text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Sep 30, 1980
|Filing date
|Nov 13, 1978
|Priority date
|Nov 13, 1978
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Lewis Tyree, Jr.
|Original Assignee
|Lewis Tyree Jr
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (8), Referenced by (28), Classifications (14), Legal Events (2)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This application is a continuation-in-part of my copending patent application Ser. No. 737,440, filed Nov. 1, 1976, now U.S. Pat. No. 4,127,008.
The present invention relates to cryogenic refrigeration and more particularly to systems for utilizing cryogenic refrigeration to meet varying refrigeration load demands over a 24-hour period.
Small and intermittent users of freezing equipment, particularly in the food industry, often produce a relatively large batch of product which the processor will then wish to quick-freeze at one time. Mechanical freezers are not generally economically suitable for intermittent, relatively large-scale, fast-freezing operations requiring a relatively low temperature environment, for example, -30� F. or -40� F., because they require a large capital investment as well as provision for a high amount of short-term power. Cryogenic fast-freezing can be of significant benefit to such users, and examples of cryogenic freezing units are set forth in my prior U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,660,985, 3,672,181, 3,754,407 and 3,815,377. Heretofore, cryogenic freezing systems have generally accommodated such an intermittent high-level requirement by the expenditure of a substantial amount of cryogen, which has diminished the attractiveness of cryogenic freezing for such potential users.
In addition, there are many other situations where the demand for refrigeration will vary substantially, especially over a 24-hour period, because there will be periods of heavy demand, followed by periods of much lower demand, as well as times when there may be no need at all for refrigeration. There are also many freezing and/or cooling operations which presently employ mechanical refrigeration systems that could benefit significantly from the availability of cryogenic temperatures. The adaptation of cryogenic refrigeration systems to fulfill such needs would provide a commercially attractive alternative for and/or supplement to refrigeration systems existing today.
One object of the present invention is to provide a carbon dioxide cooling system which can intermittently supply a relatively large quantity of cryogenic refrigeration on an economically attractive basis. Another object is to provide improved methods of cryogenic freezing, capable of handling intermittent, relatively large refrigeration demands, which are efficient and economically attractive. A further object is to provide a carbon dioxide system which can be added to an existing mechanical refrigeration system for a relatively low capital expenditure, that will increase the efficiency and capacity of the overall system as well as provide cryogenic freezing temperatures, if desired. Still another object is to provide a system which is capable of providing cryogenic cooling temperatures without expeniture of cryogen and which can significantly reduce capital cost because it is capable of providing three or more times as much short-term refrigeration capacity, compared to a standard system using compressors and condensers of similar size.
These and other objects of the invention will be apparent from the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the invention when read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings wherein:
FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic view of a carbon dioxide cooling system embodying various features of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a fragmentary view of an alternative arrangement for a portion of the system illustrated in FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a view similar to FIG. 2 of still another alternative arrangement;
FIG. 4 is a view similar to FIG. 1 of yet another alternative embodiment;
FIG. 5 is a view of another carbon dioxide cooling system embodying various features of the invention; and
FIG. 6 is a view of another carbon dioxide cooling system including a mechanical refrigeration unit.
Very generally, a relatively large amount of refrigeration at cryogenic temperatures can be supplied on an intermittent basis, by establishing a low-temperature coolant reservoir of slush or snow which can be economically created during a time period when there is low usage, at night or during other "off" periods. Build-up of refrigeration capacity in the reservoir can be accomplished relatively slowly, requiring only fairly low power demands and relatively small capacity equipment. Although any suitable cryogen may be used, it appears that the invention has particular advantages when the cryogen has a triple point between about -30� F. and about -80� F., and the preferred cryogen is carbon dioxide.
When the need for refrigeration arises, cold liquid carbon dioxide can be supplied at whatever rate is necessary while taking advantage of the immediate availability of capacity of the low-temperature reservoir to assist in removing the absorbed heat from a fluid stream returning to the reservoir. If CO2 vapor is generated and returned, the latent heat absorption capacity of the solid CO2 is available for cooling, either directly or indirectly, and condensing CO2 vapor. As a result, for example, a large amount of product can be fast-frozen in a relatively short period of time while recovering all the vaporized cryogen. When a period of peak use is followed by one of no or only low usage, operation of a relatively low capacity compressor and condensor is effective to regenerate the low-temperature coolant reservoir for another freezing cycle. The sizing of reservoirs, compressors and condensers and the like can be arranged as desired for different cycles, and more than a single unit may be employed in a system when design conditions so dictate.
One arrangement for providing intermittent cooling to a specialty food service operation or the like, which embodies certain features of the invention, is depicted in FIG. 1. A standard carbon dioxide liquid storage vessel 10 is employed which is designed for the storage of liquid carbon dioxide at about 300 p.s.i.g., at which pressure it will have an equilibrium temperature of about 0� F. A refrigeration unit 12, such as a freon condenser, is associated with the storage vessel 10 and is designed to operate as needed to condense carbon dioxide vapor in the vessel to liquid. The freon condenser is a standard item, and one is employed with a sufficient condensation capacity to match the size of the tank and the intended operation for utilization of the liquid carbon dioxide. A typical condenser for an installation of this type may be rated to condense about fifty pounds of carbon dioxide vapor an hour at 300 p.s.i.g.
A liquid line 14 extends from the bottom of the storage vessel 10 to an upper portion of a chamber or holding tank 16 via a remotely operable valve 18. If desirable because of the length of piping run from the storage vessel, a pump (not shown) may be included in the liquid line 14. A branch line 20 is connected to the liquid line 14, and it enters at a lower location on the tank 16 via a remote-controlled valve 22 and a pressure regulator 24. The pressure regulator assures that the pressure in the line does not drop below about 80 p.s.i.a.
A vapor line 26 extends from the upper portion of the tank 16 to the intake side of a compressor 28. Connected in the vapor line 26 are a remotely-operable valve 30 and an accumulator 32, which are used for a purpose to be explained hereinafter. A line 34 extends from the discharge of the compressor 28 to a location near the bottom of the interior of the storage vessel 10 so that the warmed, high pressure gas is bubbled into the liquid carbon dioxide in the storage vessel. In this manner, the body of liquid carbon dioxide acts as a thermal flywheel or "de-superheater", and the freon refrigeration unit 12 is utilized to carry out the reliquification of the high pressure vapor.
The holding tank 16 is equipped with a liquid level control 36 which is electrically linked to a remote control panel 38. Once the desired liquid level within the tank 16 is reached, the control circuitry operates to cause the valve 18 to close. The compressor 28 can run, if desired, during filling to remove vapor from the tank 16 in order to reduce the pressure of the liquid CO2 from the initial high pressure at which it was supplied from the storage tank (e.g., 300 p.s.i.g.) to at least as low as the triple point, i.e., about 75 p.s.i.a. It may momentarily be reduced to a slightly lower pressure. Lowering the pressure results in vaporization, cooling the unvaporized liquid CO2, and dropping the temperature of the liquid carbon dioxide in the holding tank.
The liquid level within the holding tank 16 continuously decreases as a result of such vaporization, and if it reaches the lower level set on the controller 36, a signal to the control system 38 would result in opening the valve to supply additional liquid CO2 into the tank through the upper line 14 so long as the pressure in the tank as measured by the monitor 44 is above a present value, e.g., 75 p.s.i.a. Some of the higher pressure liquid being supplied will immediately vaporize and cool the remainder, and filling continues until the desired upper liquid level is reached.
When the temperature reaches about -69.9� F., solid CO2 begins to form as vaporization continues. A layer of solid CO2 may first form near the upper surface of the liquid in the tank; however, the density of solid CO2 is greater than that of liquid CO2 so it has a tendency to sink. By interrupting the suction of the compressor 28 on the tank, vaporization may be momentarily halted to allow the solid CO2 layer to sink below the surface. Resumption of the suction by the compressor 28 can result in the formation of another solid layer which can be allowed to sink during a subsequent interruption. Repeated sucking and interrupting may be used to build up a reservoir of slush within the holding tank 16.
To avoid stopping and starting the compressor 28 to create these interruptions, momentary interruptions, for example, of about fifteen seconds are more expediently accomplished by closing the valve 30 in the vapor line and allowing the compressor to suck on the empty chamber 32 which thus serves as an accumulator. The control system may be set to begin such interruptions after a predetermined temperature or pressure is reached in the reservoir within the tank, as monitored by a temperature sensor 40 or by a pressure gauge and monitor 44, but of course the actual times would be dependent upon the size of the compressor and of the slush tank. For example, once about -69.9� F. or about 75 p.s.i.a. is reached, which is indicative that solid CO2 is beginning to be formed, the control system 38 may be programmed to close the valve 30 for about fifteen seconds after every three or four minutes of operation to repeatedly form relatively thin layers of solid CO2 which sink down until reaching the level of a screen 42, that is located a slight distance above the tank bottom. Mechanical, sonic and fluid flow methods of promoting mixing of the solid CO2 to create slush are also acceptable.
Once slush-making has begun so that the compressor is maintaining the pressure at about the triple point of the cryogen and the lower level of liquid in the tank is again reached so that the level controller 36 calls for more liquid, the control system 38 may be set so as to allow no further liquid input or only a limited further amount. If it is decided to supply some further liquid CO2, the valve 22 leading to the branch line 20 may be opened to fill the tank from the bottom and assure good mixing of the warmer liquid occurs. The liquid CO2 entering the tank through the branch line 20 passes through the pressure regulator 24, the purpose of which is to prevent any solid CO2 formation upstream in the region of the valve 22. By filling the tank 16 via the bottom line 20, there is no need to interrupt the slushing process.
The repetition of these operations may be employed to build up a low-temperature reservoir of carbon dioxide slush in the tank 16 which is then available for cooling or freezing needs. Ideally, the system is sized so that the region of the tank above the screen 42 becomes substantially filled with slush to the desired level during a rest period when the user is preparing the food products to be frozen. If there should be some delay in the preparation of the products, the control system 38 is designed to detect conditions indicating achievement of the desired level of slush and to halt the operation of the compressor before the entire reservoir is transformed to solid CO2. For example, if a temperature of about -70� F. is monitored while the liquid level shows a substantially full condition and the pressure within the upper portion of the tank decreases below the triple point, it is an indication of formation of a fairly thick layer of solid CO2 at the top of the reservoir, in which instance vaporization should be halted by shutting down the compressor.
Once such a low-temperature reservoir has been established, use can be made of it in several different ways in effecting the freezing or cooling of the product, depending upon the choice of system the customer or user selects. In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 1, a refrigeration enclosure is provided in the form of a freezer cabinet 50 having a pair of outwardly swinging insulated front doors 52. The cabinet 50 has a layer of thermal insulation, for example, polyurethane foam, lining the interior of its rear and side walls and the top and bottom, and it is provided with an inner liner 54 that defines the enclosure wherein the product is placed that is to be frozen.
The liner 54 has a plurality of horizontally extending exit slots 56 in one wall and a plurality of vertically extending entrance slots 58 in the opposite wall through which a circulation of gas can be effected. The liner 54 is appropriately spaced from the insulated side walls and top walls of the cabinet 50 so as to provide a plenum chamber or passageway system through which a flow of air or gas can be continuously circulated by a fan or blower 60, which is driven by an electric motor 62 mounted atop the cabinet. The illustrated enclosure is designed to accommodate a pair of wheeled carts 64 carrying racks of food products which have just been prepared and are ready for quick-freezing. The control panel 38 is conveniently located in a box mounted on the side of the cabinet 50.
Cooling of the enclosure within the confines of the insulated outer walls is effected by an extended surface heat exchanger 66 that is located between the insulated top of the cabinet and the upper wall of the liner 54. The blower 60 causes the atmosphere within the enclosure to be drawn outward through the horizontal exit slots 56 and up to the fan, whence it is pushed through the extended surface of the heat exchanger 66, where it is cooled, then down through the passageway outside the opposite wall, returning to the enclosure via the vertical slots 58, and finally horizontally across the refrigeration enclosure, thereby cooling the food products carried by the carts.
In the FIG. 1 embodiment, low temperature liquid CO2 is withdrawn from the bottom of the holding tank 16 and pumped by a suitable pump 70 through the heat exchanger 66 via the insulated line 72. After flowing throughout the length of the tubing which constitutes the liquid side of the heat exchanger, it exits the refrigeration cabinet 50 via the insulated line 74 and is returned to the tank at a location just below the screen 42. As a result, the approximately -70� F. liquid CO2 being pumped through the tubing which carries the extended surface of the heat exchanger 66 may be and preferably is at least partially vaporized, as it takes up heat from the gaseous atmosphere being circulated therepast by the blower 60.
As the warm fluid mixture returns through the line 74 to the holding tank 16, it enters near the bottom and mixes with the cold slush as it attempts to rise in the tank, condensing the vapor and lowering the temperature of the warmed liquid CO2 to the temperature of the slush reservoir, i.e., about -70� F. As a result, the refrigeration system is capable of being able to fairly promptly circulate a gaseous atmosphere at about -60� F. across the food products to be frozen. Thus, the advantages of cryogenic freezing are obtained within the refrigeration enclosure without expending carbon dioxide by exhausting it to the atmosphere. The heat given up by the warmer returning liquid and the condensing vapor is absorbed by the latent heat of the solid portion of the slush as it melts to form additional liquid cryogen. Thus, the previously established slush reservoir provides a large amount of ready cooling at cryogenic temperatures which can be employed to directly or indirectly to effect fast-freezing.
Usually, the control system 38 will be set so as to actuate the compressor 28 (if it is not already operating) as soon as the product to be frozen is loaded into the refrigeration cabinet 50, the doors 52 locked shut, and the blower motor 62 and pump 70 begin to run. In this manner, the compressor 28 begins working in anticipation of the vapor which will soon be forthcoming. Should the product itself be at all susceptible to flavor deterioration by oxidation or should even faster freezing be desired, a vapor connection between the cabinet 50 and the storage vessel 10 is made via the line 76. In this situation, before the control system actuates the blower motor 62, a valve 78 in the line 76 is automatically opened to flood the enclosure with carbon dioxide vapor which substantially displaces the air therefrom. The freezing process is then carried out using the denser (compared to air) carbon dioxide vapor which has excellent heat capacity characteristics, as well as preventing flavor deterioration. Should the special effects of another gaseous atmosphere be desired, it could be introduced into the enclosure instead of introducing the CO2 vapor.
The system is designed to provide cryogenic freezing temperatures under conditions which allow recovery of substantially all of the carbon dioxide vapor, while at the same time requiring only minimal capital requirements because use is made of both a relatively low horsepower compressor and condenser. Should additional cooling capacity be needed, as for example, if on a particular day the user wishes to freeze more than the normal amount of product causing the period during which the low temperature slush reservoir is regenerated to be cut short, such additional freezing can be accomplished. A vent line 80 from the holding tank 16 is equipped with a remotely operable valve 82 that can be opened via the control panel. Accordingly, should the reservoir in the tank rise above a pre-set temperature, e.g., -60� F. or a pre-set pressure, e.g., about 95 p.s.i.a., during a time period when the pump 70 is pumping liquid carbon dioxide and the compressor 28 is operating, the control system 38 will sense that the low-temperature coolant reservoir has been substantially depleted and that the compressor 28 alone is unable to keep up with the demand for freezing capacity.
FIGS. 2 and 3 depict alternative systems for utilizing mechanical refrigeration to directly form the slush within the tank. In the FIG. 2 embodiment, a holding tank 90 is provided which has a generally frustoconical screen 92 which assures a solid-free zone adjacent the wall of the holding tank from which liquid cryogen, preferably CO2, can be withdrawn. The tank 90 contains a liquid level control 94 and liquid cryogen is supplied to the tank through an inlet 95 to provide the desired level. A vapor return line (not shown) would normally be employed. Depending upon the source of the liquid CO2 supply, a separate vapor condenser, for example, a freon condenser (not shown), as the tank 90 might be made much longer than the tank 16 and serve the dual function of a CO2 storage vessel.
Disposed in the upper portion of the holding tank above the liquid surface is a dump-type ice-maker 96 of the type generally known for making water-ice cubes. It is adapted to lower the temperature of liquid CO2 below the freezing point, i.e., about -70� F. Accordingly, the ice-making device utilizes a refrigerant which will vaporize at a somewhat lower temperature, for example, between about -75� F. and -85� F. For example, a mechanical refrigeration system 98 utilizing a freon can be used to provide temperatures in this range in the ice-maker. This mechanical refrigeration system 98 would of course include a suitable compressor and condenser which would be located outside of the holding tank in combination with a suitable expansion valve.
An outlet line 100 from the solid-free region of the holding tank 90 leads to the refrigeration load, which may be a refrigerator cabinet or the like, and an auxiliary pump 102 may be included in this line 100. A branch 104 of this line leads to the ice-making device 96. Accordingly, the standard control system for the ice-maker 96 would allow a sufficient amount of liquid CO2 to be pumped into the ice-maker, and thereafter, the mechanical refrigeration system 98 would supply sufficient compressed freon through the expansion valve to freeze the liquid in the ice-maker and form solid CO2. Once freezing is completed, the ice-making device 96 would be automatically actuated to run through its normal ejection cycle, as for example, by briefly passing hot gas from the compressor through the freezing coils to loosen the solid CO2 therefrom, and then cause the motor to dump the solid CO2 into the underlying liquid which is at substantially the triple point pressure and temperature. The ice-making cycle is then repeated until the desired percentage of solid cryogen has been created in the holding tank.
The holding tank 90 is thermally insulated and functions in the same manner as the holding tank 16 described in FIG. 1. When CO2 vapor from the freezing cabinet is returned to the bottom of the holding tank through a vapor return conduit 106, the vapor and the warmer liquid rise through the slush, condensing the vapor and melting some of the solid CO2 therein.
Depicted in FIG. 3 is an alternative slush-making apparatus which utilizes a pair of inter-connected tanks 108 together with a mechanical refrigeration system 110 which may be one similar to that just described. In this arrangement a pair of thermally insulated holding tanks 108 are provided which are interconnected by conduits 112,114 top and bottom. A reversible pump 116 is provided in the bottom conduit 114, and a suitable valve 118 is provided in the top conduit. The holding tanks 108 are filled to the desired level with liquid CO2 which is at or near the triple point through suitable inlet pipes 120. Suitable vapor outlets (not shown) would also be provided in each tank 108.
By operating the pump 116 in the lower conduit liquid CO2 can be pumped in either direction between the tanks 108 to achieve the desired liquid level therein with vapor flowing in the opposite direction through the valve 118 in the upper connecting pipe. A similar annular screen 122 to that earlier described would also be provided in each tank 108 to prevent solid CO2 from reaching and perhaps clogging the pump. An ice-making device 124 is provided in the upper portion of each of the holding tanks having an extended coil surface, which may be, for example, in the shape of a number of Vs.
The pump 116 is operated to pump liquid CO2 between the tanks 108 to alternately immerse the coils in the upper region of one of the tanks 108. In FIG. 3, liquid CO2 has been pumped from the left-hand holding tank 108a to the right-hand holding tank 108b so that the extended coil surface 124b is immersed to the desired depth. Immediately thereafter, the mechanical refrigeration system 110 is caused to supply cold liquid refrigerant, as for example, a freon at a temperature of about -80� F., to the coil 124b which causes a thick layer of solid CO2 to build up on the exterior surface thereof. The mechanical refrigeration unit 110 can be operated for a timed cycle, or some other way of measuring the thickness of the ice well known in water ice-making devices can be employed. Thereafter, the pump 116 is reversed to withdraw liquid CO2 from the right-hand holding tank 108b and pump it into the left-hand holding tank 108a until the coils 124a near the upper end thereof are immersed.
During the time solid CO2 is being formed in one tank 108b, the mechanical refrigeration system 110 is employed to harvest the solid CO2 from coils in the upper portion of the other holding tank. In this respect, hot vapor from the compressor unit 126, which is illustrated as a two-stage reciprocating compressor, is diverted from the condenser 128 and fed through the coils 124a in the right-hand holding tank. This causes the solid CO2 to break loose from the coils, fall to the surface liquid below and sink therein to add to the slush reservoir.
Each of the holding tanks 108 can be provided with a liquid outlet 130, and in the illustrated embodiment, the left-hand holding tank 108a has its outlet 130 leading to a pump 132 that supplies to cold liquid cryogen to one refrigeration load 134, such as a refrigeration cabinet. If the right-hand holding tank 108b has a similar outlet 130, liquid might be pumped through it to a different refrigeration load. On the other hand, the same refrigeration load could be selectively fed from either holding tank with withdrawal preferably being made from the tank 108 wherein ice-making is not currently progressing. Likewise, a vapor return line 136 would be provided leading to the lower portion of each tank 108, and these lines 136 could be cross-connected as shown. The illustrated embodiment is efficient because ice-making can take place in one holding tank while ice is being removed from the coils 124 in the other tank. Preferably, the tanks 108 are of fairly high capacity so that they can accommodate a fairly large volume of liquid slush and conceivably could serve as a CO2 storage vessel to supply several refrigeration loads.
Depicted in FIG. 4 is another alternative version of slush-making apparatus which can be employed to create a reservoir of cryogenic refrigeration. Illustrated is a large thermally insulated tank 140 which serves the dual function of both a slush-holding tank as well as a carbon dioxide storage vessel. The tank 140 might be some 10 to 12 feet in height and is surmounted by a tower 142 that might be as tall as 120 feet high. A suitable screen 144 is provided in the lower portion of the tank 140 to assure a solid-free zone from which liquid CO2 may be withdrawn through a line 146. A circulating pump 148 is provided in the line 146. Downstream of the pump, the line 146 may lead to one or more refrigeration loads 150, and a branch line 152 is provided which leads upward to the tower 142 through a pressure-regulator 154. A bypass line 156 containing a check valve 157 leads from the branch line 152 back to the upper portion of the main tank 140. The check valve 157 is sized so that, when the pump 148 is operating, there will be a flow of liquid through the bypass line 156 that creates a downward current within the large main tank 140 to assist the downward settling of the solid CO2 therein.
A centrifugal separating device 158 is provided at the upper end of the tower 142, and the liquid CO2 from the line 152 flows through a line 160 leading to an expansion nozzle 162 which enters the separating device in a non-radial direction. The pressure at the top of the tower 142 is sufficiently low that the liquid CO2 passing through the expansion nozzle 162 is transformed into a mixture of vapor and solid cryogen particles or snow. The CO2 snow travels in a swirling motion along the outer surface of the tower section whereas the vapor flows upward through an interior concentric tube and out the top of the tower 142 through a line 164.
A compressor 166 is provided to withdraw vapor from the top of the tower through the line 164 and increase its pressure. The heated vapor leaving the compressor 166 is passed through a freon condenser 168 or the like which lowers the temperature sufficiently to liquify it following this increase in pressure, and this liquid is then directed to a tee where it joins the liquid being pumped through the pressure regulator 154 and flows to the expansion nozzle 162. Thus, the line 152 also serves as a make-up line to deliver an amount of liquid CO2 about equal to the amount which turns to solid at the nozzle. The pressure regulator 154 may be set to maintain a downstream pressure of, for example, between about 80 and about 85 psia and to open to allow flow therethrough from the pump 148 any time the pressure in the line downstream from the compressor 166, which leads to the nozzle, drops below this value.
As earlier indicated, the liquid CO2 is expanded at the nozzle 162, turning to snow and vapor with the snow settling downward some 120 feet through the tower 142 to the pool of liquid therebelow in the main tank. Accordingly, while the surface of the liquid in the tank 140 will be at the triple point pressure, the pressure at the expansion nozzle discharge may be about 1 psi lower, which pressure is maintained by the suction of the compressor 166. The excess of liquid is supplied by the pump 148 and diverted through the bypass 156 creates a constant downward flow in the tank 140 from the upper surface which accelerates the gravimetric settling of the snow which forms slush within the tank.
The tank 140 is provided with some sort of monitoring unit, for example, a level control 170 which may be of the photoelectric type, that determines when the slush in the tank has built upward to a maximum desired level. At this point the control system should be actuated to close a valve (not shown) in the line 152, or to turn off the pump 148, and thus momentarily suspend further snow-making. As in the case of the earlier described versions, whenever refrigeration is called for, the pump 148, or a separate pump (not shown), circulates cold liquid CO2 to the load 150. The warm liquid and/or vapor which results from cooling the load is returned through a line 172 to a lower location in the tank 140 where it is condensed and/or re-cooled, resulting in the melting of some of the solid CO2 portion of the slush.
Depicted in FIG. 5 is an alternative version of the system shown in FIG. 4 which avoids the need for a tower of such height by employing a star valve 176 or its equivalent at the bottom of the tower 142' just above the top of the tank 140'. As a result, the pressure at the top of the tower 142' is isolated from the pressure at the surface of the liquid in the main tank 140', and the compressor may be operated to maintain a somewhat lower pressure at the expansion nozzle to increase the percentage of snow that will be created.
Depicted in FIG. 6 is still another alternative version wherein the refrigeration capacity of the slush reservoir is not used to directly absorb heat from material being cooled, but instead it is indirectly employed, i.e., by lowering the operating temperature of an existing mechanical refrigeration system so as to alter its operation in a way to provide cooling at a temperature substantially below its normal refrigeration temperature or to condense the refrigerant of the mechanical system when the system is overloaded or stopped. "By mechanical refrigeration unit or system is meant a system that uses an application of thermodynamics in a cycle in which a refrigerant in liquid form is evaporated to the gas phase at a lower pressure and then recovered for reuse by compression and condensation back to the liquid phase at a higher pressure". Mechanical refrigeration systems in use today in food-freezing plants generally use refrigerants which boil between about -20� F. and about -50� F. at atmospheric pressure, and most operate at a cold side temperature of between about -30� F. and about -40� F. which is frequently achieved by operating at subatmospheric pressure. Such a mechanical refrigeration unit presently in operation can be simply modified to create a lower cold side temperature at its heat-exchange surface, which substantially increases its efficiency of operation and its cooling capacity without physically altering the mechanical refrigeration device itself. A further advantage is that an existing mechanical refrigeration unit can be effectively operated continuously whether or not there is cooling demand, whereas at the present time large compressors are generally run unloaded or with false loads (and thus very inefficiently) during those periods when there is no demand for refrigeration from a freezing tunnel, a cabinet, or the like. By incorporating a slush reservoir into the system, the cooling capability of the mechanical system is shifted, during periods of low or no cooling demand, to assist in the creation of slush that is stored in the holding tank. Consequently, instead of simply wasting electrical power to run large compressor motors continuously while the compressors are unloaded, continuous compressor operation is fully utilized to store refrigeration capacity in the form of CO2 slush during off-peak times.
FIG. 6 illustrates a 3-stage compression, mechanical refrigeration unit 180 of a type which is commercially available and which forms part of the prior art. The illustrated unit is designed to operate using ammonia; however, other refrigerants, e.g, Freon-12 and Freon-22, could be used. The unit 180 includes three liquid-vapor accumulators 182a,b&c. A compressor 184a,b or c draws vapor from one of the accumulators 182, which compressors may be separate stages of a single 3-stage compressor. For example, the valving and sizing of the system may be such as to maintain a vacuum equal to about 10 inches of mercury (i.e., about 10 psia or about 2/3 atm.) within the first accumulator 182a. Operation at partial vacuum conditions reduces the temperature below the boiling point at one atmosphere, and the liquid ammonia is at an equilibrium temperature of about -40� F. in the first accumulator 182a. The first compressor 184a will bubble its discharge into the second accumulator 184b which will contain liquid ammonia and vapor in equilibrium at about -5� F., i.e. at about 22 psia. The second compressor 184b removes vapor from the second accumulator 182b, compresses it and bubbles the compressed vapor through the liquid phase of the third accumulator 182c which may be at a temperature of about 30� F., i.e., about 60 psia. The third compressor 184c removes vapor from the accumulator 182c, and the compressed vapor is liquified in a suitable condenser 186 which may be air or water cooled. The condensed, high-pressure liquid is fed through an expansion valve 188c back to the third accumulator 182c where it flashes to a liquid-vapor mixture. Liquid ammonia is appropriately metered through expansion valves 188b and 188a, respectively, from the third accumulator 182c to the second accumulator 182b and from the second accumulator 182b to the first accumulator 182a where the -40� F. liquid ammonia is in equilibrium with ammonia vapor at about 10 inches of vacuum.
Liquid ammonia is withdrawn from the third accumulator 182a, preferably by a pump 189, and fed through supply lines 190 to achieve low temperature cooling and/or freezing functions in various locations throughout a plant. An overall control system 191 opens remote-controlled valves 192a,b,c,d in the liquid supply lines to supply cold ammonia to a particular unit, e.g., valve 192a in line 190a leading to refrigeration load 194a. In each instance, the vapor would be returned to one or more conduits 196a,b leading back to the accumulator 182a.
Diagrammatically illustrated in FIG. 6 is a refrigeration load 194b in the form of an elevator-type, multiple-plate freezer wherein a plurality of heat-exchange plates 198 are each connected in parallel by flexible tubing to a refrigerant supply line 190b which contains a remote control valve 192b. Likewise, the exits from each of the plates connects to a manifold which leads to a vapor return line 196b, which is connected through a remote-control valve 200 to the accumulator 182a. A plate-type freezer 194b of this type is generally operated so that slightly more liquid ammonia will be provided to each plate than will be vaporized, and accordingly the excess liquid ammonia refrigerant will flow downward in the exit manifold to a lower receptable 202 from which it is withdrawn by a small pump 204 that is operated by a liquid level control. The pump 204 recirculates the liquid ammonia through a line 206 leading to the liquid supply line 190b or through a line 206a which leads back to the accumulator 182a.
A thermally insulated CO2 holding tank 208 is provided which is filled to a desired level with liquid CO2 by a supply conduit 210. CO2 vapor is withdrawn through an upper line 212 by a compressor 214, and the compressed vapor flows through a condenser 216. Cold ammonia, at about -40� F., is circulated through a supply line 190c via a remote-controlled valve 192c to the other side of the condenser 216 where it lowers the temperature of the compressed CO2 vapor and liquifies it. Ammonia vapor from the condenser 216 is returned through the line 196c to the accumulator 182a.
A back pressure regulator 218 in a line 220 connecting the CO2 side of the condenser 216 with the holding tank 208 is set to maintain a pressure of at least about 180 psia so that the vapor condenses to liquid at the cooling temperature that is provided by the evaporating ammonia. The liquid CO2 from the condenser 216 is collected in a sump 217 out of which it is allowed to flow via a valve 219 controlled by a liquid level control. The high pressure liquid CO2 is expanded through a nozzle 222 into the holding tank 208 as a mixture of CO2 vapor and CO2 snow. As the temperature within the holding tank 208 is slowly reduced by this refrigeration that is being provided in the condenser 216, the surface of the liquid reaches the triple point, and thereafter CO2 snow which forms at the nozzle 222 remains in the solid form and gravitates downward in the holding tank to create the slush mixture as described in respect of the earlier embodiments. As a result, a reservoir of CO2 slush is built up in the holding tank 208.
A screen 224 near the bottom of the holding tank 208 provides a solid-free region from which a circulating pump 226 draws cold liquid CO2 which will be at a temperature of about -70� F. This cold liquid CO2 is employed to increase the efficiency of the existing ammonia refrigeration system 180, and its operation is illustrated with respect to the plate-type freezer 194b. A suitable heat-exchange unit 230 is provided which is illustrated as a tube-and-shell heat-exchanger. When it is desired to use the stored refrigeration available in the CO2 slush tank 208 to cool the plate-freezer 194b, the valve 200 in the vapor return line 196b is closed, and a valve 232 in a branch line 234 leading to the heat-exchanger 230 is opened. The circulating pump 226 is actuated to withdraw liquid CO2 from the holding tank and pump it into the lower plenum on the tube side of the heat-exchanger 230 when a valve 236 is opened. The valve 236 operates in response to a signal from a liquid level control 238 that maintains the tubes filled to a desired depth with the -70� F. liquid CO2 from the holding tank 208 which vaporizes therein and returns through the overhead line to the slush tank 208 where it is condensed similar to the vapor returning through the line 106 in FIG. 2.
In the heat-exchanger 230, the vaporous ammonia refrigerant, which enters near the top, is condensed and further cooled to reduce its temperature to between about -60� F. and about -65� F., which is equal to a vacuum of about 20 inches of mercury (i.e., about 1/3 atmosphere absolute). This cold liquid ammonia leaves through a lower exit and flows downward in a line 242 leading to the receptacle 202 from which it is pumped by the pump 204 back into the plate freezer 194b. The receptacle 202 may be sized to contain a sufficient amount of liquid ammonia refrigerant so that the heat-exchanger 230 and the receptacle can be used as a closed system to supply all of the cooling required by the plate freezer 194b. Inasmuch as the ammonia refrigerant being supplied to the plate freezer is now some 20� F. to 25� F. colder than it is during normal operation without the use of the heat-exchanger 230, it is not only capable of reducing the ultimate temperature of the material being frozen but of also increasing the rate at which product can be frozen by the freezer inasmuch as the Δt available for heat removal is substantially larger. Preferably, the mechanical refrigerant is cooled to at least about -50� F.
The triple point of the cryogen should be such as to cool the refrigerant significantly below its condensation temperature at its normal operating conditions in order to obtain the full advantage of the invention although a triple point about 10� F. below the condensation temperature could be used. Thus, the cryogen preferably has a triple point between about -50� F. and about -80� F. When ammonia is the refrigerant, it is preferably cooled to at least about -55� F., and carbon dioxide (triple point -70� F.) is the preferred cryogen for use therewith. Moreover, the ability to condense the refrigerant without the expenditure of major amounts of power (e.g., to drive a compressor) allows operation to continue with minimum power usage during peak electrical power periods when its cost might be at a high rate charge.
In addition to being able to increase the efficiency of an existing plate freezer without altering the basic ammonia refrigeration unit 180, the CO2 reservoir system has the further advantage of being able to eliminate other inherent inefficiencies which heretofore resulted from the common practice of running large compressors continuously on hot-gas recycle, or dampened inlet, rather than shutting them down for short periods of time and starting them up again when needed. In the overall embodiment depicted in FIG. 6, the control system 191 is programmed to detect such a reduction in demand upon the unit 180, as by monitoring the suction pressure to the compressor 184a via a gauge 246. When the suction pressure read by the gauge 246 drops below a predetermined lower limit, the control system 191 starts the CO2 compressor 214, opens a valve 248 and opens the valve 192c to supply "excess" liquid ammonia to the condenser 216 so long as it is not needed elsewhere in the refrigeration plant. If it is desired to have the compressor 214 run generally continuously, an accumulator 250 is provided upstream of the valve 248 in which the compressor can build up a reservoir of high-pressure cryogen vapor so that the valve 248 need only be opened when the valve 192c is opened. When the suction pressure read by the gauge 246 rises above a predetermined upper limit, which is indicative that larger refrigeration loads are now demanding refrigerant elsewhere in the plant, the control system 191 closes the valve 192c and the valve 248. The CO2 compressor 214 may also be shut down, or it may be allowed to pump vapor into an accumulator 250. As a result, the 3-stage compressor 184 can be efficiently operated on a continuous basis thus fully utilizing its potential for creating -40� F. ammonia. Of course, whenever refrigerant is being supplied to the condenser 216, additional slush is being created in the holding tank 208 which in turn stands ready as a reservoir of -70� F. coolant for delivery to the heat-exchanger 230 to produce proportionately colder liquid ammonia. Moreover, if more precise control over the suction pressure is desired, modulating valves 192c and 248 may be used so that the control system 191 can maintain a fairly constant suction pressure.
It should, of course, be understood that the use of such colder ammonia is not limited to a plate freezer. It could be similarly employed to create lower temperatures in an air-blast unit or any other commercially available ammonia refrigeration equipment, or it could be employed to chill products by direct heat-exchange. The discharge from the pump 226 could also be split into parallel loops and fed through several heat-exchangers 230, each of which is connected to a separate cooling or freezing unit. Alternatively, one large heat-exchanger 230 may be used, and the condensate may be pumped by the pump 204 to several different freezing units.
Although the invention has been described with respect to certain preferred embodiments, it should be understood that modifications and changes which would be obvious to one having the ordinary skill in the art may be made without deviating from the scope of the invention which is defined solely by the claims appended hereto. For example, although the removal of liquid CO2 and its circulation is illustrated and is preferably used to effect the direct or indirect cooling, an auxiliary stream of heat-exchange liquid could instead be employed. Particular features of the invention are emphasized in the claims that follow.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Nov 4, 1937
|Jan 21, 1941
|Alvin C Birdsall
|Method for controlling dry ice storage
|Jan 18, 1944
|Jul 23, 1946
|Maclean Norman E
|Refrigerating method and apparatus
|Nov 7, 1946
|Jan 31, 1950
|Cardox Corp
|Method and apparatus for charging vessels with solid carbon dioxide
|Aug 12, 1971
|Jan 29, 1974
|Statham Instrument Inc
|Thermodynamic cycles
|Jun 12, 1972
|May 14, 1974
|Lox Equip
|Method of distributing carbon dioxide
|Feb 4, 1974
|Sep 23, 1975
|Borg Warner
|Air conditioning system utilizing ice slurries
|Apr 23, 1974
|Jan 20, 1976
|Airco, Inc.
|Distributing a carbon dioxide slurry
|May 12, 1975
|Nov 30, 1976
|Messer Griesheim Gmbh
|Process for cooling by means of a cryogen slush
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Dec 8, 1983
|Apr 9, 1985
|Chicago Bridge & Iron Company
|Apparatus and method of cooling using stored ice slurry
|Feb 4, 1987
|Aug 23, 1988
|Cbi Research Corporation
|Power plant using CO2 as a working fluid
|Oct 25, 1990
|Jun 16, 1992
|Liquid Carbonic Corporation
|Refrigeration apparatus and method of refrigeration
|Jun 23, 1988
|Jan 12, 1993
|Pub-Gas International Pty. Ltd.
|Storage and transportation of liquid co2
|Apr 20, 1992
|Jun 22, 1993
|Air Products And Chemicals, Inc.
|Method and apparatus for maintenance of slush mixture at desired level during melt conditions
|Oct 12, 1994
|Apr 16, 1996
|Consolidated Natural Gas Service Company, Inc.
|Method and apparatus for condensing fugitive methane vapors
|Nov 15, 1996
|Feb 10, 1998
|Frigoscandia Equipment Ab
|Refrigeration system
|Jun 20, 1998
|Dec 28, 1999
|Tyree, Jr.; Lewis
|Very low NPSH cryogenic pump and mobile LNG station
|Nov 2, 1999
|Jul 17, 2001
|Lewis Tyree, Jr.
|Combination low temperature liquid or slush carbon dioxide ground support system
|Jun 28, 2000
|Dec 11, 2001
|Praxair Technology, Inc.
|Food freezing method using a multicomponent refrigerant
|Sep 25, 2000
|Apr 9, 2002
|Lewis Tyree, Jr.
|Hybrid low temperature liquid carbon dioxide ground support system
|Apr 11, 2001
|Feb 11, 2003
|Fmc Corporation
|Two-stage refrigeration system
|Jun 4, 2002
|Aug 26, 2003
|Thermo King Corporation
|Control method for a self-powered cryogen based refrigeration system
|Jul 1, 2002
|Oct 14, 2003
|Thermo King Corporation
|Cryogenic temperature control apparatus and method
|Jul 30, 2002
|Feb 24, 2004
|Thermo King Corporation
|Method and apparatus for moving air through a heat exchanger
|Jun 27, 2002
|Mar 2, 2004
|Thermo King Corporation
|Cryogenic temperature control apparatus and method
|Mar 27, 2002
|Jun 1, 2004
|The Penray Companies, Inc.
|Temperature control system using aqueous 1,3-propanediol solution
|May 22, 2002
|Jun 22, 2004
|Thermo King Corporation
|Hybrid temperature control system
|May 2, 2003
|May 24, 2005
|Thermo King Corporation
|Environmentally friendly method and apparatus for cooling a temperature controlled space
|Oct 12, 2004
|Nov 7, 2006
|Linde Aktiengesellschaft
|Tank cooling system and method for cryogenic liquids
|Apr 28, 2009
|Sep 18, 2012
|Mayekawa Mfg. Co., Ltd.
|Refrigerant circulating pump, refrigerant circulating pump system, method of pumping refrigerant, and rankine cycle system
|May 2, 2003
|Nov 4, 2004
|Thermo King Corporation
|Environmentally friendly method and apparatus for cooling a temperature controlled space
|Oct 12, 2004
|Jun 23, 2005
|Linde Aktiengesellschaft
|Tank cooling system and method for cryogenic liquids
|Apr 28, 2009
|Nov 12, 2009
|The Doshisha
|Refrigerant circulating pump, refrigerant circulating pump system, method of pumping refrigerant, and rankine cycle system
|Apr 18, 1997
|Jul 9, 1998
|Linde Ag
|High pressure gas supply plant with collector container
|Oct 21, 1997
|Nov 3, 1999
|State of Israel
|A method for cryopreservation of biological samples
|Aug 23, 2005
|Mar 2, 2006
|A method and a cooling system in which a refrigerant is used as a cooling agent and as a defrosting agent
|Aug 20, 2010
|Feb 24, 2011
|Ralph Johanson
|System and method for accumulating pressurized liquefied gases
|U.S. Classification
|62/54.1, 62/332, 62/168
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Feb 4, 1985
Owner name: LIQUID CARBONIC CORPORATION, 135 SOUTH LASALLE STR
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:TYREE, LEWIS JR.;REEL/FRAME:004363/0888
Effective date: 19850128
|May 26, 1987
Owner name: CBI RESEARCH CORPORATION, A CORP OF DE.
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:LIQUID CARBONIC CORPORATION, A CORP OF DE.;REEL/FRAME:004708/0800
Effective date: 19870515


text:
La Chaumiere Hotel Et Restaurant
No prices found through our partners. Please contact the business directly or check some of our recommended alternatives.
- Breakfast Available
- Wireless internet connection in room (free)
- Room service
- Wireless internet connection in public areas
- Non-smoking rooms
- Outdoor pool
TripAdvisor Reviews La Chaumiere Hotel Et Restaurant St-Jean-de-Monts
Travel Blogs from St-Jean-de-Monts
Canoe and Tennis, and shooting stars.....
Not an early start today, we were all really tired last night and so we don't hear a mouse until 9am, but then seeing as we can only have one device on the web at any one time, it's a rush to get on line, Ollie does though normally win that battle. After breakfast, the children go to the pool for a bit and we book up a session on the canoe's at Talmont St-Hilare, it's an interesting place as we go ...
Multi sports today..........and I am the champion!
... the river, you could see this morning sea mist sitting over the river, very atmospheric. Back home and all in, that was a 9km round trip and a lovely start to the day. We have a breakfast, coffee, croissants, cereal and jam, then get some sandwiches made up and off we go on the bikes this time, back to the Plage du villion it's a pretty beach, with a steep top portion to the beach, then it shelves out quite shallow for a long way out. ...
First days expedition
After a really good night's sleep we find the shop on the site and get some breakfast there of croissants and bread and start to get ourselves ready to go. Their is a little info kiosk on the site and he hires the Mittons two extra bikes, and gives us instructions to cycle to Sable, off we go. The cycle path follows the road and it's along a cycle path so nice and safe and follows such a pretty route, we have to stop as Heather ...
Drive down to Talmont
... arrived at the Yelloh campsite at 4pm, booked in easy enough and found our lodge. It's in a wooded area with pine trees overhead, we have two bed rooms, a lounge and kitchen area a nice deck outside too with a table on it. Richard and Julie arrive shortly afterwards and take up their lodge right behind us, their's is slightly bigger than ours and is christened the main house, we are ...
Bloody long way!!
... the way here, you gotta go back again!!!!! It wasn't as bad as I expected except we got behind a hugggggge queue on one of the narrow paths, couldn't overtake it was like the M25 on a Friday night, all we could do was stay in our lane and ride it out!!! eventually they turned left n we turned right, phew.... And we were off again, I'm not saying we are the fastest of riders but seriously, how slow can people go!!!! After ...

subset: commoncrawl


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Best Books to Give for Mother's Day
Best Books to Give for Mother's Day from Overstock.com. If your mom is a bookworm, use these tips to find her a literary Mother's Day gift.
One simple idea can set you free: Don't take on a problem if it isn't yours! One of the most liberating books in the extraordinary One Minute Manager Library teaches managers an unforgettable lesson: how to have time to do what they want and need to do. The authors tell why managers who accept every problem given them by their staffs become hopeless bottlenecks. With a vivid, humorous, and too-familar scenario they show a manager loaded down by all the monkeys that have jumped from their rightful owners onto his back. Then step by step they show how managers can free themselves from doing everyone else's job and ensure that every problem is handled by the proper staff person. By using Oncken's Four Rules of Monkey Management managers will learn to become effective supervisors of time, energy, and talent -- especially their own.
If you have ever wondered why you are in the office on the weekends and your staff is on the golf course, The One Minute Manager Meets the Monkey is for youit's priceless!
|8 in. H x 6 in. W x 1 in. D
|BUSINESS & ECONOMICS / Management Science
|Publisher Date
|1989-11-01 00:00:00.0
|William Morrow & Co
|Copyright Year
|8.75 in
|5.75 in
|0.75 in
|Unit weight
|0.75 lb
|Blanchard, Kenneth H.
Best Books to Give for Mother's Day from Overstock.com. If your mom is a bookworm, use these tips to find her a literary Mother's Day gift.
Twilight: Beyond the Novels from Overstock.com. Our guides provide customers with information about Twilight, the novel and advice about our many brand-name products.
Pulitzer Prize Literature Guide from Overstock.com. Looking for something to read? Here is a list of notable Pulitzer Prize-winning books.
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10 Fun Facts about Disney from Overstock.com. Disney has a long, exciting history, and here are some fun and lesser known facts.
We don't care if you're a Padawan, a full-fledged Jedi, or even if you've joined the Dark Side. Join us in celebrating Star Wars Day with these products dedicated to your favorite characters. And may the fourth -- and the force -- be with you.
Tips on Selecting the Perfect Entertainment Gift from Overstock.com. Our guides provide customers with tips on selecting the perfect entertainment gift and advice about our many brand-name products.
"It's not just gay marriage, to us it is marriage. Whether it's gay, straight, lesbian, or anything in between, every person should have the right to marry whomever they want and to be happy."
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** Most Oversize orders are delivered within 1-4 weeks. Some orders may take 6 weeks to be delivered.


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- Ethics Home Page
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Mar 8, 2013
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Should Santa Clara University Adopt an Academic Honor Code: A National Expert Speaks on Campus
Professor Gary Pavela, Director of Academic Integrity, Syracuse University. Professor Gary Pavela has worked with major universities in the United States as such campuses have gone from not having an academic honor code to having one. He will be speaking about how SCU can adopt an honor code; what kind of code may make the most sense to adopt; and how to address such concerns related to honor codes like the academic freedom of faculty; faculty worries about time spent involved in cumbersome disciplinary procedures; and faculty worries over reporting requirements.
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Staff comment on the papal visit
- Can We Expect Ethical Behavior From our Leaders?
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- Gifts, Conflicts of Interest, Public Records
Brief case studies raise issues in government ethics.
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A talk by Pizza My Heart President Chuck Hammers, Oct. 14
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- Character Education Director Receives President's Award
Johnson gets special recognition Innovations in Catholic Education
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text:
Construction and Engineering
Company Overview of Eaton Towers Limited
Executive Profile
Terence Edward Rhodes
Co-founder and Director, Eaton Towers Limited
|Total Calculated Compensation
|This person is connected to 6 Board Members in 6 different organizations across 6 different industries.
See Board Relationships
Mr. Terence Edward Rhodes, also known as Terry, is a Co-Founder of Celtel International B.V. and serves as its Chief Strategy Officer. Mr. Rhodes led the mobile telephony roll-out in Africa at Celtel International. He has worked with Cable & Wireless Communications Plc; Telefónica Europe Plc and Telefónica O2 Europe Plc. He co-founded Eaton Towers Limited(also known as Eaton Telecom Infrastructure Limited) in 2008. Mr. Rhodes is also an occasional lecturer at London ...
Corporate Headquarters
3rd FloorPhone: 44 20 7467 3945
London, Greater London W1W 8DF
United Kingdom
Fax: 44 20 7467 3946
Board Members Memberships
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by Willard, Nancy
Publisher:Cowley Publications
Willard writes of growing up and family life; of the spiritual and the everyday; of fantasy and reality and the visible and the unseen and how they come together. The creator of luminous worlds built upon exquisite words, Willard enriches and entertains readers, inviting us, through the power of her imagination, to revel in our own.
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Drawing a New Path to God (Portable Edition)Praying in color can take as little or as much time as you have or want to commit, from 15 minutes to a weekend retreat. "A new prayer form gives God an invitation and a new door to penetrate the locked cells of our hearts and minds," explains MacBeth. "For many of us, using only words to pray reduces God by the limits of our finite words." Maybe you hunger to know God better. Maybe you love color
Confessions and Practices of an Advent, Christmas & Epiphany ExtremistSybil MacBeth writes that Advent and Epiphany are the often-neglected parentheses around Christmas. And they deserve more attention and better publicity. This Season of the Nativity sets the stage the liturgical year, our yearlong journey through Scripture and salvation history. Sybil MacBeth's memoir, front-porch theology, and pages of practices and activities invite individuals and families to
Praying in Black and White: A Hands-on Practice for MenMen bring distinctive gifts - and challenges - to the spiritual enterprise of prayer. Praying in Black and White honors the unique wiring of men and offers a simple, concrete approach to prayer. With a pen and a piece of paper, men are free to bring their skepticism, task-orientation, self-sufficiency, and independence into a new connection with God.
Writing to God: 40 Days of Praying with My Pen
40 Days of Praying with My Pen"Hackenberg's words have a heartbeat---sometimes they are beautiful and otherworldly; other time they are simple and earthy. When I read her prayers, I'm sure I have just prayed. But she wants me to take up my pen and pray. With a prayer, a Scripture passage, and a task, she gives me a personal invitation and permission to enter the incarnational practice of writing my words to God." - Sybil
Understanding Your Potential Expanded EditionUsing the original words of Smith Wigglesworth edited in simple, easy-to-grasp nuggets - Smith Wigglesworth on Prayer, Power, and Miracles will inspire, motivate and shed insight on the topic of prayer. You will be intrigued to find fresh material that hasn't been available since the 1920s.
Wild at Heart: A Band of Brothers Small Group Participant's Guide
A Band of Brothers Small Group Participant's GuideEmbark on the life-changing adventure that is Wild at Heart. Existing fans and those new to John Eldredge's Wild at Heart lessons will benefit from his new A Band of Brothers Small Group DVD series. This Participant's Guide follows the eight 30-minute episodes, providing additional information and discussion questions designed to help small groups grow spiritually and bond with one another.
$12.99Advice and examples help you find your own prayer style Discover how prayer works and why you need it now more than ever Do you want to pray, but you're not sure how? This friendly guide explains the different kinds of prayer - revealing how and why to pray and how to discern God's answers. You'll see how to overcome hindrances, how to use a journal, and how to pray on your own. Discover what
A Unique Question and Answer Book: The Story of You and GodIt's All About You.Open this book to any page and take a new look at you, where you've been on your spiritual journey, and where you're going. Out loud, in private, in order, or backwards all the way, this book of questions will have you laughing, praying, thinking, and maybe asking a question or two yourself. It's a creative and revealing way to get to know God–and you–better than ever. So go
Spiritual Nuggets for Daily ConfessionIn our society many chicken and fish nuggets are eaten, but they only nourish the physical body. With all the challenges we are confronted with, our spirits must be kept properly nourished. Therefore, you are welcome to partake of these Spiritual Nuggets for daily nourishment. Keep positive confessions ever before you because "Death and life are in the power of the tongue". (Proverbs 18:21)
Thirty-One Prayers For My HusbandPrayer is one of the most essential parts of our walk with God. It is the gift God gave us to be able to have direct access to His throne room and communicate with Him. This book of 31 prayers is purposed to encourage and guide you as you pray for specific aspects of your husband's life. If you have been blessed by Power of a Praying Wife by Stormie Omartian, you will also be inspired by 31
Everyday Matters Bible Studies for Women—PrayerThis Bible study guide leads women through the spiritual practice of Prayer. It includes 4 separate Bible studies on this topic, and each study includes: Meditation on selected scripture focusing on a facet of the practice; Sidebars that feature quotes, insights, or challenges; Discussion questions; Points to Ponder; Prayer; Exercise for the week; Takeaway Treasure; Leader's Guide. This Bible


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740 E. Ventura Boulevard,
(805) 445-8520
Members of the military, veterans and their families can show their IDs at the on-site Information Center all year long to receive a free VIP Coupon Book. Plus, join the VIP Shopper Club for free access to exclusive online coupons.
Mission Pink - Support & Save
We're teaming up with Susan G. Komen to support breast cancer awareness, research, and treatment programs in the community. During the month of October, visit Simon Guest Services to donate $10 to support the cause and receive 25% off one item from select stores. Donations will be accepted on-site only in via cash or credit, with contributions benefiting Susan G. Komen for the cure.


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Letter: Don't be duped
Earle O. Sanborn, Naples
Don't be duped
No one likes being duped or swindled because it hurts our pride, vanity and bank accounts.
The Bernie Madoff Ponzi scheme duped the world's renowned banks, erudite pension fund managers, sophisticated billionaire investors and many others up and down the financial spectrum.
The common elements were greed and the self-assuredness that their nonsense detectors were up and running, despite all the warning signs, including too consistent returns over several decades.
In like manner, this administration has fooled many into thinking everything is fine, even though there are signs to the contrary. The history and founding of our nation has been mocked and ridiculed, the irrational aversion to carbon-based fuels has decimated whole industries; the fostering of the entitlement mentality threatens our economic survival; and race, gender and economic lines are deeper than ever.
The latest deception — the Libyan massacre — was due to an Internet movie. You bought that line? This administration is smart and wily. They had to cool off the nation from an immediate cry for revenge, just as the anger of a betrayed husband or wife has to be cooled upon learning of their spouse's infidelity. Not the same effect 10 to 12 days later.
I'm asking you to put aside your pride and vanity for the good of the country. You have and are being swindled and duped like the people in the "The King Has No Clothes."
Unlike the Madoff victims, you have a way out and can right the ship this November.
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Living Righteously in the Holy Land
At Christian Websites, we don't have all the answers but we can certainly direct you to the websites of the best businesses in town. A righteous life starts with the neighbors you keep and the business you patronize. We strive to set you on the brightest of paths.
Back up and loving our new location
So today is just going to be a quick check-in and a few businesses you should check out in the area because we are still unpacking but there's a lot to cover so let's jump right into it.
Southern California has been very good to our perish between the sunshine and beaches, our parishoners have never been happier and prosperity is all around us. We certainly have found our share of shifty eyed tradesmen and skimpy sauced restaurants but for the most part – we seem to be blessed with bright, helpful people with burgeoning businesses that bloom at the sight of new connections.
1st up this week is a studio offering babysitting and yoga in tustin. The owner is a wonderful woman who is passionate about what she does and hires only top notch instructors to help teach her classes. Best of all they offer babysitting so parents looking to get their lives back in balance can bring the little ones along. There are even yoga classes specifically for kids. Be sure to check Yoga2 out on facebook and yelp as well.
2nd is our long time favorite real estate agent in town. She and her team never cease to go the extra mile to make the home buying process that much more enjoyable. It helps that they have the most beautiful inventory in the world to work with. From homes in Aliso Viejo down to property in Laguna Hills and everywhere in between, you could not pick a more bless'd land to settle.
Our final favorite business this week is a new salon offering beauty supplies in Costa Mesa. Thanks to Stacy the oldest beauty salon in Newport/Costa Mesa -formerly Bod- is back up and running. They are undergoing very ambitious renovations to make for a beautiful grand opening later this October. They have quite a few hard to find beauty supplies at prices better than any of the department stores at Fashion Island or South Coast. Beyond just supplies they also have several salon stations and hair supply products to get you looking and feeling top of your game. Do Not miss their grand opening later this month!
That's all for your local reviews this week. Be sure to take shake these folks hands and know that you are in good company. Have a blessed week!


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According to the SANS Institute, the number of mobile devices in use at many corporations is starting to overtake the number of fixed desktop PCs and laptops. Jared Hansen, CEO and founder of Breezy, the secure mobile printing leader, says that the budget for mobile security seldom keeps pace with the rapid growth in the number of mobile devices in the workspace.Read More
Tags: BYOD, mobile app security,, employee behavior and mobile security, 2015 Internet Trends Report, Mary Meeker
Questions for CIOs & IT managers: Do you like your MDM or EMM solution? Do your executives and average employees like it? Or do they feel as if the solution you've deployed limits their choices, or makes day-to-day productivity harder?Read More
Tags: MDM, BYOD, enterprise mobility, EMM, BYOD planning, COPE mobile device management
A recent Texas case holds several simple but important lessons for implementing BYOD (mobile) policies for employers and employees alike. In Rajaee v Design Tech Homes et al., (Dist. Court, SD Texas, 2014), Saman Rajaee sued his employer, Design Tech Homes, for remote wiping personal data from his iPhone shortly after Rajaee gave notice of resignation. Rajaee cited violations of both federal and state law. Although the case was dismissed in federal court, the state court claims are still pending.Read More
Tags: CFAA, MobileIron, BYOD, privacy, BYOD planning
It's hardly news to CIOs and other IT professionals that smartphones are an integral part of everyday life for most working adults. But it was still a bit of a shock when Yahoo CEO Marissa Mayer stood up at the 2014 World Economic Forum in Davos to cite research that the average person now checks their smartphone a staggering 150 times a day.
Shortly thereafter, Salesforce CEO Marc Benioff showed the FitBit device he said had helped him lose 30 pounds, and noted that "I lost 30 pounds wearing the Fitbit; I do 10,000 steps a day. But here's the amazing thing: Last week I got a call from Michael Dell. He asked if I'm feeling okay. 'Why?' I asked him. 'I'm worried about you,' he said, 'because I'm your friend on the Fitbit network and noticed you hadn't worked out in the last 3 days and wanted to make sure you're okay,' said Benioff.Read More
Tags: BYOD, mobile device security,, wearables, wearable security
According to the Darkreading security blog, 2014 was a year when IT got BYOD wrong. In an article based on the results from a Bitdefender survey Darkreading said the numbers prove that we're doing BYOD wrong.Read More
Tags: secure mobile printing, IT security, BYOD, mobile device security,, IT security planning
In a recent guest post on the Business2Community website, Absolute Software VP Stephen Midgley wrote that while mobile devices have created a productive work environment where nearly everything is instant, collaborative and shareable, employees are also putting valuable company data at risk by "getting up to mischief."Read More
Tags: BYOD, data security, mobile device security,
Everyone in IT knows about BYOD – bring your own (mobile) device. But does your company have a policy and procedure in place to deal with BYOA? Employee use of third-party cloud application services and consumer applications in the workplace is one of the biggest challenges facing IT right now.
According to a recent report from Gartner, this is trend represents such a challenge because more than 75% of mobile apps fail basic security tests. Employees download from app stores and use mobile apps that can access enterprise assets or perform business functions, and many of these apps have little or no security assurances. Well-meaning employees can easily expose themselves to cyberattacks and violations of enterprise security policies.Read More
Tags: secure mobile printing, BYOD, enterprise mobility, EMM, mobile app development, mobile apps, BYOA,, mobile app security,, mobild device security,
IDC says that 1.2 billion workers were using mobile devices at the end of 2013. If there was a battle about whether or not mobile devices were welcome in the workplace, the war is over and users won. In fact, IDC says that the adoption of mobile technology is moving at unprecedented speeds, putting the needs and experience of end users at the forefront of any company's mobile enterprise strategy.Read More
Tags: mobile security, mobile device management, BYOD, Gartner, Radicati,, IDC
Are employees more productive using their own smartphone or tablet as part of a BYOD program? That's long been a tricky question for CIOs, but CIO.com staff writer Tom Kaneshige answered the question in an article published over the weekend.
Quoting from a survey by BMC Software, Kaneshige says that the average BYOD-carrying employee works an extra two hours and sends 20 more emails every day. One out of three BYOD employees checks work email before the official start of their work day, between 6 a.m. and 7 a.m. Three out of four IT managers claim, "BYOD is a big productivity boost."Read More
Tags: BYOD
Is your EMM solution complete? It's not a question most IT managers really think much about. After all, enterprise mobility management (EMM) is defined as an all-encompassing approach to securing and enabling business workers' use of smartphones and tablets.
A strong EMM strategy will also help mobile end users work more productively by providing them new tools to do their jobs on smartphones and tablets. Enterprise app stores or other application delivery and deployment technologies are common components of EMM, as are identity management systems to control user access to these new tools.Read More
Tags: secure mobile printing, on-device encryption, BYOD, enterprise mobility, EMM


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Select Local Merchants
Pyzanos Lounge and GrillRead MoreGrab a seat and dig in! Pyzanos Lounge and Grill in Beaverton offers tasty eats everyone will enjoy. Pyzanos Lounge and Grill is serving up healthy meals packed with flavor. Round out your meal with a little tipple — Pyzanos Lounge and Grill has a terrific drink list, including beer, wine, and more. Little guys and gals will also love dining at Pyzanos Lounge and Grill, which offers a family-friendly environment (and menu). Home to one of the happiest happy hours, pop in after work for great drinks and good company. Wifi here is on the house. Seating is readily available at Pyzanos Lounge and Grill for those with large parties. Dance the night away — the restaurant offers plenty of space to get down. Noise levels at the restaurant can be ear-piercing, so save the't te- -t tes for another night. The restaurant can get thronged with crowds on Fridays and Saturdays, so book your table ahead of time through their reservation system. Diners who appreciate a no-frills environment come to Pyzanos Lounge and Grill in jeans and a hoodie. For the tastes of Pyzanos Lounge and Grill from the comfort of your next party, the restaurant also offers catering services. You can also grab your food to go. Pyzanos Lounge and Grill provides easy access to an adjacent lot. You won't get sticker shock from your bill at Pyzanos Lounge and Grill — prices are usually less than $15. The menu at Pyzanos Lounge and Grill includes breakfast, lunch, and dinner — stop by for your favorite meal.20255 SW Tualatin Valley HwyBeaverton, OR US
Platinum Salon and Day SpaRead MoreReservations/Appointments: Recommended Handicap Accessible: Yes Staff Size: 11–25 people Parking: Parking lot Most popular service: Hair cuts and color, waxing, facials Brands Used: Satin Smooth acai berry hard wax and Satin Smooth soft wax Q&A with Rebeka, Aesthetician The interior of a business can affect how its customers feel. What kind of decor do you use to help make your clients feel pampered and at ease? We are a classy and clean, up scale full service salon. We play relaxing music in the treatment rooms, and offer complimentary beverages. What is the best reaction you've ever gotten from a client? I take a lot of time and care to connect with each client and relate to them on a personal level. I often receive a hug at the end of the service, just because they are so happy that they were able to feel so at ease and comfortable with me and the service. What steps do you take to make your clients feel at ease? My number one priority is for my client to feel completely comfortable and at ease with me performing their service. I take my time to answer any questions and to explain the service to the client. Is there anything else you want to add that we didn't cover? This is a full service salon that can accommodate any needs you may have.18879 SW Tualatin Valley HwyBeaverton, OR US
The Murder Mystery CompanyRead MoreIt's not every day that a dinner with friends risks a murder accusation. That's a good possibility for the guests of The Murder Mystery Company, who find themselves in the middle of a investigation for which any one of them could stand accused by a hapless detective. During each interactive dinner, the company's troupe of professional improv actors ignites the dining room with entertaining outbursts and hilarious one-liners in an effort to divulge clues and redirect guilt. Meanwhile, guests work together to sniff out the real culprit, which is definitely not the school janitor in a mask. Birthday parties, bachelorette celebrations, and corporate events can also get in on the interactive action by scheduling a private murder-mystery dinner. Groupon Guide What to Expect at a Murder-Mystery Show Learn how to play along and how to look for clues. Lesson one: everyone's a suspect.4805 SW 229th AveAloha, OR US
U.S. World Class Taekwondo AssociationRead MoreWhat services does your business offer and what makes your business stand out from the competition? This event benefits Birch Community Services. Birch Community Services provide a community where people can be responsible and accountable for meeting their basic needs, and to equip them with tools to overcome financial difficulty. What's one tip for first-time students that will make them feel like veterans? Wear comfortable running shoes! Our professional staff and volunteer team will guide you through the course. This is the perfect event for first-timers and children. What was the inspiration to start or run this business? We wanted to bring a 5K and a Children's 1K to East County. This is currently one of the few events of this nature in the area and it is the first run of the season! What do you love most about your job? It's not a job - it's a passion!17455 SW Farmington Rd.Aloha, OR US
Monkey's SubsRead MoreA culinary gem, Monkey's Subs in Beaverton is a popular spot for fabulous subs and tasty sandwiches. It's an ideal choice for customers interested in great food. Thanks to its outdoor seating, the restaurant is a fantastic option when the Cascadian weather cooperates. There's no particular required attire, so feel free to dress comfortably. Also, though the prices are considered to be lower than average, you aren't going to sacrifice any quality. In fact, you should be able to enjoy a good meal for $11 or $12, and can probably get in and out for $8 if you try. If you need food provided for a local event, take advantage of its catering options. A highly-regarded spot for lunch, Monkey's Subs is always a good choice to quell that next munchies craving. Don't worry about trying to find a spot on the street, as visitors to the restaurant do have access to a private parking lot nearby. Would you rather pedal your way there? Bike parking is also provided.6087 SW 185th AveBeaverton, OR US
Coffee StationRead MoreIt's the perfect time to visit Coffee Station, an acclaimed restaurant in Aloha. Whether you are heading there for the excellent quality, helpful service, or both, you will always leave this restaurant impressed. Though the prices are considered to be lower than average, you aren't going to sacrifice any quality. In fact, you should be able to enjoy a good meal for $11 or $12, and can probably get in and out for $8 if you try. Most local parents will tell you that it's a good place to bring the kids, as well. WiFi is available if you want to get some work done, and if you're in a hurry, you can call ahead and take advantage of the convenient take-out offerings. A staple in the community for nearly two decades, Coffee Station is an appetizing spot to satisfy that next munchies craving. Don't worry about trying to find a spot on the street, as visitors to the restaurant do have access to a private parking lot nearby.17691 SW Farmington RdAloha, OR US


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