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text: POPSUGAR Celebrity Kristen Stewart Pictures of Kristen Stewart by Lauren Turner 10/18/10 0 Shares Like us on Facebook Sign up for our daily newsletter > Follow us on Pinterest Previous Photo 1 of 11 View on One Page ADVERTISEMENT ( more slides) Next Share This Link Copy 1 Pictures of Kristen Stewart Previous Photo 1 of 11 View on One Page ADVERTISEMENT ( more slides) Next Read More Kristen Stewart Kristen Stewart 26 Celebrities Who Aren't Afraid to Strip to Their Skivvies Did Kristen Stewart Break Up With Alicia Cargile? A Totally Honest Retelling of What Happened in Twilight Julianne Moore Picks Her Favorite Between Robert Pattinson and Kristen Stewart POPSUGAR, the #1 independent media and technology company for women. Where more than 75 million women go for original, inspirational content that feeds their passions and interests. Be in the Know With OurCelebrity and Entertainment Newsletter Personalize Young Hollywood A-Listers Movies TV Sign up with facebook or By signing up, I agree to the Terms and to receive emails from POPSUGAR. imlookinatanangel 4 years i hafta agree with DAWNGIRL she always poses the same way but that doesn't mean she doesn't look gorgeous everytime she poses Malorie 4 years Kristen~ looks great in this dress and her hair done nicely on her, but Kristen is a young lady that can wear anything or no makeup at all and still look great... love it all... =)


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Spring weather means graduation is coming, ushering in a season of new beginnings for students finishing high school, college, and graduate school. After three years of seminary, I'm a master of divinity. At least that's what the diploma will say. Supposedly I'm now prepared to enter full-time pastoral ministry. If anything, I'm increasingly aware of how much I don't yet know about God, his Word, and shepherding his flock. Maybe that's a healthy place to be.
That said, seminary has been an invaluable time of study and reflection. God has laid a foundation of learning that will support me through what I hope will be decades of faithful ministry, if he tarries. At the outset of this adventure, I benefited from the advice of wise pastors and seminarians who counseled me in how to make the most of this time of preparation. I heeded their charge to settle in a local church and invest myself in congregational ministry, immediately applying what I learned. I grew attached to a few professors who made time for students and cared sincerely about my spiritual and academic development. And I resisted the temptation to expect that a few hours of class per week over the course of a semester could teach me everything I needed to know about systematic theology, biblical Hebrew, or counseling.
A new book edited by Andrew J. B. Cameron and Brian S. Rosner, The Trials of Theology: Becoming a 'Proven' Worker in a Dangerous Business, captures much of this advice. Both Cameron and Rosner teach at Moore Theological College in Sydney, Australia, where John W. Woodhouse is principal. Woodhouse's contribution to the book, an essay on "The Trials of Theological College," elaborates on some of the most important lessons I learned in seminary.
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Category Archives: Ministry
MexiGO! 2014
I have been busy organizing another intergenerational mission trip to Ensenada BC Mexico for College Avenue Baptist Church this summer. We're calling it MexiGO! 2014 and once again, we'll be working with YUGO Ministries out of their Ensenada Outreach Center. … Continue reading
Mexico Mission 2013
Last week I led a group of 20 people from CABC (College Avenue Baptist Church) to Ensenada, Mexico for an intergenerational short-term mission trip. Once again, we stayed at YUGO Ministries' Ensenada Outreach Center (EOC) and worked with their staff … Continue reading
Fifty Years Ago This Month
With so many graduations going on this month, it occurred to me recently that I graduated from high school FIFTY years ago. Yep, a half-century ago, I marched with the Camarillo High School class of '63. More significantly, it also … Continue reading
Posted in College Avenue Baptist Church, Ministry, Personal Tagged Don Goehner, Ministry, Pastor to Generations, YFC, youth ministry Leave a comment
CABC@PineValley Was a Hit!
Our church (College Avenue Baptist Church) recently held it's first-ever intergenerational, all-church retreat at Pine Valley Christian Camp, about 30 minutes out of San Diego. It turned out to be the coldest weekend San Diego county has had in quite … Continue reading
Posted in College Avenue Baptist Church, Ministry Tagged College Avenue Baptist Church, Community-Building, intergenerational, Pine Valley Comments Off on CABC@PineValley Was a Hit!
Parenting Tips for the New Year
Actually, I wrote these tips about twenty years ago but they were recently reprinted in HomeWord's January 2013 Parent Newsletter. Here they are for a whole new generation of parents: Parenting adolescents can be a scary prospect, as kids get older … Continue reading
YS Lifetime Achievement Award
After being assured that receiving a Lifetime Achievement Award doesn't necessarily mean your lifetime is over, I was pleased to accept a LAW from Youth Specialties at their recent San Diego National Youth Workers Convention. From what I hear, this … Continue reading
Posted in Bluegrass, Ministry, Personal Tagged banjo, Bluegrass, Brush Arbor, Ministry, YFC, youth ministry, Youth Specialties Leave a comment
Taking Your Kids to "Big Church"
Every 5th Sunday at College Avenue Baptist, we cancel all of our childrens programming during the morning worship hour so that families can worship together all in the same place. Our services are intergenerational in the sense that our youth … Continue reading
Mexico Family Mission Trip #2
Just returned from our second mission trip to Mexico this summer and it was a very special one. I have to admit, I wasn't sure about this trip because most of our July team were newbies and we didn't have … Continue reading
Posted in College Avenue Baptist Church, Ministry Tagged College Avenue Baptist Church, Ensenada, Mission Trips, YUGO Leave a comment
Mexico Family Mission Trip #1
I just got back from a week in Mexico with a group of families from my church, the first of two trips that we are doing this summer. Thirty-three moms, dads and their kids spent July 17-20 at YUGO's Ensenada … Continue reading
Posted in College Avenue Baptist Church, Ministry Tagged College Avenue Baptist Church, Ensenada, Mexico, Ministry, Mission Trips, YUGO Leave a comment
The Eighth Deadly Sin
Pastor Carlton Harris (College Avenue Baptist Church) just completed a powerful series of sermons on the Seven Deadly Sins. One of my takeaways from the series was that the Seven Deadly Sins are particularly troublesome for Christians, for those who … Continue reading
Posted in Ministry, Personal Tagged Busyness, Carlton Harris, College Avenue Baptist Church, Jim Burns, Ministry, Sin Leave a comment


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Tubing: It's one of Texans' favorite summer pastimes.
courtesy Joshs Frio River Outfitters
Rent Tubes at Josh's in Leakey: We admittedly haven't done the research, but we're guessing there are not a ton of places to go tubing in NYC. Swing by family-owned Josh's Frio River Outfitter in Leakey and grab a tube for yourself, the kids, your dog and the beer cooler – they carry tubes for them all – and toss them in the back of your truck (you do drive a truck, right?).


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The progressive think tank Demos, which has been a leading voice in the progressive policy conversation and, according to Politico, has been consulted by Clinton's team, has laid out some ideas that could influence the agenda that Clinton unveils.
Nationally, the data demonstrates a vicious cycle of debt eroding future wealth creation, which can lead to more debt for future generations. According to a report by the think tank Demos, the effects of exorbitant student debt can linger long after college, with the average debt burden potentially costing grads more than $200,000 of lifetime earnings.
In weekly calls and in meetings over the past few months, Hillary Clinton's policy team has been soliciting input from policy experts with ties to Sen. Elizabeth Warren, with the goal of making student loan reform the core of Clinton's economic agenda.
More than 1.9 million Black Americans work in retail, accounting for 11 percent of the industry's total workforce. Despite being the second-largest source of employment for Black workers, new data from the NAACP and equality advocacy organization, Demos, finds that the industry is rife with racial inequality and poor earning potential.
The general idea is that students who attend a four-year public college would have their tuition and debt reduced almost to zero through a combination of moves. The federal government would increase its aid to states for higher education, so schools could bring down tuition. Pell Grants would be increased for low-income students, and with lower tuition this money could be spent by students on costs like books.
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â00I think they can win. I see no reason why not,â0 said Williams, who also started all four internationals on the only-ever victorious tour of New Zealand back in 1971.
â00The selection of the team will be important. Players shouldnâ00t be picked on reputation, they should be picked on current form.
â00I think thereâ00s a good coaching team going out there. Knowing Warren Gatland, he doesnâ00t stand on ceremony. He wonâ00t pick Welsh players ahead of other players if theyâ00re not playing as well.
â00Professional players canâ00t sit on their laurels. Whatever reputation youâ00ve got, youâ00re only as good as your last game.â0
JPR Williams (centre) is optimistic about the Lions' chances next summer
Williams watched the recent autumn internationals and, despite the Home Nations registering just one win over southern hemisphere opposition, the 59-year-old saw enough to suggest things will be different when they all come together under the Lions banner.
He also feels that the manner of South Africaâ00s narrow wins over Wales and Scotland leaves the Springboks with plenty to mull over in the six months before the first Test.
â00I think South Africa are struggling a bit,â0 added Williams.
â00I donâ00t think theyâ00re a happy camp. Itâ00s always more difficult as world champions as youâ00re a target. England found that out after 2003.
â00Theyâ00ve got a very good back row, theyâ00ve probably got the best second rows in the world and theyâ00ll always have a very good pack so itâ00ll be a question of getting enough possession. Habana is something special â00 heâ00s lightening - but South Africa arenâ00t great behind. I think weâ00ve got the potential to have a better back division.
â00Rugbyâ00s changed a lot but if you donâ00t get the ball, you canâ00t win, no matter how good your backs are. Itâ00ll be a question of possession and thatâ00s something weâ00ll have to work on.â0


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Story was one-sidedMarch 30,2013
Story was one-sided
I was dismayed by your recent article on the firing of a facilities employee at Goddard College. Though you rightly did not print the anonymous letter you received, you went on to paraphrase it so thoroughly you might as well have put the actual letter on the front page. Though I have no formal ties to the college or its staff and had no prior knowledge of the incident, I thought your treatment was unfair to the administration, especially President Vacarr. The college of course could not comment on the situation and therefore the article came across as completely one-sided. The article could easily have been written without mention of what was actually in the letter.
For goodness sake, if your policy is not to print anonymous letters, then dont print them.
Susan Z. Ritz
MontpelierMORE IN Letters
Recent testimony to Congress by economics professor Laurence Kotlikoff indicated America is... Full Story
The green movement in Vermont is guided by fear and greed. Full Story
I am writing to call attention to a couple of groups of awesome professionals in our community. Full Story
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Daily Deal 2/7/13: Maternity Tights & Dresses
Every morning I wake up to an inbox overloaded with special offers, deals, flash sales and hot items. So why not let me do the work for you? I have looked through them all to pick the deal you just can't miss! Whether it's an on trend item, a fantastic sale or a classic staple piece, rest assured I will give you the daily deal worth buying.
Today's Daily Deal is for all those Mom-to-Be out there! Just because you don't fit into your favorite DVF blouse or J Brand jeans right now, doesn't mean you can't still look fabulous! I am a big believer in showing off the bump and with the right outfit, your bump can be your best accessory.
Gilt is featuring a sale on fantastic maternity colored tights for and dresses to help you stay fashionable throughout your nine months. To be honest, I never thought of maternity tights before. And now it's like, of course there are fun maternity tights! How could I have been so naive?!
Now, let's talk dresses. I saw, embrace a fun pattern or bright color. This way you can layer the dress now with tights and boots and then take it through the spring. And if you have a romantic Valentine's Day date planned, there are plenty of sexy red dress options!
|Related Links
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September 29, 2015
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December 11, 2014
About Author
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Leave it to a Missouri girl... I think I am going try and create my own Redneck IntelliGender test!
I read in a thread yesterday that the IG test reads the PH in your morning urine. Then this morning, it hit me! Here's a conversation I had with DH over breakfast:
ME: When you're checking the pool chemicals and it has too much PH, what color does the little test strip show?
DH: I don't know. We've never had an excessive PH reading.
ME: Well, when it's too low, what color is it?
DH: A yellow to an orange.
ME: REALLY? That IG test that I was telling you about makes it's results based on the PH in your morning urine. If your PH is low, it gives a girl reading, which is a yellow/orange. A boy reading (extra PH) results in a dark green color. ....I wonder what would happen if I peed on one of your little pool tester strips???
So, does anyone who has taken the IG have a pool at your house? Would you be willing to pee on a test strip to see if you can get the same reading as the IG?
I am so doing it in the morning. Stay tuned for redneck entertainment!


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Part of the Martin Ray portfolio, this entry level Alexander Cabernet Sauvignon is made in a fruit-forward style, but it has a surprising amount of acid backbone for something at this price point. It smells a bit like Doc Browns black cherry soda mixed with vanilla, and the palate is layered with lots of cherry, blackberry and plum fruit, with cinnamon, nutmeg and cardamom spice and depth. Its 10 months in French oak rounds out the tannins on the finish. Enjoy this with a meal.
The item you have chosen is not in stock in our retail stores or within our main warehouse.
2012 Novelty Hill Columbia Valley Cabernet Sauvignon
2013 Caymus Napa Valley Cabernet Sauvignon
2013 Wines Of Substance Columbia Valley Cabernet Sauvignon
2012 Beaulieu Vineyard "Tapestry Reserve" Napa Valley Bordeaux Blend
2012 Gundlach Bundschu "Mountain Cuvée" Sonoma County Red Blend


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Editor: Riks Laanbroek
Structure and function of denitrifying and nitrifying bacterial communities in relation to the plant species in a constructed wetland
Article first published online: 19 NOV 2008
DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6941.2008.00615.x
© 2008 Federation of European Microbiological Societies. Published by Blackwell Publishing Ltd. All rights reserved
FEMS Microbiology Ecology
Volume 67, Issue 2, pages 308–319, February 2009
Additional Information
How to Cite
Ruiz-Rueda, O., Hallin, S. and Bañeras, L. (2009), Structure and function of denitrifying and nitrifying bacterial communities in relation to the plant species in a constructed wetland. FEMS Microbiology Ecology, 67: 308–319. doi: 10.1111/j.1574-6941.2008.00615.x
Publication History
- Issue published online: 22 DEC 2008
- Article first published online: 19 NOV 2008
- Received 15 May 2008; revised 5 September 2008; accepted 15 September 2008.First published online 19 November 2008.
- Abstract
- Article
- References
- Cited By
- denitrifying bacteria;
- vegetation;
- rhizosphere;
- nosZ gene;
- constructed wetland
The community structure and potential activities of nitrifying and denitrifying bacteria were studied in the rhizosphere of Typha latifolia and Phragmites australis present in a free water system constructed wetland (CW). Potential nitrate reduction and nitrification activities were shown to be significantly higher in the rhizosphere when compared with the nonvegetated sediment. Higher rates were generally obtained for P. australis. The community structure of denitrifying bacteria in the rhizosphere differed from that found at the bulk sediment, as revealed by PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) of the nitrous oxide reductase encoding gene nosZ. Results also show a greater nosZ genotype diversification and suggest a plant species effect in rhizosphere samples obtained during events of low hydraulic retention times. Ammonia-oxidizing communities were less complex on the basis of PCR-DGGE analysis of the 16S rRNA gene. Retrieved sequences were all related to Nitrosomonas marina and Nitrosomonas ureae, being both present in rhizosphere and bulk sediment regardless of environmental changes. The results demonstrate the effect of vegetation on the functioning and structure of bacterial communities involved in the removal of nitrogen in the treatment cells of a CW and point to the use of vegetation coverage to promote nitrification or denitrification in particular areas.
Constructed wetlands (CWs) have been extensively developed in the last decades as alternatives to on-site treatment methods for diffuse or nonpoint nitrogen pollution of water, and are used for biological treatment of wastewater from industries or medium size municipalities (Leonard & Swanson, 2001). CWs are particularly suited to promoting water reuse in areas of reduced freshwater resources, such as the Mediterranean region (Mandi et al., 1998; Angelakis et al., 1999). Nitrogen removal in wetlands occurs, apart from direct assimilation by plants, through microbial nitrification and denitrification activities. Nitrification includes two aerobic processes; oxidation of ammonia to nitrite, which is further oxidized to nitrate. The first process is performed by a phylogenetically constrained group of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria in addition to crenarchaea, whereas the last step is carried out by the nitrite-oxidizing bacteria. Denitrification is an anaerobic respiration process, in which nitrate is reduced stepwise to dinitrogen gas by a diverse range of bacteria and archaea. In wetlands, these processes are mainly associated with the sediment or other submersed surfaces (Kallner Bastviken et al., 2003).
Vegetation coverage is a key factor controlling nitrogen removal in wetlands both directly and indirectly. It slows down the water flow rate, which prolongs the residence time and thereby the reaction time, provides organic matter and promotes growth of microorganisms in the sediment (Cooper et al., 1996; Ibekwe et al., 2007). Submerged and emergent plants may also represent an additional oxygen source for bacteria growing as biofilms on plant surfaces, in the rhizosphere or the adjacent sediment, explaining differences in coupled nitrification and denitrification in the rhizosphere compared with the bulk sediment (Risgaard-Petersen & Jensen, 1997; Ottosen et al., 1999). Despite the importance of vegetation, plant and plant-species effects on nitrification and denitrification and the microbial communities involved have not been well studied in CWs. In soil ecosystems, plants have been shown to induce and stimulate the growth of specific bacterial groups and create well-defined bacterial communities around the rhizosphere due to multiple and interwoven factors, for example root exudation or rhizodeposition at the root surface (Sørensen, 1997; Jaeger et al., 1999; Duineveld et al., 2001; Smalla et al., 2001; Philippot et al., 2002; Sharma et al., 2005).
A comparative study of functional groups involved in nitrogen removal in the rhizosphere of wetland vegetation may help to better understand the distribution of these microorganisms and to infer their activity in distinct areas of treatment wetlands, especially when compared with potential sediment metabolic capabilities (Kallner Bastviken et al., 2003; Dollhopf et al., 2005). Cattail (Typha latifolia and Typha angustifolia), reed (Phragmites australis and Phragmites communis) and bulrush (Scirpus sp. and Schoenoplectus lacustris) are among the most commonly used species for artificial vegetation coverage of CWs worldwide. Typha sp. and Phragmites sp. dominate in the Spanish Mediterranean area and are often planted in single or mixed stands. Knowledge about plant species effects on nitrogen removal is crucial when designing CWs to optimize and maybe compartmentalize the nitrification and denitrification processes.
The objective was to determine the impact of Typha sp. and Phragmites sp. on community structure and activity of nitrifying and denitrifying bacteria in the sediment of a free water-surface CW (FWS-CW) at two different operational conditions. The FWS-CW is located in the Costa Brava area in Spain and has to cope with highly varying influent loadings due to the many tourists during summer vacation compared with other periods of the year. The two sampling occasions were chosen to evaluate plant effects under low and high water flows and nitrogen loadings.
Materials and methods
Site description and sampling of sediment and rhizosphere
The FWS-CW system is located downstream the wastewater treatment plant of EDAR-Empuriabrava, which is situated outside Girona in the Costa Brava area in Spain. The wetland consists of three parallel cells with a total surface area of 8000 m2 and an average depth of 0.5 m. The aquatic vegetation is composed of P. australis and Typha sp., which mainly form separate stands. Large seasonal variations in the influent wastewater flow are common due to tourism in the region in summer. To assure that effluent ammonium concentrations never exceed 7 mg L−1, the load is restricted by bypassing the water flow to the nearby located Muga River. This action is regularly performed to prevent the development of severe anoxic conditions in the CW, which have been related to the development of avian botulism outbreaks in the natural reserve Els Aiguamolls de l'Empordà located downstream of the CW.
Sediment and rhizosphere were sampled June 16 and September 28, 2006. The June samples were representative for a restricted water-flow period and the CW was almost drained (Table 1). The September period was characterized by short water residence times in the wetland and a high nitrogen load, mainly in the form of ammonia. Three to six replicate rhizosphere samples of P. australis (P1–P8) and T. latifolia (T1–T8), as well as sediment devoid of vegetation (S1–S12) were collected in the third cell of the Empuriabrava CW. Replicates from each sample type were collected randomly in a 1 m2 area. Reed and cattail stands were located 40 m apart at a central point in the wetland. Because of difficulties accessing the CW, bulk sediment was not sampled from exactly the same site in June and September. Sampling was done using a 7-cm-diameter plexiglass tube mounted in a manual core sampler. Roots and root fragments were carefully removed from sediments by hand. Rhizosphere samples were considered as the portion of sediment that remained attached to plant roots after washing twice with sterile isotonic solution. Sediments were manually homogenized using a sterile spatula and roots were cut into c. 0.5-cm pieces and homogenized. Aliquots of all sediment replicates were maintained at −20 °C for further analysis.
|WWTP effluent
|FWS-CW effluent
|Flow (m3 day−1)
|Total N load FWS-CW (kg)
|N removal FWS-CW (%)
|N-NH4+ (mg L−1)
|N-NO3− (mg L−1)
|N-NH4+ (mg L−1)
|N-NO3− (mg L−1)
|16th June
|June mean (SE)
|18.43 (1.92)
|1.36 (0.41)
|2.65 (0.88)
|0.48 (0.13)
|54.8 (44.9)
|28th September
|September mean (SE)
|9.83 (4.24)
|4.91 (1.54)
|1.26 (0.30)
|2.55 (0.29)
|1074.1 (288.5)
Potential activity assays
Potential nitrate+nitrite reduction rates were determined as an indication of denitrification activity in all samples. For the September samples, potential denitrification activity was also measured using the acetylene inhibition technique, according to Pell et al. (1996) with some modifications. Preparation of sediment slurries was similar for both methods. Approximately 10 g of fresh sediment or roots were placed in 250-mL flasks and diluted in 49 mL of sterile isotonic solution. The atmosphere in the flasks was exchanged after five evacuation and filling cycles with N2. After 30-min agitation, incubations were supplemented with KNO3 (28 mg L−1 NO3−-N, final concentration) and ammonium acetate (0.5 g L−1), ethanol (0.2 g L−1) and propionic acid (0.3 g L−1). When measuring denitrification with the acetylene method, 30 mL acetylene were added to reach a 0.1 atm partial pressure before substrate addition. Samples of the liquid phase for nitrite and nitrate determination were taken every 30–45 min for the first 2 h of incubation and every hour for the next 4 h. Gas samples were taken every 12 min during the first hour and then every half hour for 5 h.
Potential nitrification activity measurements were determined as nitrate+nitrite production rates. Incubations were performed in a similar way as those for nitrate+nitrite reduction, but under aerobic conditions. The slurries were amended with (NH4)2SO2 to a final concentration of 210 mg L−1 NH4+-N and liquid samples were collected over a 24-h period. All activity measurements were done at 25 °C with continuous agitation (150 r.p.m.). Controls with sterilized sediments and roots were included.
Samples for the analysis of nitrate and nitrite concentrations (1 mL) were collected directly from slurries, centrifuged for 2 min at 12 000 g and filtered (0.2 μM). Samples were kept at −20 °C until analyzed by HPLC (Waters Corporation, Barcelona, Spain) using a 4.6 × 200 mm Waters Spherisorb® 5 μM SAX as analytical column (Smith et al., 2002). Nitrous oxide in gas vials was analyzed on a gas chromatograph (model CP 9000, Chrompack, Rotterdam, the Netherlands) equipped with a 63Ni electron capture detector. Initial and final ammonium concentrations in the nitrate+nitrite reduction activity experiments were determined in a destillator BÜCHI B-324, using an automatic titrator (Titrino 719S Metrohm). Five milliliter samples of either sediment or rhizosphere slurries were centrifuged at 3000 g for 5 min and the supernatant was collected in a sterile tube and acidified with 1N HCl. Samples were kept at −20 °C until analyzed.
DNA extraction and PCR conditions
DNA was extracted using the Ultraclean Soil DNA kit (MO BIO Laboratories Inc.) following the manufacturer's instructions and the concentration was measured using a NanoDrop® ND-1000 spectrophotometer (NanoDrop Technologies Inc., Wilmington, DE). PCR for the amplification of nosZ gene fragments were performed with primers nosZ-F (5′-CGY TGT TCM TCG ACA GCC AG-3′) (Kloos et al., 2001) and nosZ 1622R (5′-CGS ACC TTS TTG CCS TYG CG-3′), or nosZ1622R-GC before denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) (Throbäck et al., 2004). A touchdown PCR was performed in a minicycler (MJ Research) according to PCR conditions presented by Enwall et al. (2005).
Partial 16S rRNA genes of the β-subgroup of ammonia oxidizers were obtained by PCR amplification using the primer pair CTO189F AB/C-GC and CTO654R (5′-CTA GCY TTG TAG TTT CAA ACG C-3′) (Kowalchuk et al., 1997). Amplification reactions were run in a Geneamp 9700 thermal cycler according to PCR conditions described by (Kowalchuk et al., 1997).
DGGE analysis of nosZ and 16S rRNA genes
Three hundred nanograms of nosZ PCR products were loaded on 7% (v/v) acrylamide–bis-acrylamide gels with a 40–70% urea–formamide denaturing gradient. DGGE was performed in a DCode system from Bio-Rad Laboratories Inc. according to Enwall et al. (2005). For DGGE analysis of the 16S rRNA gene of the ammonia-oxidising bacteria (AOB), DGGE was carried out in an Ingeny phorU system (Ingeny, the Netherlands) using 6% acrylamide–bis-acrylamide gels and a 35–70% urea–formamide denaturing gradient (Bäckman et al., 2003). In both DGGE assays, gels were run for 17 h at 120 V and stained for 30 min with Sybr® Gold (Molecular Probes Europe, Invitrogen Corporation), for visualization under UV excitation. Images were captured with GelDoc 2000 system. For AOB gels, representative bands of every position in the gel were excised using a sterile scalpel. The DNA fragment was recovered by elution in Tris/HCl at 65 °C during 1 h and reamplified as described above.
Clone libraries
Based on the DGGE fingerprinting results, rhizosphere samples from June and September were selected for construction of four nosZ clone libraries. PCR products from sample triplicates were pooled, separated by electrophoresis on agarose gels, and purified with the MiniElute Gel Extraction Kit (Qiagen). Amplicons were then cloned with the TOPO TA Cloning Kit for Sequencing (Invitrogen) according to the manufacturer's specifications. Transformants were checked for correct insert size by transferring cells with a toothpick into 25 μL PCR reactions prepared as described above. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) was used to screen 90, 87, 63, and 84 positive clones for Typha sp. September (TS), Typha sp. June (TJ), Phragmites sp. September (PS) and Phragmites sp. June (PJ) samples. PCR products were digested overnight with AluI at 37 °C, and then loaded onto 2% agarose gels, electrophoresed for 2 h at 90 V. Gel image analysis was carried out using Gelcompar II (Applied Maths, NV) to identify different RFLP patterns and group clones accordingly. Coverage was calculated according to C=1−nN−1, where n is the number of different RFLP types encountered only once, and N is the total number of clones analyzed in the library. Clones from RFLP pattern types represented by at least two clones were selected from each of the four libraries and grown overnight in Luria–Bertani tubes at 37 °C before plasmid isolation with the QIAprep Spin Miniprep kit (Qiagen).
Sequencing in both directions of cloned partial nosZ gene fragments and AOB 16S rRNA gene fragments obtained from reamplification of DGGE excised bands, was performed by the Macrogen service (Macrogen, Korea). Sequences were manually checked and aligned using the clustalw software (European Bioinformatics Institute, http://www.ebi.ac.uk).
Statistical and phylogenetic analyses
Differences in potential activity rates were tested for the effects of planted vs. nonplanted areas, plant species, sampling time and the corresponding interactions by anova using the spss software (SPSS Inc.). Differences between means of either potential nitrification or nitrate+nitrite reduction were analyzed using Tukey's honestly significant difference (HSD) post hoc test at P≤0.05. The analyses were performed with the General Linear Model (GLM) procedure of the spss software (SPSS Inc.).
DGGE patterns of nosZ genes were analyzed using Gelcompar II (Applied Maths). Known samples were loaded in all DGGE gels and used as internal standards for the comparison between fingerprints. For sample comparison, a presence–absence matrix was used to calculate similarities between patterns and statistical analysis based on hierarchical cluster analysis was performed with the Jaccard distance and the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean grouping algorithm. The sequences were compared with those deposited in the GeneBank (NCBI) database using the blastn software (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/BLAST/). Phylogenetic analyses of the deduced amino acid sequences were conducted using the software mega version 4 (Tamura et al., 2007). Neighbour-joining trees were reconstructed by Amino Poisson correction and pairwise deletion. Tree topology was evaluated by bootstrap analysis using 1000 replicates.
Potential activities
The nitrate+nitrite reduction rates were significantly (P<0.05) higher in the P. australis and Typha sp. rhizosphere samples compared with the sediment samples on both sampling occasions (Fig. 1a). Not only the plant, but also the plant species affected the reduction rate. Potential rates measured in the P. australis rhizosphere were slightly higher than in that of Typha sp., although differences were not significant, due to the variation within replicates at each rhizosphere location. No significant differences in nitrite+nitrate reduction potential rates between any of the locations were observed at both sampling occasions. Ammonium was not detected (<0.3 mg NH4+-N L−1) during the incubation, which indicates neglectable dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonia under these conditions. In the September samples, potential denitrification rates were also determined from N2O production after acetylene inhibition. Denitrification rates were 19.9±3.6 and 14.1±1.1 in the P. australis and Typha sp. rhizosphere, respectively, whereas the rate in the sediment was 2.9±0.4 μg N2O-N g−1 DW h−1 (data not shown). Thus, the plant effect on denitrification rates were in agreement with those determined as nitrate+nitrite reduction, and the two methods correlated (R2=0.8). Nevertheless, the denitrification rates were two to three times lower compared with the nitrate+nitrite reduction rates. A similar relationship between the two techniques has been reported previously when applied to CW sediments and related to an incomplete blockage of the reduction of nitrous oxide (Seitzinger et al., 1993; Kallner Bastviken et al., 2003).
The potential nitrification rates were significantly higher in the planted areas compared with nonplanted sediments (P<0.01). Sampling time was not a significant variable for nitrification potential in the bulk sediment or the P. australis rhizosphere according to the results of a one-way anova test, but a more detailed analysis using Tukey's HSD test indicated a significant shift in the potential rate found in Typha sp. rhizosphere. Here, the rate was similar to the rates in the rhizosphere of P. australis during June, but comparable to that obtained for the bulk sediment during September (Fig. 1b). However, the interaction between plant species and time was not significant.
nosZ community structure
The DGGE patterns of nosZ genotypes from the rhizosphere samples were different from the sediment samples, although some bands were shared between most DGGE profiles (Fig. 2). Thus, vegetation was an important factor controlling the denitrifier community structure in the wetland. Besides the rhizosphere effect, a temporal effect was detected as the June and September samples separated from each other within the sediment and rhizosphere cluster, respectively. A plant species-specific separation was seen in the September samples, but this was not as obvious in the June samples of the two rhizospheres. In addition, DGGE fingerprints corresponding to rhizospheres obtained from Typha sp. showed higher small-scale variation between replicates whereas the P. australis rhizosphere fingerprints were more similar between replicates, indicating a less heterogeneous environment in the proximity of the roots of this plant species.
From the clone libraries of the rhizosphere samples, in total 37 RFLP types could be assigned and 31 of them were found in more than one clone. Based on the RFLP types, the coverage was estimated to be 93%, 93%, 85% and 97% in the TJ, TS, PJ and PS samples, respectively. A few types dominated and seven RFLP types comprised almost 70% of the clones. Whereas some types were detected in all libraries, the majority of RFLP types, including the most abundant, seemed to be site or time specific (Fig. 3). As an example, types 25 and 19 as well as the less abundant types 16 and 27, were only found in clones obtained from Typha sp. rhizosphere, while types 32, 28 and 24 appeared only in clone libraries from P. australis. In general, September libraries contained a higher number of different RFLP types.
A number of clones from all RFLP types represented by at least two clones were selected for sequencing. The sequences showed similarities with previously reported nosZ sequences from environmental clones retrieved from natural river sediments, agricultural soils and activated sludge. The phylogram of the deduced amino acid sequences separated the clones into two main groups (Fig. 4). Sequences present in cluster I corresponded to the RFLP types frequent in samples from June, whereas cluster II was more heterogeneous and dominated by clones retrieved from the September samples. Because the dominant RFLP types were represented by all four clone libraries, sequences obtained from either Typha sp. or P. australis libraries appeared randomly distributed over the phylogram.
AOB community structure
The AOB community pattern had a rather low complexity (Fig. 5). Sediment and rhizosphere AOB community fingerprints were similar in June, but the September samples showed higher variation between sample types. In addition, the DGGE patterns indicate a season-related change for all sample types. Sequencing confirmed that all bands were AOB, except bands 1, 2 and 18. These were related to Methylobacillus sp. and only detected in the September profiles. All AOB sequences were phylogenetically affiliated to Nitrosomonas species, and showed at least 98% homology with sequences from environmental clones retrieved from wastewater treatment systems. The majority of sequenced AOB bands showed high similarities to each other and the closest cultured match was Nitrosomonas marina, while the fuzzier bands (nos 7, 19 and 30) were related to Nitrosomonas ureae (Fig. 6).
Both potential nitrification and nitrate reduction rates in the sediment were in general higher in the rhizosphere compared with bulk samples, showing that vegetation was an important factor for the nitrogen removal capacity in the CW. Plant surfaces in wetlands have been pointed out as significant sites for nitrifying bacteria (Eriksson & Weisner, 1999; Körner, 1999; Kallner Bastviken et al., 2003) and this could be part of the explanation for the higher nitrification rates observed in the rhizosphere. Emergent plants also control dissolved oxygen concentrations in the rhizosphere, by root respiration and transport of oxygen from the air down through the aerenchyma to the water-saturated sediment. The plant effect on nitrification rates was probably attributed to the oxygen supplied by the plants (Jespersen et al., 1998; Armstrong & Armstrong, 2001). In contrast, effects on nitrate reduction can be a mix of various factors. It has been argued that the ability to respire anaerobically using nitrogenous compounds could be a selective advantage for denitrifiers in the rhizosphere. Mutants unable to synthesize the membrane-bound nitrate reductase, the cd1 nitrite reductase or the copper nitrite reductase, were outcompeted by the wild-type strains in maize rhizosphere, which demonstrates that denitrification itself could be an advantage for root colonization (Philippot et al., 1995; Ghiglione et al., 2000). In agreement, von Berg & Bothe (1992) found that the ratio of denitrifiers to other heterotrophic bacteria increased near the roots.
The results indicated that P. australis supported nitrification and nitrate reduction in the sediment better than T. latifolia did, which points toward a plant species dependence of the measured potential activities. The greater development of the P. australis root zone in deep sediment layers would increase the oxygen supply, which favors the activity of AOB. Ammonium removal in CW have been shown to be higher in Phragmites sp. stands than in those planted with Typha sp. (Gersberg et al., 1986), but it remains unclear whether this is mainly due to higher nitrification rates in Phragmites sp. rhizosphere, or due to a more efficient denitrification in sediments covered with this plant species. The finding that potential denitrification activities in intact cores with Phragmites sp. or Typha sp. shoots were not significantly different, as reported by Kallner Bastviken et al. (2003), supports the theory that Phragmites sp. mainly plays a role in nitrogen removal by enhancing nitrification activity. In our study, potential nitrification rates were low and accounted for <10% of the potential nitrate reduction rates. Because nitrogen removal in treatment wetlands predominantly loaded with ammonia depend on an efficient nitrification step, management practices to favor nitrification are important. Single-stage CWs seldom achieve high removal of total nitrogen due to their inability to provide both aerobic and anaerobic conditions at the same time (Vymazal, 2007). The results obtained in the present work indicate the potential use of Phragmites sp. as the best candidate plant species to support nitrogen removal along the water flow in CWs.
Because the Phragmites sp. effect on nitrification and nitrate reduction potential was only significant in the September samples, we suggest that the observed differences might depend on changes in environmental conditions over time in addition to changes in plant physiology. The total nitrogen load and the ammonium to nitrate ratio in the influent to the CWs changed over the studied period, mainly because of fluctuations in the mean water residence time. The wastewater loading to the CW during June was very low due to the bypass flow used when ammonium concentration in the effluent from the wastewater treatment plant is higher than 7 mg L−1 This situation caused a volume loss of c. 30% in the CW, which limited the nutrient load for a long period. The condition in September was the opposite and sampling coincided with high nutrient loads and low water retention time.
The number of AOB genotypes detected by DGGE showed only minor differences among samples. In June, both rhizosphere fingerprints were comparable to those from the bulk sediment, but, in September, the bulk sediment was more complex than the rhizosphere samples. However, no clear difference either between sample type or occasion for the AOB was observed when analyzing the sequences derived from the DGGE. All retrieved AOB-like sequences revealed homologies to yet uncultivated bacteria related to N. ureae and Nitrosomonas oligotropha (cluster 6a, three sequences) and to N. marina (cluster 6b, 14 sequences). The former group has been shown to dominate in some activated sludge plants treating wastewater (Dionisi et al., 2002; Hallin et al., 2005) and in soil and freshwater sediments contaminated with wastewater (Purkhold et al., 2000; Cebron et al., 2003). Cluster 6b-related sequences appear to be dominating the AOB community in the wetland and this cluster is also numerically important in activated sludge processes (Purkhold et al., 2000; Wagner et al., 2002). In our study, it may also be related to seawater infiltration to the wastewater pipes in the area. In fact, relatively high conductivity values are routinely measured in the water (1400–4 500 μS cm−1; L. Sala, Consorci de la Costa Brava, Girona, pers. commun.). A few sequences obtained from the bulk sediment in September clustered with Methylobacillus sp. and Methylophilus sp. It has previously been shown that the CTO primers can amplify non-AOB sequences (Purkhold et al., 2000; Bäckman et al., 2003), which implies that misleading conclusions can be drawn if only based on DGGE fingerprints.
In contrast to the AOB community, a clear plant effect on the structure of the denitrifier community was detected by the nosZ PCR-DGGE fingerprints. Similarly, Philippot et al. (2002), focusing on narG genes coding for nitrate reductase, found that the community structure of nitrate-reducing bacteria in unplanted and maize-planted soils was linked to plant distribution, supposedly due to selection for some strains, which might possess better competitive traits. In our study, the DGGE fingerprints of nosZ furthermore suggested plant species-specific effects on the composition of nosZ genotypes in the CW, especially in the September samples. A similar effect was observed in another wetland, where the denitrifying community structure, targeted by nirS genes coding for the heme cd1-nitrite reductase, differed in the sediment with an invasive cattail hybrid Typha×glauca compared with the sediment with native plant species, for example Scirpus sp. (Angeloni et al., 2006). Also in soil ecosystems, plant species have been shown to influence the composition of denitrifiers (Patra et al., 2006; Bremer et al., 2007), although when investigating the effect of Lolium perenne and Trifolium repens on the nitrate reducer community, plant species had no effect (Deiglmayr et al., 2004). In studies assessing the total bacterial community, specific community patterns were associated with different plants in agricultural soils (Smalla et al., 2001; Costa et al., 2006), but Ravit et al. (2006) suggested that individual plant species have a less pronounced effect in wetlands, especially if subject to disturbances.
In addition to the plant effects, we found clear seasonal variations in the nosZ genotype community structure in the DGGE patterns, both within bulk sediment and rhizosphere sites. The cloned nosZ fragments from rhizosphere samples revealed differences in the community structure mainly according to sampling time and only partly according to plant species. Seasonal variations in denitrifying communities are most likely explained by a combination of plant effects and wetland management-related factors. These include water residence time and nutrient load, which have been identified as key regulators of denitrifier community activity and composition in treatment wetlands (Kjellin et al., 2007). In agreement, ammonium and nitrate loadings have previously been shown to correlate to changes in the community structure of nirS-type denitrifiers in the bulk sediment of the Empuriabrava FWS-CW in areas devoid of vegetation (Ruiz-Rueda et al., 2007), but the effect on the rhizosphere community was not investigated. Sequences retrieved from June showed fewer polymorphisms and mainly related to nosZ in Betaproteobacteria, which contrasted with the greater heterogeneity encountered in sequences obtained from the September rhizosphere samples. Most of the nosZ sequences showed homologies to those from uncultivated bacteria obtained from environmental samples, such as estuarine sediments, agricultural soil and activated sludge.
In conclusion, vegetation influenced potential nitrification and nitrate reduction as well as the community structure of ammonia-oxidizing and denitrifying bacteria in the sediment of the CW. T. latifolia and P. australis rhizospheres exhibited significantly different nitrification and nitrate reduction rates, which may be of particular interest in the management of CWs at high nutrient loadings. A plant species effect on the microbial community was only seen for denitrifying bacteria and the differences between Typha sp. and Phragmites sp. associated denitrifiers were more evident in periods of high nutrient load, indicating that environmental conditions, plant development and plant species together changed the bacterial community in the rhizosphere of emergent plants in CWs.
O.R.-R. is the recipient of a PhD scholarship from the Generalitat de Catalunya. This work has been financially supported by the Spanish Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia (CGL2006-02382/HID) and the Formas financed Uppsala Microbiomics Center. Lluís Sala and Anna Huguet are gratefully acknowledged for providing environmental data and valuable comments on the functioning of CWs. Magali Martí helped in field sampling and activity measurements.
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Israel Could Learn a Thing or Two From British Jewry
Prejudice is tearing apart the fabric of Israeli society, but, as I learned at the induction of the U.K.'s new chief rabbi last week, it need not be this way.
You can't trust Palestinians, they're our enemies. The refugees from Eritrea and Sudan have no loyalty, they just come here come to make money. Settlers and ultra-Orthodox Jews prefer their rabbis over the democratically-elected government. The Russians aren't really Jewish, and secular Jews are more interested in having a good time than building the country.
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Getting in on the fun and creating my own mock draft. I feel that safety is our biggest need, so I found myself gravitating towards Kenny Vacarro. But to get Vacarro, I feel we have to jump up to get him. I also feel that on day one of the draft, the QB's will go higher than they should and that will leave a team wanting to get back into the bottom of the first round in order to secure their QB. Buffalo is the needy team in my scenario trying to jump ahead of the Jaguars.
I also predict the 49ers will sign Awesomewah, so no CB taken in this draft.
49ers trade #34 and #61 to Chicago for #20. (852 pts to 850)
#20: Kenny Vacarro, S
I do NOT want to have Dahl win a starting job as our FS! Vacarro is the best safety and will compete with a possible free agent (Woodson?)
49ers trade #31 to the Bills for #41, #143, and a 3rd round pick in 2014. (600 pts to 614.5, 3rd rounder valued at half for 90 pts)
#41: Zach Ertz, TE
Walker's replacement but a much better pass catcher. TE is a big need in this offense and Walker was a big part of it, we need someone to come fill that void immediately.
49ers trade #74, #93, and # 237 to Green Bay for pick #55 (349.7 pts to 350).
#55: Margus Hunt, DE
Hunt comes in and learns from the best and provides immediately to the rotation and keeps Smith fresh. I really like this guy and want him on the 49ers. I wasn't excited about taking him with a 1st or high 2nd pick, but at #55, this is great value for the risk/reward.
49ers trade #157 and # 180 to Green Bay for pick #122 (50 pts to 50).
#122: William Gholston, DE
49ers need rotation for MacDonald as well. Gholston can compete with Hunt and Dobbs for a spot on the line.
#128: Cornelius Washington, OLB/DE
Maddog's player, provides relief for Aldon and Brooks.
#131: Marcus Lattimore, RB
Gore part 2? I hope so!
#143: Bacarri Rambo, S
Too talented of a player to pass at this position. He will learn under Whitner and be his replacement in 2014.
#164: Ace Sanders, WR/PR/KR
Replaces Ted Ginn
#222: Braxton Cave, C
#246: Dustin Hopkins, K
#252: Jason Weaver, OT
There it is. I debated on going with Xavier Rhodes in the first and then getting a safety like Reid, Cyprien or Thomas later, but I just liked Vacarro more.
Let me know what you think. I know it's a lot of trades, but I did it for fun with the thought that we are not going to draft 14 players.


text:
Romero leaves game with sore left knee
TORONTO -- Blue Jays left-hander Ricky Romero was removed from Saturday's game against the Yankees after three innings because of soreness in his left knee.
Manager John Farrell and assistant trainer Hap Hudson came to the mound after Romero missed high on a 2-2 pitch to Andruw Jones in the third and hopped around in pain. After a few practice pitches, Romero stayed in the game to strike out Jones. He then got Eduardo Nunez on a sharp liner to second to leave the bases loaded.
Romero allowed two runs and three hits and left trailing 2-1.
A first time All-Star in 2011, Romero struggled mightily this year, losing 13 consecutive decisions between June 22 and Sept. 24. This was scheduled to be the final start of the year for the left-hander, who came in 9-14 with a 5.76 ERA, the highest among qualified AL starters.
Copyright 2012 by The Associated Press
This story is from ESPN.com's automated news wire. Wire index
- The Age Of Mike Trout
- The BBTN 100 counts down the top 25 players in baseball for 2015.
Rankings »
- MLB Confidential
- MLB players weigh in on baseball's best player, PEDs and what they really think about A-Rod's return.
MLB Confidential »
- Baseball's Top 50 Prospects
- Where does the recently-signed Yoan Moncada land on Keith Law's prospect rankings?
Top 50 update


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Cracker Barrel Old Country StoreJune 24, 2012American • Davenport, United States
Ask for Esther, she's an awesome server!
Ask for Esther, she's an awesome server!
Surprise, Surprise. They're out of extra crispy chicken! THEY'RE ALWAYS OUT OF EXTRA CRISPY CHICKEN, SO DON'T BOTHER ASKING!
Ask for Kelly! He's an awesome server!
Don't trust the wireless here. It's sketchy at best.
Make sure ya allocate the right films!


text:
Cheap stocks with upward potential
Women are better investors than men
Join the NASDAQ Community today and get free, instant access to portfolios, stock ratings, real-time alerts, and more!
Ben Bernanke's testimony before Congress finally seems to have
provided some much needed clarity to the market. The speculation
over the outcome of the Federal Reserve bond buying program
seemed to be the biggest worry for the markets.
And finally it seems that the possibility of a premature end
to the monetary stimulus, which was earlier hinted at, has been
scrapped by the outcome of this testimony. Therefore the Federal
Reserve seems likely to continue with the purchase of mortgage
backed securities and treasury bonds worth $85 billion until the
unemployment and inflation thresholds are met (read
Have We Seen the Bottom in Gold ETFs?
Nevertheless, the loose monetary policy being implemented by
the Fed since 2008 has resulted in very low, or even negative,
real interest rates in the economy.
Thus, yield hungry investors have had to look into a variety
of sources in search of current income. Some conservative
investors have even had to wander beyond their comfort zone to
riskier avenues such as junk bonds and dividend paying equities
in search of yields.
Yet with Bernanke providing clarity on the bond buying
program, rates are expected to remain lower for some more time.
This is especially true taking into account the fact that the
Federal Reserve is the single largest purchaser of Treasury
Of course, this has had a tremendous impact on the Federal
Reserve's balance sheet which has expanded to gigantic
proportions (read
Can the Dollar ETF (UUP) Finally Break Out?
Treasury Bond
, especially the longer dated ones, had a terrific run in the
recent past following a series of global economic crises since
2009. This was followed by
'a few'
quantitative easing programs by the Federal Reserve, as well as
'Operation Twist' which was aimed at keeping long term interest
rates low.
All these factors surely did push treasury yields lower and
bond prices higher. However, things are not quite the same at
this moment. The 10 year treasury rates back then in the latter
part of 2009, were well above 3.5%. Therefore one could argue
there was substantial room for depressing interest rates at the
However, with the benchmark 10 year rates nearing 1.88% at
present, the biggest question still remains-How low can yields go
from current levels despite continuation of the monetary easing
measures? Probably not too much further, thus one could make a
case for limited profit potential of the Treasury Bond ETFs in
the future.
Despite all these arguments, the inevitable cannot be
changed-The Fed has to suck back liquidity from the economy and
interest rates will rise causing bond prices to fall sometime in
future. But that 'sometime' seems to be quite far off from
Nevertheless, let us have a look at some of the choices from
the Treasury Bond ETF space. These could be good avenues to park
money, given the possibility of the sequester which may cause
risk aversion once again and a switch from equities into bonds
With Sequester Ahead, Are Defense ETFs in
iShares Barclays 20+ Year Treasury Bond ETF (
The ETF tracks the longer end of the yield curve with a
weighted average maturity of 27.51 years. Being a long term
treasury bond ETF it carries a high interest rate risk as
measured by the effective duration of 16.87 years.
TLT was launched in July of 2002 and since then has managed to
amass an asset base of $3.11 billion. It charges investors 15
basis points in fees and expenses. It has a concentrated
portfolio of just 20 securities in its portfolio with around 74%
of its total assets invested in the top 10 holdings.
TLT has a distribution yield of 2.64% and has returned 3.25%
in the fiscal year 2012. It has a Zacks ETF Rank of 3 or
Vanguard Long Term Government Bond ETF (
The ETF follows the Barclays Capital U.S. Long Government
Float Adjusted Bond Index. The index measures the performance of
U.S Treasury securities having a residual maturity of more than
10 years.
VGLT has a portfolio of 63 securities in all with a yield to
maturity of 2.90%. The ETF has a weighted average maturity of
23.8 years and an average duration of 16.1 years. The ETF has an
asset base of $236.77 million and charges investors 12 basis
points in expenses (see
Time to bank on Regional Bank ETFs?
VGLT has returned 3.25% in the last one year period as of 31
December 2012. It also has a Zacks ETF Rank of 3 or 'Hold.'
iShares Barclays 10-20 Year Treasury Bond ETF (
The ETF tracks the performance of Treasury Bonds having a
residual maturity between 10 to 20 years. It tracks the Barclays
Capital U.S. 10-20 Year Treasury Bond Index. The ETF was launched
in January of 2007 and since then has been able to amass an asset
base of $454.69 million.
Like its iShares counterpart TLT, the ETF also has a fairly
concentrated portfolio of 20 securities in all with 71% of its
total assets invested in the top 10 holdings. The ETF has a
weighted average maturity of 13.97 years and an effective
duration of 9.96 years.
The product has returned 4.09% for the fiscal year 2012 and
has a distribution yield of 2.02%. TLH has an expense ratio of
0.15%. The ETF has a Zacks ETF Rank of 3 or 'Hold'.
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Grande Albergo Quattro Stagioni
No prices found through our partners. Please contact the business directly or check some of our recommended alternatives.
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TripAdvisor Reviews Grande Albergo Quattro Stagioni Rieti
Travel Blogs from Rieti
Florence and Cinque Terre
... the way back I finagled my way into being let off at Pisa and buying a ticket for another train back to Florence from there which was much cheaper. I made some good progress on Werle's book while in the train station. The actual towns of Cinque Terre were beautiful. We only visited two of them, Riomagiori (pretty close to how it's actually spelled I think) and Monteresso. These beautifully colored, tiny, sea towns have a captivating landscape, ...
Cooking Lesson in the Roman Countryside
... Ravioli was second course, topped with some zucchini paste and of course lots of Parmesan cheese........
Then the fettuccine with zucchini paste, truss tomatoes and herbs and lasagna was third course,
Marinated chicken and mushrooms was 4 th course, and then we finished up with fresh diced peaches marinated in white wine as dessert.
Boy were we full by the end of that!!! I ...
Florence and Rome walking tours
... 150 flavours place at the Pantheon Got metro (before it closed at 930) and then bus picked us up back to Camping Roma. Black out in cabin, sharing with Lucy. How annoying. Half the campsite. No wifi. Poor Americans trying to pack for leaving in the morning. So we all went to the bar. Hanging out with a few drinks with the others. Enjoyed it! Tight and bright night at the. At. It lots of boys cross dressing which was tomorrow's theme. Lol. Slept ...
Rieti, a great midway point
... Also, sure enough, there is a Jewish connection here. Apparently Berenice, mistress of Emporor Vespasian lived here because Romans didn't want her around. Consequently there was a large Jewish population here for many years until they were expelled of course. Today we leave for Rome for our last few days. It's going to be hot there - 34 and sunny. Prosecco ...
When in Rome
... ride to a town that was bigger and more modern than expected, but also more beautiful. The first place we went was the Villa Gregoriana, which I knew to be the site of some 2nd-1st century BC temples and a contemporary estate, but didn't know to be one of the pivotal locations in the Romantic movement. Tivoli sits right on the edge of two geographical regions: the Apennine range and the coastal plains, and has been, ...


text:
Podiatry Practice Gainsborough
(4) for Podiatry Practice in Gainsborough
Advance Podiatry17 Morley StreetDN21 2NF Gainsborough01427 679167Closed
Podiatry is situated in the heart of Gainsborough, next to the Old Hall, with ample, off road parking and easy, disabled access. The premixes are purpose designed and equipped with all the latest...
Olivia Killelay - Alternative Therapist11 Pendeen CloseDN21 1YE Gainsborough01427 616 887
... Chiropodist
Request for Quotation
Are you looking for Chiropodists & Podiatrists ?Use our "Request for Quotation" service to get customized offers from companies in Gainsborough, tailored for your exact needs!
L Bland3 Spital TerDN21 2HD Gainsborough01427 614420
... ankle problems, foot problems, podiatrists, foot pain, leg pain, chiropodists
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Accolade ClinicKeepers Cottage, Leverton RoadDN22 9HG Sturton-Le-Steeple01427 881812Open
Podiatry treatment at an affordable price. We offer treatments which include nailcare, corns & callus treatment, ingrowing toenails, nail surgery, verrucae treatment, sports injuries, gait assessment...
Jan Whittle M.s.s.ch,m.b.ch.a1, Sands LaneDN21 3TX Scotter+44 (0) 1724 764438
... ankle problems, leg pain, podiatric medicine, Chiropodists, foot pain, foot problems, foot doctor,...
A.p Meira Mchs,srchThe Chiropody Clinic, 14, Welham RoadDN22 6TN Retford Welham01777 860599
... PODIATRISTS, Orthotics, Year Experience, CHIROPODISTS
Status Healthcare LtdOld Farm House, HeadonDN22 0RD Headon01777 249394
... podiatry, foot pain, foot doctor, foot treatment, leg pain, podiatric medicine, ankle problems,...
The Messingham Chiropodist SurgeryWendover RoadDN17 3SN Messingham
... foot doctor, chiropodists, leg pain, ankle problems, podiatrists
Mr P MarsdenSanta Maria, Doncaster RdDN9 3BN Finningley01302 771295
... foot pain, podiatric medicine, Chiropodists, foot doctor, leg pain, foot problems, PODIATRISTS,...
Lloyd DunnRanbyDN22 8JQ Ranby01777 719887
... foot pain, foot problems, Hospitals and Medical Establishments, PODIATRISTS, leg pain, foot doctor,...
Mary Sutherland1 Ellison AvenueDN16 3TD Scunthorpe01724 639522
... Nail care, corns, callus, verruca, thickened nails, biomechanics, diabetic foot care
Foot Health Practitioner27 Elm RoadDN9 3NJ Auckley07895 164420
... Chiropodist, Chiropodists, Health
In Touch Therapies2-50 Evens . Middleton RoadDN16 3NN Scunthorpe01724 845452
... occupational therapist services, Health Practitioners
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An airport is a fascinating place. People coming and going. Airplanes taking off and landing, being loaded and unloaded. It's a place where people from around the world converge.
There are bigger art museums for sure, and there are perhaps better ones. The Städel in Frankfurt, Germany, however offers a wonderful slice of 700 years of art history — from 1300 to the present — in one visit.
Part peppy corporate brainwashing, part peek inside the uber-cool work lives of hipster techies, the Zappos tour will leave you a little creeped out by the aggressively jolly corporate culture.
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"BRIDGEi2i has been seeing an increasing traction for analytics applications in the Supply Chain Management & Procurement domain. In 2013, BRIDGEi2i's Procurement Analytics capabilities were featured in Nasscom & Crisil's 2013 Big Data report (http://www.crisil.com/
Rick joined Hewlett Packard as an intern and, after a 34 year career, recently retired as the Vice President of Worldwide Sourcing for the $25B Imaging and Printing Group. As a senior leader at HP, Rick has effectively used strategic analytics to improve decision making in the areas of forecasting, inventory planning, risk management and cost predictability.
He has broad experience leading global organizations in Strategic Sourcing, Sourcing Engineering, Manufacturing Partner Management and Product Development. Rick has been a long time advocate of Procurement driven innovation and Procurement'
About BRIDGEi2i
BRIDGEi2i provides Business Analytics Solutions to enterprises globally, enabling them to achieve accelerated business impact harnessing the power of data. These analytics services and technology solutions enable business managers to consume more meaningful information from big data, generate actionable insights from complex business problems and make data driven decisions across pan-enterprise processes to create sustainable business impact.
For more information, contact:
Debleena Roy at debleena.roy@
Venkat Subramanian
Venkat Subramanian


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Rudolph Cruzette Redmond
Position: DB
Height: 6-1 Weight: 196 lbs.
Born: August 25, 1947 in Spokane, WA
High School: Victor Valley
College: Pacific (school history)
Drafted by the Chicago Bears in the 4th round (91st overall) of the 1969 NFL Draft.
Weighted Career AV (100-95-...): 19 (4923rd overall since 1950)
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Output includes all games from 1920 to 2015.


text:
Winslow Farm Animal Sanctuary
37 Eddy St, Norton, MA 02766
5 people saved this
Stay for Life Animal Reserve. Over 200 animals. Visitors Welcome
Of Note:
- Amenities: Accessible Facilities
5 Fall Foliage Hikes in the Berkshires
Crisp air, cool mornings, the earthy scent of the forest floor, and exploding colors as...
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not terribly helpful for review... Dec 17, 2009
by AndreaWarren
I have been a registered nurse for over twenty years and have worked in a variety of health care settings. I bought this book to help me prepare for a return to the work force after a six-year hiatus to be with my children. I did not find it helpful or insightful in any way--just alot of gibberish that I would never use in my practice anyway. The "post-tests" are ridiculous--and I couldn't even make myself finish the book--I suppose I will have to shell out the $400 for a true RN refresher...oh well, live and learn!


text:
Holiday Inn Express Wilkes-Barre/Scranton Airport
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- Continental Breakfast
- Shuttle bus service
- Swimming pool
- Free High-Speed Internet
- Fitness/Health center
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- More recommendations
TripAdvisor Reviews Holiday Inn Express Wilkes-Barre/Scranton Airport Pittston
Travel Blogs from Pittston
So I have finally arrived at Perlman Camp in Pennsylvania after a long journey and suffering from a bit of jet lag! Journey out felt long but was grand - who knew you could have as many complimentary drinks as you want! I watched The Hunger Games Mockingjay Part 1, American Sniper and tried to get some sleep ...
Things get steamy!
... my new sunglasses (in Kentucky), we didn't need to visit the mall. Or pay for parking.
Darcy checked on her phone while I made a u-turn. Turns out the mailing address and headquarters are NOT at the same address as Steamtown. (If this blog entry is so exciting that you decide to go there yourself; make sure you go to Cliff Street).
We visited the historic site and watched the (rather slow and ...
Fun In The Sun....and On The Water
... guides were in kayaks leading, following and mixing with the rafts to help as needed.
It was a great trip - a three hour drive from home to the Whitewater Adventure Center, 13 miles on the river, and 3 more hours on the road home. .....I was dead! ......but thanks to sunscreen, not too burnt :)
... of a road dash on that bridge. On the way back to NEPA, we stopped and checked out the Delaware Water Gap, which FYI, is not in Delaware ;) Next stop, an invite from our new Boathouse friend, Garrett, to a NASCAR race at Pocono Raceway, at the end of turn one on the fence of the infield - that's a mouthful! GO Danica and Jr.! The race was exciting and the people watching more exciting. There were million dollar rigs, repurposed school buses and everything ...
Postcard Perfect
... row towards the young eagle and got pretty close until it clumsily flew away. To see them so close and flying away was nothing short of majestic! I can't forget about the deer - if there were lions and tigers and bears, this is the point I would say "oh my!" The things we like about Tunkhannock (besides its funny name): no cookie cutter homes, no streets are bigger than two lane, intersections are called junctions, total mom and pop stuff with a Walmart a respectable distance ...


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Atomic Ranch in Mt Tabor: Kng Beds!United StatesOregonPortland
About this listing
This is a spacious, comfortable flat on the base of a volcano, within walking distance to a number of bars, eateries, theaters and coffee shops, which also boasts the most comfortable king-sized beds money can buy - sleep like you never have before!
Space where guests can cook their own meals
Towels, bed sheets, soap, and toilet paper
The Space
Alright, future guests, look no further for your Portland housing, as your new atomic Mount Tabor home has it all!:
★ Two Spa-like Pillowtop King Beds!
★ Private, two-bedroom, one bath home!
★ On the base of Mount Tabor!
★ A five minute walk to Montavilla restaurants, coffee shops and bars!
★ All the coffee your little heart can drink
★ Four blocks from the Montavilla Farmer's market!
★ Recently remodeled, private two bedroom with all of the amenities of a hotel, plus much, much more!
★ One block from the downtown bus - be at Voodoo doughnut in fifteen minutes
★ Gourmet Kitchen!
★ Local Art throughout!
★ Brand new heat and air conditioning - contrary to folklore, Portland gets HOT!!
★ Brand new washer and dryer - clean your clothes for the next leg of your journey.
★ Experienced hosts with over 220 positive reviews! Our other property is in San Francisco's Mission District! In fact, our home has been featured on the front page of Airbnb's Mission Guide, as were Ryan and I. We're freaking famous, y'all! (see pics).
For starters, your new house is a gorgeous daylight ranch, located directly at the base of beautiful Mount Tabor, which is like being located on your own personal mountaintop! Seriously, you can walk out the door, across the street and begin your hike into one of Portland's most amazing attractions! Fancy some tennis? NO PROBLEM! Want to go for a run? MILES OF TRAILS AWAIT YOU! Feel like taking a jaunt through a community garden? MOUNT TABOR HAS ONE OF THE BEST! Hike, bike, run, walk or skateboard through Mount Tabor, and revel in our dormant volcano in the middle of a city. Did I mention there's a community pizza oven?
Next, your new house has two brand new, 4" pillow-top, spa-like king beds in it. That means you can roll around and KARATE KICK without ever disturbing your partner! I'm serious! These beds will HELP YOUR RELATIONSHIP! In fact, if you check out our San Francisco listing, you will notice how often the king beds are mentioned, and we outfitted this house with the exact same beds! You're going to sleep better here than you will at your OWN HOME!
And have we discussed how we just replaced the plumbing and electrical in the entire home, too! Your new house has the best water in the city!
Oh, and you have your own yard with a small, almost dead garden (I'm a terrible gardener). Invite your friends over to mock my gardening skills and throw an impromptu patio party!
But what really sets your new house apart? Just look at the pictures. We have seriously worked our booties off to give you a one-of-a-kind experience while in Portland, and the house shows that. From the original art to the hand painted faux taxidermy to the stocked Kuerig to the hand towels, we have thought of everything. Since we've been hosts in SF for so long, we know with trial and error what guests are looking for, and we've made sure to incorporate all of that in this house, too.
You're going to love your stay, Future Rock Star Guests!
Our amazing guests have access to a full, 1400sf house, as well as the private patio, garden and yard.
We live in the top house, but have a completely private entrance and, unless our guests want to meet us, we stay completely out of our guest's hair. You will never see us unless you want to! Recently we went out to brunch with one of our guests, and are always happy to show you around, so if you want to hang out, let's do it!
Your new house is located just five blocks from the Montavilla corridor, which is home to some of the best food, coffee and drinks in the city! Oh, and they just added a community yoga studio, with drop-in prices of just $10. And did I mention there's an award-winning, recently-renovated, art deco theater that SERVES SUSHI AND ALCOHOL? Oh, and it has DAYCARE! Yeah, you can drop off the little ones and have some much-needed adult time, complete with adult beverage. LIFE IS GOOD!!
Not feeling like a movie? We get that! Then head over to the Country Cat for the best chicken fried steak in the world, or to The Observatory for their famous cheese plate and kale salad! Oh, and while at the Observatory, make sure to check out their SECRET BAR and order their THAI TOM KAH drink! If you're brave enough, that is. That sh*t is SPICY!
Afterward, take a stroll down Stark street and check out all the vintage clothing/furniture stores, or grab a dessert at Pastry Girl. Don't worry, VACATION CALORIES DON'T COUNT!
What's that you say? You want to see Voodoo Doughnut and Powell Books? NO PROBLEM! Your new house is located one block from the bus that'll have you exploring downtown in less than fifteen minutes! Plus, the bus goes straight down Burnside, which is perfect for shopping, eating and exploring, too! Oh, and if you want to see a show at the Doug Fir, just let me know - I have AWESOME CONNECTIONS WHO ARE HELPFUL AND STUFF!
The main bus line is a block away and runs constantly through the day and night. Also, there's an app with which to buy your bus pass - no need to have exact change!
We have two dogs who aren't allowed in the guest area, but if you're HIGHLY allergic, this might not be the space for you.
Guest Access
Everything, from the coffee to the parking to the laundry unit, we want you to feel that this is your home away from home.
Interaction with Guests
That's up to you! We love having brunch with our guests or to share a cup of java. But if you'd rather not see us, no problem. We can stay completely out of your hair or be your next best friends - you hold all the cards.
The Neighborhood
Montavilla is one of Portland's trendy new neighborhoods, with eateries, bars, vintage stores, theaters and old-school hipster barbershops! Just a five minute walk from the house, you can dine, drink and shop it out.
Plus, since we are right no Burnside, and not far from the freeways, we are centrally located and super close to local destinations:
* Hawthorne: 5 minutes
* Division: 7 minutes
* Downtown: 10 minutes
* 23rd street: 15 minutes
* Portland Airport: 15 minutes
* Sauvie Island: 20 minutes
* Multnomah Falls: 25 minutes
* Bridge of the Gods: 35 minutes
* Wine Country: 45 minutes
* Mount Hood: 60 minutes
* Oregon Coast: 90 minutes
Getting Around
There's a few options:
♥ Ample parking at the house.
♥ The bus line to downtown is 1 block away. It's a 15-minute bus ride or a 10-minute drive to downtown.
♥ The Max is on 60th and Glisan.
♥ Uber or Curb. They're phone taxi apps.
♥ Multiple car-shares readily available. Our favorite is Car2go. Download the app and find your ride!
Other Things to Note
We will send check-in instructions to your email with the address and PIN code for the door - please keep an eye out for an email titled Check-In Instructions. These are sent at the beginning of your vacation month - please let us know if you haven't seen them!
Please keep in mind this is a mid-century, multi-level home, and as such there will be creaks and older house-noise. We put an extensive amount of insulation between the two floors, but if you're sensitive to such things, this might not be the ultimate listing for you! If that's the case, we have many others for you to choose from!
* Due to back-to-back guests, I'm sorry, but we can not accommodate early check-ins.
* Please consume or take all leftover food. The city of Portland only picks up trash every other week, and food beckons little critters and bugs!
* PLEASE turn off all temperature controls and lights as you leave.
* Please be kind. We've had guests who weren't.
* Out of respect for our lovely neighbors, please quiet down on the patio by 9:00pm!
* The recycling is located under the sink. If you begin to develop too much trash, there are master cans in the carport at the front of the house - please feel free to use these! Black is garbage. Blue is recycling. Green is compost. Yellow is glass.
* Most of all, have fun and enjoy beautiful Portland, Oregon!
69 Reviews
About the Host, Mel And Ry
Ryan and I are awesome. Can I say that? No, we truly are. Most people like him a bit more than me, but only because he can drink more than I can and says things like "Let's get AWESOME!" and "Who's having SHOTS WITH ME!?".
While we used to host in rooms in our houses, we now are able to offer three full houses - one in San Francisco, and two in Portland - for your traveling pleasure. We take great liberties to make sure our homes are more comfortable than any hotel will ever be, focusing on Temperpedic beds, fully-stocked kitchens, local artwork, outdoor areas and fluffy bath linens. We have been doing this for a while now, and have a grip on what our guests are looking for: luxury while still being local. Our reviews speak for themselves - read them and feel confident in your decision to stay with us!
Mel and Ryan
Hip Mission Flat in San Francisco:
Atomic Ranch in Portland:
Pop Art PDX in Portland:


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My baby boy's birthday party's invitation.
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