text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Publication date
|May 14, 1957
|Filing date
|Apr 19, 1955
|Priority date
|Apr 19, 1955
|Publication number
|Raymond E Boss
|Original Assignee
|United States Steel Corp
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (5), Referenced by (15), Classifications (17)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
y 4, 1957 R. E. BOSS 2,792,073
AIR FILTER AND OILER FOR PNEUMATIC TOOLS Filed April 19, 1955 a a 0 K //V VEN TOR. RAYMOND E. 80.98,
h/s Attorney.
United Statesv Patent 2,1 ,013 AIR FILTER OILERFOR PNEUMATIC TOOLS Raymond E. Boss, Clair-ton, 2a., assignor to United States The present invention relates to a combined air filter andl lubricator especially suitable for use with pneumatic too s.
Portable pneumatic tools, such as chipping hammers, concrete busters, etc., are utilized to a considerable extent throughout modern industrial plants in construction and maintenance work. The air required for the operation of these tools is usually supplied from a central air compressor station by means of a network of piping which carries the compressed air to numerous outlets located at various points throughout the plant. The portable air tools are connected to the air outlets by means of flexible hoses with suitable connections. Rust and foreign matter frequently accumulate in the air supply piping, especially the sections which are idle over long periods of time, and as a result, the tools are sometimes damaged from the carryover of particles of rust and foreign matter. Also, proper operation of these tools requires that they be constantly lubricated in order to maintain them in eflicient operating condition. For various reasons proper lubrication is sometimes neglected so that damage to the moving parts occurs. The invention I propose eliminates or minimizes the possibility of damage from the sources just described by filtering the air and imparting a lubricant thereto before it enters the pneumatic tool.
It is, accordingly, an object of my invention to provide a combined air filter and lubricator device which can be easily installed in an air line and which will simultaneously filter and impart lubricant to air passing through the line by causing it to flow through an oil-bearing filtering medium.
This and other objects will become more apparent after referring to, the following specification and attached drawing.
In the drawing aifixed to this specification and forming part thereof, a preferred embodiment of my invention is illustrated in a side elevational view partly in longitudinal section.
Referring more particularly to the drawing, reference numeral 2 designates the main body or housing of the device of the invention. The main body is in the form of an open end cylinder threaded at its ends to accommodate an inlet reducer 4 at one end and an outlet reducer 6 on the other end by which the main body is connected in a compressed air supply line 8. The main body 2 is provided with a transverse opening 10 through the Wall thereof which serves as a lubricating inlet and communicates with a pipe or tube 12 which is attached to and projects normally from the main body 2 to a connection with an elongated, cylindrical oil reservoir 14. The oil reservoir 14 has closed ends and extends parallel with the main body 2. Oil reservoir 14 is provided with an oil outlet 16 intermediate its ends which communicates with the pipe 12. An oil inlet 18 having an internally threaded tubular projection 20 extending therefrom is provided in the wall of the reservoir 14 opposite Patented 'May 14, 1957 the opening 16. A vented cap 22 is threaded into the tubular projection 20 for sealing the reservoir. The upper portion'of the pipe 12 is-internally threaded so as to re- 'ceive a threaded and bored plug 24.
A perforated retaining sleeve 26 having a closed perforated end 28 and a flanged open end 30 is fitted in the main body 2 with closed end 28 toward the outlet end of the body 2. The diameter of the flanged open end 30 is less than the outside diameter of the main body 2 but greater than the inside diameter thereof so that, in position, the flange around the end 30 abuts the inlet end of the body 2 and thereby prevents longitudinal displacement of the sleeve in the direction of air flow. A filtering medium 32, which may be made of suitable fibrous material such as horse hair, glass wool, etc., is contained in the retaining sleeve 26 and serves to remove foreign matter from the air passing through the body 2.
A permeable fibrous material 34, such as a lamp wick or the like, is contained in the pipe 12 between the plug 24 and the main body oil inlet 10 for the purpose of retarding the flow of oil from the reservoir into the main body 2. In other words the lamp wick functions as an oil dispenser causing the oil to pass into the main body 2, drop by drop.
In operation, as the compressed air passes through the main body 2 in the direction indicated by the arrow the foreign matter such as rust or dirt is filtered out and the air picks up fine particles of oil from the oil-soaked filtering medium 32. The oil is thus carried to the moving parts of the pneumatic tool (not shown) to which the supply line 8 is connected. Thus, the combined air filter and lubricator of my invention minimizes the possibility of damage to the moving parts of the pneumatic tool by simultaneously removing foreign matter from the compressed air supply and imparting lubricant thereto to be carried to the tool constantly as it operates.
Although I have shown the device of my invention as being used in a horizontal position it will be understood that it functions as eifectively where used in a vertical position. The shape of the oil reservoir 14 makes it effective regardless of the position of the device when in service. The flow of air through the main body 2 provides sufficient suction to draw the oil from the reservoir 14.
While one embodiment of my invention has been shown and described, it will be apparent that other adaptations and modifications may be made without departing from the scope of the following claims.
I claim:
1. In an air supply line for a pneumatic tool the improvement therewith of a combined air filtering and tool lubricating device, said device comprising an elongated housing having inlet and outlet ends disposed in said air supply line and adapted to have air pass therethrough, said housing having a transverse opening through the wall thereof intermediate its ends, a perforated retaining sleeve having a closed perforated end in said housing in proximity to said transverse opening with said closed end disposed toward the outlet end of said housing, a fibrous air filtering material contained in said sleeve, a closed end liquid lubricant reservoir tube disposed adjacent to and parallel with said housing, said reservoir tube having an outlet intermediate its ends opposite the transverse opening in said housing wall, a pipe attached to and extending between said reservoir and said housing with one end communicating with the outlet in said reservoir and its other end communicating with said transverse opening, a plug having a center hole therethrough threaded into the end of said pipe adjacent said reservoir outlet, liquid permeable material contained in said pipe between said plug and said transverse opening for retarding the flow of lubricant from said reservoir into said housing, said reservoir tube having an inlet intermediate its ends, and a cap threaded into said inlet.
2. In an air supply line for a pneumatic tool the improvement therewith of a combined air filtering and tool lubricating device, said device comprising an elongated housing having inlet and outlet ends disposed in said air supply line and adapted to have air pass therethrough, said housing having a transverse opening through the wall thereof intermediate its ends constituting a lubricant inlet, a perforated retaining sleeve having a closed perforated end in said housing disposed in proximity to said lubricant inlet with said closed end directed toward the outlet end of said housing, fibrous air filtering material contained in said sleeve, a liquid lubricant reservoir laterally adjacent said housing, said reservoir having an 1 outlet but otherwise being closed, a tube connection between the outlet of said reservoir and said lubricant inlet for conducting liquid lubricant from said reservoir to said housing, a plug having an axial hole therethrough disposed in said tube connection adjacent said reservoir, a mass of liquid permeable material in said tube connection between said plug and said lubricant inlet for retarding the flow of lubricant into said housing.
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 450,091 Woolley Apr. 7, 1891 1,113,342 Hills Oct. 13, 1914 FOREIGN PATENTS 358,609 Great Britain Oct. 15, 1931 374,095 Great Britain May 24, 1932 424,387 Germany Jan. 25, 1926
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Sep 26, 1890
|Apr 7, 1891
|Vaporizer for gas-engines
|Jun 22, 1912
|Oct 13, 1914
|Henry A Hills
|Filtering device.
|Jan 25, 1926
|G Hausherr Maschf
|Selbsttaetige Schmiervorrichtung fuer Pressluftwerkzeuge
|Title not available
|Title not available
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Jun 16, 1970
|Apr 3, 1973
|Scragg E
|Method of lubricating pneumatic machines and apparatus therefor
|Apr 8, 1974
|Jun 15, 1976
|Flatland Lloyd P
|Dental handpiece
|Aug 13, 1974
|Oct 5, 1976
|Katumi Suzuki
|Humidifier for aqualung equipment
|Jul 13, 1992
|Apr 19, 1994
|Welker Engineering, Inc.
|Mercaptan injection apparatus for use with a pipeline
|Oct 26, 1995
|Jun 10, 1997
|Max Co., Ltd.
|Air filter assembly for pneumatic tool
|Dec 18, 1995
|Jan 6, 1998
|Gema Volstatic Ag
|Powder coating system
|Jun 26, 2002
|Jul 26, 2005
|Medtronic, Inc.
|Lubrication cartridge for a pneumatically powered surgical instrument
|Jun 11, 2009
|Oct 9, 2012
|Medtronic Xomed, Inc.
|Lubrication and exhaust system for a powered surgical instrument
|Oct 8, 2012
|Jun 11, 2013
|Medtronic Xomed, Inc.
|Lubrication and exhaust system for a powered surgical instrument
|Jun 10, 2013
|Jul 1, 2014
|Medtronic Xomed, Inc.
|Lubrication and exhaust system for a powered surgical instrument
|Oct 31, 2003
|Sep 15, 2005
|Medtronic, Inc.
|Lubrication system for a powered surgical instrument
|Jan 19, 2006
|Jul 27, 2006
|Black & Decker Inc.
|Filter for pneumatic tool
|Jun 10, 2013
|Oct 17, 2013
|Medtronic Xomed, Inc.
|Lubrication And Exhaust System For A Powered Surgical Instrument
|Jun 27, 2002
|Jan 9, 2003
|Medtronic Inc D B A Medtronic
|Lubrication cartridge for a pneumatically powered surgical instrument
|Jun 8, 2010
|Dec 16, 2010
|Medtronic Xomed, Inc.
|Lubrication and exhaust system for a powered surgical instrument
|U.S. Classification
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification


text:
Page 1
CC chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) promotes prostate cancer
tumorigenesis and metastasis
Jian Zhang1, Lalit Patel1, and Kenneth J. Pienta1
1Departments of Medicine and Urology, Michigan Center for Translational Pathology and the
University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
CCL2 is a chemokine known to recruit monocytes and macrophages to sites of inflammation. A
growing body of research suggests CCL2 is progressively overexpressed in tumor beds and may
play a role in the clinical progression of solid tumors. Cancer cells derived from several solid
tumor types demonstrate functional receptors for CCL2, suggesting this chemokine may achieve
tumorigenicity through direct effects on malignant cells; however, a variety of normal host cells
that co-exist with cancer in the tumor microenvironment also respond to CCL2. These cells
include macrophages, osteoclasts, endothelial cells, T-lymphocytes, and myeloid-derived immune
suppressor cells (MDSCs). CCL2 mediated interactions between normal and malignant cells in the
tumor microenvironment and plays a multi-faceted role in tumor progression.
CCL2; CCR2; tumorigenesis; metastasis; prostate cancer
1. Introduction
Cancer cells coexist in the tumor microenvironment with normal host cells, including
hematopoietic precursors. While some host cells inhibit cancer growth, many produce a
multitude of soluble factors and nutrients that promote tumor progression and growth. In
turn, cancer cells provide growth factors, cytokines, and chemokines that promote host cell
proliferation and survival. Understanding the factors that contribute to this vicious cycle of
cooperation is of primary importance to understanding malignant progression and has
revealed new therapeutic targets for cancer treatment.
Altered regulation of chemokines and their receptors has been demonstrated to promote
tumor development and progression through multiple mechanisms including enhanced
proliferation, increased invasiveness, increased angiogenesis, and recruitment of immune
cells [as reviewed in [1-3]]. Among the many chemokines and their receptor pairs, CC
© 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Correspondence to: Dr. Kenneth J Pienta, MD, 1500 E. Medical Center Drive, 7303 CCC, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5946. Phone:
734-647-3421 Fax: 734-647-9480 firstname.lastname@example.com .
Publisher's Disclaimer: This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our
customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of
the resulting proof before it is published in its final citable form. Please note that during the production process errors may be
discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.
NIH Public Access
Author Manuscript
Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2011 February 1.
Published in final edited form as:
Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 2010 February ; 21(1): 41–48. doi:10.1016/j.cytogfr.2009.11.009.
NIH-PA Author Manuscript
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chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) and its receptor CCR2 have recently been shown to play key
roles in promoting tumorigenesis and metastasis [as reviewed in [4]].
CCL2 is a member of the CC chemokine family that regulates the recruitment of monocytes,
macrophages, and other inflammatory cells to sites of inflammation via activation of CCR2
[5]. In addition to its role in inflammatory responses, CCL2 has been demonstrated to
directly stimulate prostate cancer cell chemoattraction, proliferation, and survival [6-8].
CCL2 has also been shown to play a central role in the maturation of osteoclasts in the
microenvironment of skeletal metastases [9]. The multiple roles of CCL2 in the promotion
of tumorigenesis make the CCL2/CCR2 axis an attractive therapeutic target for cancer
treatment (Figure 1 and Table 1).
2. CCL2 and its receptor CCR2
CCL2, also known as monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), was first identified by
its ability to attract monocytes in vitro [10-12]. CCL2 is a 76-amino acid polypeptide and is
a member of the C-C chemokine family characterized by adjacent cysteine residues. It binds
with high affinity to the seven transmembrane G–protein coupled receptor CCR2. The CCL2
gene is one of several cytokine genes clustered on the q-arm of chromosome 17 [13].
Investigations of CCL2 and CCR2 genotypic variants through single-nucleotide
polymorphism (SNP) analysis suggest that this chemokine may play a role in host
susceptibility to the development of cancer and/or cancer metastasis. For example, CCL2
SNPs have been shown to associate with chronic myelogenous leukemia risk [14]. The
−2518 G/A SNP occurs in the promoter region of the CCL2 gene. Carriers of the G-allele
demonstrate elevated CCL2 transcription [15]. A study of 83 woman from northern Italy
undergoing surgery for breast cancer found G-allele carrier status strongly correlates with
the presence of metastases at the time of operation [16]. Carriers of the A-allele were prone
to developing distant metastasis following radiation therapy when compared to G/G
heterozygotes in a study of 411 nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients [17]. Although no
association was observed between prostate cancer risk and the CCL2 2518 G/A
polymorphism [18], the role of this SNP in prostate cancer progression and metastases
remains an open question.
The CCR2 gene, residing in the chemokine receptor gene cluster region, encodes two
isoforms. CCR2 mRNA and protein are differentially expressed by various cancer cell lines
including prostate, lung, breast cancer, and myeloma [as reviewed in [4]]. Certain prostate
cancer cell lines were responsive to CCL2 in proliferation and in vitro cell invasion assays
[6,8], indicating the presence of functional CCR2 receptors. Furthermore, CCR2 antagonist
only partially inhibited CCL2-induced proliferation and invasion, suggesting the presence of
other functional CCL2 receptors with functional redundancy [8]. Although all prostate
cancer cells express CCR2 mRNA and protein, more aggressive cancer cells express higher
levels of CCR2 when compared to less aggressive or benign prostatic cells. Diminished
CCL2-induced prostate cancer cell invasion and proliferation demonstrated by short-hairpin
RNA (shRNA) knockdowns of CCR2 in the prostate cancer cell lines C4-2B and PC3 [19]
reiterates the connection between activation of the CCL2/CCR2 axis and the phenotype of
aggressive prostate cancer. Interestingly, the I-allele of the CCR2-V64I polymorphism
studied extensively as a source of genetic variation in clinical HIV progression [20] may
protect against sporadic breast cancer [21] and invasive cervical carcinoma development
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3. CCL2 is present in the tumor microenvironment
CCL2 expression has been demonstrated in many cancer types including prostate, breast,
lung, melanoma, ovary, gastric, renal, colorectal, esophageal and multiple myeloma [as
reviewed in [4]]. Prostate cancer in particular demonstrated elevated CCL2 expression in
malignancies when compared to benign prostatic tissues [8]. One study identified 4-fold
upregulation of CCL2 as determined by cytokine antibody arrays comparing the tumor-bone
microenvironment to non-neoplastic bone [6]. CCL2 is expressed not only in tumor cells,
but also in osteoblasts and bone marrow endothelial cells [23,24]. It was also reported that
parathyroid hormone-related peptide (PTHrP) can upregulate CCL2 in both osteoblasts and
bone marrow endothelial cells [9]. Although the primary source of CCL2 in bones still needs
to be identified, it has been demonstrated that CCL2 contributes to prostate cancer sketetal
metastasis through both direct effects on prostate cancer cells and indirect effects on
osteoclast activity in tumor-induced bone lesions [25].
4. The effect of CCL2 on cancer cells
4.1. CCL2 and prostate cancer cell proliferation and survival
Recombinant human CCL2 induces dose-dependent prostate cancer cell proliferation in
vitro through the activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT pathway [6,8].
In addition, this activation of the AKT pathway also provides cancer cells with a survival
advantage through up-regulation of survivin [26]. Specifically, PI3K/Akt activation by
CCL2 mediates mTORC1 activation, survivin up-regulation, and subsequent down-
regulation of autophagosome formation. Autophagy protects cells from nutrient depletion
stress; however, excessive autophagy will result in cell death [27]. As survivin may be a key
molecule protecting prostate cancer cells from autophagic death (Figure 2), combination
therapy targeting both CCL2 and the PI3K/Akt/mTOR/survivin pathways may become a
clinical strategy to overcome therapeutic resistance.
4.2. CCL2 and prostate cancer cell migration and metastasis
CCL2 is chemotatic for prostate cancer cells in both autocrine and paracrine manners [6,8].
CCL2 induces actin rearrangement through phosphorylation of p70-S6 kinase (a
downstream target of Akt) and activates the small GTPase Rac through the actin-associated
protein PCNT1 [28]. This activation of Rac allows the cells to undergo diapedesis through
the bone marrow endothelium. This migration is mediated in part by thrombin/thrombin
receptor facilitated positioning of cancer cells in a "ready state" for migration in response to
a chemotactic signal (23). Taken together, these data suggest that CCL2 has a significant
role in promoting prostate cancer cell extravasation into the bone microenvironment.
5. CCL2 and tumor angiogenesis
Angiogenesis correlates with cancer progression and/or poor prognosis in a variety of solid
tumors [29]. The process can be activated at different stages of tumor development,
depending on the cancer types and the tumor microenvironment. Identifying critical
angiogenic factors and mediators in the tumor microenvironment remains an important
Previous findings suggest that CCL2 can directly mediate angiogenesis in endothelial cells,
which express CCR2 [30]. Human brain endothelial cells, human umbilical cord vein
endothelial cells (HUVEC), and human dermal microvascular endothelial cells (HDMVEC)
were reported to express CCR2 and respond to CCL2 by forming more vessel spouts in vitro
[30,31]. It was reported in a study of prostate cancer angiogenesis that CCL2 stimulated
tumor cells to produce proangiogenic factor(s) instead of directly stimulating bone marrow
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endothelial cells (HBMEs) [32]. Conditioned media from CCL2-treated PC-3 cells
significantly increased sprout formation in HBMEs, whereas pretreating PC-3 cells with
anti-CCL2 antibody abolished this effect. CCL2 itself failed to directly stimulate capillary
tube formation by HBMEs. The antibody against human CCL2 CNTO 888 also had no
effect as a monotherapy on capillary tube formation; however, CCL2 increased VEGF-A
mRNA expression levels in PC-3 cells after 4-6 hours of treatment. The induction of VEGF-
A mRNA expression in PC-3 cells was blocked by pretreatment with a neutralizing
antibody, indicating this induction was mediated by CCL2 (Figure 3).
In addition, it has been shown that systemic administration of CCL2 neutralizing antibodies
significantly decrease PC3 tumor burden in vivo and dramatically reduce tumor blood vessel
density [32]. Similar findings were reported in a subcutaneous VCaP xenograft model [33].
In that study, VCaP cells were implanted in SCID mice and monitored for tumor growth and
microvascular density. Systemic administration of CCL2 neutralizing antibodies
significantly reduced VCaP tumor growth and decreased tumor microvascular density.
Therefore, these results support that CCL2 promotes the tumor angiogenesis both in vitro
and in vivo.
In other tumor types such as breast cancer and multiple myeloma, CCL2 expression has
been reported to associate with tumor progression and angiogenesis [as reviewed in [34,35]].
CCL2 was suggested to induce angiogenesis through multiple mechanisms including direct
induction of VEGF-A [36] and hypoxia inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) [37]. CCL2 can also
stimulate angiogenesis through the attraction of tumor associated macrophages (TAMs)
which are known to secrete VEGF [38]. TAMs are a major component in the inflammatory
response and produce a variety of growth factors for epithelial and endothelial cells, as well
as inflammatory cytokines and chemokines that contribute to the tumor cell survival,
proliferation, and invasion.
6. CCL2 and TAMs in the tumor progression
Many solid tumors contain an inflammatory infiltrate that often comprises a majority of the
cells in the tumor's mass [39]. In many tumors, the majority of the infiltrating cells are
TAMs derived from myeloid progenitor cells in the bone marrow compartment [40].
Myeloid progenitor cells develop into pro-monocytes in the bone marrow prior to being
released into the circulation where they undergo differentiation into monocytes. Monocytes
then migrate into tissues where they differentiate into resident macrophages, protect against
infection, and respond to tissue injury. In cancer these cells differentiate into TAMs;
however, it is not clear whether TAMs are derived from peripheral blood monocytes
recruited into tumors from the circulation or from resident macrophages present in the
otherwise healthy tissue where a tumor develops [41].
Macrophages demonstrate functional "polarization" toward one of two phenotypically
distinct macrophage subsets: TH1 (also known as M1 macrophages) or TH2 (also known as
M2 macrophages). M1 macrophages are known to produce pro-inflammatory cytokines and
play an active role in cell destruction, whereas M2 macrophages primarily scavenge debris,
promote angiogenesis, and facilitate wound repair [42]. The M2 macrophage population is
thought to be phenotypically similar to the TAM population [40].
TAMs have been demonstrated to play a direct role in the regulation of tumor growth and
angiogenesis in prostatic malignancies [33]. Elevated expression by both cancer and stromal
cells of a number of monocyte chemoattractants including CCL2, CCL3, CCL4, CCL5
(RANTES), and CCL8 has been shown to positively correlate with increased TAM numbers
in several human tumors [43,44]. Specifically, CCL2 has been demonstrated to regulate
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monoctye/macrophage trafficking and has been reported to be present in prostatic tumor
beds (Figure 4), suggesting a role for this chemokine in TAM recruitment [45].
7. The effect of CCL2 on osteoclasts
Prostate cancer preferentially metastasizes to bone, resulting in high mortality.
Histopathological examination of tumor-induced bone lesions reveals a mixture of pre-
requisite osteolytic bone resorption and a predominantly bone forming osteoblastic reaction.
The tumor-induced osteoclast activity is essential for prostate cancer establishment in the
bone microenvironment.
It has been reported that blocking Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor KappaB Ligand
(RANKL) in murine models partially inhibits the establishment and progression of prostatic
tumors in bone [46]; however, the cell line used in these studies produced very low levels of
RANKL, suggesting other soluble factors may mediate prostate cancer-induced osteoclast
activity. Recently, it was reported that CCL2 significantly induces osteoclast fusion both in
vitro [25] and in vivo [32]. Human bone marrow mononuclear cells (HBMC) cultured in
vitro using conditioned media collected from prostate cancer PC3 cell cultures differentiated
into bone resorbing osteoclast-like cells (Figure 5). Both recombinant human CCL2 and
IL-8 directly stimulated HBMC differentiation into osteoclast-like cells, but only IL-8
induced bone resorption on dentin slices following 21 days of culture in the absence of
RANKL. Nevertheless, conditioned media-induced bone resorption was inhibited by a
CCL2 neutralizing antibody. The inhibition was enhanced by combining CCL2 neutralizing
antibody with an IL-8 neutralizing antibody, indicating that CCL2 and IL-8 cooperatively
mediate tumor-induced osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption. In support of this findings,
another report showed CD11b+ cells isolated from human peripheral blood differentiate into
functional osteoclasts when grown in PC3 conditioned media [47].
The effects of CCL2 on osteoclastogenesis were further demonstrated in vivo using
intratibial-injections of prostate cancer cells in mice as a preclinical mouse model of prostate
cancer bone metastasis [32]. Systemic treatment with CCL2 antibody not only deceased
tumor burden, but also decreased osteoclast numbers at the tumor–bone interface in this
model. These observations were accompanied by a decrease in the serum marker of bone
resorption TRAP5b [32]. These results demonstrate an active role for CCL2 in tumor-
induced osteoclastogenesis.
8. The effects of CCL2 on T lymphocytes in the tumor microenvironment
Several studies have demonstrated CCL2 overexpression at sites of inflammation and the
contribution of CCL2 to the inflammatory components of such diseases as atherosclerosis,
multiple sclerosis, and rheumatoid arthritis [5,48]. In addition, growing evidence has
implicated chemokines as a key component of cancer-related inflammation due to the role of
chemokines in inflammatory cell recruitment and function in the tumor microenvironment
[36]. Although, CCL2 is chemoattractant not only for inflammatory monocytes, but also for
memory T-lymphocytes, natural killer cells, and perhaps dendritic cells [49]. Several studies
indicate that CCL2 may also influence T-cell differentiation and function.
T-lymphocytes express the CCR2 and may react to CCL2 to differentiate into Th2 "helper"
T-cells [50]. Th2 cells are a subset of CD4+ T-helper cells that stimulate B-lymphocytes to
produce antibody and suppress the action of cytotoxic CD8+ T-cells [51]. The Karpus group
showed that naïve T-lymphocytes from TCR transgenic mice differentiate toward a Th1
phenotype in vitro when exposed to antigen in the presence of macrophage inflammatory
protein-1a [52]. In contrast, the same cells became Th2-like in the presence of CCL2. CCL2-
induced Th2 differentiation was blocked by a neutralizing antibody against IL-4, suggesting
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
H.Amdt.266 to H.R.1214112th Congress (2011-2012)
AmendmentHide Overview icon-hide
|Amends Bill:
|H.R.1214 — To repeal mandatory funding for school-based health center construction.
|Rep. Pallone, Frank, Jr. [D-NJ-6] (Offered 05/03/2011)
|Latest Action:
|On agreeing to the Pallone amendment (A002) Failed by recorded vote: 205 - 210 (Roll no. 288). (consideration: CR H3038) (05/04/2011)
Amendments to this Amendment: H.Amdt.266 — 112th Congress (2011-2012)
No amendment information was received for H.Amdt. 266.


text:
how to build a fire with just an orange
Posted on Jul 27, 2012
I show you how to make fire using only an orange a stick and a rock ..make...6,292 views youtube.com
how to build a fire with just an orange
pineapples are like napalm if you combine with an egg. Just mash up 1 whole pineapplr with 6 eggs... get a nice slurry. Allow it to sit for about 20 mins. The cellulases in the egg will breakdown the complex sugars of the pineapple and chemically cook it. Some of the by products are methane, ethanol, and a nitrogenous base similar to TNT... Keep away from open flames.


text:
El Delfin Verde
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Day 8: Ibiza
In the morning Mike and I went running then got juice from Wild Beets. Everyone headed to the Salinas beach and got a bed at Jockey Club. Rachael and I went shopping at the boutique near the beach. We tried to meet up with everyone near Ushaiua but snuck in a side door into the hotel and got into the BBC concert, where Calvin Harris performed. Afterwards we all drank on the beach then went to a hip hop club called ...
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Hotel Roberto PlayaCalle Galicia 22, Ibiza Town | 2 star hotelfrom $51
Hotel MontesolPaseo Vara de Rey, Ibiza Town | 3 star hotelfrom $110
Hotel CenitArchiduque Luis Salvador S/N, Ibiza Town | 2 star hotelfrom $79
Hostal Europa PunicoC/ Aragon,28, Ibiza Town | 1 star hotelfrom $70
Finca Can XuxuCarretera Cala Tarida, S/N, Ibiza Town | Hotelfrom $197
La Torre del CanonigoMayor 8, Ibiza Town | 4 star hotelfrom $386
Hotel La VentanaSa Carrossa, 13, Ibiza Town | 3 star hotelfrom $219
El CorsarioCarrer Ponent 5, Ibiza Town | Hotelfrom $267
Can Guillem HotelCta. de Santa Gertrudis Km. 0,100, Ibiza Town | Hotelfrom $211
Hotel Mirador de Dalt VilaPlaza de Espana 4, Ibiza Town | 5 star hotelfrom $441


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7/22/2014 (1 year ago)
Catholic Online (www.catholic.org)
Prayer changes and adapts to the circumstances of our life. We will pray differently after we have worked hard all day and are tired as opposed to when we are just waking up in the morning. The rhythms of our life will also alter how we relate to the Lord. Learning how to adapt our prayer is not so much a one size fits all.
Catholic Online (www.catholic.org)
7/22/2014 (1 year ago)
Published in Blog
Keywords: God, prayer, lord, refuge, relating,
ELIZABETH CITY, NC - The Apostolic tradition, integrating both Eastern and Western Christianity, proposes a vast variety of ways of relating to the Lord. The saint is the one who has learned how to harness prayer as the life force of daily activity. Prayer changes and adapts to the circumstances of our life.
The problem is that people get stuck into patterns of prayer that can limit their potential. They do not allow their prayer life to mature and expand. This does not mean that we should abandon a consistent regiment of prayer.
Prayer is a refuge, light a virtual prayer candle
As a deacon, the main structure of my prayer is the liturgy of the hours. For others, it may include a daily recitation of the rosary or a set series of litanies and novenas. Such a rhythm of prayer is essential. The problem comes, when we think that our prayer is limited only to our formal practice
The answer is to let our prayer grow into an integration of what I call the 'ways of relating to the Lord.' As this happens and we learn to adapt our prayer to what we are experiencing, we find that our Lord becomes the constant refuge in the midst of our daily lives.
Instead of prayer and meditation being something we do when we have the time, it becomes the anchor that keeps us aware of the moment and in tune with the promptings of the Spirit. This leads to what St. John of the Cross calls a "habitual remembrance of God." In other words, we cultivate an awareness to the indwelling of the Holy Spirit and the working of Divine providence in our daily lives.
On my website, I highlight the ways we relate to the Lord (http://www.contemplatio.us/the-ways-of-relating/). A good companion to my writing is New Advent's take on the same topic (http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04324b.htm).
In particular, my work is drawn from research I have done in which I have integrated Western and Eastern theology. By this I mean that I integrate insights learned from both the Catholic and Orthodox traditions, both of which participate in a sacramental economy founded on the succession of the Apostles.
In the future, I plan on making my work more scholarly in terms of footnotes and other instruments that will help readers to trace the currents that inform my work. For now, I hope it proves a useful guide to help foster a life of intimacy with Jesus Christ.
Deacon Ian VanHeusen is studying to be a Catholic priest of the Diocese of Raleigh, NC. He writes regularly on his blog www.contemplatio.us.
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Think of Gregorian Chant, and in your mind's eye you are probably seeing monks singing in Latin, in a dark church filled with incense. A modern "Gregorian" series of videos featuring modern popular songs sung in a dirge-like manner have intensified this ... continue reading
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Don't let what other people say or think about you control your destiny. NASHVILLE, TN - I worry way too much about what other people think of me. I worry about how they might respond to the things I say. I worry about what they will think of my actions. While it is ... continue reading
By Michael Seagriff
What do demons, swine and an unwelcoming town have to do with the Eucharist? The Gospel read at Mass one day during my recent silent retreat was from Mathew (8:28-34) - a passage many of us have read or heard numerous times. Although the Eucharist is ... continue reading
By Cheryl Jones
The liberal side likes to silence Christians with the words, "judge not." Usually, liberals do not like references to the Bible. However, one place where they do is where Jesus said, "Judge not, that ye may not be judged." Matthew 7:1 LOS ANGELES, CA - Scriptures ... continue reading
By Shelly A. Schneider
Co-worker Steve is in his late twenties, and teaches me all sorts of new things related to social media, what the kids are doing these days, etc. A couple of weeks ago I heard him mention a term that had yet to permeate my brain: helicopter parents. Being a PR chick in ... continue reading
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I stood side by side with an older gentleman I had met just moments before we found ourselves engrossed in conversation with one another. Initially we were talking about random surface topics, but eventually he began to talk about faith and Church. I'm not sure how the ... continue reading
By Shelly A. Schneider
I'm going to connect Jay Leno and "The Sound of Music." I'm not sure how many moves it will take, but I'll do it! Nashville, TN - Shoulda, Coulda, Woulda. It was one of the bits on "The Tonight Show with Jay Leno," and to tell you the truth, it was my least ... continue reading
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There are still Catholics (albeit their numbers are dwindling) who attend Mass on Sunday, even though some of them often complain that Mass is boring and/or that they get nothing out of it.Let me ask you two questions? CANASTOTA, NY - When was the last time you ... continue reading
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There is always something more that a hungry soul can learn about prayer. I found this to be true during a brief presentation Father John Denburger, OCSO offered at a recent retreat I made at the Abbey at the Genesee in Piffard, New YorkI hope I can do justice to ... continue reading
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In our current culture, we are urged to extraordinary (and often absurd) extremes not to offend anyone with our words - verbal or written. "Better not to offend someone's feelings," the monitors of political correctness urge, "than to share the full and ... continue reading


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Welcome to the University of Florida Organ webpage!
Join the UF Organ Studio on Facebook!
Studio Events for the 2015-2016 year:
*All events held in the University Auditorium, unless otherwise noted.*
OctoberSaturday, Oct. 17, 1:00 pm -- Pipe Organ Demonstration Sunday, Oct. 25, 2:00 pm -- Guest Organist: Christian Lane, presented by UF Performing Arts. Click for ticket information. Friday, Oct. 30, 7:30 pm -- Halloween Program, Combined Organ and Carillon Studios
NovemberTuesday, Nov. 17, 7:30 pm -- Organ Studio Recital
JanuarySaturday, Jan. 9, 10AM -- Gainesville AGO sponsored Masterclass with Todd Wilson Tuesday, Jan. 26, 7:30PM -- Laura Ellis, Faculty Recital
FebruaryFriday, Feb. 26, 7:30 pm -- Guest Organist: Cameron Carpenter, presented by UF Performing Arts. Click for ticket information.
MarchSaturday, Mar. 12, 1:00 pm -- Pipe Organ Demonstration
AprilMonday, April 11, 7:30 pm -- Organ Studio Recital May 2-3, 2015 -- "Inspiring Worship:" UF's 9th Annual Sacred Music Workshop
This schedule is subject to change - check back often for updates!


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ClimeCo Corporation Purchases Environmental Credit Corp.
Placing ClimeCo as the top GHG project developer in the U.S. for compliance & voluntary projects
BOYERTOWN (August 27, 2015) – ClimeCo Corporation's current position as top provider of voluntary carbon credits under the Climate Action Reserve expands with the purchase of Environmental Credit Corp., signed into agreement August 24, 2015.
"ClimeCo has been purchasing top-quality carbon offsets from Environmental Credit Corp. since 2011," stated ClimeCo president – William Flederbach. "Both entities were established upon a commitment to the idea that environmental protection makes good economic sense, and taking responsibility for the emissions we generate can be managed economically."


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Bev and Greg early 60s, live in New Zealand, 15 minutes drive from the capital city. Our two daughters have both left home for London and Sydney. Now it is just us and our adorable dog, Zara. We love the outdoors so enjoy walking, cycling, playing sports etc. We love to have different experiences on our holidays - trying new foods, cultures, adventures, meeting new people and learning about their cultures and viewpoints. Over several years we opened our home to numerous exchange students and introduced them to all things Kiwi.
We have stayed in more than 16 places via the airbnb website and we have house-minded & pet-minded for 6 families in France, Italy, Germany and Cyprus. We have also done several weeks "workaway" with families in Austria and Greece.
We like to make the most of every day and take opportunities and challenges that come our way. We think we enrich our lives and others's lives by spending quality time with people, appreciating similarities and understanding differences.
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When an application to replace a cottage was rejected, RCKa found that an anomaly in permitted development rules provided the key to giving its clients the home they wanted
Westminster City Council has agreed to back an enforcement order which calls for a property firm to rebuild an exact replica of a pub it demolished without permission
Westminster City Council looks set to force the developer behind the demolition of an historic London pub to rebuild an exact replica on the site
Westminster City Council is seeking legal advice after a developer demolished a 1920s public house which was due to be recommended for listing
Controversial plans to close Manchester's Library Walk between 10pm and 6am have been approved by the Planning Inspectorate
ScanLAB has revealed a video showing the transformation of the Bartlett's temporary home in Hampstead Road, London
Six months on, changes to the RIBA Plan of Work have not been adopted by the majority of the construction industry, writes Laura Mark
Legalese: Make sure your professional indemnity insurance reflects a realistic level of risk for the project in hand, says Mark Klimt
Architect Julie Humphryes, who recently won a £250,000 payout after a court ruled she had been the target of sexist bullying, talks exclusively to the AJ about her experience
Legalese: A letter of intent needs to be handled with the level of care appropriate to a full appointment, says Mark Klimt
Legalese: Architects need to be cautious about the potential for risks arising from the increasingly common use of non-disclosure agreements, says Mark Klimt
Legalese: The new CDM regulations came into force this month, with the principal designer taking on significant responsibilities, writes Mark Klimt
The number of black and ethnic minority architectural professionals (BAME) fell by 9.4 per cent last year, according to new research
This CPD is sponsored by VMZINC. It aims to help specifiers gain knowledge about the use of zinc products in the construction process. This CPD explores the science behind the products and the benefits of using zinc.
Continuing the series looking at the October changes to Building Regs this month Geoff Wilkinson sets out the key changes to access to dwellings brought about by the government's Housing Standards Review
Embodied Carbon Week will help boost the industry's expertise in emissions reduction, says Kristian Steele
Defra should not treat biodiversity like pieces on a chessboard, to be moved about at will, says Rory Bergin
The Code for Sustainable Homes is an unworkable muddle and we won't mourn its passing, says Julia Park


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Working at Northeastern
Welcome and thank you for your interest in a career with Northeastern Illinois University.
About Northeastern
We are located on 67 acres in a residential area on the northwest side of Chicago with three additional campuses in the metropolitan area: The Carruthers Center for Inner City Studies, El Centro and the Center for College Access and Success. We are also a founding member of the University Center of Lake County consortium campus in suburban Lake County, north of Chicago. Our total student enrollment is nearly 10,000 students in more than 80 undergraduate and graduate programs in the arts, sciences, education, and business.
Here at Northeastern Illinois University, we offer more than an education - we offer a rewarding working environment for our student, staff, and faculty employees. Our faculty and staff are smart and dedicated people who work to create an excellent urban university experience for bright and motivated students.
Northeastern Illinois University values its employees and seeks to foster an inclusive workplace. We are an Affirmative Action and Equal Opportunity employer with a strong commitment to diversity. In that spirit, we are always interested in receiving applications from a diverse pool of candidates.
Employee Benefits
- Professional Development and Training
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- Employee Excellence Awards
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- Educational Benefits
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- Employee Assistance Program
- Health and Fitness Facility
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Collective Bargaining Units
Northeastern Illinois University recognizes the unions below as the exclusive bargaining agent for the employees covered under their respective Agreements.
- American Federation of State, County and Municipal Employees, Local 1989 (AFSCME)
- International Brotherhood of Teamsters, Local 700
- International Union of Operating Engineers, Local 399 (IUOE)
- Metropolitan Alliance of Police, #630 (MAP)
- University Professionals of Illinois, Local 4100 (UPI)
News & Announcements
Northeastern to host sixth annual NETT Day
4 hours agoGeorge Vukotich from 1871 and Keith Wakeman from SuperBetter will deliver the keynote addresses during Northeastern Illinois University's sixth annual NETT Day on Oct. 15. Vukotich,…
Northeastern to host second annual Disability Awareness Days event.
4 hours agoAmerican artist and activist Riva Lehrer, whose work focuses on issues of physical identity and the socially challenged body, will present "Disability & Queer Identity"…
Ensemble Español launches 40th anniversary fundraising campaign
4 days agoIn tribute to the Ensemble Español Spanish Dance Theater's 40th anniversary season, the company has announced a yearlong fundraising campaign titled 40 for 40. The campaign…


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PHOTOS: Balloons involved in Tuesday accidents
46. Massachusetts' smoking rate among adults is 14.1%.
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See other Bucharest properties
The Cozyness Downtown Hostel
Real Reviews
Real reviews from fellow travellers
These are trusted reviews from guests who have actually stayed here. We hope you find them helpful.
Note: we only give a property a rating once it has received a minimum of 3 reviews.
- Page:1/1
- " Very nice hostel with a lovely and friendly atmosphere. Staff were incredibly friendly, and facilities were great. We were in a room on the top floor which was quite hot, but this was to be expected in a non-air conditioned room. "
- 26 Jul 2015 Anonymous England
- " Enjoyed the very friendly way in which I was received upon my arrival and the friendliness of the hostel staff. "
- 20 Nov 2014 Anonymous Canada
- " I've been in many hostels, I rank this hostel one of the best. Friendliest staff, cozy atmosphere, clean and easy to meet fellow travelers . Marius you have a well run hostel operation. You go out of your way to make sure every back packer is enjoying his time in Bucharest. Vladimir "
- 23 Oct 2014 VLADIMIR USA


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Dr. Kim Corrigan-Dankworth Part of a Team that Provided Critical Services
to Over 1,000 in 5 days
SAN DIEGO, Oct. 1 /PRNewswire-USNewswire/ -- Dr. Kim Corrigan-Dankworth is one half of the husband and wife team that makes up La Costa Dental Excellence, a North County dental practice. Dr. Corrigan-Dankworth and her husband usually focus their attention on the dental needs of their North County patients. Recently Dr. Corrigan-Dankworth traveled to the Dominican Republic as part of a group assembled by the international dental organization -- The Crown Council. The group journeyed to remote villages and worked for five days providing much needed dental care to over 1,000 children and adults in the rural areas.
"We quickly realized that five days was nowhere near enough time to care for everyone who needed it. We worked from sun up to sun down to see as many as possible," said Dr. Kim Corrigan-Dankworth. "Those smiles still haunt my dreams," she said.
The team of 30 included six dentists, four dental hygienists and 20 other various staff struggled with both the elements and the primitive conditions while confronting the poor state of dental health of most of the islanders. Dr. Corrigan-Dankworth and her colleagues pulled over 36 teeth deemed beyond repair in one bizarre 90 minute span.
"Less than 6% of the population live above the poverty line. Our patients didn't have the means or the education to care for their teeth," Dr. Corrigan- Dankworth commented. The group had the challenge of their professional lives as they had to jerry-rig flashlights to function as dental lights and lawn chairs became dental chairs. "In spite of all the challenges the entire team felt enriched. For me it was the smile of a little four year old. I was her first dentist. She was all eyes and smiles. I'll never forget her. My life has been changed and I hope I changed a few lives too," said Dr. Corrigan- Dankworth.
Dr. Kim and her
|SOURCE Rae Bella Inc.
Copyright©2007 PR Newswire.
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Annoyed Ford rips off Smurf's head
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Harrison Ford ripped the head off a Smurf on late-night TV on Monday (01Aug11) after confessing he was annoyed that his new blockbuster "Cowboys & Aliens" had tied with the tiny blue munchkins at the top of the U.S. box office this past weekend (31Jul11).
Ford joked he still hadn't come to terms with the fact his movie had to share first place with "The Smurfs" during an appearance on chat show Conan.
He snarled, "We didn't tie; we beat them by almost a lot of money.
"I'm annoyed. My wife (Calista Flockhart) took my son to see "The Smurfs" (and) he got into my movie for free."
When chat show host Conan O'Brien gingerly handed Ford a stuffed Papa Smurf for his son Liam, the actor smiled and said, "I think I'll take it home to Liam. I'm sure he'll love to have it."
The actor then ripped the stuffed toy's head off and insisted on holding onto the decapitated body.
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Results 1 - 11 of 11 Page 1 of 1
Frogg Toggs Dri Duck Hip Waders
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It's like she only knows four English phrases. "This is nice!" "Give it to me!"
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All Comments (24)
It's like she only knows four English phrases. "This is nice!" "Give it to me!"
I wonder who she is i would like to see more movies with her
someone knows other videos whit this guy? please help me!
jess i will be inside you
oh my first kiss was from a nurse, it was in 2004, I was 18 then
look closely he didnt actually fuck her lmao
She made another porn vido to
OMG fucking hard. Sexy. Makes me wanna cum so hard. I want this guy to fuck me OH YA!
i give up
He is really enjoying the pussy.
esta terrible rica la mina, conchesumadre!
i want to fuck him
it sucks being a virgin!
omg he is so fit if ur readin this i want u inside me
She made me cum. She is so horny.
HE made u come? omg ...
itz fake fucking...fake riding....ize that titz hehehe...
this vid makes me cum ova n ova again
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i love the acting in the end.. lol she should get an oscar! haha
His fucking cock is not even in her. check out part 4/5 4:28. You can see that he dick is not inside of her, all she is doing is dry fucking him. Other then this shit is fake, it was a good show. She has nice tits
He made me come so hard!!!!


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Cantaloupe Goat Cheese Salad
Take advantage of fragrant ripe summer melons, pairing them with tangy goat cheese and mint for quick summer dish.
Total Time:
Level: Easy
Yield: 4 main-dish servings
Serves: 4
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- 1 small cantaloupe or honeydew melon
- 1 tbsp. fresh lime or lemon juice
- 1 tbsp. Extra virgin olive oil
- .13 tsp. salt
- 2 oz. fresh goat cheese
- 2 tbsp. fresh mint leaves
- Remove peel and seeds from cantaloupe; discard.
- Cut melon into 1/2-inch chunks. Arrange on large plate. Drizzle lime juice and extra virgin olive oil over melon, then sprinkle with salt. Scatter goat cheese and mint leaves over melon.
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From: Good Housekeeping
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Enchilada Lovers Will Eat Up This Carnitas Enchilada Soup
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Business in brief
ReFinery, a consignment store that celebrates eclectic taste and caters to women with diverse personal styles, recently relocated to 5402 Lakeside Ave. The store offers like-new, ready-to-wear condition apparel and accessories in sizes ranging from petite to plus that are current, classic and unusual. ReFinery will also offer a sampling of menswear and accessories and decorative items for the home or gifts. The business was established in 2008 and is locally owned. Store hours are Tuesday-Saturday from 10 a.m. to 6 p.m. Merchandise is accepted by appointment Tuesday-Friday. An open house will be held Saturday, March 31 from 10 a.m. to 2 p.m. For details, call 266-8424 or visit http://www.refineryinc.com .
Certified Personal Trainer Donald Tate recently opened Tate Fitness Studio at 3850 Gaskins Rd., Suite 200. The facility specializes in overall wellness for diverse populations, including athletes, older adults and post-rehab patients. Tate has more than 10 years of experience with helping people set and achieve fitness goals, including weight management, strength training and injury prevention. Personal, group and couples training are available for all fitness levels from beginner to advanced. For more information, call 270-7878 or visit http://www.tatefit.com .
Rawls McNelis + Mitchell, a 16 year-old law firm specializing in complex medical cases, recently leased 6,000 square feet at 211 Rockett's Way in Rockett's Landing. The 14-lawyer firm will occupy the first two floors of the building that is currently home to the Rockett's Landing sales center, which will now relocate to the adjacent Cedar Works building. The firm expects to move in by the end of August.
The Richmond chapter of the National Association of Professional Women will host "Fundamental Principles for Successful SEO: A Business Woman's Guide" on Thursday, March 22 from 11:30 a.m. to 1 p.m. at Shackleford's, 10496 Ridgefield Pkwy. Travis Paull of Follow Media Consulting will present the program on search engine marketing and explain why it's important to develop a well-written, keyword targeted content for a website that is updated consistently and monitored for rankability. Paull will also explore concepts such as page-rank, visitor behavior, and how Google views human idiosyncrasies and break down the information at a level appropriate for those with little to no experience with SEO. There are no local dues. Purchase of lunch is suggested but not required. To register, visit http://www.facebook.com/groups/napwrichmondchapter .
Piedmont Independent Fiduciaries recently hired Sue Davis, a former Wachovia Securities leader, as the Glen Allen-based firm's new VP of Client Services and Operations. Davis will oversee compliance and regulatory efforts. For more information, visit http://www.pif401k.com .
Sarah Thomas, Southern States Cooperative, Inc. – West Broad Street Service, recently attended a comprehensive three-day training program designed to qualify employees as "Certified FeedMaster Specialists" for Southern States Cooperative, Inc. The rigorous training program is tied to the Southern States' FeedMaster program and is designed to augment the existing knowledge base of employees involved in advising the co-op's customers on issues related to feeding various types of animals. The program provides new and updated information and qualifies for continuing education units (CEUs) by the American Registry of Professional Animal Scientists (ARPAS), a national organization that certifies animal scientists through examination.
Carolyn Hall, a Glen Allen lia sophia advisor, recently traveled to the Dominican Republic for an all-expenses-paid "Rock Star Escape" trip for two at the Hard Rock Hotel & Casino Punta Cana. Each year, the fashion jewelry direct seller selects a top luxury resort as an incentive destination to reward advisors who meet certain sales and recruiting goals.
Agents with Cushman & Wakefield Thalhimer recently handled the following lease negotiations: County of Henrico – leased 6,736 square feet in East Towne Plaza at 2901-2935 E. Williamsburg Rd.; Signs by Tomorrow-USA, Inc. – leased 6,325 square feet at 2036 Dabney Rd.; Mola Gebeye – leased an additional 1,520 square feet in their current location and now lease a total of 3,984 square feet at 4116 W. Broad St.; and SK Bedding – leased 2,160 square feet at 4116 W. Broad St.
More cyclists on the way
Riders to pass through county on East Coast Greenway tour
Citizen Staff Reports 10/02/2015
From October 4-9, 35 cyclists will be riding through Henrico County as part of a 325-mile tour of the East Coast Greenway (ECG) route from Fredericksburg, Virginia, to Raleigh, NC.
A 2,900-mile trail route that extends from the Canadian border at Calais, Maine, to Key West, Florida, The East Coast Greenway is heading into its 25th year. The Week A Year (WAY) Tour is an annual ride and fundraiser that has been working its way south since the first WAY Tour launched from Calais, Maine in 2011. Riders cover a different section of the Greenway each year and are on target to complete the route in Key West in 2019. > Read more.
A 2,900-mile trail route that extends from the Canadian border at Calais, Maine, to Key West, Florida, The East Coast Greenway is heading into its 25th year. The Week A Year (WAY) Tour is an annual ride and fundraiser that has been working its way south since the first WAY Tour launched from Calais, Maine in 2011. Riders cover a different section of the Greenway each year and are on target to complete the route in Key West in 2019. > Read more.
Henrico woman wins $1M in Va. Lottery game
Citizen Staff Reports 10/02/2015
When Amanda Spiller of Henrico saw that she'd won the $1 million prize in the Virginia Lottery's $100 Million Cash Extravaganza game, it didn't immediately sink in.
"I was in shock. . . complete shock," she said. "I had to double and triple check."
She bought the winning ticket at the 7-Eleven at 2750 Hungary Spring Road in Henrico. She had the choice of taking the full $1 million prize over 30 years or a one-time cash option of $681,000 before taxes. She chose the cash option. The store received a $10,000 bonus from the Lottery for selling the winning ticket. > Read more.
The Volunteers of the United States Army Field Band to perform Oct. 15
Henrico County Recreation and Parks is hosting a concert by The Volunteers of the United States Army Field Band on Thursday, Oct. 15 at Henrico Theatre, 305 East Nine Mile Road in Highland Springs. This free concert will be held at 7 p.m. and will feature Soldier-Musicians from the U.S. Army Field Band.
Since its inception in 1981, The Volunteers has been telling the Army story through rock, pop, country, and patriotic music. Its members have performed for millions of listeners in all 50 states, Puerto Rico, Canada, Mexico, Kuwait, and Iraq. This group tours more than 100 days each year, bringing a powerful message of patriotism and support to communities large and small. > Read more.
Henrico Education Foundation receives STEM grant from Dominion
Richmond Montessori to host two open houses
GRCC to host 12th District Senate forum
Henrico, Habitat partner to host home maintenance workshops
Supervisors vote to purchase future park site for $2.8M
- More News
Print Edition
Oct. 1, 2015Click here to read the print edition.
The Volunteers of the United States Army Field Band to perform Oct. 15
Weekend Top 10
New restaurant opens at Virginia Center Commons
Restaurant watch
Elliott Yamin to perform Friday at The Tin Pan
- More Entertainment
Obituary – Mark Robert Reeves
Obituary – Hardin T. Brotherton
Obituary – John Patrick Markey
- More Obituaries
More cyclists on the way
Henrico woman wins $1M in Va. Lottery game
Ruritans Club marks 50th anniversary
- More Community
The greatest love of all
My daughters' other dads
All hail to mothers and the hardest job of all
- More Opinions
Athlete of the Week – July 3: Kayla Sell
Athlete of the Week – June 19: Sydney Whitaker
Steward School's Enright drafted by NY Mets
- More Sports
Reader Survey | Advertising | Email updates
ClassifiedsREADERS & MUSIC LOVERS. 100 Greatest Novels (audio books) ONLY $99.00 (plus s h.) Includes MP3 Player & Accessories. BONUS: 50 Classical Music Works & Money Back Guarantee. Call Today!… Full text
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CalendarAttorney Van Smith, of Smith Strong PLC, will offer free seminars on estate planning, wills and trusts at 6 p.m. Oct. 7 and 1:30 p.m. Oct. 16. Each attendee will… Full text


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#321 of 507
Temple, TX
Comment, Like, Favorite
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Prickly Poppy
Gary Holmes
This Texas White Prickly Poppy (Argemone albiflora Hornem. ssp. texana G.B. Ownbey) was glowing by itself in a shady area on the upper banks of the Colorado River, SE of Austin, Texas. The subdued light allowed me to capture the nuances of the pure white petals, which becomes difficult in brighter light. A visiting insect tried to hide as I was taking the photograph. From the USDA Plant Guide for this species (accessed at: plants.usda.gov/plantguide/pdf/pg_aralt.pdf): "White prickly poppy (Argemone albiflora spp. texana) is an erect, prickly, deep-rooted, annual or biennial that contains bright yellow latex. A member of the poppy (papaveraceae) family, it has a showy white flower, with numerous yellow or reddish stamens. The sepals of the white prickly poppy are topped with sharp prickles, and the sepals fall off as the flower expands. The leaves also are spiny, which keeps cattle from eating it, since this plant is somewhat poisonous. The leaves of the white prickly poppy are so prickly that cattle will not even eat it during severe drought periods."
Gary Holmes, photographer: I am an opportunist photographer of nature, landscapes, abstract, and other found objects of interest. I prefer to capture the spontaneity of things and events as they are occurring, and rarely photograph staged subjects other than portraits. Although I have been a photographer for decades, I have only started posting them for others to see since about September 2012. Please see my largest collection of photographs posted at http://500px.com/holmesidepi. I had sufficient encouragement from posts on other sites to try putting some up for sale on Fine Art America (FAA), which offers a wide range of printing and mounting options not currently available on 500px. As a result, I have successfully sold some of my works. Unfortunately, photography is not my primary field, and I have limited time to expand my online presence, but I will continue to steadily post more of my best works on 500px and/or FAA every week. Please revisit my sites periodically.
If you love, like, respect, admire, or even feel somewhat favorably inclined toward any of my works, please vote, vote+fave, and/or offer gently constructive criticism or suggestions. Votes and faves are important to me and help me understand what other people like or don't like. Anonymous down votes mean nothing to me, unless you dignify them with an explanation. I know that negative comments will help me to learn as I continue to improve my work.
Of course, I will be overjoyed if you find something that inspires you to purchase it. Nothing makes me happier as a photographer than knowing someone likes my work so much that they purchased one. I look forward to hearing from my purchasers about how and where you are using your purchased photograph.
April 2nd, 2013
Viewed 167 Times - Last Visitor from Stuttgart, 01 - Germany on 09/27/2015 at 3:23 AM
Sales Sheet
More from Gary Holmes
Perham, MN - United States
Gorgeous macro!
Thank you, Melanie.
Leawood, KS - United States
So vibrant!! Well done :) v
Jani, thanks for the comment and vote.
Hillsboro, MO - United States
beautiful and great colors:)
Thank you very much, Peggy.
Franklin Square, NY - United States
Gary, Gorgeous capture of this poppy, great capture of the pedals and the stem holding the main flower up. Also great capture with great details of the bud. Remarkable capture of the texture on the pedals of this poppy flower. and great details on the stem. Like the way you have blurred out the rest of the background to center in only on the poppy. Great floral photo, voted, google and tweet promoted
John, thanks very much for the detailed analysis and multiple votes and promotions. I really appreciate your time and support.
Del Rio, TX - United States
The petals show great texture and depth. Pretty poppy. Voted.
Erika, thank you very much. Nice to meet yet another Texan on FAA.
Montreal, QC - Canada
Very enchanting this prickly poppy! voted
Marie-Line, Merci beaucoups.
Holbrook, MA - United States
Nicely done Gary - v/f
Thank you very much, Alexandra
Old Bridge, NJ - United States
Nice close up!
Annie, thank you.
Halifax, NS - Canada
Very nice work! V
Thanks, John, for the comment and vote.
San Pedro, CA - United States
Love this work, Gary! F v
Joe, thank you for your comment and VF.
Ottawa, ON - Canada
Nice bokeh and framing Gary! Voted :-)
Bianca, thanks for your vote and comment.
Medway - United Kingdom
Great colours and details Gary, voted
Pete, I appreciate your comment and vote.
Northridge, CA - United States
Very detailed and amazing color photography.v
Bedros, thank you for taking your time to comment and vote.
Bellevue, WA - United States
nice details
Thanks, Anna
Rochester, NY - United States
Nice flower shot.
Chicago, IL - United States
Gorgeous flower..and you did an excellent job of capturing the flower's detail! :) v/f!
Thank you for your nice comment and FV, Anne.
Avinger, TX - United States
Wonderful capture and a great description!
Charlie and Norma, I am glad you like it. Thanks
Riverside, CA - United States
This is so beautiful! v
Sophia, thank you very much for the comment and vote.
Del Rio, TX - United States
Very pretty. Voted!
Thank you, Amber. Always glad to hear from fellow Texans.
Rochester, Ne - United States
Beautiful capture!!!
Aimee, thank you.
Tarnow - Poland
Beautiful work! v
Thank you, Kate.
Westlake Village, CA - United States
beautiful and painful. this image has many levels
Cary, thanks for your insightful comment and appreciation.
Depoe Bay, OR - United States
Beautiful capture, Gary! Great description! Voted
Thank you, Glenna.
Sunderland, Ty - United Kingdom
Beautifully done, sharp and clean shot ! f/v
Morag, thanks for your support and FV
Pueblo, CO - United States
beautiful v25
Thank you, Jim.
Rehoboth, MA - United States
Revisiting and enjoying again t
Joan, thanks for revisiting, and keep on coming back. I hope you have a peek at my other posts as well.
Naples, FL - United States
Great shot...v
Thank you, Doris.
Shawnee, Ks - United States
beautiful capture v
LIane, thank you very much.
Pass Christian, MS - United States
Gorgeous work! V
Thank you for your comment and V, Phyllis.
Malm�, Sc - Sweden
gotta love macro shots
Glad you liked it, Eric. I guess it is a semi-macro at least.
Myrtle Beach, SC - United States
Beautiful! v
Dallas, TX - United States
Beautiful image!
Thanks Elena, good to hear from other Texan types.
H�jbjerg - Denmark
love the green-ness of this!
Sanne, thank you. It was rather overwhelmingly green that day.
Thousand Oaks, CA - United States
Gorgeous and crisp!
Thank you, Darlene.
CHAVILLE - France
Nice shot ! v
Merci beaucoups, Delphimages.
Fort Worth, TX - United States
very nice! v
Joan, I always appreciate your support. Thanks again, fellow Texan.
Astoria, NY - United States
Excellent composition and focus!
Thank you very much, Jim.
Hermann, MO - United States
Very nicely captured. Nice use of DOF. Fine composition. voted
William, thank you for the thoughtful comment and vote.
Richland, WA - United States
Beautiful shot, Gary...glad to know that all those sharp edges are serving a grand purpose...guardians of that lovely, delicate bloom...v/f
Ann, thanks for the great comment and VF.
Lacey, WA - United States
Great capture!! V
Thanks very much, David.
Rehoboth, MA - United States
Great capture v
Thank you very much, Joan.
Canaan Lake, NY - United States
Bodacious botanical photo, Gary! vf
Olaf, thanks for the gnarly comment and VF.
North Bay, ON - Canada
Awesome explosion of greens, love the contrast with the white, yellow and red of the flower. (v)
Ric, thank you very much for the comment, vote and feature.
North Bay, ON - Canada
Awesome explosion of greens, love the contrast with the white then yellow of the flower. (v)
JABALPUR, MA - India
Lovely beauty of nature...Gary +v
Basant, I am very happy you liked it. Thank you for your vote.
Cottonwood, Ar - United States
Congratulations, on your Feature V,F, AND Publication in -The Internet Weekly... Artist News - http://paper.li/f-1343723559# --- If you go to the paper, click SHARE, you can Tweet, Facebook, or even Email a copy to Friends, Relatives and others, so they can see the Publicaition in the ARTIST NEWS. Thank You for submitting it to the group....
Barcelona - Spain
Excellent close up capture, Gary! Awesome quality and beautiful composition! Great work T V and fav.
Pedro, thanks very much for your support and comment.
Daytona Beach, FL - United States
Beautiful!! v
Thank you again, Deborah.
Mequon, WI - United States
Nice capture and composition of this prickly poppy. vf
Mary, thanks for the early comment and VF.
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Beverly Hills, CA (United States)
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