text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Publication date
|Jun 11, 1974
|Filing date
|Mar 30, 1971
|Priority date
|Mar 30, 1971
|Publication number
|Wilson W
|Original Assignee
|Wilson W
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (8), Non-Patent Citations (2), Referenced by (20), Classifications (10)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
United States Patent 1191 Wilson June 11, 1974 PROCESS FOR DIFFUSION BONDING [76] Inventor: Wendell B. Wilson, Spruce Dr., Rt. Prlmary 'f Spencer Overholser 2 Granville Ohio 43023 Assistant Examiner-Ronald J. Shore Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Ashlan F. Harlan, Jr. [22] Filed: Mar. 30, 1971 [21] Appl. No.: 129,406 57 ABSTRACT A process for diffusion bondin of metal arts (includ- 52 us. (:1 29/488, 29/497, 29/498, ing particles) by immersion the parts, or at 75/2231 148/20-6 148/28 least those portions thereof to be joined together, in a [51] Int. Cl B23k 1/20, B23k 31/02 nommetanic, inorganic melt while the parts are in [58] held of Search 29/4981 4971 488; mate contact, heating them to a temperature at which 148/181 28; /223 diffusion of the metal atoms at the surfaces of one or more of the parts takes place, and maintaining said [56] References C' heating for a period of time sufficient to provide a sat- UNITED STATES PATENTS isfactory bond. The melt, which may consist of a mol- 1,081,618 12/1913 Madden 29/421 ten glass, one or more molten i es, o e r more 2,352,246 6/1944 Benner et al. 75/223 X fused salts, protects theinetal surfaces from oxidation 2,495,150 I/l95 0 Von Deveter. 29/498 X and in many cases serves as' a flux to dissolve surface 9 2 10/1960 Bartlet! 29/156-8 3 X films from the metal parts. It may also serve concurii rently as a heat-treating bath. Pressure can'be applied ae 3,495.32; 2/1970v Fournier 29/498 x ggi sg 2 :51a 32221: gf figgg 3,604,l04 9/I97l Glasgow 29/498 X OTHER PUBLICATIONS Brazing Manual, Prepared by American Welding Society Committee on Brazing and Soldering, Copyright 1963, pp. 108-109. Garrett et al., Brood Applications of Diffusion Bonding," NASA CR-409, pp. 19-22, -84, 137-141.
the melt, may be withdrawn and while coated with and protected by the melt may be pressed, rolled or otherwise mechanically treated to improve the inter-metal contact and then reimmersed in the melt for further heating.
4 Claims, 4 Drawing Figures PATENTEDJUM I I974 INVENTOR. 1 3. Zljz'Zs'on BY M 1 ATTORNKS.
1 PROCESS FOR DIFFUSION BONDING BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION This invention relates to bonding by diffusion and is particularly concerned with a process for the diffusion bonding of metals in non-metallic, inorganic melts with or without concurrent heat treatment of one or more of the metals.
Historically, metal pieces or parts have been joined mechanically, as by bolts or rivets; adhesively, as by the use of cements; by soldering or brazing; or by welding. Mechanical joining, although suitable for many purposes produces bulky joints which may loosen under stress. Adhesive joining is suitable for many low temperature uses but, again, the joints tend to be bulky and the adhesive is subject to deterioration by aging, heat, and chemical attack. Soldering and brazing produce relatively permanent joints which in some cases occupy little space but, like. adhesive joints, such joints comprise a layer of alien material between the joined parts which may be weakened or destroyed by heat or chemical attack. Welding, although usually producing a permanent joint, is not entirely satisfactory for many purposes since some alien material, e.g., flux, may remain in the joint to cause or to facilitate corrosion and the localized high temperatures required in welding may change the metal characteristics at and near the joint and thus introduce stresses in or cause weakening of one or more of the parts, that are welded together.
Because of the deficiencies of the traditional processes of joining metal parts, other methods have been developed. Outstanding among such methods is the diffusion bonding process in which the metal parts to be joined are held in intimate contact and heated to such a high temperature as to cause diffusion of the atoms of one or both metal parts into the other. In theory, the results of this process of joining metals are ideal. When both parts are composed of the same metal the joint will be substantially indetectable; and even with different metals the joint will generally be an alloy of the metals with a composition graduating from one to the other, thus making for stability. In practice, however, diffusion bonding has had disadvantages. Because of the tendency for most metals to acquire surface films of oxides or other compounds particularly when heated, the metal surfaces must not only be cleaned with extreme care but the heating must be done in an inert gas or, preferably, in vacuum to prevent further oxidation. Since the metal parts may require considerable force to hold them in sufficiently intimate contact to allow diffusion and this necessitates the use of presses or clamping arrangements, the evacuated chamber must be large and thus heating the parts to be joined is difficult. Heating the parts evenly is also difficult, if not impossible, with the result that unwanted stresses are placed on the joints.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION thereof to be joined, in a non-metallic, inorganic melt while the parts are in intimate contact, heating them to a temperature at which diffusion of the metal atoms at the surfaces of one or more of the parts takes place, and maintaining said heating for a period of time sufficient to provide a satisfactory bond. The melt, which may consist of a molten glass, one or more molten oxides, or one or more fused salts, protects the metal surfaces from oxidation andin many cases serves as a flux to dissolve surface films from the metal parts. It may also serve concurrently as a heat-treating bath. Obviously, the sintering of metal powders, particularly. where no substantial amount of a liquid phase is formed, is a special case of diffusion bonding and may advantageously be carried on in a melt of the described type. As will be clear, the metal surfaces to be joined should be clean and of such character that they can be brought into very intimate or close contact.
SHORT DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a pair of twisted wires that have been joined by immersion diffusion bonding in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 2 is asectional view of a tank or crucible containing a melt in which are immersed a pair of tack-or spot-welded metal blocks to be bonded by diffusion;
FIG. 3 is an enlarged perspective view of the blocks shown in FIG. 2; and
FIG. 4 is a somewhat schematic view, partly in section, of apparatus for applying pressure to two interfitting metal parts while the parts are immersed in a melt for diffusion bonding in accordance with the invention.
OF EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION In FIG. 1 there is shown the result of a simple experiment, described in the following example, which illustrates the present novel process.
EXAMPLE 1 7 DESCRIPTION I EXAMPLE 2 The foregoing experiment was repeated using' titanium wires. As with the nickel wires, the titanium wires were found to be diffusion bonded at the points where they were held in firm contact.
FIGS. 2 and 3 illustrate a procedure for diffusion bonding two metal blocks or small parts. In FIG. 2'
there is shown a crucible or tank 11 of suitable resistant material such as graphite or fused-cast alumina which contains a non-metallic, inorganic melt 13. A suitable rack or support 15, also of suitable resistant material,
is provided in the melt 13 for holding the metal plates 17 and 19 which it is desired to join. Heating-of the melt 13 to maintain the desired temperature may be accomplished by any convenient and suitable means (not shown).
The general procedure for diffusion bonding with the apparatus illustrated in FIG. 2 is as follows: The metal blocks or other metal members that are to be joined are machined and/or ground to provide smooth, complementary surfaces on the contacting areas. They are then clamped together, assembled as desired in the tinished product, under pressure to ensure firm contact of the meeting surfaces; and while thus held under pressure are temporarily fastened or tacked together by spot welds 21 on their adjoining edges. The members or parts thus fastened together are then immersed in the melt 13 and heated to a temperature at which metallic diffusion between the closely held parts takes place, being maintained at or above that temperature long enough for the parts to become firmly joined. The melt meanwhile serves to exclude air from the metal parts so that oxidation of the parts is prevented and may also serve as a flux to dissolve oxides or other surface reaction products from the metal parts.
The above-described process is further described in the following example as applied to the diffusion bonding of plates 'or blocks of a titanium-aluminumvanadium alloy containing 6 percent aluminum and 4 percent vanadium.
EXAMPLE 3 A pair of plates or blocks, each approximately 51 mm X 17 mrn'X 8.5 mm, were surface finished by machining. The plates were then pressed together with the machined faces adjacent and spot welds were made across the adjacent edges of the plates to hold the adjacent faces in firm contact. The plates, thus fastened together, were then immersed in a melt formed of equimolar amounts of Na O, A1 and E 0 and held at a temperature of about 900C for hours.
The joined plates, upon removal from the bath, were water quenched, and the glass encrusting the plates was removed by dissolving it with water. Microscopic in spection of polished sections across the interface showed a homogenous structure throughout the pieces, the interface being marked only by a few pores. These pores resulted from the imperfect contact between the plates caused by use of a relatively coarse machined finish thereon.
i It was evident from microscopic inspection of the joinedplates that not only had diffusion taken place across the boundary between the contacting surfaces of the plates, but that there had also been such heattreatment of the bonded plates during the immersion in the bath as to produce a homogeneity of grain structure throughout the joined plates. Obviously the resulting article had very desirable physical properties and lacked the stresses and intervening distinguishable lay-' ers or heat-affected zones that would have resulted from welding or other methods of joining the plates.
Many other experiments have been carried out which have demonstrated the feasibility of diffusion bonding of metals in non-metallic, inorganic melts or baths.
With a melt or bath of suitable melting point the process can be applied to virtually any metal or combina- I tion of metals. Particularly important, of course, are iron and ferrous alloys such as steels, the non-ferrous reactive metals such as titanium and zirconium and their alloys, heat-resistant alloys such as those of nickel Widely different metals may be readily and conveniently joined by the process provided that serious adverse stresses, for example those resulting from great differences in coefficients of thermal expansion, are not encountered during cooling of the formed composite.
The melting point of the bath employed will determine the minimum temperature that can be used in -a specific diffusion bonding application and the decomposition point or boiling point of the bath will determine the maximum temperature that can be used. However, there are available, as set forth below, a large numberv of melt compositions with various melting, boiling and decomposition points which will permit the use of desired temperatures in carrying out the process. In general, it is desirable to use temperatures in diffu-' sion bonding according to the present process about midway between room temperature (25C) and the melting point of the lowest melting of the metals involved. The choice of a suitable temperature in any particular instance will be determined not only by this factor but also by the effect of the heating on the properties and characteristics of the metals such, for example, as grain size, segregation and the like. In many instancesthe use of relatively high temperatures is desirable because of the resulting increased-rate of diffusion. I
Non-metallic, inorganic molten baths or melts for carrying out diffusion bonding in accordance with the present invention may vary in composition. Suitable materials comprise oxides and metallic salts. Among the-oxides, particularly useful constituents of melts suitable for carrying out the present novel process are strongly basic oxides such asalkali metal oxides (Na,0 and K 0), alkaline-earth metal oxides (BaO, SrO, CaO, MgO)., and the amphotericand weak-acid formingoxides such as Al O ZnO, SiO SnO andespecially B 0 It willbe understood that these and others may be used alone or in various combinations depending upon the metals being bonded and the properties desired. Those skilled in the ceramic or glass a'rt'will have no.difficulty in selecting the oxides and/or their proportions to obtain suitable melts for use with specific metals and alloys. I
Many of the most useful mixtures of oxides form glasses when molten. A few of these are set forth in Table A but it will be recognized that there are many more which will be useful in at least some circumstances.
TABLE A Oxides Molar Ratios Na,0 A50, B 0, 1 2 l l Na,0 SiO, B 0 2.52 l 1.52 K 0 B 0 SiO, l :2.ll 1.73 E30 B 0, 1 z 0.64 Na;( Al,0, SiO, 1 0185 c 4.55
The first mentioned of these glass compositions, i.e., Na O, A1 0 and B 0 in a lzlzl molar ratio, was employed as a melt or molten bath in the foregoing examples and is useful in many situations since it becomes molten at about 500C and 'may be heated repeatedly to about 1,000C without substantial adverse change in composition. In using glasses for melts in accordance with the invention the constituent oxides may be melted together for use or a preformed cullet may be melted.
As mentioned above, molten salts can also be used as baths for diffusion bonding of metals. Some such salts,
such as the silicates of the alkali and alkaline-earth metals, are essentially glasses when molten. However, other salts may also be used. Examples are sodium and potassium halides such as fluorides and chlorides, sodium cyanide, potassium cyanide, potassium nitrite, and mixtures thereof. In general, any molten salt which is stable at the temperatures employed and nonreactive with the metal or metals immersed therein is usable for carrying out the process.
It will be understood that diffusion bonding of metals according to the present invention may be carried out in a variety of ways differing from the procedure described in the preceding examples. Thus, as depicted in FIG. 4, the metal parts to be joined may be subjected to pressure while in the melt or molten bath.
As shown in FIG. 4, an hydraulic press, comprehensively designated 25, is employed. The press has a base plate 27, supporting rods 29, a head plate 31 carried by said rods, a linear fluid motor 33 supported by said head plate and having an extensible, downwardlyextending piston rod 35 for applying force, and a guide plate 37 slidably mounted on the rods 29 for guiding the piston rod. A crucible 39, such as is shown in FIG. 2, is placed on the base plate 27 so that pressure can be applied to articles in said crucible.
EXAMPLE 4 In, for-example, joining by diffusion bonding a titanium alloy shaft 45 having a tapered end 47 to a titanium alloy plate 49 having a tapered hole therethrough, the tapered end 47 and the interior of the hole are given smooth, complementary surfaces by suitable means. Then the plate is placed at the bottom of the crucible 39 with the larger end of the hole therein facing upwardly,-the'tapered end 47 of the shaft 45 is placed in the tapered hole of the plate and the piston rod 35 is projected by operation of the fluid motor 33 to exert pressure on the shaft to hold it firmly in place. A suitable melt 51, which may consist essentially of Na O, A1 0, and B 0 in equimolar proportions, is then established in the crucible 39 in an amount at least sufflcient to cover the plate 49 and the lower portion of the shaft 45 and the latter is held in place under pressure from the fluid motor 33 for sufficient time for diffusion bonding to take place thereby securing the shaft 45 and plate 49 firmly together.
Because of the relatively viscous nature of some molten baths another method of carrying out a diffusion bonding of metal parts to be joined is possible and desirable in many instances. This involves assembling the parts to be joined, employing tack welding, clamping, or other suitable means to hold them together in proper relation. The assembly is then immersed in a suitable melt where the parts reach a temperature at which diffusion bonding can take place. The assembly is then removed from the bath, a coating of the material of the melt adhering to and covering the surface thereof, and while still hot and thus more readily deformable is subjected to a desired mechanical treatment such, for example, as pressing or rolling, to ensure intimate contact of the surfaces between which diffusion bonding is desired. Following this, the assembly is returned to the molten bath and reheated for such time as to permit diffusion bonding of the parts. The metal is protected from oxidation during the mechanical treatment by the bonding of metal parts or elements in accordance with I thepresent invention is to employ, for maintaining the parts in properly assembled position, fastening or clamping means which'is made operative by differential thermal expansion of the parts and clamping means as the temperature is raised to increase the force holding the parts together. For example, theparts may be riveted together, after the contacting surfaces are finished and cleaned, with rivets of a metal of high melting point which has a lower coefficient of thermal expansion than the parts to be joined. Thus, as the parts are heated in the melt, the expansion of the parts will increase the clamping force exerted by the rivets. Specifically, rivets of molybdenum, a metal having a coefiicient of thermal expansion of approximately 3 X 10 in./in./F., may be employed to clamp together sheets, bars, or other parts of steel having a coefficient of thermal expansion of about 8 X 10' in./in./F.
It will be evident from the foregoing description that the surfaces of the metal parts to be joined should be clean and well finished and have complementary surfaces since interdiffusion is thereby facilitated. It will also be necessary to select a suitable composition for the melt, bearing in mind thatthe molten bath should be non-corrosive to the metal parts as well as have a molten range that includes the temperature desired for the bonding, and also for heat treatment, if the latteris desired. It will further be understood that the rate of diffusion is a function of time as well as temperature, the two factors having inverse effects, i.e., other factors being the same, the higher the temperature the shorter the time required to obtain bonding by diffusion, and vice-versa. Consequently, it is not feasible to establish limits for one or the other alone. It should behere noted, however, that, while with clean surfaces diffusion at contacting metal surfaces takes place'slowly even at relatively low temperature, the rate of diffusion increases rapidly with increasing temperature. Consequently, the use of the highest temperature for the molten bath which is feasible in the light of other considerations, such, for example, as stability, adverse effects on the structure of one or more of the metals used, or undue corrosion of the container, is usually preferred.
The crucible or container for the molten heating bath may be formed of any suitable material, such materials being well known, and may have any suitable construction, it being evident that small containers may be of materials and construction unsuited practically for large ones. In some cases metal crucibles may be used, with or without water cooled walls. Also useful in many cases are crucibles of graphite or carbon and refractories, particularly fused-cast refractory materials suchas A1 0 and stabilized ZrO Such refractory materials may also be used as linings for metal shells and for forming other auxiliary elements, such asthe support 15, which may be in contact with the melt. The materi-' als for the molten bath may be melted in the crucible or, alternatively, may be melted in another container and'transferred to the crucible. Heating of the melt, or the materials therefor, in the crucible or elsewhere can be by any suitable known procedure and/or means, these constituting no part of the present invention.
The present novel method for diffusion bonding of assemblies of metal parts presents numerous advantages over previously practiced methods of joining metal parts. For example, the parts will not separate as may occur when a soldered or brazed assembly is heated above the, melting point of the bonding material and there is' neither a sharp change of structure nor an embrittled zone in the finished article such as may occur with welded structures. Moreover, in comparison with diffusion bonding in vacuum or an inert atmosphere, not only is the apparatus required less expensive, but pressure may also be readily applied even to large assemblies since, as disclosed above, assemblies can be removed from the molten bath after being heated and subjected to compacting procedures such as rolling or pressing while the metal is protected from oxidation by an enclosing mass of viscous material from the bath.
As pointed out above, the sintering together of metal particles such as metal powders or fibers, including whiskers, where no substantial amount of a liquid phase is formed is a special case of diffusion bonding and such sintering may be conveniently and satisfactorily carried out by processes embodying the principles of the present invention, the metal particles being regarded as very small parts, analagous to the larger parts or elements the diffusion bonding of which has been described above. In some cases, a preformed compact of the metal powder, with or without a suitable auxiliary container, may merely be held in a suitable melt such as described above at such temperature and for such a time as to obtain adequate sintering together (diffusion bonding) of the metallic particles. In other cases it may bedesired or necessary to either remove the compact from the melt or molten bath after preliminary heating and further compress it or to exert pressure on the compact during the heating in the melt. In the former situation the encrusting material of the melt which remains on the compact when it is removed from the bath protects the metal powder from oxidation during compression. In the latter situation pressure applying means such as is shown in FIG. 4 or any other suitable means may be employed. In either situation a suitable mold may be used if desired. Other known sintering procedures may also be employed as desired and feasible. Obviously, as with diffusion bonding of larger parts or elements, the present method has the advantage of protection from oxidation during the heating necessary to obtain the desired diffusion andduring any subsequent heat treatment in the molten bath.
In a variation of the above-described sintering procedure composites or cermets may be produced in which at least a portion of the pores of a porous body formed by sintering a mass of metal powder and/or metal fiber according to the present invention remain filled with the oxide or glass used in the molten bath. Such products may be formed by cooling the sintered body without permitting the'molten oxide or glass entrapped in the pores to separate or run out. If desired, of course, the. hot porous body with entrapped glass or oxide may be shaped after removal from the molten bath by, for example,-pressing in a suitable mold.
In the foregoing description it has'been noted as a further advantage of the invention that the nonmetallic, inorganic melt or molten bath employed for diffusion bonding is also useful in the heat treatment of the joined metal parts. It will be evident that heat treat ment of metal articles in conjunction or simultaneously with diffusion bonding has economic advantages. Those skilled in the art will understand that such heat treatment can be varied by 'choice of melt temperatures and, if desired, by changing the temperature of the bath before, during, or after the diffusion bonding. As indicated above, the diffusion bonded parts or elements may be quenched after removal from the melt. Instead, however, they may be air cooled, annealed, or otherwise treated in accordance with schedules and procedures known in the art to achieve the desired physical characteristics and metallographic structure. vln the event annealing is desired, allowing the bonded article to cool in the melt will in some cases be desirable, and
Terms of position or direction, such, for example as upper, lower, top, bottom, right and left as used herein refer to the illustrations'in FIGS. 2 and 4 and are used only for conveniencein description. Such terms should not be construed as limiting the scope of this invention or as requiring or implying a necessary positioning of the structure or portions thereof.
I claim:
l. A process for diffusion bonding, in the absence of any substantial amount of a liquid metal phase, of an assembly of metal parts, said'parts being both held in intimate contact and pressed togetheressentially only by. mechanically applied pressure, which comprises preheating said assembly in a suitable, non-metallic, inorganic meltat atmospheric pressure, removing said assembly from said melt, pressing said parts together while hot and coated with the melt material, the coat- .ing of melt material protecting said assembly of metal parts from oxidation, reimmersing said assembly in said melt, and further heating it therein at atmospheric pressure'to a temperature at which interdiffusion between said parts takes place for a period of time sufficient to provide a satisfactory bond.
2. A process as set forth in claim 1 in which said melt consists essentially of one or more oxides or a glass.
3. A process as set forth in claim 1 in which said melt consists essentially of fused salts.
4. A process for diffusion bonding, in the absence of Q any substantial amount of a liquid metal phase, of an assembly of metal parts, said parts being. in intimate contact, which comprises heating said assembly to a temperature at which interdiffusion'between said parts takes place while said assembly is immersed in a suitable, non-rnetallic, inorganic melt at atmospheric pressure and maintaining said heating with said melt at atmospheric pressure for a period of time sufficient to provide a satisfactory bond, said parts-being particles of metal powder or metal fiber and said melt consisting essentially of one or more oxides or a glass, and cooling said, assembly after said heating to produce a sintered metal article having an oxide or a glass dispersed therein.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
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|Dec 16, 1913
|Westinghouse Lamp Co
|Process of preparing billets of refractory materials.
|Nov 7, 1941
|Jun 27, 1944
|Carborundum Co
|Method of making abrasive articles
|Apr 2, 1945
|Jan 17, 1950
|Packard Motor Car Co
|Method of conditioning metal members for a welding operation
|Jul 29, 1954
|Oct 25, 1960
|Thompson Ramo Wooldridge Inc
|Forged powdered metal articles
|Jan 3, 1958
|Jan 7, 1964
|Smith Corp A O
|Method of bonding metal members
|May 22, 1962
|Nov 24, 1964
|North American Aviation Inc
|Metal treatment in molten alkali-barium-boro-silicate glass and composition
|Jan 24, 1968
|Feb 17, 1970
|Sprague Electric Co
|Assembly of units in metal containers
|Feb 26, 1969
|Sep 14, 1971
|Paul H Glasgow
|Method of producing aluminum brazed coil
|Brazing Manual, Prepared by American Welding Society Committee on Brazing and Soldering, Copyright 1963, pp. 108 109.
|Garrett et al., Brood Applications of Diffusion Bonding, NASA CR 409, pp. 19 22, 80 84, 137 141.
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Jul 28, 1975
|Apr 27, 1976
|General Electric Company
|Sheet cladding method
|Jan 10, 1973
|Sep 6, 1977
|P. R. Mallory & Co., Inc.
|Electronic component and method
|Jul 7, 1977
|Feb 27, 1979
|Untilov Viktor J
|Method and apparatus for fabricating polymetallic articles by solid-state diffusion bonding process
|Nov 10, 1986
|Mar 22, 1988
|Grumman Aerospace Corporation
|Method for diffusion bonding of alloys having low solubility oxides
|May 13, 1988
|May 16, 1989
|Grumman Aerospace Corporation
|Method for diffusion of metals and alloys using high energy source
|Jul 20, 1988
|Mar 6, 1990
|Grumman Aerospace Corporation
|Method for diffusion bonding of metals and alloys using thermal spray deposition
|Jul 20, 1988
|Nov 13, 1990
|Grumman Aerospace Corporation
|Method for diffusion bonding of metals and alloys using mechanical deformation
|Dec 14, 1992
|Sep 7, 1993
|Nicolas Raymond G
|Method for forming and diffusion bonding titanium alloys in a contaminant-free liquid retort
|Dec 18, 2002
|Aug 30, 2005
|Honeywell International, Inc.
|Spun metal form used to manufacture dual alloy turbine wheel
|Aug 16, 2004
|Feb 21, 2006
|Honeywell International, Inc.
|Spun metal form used to manufacture dual alloy turbine wheel
|Nov 3, 2004
|Apr 14, 2009
|Honeywell International Inc.
|Spun metal form used to manufacture dual alloy turbine wheel
|Dec 19, 2008
|Jul 30, 2013
|Robert Bosch Gmbh
|Method for positioning two components using tack welds crossing the joint line
|Dec 18, 2002
|Jun 24, 2004
|Honeywell International Inc.
|Spun metal form used to manufacture dual alloy turbine wheel
|Aug 16, 2004
|Jan 20, 2005
|Rice Derek A.
|Spun metal form used to manufacture dual alloy turbine wheel
|Nov 3, 2004
|Mar 24, 2005
|Rice Derek A.
|Spun metal form used to manufacture dual alloy turbine wheel
|Dec 19, 2008
|Aug 5, 2015
|Feb 18, 2002
|Aug 5, 2004
|Brueninghaus Hydromatik Gmbh
|Hohlkolben und Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung durch Diffusionsschwei�en oder Sintern
|Feb 18, 2002
|Aug 24, 2006
|Brueninghaus Hydromatik Gmbh
|Hohlkolben und Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung durch Sintern
|Jan 22, 2003
|Aug 20, 2003
|Brueninghaus Hydromatik Gmbh
|Hollow piston and method for manucturing it by diffusion welding or sintering
|Dec 19, 2008
|Nov 19, 2009
|Robert Bosch Gmbh
|Method for positioning two components using tack welds crossing the joint line
|U.S. Classification
|228/193, 228/232, 148/28
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification


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Are you passionate about building platforms that use machine learning to turn massive amounts of data into experiences that anticipate user?s needs so well they say ?how did they do that?? In the role of software engineer, you will work on building a highly-scalable and8/25/2015 Campbell, CA Save This Job
ID# 2016-13 Date: June 15, 2015 Vormetric is looking for an experienced Windows kernel software engineer to work on technical enhancement for Vormetric Data Security products. The ideal candidate has already worked on Windows File System Filter drivers, NTFS file system and8/23/2015 San Jose, CA Save This Job
Location:Redwood City, CA Department:ENG - SMB - BUSINESS Description Responsibilities: We move fast, and thus you should be comfortable analysing specifications and requirements provided by product management, fill in the blanks where required and be able to design and8/23/2015 Redwood City, CA Save This Job
Why Our Company Catbird brings the excitement of the start-up, a fun and collaborative work environment, with a culture focused on innovation and excellence. The company's products are cutting-edge, loved by our customers who see the impact of better security and the direct8/23/2015 Scotts Valley, CA Save This Job
Vormetric is looking for an experienced Windows kernel software engineer to work on challenging problems in Vormetric Data Security product. The ideal candidate has already worked on Windows File System Filter drivers, NTFS file system and understands the difficulty of building8/23/2015 San Jose, CA Save This Job
We are an exciting start-up delivering a PaaS platform for the Internet of Things. The Ayla Platform? is the industry?s only complete end-to-end solution for transforming everyday products into cloud-connected devices quickly, easily and economically. Ayla combines its8/16/2015 Sunnyvale, CA Save This Job
Location Ann Arbor, MI Description Magnetic is tackling the high-volume, low-latency world of real-time online ad auctions and product recommendations and we need your help. We measure traffic in billions of events per day across six data centers, and we?re only just getting8/12/2015 Ann Arbor, MI Save This Job
Mountain View, CA As a Lead Mobile Software Engineer, you will be on the team responsible for helping to bring our fanciful mobile messaging products to Android. You will collaborate with the team of engineers, user experience, and visual designers to deliver apps that push the8/10/2015 Mountain View, CA Save This Job


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Thanks for a great product!"
Reed Barlow - Bluffdale, UT
Owner of BlueStar 60" FreeStanding Gas Range (RNB606G)
To service your BlueStar products, please visit one of BlueStar's exclusive service centers throughout the US and Canada. For all warranty related repairs please call BlueStar Customer Service at (800) 449-8691 prior to contacting a service company or your dealer.
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Armed Mafia Are Stalking Us: Post Piers Morgan Debate
January 8th, 2013
(AJC) – We just got off CNN and undercover cops are all over us. They have been on our ass all day but now they are stalking us! We need to put this on the record in case the set us up.


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Wedding Bells At Pride Parade
"It's not just gay marriage, to us it is marriage. Whether it's gay, straight, lesbian, or anything in between, every person should have the right to marry whomever they want and to be happy."
Bought this for a gift. Sauces were delicious, according to the recipient. I thought the basket was a little cheaply made but the presentation was really nice....
|Father's Day Housewarming Just Because Love & Romance Mother's Day New Home Thinking of You
|Food Type
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|16 in. x 11 in .x 6 in.
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Bought this for a gift. Sauces were delicious, according to the recipient. I thought the basket was a little cheaply made but the presentation was really nice.Read More
I marked the product as a gift. When it arrived it had no information about me, so my friend had no idea who sent it to her. A week later I asked if she received a gift basket. That's when she said "Mystery solved." She wasn't even sure if she should use the products inside the basket, unsure if they were safe. You need a better system of printing the name of the person sending the gift, perhaps adding a little simple card with each gift.Read More
I got this basket for my aunt an uncle after they hosted us for Christmas this year. The gift was very well received!Read More
Both parties that I sent this to said that it was wonderful.Read More
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Sept. 14 will be an important day in the life of the District of Columbia. The Democratic Party will hold its primary election. Given the electoral demographics, this Democratic nomination for mayor is a de facto election. I am a lifelong Republican and will not participate, but I am very much interested as I want the genuine progress made in the past several years in reforming D.C. schools to continue.
The reputation of our D.C. public schools has been poor. Eighth-grade students would usually test out with either fourth- or fifth-grade math. And, this is the capital of the United States, leader of the Free World.
It is commonly known that the District has excellent private schools. The charter school movement and opportunity vouchers improve the situation.
But the majority of the District's young people attend public schools. Consequently, we have a special obligation to assure that every child in the D.C. Public Schools system has effective teachers in every classroom. This has not been the case. As a retired diplomat, I hear from friends in other countries who are being assigned to their respective embassies in Washington. Most of the calls have the same theme: The reputation of our public schools. Some have governments that underwrite the cost of private education; others do not have that arrangement and, being concerned about the quality of education for their children, they decide to live in nearby communities in Virginia and Maryland. It is a national shame.
At last we have the beginnings of real reform. In many instances in a pluralistic democracy, change is conducted in a smooth, orderly fashion. But, sometimes, change requires dramatic action. D.C. Schools Chancellor Michelle A. Rhee has been giving the strong, aggressive leadership needed to assure we achieve our public goal that every child has an effective teacher. And, the fact is that major improvements initiated by Ms. Rhee have been fully supported by the mayor. Sometimes this requires taking risks. In the past, there has been great emphasis on the rights of the teacher. Students' needs came in second. The result? In 2007, fewer than 10 percent of eighth-graders were performing at that grade level in math.
That record is changing. Recently, the chancellor dismissed more than 200 teachers. The overwhelming majority had received very poor ratings under an objective evaluation procedure. Another group of teachers was classified as "minimally effective" and given one year to improve performance.
There has been some criticism of the chancellor. Some have commented that the action of the chancellor was "too drastic." Others have expressed sympathy for those dismissed. Not surprisingly, the Washington Teachers' Union has refrained from endorsing the reform of the past few years.
What about the young people? There is a clear and moral responsibility to offer our young people an effective, early education. The important key to success in this regard is the teacher. There is no point in avoiding the recognition that better teachers are central to reform.
School reform is an issue in the forthcoming democratic primary. Certainly, there are other issues to be considered, but, for me, the decisive question would be, "Which candidate will continue this aggressive and fast-moving reform of the district schools?" One choice has more teachers union support. The other is better for the young people who attend D.C. public schools.
Reform has finally been started in the nation's capital. We can be proud of the recent improvements. My vote would be for the candidate who will give us the best assurance that this reform will continue. It is not difficult to identify that candidate. Let's let him continue to expand it.
Thomas Patrick Melady has held four diplomatic positions, most recently as ambassador to the Vatican. He was also assistant secretary of postsecondary education in Ronald Reagan's first presidential term and president of Sacred Heart University.
© Copyright 2015 The Washington Times, LLC. Click here for reprint permission.


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Special Offers at Amber Beauty Salon
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Ultra cool and ultra light. The hammock made of parachute silk! This high performance system is not only exceptionally hardwearing and sturdy, but also still amazingly soft. pleasant on the skin and breathable! Amazonas have especially created a large hammock with an extra number of hanging cords: This means that Silk Traveller can be completely opened up and is so comfortable that it is not just suitable for travelling.Features: Hammock; Made from luxurious parachute silk which is soft on the skin and light for easy transportation; Comes in a matching bag; AZO-free; Specifications: Approximate lying surface: 220cm x 140cm; Load capacity: 150kg; Depth: 350cm; Wayfair SKU:QGF1058
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Welcome to the Lemont Artists Guild!
Check out our page Meetings/Programs for a list of our upcoming schedule.
NEW Meeting PLACEHomer Township Public Library
14320 W 151st St, Homer Glen, IL 60491 (708) 301-7908 www.homerlibrary.org
We hope you Join Us!!
Please contact Liz Popp at email@example.com for more information.
| Webmaster | For more Information | ©2011-2015 by Lemont Artists Guild


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2000-12-16 Mauricio Martinez w rsc 1 Esham Pickering, The Arena, Sheffield, England - WBO
From Barry Hugman's History of Championship Boxing
16 December Mauricio Martinez w rsc 1 Esham Pickering, The Arena, Sheffield, England - WBO. Referee: Rudy Battle. Showing his inexperience, Pickering (117¾), challenging for the title after boxing more recently at featherweight, was caught cold by Martinez (117½) and blasted down twice. The second knockdown forced the referee to stop the fight after just 72 seconds in order to get the stricken fighter medical help quickly. Too upright and too easy to hit with the right hand Pickering could have been rescued after the first knockdown after getting up at the count of 'four', but being the home fighter he was given every chance.


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What Tight End on the Chiefs Current Roster Will Fans Be Raving About Come the End of the Season?By: William Bruno Not too long ago, if you were to listen to Mitch Holthus on The Kansas City Chiefs broadcast you would hear him yell "TOUCHDOWN, Kansas City Chiefs" which was quite often followed by, "TOUCHDOWN, Tony Gonzalez!!!" Since those days ...
After Charles, Who Will Stand Out On Offense In 2014?By: Nathan Shellstein Anyone who followed the Kansas City Chiefs last year understood that Jamaal Charles was the bulk of the offense. He figures to be a huge part again in 2014, but the team is hoping for a bit more help. Here is a look at the 3 be ...
I've heard many theories from Pioli is no longer in full control and RAC is finally being able to coach his way to this is Pioli trying to save his job.
Somehow this DC part strikes me as building in an excuse if/WHEN the Steelers throttle this team on MNF. Romeo claimed a perception of the way the offense views him as the reason for the change. I just have a hard time buying that because its a poor way to lead, though poor leadership seems to be the one thing we have down this year.
Jamaal Charles
Branden Albert
Derrick Johnson
Justin Houston
Tamba Hali
Jon AsamoahNFL.com – Pro Bowl Ballot
By a Lifelong Chief's Fan and Current Season Ticket Holder
Hurry, hurry hurry! Step right up and you will see, the biggest circus/sideshow in NFL HISTORYYY!
Led the way by Hunt and Pioli; another win this season, you must be joking!
Tyson Jackson, third overall a fact; a failed defensive end allergic to sacks!
Matt Cassel their leader on the turf; another failed Patriot, Pioli's serf!
Haley the coach with a hat never washed; it could have been worse, Scott's first choice was Josh!
Dexter McCluster, a one-time spark; the 2 nd in '10, we coulda had Gronk!
Tony Moeaki, a fine prospect; if not for health, might have Graham's talent!
Jon Baldwin's here to spark the offense; A. Dalton taken later, Pro Bowl he's sent!
Don't worry, Rick Stanzi was drafted in vain; the coaches have zero trust in his game!
Out with the hat, in with ted bear; it worked great in Cleveland, let's mimick their flair!
Behold the wonder of the strongman Poe, if only he knew his defensive role!
'Combine heroes we will not draft', Scott Pioli must think fans are daft.
Romeo, the man who can cover two roles; with Todd's past failure, shouldn't better they known?
Stanford Routt, the invisible man; his on field coverage, find no one can!
One minute he's here, the next he's not; Carr's replacement handpicked by Scott!
And now the main event, the stars you see; oh wait they were leftovers from the last regime!
Drafted by Carl and Herm Edwards; Pioli's not happy 'til it's his accord!
Berry and Houston, mighty fine picks; the rest of his drafts make fans sick!
Charles' talent wasted on bad seasons; Winston's fan comments are nothing but treason!
Dwayne Bowe their most talented wide out, next year replaced by equivalent of Routt!
Colquitt, Succop, the team's MVP's! 1-7, no leads, pathetic… you agree?
The Chiefs, the joke of the NFL; listen on game day at what fans yell!
Six bucks a ticket, fans in turmoil; what are you now, the NFL Royals?
Read the banners flying high in the clouds; watch the reduction in season ticket crowds!
Early fourth quarter, fans leaving en mass; to the defense, another Cassel pass!
So come on Clark, the fans have spoken! We want action, THIS FRANCHISE IS BROKEN!!
The way this season is going, if Cassel gets out there and isn't able to get anything going…Why not give Stanzi a shot? It's pretty obvious we're going to need to draft a qb anyway, why not use this oppotunity to see what we have on the benches?
- NFL Fantasy Football Recap Week 4: Kansas City Chiefs at Cincinnati Bengals ... - Sports World Report
- Maybe the Kansas City Chiefs just aren't that good - Arrowhead Pride (blog)
- Barbara Shelly: Whatever happens with the Chiefs, quarterback Alex Smith runs ... - Kansas City Star (blog)
- Chiefs running back Knile Davis sees his playing time diminish - Kansas City Star
- NFL odds Week 5: Kansas City Chiefs are big favorites over the Chicago Bears - Arrowhead Pride (blog)
- KC Chiefs' Albert Wilson listed as inactive - Kansas City Star (blog)
- Kansas City Chiefs at Cincinnati Bengals Preview - New York Times


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1UP Club HeadquartersWelcome to 1UP's Clubs home. Here's where you can join, create, and manage clubs on your favorite topics.
Tin's Clubs (7)
- Club Name
- Members
1UP_s Monthly ContestsEvery month 1UP.com gives away fabulous prizes like games, consoles, handhelds, etc... Have fun and good luck. Check back often to see what prizes are available this month.
- 4326
Halo 2Everything you need to know about the most-anticipated game coming to the XBOX this Fall.
- 1219
Halo 2 : BrotherhoodWelcome folks to this unofficial Halo 2 Pregame Lobby . we are halo 2 gamers . we play the game alot, we think about the game alot. we rape. we pillage. we snipe. jump. nade. BEAT DOWN. KILL FRENZY. GAME OVER on you ! Feel free to share your experience and meet others to play with. What's your gamertag?
- 1010
Naruto LoversThis is a club that is dedicated to the great manga and anime Naruto. But this club is not just restricted to only Naruto, you can talk about any other anime or manga you want!
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Halo SupremeTalk about Halo, Halo 2, or any game with the word halo in it. Talk team strategy, favorite maps, sweet spots in the levels, favorite weapons...Halo, Halo, Halo!
- 763
Halo2 Master OnlyOnly people that like Halo2 and is online in it
- 2
Chat Icons!For all your chat icon needs, come here. I have halo, dbz, fable, street fighter and many other chat icons.If you can find a better deal well club a baby seal, yeah thats right folks were clubbin baby seals for a better deal!
- 10


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Part-time housekeeper from Livonia, MI with 5 years of experience and a background check available upon request
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SAN FRANCISCO, CA – ODC, the San Francisco-based contemporary arts institution will be generating more than applause in the coming years. They will be generating their own electricity. Through a new crowd-lending campaign with CollectiveSun®, ODC has raised nearly $200,000 from their community for a solar power system. The community investors will be repaid at a 4.8% interest rate over 10 years.
Berkeley-based Sun Light & Power installed the 140 Canadian Solar, Inc. panels with 3 SMA Inverters on ODC's two buildings in the Mission district: ODC Theater and the ODC Dance Commons. Lee Barken, Chief Community Officer at CollectiveSun® said "Sun Light & Power is a natural partner for CollectiveSun® as we reach out to communities to support solar power for nonprofits. Since Sun Light & Power is committed to making a positive difference in the world, we were delighted to see them selected by Oberlin Dance Collective for their project in San Francisco's Mission District. Sun Light & Power has gone above and beyond to make this project a success."
SAN FRANCISCO, PRNewswire -- Attendee registration is now open for Intersolar North America, the most-attended solar industry exhibition and conference dedicated to the North American market. Year after year, the event brings together 18,000 solar executives, policymakers and advocates, as well as 1,500 conference delegates from around the world, to get the first look at new technologies and forge valuable business connections.
GTM Research predicts that the quickly growing U.S. solar market will be one of the world's three largest PV markets in 2015, which has generated much buzz among industry observers. As the first major U.S. solar event this year, Intersolar North America offers visitors dynamic discussions and unparalleled insight into the latest trends shaping the marketplace.
The exhibition floor and conference program will once again highlight innovations across the solar value chain, from both emerging start-ups and established market leaders. During 45 educational conference sessions, Intersolar North America's more than 200 distinguished speakers will provide unmatched insight into the technologies, policies and financing models driving down solar costs and expanding the market. The conference will be held from July 13 to 15 at the InterContinental Hotel, located at 888 Howard Street. Registration information and the schedule are now available online. Early-bird rates are available until June 5.
On the exhibition floor, visitors can see the products and services shaping the North American solar industry from 500 solar exhibitors and 50 energy storage companies. This year's exhibition, held from July 14 to 16 in San Francisco's Moscone Center West, features six dedicated exhibition segments, including the U.S. debut of special exhibition ees™ (electrical energy storage) the ideal platform for all stakeholders in the rapidly growing energy storage market. The exhibition will also host a variety of training sessions and installation workshops on behalf of Intersolar North America exhibitors and partners like the North American Board of Certified Energy Practitioners (NABCEP), Solar Energy International and the California Solar Energy Industries Association (CALSEIA).
Exhibition registration is free before May 8 and grants access to both Intersolar and ees™ North America (West Hall), as well as the premier event for the global microelectronics industry, SEMICON West (North/South Halls). Intersolar is co-organized by SEMI, the global industry association serving the manufacturing supply chain for the micro- and nano-electronics industry.
Sonoma, CA — Sonoma and Novato-based SolarCraft announced the completion of a 13.2 kW solar panel system at the First Congregation Church of Sonoma in Sonoma, CA. Designed and built by SolarCraft, the North Bay church's system will reduce their carbon footprint and offset almost 90% of their PG&E usage.
The solar photovoltaic system is roof mounted on the west facing roof of the Church's Burlingame Hall and consists of 48 LG 275-watt solar panels. The solar panels convert sunlight directly into electricity and is expected to generate approximately 17,969 kilowatt hours of energy annually, providing up to $4,700 in utility savings every year. Furthermore, Sonoma Clean Power's favorable rate for solar customers, which give credits for energy exported to the grid, will generate additional savings.
The researchers found that while economic incentives might not influence people to get units, behavior by neighbors does. They found that the more solar units in a neighborhood, the more likely a person was to get one.
That strategy would provide a lot more cheap power and toss in a little income redistribution on the side.
Solar industry folks were, not surprisingly, a tad skeptical of the study. Bernadette del Chiaro, executive director of the California Solar Energy Industries Association, told the Desert Sun in Palm Springs that the report was "absolutely laughable" and predicted that policymakers "are not going to take this seriously."
The report is scheduled to be presented in May at the Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems. It was partially funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, according to the Desert Sun.
A new study from Vanderbilt University and Sandia National Laboratories, set to be published next month, argues that peer influence has been a much greater factor than financial incentives in fueling California's solar renaissance.
But while it's long been accepted that people are more likely to go solar if they see other solar panels in their neighborhood, rooftop solar advocates are skeptical — to say the least — about the study's conclusions.
Bernadette del Chiaro, executive director of the California Solar Energy Industries Association, a Sacramento trade group, called the study's conclusions "absolutely laughable." Policymakers, she said, "are not going to take this seriously, because the rebate program has been undeniably successful."
"To say that the California rebate program had little to no effect on the adoption rates is absurd," del Chiaro said. "There is no other state that has seen the deployment of solar like California, and the deployment began with the beginning of this program."


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LEETOWN, W. Va. A distinct decline in horseshoe crab numbers has occurred that parallels climate change associated with the end of the last Ice Age, according to a study that used genomics to assess historical trends in population sizes.
The new research also indicates that horseshoe crabs numbers may continue to decline in the future because of predicted climate change, said Tim King, a scientist with the U.S. Geological Survey and a lead author on the new study published in Molecular Ecology.
While the current decline in horseshoe crabs is attributed in great part to overharvest for fishing bait and for the pharmaceutical industry, the new research indicates that climate change also appears to have historically played a role in altering the numbers of successfully reproducing horseshoe crabs. More importantly, said King, predicted future climate change, with its accompanying sea-level rise and water temperature fluctuations, may well limit horseshoe crab distribution and interbreeding, resulting in distributional changes and localized and regional population declines, such as happened after the last Ice Age.
"Using genetic variation, we determined the trends between past and present population sizes of horseshoe crabs and found that a clear decline in the number of horseshoe crabs has occurred that parallels climate change associated with the end of the last Ice Age," said King.
The research substantiated recent significant declines in all areas where horseshoe crabs occur along the West Atlantic Coast from Maine to Florida and the eastern Gulf of Mexico, with the possible exception of a distinct population along the Yucatan Peninsula of Mexico
These findings, combined with the results of a 2005 study by King and colleagues, have important implications for the welfare of wildlife that rely on nutrient-rich horseshoe crab eggs for food each spring.
For example, Atlantic loggerhead sea turtles, wh
|Contact: Catherine Puckett
United States Geological Survey


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The BigFoot MACPRO 24" Drawer is designed to mate with BigFoot MAC N' Rack or MACPRO based full size carts. Constructed with high-quality 1/8" anodized material, the drawer is outfitted for shock mounting your computer with 1" (2.54cm) a padded base and the surrounding foam.
The drawer includes 2" (5.1cm) adjustable buckle straps to keep your Mac safe and secure during transportation and easy access for internal computer maintenance, etc. The drawer includes HD drawer slides, HD pull handle, and locking latch.


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Art and Culture Trade Shows ChinaIn China 540 fairs take place in 31 cities. Of the 540 fairs are 5 Art and Culture Trade Shows. The mayority of the fairs in China are Industry Trade Shows, Trade Fairs for Machine Construction and Food Fairs.
CCFA Cosmopolitan Cultures & Fine Art Fair
Exhibition of art and culture
Audience: professional visitors and general public
Macao, Macau
Fairs, that could be interesting for you
Musical Instruments Trade Shows Image Processing Events Handicrafts & Gifts Trade Shows Design Trade Shows Industry Trade Shows Printing & Publishing Trade Shows Technology Trade Shows Food Trade Shows Lighting Fairs Furnishing Shows Gift Trade Shows Trade Shows for Interior Design Electronics Trade Shows Deco Fairs & Exhibitions Conventions and Photography Trade Shows Handicrafts Trade Shows Trade Fairs for Handwork Architectural Trade Fairs Trade Fairs for building services engineering Culture Faires
China Yiwu Cultural Products Trade Fair CCPF
Fair for cultural products
Audience: professional visitors and general public
Yiwu, Zhejiang
Photo & Imaging
International photographic equipment and digital imaging exhibition
Audience: professional visitors and general public
Shanghai, Shanghai
Design + Build
Sourcing fair for the areas of design and construction
Audience: professional visitors only
Shanghai, Shanghai
Cross-Strait Suzhou Buddhist Culture and Products Exhibition
Exhibition of Buddhism Culture
Audience: professional visitors and general public
Suzhou, Jiangsu
Here you find the requested Art and Culture Trade Shows trade showsExhibition calendar with current Art and Culture Trade Shows in China sorted by city:
Macao (1)
Shanghai (2)
Suzhou (1)
Yiwu (1)
The Venetian Macao-Resort-Hotel Convention & Exhibition Center
Av. Xian Xing Hai NAPE
Macao, China
Av. Xian Xing Hai NAPE
Macao, China
Yiwu International Expo Center
No.59 Zongze Road
322000 Yiwu, China
No.59 Zongze Road
322000 Yiwu, China


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Frankston City Council website
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10am to 3pm. Ballam Park, Cranbourne Road, Frankston
Frankston City's older residents can experience quality, free and low-cost events designed just for them.
Posted: Tuesday 6 October 2015
Over the coming weeks in Frankston South at Casuarina and Paratea neighbourhoods
Works continue to significantly improve Wells Street.
Posted: Tuesday 15 September 2015
Council welcomes your feedback by Friday 9 October
Posted: Monday 14 September 2015
To ensure public safety during construction of new a Telecommunications Facility
Posted: Friday 11 September 2015
Being distributed to letterboxes during the week of 14 September 2015.
Posted: Tuesday 8 September 2015
The latest Notification of Works in Frankston City.
10 October 2015
10 October 2015
Kick start your garden this spring with this free workshop.
11 October 2015
11 October 2015
Over 100 stall holders operating every Sunday.
11 October 2015
Treat your pet and the whole family to a fantastic FREE day.
12 October 2015
9 November 2015
Information on Strengthening your core muscles after childbirth.
15 October 2015
15 October 2015
Come enjoy a meal in the sun at Community Support Frankston.
17 October 2015
18 October 2015
Experience the excitement of the Festival of Rugby.
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Until recently, General Qassem Soleimani, the commander of the Iranian Revolutionary Guards "Quds" Force, was still being hailed as a military hero and man for the future. But more and more details are emerging concerning his destructive role in Iraq. By Ali SadrzadehMore
In his two documentary films, Ayat Najafi has focused on women who are fighting for change in Iran. Marian Brehmer talked to him about his projects and the difficulties faced by Iranian filmmakersMore
In this commentary, Charlotte Wiedemann considers how press freedom and the media are tethered to Western geopoliticsMore
Amir Reza Kohestani is currently the most sought-after theatre director in Iran. David Siebert talked to him about censorship, the enthusiasm for theatre among young Iranians and the new cultural freedom under President RouhaniMore
The recent capture of Sanaa by Zaidi fighters was celebrated in the Iranian media as a "victory for the revolutionaries". The Arab press, by contrast, accused Iran of trying to influence events in Yemen after already getting involved in Iraq and Syria. The conflict increasingly threatens to be seen as an exclusively Sunni–Shia power struggle. By Ali SadrzadehMore
One year into his tenure, Iran's President Hassan Rouhani has entered the first precarious phase of his presidency. The challenges at home are becoming more urgent, his political adversaries more outspoken and the setbacks more frequent and severe. The turf war within Iran's political establishment is intensifying. By Adnan TabatabaiMore
In her essay, Maria Koomen examines the important role played by music in the history of Iran, in particular since the Islamic revolution of 1979More
The film "Asabani Nistam!" (I'm not angry!) was the only Iranian entry at this year's Berlinale film festival. On screen, young Iranians vent their anger and frustration at the day-to-day economic hardship and the general hopelessness of Mahmoud Ahmadinejad's term as president. Igal Avidan spoke to the director and producer Reza DormishianMore
Ever since Hassan Rouhani assumed the office of Iranian president, optimism has been growing among Tehran's intellectuals. Nevertheless, no one is taking any chances; past experience has shown that this would be unwise. Marina Forti reports from the Iranian capitalMore
Iran's conservatives – whose representatives were defeated by Hassan Rouhani in the presidential election earlier this year – have maintained their grip on power in important areas of state such as the judiciary, the armed forces, the Revolutionary Guard and the security forces. Because the liberal Rouhani does not want to wage war on two fronts, it is inevitable that he will disappoint his supporters. A commentary by Rudolph ChimelliMore
Media scholar Marcus Michaelsen's study about the role played by the Internet in the Iranian reform movement shows that blogging for regime change is a serious business. The resulting book is no Facebook thriller, but the story of blanket media suppression at national level. By Sarah SchaschekMore
Hassan Rouhani has now been sworn in as Iran's new President. The expectations for the moderate leader are high. But he is facing complex domestic and external challenges, as Shahram Ahadi reportsMore
The phenomenon of temporary marriage in the Islamic Republic of Iran is explored in the documentary In the Bazaar of Sexes. The film's female director, Sudabeh Morterzai, gives viewers a rare insight into a very complex society. Marian Brehmer watched the filmMore
People in Iran – and women in particular – have long known that not much is private in the Islamic Republic of Iran: the state is all too fond of monitoring and trying to control what its citizens do in private. But when a cult TV figure starts telling the nation that there should be no distinction between the public and the private in the Islamic Republic, it does not bode well for the future. By Ali SadrzadehMore
The everyday lives of the Iranian people look set to be dominated by rationing and food coupons. And four months ahead of presidential elections, a bitter power struggle has been raging – one that is turning out to be a veritable struggle for survival for some of those involved. By Ali SadrzadehMore
Iran's moral guardians are concerned: while Islam is increasing in political importance throughout the Arab world, people in the Islamic Republic of Iran are leaving the mosques in droves. As Ali Sadrzadeh found out, young people seem especially susceptible to the attractions of sects or ChristianityMore
Around the world some 1.5 billion Muslims are currently celebrating Islam's principal annual festival: Eid-ul-Adha, or the Festival of Sacrifice. The festival lasts for four days, during which time Muslims traditionally greet each other with the words "Eid Mubarak" or "Blessed holidays!"


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Qualified Handyman Pros
Local Cocoa Beach, Florida Handyman Services:
Blue Tide Construction LLC is a certified residential contracting company located in Brevard county.We specialize in remodels, additions,and repairs.We offer friendly, easy to talk to customer service...
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By reading reviews posted by your neighbors, you can hire the Cocoa Beach Florida handyman you want, and be assured of their professionalism.
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Melbourne, FL Indialantic, FL Cape Canaveral, FL Cocoa, FL Patrick Afb, FL Satellite Beach, FL Melbourne Beach, FL Merritt Island, FL Rockledge, FL Sharpes, FL
US Census Information for Cocoa Beach, Florida
Population 11,231 Population age 25-29 392 Male population age 15-19 269 Female population age 15-19 196 Female population age 35-39 186


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- April 2, 2014
( 52)
SocialEngage is a social media engagement and publishing platform that helps organizations of all sizes engage and track conversations about their brands on the real-time web. Now supporting multiple social networks!
Social Media is a 24/7 responsibility! SocialEngage for Android allows users to stay connected and never miss a chance to engage with fans and followers.
Social Media is a 24/7 responsibility! SocialEngage for Android allows users to stay connected and never miss a chance to engage with fans and followers.
With SocialEngage for Android you can update Twitter, respond on Facebook, assign to your teammates, categorize conversations, schedule updates, monitor keywords, track trends with tagging, and more!
If you are interested in learning more about SocialEngage visit exacttarget.com/social
Crashes Still crashes all the time
Doesn't Work On Droid Maxx
This is an amazing product. Super intuitive! Love it!!
Authentication hanging... I have tried to login on two devices (EVO 4G/XOOM) and cannot get the app to authenticate the account. A popup box quickly disappears and then nothing. No errors or notifications. In fact, there are also no buttons to press. I am trying to "start" the app with the keyboard's 'ENTER' button. I REALLY want to try this out and get going... HELP!
Must have enterprise level account, our else you cannot log in. I logged in just fine!
Even with enterprise account app sucks Yes, you need an enterprise account, but even with one, this app constantly fc's and usually needs me to open and close several times to get tweets.
What's New
*Bug Fixes
Account analytics for Instagram creates statistics analyzing your account


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The Republic of TeaEdit Company
Popular Teas from The Republic of TeaSee All 301 Teas
Popular Teaware from The Republic of TeaSee All
Recent Tasting Notes
I admit it. I am a brazen, unappoligetic rooibos fiend! Rooibos, I think, is especially good in the fall. Impatient for autumn, my favorite season to begin, I purchased this autumnal tea. The State Fair of Virginia happens in late September where luscious apples from the Shennadoah Valley can be had covered with rich, gooey caramel. Oh what a treat on a crisp fall night on the midway! Ahhh, autumn dreaming.
I happened upon this tea today at a local natural foods market and thought I'd give it a go in an attempt to feed my fall fantasy and my rooibos cravings. And you know what? This rooibos actually tastes of sweet juicy apples with a pretty decent note of caramel across the palate on the end. It's like a caramelly candy apple in a cup. The rich rooibos supports the apple and caramel flavors quite nicely. I think the secret to getting the most flavor out of this tea is limiting the water to six ounces and going a bit over the seven minute steeping time. Eight minutes worked great. For a twelve ounce mug I believe I'd use two bags – There's a generous 36 sachets to a tin.
I can't wait to drink this on a brisk autumn evening. Come on September!
Flavors: Apple, Candy, Caramel, Sweet
So I have been very busy and I have had a lot going on! I am sorry I haven't been logging my tea! But I have, to be sure, been drinking it!
I babysat for my cousin and she gave me some tea along with my pay, because she's awesome. (And because four days with two excitable boys is a little crazy.)
She gave me two—this stuff, and Stash Peppermint tea. I'll get to that later.
This stuff though—I was SO EXCITED for. I LOVE berries, and I LOVE LOVE LOVE sage. I've had a really good High Mountain Atlas Sage at a little place in Charlottesville, and the Sage was SO LOVELY.
I thought this tea would be so great!
And, well, it was but… hmm.. I guess I feel like I was lacking on the flavours.
There is a light, smooth berry flavour, which I like a lot. It doesn't need a lot of sugar, and I like that. But it wasn't an immediate taste, either, and one thing that really (I mean really) disappointed me was that I could hardly taste any sage at all. Some sips it seemed like there was no sage. None. And to me, that's false advertising, to label a tea as one flavour or combination, and then not deliver.
However, I do like this tea. It's not bad, it's smooth and has enough taste to be good, and it gives a nice boost in energy without giving the jitters.
And I love Republic of Teas round teabags!
Question though: what's a really good sage tea, with a pretty obvious sage flavour? I need some!!
Flavors: Blackberry
Drank some of this at work and smiled as it reminded me of Butiki's organic Spring Twist.
Sweet, yet with the vegetable taste… such a wonderful cup for what $6/ounce… it's a pretty good deal for the quality … which I did not expect from Republic of Tea (aka, one reason it's in a baggie where I store my highlighters :p )
p.s. this is the loose leaf version I had/have
This smells exactly like a Mounds bar! The chocolate, the coconut, the sweetness – everything! I'm pretty excited to try this one. The dry blend appears to be just coconut flakes and tea. The liquid brews up dark and is just the slightest bit bitter. I'm not tasting as much coconut as I would like, but it's a good cup. It's moderately strong and definitely caffeinated.
Flavors: Bitter, Candy, Chocolate, Coconut, Sweet
This doesn't smell like much coming out of the container, maybe just a little tart, but once the water hits the leaves it has a wonderful autumnal apple cider fragrance. The color is a deep berry red, which I expected from the hibiscus. It does taste very tart and a little artificial. I'm sure that's coming from the stevia. I added a little honey and this tea really comes alive. The apple flavor really comes through and I can definitely taste something like cider.
Flavors: Apple, Artificial, Tart
I can smell and taste the pineapple but I'm not sure I've ever had lychee so I can't say whether or not I'm tasting it. This is also a bit astringent. I like the flavor but not as much as their Coconut Hibiscus tea.
Flavors: Astringent, Pineapple
1TBSP + 1TSP of Tea, 32oz Water
Such an array of complex and musty flavors. I wasn't sure if I liked this, but the more I drank it the more I enjoyed it. I did not wash the leaves first, just steeped them right away, which I think added to such complex flavor. I don't know if I would say that there is a meatiness to this, but a definite robustness that tastes woodsy.
Flavors: Autumn Leaf Pile, Decayed wood, Dust, Fur, Green Wood, Hay, Mineral, Mushrooms, Plant Stems, Wet Earth, Yeasty
I binged watched the entire 5 seasons of Downton Abbey in less than a month's time.
I am not proud of that.
Anyways, now that I got that out of the way … this tea.
Ginger is not my favorite flavor, but I have grown towards the taste of it since I started drinking tea. I am finding it more tolerable. This tea has got the biggest bite of it, so if that's your thing you will love this tea. THE GINGER JUST LINGERS.
I don't find it smooth, but I do enjoy it now and again. It's not one I reach for every day, but rather something I'll have when I need a bite.
Flavors: Biting, Ginger
Made a jug of this to battle the nasty hot weather we've been having. Don't shoot me, anyone ,but I'm looking forward to fall so I can enjoy my hot teas again!
I cold brewed this one today. It was nice. Not fantastic, but nice. My brother is here to stay for the weekend and he liked it better than I did. He added sugar to his, but I am not a fan of sugar. He knew right away from the smell that it is watermelon. I'll be happy to drink the rest of the tin, but I don't think I'll buy it again.
I have a love hate relationship with Yerbe Mate. I either think that it tastes literal butter mashed with land grass and perhaps some cannabis on the side (I hate the smell of it), or buttery greenness that can go with almost anything. They are good as chais. They are good with flavors and cream. They are also good with chocolate, which is what this is, and it is one of the closest teas that you can get to a mocha, yet not the first nor the best example to do so.
How they are near to accomplishing this task is by using a roasted mate and chicory for the base, which provides the coffee like aroma and taste. The cocoa umphs up the mocha parallel. So, what you get is a roasted, light herbal cocoa with an extra kick of caffeine.
Cream, sugar, and honey can work with this, but more so with the sugar. I personally think that it doesn't need anything. Honestly, this is best as an alternative to coffee for those who want something different, want a light hot cocoa, or trying to give up their coffee. This is one of the tea drinker's mochas, but one of many others nonetheless.
Flavors: Cocoa, Coffee, Dirt, Roast nuts, Roasted
This is a cool idea for bagging a matcha. Sencha is the leaf base of this tea, with the powder diffusing in the smaller pores of the biodegradable bag. I really don't need to describe this tea in detail if you know what a Sencha and a Matcha taste like. If you don't, it's clean, green, grassy, and sea mist goodness. Matcha is probably one of the healthiest drinks out there without sugar and cream added, and you can definitely drink this one without those additives. It comes very close to Aiya's ceremonial matcha in terms of taste, but only lighter and not quite as fresh though still good quality matcha.
I'd highly recommend this tea if you want to try Matcha, Sencha, or are looking to budget for a matcha if you can't find a close, cheaper Asian market. Though 13 bucks may seem hefty, you are getting 50 tea bags out of it-A LOT OF TEA.
Flavors: Freshly Cut Grass, Grass, Seaweed, Sweet, Vegetal
I have to say, I didn't think that I would like Rooibos plain, but I did. I especially wonder what it tastes like as a pure matcha now. This is the closest that I can get to it then, I really like it. If you know what a rooibos tastes like, then there's really nothing further to add then citrusy, sweet yet partially creamy candy. With the added powder, the enhanced profile almost reminds me of the smell and taste of dates. I may buy it again, but otherwise I'll be saving my money for other teas.
Flavors: Citrus, Dates, Nutty, Sweet
I actually got this as a loose leaf at Schuler's Books in a french press. I really enjoyed it (and need to find better verbs than "enjoyed"). The day was frigid in East Lansing, and I was hanging out with one of my friends in desperate need of warmth and conversation. I got both while drinking this tea.
Rooibos is an interesting one, being an herbal, but also being naturally sweet and almost citrusy, yet oddly smooth and maybe creamy like a candy. The vanilla adds more cream to it, and while Vanilla is either overused as a flavor or just the right accent, it was a good pick for the rooibos. It's vanilla profile was also enhanced by having actual vanilla beans with the flavor.
I would be willing to buy this if I was looking for a good Rooibos that I could afford, but I wouldn't immediately go to this one. I linger back and forth from this to an Early Grey version if I could find it. There might be other vanilla rooibos that are better, but this one is still pretty good.
Flavors: Candy, Citrus, Vanilla
I got this one at a Schuler Books and Music store in the form of an iced tea, and it was exactly what I needed at that moment. This tea is naturally sweet, and tart making sugar unnecessary. I primarily tasted the black tea body which was smooth and slightly astringent, but complimented nicely with the black berry and accented by the sage. Very refreshing. Also, I got both the loose leaf version and this one, which are pretty similar…they must have pre-brewed it and then put it in the fridge.
I wonder how it would have tasted hot, but I wouldn't go out of my way to buy my own tin of it. Still, I was amazed that a chain bookstore coffee shop offered this quality of tea, and I would definitely buy it again as an individual option.
Flavors: Astringent, Blackberry, Sage, Sweet, Tart
Tasting #1 – Steep Time 2 Minutes
Strong floral aroma, very light flavor.
Tasting #2 – Steep Time 4 Minutes
Strong floral aroma, and the taste of the jasmine is coming through quite strong.
Tasting #3 – Steep Time 6 Minutes
Strong floral aroma, the tea is finally starting to balance the flavor of the jasmine so it isn't so overpowering.
Overall, I do prefer jasmine pearls rather than this because I get more tea flavor over the jasmine. But, if green tea is something that intimidates you because of the grassy flavor or bitterness, this would be a good way to get into green tea since the jasmine will mask those flavors.
Cold Brew (PREFERRED)
1TBSP + 1TSP Tea, 32oz Water
I am changing my recommendation from "no" to "YES" after tasting this cold brew. I'm not a fan of the floral or any other additional flavors in tea. I much prefer my tea to be grassy and earthy. But when cold brewed, I think this tea in particular has the perfect balance. I can still taste the green tea underneath the brightness of jasmine, which adds some complexity to this tea for me. Absolutely delicious and refreshing!
Flavors: Jasmine