text:
|Número de publicación
|Tipo de publicación
|Número de solicitud
|Fecha de publicación
|27 Ene 2004
|Fecha de presentación
|5 Ene 2000
|Fecha de prioridad
|5 Ene 2000
|Número de publicación
|James J. Willkie, Clifton Eugene Scott
|Cesionario original
|Qualcomm, Incorporated
|Exportar cita
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Citas de patentes (5), Citada por (26), Clasificaciones (14), Eventos legales (4)
|Enlaces externos: USPTO, Cesión de USPTO, Espacenet
I. Field of the Invention
The invention relates to communication systems. More particularly, the invention relates to communication of digital data over a shared link.
II. Description of the Related Art
FIG. 1 is an exemplifying embodiment of a terrestrial wireless communication system 10. FIG. 1 shows three remote units 12A, 12B and 12C and two base stations 14. In reality, typical wireless communication systems may have many more remote units and base stations. In FIG. 1, the remote unit 12A is shown as a mobile telephone unit installed in a car. FIG. 1 also shows the portable computer remote unit 12B and the fixed location remote unit 12C such as might be found in a wireless local loop or meter reading system. In the most general embodiment, the remote units may be any type of communication unit. For example, the remote units can be hand-held personal communication system (PCS) units, portable data units such as a personal data assistant, or fixed location data units such as meter reading equipment. FIG. 1 shows a forward link signal 18 from the base stations 14 to the remote units 12 and a reverse link signal 20 from the remote units 12 to the base stations 14.
In the discussion that follows, to aid in illustration, the invention is described with reference to a commonly known, wireless link industry standard and the accompanying data standards which have been developed for use in conjunction with that standard. In fact, the generic principles of the invention can be directly applied to many environments. The discussion that follows assumes operation in accordance with the system described in TIA/EIA/IS-95-A published by the Telephone Industry Association entitled "Mobile Station-Base Station Compatibility Standard for Dual-Mode Wideband Spread Spectrum Cellular System" commonly referred to as IS-95.
In addition, a family of data transmission standards compatible with IS-95 have been adopted to provide data services over a wireless link. Examples of data services are FAX, digital file transfer, network access, standard modem functions and the like. An early standard is described in TIA/EIA/IS-99 entitled "Data Services Option Standard for Wideband Spread Spectrum Digital Cellular System." Another more recent standard is described in TIA/EIA/IS-707 entitled "Data Service Options for Spread Spectrum Systems." The IS-99 and IS-707 define radio link protocols which allow the remote unit to emulate standard modem functions. In addition to these two standards, TIA/EIA/IS-657 entitled "Packet Data Services Option for Wideband Spread Spectrum Systems" defines a radio link protocol which allows the remote unit to pass packetized data over the wireless link.
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a standard remote unit 36 which comprises voice and data functionality. A central control unit 26 controls all of the functions needed for wireless voice and data services in addition to personal interface management (PIM), such as voice recording and play back. For example, the central control unit 26 may receive a telephone number entered by a user via a keypad 34 and command a communication unit 24 to establish a voice call to that telephone number.
The communication unit 24 provides the actual wireless voice and wireless data access capability in addition to other inherent functions such as voice playback, translation of wireless voice data to digital format for storage by the central control unit 26 and indications of wireless access status. In one embodiment, the communication unit 24 communicates with a base station according to IS-95. The communication unit 24 exchanges audio signals with a earpiece/microphone unit 28.
A display 30 is used to provide visual information to the remote unit user. The central control unit 26 passes information received from both the keypad 34 and the communication unit 24 to the display 30. For example, the central control unit 26 receives information about the current signal level received from the base station and passes the information to the display 30 where it is displayed for the user—whether or not a wireless channel has been established. In addition, the central control unit 26 passes information concerning the current wireless status to the display 30 during a call. For example, the display 30 may indicate that the channel is connected, disconnected or in the process of being connected. When an incoming call is detected by the communication unit 24, the central control unit 26 enables a ringer 36 to alert the user.
In one embodiment, the central process 26 passes digital data between the communication unit 24 and an external source (not shown) directly. The transfer of data to and from the external source is accomplished by way of a external serial connector 32. For example, a lap top or personal computer running a data service or a diagnostic monitor may be attached to the remote unit 36 via the external serial connector 32. In another embodiment, the central control unit 26 passes serial data directly to and from a lap top or personal computer without involvement from the communication unit 24.
In addition to cellular phones, other forms of portable electronics have become prevalent in the business and personal sectors. One device which is becoming increasingly popular is the personal data assistant (PDA). A PDA is like a miniature palm-held computer which allows the user to perform basic computer functions such as word processing, scheduling, spreadsheets and other such functions.
In order to increase the utility of a PDA, wireless functionality has been introduced to the PDA. When PDA and wireless functions are combined into a single unit having a common palm-sized casing, the resulting unit is referred to as a smartphone. A smartphone may send and retrieve e-mail, access the Internet, act as a pager and cellular telephone and provide many other wireless functions.
When the functionality of a remote unit is combined with the functionality of a PDA, typically a single display is used to provide information concerning the wireless link and concerning the operations of the PDA. For example, the same screen which is used to display the dialed digits and the received signal strength is also used to display e-mail messages and soft key functions. Therefore, the central processor in the remote unit must communicate with a central processor of the PDA to provide such information for display. In addition to wireless status, other functionality in the smartphone may require the transfer of information between the two portions of the smartphone. For example, the smartphone may incorporate an answering machine or voice-memo function. The digital voice samples may be stored in memory associated with the PDA portion of the smartphone. The samples are passed to the remote unit portion of the smartphone when accessed by the user so that the vocoder and speaker portion of the remote unit may be used to replay the message. In a like manner, when an incoming message is recorded, digital voice samples must be passed from the remote unit portion of the smartphone to the PDA portion.
When building a remote unit module for integration into a smartphone, it is advantageous to avoid extensive modification of the existing remote unit design. In this way, development costs as well as on-going production costs may be reduced due to economies of scale.
When an electronic device is designed such that a first plurality of modules communicate with a second plurality of modules over a common data link, some means of controlling the flow of data and regulating access to the common data link must be used. In some environments, it is advantageous if the modules themselves operate transparent to the use of the common data link. For example, the modules may be designed as part of an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) which is configured to be directly connected to a set of modules rather than connected over a common data link. In order to avoid re-designing the ASIC to operate over a common data link, it is advantageous if the modules themselves operate in the same manner as if a direct connection existed.
However, a problem is encountered when an attempt is made to use the available digital connector on a remote unit to transfer more than one type of information. For example, referring again to FIG. 2, when IS-99 FAX data is being received and passed over the external serial connector 32, the protocol used to transfer the data assumes a dedicated link over the external serial connector 32. In particular, the protocol used assumes that all information is passed to a common destination. If during the transfer of an IS-99 FAX, the remote unit has updated wireless status information for the display, no means exists to transfer the information over the external serial connector 32 during the IS-99 FAX transfer because the IS-99 transfer preempts the transfer of any other type of data.
Therefore, there is a need in the art for a means of transferring data between multiple entities over a single serial link. The invention fulfills this need in an efficient manner.
One embodiment of the invention comprises a method of communicating between multiple entities over a common data link using a QUALCOMM multiplex interface protocol (QMIP) unit. The QMIP unit receives and stores data information from a first set of modules. For example, the first set of modules can be functional modules within a wireless access unit or they can be application modules within a smartphone. In one embodiment, the QMIP unit comprises a memory configured to be a queue which stores an indication of the module and the information. The QMIP unit also receives and stores a flow control indication from each module of a first set of modules. The flow control indication is indicative as to whether each module of the first set of modules is capable of receiving data. For example, if the entity communicating with the module from the far side of the common data link has filled the data input queue of the module, the module sets the flow control indication to signal the far-side entity to cease the transmission of data to the module. The QMIP unit creates a frame which carries the data information and the flow control indication corresponding to one of the first set of modules. The QMIP unit forwards the frame over the common data link.
At the far end of the data link, the receiving QMIP unit receives the frame and parses the flow control indication and the data information from the frame. The receiving QMIP forwards the flow control indication and the data information to a destination module. The destination module processes the data according to normal procedures. In addition, the destination module responds to the flow control indication by ceasing the transmission of data to the sending module if so indicated.
In a general embodiment of the invention, a digital apparatus has a first set of modules. Each module has a data input, a data output and a flow control output. Each module is configured to provide a flow control indication at the flow control output if unable to accept additional data at the data input.
A first connection module, such as the QMIP unit, has a transmission input coupled to the data output of each module of the first set of modules. The first connection module also has a flow control input coupled to the flow control output of each module of the first set of modules. The first connection unit also has a transmission output. The first connection module is configured to receive information from the transmission input and to create a frame comprising the information and the flow control indication corresponding to one of the first set of modules. The first connection unit produces the frame on the transmission output.
A common data link connects the first connection module to a second connection module. The common data link has a first input coupled to the transmission output of the first connection module and has a first output. The common data link is configured to pass the frame from the first input to the first output.
The second connection module has a reception input coupled to the first output of the common data link and has a flow control output and a data output. The second connection module is configured to parse the frame and to pass the flow control indication and the information to an intended module from a second set of modules from the flow control output and the data output, respectively.
The features, objectives, and advantages of the invention will become more apparent from the detailed description set forth below when taken in conjunction with the drawing:
FIG. 1 is an exemplary embodiment of a terrestrial wireless communication system.
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a standard remote unit which comprises voice and data functionality.
FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing a standard configuration for a smartphone.
FIG. 4 is a block diagram representatively illustrating the functional and applicational modules within a smartphone.
FIG. 5 is a flowchart showing the operation of the QMIP unit.
FIG. 6 is a representative drawing showing the elements of an exemplifying frame created by the QMIP.
The invention is described herein with reference to a wireless telecommunication environment in order to illustrate the basic principles of the invention. However, the invention has broad applicability to a variety of situations in which a data link is used to transfer data between a plurality of entities.
FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing a standard configuration for a smartphone 50. The smartphone 50 is comprised of a wireless access unit 76 which performs wireless functions and a number of other elements which support the functions of a personal data assistant. In one embodiment, the wireless access unit 76 comprises an antenna, a central control unit and an earpiece/microphone unit. Among other functions, the wireless access unit 76 performs the over-the-air operations, the processing of requests for origination and detection of incoming voice, data and test mode calls, wireless status monitoring, short message handling (such as IS-637 paging messages), IS-99, IS-657 and IS-707 data services functions, diagnostic functions and audio control for the earpiece and microphone. Therefore, if a voice signal is received over the wireless link, the wireless access unit 76 processes the signal and outputs an audible signal for the smartphone user. If a digital data signal is received over the wireless link, the wireless access unit 76 passes the received data over a data link such as a serial link 74. In another embodiment, the data link may be a parallel link or other type of data bus.
In addition to the digital data information, the wireless access unit 76 provides wireless link status information and diagnostic information to a system controller 66 over the serial link 74. The system controller 66 acts as an interface between the wireless access unit 76 and the remainder of the smartphone 50. For example, when an incoming call is detected by the wireless access unit 76, it passes a ring indication over the serial link 74 to the system controller 66. The system controller 66 passes the ring indication to a ringer 64. The ringer 64 attempts to alert the smartphone user such as by producing an audible sound, or a vibration. If the user answers the incoming call, the system controller 66 passes an off-hook indication to the wireless access unit 76 over the serial link 74.
If a digital data call is received, the wireless access unit 76 passes the digital information over the serial link 74. If the digital information is FAX data or other serial data stream such as IS-707.4 compliant data, the information is routed to a serial data handling entity such as FAX 60. If the information is an e-mail message or other packetized data stream such as IS-707.5 compliant data, the information is routed to a packet data handling entity such as e-mail module 54.
When the smartphone user wishes to place an outgoing voice call, he may enter a number of digits using a user interface 62. The user interface 62 may be a standard key board, a soft-key system, a mouse, a touch screen system which works in conjunction with a display 52 or any other means by which the user may pass information to the smartphone 50. The system controller 66 passes the dialed digits to the wireless access unit 76 within a command to initiate a telephone call.
The wireless access unit 76 passes information concerning wireless status to the system controller 66. The system controller 66 passes some of the information to the display 52 where it is displayed for the user. For example, smartphones typically display an indication of the current received signal strength being received from the base station by the wireless access unit 76. This information is passed repeatedly from the wireless access unit 76 to the system controller 66 and to the display 52 even during an active call.
In one embodiment, the smartphone 50 also comprises a voice mail function 56. If a voice call is received through the wireless access unit 76 and the user is not available to answer the call, the smartphone 50 may record a message for later retrieval by the user. The wireless access unit 76 receives digital voice samples over the wireless link. Instead of decoding the digital voice signals and outputting audio signals over an earpiece, the wireless access unit 76 passes the digital voice samples over the serial link 74 to the system unit controller 66. The system controller 66 forwards the digital voice samples to a memory storage location within the voice mail function 56. When the user retrieves the voice mail, the system unit controller 66 passes the digital voice samples from the voice mail function 56 to the wireless access unit 76 over the serial link 74. The wireless access unit 76 decodes the stored voice samples and outputs the resultant signal over the earpiece.
The smartphone 50 may connect to an external data source such as if the smartphone is placed in a dock and connected to a computer. In this case, information may be passed over an external connector 82. For example, a wireless connection may communicate serial data or packetized data between an externally connected component and a base station. Digital data is received from the external connector 82 and passed to the system controller 66. The system controller 66 passes the information over the serial link 74 to the wireless access unit 76 for transmission over the wireless link. An analogous reverse path is also established.
FIG. 4 is a block diagram functionally illustrating the operation of the smartphone 50. The wireless access unit 76 is shown to have an antenna 100, a transceiver 102 and various functional modules 104A through 104N. For example, the diagnostic functional module 104A provides diagnostic functionality such as monitoring current signal strengths. The voice functional module 104B provides vocoding and other functions associated with the transmission and reception of audio signals. The data services functional module 104C provides data services functions as described above. The wireless access unit can comprise other functional modules as represented by functional module 104N.
When integrating the wireless access unit 76 into a smartphone 50, it is advantageous that the functional modules 104A-104N operate in the same manner as if the wireless access unit 76 were the main component of a standard telephone unit. In this way, the wireless access unit. 76 is truly modular and can be used to implement wireless functions for a variety of different equipment. In other words, it is advantageous if the coupling of the remainder of the smartphone 50 is transparent to the functional modules 104A-104N.
An issue arises when one or more of the functional modules 104A-104N are operating contemporaneously. In general, several of the functional modules 104A-104N operate contemporaneously in standard operation. For example, typically the diagnostic functional module 104A operates continually whether or not one or more of the other functional modules is operating. In addition, it is common for the voice functional module 104B to operate at the same time as one or more of the data functional modules so that a user may use the smartphone 50 as a telephone while continuing to transmit fax information or to receive an e-mail message, for example. In a simple telephone unit, each of the functional modules 104A-104N is directly coupled to a corresponding application module 108A-108N. However, as noted above, in the case of the wireless access unit 76 within the smartphone 50, the functional modules 104A-104N interface with the other components of the smartphone 50 through the shared serial interface 74, also shown in FIG. 4.
In addition to the wireless access unit 76, the smartphone 50 contains the application modules 108A-108N. For example, the user interface application module 108A receives input from the human user of the smartphone 50. The TCP/IP stack application module 108B operates the web browser or e-mail applications on the smartphone 50. The fax application module 108C transmits and receives fax information. Likewise, the smartphone 50 may contain other application modules as represented by the application module 108N. Some means of multiplexing communication over the serial interface 74 is needed to facilitate communication between the application modules and functional modules. In FIG. 4, the functional modules 104A-104N and the application modules 108A-108N can be thought of as logical or virtual circuits. In one embodiment, each of these modules represents a portion of software, hardware including general purpose circuits as well as application-specific circuits, and firmware.
Typically, the wireless link is not capable of transmitting data as quickly as it can be transferred over the serial interface 74. For example, if the TCP/IP stack application module 108B is forwarding an e-mail message for transmission over the wireless link, the TCP/IP stack application module 108B can transmit data over the serial interface 74 to the functional module 104C at a faster rate than the data services functional module 104C can forward the data over the wireless link via the transceiver 102 and the antenna 100. For this reason, some means of flow control over the serial interface 74 is necessary in order to avoid overflowing the memory storage capability of the data service functional module 104C. The flow control process must take place on a module-by-module basis.
Therefore, on each side of the serial interface 74, a QUALCOMM multiplex interface protocol (QMIP) unit 110 is used to regulate access to the serial interface 74 and to provide flow control. The QMIP units 110A and 110B on either side of the serial interface 74 operate in the same manner. In the discussions that follow, the operation of passing information from the QMIP unit 110B to the QMIP 110A is described. It is to be understood that the reverse process operates in the same manner. The QMIP 110 can be implemented as a microprocessor and associated memory, as one or more software modules or a combination of these.
In one embodiment, the QMIP unit 110B is designed to use most standard data terminal equipment/data communication equipment (DTE/DCE) interfaces such as EIA-232, EIA-422, EIA-423, universal serial bus (USB) as well as a shared memory or inter-process message queuing. Only receive and transmit data signals are passed over the serial interface 74. Other signals such as data terminal ready (DTR) and data set ready (DSR), data carrier detect (DCD), request to send (RTS) and clear to send (CTS) can be supported. Hardware flow control can also be supported if available. The software flow control is provided on a virtual circuit basis as discussed below with respect to FIG. 5, but hardware flow control shall suspend traffic on the serial interface 74 if asserted for all virtual circuits.
FIG. 5 is a flowchart showing the operation of the QMIP unit 110B as it creates a QMIP frame. The functions described in FIG. 5 are used to develop a frame for transmission over the serial interface 74. FIG. 6 is a representative drawing showing the elements of an exemplifying frame format used by the QMIP 110B. FIG. 6 is used below to aid in illustration of the functions shown in FIG. 5. A frame 172 shown in FIG. 6 is comprised of four portions: a control/address portion 174, an additional optional control portion 176, an information portion 178, and an end flag portion 180. The exemplifying frame format shown in FIG. 6 is only one of many frame formats and a plurality of frame formats can be developed, such as, for example, by the simple rearrangement of the portions within the frame, the simple re-arrangement of the bits within the portions or by the addition or removal of bits or portions.
The QMIP 110B is configure to receive information from each of the functional modules 104A-104N. Typically, the QMIP 110B comprises one or more memory queues which are used to store the information from the various functional modules as it arrives. The basic functions disclosed in FIG. 5 assume that the information has already been received by the QMIP 110B and placed within a queue. Either the queue itself uniquely identifies the functional module from which the information is received, or, alternatively, an entry in the queue indicates from which of the functional modules the information is received. As noted above, the functional modules operate transparently to the operation of the QMIP 110B and, therefore, in some cases may not self-identify themselves within the information.
In block 120, the QMIP 110B retrieves information from the queue corresponding to one of the functional modules 104. In block 122, the QMIP 110 determines whether the functional module 104 is able to accept data. As noted above, the QMIP 110B facilitates bi-directional communication over the serial link 74. Typically, one or more of the functional modules 104 utilizes flow control for data reception. For example, if the data services functional module 104C is receiving data from the TCP/IP stack application module 108B at a rate faster than the data services functional module 104C can queue the data for transmission over the wireless link, periodically the data services functional module 104C exerts a flow control indication intended for the TCP/IP stack to cease the flow of data to the data service functional module 104C. As the stored data within the data service functional module 104C is transmitted over the wireless link, the data services functional module 104C exerts an indication intended for the TCP/IP stack application module 108B indicating that it is once again able to accept data. According to the invention, the flow control information corresponding to data received by the data services functional module 104C can be included in a QMIP frame 172 which also carries information to the corresponding application module 108B. In addition, in some cases, a frame is created which carries control information but does not carry payload data information for transmission to the application module.
Within the frame 172, a flow control bit 188 within the control/address portion is used to implement software flow control on a logical circuit basis. Thus, in one embodiment, when the functional modules 104 send flow control information, the QMIP 110 intercepts the flow control information and queues it for transmission according to the flowchart shown in FIG. 5. In block 122, the QMIP 110B determines whether the corresponding functional module 104 has indicated that it is unable to accept more data by reference to the flow control queue. If the functional module 104 can no longer accept data, the flow control bit 188 is set to 1 as indicated in block 124. If the functional module 104 is able to accept data, the flow control bit 188 is set to 0 as indicated in block 126. In either case, flow continues to block 128.
In block 128, the QMIP 110B determines whether the persistence timer associated with the functional module has expired. If the persistence timer has expired, a poll bit 182 within the control/address portion 174 is set to 1 in block 130. If the persistence timer has not expired, the poll bit 182 is set to 0 in block 132.
The use of the poll bit 182 is designed to prevent deadlock in the following situation. Assume that a functional module 104 notifies the QMIP 110B that it can no longer accept data. The QMIP 110B creates a frame 172 with the flow control bit 188 set to 1. When the corresponding indication is received at the corresponding application module 108, the application module 108 ceases to transmit data to the specified functional module 104 and begins to wait for a frame with a flow control bit set to 0. If the functional module 104 sends an indication to the QMIP 110B that it is able to accept data and the QMIP 110B creates a corresponding frame 172 with the flow control bit 188 set to 0, a deadlock occurs if the frame is lost or corrupted in transmission so that the corresponding application module 108 does not receive the indication. In such a case, the functional module 104 is waiting for data from the application module 108 and the application module 108 is waiting for the indication from the functional module 104 that it is ready for additional data.
In order to prevent this deadlock, according to the invention, when the QMIP 110A receives a frame with a flow control bit set to 1, it sets a corresponding persistence timer associated with either the functional module 104 or the application module 108, alternatively a timer associated with both the functional module 104 and the application module 108. If the timer expires before a frame is received with a flow control bit set equal to 1, the QMIP 110A creates a frame with the poll bit set equal to 1and indicating the address of the corresponding functional module 104. When the QMIP 110B receives the message, if the corresponding functional module 104 is currently capable of receiving data, the QMIP 110B creates a frame 172 with a flow control bit 188 set to 0 indicating that the corresponding functional module is able to accept data.
In block 134, the QMIP 110B determines whether the information or the functional module 104 has a high priority indication. If so, an optional control bit 184 is set to 1 within the block 136. If not, the optional control bit 184 is set to 0 in the block 138. In one embodiment, the additional optional control portion 176 is used to specify a class of service. The high priority frame can receive preferential processing within the QMIP 110A, QMIP 110B, within the destination module or a combination of these.
In block 140, the QMIP 110B determines whether the information is in-band control data. If the application module for which this frame is intended has implemented a special procedure for in-band control, an in-band control bit 186 is set to 1 in block 142. If not, in block 144 the in-band control bit 186 is set to 0 within block 144.
In block 146, the QMIP 110 sets an address field 190 to identify the functional module 104. When the QMIP 110A receives the frame, it uses the address field to determine the proper destination application module 108. For example, the QMIP 110A may determine the proper application module 108 by reference to a look-up table. In another embodiment, the QMIP 110B refers to a look-up table which maps the functional module 104 address to the corresponding application module 108 address and the QMIP 110B sets the address field 190 to the corresponding application module 108 address. In either case, the look-up table can be predetermined by design, determined by a higher level protocol or determined on a virtual circuit basis.
In block 148, the information received from the application module 108, if any, is placed within the information portion 178 of the frame 172. The information portion 178 contains the data that is being communicated from the functional module 104 to the application module 108. In one embodiment, the maximum size of the information field is 36 bits. In one embodiment, any information which corresponds to an ending flag character or escape character is replaced with a 2-byte sequence.
In block 152, the QMIP 110B places an end flag indication in the end flag portion 180. The ending flag delineates the end of the frame. In one embodiment, it consists of an 8-bit binary sequence such as 8E (HEX). The end flag is used by the QMIP 110A to identify the end of a frame.
In one embodiment, an escape character is used to provide data transparency. In one embodiment, it consists of the binary sequence 8D (HEX). The escape character can be used to pass data values which equal the ending flag designation value.
The process of receiving and processing the frames executed by the QMIP 110A basically follows the analogous reverse-process to that shown in FIG. 5. The QMIP 110A receives the frames, parses them to determine the destination, flow control status and other information as described above. In one embodiment, frames with unrecognized control/address portion 174 values are discarded by the receiving QMIP 110A.
By the processes and mechanisms just described, multiple entities can communicate over a common data link while flow control is individually performed according to the abilities and demands of the various entities.
One advantage of the invention is its relative simplicity. The execution of the invention requires minimal processing power. In addition, the code space required to store the processes of the invention is relatively small. These two advantages are important in the smartphone environment where the processing power and memory capacity are limited to reduce cost. In addition, the invention allows for the efficient transfer of data bytes due to the minimal overhead associated with the frame format. The frame is not cluttered with the unnecessary and burdensome overhead content associated with most standard multiplexing protocols. As noted above, one type of data which may be transferred using the QMIP is voice data. Therefore, it is important to limit the amount of delay, especially random delay, caused by the multiplex protocol in order to preserve voice quality. Therefore, by limiting the overhead and, thereby, increasing the data carrying capacity of the band-limited serial link, the invention preserves voice quality. In addition to the rapid transfer of the data over the band-limited serial link, the relatively simple multiplex protocol also creates the frames quite quickly, thereby further decreasing the latency and random delay associated with the multiplex protocol. Each of these considerations allows the invention to be implemented in an inexpensive, time-sensitive, memory-conservative and processing-conservative manner.
The invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from its spirit or essential characteristics. The described embodiment can be considered in all respects only as illustrative and not as restrictive, and the scope of the invention is, therefore, indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description. All changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are to be embraced within their scope.
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|Parsing a packet header
|3 Oct 2003
|27 May 2004
|Boucher Laurence B.
|Method and apparatus for dynamic packet batching with a high performance network interface
|30 Dic 2004
|30 Jun 2005
|Craft Peter K.
|Protocol stack that offloads a TCP connection from a host computer to a network interface device
|24 Feb 2005
|15 Sep 2005
|Nec Corporation
|Multicast information delivery system and multicast information delivery method
|4 Ago 2003
|15 Sep 2005
|Philbrick Clive M.
|Method and apparatus for data re-assembly with a high performance network interface
|6 Feb 2006
|27 Jul 2006
|Alacritech, Inc.
|TCP/IP offload device with reduced sequential processing
|2 Feb 2005
|11 Jul 2007
|Method for implementing communication of information among multiple platforms
|Clasificación de EE.UU.
|370/235, 370/522, 455/445, 709/232, 710/29
|Clasificación internacional
|Clasificación cooperativa
|Clasificación europea
|15 May 2000
Owner name: QUALCOMM INCORPORATED, CALIFORNIA
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:WILLKIE, JAMES J.;SCOTT, CLIFTON;REEL/FRAME:010797/0341
Effective date: 20000421
|21 Jun 2007
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|22 Jun 2011
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 8
|24 Jun 2015
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 12


text:
Select Local Merchants
Cancun Mexican Restaurant and CantinaRead MoreA well-known bar in Cincinnati, Cancun Mexican Restaurant and Cantina is the ideal location for a delightful menu. The nice atmosphere and reasonable prices allow guests to focus on what matters: the impeccable quality. Thanks to its outdoor seating, Cancun Mexican Restaurant and Cantina is a great option when the Southwest Ohio weather is cooperating. Also, most folks will agree that the restaurant is defined by its margaritas. No specific attire is required, so feel free to dress casually and comfortably. When you get there, think about ordering the enchilada, since it's frequently gotten rave reviews. In terms of the restaurant itself, it's been tabbed as a nice option for both families with children and large groups. WiFi is offered for those who'd like to get connected. If you just want to pop in for a beverage, the restaurant does have a pretty decent selection at its bar. A highly-regarded spot for dinner, a visit to Cancun Mexican Restaurant and Cantina is definitely worthwhile. Don't worry about trying to find a spot on the street, as visitors to the restaurant do have access to a private parking lot nearby. Should you prefer to pedal over there, bicycle parking's also provided.4747 Montgomery RdCincinnati, OH US
Angilo's Pizza NorwoodRead MoreBack in the 1950s, the founder of Angilo's Pizza, Al Jones, used the skills he cultivated while working in a bakery to create his very own recipe for pizza crust and hoagie buns. Today, whether in Ohio, Kentucky, or Indiana, each and every family owned and operated Angilo's location carries on Al's legacy by using those very same recipes with reasonable prices. The chefs sustaining that tradition hand toss the dough for their large- and medium-sized pizzas before layering them with a bevy of fresh cheese and toppings and Al's homemade secret sauce—for which CIA agents don't even have clearance. They use fresh-baked hoagie rolls to stuff turkey, ham, beef, and cheese on their special double-decker sandwiches, of which there are 15. Because each Angilo's Pizza location is individually owned, proprietors might also add in a few of their own specialties to the menu, such as Cincinnati-style chili or buffalo-chicken sandwiches.2649 Robertson Ave.Norwood, OH US
Frozen YoRead MoreWhat services does your business offer and what makes your business stand out from the competition? It is the best yogurt in Cincinnati 12 different flavors and over 20 different toppings. We also have assorted candies. Take a bag, fill it up. What is one of your most popular offerings? How is it prepared? All of our yogurt flavors are very popular. No preparation needed. It comes prepared. What was the inspiration to start or run this business? I have been in the restaurant business since 1988 with Gold Star Chili and still am. My father is one of the founders of the company. I decided I wanted to try something with a simple operation. This business fits in to what i want.1772 Lexington AvenueNorwood, OH US
Frisch's Big Boy RestaurantRead MoreA well-known fast food spot in Cincinnati, Frisch's on Montgomery Road is the ideal spot for terrific fast food and tasty burgers. It's a culinary destination for visitors looking for terrific food. There's no particular required attire, so feel free to dress comfortably. Also, though the overall price may be low, you can bank on the ingredients being fresh. In fact, you should certainly be able to enjoy a good meal for nine or ten bucks, and can probably get in and out for just a fiver if you try. If you're in a hurry, the menu has plenty of items that are well-suited to eat on the go. A dependable favorite for breakfast in Norwood, a trip to this Frisch's is definitely worthwhile.4765 Montgomery RoadCincinnati, OH US
Graeter'sRead MoreTaste a single scoop or treat yourself to a sundae at Graeter's, a full-service ice cream shop you're sure to love. Low-fat and gluten-free options are featured on the menu. The ice cream shop also offers catering if you want to bring the flavors of Graeter's to your next party or event. At Graeter's, bikers can lock their bikes safely outside. Looking for delicious food for under $15? Look no further than Graeter's. Head on over to Graeter's first thing in the morning or last thing in the evening — Graeter's is open for breakfast, lunch, and dinner.332 Ludlow AveCincinnati, OH US
Pipkin's Fruit and Vegetable MktRead MorePipkin's Fruit and Vegetable Mkt in Cincinnati offers everything that grocery shoppers need and then some, making their trip worth the time spent. Every kitchen requires oil and vinegar. When you need something acidic to balance out a recipe, vinegar will do the trick, or when you need something slick to grease the pan, oil is often a cook's first choice. Whether you are new to the world of cooking or consider yourself a home cook, you will love the selection of spices and seasonings that this store has to offer. Going on a road trip or heading to the office? Easy to take anywhere, this snack will hold you over between any meal. Fight for your free time by utilizing the modern convenience of frozen food, which promises to maximize your time. The cuts of meat here are tender and fresh. Pick up a selection of meats today and start your weekend off with a barbecue. Whether you prefer wheat or white bread, Pipkin's Fruit and Vegetable Mkt serves up a large selection of freshly-baked breads. Healthy eaters realize the importance of dairy in their diet. Make sure you're getting your fill of Vitamin D with dairy products from Pipkin's Fruit and Vegetable Mkt. Take a dive and swim away with some succulent fish. It's a great source of protein for your next meal! The drinks available here are a great way to restore your body's natural balance, so start sipping. If no-muss, no-fuss is your kind of attitude, a delicious TV dinner may be right up your alley. Do you have a new pasta recipe that you've been dying to try? Pick up some noodles and treat yourself to a tasty dish. Stay refreshed no matter where you are! Water is available at Pipkin's Fruit and Vegetable Mkt. This fresh produce here is so tasty it will change the way we think about healthy eating. It's always wise to keep a little extra food around the house, just because. Pipkin's Fruit and Vegetable Mkt encourages you to check out its amazing canned foods for just that very purpose. A staple in every household, cereal is sure to please every palate in the family. Just a touch of these key baking ingredients will make your baked goods pop, so make sure your kitchen is always well-stocked. Experience a new blend of coffee or tea from Pipkin's Fruit and Vegetable Mkt and sip your way to happiness. If you're driving, you'll be able to use a nearby parking lot. When you're in need of a quick grocery stop, visit Pipkin's Fruit and Vegetable Mkt in Cincinnati and be in and out in a flash.5035 Cooper RdCincinnati, OH US

subset: commoncrawl


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I am sad to say that today is the last day of the Baseball season. It has been nothing short of amazing this year, and it is bittersweet to see such a banner year come to a close. Although the season is ending, it is doing so with the Angels and Astros hoping to punch their ticket to the post season. With those two teams in the mix, so are Mike Trout and Carlos Correa, two players that collectors continue to chase with reckless abandon. If the Astros win, they are in, and if they lose, the Angels can get in with a win. Going to be crazy.
Mike Trout – MVP Candidate
2008 Bowman Chrome Mike Trout Orange Refractor Auto /25
2015 Triple Threads Mike Trout / Hank Aaron / Ken Griffey Jr Triple Auto Relic
2015 Supreme Mike Trout On Card Auto SSP /25
If you have been paying attention to Trout's cards over the last few months, they have not softened at all during another season where he is a guy that SHOULD win the MVP based on the advanced statistics. Trout's hobby value should have already hit its ceiling having won the MVP last year, but it seems like his cards continue to go higher. He is one of those people that continues to amaze, and has a tremendous personality to go along with it. That is a recipe for continued value in this sport.
Topps has Trout locked up on an exclusive, and rightfully so. He is that generational player that manufacturers drool over. Any and every card featuring his autograph sells, regardless of what it looks like. He is great to work with, he signs his stuff, and he obviously charges an amount that works well for everyone involved. When you add in that any collector would fight and claw to get his cards, its crazy to think how valuable that is for a company like Topps.
Carlos Correa – ROY Candidate
2013 Bowman Chrome Carlos Correa Auto RC BGS 10
2014 Bowman Platinum Carlos Correa Auto BGS 9.5
2015 Heritage High Numbers Carlos Correa Auto Real One
I dont think many were expecting the Astros to compete the way they have. Not only are they one of those last to first stories this year, they have a core of young players who will make them competitive for years. Another recent Topps exclusive signed, Carlos Correa has taken the hobby world by storm in 2015. He is also someone I named the Hobby MVP and ROY as his meteoric rise has been nothing short of amazing. Not only is he a value position, but he seems to have all five tools in his back pocket.
Even though there is really only one Trout like player per generation, Correa is looking like there might be another in the works. Although he was the number one pick, many collectors were lukewarm on him at best for the first few years of his minor league career. The number two pick in Byron Buxton was getting all the attention, but Correa showed why he should have been the main focus as soon as he was called up.
Of all the rookie players potentially making an impact in the post season, I have to say that Correa's cards should be the ones that move the most. If the Astros make it, and he plays well, look out. That should be pretty clear. Even better, if he doesnt play well, his cards wont likely drop that far. Its a no lose proposition.
I wish there was a way to get both of these guys into the post season. No doubt about it. With Harper likely a top MVP candidate, the baseball collecting world might be in the best spot it has been in for a very long time. There is a huge group of people who will argue that there are more fireworks on the way, especially with guys like Bryant, Schwarber, Sano and others all getting more reps next year to see what they really have. This is going to be a fun post season regardless. Stay tuned for a breakdown tomorrow of collectible names to chase.


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Adorable Senior Beagle Mix Seeks Quiet Life With Couple or Single (Falls Church, VA)
I am a Brindle Male Beagle / mutt Dog. I am 9 and weigh 34 pounds. I live in FALLS CHURCH, Virginia.
Hi -- My name is Truman and really, all I want, is someone to just gently stroke my ears. For you, life is complicated, but for me it's simple.
I'm a 9-yr-old mutt (beagle mostly, boxer maybe) and I've ...
Oct 3 -
Washington DC :
Falls Church - Dogs & puppies
Dachshund/Small Beagle mix. Sweet calm little guy.
This ad was posted with the eBay Classifieds mobile app.
Sep 17 -
Charleston (WV) :
Parkersburg - Dogs & puppies
Boglen Terriers are a cross between a Boston Terrier and a Beagle. They are active, adorable, very friendly, loyal, very smart and love everyone, especially children. They will play all day retrieving a tennis ball, but will happily sit quietly in your lap and snuggle all day as well. They adapt well with all other animals but are also happy to be the only dog in the family. Dew claws have ...
Sep 13 -
Richmond :
Yorktown - Dogs & puppies
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text:
Radisson Blu Royal Suite Hotel, Jeddah
No prices found through our partners. Please contact the business directly or check some of our recommended alternatives.
How has this hotel rated in the past?
- Suites
- Swimming pool
- Restaurant
- Free High-Speed Internet
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TripAdvisor Reviews Radisson Blu Royal Suite Hotel, Jeddah
Travel Blogs from Jeddah
Where has that been hiding?
... and listen to the band for half an hour before a talk about our next port and the Rose City or Petra. After that it is lunch, more tea and a seminar on travel photography. It is now early evening and we will soon be getting ready for dinner. On the subject of food, that is the inspiration for the title of the blog today. I had been to the buffet for some baked ham with spicy pineapple relish had been to the salad bar to accessorise aforementioned ham, when I ...
Day Dreaming of Nightmares
... kicking the **** out of me. Ten guys of which half were larger than I. He punched me again. Melissa was hysterical at this point. I didn't go down. There was no ******* way I was going down. And then they left me. It was kind of weird really. There I was with a bloody nose and a hot chick hugging me. Like that, it was over. I don't know why they left me alone. It'll always be a mystery.
I had a great vacation. I decided ...
... I need. Today I left and returned home. Rizlan is on time today. He picks me up at the airport.
Once back at home I squeeze in a win against a higher ranked player in SC2 and then hit the gym to burn away some travel anxiety. Tomorrow's a new day like each day is. Two weeks until a 10 day vacation. I'm staying put. My days will be swim in the am, run in the pm and anything goes in between and after. Should be nice.
Thanks for ...
... priorities and needs are so different here than at home, who would have ever thought that the top item on my Christmas wish list would be dish clothes, hahahaha, but it is something I have not been able to find here and I'm tired of washing my dishes with a sponge. Luckily there are so many other things to find here that you can't find at home that things seem to balance themselves. I seem to have found a weakness for the shoes and handbags that ...
Battle Scars
... Thank you G Man.
Perhaps that is what it's all about. This gift of life. This struggle to avoid insignificance. I would love to be able to ask the Buddha. Perhaps gain insight. Perhaps hear him laugh kindly at my struggle. Perhaps the G Man's tutelage helped me on those late nights when we would have a good party going at his place high atop the city lights. High up on that 18th floor. Those times when I would sneak out on a food run to the all ...


text:
Reach your goals
with acadon.
What commercial success and
mountain climbing have in common
The right technology will take you to the top
A successful ascent depends on having the right equipment, the right route and an expert who knows the way.
Your company's growth depends on having the right ERP System.
Success in business depends on having the right system – a system that can open up new opportunities in ordering, sales and logistics. And that provides the all-important boost for your company's further development.
Taking control of your Business process
From procurement and sales to manufacturing, finance and HR, a company's business processes are all closely intertwined with one another. So your ERP system should incorporate as many of these processes as possible and contribute to their continuous improvement. IT is therefore not an end in itself or an expensive add-on. It is the glue that brings all your business processes together and provides the basis for your continued growth. The more an organisation is subject to change, the more important IT becomes.
Leveraging potential
When problems appear in one specific area or department, it is often a sign that wider company systems have broken down somewhere. At such times, it is useful to take a holistic overview, because even small improvements to processes can lead to significant gains. Implementing these improvements is one of the most important tasks that managing directors and IT managers face. Because only then can they achieve the vital aim of securing success for the future.
More than 40 years
competence in timber
Industry solutions for the entire process chain of wood
- acadon_timber: tailor-made to your requirements for wood wholesale and retail
- acadon_packaging: Comprehensive, integrated solutions for crate, pallet and export packaging manufacturers
- acadon_furniture: for furniture manufacturers and dealers
10.05.2015_ Kundentag 2015 - Fortsetzung folgt... » Mehr ...
At a glance
- 1981 company founded
- 1990 Germany's first Navision dealer
- 2004 Swiss office opened
- 2007 Braunschweig office opened
- 2010 majority stake in Lauprecht & Partner
- Microsoft Gold Partner for Microsoft Dynamics NAV
"Ready for the journey? Our experienced team is here to guide you"
Klaus Fander, CFO,
acadon AG


text:
Nursery Equipment Leicester
(19) for Nursery Equipment in Leicester
Baby Planet34-36 Western RdLE3 0GA Leicester0116 255 6222Open
... to become one of the largest and respected nursery retailers in the East Midlands. Base d in Leicester we are now by far the biggest independent nursery retailer in the city, working from a 10...
Whizzy Wheels Ltd69 Queens RoadLE2 1TT Leicester Blaby0116 270 2888
Premier brand nursery products and equipment Stockists of Jané, Stokke and Bugaboo Frog
Request for Quotation
Are you looking for Baby & Nursery Products & Accessories ?Use our "Request for Quotation" service to get customized offers from companies in Leicester, tailored for your exact needs!
Baby Love225-227 Saffron LaneLE2 6UD Leicester0116 283 2170
... Wear, Baby Gear, Baby Equipment, Baby Nursery Equipment, baby clothes manufacturers, Baby Gifts,...
Brave Little SoldiersThe Waterside Centre, Unit 6 Abbey MeadowsLE4 5AE Leicester0116 251 9335
SatCom - distributors for Thuraya, Iridium and Inmarsat satellite phones with offices worldwide ... DIRECT MARKETING COMPANY, Baby & Nursery Equipment, inmarsat, MEDIA KIT, BROADCAST FAXING, DIRECT...
Kids Wholesale Clothing.co.uk8-14 Raymond RoadLE3 2AS Leicester0116 282 4854Closed
Welcome to KidsWholesaleClothing.co.uk - your One Stop Shop For All Your Baby Blanks and Kids Clothing at Wholesale Prices, With No Minimum Order Quantities!! A specialist with over 25 years...
Mothercare Leicester9 St George's Retail Park, St George's WayLE1 1SG Leicester0116 248 8090Open
... Car Seats, Baby Clothes, Maternity Clothes, Nursery Furniture, Toys, baby feeding products,...
The Kidz Fashion26 Mere RoadLE5 3HQ Leicester07740367362
Babywear & Childrenswear, Newborn Gift Accessories, Pushchairs, Bouncers, Playmat, Babyshower GIftset, Nappy Cake, Etc.
Mothercare LtdFosse Pk Ave, Fosse Pk Shopping CentreLE3 2HQ Leicester0116-289-3988
... Childrens accessories, Baby Accessories
Mothercare UkUnit 14 Shire Centre, High StreetLE1 5YN Leicester0116-262-0768
... Childrens accessories, nursery products
Babyquip107 Uppingham RdLE5 3TB Leicester0116 274 0573
... nursery products, Prams Accessories, PRAMS, Childrens...
Leicester Pram & Toy Centre5 Charles StreetLE1 3FF Leicester0116-262-5409
... nursery products, baby products, baby accessories, childrens accessories
A Gani FashionsRolleston StreetLE5 3SA Leicester0116 274 0949
Mothercare, Britain's number one specialist retailer for mums to be and parents of young children. Shop online for the best of our nursery, cots, prams, pushchairs & car seats.
Next LEICESTER - HIGH CROSS SHOPPING CENTREUnit Msu8, High Cross Street, Bath House LaneLE1 4SA LeicesterOpen
... Equipment, Hair Accessories, Hair Dryers, Hats, Gloves & Scarves, Home Accessories, Jeans, Joggers,...
Next LEICESTER - FOSSE PARKUnit 6 Fosse ParkLE19 1HX Leicester BraunstoneOpen
... Equipment, Hair Accessories, Hair Dryers, Hats, Gloves & Scarves, Home Accessories, Jeans, Joggers,...
Parker Hire Services3 Abbotsford RoadLE5 4DA Leicester0116 274 0404Open
Parker Hire Services, we are an independent, family run plant and tool hire company, supplying both trade DIY in Leicester. ... nurseries, LEICESTER TOOL EQUIPMENT, tool hire, GARDEN EQUIPMENT LEICESTER, Leicester tool hire,...
Gems468, Melton RoadLE4 7SN Leicester01162 668800
... lawn mower, gardening products, Gardening Equipment, Lawnmowers, Lawnmower Sales, nurseries,...
City Mower ServicesUnit 5-6, 55-57A Gwendolen RoadLE5 5FL Leicester0116 273 4027
... Machinery, Nurseries Gardening, Gardening Equipment, Garden machinery sales, nurseries, lawnmowers...
Hss Hire Shops52 Uppingham RoadLE5 0QD Leicester0116 276 0101
... equipment, Tool Plant, survey equipment, plant hire, pipe tools, lawn care, easy hire, clamps,...
The Boot Aquaria63 Heyworth RoadLE3 2DB Leicester0116 282 5910
... Nursery, aquaria, pond accessories, gardening, seeds, garden products, Aquarium accessories,...
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text:
October 23, 7–9 p.m.
Celebrate with pints & bangers, make memories & reunite with friends!
The front desk will be open:
9:00 a.m. – 5:00 p.m.
Cal Poly is the perfect choice for students from around the world and here at home preparing for their role in a global community.
Please review the process required for international travel approval.Continue Reading >
International Students & Scholars (ISS) provides services and programs aimed at meeting the unique needs of international students and scholars throughout their academic careers at Cal Poly.Continue Reading >
Cal Poly faculty are able to pursue various educational activities that involve teaching, doing research, or being resident director on an international program...Continue Reading >


text:
Hospitals in BREWTON AL
News and Links for Hospital Brewton Al
D.W. McMillan Memorial Hospital Welcome to D.W. McMillan Memorial Hospital ... The hospital is an acute care hospital and has been a part of the Brewton, Alabama community for ... DW McMillan ... [http://www.dwmmh.org/]
Brewton Medical Center (Escambia County - Alabama) Administrator's Message Here at Brewton Medical Center, we understand that healthcare is evolving. The advances in medicine and strides in technology are providing ... [http://brewtonmedical.com/]
Hospitals in Brewton, Alabama with Reviews & Ratings - YP.com Find 6 listings related to Hospitals in Brewton on YP.com. See reviews, photos, directions, phone numbers and more for the best Hospitals in Brewton, AL. [http://www.yellowpages.com/brewton-al/hospitals]
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[CaRP] Can't open remote newsfeed.
Funeral Homes in BREWTON ALABAMA
Hospitals in BREWTON ALABAMA
Nursing Homes in BREWTON ALABAMA
Public Schools in BREWTON ALABAMA
Private Schools in BREWTON ALABAMA
Colleges in BREWTON ALABAMA
Nearby CitiesDistance from BREWTON AL to JAY FL: 11.5 miles SW
Distance from BREWTON AL to EVERGREEN AL: 23.7 miles N
Distance from BREWTON AL to ATMORE AL: 25.6 miles W
Distance from BREWTON AL to MILTON FL: 32.7 miles S
Distance from BREWTON AL to MONROEVILLE AL: 32.8 miles NW
Distance from BREWTON AL to PACE FL: 35.3 miles S
Distance from BREWTON AL to ANDALUSIA AL: 37.7 miles E
Distance from BREWTON AL to CANTONMENT FL: 37.8 miles SW
Distance from BREWTON AL to CRESTVIEW FL: 38.0 miles SE
Distance from BREWTON AL to GEORGIANA AL: 41.6 miles NE
Copyright © All rights reserved


text:
Rock Magnetism and Paleogeophysics, Volume 15
Rock Magnetism and Paleogeophysics Research Group in Japan - Rocks
From inside the book
9 pages matching Morinaga in this book
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Y Itoh M Araki I Katsura and T Danhara
H Morinaga H Imamura H Inokuchi and K Yaskawa
Y Y Liu H Morinaga I Horie H Maruyama and Y Yaskawa
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Common terms and phrases
alternating field Altiplano anomalous NRM Azuki tuff basalt Bouguer anomaly boundary Brazilian shield Brunhes Central characteristic directions core crust crustal models curves dacite declination deformation distribution Earth Planet earthquakes Eastem Cordillera Easter Island event flowstone foreland basin Fukao Geoelectr Geol Geological Geomag geomagnetic field Geophys gravity profile inclination intensity Japan Basin Kabuh Kobe University Kono Kyoto University lava flow layer Lhasa Lhasa block Lithosphere magma Matsushima and Otsuka Mesozoic mGal Miocene Morinaga Nazca plate normal polarity Northeast Japan Otofuji Otsuka Formations paleomagnetic paleomagnetic direction paleomagnetic studies Paleozoic Peninsula Peru plateau poles Quaternary red sandstones remanent magnetization reversed polarity Rock Magnetism rotation samples sediments southem Peru specimens speleothems stalagmite stratigraphic Suarez sub-Andes subduction subsamples surface Survey of Japan tectonic thermal demagnetization Three rivers region Tohoku Region Tokyo topography Tsunakawa tuff upper volcanic West Hokkaido Westem Yamazaki Yaskawa zone


text:
Books & arts
'Stuffed and starved': A review
Godfrey Eliseus Massay
2015-10-01, Issue 744
'Stuffed and Starved: The Hidden Battle for the World Food System' is the must-read book for any person who cares about farmers and food. It is a book that must be read by all people who defend the rights of farmers and food sovereignty in Africa and around the globe.
Understanding the quest for a more just world
A review of 'Interactive Democracy: The Social Roots of Global Justice' by Carol Gould
Ronald Elly Wanda
2015-09-09, Issue 741
By recovering and uncovering the links in theory and practice between democracy, human rights, and social justice, Professor Gould's book opens a gateway into these connections in a way that reclaims democracy by refreshing its emancipatory promises.
Engineered consent in Swaziland
Peter Kenworthy
2015-09-08, Issue 741
In Swaziland you can rarely find a company or government parastatal whose board of directors does not include a prince, princess, chief or the king's business associate. It is an absolute monarchy where one's opportunities and place in society are almost fully dependent on connections and willingness to comply with the decrees of King Mswati III.
'Victims and Victimhood' – An East African perspective
Ronald Elly Wanda
2015-09-03, Issue 740
Govier's book does a good job of generating anxiety about the future of humanity and of victims, using serious restorative concepts which are very useful in Eastern Africa where there are consistent efforts to rethink the term 'victim'.
South Africa's unfinished business of apartheid
A review of 'Getting Away With Impunity: International Criminal Law and South African Apartheid Criminals'
Austin Mwange
2015-08-05, Issue 738
cc Pz Although apartheid is a crime against humanity under international law, no one has been prosecuted for it. That means criminals who perpetrated this evil system are still free. It is a problem that South Africa – and the world - needs to address, according to a new book.
'Shubbak': A window on North African & Middle Eastern art
Mounira Chaeb
2015-08-05, Issue 738
The event featured music concerts, exhibitions, poetry, talks and discussions, films and art. The aim of the organizers was to bring together artists to speak in a multitude of voices about what matters deeply to them.
Souad Massi: The true face of Islam
Mounira Chaeb
2015-07-09, Issue 734
At a time when ISIS militants have been burning musical instruments because they claim they are against Sharia Law, Massi's latest songs pay homage to centuries-old Arab culture, and to a tolerant humanism now under siege.
Damned if we don't: Ahjamu R. Umi's prescient liberation literature
Michelle Renee Matisons
2015-06-24, Issue 732
Umi communicates a straightforward political message: People have the right, even the duty, to defend themselves and their communities against racist terrorist violence. And white people should not sit by idly, but instead, join this struggle.
The coming revolution in North Africa: The struggle for climate justice'
Hamza Hamouchene and Mika Minio-Paluello
2015-06-19, Issue 731
In an interview, the editors of this new book say their goal is to counteract the dominant neoliberal discourse on climate change in Arabic, and point to the need for a revolutionary alternative grounded in justice.
Cry of the Environment: A review of Ngong's 'Blot on the Landscape'
Peter Wuteh Vakunta
2015-06-04, Issue 729
c c PZ Cameroonian poet Ngong issues an effective wake up call decrying the rapidly declining state of the environment. The volume is a battle cry, urging everyone to fight back against the forces—including human nature itself—ravaging the Earth.
'Africans in China': A review
Kwame Opoku
2015-06-04, Issue 729
c c PZ Prof. Bodomo has produced an excellent book that will for years to come be the standard work for scholars. "Two points I will always retain are: the African who was surprised that the Chinese do not speak English and the complaint by some Chinese that the Africans are intensely dating Chinese women. What did they expect?"
An "other" feminism
A review of Hilary Klein's 'Compañeras: Zapatista Women's Stories'
Charlotte Maria Sáenz
2015-06-04, Issue 729
The new book provides the world with the voices of indigenous Zapatista women as a new political element: one being created and theorized from their own place and history, with openness to worlds and perspectives beyond.
'We are many': A review
Hamza Hamouchene
2015-06-03, Issue 729
The film is an indictment of those people who waged an illegal and criminal war on Iraq, and succeeds in conveying the anti-war spirit of 2003 by documenting and charting a crucial moment in the left's efforts to organise in order to stop the war.
Matiba of Kenya
Philo Ikonya
2015-06-04, Issue 729
Kenneth Matiba, once a prominent politician associated with the struggle for the re-introduction of multi-party democracy in Kenya, is now an ailing old man in a wheelchair. He has sued the government for illegal detention, which caused his present illness. A tribute.
"I could have died at any moment"
New documentary profiles the political struggles of a young political activist in Swaziland
Peter Kenworthy
2015-05-21, Issue 727
The film describes the fight for democracy and socio-economic justice in the tiny sub-Saharan country through the eyes of Bheki Dlamini, a young activist and leading member of Swaziland's largest banned political party
New Book by Nick Turse: 'Tomorrow's Battlefield: U.S. Proxy Wars and Secret Ops in Africa'
Forthcoming book explores Washington's escalating war on the continent
Abayomi Azikiwe
2015-05-07, Issue 725
The book examines how repeated failed counter-terrorism operations throughout Africa, the Middle East and Asia have led to broader interventions and the promotion of the military and intelligence theorists who concoct these operations.
'Trade is war: The West's war against the world'
A new book by Yash Tandon
2015-04-30, Issue 724
Drawing on decades of on-the-ground experience as a high level negotiator in bodies such as the World Trade Organization, Tandon challenges prevailing orthodoxy, insisting that, for the vast majority of people, and especially those in the poorer regions of the world, free trade hinders development and visits relentless waves of violence and impoverishment on their lives.
Hans Zell to donate book and journal collection, online database to Kwara State University
2015-04-16, Issue 722
The donation follows an invitation to several institutions in Africa and elsewhere to express an interest in acquiring the collection, and submit a plan for the continuation and hosting of the database. After careful review of all submissions, Kwara State University Library in Malete, Ilorin, Nigeria, was chosen.
For our Chibok sisters
Hilda Twongyeirwe
2015-04-16, Issue 722
It was 'good morning' the usual way sounded just the same full of energy of life's promises nothing could be guessed on that 14th day 2014. You downed your cup of tea your piece of yam you kept some knowing tomorrow was yet to come you smiled your see-you-later smile. Evening came you did not return a day passed, days months Today 14th April 2015 makes it a year. The yam has grown moulds like the waiting in our hearts and longing in our eyes as we reach for a flicker of possibility buried under the silence that surrounds your disappearance we refuse the moulds to cover it... Today we light a candle not in memory my sisters - no we light this candle to stand with you we light this candle to keep the flicker brighter we light this candle to evoke spirits of resilience and justice. (My heart goes out to each single girl, to each single parent of these girls and their entire families.) * Hilda Twongyeirwe is Executive Director, Uganda Women Writers Association - FEMRITE.
Lost girls of Chibok
Adaobi Okwy
2015-04-16, Issue 722
They didn't ask my creed Even though waging a war against my God. They didn't ask my village Even though waging a war against my tongue. I have breasts That was all they asked. They didn't ask about my dreams Even though I was taken from my school. They didn't ask about my crush Though that would have been my grave. I am a lost girl Is anyone looking for me? We are the lost girls Will we once again be forgotten? Like those blasted into smithereens or Those butchered daily while the nation looks on. We are not some cheap disposable tissue papers Born to be tortured into submission. We are not animals For man to do with as he pleases. While you watch We are raped, brainwashed and blamed. While you watch We get passed around and tossed away. We are the lost girls Soon you'd be late and in this cave We shall soon lose hope Spawning children of the devil. And while you watch Our devil children shall return To vanquish your own children. We are the lost girls Is anyone looking for us?
Valentina A. Mmaka
2015-04-10, Issue 721
Writer and human rights activist Valentina A. Mmaka tries to put into words the utterly hearbreaking massacre of young lives – real human beings, not just numbers - at Garissa University College in Kenya last week. Irritatingly, mass murders are a part of Kenya's history.
Shailja Patel
2015-04-10, Issue 721
Celebrated Kenyan poet Shailja Patel captures the disturbing reality of a country where violent bloodletting has become normal. Everyone is momentarily paralysed with shock; next, state terror targets the vulnerable; but soon life goes on. Yet the nation is scarred forever.
Sino Scramble for Africa
A review of 'China's Second Continent: How a Million Migrants are Building a New Empire in Africa' (2014) by Howard W. French
Peter Wuteh Vakunta
2015-04-02, Issue 720
The book is a tale of opportunism, spoliation, misappropriation and dispossession. The arrival of Chinese in Africa in drovees lately is arguably the latest chapter in a very long narrative of empire building through emigration.
Tyranny of experts against spontaneous solutions
A review of William Easterly's 'Tyranny of Experts'.
Ndongo Samba Sylla
2015-04-02, Issue 720
Although it starts with a bang, bringing to light some shocking and unfortunately typical facts about capitalistic accumulation, 'Tyranny of experts' is a frustrating book because of the author's black and white approach, his libertarian dogmatism, his apparent lack of awareness of the history of certain political ideas, and his method of reasoning which favours numerous anecdotes over systematic analysis.
The voice of the poor and oppressed in Swaziland
A review of 'Phoenix Mysteries: Memoirs of a Born Oppressed'
Peter Kenworthy
2015-04-02, Issue 720
Besides giving a good general description of what it is like to grow up in a mud hut in the rural African countryside, with barely enough money to eat or to attend school, the book also describes the unique culture and political setting of Swaziland, Africa's last absolute monarchy.
The second death of Lazarus Katiba
Humphrey Sipalla
2015-04-02, Issue 720
There is insidious fear across Kenya from rising costs of living, rampant spectacular crime, bizarre terrorist events and a sense that the future is clouded. The fear is making people angry and hateful, as depicted in this fictional account.
Book review: 'Compendium of Conflicts in Uganda'
Kara Blackmore
2015-03-26, Issue 719
A timely release documenting the voices of those people affected by the numerous and complicated conflicts in this eastern Africa nation, the book gives the reader a chance to see the state of a nation in transition, from the perspective of the masses.
Bangui: Let the dust of the boots drown in Ubangi
Grandmaster Masese
2015-03-19, Issue 718
Bangui, Who could remember to smile when those guns fed us lead In Bangui our hearts bled Crying for sanity Bangui, Who remember's Stanley's fatal whip on our backs Chopped arms, now firearms in Bangui Lighting Ubangi with flowing dead blood Bangui never dies Determined to silence the ghosts of Brazza Leopold, Bozize and Bokassa I stand bold with African pride I have died many times before Made to kiss the aroma of mother Congo And still I germinate Bangui, I am a seed I will never die I will never wither I will gyrate in the rhythms of Cavacha, Rhumba and Samba Let the dust of the boots drown in Ubangi Bangui
Existential maxims: A review of Lamnyam's 'Strive to be Happy'
Peter Wuteh Vakunta
2015-03-05, Issue 716
'Strive to be Happy' is an inspirational work replete with didactic messages. Throughout this book Lamnyam's voice sounds like that of a quiet peace-maker calling for non-resistance as a modus operandi needed to ward off the pangs of pain occasioned by social injustice, exploitation and disenfranchisement.
Using literary fiction as a voice for African/Black liberation
Ahjamu Umi
2015-02-19, Issue 714
Progressive literary fiction has not always been highly regarded within African literature. Ahjamu Umi makes the case for its consciousness-developing and educational properties, and argues for its wider acceptance in African societies.Previous | 1-30 | 31-60 | 61-90 | 91-120 | 121-150 | 151-180 ... Next


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About This Book
- Write Hadoop MapReduce within R
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This book is ideal for R developers who are looking for a way to perform big data analytics with Hadoop. This book is also aimed at those who know Hadoop and want to build some intelligent applications over Big data with R packages. It would be helpful if readers have basic knowledge of R.
Big data analytics is the process of examining large amounts of data of a variety of types to uncover hidden patterns, unknown correlations, and other useful information. Such information can provide competitive advantages over rival organizations and result in business benefits, such as more effective marketing and increased revenue. New methods of working with big data, such as Hadoop and MapReduce, offer alternatives to traditional data warehousing.
Big Data Analytics with R and Hadoop is focused on the techniques of integrating R and Hadoop by various tools such as RHIPE and RHadoop. A powerful data analytics engine can be built, which can process analytics algorithms over a large scale dataset in a scalable manner. This can be implemented through data analytics operations of R, MapReduce, and HDFS of Hadoop.
You will start with the installation and configuration of R and Hadoop. Next, you will discover information on various practical data analytics examples with R and Hadoop. Finally, you will learn how to import/export from various data sources to R. Big Data Analytics with R and Hadoop will also give you an easy understanding of the R and Hadoop connectors RHIPE, RHadoop, and Hadoop streaming.


text:
No one hurt in Clearfield Township house fire
Firefighters battled flames at a house in Butler County on Friday morning.
Emergency dispatchers said the fire was reported at a home on Old Route 422 in Clearfield Township about 3:30 a.m.
Emergency crews at the scene said they don't believe anyone was inside the home when the blaze started.
"There was a contractor working inside. He said he heard a pop and went back to see. He noticed the back room was on fire, so he tried to extinguish it with no success," fire official Kevin Hesidenz said.
The cause of the fire remains under investigation.
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Literally translated from the Celtic langauge, Bangour means "Hill of the Wild Goats". Although there are no wild goats there today, Bangour Village Hospital still stands proud over 100 years since it's construction. Located outside of Dechmont, West Lothian it's 960 acre site was home to thousands of patients over the years. In 1902 the Edinburgh Lunancy Board purchased the 960 acre Bangour site, and by 1906 Bangour Village was offically opened by the Right Honourable Earl of Roseberry. Many additions and modifications were made to Bangour Hospital over the years but most interesting was the "Wee Bangour Express" constructed in 1905. Although only serving till after the first world war, Bangour's own railway did a fine job carrying construction goods and laterly transporting wounded soldiers from the war.
Lately this deserted hospital was used as the location for the movie "The Jacket".


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A few weeks ago, we at Michigan Lawyers Weekly honored our 2012 class of "Up & Coming Lawyers." Now we're happy to report that two attorneys who were part of our 2011 class have made some pretty big professional moves ...Read More »
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Domino's distances itself from Monaghan
Tom Monaghan of pizza fame has filed a federal lawsuit against Obamacare's coverage of contraceptives. But the people at Ann Arbor-based Domino's Pizza, the company he founded, want you to know that he SOLD the company in 1998 and is ...Read More »
No compensation for tapping water line in eminent domain case
Last month, the Michigan Supreme Court heard arguments in Lyon Township v. McDonald's USA, a dispute over whether a landowner should receive additional compensation when a municipality taps into its water supply for other developments, destroying the competitive advantage of ...Read More »
Wayne State names interim law school dean
Jocelyn Benson has been named interim dean of the Wayne State University Law School, effective Monday, Dec. 17. Benson, an associate professor, has been a member of the law faculty since 2005 and is the associate director of the Damon ...
Tagged with: Wayne State University Law SchoolRead More »
Tichelaar tapped for Character and Fitness Committee
Lansing attorney Jennifer Tichelaar has been appointed by the State Bar of Michigan's Board of Commissioners to serve on the Character and Committee. The committee investigates the character and fitness of candidates for admission to the State Bar. Tichelaar is ...Read More »
Kilpatrick still giving back
Kwame Kilpatrick, the convicted former Detroit mayor that just keeps on giving. Sure, there's the trial from hell in federal court that keeps on going, giving ever more tidbits we never really wanted to know. But now, The Detroit News ...Read More »
MGTV signing off from the tube, going online
If you want your MGTV, put down the remote and pick up your mouse. Michigan Government Television is being reformulated as an enhanced online portal, replacing the MGTV cable channel. MGTV had operated as a non-commercial cable channel, providing programming ...Read More »
Federal judges plan class action for back pay
The Associated Press is reporting in The Washington Post that federal judges are seeking class-action certification of a suit to recover cost-of-living increases that were promised but, in some cases, not authorized by Congress. In 1989, Congress curtailed federal judges' ...Read More »
Two of three med-mal reform bills clear House
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… Because a lame-duck Legislature party don't stop. OK, so Thursday's final day in session did stop — at 4:30 a.m. Friday. And I can only assume that all the House and Senate members probably felt like lame ducks at ...
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BEIT OREN, Israel -- The largest fire in Israel's history has been extinguished. For those who lost everything, the process of putting their lives back together is just beginning.
"The Kibbutz was moved on Thursday at 12:30," Erel Artzy, manager of Kibbutz Beit Oren.
Artzy gave CBN News exclusive information about the damage caused by the fire.
"We have suffered with about 11 buildings about 45 apartments which were completely destroyed," Artzy said. "All the people want to do now is to come back to their homes."
Yet, for many there are no homes to return to. Scenes of destruction litter the area including burned cars, destroyed belongings, and gutted buildings that will need to be demolished. Some residents came back to retrieve a few of their belongings not destroyed in the fire. Most of them are still in shock.
"You can see everything is burned," Artzy said. "It's not a good feeling to see all of your Kibbutz going down."
Beit Oren is located in the heart of a region known as the Carmel, one of the most scenic areas in all of Israel. The prophet Elijah fought the prophets of Baal not far from there. The Kibbutz is surrounded by a forest which provided the fuel for the devastating fire.
After the fire was extinguished, workmen began to clean up the area. While the fire still smoldered around the Kibbutz, Operation Blessing International brought a donation to help the people of the Kibbutz begin to put their lives together.
Authorities: Israel's Largest Fire Ever is Out
Aftermath: Charity Responds to Israeli Fire Victims
Operation Blessing International
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Column One: Abbas must be stoppedCaroline Glick
Abbas Calls for Murder, Palestinians AttackKhaled Abu Toameh
Op-Ed: Backwards Headlines and Dehumanizing Israelis: BBC and Co. Run RampantAri Sofer
Blood, sweat, tears and insanityRuthie Blum
Op-Ed: Israel's Enemies sign the Death Sentence of the Last ChristiansGiulio Meotti and Prof. Hillel Weiss
Abbas's Trap: The Big BluffKhaled Abu Toameh
Obama Throws Christian Refugees to LionsRaymond Ibrahim
Egypt's War on Terrorism Bears FruitKhaled Abu Toameh


text: Great hotel in a perfect position for trams. After travelling by plane, caught the train into Amsterdam Central. The hotel is in the perfect position for using the trams. Numerous trams stop right next to it so is no problem if you are travelling with bags. Great location on a canal, walking distance to so many tourist spots and very... More


text: January 2006 1/1/2006 Permissions HR MAGAZINE · January 2006 Vol. 51, No. 1 Table of Contents COVER STORY Developing Talent. Case studies of how two companies successfully develop their employees in very different ways.Robert J. Grossman BENEFITS Gone Camping. The time is ripe to consider options that help employees find summer child care.Kathryn TylerSTRATEGIC HRHR, Alaska Style. Employee education is critical when your workers are classified under three separate personnel systems.Ann PomeroyINSURANCEUnder the Radar: EPL Insurance. Here's what you're missing if you don't pay close attention to managing your EPL insurance. Eric KrellHR MANAGEMENTHR's New Breed. What can you expect from tomorrow's HR professionals?Robert RodriguezSTAFFINGSurviving Katrina—Remotely. Flexible, employee-centered actions by HR enabled a New Orleans hospital to stay open during and after the hurricane.Susan LadikaHR AGENDA: TRAINING & DEVELOPMENTEmployers Warm Up to Online Education. Online degree programs are gaining respect from employers as employees increasingly take advantage of them. Kimberly MerrimanHR AGENDA: EMPLOYMENT & STAFFINGInternship Program Dividends. With a well-managed internship program, an employer can find and groom strong job candidates. Dawn S. OnleyCOLUMNS & DEPARTMENTS(Members Only) From the President: Global Workforce Issues: Challenge and Opportunity HR's mandate to strategically find and manage talent no longer has any boundaries Susan MeisingerFrom the Editors. Developing talent; EPL insurance; coping with Katrina Patrick Mirza; Terence F. SheaHR Solutions: Travel Time, Medicare, Diversity Recruiting. Shari Lau, Amy Maingault and Ruhal DooleyManagement Tools: Career Counselor Interviewing. Asking pointed questions can help you dig deep below the surface to understand a candidate's real motivations. Paul FalconeLegal Trends: Preventive Medicine. Often good for employee health and the employer's bottom line, your organization's wellness programs may be due for a legal checkup. Francis P. Alvarez and Michael J. SoltisFuture Focus: A Matter of Degrees. Slippage in workers' education could put employers at a competitive disadvantage. Jennifer SchrammExecutive Briefing. Aspiring female leaders see obstacles; leaders lack important skills; executives believe fitness helps career; more. HR Technology. To get the most out of succession planning, companies need the right tools to do the job. Court Report. Racial epithets surface in Title VII claim; firing after harassment report upheld; more. Books in Brief. Ethics at Work; more. What's New. Workplace behavior and ethics program; more. HR Magazine archives [ Classified Advertising || SHRM Media Kit |||| Staff Biographies || Contributing Editor Biographies || || Writer's Guidelines || Contact the Editors || || Subscribe to HR Magazine] Permissions TOP PICKS: PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT Perfect Phrases for Performance Reviews The right phrase for every situation. Design and Implement Effective Performance Management Systems Design & Implement Effective Performance Management Systems The Crowdsourced Performance Review From SHRMStore: Use the power of social recognition to transform employee performance Express Request: Performance Improvement Plansl Resources for boosting under-performers 101 Sample Write-Ups for Documenting Employee Performance Book + CD from SHRMStore. Shortcut to explaining disciplinary problems. Webcast: Workforce Analytics Pamela Stroko on how predictive analytics fit into talent management. Oct. 7, 2 pm E/11am P People InSight Give employees a chance to review your organization. Diversity & Inclusion Conference & Expo Oct. 26-28, Boston. Build positive change in your workplace Seminar: Manage, Engage Human Capital Learn how to connect and organize top performers. Available online Nov. 9-Dec. 2 Swipe for more! ADVERTISING LINKS


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Topic: lifestyle
News Startups Like 'LittleThings' Are Trying to Tackle Viewability Early
But mobile may throw a wrench into their plans
By Lauren Johnson on Aug. 31, 2015 - 12:18 AM EDT
The issue of viewability, online ads people can actually see, is the cause of much Sturm und Drang among publishers and advertisers these days, but a new wave of media…
How Good Morning America's Lara Spencer Became a Flea Market Maven
Co-host and author has mastered second-hand chic
By Chris Ariens on Aug. 30, 2015 - 9:59 PM EDT
Good Morning America co-host Lara Spencer credits her mother with influencing her penchant for unearthing decorating treasures. "I have been yard sale-ing and hunting for treasures since I was a…
Inside Jonathan Adler's Duplex, an Ever-Changing Creative Lab Packed With His Own Creations
Furnishings guru opens his doors for Adweek's Design Issue
By Robert Klara on Aug. 30, 2015 - 9:46 PM EDT
On a few weekends each year, an arts and crafts fair sets up shop along University Place, a narrow, leafy street in New York's Greenwich Village that borders the apartment…
Refinery29 Expands on Women's Lifestyle Coverage to Include Hard News
Beyond fashion and beauty, a sort of 'Vice for women'
By Michelle Castillo on Apr. 29, 2015 - 4:19 PM EDT
Refinery 29 has made a name for itself as a place for millennial women to learn more about fashion and beauty. Now, the media company is expanding its reach to…
Former NBCU Exec Lauren Zalaznick Discusses Her Role With Refinery29
Lifestyle publisher hopes to bolster growth through entertainment vertical
By Michelle Castillo on Jul. 9, 2014 - 6:58 PM EDT
Millennial fashion, beauty and lifestyle website Refinery29 announced today that Lauren Zalaznick will be joining the company as a strategic adviser. The New York-based company said that the former NBCU…
NBA Fashion Is Ruling Instagram Video
Tops brand charts for the second consecutive week
By Christopher Heine on May. 9, 2014 - 3:52 PM EDT
It's partly due to excitement currently generated by the National Basketall Association playoffs, but the pro hoops brand has been killing it on Instagram video. For the second consecutive week,…