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0800 280 2440
Chambolle Musigny Grand Cru
Chambolle-Musigny boasts 24.24 hectares of Grands Crus across two vineyards. The wines are graceful and charming. They are not the deepest-coloured of Burgundies, nor the most structured, but they deliver a sensuous fruit and a laciness of texture which are entirely satisfying. Le Musigny represents the finest of all Grands Crus excepting perhaps some of the monopolies of Vosne-Romanée.
Learn more about Chambolle Musigny Grand Cru
Chambolle-Musigny boasts 24.24 hectares of Grands Crus in two vineyards. The wines are graceful and charming. They are not the deepest-coloured of Burgundies, nor the most structured, but they deliver a sensuous fruit and a laciness of texture which are entirely satisfying.
Le Musigny (10.85 hectares)
In 1110 the monks of Cîteaux received land in Musigny, but unlike certain other vineyards the cru was not taken over by a single owner nor enclosed with walls, but remained in multiple ownership throughout the ancien régime.
Le Musigny is one of Burgundy's outstanding crown jewels, on a par with Chambertin. In fact, if forced to state a preference, I would place Musigny ahead of Chambertin – the finest of all Grands Crus excepting perhaps some of the monopolies of Vosne-Romanée.
Marketing departments have turned the phrase 'iron fist in a velvet glove' into a cliché, but there is an element of this in Le Musigny, as in Ch. Margaux. The sumptuous nature of the fruit provides the velvet, the exceptional density of it, the fist.
The vineyard is made up of three lieux-dits: Les Musigny (5.9 hectares) – often referred to as Les Grands Musigny; Les Petits Musigny (4.19 hectares) and La Combe d'Orveau (0.77 hectares), the latter only added in 1929, and topped up in 1989 when a final 0.15 hectares was included, just to tidy up. Domaine Comte Georges de Vogüé owns all of Les Petits Musigny and the lion's share of Les Grands Musigny, wherein all the other producers have their holdings – excepting Jacques Prieur, who has the whole of La Combe d'Orveau sector. Together the Musigny vines overlook Clos de Vougeot and Chambolle-Musigny Les Amoureuses. The unpaved road above the vineyard has been repaired recently and makes an excellent vantage point.
A number of producers have holdings here: Comte Georges de Vogüé (7.12 hectares), Mugnier (13 hectares), Jacques Prieur (0.77 hectares), Joseph Drouhin (0.67 hectares), Domaine Leroy (0.27 hectares), Domaine de la Vougeraie (0.21 hectares), Louis Jadot (0.17 hectares), Drouhin-Laroze (0.12 hectares), Roumier (0.1 hectares), Confuron (0.08 hectares), Faiveley (0.03 hectares). In addition to this, André Porcheret managed to purchase a tiny piece of land on the lower side of the Route des Grands Crus.
Bonnes Mares (15.06 hectares)
Of the total, 13.54 hectares lie in Chambolle and 1.52 in Morey St Denis. There used to be a little more on the Morey side, but since it was within the walls of Clos de Tart, and belonged to the same owner, Mommessin, it became part of Clos de Tart in 1965.
Has the name evolved from bonnes mères, the good mothers (nuns) of Notre Dame de Tart, or is it derived from marer, to cultivate? Neither, according to Jacques Lardière of Louis Jadot, who attributes the name to an ancient word for fairies.
It is a hard vineyard to get a handle on, with a multiplicity of producers and a complex terroir. For a start, it does not taste entirely like a wine from Chambolle-Musigny; probably it has a touch more kinship with Morey St Denis for there is definitely a wilder streak to Bonnes Mares. It is more of a compôte than the pure fruit of Amoureuses or Musigny.
The principal producers are: Comte Georges de Vogüé (2.70 hectares – the biggest holding), Drouhin-Laroze, Roumier, Fougeray de Beauclair, Jadot, Bart, Groffier, Vougeraie, Dujac Naigeon, Bruno Clair, Peirazeau, Mugnier, Bertheau, Newman, Georges Lignier, Hervé Roumier, Domaine d'Auvenay, Bouchard Père et fils, Drouhin, Arlaud, Charlopin-Parizot
Olivier finds that whole bunch fermentation particularly suits this wine. It displays a rich powerful purple, indeed a noble, imperial colour. This wine has the most glossy fruit, bigger, deeper and darker than any of the preceding Grands Crus. The palate offers tightly-packed black and blue fruit – very ripe cherry, blackberry and bramble, yet still with a refreshing mineral crunch.
Jasper Morris, MW - Wine Buyer
Bottle £350.00
Case price (6) £1,490.76
Case saving £609.24
Bottle 6 x 75cl
Bottle £760.00
Case price (6) £3,614.76
Case saving £945.24
Bottle 6 x 75cl
Magnum £1,250.00
Magnum 1 x 150cl
Magnum £1,765.00
Magnum 1 x 150cl
Bottle 6 x 75cl
An explosive nose and dark fruit layered over a velvety texture. Though it is tightly knit, the exuberant fruit keeps trying to burst out. Made with 80% whole bunch and 80% new barrel this year, this is a dense glowing purple with a super succulent nose; very Chambolle. Hugely seductive with astonishing length and intensity. Bravo.
Jasper Morris MW, Burgundy Wine Director
This superb domaine grows in reputation and also in size: this year sees the first vintage of Nuits-St Georges, Clos de Thorey. Look out for even further additions in the next two years. Winemaker Pierre Vincent's style is for lighter colours and very sensual wines and he has done a cracking job again in 2012; a vintage which supported the plentiful use of whole bunch fermentation. The domaine is certified organic and fully biodynamic.
Bottle 6 x 75cl
Bottle 6 x 75cl
Just three barrels as usual. Most bunches have been left with their stems while 20% have been painstakingly destemmed by hand. This is not just sensuous but majestic in scale, the fruit sliding across the palate in wave after wave, ever more powerful. Yet the finish is beautifully poised and with astonishing length. All singing, all dancing Musigny.
Jasper Morris MW, Burgundy Director
Two recent trends which have been continued here by winemaker Pierre Vincent are a slight reduction in the amount of new oak, which now mostly comes from the local forest of Cîteaux, and a slight increase in the use of stems during vinification. The latter is subtly judged though, as there is very rarely any outright feel of the stems in the bouquet or on the palate. 2010 is a tiny crop here, averaging out at 24 hl/ha across the cellar but the wines are magically concentrated.
Bottle 6 x 75cl
Bottle 6 x 75cl
Magnum 3 x 150cl


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Jay Gruden said RG3 is the Redskins' starter next week against New York if Colt McCoy's injury prevents him from playing. He also talked about Kirk Cousins' future.
Sadly for Redskins fans it looks like another toxic December in Ashburn.
Robert Griffin III said he was not surprised that Jay Gruden stuck with a struggling Colt McCoy until McCoy suffered a neck injury late in Sunday's 24-0 loss to the Rams.
In 2012, the Redskins pulled off a monster trade with the Rams to acquire the second overall pick in the NFL draft, allowing the team to select Robert Griffin III. To get RG3 at No.
As it turns out, Colt McCoy may not be the answer, either.

subset: commoncrawl


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Officials release names of victims and suspects in fatal Baraboo bar stabbing
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Fantastic Four: Rise of the Silver Surfer
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UAE: Biggest climber in visa index
Click here for the top 10 rankings in the regionOctober 8, 2015 6:09
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MIDEAST STOCKS-UAE markets narrowly mixed in thin, early trade
Ultraconservative investing methods were supposed to make Islamic finance immune to the financial crisis. So what happened, asks Trends magazine.
February 3, 2010 3:55 by Sarah Abdullah
Just how immune are we?
Islamic finance conjures up an image of safe methods of investing, saving, and purchasing without having to worry about interest or excessive leverage.
But it's becoming clear that Islamic finance's conservatism did not fully shield it from the ills of the economic crisis. "The word immune is inappropriate here," the president of Jeddah-based Islamic Development Bank, Ahmed Muhammed Ali, says.
"True, Islamic finance is safe from the kinds of risks that conventional finance is exposed to because it insists on tying financial transactions with the real economy all of the time." But the finger of blame is being pointed at excessive risk-taking by some Islamic financial institutions in the Middle East real estate market and internationally based mutual fund portfolios, which caused an evident effect when the region's property market took a fall. The property market bubble in the United Arab Emirates burst, and prices in Saudi Arabia and neighboring GCC countries became inflated.
Those rallying in support of Islamic finance argue that Islamic institutions were not at all impacted due to their lack of exposure to speculative products. However, the effects that everyone felt – whether investing in Shari'ah-compliant or conventional products – was unquestionably because of the liquidity crisis.
Even though Islamic finance retains a good reputation because of the apparent failures of conventional finance and its interest-bearing methods, not everyone says that Islamic finance is perfect.
Commercial banks as well as central banks were forced to pump billions into their economies to offset the impact of liquidity contraction and eroding asset values – throwing into relief a major shortcoming of Islamic finance: The absence of liquidity management.
According to a study by the Arab Monetary Fund, the region's governments are being called on to continue to pursue expansionary monetary policies to ensure liquidity in the markets.
A great telephonic leapfrog… backwards
February 3 2010
Emirati spends $6.45 million on three camels
February 3 2010


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Beautiful Anthem/Phoenix I-17 Corridor 2/2 Loft
From $139 / night
Description from the owner
Description from the owner
Bedrooms: 2/
Bathrooms: 2/
Sleeps: 4/
Type: Apt. / Condo
Beautiful 2/2 newly updated and fully furnished loft located just northwest of Phoenix on the I-17 corridor in a lovely gated community in Anthem, AZ. Convenient to everything ( golf, shopping, restaurants, Sky Harbor Airport, Phoenix) the Greater Phoenix Metro has to offer and Super easy to access Flagstaff, Sedona, Prescott and the Grand Canyon. The best of both worlds.
Relocating corporate travelers and traveling medical professionals , and incoming snowbirds will appreciate this great alternative to extended stay hotels. This loft is an end view unit that has no one above or below so it is super quiet. It is only a few steps from both pool/spa ...Read more
About the owner
About the owner
Chuck C.
Chuck C.
- Response rate: 85%
- Response time: A few hours
- Calendar updated: 7 days ago
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Additional Location Information
This condo/loft home is conveniently located off of the I-17 freeway at Anthem Way and is approximately 25 miles north of Central Phoenix in the beautiful community of Anthem, AZ. It is super convenient to access all the Northern and North Central, AZ attractions including Prescott, Flagstaff, Sedona and the Grand Canyon.
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Rural retreats, Warm winter getaways
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Nearest airport: Phoenix Sky Harbor PHX, 30 miles
Car is recommended
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Maximize calories burned and multiply your results while improving your cardiovascular fitness. Gaiam's Cardio Pilates DVD is an invigorating fusion of classic Pilates movements and fat-burning cardio exercises. This Pilates DVD delivers a satisfying workout with the strengthening, body-shaping effects that have made Pilates one of today's most popular fitness techniques. With certified Pilates instructor Ana Caban. 42 minutes.


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Hi! I'm a freelance photographer out of Boston, Massachusetts. I shoot travel, sports, and fashion photos and I'm always trying to add to my travel portfolio. I love to travel and take photos, skate, bike, snowboard. Always trying to find the best kept secrets and meet local people when traveling to new places. I love swimming and hiking and whatever else helps me get to the next adventure.
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FiveThirtyEight is an American political blog, written by Nate Silver and currently hosted by the New York Times, that analyzes polling data.
Originally, the site was launched anonymously in 2008 after Silver had been posting statistical poll analysis as an anonymous diarist at the liberal blog Daily Kos, beginning in late 2007. Silver revealed his identity in May 2008.
FiveThirtyEight grew quickly during the 2008 election runup, and Silver was acclaimed for remarkably accurate predictions of the 2008 presidential election results.
In August 2010, the New York Times' began hosting Silver's blog in an effort to "help New York Times readers cut through the clutter of this data-rich world." It was rebranded as "FiveThirtyEight: Nate Silver's Political Calculus". The hosting was part of a three-year deal in which the Times licensed FiveThirtyEight's content while also providing editorial guidance. Silver also contributes to the print edition of the Times as well as to the New York Times Magazine.
He has written with mixed feelings on the new Times paywall.
Silver, a baseball statistician, uses advanced statistical techniques and historical data to analyze poll data, including an election projection algorithm based on a baseball projection system he created.
Silver has said he started the site to fill in the gaps in data analysis and understanding among political journalists. During the 2008 election, his co-writer, Sean Quinn, supplemented Silver's analysis with reporting on local campaign efforts. Currently a number of other statisticians, academics and other professionals contribute occasionally to the blog, which often reaches beyond politics into issues of public importance.
Mashable is a blog that covers social media news and analysis. The blog was founded in 2005 by Pete Cashmore, who was 19 at the time. Cashmore said in 2008 that Mashable had been profitable since its inception without the need for venture funding. Mashable first took on outside funding when it raised $13.3 million…


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Billiards of SpringfieldMarch 10, 2014Billiards • Springfield, United States
Great service and the food is good too.
Great service and the food is good too.
Check out the excellent wine selection they have. It changes with the seasons.
It is a great place to buy quality used cars
Wonderful little park to bring my grandkids to play.And it has a lot of nice play ground equipment and some nice grills and tables for eatin


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Product Information:
The Bodum Caffettiera French press coffee maker incorporates classic style and delicious aromatic coffee. It's the pure and simple way of making coffee which is why coffee tasters use this method to determine the quality of coffee beans. You will extract the most essential oils of freshly ground coffee, leaving least sediment in your cup. Simply add ground coffee, pour well tempered water, stir, wait 3-4 minutes and by gently depressing the plunger you stop the brewing - a healing during hectic days. Drinking handmade coffee no longer belongs in the past but is a luxury of the future: the Bodum designed an entertaining coffee press with a frame entirely made of chrome plated steel. The plastic handle and lid are protecting the user from heat. The Bodum all know plastic water bottles are an environmental problem, but have you thought about all those metal or plastic capsules left by other coffee machines? With the Bodum French press it's just glass, water and coffee brewing doesn't get any purer.
Product Details
Carafe Included
Weights & Dimensions
12 oz. Size
34 oz. Size
|Product Type: French presses
|Material: Metal; Plastic; Glass
|Number of Items Included: 1
|Adjustable Temperature: No
|Brewing Capacity (12 oz. Size): 1.5 Cups
|Brewing Capacity (34 oz. Size): 4.4 Cups
|Filter Included: Yes
|Water Window: Yes
|Water Filter: No
|Scale: No
|K-Cup Compatible: No
|Grinder Included: No
|Programmable: No
|High Altitude: Yes
Carafe Included: Yes
|Cups or Mugs Included: No
|Scoop Included: No
|Commercial Use: No
|Country of Manufacture: Portugal
About the ManufacturerJørgen Bodum's core belief is that good design should be available to everyone. It was also the core belief of his father, Peter, who founded Bodum in Denmark in 1944. Products include coffee makers and teapots, mugs and glasses, kitchen and tableware, and spare parts.
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exact item sayda from miami gardens, FL on 01/03/2015 – Verified Buyer
ths item is wonderful .is the envy of my friends .looks wonderful inmy new kitchen cause is modern and beautiful and sleek , , excellent for made a good morning s coffee the size is perfect, and preserve perfectly the coffees smeell.excellent. is 100% superior that others coffee maker that i have
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It makes my day! Makiko from Elkridge, MD on 09/11/2014 – Verified Buyer
Unfortunately I'm the only one who drinks coffee in my house. I already own Bodum Brazil French Press 12 oz for my personal use but it's not big enough when I have a company. It's also hard to detach the beaker from the base. I was looking for something I can easily separate and clean while making enough coffee for my friends. this 34-oz Caffettiera is perfect fit for my needs.
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Cute! beth from norwich, ny on 11/19/2014 – Verified Buyer
This french press is the cutest little thing ever! It works great! Perfect for one cup of coffee and a great decoration piece!
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great product i love the coffee bryan from London Mills, IL on 02/03/2015 – Verified Buyer
love it love it, great french press coffee, looks good on my counter
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french press Teresa from round rock, TX on 01/31/2015 – Verified Buyer
much better than the last one I had. nice size and better tasting coffee
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|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Nov 29, 2007
|Filing date
|Mar 9, 2007
|Priority date
|May 26, 2006
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Dov Furman, Shai Silberstein
|Original Assignee
|Dov Furman, Shai Silberstein
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Referenced by (6), Classifications (20), Legal Events (5)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/808,816, filed May 26, 2006, and hereby incorporates by reference that provisional patent application in its entirety.
In the field of optical inspection of objects such as semiconductor wafers, reticles, flat-panel displays, and other devices, the particular illumination source that is used can greatly affect the inspection results.
For example, illumination may be characterized as narrowband illumination or broadband illumination in the wavelength domain. Illumination may be further characterized as long-pulsed (i.e. long pulse in the time domain) or short-pulsed (i.e. short pulse in the time domain). Together, the characteristics are shown in
Some inspection systems use lamps, some systems use continuous lasers, and some systems use short-pulsed lasers. Inspection systems that utilize lamps may select narrowband or broadband illumination. However, lamps generally must be continuously illuminated or long-pulsed in the time domain. Although lamps may provide options with regard to the type of illumination, when high power illumination is required, short-pulsed lasers may be preferred. For instance, short pulsed lasers may be especially relevant for 2-D imaging. Furthermore, short-pulsed lasers may be advantageous in that the short illumination time reduces errors caused by pixel smear. However, presently-existing inspection systems that utilize short-pulsed lasers may suffer from certain disadvantages.
While lamps, as noted above, may be used for broadband inspection, presently-existing systems that utilize pulsed lasers provide for a relatively narrow bandwidth of illumination. This may lead to problems in the inspection. One such problem is "color variation." For instance, differences in the thickness of layers in a semiconductor wafer may lead to differences in the colors and/or intensity of layers. In monochromatic imaging, the differences may appear as different intensities, while in polychromatic imaging, the differences may appear as different colors. In any event, any such intensity/color differences can trigger false alarms even if the changes in thickness in the wafer are within tolerated ranges. Another problem with narrowband laser illumination is speckle caused by interference between coherent illuminating photons. Various schemes have been proposed for reducing speckle through additional optical components. However, the use of such components may deteriorate the illumination quality and/or its intensity and result in a degraded image.
Accordingly, a need remains for an inspection system that can provide improved inspection results.
Objects and advantages of the present invention will be apparent to one of skill in the art upon careful review of this disclosure, and include providing improved methods and systems of inspecting objects such as semiconductor wafers using short-pulsed broadband illumination.
Exemplary embodiments of the presently-disclosed technology inspect objects using broadband illumination provided by a short-pulsed laser. For example, a short-pulsed laser may be combined with any suitable non-linear material or device to broaden the laser's illumination spectrum. For example, light from the laser may be directed into a material having a so-called "supercontinuum effect," such as a single photonic crystal fiber or a bundle of photonic crystal fibers. Additional components in the inspection system may be selected and configured to provide optimal inspection conditions. For example, one or more filters may be used to tune the illumination from the laser and/or to filter light prior to detection.
A wafer inspection system can comprise an imager operative to image at least one object, such as a wafer, while the wafer is illuminated. The inspection system can further include an illumination source that is configured to illuminate the wafer with a pulse of illumination no longer than about 1 microsecond in temporal length and having a continuous spectral range of at least 20 nm. For example, the wafer may be in motion along a travel path whereby the wafer and the imager are moving relative to one another. For instance, the wafer may be moving on a stage that is included as part of a transporter. Alternatively or additionally, the system may be configured such that the imager or at least some components thereof are movable so that different portions of the wafer can be imaged. However, any discussion herein of the particular type of movement of the wafer and/or other system components is not meant to be limiting.
For example, the illumination source may comprise a pulsed laser that is broadened to a spectral range falling within about 180 to about 450 nm. The illumination source may comprise a laser and a non-linear optical component having a spectral broadening effect. For instance, the non-linear optical component may comprise one or more photonic crystal fibers. In some embodiments, the component comprises a bundle of photonic crystal fibers, and some of the fibers have different optical lengths from one another. In other embodiments, regular/normal fused silica fibers can be used, with the non-linearity coefficients of fused silica used for the broadening effect.
The inspection system may include one or more filters configured to pass one or more specified ranges of wavelengths, with the filter(s) placed in one or more of the optical paths in the inspection system. By placing, removing, and/or adjusting the filter(s), wavelength bands may be selected based on factors such as the optical characteristics of the wafer.
For instance, the filter(s) may be placed in the imaging path between the wafer and at least one of the detectors in the imager. As another example, in some embodiments, filter(s) may be placed in the illumination path between the source and the wafer. Regardless of placement, some or all of the filter(s) may be variable filters whereby the optical characteristics of the filter(s) can be tuned by the inspection system, for instance, to select different wavelength bands to be passed/blocked by the filter(s) during the inspection process. Additionally or alternatively, wavelength bands may be selected by placing one or more filters with fixed characteristics in the optical path and/or removing them from the optical path.
In some embodiments, the inspection system may include one or more optical elements positioned to form an image of the wafer and having a Fourier plane. One or more filter masks may be placed at a Fourier plane, with the mask(s) configured to block light corresponding to repetitive features of the wafer, where the light falls in a continuous wavelength band.
In some embodiments, one or more of the masks include a plurality of blocking areas, with some of the blocking areas blocking light in different wavelength sub-bands within the continuous wavelength band than other blocking areas. In other embodiments, each of a plurality of masks may include blocking areas for repetitive features in different wavelength sub-bands.
In some embodiments, the system may include one or more optical elements configured to focus at least one wavelength sub-band at a different point from another wavelength sub-band. For example, the system may include elements whereby light of a first wavelength sub-band is focused on the surface of the wafer while light of a second wavelength sub-band is focused beneath the surface of the wafer.
A method of inspecting a wafer using an optical inspection system can include emitting a pulse of light, such as from a laser, with the pulse no longer than about one microsecond in time. The emitted pulse can be directed into a nonlinear optical element to obtain broadband illumination having a continuous spectral range of at least 20 nm. The broadband illumination may then be directed towards a wafer (or other object) under inspection. Then, at least one image of at least a portion of the wafer can be captured using an imager that includes at least one detector. The nonlinear optical component may comprise a bundle of photonic crystal fibers, which may have different optical lengths from one another or a single fiber. Alternatively, the fibers may be normal fused silica fibers. Directing the broadband illumination can include focusing the illuminating beam so that at least one wavelength band is focused at a different location than anther wavelength band in the beam.
The method can include tuning the spectrum of the inspection system to a desired spectrum which may, for example, be selected based on the optical characteristics of the wafer and/or the particular inspection being undertaken. For example, the method may comprise determining a plurality of spectra for use in inspecting at least two different regions of a wafer. The system may then be tuned to a first spectrum for a first region, a second spectrum for a second region, and so on. The spectra may be chosen based at least in part on data including the degree of color variation in the regions of the wafer.
The spectrum may be tuned in any suitable way. For instance, the spectrum may be tuned by filtering light at any suitable point or points. For example, a filter may be placed in the optical path between the nonlinear optical element and the wafer, between the wafer and the detector(s), or in both places. Filters may be placed and removed to adjust the spectrum. In other embodiments, the spectrum may be adjusted by tuning the characteristics of a variable filter that is in the optical path.
In some embodiments, the inspection process may include eliminating the effects of repetitive features in the wafer in order that defects might more clearly stand out. A method of eliminating repetitive features can include illuminating a wafer having one or more repetitive features with broadband illumination. One or more images of the wafer can be formed using at least one optical element having a Fourier plane. One or more filter masks can be placed at the Fourier plane, with the mask(s) configured to block light containing information related to the repetitive features at a plurality of wavelength sub-bands within the broadband illumination.
For example, at least one of the masks can include blocking areas that block light different wavelength sub-bands than other blocking areas. For instance, a single mask may include multiple layers, with each layer containing blocking elements corresponding to a different sub-band. In other embodiments, multiple filter masks may be used for multiple sub-bands. The image of the wafer may be split into a plurality of images corresponding to different sub-bands, with the light comprising each split image having its own optical path. Filter masks for each sub-band split image may be placed in the corresponding optical path.
A full and enabling disclosure including the best mode of practicing the appended claims and directed to one of ordinary skill in the art is set forth more particularly in the remainder of the specification. The specification makes reference to the appended figures, in which:
Use of like reference numerals in different features is intended to illustrate like or analogous components.
Reference will now be made in detail to various and alternative exemplary embodiments and to the accompanying drawings, with like numerals representing substantially identical structural elements. Each example is provided by way of explanation, and not as a limitation. In fact, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications and variations can be made without departing from the scope or spirit of the disclosure and claims. For instance, features illustrated or described as part of one embodiment may be used on another embodiment to yield a still further embodiment. Thus, it is intended that the present disclosure includes modifications and variations as come within the scope of the appended claims and their equivalents.
Embodiments of the methods and systems for fast on-line electro-optical detection of wafer defects discussed herein generally relate to the use of short-pulsed, broadband illumination in optical inspection tools. Exemplary embodiments of inspection tools are discussed in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/345,097, filed Jan. 15, 2003. application Ser. No. 10/345,097 is incorporated by reference for all purposes herein. However, the principles and teachings discussed herein are applicable to other inspection tools, as well, and the discussion of particular components and steps is intended to be for purposes of example only.
Referring now to the drawings,
In Step 1 of the method, a patterned semiconductor wafer 12 featuring a plurality of wafer dies 14, is placed and aligned on a continuous moving XY translation stage 16. This is shown in system 10 of
In Step 2, a multi-component electro-optical camera system is provided, including (a) an illumination system 26, (b) an optical imaging system 18, (c) an automatic focusing system 28, (d) a focal plane assembly 30, and (e) respective system control/data links, in communication with central control system 20.
A broadband illumination system 26 is provided, and can include a repetitively pulsed laser 32, a laser beam expander 34, a laser beam light path 36, and control/data links 38 as shown in
In system 10, pulse rate, i.e., pulses per second, of pulsed laser 32 is synchronized with frame speed of the array of individual matrix photo-detectors of focal plane assembly 30. A laser pulse, illuminating field of view 24 of a wafer die 14 for a time duration of microseconds to nanoseconds (compared to milliseconds frame time of temporally gated camera system focal plane assembly 30 of matrix photo-detectors), results in instantaneous illumination of field of view 24 of an inspected wafer die 14. In one very short laser pulse, a relatively large number of pixels, for example, about forty eight million pixels, of focal plane assembly array 30 can be simultaneously illuminated, and there is essentially no relative movement among the pixels. The laser light pulse duration is preferably shorter than the image pixel dwell time or about the same order of magnitude to the pixel dwell time, where the pixel dwell time refers to the time a point on the wafer is imaged by a detector pixel while the wafer is moving.
Repetitively pulsed laser 32 may comprise a broadband laser illumination source, such as a laser sold under the trade name "Koheras SuperK Blue" by the Koheras company of Berkerod, Denmark, for example emitting illumination in the spectrum of 415 to 600 nm at a width of about 3 to 5 ns. However, pulses in the time domain may be of a duration up to, for example, 1 microsecond (us). The illumination spectrum can vary, and may comprise visible light and/or deep UV illumination. In some embodiments, the spectrum can range from about 180 to about 450 nm and may comprise any suitable sub-band or sub-bands thereof. The pulse rate of pulsed laser illumination system 26 of thirty pulses per second is synchronized with a frame speed of thirty frames per second, of the CCD matrix photo-detector(s) on focal plane assembly 30. However, other broadband illumination sources and wavelength ranges may be suitable for optical inspection purposes. Additionally, the frame speed/pulse rate may be synchronized to other values.
Some embodiments of the inspection systems discussed in the above-mentioned application Ser. No. 10/345,097 included a crystal having non-linear optical properties for use in reducing the wavelength of the illuminating laser beam. In some embodiments of the presently-disclosed subject matter, a non-linear optical element 40 may be used in addition to or instead of the crystal. In some such embodiments, non-linear optical element 40 may comprise a material having a supercontinuum effect to achieve spectral broadening. For example, the non-linear optical element 40 may comprise sub-elements, with one sub-element reducing the wavelength and another sub-element broadening the reduced-wavelength illumination.
Generally speaking, the supercontinuum effect is a non-linear effect that broadens a monochromatic or narrow-band illumination to a continuous broad-band illumination. Generally, the effect occurs when a high power laser beam is propagated through non-linear media. The broadening efficiency is dependent on factors including the optical path in the non-linear material. Therefore, in some embodiments, it is preferred to use fibers as the broadening media. For instance, rather than a broadband laser source, a high-powered monochromatic pulsed laser beam, such as the laser of some embodiments discussed in the '097 application, may be broadened using the non-linear optical element 40. For example, non-linear optical element 40 may comprise photonic crystal fibers either comprising bundle 21 or as additional components placed in the optical path before or after the bundle. In another example, a fused silica fiber, or a bundle of fused silica fibers, can be used to broaden the light spectrum. For instance, based on the non-linearity coefficients of the fused silica, fiber(s) may be selected and arranged to achieve a suitable broadening effect.
Illumination source 26 may further include one or more wavelength-dependent changeable filters in the optical path between the laser and the wafer. For instance, the filter(s) may be used to tune the illumination and/or imaging spectrum to a particular inspection application. As another example, tuning may be used for matching the spectra of different tools to ensure consistent performance. Tuning may be achieved by placing and removing one or more filters in the illumination path, for example by using a filter wheel and/or a set of rotatable polarizers for each wavelength band. Alternatively, tuning may be achieved using one or more adjustable filters and/or by adjusting the characteristics of the laser itself or the non-linear device(s) used to broaden the wavelength band. Additionally or alternatively, wavelength-dependent filter(s) may be placed in the optical path between the wafer and the imager. The specifics of tuning will be discussed in detail below.
In sub-step (b) of Step 2, an optical imaging system 18 is provided. For instance, the imaging system can include a focusing lens 42, a beam splifter 44, an objective lens 46, and control/data links 49. This system is suitable for ultra fast high resolution synchronous imaging of high magnification, for example, 50� of wide field of view 24 of one or more wafer die(s) 14. In sub-step (c) of Step 2, an automatic focusing system 28, including sensor and control devices (not shown) is provided, which, via optical imaging system 18, automatically maintains wafer 12, and therefore, wafer die(s) 14, in focus. An automatic focusing system, such as system 28, automatically adjusts and sets the position of objective lens 46 of optical imaging system 18 for optimum focus of all wafer dies 14 on wafer 12. Optical imaging system 18 is in communication with the central control system 20 via control/data links 49. During operation of wafer inspection system 10, focusing lens 42 images laser light 48, where laser light 48 represents light reflected, scattered and diffracted by wafer 12, onto focal plane assembly 30. However, the particular arrangement of the auto-focusing system can vary and is not essential to the present subject matter.
In addition or in alternative to wavelength band tuning at the illumination source, different wavelength sub-bands may be selected and filtered at the imaging system 18. For instance, one or more removable filters may be inserted into the optical path(s) in the imager to tune the detected wavelength band(s). For instance, filter wheels and/or one or more adjustable filters may be utilized as discussed in further detail below.
In sub-step (d) of Step 2, a focal plane assembly 30 is provided, including one or more detector ensembles. Each detector ensemble can feature a single or multiple two-dimensional matrix photo-detectors. For example, in some embodiments assembly 30 comprises at least one two-dimensional CCD matrix photo-detector 52 (
Referring again to
In Step 3, the camera system of Step 2 is adjusted, focused, and set to a position over an inspected field of view 24 within a wafer die 14, via central control system 20 signals. Pulse rate of pulsed laser 32 in illumination system 26 is synchronized with the frame speed of CCD matrix photo-detector or ensemble of detectors 52 of focal plane assembly 30. This step is performed in order to enable movement of wafer 12, and therefore, of an inspected wafer die 14, at a speed such that an inspected field of view 24 is covered during the time interval of one frame of CCD matrix photo-detectors 52 of focal plane assembly 30. In the illustration, a field of view 24 is shown within a single die. However, fields of view may comprise multiple dies, for example, when the end of one die and the beginning of the next die lie in the same field of view.
In Step 4, instantaneous illumination of an inspected field of view 24 of an inspected wafer die 14 of Step 3 is achieved by generating a laser pulse onto inspected wafer die 14, for a time duration, for example, ten nanoseconds via a central control system 20 signal. During the short laser pulse, there is effectively no wafer motion during the wafer exposure time, since the laser pulse duration is much shorter than or around the same order of magnitude as the pixel dwell time, which is the time a point on the wafer is imaged by a detector pixel while the wafer moves. Therefore, in some embodiments, there is effectively no image smear degrading image resolution, as is typically the case in wafer inspection methods and systems featuring continuous illumination of a wafer.
In Step 5, illuminated inspected field of view 24 of Step 4 is imaged by optical imaging system 18 onto focal plane assembly 30. In Step 6, the digital image (not shown) of Step 5, featuring, for example, about 48 million pixels, of an inspected field of view 24 of a wafer die 14 is acquired. This image is acquired by using focal plane assembly 30 that can, in some embodiments, optically form a continuous surface of one or more two-dimensional CCD matrix photo-detectors 52. The image is acquired via synchronized opening of temporally gated CCD matrix photo-detector(s) 52, via a central control system 20 signal. During the frame time interval of each activated CCD matrix photo-detector 52, wafer 12, and therefore, wafer die 14, moves via XY translation stage 16 the equivalent of one field of view. This corresponds to a large pixel dwell time relative to laser pulse time interval, resulting in the wafer moving only a fraction, for example, on the order of 10−2, of a single pixel during exposure to CCD matrix photo-detectors 52 of focal plane assembly 30, thereby preventing image smear or loss of image resolution. For instance, acquired digital image data can be grabbed via a set of parallel configured image processing channels 90 by an image grabber 92, and is saved in an image memory buffer 94, part of image processing system 99 (
In Step 7, Step 3 through Step 6 are sequentially repeated for image acquisition of the next fields of view within the same inspected wafer die 14, thereby forming a strip of fields of view. The strip may comprise fields of view from a single wafer die in some embodiments, but in other embodiments may comprise fields of view from multiple wafer dies.
In Step 8, a reference image or reference images corresponding to the imaged strip is obtained and/or accessed from memory. Any suitable source(s) may be used for the reference image(s). For example, the reference image(s) may comprise a median image constructed from data from other strips that were previously imaged and contain the same structural features of the inspection image strips. In other embodiments, the reference may be an image from another strip. In still other embodiments, the reference image(s) may comprise strips stitched together from a golden master image of an ideal die. The reference image(s) may be aligned with the inspection image(s) for comparison. Any suitable comparison methodology or methodologies can be used to identify potential defects and/or confirm the existence of a defect. For example, die-to-die, cell-to-cell, and/or other comparisons may be made alone or in combination.
At step 9, digital image data of each strip in an inspected wafer die and of each corresponding reference strip are processed, by using an image processing system. In
During step 9, there is identification of the presence of one or more potential wafer defects in the inspected wafer die(s), for example, by comparing differences of pixel intensities of the image of each or any other suitable method(s). This image comparison process can be performed by software in defect detection unit 96. At step 10, each potential defect is evaluated further to determine whether or not a defect is likely at the location. For instance, the defect detection unit 96 may evaluate the area surrounding each defect candidate using one or more additional algorithms to finalize the defect determination. Confirmed wafer defect information, including location of the confirmed wafer defect, is appropriately saved in defect file 98 for possible use in feedback control of a wafer fabrication process. In Step 11, Steps 7 through 10 are repeated, sequentially, for inspection of each field of view within each strip 110 and for all strips 110 within the same wafer.
Reference is now made to
In bright field illumination in general, the illumination is incident on the sample through the same objective lens as is used for viewing the sample.
From the output termination of the fiber bundle 21, the laser beam is imaged by means of illumination transfer lenses 301, 302 onto the objective lens in use 201, which is operative to focus the illumination onto a wafer 12 being inspected. Appropriate alternative objective lenses 201′ can be swung into place on an objective revolver 200, as is known in the microscope arts. The illumination returned from the wafer is collected by the same objective lens 201, and is deflected from the illumination path by means of a beam splitter 202, towards a second beam splitter 500, from where it is reflected through the imaging lens 203, which images the light from the wafer onto the detector 206. The second beam splifter 500 is used to separate the light going to the imaging functionality from the light used in the auto-focus functionality, which is directed by means of the auto-focus imaging lens 501 to the auto-focus detector 502.
When conventional dark field illumination is required for the imaging in hand, a dark field side illumination source 231 is used to project the required illumination beam 221 onto the wafer 12. When orthogonal dark field, or obscured reflectance dark field illumination is required for the imaging in hand, an alternative dark field illumination source 230 is used to project the required illumination beam 232 via the obscured reflectance mirror 240 onto the wafer 12 orthogonally from above.
In some embodiments, a filter wheel or other filter(s) may be placed at other points in the optical path. For example, a filter wheel or other filter(s) could be positioned in the optical path between beam splifter 202 and detector 206 for purposes of filtering light prior to detection but not during illumination from laser 300. Similarly, in embodiments in which sources 230 and/or 231 comprise separate illumination sources, a filter wheel or other filter arrangements may be included in the path between the source(s) and the wafer. For example, a filter wheel could be positioned in the path between source 231 and the wafer to selectively filter dark-field illumination.
Although filter wheels 250 are shown, filters such as 251, 251′, 252, and 252′ may be placed at various locations in the optical path in any suitable fashion. For instance, filters may be positioned using other components such as conveyors, robotic arms, and the like whereby the filter(s) can be selectively moved in and out of the optical path. Additionally, some filters may be placed manually into the optical path. For instance, for purposes of tool matching, one or more filters may be inserted into the optical path near the illumination source(s). Once tools have been matched, generally speaking, there will be little to no need to spectrally adjust the filters used for matching. Therefore, those filters may comprise fixed filters. Of course, "fixed" is meant in the relative sense as compared to selectable filters; a "fixed" filter does not need to be irreversibly installed.
In this example, different filter characteristics are selected through placement and removal of filters with differing characteristics into the optical path, such as by choosing from filters 251 and 251′. However, in some embodiments, filters such as 251 and 251′ may comprise tunable filters whose characteristics can be adjusted in-place. Generally, the filters are selected (and/or filter characteristics adjusted) in order to select certain wavelength bands or sub-bands for use in the inspection process.
The nature of a laser beam, and especially its coherent nature, presents a number of problems when used as an illuminating source in applications requiring a uniform illuminating flux over the inspected area, such as is required, for instance, in a wafer inspection system, and such problems have been discussed in prior applications such as the aforementioned Ser. No. 10/345,097.
In order to overcome such problems, various coherence breaking schemes have been developed. For instance, speckle effects with CW lasers are comparatively easy to overcome, since it is possible to average the signal while varying the wave front. Several methods are described in the prior art for achieving this. When, however, the imaging process utilizes a single narrowband pulse for each acquired image, such a method becomes difficult to implement. However, the use of broadband illumination may in itself reduce speckle noise.
According to further embodiments, there are provided methods whereby the coherence effect of the laser beam may be further reduced by splitting the laser beam into many beamlets and retarding each beamlet relative to the previous one in such a way that there is no definitive phase difference between them. The laser beam is thus divided into many parts, each part having no defined phase coherence with the other parts. This requirement is insufficient, however, since it is also required that each point in the field of view (FOV) on the sample is illuminated by all parts of the laser beam. Each part of the beam is coherent or partially coherent with itself and thus may contribute to the generation of speckle, or to other interference effects that create high contrast artifacts in the image. Since each part of the beam is not coherent with the other parts of the beam, by ensuring that the FOV is illuminated by all parts of the laser beam, the total effect is averaged. The residual coherence effect depends on the number of beamlets used. Since each beamlet is independent of the others, the interference effect is reduced by the square root of the number of beamlets, assuming that all beamlets have the same intensity contribution. Consequently, the greater the number of beamlets, the lower the level of appearance of coherence artifacts in the image.
In some embodiments implementing this technique, the laser beam is introduced into a fiber optics bundle, such as the fiber bundle 21 shown schematically in
Fiber bundle 21 may comprise photonic crystal fibers which provide the spectral broadening effects. For instance, some fibers in one or more bundles, or one or more entire bundles, may comprise photonic crystal fibers. The bundles of photonic crystal fibers may be used in addition to or instead of bundles of other fibers. Fiber bundles may be arranged in sequence to one another and/or may be used in conjunction with other components to reduce any lingering problems due to the coherency of the illumination source. In some embodiments, instead of photonic crystal fibers, other fibers that broaden the light can be used.
Fourier filtering is used in some embodiments to filter out pattern information in order to better detect small defects and anomalies hidden in the image of a multiply repetitive region of a pattern covering a wafer. However, the use of broadband illumination introduces additional considerations that are addressed by the present subject matter in order to provide for an efficient and effective inspection.
The geometry on a semiconductor wafer generally includes a large-scale multiply repetitive pattern defined by the dies of the wafer. Within each die, there are often areas in which there appears an array of a repetitive pattern with a cycle of a few microns. This occurs especially in memory chips or in the memory area in a logic chip. When coherent or partial coherent illumination is incident on such a periodic array, the array serves as a diffraction grating that reflects the light only in the defined Bragg angles. The reflected light produces a diffraction pattern of spots in the back focal plane of the objective lens. This plane is also referred as the Fourier plane of the lens, since the image obtained in this plane is a two-dimensional Fourier transform of the object. The smaller the cycle in the object plane, the larger the distance between the spots in the Fourier plane. The size of these spots depends on the optical quality of the objective lens, but even more on the nature of the incident light. When the input light is a collimated beam, the spot size is very small. In U.S. Pat. No. 5,970,168 to Montesanto et al., for "Fourier Filtering Mechanism for Inspecting Wafers" there is described the use of a spring array as a Fourier plane filter, with a built-in damping mechanism to prevent interference from mechanical vibrations.
According to some embodiments of the present subject matter, an extended source, which need be only partially coherent and may be the same as used in dark field side illumination, is used to produce defined spots in the Fourier plane. According to this method, when the illuminating beam is such an extended light source, the size and shape of each of the spots in the Fourier plane becomes a miniature image of the extended source. Furthermore, in order to produce the diffraction pattern in the Fourier plane, it is not necessary that each point in the extended source be a coherent source. This extended and partially coherent form of illumination is successful in generating a Fourier plane diffraction pattern array, because each separate area of the illuminating beam is made up of an assembly of self coherent spots, but unrelated to each other. This is an outcome of the optical treatment performed on the illuminating beam by means of the imaging optics for the fiber optical output.
Generally speaking, if the structural periodic information from the image can be filtered out, the optical information anomalies resulting from defects on the wafer can be revealed in the form of non-periodic information spread over a wide range of spatial frequencies. This is performed in practice by blocking the transmission of light specifically in the area of those spots, eliminating the information relevant to the repetitive pattern from the image from the remaining optical information transmitted past the Fourier plane, thus making it easier in some cases to detect anomalies caused by departures from the desired pattern on the wafer. However, if too much of the plane is masked, then the image quality may be degraded.
Reference is now made to
However, the use of broadband illumination, as noted above, introduces additional complications. As noted above, illumination generally produces a spot or an array of spots. However, the density of the image (i.e. the distribution of spots) varies with wavelength. For instance, shorter wavelengths produce denser images. Broadband illumination comprises a continuous wavelength band. Thus, the image(s) formed by repetitive features at the Fourier plane will have some aspects that are predominately due to certain wavelength sub-bands of the illumination and other aspects that are predominately due to other wavelength sub-bands of the illumination. Some of the spots may overlap and some spots may be widely distributed from other spots. Therefore, in order to filter repetitive patterns out, the Fourier plane can be masked at multiple locations. However, as noted above, too much masking may degrade the image by blocking light not related to the repetitive aspects. Therefore, as noted below, masking each band in a different area can advantageously reduce the masked area.
Filter mask 272 may be constructed of any suitable materials, including glass, plastic, or other transparent material, with blocking areas 271 comprising material disposed in or on the mask to block light. Alternatively, filter mask 272 may comprise an array of moveable elements, a modifiable array (such as a MEMS array or LCD array) or otherwise as discussed in application Ser. No. 10/345,097. Examples of the construction of Fourier filters by printing can be found in co-pending application Ser. No. 11/410,276, filed Apr. 24, 2006, which is hereby incorporated by reference herein for all purposes.
However, in the presently-disclosed embodiments, each respective blocking area 271 is configured to block information related to repetitive patterns at a particular wavelength sub-band of the broadband illumination. For instance, for a spectrum of 200-350 nm, area 271 a may be configured to block light at the sub-band 200-250 nm, area 271 b may be configured to block light at sub-band 250-300 nm, and area 271 c may be configured to block light at sub-band 300-350 nm. In
In order to design one or more filter masks, it is useful to view the image obtained in the Fourier plane. For example, to design a mask for a particular layer, that layer may be imaged. Usually the Fourier plane is the back focal plane of the objective. However, if the back focal plane is inaccessible, as with many high power objective designs, an image of the back focal plane may also be used. Similarly, placement of Fourier filters can occur at any Fourier plane(s).
Reference is now made to
The Fourier plane 209 is located behind the objective lens 201, and may be in a position where it is not easy to locate a detector for direct imaging. Therefore, when the Fourier plane has to be viewed in order to determine the correct Fourier plane filter to construct, an additional imaging lens 282, known as the Fourier imaging lens, is inserted into the imaging path, increasing the power of the detector imaging system, such that the detector now images the Fourier plane 209. The solid lines 284 in
The illumination source can be tuned or filtered so that repetitive elements for a specific wavelength sub-band are imaged in sequence. For example, to determine the location of blocking areas 271 a from
The filter mask(s) can be placed into and removed from the optical path in any suitable manner. For instance, one or more filter wheels 250 may be provided for selectably placing filters into the optical path between the wafer and the detector(s). In some embodiments, the filters are carried by a separate filter wheel from selectable filters used in tuning the illumination spectrum. For example,
Selection and/or adjustment of elements for wavelength-dependent focusing may be part of a larger tuning and calibration process that may be implemented for inspection using broadband illumination. In contrast to monochromatic systems, inspection systems that support broadband illumination introduce additional variables into the inspection process that must be addressed. For instance, as noted above, Fourier filtering components and methods may need to address the implications of multiple wavelength sub-bands. However, the overall inspection process can benefit from tuning and calibration whereby certain wavelength sub-bands are selected for particular inspection operations. For instance, wavelength bands and sub-bands may be selected for operations including recipe tuning, in-process tuning, and tool matching.
For example, a particular wafer 12 that is being inspected may include one or more areas of different degrees of color variation. Generally, the inspection resolution is proportional to the wavelength that is used—that is, smaller wavelengths allow for finer inspection. On the other hand, color variation can be addressed through use of broadband illumination. Accordingly, as part of the inspection process, the inspection tool can be tuned, either for a particular recipe or in real-time (or near real-time) as inspections occur, in order to determine the best wavelength band(s) for use in inspection by weighing factors such as the desired resolution to acceptable amount of color variation.
For example, when preparing a recipe that includes parameters governing the inspection process for a particular wafer or batch of wafers, different areas of the wafer can be evaluated for color variation. For instance, a periphery area on a wafer die may be subject to greater color variation than, say, a memory array area. Depending on the amount of color variation, the inspection system can be tuned to use varying degrees of broadband illumination. The inspection recipe may specify that the periphery area is to be inspected using a wider band of illumination than the memory array area.
Wavelength band and sub-band selection may occur during the inspection process. For instance, the illumination spectrum may be adjusted in real time or near-real time based on evaluating the degree of color variation and/or other inspection feedback (in addition to or instead of the recipe). For example, if inspection of an area initially proceeds using broadband illumination but a high number of defects are detected, the illumination band may be adjusted to be narrower to allow for higher resolution.
The illumination bands may be selected using any suitable combination of tuning and filtering. For example, as noted above, the illumination source may comprise a broadband laser or a laser optically linked to one or more components that provide a spectral broadening effect. The laser and/or components may be tunable such that particular wavelength bands and sub-bands can be selected. Tuning of the source may also be accomplished by substituting different non-linear elements and/or substituting different lasers.
Additionally or alternatively, one or more filters can be placed after the illumination source. For example, one or more filters may be placed in the illumination path between the source and the wafer and/or in the imaging path between the wafer and the imager. The filter(s) may themselves be tunable to block and pass different wavelength bands. As an example, one or more tunable filters may comprise wavelength separating components such as a prism or grating, an attenuation or switching grid such as a MEMS-based device, and/or LCD-based devices in which each pixel in the grid affects a different portion of the wavelength spectrum. Alternatively or additionally, the filters may have fixed characteristics such that the filters are configured to block and pass specified wavelengths, with the inspection tool configured to place and remove the filters as part of the tuning process.
For instance, the filters may be placed in and removed from the path using robotic arms, conveyors, and other devices. As another example, a filter wheel or wheels may be placed such that filters can be selectably placed and removed from the optical path. Continuing with the example above, filter 251 of
Tool matching may also require tuning of the broadband illumination. For example, due to inconsistencies between the lasers and/or other optical components, the spectral broadening effects may not be the same between any two given inspection tools. Accordingly, in order to obtain consistent inspection results between tools, the illumination spectra can be adjusted so that the illumination spectrum is identical or as close as is possible between tools. The adjustment may be made at the time the tool is assembled and/or when multiple tools are to be used in conjunction with one another.
For example, if a first tool and a second tool are to be used alongside one another, the unfiltered illumination spectra for both tools may be measured. Then, the spectrum difference between the tools may be determined and the tools matched by inserting one or more filters in the illumination path. For instance, if the first tool provides a broader illumination spectrum than the second tool, then the first tool's spectrum may be reduced by a filter placed just after the first tool's illumination source. The filters may comprise fixed or changeable filters. For instance, one or more filter wheels, tunable filters, or other components may be included in the tool for selective placement in the optical path for tuning purposes. Additionally, other optical components included in the tool may be adjusted to reduce or avoid spectrum variance between tools. For example, if other optical components in one of the tools (e.g. transfer lenses, beam splitters, etc.) do not have the same characteristics across the broadband spectrum, then additional tuning filters may be included to account for such effects.
While the present subject matter has been described in detail with respect to specific embodiments thereof, it will be appreciated that those skilled in the art, upon attaining an understanding of the foregoing may readily produce alterations to, variations of, and equivalents to such embodiments. Accordingly, the scope of the present disclosure is by way of example rather than by way of limitation, and the subject disclosure does not preclude inclusion of such modifications, variations and/or additions to the present subject matter as would be readily apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art. Additionally, the discussion of and/or incorporation by reference of certain materials is not intended to act as an admission of any sort that such materials are, or are not, prior art.
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
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|Aug 17, 2010
|Hitachi High-Technologies Corporation
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|Applied Materials South East Asia Pte. Ltd.
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|U.S. Classification
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|May 14, 2007
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Pricing is aggressive, suggests TSLA wants to move serious volume
Save some big bucks during these sales
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Cisco Systems Inc.
) recently announced that it has acquired a start-up company
ThinkSmart Technologies, which develops location analysis solutions
using Wi-Fi technology. The terms of the deal were not
Cork, Ireland-based ThinkSmart is a software company that
enhances a wireless network infrastructure by providing location
analytics to service providers and enterprise customers. The
software provided by the company enables the collection of
information on movement within a venue, including the time of day,
traffic patterns and the length of time a user spends in a
particular area. This data helps to optimize business processes and
helps in better time management.
Upon the completion of the deal, ThinkSmart will be integrated
within Cisco Mobility Services Engine (MSE) and join Cisco's
Wireless Networking Group. The deal will allow the company to
expand and differentiate its offerings with regard to networking
infrastructure. The acquisition will enable Cisco to improve
customer experience, ensure cost savings and thereby generate
more revenue.
Management also stated that ThinkSmart's specialized Wi-Fi
network and its analytics capabilities can help improve customer
experience at public places such as retail locations, hotels and
Cisco Systems is a leading provider of IP-based networking and
other products. Although Cisco is taking steps to lower its cost
structure by reducing headcount, it is not ignoring growth
opportunities. The company's fourth-quarter earnings beat the Zacks
Consensus Estimate by 3 cents and revenue was up 4.4% from the
year-ago quarter.
Cisco is no doubt the networking leader, but competitors like
Juniper Networks
Hewlett Packard Company
) and
F5 Networks
) are gradually picking up market share.
Cisco carries a Zacks #2 Rank, implying a Buy rating over the
next one to three months.
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Look at the size of that thing! oh and this blog has operated for 446 days w/o a Star Wars-related post. Tiny Death Star embroidered by Danielle Clough #StarWars
Death Star, Clough Starwars
goshdarnknit! I never get tired of these paintings …
Freedom Crochet, Knits Illustrations, Knitti Stuff, Girls Sewing Knits, Goshdarnknit, Knits Paintings, Photo, Knits Knits, Paintings Of Knitter
knit paintings by goshdarnknit, via Flickr
thread-bending street art by Sr. X and Spidertag
Urban Design, Urban Art, Street Artart, Gijón Spain, Art Art Urbano, Designart Inspiration, Art En, Art Street, Streetart
'Se me va...' by Spidertag + Señor X, in Gijón (Spain).
https://www.facebook.com/UrbanStreetArtCM #streetart #art #urban #banksy #graffiti #stencil
Yoon Ji Seons Rag Face #43
Rag Faces, Photographers, Ji Seon, Milo Galleries, Photographs, Blog Posts, Yoon Ji, Fabrics, Faces 43
blog post containing all images: Sewings on fabric and photographs by Yoon Ji Seon at Yossi Milo Gallery
This command could not be completed … because Windows. Made by Kerry Campbell. #knit #knitting #crochet #embroidery #windows
Welcome Mats, Knits Crochet, Kerry Campbell, Window, Crochet Art, Complete, Artists Kerry, By Mats, Command
#Crochet, knit and embroidery computer message art by artist Kerry Campbell via Knithacker
Even in Brooklyn, the Cicada choir sings strong this time of year, especially on my street it seems! Did you know that a Cicada could cause permanent hearing loss in a human if it sang close to your ear? They're LOUD! Today's homework, learn about the Cicada... oh and admire this beautiful art by one of my favourites: Hiné Mizushima's Periodical Cicada #felt #felted #felting #art #cicada
Art Fuel, Cicada Felt, Book Covers, Periodic Cicada, Handmade, Needlefelt Cicada, Felt Art, Arts & Crafts, Art Cicada
Needlefelted cicada.
sheishine: 素数蝉。本の表紙用に作った。 Periodical Cicada, made for a book cover design. #cicada #art #craft #handmade Adorbs!
Warning: Elliot Schultz's Embroidered Zoetropes are Mesmerizing! #embroidery #art #knithacker #fiberart
Embroidered Zoetrop, Beautiful Embroidered, Art, Zoetrop Animal, Animal Embroidered, Embroidered Animal, Elliot Schultz, Gifs, Schultz Animal
A Series of Beautiful Embroidered Zoetropes Animated Using Turntables
EMBROIDERED ANIMATION CYCLE | Elliot Schultz | Animator, Australia | http://blog.elliotschultz.com/post/124099950750/itscolossal-watch-fantastic-embroidered
Embroidered Zoetrope | Arts & Gadgets #artsandgadgets #futuristic #Australian #Elliot Schultz #Embroidered #Zoetrope #vinyl records #discs #Interaction Design #GIF
Architecture For Future-Architecture.Urbanism.Interior.Art.Technology — Elliot Schultz animates embroidered zoetrope on turntables
The Raven - embroidered tribute to Game of Thrones by Katya Yatsuk. #GameofThrones #knithacker
The Raven, Embroidered Birds, Michele Carragher, Carragher Embroidery, Tribute Embroidery, Katya Yatsuk, Photo, Game Of Thrones, Ravens
The Raven | Flickr - Photo Sharing!
pardalote: The Raven by Katya Yatsuk Via Flickr: The Raven. Tribute embroidery to Game of Thrones. I can't believe I finished it finally. Thank you Michele Carragher's embroidery for inspiration!
Want to contribute to a collaborative art/science project about mind and brain health? Neural Knitworks is a collaborative project about mind and brain health based on the principle that yarn craft helps keep our brains and minds sharp, engaged and healthy. #knit #knitting #crochet #health
Yarns Crafts, Art Science Projects, Crochet, Artsy Inspiration, Community Projects, Collaborative Art Science, Collaborative Projects, Brain Health, Knits
Neural Knitworks Great community project
Steven Universe Pixel People Cross Stitch by StitchMeSideways
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Look ma, it's my hands - for reals! I love this wooly trick, Zoe and I had fun doing this tutorial - enjoy and get rubbing ...
Wooli Tricks, Crochet Art, Yarns Bombs, Crochet Patterns
Party Accessories: Low-Tech Apple Watches & Squid Brooches - Shared by hine! #felthacker
Squid Brooches, Apples Watches, Crochet Art, Low Tech Apples, Apple Watch, Parties Accessories
Read about a great yarnbombing project that's helping homeless folks in Calgary ... (by the Calgary Homeless Foundation and This is My City Art Society) Photos by Leanne Smith aka Leanne Smith #yarnbomb #causes #charity #calgary #knit #crochet
Read about a great yarnbombing project that's helping homeless folks in Calgary ... (by the Calgary Homeless Foundation and This is My City Art Society) Photos by Leanne Smith aka @heyitsmeleanne #yarnbomb #causes #charity #calgary #knit #crochet
Party Accessories: Low-Tech Apple Watches & Squid Brooches - Shared by hine! #felthacker
Squid Brooches, Apples Watches, Crochet Art, Low Tech Apples, Apple Watch, Parties Accessories
Love him or hate him, UKIP's Nigel Farage looks good both in knit and crochet! Visit KnitHacker to see both!
Hate, Crochet Art, Nigel Sculpture, Ukip Nigel, Ads 166069799, Knits
Working Mechanical Loom Made with Lego - it really works! #knithacker #lego #loom #tech #geek
Mechanical Loom, Clock, Building Instructions, Weaving Loom, Lego Loom, Aus Lego, Small Mechanical, Lego Small, Crafts
Lego projects including a loom and a clock.
A new Loom, faster and more reliable than my previous, with building instructions ! Get the building instructions : http://www.nico71.fr/small-mechanical-loo...
Lego Small Mechanical Loom By Nico71
Fantastically Functional Lego Mechanical Loom | Make: DIY Projects, How-Tos, Electronics, Crafts and Ideas for Makers
Small Mechanical Lego Loom
Ein Webstuhl aus Lego und er funktioniert angeblich auch!!
Today is "Create a Vacuum Day" and even though the science guys say a "perfect vacuum would be one with no particles in it at all," I have an alternate view on what makes the perfect vacuum: miniature knit and crochet! Seen here: Tiny Vacuum Cleaner by Mochimochi Land
Miniatures Knits, Extreme Knits, Awesome Knits, Knits Minis, Tiny Knits, Knits Things, Knits Vacuum, Gardens Crafts, Vaccum Cleaners
tiny knit vacuum.
Bizarre but awesome knitted things
Today is "Create a Vacuum Day" and even though the science guys say a "perfect vacuum would be one with no particles in it at all," I have an alternate view on what makes the perfect vacuum: miniature knit and crochet! Seen here: Vivi the Vacuum Cleaner by zuperdzigh aka Dressy TAB
Crochet Plays, Crochet Ideeen, Crochet Addiction, Crochet Toys, Crochet Awesome, Crochet Playhouse, Crochet Magic, Crochet Crafts, Crochet Hacks
Meet the felted pumpkin who won Halloween! #knithacker #felt #felted #halloween #JackOLantern
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Felted Pumpkin #Art - via @knithacker
Image result for needle felted happy pumpkin faces
Finn's Pick: Hiné Mizushima's "Cat in a Box" #felt #felted #knithacker #cat #love - follow her at @hine_art xoxo
Hines Mizushima, Art Stuff, Cats, Photos, Hiné Mizushima, Cardboard Boxes, Finn Pick, Cat Love, Mizushima Cat
Hine Mizushima "Cat in a Cardboard Box."
Cat in a Cardboard Box | Flickr - Photo Sharing! #KittyCardboard
Erin's Needle-felted @Beyonce (WIP) #beyonce #felt #felted #needlefelted #doll #wip #knithacker #beyhive #beygood
Beyonce Felt, Color, The Faces, Dolls Wip, Curly Mohair, Needle Felt Beyonce, Beyonce Wip, Needlefelt Dolls, Felt Needlefelt
Submitted by Erin who says, "The face is felted fibrefill "painted" with roving wool of various colors (even the eyelashes are roving wool); the hair is made from dyed, curly mohair; the tiny earri...
Look closely! Inside the belly of a big Teddy Bear ... #plush #teddybear #plushie #toy #handmade
Big Teddy Bear
Scrappy Annie's Red Emma Lloyd Sproson of Bilston: suffragette and first female councillor in #Wolverhampton #courage #protagonist #heroine #women #badass #hero
Heroines Women, Hands Made, Badass Heroes, Annie Red, Emma Sproson, Crochet Patterns, Scrappy Annie, Protagonist Heroines, Emma Lloyd
Link Love for Best Crochet Patterns, Ideas and News
@knithacker shares this "3×3 square made by Scrappy Annie who says, "this shows the imprisonment of the Wolverhampton Suffragette, Emma Sproson." Knitted, crocheted and knotted background with added applique of thread and painted hand made paper."
As seen on television … 11 knit & crochet projects inspired by movies and television.
This EPIC blanket is a wip by Mouse Knits' aunt! See the whole post, "12 Knit & Crochet Projects inspired by Batman" at knithacker.com #knithacker #knit #crochet #batman #superhero


text:
Tuesday, 13 October 2015
Last updated 2 hours ago
Nov 18 2005 | 8:42pm ET
It seems that when it comes to hedge fund compliance, one person's pain is another one's gain. Firms specializing in hedge fund compliance tools are aiming to cash in with a series of new products promising to ease the burden of those pesky regulatory procedures. At least four products have hit the market this week alone, including a certification service and a compliance manual.
London- and Bermuda-based Amber Partners, a specialist firm that sifts though hedge funds' corporate documents and trading records, unveiled a service on Wednesday that offers to "certify" a fund's operations following a thorough investigation. What it will not do, however, is review a managers' investments or trading risk.
Amber Partner's stamp of approval does not come cheap. The firm charges between $40,000 and $500,000 to conduct a review.
The Hedge Fund Manual also hit the shelves this week. Kluwer Financial Services, which launched the product, claims the online manual "simplifies and expedites" the process of documenting a hedge fund's policies and procedures. The firm said its application addresses the SEC regulations mandating hedge funds to have a compliance manual in place.
So, with the hundreds of products and services out there claiming to cure hedge fund headaches, perhaps it's only a matter of time before someone launches a product rating the products.
Oct 5 2015 | 8:17pm ET
Hedge fund administration has evolved from simple record keeping to an integral,...
Oct 8 2015 | 10:14pm ET
Billionaire hedge fund manager Ken Griffin and his wife have settled a long-running...
Sep 30 2015 | 1:56pm ET
In this contributed article, Bruce Frumerman of Frumerman & Nemeth Inc. explains...
Oct 7 2015 | 4:57am ET
Charity A Leg To Stand On (ALTSO) will hold its 12th Annual Hedge Fund Rocktoberfest – NYC on October 15 and its 4th Annual Rocktoberfest - Chicago on October 22. Read more…


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About 4 hours ago


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Kershaw, Scherzer easily win Cy Young AwardsThe Associated Press | November 14,2013NEW YORK Clayton Kershaw of the Los Angeles Dodgers and Max Scherzer of the Detroit Tigers have won baseballs Cy Young Awards.
Kershaw won the prize as the National Leagues best pitcher for the second time in three seasons after leading the majors with a 1.83 ERA.
The 25-year-old lefty with a big-breaking curve drew 29 of 30 first-place votes from members of the Baseball Writers Association of America in results released Wednesday. Adam Wainwright of the St. Louis Cardinals was picked first on one ballot.
Kershaw went 16-9 and topped the NL with 232 strikeouts. He won the NL Cy Young in 2011 and finished second last year.
Scherzer won the AL honor after leading the majors in wins while going 21-3. He received 28 of 30 first-place votes.MORE IN Wire SportsCHICAGO The music starts and fans clap in unison as Starlin Castro walks to the plate. Full StoryORCHARD PARK, N.Y. Yellow flags have become a red flag for Rex Ryan and the Buffalo Bills. Full StoryAfter six last-place finishes in the past seven seasons, spending a week atop the NFC East even... Full Story
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Little Tikes Junior Activity Gym (Evergreen)
Item No.1710202660
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Item No.1710202660
This junior activity gym will keep your little ones amused for hours! This cute gym can be used indoors and outdoors and features secret passageways a slide and hideaway. Hours of imaginative fun!
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As announced by Norm Champ, the Director of the Division of Investment Management of the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC"), in a speech on December 6, 2012, and followed by a no-action letter of the same date, the SEC will no longer defer consideration of exemptive applications for actively managed exchange-traded funds ("ETFs") that propose to invest in derivatives. The policy change comes more than two and a half years after the SEC first announced that it was reviewing funds' use of derivatives and that it would impose a moratorium on exemptive applications for actively managed ETFs proposing to invest in futures, options or swaps and for leveraged ETFs. The policy change does not apply to leveraged ETFs, about which Champ suggested that the staff continues to have concerns.
Background -
In a press release issued in March 2010, the SEC announced that the SEC staff was conducting a review of the use of derivatives by mutual funds, ETFs and other investment companies. The press release indicated that pending completion of this review, the SEC staff would defer consideration of exemptive applications for ETFs that would make "significant investments" in derivatives.
The position resulted in a moratorium on the processing of exemptive applications for both actively managed ETFs proposing to use futures contracts, options contracts or swap agreements in their investment strategies and leveraged ETFs. The moratorium was enforced by the staff's refusal to consider all leveraged ETF applications and applications for actively managed ETFs, unless they included an explicit representation that the ETF would not invest in futures, options or swaps.
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Leave a Review
I've made these twice,and I love them. I did reduce the viniger to 1/2 cup, but I only used 8 chops. used a mortar and pestle to grind the rosemary and marinated for about six hours. They were FANTASTIC! But I do love my own cooking. Thanks.flag if inappropriate
This summer, we hosted a bbq every Sunday evening for the same friends. This lamb chops won over everyone. I'll make them again next year.flag if inappropriate
It was good, but not sensational....but not every meal has to be sensational, so I still gave it a good review! :)flag if inappropriate
I stuck to the recipe as written and it turned out great. A big success for Easter dinner. I highly recommend this recipe.flag if inappropriate
Read no further! I've experimented with this recipe for years. Use less balsamic and add crushed garlic. All great lamb recipes call for garlic! Marinate for a few hours or up to two days. Use a real grill if possible, 3-4 min. per side. Allow to rest for 5 min, covered with foil. Serve with garlic mashed potatoes. Awesome!flag if inappropriate
This has become one of our standard grilling recipes - very easy to prepare and delicious!flag if inappropriate
Very tasty though the balsalmic does mask the flavor of the lamb somewhat.flag if inappropriate
A few changes... First, omit the balsamic vinegar. Second, use fresh rosemary. Put the next five ingredients plus 1 tsp salt (more depending on taste) in a grinder/mini processor/mortal&pestle and work until you have a paste. Rub the paste on to the chops. The chops will come out tasty whether or not you let it marinate so you can make this a last minute thing. It's a favorite in my house, very easy to throw together and guests always rave about it.flag if inappropriate
I like the taste of lamb and also enjoy balsamic vinegar, but they mated rather badly in this recipe, in my opinion. Essentially, the lamb lost its distinctive flavor, becoming something altogether too tame and mild. It's probably a good way to disguise the taste of lamb for those who don't particularly enjoy it, but considering the price of loin lamb chops, why bother?flag if inappropriate
Very good! I halfed the recipe and used 4 chops with good results. It was easy to make the flavor was nice.flag if inappropriate


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Mrs Peach
27 August 2015
There is only my husband and I. We have sandwiches everyday for work. This bread maker is just big enough for two of us. Its very simple to use. Place all ingrediants as stated in book switch on and your away. My bread I did by hand was OK but this is 100% assured you will get a lovely loaf. Ive also used the packet mixes of bread and measured out the amounts for the sized loaf I want and in two easy steps it bakes that bread well too. Ive even taken mine on holiday camping and in cottages when away. Would not be without it.


text:
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|Viewing Single Post From: John Catches Brady and Kristen
|Dec 25 2012, 11:41 PM
Well it's totally out of character for me personally seeing him having sex with one woman to the next then professing love for them when he barely even knows them.
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