text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|PCT number
|Publication date
|Jan 30, 2001
|Filing date
|Jun 14, 1995
|Priority date
|Jun 14, 1995
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Pierre R. Chevillat, Roy D. Cideciyan, Marcel Rupf, Wolfgang H. Schott
|Original Assignee
|International Business Machines Corp.
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (6), Referenced by (81), Classifications (24), Legal Events (6)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
The present invention concerns communication systems employing Code-Division Multiple Access (CDMA).
Current digital cellular systems such as the Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) or the Digital Cellular System 1800 (DCS-1800) in Europe, and the Personal Communication Networks (PCN) planned in the U.S. support mainly voice, message, and low-rate connection-oriented data services which are not well suited to support packet-based data communication.
Many mobile computer applications, however, require infrequent transfers of single or multiple data packets over the radio link of the mobile communication system. Some of them, e.g., e-mail, tele-shopping and tele-banking, and vehicle-dispatch or fleet management applications may be well served with a store-and-forward short message service. Others, among them terminal emulation, remote access to local area network (LAN) based servers, or credit-card verification require interactive usage, tolerate little delay, and are characterized by a wide distribution of packet length. There is little doubt that future mobile telecommunication systems such as the Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS) will have to support such data applications with an efficient packet-data service. In fact, the European Telecommunication Systems Institute (ETSI) is already in the process of defining such a service, called General Packet Radio Service (GPRS), as an extension to the current GSM system.
In the sequel, we will consider connection-less packet-data services for UMTS and PCN systems. In particular, we focus on the UMTS system which was developed in a code division testbed (CODIT) project under the umbrella of the Research in Advanced Communications in Europe (RACE) program. The CODIT system employs spread-spectrum transmission and code division multiple access (CDMA) and supports voice, message, and connection-oriented data services. For more details on the CODIT system please refer to "Design Study for a CDMA Based Third-Generation Mobile Radio System", A. Baier et al., IEEE J. Selected Areas Commun., Vol. 12, 1994, pp. 733-743. CDMA systems are of particular interest because they promise higher capacity and more ease of deployment than competing time-division multiple access (TDMA) systems.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a method and apparatus which enables CDMA-based UMTS and PCN systems to support a connectionless packet-radio service.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide a communication system with added functionalities.
This has been achieved by the transmission of data packets over a code division multiple access wireless channel (PRCH), reserved for data packet services, from a transmitting station (MSy) to a receiving station (BS) of a code division multiple access communication system, comprising the following steps:
sending a request from said transmitting station (MSy) to the corresponding base station (BS) of said communication system indicating the destination address to which said data packet(s) are to be routed,
registering said transmitting station (MSy) and assigning a unique virtual connection identifier (VCIy) to it,
switching said transmitting station (MSy) to said channel (PRCH),
listening to the downlink of said channel (PRCH) until said base station (BS) broadcasts that it will be "idle", i.e. that a random access to said channel (PRCH) is allowed in the next frame,
ramping up the transmission power of said transmitting station (MSy) during said next frame until a certain power level is reached,
transmitting said data packet(s) and said virtual connection identifier (VCIy) over the uplink of said channel (PRCH) to said base station (BS), and
rerouting said data packet(s) to said destination address, the access to said channel (PRCH) being controlled by a multiple access protocol based on carrier sensing and collision detection (CSMA/CD).
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the following schematic drawings.
FIG. 1 shows a typical network as defined by CODIT.
FIG. 2A shows the mobile side of the CODIT protocol architecture, modified in accordance with the present invention.
FIG. 2B shows the network side of the CODIT protocol architecture, modified in accordance with the present invention.
FIG. 3A shows a flow diagram for the medium access control (MAC) protocol in a base station, according to the present invention.
FIG. 3B shows a flow diagram for the MAC protocol in a MS, according to the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a timing diagram for the slotted carrier sense multiple access collision detection (CSMA/CD) protocol, according to the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a block diagram used to illustrate the transmission scheme of the present invention.
Details of the present invention will now be described by means of reference to the enclosed Figures. An implementation of the invention is then given as an example.
The present invention concerns a method and means for its implementation for introducing a connection-less packet radio service into code-division multiple access communication (CDMA) systems.
A typical CDMA network system is illustrated in FIG. 1. It comprises four different functional entities; the mobile stations (MS1-MS4) 10.1-10.4, the base stations (BS1, BS2) 11.1 and 11.2, the radio network controller (RNC) 12, and the mobile control node (MCN) 13. The RNC 12 is connected via the MCN 13 to a fixed network 14 such as the Internet. This is the architecture we will adhere to when describing the present invention. As outlined in FIG. 1, several base stations communicate with one RNC through one interface. Similarly, a number of RNCs might be connected to one MCN, which in turn connects to the fixed network 14. A MS can be connected to several base stations, i.e. when it is in macro-diversity mode or performs a handover.
If a MS wants to communicate via a wireless network only infrequently, it makes little sense to occupy a connection to a BS, because the user would not be willing to pay for such a connection. Furthermore, it is important to note that there is just a limited amount of channels available within a cell. If all mobile stations within reach of the BS in this cell try to establish a permanent connection, the whole system would be blocked soon. The few permanent channels in such a cell should be reserved for users transmitting and receiving voice and long data frames.
According to the present invention, at least one of the CDMA channels provided by a BS in a cell is now time-shared between several infrequent users, whereas all other channels remain reserved for other users.
In order to support a potentially sizable number of mobile stations, each exchanging packets with the fixed side of the network only infrequently, and to make efficient use of already existing system resources, a new logical channel, to be added to a CDMA-based UMTS or PCN system, such as the CODIT system described in "Design Study for a CDMA Based Third-Generation Mobile Radio System", A. Baier et al., IEEE J. Selected Areas Commun., Vol. 12, 1994, pp. 733-743, is herein disclosed and claimed. This new logical channel is a packet radio channel (PRCH) which is used by a single user or time-shared by several users.
According to the first embodiment of the present invention, access to this PRCH is controlled by the basestation(s) and the radio network controller (RNC). It is also conceivable to employ a separate PRCH controller, which interacts with the BSs and/or RNC.
In order to add as little complexity to the underlying UMTS or PCN system as possible, the physical layer supporting the PRCH is kept largely unchanged. Preferably, a long spreading code is used for the physical data channel (PDCH) and the physical control channel (PCCH), and coherent demodulation is employed for the uplink (UL), i.e. the link between MS and BS, and downlink (DL) PDCH, i.e. the link between BS and MS. The PCCH might be coherently demodulated on the DL and differentially coherently demodulated on the UL. The interference due to packet transmission is similar to that from conventional speech and data channels.
Because a connection built-up takes between 1 and 2 seconds in a conventional CDMA system, which is not acceptable in case of packet data transmission, a different approach had to be sought.
According to the present invention, accelerated power control and channel estimation are helpful to obtain acceptable throughput performance in particular for short packets. In addition, the PRCH coding and interleaving scheme should be carefully optimized to achieve low overhead and delay for short packets while guaranteeing acceptable error protection for long packets.
An implementation of the present PRCH and its integration into the overall system concept are now discussed.
The PRCH channel:
The inventive packet radio service is provided to all MSs within a cell of a network system via the PRCH, as shown in FIG. 1. Each BS 11.1, 11.2 establishes and terminates one or multiple PRCHs on request of the RNC/MCN 12, 13. According to the first implementation, the PRCH is a full-duplex, asymmetrical channel that can be operated independently in both directions at variable user data rates, e.g. for the present CODIT system up to 9.6 kbps (narrowband channel) or up to 128 kbps (mediumband channel). The MCN 13 can attach multiple mobile users to a PRCH. Consequentially, mobile users have to register for this service at the MCN before they can get access to the channel. In order to distinguish between different users on the PRCH, the MCN assigns to each MS a virtual connection identifier (VCI) when it grants access. The VCI is represented with q bits and serves as a unique address within the location area, e.g. a micro cell, governed by the MCN. The number q has to be chosen so that all MSs attached to the PRCHs can be addressed individually. The PRCH is preferably structured in 10 ms time slots (frames) to convey fragmented packets between the MS and the network.
The MCN can send user data packets to one or several users on the DL and information for controlling the access and data transfer on the UL. On the UL, the MSs contend for access in short time periods when the channel (PRCH) is indicated "idle". After having gained access, the respective MS transfers the packets to the network. The logical channel PRCH is mapped onto a single physical channel comprising the physical data channel (PDCH) and the physical control channel (PCCH); therefore, only a single basestation transceiver is required for supporting one PRCH. This means that a base station supporting 10 CDMA channels having 10 transceivers now provides 9 CDMA channels and 1 PRCH, according to the present invention. I.e., one of the transceivers is employed to support the packet data service.
FIGS. 2A and 2B illustrate how the PRCH is incorporated into the C-plane of the CODIT protocol architecture. The structure depicted in FIGS. 2A and 2B is layered in accordance with the open systems interconnection (OSI) reference model as described in the article "Radio Protocol Architecture of the CODIT UMTS System: E. Berruto et al., Proceedings of 1994 International Zurich Seminar on Digital Communications, March 1994, Springer, Lecture Notes in Computer Science. The architecture is split into a physical layer (layer 1) 20, a data link layer (layer 2), and a network layer (layer 3) 24. The data link layer is further split into three parts, namely, data link control (DLC) 23, and two medium access control (MAC) parts 21 and 22. The DLC layer 23 is concerned with link establishment, release and maintenance. The lower MAC part 21, depicted as MAC*, may exist in multiple instances, whereas the upper MAC part 22 (MAC**) is unique. Physically, the two MAC parts 21 and 22 are separated on the network side because the MAC** part resides in a RNC while the lower part MAC* exists in each base station, as indicated in the annotations on the right hand side of FIG. 2B.
The connectionless packet service (CLPS) entity 25.1 of layer 3, i.e. the network layer 24, provides the packet radio service to the mobile user, see FIG. 2A, and the CLPS entity 25.2 on the network side provides all facilities required for registration and authentication of mobile users, see FIG. 2B, assigning and administrating their VCIs, and interfacing to a packet data network. The CLPS entities 25.1 and 25.2 use the logical link administrators (LLA) 26.x to initially route messages via a regular dedicated control channel (DCCH) 27.x to their peer entities. After the MS is attached to the PRCH, all messages exchanged between the CLPS entities 25.� as well as user data packets are always directed via the respective PRCH 28.x. In this case, the control packets and user data packets are passed through the DLC 29.x to the packet radio (PR) control entity 30.x The packets are fragmented and protected with an error control code, e.g. a block code (BC), by a respective unit 31.x for detecting transmission errors on the receiving side. Then they are convolutionally encoded, interleaved (IL) by the entity 32.x, and then transmitted over the PDCH 33. Some control information, e.g. for power control, may also be transferred via the PCCH 34. On the receiving side, see FIG. 2B, the fragments are then reconstructed from the received samples, reassembled to packets, and forwarded to the target CLPS entity 25.2. When the decoder, e.g. a block decoder 31.2 in case of block coded packet transmission, detects the receipt of an erroneous packet fragment, an automatic request for repetition (ARQ) scheme provided in the PR control requests its retransmission.
In the next section it is described how a mobile user can initially be attached to the packet data channel or detached from it.
PRCH attach/detach procedure:
It is assumed that the MS is in the state "broadcast active", that is, the MS receiver has already acquired chip and frame synchronization and listens to the broadcast channel (BCH). Now the following actions are performed in accordance with the present invention:
1. When a mobile user requests the MS to attach its transceiver to the PRCH it performs a regular random access to establish a DCCH 27.1 for exchanging signaling messages only. During this procedure, the MS operates in the state called "random access". This random access is described in the above mentioned article of A. Baler et al.
2. After the DCCH 27.1 is established, the MS is in the state "connection established". The MS can now send the message PRCH_ATTACH_REQ to the MCN indicating the destination address for all packets to be sent.
3. On receipt of the PRCH_ATTACH_REQ, the MCN checks the traffic load on the PRCHs and performs authentication in the location area, registers the MS together with the corresponding destination address, and assigns a VCI to the MS. The MCN allows the MS to access the PRCH 28.1 by sending the message PRCH_ACCESS_GRANT with the parameters VCI and the phase and frame offset between the DCCH 27.1 and assigned PRCH 28.1.
4. When the MS receives PRCH_ACCESS_GRANT, the MS switches its transceiver to the PRCH 28.1 and starts operating in the state "attached to PRCH". In this state, the MS receiver listens to the downlink in order to receive data packets carrying its VCI and control information for the uplink PRCH. If the BS indicates that the uplink PRCH is idle, the MS transmitter may initialize a data packet transfer to the network side as will be described later.
5. When the MS or the RNC intends to detach the MS from the PRCH, a message PRCH_DETACH_REQ is exchanged via the PRCH which switches the MS back to the state "broadcast active".
The following section deals with the data packet transfer via the PRCH.
Data transfer over the PRCH channel:
As other channels in the present CDMA system, the PRCH is mapped onto a PDCH 33 and a PCCH 34 both preferably having a 10 ms frame structure according to the present embodiment. On the PCCH 34, however, a 5 ms subframe structure is superimposed to allow the exchange of access control information in 5 ms time intervals between the MSs and the BS. In order to achieve short delays for the transmission of short packets, a coding scheme is proposed for the PRCH which consists of an inner convolutional code in conjunction with an outer cyclic redundancy check (CRC) code. Whenever decoding of the outer code on the receiver side indicates an error for a fragmented packet, a retransmission is requested. Access to the PRCH is controlled by a multiple access protocol based on carrier sensing and collision detection (CSMA/CD), possibly coupled with a reservation method and provisions for supporting time-critical applications with bounded delay requirements. In the following, mainly the CSMA/CD part of the protocol will be described. Such a CSMA/CD protocol is usually employed in systems where the transmitters can quickly detect idle and collision periods of multiple access channels. CSMA/CD is widely used in local area networks, such as for example the Ethernet (IEEE 802.3 standard). According to the present invention, the carrier sensing and collision detection is provided by the BS, as will be described later in a section headed "CSMA/CD medium access control protocol".
Downlink (DL):
Fragmented user data packets, which have to be conveyed from the RNC to a registered MS via the PRCH, are transmitted on the DL PDCH over the radio link. Control information, which is required to support channel access control and data transfer on the UL, is transmitted from the network side to the MSs either via the DL PDCH or the DL PCCH. On the DL PDCH, for example, retransmission requests of erroneously received packet fragments on the UL are transmitted to the originating MS; of course, these requests can be piggybacked on user data frames. On the DL PCCH, it is advantageous to indicate to all attached MSs, firstly, the data rate presently used on the DL PDCH and, secondly, the data rate to be used on the UL PDCH in the next 10 ms frame or frames. Moreover, a busy/idle flag is broadcasted to all attached MSs indicating whether a random access is allowed in the next frame. All control information is protected to guarantee reliable delivery to the MSs. Finally, some unprotected power control bits are also transmitted on the DL PCCH.
Uplink (UL):
First the case is considered where only one registered MS currently has a packet to transmit.
1. The PR control entity 30.1 in the MS senses the DL PRCH. When the busy/idle flag received via this DL PCCH indicates FOUL idle in the next frame", the PR control 30.1 triggers its transceiver to perform on the UL PCCH a so-called power ramping procedure starting in the next 10 ms time interval.
2. During power ramping, the MS transmits on the UL PCCH a preamble and increases stepwise the transmit power. The MS receiver simultaneously listens to the power control information received on the DL PCCH. If the target power level is reached, the MS stops power ramping and starts tracking.
3. During the reception of the preamble, the BS acquires chip synchronization and estimates the channel. Simultaneously, the BS always broadcasts on the DL PCCH "UL busy in the next frame" to avoid that other MSs start the random access procedure in the next frame.
4. After the power ramping phase, the MS transmits its first encoded packet fragment on the UL PDCH and its VCI in the first UL PCCH 5 ms subframe. If further fragments have to be sent to convey the packet over the radio link, the MS raises a more-frames flag which is also transmitted via the UL PCCH.
5. When the BS detects the VCI, it immediately acknowledges the VCI on the second 5 ms subframe on the DL PCCH. Without getting the acknowledgment, the MS stops transmitting fragments immediately.
6. When the BS receives the first encoded packet fragment and the raised more-frames flag, the BS indicates on the DL PCCH "UL busy in the next frame". The packet fragment is decoded and checked for errors by units 32.2 and 31.2 and then passed to the PR control 30.2.
7. The MS transmits the next encoded packet fragments on the UL PDCH. When the last frame is transmitted, the more-frames flag is switched off in the first subframe on the UL PCCH.
8. The BS decodes the received packet fragments and passes them to the PR control 30.2. As soon as the BS detects the last frame, it broadcasts "UL idle in the next frame" in the second subframe on the DL PCCH to again allow a random access.
Optionally, the MS can transmit over the UL PCCH together with the VCI immediately after power ramping the number of packet fragments to be conveyed over the radio link. After successful reception of these two parameters, the BS indicates on the DL PCCH "UL busy in the next frame" until the number of correctly received fragments equals the announced number. When this option is implemented, there is no need to transmit a more-frames flag over the UL PCCH. It is now considered that there are presently two or more MSs having packets to be transmitted.
All contending MSs perform power ramping as described in phases 1.) and 2.) above, except that the BS limits the total power of all contending MSs to the target power. In phase 3.), the BS regularly starts reception and avoids new contenders. Then, the contending MSs start transmission as described in phase 4.). If the BS can detect no VCI in phase 5.), it acknowledges none of the contending MSs which forces them to cease transmission immediately and to try to access the PRCH individually some time later to retransmit the whole packet. Additionally, the BS broadcasts on the DL PCCH "UL idle in the next frame" to again allow random access. If the BS can detect the VCI of a MS, however, it acknowledges this (strong) MS which leads the other contenders to cease transmission immediately and to try to access the PRCH individually some time later to retransmit the whole packet. The acknowledged MS and the BS then proceed as it is described in phases 6.) to 8.) above.
Finally, it is considered that none of the registered MSs presently has a packet to transmit.
If the BS fails to detect some signal energy on the PCCH in phase 3.), it broadcasts on the DL PCCH "UL idle in the next frame" in the following frame.
CSMA/CD medium access control protocol: Since the present system is based on a 10 ms frame structure, the use of a slotted MAC protocol with 10 ms PRCH frames corresponding to slots has been adopted. In contrast to the 10 ms frame structure on the PDCH, the PCCH channel employs a 5 ms subframe structure.
In FIGS. 3A and 3B, the flow diagrams of the UL MAC protocol in the BS and MS are shown, respectively. It is assumed that the time unit corresponds to a 10 ms frame and k denotes the current frame number. The BS indicates on the DL PCCH channel the transmission rate R required on the UL in the next frame. The variable rate R might for example be selected from a predetermined set of transmission rates such that the total interference does not exceed a precomputed threshold.
R=0 implies that the UL will be idle during the next frame. Only after detecting R=0, called carrier sensing, the MSs attached to the PRCH channel may access the UL in the following frame, provided that they have a packet to (re)transmit. According to this scheme, on the UL PCCH channel, the MSs transmit a preamble with an initial power being about 10 to 20 dB below the target power, e.g. indicated by an open loop power control as described in the above mentioned article of A. Baier at al. During the power ramping phase (10 ms), the transmit power of the MS is adjusted according to the power control commands on the DL PCCH channel, which might operate at 2 kbit/s, such that the sum of the total power received from all MSs currently accessing the channel is as close as possible to the target power of the closed loop power control.
The BS indicates that the UL PRCH is "busy" (R>0) or "idle" (R=0) in the following frame depending on whether the total detected signal energy exceeds a predetermined threshold. If R=0, the MSs retransmit the preamble in the next frame in order to access the channel. If R>0, however, the MSs transmit the first 10 ms data frame on the UL PDCH 10 channel at data rate R and the encoded virtual connection identifier (VCI) as well as the more indicator M on the UL PCCH channel. M=1 informs the BS that there are more frames to be transmitted whereas M=0 means that there are no more frames to come. Assuming that the BS succeeds in decoding a single VCI and M=1, it indicates the required UL transmission rate R>0 for the next frame on the DL PCCH. If the BS fails to decode a VCI or detects M=0, it indicates R=0 "idle" for the next frame. Once a MS detects R>0, it continues transmitting data on the UL PDCH if it has another frame to send (M=1).
On the other hand, a MS stops transmitting data after the detection of R=0, because it either experienced a collision—the first frame of the packet is lost and the packet must be retransmitted—or because it sent a packet consisting of one frame only.
The timing diagram in FIG. 4 illustrates the "success", "collision" and "idle" periods on the UL PRCH channel. After detecting the last frame indicator M=0 of MSx during the first 10 ms frame k=1, the BS indicates with R=0 in the second half 41 of the first frame of the DL PCCH channel that the second frame k=2 on the UL will be idle. Since only MSy in the example depicted in FIG. 4 has a packet to transmit, it starts power ramping (hatched triangle 46) during the second frame k=2 on the UL PCCH channel. After the BS has detected some signal energy within the first 5 ms 42 of the second frame, it informs all the MSs that the UL will be busy during the third frame k=3 by indicating the UL transmission rate for the next frame R=R1 on the DL PCCH channel. During the third frame, MSy transmits data at rate R1 on the UL PCCH channel and both the VCIy and M=1 on the UL PCCH channel. The BS decodes the VCIy of MSy and informs again all the MSs that the UL is busy during the fourth frame k=4 by indicating R=R1 on the DL PCCH channel. Since the packet 43 (data y) of MSy is only two frames long, MSy informs the BS with M=0 in the first half 44 of the fourth frame k=4 that the last data frame is being transmitted. After detecting R=0 at the end of the fourth frame, MSx and MSz now attempt to access the UL channel via power ramping (cross-hatched triangle 45) during the fifth frame k=5. Since the BS cannot detect a VCI in the sixth frame, it indicates with R=0 that the UL will be idle during the following frame. MSx and MSz detect the collision and in turn stop transmitting data at the end of the sixth frame k=6. The BS cannot detect sufficient signal energy in the seventh frame k=7 either and the UL remains idle (R=0) during the following frame.
A possible implementation of a part of a transmitter 50, including the present invention, is shown in FIG. 5. This transmitter is based on the one described in an article called "A CDMA-Based Radio Access Design for UMTS", P.-G. Andermo et al., IEEE Personal Communications, February 1995, pp. 48-53. Positioned on top is a configuration unit 51. It plays a vital role, since after having received the applicable information about carrier frequency, chip rate and service identifier from the resource manager, it can control how information is coded, multiplexed and converted to RF. When a connection is established, the radio resource manager, which is located in the network, determines these parameters based on the requested service by the user, service being offered in the particular area, and the actual system load. As illustrated in FIG. 5, information to be transmitted enters from the left hand side on different logical channels. These logical channels may carry speech, user data and control information. The latter is denoted the dedicated control channel (DCCH) 52, and carries, for example, measurement reports, handover commands, etc., while the former two and the inventive packet channel 53 fall into the category of traffic channels, denoted TCH/S, TCH/D, and PRCH, respectively. The inventive packet service is achieved by providing a block encoder 31.2, followed by a convolutional encoder and interleaver 32.2, as illustrated in FIGS. 2A, 2B and 5.
According to another embodiment of the present invention the user data rates on the packet data channel may be allocated in a dynamic fashion, e.g. depending on the current traffic load on this channel.
The present packet data transmission scheme provides for high packet throughput with an emphasis on packets of short length. However, it is equally suited for other messaging and packet applications such as e-mail, tele-shopping and tele-banking, and vehicle-dispatch or fleet management applications, for example.
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|Method and apparatus for forwarding messages among multiple radio networks
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|U.S. Classification
|370/329, 370/335, 370/445
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Dec 3, 1997
Owner name: INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION, NEW Y
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text:
In the first track off his sixth album; "Me, My Mouth & Eye", Sound Sultan collaborates with Star boy; Wizkid in "Kokose". Produced by Legendury Beatz, this tune is presumed to get you moving your body. The duo never lack to deliver individually with their eccentric sounds, so let's see what this feature would bring to the table.DOWNLOAD
Oyinkansola – Koko'se
The Black Label songstress Oyinkansola has proved over the past year that she's here to stay. Delivering memorable hits like "Hands Up" her duet with the mellifluously voiced GT the Guiter-man and "Love Wantinti" her fuji inspired ballad with the chocolate city crooner Brymo and many more with label mates Enormoss and J-Skillz. With the release of a totally different song titled "Koko'Se" and the album launch rescheduled for an April 2012 launch instead, it seems some changes are cooking up. Check this out. Banging tune. Replay.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Logitech UE 900s Ultimate Ears Noise-Isolating Earphones (NEWEST 2014 VERSION)
"UE 900S Unibody I would like to first say thank you to Mrs. McDonald for sending me a demo unit to review. UE has some of the best customer service that I have experienced, they are very fast in responding to any emails with questions that I had. I am not employed or I am being compensated by UE for this review, this review is based on my opinions and all the photos were taken by..." --acain
PANASONIC RP-HJE120-D HJE120 Earbuds (Orange)
Panasonic RP-HJE355-K High Fidelity Ergo-Fit Inner Ear Earbud Headphone Black
" I bought this and the JVC HA-FX40 at around the same price($20 each). I like this for the better behaved highs, overall slight warmth, and what seems like a slightly better build quality. I like the HA-FX40 for its slightly better detail, although its highs are a bit too strong at times. The HJE355 has a very ergonomic shape and I think most people will find that it is very..." --JK1
Logitech UE 900
"This is my first review so keep that in mind. I bought a pair used UE 900's at Cex, an electronics resale store in San Francisco. I was cleaning them and pulled the wrong way on the MMCX connector and the freakin' right unit came apart and ripped the internal wires apart. I contacted Logitech tech support and was shipped a complete UE 900s for a replacement! They were quick and helpful..." --caffed
Panasonic RP-HJE900
" Review is here: http://www.head-fi.org/forum/thread/502289/panasonic-rp-hje900-zirconia-review " --dfkt
Logitech Ultimate Ears 600 Noise-Isolating Earphones - Dark Silver
"should have added a cable clip , fitting is awesome , sound quality is just what i like , bass is fast , hits with a punch , really nice mids , highs are lively too . thick and dark signature , my fav sig . secoend in command of my line up , might let the xba-3 creep in between , but xba-3 lacks sound stage , come on xba-3 , being a $200 phone you can not lack sound stage . but xba sounds fine..." --suman134
Panasonic RP-HJE450-K
" The sound reminds me of the PX100. It is warm and detailed, with plenty of bass. It has more bass impact but less detail than the HJE355. The HJE355 also has better detail, better highs, and seems to isolate better. I bought the HJE450 before I bought the HJE355. Even though the HJE450 is good, I prefer the less expensive HJE355. " --JK1
Panasonic RP-HJE295-K Deep Base Ergo-Fit Inner Ear Earbud Headphone Black
Panasonic's RP-HJE295 series features an ergo-fit design for ultimate comfort and a cord slider for tangle-free storage. Comfortable Fit The RP-HJE295 package includes 3 pairs of soft earpads (Small, Medium, and Large size) so that you can choose which size fits your ears best. These silicone inserts and ergo-fit design of the headphones allow for secure but comfortable wear,...
Panasonic rp hje 130
There is an old saying that says everything is all about presentation, and these new RP-HJE 130 earbuds from Panasonic definitely follow that very well. As far as the earbuds themselves go, they are your standard pair of earbuds for listening to your favorite tunes and probably work very well. The real attraction here though is in the packaging. With these earbuds packaged up to look like a...
Panasonic RP-HJE120-K In-Ear Earbud Ergo-Fit Headphone (Black)
"This is gonna be a simple review BASS For a $7 in ear it is actually really good. A little overbearing at times but quite articulate considering the price. MIDS They are not airy and vocals by no means sound lifelike but they are clear and not muddied by the elevated bass. HIGHS This is where this in ear does not shine. It is extremely recessed around the 10kHz to 14kHz range so..." --JAMEZTHEBOI


text:
'Cardboard Gods': Reggie Jackson
Updated: April 23, 2010, 12:39 PM ETESPN.com
Editor's note: This excerpt from "Cardboard Gods," by Josh Wilker, focuses on the "superduperstar" of the 1970s, Reggie Jackson. Copyright © 2010 by Josh Wilker. Excerpted with permission by Seven Footer Press.
Topps 1976 #500: Reggie Jackson Behold the All-Star. As shadows give way to sun, he pauses, reveling for a moment in his own magnificence, readying to move onto that bright stage he was born to command.The year before I got this 1976 card, I'd caught a glimpse ...
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text:
Prime, Mad Men: 5 o'clock
Advertising Agency: Draftfcb, New Zealand
Executive Creative Directors: James Mok, James Mok
Creative Directors: Chris Schofield, Billy Mcqueen
Heads of Art: Nick Smith
Art Director: Wiki Tafau
Copywriter: Frances Cooke
Account Director: Toby Sellers
Account Manager: Katie Loverich
Via: bestadsontv
12 comments
Are they print??? Just like happy hour even i feel that hey are OOH!
And then GOD said...
Let there be creativity!!!
If the opening credits didn't manage around it, this will have 9/11 Victim's Family Associations complaints written all over, regarding the Falling Man symbol related to the attacks. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Falling_Man
But they are creative outdoor examples, still...
Like the idea of this ad! It's a interesting way to use outdoor thatway. As a print, average...


text: Profile Horacio Quiros Leads HR at Argentina's Grupo Clarin Vol. 59 No. 2 Interview by Robert J. Grossman 2/1/2014 Permissions Page ContentHoracio Quiros, director of corporate HR at Grupo Clarin in Buenos Aires, Argentina, longs for quiet weekends at his remote island hideaway. But these days he has little time for rest. With more than 30 businesses—newspapers, cable news, radio, TV, soap operas, electronics, shared services and more—the media conglomerate experiences day-to-day HR challenges that are all-consuming. Each business unit has a unique character and culture that must be sustained beneath the Clarin corporate umbrella. Faced with double-digit inflation in Argentina and the remnants of the global recession, Clarin's leadership has plenty to worry about. Most troublesome are government threats and attacks against Grupo Clarin aired publicly and in the courts. President Cristina Kirchner's government believes that Clarin holds monopoly power over the Argentine media, and it is attempting to dismantle the company's holdings. Clarin is fighting back, objecting to what it sees as suppression of free speech and attacks on free enterprise. More than 17,000 workers are in the cross hairs, not sure how long their jobs will last. Recently, Quiros shared his views about the HR profession and how he handles morale in an environment roiled by uncertainty. Horacio Quiros Education: 1972, bachelor's degree in industrial relations, Universidad Argentina de la Empresa, Buenos Aires, Argentina. Current position: 1997-present, director of corporate HR, Grupo Clarin, Buenos Aires. Career: 1988-97, corporate human resources director; 1987-88, division HR manager; 1986-87, short-term HR assignment in Madrid, Spain; 1975-86, human resources development manager, Cargill SA (Cargill Inc. Argentine subsidiary), Buenos Aires. 1973-75, corporate HR assistant manager; 1970-73 plant personnel chief, HR trainee, FIAT Concord SA (FIAT Argentine subsidiary), Buenos Aires. Personal: Age 64. Married, with four sons and three grandsons. Diversions: Music, nature, photography, travel. Connections: firstname.lastname@example.com. You are leading HR in an environment that some have described as a war zone. What prepared you for this extraordinary challenge? I have learned through experience. Over the years, Argentina has been through several crises, some really critical—interruptions of democracy, wars, hyperinflation. The context is changing all the time. It's like navigating a boat: You have to be alert to things that are happening around you. When things change, you and your organization must be able to rapidly change course as needed. Grupo Clarin is challenging a law that would force it to divest most of its assets, while resisting sharp criticism and government actions that make it difficult to operate. How do you keep morale high in the face of this? When attacks come, you have two possibilities: cave in or resist. We show everyone that the people at the top are resisting. We have strong leadership that is committed to preserving our organization. When you are in an airplane and experience turbulence, if the pilot says, "We will have 10 minutes of turbulence; it's not going to be comfortable, but it will be all right," you think, "He's taking care of it; I can continue reading my book." But isn't all the external pressure a serious distraction for everyone? Yes. We're facing government challenges to our existence and targeted attacks against our journalists, board of directors and professional management. We need to respond, but we can't spend all our time defending ourselves. We needed to specify who is going to deal with these issues, so we created task forces with lawyers and other specialists while everyone else continues to concentrate on our businesses. And we did a lot of cultural management. How important is appearing upbeat when under attack? Absolutely essential. We try to transmit optimism. We walk around the corridors and smile, interacting, showing people that we are doing our jobs even though we are under stress. We tell our supervisors and managers to be with their people and let them see that you are not knuckling under the pressure. These face-to-face, in-the-moment contacts are more important than any formal communication we can produce. What are your strengths as a manager? My ability to see what's happening in different places and know when to step in and when to keep my distance. There are risks in reacting before you know the whole story. Things are not always as they seem at first glance. Experience leads me to say, "Let's wait a minute and see what's really happening here." How does HR want to be viewed by others on your senior management team? It's not an HR responsibility to manage people; that's up to line management. But they can't do it alone. We need to have specialists. Everybody can provide some first aid in an emergency, but if you need brain surgery, you go to a physician trained in that area. HR professionals are the specialists with primary responsibility for the human side of business. What qualities do you seek in entry-level hires, and how do you develop these individuals? I look for people who love HR. If you love what you do, you will make extra effort to learn and do things the right way. Understanding the business is important, but learning it through the lens of HR is what's key. HR is law and administration, but it's also commitment and caring. Judgment and flexibility are also very important. You need to have the capacity to think outside the box and sometimes be willing to go beyond what the laws say. As for development, we monitor people to see who is doing well and move top performers to other companies to see what they can do for them. Our structure allows us to create many opportunities. We work with individuals to have them pick the best placement. Someone may tell us, "I learned recruitment; now I would like to work in compensation." What characteristics do successful HR managers share? The ability to adapt what they know to the environment. The main HR ideas are the same, but the application is different. The capacity to observe, understand and apply to a particular situation is very important. It's like two doctors who studied at the same university, learned from the same books and had the same professors. Later, one works in a city and the other in the country. While the former must deal with disorders that are more common in cities—perhaps work stress or eating disorders—the other handles those seen frequently in country environments, such as animal attacks and tick-borne diseases. For each, the basic scientific principles are the same, but success depends on how they are applied. How do you weed out poor performers? There are times that we find people who are not performing well in HR may be a good fit somewhere else in the organization. In such cases, we arrange a transfer. But sometimes a person doesn't work out. We have a saying: "If people don't change, we change people." What's on the horizon for your company? In 2015, there will be elections, and we hope the government will change. But the pressure is really day-to-day. We could be shut down tomorrow. For now, we are trying as hard as we can, holding on until something positive happens. Robert J. Grossman, a contributing editor of HR Magazine, is a lawyer and a professor of management studies at Marist College in Poughkeepsie, N.Y. More from this issueHR Magazine homepage Related Content Member Spotlight: Rawleigh Richardson Sr., SHRM-CP Member Spotlight: Nancy Kasmar, SHRM-SCP Chief Culture Officers Fill a Growing Need Member Spotlight: Valerie Utsey, SHRM-CP Member Spotlight: Toby Atkinson, SHRM-SCP Permissions TOP PICKS: PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT Perfect Phrases for Performance Reviews The right phrase for every situation. Design and Implement Effective Performance Management Systems Design & Implement Effective Performance Management Systems The Crowdsourced Performance Review From SHRMStore: Use the power of social recognition to transform employee performance Express Request: Performance Improvement Plansl Resources for boosting under-performers 101 Sample Write-Ups for Documenting Employee Performance Book + CD from SHRMStore. Shortcut to explaining disciplinary problems. Webcast: Workforce Analytics Pamela Stroko on how predictive analytics fit into talent management. Oct. 7, 2 pm E/11am P People InSight Give employees a chance to review your organization. Diversity & Inclusion Conference & Expo Oct. 26-28, Boston. Build positive change in your workplace Seminar: Manage, Engage Human Capital Learn how to connect and organize top performers. Available online Nov. 9-Dec. 2 Swipe for more! ADVERTISING LINKS


text:
Jul 17 2015
Upcoming concerts and rehearsal notes
Mondays, 7 p.m. |
at Central Middle School, Columbus
Monday, July 13, 7 p.m.|
Tuesday, July 28, 7 p.m. |
Jul 17 2015
Mondays, 7 p.m. |
at Central Middle School, Columbus
Monday, July 13, 7 p.m.|
Tuesday, July 28, 7 p.m. |
Jul 22 2015
Our last concert of the season is at the Jackson County Fairgrounds in Brownstown Tuesday, July 28.
For the concert, please help load and unload at the school and at the fair. More hands make much quicker work!
Load at CMS: 5:15 p.m., on the road by 5:30 p.m.
In seats: 6:30 p.m.
Sound check with vocalists: 6:40 p.m.
Downbeat: 7 p.m.
Note: Allow plenty of travel time, because traffic can get heavy.
Summer fashions:
Tops: Tan band polo shirts or close cousin.
Bottoms: Black pants/skirts/shorts and shoes.
From Seymour, take U.S. 50 west into Brownstown.
Go to the second stoplight and turn left (Hwy. 250/Commerce Street).
Take last parking entrance at the south end of the fairgrounds.
Parking is free.
Our pavilion is by the tractor displays.
Click the map below to enlarge a view of the fairgrounds.
Have a great rest of your summer! Monday rehearsals resume Aug. 31.
Jul 09 2015
Our Bartholomew County Fair concert is Monday, July 13, at the fairgrounds south of Columbus on Hwy. 11.
We'll perform in the David Boll Theater, attached to the 4-H Community Building on the southwest end of the fairgrounds.
We'll be under a roof and in the shade, but consider bringing or purchasing some water.
Anyone and everyone is invited to help load/unload at Central Middle School and at the concert site.
Load: 5:30 p.m. at CMS.
In seats: 6:30 p.m.
Downbeat: 7 p.m.
Reload and unload back at CMS.
Band shirt or T-shirt of similar color.
Black pants/shorts/skirts and shoes.
If you were at the rehearsal when parking passes were handed out, they get you in free to the luxury spots close to the action. These are ONE PER CAR and absolutely NONTRANSFERABLE, else we lose our exclusive privileges. If you don't have one, show up for loading at CMS and see if you can share a ride, or just pay your three bucks or so in the regular fair parking area.
To get to the luxury spots: At the fairgrounds take the south entrance off Hwy. 11 and present your pass at the south gate, the one closest to the performing area.
Click the following link for a map of the fairgrounds itself. We're in the spot labeled L (right next to the cigarette icon, lucky us): BartCoFairgrounds-Map


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I am a creative green orientated 30 something.
I have just finished travelling with my wonderful husband on our extended honeymoon.
Its an adventure.
We love meeting new, interesting and creative people.
We are both vegetarians and musicians.
We even took our little travel guitar with us and played folk music for many of our hosts.
We went to Vietnam, India, Italy, France, Spain, Germany, Czech Republic, Austria, the UK and Ireland, as well as Slovenia, Hungary, Romania and finally Turkey!
We loved every minute.
We have found AirBnB to be a great source of value for money and good quality accommodation, not to mention a great way to see the real side of the country you are visiting.


text:
Articles in NASCAR – Sprint Cup Series
By Jim Pedley | Managing Editor
During the annual NASCAR media tour in Charlotte, N.C., last January, officials from the Wood Brothers Racing team and Ford Racing took to a dais and explained how they were returning to the past in order to improve the future.
Reaction from reporters gathered in the hotel ballroom varied.
Body language, in […]
By John Sturbin | Senior Writer
Fort Worth, Texas – Consider the IndyCar Series' decision to return Texas Motor Speedway to its "traditional" spot as first race after the Indianapolis 500 in 2010 as an extra round of therapy for track president Eddie Gossage.
Widely acknowledged as the country's premier motorsports promoter, Gossage continues to recover at […]
The NASCAR Sprint Cup Series returns to Michigan International Speedway, a driver's race track according to points leader Tony Stewart. Clint Bowyer says there's always strong racing at the facility. Plus, Driver Rating predicts Carl Edwards should defend last year's win on the fifth anniversary of his first series start at the facility.
By Bill Fleischman | Senior Correspondent
H. A. "Humpy" Wheeler is as far from a gloom-and-doom guy as you can find in racing. Anyone who saw his innovative promotions during his 33 years as president and general manager of Lowe's Motor Speedway knows that Wheeler likes to have fun.
So when Wheeler sees attendance significantly off for […]
By John Sturbin | Senior Writer
Watkins Glen, N.Y. – Tony Stewart's grip on a third NASCAR Sprint Cup Series championship got a little tighter Monday afternoon at Watkins Glen International.
A day after rain washed-out the Heluva Good! Sour Cream Dips at The Glen, Stewart turned the sticky summertime conditions in the Finger Lakes Region to […]
By Jim Pedley | Managing Editor
Let's see what's in today's Tuesday Morning Memo:
* You think some NASCAR team owner out there ought to be scrambling right now to come up with the telephone number of Mark Skaife? Think that owner should have the check book out and the seat-fitting department on high alert?
Perhaps, because judging […]
By John Sturbin | Senior Writer
Watkins Glen, N.Y. – There was a moment Monday afternoon when Jeff Gordon, a bonafide NASCAR road-racing ace, admitted he was glad the upcoming Chase for the Sprint Cup is an all-oval affair.
Gordon and his tender lower back took the physical brunt of a vicious six-car accident on Lap 64 […]
With his fifth win at Watkins Glen International, Tony Stewart set a record at the historic track and extended his NASCAR Sprint Cup Series points lead. In Monday's rain-delayed race, Stewart outdueled Saturday's NASCAR Nationwide Series Marcos Ambrose. Hear from Stewart, Ambrose and more with four races remaining until the Chase for the NASCAR Sprint […]
Tony Stewart held off Marcos Ambrose and an shrinking fuel supply to win Monday's rain-delayed Heluva Good! Sprint Cup race at Watkins Glen International.
Carls Edwards finished third.
Kyle Busch was fourth.
Stewart, the series points leader, will be able to clinch a berth in the Chase with a good run next weekend at Michigan International Speedway.
The victory […]
By Jonathan Ingram | Senior Writer
This week's edition of Monday Morning Crew Chief:
"Road course ringers" became a hotter-than-usual topic at Watkins Glen this weekend. When Marcos Ambrose put a surprising but incredibly clean move on Kyle Busch to win the Nationwide Series race, the offended driver and other veterans cried foul in unison.
Next thing you […]


text:
Select a Ticket Date to continue.
Your one day adventure tour includes an Everglades airboat ride, a visit to Miami's shopping district where you'll ride on the Star Island Cruise, an alligator and snake show and a visit to Miami's famous South Beach.Close
How long is the airboat portion of the Miami Everglades tour?
The airboat tour is a 45 minute ride through the Everglades.
Is this experience appropriate for guests of all ages?
Yes, however, I don't recommend infants under 1-2 years old. The airboat is very loud and babies don't like to keep the ear protection on.
Do you have any recommendations for guests who reserve a day with you?
Yes. Bring plenty of sunscreen and don't forget your camera. Also, prepare for a long day as it takes 3 hours to reach the Miami Everglades.
Is the airboat tour open to handicap patrons?
As long as the guest can get out of the wheelchair and step into the boat. Drivers and guides cannot assist anyone who cannot get out of the chair. It's a small step from the boat dock into the airboat.
What are guests NOT allowed to bring aboard the boat?
No food or drinks are allowed on the airboat.
How long is the Star Island cruise portion of the tour?
The boat tour operates for 1 ½ hours. It takes you through the harbor and past the homes of the rich and famous including Star Island, Al Capone Island, and Fisher Island.
How long does the entire one day tour last, approximately?
The last pick up is at 7:15am. They depart Miami at 6:45pm which will put them back into Orlando approx 10:30pm. So I would say the total day last approx 14-15 hrs.
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Other titles in the Dresden Files series:
The Dresden Files: Welcome to the Jungleby Jim Butcher and Ardian Syaf
Synopses & Reviews
Publisher Comments:
When the supernatural world spins out of control, when the police can't handle what goes bump in the night, when monsters come screaming out of nightmares and into the mean streets, there's just one man to call: Harry Dresden, the only professional wizard in the Chicago phone book. A police consultant and private investigator, Dresden has to walk the dangerous line between the world of night and the light of day.
Now Harry Dresden is investigating a brutal mauling at the Lincoln Park Zoo that has left a security guard dead and many questions unanswered. As an investigator of the supernatural, he senses that there's more to this case than a simple animal attack, and as Dresden searches for clues to figure out who is really behind the crime, he finds himself next on the victim list, and being hunted by creatures that won't leave much more than a stain if they catch him.
Written exclusively for comics by Jim Butcher, The Dresden Files: Welcome to the Jungle is a brand-new story that's sure to enchant readers with a blend of gripping mystery and fantastic adventure.
"Author Butcher is the creator of the Dresden Files series of novels (the basis for the short-lived Sci-Fi channel series), and this fun graphic novel is the prequel to his first Dresden book, Storm Front. Blurring the lines between fantasy and noir, Dresden is a scrappy, rough-and-tumble 'consulting professional wizard' who's often hired by the Chicago police to work on those crimes that enter the supernatural. Given only 24 hours to solve an inexplicable and gruesome murder at the zoo, Dresden has to deal with unhelpful zoologists and police, a helpful but confused potential love interest, packs of demonically possessed animals and several deadly enchanters along the way, eventually uncovering a plot by one of mankind's great ancient foes. If the story is not particularly deep, it's breathlessly paced, with plenty of quirks and details (one of Dresden's closest friends and allies is an ancient talking skull), and a compelling page-turner. Syaf's art is always effective, but sometimes ping-pongs between generic action-comic combat poses and more personal and evocative horror art. This book is a decent start to a new medium for the series and may pique the interest of those unfamiliar with Dresden and Butcher." Publishers Weekly (Copyright Reed Business Information, Inc.)
"With plenty of explosive supernatural pyrotechnics, possessed big cats, and hideous transformations, a fun romp." Booklist
When the supernatural world goes out of control, there's only one man to call: Harry Dresden, the only professional wizard in the phone book. A launch title in the Dabel Brothers graphic novel series, Welcome to the Jungle is an original adventure set in the New York Times-bestselling Dresden Files universe.
A world of shapeshifting wolves comes vividly to life in this collection of four comics based on Cry Wolf, the first book in Patricia Briggsandrsquo;s #1 New York Times bestselling Alpha and Omega series.
Charles and Anna are on the hunt for a rogue werewolf in the Montana mountains. The creature has morphed into something so dark that it kills everything in its path: deer, elk, grizzliesandhellip;humans.
But the wolf is the creature of something far more powerful. One of Charles and Annaandrsquo;s own pack harbors a centuries-old secret that has come back to haunt himandmdash;and wreak vengeance on those around him.
Charles and Annaandmdash;unaware of the truthandmdash;are two innocents who stand in the way. But even as members of their pack rally around them, Annaandrsquo;s rare power comes into its ownandmdash;and is unleashedandhellip;
About the Author
Jim Butcher is the New York Times bestselling author of more than a dozen novels, including the Dresden Files and the Codex Alera books. Since the publication of his first Dresden Files novel, Storm Front, in 2000, Butcher has become a favorite author of millions of dedicated readers around the world. A lifelong fan of comic books, Butcher lives in Missouri with his wife and son.
Ardian Syaf is a rising talent who has received universal acclaim for his work on the comic book Honor Among Thieves. Syaf lives in Indonesia.
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Haha! Too cute!
So wonderful, love it on the garments too!!
THANKing RDelean and dear Angelo!
So cute, love it!
Really cute!
THANKS Tsuki and Michelle! I appreciate your visit and comments.
love it!!!
THANKS so much Bruce!
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Fine art print on bright white, fine poly-cotton blend, matte canvas using latest generation Epson archival inks. Individually trimmed and hand stretched museum wrap over 1-1/2" deep wood stretcher bars. Includes wall hanging hardware.


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You've invested a lifetime into your student; we appreciate the trust you now put in us to continue to nurture his or her intellectual, emotional, social, physical, and spiritual growth.
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Bring the whole family for this weekend filled with events for you to share with your Malone student.
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Select Local Merchants
DeliaRead MoreCelebrate your new home purchase with some affordable and modern furniture items from Delia in Portland. Store has such a terrific selection of office furniture that you'll never have to worry about matching your color palette when you browse their selection of wares. When you're ready for some decoration inspiration, head on over to this store and browse the bedroom furniture options, such as bedroom furniture. Spruce up your living room with brand new furniture set from here, such as living room furniture. Deck out your deck with the perfect patio furniture, you're sure to find a summer style you love. Deck out your bathroom with brand new furniture and transform your home in a pinch. If you're in the market for some new wall decor, be sure to clear some space for items like curtains and mirrors. Even if your aesthetic tastes are as different as can be, you and your loved ones will fulfill all your home decorating needs with items like rugs, throw pillows, and vases. Sharpen your artistic eye with a little help from this store — even the most impressive artists are dazzled by the stunning pieces on display. Drivers will find parking not far from the store. Find just the right furnishing for your home. Delia has it all.6524 N Albina AvePortland, OR US
Cotton Cloud FutonsRead MoreTake advantage of the great furniture finds at Cotton Cloud Futons in Portland and amp up your home decorating skills. For a style that suits your backyard, browse the selection of patio furniture before the sun goes down. If you're expanding your work office, pick up some new and affordable furniture from this store. If you're looking to make your bedroom more comfortable, check out the furniture options here, such as bedroom furniture. When you are ready to add some new pieces to your living room, shop the selection of furniture here, such as living room furniture. Deck out your bathroom with brand new furniture and transform your home in a pinch. If you're in the market for some new wall decor, be sure to clear some space for items like curtains and mirrors. Pushing the boundaries of conventional artwork, this Cotton Cloud Futons features one-of-a-kind pieces that will easily dress up any room. Doll up your house with a little help. Items like rugs, throw pillows, and vases may be just the snazzy solution your home needs. Parking can easily be found in the area. Get ready to bring even more comfort and style into your home when you take a trip to Cotton Cloud Futons in Portland.701 NE Broadway StPortland, OR US
French Quarter LinensRead MoreIf you're looking for the best office furniture at the right price, you'll definitely want to go to store first. Make sure everyone has a seat at your next BBQ. Shop the awesome selection of patio furniture that will go perfectly with any outdoor space. When you need to decorate a few bedrooms, you can find everything you need here, such as bedroom furniture. Making over your bathroom is super simple with the cute and affordable furniture selection. Make your living room homey and comfortable with a brand new furniture set, such as living room furniture. They have plenty of quality towels to choose from, including bath towels and towels and linens. Items like rugs, throw pillows, and vases will provide your home with that much-needed flair, so get to decorating. Art lovers looking to spice up their space flock to this store for a touch of beauty, charm, and one-of-a-kind artistry. If you have a desire to decorate your walls, start off on the right foot with items like curtains and mirrors. Stock up on some new kitchen towels here and keep your kitchen looking squeaky clean. Many parking options are available in the area.1313 NW Glisan StPortland, OR US
F.H. Steinbart Co.Read MoreNamed Best Homebrew Store by Northwest Brewing News readers five times, FH Steinbart Co. has been outfitting aspiring homebrewers since 1918. A hops-hardened staff runs the oldest homebrew supply store in the country, connecting amateurs and experts with the raw ingredients and equipment to make smooth elixirs. Starter kits can spark a first attempt at fermentation, and resident draft experts can also help transform your fridge into a kegerator. FH Steinbart's extensive brewing classes teach students how ingredients affect the final product and let them witness the rare mating dance between hops and yeast as well as the stumbling walk of shame that follows.234 SE 12th Ave.Portland, OR US
Ankeny HardwareRead MoreWhen you need to get some improvements done around the office or at home, Ankeny Hardware in Portland has a range of tools to help you out. Deck out your deck with the perfect patio furniture, you're sure to find a summer style you love. There are so many nifty kitchen tools and gadgets available here, you'll be cooking like a pro in no time! At Ankeny Hardware, you'll find only the best outdoor gear and equipment. Park your car in one of their many available spaces. If your preferred mode of transit is of the two wheel variety, you're in luck — there's tons of bike parking outside the store. Pick up some new tools today at Ankeny Hardware in Portland and be prepared for any situation.1134 SE Stark StPortland, OR US
Mimosa StudiosRead MoreIf your art supplies are dwindling, head over to Mimosa Studios in Portland for a much needed refresher. This store features stunning works of handcrafted art that are easy on any eye. There are so many nifty kitchen tools and gadgets available here, you'll be cooking like a pro in no time! Pick up some new organizers and storage items from here and organize your kitchen in a flash. Street parking is always accessible for those dining at Mimosa Studios. When you're ready to dabble in some designs of your own, Mimosa Studios is your arts and crafts haven.1718 NE Alberta StPortland, OR US


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First of Two CBI "Computer Security"
Special Issues of the Annals (April-June 2015)
The July 2014 CBI Computer Security History Workshop brought together leading computer historians and some of the foremost computer security pioneers for two days of presentations, discussions, and exchange. Revised papers from this event will be published as two CBI guest edited special issues of IEEE Annals of the History of Computing, the first of which will be out any day now (and the second in 2016).
This special issue features RAND Corporation's Willis Ware on the cover, a leading computer scientist who was the first to formally articulate (at the 1967 Spring Joint Computer Conference) the multi-level computer security problem introduced by the rapid advance of time-shared computer systems in the 1960s. Ware went on to lead the Defense Science Board Task Force on Computer Security in the late 1960s that completed the famed Ware Report in 1970, and several highly influential committees on computers and privacy later that decade. CBI holds the Willis H. Ware Papers, which are especially strong documenting his committee leadership efforts regarding computers and privacy.
The articles of our special issue make major contributions to the technical, business, political, social, cultural, and intellectual history of computer security. US Cybercommand Historian Michael Warner and Microsoft's Steve Lipner's papers concentrate on foundations—with Warner focusing more on policy history within the executive and legislative branches and Lipner on the pre-history, history, and consequences of the Department of Defense computer security standards with the Trusted Computer System Evaluation Criteria ("The Orange Book") and the associated certification infrastructure in the 1980s. Cornell University's Rebecca Slayton and I extend these foundations. Slayton's article examines how U.S. government regulators valued risk analysis and metrics, as practitioners often questioned the measurement of risk. I analyze the origins and growth of the computer security software products industry—showing how computer giants (IBM) and startups (SKK, Inc.) listened to users in developing access control software products well short of the high assurance goals (upper end of the criteria levels) set by the DoD with TCSEC. Finally, American University's Laura DeNardis and Indiana University's Dongoh Park concentrate on elements of the political and social history of communication security, surveillance, and cryptography. DeNardis' article investigates the design tension between national security interests for surveillance versus network security in computing from the mid-1980s into the 2000s—focusing on the work of the Internet Engineering Task Force. Park extends the geographic scope with a case study of public key encryption technology in South Korea—highlighting the significant social and cultural challenges, as well as technological ones, in implementing public key infrastructure.
We are grateful to all the participants of the workshop for their insightful comments and especially to the Annals Editor-in-Chief Nathan Ensmenger for his participation at the event and guidance with the issue. We are also grateful to the National Science Foundation and past and present program directors Carl Landwehr and Jeremy Epstein (of Trustworthy Computing and SaTC respectively) for funding the workshop and CBI's larger four-year computer security history project—NSF 1116862.
Both electronic and print subscriptions to the Annals are available from the IEEE Computer Society, and electronic versions of all issue content are free to download to those affiliated with organizations subscribing to either the IEEE Computer Society Digital Library (through IEEE Xplore) or Project MUSE.
Jeffrey R. Yost


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Best Brands Using Instagram As A Marketing ToolPosted by fionamceachran under Social Media
From http://www.abnormalmarketing.com 1047 days ago
Instagram is proving to be an incredible marketing tool for businesses, entrepreneurs and celebrities alike. What started as an iPhone app, has since been launched as an Android app, and the popularity keeps growing.
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Written by bigmoneyweb
1047 days ago
1047 days ago
I love Instagram. You can take the world's worst picture and boom! Instagram to the rescue! It doesn't have business-specific profiles, built-in visibility, engagement metrics, or paid advertising options (not yet at least), but brands are taking advantage of Instagram and seizing the opportunity to share more personal perspectives with consumers. And I have to say, not to steal a catch phrase or anything, but I'm loving it! Thanks for sharing.
Written by fionamceachran
1047 days ago
1047 days ago
Hi Valentine, Yes, I love what Instagram can do to photos - such a great idea. To stand out now and be truly different, companies do need to let the customers have a sneak peek behind the scenes. That kind of personalisation cannot be duplicated.
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Three Key Voluntary Policies for WomenOctober 8, 2014
Today 4 in 10 women are the sole or primary breadwinners for their families,¹ and they do more than twice the amount …Sponsored By Aflac
Chris Farmer @CorporateCoachG Trains Your Team
If you feel your management style is lacking, Chris Farmer has some ideas for that. Ironically, it was another … MoreMore Contributors
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Niall Devitt advises organizations how to plan, design and implement social strategies that generate real business returns. In 2009, Niall co-founded TweakYourBiz.com …


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Metro Christian Center Sermon for May 4, 2014 - Sermon Videos
Embed metrochristiancenter 267 views 2014-05-04T17:40:05 A sermon presented by Pastor Ken Raymes from Metro Christian Center in Evansville, Indiana. This sermon was recorded on May 4 2014.
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Gophers to Host Summer Camps
June 26, 2014
Gophers' Summer Camp Offerings
MINNEAPOLIS – The Minnesota women's track & field and cross country program will host its annual summer camp July 12-16, 2014. The camp is designed to teach young runners the fundamentals of cross country and track & field. The emphasis is on providing a great fun-filled week of learning.
Campers will be taught skills and techniques to help them improve as athletes both on and off the track. The camps are open to any and all who wish to attend with separate offerings for half day, full day and residence camps.
For more information, refer to the link above or contact Matt Bingle, Minnesota's director of women's track & field and cross country.
More Headlines
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09/09/2015Oz Memorial Kicks Off 2015 Season Friday
09/09/2015Griak Hall of Fame Feature: Bill Bergan


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Insurance sales apprenticeship. Start your career today!
American Family Insurance - Moorhead, MN
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About this company
Our agency has been protecting people's dreams in the Fargo-Moorhead area since 1996. We provide auto, home, commercial, farm/ranch, flood,...


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Congratulations to the cast of ARSENIC AND OLD LACE!
We were pleased and impressed by the quantity and quality of talent that turned out to our latest auditions. Thanks to all who turned out for their time and efforts. And now, meet the cast of ARSENIC AND OLD LACE! Abby Brewster………………………………………………….Carolyn Ward Martha Brewster……………………………………………….Paula Stein Mortimer Brewster…………………………………………….Colin Borden Elaine Harper…………………………………………………….TBA Teddy Brewster………………………………………………….David Nava Jonathan … Continue reading
Congratulations to the Cast of MIRACLE ON 34th STREET!
As always, we were delighted by the vast array of talent that turned out for our latest auditions. A huge thanks to you all for your interest and enthusiasm! And now, say hello to the cast of MIRACLE ON 34th STREET! Doris Walker……………..Diane Villegas Fred Gayley……………….Nick Fleming Susan Walker…………….Elise Klingler Kris Kringle………………..John DuBois Ms. … Continue reading
Congratulations to the Cast of YOUNG FRANKENSTEIN!
The wealth of talent on display at auditions was so HUGE that it was SCARY! But we are certain that we've come up with a MONSTROUSLY good mob. Now forget the bad jokes and say hello to your cast! Dr. Frederick Frankenstein……….Daniel Tabeling The Monster…………………………….Stephen Balling Igor…………………………………………Dehron Foster Inga………………………………………..Jessica Quindlen Elizabeth Benning…………………….Stevie Nichols Frau Blucher……………………………Fabianna … Continue reading
The Producers has wrapped… The Vivian Awards have been given… you may be thinking to yourself, "The folks at ALT must be so bored with nothing to do…" NOT! We've got lots happening in the next month! And one VERY cool and important thing requires YOUR help! On Sunday, July 14th, we're having a … Continue reading


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The band was a juggernaut on stage at Gothenburg's Sticky Fingers last night and blasted through classics, new songs and a pair of covers for a perfect rock n roll stew. The crowd was simply put: Awesome! A big thank you to everyone who came for their support!
Next stop: Stockholm, at Harry B James August 21! See you there!


text: Everything worked fine. The air conditioner was cold, the bed was comfortable, the TV worked and there was a fridge and microwave (we didn't open them). The water pressure was great and the towels were huge. The non-slip mat in the bathtub really needs to be removed and cleaned under...it was pretty gross at the edges (see photo). There was... More


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High school boys basketball
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Auto Repair in Mountainside
Our master mechanics identify the best auto repair shops in Mountainside. Edit search×
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Carracino's Auto & Truck Service is a one stop auto shop. We do everything from basic maintenance to full motor rebuilds. Here at Carracino's we service all foreign, domestic and import vehicles including diesels. We have 3 Certified technicians in a state of the art 8000 squarefoot shop ready for your vehicle at anytime. We also tow and our services at can be reached 24/7 at 908 405 9543.
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CALL JOSH KRUBNER OUR INTERNET SPECIALIST AT 866-673-6841 FOR MORE Information! Have you downloaded our App yet? Visit your App Store & search for Douglas Infiniti to learn more about our App Only Offers!
Be sure to visit our website at http://www.DouglasInfiniti.com to learn more about us and get a FREE Car Fax Report on any Pre-Owned Vehicle.
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Call Dan Beckelman our Internet Specialist at 888-619-6580 for more information.
Have you downloaded our App yet? Visit your App Store & search for Douglas VW! To learn more about our App Only Offers.
Be sure to visit our main website at http://www.DouglasVW.com to learn more about us and to get a FREE Car Fax Report for any Pre-Owned Vehicle.
Remember... All Volkswagens are created equal, however all VW Dealers in Union County New Jersey are different and after being in business in Summit since 1965 we cordially invite you to Experience the Douglas Difference! We look forward to meeting you!
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Beaumont Forest Products Ltd, Ascot
- Name:
- Beaumont Forest Products Ltd
- Address:
- Swinley Rd
- Postcode/City:
- SL5 8AZ Ascot
- County:
- Berkshire
- Phone:
- 01344 87413701344 874137
- Fax:
- 01344 874139
- Website:
- www.beaumontforest.co.uk
- E-mail:
- Send message
Updated more than 6 months ago | Claim This Business| Report Incorrect Data
Beaumont Forest Beaumont Forest, timber merchant Berkshire, timber merchant Buckinghamshire, timber merchant Hertfordshire, timber merchant London, timber products Berkshire, timber products Berkshire, timber products Buckinghamshire, timber products Hertfordshire, timber products London
Keywords:Fencing, Timber Products, Timber Merchants, Decking, Importers, Importers Agents, Flooring Merchant, Cladding Merchant, Mouldings Merchant, Fencing Merchants
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October 25, 2010 in City, Region
Eight kids hurt when climbing wall falls
LAKESIDE, Mont. – A climbing wall collapse at a northwestern Montana church camp sent eight children to area hospitals with broken bones and heavy bruising, officials said.
Glacier Camp and Conference Center Interim Director Steve Edwards said the collapse occurred about 10 a.m. Saturday at the camp next to Flathead Lake.
Adults had to lift the 8-foot-tall wall off two children after it fell, Edwards said.


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In This Section
Journal Forum
Synthetic Reverberator - January 1960
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Multichannel Sound Reproduction Quality Improves with Angular Separation of Direct and Reflected Sounds - June 2015
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Clean Audio for TV broadcast: An Object-Based Approach for Hearing-Impaired Viewers - April 2015
2 comments
AES E-Library
A Statistical Study of the Variability and Features of Audio Signals: Some Preliminary Results
Audio coding methods (both lossy and lossless) can benefit from prior knowledge of audio signal statistics, which can exploit time domain stationarities. An extensive study is presented applying numerous criteria (e.g., energy, entropy, tonality, and likelihood) to successive frames of audio data. The statistics of these criteria variations are presented and classified, together with an assessment of their respective performance.
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ice skates
Mermaid With A Bone To Pick Made An Appearance On Maiden Lane Today
You may know "Mesmeralda," AKA Marni Halasa, from her other roles as the Bank Reform […]
Spandex-Clad Roller Girl Was Not Only Prepared To Put Citi Execs Over Her Knee But Read Them Their Rights
Yesterday the Financial Times reported that one of the twenty protesters at Citigroup's annual meeting […]
High-Frequency Monitoring: A Short-Sighted Behavior
The more frequently you monitor your portfolio, the more likely you are to observe a loss.
This is likely to cause short-sighted decisions and could hurt your investment performance.
If you are checking your portfolio more than once per quarter, you're doing it too much.
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Dan Egan, Betterment Director of Behavioral Finance and Investing