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Assault Lawyers in the USA
Assault Lawyers in the USA ► Other Countries
All Articles »Assault Lawyers USA - Recent Legal Articles
- When Should I Call the Police?
by HG.org
Many people may be hesitant to involve law enforcement in their daily lives. However, there are certain times when the police should be called to help protect citizens and their rights.
- Escalating and Deescalating Murder Charges
On June 5, 2011, there was a case of a transgendered female who was out for a night on the town when she and some of friends were harassed by a group of young men. It started out with harsh words and eventually descended into violence. When she walked away, she was assaulted by one of the men, and she took a pair of scissors from her purse. She stabbed the assaulter, leading to his death.
- What Do I Do If Attacked In A Public Place?
by HG.org
Many find it surprising to know that violence has actually been on a steady decline for decades. Unfortunately, it does still happen. Often, altercations occur in a public location, such as a bar or club, a store, or a park or public street. When an attack occurs, what can you do to defend yourself and who is liable for any harm you suffer?
- Bill Cosby's Latest Sexual Assault Accusations
Comedian and actor, Bill Cosby, is no stranger to the spotlight, but his recent media attention has not been favorable.
- The Law of Self Defense
Most Americans believe that they can legally use force to protect themselves in the event of an attack, or the threat of death or bodily injury by another. What most Americans don't realize is that the law of self defense is not always applicable as a defense.
- Collateral Consequences Continue to Impact Individuals
Everyone makes mistakes. Those of us who have made impulsive or uniformed decisions in our lives may have suffered severe consequences for them, such as being arrested or serving time in jail.
- Differences Between Assault and Aggravated Assault
Assault and aggravated assault charges in Florida differ based on a variety of factors, including if a deadly weapon was involved in the offense and who is the alleged victim. Assault generally is a misdemeanor with possible jail time, but aggravated assault is a felony offense with harsher penalties.
- Accidental Shooting in New Jersey Involving Police Officer
A 23 year old Pine Beach police officer has been suspended without pay, arrested for drunk driving, and could face criminal charges for a shooting incident that occurred shortly before 6:00 am on Friday, January 16, 2015 in Lacey Township, NJ. The Ocean County Prosecutor's Office is investigating the shooting and has indicated that the shooting may have been accidental.
- Domestic Violence: A Heavy Accusation
Domestic violence is a serious accusation and can have devastating effects on the life of those accused.
- Domestic Violence Offenses in the Tampa Bay Area
In Florida, domestic violence is defined as any assault, battery, sexual assault, sexual battery, stalking, kidnapping, false imprisonment, or any criminal offense resulting in injury or death of one family or household member by another family or household member.


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Suunto T1C Heart Rate Monitor Sports Watch – 30 Reading(s) – Black
|List Price:
|Get it For $78.50 at Buy.com
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|Suunto T1C is a reliable heart rate monitor for those who are just starting their exercise routine. It displays heart rate during exercise, intensity range, kilo calories burned and average and maximum heart rates. In group cycling situations, another cyclist's heart rate may interfere with the functioning of your heart rate monitor, displaying another person's rate or shutting down the device completely. The new coded Suunto heart rate monitor eliminates such interference. If needed, the user can also check and change the code. The heart rate monitor helps cyclists pace themselves on very long rides and directs training to the correct level in more rigorous exertions.
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All Comments (15)
That's not a blowjob, it's ANOTHER video of a guy jerking off.
we girls should NEVER use our hands on a blow job, ALWAYS let him come in the mouth & we must always SWALLOW & suck till the last drop & then keep the cock in our mouth until it is rock hard again.....
Nice, but all us girls who give good blow jobs should swallow!
id love having my dick sucked like that and me and her have similar tits
what a freakin blowjob that is.....WOW!
Reminds me of an ex, who used to love to make me gag.
whats her name=?
SHe is Hot
Fuck Sake let the girl finish you off, Don't wanna see some toosser chucking his load that,s the girl job! With that exception the girl has a fantastic body, good looking and great set of milk squirters
jaclyn case, ex-pornstar
Wow. I love this girl. So sexy. I love all of her noises!


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It's hard to imagine cars without highways, but once there were only dirt roads. Then a century ago the Lincoln Highway, built of bricks and concrete, created a dream of the future. And Nebraska helped make it happen.
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Djokovic reaches 17th straight Slam quarterfinalThe Associated Press | July 02,2013AP Photo
Novak Djokovic reacts after defeating Tommy Haas during Mondays Wimbledon singles action in London.LONDON In 2011, Novak Djokovic figured out the grass at Wimbledon and found himself holding the trophy at the All England Club for the first time.
This year, by his own estimate, Im actually playing better tennis on grass than I played two years ago.
The top-seeded Djokovic defeated No. 13 Tommy Haas 6-1, 6-4, 7-6 (4) on Monday to advance to his 17th straight Grand Slam quarterfinal. He still hasnt lost a set in the tournament.
I feel good about myself in this moment, Djokovic said. Im No. 1 in the world. I have no reason to be concerned about my game.
Despite falling behind a break in the second set, then enduring a few tense moments in the third, the Serb was never really in trouble as he moved a step closer to his seventh Grand Slam title.
In the second set, he got broken to fall behind 3-2, then lost one more game before winning the final four to close it out.
In the third set, he failed to serve out the match at 5-3 and wasted a match point in the next game before closing out the tiebreaker with a forehand winner on his fourth match point. He has yet to drop a set in this tournament.
It was a great match from my side, Djokovic said. Minor setback in the third set. I allowed him an opportunity to come back to the match. But a great tiebreak and Im really glad to finish in three.
On Wednesday, Djokovic faces No. 7 Tomas Berdych, who reached his first Wimbledon quarterfinal since he was the runner-up in 2010 by beating Bernard Tomic 7-6 (4), 6-7 (5), 6-4, 6-4.
Djokovics quarterfinal streak is the longest active streak and third longest in the Open era behind Roger Federers 36 and Jimmy Connors 27 straight appearances in the final eight. Federers streak ended when he was upset in the second round last week.
Federers loss, combined with Rafael Nadals first-round departure and a number of other upsets, created a wide-open feel on the side opposite Djokovics in the draw. No. 2 Andy Murray is the only player on that side left among the top 20 seeds.
But on Djokovics side, all four players seeded to be in the quarterfinals have made it: The winner of Djokovic-Berdych will play the winner of the quarterfinal between No. 4 David Ferrer and No. 8 Juan Martin del Potro, the 2009 U.S. Open champion.
Struggling with a sore big toe, Ferrer beat Ivan Dodig, 6-7 (3), 7-6 (6), 6-1, 6-1, while del Potro overcame a painful left knee, which he hyperextended on Saturday, to top 23rd-seeded Andreas Seppi, 6-4, 7-6 (2), 6-3.
I think in these kind of matches, in quarterfinals, all the players feel something, del Potro said.
If Djokovic is feeling anything, it isnt showing. He said his history against Haas he was 0-2 against the German on grass made him a little nervous coming into the match.
I just wanted to kind of focus on my game and what I want to do, Djokovic said. I started extremely well. That was obviously helping me to feel confident on the court.MORE IN Wire Sports
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Latest from The Spokesman-Review
Union Gospel To Open CdA Facility
Item: Union Gospel Mission plans to expand women's program/Alison Boggs, SR
More Info: For the first time in its 60-year history, the faith-based nonprofit organization would like to offer that same opportunity to women outside of Spokane. The Union Gospel Mission, which runs three Spokane shelters, now plans to expand to 2.8 acres recently purchased in Coeur d'Alene.
Question: Is a Union Gospel Mission program for women needed in Coeur d'Alene?


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Sea View - Jaw dropping villa in Mykonos island
From $785 / night
Description from the manager
Description from the manager
Bedrooms: 4/
Bathrooms: 5/
Sleeps: 8/
Type: Villa
Why we love this villa in Mykonos :
• Panoramic views of the Aegean Sea
• Ambience of total relaxation
• High standard experience with Gym and tennis court in the facilities
The250 m2 Villa Sea View is a detached building located in the Fanari area, the region with the highest elevation on the island, giving the villa a stunning panoramic view of sunsets, sunrises, the Aegean see and the town of Mykonos.
Villa Sea View is surrounded by palm trees and flower decorated gardens, where the guests can relax and enjoy outdoor meals and drinks.
The inside architecture and decoration is extremely luxurious and consists of different details and comforts. ...Read more
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About the manager
Blue Villas Collection
Blue Villas Collection
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- Calendar updated: 11 days ago
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Additional Location Information
* To town: 5 km
* To closest beach: 1,5 km
* To airport: 5 Km
* To new port: 1,5 km
Getting There
Nearest airport, 4.97 miles
Nearest ferry port, 1.49 miles
Car is recommended
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State Rests Case, Defense Begins in 'Loud Music' Trial
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Don't feel guilty or beat yourself up about not shedding a few extra pounds. The gym is for losers! Instead, raid your jewelry box. I know you're thinking: What do accessories have to do with looking thinner? Well, keep reading to find out.
If we were that guy, we wouldn't let Aubrey O'Day lick us. I mean, who knows where that tongue has been? [Perez Hilton]
Can you believe Mariah Carey and Nick Cannon will celebrate their one year anniversary in less than three months? Who would have thought they'd last this long? [Dlisted]
Kanye West's alleged girlfriend…


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Just Engaged: An Online Connection Leads To The Altar view
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Tangara, a dancer, and Brian, a musician, have been perfectly in tune since day one. Three years after they met at the Montreal Jazz Festival, he proposed by staging a fake audition just for her. She landed the role of a lifetime -- his wife-to-be.
"The most exciting part about being engaged is knowing that we will be together...
"The most exciting part about being engaged is knowing that we will be together forever," Brian says. "Even before we were engaged we were in love and that hasn't changed."
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We know it's never polite to ask a woman her age, but it's not every day you turn—gasp!—30. Italian brand Radà is celebrating its anniversary by offering this limited-edition statement piece that combines pearls, crystals and chains into a messy-yet-extraordinary piece. Reminds us of days when our grandmother's jewelry box was a treasure chest for playing dress-up. Only 300 of the handcrafted pieces will be produced, making it the perfect celebratory item for any fabulous occasion. But do we ever really need an excuse to celebrate? Here's to La Dolce Vita!
Call +39 02 832 424 62 or go to www.rada.it.
For commercial purposes, extract supplements can be obtained from the fruit of the pericarp. Garcinia cambogia reviews is performed by a physician Chen and Oz to prove that it is an herb for weight loss, a lot of research has been done. Studies, Garcinia cambogia extract supplementation decreases the weight of the body fat accumulation, was shown to have a positive effect on prevention. We are important substances such as cholesterol (LDL), reduces the serum leptin and triglycerides. In addition, it will increase the level of serotonin and cholesterol (HDL). The study also, Garcinia cambogia extract supplements, has proven that there are no significant adverse effects on many of the eight weeks, such as its use.


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Losing $100m today was just a blip in Informa's success
April 29, 2013 was a rare bad day for Informa. At the time of publishing, shortly before trading closed in London, the firm was…Read More
April 29, 2013 was a rare bad day for Informa. At the time of publishing, shortly before trading closed in London, the firm was…Read More
It's just been announced that 12 year Informa veteran Steve Holtham is replacing Ovum managing director Brett Azuma "with immediate effect". The press release…Read More
Ovum, which has been the leading European-headquartered analyst firm for around twenty years, has been going through a lot of change. That seems to…Read More
PAC's hiring today of John Leigh, a BPO industry heavyweight, reflects the general trends towards the growth in the market for custom consulting. Leigh,…Read More
Datamonitor's decision to integrate Butler, Ovum and the Datamonitor Technology business is looking like the major strategic move by one of the analyst firms…Read More
Last week's meeting of the IIAR invited a delegation from Datamonitor, including John Leigh, who heads the tech research at Datamonitor and its Ovum…Read More
Informa, which owns Datamonitor, Ovum and Butler, stays on the shelf after Providence Equity Partners walked away from its planned purchase of the group….Read More
A quick 'heads up' from Richard:Informa gets bid from private equity consortium led by Providence Equity. Depending on whose maths you trust, the bid…Read More
Guest post by Aleksandra Bosnjak, Lead TMT Analyst at StrategyEye, in advance of our recent webinar. Informa, the UK-based B2B publishing and conference giant…Read More
As recession edges closer a number of analysts are being tempted by better offers elsewhere. Some of the recent departures in the UK include…Read More


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Patriot Construction, Inc.
B-407268: Nov 28, 2012
Additional Materials:
- Full Report:
Ralph O. White
(202) 512-8278
(202) 512-4800
(202) 512-8278
Office of Public Affairs
(202) 512-4800
Patriot Construction, Inc., of Stockton, California, a small business, protests the award of a contract to K.O.O. Construction, Inc., of Sacramento, California, under request for proposals (RFP) No. VA261-12-R-0055, issued by the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA), for storm drain expansion at the VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Menlo Park Division, in California. Patriot argues that the VA failed to reject K.O.O.'s proposal because the firm's contractor license was suspended at the time of both proposal submission and award.
We deny the protest.
Oct 6, 2015
- Precise Management, LLCB-411708
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Oct 5, 2015
- Health Innovation and Technology VentureB-411608.2
Oct 1, 2015
- Protect the Force, Inc.--ReconsiderationB-411897.3
- Rante Corporation--ReconsiderationB-411188.2
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An "Air Shuttle" flight taxiing for departure to PHX.
One of the two morning "Amflight" arrivals on short final for 16R.
"Southwest 3424" departing on a cold early December morning for LAS.
"American 98" starting its climb to the flight levels for the flight to ORD.
"Christoff" on the takeoff roll.
"American 87" (AAL87) on short final for 34L, completing its flight from ORD.
"Rozanna" climbing away from RNO into the flight levels.
"Rozanna" seconds from touching down on 16R during a chilly sunrise.
"Amflight 1091" (AMF1091) taxiing to 34L for departure to SFO on a stormy afternoon.
"Southwest 170" (SWA170) slowing down on 34L after its flight from LAX.
"Skywest 6484" (SKW6484) rolling on 16R for the short flight to SFO.
"Cactus 57" (AWE57) starting the takeoff roll on 34L for the flight to PHX.
UPS heavy 'bus climbing off of 16R.


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Suspect In Deadly SXSW Crash Pleads Not GuiltyThe suspect in last year's deadly South By Southwest crash in Austin has pleaded not guilty to capital murder and murder charges.
10 Reasons To Make Austin, TX Your Next VacationAustin ranks among the best cities in America in several categories, including best bike cities, most fittest and most vegan friendly
Trooper Reprimanded For Photo With Snoop Dogg Files LawsuitA Texas trooper has sued his bosses after he was reprimanded for taking a picture with rapper Snoop Dogg at South by Southwest.
Bobby Patterson May Be The Greatest Singer You've Never Heard OfHe is the hidden gem of Dallas who as 71-years-old, is still searching for that hit. Bobby Patterson just might be the greatest singer you have never heard of in your life.
Man Kicked Off Southwest Flight Over Lewd T-ShirtA man flying from Dallas to Chicago on Southwest Airlines was denied reboarding in St. Louis allegedly over vulgar language on t-shirt.
Miley Cyrus Surprises Crowd At SXSW Rap EventMiley Cyrus surprised the audience Thursday during a South by Southwest event featuring a slew of rappers, including her producer Mike WiLL Made-It.
The Weeknd Gives Sultry SXSW PerformanceThe R&B singer performed Thursday on the second night of the "YouTube at SXSW" event at the Coppertank Events Center.
Mary J. Blige Shines At Unofficial SXSW ShowMary J. Blige performed for a feverish crowd Tuesday night in an event not sponsored by South by Southwest, another sign of such unofficial concerts rivaling the festival.
SXSW, St. Patrick's Day & Spring Break All On The Same DayIt was a combination many concert attendees in Austin on Tuesday had waited all year to happen -- St. Patrick's Day, Spring Break and the South By Southwest music festival.
Safety A Priority At This Year's SXSW Festival After 2014 DWI Crash
SXSW To Feature Safety Changes, After 4 Killed Last YearSnoop Dogg, J. Cole and TV on the Radio will be there, but what's really getting attention at this year's South by Southwest music festival is safety.
'Breakfast Club' Cast Members Attend SXSW Anniversary ScreeningEnsuring film-lovers won't forget about them, actresses Molly Ringwald and Ally Sheedy reminisced about making "The Breakfast Club" at a Texas screening of the fully-restored iconic 1985 film.


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Jean Dunnaback
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Cat 311 Excavator with thumb. 6700 Hours, excellent condition. For more information and appointment call 315-420-8011.
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Web Id: SYR14397364
Published on Syracuse.com 9/9. Updated 9/9.
Brand New 2.5 HP, 21 GAL, 125 MAX PSI Central Pneumatic Compressor for sale. Never used! Selling for $150.00 OBO. Call 315.254.4035 for more information.
Web Id: SYR14396180
Published on Syracuse.com 9/8. Updated 9/8.
Floor cleaning/buffing equipment for sale. Everything needed to start or improve a floor or office cleaning business. Also great for home use. Hawk Preferred Industrial Floor Machine (model HP1520-25, 1.5 horsepower) only used 5 times, 36 inch dust mop, 2 mop buckets with ringers, 2 caution signs, floor scrubber with wooden handle and refills, 2 mops with one refill, knee guards, and wooden broom. $500.00 OBO. Call 315.254.4035 for more information or an appointment.
Web Id: SYR14396056
Published on Syracuse.com 9/8. Updated 9/8.
Portable Band Saw about 4 years old, very good condition, like new with a spare blade. used for medal or wood. Asking $35.00. Cash Only and you pick it up. Please check out my other ads. Thanks for looking.
Web Id: SYR12912433
Published on Syracuse.com 10/3. Updated 9/6.
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San Diego: Military personnel can attend Pride in uniform for one year only
Post your comment
Comments on this article are now closed.
Reader comments
For one year only? Seems a little odd. Let's hope it's the thin end of the wedge.
I hope that it is badly handled public comment by the Pentagon (again!) and what they are actually doing is agreeing to a change in policy for a reasonable period (albeit restricted) so they can review any issues that expectedly might occur; with the intention of then continuing the permission if no amendments are required on the basis of the experience.
I hope …
If Romney gets in, you can be sure the Pentagon will go all religious and stop anyone in uniform going anywhere near Pride events.
I don't expect Romney to get in
One off will never hold. They will then have to defend why they allow uniformed personnel to march in other parades like the St. Patrick's Day parade and thousands of other parades across the country.
It's also offensive that they assumed that gay military personnel would be any more likely to bring disrepute to the forces or shame to the uniform than any other service member.
I think the pentagon still has a way to go yet.
One year only, pull your socks up pentagon.
Well, in future, they could get a lot of mileage (and humour) by walking behind a banner that reads:
Out of Uniform!
Thiink of the float possibilities…
How awfully good of them (sarc). I suppose all in all though it is a step in the right direction. Lets look at the bright side i guess.
It sounds like the Pentagon is counting on having someone new in the White House next year.
Who's the future husband and who's the future husband?
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Insect Lore
Hiking Sticks Display
- Color:
- multi
Qty: 1
- 1
- 2
Please select an available size.
Please select a size.
Description: Hiking Sticks Display:
- Set includes 12 hiking sticks with leafy hand guards, rings and rubber tip-end
- Features a built-in compass and four locked sections
- For ages 5 to 7 years
Measurements: Each measures 4" W x 3" D x 31" H
Material: Rubber
Care: Wipe with a damp cloth
Brand: Insect Lore
Origin: Imported


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Holiday Inn Baltimore-Towson
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Bavli had to work so I walked with her to the bus stop and said a quick goodbye, incase i wasnt goin to see her again. She rode to work, I caught the bus to south street to see the philly magic gardens.It was closed when i arrived but I took photos through the fence. It was $7 entry to go and look at some organised rubbish, so I don't know if I would have gone in anyway. It is basically a huge ...
... there alone but at least I know that I'll be welcomed and accepted by my loving host family. I hope that I'll come across some familiar faces. If not, I hope to find adventure. I'm not sure what to expect out of this trip besides spending time with my host family, but I'm sure Costa Rica will pull through for me like it always does. Costa Rica and I go way back so I'm sure that it'll treat me well. ...
Elkton, MD to Baltimore
... me how to fix it too. I've been amazed how people seem to pull up beside me just when I need a boost, or how things end up falling perfectly into place. Before I arrived in Baltimore I made sure to bike through Luthervillle, Maryland and take a picture wearing my Luther jersey. I was struggling to use the timer and get a good shot, but I was able to convince a 13 year old kid from across the street to take a photo of me, another example of ...
Chapter Four: Road Trip!
... out of Maryland, through New Jersey, and then onward through a congested mid-afternoon New York City. The further I drove North, the more expensive the tolls became. In Maryland, the least expensive toll was a mere $0.50, and the most pricey was after I had made it through the bulk of New York, at $18.00. I cursed at the toll station attendant as she lifted up the security barrier to allow me through, but she was apathetic. She probably got cursed at all day. I'm fairly certain I ...
Today has to be the Day
... this 2005 Chrysler Convertible with only 117k miles on it. So we got there took a very close look a t the car and took it for an hour test drive to an other mechanic to look over it. After the test-drive we got it lifted up so we could see under it and check the car from every side, and ask him about everything and with everything i mean 30 minutes just asking questions about the car. And in the end we loved it we coundn�t find anything that could be wrong with it. ...


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PURO GelatoAugust 27Ice Cream • Praha 2, Czech Republic
Best Ice Cream in Eastern Europe
If you leave your car parked outside you will find your front window cleaned by hotel staff every morning which is amazing aditional service.
Visiting this place was a huge mistake. We waited far too long to place the order. The cutlary was dirty. The brocolli soup tasted like a ready to eat can heated in microwave. Main dish was average.
Well, it was much better years back but now it's just a typical slovakian restaurant. But you can still buy nice cheese here.


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79 reviews | 4.7 out of 5
I purchased the desk for my daughter last Christmas and it is great and she loves it. The only thing that I see is that is tips over easily. I loved the storage and so does she, she hides things from me in there. The cup holder is great as well.
I bought this last year for my grand-daughter. She loves this thing. She eats at the desk, draws, paints and anything in between. It has held up well and has been a great investment. The only problem I had was it arrived with the box damaged and the cup that came with it was no where to be seen.
I bought this for my daughter for her 2nd birthday. she loves dora and loves to sit in the chair and play, color and even watch t.v. and eat a snack! I thought it was cool that it comes with a built in cup holder so it makes it easy so there are no spills. The storage under the seat is great so you can store books, crayons or whatever they are going to be using at the chair. The only thing that isn't too great is that the lid to the storage slams shut and i am affraid it will crack the wood so i have to buy something so it wont be as loud and rough on the chair it self. But my daughter loves it and thats what i was going for!
We bought this for our 3 year old daughter for Christmas, but, we made the biggest mistake by not purchasing one for our 5 year old son! They are so handy when the kids want to color and watch television. Assembly was easy.
was shocked to read the previous review that they thought it was
flimsy. Once put together, properly, it is extremely durable &
sturdy. I've had mine now for 2 years & it's taken on 2 kids
sitting/jumping/climbing all over it. I love that the seat flips up to
hold alot! Great for keeping all their coloring books/papers/crayons
etc. in one spot. The colors are bright & cheerful. Perfect for any
Dora fan boy or girl. You won't be disappointed!
I was surprised at how sturdy this desk was for the price. It is very heavy, and very colorful. My niece loves it!
Our 3 year old daughter loves Dora. When she seen this online she really liked it. I was not sure about it, but order it anyway. After we put it together I was very pleased. It is just the right size, very colorful and sturdy, and does not look cheap. Our daughter loves it. She has her crayons in the holder and all her coloring books inside the lift up seat. She even has enough room on the desk to put her little toy laptop. Great product!
Bought this Dora desk because it was difficult for me to lift my 20 month granddaughter up into the high chair. The fact that it is basically enclosed on 3 sides appealed to us as being safer so she wouldn't accidentally fall out. We were really impressed with the quality of this product. The desk is solid, finish is so gorgeous, like a real piece of furniture! Granddaughter immediately fell in love with it and she can get in and out herself - eat her snacks, read a book, play with her blocks etc. The storage area under the seat is fun for her too - she can hide her toys and books in there and she loves to put things in and take them out. Even though she is under the "recommended age" this desk is perfect for a todder in my opinion. A real value and certainly worth it. She loves it and we do too!
I purchased this product for my 2 year old and she loves it. It's handy for me because it is being used for a snack table,writing/scribble table,and storage . And Most of all it can be easily moved from room to room.
I purchased this for my friend's daughter, and she LOVES it. It was assembled in the kitchen, and she arrived home before it was moved into her bedroom, and she would not let it be moved. She wants to eat, watch tv, sleep, and do everything in the desk/chair.
I bought this for my 24 month old grand daughter and put it together myself. single page instructions which were more picture then tutorial but easy to follow. Baby girl loved it! She can sit and color/read/sing....I would highly recommend and it is light enough that if you need to you can move from room to room.
My daughter loves this desk!!! It is sturdy and has room to grow. Great purchase.
Great but, easy to put together. The colors were awesome. My daughter fell in love with it on sight.
This is a great transitional chair. My daughter used to stand up in the regular toddler chairs, she is unable to stand in this desk-chair. I feel much safer in her desk. She colors and eats her food at the desk now. She also cannot drag this desk around the house like she used to do with her regular toddler chairs. I love it and she loves it.
It was also easy to put togther.
My daughter absolutely loves her Dora desk set. She likes to hide some of her toys in the seat & uses the desk to color too. She actually sits in one place (besides the high chair) & eats. Great product.
My daughter is very happy with the dora desk chair. She enjoys playing and eatting on the product. It was worth the wait of getting it!
I purchased this for my two year old for christmas. The desk is bigger than I expected and my two year old AND my five year old love it. My husband said it was not bad to put together and the storage under the seat is perfect. This peoduct was more than expected for the price that I paid.
I got a plastic desk last x-mas and she broke it with in aweek. This is sturdy enough she does not tip it over to play with it as a jungle gym, easy to assemble, came vary well wrapped so no damage possible, and large enough for BIG kinds if needed. Might I add washable also. I am just sorry I did not find this sooner. She loves art now she sits at her desk in my office just like mom and as I work, she can participate. Excellent!!!
My 3 1/2 yr. old loves her desk. The seat has good storage space (she likes to put all kinds of treasures in there). The seat doesn't fall down on it's own, so fingers don't get smashed. It is very cute, seems to be pretty durrable, washes up well, and doesn't take too much space. I wish the table top was a bit bigger, so a coloring book would open up and fit on, the way it is, you have to tear out the page. Also, if it were a bit bigger it would work better for puzzles, etc. Still, it works fine, and she loves it. Great product especially for the price!
I purchased this for my 2 yr old daughter for her birthday. She absolutely loves to sit in it to color, along with watching her movies. I would recommend this item to all those who are looking for something unique.


text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Dec 10, 1996
|Filing date
|Sep 28, 1994
|Priority date
|Oct 8, 1993
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Yoshio Okamoto, Yukio Sugishita, Hiroyuki Andoh, Kuniaki Matsui, Takehiko Ichimoto, Masataka Negishi
|Original Assignee
|Kabushiki Kaisha Kobe Seiko Sho, Kao Corporation
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (3), Referenced by (5), Classifications (54), Legal Events (4)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention concerns a water-dispersible oil composition for hot rolling aluminum and aluminum alloys, which has excellent rolling lubricity and emulsion stability, and which provides a rolled sheet with an excellent surface quality.
2. Discussion of the Background
In the process of hot rolling aluminum and aluminum alloys, a so-called roll coating is formed on the surface of the rolls as a result of the transfer of aluminum from the surface of the rolled plate to the surface of the rolls. If the rolls have a roll coating thereon, a billet is rolled while in contact with the roll coating. This means that the surface quality of the rolled plate varies according to the properties of the roll coating, and defects in the surface affect the quality of the plate surface after cold rolling. Thus, the nature of the roll coating is very important. It varies depending on the rolling conditions (materials to be rolled, temperature of the plates, roughness of the plate surface, temperature of the rolls, roughness of the roll surface, draft, rolling speed, brush roll operating conditions, etc.) and the kinds of rolling oils. Accordingly, selection of a rolling oil is essential in the control of roll coatings.
In hot rolling, rolling oils are used in the form of an emulsion since sufficient roll cooling properties are required. Conventional hot rolling oils for aluminum and aluminum alloys are emulsions having concentrations of 3 to 10% of oil components. They are generally prepared by incorporating oil performance improvers; extreme pressure agents; anti-rusting agent; anti-oxidants; etc. into mineral oil as base oil and emulsifying the resulting mixture, primarily with anionic surfactants. Oil performance improvers may include fatty acids, oils and fats, and fatty esters.
Desirable features for oils for hot rolling aluminum and aluminum alloys include lubricity, good roll coating properties, good surface quality, emulsion stability, workability, and waste treatment properties. Especially in recent years, the need to carry out mass production and the desire for high quality in rolled aluminum products have resulted in the demand for hot rolling oils having high levels of lubricity, surface quality and emulsion stability. However, conventional oils for hot rolling aluminum and aluminum alloys do not sufficiently meet all these requirements.
In conventional rolling oils, lubricity has been controlled by changing the kinds and amounts of emulsifiers. However, in conventional hot rolling oils which contain emulsifiers, lubricity and emulsion stability tend to clash, and both properties typically cannot be met at the same time. Namely, when the lubricity increases, the emulsion stability decreases, causing deteriorated lubrication stability over time. Likewise, when the emulsion stability is enhanced, sufficient lubricity cannot be obtained. Eventually, the plate surface develops defects. Therefore, constant quality of rolled plate surfaces over time generally are not obtained with conventional rolling oils.
Japanese Patent Publication (kokoku) No. 14599/1987 discloses a rolling oil composition in which the lubricity and emulsion stability are both satisfied. Although the technique of this publication is unique and successful in uniting lubricity and emulsion stability, the surface quality of the obtained rolled plates is not necessarily satisfactory. Japanese Patent Application Laid-open (kokai) No. 120795/1988 discloses a similar approach. The technique of this publication is essentially the same as disclosed in Japanese Patent Publication (kokoku) No. 14599/1987, but this publication improves the surface quality by sacrificing lubricity.
Thus, in conventional oils for hot rolling aluminum and aluminum alloys, satisfactory levels of lubricity, emulsion stability and surface quality typically are not provided simultaneously. Therefore, conventional oils are generally unsuitable for mass production of aluminum or aluminum alloys in present-day methods of rolling, and have difficulty in meeting the desire for rolled products of high quality.
In view of the foregoing, the present inventors found that good lubricity, emulsion stability and surface quality can be simultaneously obtained by emulsifying and dispersing a specified lubricant component in water using a specified polymer compound. A patent application (Japanese Patent Application Laid-open (kokai) No. 145692/1990) has been filed, directed towards these findings. However, further research revealed that this hot rolling oil composition is not free from heat degradation after long term use under severe hot rolling conditions. Such heat degradation deteriorates the performance of the composition and the surface of the rolled aluminum or aluminum alloy.
As a consequence, a need still exists for an oil composition which, when emulsified in water, provides satisfactory levels of lubricity, emulsion stability and surface quality simultaneously over a prolonged period of time.
Accordingly, one object of the present invention is to provide an oil composition for hot rolling aluminum or an alloy thereof which has excellent lubricity and emulsion stability.
A further object of the present invention is to provide an oil composition for hot rolling aluminum or an alloy thereof which imparts an excellent surface quality to rolled materials.
A further object of the present invention is to provide an oil composition for hot rolling aluminum or an alloy thereof which suppresses heat degradation even after long use.
The present inventors have continued their studies, and as a result, have found that deterioration in performance due to heat degradation after use over time can be markedly reduced while good lubricity, emulsion stability and surface quality are obtained, by replacing the polymer compound in the hot rolling oil described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-open (kokai) No. 145692/1990 with a salt of (i) a copolymer of a specified monomer and (ii) an organic acid.
These and other objects, which will become apparent during the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments, are provided by a water-dispersible oil composition for hot rolling aluminum or an aluminum alloy, comprising the following components (a) to (d) :
(a) a mineral oil having a viscosity at 40� C. of not more than 80 cSt,
(b) 3 to 30% by weight of a compound selected from the group consisting of C10 -C22 fatty acids, oils and fats monoesters composed of a C10 -C22 fatty acid and a C1 -C22 alcohol, and mixtures thereof,
(c) 0.5 to 10% by weight of a C4 -C18 alkyl or alkenyl ester of phosphoric acid or phosphorous acid,
(d) 0.1 to 10% by weight of a salt of a polymer and an organic acid, wherein
the polymer has a weight average molecular weight of 10,000 to 1,000,000 and is a copolymer of one or more monomers represented by the following formula (1): ##STR2## wherein R1 is hydrogen or methyl, R2 and R3 are independently hydrogen or C1 -C3 alkyl, m is an integer of 0 or 1, and n is an integer from 1 to 3, and at least one additional monomer selected from the group consisting of (meth)acrylamide and salts of (meth)acrylic acid, and
the organic acid is represented by the following formula (2):
wherein R4 is C1 -C5 alkyl, hydroxy-C1 -C5 -alkyl, carboxy-C1 -C5 -alkyl or carboxyl.
These and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention.
The present oil composition is typically emulsified with water prior to its use in hot rolling. Thus, it is preferred that the present oil composition be dispersible in water. However, the present oil composition has utility as a lubricant and/or as a dispersant, independent of its use as an oil-in-water emulsion for hot rolling aluminum or an aluminum alloy.
Examples of the present component (a) include mineral oil in its varied forms (e.g., spindle oils, machine oils, turbine oils, cylinder oils, neutral oils, etc.). Of these, mineral oils of a paraffin series are preferred in view of their heat resistance and lubricity. The viscosity of the mineral oils is preferably not more than 80 cSt at 40� C. A viscosity exceeding 80 cSt may deteriorate the surface quality of the plate. Component (a) serves as a base oil, and therefore, the amount in the oil composition is not particularly limited. However, it is preferred that this component be incorporated in an amount from 38 to 96.4% by weight, preferably from 50 to 96.4% by weight, more preverably from 60 to 85% by weight.
Examples of component (b) include animal and vegetable fats and oils, such as whale oil, beef tallow, lard, rapeseed oil, castor oil, palm oil, and coconut oil. Examples of C10 -C22 fatty acids include capric acid, lauric acid, stearic acid, isostearic acid, oleic acid, and erucic acid. The fatty acid monoesters include those monoesters of a C10 -C22 fatty acid and an alcohol selected from C1 -C22 aliphatic monohydric alcohols, ethylene glycol, trimethylolpropane, pentaerythritol, glycerin, etc. Specific examples of the fatty acid monoesters include methyl caprate, butyl stearate, lauryl oleate, 2-ethylhexyl erucate, pentaerythritol monooleate, glycerin monooleate, etc.
Component (b) acts as an oil performance improver. Component (b) may be a single compound, or may contain a mixture of suitable compounds. It is preferred that the amount of component (b) be from 3 to 30% by weight, and more preferably, from 10 to 25% by weight of the oil composition. Amounts less than 3% by weight may lower the lubricity, whereas amounts higher than 30% by weight may deteriorate the surface quality of the rolled products. When oils and/or fats are present as the sole source of component(s) (b), the oils and/or fats are present in an amount preferably up to 20% by weight based on the total weight of the oil composition.
Component (c) is one or more C4 -C18 alkyl or alkenyl esters of phosphoric or phosphorous acid. Examples of compound (c) include dibutyl phosphate, monooctyl phosphate, trioleyl phosphate, tributyl phosphate, diisooctyl phosphate and trioleyl phosphate. Among the mono-, di- and triesters, mono- and dialkyl and -alkenyl phosphates and mono- and dialkyl and alkenyl phosphites are particularly preferred.
It is also preferred that the amount of compound (c) be from 0.5 to 10% by weight, and more preferably, from 1 to 5% by weight of the oil composition. Amounts less than 0.5% by weight may not be effective in improving the surface quality of the rolled plate, whereas amounts higher than 10% by weight may provide no significant additional improvement.
Examples of the polymer of component (d) include copolymers of a monomer represented by formula (1) and (meth)acrylamide, copolymers of a monomer represented by formula (1) and a (meth)acrylic acid salt, and copolymers of a monomer represented by formula (1), (meth)acrylamide and a (meth)acrylic acid salt. It is preferred that the monomer represented by formula (1) be present in the polymer in a molar percentage of from 50 to 90%, (meth)acrylamide be present in the polymer in a molar percentage of from 0 to 20%, and the (meth)acrylic acid salt be present in the polymer in a molar percentage of from 10 to 50%.
In the organic acid of component (d), R4 is C1 -C5 alkyl, hydroxy-C1 -C5 -alkyl, carboxy-C1 -C5 -alkyl or carboxyl. Of these, hydroxy-C1 -C5 -alkyl groups are particularly preferred. Specific examples of R4 COO- include acetate, propionate, butyrate, valerate, caprate, glycolate, lactate, hydroacrylate, oxalate, malonate, succinate, glutamate, adipate, etc. Especially, glycolate, lactate, and acrylate are preferred.
Examples of amines in the monomers of the formula (1) include dimethylaminoethyl acrylamide, dimethylaminopropyl acrylamide, diethylaminomethyl acrylamide, dimethylaminoethyl methacrylamide, dimethylaminopropyl methacrylamide and diethylaminomethyl methacrylamide, all of which are compounds of formula (1) wherein m=1; and allylamine, dimethylaminomethyl ethylene, diethylaminomethyl ethylene, dimethylaminomethyl propene, diethylaminomethyl propene, which are compounds of formula (1) wherein m=0. Of these, compounds of formula (1) in which m=1 are particularly preferred. Examples of particularly preferable monomer (1) include dimethylaminopropyl methacrylamide and diethylaminopropyl acrylamide, and the most preferred neutralization product of the copolymer is that with glycolic acid.
Examples of the (meth)acrylic acid salt include alkali metal salts such as a sodium (meth)acrylate and potassium (meth)acrylate, and organic amine salts such as monoethanolammonium (meth)acrylate, diethanolammonium (meth)acrylate, and triethanolammonium (meth)acrylate.
It is preferred that the weight average molecular weight of the component (d) polymer be from 10,000 to 1,000,000. Weight average molecular weights lower than this range may cause a deteriorated emulsion stability, whereas those exceeding this range may render the composition highly viscous, resulting in difficult handling. More preferable weight average molecular weights are from 30,000 to 300,000.
In preparing the polymer, a monomer of the formula (1) neutralized with an organic acid of the formula (2) may be used. For example, copolymer (d) can be obtained by polymerizing dimethylaminopropyl methacrylamide neutralized with glycolic acid and comonomer.
The component (d) polymer may be used singly or in combination of two or more. The amount of the component (d) is from 0.1 to 10% by weight, and preferably, from 0.5 to 5% by weight based on the total weight of the oil composition. Amounts exceeding 10% by weight are not favorable because performance of the pressure resistant load may become poor and the anti-seizure property of the composition may be deteriorated.
The present oil compositions for hot rolling aluminum and aluminum alloys may optionally contain, if desired, known additives such as anti-rusting/anti-corrosion agents, antioxidants and emulsifiers for improving the initial emulsifying ability.
Examples of anti-rusting/anti-corrosion agents include alkenylsuccinic acid and its derivatives (e.g. salts and C1 -C5 -alkyl esters), fatty acids such as oleic acid, esters such as sorbitan monooleate, and amines. They may be incorporated into the present oil composition in an amount up to 2% by weight based on the total weight of the composition.
Examples of antioxidants include phenol compounds such as 2,4-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol, and aromatic amines such as phenyl-alpha-naphthylamine. They may be incorporated into the present oil composition in an amount up to 5% by weight based on the total weight of the composition.
Examples of emulsifiers include anionic surfactants such as triethanolammonium oleate and sodium petroleum sulfonates, and nonionic surfactants such as poly(oxyethylene) nonylphenyl ether. They may be incorporated into the present oil composition in an amount of up to 2% by weight based on the total weight of the oil composition.
The present oil compositions for hot rolling aluminum and aluminum alloys may be diluted with water and emulsified before use. The dilution ratio is not particularly limited, but it is preferred that the dilution be performed so that the concentration of the oil composition is from 1 to 30% by weight of the emulsion.
The polymer of component (d) preferably provides advantageous electric cohesion, stereo-hindrance and protective colloid effects, and is resistant to high temperatures. The present oil composition is capable of maintaining a uniform dispersion of emulsified particles and a constant particle distribution of a suitable particle size under severe hot rolling conditions for a long time. Therefore, the initial good rolling lubricity can be maintained for a prolonged period. In addition, component (b) preferably provides an advantageous roll-coating controlling effect, and the polymer of component (d) also preferably provides an advantageous thin and uniform roll coating. Thus, surfaces of aluminum or aluminum alloy plates having minimized defects and uniform quality can be obtained.
Other features of the invention will become apparent in the course of the following descriptions of exemplary embodiments which are given for illustration of the invention and are not intended to be limiting thereof.
The present invention will now be described by way of examples, which however, should not construed as limiting.
The oil compositions (invention product Nos. 1-5 and comparative product Nos. 1-6) were formulated as described below and prepared identically according to a known method. The polymers are referred to as "polymer dispersants".
______________________________________ wt. %______________________________________Invention product No. 1:Component (a):Mineral oil of a paraffin series (70 cSt/40� C.) 61.5Component (b):Oleic acid 15.0Lard 15.0Component (c):Dilaurylphosphite 3.0Component (d):Polymer dispersant (A): the neutralization 2.0product of acetic acid with a 80/5/15copolymer of dimethylaminopropylacrylamide/acrylamide/sodium acrylate(MW = 400,000)Others:Tricresyl phosphate 2.0Antioxidant (2,4-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol) 1.0Nonionic surfact (I): Polyoxyethylene 0.5nonylphenyl ether(HLB = 12.4)Total 100.0Invention product No. 2:Component (a)Mineral oil of a paraffin series 73.0(60 cSt/40� C.)Component (b):Isostearic acid 15.0Lauric acid 2.0Butyl stearate 5.0Component (c):Trioleylphosphate 1.0Component (d):Polymer dispersant (B): the neutralization 3.0product of glycolic acid with a 85/15copolymer of dimethylaminopropylmethacrylamide/sodium methacrylate(MW = 80,000)Others:Antioxidant (2,4-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol) 1.0Total 100.0Invention product No. 3:Component (a)Mineral oil of a paraffin series 80.5(20 cSt/40� C.)Component (b):Lauric acid 5.0Palm oil 5.0Oleyl oleate 5.0Component (c):Dioleylphosphate 2.5Component (d):Polymer dispersant (C): the neutralization 0.5product of lactic acid with a 75/25 copolymerof dimethylaminomethylethylene/triethanolammoniumacrylate (MW = 100,000)Others:Antioxidant (2,4-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol) 1.0Anti-rusting/anti-corrosion agent 0.5(C18 -alkenylsuccinic acid)Total 100.0Invention product No. 4:Component (a):Mineral oil of a paraffin series 69.5(30 cSt/40� C.)Component (b):Oleic acid 20.0Lauryl oleate 5.0Component (c):Dibutylphosphate 2.5Component (d):Polymer dispersant (D): the neutralization 1.0product of succinic acid with a 70/10/20copolymer of diethylaminopropyl acrylamide/acrylamide/potassium acrylate(MW = 300,000)Others:Antioxidant (2,4-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol) 1.0Anti-rusting/anti-corrosion agent 1.0(C18 -alkenylsuccinic acid)Total 100.0Invention product No. 5:Component (a):Mineral oil of a paraffin series 77.0(30 cSt/40� C.)Component (b):Oleic acid 5.0Butyl stearate 10.0Component (c):Triisooctyl phosphite 5.0Component (d):Polymer dispersant (E): the neutralization 1.0product of glycolic acid with a 84/1/15copolymer of dimethylaminopropylmethacrylamide/acrylamide/sodium acrylate(MW = 50,000)Others:Antioxidant (2,4-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol) 1.0Anti-rusting/anti-corrosion agent 1.0(C18 -alkenylsuccinic acid)Total 100.0Comparative product No. 1:Commercially available hot rolling oilcomposition for Al(anionic surfactant)Comparative product No. 2:Mineral oil (30 cSt/40� C.) 82.5Oleic acid 5.0Beef tallow 5.0Tricresyl phosphate 2.5Antioxidant (2,4-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol) 1.0Anti-rusting agent/Anticorrosion agent 1.0(C18 -alkenylsuccinic acid)Nonionic surfactant (I) 3.0Total 100.0Comparative product No. 3:Mineral oil (100 cSt/40� C.) 51.0Oleic acid 10.0Palm oil 10.0Butyl stearate 20.0Tricresyl phosphate 5.0Antioxidant (2,4-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol) 1.0Anti-rusting agent/Anticorrosion agent 1.0(C18 -alkenylsuccinic acid)Polymer dispersant (A) 2.0Total 100.0Comparative product No. 4:Mineral oil of a paraffin 80.5series (20 cSt/40� C.)Oleic acid 5.0Lauryl oleate 10.0Monooctyl phosphate 2.5Antioxidant (2,4-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol) 1.0Polymer dispersant (E): the neutralization 1.0product of phosphoric acid with a 6/1/1copolymer of dimethylaminoethylmethacrylate/dodecyl methacrylate/sodiumacrylate (MW = 300,000)Total 100.0Comparative product No. 5:Mineral oil of a paraffin series 80.5(20 cSt/40� C.)Lauric acid 5.0Palm oil 5.0Oleyl oleate 5.0Dioleyl phosphate 2.5Polymer dispersant (G): the neutralization 0.5product of phosphoric acid with a 3/1/1copolymer of dimethylaminoethylmethylmethacrylamide/sodium acrylate/sodiumvinyl sulfonate (MW = 200,000) 0.5Antioxidant (2,4-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol) 1.0Anti-rusting/anti-corrosion agent 0.5(C18 -alkenylsuccinic acid)Total 100.0Comparative product No. 6Mineral oil (20 cSt/40� C.) 84.0Beef tallow 10.0Trioctyl phosphite 5.0Polymer dispersant (H): the neutralization 1.0product of glycolic acid with a 6/1 copolymerof dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate/sodiumacrylate (MW = 500,000)Total 100.0______________________________________
Using the oil compositions obtained in Example 1, the rolling lubricity and surface quality of the rolled plate were evaluated according to the method described below. The rolling lubricity is understood from the draft and rolling load. The surface quality is determined by the number of the rolled plates and the roughness of the surface (in the direction of the width).
Test Method
Using a two-high rolling mill (200 mm in diameter�200 mm in width, roll material: ball bearing steel, Hs (shore hardness)=65), the rolling lubricity of each rolling oil composition and the surface quality obtained were investigated.
Rolling Conditions
Rolled material: Pure aluminum material (80 mm in width�700 mm in length�3.5 mm in thickness)
Roughness of the roll: An abrasive paper was used to grind the surface of the rolls in the rolling direction to have an Ra (Average height of roughness profile) of 0.3 to 0.4 μm.
Plate temperature: 480 � C.
Rolling speed: 50 m/min
Reduction ratio: 40% and 60% (for examining rolling lubricity), 60% (for examining surface quality of rolled plates)
Number of rolled plates: 5 plates (for examining rolling lubricity) and 100 plates (for examining surface quality) for each Reduction ratio.
Conditions of Rolling Oils
Oil concentration in emulsion: 2 vol %
Temperature: 60� C.
Stirring: Homomixer, 12,000 rpm
Amount of spraying: 2 l/min
Test Methods
A rolling oil composition and water were mixed to a predetermined concentration (2 vol %, 5 l, 60� C.), and stirred with a homomixer at 12,000 rpm to prepare an emulsion. 100 ppm of aluminum powder (-325 mesh) was added thereto and the obtained mixture was stirred for 5 hours to prepare a test emulsion. A heated aluminum plate (material: pure aluminum plate, 80 mm in width�150 mm in length�5 mm in thickness, 500� C.) was immersed in this emulsion and taken out after 5 seconds. Immersion was repeated (homomixer: 12000 rpm), during which the particle size of the emulsion was measured with a coulter counter to evaluate the long-term emulsion stability from the variation of the average particle size (volume distribution) against the number of immersed plates.
The results of Test Examples 1 and 2 are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1__________________________________________________________________________ Load of rolling (kg/mm) Roughness (Rz*) of Average particle size (μm)Rolling oil Reduction Ratio Reduction Ratio rolled surface (μm) Before After 100 plates After 1000 platescompositions 40% 60% Plate No. 1 Plate No. 100 immersion have been immersed have been__________________________________________________________________________ immersedInvention 83 146 3.0 3.9 5.0 4.9 4.8product No. 1Invention 94 170 3.0 3.3 11.5 11.3 12.2product No. 2Invention 91 162 3.0 3.5 9.2 9.2 9.0product No. 3Invention 83 172 3.0 3.2 10.2 10.3 10.5product No. 4Invention 100 173 3.0 3.1 7.5 7.4 7.6product No. 5Comparative 189 315 3.0 5.4 1.8 2.0 3.2product No. 1Comparative 150 252 3.0 7.5 5.3 8.8 20.6product No. 2Comparative 99 170 3.0 9.5 5.2 5.2 5.1product No. 3Comparative 101 176 3.0 3.1 5.5 5.3 2.9product No. 4Comparative 91 160 3.0 3.5 8.0 7.7 3.8product No. 5Comparative 100 168 3.0 3.6 6.5 6.3 3.4product No. 6__________________________________________________________________________ *Rz = Ten point height of irregularities of roughness profile.
As shown in Table 1, the present compositions (No. 1˜No. 5) exhibited excellent rolling lubricity compared with the comparative products, and the obtained rolled products had a surface of suppressed roughness, exhibiting excellent surface quality.
In addition, the present compositions exhibited excellent emulsion stability over a prolonged period. From the results of the test data in Examples 1 and 2, it was confirmed that the present oil compositions satisfy all the three requirements of rolling lubricity, surface quality of rolled products, and emulsion stability over time.
However, comparative product No. 1 exhibited poor rolling lubricity, No. 2 has poor rolling lubricity and stability, No. 3 has poor surface quality, and No. 4˜No. 6 have poor emulsion stability.
The present hot rolling oil compositions have a suitable particle size and exhibit high lubricity. Therefore, the compositions minimize variations of depression amounts, and have excellent lubricity when the compositions are fresh. The latter feature enables rolling of high-strength materials immediately after the fresh oil compositions are supplied to the mill. In addition, the concentration of the rolling oil compositions in oil-in-water emulsions can be reduced. Also, since the compositions have an excellent long-term lubricity and roll coating controlling effects, they are free from deterioration in depression or slip flaws problems after a long-term use which are not avoided by conventional rolling oils. As a result, excellent surface quality of rolled products can be obtained over time in a constant manner. Furthermore, thanks to the functions of the polymer dispersant, fouling of the housing around tanks and mills can be reduced, leading to an improved waste water treatment property.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Jun 5, 1984
|May 5, 1987
|Kao Corporation
|Metal-working oil composition
|Sep 30, 1982
|Sep 15, 1987
|Kao Corporation
|Metal rolling oil composition
|Title not available
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Jan 20, 1998
|Jun 12, 2001
|Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft Auf Aktien (Henkel Kgaa)
|Cooling lubricant emulsion
|Feb 23, 2005
|Nov 18, 2008
|Uni-Chemical Co., Ltd.
|Phosphorus-acid-group-containing (meth) acrylamide, its polymer and use thereof, and their production methods
|Dec 15, 2009
|Nov 17, 2011
|Kobe Steel, Ltd.
|Lubricating oil for use in hot-rolling oil and method for manufacturing hot-rolled sheet
|Jan 20, 1998
|Jul 30, 1998
|Geke Juergen
|Cooling lubricant emulsion
|Aug 11, 2010
|Feb 24, 2011
|The Lubrizol Corporation
|Lubricating composition containing an antiwear agent
|U.S. Classification
|508/441, 508/545, 508/554
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Sep 28, 1994
Owner name: KABUSHIKI KAISHA KOBE SEIKO SHO, JAPAN
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Effective date: 19940916
Owner name: KAO CORPORATION, JAPAN
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:OKAMOTO, YOSHIO;SUGISHITA, YUKIO;ANDOH, HIROYUKI;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:007174/0489
Effective date: 19940916
|May 30, 2000
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|May 4, 2004
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 8
|May 30, 2008
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 12


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Ben Carson Admits There May Be a War on 'What's Inside of Women'
Chill out — they're only after some non-vital organs.By Margaret Hartmann
Chill out — they're only after some non-vital organs.By Margaret Hartmann
Thanks to AEI, the think tank behind this week's headlines.By Kat Stoeffel
In Cathy McMorris Rodgers's State of the Union response, we saw the same thing we've been seeing for years.By Ann Friedman
Democrats, he says, believe women "cannot control their libido or their reproductive system."By Joe Coscarelli
Rivals seem determined to frame the disgraced pols' campaigns as a bid for the forgiveness of women.By Kat Stoeffel
The war on women, the sequel.By Kat Stoeffel
Support for keeping abortion legal hits a new high.By Margaret Hartmann
Todd Akin, he says, "was partly right."By Joe Coscarelli
Maine senator Susan Collins is "bewildered" by her party's abortion stance.By Kat Stoeffel
A victory for women and other empathetic humans.By Kat Stoeffel
The campaigns didn't prepare for this.By Kat Stoeffel
Three sexual assault survivors speak out against Todd Akin.By Kat Stoeffel
Are you outraged?By Kat Stoeffel
This definitely won't make anyone hate women more.By Kat Stoeffel
Great moments in pandering.By Margaret Hartmann and Caroline Shin
Her speech, in the context of Welsh skillet cakes.By Kat Stoeffel
"I love you, women!"By Margaret Hartmann
The economy isn't the only thing liberals can blame on Reagan.By Kat Stoeffel
After a short ceasefire, the Republican war on women starts again.By Frank Rich
Governor Rick Perry calls it a "win for Texas women."By Kat Stoeffel


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Microsoft revealed a couple secrets behind the keyboard in Windows Phone 8 this week, in a blog post and video. The WP8 keyboard is admittedly, pretty great, and close to if not better than the one on rival platforms, and apparently there's been a lot of development time and work gone into it.
Microsoft worked hard to refining the keyboard on Windows Phone 8, even focusing on the text-prediction, to create a keyboard that they call "Word Flow." It includes over 600,000 of the most common words and phrases that most people use when typing on their mobile phone, all the way from pop culture, to popular slang, and there's even auto-correction for misspellings:
"On average people type 20 to 30 messages a day on their phones; that's over 10,000 a year. They also make a lot of mistakes: about one in every three words, we've found. Windows Phone 8 introduces Word Flow—an improved and renamed version of the Quick Correct feature from Windows Phone 7.5—to help prevent time-wasting typos and focus on what matters: communicating with the people you care about."
Apparently the word suggestions are supplied to users by dictionaries maintained by the team behind Office, who have been working on dictionary prediction for over 20 years. And as such auto-correction is 94 percent accurate on average, and adapts to each user's style.
"Office uses a variety of sources—from linguistic research to frequency analysis of documents, books, and web pages—to build their dictionaries. Since "happy" is used more often by people than the word "happen," we offer "happy" as the first suggestion.
Remember the little checkbox during phone set up (and in Settings) that talks about helping us improve text suggestions and build a better product? When someone gives us permission, we collect anonymous typing data—free of passwords, names, numbers, and other personal info—to help create and test Word Flow."
The WP team also worked towards solving the "fat finger" issue where folks with large fingers ended up pressing the wrong keys frequently, which is solved in Windows Phone by automatically altering the 'hit' area of each key, which all continuously change size, as you can see in the video below:
That's a lotta for for a keyboard, eh? No wonder it's one of the best out there. More info about the keyboard in Windows Phone 8 over on the Windows Phone Blog, right over at the link below.
[button link="http://blogs.windows.com/windows_phone/b/windowsphone/archive/2012/12/06/the-secrets-of-the-windows-phone-8-keyboard.aspx" style="light_gray"]Windows Phone Blog[/button]


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Wine Club Pickup!
The Fall Wine Club wines will be ready for pick-up October 1st through December 31st. If you are member that has their wines shipped we will do so for you on November 9th.
Read more »
Harvest Festival Weekend
Join us at the peak of harvest!
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Winemaker Barn Dinner
We invite you to have dinner with us, in the barn.
R.S.V.P. by October 4th.
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Wine Club Shipping
If you have asked us to ship your wines, they will be sent on October 26th. The wines will arrive just in time to share with your friends and family over the Halloween and Thanksgiving holiday. Please call the tasting room (805-237-0087) or email us to ensure that we have the correct shipping and billing information to avoid delays. Tracking information will be emailed ASAP and all deliveries will be made by UPS.
Thank you and Cheers!
Read more »
Kentucky Derby Pick Up Party
Join fellow wine Thacher Wine Club members and watch the Kentucky Derby while sipping on the Spring wines.
Read more »
Summer Solstice Winemaker Dinner
Join us for an al fresco Thacher Winemaker Dinner on the longest Saturday of the year. Let us know if we can save you a seat at the table!
Read more »


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Select Local Merchants
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Rx PilatesRead MorePilates helped Regina Poblete not only get in shape after having a child, but also fight off postpartum depression by establishing a healthful physical routine. She wanted to share the exercise with others, so she sought certification ins Stott Pilates, a modernly modified form of the turn-of-the-century exercise. Having completed the intense requirements, she began teaching for Rx Pilates. Regina teaches both classic mat and reformer classes. On the mat, she observes the central principles of the Stott method, keeping the rib cage, pelvis, scapula, and cervical spine in alignment while letting the breath flow. In class, she guides students in the use of some exercise-enhancing props, such as resistance bands and objects that can be reimagined as funny hats. The Stott reformer also boasts modifications that enhance the exercise form's five alignment principles while students sit, kneel, and lay on its mobile platform.532 North Ave.Fort Lee, NJ US
Nails and Hair EmporiumRead MoreSwitch up your go-to haircut and color and leave Nails and Hair Emporium in Edgewater feeling like a brand new person. Ready for a new 'do? The salon offers hair cuts and color and highlights and more to tame your mane. Perfect your nails with a cleaning treatment and a new coat of polish from this salon. Walk-ins are more than welcome. This salon is waiting for you now. A spa day filled with relaxing treatments doesn't have to cost you a fortune. Head to Nails and Hair Emporium for moderate prices and relaxing services. Short on cash? No problem. Nails and Hair Emporium happily accepts all major credit cards. Nails and Hair Emporium provides easy access to an adjacent lot. Bike parking is quick and easy at Nails and Hair Emporium. Don't waste time searching for yet another nail salon. Nails and Hair Emporium can razzle and dazzle any finger or toe that comes its way.725 River RdEdgewater, NJ US
Massage Envy SpaRead MoreTake a break from your chaotic schedule and treat yourself to an ultimate day spa experience at Massage Envy Spa in Edgewater. Hydrate and nourish your skin with a custom facial from this spa. With one of Massage Envy Spa's signature massages, you can pamper yourself with extreme luxury and ease your stress away. If you're looking for alternative services, such as aromatherapy, physiotherapy, and reflexology, check out this spa. This spa is more than happy to take care of you after scheduling an appointment. This spa offers moderate prices, making it a prime choice for your weekly or monthly spa needs. Yes, plastic is accepted! From MasterCard to Visa, your major credit card can be used for payments. Massage Envy Spa is conveniently close to a parking lot. So if you're looking for a luxury spa that has it all, look no further than Massage Envy Spa.725 River RdEdgewater, NJ US
Bath & Body WorksRead MoreBath & Body Works, a full-service salon in Edgewater, is a great place to knock out all of your beauty treatments in one location. Rejuvenate your skin with a refreshing facial! Bath & Body Works offers a plethora of beauty services such as make up application, but that's just the tip of their offerings. Escape the hustle and bustle of your day and head to this salon for a relaxing massage. In dire need of some pampering? No worries! This salon accepts walk-ins on the daily. This spa offers similar prices to those in the area, but the services are one-of-a-kind. Major credit cards — including Visa, MasterCard, Discover, and American Express — are accepted. An escape from your hectic schedule is waiting for you at Bath & Body Works so call the salon and book an appointment.225 River RdEdgewater, NJ US


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Advocacy Unlimited, Inc. (AU) offers comprehensive recovery and advocacy education for people with or in recovery from mental health and/or addiction issues. Courses include the Recovery University Certification Program, our long-standing Advocacy Education Course, the Young Adult "Super Advocate" Program, and the "Join Rise Be" Young Adult Initiative.
Advocacy Unlimited also offers Toivo, a unique and powerful holistic wellness initiative. Toivo brings a holistic approach to health and healing through classes in interactive yoga, meditation, transformative habits, mindfulness, music healing, nutrition workshops, recovery workshops, wellness events, and much more.
In addition, AU provides problem gambling support and places an emphasis on peer support, human rights, and dignity for all through its strong advocacy for the rights of individuals with mental health and/or addiction issues and its strong stand against discrimination…read more.
Toivo, a unique and powerful wellness initiative, offers a holistic approach to health, healing, and wellness with interactive yoga, meditation, transformative habits, mindfulness, music healing, nutrition workshops, recovery workshops, and much more. See Toivo to learn more.
For all upcoming Toivo events, classes, and workshops, see the Toivo Calendar.
Young Adult
Join us for the graduation celebration for our newest Super Advocate students on November 18th at the State Capitol. See Young Adult Graduation for details.
RCAC Mini-Grants
Proposals for 2015 RCAC Mini-Grants are being accepted now through November 3rd. See Mini-Grants for info.
Recovery University
Advocacy Education Course
Young Adult Initiatives
Online Self-Study Courses
October 6, 2015
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Terrible service, mediocre food, a singer with a backing tape which negates any conversation. More of a bar for the local girls and their out of country male 'friends'. Frightful. Don't go. TA glowing reviews, way off the mark.
Good music and nice place, but service very poor. Ordinary food, but at the price of gourmet restaurant in London. Stay away!
Lovely restaurant, beautiful surroundings and fabulous food. Great service and fantastic attention to detail. Not to be missed if visiting Marrakesh!
"THE" place to be. You have to go there if you plan to visit Marrakech. The Jo's Restaurant is the perfect mix between french cuisine and moroccan hospitality. Do not hesitate to order the "crème brulée". It was delicious. Moreover, you can come with family or friends to discover this warm setting. Definitely recommend it !
Been to Jo's in marrakech few times, this little french restaurant in the heart of the city offers excellent food, in a relaxed atmosphere, the service is very personal and it's great value for money. I highly recommend joe's.
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