More] (Bio by: Bob Hufford)Metairie Cemetery, New Orleans, Orleans Parish, Louisiana, USAPlot: Army Of Tennessee Memorial Beauvais, Arnaud Jules b. September 6, 1783 d. November 18, 1843Louisiana Governor. He became a plantation owner and merchant in Point Coupee Parish, and in 1810 he was appointed a Justice of the Peace. A Democratic-Republican, from 1814 to 1816 and 1818 to 1822 he served in the Louisiana House of Representatives. In 1822 he moved to the Louisiana Senate, where he served until 1830. In 1827 he became Senate President, and when Governor Pierre Derbigny died in October 1829, Beauvais...[Read More] (Bio by: Bill McKern)Saint Louis Cemetery Number 2, New Orleans, Orleans Parish, Louisiana, USAPlot: Alley 2-L, tomb 10 Beene, Geoffrey b. August 30, 1924 d. September 28, 2004Fashion Designer. Born in Haynesville, Louisiana, he was a graduate of Haynesville High School. He entered Tulane University in 1941 in Pre-Med, as was common in his family. In 1945 he decided Medicine was not for him and he moved to New York. He began to study at the Traphagen School of Fashion in New York and the L'Academie Julian in Paris, France. In 1962 he formed his own company and unveiled his first collection. Geoffrey Beene designed the Wedding dress for Lynda Bird Johnson daughter of...[Read More] (Bio by: Margaret)Old Town Cemetery , Haynesville, Claiborne Parish, Louisiana, USA Behrman, Martin b. October 14, 1864 d. January 12, 1926New Orleans Mayor. Served as the Mayor of New Orleans, Louisiana, from 1904 to 1920, and 1925 until his death in 1926. Also served as a Delegate to the Democratic National Convention from Louisiana in 1912, and Louisiana State Democratic Chair in 1925. (Bio by: K)Metairie Cemetery, New Orleans, Orleans Parish, Louisiana, USA Bennett, Capt. Steven Logan b. April 22, 1946 d. June 29, 1972Viet Nam Congressional Medal of Honor Recipient. Served during the War in VIet Nam in the United States Air Forces as a Captain in the 20th Tactical Air Support Squadron, Pacific Air Forces. He was awarcded the CMOH for his bravery at Quang Tri, Republic of Vietnam, on June 29, 1972. His citation reads "Capt. Bennett was the pilot of a light aircraft flying an artillery adjustment mission along a heavily defended segment of route structure. A large concentration of enemy troops was massing for...[Read More] (Bio by: Russ Dodge)Lafayette Memorial Park, Lafayette, Lafayette Parish, Louisiana, USA Benton, William Plummer b. December 25, 1828 d. March 14, 1867Civil War Union Brevet Major General. A promanet lawyer in practice at the start of the Civil War, he raised the first company of the 8th Indiana Volunteer Infantry Regiment and was promoted Colonel. He commanded in the Western Virginia campaign of 1861 and was promoted Brigadier General in April of 1862. He then served in various district commands with the XIII Corps in Texas and Louisiana throughout 1864 and commanded a division in the Battle of Spanish Fort, Alabama. For serving with...[Read More] (Bio by: John "J-Cat" Griffith)Greenwood Cemetery, New Orleans, Orleans Parish, Louisiana, USA Bissant, John L. b. February 19, 1914 d. April 1, 2006Negro League Baseball Player. A native of New Orleans, Louisiana, he played for the Coles American Giants in 1934, Shreveport Acme Giants from 1935 to 1936, Cincinnati Tigers n 1937, New Orleans Black Pelicans in 1938, Chicago American Giants from 1939 to 1948, Birmingham Black Barons in 1940, and the Chicago Brown Bombers in 1942. In 1947 he batted .354 while serving as team captain for the Chicago American Giants. From 1938 to 1948 he was a Negro League Baseball Player. After his baseball...[Read More] (Bio by: K)Carrollton Cemetery, New Orleans, Orleans Parish, Louisiana, USA Blanchard, Albert Gallatin b. September 6, 1810 d. June 21, 1891He received his early education in Charlestown, Massachusetts and then entered the United States Military Academy and graduated in 1829, still only 19 years old. He had been a classmate of Robert E Lee. Commissioned as a brevet-second lieutenant, he served on frontier duty, in recruiting services, and in improving Sabine River and Lake. The Sabine River flows through Louisiana and Texas, serving as the border between the two. He resigned as a first lieutenant in 1840 and went into the...[Read More] (Bio by: Tom Todd)Saint Louis Cemetery Number 2, New Orleans, Orleans Parish, Louisiana, USA Blanchard, Newton Crain b. January 29, 1849 d. June 22, 1922Governor of Louisiana, 1904-08. Also, U.S. Representative (1881-94) and Senator (1894-97). (Bio by: Joel Manuel)Greenwood Cemetery, Shreveport, Caddo Parish, Louisiana, USA Boarman, Alexander 'Aleck' b. December 10, 1839 d. August 30, 1916US Politician. Served in the Confederate Army during the Civil War (1861-1865), Mayor of Shreveport, Louisiana (1868-1872), United States Representative from Louisiana 4th District (1872-1873), State Court Judge (1877-1881) and Judge of the United States District Court for the Western District of Louisiana in 1881.Oakland Cemetery, Shreveport, Caddo Parish, Louisiana, USA Boatner, Charles Jahleal b. January 23, 1849 d. March 21, 1903US Congressman. He was admitted to the bar in 1870, practiced law in Monroe, Louisiana and was a member of the State Senate, 1876 to 1878. In 1889, he was elected as a Democrat to the Fifty-first Congress and to the next three succeeding Congresses, serving until 1897. He declined to be a candidate for reelection, moved to New Orleans and resumed legal practice until his death. (Bio by: John "J-Cat" Griffith)Old City Cemetery, Monroe (Ouachita Parish), Ouachita Parish, Louisiana, USA Boggs, Corinne 'Lindy' b. March 13, 1916 d. July 27, 2013US Congresswoman, US Ambassador. A member of the Democratic Party, she served Louisiana's 2nd Congressional District in the United States House of Representatives from 1973 until 1991. Born into a family with a history of public service, she was a descendant of former US Congressman Thomas Claiborne. Born Marie Corinne Morrison Claiborne, she attained her Bachelor of Arts degree from Sophie Newcomb College of Tulane University in New Orleans. She married Thomas Hale Boggs (who went onto become...[Read More] (Bio by: C.S.)Saint Marys Cemetery, New Roads, Pointe Coupee Parish, Louisiana, USA Bolden, Charles 'Buddy' b. September 6, 1877 d. November 4, 1931Cornet player and bandleader. A pioneering and creative force in the development of the pre- and early jazz in the turn of the century in New Orleans, Louisiana. Credited as the founder of "jass," later to be called jazz, he was the first player to pursue an improvisational style. Bolden was famous for his big bold cornet sound, as well as for his bold personality. His style had a solid blues form; however he played closer to ragtime than to jazz. Much is unknown about his life, however, and it...[Read More] (Bio by: Curtis Jackson)Holt Cemetery, New Orleans, Orleans Parish, Louisiana, USAPlot: Section C Bonura, Henry John 'Zeke' b. September 20, 1908 d. March 9, 1987He was a baseball player for the Chicago White Sox, Washington Nationals, New York Giants, and Chicago Cubs. (Bio by: Ron Moody)Metairie Cemetery, New Orleans, Orleans Parish, Louisiana, USAPlot: Section 164 Booker III., James Carroll b. December 17, 1939 d. November 8, 1983James Carroll Booker III, self proclaimed "Bronze Liberace" and the "Black Prince of Europe," was one of the greatest pianists ever to emerge from the New Orleans musical scene. As a young boy, Booker began appearing on WMRY Radio in New Orleans (his sister also performed on the station as a singer.) He came to the attention of musician Dave Bartholomew and became the youngest artist signed to Imperial Records. He had a hit as "Little Booker" with the song "Doin' the Hambone." He also had a hit...[Read More] (Bio by: Adam Maroney)Providence Memorial Park, Metairie, Jefferson Parish, Louisiana, USA Bookman, Johnny b. September 6, 1934 d. October 23, 1995Professional football player. After graduating from Baton Rouge High School in 1953, John Dolan Bookman went to the University of Miami as a running back-defensive back. He led the nation in interceptions in 1956. He was taken in the eighth round of the NFL draft by the New York Giants in 1957 and played in eleven games as a defensive back and kick returner in his rookie year. He was an All-Pro defensive back in 1960 with the Dallas Texans, now the Kansas City Chiefs, of the American Football...[Read More] (Bio by: Mel Bashore)Roselawn Memorial Park and Mausoleum, Baton Rouge, East Baton Rouge Parish, Louisiana, USA Bore, Jean Etienne de b. December 27, 1741 d. February 1, 1820Plantation owner who, after a failed indigo crop, pioneered the growing of sugar cane and the processing of granulated sugar in the South in the 1790s. He was also appointed the first Mayor of New Orleans in 1803. (Bio by: Joel Manuel)Saint Louis Cemetery Number 1, New Orleans, Orleans Parish, Louisiana, USA Bossier, Pierre Evariste b. March 22, 1797 d. April 24, 1844US Congressman. Elected to represent Louisiana's 4th District in the Twenty-Eighth Congress, he served from 1843 until his death in office. Pierre Evariste Jean-Baptiste Bossier was born in Natchitoches, Louisiana, the descendant of French Creoles who were among the first settlers of the Louisiana Territory in the early 1700s. He grew cotton and sugar on his plantation, Live Oaks, along the Cane River, and was also appointed a General in the State Militia. From 1833 to 1843 he served in the...[Read More] (Bio by: Robert Edwards)Catholic Cemetery, Natchitoches, Natchitoches Parish, Louisiana, USA Records 1 to 20Records 21 to 40 (of 421 total matches)Records 41 to 60 ad feedback Privacy Statement and Terms of Service


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Graffiti by Gene Mora
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This guide is designed to give students a brief overview of some of the basic resources available from the library to act as a basic guide for undergraduate research.
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• Former Senate Banking Committee Chairman Christopher Dodd, D-Conn.
• Senate Budget Committee Chairman Kent Conrad, D-N.D.
• Mary Jane Collipriest, who was communications director for former Sen. Robert Bennett, R-Utah, then a member of the Banking Committee. The report said Dodd referred Collipriest to Countrywide's VIP unit. Dodd, when commenting on his own loans, has said he was unaware of the discount program.
• Rep. Howard "Buck" McKeon, R-Calif., chairman of the House Armed Services Committee.
• Rep. Edolphus Towns, D-N.Y., former chairman of the Oversight Committee. Towns issued the first subpoena to Bank of America for Countrywide documents, and current Chairman Darrell Issa, R-Calif., subpoenaed more documents. The committee said that in responding to the Towns subpoena, Bank of America left out documents related to Towns' loan.
• Rep. Elton Gallegly, R-Calif.
• Top staff members of the House Financial Services Committee.
• A staff member of Rep. Ruben Hinojosa, D-Texas, a member of the Financial Services Committee.
• Former Rep. Tom Campbell, R-Calif.
• Former Housing and Urban Development Secretaries Alphonso Jackson and Henry Cisneros; and former Health and Human Services Secretary Donna Shalala. The VIP unit processed Cisneros' loan after he joined Fannie's board of directors.
• Rep. Pete Sessions, R-Texas, was an exception. He told the VIP unit not to give him a discount, and he did not receive one.
• Former Fannie Mae heads James Johnson, Daniel Mudd and Franklin Raines. Countrywide took a loss on Mudd's loan. Fannie employees were the most frequent recipients of VIP loans. Johnson received a discount after Mozilo waived problems with his credit rating.
The report said Mozilo "ordered the loan approved, and gave Johnson a break. He instructed the VIP unit: 'Charge him ½ under prime. Don't worry about (the credit score). He is constantly on the road and therefore pays his bills on an irregular basis but he ultimately pays them.'"
Johnson in 2008 resigned as a leader of then-candidate Barack Obama's vice presidential search committee after The Wall Street Journal reported he had received $7 million in Countrywide discounted loans.
The report said those who received the discounts knew the loans were handled by a special VIP unit.


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schema:description "Book Three: Principles of composition -- 1. Introduction to practical music -- 2. On the fundamental bass -- 3. On the perfect chord, with which composition in four parts begins -- 4. On the succession of chords -- 5. On several rules which must be observed -- 6. On the seventh chord -- 7. Remarks on dissonance -- 8. On key and mode -- 9. On how to modulate harmonically when the bass is given a diatonic progression -- 10. On the bass continuo -- 11. On the progression of the bass, which simultaneously determines the progression of the chords ; how we may relate a derived chord to its fundamental -- 12. Continuation of the rules drawn from the preceding example -- 13. On the perfect cadence -- 14. On the leading tone, and on how all dissonances are resolved -- 15. On the eleventh, called the fourth -- 16. On the irregular cadence -- 17. On the different progressions of a bass which are related to one another in such a way that the harmony in the upper parts does not change at all -- 18. On how to prepare dissonances -- 19. On occasions when dissonances cannot be prepared -- 20. A precise enumeration of the different progressions of the bass, according to the different dissonances used there -- 21. On the chord of the second -- 22. On keys and modes in general -- 23. On how to pass from one key to another; i.e., on how to modulate -- 24. Continuation of the rules contained in the preceding chapter -- 25. How to know which chords must be given to the bass notes in any progression -- 26. How to use the seventh on every note of a key in a diatonic progression -- 27. How the same dissonance may occur in several consecutive chords on different notes; how it may be resolved by notes which appear to be foreign -- 28. On all licenses, beginning with the deceptive cadence -- 29. On the chord of the augmented fifth -- 30. On the ninth chord -- 31. On the eleventh chord, called the fourth -- 32. On the chord of the augmented seventh -- 33. On the chord of the augmented second and on its derivatives -- 34. On chromaticism -- 35. On how to make use of everything we have discussed hitherto -- 36. On composition in two parts -- 37. On false relations -- 38. On how to write a melody above a bass -- 39. On ornamental melody or supposition -- 40. On how to compose a fundamental bass below a treble -- 41. How to compose a basso Continuo below a treble -- 42. Useful remarks concerning the preceding chapter -- 43. Rules to be observed in a composition in two, three, and four parts -- 44. On design, imitation, and future"@en , "Book One: On the relationship between harmonic ratios and proportions -- 1. On music and sound -- 2. On the different ways in which the relationship between sounds can be known to us -- 3. On the origin of consonances and on their relationships -- 4. Remarks on the properties of the harmonic and arithmetic proportions -- 5. On the origin of dissonances and on their relationships -- 6. On doubled intervals, and especially on the ninth and the eleventh -- 7. On harmonic division, or on the origin of chords -- 8. On the inversion of chords -- 9. Remarks on all the preceding chords -- 10. Remarks on the different ratios which can be given to a single chord -- 11. How to relate the ratios given by the divisions to the vibrations and to the multiplication of lengths"@en , "Book Four: Principles of accompaniment -- 1. How to recognize the intervals from the arrangement of the keyboard -- 2. On the difference between major and minor intervals ; and between those which are perfect and those which are augmented or diminished -- 3. On the position of the hand and on the arrangement of the fingers -- 4. On how to find chords on the keyboard -- 5. Useful remarks concerning all the chords -- 6. On keys and modes -- 7. On the order which must be followed for the succession of chords found within the octave of each key -- 8. General rules -- 9. On the different chords which should follow the seventh chords when the bass note remains on the same degree -- 10. On the chord of the second -- 11. On chords of the sixth -- 12. On the chord of the augmented second and on its derivatives -- 13. On chords by suppositions -- 14. Observations on the relations between all the preceding chords -- 15. On how to prepare and resolve all dissonances from which we shall come to know the key in use and the chords which each note of this key should bear -- 16. On chromaticism -- 17. Recapitulation of the various successions of chords -- 18. Rules which are necessary in order to accompany properly -- 19. On how to figure a Basso Continuo, and on how to know which chords each figure denotes -- 20. How to tell which Bass notes should bear a chord."@en , "Book Two: On the nature and properties of chords and on everything which may be used to make music perfect -- 1. On the fundamental sound of harmony and on its progression -- 2. On the chords appropriate to fundamental sounds and on their progression -- 3. On the nature and properties of the octave -- On the nature and properties of the fifth and the fourth -- 5. On the perfect cadence, in which the nature and properties of all the intervals are found -- 6. On the deceptive cadence -- 7. On the irregular cadence -- 8. On the imitation of cadences by inversion -- 9. On how to avoid cadences by imitating them -- 10. On chords by supposition with which we may also avoid cadences by imitating them -- 11. On the fourth and the eleventh -- 12. On chords by borrowing with which we may avoid perfect cadences by imitating them -- 13. Rule for the progression of dissonances, derived from the progression of fundamental chords -- 14. Remarks on the progression of thirds and sixths -- 15. On occasions when the seventh should be suppressed from the ninth chord -- 16. On dissonant consonances, in which the fourth is discussed together with the false idea of it that exists because of superfluous rules -- 17. On license -- 18. Observations on establishing rules, in which the method of composing a fundamental bass is taught -- 19. Continuation of the preceding chapter, in which it appears that melody arises from harmony -- 20. On the properties of chords -- 21. On the modes -- 22. On the origin of our liberty to pass from one mode or from one key to another -- 23. On the properties of modes and keys -- 24. On meter -- 25. On the usefulness of this new way of indicating different meters -- 26. On the number of measures each air should contain, and on their characteristic movements -- 27. How to proceed when setting words to music -- 28. On design, imitation, fugue, and on their properties -- 29. On those intervals which should be classified as major and minor ; as just or perfect ; as augmented and diminished"@en ;
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text:
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iTunes users no longer have a free, built-in way to stream their songs from a Mac to iPhones and iPads.
Why you might not want to upgrade to iTunes 12.2
If you're meticulous about your music library, you should seriously consider not upgrading to iTunes 12.2 until the quirks are fixed.
How iTunes Match and Apple Music work together
Don't understand how iTunes Match, Apple Music, and iCloud Music Library work together? Here are the differences of these music services from Apple.
Prince shakes up streaming by pulling music from Spotify, Rdio, and Deezer
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Apple's new Music app brings streaming playlists to your watch.
YouTube's Android, iOS apps now stream buttery-smooth 60 frames per second videos
Now you can watch 60fps YouTube videos on your mobile device, as well as your PC.
First look at Apple Music: Siri and Beats 1 turn streaming on its ear
Siri integration, a 24-hour live radio station, music videos, and tailored recommendations prove Apple isn't messing around when it comes to Music.
AC/DC finally embraces streaming music with Spotify, Apple Music, and Rdio
Finally, you can make a comprehensive playlist of late 70's and 80's rock thanks to AC/DC landing on streaming services like Rdio and Spotify.
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America's pop princess decided to withhold her latest album from Apple Music over royalty payments.
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Musicians who are waiting for the streaming service's free three-month trial to end before signing on won't be punished, Apple says.
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text:
All quotes tagged Arts
(3847 quotes found)
"I am enough of an artist to draw freely upon my imagination. Imagination is more important than knowledge. Knowledge is limited. Imagination encircles the world."
"After a certain high level of technical skill is achieved, science and art tend to coalesce in esthetics, plasticity, and form. The greatest scientists are always artists as well."
"There is one thing one has to have: either a soul that is cheerful by nature, or a soul made cheerful by work, love, art, and knowledge."
"[T]o talk well and eloquently is a very great art, but that an equally great one is to know the right moment to stop."
"Art is a kind of innate drive that seizes a human being and makes him its instrument. To perform this difficult office it is sometimes necessary for him to sacrifice happiness and everything that makes life worth living for the ordinary human being."
"I knew that I had come face to face with some one whose mere personality was so fascinating that, if I allowed it to do so, it would absorb my whole nature, my whole soul, my very art itself."


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per boombox Price Graph Description
The price curve showed in the graph is calculated among the top high quality per boombox suppliers, and the per boombox price is given based on the last seven weeks price trend on Aliexpress.com
Found 3 Products(s)
Min. Order: 1 piece
Min. Order: 1 piece
Min. Order: 2 pieces


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Brazil's Straw Hat project helps women leave abusive situations
Saudi, Iran and the 'war' over the Hajj stampede
27 May 2011 15:46 GMT | Politics, Africa, US & Canada, France, Libya
Russia has agreed to mediate the exit of Muammar Gaddafi, Libya's leader, after leaders at the Group of Eight (G8) meeting in France called on Russia to take the role.
Sergei Ryabkov, the Russian deputy foreign minister, told reporters on Friday that "Gaddafi has forfeited legitimacy" and that Russia is ready "to help him go".
Soon after, Mikhail Margelov, Moscow's special representative on Africa told reporters that his country is ready to negotiate Gaddafi's departure.
Margelov explained that Russia is in contact with Gaddafi's entourage, and that they are willing to negotiate Libyan leader's fate.
"We shouldn't talk to Gaddafi himself but with members of his cabinet, possibly with his sons. And we are making such contacts, so there is a hope for a political resolution," Margelov told reporters at the G8 summit in northern France.
When asked to specify who Russia's main partner would be in such talks, he said, "Can you imagine, if I give you this person's name and his head were to be cut off the next day? But yes, we do have people in Gaddafi's camp."
Libya reaction
The Libyan regime rejected the G8 calls for Gaddafi to stand down and said any initiative to resolve the crisis would have to go through the African Union.
"The G8 is an economic summit. We are not concerned by its decisions," said Libya's deputy foreign minister, Khaled Kaaim.
Tripoli also rejects Russian mediation and will "not accept any mediation which marginalises the peace plan of the African Union," he said. "We are an African country. Any initiative outside the AU framework will be rejected."
Kaaim said it had no confirmation of a change in Russia's position.
"We have not been officially informed. We are in the process of contacting the Russian government to verify reports in the press," the official told a press conference.
But Kaaim declared that "no one can dictate to Libyans their political future. All political decisions in the country only concern Libyans."
Russia has been critical of the NATO-led bombing campaign, but after months of violent and bloody clashes, agreed that Gaddafi should step aside.
Nicolas Sarkozy, the French president, thanked Dmitry Medvedev, his Russian counterpart, for helping efforts to resolve the conflict in Libya.The French leader also confirmed that he planned to visit Benghazi, the rebel stronghold of eastern Libya, and suggested the trip would be made with David Cameron, the British prime minister."We spoke about this with David Cameron. It should be a Franco-British initiative," he said at the Deauville summit, but added no date had been set.Cameron, who did not confirm the journey, said NATO's campaign in the northern African nation was entering a new phase and that "momentum against Gaddafi is really building"."So it is right that we are ratcheting up the military, economic and the political pressure," he said.Earlier in the day, Barack Obama, the US president, said the UN mandate in Libya could not be met while Gaddafi stayed in the country."We agreed that we have made progress on our Libya campaign, but that meeting the UN mandate of civilian protection cannot be accomplished when Gaddafi remains in Libya, directing his forces ... and we are joined in [our] resolve to finish the job," he said.
Fresh fighting in Misurata
Meanwhile, fierce fighting between rebels and forces loyal to Gaddafi broke out on the Western outskirts of the city of Misurata, according to reports.
A medical worker on the rebel side said that six fighters had been wounded in the fighting, two of them critically.
"We are being attacked from all sides with rockets, RPGs (rocket-propelled grenades) and mortars," Faraj al-Mistiri, a rebel fighter, told the Reuters news agency.
"It started between 05:30 and 06:00 local time (03:30-04:00GMT). They have advanced. It's normal to and fro. They are trying their hardest to get back into Misurata," he said.
Misurata, Libya's third-largest city, is the biggest rebel stronghold in the west of the country and has been the scene of some of the fiercest fighting in Libya's three-month-old conflict.
The government forces have also launched rocket attacks overnight in the rebel-held town of Zintan.
In a fresh jolt to the Gaddafi administration, the Libyan central bank governor told Arabiya TV that he is abandoning the government to join the rebel movement.
NATO also continued with its fourth night of airstrikes on Tripoli, the capital, leaving smoke rising from Gaddafi's compound where five loud blasts were heard in the vicinity.
Gaddafi 'paranoid'
Citing British intelligence reports, a European diplomatic source said on Friday that Gaddafi has become increasingly "paranoid" about NATO air strikes, and for safety has been hiding in hospitals.
"One quite striking thing is the fact that Gaddafi appears to be moving from hospital to hospital, spending each night in a different one, and his motive appears quite clear," the source said.
"He is moving from one place that we won't bomb to another place that we won't bomb."
Britain deployed Apache helicopters to Libya on Friday, marking a shift in tactical approach toward ending Gaddafi's rule.
According to Nick Harvey, British junior defence minister, the helicopters would offer "a weapon with a greater degree of precision, which is better able to hit targets, including moving ones, and with a lower risk of collateral damage."
But Jim Murphy, the shadow defence spokesman, warned that the Apaches would "put British service personnel in greater danger", as they fly lower and are more vulnerable to surface-to-air missiles and potentially smaller weapons than they had been with higher-flying vehicles.
The commander of NATO's operation for the North African country said on Friday that French and British helicopters will be put into action in Libya under the military alliance's command as soon as they are ready.
"These helicopters will be operated under the Unified Protector mandate... they will be brought into action as soon as they are ready," Lieutenant General Charles Bouchard told a briefing.
Source: Agencies
Battle rages between rebel volunteers and Gaddafi forces over a western crossing to Tunisia.
Politics, Africa, Libya, Tunisia
If Libyans let the West completely control the war, the country risks receiving a 'bill' at the end that it cannot pay.
Politics, US & Canada, Afghanistan, Algeria, Bosnia
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Plunder of Somali waters by foreign fishing vessels could mean the return of hijackings, locals warn.
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Old Glory Honor Flight is dedicated to transporting our local WWII and Korean War veterans to Washington, D.C. to see the memorials built in their honor.
Our mission is to offer our local World War II and Korean War veterans a memorable, safe and rewarding tour of honor to our nation's capitol. It's a whirlwind tour. This trip happens all in one day and is completely free of charge to the vet! It's our small way to say 'thank you' for their service and sacrifices to this great country. We are also dedicated to making this trip as safe as possible. Trained volunteer 'guardians' are assigned to accompany every veteran. For added safety, we travel with volunteer medical professionals.
Our Old Glory Honor Flight benefit was great . Thanks to these soldiers, the CHS Choir and Drew and Diane Macdonald for coming. We are still taking donations to help send veterans to Washington DC!
Return To Pearl DVDs are now available!
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A character in a story Mitt Romney [1] frequently tells on the campaign trail walked out of the anecdote and onto the stage Saturday night at Romney's rally at Comfort Dental Amphitheatre [2].
In a section of his stump speech when he talks about American perseverance through hardship, Romney often tells the story of a Monument [3] Boy Scout troop's American flag. The flag went up on the space shuttle [4] Challenger and then somehow — Romney describes it almost providentially — survived the explosion that tragically killed the shuttle's crew.
The flag, which has been dubbed the Challenger flag, has since gone on to some renown [5]. According to Wikipedia [6], the flag was part of a parade through Philadelphia, was flown over the U.S. Capitol and was displayed during the Salt Lake Olympics. The troop, Boy Scout Troop 514 of Monument, also displays it during special scout award presentations.
Romney says he first encountered the flag during a scout ceremony years ago, when he heard the troop's scoutmaster tell the story of the flag. Romney said when he was allowed to hold it, "it was as if electricity was running through my arm."
"I thought about all the men and women in our space program who put themselves in danger's path out of a desire for learning and knowledge. For us," Romney said Saturday night. "This is the American way. I think of all of our servicemen and women who put themselves in harm's way for freedom and for us."
The story — Romney told it at Red Rocks Amphitheatre [7], as well, and has apparently used it [8] in other states, too — is an emotional moment for many in his crowds. But Romney made it more real Saturday.
After he finished telling the story, Romney asked the scoutmaster, a man named Bill Tolbert, to come onto the stage. Tolbert did, holding the flag, which was folded neatly into a triangle and inside a case.
"Now, did I get that story right?" Romney asked him.
"You did, sir," Tolbert responded.
And, with that, the scoutmaster and the flag left the stage.


text:
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Product Information:
Perfect to keep at your personal bar or kitchen, the Sunpentown 12 Bottle Wine Single Zone Thermoelectric Wine Refrigerator ensures that your most treasured wines are stored and served at the right temperature. Simply designed to offer convenience, this wine refrigerator has a thermo electric cooling system and digital controls with LED temperature display. Featuring three slide-out shelves, it is crafted to hold 12 bottles at once. The Sunpentown Wine Single Zone Thermoelectric Wine Refrigerator has a tinted double pane insulated glass door, soft interior light and front leveling leg to make it user-friendly. It has an adjustable temperature range from 50 to 66 degrees Fahrenheit, which needs to be adjusted according to the type of wines you store in it.
Product Details
Interior Storage
Light Included
Weights & Dimensions
|Product Type: Free-Standing
|Finish: Gray
Primary Material: Metal
|Number of Items Included: 1
|Voltage: 115 Volts (V)
|Frequency: 60 Hertz
|Power Output: 70 Watts (W)
Interior Storage: Yes
Light Included: Yes
|Levelling Legs: Yes
|Door Glass Type: Tinted; Double pane; Insulated
|Number of Doors: 1
|Installation Type: Free-Standing
|Cooling System: Thermoelectric
|Display Control Type: Digital
|Temperature Display Type: LED
|Cooling Zone: Single zone
|Wine Bottle Capacity: 12
|Minimum Temperature: 50 Fahrenheit
|Maximum Temperature: 66 Fahrenheit
|Country of Manufacture: China
|ETL Certified: Yes
About the ManufacturerSunpentown is primarily a manufacturing company dedicated to the design and development of personal and small home appliances. Since establishment, it has been Sunpentown's key objective to develop and manufacture high quality home appliances that suit the vast demands of their consumers. Choose from Sunpentown air conditioners, power tools, refrigerators, wine coolers, blenders, juicers, grills, stove top burners, woks and more!
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Reserving judgment... M from Lexington, MA on 12/11/2013 – Verified Buyer
Product arrived quickly and in good condition. Quality of construction is medium -- reasonably good at this price point. The racks rattle a bit and the door handle feels a bit flimsy. Only assembly required was screwing the handle on the door. Seems to maintain temperature within about 5 degrees F of target even with a moderate degree of opening and closing, which is fine. Haven't noticed much noise (although we have it in back hall, outside kitchen, so noise isn't as noticeable) and seems to run without vibration. Design of the product is also medium. It really is designed for Bordeaux-style bottles. Burgundy-style bottles are a squeeze between the rows one of the bottle positions has a protrusion from the fan behind it so Riesling-style bottles won't fit there (but will just squeeze in to other positions) Champagne bottles are largely impossible -- the smallest ones will squeeze into the bottom row most won't fit at all. Several inches of the unit's depth are also occupied by the cooling mechanism, so -- unlike a similar price point model I previously had at a similar depth -- there is no space between the bottles and the door to store a standing bottle. (Indeed, because the racks extend all the way forward, you can't even get this effect by leaving one column of the racks unoccupied. This means you can't store an opened bottle at 55F for the next day.) Product has operated fine so far. If I knew it would run for 10 years, I would probably give it 4 stars despite the design flaws. However, based on prior experience at this price point, I am guessing it's likely to last only a few years, earning my OK rating.
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Excellent Gift deepak from fremont, CA on 04/28/2015 – Verified Buyer
Bought this as a gift and they loved it. We have seen them use it for over 2 years and its in excellent condition. Maintains temp well and is priced very well!
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For the Wife Vincent from Richmond, VA on 10/15/2014 – Verified Buyer
Wife loves it, so I guess I do too :). Does its job & takes up very little space
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Perfect wine cooler Carolyn from Tawas City, MI on 07/07/2013 – Verified Buyer
Just the perfect wine cooler for our needs.Looks and works great. Only problem we had was when we were attaching the handle, we had to enlarge the holes for the screws to fit. Simple fix.
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Wine Refer Cliffy from Lodi, CA on 02/12/2012 – Verified Buyer
Excellent for the small amount of wine to have on hand without going to the cellar each time you want a bottle of wine.
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Neenah CLASSIC COLUMNS - 8.5 x 11 Paper - 24lb Writing - Recycled Natural White - 500 PK
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Classic quality, excellent manufacturing by a trusted mill, Neenah Papers. Classic Columns has a softly tailored, watermarked lineal finish, thus offering the descriptive name as Classic Columns.
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The Lisbon Packet: A bright one-bedroom flat
From $99 / night
Description from the owner
Description from the owner
Bedrooms: 1/
Bathrooms: 1/
Sleeps: 2/
Type: Apt. / Condo
The Lisbon Packet is a bright, airy one-bedroomed flat, a five-minute walk from the centre of Brixham and only ten minutes from the harbour. Ideally situated for a short break or a longer stay, it has a dedicated parking-space and a secure entry system. A balcony leading off the living-room catches the evening sun, and there is also a terrace leading to well-maintained communal gardens.
The flat is thoughtfully furnished with a mix of modern and quirky individual pieces chosen to reflect the owners' love of travel, history and good food. It has wood-laminate flooring in every room.
The up-to-date well-equipped kitchen has a good selection of ...Read more
About the owner
About the owner
Anne A.
Anne A.
- Response rate: 88%
- Response time: A few hours
- Calendar updated: 3 weeks ago
Overall rating:
Additional Location Information
Torbay is a lovely part of England, with so much to see, do and enjoy. Around the coast there is everything from lively Torquay to restful Paignton, then on to the working fishing-port of Brixham. The South-west coastal path passes right along the coast, as well as a wonderful steam railway and passenger-boats to enjoy.
Inland there are plenty of interesting places to visit, such as the Dartmoor national park and Greenway, the home of Agatha Christie.
If you don't want to drive, then Torbay has a very good public transport network with regular local buses, and also local and national trains from Paignton Station.
More About This Location
Beach or lakeside relaxation


text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Publication date
|May 6, 1975
|Filing date
|Aug 27, 1973
|Priority date
|May 13, 1971
|Publication number
|Inder Mani
|Original Assignee
|Dow Chemical Co
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (7), Referenced by (7), Classifications (15)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
United States Patent 1 1 1111 3,882,003
Mani et al. May 6, 1975 VINYL ESTER RESIN AND PROCESS FOR [56] References Cited RADIATION THE PRESENCE OF 2,673,l51 3/1954 Gerhart 96/1 15 P AMINES 3,301,143 1/1961 Fekete 61 al. 260/837 R Inventors: Inder Mani Midland Mich Bearden R 1 3,420,914 1/1969 May 260/837 R Asslgneei The Dow Chemical p y 3,669,911 6/1912 Najvar 260/2.5 N
Midland, Mich. 3,676,398 1/1912 D'AlellO 260/837 R 3,683,045 8/1972 Baldwin 260/837 R [22] Filed: Aug. 27, 1973 [21] Appl. No.: 391,108 Primary Examiner-Murray Tillman Related Application Data Assistant ExammerR1chard B. Turer Attorney, Agent, or Firml-l. L. Aamoth [62] D1v1s|0n of Ser. No. 142,853, May 13, 1971, Pat. No.
[57] ABSTRACT [52] Cl 204/159'16; 1 7/9331; 1 17/132 B; The addition of about 2 to 5 weight percent of certain 117/82 BE; 7H6! 23; 117/161 Uzi amines to a thermosettable mixture of certain vinyl 204/ 59-15; 204/ 159193 204/159'233 monomers and a polymerizable vinyl ester resin re- 204/ 15918; 260/836; 260/837 R duces the dosage level of ionizing radiation required [51] Int. Cl. C08! 1/00; COSf 1/00 to cure the mixture [58] Field of Search 260/836, 837 R;
204/159.15, 159.19, 159.16 8 Claims, No Drawings VINYL ESTER RESIN AND PROCESS FOR CURING SAME WITH IONIZING RADIATION IN THE PRESENCE OF AMINES This is a division of application Ser. No. 142,853, filed May 13, 1971, now U.S. Pat. No. 3,816,283.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION This invention relates to the field of ionizing radiation cure of polymerizable materials and to coatings of same and especially relates to a promoter to reduce the ionizing radiation level or dosage necessary to effect a cure of said materials.
From a commercial standpoint radiation curing offers a number of advantages over thermal catalystinitiated cures: immediate initiation of polymerization, extended pot-life of the curable materials, little temperature rise so heat sensitive substrates may be employed in coatings, better control of the polymerization reaction, superior substrate-coating bonds are produced and much higher concentrations of radicals may be produced instantaneously. However, these advantages are difficult to realize if the curable materials require high curing doses of ionizing radiation since the economics become prohibitive. Commercialization then depends on reducing the cost of the curing process by finding methods and materials to effect a cure at lower dosages.
The search for means to accelerate or promote radiation curing is evident by a number of patents relating to certain polymerizable materials. While neither the promoters or the polymerizable materials employed correspond in any way to this invention, patents representative of such efforts include US. Pat. Nos. 3,202,5l3; 3,251,759; 3,265,604; 3,352,771 and 2,979,446. Commercially it is desirable to be able to cure at dosages of no more than 2 to 3 megarads but it would be of great advantage to be able to cure at l megarad or even less.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION According to this invention the curing dosage of ionizing radiation required to cure in an inert atmosphere a mixture of certain vinyl monomers and a polymerizable vinyl ester resin is reduced by adding to the mix ture at least 0.3 weight percent of certain nitrogen containing materials.
The vinyl ester resin is prepared by reacting essentially equivalent amounts of an unsaturated monocarboxylic acid, such as methacrylic acid, with a polyepoxide of a polyhydric phenol having more than one epoxide group per molecule. The nitrogen materials include 2-oxazolines, guanidines and certain amines which are more fully described hereafter.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Vinyl ester resins are a newer class of thermosettable resins which may be generally defined as a reaction product of an unsaturated monocarboxylic acid with a polyepoxide resin having more than one epoxide or oxirane group per molecule. The reactants are usually combined in about equivalent proportions of acid to epoxide groups, whereby the reaction of said acid with said epoxide produces a terminal polymerizable group connected to the polymer chain by linkages. A vinyl ester resin prepared by reacting about equivalent amounts of acrylic acid with a diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A may be illustrated by the following formula:
I cn -cu-c-ocu encn o Q (011 The general methods by which vinyl ester resins may be prepared are thoroughly described in the patent literature. Representative patents which describe the resins and their preparation include US. Pat. Nos. 3,066,112; 3,179,623; 3,256,226; 3,301,743 and 3,377,406.
For this invention useful polymerizable vinyl ester resins include those which are prepared by reacting an unsaturated monocarboxylic acid with a polyepoxide of a polyhydric phenol wherein the polyepoxide has an epoxide equivalent weight of about up to 1000 and even higher. Said polyepoxides are made by reacting at least about two moles of an epihalohydrin, such as epichlorohydrin, with one mole of a polyhydric phenol and a sufiicient amount of an alkali to combine with the halogen of the halohydrin. Polyhydric phenols include the familiar bisphenol A as well as p,p'- dihydroxydiphenyl, p,p'-dihydroxyphenyl sulfone p,p'-dihydroxybenzophenone, p,p'-dihydroxydiphenylmethane, the various other position isomers of the above polyhydric phenols, polyhydric phenolic formaldehyde condensation products (novolac resins) and the like. Mononuclear phenols such as resorcinol, catechol, hydroquinone, phloroglucinol and the like may also be employed. The polyepoxides are characterized in having more than one epoxide group per molecule.
Unsaturated monocarboxylic acids useful in preparing vinyl ester resins have the formula where R, may be hydrogen, chlorine, bromine or phenyl and R, may be hydrogen, chlorine, bromine or a lower alkyl group of l to 4 carbon atoms. Said acids include acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, cinnamic acid, a-chloroacrylic acid and the like.
Various catalysts may be used in the preparation of vinyl ester resins. Catalysts include tertiary amines such as tris(dimethylaminomethyl)phenol, onium catalysts, triphenyl stibine and triphenyl phosphine and the like. Usually hydroquinone or other like polymerization inhibitors are added to prevent polymerization during the preparation of the resin.
According to this invention the polymerizable materials comprise a mixture of said vinyl ester resin with certain copolymerizable vinyl monomers. Only certain monomers may be employed with this invention provided the monomers are essentially nonvolatile. By this it is meant to exclude monomers which are predominantly gases at ambient temperatures. It is obvious that if the monomer is too volatile a substantial portion of the monomer would evaporate from a film or coating before the mixture of monomer and resin could be cured. Monomers which are normally liquid at room temperature may be used even though there may be a small loss of monomer by evaporation. It is possible to operate the process of this invention under higher pressures than atmospheric pressure to minimize any loss of said normally liquid monomers.
Useful monomers meeting the above requirements include both monoand polyunsaturated monomers. Polymerizable monounsaturated monomers include vinyl carboxylic acids such as acrylic and methacrylic acid; vinyl nitrile monomers such as acrylonitrile and methacrylonitrile; alkyl and hydroxyalkyl esters of vinyl carboxylic acids such as methyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, cyclohexyl methacrylate, hydroxyethyl methacrylate, hydroxypropyl acrylate, hydroxybutyl methacrylate and the like where the alkyl group contains from 1 to about 8 carbon atoms; vinyl amide monomers such as acrylamide, diacetone acrylamide and the like; and mixtures thereof. Aromatic monomers such as styrene are inoperative with this invention.
A variety of polyunsaturated polymerizable monomers within the above classes may be used including ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, trimethylol propane trimethacrylate, methylene bisacrylamide and other similar monomers.
The polymerizable materials of this invention are especially useful in coating various substrates such as metal, wood and the like either as a primer coating andlor a finished coating. In order to obtain the benefits of this invention at least 0.3 weight percent of the nitrogen containing material is added to the polymerizable materials. While quite large amounts of the nitrogen containing material may be added there is no advantage in doing so. Preferably the amount ranges from about 0.5 to 10 weight percent and most preferably from about 2 to 5 weight percent.
When employed as coating formulations other additives may be incorporated into the coating, for example, various inert fillers and pigments such as kaolin clay, titanium dioxide, silica, various inorganic oxides and the like. Films cast from the coating formulations may be rapidly cured by exposing them in an inert atmosphere to ionizing radiation (accelerated particulate radiation). A beam intensity of at least 50 microam peres is usually employed, but this invention is not limited thereto and lower beam intensities may be employed.
Generally the films or coatings will range in thickness from about 0.1 mil up to about mils. However, depending on the accelerating voltage, thicknesses up to 250 mils or higher are feasible. The radiation curing step should be performed in an inert atmosphere. By this it is meant an atmosphere which is essentially free of oxygen since the presence of oxygen may result in an undesirable tacky surface. It is sufficient for this purpose to place a thin film of a plastic material such as a polyester (Mylar) film on the cast film or coating.
Other means may be used such as curing in a chamber containing an essentially oxygen free atmosphere such as nitrogen, helium, argon and the like.
Accelerated particulate (ionizing) radiation includes particles such as electrons, protons, deuterons, other ions and the like. However, from an industrial standpoint, the cost and availability of machines limit ionizing radiation curing to accelerated electrons for the immediate future. A variety of devices are available to provide accelerated electron radiation or varying voltages and beam intensities. Typical of such devices is the familiar Van de Graaff accelerator. Similar commercial accelerators utilizing various acceleration means are available from Texas Nuclear Corporation, (cascade rectified system) High Voltage Engineering, (insulated core transformer system) General Electric (a resonant transformer design) and Radiation Dynamics, Inc. (radio frequency cascade rectifier system).
Nitrogen containing materials include 2-oxazolines, guanidines and certain amines. The 2-oxazolines include 2-oxazoline itself, and substituted 2-oxazolines having the formula wherein R and R" may be hydrogen, ethyl, methyl, phenyl and the like. R may be an alkyl, aryl, aralkyl group or hydrogen. Such substituted oxazolines include 2-methyl-2-oxazoline, 2,S-diphenyl-Z-oxazoline; 2- phenyl, 5-methyl-2-oxazoline; 2-methyl, 5-phenyl-2- oxazoline and the like. Also included within the term 2-oxazolines are the bis oxazolines such as 2,2- tetramethylene bis(2-oxazoline), 2,2'-oxydiethylene bis(2-oxazoline; 2,2 thiodiethylene bis(2-oxazoline) and the like. Guanidines include guanidine, tetramethyl guanidine and the like.
Amines which may be employed have the formula R,R R N wherein R, may be an alkyl or an aralkyl group, R and R each may be hydrogen or an alkyl group or R, and R together may be a cyclic alkylene radical or an oxydialkylene radical. Alkyl groups include methyl, ethyl, propyl, n-butyl, isobutyl and higher alkyl groups. Typical amines include mono-, diand trin butyl amine, di-isobutyl amine, triethyl amine, cyclohexylamine, benzyl amine, morpholine, piperidine and the like.
The following non-limiting examples will further illustrate the invention. All parts and percentages are by weight unless otherwise specified.
EXAMPLE 1 A vinyl ester resin was prepared by reacting methacrylic acid (3 l%) with a glycidyl polyether of bisphenol A having an epoxide equivalent weight (EEW) of 186-192 (D.E.R. 331). The vinyl ester resin was then mixed with n-butyl acrylate in the proportions of 2/1 and to this resin was then added 3% of various nitrogen containing compounds, based on weight of resin and monomer. A film was cast with a 7 mil draw-down bar on a Q-panel (4 X l2 X 0.03 inch) and covered with a 2 mil sheet of Mylar (polyester) film to exclude air. The coated polished steel Q panel was then passed through a 2 Mev electron beam from a Van de Graaf accelerator filtered with 0.33 gm/cm A1. A 50 microampere beam current and a conveyor speed of 3.4 cm/sec delivered a dose of 0.1 Megarad (Mrad) for each pass through the beam.
Without any accelerator the resin required 0.5 megarads (Mrad) to cure. While this dose level is already low, the addition of di-n-butyl amine reduced the dosage required to 0.1-0.2 Mrad. Similarly, when tetramethylguanidine and 2-oxazoline were employed as the accelerators the dosage was reduced to 0.2 and 0.4 Mrad, respectively. Tests made with styrene in place of the butyl acrylate failed to evidence the reduction in curing dosage.
EXAMPLE 2 When the resin of the previous example was mixed with 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate (50/50), the mixture required 0.3 Mrad to cure. Even at this low dosage the addition of 3% by weight of dibutyl amine reduce the dosage to cure to 0.15 Mrads.
EXAMPLE 3 Another vinyl ester resin made by reacting methacrylic acid (32.0%) with a mixture of D.E.R. 331 (17.7%) and an epoxy novolac (50.3%) having an EEW of 175-182 was mixed with n-butyl acrylate (2/1 and tested as in Example 1. Without an accelerator 0.5-0.6 Mrad was required to cure the mixture. The addition of 3% of di-n-butyl amine, 2-oxazoline or tetramethylguanidine reduced the dosage to cure to 0.2, 0.4 and 0.3 Mrad, respectively.
EXAMPLE 4 The resin of Example 3 was mixed with 2-hydroxyethyl-acrylate 50/50 and the curing dosage was reduced from 0.3 to 0.15 Mrad.
EXAMPLE 5 A further series of tests were run with the vinyl ester resin of Example 1 mixed with different monomers and employing various accelerating materials of the invention. The curing dose in Mrad for each of the various combinations employing the procedure of Example 1 is shown below.
Curing Dose, Mrad Resin of Example 1 mixed with Similar to Example 5 another series of tests were made with the resin of Example 3 with the following results.
Curing Dose, Mrad Resin of Example 3 mixed with lt will be understood that the present invention is not limited to the specific materials, steps and other specific details described above but may embody various modifications insofar as they are defined in the following claims.
What is claimed is:
l. A process for curing a mixture of a polymerizable vinyl ester resin and a nonvolatile vinyl monomer selected from the group consisting of vinyl carboxylic acids, vinyl nitriles, vinyl amides, alkyl and liydroxyalkyl esters of vinyl carboxylic acids wherein the alkyl group contains from 1 to 8 carbons, and mixtures thereof, said process comprises exposing said mixture in an inert atmosphere to ionizing radiation, said mixture having added thereto about 2 to 5 weight percent based on the weight of the mixture of an amine having the formula R,R R N where R, is an alkyl or aralkyl group, R is hydrogen and R may be hydrogen or an alkyl group or R and R together may be a cyclic alkylene radical or an oxydialkylene radical; and wherein said vinyl ester resin is prepared by reacting essentially equivalent amounts of a polyepoxide of a polyhydric phenol having more than one epoxide group per molecule with an unsaturated acid having the formula where R, is chlorine, bromine, hydrogen or phenyl and R is hydrogen, chlorine, bromine or a loweralkyl group of l to 4 carbon atoms.
2. The process of claim 1 wherein said polyhydric phenol is bisphenol A, a novolac resin or mixtures thereof.
3. The process of claim 1 wherein said unsaturated acid is acrylic acid or methacrylic acid.
4. The process of claim 1 wherein R in the amine formula is hydrogen.
5. A thermosettable mixture suitable for curing by exposure to low levels of ionizing radiation comprising a mixture of a polymerizable vinyl ester resin and a nonvolatile vinyl monomer selected from the group consisting of vinyl carboxylic acids, vinyl nitriles, vinyl amides, alkyl and hydroxyalkyl esters of vinyl carboxylic acids wherein the alkyl group contains from 1 to 8 carbons, and mixtures thereof, said mixture having added thereto about 2 to 5 weight percent based on the weight of the mixture of a nitrogen containing compound selected from the group consisting of 2- oxazolines, guanidines and amines having the formula R R R N where R, is an alkyl or aralkyl group, R is hy drogen and R each may be hydrogen or an alkyl group or R, and R together may be a cyclic alkylene radical or an oxydialykylene radical; and wherein said polyrnerizable vinyl ester resin is prepared by reacting essentially equivalent amounts of a polyepoxide of a polyhydric phenol having more than one epoxide group per molecule and an unsaturated acid having the formula where R, is hydrogen, chlorine, bromine or phenyl and R is hydrogen, chlorine, bromine or a lower alkyl group of l to 4 carbon atoms.
6. The mixture of claim 5 wherein said polyhydric phenol is bisphenol A, a novolac resin or mixtures thereof.
7. The mixture of claim 5 wherein said unsaturated acid is acrylic acid or methacrylic acid.
8. The mixture of claim 5 wherein R in the amine formula is hydrogen.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Mar 13, 1952
|Mar 23, 1954
|Pittsburgh Plate Glass Co
|Photosensitive resin composition
|Jun 12, 1963
|Jan 31, 1967
|Robertson Co H H
|Polyhydroxy polyacrylate esters of epoxidized phenol-formaldehyde novolac resins and laminates therefrom
|Jun 5, 1964
|Feb 6, 1968
|Dow Chemical Co
|2-hydroxyalkyl acrylate and methacrylate dicarboxylic acid partial esters and the oxyalkylated derivatives thereof
|Nov 13, 1964
|Jan 7, 1969
|Shell Oil Co
|Unsaturated polyester compositions and their preparation
|Sep 26, 1969
|Jun 13, 1972
|Dow Chemical Co
|Process and compositions for making porous low density thermoset resins from water-in-resin emulsions
|Nov 25, 1968
|Jul 11, 1972
|Ppg Industries Inc
|Polymerizable crosslinkable esters of polyepoxy compounds
|Dec 2, 1970
|Aug 8, 1972
|Walton Leon Baldwin
|Phenothiazine stabilized vinyl ester resins
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Jan 27, 1976
|May 23, 1978
|Ppg Industries, Inc.
|Method for the preparation of mixtures of (meth)acrylic terminated polyether resin and 3-halo-2-hydroxypropyl (meth)acrylate
|Mar 10, 1977
|Aug 22, 1978
|Ciba-Geigy Corporation
|Photopolymerizable epoxy resins containing pendant unsaturated ester or amidomethyl groups
|Nov 15, 1978
|Nov 11, 1980
|The Dow Chemical Company
|Addition polymerizable polyethers having pendant ethylenically unsaturated urethane groups
|Jun 27, 1980
|Oct 6, 1981
|Shell Oil Company
|Process for stabilizing polyester compositions
|Apr 8, 1985
|Jan 17, 1989
|The Dow Chemical Company
|Radiation-curable resins
|May 16, 1989
|Jun 19, 1990
|Amp Incorporated
|Broad spectrum light and heat curable sealant composition and method of using same
|Aug 26, 1991
|Mar 7, 1995
|The Whitaker Corporation
|Method of sealing electrical connectors using a broad spectrum light and heat curable composition
|U.S. Classification
|522/65, 522/63, 522/31, 522/50, 522/103, 525/922, 525/531
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification


text:
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Description: View of five men standing outside holding full lines of fish they caught at Nature Lovers Paradise resort located on Jackson Lake. In the background are tw...
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Where to Find Online CEU Courses in Multimedia LiteracyMore Related Discussions
A great place to not only get ideas, but to earn inservice and CEU course credit is www.2ites.com. There are 5 accredited online courses in 4 subject areas including English Language Arts, Math, Science, and Social Studies. The courses cover skills and curricular integration and feature hours of video and 1 on 1 moderation. A place to to get some more ideas for free is www.2itEducationSolutions.com. There, you can find a lot of videos that show how you can integrate SMART boards with other tools such as document cameras, MS Word and more into 8 curricular areas. Good luck!
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