text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|4 May 2010
|Filing date
|20 Jun 2002
|Priority date
|4 Dec 1998
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Ethan Robert Bradford, Keith Charles Hullfish, David J. Kay, Pim van Meurs, Michael R. Longe
|Original Assignee
|Tegic Communications, Inc.
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (215), Non-Patent Citations (70), Referenced by (65), Classifications (28), Legal Events (6)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This application is a Continuation-in-Part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/454,406, filed on Dec. 3, 1999, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,646,573 (Nov. 11, 2003), which claims benefit of U.S. provisional patent application No. 60/110,890, flied Dec. 4, 1998, both of which are incorporated herein in their entirety by this reference thereto.
1. Technical Field
The invention relates to text input technology. More specifically, the invention relates to text entry solutions to wireless communication devices with limited keypads.
2. Description of the Prior Art
For many years, portable computers have been getting smaller and smaller. The principal size-limiting component in the effort to produce a smaller portable computer has been the keyboard. If standard typewriter-size keys are used, the portable computer must be at least as large as the keyboard. Miniature keyboards have been used on portable computers, but the miniature keyboard keys have been found to be too small to be easily or quickly manipulated by a user. Incorporating a full-size keyboard in a portable computer also hinders true portable use of the computer. Most portable computers cannot be operated without placing the computer on a flat work surface to allow the user to type with both hands. A user cannot easily use a portable computer while standing or moving.
In the latest generation of small portable computers, called Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs), companies have attempted to address this problem by incorporating handwriting recognition software in the PDA. A user may directly enter text by writing on a touch-sensitive panel or screen. This handwritten text is then converted by the recognition software into digital data. Unfortunately, in addition to the fact that printing or writing with a pen is in general slower than typing, the accuracy and speed of the handwriting recognition software has to date been less than satisfactory.
Presently, a tremendous growth in the wireless industry has spawned reliable, convenient, and very popular mobile communications devices available to the average consumer, such as cell phones, two-way pagers, PDAs, etc. These handheld wireless communications and computing devices requiring text input are becoming smaller still. Recent advances in two-way paging, cellular telephones, and other portable wireless technologies have led to a demand for small and portable two-way messaging systems, and especially for systems which can both send and receive electronic mail ("e-mail"). Some wireless communications device manufacturers also desire to provide to consumers devices with which the consumer can operate with the same hand that is holding the device.
Disambiguation Background.
Prior development work has considered use of a keyboard that has a reduced number of keys. As suggested by the keypad layout of a touch-tone telephone, many of the reduced keyboards have used a 3-by-4 array of keys. Each key in the array of keys contains multiple characters. There is therefore ambiguity as a user enters a sequence of keys, since each keystroke may indicate one of several letters. Several approaches have been suggested for resolving the ambiguity of the keystroke sequence, referred to as disambiguation.
One suggested approach for unambiguously specifying characters entered on a reduced keyboard requires the user to enter, on average, two or more keystrokes to specify each letter. The keystrokes may be entered either simultaneously (chording) or in sequence (multiple-stroke specification). Neither chording nor multiple-stroke specification has produced a keyboard having adequate simplicity and efficiency of use. Multiple-stroke specification is inefficient, and chording is complicated to learn and use.
Other suggested approaches for determining the correct character sequence that corresponds to an ambiguous keystroke sequence are summarized in the article "Probabilistic Character Disambiguation for Reduced Keyboards Using Small Text Samples," published in the Journal of the International Society for Augmentative and Alternative Communication by John L. Arnott and Muhammad Y. Javad (hereinafter the "Arnott article"). The Arnott article notes that the majority of disambiguation approaches employ known statistics of character sequences in the relevant language to resolve character ambiguity in a given context.
Another suggested approach based on word-level disambiguation is disclosed in a textbook entitled Principles of Computer Speech, authored by I. H. Witten, and published by Academic Press in 1982 (hereinafter the "Witten approach"). Witten discusses a system for reducing ambiguity from text entered using a telephone touch pad. Witten recognizes that for approximately 92% of the words in a 24,500 word dictionary, no ambiguity will arise when comparing the keystroke sequence with the dictionary. When ambiguities do arise, however, Witten notes that they must be resolved interactively by the system presenting the ambiguity to the user and asking the user to make a selection between the number of ambiguous entries. A user must therefore respond to the system's prediction at the end of each word. Such a response slows the efficiency of the system and increases the number of keystrokes required to enter a given segment of text.
H. A. Gutowitz, Touch-Typable Devices Based on Ambiguous Codes and Methods to Design Such Devices, WO 00/35091 (Jun. 15, 2000) discloses that the design of typable devices, and, in particular, touch-type devices embodying ambiguous codes presents numerous ergonomical problems and proposes some solutions for such problems. Gutowitz teaches methods for the selection of ambiguous codes from the classes of strongly-touch-typable ambiguous codes and substantially optimal ambiguous codes for touch-typable devices such as computers, PDA's, and the like, and other information appliances, given design constraints, such as the size, shape and computational capacity of the device, the typical uses of the device, and conventional constraints such as alphabetic ordering or Qwerty ordering.
Eatoni Ergonomics Inc. provides a system called WordWise, (Copyright 2001 Eatoni Ergonomics Inc.), adapted from a regular keyboard, and where a capital letter is typed on a regular keyboard, and an auxiliary key, such as the shift key, is held down while the key with the intended letter is pressed. The key idea behind WordWise is to choose one letter from each of the groups of letters on each of the keys on the telephone keypad. Such chosen letters are typed, by holding down an auxiliary key while pressing the key with the intended letter. WordWise does not use a vocabulary database/dictionary to search for words to resolve ambiguous, unambiguous, or a combination thereof entries.
Zi Corporation teaches a predictive text method, eZiText� (2002 Zi Corporation), but does not teach nor anywhere suggest explicit text filtering in ambiguous mode, nor in combination with 2-key explicit entry, stem-locking, or n-gram searches.
A Need for Improvements to Current Disambiguation Methodologies.
Disambiguating an ambiguous keystroke sequence continues to be a challenging problem. A specific challenge facing disambiguation is providing sufficient feedback to the user about the keystrokes being input. With an ordinary typewriter or word processor, each keystroke represents a unique character which can be displayed to the user as soon as it is entered. But with word-level disambiguation, for example, this is often not possible, because each entry represents multiple characters, and any sequence of entries may match multiple objects, such as, words or word stems, for example. Such ambiguity is especially a problem when, for example, the user makes a spelling or entry error and the user is not certain of such error until the complete sequence is entered and the desired result is not presented. In another example, previous systems utilizing word-level disambiguation fail to provide any feedback until a predetermined selection, such as a specific key selection, is made that is recognizable by the system as a termination selection, e.g. the space key.
Moreover, some alphabets, such as Thai and Arabic, contain more letters than the alphabet for English, which leads to even greater ambiguity on a reduced number of keys. Efficient input of these languages demands a mechanism for reducing that ambiguity when needed.
Therefore, it would be advantageous to provide a disambiguating system which reduces the apparent ambiguity on the display during entry and improves the user's ability to detect and correct spelling and/or entry errors.
It would also be advantageous to provide a disambiguating system which reduces ambiguity and increases efficiency by providing explicit filtering capabilities such that a list of candidate words, word stems, sequence of symbols, and the like, is narrowed, and the user can subsequently be offered a word completion or sequence completion quicker. More specifically, it would be advantageous to allow locking in a current state of interpretation of a part of or all of previously entered characters including, but not limited to an object and/or word stems, and explicitly entered characters, thereby preventing reinterpretation of previous entries.
It would also be advantageous to build around explicitly entered characters as anchors, for the end of or beginning of new objects, words, or word stems.
It would also be advantageous to offer reasonable guesses for extending objects or words by n-gram analysis of preceding explicitly entered characters.
It would also be advantageous to reduce ambiguity and increase efficiency during the process of disambiguating a linguistic object, such as a word or word stem, for example, by preventing reinterpretation of previous entries.
It would also be advantageous to recognize common delimiters entered ambiguously or explicitly as suggesting a point connecting two separate sets of characters to suggest where the interpretation of keystrokes could be restarted.
The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for explicit filtering in ambiguous text entry. The invention provides embodiments including various explicit text entry methodologies, such as 2-key and long pressing. The invention also provides means for matching words in a database using build around methodology, stem locking methodology, word completion methodology, and n-gram searches.
The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for explicit filtering in ambiguous text entry. The invention provides embodiments including various explicit text entry methodologies, such as 2-key and long pressing. The invention also provides means for matching words in a database using build around methodology, stem locking methodology, word completion methodology, and n-gram searches.
More specifically, the present invention relates to a method and apparatus for explicit filtering in an ambiguous text entry mode, for extending and interpreting objects, words, word stems, and the like, and for stem-locking. One specific embodiment of explicit filtering for reducing ambiguity uses a variety of explicit entry means, including a 2-key explicit entry feature, wherein a key depression in combination with a matrix display are used. An extending and interpreting methodology is provided wherein complex phrases are allowed to be typed in. Predetermined sets of characters are "built around" as anchors for the end or beginning of new words or word stems. Reasonable guesses are offered for extending words by "n-gram" analysis of preceding explicit letters. Specifically, three specific embodiments using stem-locking are provided, wherein the first embodiment uses a combination of the n letters of a desired object, such as a word, and a next key. The second embodiment locks in the stem portion of the object and resolves the unlocked portion of the object. The third embodiment uses n-gram searches.
A block diagram of a preferred embodiment of the reduced keyboard disambiguating system hardware is provided in
It should be appreciated and understood by one of ordinary skill in the art that the discussion applies to symbols and sequences of symbols, which, when combined make an object or part of an object. A typical example of a symbol is a character in any language, such as a letter, digit, punctuation mark, or any other symbol from a language. A typical example of an object or part of an object is a word or part of a word. However, the discussion herein equally applies to Japanese kana and Korean jamos. Also, it should be noted that the objects don't have to be linguistic, as the claimed disambiguating system herein can be used to look up icons, phone numbers, or inventory records, as long as a type of symbolic string representation is present. Therefore, it should be appreciated that use of the terms such as letter, word, word stem, and the like are not limited to only those applications, and are used to facilitate ease of reading and understanding the discussion herein.
Explicit Entry
One preferred embodiment of generating an explicit character for the purpose of filtering word choices according to the invention provides a 2-key explicit entry feature. In many languages, such as English, all the letters associated with a key are printed on the key, such as depicted in
However, other languages, such as French, include many more letters than can visually fit on a key, such as the cell phone key.
It should be readily apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art that the 2-key explicit entry method for the purpose of filtering can be extended to any other language. It should also be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art that alternate configurations are possible, such as, for example, a scrolling list.
According to an alternate configuration, the user selects a key by way of a long-press to display and cycle through the character sequence on that key. As shown in
In yet another configuration, after the character sequence is presented by way of the long-press on the key, the character appears or is highlighted each additional time the key is pressed. The presentation of each explicit character may end when a sufficient time elapses between one key press and the next or when a different key is pressed.
In yet another configuration, after the character sequence is presented by way of the long-press on the key, the character appears or is highlighted each additional time a navigation key is pressed, where a navigation key is, for example, an arrow key or a scrolling wheel.
Following is a list of other explicit entry means for filtering. It should be appreciated that the list is meant by example only, and is not exhaustive:
Another means of explicit entry for filtering is when any character assigned to a key is offered to the user through a secondary means, e.g., displayed on the label of a programmable key, or "softkey", which if chosen would be entered explicitly. The softkey mechanism allows correction of the last keystroke entered, e.g., if the user is extending a word with additional characters or wishes to correct the displayed interpretation before the entire word is entered. The additional character offered would be based on an analysis of the most likely character associated with the preceding keystroke, or based on the words in the current word candidate list. Assuming the most likely character was already displayed in the ambiguous word choice, then the second most likely character would be offered. For instance, if the user wants to type "ram" and enters the key sequence 726, the word "ran" appears. The most likely letter for that position in the word candidate list associated with 726 is "m", then "m" could be offered on the softkey. When the user presses the softkey, the "m" replaces the "n" in the word "ran".
Explicit Character Filtering in Ambiguous Mode
Explicit character filtering in ambiguous mode is when a character is explicitly entered during entry of a sequence of ambiguous entries. One embodiment of explicit entry already discussed is the 2-key explicit entry method using a matrix as described above. According to another preferred embodiment of the invention, explicit entry of a character is accomplished by a long depression of the associated key. When one or more characters in a sequence of characters is explicitly entered, only stored words with that explicitly selected character(s) in the corresponding position(s) are retrieved.
One way of retrieving the desired word according to one embodiment of the invention is when an explicit character is entered in ambiguous entry mode, then the disambiguating filtering system continues to match database words against the ambiguous and explicit letters as long as possible, rather than accepting the default word upon the first explicit letter. If there is no match, the last ambiguous word selected is accepted and a new letter is appended to it.
As an example, suppose a user wants to enter the word "home" in English T9. The user long presses the 6 key in the 3rd position to explicitly select "m," resulting in only "home," and, in addition, word stems "imme" and "gome" after 4 keystrokes.
Another example is using a mixed alphanumeric word like "cu2night", which could be stored in a database. If the user long presses on the 2 key, then explicitly enters a "2," words such as "cub" are thus filtered out from the word candidate list.
Explicit filtering is another way to quickly offer word completions. If "cu2night" was in a database, and "cu" was entered ambiguously followed by "2" explicitly, all ambiguous interpretations of the keystroke sequence "282" will be filtered out, leaving "cu2night" as a more likely choice to be offered through word completion.
Build Around
In another aspect of the disambiguating filtering system, words from the database can be "built around" explicitly or ambiguously entered characters, or, additionally characters from a predetermined set of characters. According to one interpretation, the matching words, if any, include the explicit character for a particular sequence. However, additional interpretations of the sequence may include: one or more words that match the ambiguous keys that precede and/or end with the explicit character; one or more matching words that begin with the explicit character if any; and one or more words that match the ambiguous keys that follow the explicit character. For example, if the key sequence for "gifts4less" is entered, with the digit "4" entered explicitly, the words "gifts" matches the ambiguous key sequence preceding the explicit character and "less" matches the key sequence following it, even if "gifts4less", "gifts4", and "4less" are not found in the database. Similarly, "mobile.com" may be typed as one word automatically constructed from the database entries "mobile" and ".com", or from the entries "mobile" and "." and "com" if there is a key for ambiguous punctuation; in either of those cases the period may not need be explicitly entered.
One embodiment of the build around concept can be described with reference to
If a match is found among any of the groups (9400), then the desired word is chosen and displayed (9500). If the user desires to build around this sequence, the user can press a next key to obtain the next set of results from multiple searches to the database (9600).
If the database did not find an initial match (9100), then the database is multiply searched for matches to key sequences (9700), wherein a key sequence is divided into two sets on either side of a delimiter, description of which and examples of which are presented above.
It should be appreciated that means to search for and display/present the set of possible desired words can vary and still remain within the scope and spirit of the invention.
In the preferred embodiment of the invention, stem-locking is locking one or more subsequences or substrings of characters within a sequence. For example, the first n-numbers of sequence of characters of a word can be locked in. The way stem-locking works is that only words with those locked in characters are searched. For instance, suppose a user selects the 4 and then the 6 key of a wireless cell phone using T9 technology. The word "go" is presented in the display. If "go" is locked in, then upon subsequent key selections, only words with "go" in the first two positions are selected.
The locking of letters can be performed in a number of different ways. For example, two such ways are by a "full next locking" mechanism and an "unbounded" methodology by moving a cursor over characters to select. As an example of implementing "full next locking," a "next" key is used. That is, according to one embodiment of the invention, selecting a "next" key locks in a previously presented series of characters, thereby eliminating the possibility of the system re-interpreting the object by re-interpreting the locked in series of characters. The selected series of characters are now marked as explicitly entered. An example of moving the cursor over characters (unbounded) according to one embodiment of the invention, the cursor is moved to the beginning of a series and by the user selecting a right-arrow key (or a left-arrow key, for example, in the Hebrew language), all the characters that the cursor moved over are locked in.
Another aspect of full next locking is locking a previously presented series of characters when likely word boundaries are identified. Such boundaries can be identified based on certain sequences of interactions, such as, for example, when the user "nexts" and then selects a symbol or punctuation character; or, when the user "nexts" and then enters an explicit number.
It should be appreciated that other methods to "lock" include, but are by no means limited to:
Stem locking approaches, such as those discussed above, can be related to "build around" as described herein above. That is, once a sequence has been locked in, it can be "built around."
Another example of the disambiguating filtering methodology is in the Japanese language. Sub-phrases in kana (phonetic) character form can be converted to kanji (Yomikata), and those converted sub-phrases may in turn filter interpretations of the remaining ambiguous kana preceding or following the converted sub-phrases, excluding interpretations that can't be used to construct valid phrases.
In another embodiment of the invention, a hierarchy of locks mechanism is used. For example, a right arrow key can lock in all characters to the left of the cursor. Therefore, in this implementation, a right-arrow key locks in a first-choice stem, while a "next" key locks in a not-first-choice stem.
Another implementation is using a "select" key instead of a right-arrow key in combination with a "next" key. For example, the "select" key can be used at the end of each ambiguous key sequence for either selecting and accepting the default choice (the select key is pressed once) or for selecting an alternative choice (the select key is pressed more than once until the desired choice appears or is highlighted). In this case, the "select" key is used to stem lock either the first or alternate choices, rather than using the right-arrow key for the first choice and the "next" key for other choices (or vice-versa, as the choice of keys is arbitrary, yet predetermined).
Word Extension and Completion
Another aspect of the invention is the system automatically starting a new word at a lock position. For example, the user enters "car" and locks it, and then enters the keys for "pet". "Carpet" is shown because it is a complete word in the database. The word "carset" is also shown because it is "car"+"set", which is another example of the "build around" concept, where an ambiguous sequence may follow an explicit character entry, causing one interpretation to be the beginning of a new ambiguous word.
Alternatively, when one or more previously-accepted characters precedes (is adjacent to, without spaces) the current and active ambiguous key sequence. The system uses the preceding characters to match words and phrases (e.g., in the user database) that begin with those characters and that match an ambiguous key sequence following those characters. Optionally, one or more word completions is offered. An example follows. A user enters and locks in (accepts) the characters, "con." Then, the user types ambiguous keys for "stan" and is offered "constantinople" as a word completion. In this example, the user could have used a left-/right-arrow key to accept "con" to be used to filter and to suggest word completions that begin with the accepted chars and are immediately adjacent to an ambiguous key sequence. Hebrew and other languages go the other direction, hence right-side-only is not assumed.
Although the invention is described herein with reference to the preferred embodiment, one skilled in the art will readily appreciate that other applications may be substituted for those set forth herein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Accordingly, the invention should only be limited by the claims included below.
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|Nuance Communications, Inc.
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|Veveo, Inc.
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|8 Dec 2011
|Zimmerman Roger S
|Transcription editing
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|Research In Motion Limited
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|Jason Tyler Griffin
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|U.S. Classification
|715/864, 341/22, 715/200, 400/485, 379/368, 715/773
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|26 Aug 2002
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When repairing the A/C Evaporator of your heating and air conditioning system, Denso carries the most suitable OE quality auto component for your car. It matches the exact same design of the stock A/C Evaporator that came with your motor vehicle as it was sent forth from the automotive factory so that you could be confident of its effectiveness.
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You are always welcome here at Audiko.net, where you can download hot ringtones for your smartphone. Today we have a ringtone of "Jones From Indiana" by Daughters as well as 28 other ringtones by Daughters. "Jones From Indiana" is a gorgeous track from the "Canada Songs" album that was issued by Daughters at their major label together with other 7 tracks. You can listen to all 9 Daughters – "Jones From Indiana" ringtone variations available here and download it for free in a click. You can also take a glance at other 3 albums produced by Daughters for all time. "Jones From Indiana" is referred to Grindcore, and we can offer you a huge amount of Grindcore videos absolutely for free. And finally, we have collected lyrics for this track and you can view it here as well. So feel free to browse, listen, download ringtones at Audiko.net. Make your phone sound cool!
Daughters Jones From Indiana Ringtone
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text:
Deviant Art
All for Naught -7The crew watched cautiously as Luffy spoke to his grandfather. They had found it odd that the old man would show up like this, especially without landing a blow to Luffy's skull first, but then again, the boy was a Marine now, and therefore Garp could easily talk to him without having to cover it up later.More Like This
The thought of that still made everyone's stomach turn.
Suddenly, Luffy's posture went frigid, and though he wasn't facing them, the pirates knew that something was bothering their friend. His muscles where tense, his back was like a rod, and his hands were curled into fists at his side.
The crew couldn't hear what the two were talking about, but they had a feeling it had to do with them, especially when the relatives parted and Luffy turned around.
He looked positively livid.
But more importantly, he looked afraid.
Luffy was beyond angry as he mulled over his conversation with Garp.
"W-what are you talking about, old man?" he had asked.
Garp's face was wary as he explained, "
|Sta.sh Submit


text:
In conjunction with the 2015 Copa America, and especially the 2015 Women's World Cup, the Penn Museum offers this photograph to the soccer world. Last year, I found this photo of soccer amongst the Eskimo of Point Barrow, Alaska, taken by ornithologist and Tabasco sauce heir, Edward Avery McIlhenny in 1897-1898. That photograph shows a […]
Tag Archives: Soccer
Eskimo Soccer
Posted in Archives, Fun!, Museum Also tagged 2015 Copa America, 2015 Women's World Cup, alaska, Copa America, Edward Avery McIlhenny, eskimo, football, point barrow, Tabasco, Women's World Cup Leave a comment
Hot pepper and ice – and the earliest photograph of soccer north of the Arctic Circle
The 2014 FIFA World Cup has begun in Brazil this afternoon. Since it is being played in a tropical country this year, the Penn Museum Archives thought it fitting to show what is most likely the earliest photograph of a soccer game played north of the Arctic Circle. Taken at Point Barrow, Alaska, the northernmost […]
Posted in Archives, Fun Friday Image of the Week, Games Also tagged alaska, Edward Avery McIlhenny, ethnology, football, ornithology, World Cup Leave a comment


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What's Next for Bloomberg and Schools?
New York, NY —There's nothing in writing just yet. But Mayor Bloomberg says he has an "understanding" with state leaders on a deal giving him control over the city schools. The agreement follows months of negotiations and marks the mayor's first big accomplishment since taking office this year. WNYC Reporter Beth Fertig joins us to explain the terms of the deal and what it all means.


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Reviews by Chicago5110
LOVE the Initial Swelling - Chicago, IL
I had Sculptra done yesterday to fill out my cheeks and my long, narrow face. I've had other fillers in the past, with variable results (sometimes good, sometimes minimal). This time I went to a new doctor who recommended Sculptra. Immediately after the first treatment he commented that I... READ MORE
Body jet lipo for outer thighs in Chicago
I learned about body jet lipo from a brochure in the waiting room while I was waiting to use my groupon for Botox. I'm certainly not a typical candidate for lipo because I'm over 60 and very slender--except for the saddlebags on my thighs that have always made buying pants/jeans a nightmare. ... READ MORE
Questions from Chicago5110
What Can I Do Before and After a Procedure to Minimize Bruising? I Have an External DCR Scheduled in 3 Weeks.
What can I do before and after a procedure to minimize bruising? I have an external DCR scheduled in 3 weeks. I previously had a failed tear duct procedure that caused terrible... READ MORE
Recent comments from Chicago5110
My dermatologist used a Q-switch laser at the lowest setting. This is the same laser used to remove tattoos. The stained pigment rose to my skin's surface and then flaked off over a few days. Only one treatment was needed in my case.... READ COMMENT
I had a brown area under my eye following tear duct surgery. (I had actually been stained by my own blood.) No concealer could cover it. I had excellent results with the laser that is used to remove tattoos. I can't remember the... READ COMMENT
I saw Dr. Iteld at the Geldner Center. He is very personable, and he seems to be skilled with Sculptra. I had 2 treatments of 2 vials each for a total cost of $3000. (Yeah, Sculptra isn't cheap. And the first treatment of 2 vials... READ COMMENT
I had my first Sculptra treatment yesterday. During my initial consultation, my doctor told me that he had treated 20 patients with Sculptra. He reportedly had good results 19 times, but no results at all with one patient. I guess... READ COMMENT
I recently read an article in an ophthalmology journal reporting on a small study of the value of Arnica in preventing bruising after blepharoplasty. It was found to have no value at all. Apparently, there are significant individual... READ COMMENT


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An oversized item surcharge may apply to some heavy or bulky items due to size, weight or special handling required. This item surcharge is in addition to standard shipping rates and not included in shipping promotions.
Functionality at its finest with a classic look from Spring Step. High quality waterproof upper. Slip resistant for excellent traction. Padded insole.
Web Id: P000319693


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Bill Pennington
Ben Solomon for The New York Times
Bill Pennington writes the On Par column and stars in the related video series on nytimes.com.
Pennington, who covers a number of sports in addition to golf, joined The New York Times in 1997 from the Bergen Record, where he was a sports columnist.
A longtime golfer, Pennington grew up near some of New England's historic golf courses, but hasn't been able to get his handicap below 11.
A six-time winner of the Associated Press Sports Editor's writing award, Pennington is a graduate of Boston University. He lives with his wife, Joyce, and three children in Warwick, N.Y.
For Inspiration, Rejuvenated Giants Turn to (Who Else?) a 69-Year-Old
Players credit Tom Coughlin for the team's turnaround after an 0-2 start. "I think he's come in with more energy, more enthusiasm," one Giant said.
October 6, 2015, Tuesday
Little Pass Goes Long Way for Giants
A 51-yard catch-and-run by Rashad Jennings sealed a victory over the Bills and left the Giants (2-2) feeling rejuvenated about their prospects this season.
October 5, 2015, Monday
With Longer Kicks, Extra Points Lose the Dullness of Dead Certainty
A rule change this season that makes the extra point a 33-yard kick has already had an impact as kickers have already missed 13 attempts and coaches are thinking more about the 2-point conversion.
October 4, 2015, Sunday
Giants at Bills Matchup
Here's what you need to know when the Giants play the Bills.
October 4, 2015, Sunday
Giants Rule Out Victor Cruz for Bills Game
The Giants said on Thursday that there was no timetable for Cruz's return to the lineup after he reinjured a left calf strain working out with the team on Wednesday.
October 2, 2015, Friday
Giants' Victor Cruz Leaves Practice After Calf Injury Setback
Cruz, who was expected to be back at wide receiver for the first time in nearly a year, aggravated a strained calf muscle that has been bothering him since August.
October 1, 2015, Thursday
Giants' Victor Cruz Returns to Practice
Cruz, a wide receiver, ran about 20 pass routes without discomfort in either his surgically rebuilt right knee or his strained left calf muscle. "Everything feels good; everything is starting to click," he said.
September 29, 2015, Tuesday
Washington Nationals Use Baseball as a Beacon of Hope at Youth Academy
On the tumbledown streets of one of the poorest sections of the nation's capital, the gleaming Nationals Youth Baseball Academy has risen to reconnect youngsters to baseball, academics and life.
September 27, 2015, Sunday
The Giants' Wait for Victor Cruz Could Be Nearing an End
The star receiver has not played in roughly a year while recovering from a strained calf muscle and major knee surgery.
September 26, 2015, Saturday
Giants Build a Fourth-Quarter Lead, and Win Nonetheless
The Giants, who squandered big leads in losing their first two games, pulled away from the Redskins with a late 30-yard touchdown catch by Odell Beckham Jr.
September 25, 2015, Friday
1994 in Sports: Messier's Guarantee
Mark Messier guaranteed a victory as the Rangers faced elimination in the Eastern Conference finals. The Times's Bill Pennington, George Vecsey and Jay Schreiber reflect.
1994 in Sports: O.J. and the Bronco
The Times's William C. Rhoden and Bill Pennington reflect on the O.J. Simpson Bronco chase from the summer of 1994.
1994 in Sports: Knicks Come Up Short
The Times's William C. Rhoden and Bill Pennington reflect on the Knicks losing to the Houston Rockets in the N.B.A. Finals.
1994 in Sports: World Cup in America
The Times's Bill Pennington and George Vecsey reflect on the 1994 World Cup.
1994 in Sports: Yankees in First
The Times's Bill Pennington reflects on the 1994 Yankees.
1994 in Sports: Rangers Win the Cup
The Times's Bill Pennington reflects on the Rangers winning Game 7 of the Stanley Cup finals against the Vancouver Canucks.
2013: A Look Back, and Beyond
Reporters and editors for The New York Times are recalling the people, teams and moments that made 2013 memorable, and in some cases looking ahead to next year.
Evolution of a Game
Bill Pennington talks to Arnold Palmer and his grandson Sam Saunders about golf club technology.
Staying Focused
On Par columnist Bill Pennington gets a little too distracted while on the golf course.
Let It Rain
On Par columnist Bill Pennington doesn't let a little rain stop him from playing golf.
Rss Feeds On Bill Pennington
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- Conveniently sized hand-held container
- Stock tooling available
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- Easy-peel lidding and decorative shrink-sleeve
- Shrink-sleeve can be pre-applied by Printpack to container
Stand Up Pouch
- Custom engineered films and rollstock for form, fill and seal applications
- Pre-made pouches and bags with a wide variety of features available (shapes, spouts, easy open, reclose, etc.)
- Structures for any application including hot fill aseptic and retort
Trays & Rollstock
- Preformed cups and thermoforming rollstock for thermally processed, shelf stable food – retort, hot-fill, aseptic
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*Other packaging formats available. Please contact us for more information.
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text:
- 146Promote
Canvas Print
Flowers of the Fieldby Shawn King
Fine art print on bright white, fine poly-cotton blend, matte canvas using latest generation Epson archival inks. Individually trimmed and hand stretched museum wrap over 1-1/2" deep wood stretcher bars. Includes wall hanging hardware.
flowers, coneflowers, summer, purple, green, yellow, garden, field
So pretty!
Lovely picture, Shawn. Also great with the light shining like that on the flowers.
Thank you, Lisa!
Thanks so much for your comments, Irene!
Many thanks, meme!
botanical dream. so pretty, Shawn
Thank you, Tracy!!!
Appreciate your comment, Laura!
what a great place!
Thank you, Catherine! :)
That's a beaut!
Why, thank you, Jaina!
Thanks so much, Mayara!
Amazing shot and seriously looks great on those covers!
Love this, it's so sweet :)
Lovely !!!!
Very elegant! ~Zeana
The vignetting is beautiful, feels like I'm peeking into a secret paradise.
J. Medbury, thanks for the lovely comment!
Katherine, thank you and great to hear from you!
Thank you, Leyda!
Thank you, Christine!
Zeana, thanks so much!
Many thanks, Rebecca!
Pretty summery tones!
Thank you, Isabelle!!!
Thank you, Beverly!!!
nice job shawn!!!!
Like a magical secret garden!
Many thanks, Maite!!!
Thanks so much, Joy!!!
Lovely retreat. I hope there's a bench nearby. =)
Thank you, Robin! :)
Thanks, Esther!!!
such pretty rich color!
Thank you so much, Sylvia!
Thank you, Pegeen!
What a lovely shot...... are those cone flowers?
Thanks, Tracey! Yes, they're purple coneflowers. What a hot but fun day!
Like the depth...
Thanks so much, Pidster!
Beautiful colors!
Thanks for your support, Carolyn!!!
Love the light, Shawn !!
Appreciate your kindness, Christopher!
very pretty
I appreciate your encouragement so much, Catspaws!!!
Lovely, Shawn!
Appreciate the support, Peter!
love it, beautiful colors
Thanks again, Jane! :)
Gorgeous and magical!~
So beautiful~
Thanks so much, Julia and Faithful Canvas! :D
Gorgeous work!
Thank you, CharismArt! :)
Simply beautiful!
Thank you, Elenor! :)
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text:
Rivers originate from forms of precipitation, springs, groundwater recharge or melted ice and snow gathering at the top of a mountain or hill. This trickling of water starts as a gully, then converges with tributary streams to form a river. A river is then formed by its flowing motion cutting through the surface to allow it to flow.Know More
Gullies gain strength as they merge with several tributary streams along the higher points of elevated surfaces. As the river travels down these hills or mountains, they form depressions called valleys. The river continues to flow downstream, gathering pieces of rock and breaking them down with its flowing movement. Once the stream reaches flatter ground, the broken down pieces of sediment solidify the makeup of the river by depositing themselves to the bottom. The river continues to flow, but at a slower pace in the shape of an S called a meander.
Most rivers form on the surface, but they can also form underground. These types of rivers are called subterranean and subglacial streams. Subterranean rivers are caused by rivers flowing through sinkholes in mountains and flowing through the caves, while subglacial streams are created from melted water and flow under sheets of ice and glaciers.Learn more about Earth Science
The densest material on earth was created by the Large Hadron Collider and named quark-gluon plasma. The substance can only exist in extremely hot temperatures and is denser than a neutron star.Full Answer >
Wind is created by changes in air pressure from one area to another. Changes in air pressure are determined by a variety of forces, including the density and temperature of air masses. When air moves from between areas of high pressure and low pressure, wind directions and speeds may change.Full Answer >
Wind energy is created when moving air causes a wind turbine to rotate, powering a motor that generates electricity. The energy of the wind itself derives from differential heating of the air by the sun and the rotation of the Earth, combined with landscape features which shape the air flow. In this way, wind power is an indirect form of solar power.Full Answer >
A lightning bolt is created from the ground up and also down from the sky. Negative charges from a thunderstorm slowly lower to the ground, while positive charges rise from the ground or an object toward the sky. When these two streamers, or ion groups, meet, visible lightning is created.Full Answer >


text:
Thompson Center Flintlock Field Kit
Product #: 238159 Thompson Center #: 7099 UPC #: 090161021525
- Information
The Thompson Center Flintlock Field Kit comes with all the basics you will need for Flintlock maintenance while in the field. Contains a pan brush, jaw tightening rod, stainless steel touch hole pick and small screwdriver with three different size blades for a multitude of uses including rear sight adjustment. Lightweight and compact. All tools provided on a handy key ring.
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Product ships from MidwayUSA, separate from any other products on your order due to its size. Products that are Shipped Alone incur separate "Per Order" and "Per Pound" shipping charges.
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Columbia Men's Bugaboo II Pant
Key Features
Tough 100\\% nylon Legacy twill fabric construction
Super-soft 100\\% polyester tricot lining
40-gram Microtemp polyester insulation for warmth
Omni-Tech waterproof/breathable membrane
Adjustable waist tabs; articulated knees
Our Price $95.00
Sale Price $49.92
Availability: Sold Out
- Please note: This item can only be shipped to U.S. addresses.
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Product DescriptionThe Bugaboo Pant is built to withstand a variety of rugged outdoor adventures. It's constructed from tough nylon Legacy twill fabric, lined with super-soft polyester tricot, and packed with 40 grams of cozy Microtemp polyester insulation. An Omni-Tech waterproof/breathable membrane and critically sealed seams ensure that moisture stays on the outside where it belongs. The Bugaboo Pant features adjustable waist tabs; snap-closed waistband with belt loops and zippered fly; articulated knees for mobility; internal, adjustable leg gaiters; and reinforced cuff guards. Two zip-closed hand pockets provide convenient storage for your essential gear. Modern Classic fit. Imported.