text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Nov 18, 2008
|Filing date
|Jun 3, 2005
|Priority date
|Jun 3, 2005
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Yuhua Tong, John F. Yanus
|Original Assignee
|Xerox Corporation
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (8), Classifications (12), Legal Events (2)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
The entire disclosures of U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,418,107; 5,019,473; and 4,587,189 are incorporated herein by reference.
The present disclosure relates, in various exemplary embodiments to certain hole transport polymers and their synthesis. The hole transport polymers have improved anti-deletion, charge mobility and mechanical properties that can be used in an overcoat composition for long life photoreceptors.
In the art of electrophotography, an electrophotographic imaging member or plate comprising a photoconductive insulating layer on a conductive layer is imaged by first uniformly electrostatically charging the surface of the photoconductive insulating layer. The plate is then exposed to a pattern of activating electromagnetic radiation, for example light, which selectively dissipates the charge in the illuminated areas of the photoconductive insulating layer while leaving behind an electrostatic latent image in the non-illuminated areas. This electrostatic latent image may then be developed to form a visible image by depositing finely divided electroscopic toner particles, for example from a developer composition, on the surface of the photoconductive insulating layer. The resulting visible toner image can be transferred to a suitable receiving member such as paper. This imaging process may be repeated many times with reusable photosensitive members.
Electrophotographic imaging members are usually multilayered photoreceptors that comprise a substrate support, an electrically conductive layer, an optional hole blocking layer, an optional adhesive layer, a charge generating layer, a charge transport layer, and an optional protective or overcoating layer(s). The imaging members can take several forms, including flexible belts, rigid drums, etc. For most multilayered flexible photoreceptor belts, an anti-curl layer is usually employed on the back side of the substrate support, opposite to the side carrying the electrically active layers, to achieve the desired photoreceptor flatness.
One type of multi-layered photoreceptor that has been employed as a belt in electrophotographic imaging systems comprises a substrate, a conductive layer, a charge blocking layer, a charge generating (photogenerating) layer, and a charge transport layer. The charge transport layer often comprises an activating small molecule dispersed or dissolved in a polymeric film forming binder. Generally, the polymeric film forming binder in the transport layer is electrically inactive by itself and becomes electrically active when it contains the activating molecule. The expression "electrically active" means that the material is capable of supporting the injection of photogenerated charge carriers from the material in the charge generating layer and is capable of allowing the transport of these charge carriers through the electrically active layer in order to discharge a surface charge on the active layer. The multi-layered type of photoreceptor may also comprise additional layers such as an anti-curl backing layer, required when layers possess different coefficient of thermal expansion values, an adhesive layer, and an overcoating layer. Commercial high quality photoreceptors have been produced which utilize an anti-curl coating.
Imaging members are generally exposed to repetitive electrophotographic cycling which subjects exposed layers of imaging devices to abrasion, chemical attack, heat and multiple exposure to light. This repetitive cycling leads to a gradual deterioration in the mechanical and electrical characteristics of the exposed layers. For example, repetitive cycling has adverse effects on exposed portions of the imaging member. Attempts have been made to overcome these problems. However, the solution of one problem often leads to additional problems.
Cracks developed in the charge transport layer during cycling are a frequent phenomenon and most problematic because they can manifest themselves as print-out defects which adversely affect copy quality. Charge transport layer cracking has a serious impact on the versatility of a photoreceptor and reduces its practical value for automatic electrophotographic copiers, duplicators and printers.
Another problem encountered with electrophotographic imaging members is corona species induced deletion in print due to oxidation of the charge transport molecules by chemical reaction with corona species. During electrophotographic charging, corona species are generated. Corona species include, for example ozone, nitrogen oxides, acids and the like.
Other problems affecting the performance of the imaging member include lateral charge migration and stress cracking in the photoreceptor. The concentration of charge transport molecules in the charge transport layer is a known factor affecting the degree of lateral charge migration. In particular, higher concentrations of charge transport molecules near the surface of the charge transport layer tend to result in a higher degree of lateral charge migration and more stress cracks.
In electrophotographic photoreceptor devices having a hole transport layer, the layer usually comprises hole transport triarylamine small molecules dispersed in polymeric binders. Because these small molecules are prone to crystallization in machine operating conditions, this crystallization induced phase separation of the hole transport layer could easily lead to the failure of the whole device. Accordingly, it is advantageous to maintain the hole transport layer amorphous. Appropriate selection and synthesis of polymer hole transport material is one method available to solve this problem. But, the synthesis of hole transport polymers normally requires proper catalysts and produces non-volatile side products. The purification of these catalyst and side-products is often very difficult. To date, few polymer hole transport materials have been successfully used in photoreceptor products. Accordingly, there is a need to identify hole transport polymers that promote future long life photoreceptor devices, and methods for the preparation of such hole transport polymers.
The present disclosure, in various exemplary embodiments thereof, relates to a method for forming a polymeric hole transport material having triarylamine groups. The method comprises, for example, providing a methylphenyl amino benzaldehyde. The method also comprises providing Meldrum's acid derivatives. The method additionally comprises reacting effective amounts of the methylphenyl amino benzaldehyde and Meldrum's acid derivatives to produce a grafted Meldrum-triarylamine intermediate. The method also comprises providing a hydroxylated polymer. And, the method comprises reacting effective amounts of the grafted Meldrum-triarylamine intermediate and the hydroxylated polymer to thereby produce a polymeric hole transport material comprising triarylamine groups. The exemplary embodiment includes the resulting polymeric hole transport material.
In another aspect, the present disclosure relates, in exemplary embodiments thereof, to a method for forming a polymeric hole transport material having triarylamine groups. The method comprises providing Meldrum's acid derivatives and a triarylamine entity. The method also comprises reacting effective amounts of Meldrum's acid derivatives and the triarylamine entity to produce a Meldrum-triarylamine intermediate. The method also comprises providing a hydroxyethyl methacrylate. And, the method comprises reacting effective amounts of the Meldrum-triarylamine intermediate and the hydroxyethyl methacrylate to thereby produce a polymeric hydroxyethyl methacrylate having triarylamine groups. The exemplary embodiment includes the resulting hole transport material.
Additionally, the present disclosure, in various exemplary embodiments thereof, relates to a photoreceptor comprising a substrate and a charge generating layer disposed on the substrate. The photoreceptor also comprises a hole transport layer disposed on the charge generating layer. The hole transport layer includes a polymeric hole transport material having triarylamine groups. The hole transport material is one or both of (i) poly(vinyl butyral) having triarylamine groups, and (ii) hydroxyethyl methacrylate having triarylamine groups.
Further, the present disclosure relates, in various embodiments thereof, to a photoreceptor comprising a substrate; a charge generating layer disposed on the substrate; a hole transport layer disposed on the charge generating layer; and optionally an overcoat layer disposed on the hole transport layer, at least one of the hole transport layer and optional overcoat layer including a polymeric hole transport material comprising a modified triarylamine attached to a polymer material.
These and other non-limiting characteristics and features of the development are more particularly disclosed below.
The following is a brief description of the drawings, which are presented for the purposes of illustrating the exemplary embodiments disclosed herein and not for the purposes of limiting the same.
The exemplary embodiment provides polymeric hole transporters with anti-deletion capabilities, high charge carrying mobility and excellent mechanical properties. These polymers can be used as an overcoat layer, particularly for economic reasons, but is not restricted as such. The exemplary embodiment also provides a method for the production of these polymers, layers including such polymers, and imaging members utilizing such layers.
Also included within the scope of the present disclosure are methods of imaging and printing with the photoresponsive devices illustrated herein. These methods generally involve the formation of an electrostatic latent image on the imaging member, followed by developing the image with a toner composition comprised, for example, of thermoplastic resin, colorant, such as pigment, charge additive, and surface additives, reference U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,560,635; 4,298,697; and, 4,338,390, the disclosures of which are totally incorporated herein by reference, subsequently transferring the image to a suitable substrate, and permanently affixing the image thereto.
A more complete understanding of the processes and apparatuses disclosed herein can be obtained by reference to the accompanying drawings. These figures are merely schematic representations based on convenience and the ease of demonstrating the present development, and are, therefore, not intended to indicate relative size and dimensions of the imaging devices-or components thereof.
Although specific terms are used in the following description for the sake of clarity, these terms are intended to refer only to the particular structure of the embodiments selected for illustration in the drawings, and are not intended to define or limit the scope of the disclosure. In the drawings and the following description below, it is to be understood that like numeric designations refer to component of like function.
The substrate may be opaque or substantially transparent and may comprise numerous suitable materials having the required mechanical properties. Accordingly, this substrate may comprise a layer of an electrically non-conductive or conductive material such as an inorganic or an organic composition. As electrically non-conducting materials there may be employed various thermoplastic and thermoset resins known for this purpose including polyesters, polycarbonates, polyamides, polyurethanes, and the like or metals such as aluminum, nickel, steel, stainless steel, titanium, chromium, copper, Indium tin oxide, tin, and the like. The substrate may have any suitable shape such as, for example, a flexible web, rigid cylinder, sheet and the like. Preferably, the substrate support is in the form of an endless flexible belt.
The thickness of a flexible substrate support depends on numerous factors, including economical considerations, and thus this layer for a flexible belt may be of substantial thickness, for example, over 200 micrometers, or of minimum thickness less than 50 micrometers, provided there are no adverse affects on the final photoconductive device. In one flexible belt embodiment, the thickness of this layer ranges from about 65 micrometers to about 150 micrometers, and preferably from about 75 micrometers to about 125 micrometers for optimum flexibility and minimum stretch when cycled around small diameter rollers, e.g. 12 millimeter diameter rollers.
In embodiments where the substrate layer is not conductive, the surface thereof may be rendered electrically conductive by an electrically conductive coating. The conductive coating may vary in thickness over substantially wide ranges depending upon the optical transparency, degree of flexibility desired, and economic factors. Accordingly, for a flexible photoresponsive imaging device, the thickness of the conductive coating may be from about 20 angstroms to about 750 angstroms, and more preferably from about 100 angstroms to about 200 angstroms for an optimum combination of electrical conductivity, flexibility, and light transmission. The flexible conductive coating may be an electrically conductive metal layer formed, for example, on the substrate by any suitable coating technique, such as a vacuum depositing technique or electrodeposition. Typical metals include aluminum, zirconium, niobium, tantalum, vanadium and hafnium, titanium, nickel, stainless steel, chromium, tungsten, molybdenum, and the like.
An optional hole blocking layer may be applied to the substrate. Any suitable and conventional blocking layer capable of forming an electronic barrier to holes between the adjacent photoconductive layer and the underlying conductive surface of a substrate may be utilized.
An optional adhesive layer may be applied to the hole blocking layer. Any suitable adhesive layer may be utilized and such adhesive layer materials are well known in the art. Typical adhesive layer materials include, for example, polyesters, polyurethanes, and the like. Satisfactory results may be achieved with adhesive layer thickness from about 0.05 micrometer (500 angstroms) and about 0.3 micrometer (3,000 angstroms). Conventional techniques for applying an adhesive layer coating mixture to the charge blocking layer include spraying, dip coating, roll coating, wire wound rod coating, gravure coating, Bird applicator coating, and the like. Drying of the deposited coating may be effected by any suitable conventional technique such as oven drying, infra red radiation drying, air drying, and the like.
At least one electrophotographic imaging layer is formed on the adhesive layer, blocking layer, or substrate. The electrophotographic imaging layer may be a single layer that performs both charge generating and charge transport functions, as is well known in the art, or it may comprise multiple layers such as a charge generator layer and charge transport layer. Charge generator (also referred to as photogenerating) layers may comprise amorphous films of selenium and alloys of selenium and arsenic, tellurium, germanium and the like, hydrogenated amorphous silicon and compounds of silicon and germanium, carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, and the like fabricated by vacuum evaporation or deposition. The charge generator layers may also comprise inorganic pigments of crystalline selenium and its alloys; Group II-VI compounds; and organic pigments such as quinacridones, polycyclic pigments such as dibromo anthanthrone pigments, perylene and perinone diamines, polynuclear aromatic quinones, azo pigments including bis-, tris- and tetrakisazos; and the like dispersed in a film forming polymeric binder and fabricated by solvent coating techniques. Illustrative organic photoconductive charge generating materials include azo pigments such as Sudan Red, Dian Blue, Janus Green B, and the like; quinone pigments such as Algol Yellow, Pyrene Quinone, Indanthrene Brilliant Violet RRP, and the like; quinocyanine pigments; perylene bisimide pigments; indigo pigments such as indigo, thioindigo, and the like; bisbenzoimidazole pigments such as Indofast Orange toner, and the like; phthalocyanine pigments such as titanyl phthalocyanine, aluminochlorophthalocyanine, hydroxygalliumphthalocyanine, and the like; quinacridone pigments; or azulene compounds. Suitable inorganic photoconductive charge generating materials include for example cadium sulfide, cadmium sulfoselenide, cadmium selenide, crystalline and amorphous selenium, lead oxide and other chalcogenides. Alloys of selenium are encompassed by embodiments of the disclosure and include for instance selenium-arsenic, selenium-tellurium-arsenic, and selenium-tellurium.
A charge generating layer of the exemplary embodiment photoreceptor can comprise a perylene or a phthalocyanine pigment applied either as a thin vacuum sublimation deposited layer or as a solution coated layer containing the pigment dispersed in a film forming resin binder. For photoreceptors utilizing a perylene charge generating layer, the perylene pigment is preferably benzimidazole perylene which is also referred to as bis(benzimidazole). This pigment exists in the cis and trans forms.
Benzimidazole perylene is ground into fine particles having an average particle size of less than about 1 micrometer and dispersed in a preferred polycarbonate film forming binder of poly(4,4′-diphenyl-1,1′-cyclohexane carbonate). Optimum results are achieved with a pigment particle size from about 0.2 micrometer to about 0.3 micrometer. Benzimidazole perylene is described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,019,473 and U.S. Pat. No. 4,587,189.
Although photoreceptor embodiments prepared with a charge generating layer comprising benzimidazole perylene dispersed in various types of resin binders give reasonably good results, the photoreceptor benzimidazole perylene dispersed in poly(4,4′-diphenyl-1,1′-cyclohexane carbonate) is also useful.
Particularly, the film forming polycarbonate binder for the charge generating layer has a molecular weight from about 20,000 to about 80,000. Satisfactory results may be achieved when the dried charge generating layer contains from about 20 percent to about 90 percent by volume benzimidazole perylene dispersed in poly(4,4′-diphenyl-1,1′-cyclohexane carbonate) based on the total volume of the dried charge generating layer. Preferably, the perylene pigment is present in an amount from about 30 percent to about 80 percent by volume. Optimum results are achieved with an amount from about 35 percent to about 45 percent by volume. The use of poly(4,4′-diphenyl-1,1′-cyclohexane carbonate) as the charge generating binder is preferred, because it allows a reduction in perylene pigment loading without an extreme loss in photosensitivity.
Any suitable organic solvent may be utilized to dissolve the polycarbonate binder. Typical solvents include tetrahydrofuran, toluene, methylene chloride, and the like. Tetrahydrofuran is preferred because it has no discernible adverse effects on xerography and has an optimum boiling point to allow adequate drying of the generator layer during a typical slot coating process. Coating dispersions for charge generating layer may be formed by any suitable technique using, for example, attritors, ball mills, Dynomills, paint shakers, homogenizers, microfluidizers, and the like.
Any suitable coating technique may be used to apply coatings. Typical coating techniques include slot coating, gravure coating, roll coating, spray coating, spring wound bar coating, dip coating, draw bar coating, reverse roll coating, and the like.
Any suitable and conventional technique may be utilized to mix and thereafter apply the charge transport layer coating mixture to the charge generating layer. Typical application techniques include spraying, dip coating, roll coating, wire wound rod coating, and the like. Drying of the deposited coating may be effected by any suitable conventional technique such as oven drying, infra red radiation drying, air drying and the like. Generally, the thickness of the transport layer is from about 5 micrometers to about 100 micrometers, but thicknesses outside this range can also be used. A dried thickness of from about 18 micrometers to about 35 micrometers is preferred with optimum results being achieved with a thickness from about 24 micrometers to about 29 micrometers.
The charge transport layer can comprise an arylamine small molecule dissolved or molecularly dispersed in a polycarbonate.
In embodiments, the charge transport layer comprises a polymeric hole transport material in accordance with the present disclosure, which includes a modified triarylamines grafted to a polymer material. The exemplary embodiment provides a strategy in which hole transport materials, such as triarylamine are reacted to generate an aldehyde functional group. The aldehyde groups can then be subsequently coupled with Meldrum's acid to form a reactive intermediate. This reactive intermediate (Meldrum's acid attached triarylamine) can easily polymerize with diols or any polymers containing hydroxyl groups to produce exemplary embodiment hole transporting polymers under mild conditions without catalysts. Meldrum's acid is also known as 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxane4,6-dione cyclic isopropylidene malonate. The only side products of this reaction are carbon dioxide, water and acetone, hence no further purification is needed after the polymerization. For example, di(4-methylphenyl)phenylamine attached with Meldrum's acid can react with the remaining hydroxyl groups in poly(vinyl butyral) (PVB) to produce PVB with tritolylamine groups. The photoreceptor devices with this hole transport polymer exhibited excellent electrical properties.
The expression "polyvinyl butyral", as employed herein, is defined as a copolymer of terpolymer obtained from the hydrolysis of polyvinyl acetate to form polyvinyl alcohol or a copolymer of polyvinyl alcohol with residual vinyl acetate groups, the resulting polyvinyl alcohol polymer being reacted with butyraldehyde under acidic conditions to form polyvinyl butyral polymers with various amounts of acetate, alcohol and butyraldehyde ketal groups. These polyvinyl butyral polymers are commercially available from, for example, Solutia Inc. under the trade designations BMS, BLS, BLI, B79, B99, and the like. These polymers differ in the amount of acetate, hydroxyl, and butyraldehyde ketal groups contained therein. Generally, the weight average molecular weights of polyvinyl butyral film forming polymers vary from about 36000 to about 98000. Particularly, the weight average molecular weight of the polyvinyl butyral utilized in the exemplary embodiment process is from about 40,000 to about 250,000. This polymer is described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,418,107.
In one exemplary embodiment synthesis, a more deletion resistant tritolylamine (TTA) is incorporated into the hydroxylated polymer PVB (polyvinyl butyral) to form hole transport polymer. The synthesis involves first forming a compound of Meldrum acid attached to a hole transport moiety (through aldehyde) and then reacting this compound with hydroxyl groups in the polymer, such as PVB. The synthesis has several advantages over known approaches of preparing hole transport polymers, such as but not limited to no non-volatile byproducts, and no catalyst purification. Used as an overcoat on a photoreceptor device, the PVB-TTA hole transport polymer exhibits improved resistance against solvent induced cracking and lateral charge migration (LCM) deletion, and has good stability over the course of 10,000 cycles.
Other layers such as conventional ground strips comprising, for example, conductive particles disposed in a film forming binder may be applied to one edge of the photoreceptor in contact with the zirconium and/or titanium layer, blocking layer, adhesive layer or charge generating layer.
Optionally, an overcoat layer may also be utilized to improve resistance to abrasion. In some cases a back coating may be applied to the side opposite the photoreceptor to provide flatness and/or abrasion resistance. These overcoating and backcoating layers may comprise organic polymers or inorganic polymers that are electrically insulating or slightly semi-conductive.
In still other embodiments, a hole transport polymer in accordance with the present disclosure may be used as an overcoat layer. With reference to
The charge transport layer 70 may include any suitable charge transport material. Any suitable charge transport layer may be utilized. The active charge transport layer may comprise any suitable transparent organic polymer of non-polymeric material capable of supporting the injection of photo-generated holes and electrons from the charge generating layer and allowing the transport of these holes or electrons through the organic layer to selectively discharge the surface charge. The charge transport layer in conjunction with the generation layer is a material which is an insulator to the extent that an electrostatic charge placed on the transport layer is not conducted in the absence of illumination Thus, the active charge transport layer is a substantially non-photoconductive material which supports the injection of photogenerated holes from the generation layer.
The charge transport layer forming mixture generally comprises an aromatic amine compound. Typical aromatic amine compounds include triphenyl amines, bis and poly triarylamines, bis arylamine ethers, bis alkylarylamines and the like.
Any suitable inactive resin binder soluble in methylene chloride or other suitable solvent may be employed in the exemplary embodiment. Typical inactive resin binders soluble in methylene chloride include polycarbonate resin, polyvinylcarbazole, polyester, polyarylate, polyacrylate, polyether, polysulfone, and the like. Molecular weights can vary from about 20,000 to about 1,500,000.
The hole transport polymers as described herein having a modified triarylamines attached to a polymer may be applied as a layer of a photoreceptor by any suitable technique as described herein with reference to the other layers of a photoreceptor.
A hole transport polymer in accordance with the present disclosure and photoreceptors comprising the same are further described with reference to the following examples. The examples are presented merely for the purpose of further describing the present exemplary embodiments and not for the purpose of limiting the same.
A series of trials were conducted to further assess the benefits and characteristics of the exemplary embodiments described herein. In a first exemplary embodiment synthesis, a methylphenyl amino benzaldehyde is reacted with Meldrum's acid to produce a grafted Meldrum-TTA. The Meldrum-TTA is reacted with PVB, to yield a PVB-TTA material. In the following synthesis, all materials were used as received. The synthesis route is illustrated below:
4-[N,N-di-(4-methylphenyl)amino]benzaldehyde [DMAB]: N,N-di(4-methylphenyl)phenylamine 54.6 grams was dissolved in 1,2-dichloroethane 120 ml and dimethylformamide [DMF] 29.2 grams at 5� C. With stirring, phosphorus oxychloride 36.7 g was added dropwise into the solution. After the addition, the solution was stirred at 5� C. for 30 minutes, then transferred to 70� C. oil bath and stirred for 15 hours under argon gas flow. 1,2-dichloroethane was then vaporized off under reduced pressure. After ambient cooling to 24� C., the solution was poured into 500 grams of ice. The precipitate was collected by filtration, washed by 3�200 ml of water, dried at 50� C. in a vacuum oven. The slight green product, 57 grams was obtained, with yield 94.7%.
2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxane-5-(4-(N,N-di-(4-methylphenyl)amino)benzyl)-4,6-dione [Meldrum-TTA]: The above product DMAB 32.0 grams and Meldrum's acid 17.3 grams were dissolved in methylene chloride 150 ml at 5� C. 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxane-4,6-dione (Meldrum's acid) was purchased from Aldrich Chemicals. Dry pyridine 20.4 ml was added into the solution slowly with magnetic stirring. After the addition, the solution was kept at 5� C. for 2 hours, and then stirred at room temperature for 15 hours. This solution was cooled again to 5� C., and 40 grams of acetic acid was added into the solution gradually. Then, sodium borohydride 11.4 grams was added into the stirred solution portion by portion to keep the solution temperature under 25� C. The solution was stirred at room temperature for 15 hours, then 200 grams of ice and 100 ml of methylene chloride were added. The organic layer was collected by separation funnel, washed by 3�200 ml of water, and then dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate 30 grams. After filtration, the solution was condensed to about 80 ml, and 300 ml of methanol was added. The solution was kept in a refrigerator overnight. The slightly yellowish crystals were collected by filtration, and dried in a vacuum oven. The product 34 grams was obtained with yield 74.5%. The chemical structure was confirmed by NMR and MS.
Poly(vinyl butyral) grafted by Meldrum-TTA [PVB-TTA]: Poly(vinyl butyral) Pioloform� BN-18 (from Wacker Specialties) 2.89 grams and Meldrum-TTA 4.29 grams were dissolved in tetrahydrofuran 80 gams. The solution was heated in a 80� C. oil bath for 15 hours under argon gas flow. After the reaction, the solution was poured into 300 ml of water with stirring. The pale yellowish precipitate was collected. Because the side products were water, CO2 and acetone, the precipitated product was very clean, no further purification was necessary. This product was dried at 70� C. for 18 hours. NMR and FT-IR confirmed the grafting reaction was quantitative.
In another exemplary embodiment synthesis, another hole transport polymer, a hydroxyethyl methacrylate Meldrum-TTA, can be formed. In this strategy, Meldrum-TTA, obtained as previously described, is reacted with a hydroxyethyl methacrylate.
Synthesis of Poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate-g-Meldrum-TTA):
In a 100-ml flask, Meldrum-TTA 2.15 grams and 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate 0.65 gram were dissolved in 30 ml of toluene. Under argon gas flowing, 0.0065 gram of free radical initiator benzoyl peroxide was added. The solution was heated to reflex of toluene for 6 hours. Then, toluene was evaporated off, and the remained colorless solid was washed by 100 ml of methanol, and was dried under vacuum. The final product was a kind of white powder about 1.8 grams. GPC measured Mw about 47800 and Mn about 33000.
An exemplary embodiment coating solution was prepared as follows. 1.0 gram of PVB-TTA polymer was dissolved in 9.0 grams of tetrahydrofuran. A clear solution was obtained after 1.5 hour, and this solution was ready for coating as overcoat.
The above PVB-TTA solution was coated by #1 Bird bar applicator on a standard photoreceptor device which was prepared by the same method described in U.S. Pat. No.6,875,548, and dried at 110� C. for 30 minutes. The thickness of the overcoat was about 3 microns. This new photoreceptor device was designated as device No. 1.
The new photoreceptor device, device No. 1, and a standard photoreceptor device were tested for-electrical properties according to the method described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,875,548. The results are summarized in Table 1.
PIDC Electrical Properties
First Cycling
No. 1
After 10k cycling
No. 1
In Table 1, V0 is the dark voltage after scorotron charging; S is the initial slope of the PIDC, which is a measurement of sensitivity; Vc is the surface potential at which PIDC slope is S/2; Vr is the residual voltage; V(E=6.0) is the average voltage after exposure to 6.0 erg/cm2; Vdepl is the difference between applied voltage and V0; Vdd is 0.2 s duration dark decay voltage; Vcyc-up is the residual change after 10000 cycling test
From the above data, it is evident that the electrical performance of this new photoreceptor device with the noted polymer overcoat is very good. The initial tests for solvent induced cracking and deletion showed the new device was much better than a standard photoreceptor not having the noted polymer overcoat. This is because the new PVB-TTA polymer is amorphous, and the grafted TTA imparts better anti-oxidation properties. This new hole transport polymer PVB-TTA can be easily made and purified.
While particular embodiments have been described, alternatives, modifications, variations, improvements, and substantial equivalents that are or may be presently unforeseen may arise to applicants or others skilled in the art. Accordingly, the appended claims as filed and as they may be amended are intended to embrace all such alternatives, modifications variations, improvements, and substantial equivalents.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Oct 23, 1979
|Nov 3, 1981
|Diamond Shamrock Corporation
|Method of making sheet or shaped cation exchange membrane
|Dec 4, 1980
|Jul 6, 1982
|Xerox Corporation
|Quarternary ammonium sulfate or sulfonate charge control agents for electrophotographic developers compatible with viton fuser
|Aug 30, 1984
|Dec 24, 1985
|Xerox Corporation
|Toner compositions with ammonium sulfate charge enhancing additives
|May 24, 1985
|May 6, 1986
|Xerox Corporation
|Photoconductive imaging members with perylene pigment compositions
|Feb 23, 1990
|May 28, 1991
|Eastman Kodak Company
|Electrophotographic recording elements containing photoconductive perylene pigments
|Aug 13, 1993
|May 23, 1995
|Xerox Corporation
|Process for fabricating an electrophotographic imaging members
|Feb 19, 2003
|Apr 5, 2005
|Xerox Corporation
|Photoconductive imaging members
|Jul 23, 2004
|Mar 31, 2005
|Toshiyuki Kabata
|Image forming apparatus and process cartridge therefor
|U.S. Classification
|430/58.7, 430/60
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Jun 3, 2005
Owner name: XEROX CORPORATION, CONNECTICUT
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:TONG, YUHUA;YANUS, JOHN F.;REEL/FRAME:016665/0885;SIGNING DATES FROM 20050601 TO 20050602
|Apr 12, 2012
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7 Beauty Trends for Summer 2013
Beauty trends for summer call for a radiant skin with a dash of colours.
While we must swear by 'less is more', it cannot stop us from roving
our radars to tap the coolest trends that will rule the beauty box
office this season. Here are the hottest beauty trends for summer 2013.
By Vriti Malik for Bollywoodshaadis.com
Recommended Read:
Get fair naturally without spending fortune.
Make up tips for wheatish and dark skin.
Expert Tips to Get Fair and Glowing Skin.
- SA won by 6 wkts.vs. SAIND2nd T20IMon, Oct 05, 2015Cuttack, IndiaSouth Africa in India T20 ...
- PAK won by 7 wkts.vs. PAKZIM3rd ODIMon, Oct 05, 2015Harare, ZimbabwePakistan in Zimbabwe ODI S...
- ZIM won by 5 runsvs. PAKZIM2nd ODISat, Oct 03, 2015Harare, ZimbabwePakistan in Zimbabwe ODI S...
- No live matches are in progress.
- Upcoming matchvs. SAIND3rd T20IThu, Oct 08, 2015Kolkata, IndiaSouth Africa in India T20 ...
- vs. IREZIM1st ODIFri, Oct 09, 2015Fri, Oct 09, 2015Harare, ZimbabweIreland in Zimbabwe ODI Se...
- vs. IREZIM2nd ODISun, Oct 11, 2015Sun, Oct 11, 2015Harare, ZimbabweIreland in Zimbabwe ODI Se...
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text: LeBron James Made Some REALLY Famous Friends at the ESPYs By Antenna Staff July 16, 2015 | Antenna Mag The ESPY Awards brought out the biggest names in sports. And LeBron James has the pictures to prove it. Read More|Comment Category: Sports Tags: ESPY Awards, National Sports Send to a friend! Share on Facebook Share on Twitter Pin it! Reddit This! Share on Tumblr!


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Southie stab victim ID'd as homeless N.J. native - 0 Comments
A man found stabbed to death in a South Boston park identified by police yesterday is a homeless man originally from New Jersey, a relative said.
Dwight Price, 51, of Boston was discovered by a jogger about 6:39 a.m. in Moakley Park on Columbia Road on Friday, police said. His niece, reached at her home in New Jersey yesterday, said Price was also from New Jersey. She said she was not sure why he was in Boston. She said he had no children.
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Near the start of this diverting romantic fantasy set in 1753, the third Guardians novel from bestseller Putney (after 2005's Stolen Magic), Nikolai Gregorio, a handsome pirate captain operating in the Mediterranean, kidnaps pretty red-haired Jean Macrae, a member of the Scottish branch of the Guardians (humans with magical powers derived from nature), in revenge for a wrong he thinks her father did him 20 years earlier. A decent sort who possesses limited magical powers, Nikolai is dedicated to fighting the evil of slavery by freeing galley slaves. He even sets up an island refuge for them. After Adia Adams, a freed slave, travels back in time from 1787 London, the pirate and the fiery Scotswoman find themselves on a dangerous magical mission to strengthen the fledgling abolitionist movement. The mix of magic, time travel, history, adventure, romance and social consciousness will delight series fans, but may strike some readers as an incongruous blend. (July)
Copyright © Reed Business Information, a division of Reed Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
When Nikolai Grigori is a homeless urchin in Malta, the visiting Macrae of Dunrath recognizes his magical powers and offers to foster him. But on the voyage to England they are attacked by pirates, and Macrae does nothing to stop them from taking Nikolai as a slave. Years later Nikolai exacts revenge by kidnapping the late Macrae's daughter. Jean, a Guardian, saves the day, first when their ship is attacked by pirates, and later when she adds her magic to Nikolai's to survive a horrifying storm. Adia, a woman from the future who survived the Middle Passage and went to England at the end of the American Revolution, turns up on Nikolai's private island, Santola, with the message that Jean and Nikolai must travel to the future to ensure the success of the abolition movement. As they travel through time, they use both African and Guardian magic and discover the synergistic effect of intimacy on their paranormal powers. Not the page-turning escapist fare readers usually expect from Putney, this tale features admirable characters and a fascinating approach to slavery and the abolition movement. Tixier Herald, DianaSee all Editorial Reviews
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I hate giving a bad review to a really good author but this book was such a let down. I was looking for a romance wrapped up with magic, something fun, what I got was scant... Read morePublished 5 months ago by mkg
This is the weakest of all of the Guardian books (and that's saying something given that the first one featured a woman whose magical power was being irresistible to men) -- it's... Read morePublished 11 months ago by Janice Gelb
Do you believe in magic? Unicorns? Spells? Read the Guardians Series by this author. A different perspective of our world and people who may inhabit it even today! Read morePublished 16 months ago by Mary Fischer
What a wonderful twist 'The Guardian Series' took! I loved the time travel and felt it more ed smoothly. Love the coming together of the races and the passion of the mission. Read morePublished 18 months ago by Lucy Larue
This book even though it was fiction brought forth further illumination to one of the greatest sins of mankind, slavery.Published on September 23, 2013 by B Carter
If you like books with magic, this was okay. I usually like her other books. But it was done well.Published on June 17, 2013 by N. Flynn
Is a fictitious tale based on historical facts that took place when the British Parliament considered/argued for and against the abolishment of the African slave trade between the... Read morePublished on March 5, 2013 by Darnell A. Morehand-Olufade
I anjoy any book with romance and magic/immortals and this Series has both! I am impressed with Putney's writing style and would recommend to anyone who enjoyes magic and romance.Published on January 14, 2013 by Arlene
This is a special story. Captain Nikolai is so handsome and a wonderful character. I love Putney's writing style and her stories. The Guardian series is one of my favorites. Read morePublished on January 2, 2012 by Elaine Witkowski


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Holiday Folk Fair International
November 20, 2015 - November 22, 2015West Allis
America's Premier Cultural Festival -Explore the customs and traditions of the world's diverse cultures as you sample regional cuisine, enjoy lively music and dance and purchase beautifully handcrafted goods. Experience the sights sounds and tastes of the world right here in Wisconsin!
Event Date Detail
Nov 20, 2015 - Nov 22, 2015
Fair/Festival Type
- Ethnic
- Holiday


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Carry all photo equipment in waterproof bags!
You will be happy you packed extra ziplock bags if you go to Valdez. They will keep your cameras, extra batteries, film, notes, etc, dry when you catch the big one!
Equipment: Ziplock bags, vaccuum sealed bags, or any waterproof bags can also be purchased at the Eagle Claw store if you forget to bring them to town with you!.
- Beaches
- Family Travel
- Fishing
Charter a boat!
You will increase your chances of catching big fish or many fish if you actually go out far on a charter boat. Best chance to catch Halibut. You can also find Salmon, Linkcod or such. If you're really lucky, you can catch something extremely rare and scary looking like a WOLF EEL. I caught one and found out that in sport fishing, the local Valdez boat captains only see maybe 2 or 3 a year! Check out the photo. I made the Valdez newspaper, "The Valdez Star" for my catch! This eel was actually taller than me. If it were a female and she had eggs, they would have been worth $4000-$5000!
Equipment: Be sure to bring good sturdy shoes as the boat may go through rough waters. Also, dress in layers as it can be rainy and cold, or hot as it was last time I went on a charter in August 2004...it was 85 degrees F!
- Fishing
- Cruise
- Family Travel
Halibut/Salmon Charters Valdez 907-835-5050
Great Halibut fishing with Swifty's B&B Guide Service. Senior Capt Brandon took us out over memorial weekend for Halibut and we limited out as fast as we could pull them in the boat. Wonderful experience. The scenery on the way out is exceptional and the sea life is amazing. While on the water a large group of atleast 50 killer whales passed within a half mile of our boat. Great service, very personalized, small chart (only six people max) which is a very important characteristic. Reasonable prices depending on the type of fishing. They fish halibut, Salmon Sharks and are the biggest Salmon outfit in town. Happy Fishing!
Equipment: They provide all the gear/bait you need.
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Company Overview of Interactive Advertising Bureau, Inc.
Company Overview
Interactive Advertising Bureau, Inc. provides interactive advertising services in the United States. It evaluates and recommends standards and practices, and fields critical research on interactive advertising. The company also provides various industry resources, such as industry statistics, research, and case studies. In addition, it offers information based events to educate marketers, agencies, media companies, advertisers, publishers, and solution providers. The company was founded in 1996 and is headquartered in New York, New York with a public policy office in Washington, D.C.
116 East 27th Street
7th Floor
New York, NY 10016
United States
Founded in 1996
Key Executives for Interactive Advertising Bureau, Inc.
Interactive Advertising Bureau, Inc. Key Developments
Merkle announced that Angelina Eng will join the Interactive Advertising Bureau (IAB)'s Certification Commission. The IAB Certification program, managed by the Certification Commission, establishes and measures the baseline digital industry knowledge required for digital advertising professionals. Eng is Vice President of Platform Solutions and Activation for Merkle, responsible for defining, building, and managing the digital media platforms for the agency's solutions group. As an active member of the IAB, Eng is also a part of the Ad Ops & Technology committee, Data Council committee and Programmatic committee. At Merkle, her responsibilities include the development of internal systems and workflow, establishment of deliverable standards, creation of ad trafficking and tracking guidelines, implementation of emerging platforms, as well as media optimization best practices.
The Interactive Advertising Bureau (IAB) announced that Michael Theodore has been promoted to Senior Vice President, IAB, and General Manager, IAB Education Foundation. Most recently Vice President, Learning and Development at IAB, in this new leadership role Theodore will remain responsible for the operations of the foundation. He will also continue to supervise the expansion of IAB certification programs, and facilitate professional development curricula and training materials. Michael has been the guiding force behind the success of the IAB certification programs. Rently, his role expanded to take on management of the IAB Education Foundation, building an organization that will focus on improving diversity and the reducing the talent gap in its industry through education and certification.
The Interactive Advertising Bureau (IAB) announced that David J. Moore, President of WPP Digital and Chairman of Xaxis, has been selected as Chairman of the Board for the IAB Technology Laboratory. He has served on the IAB Board of Directors for 15 years, including a stint as Chairman, from 2009 to 2011. Currently, he is a member of the IAB Board of Directors and Executive Committee, Ex-Officio. In tandem with Moore taking the lead role on the IAB Tech Labs board, Scott Cunningham has been promoted to Senior Vice President, Technology and Ad Operations, and General Manager of the IAB Tech Lab, to helm the organizations efforts. Alongside Moore, Cunningham will be responsible for guiding the IAB Tech Labs inaugural agenda and 2015 project commitments, including: create a comprehensive code bank to assist in simplifying and reducing the costs associated with implementation of IAB standards; collaborate with the Digital Advertising Alliance (DAA) in the creation of new AdChoices programs in digital video and mobile to strengthen consumer privacy options across the interactive landscape; advance tools and protocols in alliance with the Trustworthy Accountability Group; develop an IAB Standards Certification program to reduce friction with the interpretation of technical protocols; produce updated specifications for VAST (Digital Video Ad Serving Template), VPAID (Digital Video Player Ad Interface Definition) and MRAID (Mobile Rich Media Ad Interface Definitions) that will allow for seamless use of all three in delivering digital video advertising cross platform; existing General Members of the IAB are automatically members of the IAB Tech Lab.
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Select Local Merchants
Senza Aesthetic MedicineRead MoreThe surgeons at Redlands' Senza Aesthetic Medicine are more than welcome to help you customize a cosmetic surgery. The secret to great skin is a facial! Treat yourself to a skin-enhancing one from this clinic. Cleanse, exfoliate and moisturize your skin with a variety of skin care treatments, such as chemical peel, facial peels, IPL, microdermabrasion, and spider vein removal. This clinic's injections restore volume and fullness to the skin, making you look more youthful and relaxed. The staff at Senza Aesthetic Medicine understands that hair removal can be discomforting and that's why they offer a range of quick, pain-free services. This clinic is waiting for your call to set up an appointment. No walk-ins accepted. This establishment will happily accept your major credit card as a form of payment. The parking lot near Senza Aesthetic Medicine will have you in and out in a jiffy. From minor procedures to big changes, the surgeons at Senza Aesthetic Medicine are ready to accommodate anything you're looking to make happen.226 Nordina StreetRedlands, CA US
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By Max Marcilla – Knickswag Contributor
In a game where the Knicks held a lead nearly every minute, they let the lead slip in the fourth. However, with the game on the line, the Knicks came through in the clutch, as surprising leaders led the team to their third consecutive win and third straight season in the playoffs.
First off, in Carmelo Anthony's second game back from a knee injury he showed why he was talked about as an early MVP candidate. Despite an early struggle from the field, starting off 3/10, Melo took over in the second half, scoring 22 points in the second half, as he made 11 of his last 21 shots. Anthony even showed improvements defensively. Alan Anderson had one of those games that even when his shots were contested they still went in.
Kenyon Martin was the surprising MVP of tonight's game. In his best game as a Knick, Kenyon dropped 19 points on 9/10 shooting and a season high 11 rebounds. Not only did Martin dominate the weak Raptors big men on the glass and in the paint, but he also led the Knicks defense with 2 steals and a block.
One of the positive signs for the Knicks tonight was the contribution from everyone on defense. Everyone except Copeland, Novak and Shumpert had at least 1 block or steal, even Shumpert tipped a pass out of bounds. The Raptors were held to 45.6% from the field and in the second quarter the Knicks held Toronto to a limited 15 points.
A final positive I learned about the team is that their veteran point guard squad can produce very well in large quantities of minutes. Raymond Felton led the Knicks squad for most of the game, as he totaled 42 minutes. He was dynamic both passing the ball and shooting. Near the end of the game, when Toronto had just cut the lead down to 3, Felton dished two passes to Martin, in which he made the baskets and then Felton stepped up and hit a three to extend the lead to a then fourth quarter high 10 points.
Jason Kidd was also an impact off the bench at the point. He played in 31 minutes, which is a lot for him. However, he never showed signs of slowing down. One day before his monumental 40th birthday, Kidd shot 2/4 from beyond the arc, totaled 3 assists and most impressively grabbed 5 rebounds.
Looking forward, the Knicks and Raptors have just under 24 hours to prepare for the second half of the back to back at the Garden. With the win giving the confidence to the Knicks, I look for them to get off to another quick start and even the season series out at 2 games apiece.


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The Legend of Bagger Vance
Will Smith Actor , Matt Damon Actor , Charlize Theron Actor , Bruce McGill Actor , Joel Gretsch Actor
MPAA Rating:
Contains:Sexual Situations
Choose a format:
Format Details
Cast & Production Credits
The Legend of Bagger Vance
Theatrical Release Date: 2000 11 03 (USA)
Studio: DreamWorks
MPAA Rating: PG13 Contains:[Sexual Situations]
Summary: Robert Redford directed this adaptation of a novel by Steven Pressfield that uses golf as a metaphor for one man's spiritual and philosophical journeys. Rannulph Junuh (Matt Damon) was a gifted amateur golfer from Savannah, GA, until traumatic experiences during World War I shattered his confidence and sent him into a spiral of alcoholism. In 1931, Adele Invergordon (Charlize Theron), a beautiful heiress who once loved Junuh, inherits a spectacular but financially ailing golf course after the suicide of her father. To attract customers, she proposed a high-stakes match between the two most famous golfers of the day, Bobby Jones (Joel Gretsch) and Walter Hagen (Bruce McGill). Local businessmen sponsoring the match insist that a local golfer be added to the card, and Junuh is drafted for the position, but it soon becomes obvious that his game is just a shadow of its former glory. When things seem hopeless, a mysterious gentleman named Bagger Vance (Will Smith) volunteers to serve as Junuh's caddy and coach, using a mixture of ancient wisdom and past-life knowledge to help Junah "remember" the swing he's lost. Jack Lemmon narrates the story, and J. Michael Moncrief plays Lemmon's character as a boy. ~ Mark Deming, Rovi
Category: Drama
"Robert Redford: Insight Into The Legend of Bagger Vance'"
Production featurette
Theatrical teaser trailer
Theatrical trailer
Production notes
Cast and filmmaker biographies
The Legend of Bagger Vance
Format: DVD
Release Date: 04/03/2001
Aspect Ratio: 1.85:1 Theatre Wide-Screen
Audio: DD5.1 Dolby Digital 5.1, DDS Dolby Digital Surround
Runtime: 127 Minutes
Sides: 1
Number of Discs: 1
Language(s) English
Subtitles: English
Region: USA & territories, Canada
Side #1 --
0. Scene Index
1. A Town Hero (Main Title) [7:24]
2. After the War [4:39]
3. The Greatest Exhibition Match [8:51]
4. I Lost My Swing [11:00]
5. Bagger Vance, The Name [5:43]
6. God Bless Savannah [4:42]
7. Storm's A Brewing [6:13]
8. One True Authentic Swing [3:46]
9. Promising Open Drive [4:16]
10. Beach [5:01]
11. An Answer for Everything [6:01]
12. Just You and the Ball [5:02]
13. The Field [6:47]
14. Pure Determination [4:07]
15. Hole In One [4:36]
16. A New Match [5:00]
17. The Drop [9:49]
18. Penelty Stroke [6:13]
19. Hardy Becomes A Caddy [8:52]
20. My Place In the Field (End Credits) [8:13]
Cast and Crew:
Jake Eberts
Jeremy Leven Screenwriter
Michael Nozik Producer
Rachel Portman Composer (Music Score)
Robert Redford Director
Robert Redford Producer
Karen Tenkhoff Executive Producer
Will Smith Actor
Matt Damon Actor
Charlize Theron Actor
Bruce McGill Actor
Joel Gretsch Actor
Lane Smith Actor
Harve Presnell Actor
J. Michael Moncrief Actor
Peter Gerety Actor
Michael O'Neill Actor
Thomas Jay Ryan Actor
Jack Lemmon Actor
Country: USA


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Ayurveda in Dubai
We learn more about the alternative Indian medicine Discuss this article
- Picture 1 of 2
The UAE may be home to some of the swankiest hospitals around, and Abu Dhabi recently upped the ante with the new luxury Burjeel Hospital, with suites designed to offer five-star hotel-style surroundings (including VIP and presidential suites). But pay a visit to an alternative treatment centre and you'll likely find a busy waiting room, suggesting there's still room for the likes of traditional Chinese medicines and ayurveda in the UAE today.
Dubai Herbal and Treatment Centre in Oud Metha is one such centre, and in the past few months it has brought on board a new ayurvedic doctor, 40-year-old Indian Asha Jones, renewing its focus on those therapies and increasing the number of different treatments it offers.
Sanskrit for 'the knowledge of long life', ayurveda is an Indian medical practice believed to be more than 5,000 years old, and is based around the idea that the body is made up of three elements – tissues (dhatus), waste products (malas) and doshas (best translated as 'energy forces'). It's the three doshas (tridoshas) that all treatments are focused upon, as it's believed they assist with the creation of tissues and removal of waste, and influence all movements and sensory functions in the body and mind.
Individually, they are known as the Vata dosha, responsible for all movements; Pitta dosha, associated with fire and heat, and responsible for the metabolism; and the Kapha dosha, the heaviest of the three, which provides the structures and lubrication for the body (joints, and so on). Ayurvedic therapies are all geared towards making sure an individual's tridoshas are in balance to ensure a healthy body and mind.
During my own consultation with Asha, she asks a few questions that address my stress levels, sleeping patterns, how easily I get angry and the condition of my skin and hair. She decides I have a Pitta and Vata imbalance and recommends abhyanga (a deep-tissue massage) using generous handfuls of thick herbal oils, and sirodhara (pictured right), where oils are drizzled over the forehead and hair. Both are designed to relieve stress and help alleviate anxiety and insomnia.
The treatments themselves are divine – the massage leaves me more relaxed than I've felt in months, and my apprehension about having oil dripped over my head in the manner of water torture is mercifully ill-founded: the treatment reveals itself to be incredibly soothing.
Back in the consultation room, Asha hands me a list of lifestyle and diet advice she has prepared based on my imbalances. My bullet points include suggestions such as going to bed before 10pm and getting up before sunrise (yikes!), listening to calming music, avoiding dwelling on anger, paying attention to myself in order to give up 'argumentative attitudes' – I get the impression she has me down as a psychopath. I'm cheered, however, by the diet advice on the following page, which includes the unusual suggestion that I should 'avoid eating in a ruffled atmosphere or mood, unpleasant or disorderly surroundings'. Though dismayed by advice to avoid flavoursome foods, particularly garlic, onion and chilli (which, for me, rules out cooking almost entirely), I'm told to start eating more sweet food – something Asha goes so far as to emphasise during our chat. She quickly has my full attention.
Determined to give it my best shot, I shrug off my qualms about giving up spicy food, try my best to understand what might qualify as a 'ruffled atmosphere', and vow to dive head first into a sugar blow-out. By noon the next day, I've already consumed a bar of chocolate, a small ice cream and a piece of cake. Taking Asha's advice, my mind should apparently be soothed in no time – yet somehow I don't think my body is going to thank me if I keep it up.
Consultations with Asha Jones cost Dhs250; ayurvedic treatments start at Dhs150 for a 30-minute foot massage. Dubai Herbal and Treatment Centre, Oud Metha, www.dubaihtc.com (04 335 1200).
Time Out Dubai,
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Firebirds Wood Fired GrillRead MoreOne of the best-rated restaurants in Chadds Ford, Firebirds Wood Fired Grill has a trendy atmosphere with a fresh menu that features steak. It's a local favorite for customers looking for terrific food. There's not really a recommended attire, so feel free to dress comfortably. It's been tabbed as a nice option for both families with children and large groups. WiFi's available if you're trying to get some work done, and if you need food provided for a local event, take advantage of its catering options. Or, if you just want to stop by for a beverage, the restaurant has a good selection at its bar. A highly-regarded spot for dinner in Concord, a trip to Firebirds Wood Fired Grill is definitely worthwhile. Don't worry about trying to find a spot on the street, as visitors to the restaurant do have access to a private parking lot nearby.91 Wilmington West Chester PikeChadds Ford, PA US
Firebirds Wood Fired GrillRead MoreOne of the best-rated steakhouses in Newark, Firebirds Wood Fired Grill delivers a trendy atmosphere with a deeply flavorful menu that features burgers. It's an ideal choice for customers interested in delicious food. There's no particular required attire, so feel free to dress comfortably. If you're searching for the perfect spot for a family gathering (or a birthday meal), it's rated as a nice local option for big groups and families with children. WiFi is offered for anyone who'd like to get connected. If you just want to stop by for a beverage, the restaurant has a pretty broad selection at its bar. A good option for dinner, you shouldn't walk away from Firebirds Wood Fired Grill disappointed. Don't worry about trying to find a spot on the street, as visitors to the restaurant do have access to a private parking lot nearby.1225 Churchmans RdNewark, DE US
The ReefRead MoreFresh fare can be found at The Reef, where patrons seek to sample every seafood dish on the menu. Taste comes first on the menu here, so low-fat chow is a world away. Unwind with a glass of wine or cocktail with your meal — The Reef has a wonderful selection of drinks to accompany your dinner. Tots are more than welcome to dine with their parents at The Reef. Get online gratis thanks to The Reef's complimentary wifi. At The Reef, you won't have to wait for your large or small group to be seated. Diners who appreciate a no-frills environment come to The Reef in jeans and a hoodie. Or, take your grub to go. The Reef prides itself in its delicious catering. The Reef's diners can make use of nearby parking lots. Prices are a bit on the higher side, so this might be a good pick for a special night out.18 Carpenter PlzWilmington, DE US
Vallé CucinaRead MoreIn Vallé Cucina's kitchen, chefs form fresh jumbo lump crabmeat into thick patties, pan-sear them to a golden-brown hue, and drizzle their crispy crusts with beurre blanc. The eatery's crab cakes have been hailed by Delaware Today as the city's best for several years running. Vallé Cucina's classic Italian entrees are held to the same high standard: chefs hand-roll gnocchi and drizzle them with slow-simmered tomato sauce, and accent dry-aged steaks with elegant flourishes such as peppercorn brandy cream sauce and blue cheese. Servers recommend selections from Vallé Cucina's vast wine list to enhance steaks or Trevi Fountain reproductions.4752 Limestone RdWilmington, DE US
Union City GrilleRead MoreMatt Crist, the new executive chef of Union City Grille, crafts lunches and signature dinners of handmade pastas, rich short-rib chili, and steaks seasoned with a house rub. An updated list of hand-selected wines and over 70 craft beers augment dishes that include hand-turned ricotta gnocchi and gourmet burgers. Guests can enjoy fare in the comfortable dining area, or in the eatery's cozy banquet room, accented with a modern fireplace. Sunday "choose your cut" fillet specials allow guests to feast on steaks discounted by the ounce, or pretend they are directing a film starring steaks.805 N Union St.Wilmington, DE US
SizzlerRead MoreSizzler is a casual restaurant located on Kirkwood Hwy in Wilmington. With amazing steak and tasty seafood, this restaurant will leave you with a smile on your face. It's a culinary destination for guests looking for excellent food. If you just feel like stopping by for a drink, the restaurant has helpful bar staff (and a good selection behind the bar). One of the tastier franchises in the area, this Sizzler definitely stands out from the competition.4602 Kirkwood HwyWilmington, DE US


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Have questions about the NCAA Tournament and your brackets? Jon Wilner will provide all the answers during a live chat immediately following Selection Sunday.
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TV Tonight: 'Blindspot' unveils new clue about Jane
Plus, Gordon and Bullock are reunited on 'Gotham.'
( Evan Agostini )
Tom Cruise's daughter marries -- without dad there
Could the reason have to do with her marrying a non-Scientologist?


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A multimedia animation and experimental music collaboration. Read more
Funding Unsuccessful
This project's funding goal was not reached on October 17, 2011.
A multimedia animation and experimental music collaboration.
Center for the Arts Eagle Rock
Project by
Center for the Arts Eagle Rock
First created | 0 backed
About this project
Miwa Matreyek is an internationally recognized animator and multi-media filmmaker.
Steven Ellison is an international laptop artist, known as Flying Lotus.
Together, these multi-disciplinary Los Angeles artists will collaborate for the first time this year to find inspiration and direct sampling of northeast Los Angeles' imagery and sounds to create The Mapping of Countries Yet to Come, a piece that celebrates the present communities surrounding Center for the Arts, Eagle Rock. Their work will debut at Center for the Arts, Eagle Rock in June, 2012.
The culminating performances of The Mapping of Countries Yet to Come will combine both artists' talents to create a piece which highlights the importance of our local, historic community and provides an interactive experience for audiences. Miwa Matreyek will create an interactive animated projected film with which she will choreograph her movements to match the animation. Steven Ellison will work with Miwa Matreyek to create an original score to accompany the film.
An interactive reading room will be created for the exhibition. The reading room will include a video documenting the process which the performance was realized, literary documentation of the performance artists which inspired the artists' choices, and a collection of music exploring the history of electronic music and improvisation.
Dreaming of Lucid Living, one of Miwa Matreyek's previous projects.
Support this new film/music collaboration between Miwa Matreyek and Steven Ellison (Flying Lotus) set to premiere at CFAER in June 2012. Donations received between now and November 30, 2011 will be doubled through a matching grant from the Los Angeles County Arts Commission.
Your on-going support will ensure that Center for the Arts, Eagle Rock can produce more innovative programming like this in our community. Matching acknowledgement letters will be sent by LA County Arts Commission.
Flying Lotus performs at Coachella, 2009.
Have a question? If the info above doesn't help, you can ask the project creator directly.
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Pledge $10 or more
About $10 USD
7 backers
-Thanked in project programLess
-Mapping of Countries Yet to Come Button
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About $25 USD
4 backers
-Thanked on CFAER websiteLess
-Complimentary Artist Level Membership to CFAER
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About $50 USD
0 backers
-Thanked in CFAER newsletterLess
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About $100 USD
2 backers
Your name on the Thank You Wall during the exhibitionLess
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About $250 USD
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VIP passes to one of the fundraising performancesLess
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About $500 USD
0 backers
-Signed Flying Lotus cdLess
-Signed print/still from Miwa Matreyek's animation
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Pledge $1,000 or more
About $1,000 USD
0 backers
-Article about donor in CFAER NewsletterLess
-Use of the Center for a weeknight 4 hours event (based on availability)
-A pair of tickets to a CFAER performance of your choice (based on availability)
Funding period
- (60 days)


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by Greg Holden
7.5" x 9.25" x 1.0" thick, soft cover
300 pages, black & white illustrations, Appendix, Index, CDRom
Quickly turn junk into cash using the step-by-step instructions contained within INTERNET AUCTIONS FOR DUMMIES. Author Greg Holden shows you how to make savvy bids, improve selling techniques, and negotiate for the best price. ...
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November 29, 2013
Los Angeles Lakers center Pau Gasol (16), of Spain, is fouled by Detroit Pistons center Andre Drummond (0) during the second quarter of an NBA basketball game at the Palace in Auburn Hills, Mich., Friday, Nov. 29, 2013. (AP Photo/Carlos Osorio)
Stories this photo appears in:
Lakers rally in 4th to beat Pistons 106-102
Friday, November 29th, 2013 11:45 p.m.
Smith was called for an offensive foul with 2.7 seconds left and Detroit down two, and the Lakers held on for a 106-102 victory over the Pistons on Friday night. Los Angeles trailed by 10 at the start of the fourth quarter but rallied past a Detroit team that dominated the paint for almost the entire game.


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Part one in a four-part series of essays.
The Supreme Court's recent ruling in Hamdan v. Rumsfeld — that the military commissions established by President Bush to try captured al Qaeda and Taliban operatives are "illegal" — has outraged the president's supporters and elated his critics. More appropriate emotions would be, respectively, irritation and trepidation. Although Hamdan does, indeed, send the administration back to the drawing board on military commissions (irritating to be sure), it will not be the last word. That word will now belong to Congress, and this should worry the president's critics — at least those who had expected the court's decision to benefit the captured al Qaeda and Taliban fighters held at Guantanamo Bay.
Many Bush administration opponents had, in fact, hoped that the Supreme Court would use the Hamdan case to reject the whole notion of a "war" on terror and the corresponding legal framework, forcing the closure of the Guantanamo Bay detention facilities and requiring treatment of transnational Islamist terror as a criminal law-enforcement problem. They were disappointed.
Like its 2004 Hamdi v. Rumsfeld decision, the Supreme Court's Hamdan ruling affirms that the United States is engaged in a legally cognizable armed conflict to which the laws of war apply. It may hold captured al Qaeda and Taliban operatives throughout that conflict, without granting them a criminal trial, and is also entitled to try them in the military justice system — including by military commission.
To be sure, as a result of the court's ruling, the rules and procedures in military commissions must be the same as those in regular courts martial — unless the president can show that this would not be "practicable." The other option is to seek additional legislation, amending the Uniform Code of Military Justice to eliminate this uniformity requirement. In fact, the court's Hamdan ruling presents Congress with an excellent opportunity to finally settle many of the war on terror legal and policy disputes that have simmered since 2001.
This is especially the case with respect to the classification of unlawful enemy combatants, into which fall al Qaeda and its various allied groups, including the Taliban. The Bush administration correctly invoked this traditional classification shortly after the September 11 attacks.
To date, however, the legal basis of this decision has been longstanding U.S. practice (actually dating to the war for independence), customary international law, various treaties (including the 1949 Geneva Conventions) and a series of Supreme Court cases mostly from the World War II era. There is no federal statute that defines comprehensively unlawful combatants or their legal rights and liabilities. Congress can now enact such provisions, and, in the process, make clear to the world why these individuals cannot and should not be treated as honorable prisoners of war.
In the past, of course, this would have been unnecessary, and this explains why Congress never before formally dealt with this issue. Before the 1970s, the category of unlawful enemy combatant was widely understood and accepted as a critical part of the laws of war. Such individuals do not fight on behalf of sovereign states, have no regular and transparent command structure, do not wear uniforms, do not carry their arms openly and do not obey the laws of war. As a result, they present a particularly dangerous threat to civil society in general and the civilian population in particular.
To deter this type of illegitimate, asymmetric warfare, unlawful combatants have historically been denied the rights of prisoners of war and could be severely punished after the most abbreviated of proceedings. By the mid-20th century, custom entitled them to certain minimum due process protections — notice of the charges, an opportunity to make a defense (not necessarily to a lawyer) and to a hearing, but little else.
In the 1970s, however, "progressive" activists (including the International Committee of the Red Cross) attempted to achieve a new lawful or "privileged" status for unlawful combatants. Motivations varied from open sympathy with the national liberation guerrilla forces who would most benefit from a change in the laws to a quixotic hope that — having obtained a fundamental benefit from the laws of war — unlawful combatants would themselves begin to comply. Of course, this did not happen, and irregular warfare has simply become ever more savage in the years since.
Fortunately for the United States, the Reagan administration definitively rejected these efforts — codified in Protocol I Additional to the 1949 Geneva Conventions. Congress can now reaffirm the legal rules applicable to unlawful combatants, defining in detail how individuals who make war without legal authority and who don't play by the rules should be treated.
In fact, a genuine policy debate about why retaining the distinctions between lawful and unlawful combatants is much needed. Most discourse on this issue since September 11 has been sterilely legalistic — trying to show why the Bush administration has, or has not, violated the law. It's time to talk about principle — and that should worry the president's opponents.


text: Clever, pretty, and rich, at twenty-one, Emma Woodhouse is content with her place in life: sole companion to her doting father, mistress of Heartfield, and member of Highbury's foremost family. She has no wish to wed. But the marriage of her beloved governess, Miss Taylor, to a neighbor, Mr. Weston, convinces Emma she has a true talent for matchmaking. When she persuades pretty little Harriet Smith to spurn an eligible young farmer in favor of a more advantageous match with the vicar, Emma exposes herself to a mortifying surprise. Matters soon become complicated by the arrival of Frank Churchill, Mr. Weston's handsome son by a former marriage, and the mysterious Jane Fairfax, niece to the irrepressible Miss Bates. Secrets suddenly abound, and only Mr. Knightley, the bachelor owner of Donwell Abbey, sees clearly.


text:
PARRIS ISLAND, S.C. – Pvt. Christopher Blake Lofton, son of Michelle Malone of Houston and Don Lofton of Mantee, recently completed U.S. Marine Corps basic training at Marine Corps Recruit Depot at Parris Island. His training consisted of marksmanship with an M16A4 rifle and rifle firing qualification, close order drill, martial arts, bivouacs, weapons training, […]
Tag Archives | Parris Island
Locals graduate Basic Training
By Floyd Ingram | 4:05 AM | June 19, 2013 | Living, News
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Save Ferris in Obama style color scheme from the parade scene
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