text:
To print a page in the RCW, use your browser's normal print functions (Ctrl-P on a PC, Command-P on a Mac, or File > Print on either). The resulting printed page will show just the content and not the banner at the top, the left-side navigation, or the footer links. To see how the page will look before you print it, use your browser's Print Preview.
(1) Each applicant and licensee shall pay to the director an investigation or examination fee as established in rule and an annual assessment fee for the coming year in an amount determined by rule as necessary to cover the operation of the program. The annual assessment fee is due upon the annual assessment fee due date as established in rule. Nonpayment of the annual assessment fee may result in expiration of the license as provided in subsection (2) of this section. In establishing the fees, the director shall differentiate between check cashing and check selling and making small loans, and consider at least the volume of business, level of risk, and potential harm to the public related to each activity. The fees collected shall be deposited to the credit of the financial services regulation fund in accordance with RCW 43.320.110. (2) If a licensee does not pay its annual assessment fee by the annual assessment fee due date as specified in rule, the director or the director's designee shall send the licensee a notice of suspension and assess the licensee a late fee not to exceed twenty-five percent of the annual assessment fee as established in rule by the director. The licensee's payment of both the annual assessment fee and the late fee must arrive in the department's offices by 5:00 p.m. on the tenth day after the annual assessment fee due date, unless the department is not open for business on that date, in which case the licensee's payment of both the annual assessment fee and the late fee must arrive in the department's offices by 5:00 p.m. on the next occurring day that the department is open for business. If the payment of both the annual assessment fee and the late fee does not arrive prior to such time and date, then the expiration of the licensee's license is effective at 5:00 p.m. on the thirtieth day after the assessment fee due date. The director or the director's designee may reinstate the license if, within twenty days after the effective date of expiration, the licensee: (a) Pays both the annual assessment fee and the late fee; and (b) Attests under penalty of perjury that it did not engage in conduct requiring a license under this chapter during the period its license was expired, as confirmed by an investigation by the director or the director's designee. (3) If a licensee intends to do business at a new location, to close an existing place of business, or to relocate an existing place of business, the licensee shall provide written notification of that intention to the director no less than thirty days before the proposed establishing, closing, or moving of a place of business.
[2003 c 86 § 5; 2001 c 177 § 12; 1996 c 13 § 2; 1995 c 18 § 6; 1994 c 92 § 278; 1991 c 355 § 5.]


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The Brides New Clothes
Top Stories
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A large circular installation, comprising wide mirrors and deep golden mannequins dressed in lavish Indian garments, seemed slightly out of place at the upscale DLL Emporio mall in New Delhi with the Giorgio Armani store on one side and Tom Ford on the other. Nonetheless, the latest exposition by Ogaan, titled "Celebration in Four Parts" managed to turn quite a few heads.
The two-day exposition, which started on Friday, showcased new couture collections by four designers Kavita Bhartia, Kiran Uttam Ghosh, Studio Petticoat and Pakistani designer Faiza Samee. All their collections (Fall-Winter Wedding) revolve around four central events in an Indian wedding mehendi, sangeet, wedding and reception.
A wide variety of garments was on display in the showcasing area, a few metres away from the installation, which was created by noted set designer Sumant Jayakrishnan. Besides shararas, lehengas, salwar-kameezes and saris, more contemporary festive Indian pieces such as jackets and dresses also make an appearance in the collections.
Bhartia, who hosted the high tea at the venue, said, "One has to take into consideration the timing and economics of this exposition. The wedding season is just beginning, and it is a fact that one needs to do something different every time."
Samee's collection is marked by her signature style traditional and colourful, with exquisite embroidery, mostly voluminous shararas and short blouses. Ghosh's collection was muted but strong. "I have tried not to make my clothes look too busy. I have used layering and pleats, but at the same time, tried to make one thing about the garment stand out," she said.
With models strutting around in the display arena and a steady stream of shoppers coming by, designer Debyani of Studio Petticoat was busy helping a young bride-to-be select a dress for her sangeet. "This time, we have used a lot of Kashmiri embroidery nakshi, jaal prints and gold zardozi, but the silhouettes are simple," she said. The price of each of the pieces starts at Rs 18,000.

subset: commoncrawl


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Manufacturer: Billy Cook (View all products by Billy Cook Saddlery)
Model: 1779 (View all 1779 reviews)
Category: Trail Saddles
Purchase: I bought this saddle about 7 months ago from the Saddle Shop online. I have a quarter horse mare that is hard to fit. I paid $1492.50 for this saddle. I liked the style and the fit.
Likes: I liked the way it fit my mare and me. It is a comfortable saddle and the leather is of good quality.
Dislikes: After only 7 months, my D-rings are pitted and rusting. The saddle is never left out in the rain. It is always stored indoors. When I contacted the Saddle Shop to let them know, they said that the rings are nickel plated and that if I wanted stainless steel I would have to ship the saddle back to Billy Cook and pay to have them put on. For the amount I paid for this saddle, I feel that the rings are inferior and I would not recommend this saddle to anyone.
Quality: The quality of the leather is good and the saddle is comfortable, however, the hardware is inferior.
Summary: I would not recommend this saddle. I have to say that I thought Billy Cook Saddles were high quality saddles but this experience has changed my mind. Now I wonder where else they cut corners to save money.
Rating: 1
Author: Sandy
Date: 2013-08-25
Usefulness Rating: 4.51613 out of 5.
31 reader(s) voted.
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Product Details
Jeep Grand Cherokee 1999-2004, Factory Style Chrome Mesh Main Grille by RI®. When you're driving down the road, the front of your vehicle is the first thing people see. With this distinctive Mesh Grille, you'll make a statement people will remember. Its assertive looks and bold style are unforgettable. "Full-Replacement" application that replaces the factory grille completely.
- Completely replaces original factory grille
- Available in Triple Chrome or Black finish
- Manufactured from high impact plastic
- Custom made for each application
- Backed by a one-year warranty
Want to differentiate your vehicle but retain the essential factory style? Want to give your vehicle a custom touch? Then you want an RI™ ABS Chrome Grille. This grille will augment your vehicle's style and individualize it at the same time. You'll love the way your vehicle looks and stands out from the rest. The ABS Grille is made from high impact plastic with a triple chrome finish. It installs easily using the existing mounting hardware.101.15Brand: RI Part Number: 72R-JEGRC99-PME This part is compatible with 6 vehicle(s)
RI® manufacturers are very ambitious on the present day aftermarket which use advanced approaches and innovative techniques when producing their accessories. Chrome parts impress the audience with elegant shapes and lines, which will enhance the exterior design of every separate ride, those are installed on. Attractive features of chrome trim accessories will favorably distinguish your vehicle from the streams of cloned models. High quality accessories doesn't keep the customers indifferent, awaking their appetite for gorgeous restyling and radical changes.Product Reviews (1)
Every Customer can leave a review about our service and the product that was purchased. In order to leave your review for your new product, please follow the link in the email you receive after completing your purchase. You can rate appearance, ease of installation, price/value and product quality.RI® - Factory Style Chrome Mesh GrilleAverage Rating: 4 of 5APPEARANCEEASE OF INSTALLATIONPRICE/VALUEQUALITYAll RI Reviews(4)APPEARANCEEASE OF INSTALLATIONPRICE/VALUEQUALITY2004 Grand Cherokee Chrome Mesh Grill2004 Jeep Grand Cherokee | Posted by Penn | (Dallas, TX)
The grill sent did not fit the 2004 Jeep Grand Cherokee Limited. However, the Tech unit was very easy to work with and sent me a prepaid UPS label to return the grill. The grill itself was great looking and worth the price. Turns out the manufacturer makes more than one grill for my car.6 people found this review helpful.Was this review helpful for you? YesNoShare this review:
Product Reviews (1)
Product Reviews (1)
More Accessories
You will never pay more with CARiD! Not only will we match prices from any competitor's website or other reputable source, we will continue to honor that promise for up to one year after your purchase.
We'll match the price at time of purchase, or refund you the difference if done after the purchase. Either way, we are totally committed to providing you the best online shopping experience.
We're car and truck enthusiasts, just like you! And it's enthusiasts we hire in our Sales and Service Centers. Many of our staff are ASE certified and have spent years in the retail auto business.
We conduct our own in-house training, and we even bring vendors to us for hands-on product training demonstrations. You're getting true expertise when you phone or email us!
With hundreds of vendors, and tens of thousands of components for sale, we put tremendous effort into coordinating our data with our vendors' data in order to guarantee that you get the correct part.
Our huge database is regularly cross-checked to keep it current and optimized. At times, our thoroughness makes our data even more accurate than our suppliers! This rigorous process means that you can always order with confidence.


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Please type in your question or phrase below:
I have no information.
The following are the requirements of Halal cosmetic products:
1. No animal derived ingredients are used.
2. No alcohol is used as hidden solvent or carrier in fragrance or perfume.
3. No Carmine red color is used.
4. No marine derived ingredients are used except fish for Hanafi Muslims.
5. The manufacturer of cosmetic is one who knows the source of ingredients in cosmetic products.
6. No alcohol is used in extracts.
Only manufacturer knows the source of cosmetic ingredients so please contact them.
Tutorial video on home page is a learning tool to help you how to find out the Halal status of any food product, vitamins under Food Products section, Food Ingredients under Ingredients section or E-Numbers under E-Numbers section. Personal Care Products, Medicine, or Cosmetics are under non food products section.
I need know procedure how they make it.
It is not Halal.
You have to find out what extracting solvent they use. If your cloth washed perfectly then that extract has gone from your cloth.
It is Halal.
New information is provided by a sister from Nivea company:
I have the following information for you sent to me by Nivea in regards to animal derived ingredients.
Ingredients used in the NIVEA range are, wherever possible, from non-animal sources such as vegetable based Glycerin.
However there are specific materials where an effective alternative is not readily available.
Please find these ingredients listed below:
1. Lanolin, Lanolin Oil, Lanolin Alcohol, Glyceryl Lanolate, Cholesterol, Cholesteryl Oleyl Carbonate, Cholesteryl Nonanoate, Cholesteryl Chloride - derived from Woolwax (from sheep wool).
2. Sodium Tallowate - derived from Tallow (from cattle).
3. PEG-8 Beeswax, Cera Alba (Wax), Mel (Honey) - derived from Wax or honey (from bees).
4. Carboxymethyl Chitin, Ostrea/Oyster shell extract (from crustaceans).
5. Hydrolyzed Silk, Silk Powder - derived from Silk (from silk worms).
6. Hydrolyzed Milk Protein, Sine Adipe Lac, Casein, Yoghurt Powder, Sodium C8-16 Isoalkylsuccinyl, Lactoglobulin Sulfonate - derived from Milk (from cattle).
7. Carmine/CI 75470 (colour) - derived from Cochineal (from beetles).
8. Hydrolyzed Keratin - derived from Keratin (from cashmere goat or sheep wool).
9. Hydrolyzed Pearl - derived from Pearl protein (fresh water pearls). We do not use any egg based ingredients in our products. As formulations do change from time to time, we would recommend that you check the ingredients listing on the product that you wish to use for the ingredients listed above, prior to use. -
Sent to MCG by a sister on 01-06-14 05:59:59
MCG response:
Ingredients from Beewax, Sheep Wool, from silk are Halal.
Red color from Cochineal or Carmine is Haram because all insects are Haram in Islam excpet locust.
Ingredients from non zabiha beef are not Halal.
All dairy based ingredients are Halal only if they are Halal or kosher certified.
Please avoid all those Nivea products if they are made from above ingredients.
Mostly pig.
Many Muslims are using non Halal vitamins from stores like Wal-Mart, Walgreen, CVS Pharmacy, GNC. This is because of lack of knowledge about the Halal status of those vitamins. MCG get every day a question from Muslims asking about the Halal status of xyz vitamins. MCG is providing help in picking up the Halal vitamins after it researched at Vitamin Shoppe stores which are located in every city of USA. MCG advises Muslims to check the Halal status of vitamins before consuming them.
Many major brand of vitamins are not Halal such as: Centrum, Equate, Citracal, Nature Made, Vitafusion, One A Day, GNC, Flintstone, Nature Beauty, Walgreen, Geritol, Nature Bounty, Garliq, Estroven, Disney Gummies, Fiber Smart, Caltrale, Finest Nature, One Source, Lill Critteers, Culturelle, Philps, Ultimate Florea, Viactive, Elatins, Os-Cal, Spring Valley, Schiff, Stevia, Optimum Nutrition, Mega Red, Ocuvite, Alive, Centrum Kid, Active Kid, Spring Valley, Bayer, CVS Vitamins and Kirkland Signature. They are not Halal because they are not Halal or Kosher certified or do not have a Halal or Kosher symbol on the package.
Even if they do not contain gelatin, they are still not Halal because they add without restriction any Haram hidden ingredient. Halal or Kosher certification protects Muslims from adding Haram Hidden or Processing Aid Ingredients which are not required to be mention under ingredients statement by FDA. MCG has a list of Halal multivitamins, individual vitamins, prenatal vitamins and fish oil or omega 3 on our website under "Vitamins". Please use this list of Halal vitamins. How to search Halal vitamins on our website: Please write vitamins or prenatal vitamins or fish oil (for Omega fish oil) under the search box then click Food Product by Category then click Show Only Halal then click search. You will get a list of 45 Halal vitamins, 3 Halal prenatal vitamins, 6 Halal fish oil (Omega fish oil) and where to buy them.
MCG is receiving many inquiries about gelatin foods or ingredients or in vitamins whether it is Halal or not.
The important point is none of the gelatin carrying food products or ingredients or vitamins are Halal unless it says fish gelatin under ingredients statement. The use of fish gelatin in foods in USA is on rise because of demand by Muslim consumers and Jewish consumers. Food companies have booths at IFT Food Expo in July 2013 in Chicago promoting use of fish gelatin. It is important to know the fish gelatin from cat fish is not consider Halal or Kosher. Beta Carotene suppliers use fish gelatin as a processing aid ingredient or hidden ingredient in Beta Carotene powder form so that it mixes well with other ingredients and fish gelatin is not mentioned under ingredients list.
They are Halal.
Please read our FAQ.
Dart foam cups are not Halal.
If it has kosher symbol then it is Halal.
SD alcohol can be used according ulema.
Darnel Group has informed MCG that they use vegetable fat based Kosher certified Stearates on the molds to make foam paper plates and cups.
You can use Cascade, Dawn, Ajax, Joy any other who has OU kosher symbol.
It is mashbooh toothpaste because Carrageenan is a mashbooh ingredient. If ethyl alcohol is used during its processing then it became Haram but if they use Isopropyl alcohol or Potassium Chloride then it is Halal.
You can use it.
They are not Halal.
If it does not have kosher symbol on the package then it is not Halal.
Halal Prenatal:
Shellfish Free Halal Solgar Kosher Glucosamine Hydrochloride 1000 Mg. 60 Tablets with UPC code 033984013117 is available at www.koshervitamins.com or you may call 1-800-645-1899 to receive Glucosamine by mail.
Please check our Non Food Section.
I know Tide Laundry detergent is Halal but I have no information on the soap.
Ask the company.
Thanks for the dua. There was no FAQ and phone on their website so I have to write to them about toothpaste and sun screen. Inshallah I will publis it on our website after I get their answer.
Noxema is not Halal.
Yes, they may use in them so you have to call and verify that they do not use or use it.
Please use this:
Our website is for USA not for UK.
You have to send me their e-mail at firstname.lastname@example.com
Benzyl Alcohol is Halal.
I have no information. You can check our cosmetic subsection under Non Food section.
I am not cosmetic chemist to know every thing about cosmetic. I am food scientist. I get information from cosmetic companies. You should look for no animal dervied ingredients, no marine ingredient because for Hanafi only fish is Halal, no carmine color, no alcohol in fragrance.
If you are in Europe if it says suitable for vegetarian, it means it is from vegetavle source. In USA a kosher symbol on the package indicates it is from soy protein. You have to mentioned name of the country.


text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|16 Apr 1985
|Filing date
|13 Sep 1982
|Priority date
|21 Sep 1981
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Thijs Krol, Bernardus J. Vonk
|Original Assignee
|U.S. Philips Corporation
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (5), Referenced by (46), Classifications (12), Legal Events (4)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
1. Field of the Invention
The invention relates to a data processing device for the processing of data words which are composed of k=2p-2≧2 data symbols by means of code words which are formed from the associated data words by means of an error-correcting code, said code words containing n=2p code symbols, all symbols consisting of m=2s≧4 bits and forming part of a Galois field GF (2m)={0, a0, a1 . . . a2.spsp.m-2 }, said device comprising a first input for a data word, first multiplier means for multiplying the data word by a generator matrix [G] consisting of nxk matrix elements each of m bits in order to form a code word, processing means for processing the code word in order to form a processing result, and reconstruction means for reconstructing, using a parity check matrix [R] which is orthogonal to the generator matrix [G], the second data word associated with the processing result for output on a first output.
2. Description of the Prior Art
A device of this kind is known from U.S. Pat. No. 4,402,045 in the name of Applicant. The known device specifically concerns a multiprocessor computer system in which the digital data processing is organized according to n parallel processors for each processing the data word and in which the data storage is organized according to n memories which each store one respective code symbol of a resulting code word. The known device implements an error-correcting code which can operate in two modes:
(a) in a first, symbol-correcting operating mode one arbitrarily disturbed symbol can be corrected;
(b) in a second mode, referred to as the erasure mode, by ignoring a given symbol, for example a suspect symbol, a one-bit error in addition to the ignored symbol can be corrected.
The inventors of the present invention have found that a family of error-correcting codes exists which has more extensive error-correcting properties and which, moreover, can be used in many different categories of data processing devices. In order to derive full benefit therefrom, a data-processing device in accordance with the invention is characterized in that the reconstruction means comprise:
(a) second multiplier means with a second input for receiving the processing result for multiplication by a parity check matrix [R]=[S] [H] [T] in order to form a number of at least (n-k)=2t≧2 syndrome symbols on a second output, [S[ being a non-singular matrix consisting of (mk�mk) bits, the matrix [H] comprising a first sub-matrix of k�k symbols in the form of an identity matrix and a second sub-matrix of k�(n-k) symbols whose determinant is not equal to 1=a0, the absolute values modulo (2m -1) of the differences between the exponents of the symbols written as powers of (a) being at least equal to (m) on each respective row and on each respective column of the matrix [H], while each (k�k) sub-matrix of [H] is non-singular, the matrix T consisting of (nm�nm) bits in n�n blocks which are arranged in rows and columns and each of which blocks consists of m�m bits, each row and each column of blocks comprising (n-1) blocks which consist exclusively of "0" bits, each row of bits and each column of bits containing bits;
(b) a mode register which has a third input and a third output, a first state of the mode register controlling a "normal" mode for processing the code words as forming part of a code with a minimum Hamming-distance of three over the symbols or a minimum Hamming-distance of five over the bits, n respective second states of the mode register controlling an erasure operation for a code symbol uniquely associated with the respective second state in order to process the remaining non-erased code symbols as forming a code word of a code having a minimum distance of three over the bits;
(c) a data reconstruction device with a fourth input for receiving the processing result and a fifth input for receiving the syndrome symbols, and with a fourth output for forming a reconstructed data word on the basis of associated sub-sets of k code symbols;
(d) a selection device with a sixth input which is connected to the second output in order to receive the syndrome symbols and a seventh input which is connected to the third output in order to receive the state information from the mode register, and also with a sixth output which is connected to the third input and a seventh output for supplying on the basis of the syndrome symbols and the state of the mode register, a selection signal for indicating the error-free code symbols and for supplying a set signal for the mode register;
(e) a gating device with inputs which are connected to the fourth output and the seventh output for the selection of a corrected data word.
In the normal mode a more extensive correction of errors is thus realized: for a minimum Hamming-distance of five, to arbitrary one-bit errors can thus be corrected. It is known that for such a minimum Hamming-distance two other operating modes are feasible:
(a) correction of one bit error and detection of two further one-bit errors,
(b) detection of four arbitrary one-bit errors. "Arbitrary" is to be understood to mean herein "arbitrarily located". The matrix [H] already represents a considerable family of codes all of which are systematic codes. By multiplication by the matrix [S], non-systematic codes may also be obtained. The matrix [T] is a permutation matrix whereby rows, columns and, moreover, bits within the symbols can be permitted. When [S] and [T] are identity matrices, the original code remains unmodified. The mode register can be set on the basis of previously detected errors. Generally, for n=4, the mode register should contain at least three bits for the five operating modes. Said solution is particularly suitable for use with so-called "wild" logic. If preference is to be given to regular logic (read-only memories and programmable logic arrays), the reconstruction means may comprise:
(a) second multiplier means with a second input for receiving the processing result for multiplication by a parity check matrix [R]=[S]�[H]�[T] in order to form a number of at least (n-k)=2t 2 syndrome symbols on a second output, [S] being a non-singular matrix consisting of (mk�mk) bits, the matrix [H] comprising a first submatrix of k�k symbols formed as an identity matrix and a second sub-matrix of k�(n-k) symbols whose determinant is not equal to a0 =1, the absolute values modulo (2m -1) of the differences between the exponents of the symbols expressed as powers of (a) being at least equal to (m) on each respective row and each respective column of the matrix [H], each (k�k) sub-matrix of [H] being non-singular, the matrix [T] consisting of (nm�nm) bits in n�n blocks which are arranged in rows and columns and each of which blocks consists of m�m bits, each row and each column of blocks comprising (n-1) blocks which consist exclusively of "0" bits, each column of bits containing exactly one "1" bit and for the remainder exclusively "0" bits;
(b) a mode register which has a third input and a third output, a first state of the mode register controlling a normal mode for processing the code words as forming part of a code with a minimum Hamming-distance of three over the symbols or a minimum Hamming-distance of five over the bits, n respective second states of the mode register controlling an erasure operation for a code symbol uniquely associated with the respective second state in order to process the remaining non-erased code symbols as forming a code word of a code having a minimum distance of three over the bits;
(c) correction determining means which have an eighth input which is connected to the second output in order to receive the syndrome symbols and a ninth input which is connected to the third output in order to receive the state information from the mode register, and also having an eighth output for supplying a corrector signal and a ninth output for supplying an error indication signal, the latter output being connected to the third input of the mode register;
(d) correction means, which have a tenth input, for receiving at least the data symbols of the processing result and for modulo-2 addition thereof to the corrector signal in order to supply a corrected data word on a tenth output. The two solutions are closely related and are equally usable for all codes per se. It has been found that multi-bit errors in a single symbol are caused notably by processor errors, for example, in a multiprocessor computer system; one-bit errors, however, are often due to memory malfunctions and of a temporary nature (so-called "soft errors"). It is to be noted that in the above definitions the valves of the exponent "h" of the symbol valve 0=ah is supposed to be "minus infinity".
Preferably, for n=4, k=2, the matrix [H] is chosen from: ##EQU1## in which ai is an element of the Galois field GF(24) generated with the primitive and irreducible polynomial π(x)=x4 +x+1, and ##EQU2## in which aj is an element of the Galois field GF(24) generated by the primitive and irreducible polynomial π'(x)=x4 +x3 +1. With a limited amount of redundancy, a large variety of one-symbol errors and one-bit errors can thus be corrected.
Preferably, the mode register contains n bits, each of which is assigned to a respective code symbol within the code word in order to control the erasure mode for this code symbol. Encoding and decoding of the mode register thus remains simple.
Preferably, there is provided an error register which comprises at least n bit locations and an eleventh input which is connected in parallel with the third input of the mode register in order to receive, upon detection of a correctable error in a symbol, a symbol indicator which is to be stored in an associated position of the error register, the symbol indicators received being continuously combined with a stored symbol indicator by means of a symbol-wise logic OR-function, the error register having an eleventh output for connection to an updating and control device, and also a reset input for receiving a reset signal from the control device. Thus, in addition to the short-term signalling of an error, long-term signalling can also be updated. In cases of doubt a more qualified judgment can thus be given concerning the reliability of a symbol having a given sequence number within the code word.
Preferably, the mode register has an additional data input and a load control input for receiving a control word from the control device in order to control the data processing device in a gating mode so that a data word is reconstructed by the selective erasure of (n-k) code symbols on the basis of the k code symbols then remaining, without correction of errors. The data processing device can thus continue even if (n-k) code symbols or code symbol locations contain more or less permamently unreliable data.
Preferably, there is provided a detector for detecting a multi-bit one-symbol error in the normal mode and for directly switching over the mode register to the erasure mode in reaction thereto, code symbols having the same symbol number as that in which the multi-bit one-symbol error occurred being subsequently erased. It has been found that such a multi-bit symbol error can be advantageously used to indicate an unreliable code symbol position.
Furthermore, using the present code, a multiprocessor system according to the state of the art can be advantageously extended when each sub-system also comprises its own mode register and its own error register for controlling the processing of the code symbols and for temporarily storing a detected error. Comparatively large sections of the system may then exhibit substantial faults for a more or less prolonged period of time, without the operation of the entire system being endangered.
The invention will be described in detail hereinafter with reference to some figures.
FIG. 1 shows the sixteen elements of the Galois field GF(24).
FIG. 2 shows the generator matrix and the parity check matrix of a specimen code.
FIG. 3 shows the method of forming other codes having the same properties as that associated with FIG. 2.
FIG. 4 shows the forming of the data symbols on the basis of all selections from the code symbols.
FIG. 5 shows the forming of an extended parity check matrix [Q] on the basis of the matrix [H].
FIG. 6 shows an embodiment of a decoder.
FIGS. 7a, 7b show the matrix for the forming of the syndrome symbols as well as two additional auxiliary functions of code symbols.
FIG. 8 shows the forming of the data symbols of FIG. 4 utilizing the additional functions.
FIG. 9 shows the detector for detecting the associated symbol class for each syndrome symbol.
FIG. 10 shows the translation of the content of the mode register into the various operating modes.
FIG. 11 shows the translation of the syndrome symbol classes into the operating modes to be used.
FIG. 12 shows the conditions to be satisfied in order to enable the relevant selections to be made from the reconstructed versions of the data word.
FIG. 13 shows the circuit for the selection of the version y32 of the data symbols.
FIG. 14 shows the circuit for the selection of the version y31.
FIG. 15 shows the circuit for the selection of the version y30.
FIG. 16 shows the circuit for the selection of the version y21.
FIG. 17 shows the circuit for the selection of the version y20.
FIG. 18 shows the circuit for the selection of the version y10.
FIG. 19 shows a circuit for deriving a number of control signals from the content of the mode register.
FIGS. 20a . . . d show the conditions for setting the respective bit positions of the error register.
FIGS. 21a . . . 21f show the equations for deriving the selection signals for the respective versions of the data word.
FIGS. 22a . . . 22d show a simpler formula for the conditions for setting the error register.
FIG. 23 shows the control device for the error register as a logic circuit.
FIG. 24 shows a multiprocessor computer system in which the invention is implemented.
FIG. 25 shows the control device for the mode register as a logic circuit.
FIG. 26 shows a further embodiment of the decoder.
The code used has been chosen in view of its symbol-correcting properties. A symbol consists of a fixed number of m bits and may then have 2m different values. The set of 2m symbols then forms a Galois field GF(2m) for which the algebraic operations are defined; for example, see the article by T. C. Bartee et al, Information and Control, Vol. 61 (1963), pages 79-98. In this respect, FIG. 1 shows the sixteen elements of the Galois field GF (24), that is to say once written as a series of powers and once as respective bit groups. The bit groups can be formed by means of the primitive and irreducible polynomial π(x)=x4 +x+1. In this case and in many other cases several such polynomials are feasible. For example, the Balois field GF(24) may alternatively be formed by the polynomial π'(x)=x4 +x3 +1. The element (0000) is referred to as 0 and the element a0 =(0001 ) is referred to as 1.
The data words in the embodiment described consist of two symbols of four bits; the (redundant) code words consist of four symbols of four bits. For this code FIG. 2 shows the generator matrix [G] and the parity check matrix [H] whose elements are each four-bit symbols. Multiplication of the parity matrix [H] according to [S]�[H] by a non-singular matrix [S] of 2�2 symbols produces a transformed parity check matrix which imparts the same properties to the code as the original matrix [H].
The following variables of the code words will now be defined. Ws is the symbol weight of a code word, that is to say the number of symbols of a code word which are not equal to the symbol 0 (0000). Wb is the bit weight of a symbol, that is to say the number of bits of a symbol which are not equal to 0. The variable ds is the symbol weight of the code, that is to say the minimum symbol weight over all code words. In this respect it is assumed that the code words (0000) and the symbol 0 (0000) are permissible. However, the occurrence of the code word (0000) does not influence symbol weight of the code, which is based on the other code words only. Furthermore, only linear codes are considered, which means that the sum (bit-wise modulo-2) of two code words produces another code word. Consequently, the minimum symbol weight and the minimum code distance are identical. This has been demonstrated in the standard work in this field "Error correcting codes", by W. W. Peterson et al, MIT, Boston, 2nd edition, 1971.
The code has the following properties:
1. Because all (2�2) sub-matrices of the parity check matrix [H] are non-singular, the symbol weight ds of the code is greater than or equal to 3. This means that in all cases one arbitrarily disturbed symbol can be fully corrected.
2. There is no code word having the symbol weight 4 (i.e. without symbol O) where the bit weight of all symbols equals 1.
All code words can be written as ##EQU3## and for any combination i, j, satisfying o≦i, j≦3, there is no case where this results in the symbol weight 1 for the third and the fourth symbol. If this were not true, a pair of values i, j would exist (i≠j), with i, j ##EQU4## When all possibilities are written in full, it becomes apparent that such a combination does not exist. Therefore, in the case of a symbol weight 4, at least one symbol has a bit weight≧2.
3. There is no code word having a symbol weight equal to 3 with two or three symbols having a bit weight equal to 1. It follows from the generator matrix that all code words having a symbol weight equal to 3 can be written as: ##EQU5## Therein, i may have an arbitrary value (modulo-15), that is to say iε{0, 1, 2 . . . 14}. It follows directly from the differences between the exponents of a that if one of the exponents has the value 0, 1, 2 or 3, the other two can never have one of these four values.
All cases concerning one-bit errors in two different symbols can thus be distinguished from one another. If this were not the case, in two different cases the code word thus disturbed would have to offer the same syndrome result after multiplication by the parity check matrix [H]. In other words, the bit-wise modulo-2 sum of the error vectors of the two cases should then form a code word, because the latter should produce a zero syndrome after multiplication by the parity check matrix. This bit-wise modulo-2 sum could occur only in the following manner:
(a) the symbol weight of the resulting word is two (one-bit errors two-by-two in the same symbol locations);
(b) the symbol weight of the resulting word is three, two symbols thereof having the bit weight 1; (two one-bit errors in the same symbol location, the other two in respective further symbol locations);
(c) the symbol weight of the resulting word is four; all symbols have the bit weight 1, all four one-bit errors in respective different symbol locations.
However, none of these cases produces a code word, so that two arbitrary one-bit errors can always be corrected.
The modulo-2 sum of one-symbol error and two one-bit errors could occur only in the following manner:
(a) the symbol weight equals two;
(b) the symbol weight equals three, two symbols then having the bit weight 1. However, none of these cases produce a code word so that an arbitrary symbol and also two arbitrary one-bit errors can always be corrected.
Furthermore, during erasure of a code symbol whose error locator is known but the magnitude of the error is not, moreover, a one-bit error can be corrected. This would be impossible only if two different one-bit errors would cause the same syndrome during the erasure of the same symbol. This would be possible only if:
a. the symbol weight of the code word equals two;
b. the code word has a symbol weight three, two symbols having a bit weight equal to one.
However, none of these cases occurs so that this one-bit error can also be corrected in the erasure mode.
FIG. 3 shows all possibilities for obtaining, by multiplication of the same matrix, all parity check matrices having the attractive properties described. Other (2�2) matrices can also be used for the multiplication, but no systematic codes are then obtained. Even though such codes have exactly the same error-correcting properties, the implementation thereof requires additional components. Further members of the same code family, having, therefore, the same error-correcting properties, can be found by:
a. permutation of the sequence of code symbols within a code word;
b. permutation of the sequence of the code bits within the respective code symbols;
c. multiplication of the parity check matrix [H], written as a bit matrix, by a non-singular matrix [T] consisting of 8�8 bits according to the formula [T]�[H];
d. starting with the other primitive and irreducible polynomial with inherent imaging of the series of powers in a on the sixteen elements of the Galois field GF (24), if desirable, combined with one (or more) of the above modifications in order to generate further members of the same code family.
The extended code family described herein is, therefore, the only family having the described properties for n=4, k=2 and m=4 (data words of two symbols of four bits and a redundancy degree of 2: code words of four symbols).
The encoder for such a code implements the multiplication of the data words by the generator matrix (which is derived from the parity check matrix in an elementary manner). This multiplication can be performed, for example, by means of a read-only memory (ROM). The decoder is more complex. It has been found that with the systematic codes of FIG. 3 the data words can always be reconstructed from an arbitrary set of two (k) undisturbed code symbols. It is advantageous to use this principle for the construction of the decoder.
FIG. 4 first of all shows the formation of the code symbols (c0, c1, c2, c3) from the data symbols (d0, d1) by means of the generator matrix (FIG. 3, second line). Also shown are the formation of (2 4)=(k n)=6 feasible sets of two code symbols and, using the inverted generator matrix, the reconstruction of the data symbols frowm the respective sets of code symbols.
In order to find the error location(s), first the set of possibly disturbed code symbols received is multiplied in the decoder by an extended parity check matrix [Q]. This matrix is shown in FIG. 5 and is derived from the original parity check matrix by multiplication by an auxiliary matrix [A]. The matrix [A] is determined on the basis of the following requirements:
1. all 2�2 sub-matrices of [A] are non-singular, so that any combination of two rows of the matrix [Q] can be used as a parity check matrix for defining the code;
2. each row of the matrix [Q] contains a single symbol 0;
3. the rows of the matrix [A] can be used for recalculating the data symbols in the manner shown in FIG. 4.
For the choice of the matrix [A] various possibilities exist within the limits imposed herein.
FIG. 6 shows a block diagram of a decoder. The code symbols arrive on input 100, that is to say bit-serially, in parallel or mixed. Block 102 is the syndrome former in which the code words are multiplied by the matrix [Q] as indicated. This results in the syndrome symbols s0, s1, s2, s3 which each correspond to a code symbol. If the code symbols are not disturbed, the syndrome equals zero; the use of the additional matrix [A] has no effect thereon. It has been found that the following cases occur:
(a) If no error has occurred in the normal mode, all syndrome symbols have the value zero (0).
(b) If a one symbol error occurs in the normal mode in the code symbol location i (iε{0, 1, 2, 3}), the syndrome symbol si =0, while all other syndrome symbols are not equal to zero.
(c) If two one-bit errors occur in the code symbol locations i, j (i≠j), the associated syndrome symbols are indicated by the restriction: ##EQU6## in which av =hij, aw =hji, and hij is the element of the matrix [Q] in row i and column j. The error locator can be exactly determined from these data in all cases. For example, when the code symbols c3 and c2 are disturbed, the symdromes s3 and s2 are both elements of the set (a0, a1, a2, a3). The reverse is also applicable.
Combinations which do not satisfy one of the above relations for the syndrome symbols cannot be corrected in the normal mode. Combinations which satisfy one of the above relations for the syndrome symbols, however, may also be due to a non-correctable fault or even by a non-detectable fault.
During operation in an erasure mode, for example for the supposedly incorrect code symbol in the code symbol location, this code symbol is ignored. If not further error occurs in the code word, the syndrome symbol Si =0. When a one-bit error occurs in the code symbol location j, the following is applicable:
si ε{av,av+1,av+2,av+3 },
in which av =hij in accordance with the earlier definition. The block 102 of FIG. 6 thus forms the four syndrome words s0, s1, s2, s3 on its relevant outputs for each code word. These syndrome words are applied to the blocks 104 and 106.
Block 104 is the data reconstruction device, for which purpose it receives the four syndrome symbols and, moreover the (possibly disturbed) code symbols on input 100. In block 104, (k n)=6 versions of the data word are formed, each time on the basis of a different sub-set of code symbols which are assumed to be non-disturbed. Thus, the data word Y32 which has been reconstructed on the basis of only the code symbols c2 and c3 appears on output 108; the same is applicable to the other outputs of the block 104. In block 106 six signals (FIG. 7b) are derived from the four syndrome symbols received in order to indicate which of the six data symbols reconstructed by the block 104 have been derived from non-disturbed code symbols. FIG. 7a shows the binary representation of the matrix [Q] of FIG. 5 (a binary representation of such a transformation matrix is customary); each of the "1" bits represents a term which must taken into account for the ultimate result by way of an EXCLUSIVE-OR operation.
FIG. 8 shows the respective combinations. It is apparent that the data symbols can be reconstructed by means of the received code symbols by bitwise addition (modulo-2) of data symbols and code symbols, and by means of two additional functions: t1=(a11 c3 +a4 c1) and t2=(a4 c3 +a8 c0). These latter functions are formed in the block 104 in accordance with an expression which is also shown in FIG. 7.
The steps to be taken for the selection of the appropriate pair from the six symbol pairs formed by the block 104 will be described hereinafter; the signalling takes place in block 106. FIG. 9 indicates symbolically which logic functions of the syncrome symbols are formed. For example, if the syndrome symbol s1 must form part of the set (a4, a5, a6, a7), this symbol is compared bit-wise with each of the four relevant elements of the Galois field GF(24) of FIG. 1. This condition has already been mentioned with respect to the localizing of two one-bit errors. When this condition is satisfied, the corresponding output signal bit in FIG. 9 becomes "true".
The decoder can operate in nine different modes, that is to say:
______________________________________the normal mode, referred to as RMerasure mode, ignore code symbol "3": EM3erasure mode, ignore code symbol "2": EM2erasure mode, ignore code symbol "1": EM1erasure mode, ignore code symbol "0": EM0gating mode on code symbols 3 and 2: MOS 32gating mode on code symbols 3 and 1: MOS 31gating mode on code symbols 3 and 0: MOS 30gating mode on code symbols 2 and 1: MOS 21gating mode on code symbols 2 and 0: MOS 20gating mode on code symbols 1 and 0: MOS 10______________________________________
Element 110 of FIG. 6 is a control and signalling register, FIG. 10 shows the embodiment comprising a four-bit mode register and the necessary decoding. FIG. 11 shows the criteria to be satisfied by the signals p and q described and the mode signals to be formed, and also the filling of the error signalling register which also contains four bits. The abbreviations used have the following meaning:
EE: the relevant code symbol is erased
BE: occurrence of a one-bit error
DBE: occurrence of a two-bit error
SSE: occurrence of a one-symbol error
NE: no errors (or: no error detected).
The indices after the letters indicate the number of the code symbol to which the erasure or error localization relates. A "1" in the columns for the variables p and q now indicates that the relevant variable must also have this value. A "0" means that the relevant variable may not have the value "1". If no causal relationship exists, no indication is given. It is to be noted that if qi,j =1, qi,k =0 for k≠j. Furthermore, if qij =qji =1, all other variables qk1 ≠1.
In this embodiment, the error is actually not corrected but the appropriate pair of code symbols on the basis of which the data symbols must be recovered is selected by error localization. Each correctable error occurs once in the table. The case NE (no errors) occurs twice: the system can thus utilize the first two code symbols (y10) in parallel as well as the last two code symbols (y32) in parallel. This means that the AND-gate 116 as well as 118 of the AND-gate 112 to 122 in FIG. 6 are conductive (these AND-gates each operate over a width of 8 bits). This is because the interface unit 124 comprises, for each bit-line of the 8-bit wide output 126, an OR-gate having six inputs: each of these inputs is fed by a different one of the AND-gate 112 to 122. If there is no error, the two results y32 and y10 are identical. This double definition of the case "NE" saves components as well as time in comparison with other solutions.
FIG. 12 shows the conditions to be satisfied, for the respective selections from the data y32, y31, y30, y21, y20, y10; these conditions are first shown as a sum of products which follows directly from the table of FIG. 11. Subsequently, they are each shown again as a product of sum terms. This conversion also utilizes the property that the signals RM, EMi and MOSij are disjunct: at any instant only one of these eleven signals can be true. These rewritten functions can be realized by means of fewer components and with a small signal delay time. The respective circuits for forming the control signals for the gates 112 to 122 in FIG. 6 are shown in the FIGS. 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18. The parts of the functions which depend only on the content of the mode register are shown in FIG. 19.
The error register, forming part of the element 110 in FIG. 6, contains the following information:
(1) if there are no errors, the register contains exclusively zeros;
(2) if one one-bit error or one one-symbol error occurs, the error register contains a single "1" which indicates the associated code symbol;
(3) if two one-bit errors occurs, the error register contains two data "1" which indicate the associated code symbols;
(4) in the erasure mode, the error register contains a "1" for the code symbol in which a one-bit error occurs; all other bits of the error register are zero;
(5) if a detectable, non-correctable error occurs, all bits of the error register are set to "1". The error register thus serves for the signalling of actual errors or previous errors. The mode register, however, serves for the (co)control of the actual operating mode and the selection from the data y32 . . . y10. In this embodiment both registers comprise as many bit positions as there are code symbols in the code word. However, other choices are also feasible. For example, in a double-length error register of eight bits, one half is used for signalling the one-bit errors and the other half for signalling one-symbol errors. This extended embodiment will not be elaborated upon herein.
Thus, an error-signalling tetrade is supplied to the error register each time in order to be combined bitwise with the information already stored. This means that it is not possible to distinguish one-symbol errors (successively) occurring in two different code words from a double one-bit error in the same code word. This is not objectionable, because the error register is used for external signalling and not for direct control. The word to be supplied to the error register is shown in FIG. 11 (extreme right-hand column) which illustrates the relationship between the content of the mode register, the various criteria described and the type of error. The selection functions have already been derived from the table of FIG. 11. These functions indicate which version (of the six feasible versions) of the data word is to be used. The content of the error register is partly determined by these selection functions. The conditions under which the first, the second, the third and the fourth bit of the error register are successively made equal to "1" are shown in the FIGS. 20a . . . 20d. These bits are also all set to "one" in the case of a detectable but non-correctable error; the relevant condition, however, is not shown in FIGS. 20a . . . d. These conditions are derived from the selection functions.
FIGS. 21a . . . 21f thus show the functions to be derived from configurations shown in FIGS. 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, respectively. For this purpose use is also made of the property that the variable RM, EMi and MOSij are mutually disjunct: at any given instant, at the most one of these variables can have the value "1".
Use is also made of the following functions which can be derived from the table in FIG. 10: ##EQU7##
Therein, M0 . . . M3 indicate the valves of the relevant mode register bits; a stroke over a variable indicates the inverted value. For example, from a comparison of (34)-(FIG. 12); (35)-(FIG. 20); (40)-(FIG. 21) it can be deduced that the value "1" must be applied to the bit position "0" of the error register subject to the following condition:
By combination with the expression given above, the conditions shown in the FIGS. 22a . . . d are obtained. These Figures also show the corresponding expressions for the other three bits of the error register.
FIG. 23 shows a realization involving twelve AND-gates (&) 200 . . . 222, four OR-gates (OR) 224 . . . 230 and a NOR-gate 232 for forming the set conditions. The error register comprises four data flipflops 234 . . . 240, whose clock control is not shown. These flipflops also comprise a reset input (not shown). The formation of the OR-function between the old content of the data flipflops and a new error-indicating word is realized by means of the OR-gates 242 . . . 248. When a detectable, non-correctable error arises, all syndrome symbols S0, S1, S2, S3 are different from zero. On the other hand, no "one" bit is applied to the error register (by way of the preceding OR-functions). This is due to the fact the previously derived functions react only to a correctable error (by forming the value "1"). This fact is utilized to derive the function which signals a detectable, non-correctable error (a non-detectable error, obviously, does not cause a system response). Therefore, if all four functions of FIG. 22 are not true and, moreover, the functions p2 and p3 have the value zero, a logic "1" is applied to all bit positions of the error register by way of the NOR-gate (inverted output) 232. The error register can be attractively used as a short-term updating device: a number of recent errors can be indicated therein. Alternatively, the error register may be used in a data processing system as follows. The error register is periodically read and reset to zero by a supervision device. This does not have a direct effect on the content of the mode register, as will appear hereinafter. The supervision device operates, for example, under software control. The content of the error register is then used, for example, for long-term updating: the number of error indications occurring over a given period of time is summed for each code symbol. The code symbols whose sums are the lowest can then be evaluated as being the most reliable, so that these symbols are used in the gating mode. The signalling of an uncorrectable error (gate 232) can be used to generate an interrupt signal or to control a retry. Such retries are customary in data processing devices. The sub-operations required for such a retry depend on the kind of device and the actual data processing; for the sake of brevity, they will not be elaborated upon herein.
FIG. 24 shows a computer system in which the invention is implemented; the interconnection of the subsystems has already been partly disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,402,045, be it for use with a less effective error-correcting code. The data words consist of 8 bits which are assumed to be two symbols of four bits. In the quadruple system shown, each data word is processed in each processor and is represented each time by four code bits in the associated memory or on the output of the sub-computer. The data words appear on the lines 62, 64, 66, 68. They are processed in the respective processor elements 12, 14, 16, 18. In reaction thereto, the processor elements generate data result words on the lines 90, 92, 94, 96 or address words on the lines 70, 72, 74, 76. A known memory management unit (not shown) may be provided for each of the relevant memories. The local memories 28, 30, 32, 34 are addressed via the address decoders 27, 29, 31, 33. From each 8-bit data word received, a 4-bit code symbol is formed in each of the code generators 20, 22, 24, 26, so that the code symbols formed from one data word together form one code word. These code symbols are presented to the memories 28, 30, 32, 34 in order to be stored. The code symbols read are regenerated in the read amplifiers 36, 38, 40, 42. The regeneration can alternatively be realized without intermediate storage in the memories. The code symbols can all be applied to all registers 46, 48, 50, 52. These registers are connected to the reconstruction devices or decoders 54, 56, 58, 60 for reconstructing the data words from the code words for presentation to the lines 62, 64, 66, 68. The combination of elements 46, 54, 12, 20, 28 and 36 is included in a single separate error isolation zone and correspondingly for further zones. It is assumed that the errors in two different error isolation zones are independent; in many cases this requirement is satisfied for many categories of errors if each error-isolation zone covers, for example, a separate printed circuit board plus components, or alternatively a separate integrated circuit. The circuit shown in the Figure thus forms four respective error isolation zones. The synchronization of the operations in the four error isolation zones has been omitted for the sake of clarity. The processors operate in accordance with relevant programs. The construction of the sub-systems in the relevant error-isolation zones is similar, except for the code generators (20, 24, 26, 28) which each implement a different algorithm for forming the four respective code symbols from the 8-bit data word. Furthermore, the control of the data reconstruction devices 54, 56, 58, 60 may differ depending on the control mode of the computer system. For the description of the possible interfacing for a peripheral apparatus, reference is made to the afore-said U.S. Pat. No. 4,402,045.
The data reconstruction device may be constructed in accordance with the principle described with reference to FIG. 6. During the erasure mode, all equipment of a selectable error isolation zone (FIA) may be ignored. It has been found that the normal mode which is capable of correcting two arbitrarily situated bit errors or a one-symbol error is very well suited for the correction of errors occurring in the memory. These latter errors usually are mutually independent and, moreover, are often so-called "soft errors". Symbol errors which render an entire symbol unreliable are usually caused by a faulty processor. It has been found that such symbol errors are usually of a permanent nature. However, they need not be repaired at short notice in this computer system, because the decoders can switch over to the erasure mode. The latter policy, however, involves a new risk in that a one-symbol error (≧2 bits in one symbol) and a further one-bit error could occur at the same time. This cannot be corrected during operation in the normal mode (RM). Therefore, it is important to switch over from the normal mode to the erasure mode as soon as possible. The switch is made subject to the following conditions:
(a) the system is previously in the normal miode (M0 M1 M2 M3 =0000);
(b) a one-symbol error whose bit weight is at least "2" occurs.
For the code symbol c3, the condition (b) is satifsfied if: ##EQU8## (the first and third conditions produce a one-symbol error; the opposite of the second condition produces a one-bit error). The condition is therefore: ##EQU9## For the other code words, the conditions are: ##EQU10## Furthermore, each error-isolation zone in FIG. 24 comprises a separate error register (148, 150, 152, 154) which is controlled by output signals from the relevant decoder (54, 56, 58, 60) and whose output signals are applied to the central control device 44. Finally there are shown the relevant reset lines for the error registers from the central control unit 44. The multiplicicity of these control lines is not shown. Furthermore, each error-isolation zone in FIG. 24 comprises a respective 4-bit mode register 140, 142, 144, 146. The mode registers are controlled by output signals from the associated decoders (54, 56, 58, 60). The content of each mode register controls the operating mode of the associated decoder. Furthermore, the setting of the error register is co-controlled by the content of the associated mode register. This relation is indicated each time by an additional arrow (parts of the circuit of FIG. 23 would thus be situated in the error register in FIG. 24). Finally, each mode register receives control signals from the central control device 44. The composition of these control lines will be described hereinafter. In the error-free condition, the same program is executed in all isolation zones. This is also applicable in the normal mode. However, if a systematic disturbance occurs in a given error isolation zone, the symbol error having probably the bit weight 2 resulting therefrom is detected in the other isolation zones; these zones will switch over to the erasure mode, so that the faulty isolation zone is no longer taken into account. In the faulty isolation zone itself the signalling need not be absolutely correct; it may even occur that completely different control occurs (for example, due to a failure of the mode register). However, the system as a whole continues to operate correctly thanks to the three other error isolation zones.
FIG. 25 shows the four-bit mode register and the associated control circuit. The condition signals are formed for the revelant mode bits by means of the four AND-gates 250 . . . 256. These condition signals are applied, via the OR-gates 258 . . . 264, to the register proper which is formed by four data flipflops 266 . . . 272. The clock control of these data flipflops is not shown separately. The output data are combined in NOR-gate 274: the output signal thereof (RM) indicates the normal mode. The circuit furthermore comprises an additional control input 276 and a four-bit data input 278. Using four AND-gates 280-286, random external information can be input, for example under the control of the residential software of the control device 44 of FIG. 24. For example, the gating mode can be initiated under the influence of the long-term updating of the detected errors.
The condition signals for the mode register bits are also derived from the functions SELij formed in the FIGS. 13 . . . 18; for example, for the flipflop 266: ##EQU11## (because, if RM=1, EM3 and MOS20 are equal to zero). A "1" signal on the control input 288 then acts as an enable signal. This signal may be formed only in given data processing phases, for example when all detection signals (pi, SELij) have come to a rest.
FIG. 26 shows a first alternative for the decoder, which alternative utilizes a preprogrammed read-only memory (ROM). First of all, an 8-bit syndrome is formed from the 16-bit code word by means of an exclusive OR-matrix (300). This syndrome contains the complete information concerning the error. Therefore, an 8-bit correction word can be formed by means of a read-only memory 302. This correction word can be added bit-wise modulo-2 to the two data symbols (304) in order to reconstruct the non-disturbed data word. Furthermore, the four signal bits to be applied to the error register 316 are to be formed at the same time. Since the system can operate in different modes, the read-only memory must also receive the four bits from the mode-register 308, because the interpretation of the syndrome is co-determined by the mode. Therefore, the read-only memory should have a capacity of 212 words of 12 bits. FIG. 25 also shows the binary version of the parity check matrix. This can be implemented by means of 38 two-input EXCLUSIVE OR gates. When these gates are arranged in a tree-like configuration, the implementation of this matrix introduces a delay of only three gate delay times. The interaction between mode register and error register takes place in the manner of FIG. 23 and is not shown separately; the further control of the mode register 308 is not shown separately either.
It is alternatively possible to implement the parity check matrix with a further read-only memory. To this end, only the non-identity part of the parity check matrix (at the top right in FIG. 26) is used: ##EQU12## The result is added to c3, c2 (EXCLUSIVE-OR) in order to produce the two-symbol result s. The latter is used exactly as shown in FIG. 26. The code can also be used for longer data words. For example, a 16-bit data word can be split directly into four symbols of four bits; these symbols are treated pair-wise each time. Evidently, a larger variation is then possible for dividing the system into a number of error isolation zones. Furthermore, the methods described are not restricted to symbols comprising at the most four bits.
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|Bakbone Software, Inc.
|Management interface for a system that provides automated, real-time, continuous data protection
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|Quest Software, Inc.
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|Method of creating hierarchical indices for a distributed object system
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|Temarylogic Llc
|Symbol error correction by error detection and logic based symbol reconstruction
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|1 Nov 2011
|Quest Software, Inc.
|Method for lock-free clustered erasure coding and recovery of data across a plurality of data stores in a network
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|Quest Software, Inc.
|Method and system for real-time event journaling to provide enterprise data services
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|Quest Software, Inc.
|Method for erasure coding data across a plurality of data stores in a network
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|31 Jan 2012
|Quest Software, Inc.
|System for moving real-time data events across a plurality of devices in a network for simultaneous data protection, replication, and access services
|4 Dec 2007
|31 Jan 2012
|Regents Of The University Of Minnesota
|Error detection and correction using error pattern correcting codes
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|6 Mar 2012
|Quest Software, Inc.
|Recovering a file system to any point-in-time in the past with guaranteed structure, content consistency and integrity
|28 Jul 2010
|3 Apr 2012
|Quest Software, Inc.
|Method and system for virtual on-demand recovery for real-time, continuous data protection
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|5 Jun 2012
|Quest Software, Inc.
|Method and system for data reduction
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|Quest Software, Inc.
|Method of creating hierarchical indices for a distributed object system
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|Method for lock-free clustered erasure coding and recovery of data across a plurality of data stores in a network
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|Quest Software, Inc.
|Recovering a file system to any point-in-time in the past with guaranteed structure, content consistency and integrity
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|Quest Software, Inc.
|Recovering a database to any point-in-time in the past with guaranteed data consistency
|29 Jan 2013
|Quest Software, Inc.
|Method and system for virtual on-demand recovery
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|Quest Software, Inc.
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|Method of creating hierarchical indices for a distributed object system
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|Dell Software Inc.
|Management interface for a system that provides automated, real-time, continuous data protection
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|Dell Software Inc.
|Method and system for virtual on-demand recovery
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|Dell Software Inc.
|Method and system for data reduction
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|Dell Software Inc.
|Recovering a database to any point-in-time in the past with guaranteed data consistency
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|Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba
|Encoding apparatus, encoding method and semiconductor memory system
|14 Dec 2012
|3 Mar 2015
|Dell Software Inc.
|Recovering a file system to any point-in-time in the past with guaranteed structure, content consistency and integrity
|8 Jun 2012
|1 Sep 2015
|Dell Software Inc.
|Method for lock-free clustered erasure coding and recovery of data across a plurality of data stores in a network
|21 Sep 2001
|16 May 2002
|Laurent Murillo
|High-efficiency error detection and/or correction code
|6 May 2005
|24 Nov 2005
|Sim-Tang Siew Y
|System for moving real-time data events across a plurality of devices in a network for simultaneous data protection, replication, and access services
|1 Nov 2005
|11 May 2006
|Sim-Tang Siew Y
|Management interface for a system that provides automated, real-time, continuous data protection
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|19 Aug 1987
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|Datenverarbeitungsanordnung bestehend aus vier im wesentlichen gleich aufgebauten moduln
|U.S. Classification
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|28 Oct 1982
Owner name: U.S.PHILIPS CORPORATION 100 EAST 42ND ST. NEW YORK
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNORS:KROL, THIJS;VONK, BERNARDUS J.;REEL/FRAME:004057/0796;SIGNING DATES FROM 19820921 TO 19820929
|29 Sep 1988
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|5 Oct 1992
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 8
|30 Sep 1996
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 12


text:
- OSI-Approved Open Source (57)
- Other License (3)
- Linux (53)
- Windows (52)
- Grouping and Descriptive Categories (51)
- Modern (41)
- Mac (29)
Role-Playing Software
NetHack is a popular single player dungeon exploration game that runs on a wide variety of computer systems.1,556 weekly downloads
NetHack - Falcon's Eye
NetHack - Falcon's Eye enhances the classic roguelike game NetHack with isometric high-res graphics, digitized effects, symphonic music and an intuitive mouse-driven interface, yet retains all the original gameplay and features.60 weekly downloads
SLASH'EM (SuperLotsaAddedStuffHack - Extended Magic) is a variant of Nethack. It is a roguelike, single-player role-playing game where the hero must venture through the depths of the Dungeon of Doom to retrieve the Amulet of Yendor.132 weekly downloads
IT-HE RPG Engine
IRE is a tile-based Computer Role-Playing Game engine based on Ultima 6, but with an emphasis on customisation and cross-platform support. Everything is controlled using scripts.29 weekly downloads
EQEmulator - Everquest Server Emulator
Game software for emulating an EverQuest server24 weekly downloads
The IRC's Talking Robot20 weekly downloads
Rogue Clone IV
Rogue Clone IV is an open-source reproduction of everybody's favorite role-playing game: rogue. There are currently ports to 16-bit DOS and 32-bit Windows.7 weekly downloads
GM Tools
GM Tools is currently innactive. GM Tools is a Game/Dungeon Master aid for role playing. It includes character, combat and world building management, and an adventure game.7 weekly downloads
Bermuda Triangle
Bermuda Triangle is an action adventure which comes up with three versions: Bermuda Triangle 3D, Bermuda Triangle 2D and Bermuda Triangle Text6 weekly downloads
Radical Dreamers English Translation
An English translation patch for the SNES game Radical Dreamers. <br>(c) 2000 - 2003 Demiforce. All yaya reserved.6 weekly downloads
Diablo II Game Server
D2GS is a Diablo II Game Server, to play diablo 2 on closed realms under pvpgn with version 1.10 and latter. IMPORTANT: We dont have a working d2gs, we only have a prototype, the release date is not defined at the moment.5 weekly downloads
The well-known KQ console-style RPG.1 weekly downloads
Eldritch is a first-person view, turn-based, party-based RPG similar in form to the games of the Wizardry series. Included with existing game content is a map editor with basic scripting abilities (and plaintext datafiles): this can be used as an engine.4 weekly downloads
Open Source Pokémon Game
The Open Source Pokémon Game is a project geared towards creating a game that replicates the style of the official Pokémon games released by Nintendo.2 weekly downloads
GameServ IRC Services
A multiplayer RPG that connects as a psuedo server to an IRCD. Built in the tradition of old BBS Door games such as LORD (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legend_of_the_Red_Dragon). Forest fights add experience and gold needed to best your master (gain level1 weekly downloads
Sinstrad MUD
This is the coding section of your all-time favorite MUD, Sinstrad. You probably know us from http://sinistrad.net3 weekly downloads
Universal Distributed Simulation Library
UDSL is abreviation of Universal Distributed Simulation Library. This is library for building flexible distributed simulation systems. This library uses Object Oriented appoach and based on distributed and decentralized architecture.3 weekly downloads
DCGenerator or DCGen is a port of the Sega Genesis emulator, Generator, to the Sega Dreamcast. The port was originally made by Atani and then continued with permission.2 weekly downloads
Dungeon Master - Open Edition
A free implementation of the classic game Dungeon Master from FTL/Interplay for GNU/Linux + SDL. Further implementations: other (POSIX preferred) systems supported by the SDL library.2 weekly downloads
A Gnome-based game in which you train, raise, and battle virtual monsters.2 weekly downloads
Atani Software
Atani Software has a primary focus of developing games for various platforms and also try to keep the good old BBS' alive with releases of door games, etc.1 weekly downloads
Adonthell is a single player RPG that combines the best features of the Final Fantasy and Ultima series with an epic plot set in a detailed virtual world. Now available at http://savannah.gnu.org/projects/adonthell!1 weekly downloads
Amberworld is (going to be) an interpreter for the Amiga classic Ambermoon (by Thalion) and games with a similar engine (Dragonflight, Amberstar, Albion). This project needs support, looking for an 680x0 assembler geek.1 weekly downloads
AnatoliaMUD: A Multi User Dungeon Game
Anatolia MUD is a Multi-User Dungeon game based on Diku MUD. Anatolia is another name for Asia-Minor: where Asia and Europe intersect. Anatolia MUD is a text based multi-user game. For further details please visit: http://anatoliamud.sf.net1 weekly downloads
A collection of source code for manipulating the various file formats (images, maps, sounds, models, etc...) used by The Elder Scrolls: Daggerfall, an old, but still popular CRPG.1 weekly downloads


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1 to 15 of 15 results
over 1000 record albums mostly rock
5 days ago in Baton Rouge, LA
some rare - some dj copies call - On Advertigo via Oodle.com
Harley Davidson Beer Bucket with glasses45.00 - Price: 45.00
22 days ago in Ponchatoula, LA
Black with logo also have a HD phone. On Advertigo via Oodle.com
How To Buy And Sell Gold Coins!
22 days ago in Baton Rouge, LA
Get This FREE Book Just For Visiting Website. Buying and Selling Gold Coins. Find out exactly which ... On Advertigo via Oodle.com
Sports Collectibles
22 days ago in Slidell, LA
Sports Center Collectibles LLC Buy Sell Trade Old Sports Collections Programs Vintage Cards Autograp... On Advertigo via Oodle.com
world Bazaars Inc. Doll with Lace and taffeta dress 13in. tall
22 days ago in Baton Rouge, LA
Pretty brunette hair porcelain body long lashes with shoes socks and bloomers. On Advertigo via Oodle.com
coca~cola novelty salt and pepper shakers
22 days ago in New Orleans, LA
Clear salt andpepper shakers. Brand new. Never used. On Advertigo via Oodle.com
Elvis a Presley Liquor Cabinet
22 days ago in Pass Christian, MS
ELVIS PRESLEY LIQUOR CABINET WITH PAPERWORK IN SUPERB CONDITION A VERY RARE ITEM OF A KIND FOR ANY M... On Advertigo via Oodle.com
old soda pop bottles
22 days ago in Slidell, LA
I have around various old coke sprite root beer Dr.pepper squirt and other old glass bottles from ea... On Advertigo via Oodle.com
1964 Chateau Lafite Rothschild (750ml)
22 days ago in Bogalusa, LA
Turned every 6 mnths. Cork solid. ml On Advertigo via Oodle.com
Angel of music Barbie doll in box - $53 (METAIRIE) - Price: $53.
22 days ago in Metairie, LA
This is a Barbie Doll from the Angels of Music Collection. She is in excelent condition and comes wi... On Advertigo via Oodle.com
22k sealed gold plated BABE RUTH new york yankees basebakl card
22 days ago in Picayune, MS
This card is good condition I m selling it cuz I m kinda poor and need the money bad On Advertigo via Oodle.com
scoobydoo collectibles
22 days ago in Plaquemine, LA
special edition of monapoly scooby doo with pewert play pieces worth .oo clue game pewert pieces wor... On Advertigo via Oodle.com
Antique Clawfoot Bathtub quot; Antique Pedstal Sink - Price: $2000.0
22 days ago in Denham Springs, LA
5ft antique bathtub refinshed inside white outside navy blue trimmed with brass facuet and brass cla... On Advertigo via Oodle.com
Buying comic books
22 days ago in Denham Springs, LA
Buying Comic Books. I have just starting collecting comics to read with my son at night. I am lookin... On Advertigo via Oodle.com
1900 Singer pedal sewing machine
22 days ago in Metairie, LA
good to fair condition On Advertigo via Oodle.com


text:
CL from korean pop group 2n1...
Eye Makeup, Harpers Bazaars, Cl 2Ne1, 2Ne1 Cl, Red Lips, Dark Lips, Bazaars Magazines, Bazaars Korea, Lips Rouge
Love thes dark lips
CL in Harper's Bazaar #eye #makeup #look #inspiration - Checkout #Baobella for more #idea #eyeshadow #bbloggers #beautybloggers #mua #makeupartist #smokey #intense #goingout #nightout #beauty #catliner #eyeliner #eyeshadow #beautiful #pretty #eyelash #intense #dramatic #catliner #smokey #glitter #glam #color #original #edgy #eyeliner #cat #liner
Dark red lips
CL 2NE1 for Harpers Bazaar Korea March 2013
korean artist gummy...
Artists News, Korean Music, Yg Gummy, Kpop Artists, Korean Artists, Kpop Ladies, Artists Gummy, Korean Obsession, Snow Flower
YG Gummy - image for her new OST song, "Snow Flower".
But, Mark Selig, Icons, David Bowie, Portraits, Rocks, Photo, Davidbowi, Labyrinths
David Bowie, Rocks
David Bowie, menswear, style icon
David Bowie. One of my first crushes. Thanks to Labyrinth! << True.
Mark Seliger David Bowie New York 1999 -repinned by Orange County portrait studio http://LinneaLenkus.com #fineartphotography
David Bowie. NYC, 1999. By Mark Seliger. Can I please have this man's wardrobe?
#davidbowie #music | DAVID BOWIE | MODERN LOVE
Love this photo of Bowie! Mark Seliger David Bowie New York 1999
can't keep...from eddie vedder's ukulele songs
It's that effing voice. And face. And HAIR.
Baek Ji Young to hold her first solo concert in 7 years in February
Lana Del Ray
Lanadelrey, Summer Hats, Lana Del Rey, Hats Gorgeous, Style, Mad Hatters, Beautiful People, Floppy Hats, Sun Hats
Lana Del Rey Fashion Style
Black and white sun hat
striped hat. #lanadelrey
floppy hats gorgeous
Eddie Vedder of Pearl Jam & Roger Waters of Pink Floyd at the 121212 benefit concert for hurricane Sandy victims...
121212 Benefits, Sandy Victim, Benefits Concerts, Pink Floyd, 121212 Concerts, Hurricane Sandy, Eddie Vedderpearl, Rogers Water Eddie Vedder, Pearls Jam
Roger Waters Eddie Vedder
Eddie Vedder with Rodger Waters of Pink Floyd at the 121212 concert for Hurricane Sandy relief... Brilliant.
waiting for the song...
Music, Hands, Art, Black White, Smoke Cigarette, Guitar, Cigarette Smokers, Rocks, Photography
♂ Black white photo music smoke
languorous hands, les paul, electric guitar, smoke, cigarette
The hand of a rock star...
music art
Photography Inspiration - Details - Hands - Music - Black & White - Product Photography - Indoor Photography
MV for radioactive by imagine dragons...
Imagination Dragon Songs, Imagination Dragon Videos, Band, Pop Music, Imagine Dragons, Radioact Imagination Dragon, Music Videos, Imagination Dragon Radioact, Stuffed Animal
I have to wonder what Imagine Dragons's thought process was for this video. "You know what we need? Fighting stuffed animals." Radioactive- Imagine Dragons
Imagine Dragon- Radioactive. "I raise my flags, done my clothes It's a revolution, I suppose We'll paint it red to fit right in" Music video by Imagine Dragons performing Radioactive. © 2012 Interscope
Imagine Dragons - Radioactive . RADIO AMICI by PRATICA US! TUTTE LE NOVITA SULLA POP MUSIC DAGLI STATI UNITI LE ASCOLTATE SU PRATICA RADIO AMICI E LE GUARDATE SULLA PIATTAFORMA VIDEO DI PRATICA RADIO TUBE
Imagine Dragons - Radioactive... really odd music video (like dog fights with stuffed animals) pretty creepy.
Soft furry animals bring it on: Imagine Dragons' video "Radioactive"
Imagine Dragons - Radioactive: One of the best music videos I've ever seen. A perfect mix of showing off the band members while comunicating the song through storytelling
I am ADDICTED to the new Imagine Dragons song at the moment! What do you think of it?
mumford & sons...weep little lion man
Music, Mumford And Sons, Life, Band, Mumford Sons, Songs Lyrics, Quotes Lyr, Little Lion Men, Lionman
bwargs: perhapsillbeokay: I feel like this is me. I came into high school brave and happy and full of life. I'm a senior this year and I feel totally broken down and cowardly. i don't think i can relate to this any more than i already do
Band: Mumford & Sons Album: Sigh No More Song: Little Lion Man/// and it was not your fault but mine, and it was your heart on the line, I really fucked it up this time, didn't I my dear , didn't I?
Little Lion Man - Mumford Sons
Little Lion Man by Mumford and sons
ed sheeran...
Sheeran Songs, Edsheeran, Poster Ideas, Sheeran Lyrics, Christopher Sheeran, Songs Lyrics, Ed Sheeran, Sheeran 3, Phones Cases
I want a phone case like this!
Ed Sheeran lyrics
Ed Sheeran song lyrics ♪
All Things Ed Sheeran ❤ #edsheeran
Ed Sheeran <3
Poster idea
music is the best solution to any problem....
Life, Plan, Solutions, Music Quotes, Soul, Truths, So True, Living, Inspiration Quotes
Music is the best solution to any problem. Don't I know it, the best counselor, anti-depresent, and stimulant Music #Quote #good #piano #nice
Music, Country, Soulful, Piano
An anonymous blog about music, love, life, therapy, healing, honesty, and truth
Music is the best solution to any problem | Inspirational Quotes
I cant escape a day without music. They say, sometimes music is your only friend. Cause It gives you the best words and melody and it calms you down for a while when you dont even feel like living anymore. Sometimes music saves you :) Thanks goodness music exists But still.. distance is real.. i wish it didn't exist And thats one of the reasons i hate life
Music is the best solution to any problem life quotes quotes music quote life life lessons
"As the winter winds litter London with lonely hearts. Oh the warmth in your eyes swept me into your arms" -Mumford & Sons
Mumford And Sons, Lonely Heart, Mumford Sons, Favorite Songs, Winter Wind, Favourit Songs, Eye Swept, Sons London, Sons Lyrics
mumford & sons lyrics
Mumford- my favorite song off their first album!
"As the winter winds litter London with lonely hearts. Oh the warmth in your eyes swept me into your arms" -Mumford Sons
Mumford and Sons London
Oh, the warmth in your eyes swept me into your arms. Was it love or fear of the cold that led us through the night? For every kiss your beauty trumped my doubt...<3 Mumford and Sons - Winter Winds
My favourite song ever!!! :)
ziggy stardust live...david bowie
Music Davidbowi, Davidbowi Glamrock, Motion Pictures, Bowie Ziggy, 10 Music, David Bowieth, Davis Bowie, Bowie Performing, Music Genre
Davie Bowie - Ziggy Stardust (From the Motion Picture) #britishinvasion
David Bowie- Ziggy Stardust
10 Musical Genres That Need to Be Revived ASAP
David Bowie - "Ziggy Stardust" @ Young Person´s Guide to: "Glam-Rock" #music #davidbowie #glamrock
Woman's World by Cher Listen to the Official version of Cher's new single "Woman's World" Links: http://www.Cher.com http://www.Facebook.com/Cher http://www.Twitter.com/Cher Cher -- "Woman's World" Lyrics I'm dancin' solo in the dark on the club floor I need to let it go, shake it off, stop thinking about you Lose myself in the beat of the...
New song from Cher..."It's a Woman's World"...audio
Snapcacklepop News, Music Cure, Single Women, Single Alert, Pop Music, Songs Hye-Kyo, Album 2013, Cher Women, Entertainment
New Single Alert - It's the return (again) of Cher with new single Womans World..!
new album 2013
G for Gibson
Guitar Babes, Band Photography, Colorsplash, Music Instruments, Color Splash, Rocks, Photography Ideas, Sexy Guitar Photography, Electric Guitar
Guitar babe
Rock Star
#brown #guitar #selectivecolor #colorsplash #photography
one by epik high
Snsd Girls, Korean Music, Bad Note, Girls Generation, Kpop Songs, Favorite Songs, 3 International Music, Korean Songs, Epik High
I'm in love with Epik High right now. It's a hip hop group out of Korea. Good stuff. Not a Korean boyband or even close to the type of K-Pop you hear from Super Junior or SNSD (Girl's Generation).
([MV] One - Epik High) Shiro, I know our friendship ended on a bad note, and I'm truly sorry. I've wanted so many times to tell you I'm sorry, that I truly think it was a huge miscommunication that spiraled out of control, and that I know if I hadn't overreacted how I had it never would have happened or at least not gotten out of control. I miss you.
don't hate me...epik high from their new album 99
I Hate You, High Don T Hate, Epik High Don T, Korean Music, I Love You, Kpop Songs, Epikhigh, Kpop Videos, Love Me
EPIK HIGH - DON'T HATE ME M/V how can I hate you?
Epik High's Dont Hate Me - it's too cute not to love it.. "Everybody hates me but you love me and i love you"
Epik High wants to produce a mind blowing album for their 10th anniversary
Korean Music, Make Magazines, High 에픽하이, Ygfamili, Black Outfit, Kpop, Anniversaries, Yg Families, Epik High
Epik High, Elle Magazine, Dec 2012
Epik High, all black outfits once again. UNF
Epik High (에픽하이)
Sweet photo of Tablo and his wife, Kang Hye Jung in "Letters From Angels" campaign for Cosmopolitan magazine
Kpop Kdrama, The Return Of Superman Korean, Kpop Solo, Kang Hye, Cosmopolitan Magazines, Lee Emotion, Epikhigh, Hye Jung, Cosmopolitan Korea
Tablo and Kang Hye Jung Cosmopolitan Korea Magazine December Issue '12
Lee Haru!
ellie goulding...MV "Anything Could Happen"
Ellie Goulding Videos, New Music Videos, Debut Single, Girls, Happen Playlists, Album Halcyon, Musicvideo, Happen Lyrics, Ellie Goulding Music
This artist is a combination of Christina Aquliria and Kate Bush. Ellie Goulding's debut single "Anything Could Happen" from the forthcoming album Halcyon is a refreshing mid-tempo diversion from the current dance heavy radio waves. Check her out.
Ellie Goulding - Anything Could Happen (+playlist)
Ellie Goulding - Anything Could Happen They played this on New Girl. Catchy. :)
Anything Could Happen Lyrics and Official Music Video by Ellie Goulding Stripped to the waist, we fall into the river Cover your eyes, so you don't know the secret
Natacha is listening to #AnythingCouldHappen by #EllieGoulding #music #musicvideo #vevo #youtube
New Music Video "Anything could happen" By Ellie Goulding
gangnam time...
Gangnam Style, Time Adventure, Adventure Time, Advench Time, Success Gangnam, Gangnam Time
gangnam time!
florence welch from florence and the machine...
Music, Girls Crushes, Beautiful, The Queen, Florencewelch, Redheads, Florence The Machine, Hair Color, Florence Welch
Florence Welch is a Natural (Redhead)
the queen
like the hair color
Love her and her music!
Florence Welch from Florence + the Machine. Current girl crush. Beautiful hair, amazing voice & overall lovely!
Florence Welch of Florence &The Machine
David Bowie
But, White Dukes, Beau Oui, Thin White, Icons, Comm Bowie, David Bowie, Oui Comm, Photo
David Bowie - thin white duke
David Bowie - photo promo for Fame single, 1975
Lovely man.
mumford & sons...


text:
California Federation of Interpreters, Local 39000
The labor union and professional association for court interpreters statewide
CFI's mission is to bring together interpreters _ employees and independent contractors _ of all languages to speak with one voice: the voice of unity. Together we advocate for the interests of the legal interpreting profession and language access. We engage in advocacy on a broad range of issues including professional best practices, training programs and certification standards. Our annual conference is one of the largest gathering of interpreters and offers attendees the required continuing education credits and networking opportunities to professional and aspiring court interpreters.
If you have a labor related question or potential grievance, please contact your local steward. Grievance issues may be time sensitive, so report any issue right away to preserve your rights. Click here for a list of stewards by county.
If there is no steward in your county, please call your local CFI office to be referred to a representative. Click here for contact information.
To report an incident related to language access or other concerns click the quick link on the right. These incident reports are forwarded to CFI representatives and local stewards.
If you have a continuing education question, please contact our conference and seminar organizers at email@example.com
The Benefits of Membership
Join Today
CFI's Annual Continuing Education Conference
Mark your calendars for Columbus Day weekend: October 9-11 at The Marriott Oakland City Center.
Get all your participatory credits in one weekend at the largest gathering of court interpreters in the U.S. Each year, the CFI conference offers many workshop choices, attracting top-notch presenters and court interpreters from around the country.
Continue Reading
A Statewide Update from CFI President Ariel Torrone: Click on News under the Home tab to keep up with the latest information on interpreter issues.


text:
According to the Seattle Post-Intelligencer, the founders of Starbucks named their coffeehouse after the first-mate, Starbuck, in Herman Melville's book, "Moby Dick." Interestingly, Starbucks co-founder Gordon Bowker recalls that the coffeehouse was almost named Cargo House.Know More
Neither Bowker nor his business partner Terry Heckler thought Cargo House was a satisfactory name. As they brainstormed, Heckler noted that words beginning with "St" sounded powerful, so they began to make a list. After consulting an old mining map of Mount Rainier for inspiration, they saw, and liked, the name Starbo. Bowker then made a mental connection with the Melville character, and they settled on the name.Learn more about Corporations
Starbucks doesn't have an official slogan. However, they do have an official mission statement. Their mission statement is, "To inspire and nurture the human spirit–one person, one cup and one neighborhood at a time."Full Answer >
The name of the boat in "Moby Dick" is the Pequod, which is also the name of a Native American tribe that lived in the northeastern United States.Full Answer >
The whaling ship in "Moby Dick" was named the Pequod. The Pequod is a worn, 19th-century Nantucket whaling ship. Most Nantucket whaling ships at the time were three-masted like the Pequod. However, all three masts on the Pequod were replacements, as the originals were lost in a typhoon in Japan.Full Answer >
Starbucks Corporation does not offer new franchise opportunities for its stores. However, it provides franchises for Seattle's Best Coffee, which is a wholly owned subsidiary of Starbucks.Full Answer >


text:
Lovely vintage retro printed floral scarf, measuring approx 54" long by 10" wide. The scarf has no labels but is unmistakably pure silk, with a beautiful flower print in pinks, slate blue, orange and olive, very eye catching. The scarf is in good vintage estate order, with no tears or major stains, it make a lovely neck-scarf, sash or hair bow, free shipping on this item in the USA.
Beautiful Estate Items from South Carolina, plus much more!
The Loveliest Glass, Linen, Quilts, and Furnishings to make Fall, Thanksgiving & Christmas a Time to Enjoy!


text:
Law News
News on Law continually updated from thousands of sources around the net.
LA County Sheriffa s Department, feds bury hatchet to fight crime
7 hrs ago | Whittier Daily News | Comment?
NY district attorney's policy barring guns prompts debate
12 hrs ago | News Times | Comment?
Lawmakers, activists await action
16 hrs ago | Inside Bay Area | Comment?
Halliburton offers settlements over chemical in wells
Yesterday | Valley Morning Star | Comment?
Oklahoma County deputy resigns after domestic abuse charge
Yesterday | KSWO | Comment?
37 Celebrities Who Killed Someone In Real Life
Iran Nuclear Agreement: Black Mark or Gold Star for Obama?
policy 1,494
When Does Anti-Immigration Go Too Far?
Immigration 107
Ohio's AG: About 9,000 rape kits tested for DNA matches
Yesterday | WBNS | Comment?
Records: Accused murderer, rapist Aguirre had troubled past as Pasco cop
Yesterday | Tri-cityherald.com | Comment?
Death row inmate at 16, later freed, she can't escape past
Yesterday | The Republic | Comment?
Dozens of deaths likely from VW pollution dodge
Saturday | KPIC | Comment?
More police refusing to name shooters for fear of copycats
Saturday | KPLC-TV Lake Charles | Comment?
Clinton pledges action for LGBT Americans
Saturday | WMDT | Comment?
Departures from Alaska at highest point in 25 years
Saturday | The Republic | Comment?
Selma Blair reveals what it's like to play Kris Jenner in American Crime Story
Saturday | Witney Gazette | Comment?
Pence orders agencies to follow task force recommendations
Saturday | WFIE-TV Evansville | Comment?
Charges tossed against man accused of killing wife's grandma
Friday | The Day | Comment?
Judge: Arkansas Must Fund Some Planned Parenthood Benefits
Friday Oct 2 | ArkansasBusiness.com | Comment?
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Updated: Mon Oct 05, 2015 12:25 pm
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The original home of Happy Endings, the infamous erotic Massage Parlor. Had a hard day at work? Trouble with the girlfriend? Or just need to take a load off? Whatever it is, youre guaranteed to go home satisfied after our talented and sexy masseuses get done with you. However you like your Happy Ending, hands only, a nice slow blowjob, or a double the pleasure 69, Massage Parlor has you covered.
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