text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|26 Nov 1996
|Filing date
|7 Jun 1995
|Priority date
|17 Feb 1995
|Fee status
|Publication number
|James M. Seymour
|Original Assignee
|Bellsouth Corporation
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (29), Non-Patent Citations (2), Referenced by (95), Classifications (15), Legal Events (6)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This is a continuation of application Ser. No. 08/198,142 filed on Feb. 17, 1995, now abandoned.
This invention relates to processes and devices for data communications in intelligent telecommunications networks.
Common channel signalling systems such as Signalling System 7 are engendering various sophisticated services for telecommunications subscribers. These new services arise primarily out of these networks' ability to transport out-of-band trunk signaling and database messages separately from the customer voice or data messages that are transported over the telecommunications network.
Intelligent networks which permit even further management and control enhance the potential of these signalling networks. Such intelligent networks afford more efficient specification or modification of tasks such as call routing and services such as performing calling card checks, call screening and identifying callers. They also advantageously and significantly allow real time creation and modification of customized features and services desired by particular subscribers. An example is Personal Number Calling, in which a person may request that she or he be reached at one location for particular times of the day and at another location for other times, all using the same telephone number, but subject to change immediately.
Intelligent networks are well suited to address these new additional demands flexibly, efficiently and reliably. Information relating to the status of services and features desired by subscribers may be maintained in intelligent Network Elements ("NE's") such as conventional Advanced Intelligent Network ("AIN") Service Control Points ("SCP's"), Service Nodes ("SN's"), Intelligent Peripherals ("IP's") or other intelligent network elements which are available for query by central offices, switches and similar elements of the switching network. Changes or updates to that information from network growth, the network itself, new subscribers, new services, a particular service, the desires of a particular subscriber, and any other additions, deletions or updates can be disseminated to the Network Elements from a centralized management system. Such management systems are conventionally known as Operations Support Systems ("OSS's") or Service Management Systems ("SMS's"). An OSS user may specify these sorts of changes on, for instance, a provisioning interface, at which point the OSS automatically and in a coordinated and reliable fashion effects all necessary modifications in data stored in various Network Elements throughout the intelligent network.
Conventional processes for managing data in Network Elements via the Operations Support System require the Operations Support System user to be confronted with detailed, low level representation of the data stored in the Network Elements in order to operate on that data and make necessary changes and updates. This awkwardness arises primarily because conventional Operations Support System provisioning interface displays typically correspond very closely to actual Network Element data so that the user must be acquainted with multiple equipment and data configurations in order to make changes reliably.
Conventional nonmodular processes also make it difficult to ensure that the Operations Support System is compatible with multiple Network Element and component types, configurations and protocols. Conventional processes often Situate the functionality for compliance with network interface protocol in the programs that support various services ("Client Programs"), so that changes in interface protocol, for instance, require changes in each such program. Program complexity, instability and unreliability can be the consequences.
Conventional intelligent network processes are also ripe for management of Requests to various Network Elements generated by Client Programs. Often, the Client Programs are left to compete with one another over the various network interfaces for priority on the network, with inadequate or no queuing, synchronization, prioritization or facility for manual or rules-based control.
The present invention improves the speed, performance, and reliability of intelligent networks of any type in a number of related ways. First, intelligent networks according to the present invention represent data stored in a Network Element via models which may be transformed in the Operations Support System to give the user a service-oriented view of Network Element data and configuration and thus allow the user to manage these in a more intuitive, efficient and reliable fashion.
The networks also employ these models to create changes in Network Element data by transforming the service-oriented models into images which may be interpreted by the Network Element Interfaces in accordance with network protocol to correspond to models in the Network Elements which in turn correspond to their internal data and configuration and thus effect the data changes. Accordingly, Client Programs are no longer affected by changes in low-level procedures or the details of network configuration. Moreover, deployment options, time dependent state of the network, transient state variables and error recovery issues may be addressed in the Network Element Interface as they interpret these images without involving the higher level programs.
The networks also preferably include a Network Element Interface Server to communicate with the Client Programs and information models in the OSS, to queue and prioritize communication requests generated by the Client Programs, to synchronize data flow, and otherwise to increase the efficiency of the network.
It is accordingly an object of the present invention to partition the intelligent network in a fashion that permits low and high level procedures to be modularized so that status changes at one procedure level may be accommodated independently of other, higher or lower level components or programs for increased flexibility, efficiency and reliability.
It is another object of the present invention to provide processes and devices for modelling information stored in Network Elements in order to increase flexibility, efficiency and reliability of network performance.
It is an additional object of the present invention to provide Operations Support Systems users a service-oriented display of services in order to render management of data quicker, more intuitive, and less prone to error.
It is an additional object of the present invention to provide processes and devices which flexibly and efficiently accommodate changes to the Service Management System, Network Elements, equipment, programming, data, protocols or requirements.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide processes and devices which allow queuing and prioritizing of Requests from Operations Support Systems Client Programs to Network Elements in order to synchronize data and otherwise enhance intelligent network performance.
Other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent with respect to the remainder of this document.
FIG. 1 is a high-level representation of Information Models of networks according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a high-level representation of conventional intelligent network interface architecture.
FIG. 3 is a high-level representation of intelligent network interface architecture according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic representation of data conversion processes according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a schematic representation of data management and conversion processes according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a high-level representation of Network Element Interface Server structure with examples of Network Element Configurations according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a high-level representation of a Request structure for a Network Element Interface Server according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 8 is a high-level representation of the structure of a Network Element Image according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 1 is a high level representation of information models of an intelligent network 10 according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. Network 10 in the present embodiment is an Advanced Intelligent Network, but it need not be so limited. Network 10 may include one or more Network Elements 12 such as Service Control Points or Signal Nodes as supplied by conventional suppliers. Network Elements 12 may be linked via packet switching or as otherwise desired and using a predetermined set of protocols such as those conventionally known collectively as "SMS/NE Interface Protocol" ("SIP") as defined in "AT&T/BellSouth Interim SMS/NE Interface Requirements Definition and Specification - - - Phase 2," Document Number 237-729-650BT dated Jun. 11, 1993 and updates thereto. Other protocols may just as easily be employed. The Network Elements 12 are also linked via the network to an Operations Support System or Services Management System 14 which enables a number of users to manage Network 10 via, for instance, a number of provisioning interfaces or user views 16.
At a very abstract level, a primary purpose of SMS 14 is to convert the data that it stores, of whatever type or structure which may be necessary or relevant to operation or management of network 10 (such data referred to collectively hereinbelow sometimes as an "SMS Information Model 18"), into data that a Network Element 12 can use to provide a service to a subscriber. Such services may include, for instance, caller identification, personal number calling, area number calling, and an unlimited range of standard or customized services that the market may desire or demand in the future.
SMS Information Model 18 thus represents the Service Management System version of data which must be sent to (or received) from a Network Element 12. The Network Element Information Model 20 represents the data required by a particular Network Element 12 such as that shown in FIG. 1. The Service Management System 14 employs the SIP to build the data structures of the NE Information model. The SMS User View 16 is an abstract representation of an intelligent network service based upon the SMS Information Model 18.
Numerous Client Programs 22 as represented schematically in FIG. 2 in Service Management System 14 manage different aspects of the SMS Information Model 18 and typically must communicate with many different Network Elements 12 and Network Element types. As shown schematically in FIG. 2, one conventional architecture is to allow Client Programs 22 to communicate over network 10 to Network Elements 12 by embedding SIP Functionality ("SIPF") into the Client Programs 22. The programs thus more directly transfer information to and from the Network Elements 12 through a Services Management System/Network Element Interface 24 (which in conventional fashion connects each of a number of channels to a corresponding Network Element 12 across the network 10). That is, the SIP Functionality is substantially distributed among SMS Client Programs 22. FIG. 2 shows the logical relationship between Client Program 22 classes (each representing any number of Client Programs 22) and the Network Elements 12.
This conventional distributed SIPF architecture creates a number of problems. First, and in general, the closer or more directly a Client Program must accommodate a protocol such as SIP, the more complexity required. Programs are often fragile in that upgrades and changes tend to break functionality and introduce subtle problems. Second, not all Network Elements "speak the same version" of SIP, thus requiring each Client Program 22 to maintain complex SIPF modules which escalate development and maintenance time, effort and expense. Third, each time a new version of SIP is added, all Client Programs 22 using it must be modified and tested. Fourth, such architecture renders it difficult to coordinate message traffic on a particular SMS/NE Interface 24. Numerous Client Programs 22 require access to a Network Element 22 and usually feature at least several and sometimes many functions which may be performed. In a distributed system, it is difficult to control Client Program 22 access to the SMS/NE Interface 24.
One upshot of these problems is that intelligent network services are much more difficult, if not impossible, to deploy on a competitive interval. To provide intelligent network service competitively, the Service Management System 14 architecture must be easily extensible with a minimum of delay and effort.
FIG. 3 is a high level representation of intelligent network interface architecture according to the present invention. Note that the Client Programs 22 do not contain SIP Functionality as was shown in the conventional architecture of FIG. 2. SIPF is instead bound to a module referred to for purposes of this invention as the "Network Element Interface" or "NeInterface 26" which, in turn, is bound to a particular Network Element 12. That is, the NeInterface 26 "understands" (via SIP Functionality) the language and protocol of the Network Element 12 to which it is assigned. The Client Programs 22 exchange information with the Network Elements 12 via an NeInterface Server 28 and individual NeInterface 26 associations assigned to each Network Element 12.
SIPF Functionality according to the present invention may be thought of as converting service-independent Requests 29 into vendor-specific and/or NE specific operations on an SMS/NE Interface. Abstractly, service-independent messages flow between the NeInterface Server 28 and NeInterfaces 26. In the case of data import or export Requests 29, one or more NeImages 30 (as discussed below) may be associated with a Request 29. Steps for handling a Request 29 according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention are as follows:
1. SIPF decodes a Request 29 for a particular action with respect to an SMS/NE Interface. A Request 29 can include operations such as creating, updating, or deleting data objects such as a Subscription, Service, or Shared data.
2. Depending upon the type of Request 29, SIPF decodes the appropriate attributes (arguments) of the Request 29. For each type of Request 29 and argument of a Request 29, SIPF rules determine the specific action to be taken. For example, creating a new Subscription may imply a particular sequence of messages on one or more channels of the SMS/NE Interface 26 (an NeInterface 26 may have specialized channels for handling different types of data). The SIPF rules must account for the type and version of Interface involved.
3. SIPF includes rules for dealing with each class of Network Data Object ("NDO"). These rules may include information on the order of export/import of NDOs, the specific SIP message to use, and SIP message parameters. For example, to export a Table NDO, SIPF may sequentially retrieve certain Tuples from the Table NDO and map them into arguments of one or more "UpdateTable" messages. The UpdateTable messages are then sent to the Network Element 12, respecting the specifications of the particular SMS/NE Interface used for addressing Table objects in the Network Element 12.
4. The NeInterface 26 may preempt the processing of one Request 29 to process another Request 29. In this case all state information must be saved upon preemption and restored upon resumption.
5. When a Request 29 terminates due to completion or failure, the originator of the Request 29 (e.g., the Client Program 22) is notified, perhaps via the NeInterface Server 28.
This NeInterface 26 partitioning creates several advantages. Software modules are simpler because only one version of SIP is required for a particular NeInterface 26. Changes to one NeInterface 26 eliminate or reduce the effect on other NeInterfaces 26 or the Client Programs which use them. This potential thus simplifies the task of adding new Network Element types as well as of adding new versions of SIPF to accommodate changes in an Network Element's SIP.
Client Programs 22 preferably communicate according to the present invention with Network Elements 12 via an NeInterface Server 28 functionality as shown in FIG. 3. The NeInterface Server 28 receives Requests 29 from Client Programs 22 and causes work to be performed via the NeInterface 26 resources.
The NeInterface Server 28 according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, as represented in FIGS. 6 and 7, is a collection of Request Queues 32 and associated queue processing functionality 33. A Request Queue 32 is assigned to one or more Network Elements 12, depending upon the defined function of the Request Queue 32. FIG. 6 shows Request Queue 1 assigned to two mated Service Control Points 34, for instance, ScpA and ScpB. Request Queue N is connected to a single Network Element 12, perhaps an Service Node N, broadband switch, or stand-alone SCP.
Request Class Objects 36 as shown in the Server 28 in FIG. 6, are designated as R<Client Program>-<Request Id>. For example, R1-1 is Request Id 1 for Client Program 1 and R2-3 is Request Id 3 for Client Program 2. The order of the Queue 32 as shown in FIG. 6 (but without limitation) is left to right with the front (or highest priority) Request being the right-most Request (i.e., R1-1 for Request Queue 1 and R2-3 for Request Queue N) and lesser priority requests toward the rear.
The NeInterface Server 28 receives Requests 29 from Client Programs 22 in the Service Management System 14 and assigns them to the appropriate Request Queue 32. Alternately, a Client Program 22 may specify the target Request Queue 32. FIG. 7 shows examples of Request subclasses. Export Requests 38 and Import Requests 40 are subclasses of Requests 29 which contain NeImages 30. Other types of Requests 29, represented by X-Request 42, may perform such functions as returning Network Element 12 measurements, time, or status data to the client.
The processing strategy for Request Queues 32 is as follows:
1. Request Queues 32 are "priority queues," meaning that the ordering (from front to rear) of Requests 29 is dependent upon the Requests' priority. A Request priority may be fixed or dynamic, depending upon the Request subclass. A priority may be a simple integer value or a complex combination of Request attributes such as time of arrival, request type, etc.
2. Requests are processed in the order of their position in the Request Queue 32 at the time when a new Request 29 can be processed. That is, when, Queue Processing Logic (QPL) is able to process another Request 29, it will accept the Request 29 at the front of the Request Queue 32.
3. One or more Requests 29 may be processed concurrently, depending upon the nature of the Request 29 and the capabilities of the SMS/NE Interfaces 24 or NeInterfaces 26 associated with the Request Queue 32.
4. Assuming Requests cannot be processed concurrently, QPL may preempt processing of a Request 29 to service a higher-priority Request 29. The preempted process is later continued at the point of preemption and processing continues until completion or another preemption.
5. At the completion of processing, QPL may notify a Client Program 22 of the results. It is also possible that processing of a Request 29 may be suspended (rather than terminate) until further instructions from the Client Program 22 are received.
7. In processing a Request 29, a Request Queue 32 may perform coordination among several Network Elements 12. For example, data to be exported to mated pairs of Network Elements 12 may require very tight synchronization. Therefore, QPL may direct the NeInterface 26 objects to export data in a special sequence or with a special protocol in insure synchronization between Network Elements 12.
8. QPL may resolve the value of certain Request parameters at the time of processing to enable the most recent information to be used. This strategy may be used to compensate for long queue delays.
9. One SMS/NE Interface 24 or NeInterface 26 could be associated with more than one Request Queue 32. The communications between a Request Queue 32 and an NeInterface 26 may be abstract and general since most of the vendor-specific structures are defined by the NeImage 30 referenced in Request Queue/Interface communications.
Architecture that includes the NeInterface Server 28 according to the present invention creates the following advantages, among others. First, the Service Management System 14 is more robust and resilient to change. Because the Client Programs 22, NeInterface Server 28, and NeInterfaces 26 are independent, changes to one module have little, if any, direct effect on other modules. Second, Client Program 22 Requests 29 are queued according to several factors such as the priority of the request type and the target Network Elements 12. The queuing scheme enables the NeInterface Server 28 to process Requests 29 in accordance with their relative importance, as otherwise specified or manually and in the most efficient sequence. Third, the NeInterface Server 28 is well adapted easily to control data synchronization across multiple Network Elements 12. Fourth, the priority queue processing strategy facilities preemption of low priority requests by higher-priority requests.
NeImage data structure as shown schematically in FIGS. 4, 5 and 8 is employed according to the present invention to increase the flexibility of the Service Management System 14 and to decrease complexity of the Client Programs 22 which implement new services. Using the messages provided by SIP, there are numerous possible procedures for transferring data between the Service Management System 14 and Network Elements 12. As SIP is enhanced over time, these procedures usually change to take advantage of new SIP features. If the Client Programs 22 or NeInterface Server 28 were required to specify low-level procedures for data transfer (an obvious implementation choice), there would be a significant churn in platform and/or application code as new services and SIP functionality is added. NeImages 30 according to the present invention enable low-level procedures to be performed by the NeInterfaces 26.
An NeImage 30 as represented in FIGS. 4, 5 and 8 is a collection of one or more Network Data Objects ("NDOs") which model high-level data structures in the NE. These Network Element data structures may be of the type fundamental to NE architecture such as the AT&T Network Element architecture. Thus the structure and behavior of NDOs are stable across services. Intelligent network services according to the present invention utilize one or more NeImages 30 which contains data for export or import from one or more Network Elements 12. When a Client Program 22 submits a Request 29 to the NeInterface Server 28, the appropriate NeImage 30 is constructed (preferably but not necessarily in the Client Program 22) based upon data in the SMS Information Model 18. When the appropriate NeInterface 26 communicates with its Network Element 12, data are moved to or from the NeImage 30 according to the low-level procedures of the NeInterface 26. Thus, the Client Program is only required to deal with a high-level (stable) model and the NeInterface 26 is relegated the low-level procedures which are subject to change in time. FIG. 4 shows the general flow of a data export to the Network Element 12.
FIG. 8 shows the general structure of an NeImage 30. NeImage 30 structures model the abstract data in Network Elements 12. Since each intelligent network service is likely to have unique data structures and the Service Management System 14 is intended to support multiple-vendor Network Elements 12, the NeImage 30 must be capable of representing a variety of data relationships.
Discussion of data structures in this document according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention is caveated with the following qualifications. The data structures as discussed herein are all abstractions and are presented in Object Model or Entity-Relationship diagrams. FIG. 8, for example, represents a preferred embodiment of an Object Model 44 for the NeImage 30 structure. This Model 44 consists of Object Classes 46 with class names at the top and implicit attributes in the lower part of the class box. The specific attributes of these classes are not specified since there are a number of well-known ways to assign attributes to classes, depending upon the implementation.
Note that attributes are implied by the text describing the Models (below). The relationship between Classes 46 are shown by lines terminated by arrows. A line (or group of lines) is labeled according to the relationship being described. Numbers next to a Class 46 indicate the number of object instances in a relationship; if no numbers are present, a one to one relationship may be assumed. The relationship "Is A Type Of" is analogous to defining a subclass (or subtype).
The use of an Object Model 44 does not imply a particular implementation. That is, the Object Classes 46 may be implemented as conventional data structures in programming languages such as C/C++. Ada, etc., or as objects in object-oriented programming languages such as C++. Similarly, object persistence may be achieved through conventional database storage techniques such as SQL or object-oriented databases.
Dynamic behavior (system functionality) defined in this document is an abstraction and can be implemented in numerous well known ways. Although behavior may be attributed to an object, this does not preclude a "loose" (i.e., non-object) binding of the object data structure and the program code which implements the behavior.
Messages between objects or subsystems may be implemented in numerous ways. Messages and responses may be encoded in conventional data structures, database records, objects, or binary streams according to well known methods, for instance. Messages may be carried between objects or subsystems via conventional function calls, invocation of object operations, Inter-Process Communications ("IPC") facilities, streams, or pipes.
The representation shown in FIG. 8 or the discussion herein should not be construed as reflecting any intent to infer a loose or tight coupling between objects in systems according to the present invention or a particular physical partitioning of subsystems. These may be accomplished to suit the needs and the tastes of the developer consistent with the system being implemented and its environment.
In the preferred embodiment shown in FIG. 8, each NeImage 30 class contains attributes which enable the NeInterface 26 to determine the root of the target data structures in the Network Element 12. For example, if an NeImage 30 contains Network Data Objects (NDOs) which target an AIN Subscription, the NeImage 30 would contain sufficient identification for the NeInterface 26 to form SIP messages which target the Subscription. An NeImage 30 may be specialized to distinguish, for example, an NeImage targeting a Subscription from one targeting Service data.
An NeImage 30 according to the embodiment shown in FIG. 8 contains one or more Network NDOs. An NDO is typically specialized into an Abstract Data Type which represents certain common or vendor-specific data structures. As such, an NDO has operations defined for it which enable a Client Program 22 or NeInterface 26 to add or retrieve data in a service-independent way. An NDO also typically contains attributes which enable the Client Program 22 or NeInterface 26 to interpret the underlying data in the context of a service. Examples of specialized NDOs (i.e., NDO subclasses) and typical operations and attributes are described below:
1. Table - - - an aggregation of homogeneous Tuple objects which contain data values. Table NDO operations may enable Tuples to be inserted, updated, deleted or read. A Table NDO may be specialized to a vendor-specific data structure such as an S11Ndo to accommodate table-type Recent Change structures of AT&T architecture. Attributes enable the NeInterface 26 properly to identify the Table and Tuple field names in the SIP messages.
2. TableOfTables - - - an aggregation of Table objects which has similar operations for tables as a Table has for Tuples. TableOfTables may be used for addressing variable-length arrays of tables. Attributes identify the TableOfTable names used in the SIP messages.
3. ListOfVariables - - - an aggregation of non-homogeneous Tuple objects which contain data values. A Tuple may have one element, such as an integer, or multiple elements such as a Date (month, day, year). Attributes enable the NeInterface 26 properly to identify the Tuple field names in the SIP messages.
4. BLOB (Binary Large Object) - - - contain arbitrary binary data, analogous to a common computer file. Operations may enable a BLOB to be read or written. Attributes enable the NeInterface 26 properly to identify the target object name in the SIP messages. A BLOB may be specialized to represent a Decision Graph, Voice File, FAX File, etc.
5. NeImageNode - - - enables a hierarchial, tree-like structuring of NDOs. This is denoted by the recursive containment relationship. That is, an NeImageNode contains one or more NDOs, which may contain one or more NeImageNodes. An NeImageNode may be specialized to represent a vendor-specific node. Attributes enable the NeInterface 26 properly to identify the target node name in the SIP messages.
The NeImage strategy creates several advantages and features. Client Programs 22, for instance, are not affected by changes in low-level procedures. Moreover, new Client Programs 22 can be implemented quickly and reliably because they are only responsible for constructing an NeImage 30 which consists of only a few unique NDO types. Additionally, Client Programs 22 are not involved in the details of network configuration; these variables are resolved by the NeInterfaceServer 28 for all clients. Client Programs 22 using NeImages 30 are also not involved in deployment options or the time-dependent state of the network. Note that data can be transferred between the Service Management System 14 and a Network Element 12 in a number of modes. For example, only data changes since last update could be sent to save transmission time. A number of factors, including the current state of the Network Element 12, affect the mode of transfer. Because the NeImage 30 is "interpreted" by the NeInterface 26, it can handle transient state variables and error recovery without involving higher-level programs.
A principle of human-computer interface design is that the computer should display information to the user in a "natural" form. For example, a calendar tool should "look" like a calendar rather than rows of data which represent a calendar. Similarly, a Service Management System 14 user should not be required to deal with the implementation details of the AIN service. Conventional Service Management Systems present the user with a Network Element-specific representation of a subscription. This is essentially the equivalent of displaying one or more raw NeImages to the user. Using this strategy, the service implementation may be severely constrained. First, large or complex Network Element 12 data structures are not practical because a user may not be able to provision such structures. Second, the service implementation is limited to one logic module in one Network Element 12.
The Service Management System 14 architecture according to the present invention departs from the conventional wisdom by decoupling the provisioning interface 16 from the NE implementation. A preferred embodiment of this architecture is represented in FIG. 5. The user sees a unified view of an AIN service based upon the SMS Information Model 18. A transformation procedure 48, Transform 1, presents a service-oriented display to the user based upon data in the SMS Information Model 18. When data is to be deployed to the Network Elements 12, another transformation procedure 50, Transform 2, converts between the SMS Information Model 18 and the NeImages 30.
Note that the SMS Information Model 18 may or may not contain data structures analogous to the constructed NeImages 30. For example, the SMS Information Model 18 may contain verbatim copies of the NeImages 30 or the data could be in a completely different form. In any case, the Transform 2 procedure must know how to construct the target NeImages 30.
The SMS Information Model 18 is an arbitrary representation of information. It may be implemented with common tools available for building databases and user interfaces. The NE Information Model 20 for a particular AIN Service is represented by one or more NeImages 30 which may be associated with one or more types of Network Elements 12. The feature of the Service Management System 14 which enables the support of these two models is the service-specific transformation functions.
The transformation functions may be part of Client Programs 22. The major operations requiring transformations are the export and import processes which move data between the SMS Information Model 18 and the Network Elements 12. The strategy for export transformation is as follows:
1. When an export function is invoked for a subscription or other Service Management System object, a sequence of service-specific transformations may take place. For example, if a Subscription is implemented on two Network Element 12 types (e.g., an SCP and SN), the first level of transformation may require that the export be partitioned into two export requests and sent in sequence or in parallel, depending upon the implementation requirements.
2. Before a request can be completed by the NeInterface, a service-specific transformation function is invoked. This transformation function "understands" the SMS Information Model 18 and the NE Information Model 20 for the target Network Element 30. The result of the transformation is the NeImage 30 containing the data to be exported to the target Network Element 12.
3. When a new version of an existing service is deployed, transformation functions must support both the new and old versions concurrently.
The strategy for an import operation is similar, but rather than take data from an NeImage 30, the NeInterface 26 preferably places data received from a Network Element 12 into an NeImage 30. In this case, a Client Program 22 must have created an NeImage 30 template for the NeInterface 26 to use for importing values. A template is an empty NeImage 30 and associated NDOs with the necessary attributes to identify what is to be imported. When an NeImage 30 has been imported, a transformation function converts the NeImage 30 into data structures in the SMS Information Model 18 domain for presentation to the Service Management System 14 user or other application.
The Split Information Model strategy creates several advantages and features, including the following:
1. The provisioning interface can be optimized for user convenience and understanding.
2. The Network Element implementation can be optimized for call processing.
3. The service implementation is transparent to the provisioning user, can span multiple Network Elements, and multiple logic modules within a Network Element.
4. The user can be isolated from Network Element service software release migration. By definition, a new release has a new NeImage 30. Since the user view 16 and NeImages 30 are separate transformations of the SMS Information Model 18, changes in the NeImages 30 to fix problems do not necessarily require the SMS User View 16 to change.
5. Release migration is facilitated by the ability to construct both old and new NeImages 30 from the new-release SMS Information Model 18. In this case two transformation procedures are provided, one for the old and one for the new version NeImage 30 set.
6. The creation of a service compiler tool is facilitated, for the process of adding new services to the Service Management System largely constitutes defining data structures and creating transformation functions which can all be built via parameterized procedures.
7. Support of new Network Element 12 types is facilitated. Major Service Management System changes are limited to adding new transformation procedures and a NeInterface 26 module to be assigned to the Network Element 12.
The foregoing describes a preferred embodiment of the present invention. Various changes and modifications to what is disclosed may be adopted or implemented without departing from the scope or spirit of the invention.
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|Bell Atlantic Network Services, Inc.
|Automatic access to information service providers
|24 Feb 1993
|30 May 1995
|The Dow Chemical Company
|Silica supported transition metal catalysts
|6 Sep 1994
|1 Aug 1995
|Bellsouth Corporation
|Mediation of open advanced intelligent network interface for public switched telephone network
|AT&T/BellSouth Interim SMS/NE Interface Requirements Definition and Specification Phase 2, Document No. 237 729 650BT, Jun. 11, 1993 and updates.
|AT&T/BellSouth Interim SMS/NE Interface Requirements Definition and Specification--Phase 2, Document No. 237-729-650BT, Jun. 11, 1993 and updates.
|Citing Patent
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|10 Aug 1999
|Next Level Communications
|System and method for managing fiber-to-the-curb network elements
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|Intel Corporation
|Re-prioritizing background data transfers in multipoint conferencing
|10 Sep 1996
|25 Jul 2000
|Alcatel Cit
|Telecommunication management system
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|15 Aug 2000
|Mci Communications Corporation
|System for real-time device data management
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|12 Sep 2000
|Mci Communications Corporation
|Signaling network management system for converting network events into standard form and then correlating the standard form events with topology and maintenance information
|13 May 1998
|2 Jan 2001
|Fujitsu Limited
|Method and apparatus for synchronizing databases within intelligent network
|18 Dec 1997
|23 Jan 2001
|Alcatel Usa Sourcing, L.P.
|Service management system for an advanced intelligent network
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|4 Sep 2001
|Excel Switching Corporation
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|27 Nov 2001
|Lucent Technologies Inc.
|Method for creating and modifing similar and dissimilar databases for use in intelligent network configurations for telecommunication systems
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|11 Dec 2001
|Ameritech Corporation
|Global service management system for an advanced intelligent network
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|8 Jan 2002
|British Telecommunications Public Limited Company
|Service creation apparatus for a communications network
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|14 May 2002
|Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha
|Data synchronization method for maintaining and controlling a replicated data
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|3 Aug 2004
|Gamespy Industries, Inc.
|Queuing system, method and computer program product for network data transfer
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|12 Feb 2001
|9 Nov 2004
|Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
|System and method for call transferring in a communication system
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|14 Dec 2004
|Verizon Services Corp.
|Services control point selection in an advanced intelligent network
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|10 May 2005
|Sbc Technology Resources, Inc.
|System and method for providing remote access to telecommunications services
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|19 Jul 2005
|Siemens Communications, Inc.
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|26 Dec 2006
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|23 Jan 2007
|Southwestern Bell Telephone Company
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|30 Jan 2007
|Cisco Technology, Inc.
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|10 Jul 2007
|At&T Labs, Inc.
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|21 Aug 2007
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|Method and system for providing management protocol mediation in wireless communications networks
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|System and method for providing remote access to telecommunications services
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|20 Oct 2009
|Verizon Services Corp.
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|8 Dec 2009
|Service provisioning system
|24 Aug 2004
|18 May 2010
|Alcatel-Lucent Usa Inc.
|Network meta-data libraries and related methods
|12 Sep 2003
|27 Jul 2010
|At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P.
|International origin dependent customized routing of calls to toll-free numbers
|25 Jul 2006
|10 Aug 2010
|Sap Ag
|Unified meta-model for a service oriented architecture
|21 Jul 2006
|15 Mar 2011
|At&T Labs, Inc.
|Profile management system including user interface for accessing and maintaining profile data of user subscribed telephony services
|17 Feb 2005
|22 Mar 2011
|Data synchronization method
|19 Oct 2007
|7 Jun 2011
|At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P.
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|26 Sep 2006
|20 Mar 2012
|At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P.
|Apparatus and method for facilitating service management of communications services in a communications network
|24 Jul 2008
|10 Apr 2012
|At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P.
|System and method for restricting and monitoring telephone calls
|7 May 2007
|23 Oct 2012
|Alex Radulovic
|Private IP communication network architecture
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|19 Mar 2013
|At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P.
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|6 Jan 2011
|23 Jul 2013
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|10 Jul 2006
|10 Dec 2013
|Media Queue, Llc
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|1 Apr 2014
|Media Queue, Llc
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|15 Apr 2014
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|Media exchange system and method
|17 Jun 2013
|22 Apr 2014
|At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P.
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|2 Feb 2004
|29 Apr 2014
|Media Queue, Llc
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|22 Mar 2001
|26 Sep 2002
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|27 Mar 2001
|3 Oct 2002
|Jeffrey Weiss
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|2 Feb 2004
|12 Aug 2004
|Gross John N.
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|12 Aug 2004
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|Method of providing access to playable media
|2 Feb 2004
|19 Aug 2004
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|2 Feb 2004
|2 Sep 2004
|Gross John N.
|Media auto exchange system and method
|2 Feb 2004
|2 Sep 2004
|Gross John N.
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|2 Feb 2004
|2 Sep 2004
|Gross John N.
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|12 Sep 2003
|17 Mar 2005
|Sbc Knowledge Ventures, L.P.
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|13 Oct 2004
|24 Mar 2005
|Wheeler David F.
|Services control point selection in an advanced intelligent network
|25 Nov 2002
|21 Apr 2005
|Lars-Berno Fredriksson
|Arrangement relating to one or more control systems
|26 Nov 2003
|26 May 2005
|Brett Watson-Luke
|Bidirectional interfaces for configuring OSS components
|26 Nov 2003
|26 May 2005
|Brett Watson-Luke
|System and method for managing OSS component configuration
|26 Nov 2003
|26 May 2005
|Brett Watson-Luke
|Systems, methods and software to configure and support a telecommunications system
|26 Nov 2003
|26 May 2005
|Brett Watson-Luke
|System and method for configuring a graphical user interface based on data type
|13 Apr 2005
|11 Aug 2005
|Brooking Michael A.
|Method and system for providing message services in a communication system
|17 Feb 2005
|22 Sep 2005
|Service provisioning system
|17 Feb 2005
|22 Sep 2005
|Data synchronization method
|13 Jun 2003
|19 Jan 2006
|Castro Fabian C
|Management system and method for service subscription provisioning
|24 Aug 2004
|2 Mar 2006
|Matthias Bannach
|Network meta-data libraries and related methods
|6 Mar 2006
|13 Jul 2006
|Gross John N
|Media delivery prioritization system and method
|10 Jul 2006
|26 Oct 2006
|Gross John N
|Playable Media Delivery Capacity Exchange Method
|29 Dec 2011
|Gidwani Arvind D
|Method and apparatus for processing order related messages
|29 Sep 2000
|4 Feb 2003
|Opuswave Networks, Inc.
|System and method for managing terminal units in a wireless system
|29 Sep 2000
|1 Jul 2003
|Opuswave Networks, Inc.
|System and method for managing base stations in a wireless system
|5 Oct 2000
|5 Dec 2006
|Johnson Controls Technology Company
|System for processing interior environment complaints from building occupants
|13 Jun 2003
|29 Sep 2010
|Management system and method for service subscription provisioning
|13 Aug 2008
|19 Dec 2012
|Message sequence management of enterprise based correlated events
|13 May 1998
|25 Nov 1998
|Societ� Francaise du Radiot�l�phone SRF
|Generating and automatically operating a database to manage a telecommunication network
|18 Jul 2002
|21 Jan 2004
|TELEFONAKTIEBOLAGET L M ERICSSON (publ)
|Management system and method for service subscription provisioning
|18 Jul 2002
|6 Jul 2005
|TELEFONAKTIEBOLAGET L M ERICSSON (publ)
|Generic interface for subscription management
|18 Mar 2004
|21 Sep 2005
|Service provisioning system
|23 Jan 1998
|6 Aug 1998
|Dsc Telecom Lp
|A telecommunications management system
|15 Dec 1998
|24 Jun 1999
|Alcatel Usa Sourcing Lp
|Service management system for an advanced intelligent network
|28 Jan 1999
|5 Aug 1999
|Excel Switching Corp
|Telecommunications switch with multiple ports for host-node communications
|16 Jun 1999
|29 Dec 1999
|Ameritech Corp
|Global service management system for an advanced intelligent network
|13 Jun 2003
|29 Jan 2004
|Jose-Luis Agundez-Dominguez
|Management system and method for service subscription provisioning
|19 Nov 2004
|16 Jun 2005
|David John Cooke
|System and method for managing oss component configuration
|U.S. Classification
|379/243, 709/223, 379/221.08, 379/201.04, 709/250, 379/244, 379/201.12
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|26 Aug 1997
|Certificate of correction
|22 Dec 1998
Owner name: BELLSOUTH INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY CORPORATION, DELAW
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:BELLSOUTH INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY GROUP, INC.;REEL/FRAME:009678/0367
Effective date: 19980901
Owner name: BELLSOUTH INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY GROUP, INC., GEORG
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:BELLSOUTH CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:009670/0482
Effective date: 19980901
|30 May 2000
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|30 May 2000
|Surcharge for late payment
|27 Apr 2004
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 8
|17 Apr 2008
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 12


text:
NYCdwellers and New York City Real Estate
NYCdwellers is New York City's largest real estate marketplace specializing in residential no fee apartment rentals in Manhattan. We are dedicated to providing outstanding service to New York apartment hunters from all over the world. Our website is comprised of modern apartment search technology and powered by six, full-time staff providing unsurpassed service to NYCdwellers' customers and listing providers.
What does this mean for you? This means a constantly-updated database offering real New York City apartment listings in real time and direct access to all listing providers. Our mission is to find and list all real estate properties available in Manhattan, by owner or by broker. We screen and hand-select all available NYC rentals. No duplicate or outdated listings, no bait and switch. If you are looking to rent an apartment in Manhattan, this is the place to be.
And if an individual listing is represented as a no fee apartment, there is no broker fee for the apartment. Period.
While exploring New York apartments for rent, you will find our information most up to date and pertinent. We are the best resource to rent apartments in NYC because we offer what others don't. We've changed the way folks rent in Manhattan. The system of NYCDwellers.com offers the smoothest way to rent New York apartments. Hunting for apartments in NYC for rent can be tough, if you're going it alone. Let NYC Dwellers be your guide. We will teach you how to quickly locate New York City rental apartments with or without brokers help. Only here can you preview all available Manhattan rentals without leaving your desk. Here we offer all kinds of apartments for rent in New York, from cheap studios to top luxury Manhattan houses.
© 2012 Apartments Integrated Inc. All Right Reserved

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Press Room
Association News
May 20, 2015
SECU lauches programs to help residents, business affected by the recent events in Baltimore City.
May 19, 2015
Introducing one of the dynamic keynote speakers for this year's Annual Meeting & Convention in...
May 14, 2015
The Partnership FCU raised over $2,000 in donations for new art supplies for patients at Children's...
May 13, 2015
Save the dates!
May 13, 2015
Matthew Piazza, president and CEO of Atlantic Financial Federal Credit Union, is quoted in a recent...
May 13, 2015
Freedom FCU makes donation to The Upper Chesapeake Health Foundation.
May 13, 2015
Securityplus FCU selected Christine Machovec as the 2015 scholarship winner.
May 13, 2015
Securityplus FCU announces LaToya Saunders as the winner of the CU's 'Positive Difference Award'...
May 13, 2015
The Partnership FCU begins using Rate Reset.
May 8, 2015
Freedom Federal Credit Union Donates $25,000 to Support HCPS Employee Service Recognition Program.
RSS News
Jul 15, 2014
See2Pay will allow wearers to make small point-of-sale purchases.
Jul 15, 2014
A delegation of credit union representatives from Virginia spent a week in Estonia recently as part...
Jul 14, 2014
CUNA Mutual's Steve Rick shares why loan growth has doubled so far this year.
Jul 14, 2014
Alabama credit unions have joined a national campaign to help consumers become more financially...
Jul 14, 2014
H.R. 5061 would provide more opportunities for veterans, says Rep. Jeff Miller (R-Fla.).
Jul 14, 2014
The House subcommittee on commerce, manufacturing and trade voted 13-6 Thursday to advance a bill...
Jul 14, 2014
The Community Development Financial Institution Fund is successfully increasing lending in low-...
Jul 14, 2014
Eighty-four credit unions face fines up to $106K for late call reports. Fighting the NCUA could...
Jul 14, 2014
The payment processor's monthly SpendTrend report said despite the dip, overall spending...
Jul 14, 2014
The $358M New York credit union gets exterior naming rights, signage, an ATM and special member...
No news found.


text:
Derivatives - Closing and Terminating a Futures Position
As we discussed previously, when a trader goes long or short on a position, he can close his position prior to expiration by executing a reversing transaction that is exactly the same as his original trade. The clearing house views the trader as holding a long and short position that offset each other, causing the trader's position to be flat. This is the same as having no position at all.
Example: Closing a Futures Position
You have entered a long position in 30 December S&P 250 contracts, in August. Come September, you decide that you want to close your position before the contract expires. To accomplish this, you must short, or sell the 30 December S&P 250 contract. The clearing house sees your position as flat because you are now long and short the same amount and type of contract.
Terminating Futures Contracts
- Close-Out (offset) at Expiration - If a trader holds a long position, she can go short the same contract with regards to the terms of the original trade and vice versa for the short position trader. Prices may differ because of market conditions.
- Delivery - Here, the long position keeps the position open at the end of trading on the expiration date. This requires the long holder to accept delivery of the underlying asset and pay the short position the Pre agreed Future price.
- Equivalent Cash Settlement - Some contracts are designated as cash-settle contracts. At expiration, the trader keeps his position open. When the contract expires, the margin account is marked to market and the gain is posted in the account. The reason that a gain is posted is because in most cases the trader would close out the position prior to expiration if it is a loser.
- Exchange-for-Physicals - These are used for futures participants. Here the long and short holders arrange alternative delivery procedures. For example, if the exchange requires the physical delivery of the asset in Chicago, the parties may agree to make settlement outside of the required area, say Pittsburgh. The parties will have to report to the Chicago Board of Trade that the transaction was settled outside the normal procedures. This is satisfactory to the exchange.
Personal Finance
How To Choose A Financial AdvisorMany advisors display similar skillsets that can make distinguishing between them difficult. The following guidelines can help you better understand their qualifications and services.
Asset Manager Ethics: Investment Process and ActionsManagers, in developing their investment process, need to determine some "general rules" that make it meaningful. We offer six.
Career Advice: Financial Analyst Vs. Investment BankerRead an in-depth comparison about working as a Financial Analyst vs. working as an Investment Banker, two highly prestigious business careers.
Advisors: Which Certifications Are Essential?The right advisor credentials can make all the difference, but wading through some 100 certifications can be a challenge. Here's some help.
Investing Basics
Asset Manager Ethics: Valuation Is A Tricky BusinessAsset managers must accurately represent all of a clients assets in the client portfolio. This can be tricky for unique and hard-to-value assets.
Personal Finance
Top 10 Most Valuable Sports Teams in 2015Cleats, pads and profits: we take a look at the top 10 most valuable sports teams in the world.
Chinese Slowdown Affects Iron Ore MarketThe Chinese economy's ongoing slowdown is having a major impact on iron ore demand.
Personal Finance
Invest in Costco? First Understand Its Balance SheetA strong balance sheet sets a company apart and boosts investor confidence. How healthy is Costco based on an analysis of its balance sheets from the last two years?
Investing Basics
Brokers and RIAs: One and the Same?Brokers and registered investment advisors have some key differences. Here's what you need to know.
DCF Vs. Comparables: Which One To UseDCF and Comparables models are widely used in equity valuation. We explain the pros and cons of each method.
Personal Financial AdvisorProfessionals who help individuals manage their finances by providing ...
CFA InstituteFormerly known as the Association for Investment Management and ...
Chartered Financial Analyst - CFAA professional designation given by the CFA Institute (formerly ...
Security AnalystA financial professional who studies various industries and companies, ...
What are the differences between a Chartered Financial Analyst (CFA) and a Certified ...The differences between a Chartered Financial Analyst (CFA) and a Certified Financial Planner (CFP) are many, but comes down ... Read Full Answer >>
How do I become a Chartered Financial Analyst (CFA)?According to the CFA Institute, a person who holds a CFA charter is not a chartered financial analyst. The CFA Institute ... Read Full Answer >>
What types of positions might a Chartered Financial Analyst (CFA) hold?The types of positions that a Chartered Financial Analyst (CFA) is likely to hold include any position that deals with large ... Read Full Answer >>
Who benefits the most from prepaid expenses?Prepaid expenses benefit both businesses and individuals. Prepaid expenses are the types of expenses that are bought or paid ... Read Full Answer >>
If I am looking to get an Investment Banking job. What education do employers prefer? ...If you are looking specifically for an investment banking position, an MBA may be marginally preferable over the CFA. The ... Read Full Answer >>
Can I still pass the CFA Level I if I do poorly in the ethics section?You may still pass the Chartered Financial Analysis (CFA) Level I even if you fare poorly in the ethics section, but don't ... Read Full Answer >>


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Medicare and Medicaid Annual Open Enrollment Period
October 15, 2015 ~ December 7, 2015
During this time, you can switch, drop or enroll in Medicare Part D prescription plans and Medicare Advantage Plans. All plan elections will take effect January 1, 2016.The Commission on Aging is pleased to announce that we are collaborating with the Area Agency on Aging 1-B, the Retired Senior Volunteer Program (RSVP), and Diane Frank, certified MMAP counselor, to provide MMAP counseling at our location for seniors, individuals with disabilities and caregivers in our community on the 3rd Thursday of each month. There is no charge for this service.
Availability is limited. Appointments are required.
The links will open in a new window. To return to our page, just close the new window that opened when clicking on the link.
The Retired Senior Volunteer Program of Monroe County is a program and service offered under the Monroe Center for Healthy Aging sponsorship is working to expand volunteer experiences to better reach the entire county with special attention to supplying health, nutrition, and safety services to help seniors remain in their homes.
Other areas of special interest will include using the special talents of seniors to help our children with math, reading, and socialization and maintaining the existing network of senior support to many community services.
***Please note***These links and listings are meant to be a resource guide for those looking for resources in our community. This list is not all inclusive of those resources available in our community. The Monroe County Commission on Aging makes no specific endorsement of these listings, links or services. Please feel free to contact our office with any changes or corrections.
Thank you for visiting the Monroe County Commission on Aging website.


text:
Posted March 23, 2013 on AP on Fox
Chelsea Poppens scored 19 points, Hallie Christofferson scored 11 of her 18 in the second half, and fifth-seeded Iowa State ended No. 12 seed Gonzaga's dominance at home in the NCAA women's tournament with a 72-60 win over the Bulldogs on Saturday. Gonzaga went 4-0 the past two seasons playing on its home floor at the McCarthey Athletic Center during the NCAAs in reaching the round of 16. Iowa State (24-8) finally solved beating Gonzaga at home thanks to dynamic shooting from behind the 3-point line and an awful shooting performance by the Bulldogs. Brynn Williamson hit five 3-pointers and scored 17 points for the Cyclones. Taelor Karr led Gonzaga (27-6) with 15 points, but the Bulldogs shot just 32 percent. Iowa State advanced out of the first round for the first time since 2010, when it won twice at home and reached the regional semifinals before falling to Connecticut. The Cyclones outlasted the Bulldogs despite committing 23 turnovers and having to play before a raucous pro-...
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text:
Middle East recruiters expect new jobs in next 6 months
Naukrigulf survey reveals job creation and hiring much better in 2015 compared with 2014October 13, 2015 10:17
Register for our free newsletter
MIDEAST STOCKS-Markets to rise on stronger global environment
Abu Dhabi's ADWEA in talks with banks for $350 mln project bond
Emirates hints at no Dubai Airshow orders, pushes decision on A350/787 to next year
UAE minister says plans to boost oil output capacity on track
MIDEAST STOCKS-Saudi, Egypt markets barely move in early trade
Qatar Q2 GDP growth accelerates to 4.8 pct year/year
UAE says reforms will better protect foreign workers
United Arab Bank secures $125 mln three-year loan
MIDEAST STOCKS-Saudi hit by weak oil, commodities; Egypt down modestly
MIDEAST STOCKS-UAE markets narrowly mixed in thin, early trade
Baghdad is seeking to involve BP in a major project to revive Iraq's giant northern Kirkuk oilfield, which is suffering from massive declines in production, industry sources said on Friday.
February 25, 2012 12:22 by Reuters
"We envisage BP doing something similar to Rumaila at Kirkuk," said an Iraqi oil executive. He was referring to a $30 billion BP-operated project to develop Iraq's biggest oilfield, located in southern Iraq.
Production at Kirkuk has slumped to 280,000 barrels per day from 900,000 bpd in 2001 after years of injecting water and dumping unwanted crude and products into the field.
Iraqi officials would like to see BP work to stem declines at this 77-year old workhorse and then raise capacity to around 600,000 barrels per day in five years, the sources said.
"BP has been giving the Ministry of Oil some technical advice on Kirkuk, but it's nothing more than that so far," said another industry source.
The UK oil major downplayed the possibility of taking on a mega-project at Kirkuk.
"We are not aware of any proposals for the development of Kirkuk or any other fields," said a BP spokesman. "We would of course consider opportunities for further investment in Iraq as we would opportunities elsewhere in the world."
The problems at Kirkuk forced Iraq's state North Oil Co, the field's operator, to turn to the world's top service companies at the end of last year, issuing a tender to rehabilitate the ageing field. But industry sources say the process went nowhere.
Iraq put Kirkuk on the block in its first postwar oil auction in 2009. A consortium led by Royal Dutch Shell offered to boost flows to 825,000 b/d for a fee of $7.89 a barrel, but Baghdad insisted on payment of $2 a barrel. *image from gulfofmexicooilspillblog.wordpress.com
Saudi oil exports suge, seeks to sell more
February 25 2012
Greece, traders work on deals to replace Iranian oil
February 25 2012


text:
By Rich Tandler and Ryan OHalloran
Redskins Insiders
CSNwashington.comA solid first quarter of the season for the Redskins turned ugly in the second quarter an 0-4 record, the loss of several offensive starters for the year and young players who havent yet been up to the task.As the Redskins (3-5) continue preparing for Sundays game at Miami, Professors OHalloran and Tandler hand out their mid-season grades in this weeks edition of the wildly popular Point-Counterpoint.OFFENSERyan OHalloran: Heres the scary part the first-half grade may actually be better than the second-half grade. The Redskins offense is broke in several aspects. They cant run it because they cant get a lead. They cant throw it because, well, look at the roster. And they cant make big plays for that same reason. Searching for a bright spot, receiver Jabar Gaffney (31 catches) has exceeded expectations and left tackle Trent Williams has been more consistent when healthy. Overall, teams that go six straight games without exceeding 20 points arent getting it done.Grade: DRich Tandler: They were pretty good the first quarter of the season even though they never lit up the scoreboard. The running game was clicking, Rex Grossman was staying upright and completing passes and Fred Davis was on his way to the Pro Bowl. Certainly, in the last four games that has fallen apart for a variety of reasons. At first glance I was going to say that the performances in the first two quarters of the season balanced out to the traditional gentlemans C. But then I looked at the cold, hard numbers and they are sub-mediocre 21st in yards gained and a pathetic 27th in points scored.
Grade: DDEFENSEOHalloran: The Redskins were supposed to be better defensively because of the players added in the draft and free agency and theyre vastly improved in several areas. They have given up some big plays in the running game (4.5 yards per carry), but have had success getting after the quarterback (25 sacks) and rookie Ryan Kerrigan has been as good as projected. The only issues are missed tackles, a lack of turnovers and getting in position to use the pass rush teams have been able to get a lead and rush like crazy.Grade: B-minusTandler: As Ryan noted, the defense is playing well and it could be better if the offense could ever get them a lead to work with. As long as the other team can pound out over 30 rushing attempts per game, as they have during the four-game losing streak, the sacks and takeaways that are supposed to come in the 3-4 defense will be elusive. They could help their own cause with some better tackling and perhaps by getting a little luckierthe Redskins have only recovered five of 17 opposition fumbles. The bottom line is that being seventh in the league in points allowed despite minimal help from the offense is a darn good performance.
Grade: A-minus SPECIAL TEAMS OHalloran: After so many years of turmoil on special teams, the Redskins have been consistent this year with Graham Gano (three field goals of 50 or more yards) and especially punter Sav Rocca (41.1-yard net). The coverage teams have done their jobs well but the Redskins need to start getting a larger return from Brandon Banks. Granted, the kickoff rule has negated some opportunities but hes simply not getting it done when he actually catches the punt.Grade: B-plus.Tandler: As one who watched Antwaan Randle El let countless punts hit the ground and roll for another 10 or 20 yards, there is something to be said for Banks actually fielding the punts. Ill forgive a muff here and there and he still hasnt turned the ball over. Gano started out shaky but now he could be a true weapon if the offense could muster a few more drives past midfield. But when the offense cant move, there is Rocca, the team MVP to date with his impressive net average, 17 punts inside the 20, and zero touchbacks, to flip field position.
Grade: BYou can reach Ryan OHalloran by email at email@example.com and you can email Rich Tandler at email@example.com . Follow Ryan on Twitter @ryanohalloran and follow Rich @Rich_Tandler.
Point-Counterpoint: Skins midseason report card
By Rich Tandler and Ryan OHalloran


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Community Wind Ensemble Gears Up for Second Season
ROCKLIN, Calif. - William Jessup University Community Wind Ensemble has announced plans for its second season. Under the direction of Van B. Crane, the Ensemble begins rehearsal on September 1st at 7:00 pm. Plans for the upcoming year include concerts on campus as well as performances in several nearby communities.
Begun last Fall to provide performance opportunities for the instrumental music students at WJU, the ensemble has expanded to include instrumentalists of all ages from throughout the surrounding communities of Colfax, Auburn, Folsom, Carmichael, Fair Oaks, as well as Rocklin, Roseville and Lincoln.
"There is always room for more qualified musicians," explained Crane. "While places could be found for interested musicians in all sections of the Ensemble, we are actively recruiting those who play oboe, bassoon, bass clarinet, French horn, trombone and percussion."
The Ensemble is open to adult musicians who have a desire to participate in a community ensemble that will be performing some of the great band music of all time—marches, show tunes, classics, and other traditional music for band. Qualified high school musicians are also welcome to join with the permission of their Band Directors.
The Ensemble rehearses on Tuesday evenings from 7-9 pm at the WJU Campus (333 Sunset Blvd., Rocklin). Musicians interested in joining the Ensemble or simply desiring more information should contact Van Crane at firstname.lastname@example.com or (916) 253-3718.
Rocklin, Roseville Yellow Pages -Automotive | Business | Community | Education | Finance | Health | Home Improvement
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Placer County News HeadlinesPCWA Customers Curb Water Use 34 PercentDrought Watch: Since June of this year, PCWA customers have decreased water use by 34 percent in comparison to base year 2013.
Roseville Area Events Calendar for October 3, 2015Roseville, CA - Bright sunshine and warm temps make for ideal conditions as the fall events season kicks into full swing in Roseville and beyond.
Placer County Child Support Services Recognized for ImprovementsThe Placer County Department of Child Support Services has received the 2015 Most Improved Child Support Program Award
Free Hazardous Waste Drop Off in AuburnPLACER COUNTY, Calif. - The Western Placer Waste Management Authority's annual household hazardous waste collection event will be held Saturday and Sunday
Repeat DUI's Targeted with Ignition Interlock ProgramOn Monday, Governor Jerry Brown signed into law SB 61, adding another 18 months to a four-county ignition interlock pilot program
California Fire Updates Summary (10-2-15)Nearly 1,000 firefighters are battling 7 large fires. In Northern California, an area of low pressure is moving throughout the area today with light showers
Lincoln Salmon Festival Celebration October 3rdLincoln, CA - The Wildlife Heritage Foundation (WHF) is gearing up for the sixth annual Salmon Celebration to bring awareness to the migrating salmon population
Roseville Coffee Wars: Dunkin Donuts and Dutch Bros. ExpandingRoseville, CA - Coffee is big business and Roseville is at center stage in South Placer County as the coffee giants battle it out to serve up their high-priced specialty brews.
151,000 Acres Scarred: Rough Fire GrowsCalifornia Fire Updates 2015: In Northern California, an area of low pressure is moving slowly into the area today with light showers expected and cooler temperatures
Seniors First Awarded Grant from Wells FargoSeniors First was recently awarded $10,000 grant from Wells Fargo Bank which will help to continue funding of Seniors First's eight Senior Cafes
Salmon Celebration Festival in Lincoln October 3rdLincoln, CA - The Wildlife Heritage Foundation (WHF) is gearing up for the sixth annual Salmon Celebration
Free Healthy Aging Program Presentations in OctoberIn a series of four Saturday morning sessions at UC Davis School of Medicine, attendees will learn the latest from physicians and other experts about aging and medical science.
NEWS: In Case You Missed It


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In early 2009, Child Protective Services revealed for the first time in its Child Welfare Semi-Annual report that legitimate calls into the Child Abuse Hotline "were not assigned" and "were not investigated."Read More »
Featured News
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Lopez criticized for delaying resignation from Senate
After initially denying rumors that she planned to resign from the Arizona State Senate, Sen. Linda Lopez finally conceded that she'll leave her post in January. But rather than resign immediately, the Tucson Democrat has drawn criticism from her colleagues for staying at the Legislature to gain another year of service in order to pad her retirement benefits.Read More »
Forestry Division challenges findings in Yarnell deaths
Calling the findings legally unjustified, the state Forestry Division on Thursday is challenging the findings of liability and $559,000 in fines by state safety officials in the deaths of the 19 Granite Mountain Hotshots.Read More »
Cottonwood latest AZ city to approve same sex civil unions
The city of Cottonwood has joined a handful of Arizona communities in approving civil unions.Read More »
Commerce CEO Watson nets $68,750 bonus
Arizona Commerce Authority CEO Sandra Watson netted a $68,750 bonus for fiscal year 2013 to along with her $250,000 salary.Read More »
Arizona Supreme Court attempts to determine voter intent on contribution limits
The Arizona Supreme Court grilled attorneys in the case over HB2593 in attempt to determine whether voters intended to set firm contribution limits in 1998 or simply reduce the amount of money candidates could accept, regardless of how the limits might change in the future.Read More »
CPS reports detailed rise in uninvestigated cases
The rapidly rising number of uninvestigated abuse and neglect reports at Child Protective Services was documented in years of reports to the governor and Legislature, Department of Economic Services Director Clarence Carter confirmed Monday.Read More »
Group renews push for tax limits in Arizona
After three failed attempts, a group that is seeking California-style property tax limits in Arizona is preparing for another push to get the question on the 2014 ballot.Read More »
Child abuse records found near dumpster unrelated to larger CPS investigation
Thousands of pages of confidential records of child abuse cases found last month outside a dumpster are unrelated to the discovery that more than 6,500 complaints went uninvestigated, the head of the Department of Economic Security said Monday.Read More »
Governor says she expects to learn soon who is to blame for latest CPS crisis
Gov. Jan Brewer is willing to give Clarence Carter the benefit of the doubt about his culpability in more than 6,500 uninvestigated complaints of child abuse -- at least for the time being.Read More »


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Autopsy done on prisoner who 'died of AIDS'
A post-mortem is being carried out on R Kumarajah, who police said died of AIDs at the Kajang Prison on Monday.
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Return to SwingLifeStyle.com The Swingers Home Page
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Disclaimer: This website contains adult material. You must be over 18 to enter or 21 were applicable by law.
All Members are over 18 years of age.
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New Stainless Steel Appliances
Side by Side Refrigerator, electric stove, dishwasher, rangehood, and countertop microwave. All appliances are Whirlpool except the microwave. The appliance were in rehab home for display for three month, but never used. Price is negotiable.
Oct 10 -
Wood Burning Freestanding Stove
For Sale: $550.00
Rebel wood burning heater, in good condition, very efficient. Please call us at 706-635-7009 for more information, or go to our website for directions to our store:http://www.cartecaytradingpost.net
Oct 10 -
Wood Heater, Vogelzang, Large, High Capacity 55 Gallon Drum
This is a great heater, made out of a 55 Gallon Drum, good for a shop or a home, heats up a large area, it is used but in good shape, no burnt holes. Please call us at 706-635-7009 for more information or come check it out at our store located at the foot of beautiful Stover Mountain in Ellijay. For directions/information: http://www.cartecaytradingpost.net
Vintage Wood Cook Stove, Small 1920's Birmingham, 35 X 27, 6 Eyes NICE
Make us an offer on this gorgeous stove. Reduced from $2550.00 down to $2250.00
Please contact us if you want it shipped. (charges vary with location).
This stove came from a local estate, it is a small 1920's Birmingham Stove, Alabama, solid Cast Iron Wood Cook Stove, it is clean and has been refurbished. It has 6 cooking eyes and in good condition. Measure at 35" in width X 27" Depth, ...
Have you found yourself upset lately with condition of your last loads of Appliances?
We Understand
Here is the opportunity you have been looking for to buy Clean Used appliances at rock bottom prices.
We are RMC Appliances a large wholesale supplier of used appliances that sells both nationwide and overseas.
In our ...
Oct 10 -
Stainless steel Refrigerater
6-mth old Stainless steel side by side, like new, water & ice on door.
I will post pic's later.
The house is for sale and this frig doesn't match the other white appliances. I paid over $1000 for it.
text or call 678-459-7489, Judy
Oct 10 -
Amana refrigerator
1-yr old refrigerator, Like new, large, white, side by side, ice & water on the door.
I sold my house so don't need it.
I will post pitchers later.
call or text 678-459-7489, Judy
Oct 10 -
Villa Rica
stove gas
stove color is black is gas in good condition call me at 404-547-8774
or 407-520-8190.
Oct 8 -
Stainless Steel Refrigerator
Excellent working condition please call 404-981-9366
Oct 7 -
refrigerator 2008
2008 works great.notting wrong with it.just got me bigger one.call (706) 498-3149. $150.
Oct 4 -
Open not use, Delonghi 50 pints dihumidifiers with Pump and Self Star
1 . LG Electronic 12000BTU Portable Air Conditioner and Dehumidifier Function in Gray ( 67.2 Pints / Day ) :-$ 180
2. ( Open not use ) Delonghi 12000btu Portable Air Condition With Remote Control :-$150
3. ( Open not use ) Delonghi Dehumidifier with Pump and Self -Start 50 Pints :--$ 100.000
5 . LG life's good ...
Oct 1 -
MAJESTIC Central Vacuum Accessory Kit 06-4958-26
This is a new Central Vacuum accessory kit with electric powerhead. This is for pickup only. Excellent additional kit for homes with more than 1 floor.
Sep 30 -
Union City
White Kitchen Appliance, good to great condition - $1 (Stockbridge)
I replaced my kitchen pkg with stainless steel and just selling the old. Nothing is wrong and the fridge is only a year old and works great. Everything works great.
White side by side fridge $400
White electric stove with range $250
Whit Dishwasher $200
Ge and Whirlpool appliances. All standard. Fridge/water and ice work FANTASTIC. it's empty and clear.
Pick up only, prices are firm, ...
Sep 26 -
GE Free Standing Electric Range
GE Electric Range in very good condition. Everything works fine. We are old and eat out a lot so the range does not get used a lot.
Model # JBS55DM2BB This range was manufactured in Oct 2008 making it about 7 years old.
Color is black.
Asking price is $120.00 OBO.
Sep 25 -
This is great if you have a cupcake or baking business!
This oven has been gently used and the bottom oven has not been used.
The dimension are as follows:
30 inches wide
45 inches high
24 inches in depth
Sep 25 -
Stainless Steel Kitchen Surplus Products Dirt Cheap
Sinks Stoves Refrigerators Dishwashers
Kitchen Double Bowl $38.99 and up
Kitchen Single Bowl $24.99 and up
Electrolux and Frigidaire Appliances vary from day to day guaranteed LOWEST price!
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NMB Product Availability:
Northside Material Brokers is a surplus ...
Sep 23 -
BRAND NEW Jenn Air Range with Convection oven Electric or Gas
New in the box Jenn Air slide in electric range. This unit has never been used and is brand new in the packaging. Call or text me if interested this unit will go fast. Willing to deliver for a fee. Range retails for $2500.00
i have gas ranges and electric ranges in this model with convection oven
12"/9"/6" Triple-Choice Element
The Triple-Choice element on this electric range allows you ...
Sep 23 -
Wood Heater, Massive Custom Built, Steel 46 X 37 X 37 Large Cabin Home
Make us an offer on this massive custom stove. Reduced from $4750.00 down to $3950.00
We prefer local pick up. We will load it for you. Please contact us if you want it shipped. (charges vary with location).
This massive, custom built wood stove is one of a kind, it was built to heat a very large lodge size log cabin, it has been welded professionaly, using 5/8" plate steel and fire bricks ...
Sep 20 -
Wood Heater, Buck Fireplace Insert Glass Doors, Cabin, Home, Lodge
This Buck Fireplace Insert wood stove is in good used condition. It has no cracks or brakes on the doors or the frame, the inside shows some usage, the bricks are in good shape, Measure at 37" in width X 28" Depth, X 24" in Height. The back wall measures at 28" in width. Weight around 400 Lbs. Please call us at 706-635-7009 for more information or come check it out at our ...
TODAY ONLY! Estate Washer & Dryer
Can pick up today or early tomorrow. Please reply asap!
Sep 20 -


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My station consists of an Elecraft K3 which I assembled from a kit. The microphone is a Heil Proset using an Icom cartridge. I have a US Tower, model TX-455, which is 55 feet tall (17 meters) and which can be cranked up and tilted over. Atop the tower is a Bencher Skyhawk. The Skyhawk is basically 3 mononbanders on a 24 foot boom (7.3 meters). There are 3 full sized elemenets for 20 meters, 3 for 15 meters and 4 elements for 10 meters. For bands which the Skyhawk doesn't cover I use an Inverted V. I'm using a model AT-5K Transmatch by Palstar. For CW I use a Begali Sculpture.
I am a member of both the ARRL and the Northern California DX Foundation. My 10-10 number is 77093.
Thanks for reading and if you hear me on the air please give me a call.
Chris Scibelli NU1O
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text: Save $100 on a Definitive Technology amplified wireless music player Front (Grille included, not shown) Back Side view View larger Niles DS7MP In-ceiling home theater speaker Item #: 190DS7MP In Stock Be the first to write a review Was:$199.99 Price Break:-$90.00 Your price: $109.99 each Earn up to 110 Rewards points Add to Cart Free Shipping Lifetime Tech Support + Add to wishlist + Email me alerts for this product Save $100 on a Definitive Technology amplified wireless music player View all associated offers Need help? 1.888.955.6000 Email Chat Ask an expert advisor No pressure, no commission — just lots of good advice from our highly trained staff. Crutchfield Rewards By buying this product you'll earn up to 110 Rewards points. When you sign up for a Crutchfield account, you'll be enrolled in Crutchfield Rewards. You'll earn one point for every dollar you spend on gear from us. You can turn your points into Rewards Cards that you can use toward future purchases. You can sign up for an account now, or after you complete your purchase (you'll get credit for the points either way). Sign up for a Crutchfield account


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Antamina Aims for 2013 Production of 450,000 Tonnes of Copper
Reuters reported that Peru's Antamina expects to produce about 450,000 tonnes of copper in 2013, the same amount as it put out in 2012.
As quoted in the market news:
Peruvian miner Antamina produced about 450,000 tonnes of copper in 2012 and expects similar output in 2013, a company official said on Friday.
|In 2014 Copper Fox Metals Inc. (TSXV:CUU) added approximately 1.8 billion pounds of copper as well as 140,000 ounces of gold contained within the Inferred resource category to its metal holdings. Connect with CUU to learn more.


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This Life-Changing Action Will Make You a Hero to These Animals
Voil� - Cat Becomes a Bunny!
If This Feline Risk Is in Your Home, Put It Under Lock and Key
Dr. Becker on Feeding Pets a Vegan or Vegetarian Diet (Part 2)
Chia Chunks: Superfood Treats for Your Pets
Dr. Becker on Feeding Pets a Vegan or Vegetarian Diet
View All Pet Videos
Your itchy, miserable pet can survive - even thrive - during the outdoor allergy season. Just follow this simple nutritional plan... bathe your dog on this schedule... and take these pre-season steps that could allow your pet to "skip" allergy season this year...
A tiny kitten who's not only incredibly charming but also exceptionally light on his feet!
A review of customer service inquiries made to a pet arthritis supplement company shows which demographic is most concerned about obesity and movement problems in their pets.


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JFK Website (0)
Digital Archives (1)
Title: KN-C18661-C. President John F. Kennedy Meets First Peace Corps Volunteers
President John F. Kennedy speaks during a ceremony for the first group of departing Peace Corps volunteers, leaving for Tanganyika and Ghana, in the Rose Garden, White House, Washington, D.C. Reporters and photographers observe, including Washington Correspondent for the Guy Gannett Publishing Company of Maine, May Craig. [For a complete list of a...
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JOHN F. KENNEDY PRESIDENTIAL LIBRARY AND MUSEUMColumbia Point, Boston MA 02125 (617) 514-1600


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2015 Golf Tournament
Meals On Wheels Triangle Area Golf Tournament – October 12, 2015
UNC Finley Golf Club, Chapel Hill NC
The Tournament includes 18 holes, range balls, cart, prizes for 1st, 2nd, and 3rd place and closest to the pin, boxed lunch, and beverage cart. Mulligans and Raffles will be available for purchase. Golfers can relax and enjoy a reception with light Octoberfest style refreshments with special Octoberfest Brews immediately following the end of the tournament.
Click here for more information.


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CCOC hosted the launch of the City of Ottawa's new recycling bag initiative at our 464 Metcalfe property on September 2, 2015.
Mayor Jim Watson and City Councillor David Chernushenko (Capital Ward) announced the City's new program which will make recycling bags available to apartment buildings and other multi-residential buildings. We're excited to see recycling becoming more accessible for everyone.
We've been using our own recycling bags since 2008, with great feedback and results from tenants. In fact, our Beaver Barracks properties have some of the highest waste diversion rates in the city of Ottawa! These bags allow tenants to quickly and easily bring their recyclables down to a communal garbage room and properly dispose of them.


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Daily Sales Up to 70% OFF Limited-time deals start every day at 12 pm ET.
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Made with durable microfiber and mesh this officially licensed video chair features your favorite team's colors with their logo applied by a high pressure heat transfer process. A great chair for video games or relaxing in front of the TV, this video chair collapses in half for easy moving and storing.
Product Details
Special Offer:
12 Issues of Money Magazine
Included with purchase ($20 value).
Weights & Dimensions
|Product Type: Rocker game chair
|Upholstery Material: Microfiber
Base Material: Wood; Plastic; Other
|Number of Items Included: 1
|Connection Compatibility: None
|Adjustable Headrest: No
|Tilt Base: Yes
|Rocking: Yes
|Reclining: No
|Vibration: No
|Pedal Set Included: No
|Steering Control Compatible: No
|Speakers: No
|Remote Control: No
|Headphone Jack: No
|Controller Storage: No
|Multi-Player Options: No
|Cup Holder: No
|Foldable: Yes
|Adjustable Height: No
|Gender: Unisex
|Life Stage: Adult; Teen
|Weight Capacity: 250 Pounds
|Country of Manufacture: China
|Assembly Required: No
|Installation Required: No
|Additional Parts Required: No
About the ManufacturerFor years, Imperial International has strived to provide high quality products at a reasonable cost. Imperial International offers a vast collection of pool cues, game room accessories, and licensed sports products such as MLB pool cues, NBA pub tables, and NFL neon signs. Opportunities to customize your game room are endless with Imperial's superior product line.
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We want you to love it. If you don't, you may return your purchase within 30 days of delivery. All you need to do is visit our Self-Service Return Center for instructions. Return credits are issued within 24 hours once the item is received and inspected. Please note that shipping charges are non-refundable. The cost of return shipping will be deducted from your refund. 30-Day Return Policy
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Sounds Like: Adele, Amy Lee, Celine Dion, Delta Goodrem, The Civil Wars
Bio: Bianca Keitel was last seen in David Rich's production of "Margarine Wars" starring the hippie Starshine, but in addition to her stage and film credits, she's also an accomplished vocalist and violinist. Her styles include Opera, Classical, Musical Theater, Pop/Rock, Celtic and Country. She's per...See Full Bio


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Sea Baby
- Uploaded By Buttercreambandit
- 2012-03-20 11:59:19
This is a small buttercream cake for a 2nd birthday. The octopus is gumpaste and the dimensional coral is royal icing. All coral on the sides of the cake is hand piped and accented with fondant shells and sugar seahorses.
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Last week, James Harden asked Charles Barkley for some advice leading into the upcoming NBA season. Barkley and Scottie Pippen showed Harden that all the greats have short memories in a hilarious commerical for Foot Locker.
James Harden, Landon Donovan in Short Memory Part 2 commercial
This week, it's Harden and Landon Donovan in Foot Locker's latest, as the former Thunder guard asks the recently-retired U.S. soccer icon how he handled getting cut from the national team this summer.
Donovan has a short memory as well.
See this story on www.youtube.com


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Biotiful - INCI Cosmetici
by: Damiano Hernando Rodriguez | 11.4K
by: Damiano Hernando Rodriguez | 11.4K
Expert's review
by Molly Carter, Appszoom
Use the Biotiful app to scan your facial products' barcodes, and it gives you the name, brand, average price, overall quality, safety, and ingredient list instantly.
It also breaks down the ingredients of each item, listing their function and the dangers and possible side effects, if any, associated with them. It also tracks items you're interested in, and you can even make a shopping list so you don't forget what you need.
An easy to use app, you simply scan the barcode and the information comes up. It has thousands of items in its directory and being able to filter out any potential side effects can help protect your skin from any nasties.
Not all items scan, sometimes you have to manually enter the upc code.
by Molly
Feb 24, 2015
from 11.392 reviews
Free - V1.3 - 16M