text:
- 296Promote
Shower Curtain
Owl 2.0by Jay Fleck
Customize your bathroom decor with unique shower curtains designed by artists around the world. Made from 100% polyester our designer shower curtains are printed in the USA and feature a 12 button-hole top for simple hanging. The easy care material allows for machine wash and dry maintenance. Curtain rod, shower curtain liner and hooks not included. Dimensions are 71in. by 74in.
Looks awesome :)
great work Jay..!!
awesome owl design
good stuff!
awesome work
Nice concept amazing how you could do this out of circles!
Really love your use of these shapes!
Wow creative! Love the color mix!
Great job Jay.
High level of owl design! looks great!
Super cool! I really like the choice of colors.
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Cloudera Engineering Blog · Community Posts
Caching in Apache HBase: SlabCache
This was my summer internship project at Cloudera, and I'm very thankful for the level of support and mentorship I've received from the Apache HBase community. I started off in June with a very limited knowledge of both HBase and distributed systems in general, and by September, managed to get this patch committed to HBase trunk. I couldn't have done this without a phenomenal amount of help from Cloudera and the greater HBase community.
The amount of memory available on a commodity server has increased drastically in tune with Moore's law. Today, its very feasible to have up to 96 gigabytes of RAM on a mid-end, commodity server. This extra memory is good for databases such as HBase which rely on in memory caching to boost read performance.
How I found Apache Hadoop
- by Loren Siebert
- December 28, 2011
- 2 comments
This is a guest post contributed by Loren Siebert. Loren is a San Francisco entrepreneur and software developer, and is currently the technical lead for the USASearch program.
A year ago I rolled my first Apache Hadoop system into production. Since then, I've spoken to quite a few people who are eager to try Hadoop themselves in order to solve their own big data problems. Despite having similar backgrounds and data problems, few of these people have sunk their teeth into Hadoop. When I go to Hadoop Meetups in San Francisco, I often meet new people who are evaluating Hadoop and have yet to launch a cluster. Based on my own background and experience, I have some ideas on why this is the case.
Apache Avro at RichRelevance
- by Scott Carey
- December 22, 2011
- no comments
This is a guest post from RichRelevance Principal Architect and Apache Avro PMC Chair Scott Carey.
In Early 2010 at RichRelevance, we were searching for a new way to store our long lived data that was compact, efficient, and maintainable over time. We had been using Hadoop for about a year, and started with the basics – text formats and SequenceFiles. Neither of these were sufficient. Text formats are not compact enough, and can be painful to maintain over time. A basic binary format may be more compact, but it has the same maintenance issues as text. Furthermore, we needed rich data types including lists and nested records.
My Internship at Cloudera
- by David Trejo
- December 20, 2011
- 1 comment
David joined us as part of our intern program, and built the prototype for the distributed log search functionality that's available as part of Cloudera Manager 3.7. He did an awesome job, and wrote the following blog post which, now that CM3.7 has been released, we're pleased to publish.
The project
My intern project was to build a log searching tool, specialized for Apache Hadoop. My mini-app allows Hadoop cluster admins and operators to search their error logs across many machines, filter by time range, text in the log message, and find the namenode machine, for example. The results are then ordered by time, and shown to the user.
Apache Flume – Architecture of Flume NG
This blog was originally posted on the Apache Blog: https://blogs.apache.org/flume/entry/flume_ng_architecture
Apache Flume is a distributed, reliable, and available system for efficiently collecting, aggregating and moving large amounts of log data from many different sources to a centralized data store. Flume is currently undergoing incubation at The Apache Software Foundation. More information on this project can be found at http://incubator.apache.org/flume. Flume NG is work related to new major revision of Flume and is the subject of this post.
Apache HBase Pow-wow Summary 11/29/2011
San Francisco, Salesforce.com HQ - Recently there was an Apache HBase Pow-wow where project contributors gathered to discuss the directions of future releases of HBase in person. This group included a quorum of the core committers from Facebook, StumbleUpon, Salesforce, eBay, and Cloudera as well as many contributors and users from other companies. This was an open discussion, and in compliance with Apache Software Foundation policies, the agenda and detailed minutes were shared with the community at large so that everyone can chime in before any final decisions are made.
We summarize some of the high-level discussion topics:
Inaugural Sqoop Meetup
This blog was originally posted on the Apache Blog:
Over 30 people attended the inaugural Sqoop Meetup on the eve of Hadoop World in NYC. Faces were put to names, troubleshooting tips were swapped, and stories were topped – with the table-to-end-all-tables weighing in at 28 billion rows.
Hadoop World 2011 Final Remarks
- by Mike Olson
- November 16, 2011
- 1 comment
The third annual Hadoop World conference has come and gone. The two days of conference keynotes and sessions were surrounded by receptions, meetups and training classes, and marked by plenty of time for networking in hallways and the exhibit hall. The energy exhibited at the conference was infectious and exchange of ideas outstanding. Nearly 1,500 people – almost double last year's number – attended. They came from 580 companies, 27 countries and 40 of the United States. Big data is clearly a global phenomenon.
CDH3u2: Apache Mahout Integration
Cloudera believes that the flexibility and power of Apache Mahout (http://mahout.apache.org/) in conjunction with Hadoop is invaluable. Therefore, we have packaged the most recent stable release of Mahout (0.5) into CDH3u2, and we are very excited to work with the Mahout community becoming much more involved with the project as both Mahout & Hadoop continue to grow. You can test our CDH with Mahout integration by downloading our most recent release: https://ccp.cloudera.com/display/DOC/Downloading+CDH+Releases
Why we are packing Mahout with Hadoop?
Machine learning is an entire field devoted to Information Retrieval, Statistics, Linear Algebra, Analysis of Algorithms, and many other subjects. This field allows us to examine things such as recommendation engines involving new friends, love interests, and new products. We can do incredibly advanced analysis around genetic sequencing and examination, distributed search and frequency pattern matching, as well mathematical analysis with vectors, matrices, and singular value decomposition (SVD).
Attend a Meetup Surrounding the Hadoop World Conference
Several meetups for Apache Hadoop and Hadoop-related projects are scheduled for the evenings surrounding Hadoop World 2011. Make the most of your week in New York City by attending one or more of these meetups focusing on the Apache projects Hadoop, HBase, Sqoop, Hive and Flume. Food and beverages will be provided at each meetup. Join us to relax, get informed and network with your fellow conference attendees.
Hadoop/HBase Meetup, NYC Edition
Hadoop World 2011: A Glimpse into Operations
Nominations Are Open for the 2011 Government Big Data Solutions Award
- by Bob Gourley
- October 13, 2011
- no comments
This post was contributed by Bob Gourley, editor, CTOvision.com.
The missions and data of governments make the government sector one of particular importance for Big Data solutions. Federal, State and Local governments have special abilities to focus research in areas like Health Sciences, Economics, Law Enforcement, Defense, Geographic Studies, Environmental Studies, Bioinformatics, Information Search/Discovery, and Computer Security. Government-Industry teams are working to field Big Data solutions in all these fields.
Hadoop World 2011: A Glimpse into Development
The Development track at Hadoop World is a technical deep dive dedicated to discussion about Apache Hadoop and application development for Apache Hadoop. You will hear committers, contributors and expert users from various Hadoop projects discuss the finer points of building applications with Hadoop and the related ecosystem. The sessions will touch on foundational topics such as HDFS, HBase, Pig, Hive, Flume and other related technologies. In addition, speakers will address key development areas including tools, performance, bringing the stack together and testing the stack. Sessions in this track are for developers of all levels who want to learn more about upcoming features and enhancements, new tools, advanced techniques and best practices.
Preview of Development Track Sessions
Apache Sqoop – Overview
This blog was originally posted on the Apache Blog: https://blogs.apache.org/sqoop/entry/apache_sqoop_overview
Using Hadoop for analytics and data processing requires loading data into clusters and processing it in conjunction with other data that often resides in production databases across the enterprise. Loading bulk data into Hadoop from production systems or accessing it from map reduce applications running on large clusters can be a challenging task. Users must consider details like ensuring consistency of data, the consumption of production system resources, data preparation for provisioning downstream pipeline. Transferring data using scripts is inefficient and time consuming. Directly accessing data residing on external systems from within the map reduce applications complicates applications and exposes the production system to the risk of excessive load originating from cluster nodes.
Hadoop World 2011: A Glimpse into Enterprise Architecture
The Enterprise Architecture track at Hadoop World 2011 will provide insight into how Hadoop is powering today's advanced data management ecosystems and how Hadoop fits into modern enterprise environments. Speakers will discuss architecture and models, demonstrating how Hadoop connects to surrounding platforms. Attendees of the Enterprise Architecture track will learn Hadoop deployment design patterns; enterprise models and system architecture; types of systems managing data that is transferred to Hadoop using Apache Sqoop and Apache Flume; and how to publish data via Apache Hive, Apache HBase and Apache Sqoop to systems that consume data from Hadoop.
Preview of Enterprise Architecture Track Sessions
The Community Effect
Owen O'Malley recently collected and analyzed information in the Apache Hadoop project commit logs and its JIRA repository. That data describes the history of development for Hadoop and the contributions of the individuals who have worked on it.
In the wake of his analysis, Owen wrote a blog post called The Yahoo! Effect. In it, he highlighted the huge amount of work that has gone into Hadoop since the project's inception, and showed clearly how an early commitment to the project by Yahoo! had contributed to the growth of the platform and of the community.
Hadoop World 2011: A Glimpse into Business Solutions
Business Solutions is a Hadoop World 2011 track geared towards business strategists and decision makers. Sessions in this track focus on the motivations behind the rapidly increasing adoption of Apache Hadoop across a variety of industries. Speakers will present innovative Hadoop use cases and uncover how the technology fits into their existing data management environments. Attendees will learn how to leverage Hadoop to improve their own infrastructures and profit from increasing opportunities presented from using all of their data.
Preview of Business Solutions Track Sessions
Advancing Disney's Data Infrastructure with Hadoop
Matt Estes, Disney Connected and Advanced Technologies
Hadoop World 2011: A Glimpse of the Applications Track
The Hadoop World train is approaching the station! Remember to mark November 8th and 9th in your calendars for Hadoop World 2011 in New York City. The Hadoop World agenda is beginning to take shape. View all scheduled sessions at hadoopworld.com/sessions, and check back regularly for updates.
Hadoop World 2011 will feature five tracks to run in parallel across two days. The tracks and their intended audiences are
Snappy and Hadoop
Snappy is a compression library developed at Google, and, like many technologies that come from Google, Snappy was designed to be fast. The trade off is that the compression ratio is not as high as other compression libraries. From the Snappy homepage:
… compared to the fastest mode of zlib, Snappy is an order of magnitude faster for most inputs, but the resulting compressed files are anywhere from 20% to 100% bigger.
Cloudera Training for Apache Hadoop and Certification at Hadoop World
Make the most of your week in New York City by combining the Hadoop World 2011 conference with training classes that give you essential experience with Hadoop and related technologies. For those who are Hadoop proficient, we have a number of certification exam time slots available for you to become Cloudera Certified for Apache Hadoop.
All classes and exams begin November 7th, the Monday before the Hadoop World conference.
Which free book will you choose at Hadoop World? Hadoop or HBase?
Attendees of Hadoop World will receive a free copy of either Hadoop, The Definitive Guide (2nd edition) or the recently published HBase, The Definitive Guide.
Take advantage of the Early Bird price which has been extended to Friday, September 9, 2011.
Top 10 Reasons to Attend Hadoop World 2011
The 3rd annual Hadoop World conference takes place on November 8th and 9th in New York City. Cloudera invites you to the largest gathering of Hadoop practitioners, developers, business executives, industry luminaries and innovative companies in the Hadoop ecosystem.
Hoop – Hadoop HDFS over HTTP
What is Hoop?
Hoop provides access to all Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS) operations (read and write) over HTTP/S.
Hoop can be used to:
Cloudera Service and Configuration Manager Express Edition Screencast (Director's Cut)
- by Philip Zeyliger
- July 11, 2011
- 1 comment
Philip Zeyliger is a software engineer at Cloudera and started the SCM
Two weeks ago, at Hadoop Summit, we released our Service and Configuration Manager (SCM) Express. It's a dramatically simpler and faster way to get started with Cloudera's Distribution including Apache Hadoop (CDH). In a previous blog post, we talked in some detail about SCM Express and what it can do for you.
Shopzilla's Apache Hadoop Hackathon: Learning To Contribute
- by Andrew Look
- June 28, 2011
- 1 comment
This is a guest repost from Shopzilla's Tech Blog written by Andrew Look, a Software Engineer at Shopzilla.com. Andrew is responsible for maintaining and constructing SEM systems to manage keyword-based marketing operations, Andrew also has a strong background in highly concurrent web applications and Service Oriented Architectures.
Having gained a strong interest in Hadoop/NoSQL after prototyping a workflow based on MapReduce/Pig, he is now co-organizer of the Los Angeles Hadoop Users' Group, evangelizing use of the Hadoop project within the Southern California software community.
If 80% of data is unstructured, is it the exception or a new rule?
- by Ed Albanese
- June 24, 2011
- no comments
Ed Albanese leads business development for Cloudera. He is responsible for identifying new markets, revenue opportunities and strategic alliances for the company.
This week's announcement about the availability of the Cloudera Connector for IBM Netezza is the achievement of a major milestone, but not necessarily the one you might expect. It's not just the delivery of a useful software component; it's also the introduction of a new generation of data management architectures. For literally decades, data management architecture consisted of RDBMS, a BI tool and an ETL engine. Those three components assembled together gave you a bonafide data management environment. That architecture has been relevant for long enough to withstand the onslaught of data driven by the introduction of ERP, the rise and fall of client/server and several versions of web architecture. But the machines are unrelenting. They keep generating data. And there's not just more of it, there is more you can—and often need—to do with it.
The times they are a-changin', and unstructured data is taking over
Reflections from Enzee Universe 2011
- by Bala Venkatrao
- June 24, 2011
- no comments
Bala Venkatrao is the director of product management at Cloudera.
I had the pleasure of attending Enzee Universe 2011 User Conference this week (June 20-22) in Boston. The conference was very well organized and was attended by well over 1000+ attendees, many of whom lead the Data Warehouse/Data Management functions for their companies. This was Netezza's largest conference so far in seven years. Netezza is known for enterprise data warehousing, and in fact, they pioneered the concept of the data warehouse appliance. Netezza is a success story: since its founding in 2000, Netezza has seen a steady growth in customers and revenues and last year (2010), IBM acquired Netezza for a whopping $1.7B.
Migrating from Elastic MapReduce to a Cloudera's Distribution including Apache Hadoop Cluster
- by Jennie Cochran-Chinn and Joe Crobak
- June 22, 2011
- no comments
This post was contributed by Jennie Cochran-Chinn and Joe Crobak. They are part of the team building out Adconion's Hadoop infrastructure to support Adconion's next-generation ad optimization and reporting systems.
This is the first of a two part series about moving away from Amazon's EMR service to an in-house Apache Hadoop cluster.
Biodiversity Indexing: Migration from MySQL to Apache Hadoop
- by Tim Robertson, Lars Francke and Oliver Meyn
- June 21, 2011
- 2 comments
This post was contributed by The Global Biodiversity Information Facility development team.
Cloudera Certification for Apache Hadoop at Hadoop Summit
Take advantage of the opportunity to become a Cloudera Certified Developer or Administrator for Apache Hadoop the day before Hadoop Summit, June 28th. This is the first time these certifications have been offered apart from their respective courses – so don't miss the chance to validate your Hadoop expertise!
There are several exam times throughout the day for your convenience. The Developer exam lasts for 90 minutes, the Administrator exam for 60 minutes.
Become a Cloudera Certified Developer
An Attendee Perspective On Chicago Data Summit
This is a guest post from Mike Segel, an attendee of Chicago Data Summit.
Earlier this week, Cloudera hosted their first 'Chicago Data Summit'. I'm flattered that Cloudera asked me to write up a short blog about the event, however as one of the organizers of CHUG (Chicagao area Hadoop User Group), I'm afraid I'm a bit biased. Personally I welcome any opportunity to attend a conference where I don't have to get groped patted down by airport security, and then get stuck in a center seat, in coach, on a full flight stuck between two other guys bigger than Doug Cutting.
Solve this Brain Buster for a chance to win a Doug Cutting Bobblehead at the Chicago Data Summit
Do you know the answer?
Many prominent projects (e.g. Hive, Pig) were sub-projects of Hadoop before becoming Apache TLPs. What project was Hadoop itself spun off from?
Apache HBase Do's and Don'ts
I recently gave a talk at the LA Hadoop User Group about Apache HBase Do's and Don'ts. The audience was excellent and had very informed and well articulated questions. Jody from Shopzilla was an excellent host and I owe him a big thanks for giving the opportunity to speak with over 60 LA Hadoopers. Since not everyone lives in LA or could make it to the meetup, I've summarized some of the salient points here. For those of you with a busy day, here's the tl;dr:
Adopting Apache Hadoop in the Federal Government
Loren Siebert is a San Francisco entrepreneur and software developer, and is currently the technical lead for the USASearch program.
The United States federal government's USASearch program provides hosted search services for government affiliate organizations, shares APIs and web services, and operates the government's official search engine at Search.USA.gov. The USASearch affiliate program offers free search services to any federal, state, local, tribal, or territorial government agency. Several hundred websites make use of this service, ranging from the smallest municipality to larger federal sites like weather.gov and usa.gov. The USASearch program leverages the Bing API as the basis for its web results and then augments the user search experience by providing a variety of government-centric information such as related search topics and highlighted editorial content. The entire system is comprised of a suite of open-source tools and resources, including Apache Solr/Lucene, OpenCalais, and Apache Hadoop. Of these, our usage of Hadoop is the most recent. We began using Cloudera's Distribution including Apache Hadoop (CDH3) for the first time in the Fall, and since then we've seen our usage grow every month— not just in scale, but in scope as well. But before highlighting everything the USASearch program is doing with Hadoop today, I should explain why we began using it in the first place.
Phase 1: Search analytics
London Apache Hadoop User Group Meeting Summarized
The most recent London Apache Hadoop User Group met this past week, which Cloudera sponsored. The following post is courtesy of Dan Harvey. It summarizes the meet-up with several links pointing to great Hadoop resources from the meeting.
Last Wednesday was the March meet-up for the Hadoop Users Group in London. We were lucky to have Jakob Homan, Owen O'Malley and Sanjay Radia over from Yahoo! and Linkedin, respectively. These speakers are from the San Francisco bay area and were in London to accept the Guardian Media Innovation Award, recognizing Hadoop as the innovative technology of 2010. The evening was a great success with over 80 people turning out in the Yahoo! London office along with pizza thanks to Cloudera and drinks in the pub afterwards by Yahoo Developer Networks who were both sponsors for the event.
Learn about Apache Hadoop at the Chicago Data Summit
If you find yourself in the Chicago area later this month, please join us at the Chicago Data Summit on April 26th at the InterContinental Hotel on the Magnificent Mile. Whether you're an Apache Hadoop novice or more advanced, you will find the presentations to be very informative and the opportunity to network with Hadoop professionals quite valuable.
Keynote Presentation
For those new to Hadoop, the project itself was named after a yellow stuffed elephant belonging to the son of Hadoop Co-founder Doug Cutting, the Chicago Data Summit's keynote speaker. In addition to being a Hadoop founder, Doug is the Chairman of the Apache Software Foundation, as well as an Architect at Cloudera. Doug's presentation will explain the Hadoop project and the advantages provided by Hadoop's linear scalability and cost effectiveness.
Featured Presentations
Flume Community Office Hours @ Cloudera HQ, 2/28/2011
On Monday, we held our second Flume Office Hours at Cloudera HQ in Palo Alto. The intent was to meet informally, to talk about what's new, to answer questions, and to get feedback from the community to help prioritize features for future releases.
Below is the slide deck from Flume Office Hours:
Log Event Processing with Apache HBase
This post was authored by Dmitry Chechik, a software engineer at TellApart, the leading Customer Data platform for large online retailers.
Apache Hadoop is widely used for log processing at scale. The ability to ingest, process, and analyze terabytes of log data has led to myriad applications and insights. As applications grow in sophistication, so does the amount and variety of the log data being produced. At TellApart, we track tens of millions of user events per day, and have built a flexible system atop HBase for storing and analyzing these types of logs offline.
An emerging data management architectural pattern behind interactive web applications
The user-data connection is driving NoSQL database-Hadoop pairing
This post is courtesy of James Phillips, Co-founder, Couchbase (formerly Membase)
Strategies for Exploiting Large-scale Data in the Federal Government
This is a guest post by Bob Gourley (@bobgourley), editor of CTOvision.com and a former Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA) CTO.
Like enterprises everywhere, the federal government is challenged with issues of overwhelming data. Thanks to a mature Apache Software Foundation suite of tools and a strong ecosystem around large-scale data storage and analytical capabilities, these challenges are actually turning into tremendous opportunities.
Cloudera in The Cube with Silicon Angle TV at Strata Conference 2011
The consensus from the Cloudera attendees of the O'Reilly Strata Conference last week was that the data-focused conference was nearly pitch perfect for the data scientist, practitioners and enthusiast who attended the event. It was filled with educational and sometimes entertaining sessions, provided ample time for mingling with vendors and attendees and was well run in general.
One of the cool activities happening at the conference was live streaming video brought to us from the good folks at SiliconAngle. Using a mobile production system called The Cube, Silicon Angle hosts John Furrier (@furrier) and Dave Vellante interviewed industry luminaries and up and comers while bringing their own perspective. After streaming live for nearly two days these hosts are still able to keep the energy high and the tone light.
Wordnik Bypasses Processing Bottleneck with Apache Hadoop
This post is courtesy of Kumanan Rajamanikkam, Lead Engineer at Wordnik.
Wordnik's Processing Challenge
At Wordnik, our goal is to build the most comprehensive, high-quality understanding of English text. We make our findings available through a robust REST api and www.wordnik.com. Our corpus grows quickly—up to 8,000 words per second. Performing deep lexical analysis on data at this rate is challenging to say the least.
Make your Apache Hadoop voice heard!
Apache Hadoop is increasingly being adopted for storage and processing of large-scale complex data. There are more Hadoop user groups in more locations than ever before and the community surrounding Hadoop is alive and vibrant.
The questions we are all thinking include,
CDH2 Update 3 Now Available
Cloudera is happy to announce the availability of the third update to version 2 of our distribution for Apache Hadoop (CDH2). CDH2 Update 3 contains a number of important fixes like HADOOP-5203, HDFS-1377, MAPREDUCE-1699, MAPREDUCE-1853, and MAPREDUCE-270. Check out the release notes and change log for more details on what's in this release. You can find the packages and tarballs on our website, or simply update your systems if you are already using our repositories. More instructions can be found in our CDH documentation.
We appreciate feedback! Get in touch with us on the CDH user list, twitter or IRC (#cloudera on freenode.net) and let us know how the update is working for you.
Introducing Alfredo, Kerberos HTTP SPNEGO for Java
What is Kerberos & SPNEGO?
Kerberos is an authentication protocol that provides mutual authentication and single sign-on capabilities.
Top 10 Blog Posts of 2010
We blogged about 104 different topics in 2010 and we recently decided to take a look back and see what folks were most interested in reading. The topics that were featured ranged from Cloudera's Distribution for Apache Hadoop technical updates (CDH3b3 being the most recent) to highlighting upcoming Hadoop related events and activities to sharing practical insights for implementing Hadoop. We also featured a number of guest blog posts.
Here are the top 10 blog posts from 2010:
- How to Get a Job at Cloudera
Cloudera is hiring around the clock, and this blog highlights the best course of action to increase your chances of becoming a Clouderan.
- Why Europe's Largest Ad Targeting Platform Uses Hadoop
"As data volumes increased and performance suffered, we recognized a new approach was needed (Hadoop)." –Richard Hutton, Nugg.ad CTO
- What's New in CDH3b2 Flume
Flume, our data movement platform, was introduced to the world and into the open source environment.
- What's New in CDH3b2 Hue
Hue, a web UI for Hadoop, is a suite of web applications as well as a platform for building custom applications with a nice UI library.
- Natural Language Processing with Hadoop and Python
Data volumes are increasing naturally from text (blogs) and speech (YouTube videos) posing new questions for Natural Language Processing. This involves making sense of lots of data in different forms and extracting useful insights.
- How Raytheon BBN Technologies Researchers are Using Hadoop to Build a Scalable, Distributed Triple Store
Raytheon BBN Technologies built a cloud-based triple-store technology, known as SHARD, to address scalability issues in the processing and analysis of Semantic Web data.
- Cloudera's Support Team Shares Some Basic Hardware Recommendations
The Cloudera support team discusses workload evaluation and the critical role it plays in hardware selection.
- Integrating Hive and HBase
Facebook explains integrating Hive and HBase to keep their warehouse up to date with the latest information published by users.
- Pushing the Limits of Distributed Processing
Google built a 100,000 node Hadoop cluster running on Nexus One mobile phone hardware and powered by Android. The environmental cost of this solution is 1/100th the equivalent of running it within their data center. (April Fools)
- Using Flume to Collect Apache 2 Web Server Logs
This post presents the common use case of using a Flume node to collect Apache 2 web server logs and deliver them to HDFS.
Setting up CDH3 Hadoop on my new Macbook Pro
This is a guest re-post courtesy of Arun Jacob, Data Architect at Disney, prior to that he was an engineer at RichRelevance and Evri. For the last couple of years, Arun has been focused on data mining/information extraction, using a mix of custom and open source technologies.
A New Machine
A profile of Apache Hadoop MapReduce computing efficiency (continued)
Guest post from Paul Burkhardt, a Research Developer at SRA International, Inc. where he develops large-scale, distributed computing solutions.
Part II
Previously we proposed how we measure the performance in Hadoop MapReduce applications in an effort to better understand the computing efficiency. In this part, we'll describe some results and illuminate both good and bad characteristics.
A profile of Apache Hadoop MapReduce computing efficiency
Guest post from Paul Burkhardt, a Research Developer at SRA International, Inc. where he develops large-scale, distributed computing solutions.
Part I
We were asked by one of our customers to investigate Hadoop MapReduce for solving distributed computing problems. We were particularly interested in how effectively MapReduce applications utilize computing resources. Computing efficiency is important not only for speed-up and scale-out performance but also power consumption. Consider a hypothetical High-Performance Computing (HPC) system of 10,000 nodes running 50% idle at 50 watts per idle node, and assuming 10 cents per kilowatt hour. It would cost $219,000 per year to power just the idle-time. Keeping a large HPC system busy is difficult and requires huge datasets and efficient parallel algorithms. We wanted to analyze Hadoop applications to determine the computing efficiency and gain insight to tuning and optimization of these applications. We installed CDH3 onto a number of different clusters as part of our comparative study. The CDH3 was preferred over the standard Hadoop installation for the recent patches and the support offered by Cloudera. In the first part of this two-part article, we'll more formally define computing efficiency as it relates to evaluating Hadoop MapReduce applications and describe the performance metrics we gathered for our assessment. The second part will describe our results and conclude with suggestions for improvements and hopefully will instigate further study in Hadoop MapReduce performance analysis.
Hadoop World 2010 Tweet Analysis
Neil Kodner, an independent consultant, is the guest author of this post. Neil found inspiration, which spurred innovation at Hadoop World 2010 from a moments decision to capture the #hw2010 streaming Twitter feed.
During the Hadoop World 2010 keynote, a majority of attendees were typing away on their laptops as Mike Olson and Tim O'Reilly dazzled the audience. Many of these laptop-users appeared to be tweeting as the keynote was taking place. Since I have more than a passing interest in twitter, Hadoop, and text mining, I thought it would be a great idea to track and store everyone's Hadoop World tweets.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Water Utilities
Company Overview of Public Utilities Board Singapore
Executive Profile
Harry Seah
Chief Technology Officer, Public Utilities Board Singapore
|Total Calculated Compensation
|This person is connected to 2 Board Members in 2 different organizations across 1 different industries.
See Board Relationships
Mr. Harry Seah serves as the Chief Technology Officer of Public Utilities Board Singapore and served as its Director of Technology and Water Quality Office. Mr. Seah has led the NEWater Programme in Singapore since 1998. He was involved in the pilot testing of three different Membrane Bioreactor systems in Singapore and the Variable Salinity Plant. Mr. Seah serves as a Member of Advisory Council at Emerald Technology Ventures AG.
Corporate Headquarters
Environment BuildingPhone: 65 6235 8888
Singapore, -- 228231
Fax: --
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EducationThere is no Education data available.
Other Affiliations
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text:
William (about the play Stalag 17): I walked out after the first act. I just didn't find it very exiting. And I thought Sefton was just a con man without any motivation for the deals he's pulling.
User Score: 56
User Score: 4
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text:
DJ Tech IBOOST202 Amplifier Speaker
DJ Tech
Product Description
- USB input for playback of MP3 files
- iPod/iPhone docking system
- 10 Inch woofer + 2 x 6.5 Inch mid range + 2 x 1 Inch dome tweeter
- 3 handles and 2 wheels for easy transportation
- 280W max power
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text:
Page 1
Copyright © Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Unauthorized reproduction of this article is prohibited.Copyright © Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Unauthorized reproduction of this article is prohibited.
Circumcision and HIV transmission
Thomas C. Quinna,b
Purpose of review
To review the recent literature on male circumcision and its
effect on HIV acquisition.
Recent findings
The report from the randomized clinical trial of male
circumcision in South Africa demonstrating a 60%
protective effect in preventing HIV acquisition provided the
first clinical trial evidence of efficacy of male circumcision in
protecting men against HIV infection. This protective effect
was consistent with both ecological and epidemiologic
studies which also show a protective effect of 50–70% in
men at high risk for HIV infection. Biological studies also
demonstrate an increased number of HIV receptor cells in
the mucosa of foreskin providing additional evidence of HIV
susceptibility in the uncircumcised male. Male circumcision
may also have a beneficial effect in preventing HIV
acquisition in women and lowering selected sexually
transmitted infections in both sexes.
The results of two ongoing randomized clinical trials of male
circumcision in Kenya and Uganda are awaited with
interest, however male circumcision should be carefully
considered as a potential public health tool in preventing
HIV acquisition. If other trials confirm the results of the
South African trial, implementation of this surgical
procedure willneedtobe carefullyscaledup andintegrated
into other prevention programs with emphasis on surgical
training, aseptic techniques, acceptability, availability and
cultural considerations.
AIDS, circumcision, epidemiology, HIV, prevention,
Curr Opin Infect Dis 20:33–38. ? 2007 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
aNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
andbThe Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
Correspondence to Thomas C. Quinn, Division of Infectious Diseases, The Johns
Hopkins University, 720 Rutland Avenue Ross 1159, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
Tel: +1 410 955 7635; fax: +1 410 614 9775; e-mail: email@example.com
Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases 2007, 20:33–38
Data Safety Monitoring Board
sexually transmitted infection
? 2007 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Malecircumcision isoneofthe oldestsurgical procedures
dating back to Egypt's sixth dynasty (2345–2181 BC) [1].
Male circumcision is the surgical removal of all or part of
the prepuce (foreskin) of the penis, which is practiced as
part of a religious ceremony performed shortly after birth,
a traditional 'coming of age' ritual practiced at or after
puberty in certain cultures, or as a medical procedure
related to infections, injury, or anomalies of the foreskin.
In some countries, such as the United States, it is con-
sidered a preventive medical procedure to reduce the
frequency of urinary tract infections and phimosis in
young boys and potentially to reduce the acquisition of
sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Common among
Muslim and Jewish men, rates of circumcision vary
widely as a surgical practice among ethnic populations
and by geographical location. For example, circumcision
may be common (60–70%) among men in the United
States, but is rare (1–5%) among men throughout Europe
and Latin America. Data from the National Health and
Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) [2] on the
frequency of circumcision in men in the United States
between 1999 and 2002 demonstrated that the overall
prevalence of circumcision was 79%, but it varied by race/
ethnicity: 41% in Mexican Americans, 78% in non-
Hispanic blacks, and 89% in non-Hispanic whites.
Among boys born in the 1980s, the prevalence of circum-
cision was 83%, a significant decrease from its peak of
91% in men born in the 1970s.
Epidemiological associations
Circumcision practices also vary widely by culture and
religious beliefs throughout sub-Saharan Africa and Asia.
It was this noted variance in circumcision practices in
sub-Saharan Africa that caused investigators to note an
initial association between HIV and the lack of male
circumcision in the late 1980s. These studies, referred
to as ecological studies, demonstrated a definitive geo-
graphiccorrelationofhigh HIVprevalenceinareaswhere
male circumcision israre. Ecologicalstudies,while highly
supportiveofanassociation between HIVacquisition and
lack of male circumcision, have been faulted due to
confounding of behavioral factors, religion, culture, and
geography. Extensive epidemiologic studies were there-
fore conducted to examine the relationship between the
practice of circumcision and HIV incidence. More than
40 epidemiologic studies have shown a significant associ-
ation between lack of male circumcision and acquisition
of HIV in men [3??,4??]. Several reviews have shown that
Page 2
Copyright © Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Unauthorized reproduction of this article is prohibited.Copyright © Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Unauthorized reproduction of this article is prohibited.
men is 1.8–11.2 times higher than in circumcised men
[5]. The protective effect appears to be strongest for
higher-risk men, with a subanalysis of 16 studies of
high-risk men showing that circumcised men were
70% less likely to contract HIV (relative risk 0.3). After
adjustment for likely confounders, such as marital status,
age, condom use, number of sexual partners, alcohol
consumption, income and education, the strength of
the association of HIV with lack of circumcision in-
creases. Among men who have sex with men studied
in the US, acquisition was increased twofold among
uncircumcised men compared with circumcised men,
although the population attributable risk was only 10%
due to the high frequency of circumcision in the US male
population [6?].
In Rakai, Uganda, among male partners of HIV-positive
women in regular sexual relationships, 40 of 137 (29%)
seroconverted over a 4-year period (P<0.001) [7]. A
similar association between circumcision and lack of
seroconversion was found among Nairobi men attending
STI clinics after a history of sex with seropositive com-
mercial sex workers [8]. In India HIV prevalence was
found to be seven times higher among uncircumcised
men and was independent of acquisition of other STIs
[9]. A 2004 population-based Kenya demographic and
health survey found a fourfold higher HIV prevalence
among uncircumcised men than circumcised men
In a recent study in Rakai, Uganda the effects of male
circumcision on HIV and STD acquisition were
examined in their female partners [13]. The incidence
of female HIV acquisition was 6.6 per 100 person-years
in wives of circumcised HIV-positive men compared
with 10.3 per 100 person-years in wives of HIV-positive
uncircumcised men. The risk of STDs in the female
partners of circumcised versus uncircumcised men was
also significantly reduced for trichomonas and bacterial
vaginosis but not for chlamydia and gonorrhea. The
sample size was too small to effectively examine the
effect of decreasing acquisition of herpes simplex virus
(HSV) or human papillomavirus. The risk for female
genital ulcer disease was also reduced in wives of
circumcised men but this was confounded due to the
low prevalence and incidence of HIV in these wives.
Turner and coworkers [14] also addressed the role of
men's circumcision status and women's risk for HIV in
Zimbabwean and Ugandan women. Among 4448 women,
23.2% reported at baseline that their primary partner was
circumcised. The hazard ratio for HIV acquisition com-
paring women whose primary partner was circumcised
with women whose primary partner was uncircumcised
was 0.75 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.53–1.06).
Following multivariate adjustment for country, recruit-
ment population, age, and hormonal contraceptive use,
the hazard ratio was attenuated. The study investigators
concluded that crude analyses suggested that women
partnered with circumcised men may be at lower HIV
risk, but the association was weakened with adjustment
for other risk factors, particularly age and recruitment
In a study by Drain and colleagues [15], the relationship
between male circumcision prevalence, religion, and
seven infectious diseases was evaluated using country-
specific data among 118 developing countries. In their
analysis, male circumcision was associated with lower
HIV prevalence and lower cervical cancer incidence
but not with reductions in HSV-2, syphilis, nor, as
expected, hepatitis C, tuberculosis, or malaria. In multi-
variate analysis controlling for religion, circumcision
was significantly associated with lower cervical cancer
incidence and lower HIV prevalence independent of
Muslim and Christian religion. Male circumcision was
also strongly associated with lower HIV prevalence
among countries with primarily sexual HIV transmission,
but not among countries with primarily injecting drug
user (IDU) transmission. These findings strengthen the
reported biological link between male circumcision and
STIs, including HIV and cervical cancer [16?,17,18].
Randomized clinical trials
Three randomized controlled trials were initiated to
assess the safety and efficacy of male circumcision in
reducing female-to-male HIV transmission in Kenya,
Uganda, and South Africa. In Uganda, a randomized
controlled trial of male circumcision of HIV-positive
men is underway in order to examine the effect of
male-to-female HIV transmission. The South African
study in Orange Farm [19??] was stopped prematurely
in mid-April 2005 on the recommendation of the study's
Data Safety Monitoring Board (DSMB) and the male
circumcision intervention was offered to the control
group. Trial data were analyzed and demonstrated a
60% protective effect (95% CI 40–80%) for adult male
circumcision. In that study a total of 3274 uncircumcised
men, aged 18–24years, were randomized to a control
group or an intervention group with follow-up visits at 3,
12, and 21months. Male circumcision was offered to the
intervention group immediately after randomization and
follow-up period was 18.1months when the study was
stopped prematurely by the DSMB. There were 20 HIV
infections (incident rate¼0.85 per 100 person-years) in
the intervention group and 49 (2.1 per 100 person-years)
in the control group, corresponding to a rate ratio of
0.40 (95% CI 0.24–0.68%; P<0.001). This rate ratio
corresponds to a protection of 60%. When controlling
for behavioral factors including sexual behavior, which
HIV infection and AIDS
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Copyright © Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Unauthorized reproduction of this article is prohibited.Copyright © Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Unauthorized reproduction of this article is prohibited.
increased slightly in the intervention group, condom use
and health-seeking behavior protection, the protective
effect was 61% (95% CI 34–77%).
This study provided the first experimental evidence of
the efficacy of male circumcision in protecting men
against HIV infection [20?,21]. The demonstration in
this study of a causal association between HIV infec-
tion and male circumcision is consistent with protection
suggested by metaanalysis of the observational studies
but with a higher protective effect. A major limitation of
this study is that participants were followed for only a
short period of time due to the cessation of the study by
the DSMB. Consequently, this study does not explore
the long-term protective effect of male circumcision.
Nevertheless, at least for the general population in South
Africa where this study took place, the trial clearly
documents the protective effect of circumcision, provid-
ing an efficacy rate analogous to what could be hopefully
expected from a vaccine trial. The study does not directly
address the impact of male circumcision on male-to-
female HIV transmission nor were the investigators able
to provide data on the effects on other STIs.
Since this study was limited to only one population in
South Africa, the World Health Organization (WHO) and
the United Nations Joint Programme on HIV/AIDS
(UNAIDS) have recommended that planning for male
circumcision in other areas including acceptability, feasi-
bility, and training be initiated while awaiting the out-
comes of the remaining two randomized control trials.
The two further randomized controlled trials ongoing in
the Rakai region of Uganda and the Kisumu region of
Kenya will hopefully provide additional information
regarding the efficacy of circumcision as a preventive
procedure [22]. The Ugandan trial is in a rural setting and
involves 5000participantsaged15–49years.TheKenyan
trial involves 2784 men aged 18–24years in an urban
setting. The two trials are due to be completed in 2007
and an interim review of the data was conducted in June
2006 with continuation of the study with a planned
analysis in December 2006.
Biological causality
Biological explanations for decreased susceptibility to
HIV in circumcised men include the ability of the
internal foreskin to absorb HIV more efficiently due to
the greater presence of Langerhans cells and other HIV
target cells, and the greater susceptibility of the foreskin
in the uncircumcised men to tears, abrasions, and infec-
tions by STIs and subsequently HIV. Circumcision may
also result in increased keratinization of the glands
when not protected by the foreskin, resulting in a short
drying period after sexual contact, reducing the life
expectancy of HIV on the penis after sexual contact with
an HIV-positive partner and reduction of total surface of
the skin of the penis and reduction of target cells which
are numerous in the foreskin. The finding of an increased
frequency of Langerhans cells and macrophages present
near the surface of the epithelium of the inner foreskin
where there is no or minimal keratin barrier suggests a
strong biological effect in susceptibility to HIV in uncir-
cumcised men. Thus, it is plausible that circumcision
reduces the risk of HIV acquisition through the penis by
physically removing HIV-1 target cells positioned close
to the mucosal surface of the inner foreskin. Primary
infection is most likely to occur when there is little or no
overlying protective layer of keratin, whereas in contrast
in a circumcised man, keratinized epithelium covers the
entire surface of the penis.
The results from Patterson et al. [23] suggest that men
with a history of STIs have a higher density of HIV target
cells on the inner mucosal surface of their foreskin than
men with no STI history. Donoval et al. [24?] also quan-
tified HIV-1 target cells in foreskin tissue obtained from
men aged 18–24years who were undergoing circumci-
sion in Kisumu, Kenya. Unlike Patterson et al. [23], they
did not find any differences in CD4þ cells between men
with or without a history of STIs. Langerhans cells and
macrophages, however, were more abundant in the group
with a history of infection. The densities and positions of
HIV target cells in the foreskin tissue of these Kenyan
men indicate that the inner mucosal surface of the human
foreskin contains cells that make it highly susceptible
to HIV infection. An elegant study by McCoombe and
Short [25??] demonstrated that both the inner aspect of
the foreskin and the frenulum are poorly keratinized
and are richly supplied with HIV-susceptible cells. Of
the cells tested, Langerhans cells are the most likely to
be encountered as they are most superficial and have
dendritic processes sampling a large epithelial surface
An alternative hypothesis for protection in circumcised
men was suggested recently by Wawer et al. [26?] in
Rakai, Uganda. In a metaanalaysis, Wawer et al. found
HIV acquisitionincircumcisedcompared withuncircum-
cised men was 0.29 (95% CI 0.20–0.41) in men with high-
risk behaviors compared with an adjusted relative risk of
0.56 (95% CI 0.44–0.70) in the general male population.
One hypothesis for why circumcision is more protective
risk of genital ulcer disease, a cofactor for HIV acquisi-
tion. Wawer et al. [26?] also suggested that the urethral
meatus represents a small area of vulnerable mucosa and
in circumcised men experiencing recurrent exposure to
low-dose HIV, antigenic stimulation by repeat subinfec-
tious inoculums may induce a mucosal immune response
enhancing protection over and above the reduced risk
afforded by removal of the foreskin per se. The induction
of this mucosal immunity has been observed in highly
Circumcision and HIV transmission Quinn 35
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Copyright © Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Unauthorized reproduction of this article is prohibited.Copyright © Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Unauthorized reproduction of this article is prohibited.
exposed but uninfected members of HIV-discordant
couples and in commercial sex workers among whom
there were enhanced mucosal CD8 T-cell responses and
HIV-1-specific immunoglobulin A [27,28]. Thus, circum-
cision may protect men by three possible mechanisms: an
anatomical mechanism consequent on the removal of all
vulnerable foreskin mucosa; the reduction of cofactors
such as genital ulcer disease; and the induction of a
mucosal immune response in the presence of repeated
antigen stimulation [26?].
Twelve published studies and two unpublished manu-
scripts found reasonable acceptability of circumcision
in Botswana, Kenya, Malawi, South Africa, Swaziland,
Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, and Zimbabwe ranging from
29 to 80% (mean 60%) [29,30?,31]. Men were asked
whether they would choose circumcision for themselves
and their sons and women were asked about acceptability
for their husbands and sons. In Botswana, a 1h infor-
mation session increased acceptance rates from 60 to
80%. In Malawi 32 focus group discussions were con-
ducted with 159 men and 159 women aged 16–80years.
Acceptability was lowest in the north where the practice
was little known, higher in younger participants, and
higher in central and southern districts where male
circumcision is practiced by a minority Muslim group.
Barriers to circumcision include fear of infection and
bleeding, cost, and pain. Facilitators include hygiene,
reduced risk of STI, religion, medical conditions, and
enhanced sexual pleasure. If male circumcision services
are introduced in Malawi, acceptance is likely to vary by
region but many parents and young men would use the
services if they were safe, affordable, and confidential.
These studies in which most of the uncircumcised
African men express interest in becoming circumcised
if performed safely and affordably highlighted the poten-
tial of the procedure as a population-level intervention to
reduce HIV spread. Nevertheless, cultural practices may
persist as barriers to male circumcision in certain selected
areas such as in India and Asia, where the procedure is
rarely practiced.
Safety and complications
Complications of circumcision include excessive bleed-
ing, infection, excessive pain, too much skin removed,
anesthetic complications, penile damage or amputation,
cosmetic complications, erectile dysfunction, psycho-
instruments and possibly death if appropriate treatment
of complications is not provided [32]. It should be noted
from most studies, however, that serious complications
are rare. Complications have been reported by fewer than
4% of the participants in the South African, Kenyan,
and Ugandan trials, and none of the complications were
life-threatening or serious. However, it is likely that
complications could increase if circumcision is scaled
up and performed in areas under nonsterile conditions
or by practitioners with little experience [33?]. In Zambia
16% of men are circumcised and HIV prevalence overall
is 16% [34]. According to their survey, meeting the
existing demand for circumcision services is hampered
by a shortage of skilled providers; lack of dedicated space
for health education, counseling, and surgery in existing
health facilities;shortage ofsupplies; highcost,especially
in the private sector; and the fact that this 'elective'
procedure is given low priority by healthcare providers
[35].Recommendationshavebeenmadefor circumcision
services to be prioritized and made part of a package that
includes male reproductive health services.
Due to the potential complications and the uncertainty of
benefit to a low-risk population, scaling up circumcision
as a preventive measure worldwide has met with some
controversy [36,37?,38,39?]. Fox and Thomson [40?]
argue strongly that it is ethically inappropriate to subject
children whether male or female to the acknowledged
risk of circumcision and contend that there is no compel-
ling legal authority for the common view that male
circumcision is lawful. They criticize the continued
professional willingness to tolerate the nontherapeutic,
nonconsensual excision of healthy tissue, arguing that in
this context both professional guidance and law are
uncharacteristically tolerant of risk inflicted on young
children given the absence of clear medical benefits.
Although published after the results of the trial of
the South African circumcision trial, the authors fail to
address the scientific evidence supporting the public
health effect of circumcision. Instead, they quote Benatar
and Benatar's [41] conclusion following a review of
the literature that none of the scientific evidence 'is
anywhere near conclusive'. It is likely that papers such
as this and others [42] will continue until the results of
the other two trials are completed and the effect of
circumcision is documented in populations other than
the completed trial on South Africa.
Circumcision as an HIV prevention
Mathematical models of implementing male circumci-
sion in countries with high incidence rates also suggest
marked reductions in HIV infection in men with sub-
sequent decreased transmission rates to women in a
cost-effective manner [43??]. Moses and colleagues [44]
presented two mathematical models regarding the public
health impact of male circumcision on HIV prevention.
With varying assumptions ranging from 50 to 80% uptake
ofcircumcision in apopulationinwhich 90%ofmenwere
uncircumcised, the introduction of male circumcision
resulted in large and sustained declines in HIV pre-
valence over time among both men and women. In a
random mixing model,decreases inHIVprevalence ofup
HIV infection and AIDS
Page 5
Copyright © Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Unauthorized reproduction of this article is prohibited.Copyright © Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Unauthorized reproduction of this article is prohibited.
to 60% among men and 30% among women were calcu-
lated. The authors concluded that large-scale uptake of
circumcision services in African countries where circum-
cision is rarely practiced and HIV prevalence is high
could lead to a substantial reduction in HIV prevalence
over time in both men and women. Lloyd-Smith and
coworkers [45] also used mathematical models to
measure the potential impact of circumcision on the
AIDS epidemic in Africa. In summary, they found that
increased circumcision coverage could avert 2.0 million
new HIV infections and 0.3 million deaths in the period
2005–2015 in sub-Saharan Africa. In the following
10years it could avert a further 3.7 million new infections
and 2.7 million deaths, with one quarter of all incident
cases prevented and deaths averted occurring in the
country of South Africa. Full circumcision coverage is
predicted to increase the proportion of infected people
that are women from about 52% to about 58%. Using a
conservative estimate, circumcision is equivalent to an
intervention such as a vaccine or increased condom use
that would reduce transmission from male to female and
female to male by 37%. Thus, while the protection of
HIV-negative people would be immediate, the full
impact of circumcision on HIV-related illness and death
would not be felt for 10–20years.
Kahn and coinvestigators [46] conducted a cost-
effectiveness model based on the completed South
African circumcision trial. At full male circumcision
coverage, each 1000 circumcisions would avert an esti-
mated 308 infections over 20years, two-thirds in men
and one-third in women. The cost is US$181 per HIV
infection averted, with net savings of US$2.4 million.
Cost-effectiveness is sensitive to the cost of male
circumcision and of averted HIV treatment, the pro-
HIV prevalence of 8.4%, the cost per HIV infection
averted is US$550 and net saving is US$753000. In
settings in sub-Saharan Africa with higher HIV pre-
valence among the general population, adult male
circumcision appears to be cost-effective when adjusted
for averted HIV medical cost savings.
Research overthepast 20years hasdemonstratedastrong
association between HIV infection and the lack of male
circumcision in sub-Saharan Africa, Asia, and the United
States. The completion of one randomized clinical trial of
male circumcision demonstrated a 61% protective effect
against HIV acquisition in South Africa, necessitating the
early termination of the trial and offering circumcision to
the control arm. Two additional randomized controlled
trials in Uganda and in Kenya are still underway and
recommendations regarding the integration of male cir-
cumcision as a preventive measure have been postponed
pending the results of the remaining trials. If these two
trials result in a significant protective effect due to
circumcision, it is likely that widespread male circumci-
sion could lead to a strong reduction in the spread of HIV
in high incidence areas such as sub-Saharan Africa. There
are concerns that still need to be addressed, however,
such as the change in sexual behavior, surgical compli-
surgical procedure for prevention of HIV. Consequently,
if male circumcision is to be introduced widely pending
the results of the two remaining trials, it will be crucial to
design programs that provide a balance between pro-
motion of male circumcision as an HIV prevention tool
and providing all individuals with the full spectrum of
other HIV prevention practices.
References and recommended reading
Papers of particular interest, published within the annual period of review, have
been highlighted as:
Additional references related to this topic can also be found in the Current
World Literature section in this issue (p. 90).
of special interest
of outstanding interest
Alanis MC, Lucidi RS. Neonatal circumcision: a review of the world's oldest
and most controversial operation. Obstet Gynecol Surv 2004; 59:379–395.
Xu F, Markowitz L, Sternberg M, Aral S. Prevalence of circumcision in men in
the United States: data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination
Survey (NHANES): 1999–2002. In: Program and abstracts of the XVI
International AIDS Conference; 13–18 August 2006; Toronto, Canada.
Abstract TUPE0395.
Siegfried N, Muller M, Deeks J, et al. HIV and male circumcision: a systematic
review with assessment of the quality of studies. Lancet Infect Dis 2005;
This Cochrane systematic review assessed the evidence of male circumcision in
reducing HIV risk in men through heterosexual intercourse. The authors concluded
that while most studies show an association between circumcision and prevention
of HIV, the results may be limited by confounding factors such as religion and
cultural practices.
Wilson D, de Beyer J. Male circumcision: evidence and implications. HIV/
AIDS M&E. 'Getting Results' series; October 2006. World Bank Global HIV/
AIDS Program.
An excellent review article that summarizes the ecological, epidemiologic, and
biological evidence associating lack of circumcision with increased risk for HIV.
The paper also describes the Auvert et al. randomized controlled trial of circumci-
sion [19??] and its policy implications.
Hayes R, Weiss H. Epidemiology: understanding HIV epidemic trends in
Africa. Science 2006; 311:620–621.
Buchbinder SP, Vittinghoff E, Heagerty PJ, et al. Sexual risk, nitrite inhalant
use, and lack of circumcision associated with HIV seroconversion in men who
have sex with men in the United States. J Acquir Immun Defic Syndr 2005;
One of the few papers that demonstrate that lack of circumcision increases HIV
risk among men who have sex with men.
Quinn TC. Circumcision and HIV transmission: the cutting edge. In: Program
and abstracts of the 13th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic
Infections; 5–8 February 2006; Denver, Colorado. Abstract 120.
among circumcised and uncircumcised Kenyan men. J Infect Dis 2005;
Reynolds SJ, Shepherd ME, Risbud AR, et al. Male circumcision and risk of
HIV-1 and other sexually transmitted infections in India. Lancet 2004;
Johnson K, Way A. Risk factors for HIV infection in a national adult population:
evidence from the 2003 Kenya Demographic and Health Survey. J Acquir
Immun Defic Syndr 2006; 42:627–636.
This paper suggests that differences in biological factors such as circumcision in
sexually transmitted infections may be equally or more important in assessing risk
for HIV than differences in sexual behavior.
11 Meier AS, Bukusi EA, Cohen CR, Holmes KK. Independent association of
hygiene, socioeconomic status, and circumcision with reduced risk of HIV
Circumcision and HIV transmission Quinn37


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Mehdi Hasan exposes misconceptions about the continent
Explore Japan through its offbeat train culture
29 Oct 2013 03:52 GMT | US & Canada, Latin America, Mexico, United States
At least five people were killed and thousands suffered power cuts after clashes and reprisals between Mexican vigilantes and members of a drug cartel known as the Knights Templar.
The weekend confrontations in the state of Michoacan followed a daring march by a self-defence force into the city of Apatzingan, the central stronghold of the pseudo-religious Knights Templar cartel.
State Interior Secretary Jaime Mares said soldiers and federal police had taken over security in Apatzingan following the clashes.
Since rising up in February against extortion by the Knights Templar, residents of a half dozen towns that formed self-defence patrols have lived without access to Apatzingan, a commercial and road hub that is home to the region's main hospital and markets.
Self-defence leaders said they finally grew tired of the cartel blocking services and commerce in an attempt to strangle their uprising and showed up on Friday in Apatzingan's outskirts, armed and ready to "liberate" the city.
They were turned back by soldiers who said they couldn't enter with weapons.
A convoy of hundreds of unarmed self-defence patrol members returned on Saturday and successfully entered the city, where they were met by gunfire, presumably from the Knights Templar.
"They attacked us with grenades and with M60 machineguns, judging by the bullet holes in some of our vehicles," self-defence leader Jose Manuel Mireles said Monday.
Mireles said the Knights Templar was apparently outraged by the invasion of their stronghold, and early on Sunday attacked defensive trenches constructed by the self-defence patrols near Apatzingan's outskirts.
Local police said five men were found dead following that attack, but Mireles said self-defence patrol members saw 12 dead cartel gunmen and lost one of their own.
Power cuts and fire bombs
Cartel members were suspected of attacking electrical stations in 14 towns in apparent retaliation, cutting power to about 400,000 people. About a half dozen petrol stations were also attacked.
The Interior Department said in a Sunday statement that fire bombs and several different types of guns were used, but did not identify the attackers.
"It was the Knights Templar who did it, to pressure the government and intimidate them into disarming the self-defence forces," said Hipolito Mora, leader of self-defence forces in the hamlet of La Ruana.
Although the government has said it won't tolerate vigilantes, it has let the self-defence forces operate in most towns.
The control of the Knights Templar group was once so complete that it would have been unthinkable for any rival to enter Apatzingan.
The Knights Templar often travelled in vehicles marked with its symbol, a red cross, and sponsored demonstrations calling for the federal police to leave the city.
Source: Agencies
Gunmen in disguise kill lieutenant of once-powerful Tijuana cartel during family children's party.
US & Canada, Latin America, Mexico, United States
Hurricane Raymond brings further flooding and mudslides to southwestern parts of Mexico
Environment, Humanitarian crises, Weather, Latin America, Mexico
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While targeting 'terrorists and junkies', Kremlin-backed strongman Kadyrov flaunts the law to safeguard moderate Islam.
Human Rights, War & Conflict, Chechnya
In Tripura, residents say barbed-wire barrier keeping out migrants threatens livelihoods - and their cultural spirit.
India-Bangladesh border, Asia
Thumbing its nose at the 'war on drugs', help for farmers has spurred a major drop in cocaine production since 2011.
Drugs, Agriculture, Bolivia
With the UN Security Council so often deadlocked, reformers are pushing to rein in the all-powerful veto.
War & Conflict, Human Rights, UN
Only residents, business owners and students will have access to area, after two attacks in less than 12 hours.
Middle East, Palestine, Israel, Jerusalem, East Jerusalem
US president offers "deepest condolences" for apparent US bombing of MSF-run hospital in Kunduz that killed 19 people.
War & Conflict, Asia, Afghanistan, NATO, Taliban
In a Delhi slum, puppeteers, musicians, jugglers and acrobats try to unite as they wrangle with an approaching eviction.
Business & Economy, Arts & Culture, Poverty & Development
An investigation into the high rate of child sex abuse in Jamaica and the government's failure to protect its children.
Human Rights, Jamaica, Rape
The story of the 1994 Rwandan genocide told through the prism of the media, exploring their role then and today.
Media, War & Conflict, Africa
How Kenya's female water tank masons are delivering measurable benefits to their communities - and their country.
Women, Africa, Kenya


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Yanmar Marine International (YMI) will show its new range of common-rail fuel injected marine diesel engines rated for leisure marine and workboat applications at METS 2015,
Mercury Marine informs it has signed a supply agreement with FPT Industrial to make the FPT 6.7L mechanically fuel injected NEF engines available for sale in global markets.
ClassNK has commenced verification tests of its next-generation condition-based monitoring (CBM) system ClassNK CMAXS e-GICSX for Mitsui's MAN B&W engines.
Offshore rig driller Seadrill is facing another two years in the doldrums but hopes the international rig market could turn around in 2017.
Rig rates have more
Italian oil company Eni has received permission from Norway's Petroleum Safety Authority to extend the use of a service rig on its troubled Arctic Goliat oil field offshore Norway until Nov.
Loading of tankers suspended, unclear when it will resume.
Oil spilled into the North Sea during the loading of a tanker at Norway's Statfjord field on Thursday, operator Statoil said.


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Is this restaurant good for couples?
Is this restaurant good for business?
Does this place serve sushi?
Does this restaurant serve Japanese food?
Does this restaurant accept reservations?
Is this restaurant good for dinner?
Does this restaurant offer delivery?
Is this restaurant good for breakfast?
Is this restaurant good for brunch?
Is this restaurant family-friendly?
Thanks for helping!
Great happy hour menu. Stopped in to get some $5 rolls before Minions with my girl and her son. Sat at the bar to get quick service. Bartender was pleasant and efficient. Treated us like regular guests even though we don't drink.
Great place to stop in for some sushi before a move at Harkins Theater. We really like the happy hour menu. The Tuna tower is REALLY GOOD too❤
San Francisco has the best sushi in the world, so we thought..... until we came to Sushi Zushi! We love it! They have great combinations and many different specialty rolls and a happy hour daily where they offer one of those special rolls for $5! So we love to come here and try a new roll along with our favorite...
we were in Southlake on business and this restaurant was right next to the office. We visited at lunch on a Tuesday and the place was practically empty. The wait staff was quick and attentive. We ordered the fried rice and a sashimi along with hot green tea. The sashimi was some of the best that we have had and...
Even though there aren't many of these restaurants, it feels like a sushi chain. The sushi was good but there was nothing special about it. No special fish to highlight or creative new items by the chef. Again, nothing bad about this place, it's just mid-range sushi.
We ordered from here and had it delivered to our hotel. Their menu is huge and has healthy selections. The delivery took a while but the food was worth it. Try it!
Very good, diverse menu, small portions, lots of money. This is probably the best sushi restaurant in Southlake but don't go hungry
My favorite dish here is the traditional Chirashi Bowl made with different types of fresh fish over sushi rice but the menu has a ton of options giving a diner a lot of options. The service is really exceptional- knowledgeable and eager to please. The wine list is more than adequate and you can get full bar service. The key...
Very delicious and imaginative sushi. I have never had a bad meal here. And love the happy hour specials. Exellent delivery service. My faves are the spicy edamame, the Tower - which the waiter will mix up for you, Tuna Poki - a very light and health conscious dish, and Strawberry Roll. Service is quick and efficient.
Good choices. We shared variety of sushi and sashimi dishes and order of gyosa.
Fish was fresh and all was good. Good variety of specialty drinks as well. Great place to catch good sushi and hang with some friends.
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There has been much publicising and much clamour in recent months over the new law governing certain skins used for sporran manufacture in Scotland. I would like to clear up some of the confusion that seems to be surrounding the debate.
On 24th June 2007 the headline on the BBC's website said, "Sporran wearers may need licence". This, as usual with the media, in itself is misleading and has caused consternation around the sporran wearing, selling, manufacturing base in Scotland. The article begins with:
"Kilt wearers could face prosecution if they do not have a licence for their sporran under new legislation which has been introduced in Scotland."
This in my opinion is extremely alarmist and again misleading when you find out the actual truth. Many people have contacted us in a blind panic that they are 1) Going to get their sporran which had been paid for with their hard earned cash, taken off of them by the Police, 2) Going to be arrested and be liable for a large fine, imprisonment or both for having legally bought a sporran from a bona fide retailer.
The article continues with the paragraphs:
"The laws are designed to protect endangered species like otters, whose fur used to be favoured by sporran makers.
The legislation applies to animals killed after 1994.
Applicants must prove that the animal was killed lawfully before they will be able to get a licence.
The conservation regulations were designed to close a number of loopholes and bring Scotland into line with other EU members."
Some of the information in this quote is correct but again it is very misleading. Otters ARE covered by this legislation but very few use this animal in the production of modern sporrans in fact you would have to hunt very hard to find one that does use it. The rest of the information is accurate in these paragraphs but what is the misleading part is that they refer to only one animal and seem to infer that this legislation covers all the skins that sporran makers use. This is simply UNTRUE.
The worst part of the BBC's article is that it has a picture of a badger with the caption, "The legislation is designed to protect animals like badgers". Absolute rubbish. Badgers are NOT one of the species involved in the legislation at all. The fact that the BBC's article has "like" badgers in it shows the usual journalistic tactic of "we don't really know but we will publish it anyway and it makes a good read."
The truth is that the legislation refers to all animals which are included in Annex IV(a) of the Habitats Directive. The list is about 180 animals long and in NO way has any of the more common sporran skins included in it.
A quote which is being given out by the Scottish Executive in regards this matter is as follows:
"New legislation, introduced on the 15th February 2007, has made it a legal requirement to have a licence to possess live or dead specimens / derivatives of any wild animal listed on AnnexIV(a) of the Habitats Directive, such as Eurasian Otter, Wildcat or Bat, NOT as was erroneously reported in the newspapers to Eurasian Badger, Common Seal, Grey Seal, Deer, Hedgehogs and Moles. The law in relation to these species has not changed at all."


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Select Local Merchants
Cole SportRead MoreAfter living in Utah for a decade, Gary and Jana Cole fell in love with the mountains, inspiring them to open their namesake store in 1982 as a means of helping others enjoy the region's snowy slopes and rugged trails. At four locations throughout Park City, alpine adventurers can rent or buy name-brand skis and snowboards to replace their trusty but outdated cafeteria trays, gear up with fashionable and practical snow-sport apparel from brands such as Kjus and Bogner, or bring in worn-out equipment for expert repairs. In the summer, Cole Sport helps athletes return to the outdoors after a fear of yetis kept them cooped up inside all winter. Cyclists test out models from a fleet of Giant road, mountain, and cruise bikes at the Giant Bicycles concept store, and aquatic athletes can find Surftech stand-up paddleboards to help them explore Utah's natural lakes and in-ground pools.7620 Royal StPark City, UT US
Resort Center Ice Skating RinkRead MoreGleaming under the pale light of the winter sun, blades slice along the smooth surface of Resort Center Ice Skating Rink, sending icy dust spraying in their wake. Surrounded by the quaint, Bavarian-style walls of the Village shopping center, the outdoor oval beckons guests wishing to discover what ice skating was like before indoor rinks confined it and ice sharks rendered neighborhood ponds off-limits. Periodically throughout each public-skate session, a zamboni buffs the subzero sheet to present skaters with a surface as smooth and gentle as the festive tunes filling the air. Guests circle around hand-in-hand, remarking on the surrounding Christmas lights and fir trees while fledgling skaters focus on their footing and grasp complimentary ice-skate trainers for balance. Between pirouettes or mad dashes across the rink, hands can warm up with steaming mugs of hot chocolate in the skate house.1415 Lowell Ave.Park City, UT US
Willow Creek Golf ShopRead MoreIf you love a good physical and mental challenge, you will love the golf courses at Willow Creek Golf Shop in Sandy. Service and taste make a great restaurant, and that's why you won't be disappointed by this course. Parking is plentiful, so visitors can feel free to bring their vehicles.8505 S Willow Creek DrSandy, UT US
Willow Creek Country Club, PoolRead MoreGolfers are sure to love the course at Willow Creek Country Club, Pool in Sandy. Parking is plentiful, so visitors can feel free to bring their vehicles.8300 S 2700 ESandy, UT US
Shaolin ArtsRead MoreWhat services does your business offer and what makes your business stand out from the competition? Our programs give you tools that you can use to enhance your daily life. What are you capable of? Most people are capable of much more than they think. Will you Unlock your potential with us? What's one tip for first-time students that will make them feel like veterans? Breathe and relax. Everyone here has had a first day and knows how frightening it can be. Come in with the mindset of learning and enjoying. What was the inspiration to start or run this business? It's all about the students. What is your potential, how do you make small, meaningful improvements day after day that will allow you to influence the course of your life in Mind, Body, and Spirit? What do you love most about your job? I love how martial arts takes people on a personal journey. It gives them skills, techniques and a safe environment to learn. I love teaching.8536 S 1300 ESandy, UT US
Bobby Lawrence KarateRead MoreMartial arts at Sandy's Bobby Lawrence Karate is a great workout that will leave you feeling Zen. What's a fine studio without fine dining to accompany it? Be sure to pick up a tasty meal when you visit their great restaurant. Both the young and the young-at-heart will dig the family-oriented activities and atmosphere at this studio. Kickboxing is a great way to whip your whole body into shape. Sign up for a class today. If you're inspired by MMA fighting on television, try one of these MMA classes. Parking is plentiful, so guests can feel free to bring their vehicles.1270 E 8600 SSandy, UT US


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ORLANDO, FL – 1993: Shaquille O'Neal #32 of the Orlando Magic flexes for the camera during a team practice in Orlando, Florida circa 1993. NOTE TO USER: User expressly acknowledges and agrees that, by downloading and or using this photograph, User is consenting to the terms and conditions of the Getty Images License Agreement. Mandatory Copyright Notice: Copyright 1993 NBAE (Photo by Barry Gossage/NBAE via Getty Images)
NBA 7hr ago
Bradley Beal throws down one-handed jam on Knicks rookie Kristaps Porzingis
A nice welcome to the NBA.
NHL 7hr ago
Dylan Larkin's first NHL goal was a thing of beauty
It has been awhile since the Detroit Red Wings had a rookie like Dylan Larkin. In his first NHL game at Joe Louis Arena Friday night, the Red (…)
NASCAR 7hr ago
Austin Dillon has close encounter with pre-race fireworks at Charlotte Motor Speedway
That could have been bad.
NBA 8hr ago
Timofey Mozgov plays dodgeball in an amazing, awkward commercial
MLB 11hr ago
Rangers outlast Blue Jays in thrilling 14-inning battle
Rangers win, 6-4.
NCAAF 11hr ago
Tiger Stadium will be mostly empty for the LSU-South Carolina game
Looks like nobody is going to the LSU-South Carolina game at Tiger Stadium this weekend. The game was supposed to be in Columbia, (…)
Not Sports But Whatever 12hr ago
Unbelievable video of a woman doing donuts and ramming into a police car
This is a 10-minute video that is worth every second. It's filled with high speed action, police, and is narrated with (…)


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Surf Like a Gentleman with Brad Gerlach
October 9th, 2015
Join SWELL, babes and bikinis to help Heal Japan. This Saturday, May 7th, SWELL will be sponsoring the Heal Japan swimwear show in beautiful Laguna Beach, California at the Blue Laguna Restaurant & Lounge. The show will feature SWELL's newest swim lines to hit the site, plus a few sneak peak styles to be available later this month! Bikini-clad babes will be struttin' in Eberjey, Salt Swimwear and Luli Fama (to name a few). A percentage of profits will be donated to HealJapan.org, a non-profit organization determined to raise funds to bring to Japan in person and give to the people of Japan that have been and are continued to be affected by the disastrous earthquake and tsunami. Heal Japan was started by Laguna Beach local Chris Walthall and professional surfer (and swell model) Ryah Arthur.
Come back later today for a Q&A with Chris!! Anyone can come to the show (anyone 21+ that is), so you should definitely be there! It's only a $5 entrance fee and the towels drop at 10:30pm. See you there!Thank you for visiting the Swell blog. Visit us on www.facebook.com/swell for more exclusive fan offers, giveaways and more.
You (+ your friends/family!)
SWELL Earth Day Celebration
Online & at San Onofre State Beach
4/22/11 – Join us all day online and/or show up to the beach clean up at 10am
Come help preserve our beaches and oceans + score some free swag along the way
Click HERE to join us online!
SAN CLEMENTE, CA- The Follow the Light Foundation (FTLF) is calling all photographers to submit their applications for its annual $5,000 grant in honor of the late Larry "Flame" Moore. The deadline is one month from today: entries must be received no later than May, 17, 2011.
The FTLF was founded after Moore's passing to ensure that up-and-coming surf photographers continue to get the recognition and support they deserve. Flame — legendary Photo Editor of SURFING Magazine for more than three decades — made it a priority to teach and inspire anyone with a passion for photography. This grant helps keep that legacy alive. The application and details can be found on the FTLF website. (folllowthelightfoundation.org)
Now in its sixth year, the FTLF continues to recognize photographers on the rise and help fuel their vision. During this year's submission process, photographers will edit their images and cue it to the music of their choice. The "visual presentations" of the Top 5 finalists will then be shown at an awards night at the Shorebreak Hotel during the US Open of Surfing on Tuesday, August 2. "Recognizing the world's best up-and-coming surf photographers fits right in with the spirit of the US Open of Surfing," says FTLF sponsor Bob Hurley. "It's so fun to see such an amazing showcase of young talent in one place — very inspiring."
Judging from the career paths of past winners, the FTLF recipients will continue to inspire. 2010 recipient Morgan Maassen is quickly becoming the surf world's freshest eye. Former winners Chris Burkard and Todd Glaser and Ray Collins are three of the most prolific and talented photographers in the sport today, and they all give credit to Flame and FTLF for helping their dream job come true. "It was such an honor to be picked for this grant," said 2008 winner Todd Glaser. "To be recognized and critiqued by legends like Aaron Chang — and get funding on top of it — will always stand as a career highlight."
To help round out the wide spectrum of gifted photographers, FTLF will be honoring the late Leroy Grannis this year, a surf photography pioneer and founder of Surfing Magazine.
Follow The Light also wants you to be a judge. The People's Choice Award will be a text to vote format, where you can vote for your favorite. Winner will be announced at the Shorebreak Hotel.
To submit an application, contact Peter Taras (firstname.lastname@example.com) or Jeremiah Klein (firstname.lastname@example.com).
The FTLF is proud to be working with Surfing Magazine, SWELL, Hurley and Oakley to provide this year's grant. For more information, go to followthelightfoundation.org.
About Follow the Light: On October 10th, 2005, the surfing community lost one of its most influential figures. After a nearly three-year battle with brain cancer Larry "Flame" Moore, the Photo Editor of SURFING Magazine for 30 years, passed. He left behind a legacy of brilliant photography and an army of photographers trained by him. Through his work at SURFING Magazine, Larry literally gave three decades of surfing their "look." Today, honoring Larry's request, we have established Follow the Light Foundation (FTLF), an organization that will help finance the dreams of surf photographers, pushing the sport and its lensmen forward.
CHANGE TODAY: The Texas Organic Connection from Billabong USA on Vimeo.
Support organic farming and cotton…"it's not just hippies in California that are doing it."
What's in it for you? Less pesticides released into the oceans/lakes/groundwater. Watch the video for more reasons to buy orgnaic apparel.
Click HERE to shop organic apparel


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Erich, over at Tactical Intelligence, has put together a great video demonstrating a small but powerful stove. One of the basic principles of preparedness is thinking in terms of layers and back-ups. A "rocket stove" like this, fueled by either charcoal or small amounts of wood, is a great back-up to your electric or gas stove. We haven't yet purchased any type of camp stove, but those are dependent on fuel, which may or may not be in plentiful supply in the future. Watch this video, and you'll understand why I just had to buy it!
If you decide this is a must-have, Erich has a discount code on his blog for 5% off.
There may be links in the post above that are "affiliate links." This means if you click on the link and purchase the item, I will receive an affiliate commission, which does not affect the price you pay for the product. Regardless, I only recommend products or services I use personally and believe will add value to my readers.© Copyright 2010 The Survival Mom, All rights Reserved. Written For: The Survival Mom
Latest posts by The Survival Mom (see all)
- 13 Reasons a Rural Retreat May Not Be the Safe Refuge You Might Think - September 26, 2015
- "How To Be A Prepper" — FREE Webinar Recording - September 17, 2015
- September Skill of the Month: Primitive Camping - September 3, 2015
- What I Wish I Had Done Differently - August 22, 2015
- I'm Concerned About Water Safety. Are You? - August 17, 2015


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Break through the line formed by your opponents.
A swimming pool tag game where you can only tag specific body parts.
A game of hide and seek done in groups.
A relay race where you transport water from a bowl to a glass. Fill it up and win!
A group game where the 'detective' tries to guess the murderers identity before the whole group is killed.
Pick up a paper bag with your mouth with only one foot on the floor.
A game where players try to sneak up on the caller without getting caught.
Earn points for your team by tossing rings onto targets with different point values.
The game is a game of tag where you swim quietly.
A game of "simon says" with a nautical twist.
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2040 Vision
Strategic Framework
For the last 25 years, we have been successfully helping people in the West build the communities they want to live in while preserving the West that brought them here. Discover our vision for our next 25 years.
Arizona Public Media
I-11 Corridor Initiative
In a recent PBS piece, our Sun Corridor Program Director talks about Sonoran's involvement in the project's development. He goes on to discuss the Environmental Impact Statement process and the critical concept of integrated infrastructure. As always, it is vitally important that stakeholders work together from start to finish.
EPA Clean Power Plan
The Sonoran Institute prepares a statement on today's release of the U.S. EPA's Clean Power Rules in order to discuss the platform for our study to be released next month. We will reveal how large-scale solar can do far more in meeting the EPA's emissions targets than originally envisioned in the rule.
Western Issues
The Sonoran Institute works on a range of core issues that define how the West is growing and changing with:
- long-term projects in selected regional landscapes
- expert research and analysis
- networking and community-based training
- a systematic focus on state and federal policy reform
- strategic partnerships and other collaborative conservation approaches
The goal is a West with healthy lands, resilient economies and vibrant communities where civil dialogue and collaboration are hallmarks of decision-making, where people and wildlife live in harmony, and where clean water, air and energy are assured.
Changing Economy
Open space, outdoor recreation, sublime scenery, access to protected public land, and quality of life give the West a competitive advantage in the changing global economy. The Sonoran Institute works toward a vision of the West where conservation and prosperity go hand-in-hand.
Climate Change
Impacts of climate change are evident across the West and are expected to intensify. The Institute is ramping up its work to help Western communities reduce and adapt to impacts.
An Institute workshop helps Western communities plan for secure, clean energy futures, and more work to promote sustainable energy is on our agenda, along with assistance for communities facing the environmental, economic and social impacts of conventional energy development.
The Sonoran Institute addresses growth issues on several fronts from promoting sustainable development to assisting counties with land use planning to working for smart growth policies.
Land & Water Conservation
Scientists, planners, researchers and other Sonoran Institute staff work on collaborative projects to conserve and protect land and water resources across Western North America.
Policy Reform
Reform of state and federal growth and land-use policies can give counties, communities and public-land managers the tools, authority and funds to better manage growth, ensure sustainable resource use, and protect our natural heritage.


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Oklahoma Aeronautics... Pictures
Oklahoma Aeronautics Commissioner Rick Armstrong. unknown - PROVIDED
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- 5681Oklahoma football: Jay Norvell grateful he'll be back in the Cotton Bowl, even on the other sideline
- 4743Oklahoma County sheriff's office disputes claims by state senator's wife after her arrest
- 4620Oklahoma State football: Dana Holgorsen's imprint on Cowboy offense fades five years after leaving for West Virginia
- 3704OU fans are expected to break the Cotton Bowl's 'Great Divide'
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NALS of Tucson & So. AZ is a local chartered chapter of NALS, Inc., a multi-level 501(c)(6) professional association. NALS is a leader in the legal services industry, offering numerous opportunities for education and professional development by providing continuing legal education, professional certifications, scholarships, and training to anyone who has chosen the legal services industry as their career.
Join us for our monthly CLE After Hours educational session and general membership meeting on the third Thursday of the month from 5:30 to 7:30 p.m. We have networking and dinner service from 5:30 to 5:40 p.m. followed by a very short synopsis of what the Board has discussed at their last meeting, followed by educational sessions beginning at 6 p.m.thst typically last for one hour.
September 18 and 19, 2015
TPA/NALS Joint CLE Seminar
"Women In Law"
Westward Look Resort
Presented by
Tucson Paralegal Association
in cooperation with
NALS of Tucson & So. AZ
(Special price for NTSA members)
MEMBERS: It's that time again!
Nominate your boss for the coveted
Boss of the Year Award.
To meet the needs of our members and the legal community for Continuing Legal Education (CLE) credits, NALS of Tucson & So. AZ meets monthly for CLE After Hours educational sessions. NALS of Arizona, our state affiliate chapter, offers semi-annual educational conferences throughout the state. NALS also offers educational conferences in March and October in locations around the country, connecting members and the legal community nationwide for education and professional development.
Click here for more info on attending a national conference
Click here for more info on attending a national conference


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"(I) think about 'The Lion King,' Simba gets hit over the head and (he's told) 'the past can hurt,' " Harbaugh said Monday afternoon. "'You can either run from it or embrace it and learn from it.'
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