text:
Page 1
1996 87: 1097-1103
M Magni, S Shammah, R Schiro, W Mellado, R Dalla-Favera and AM Gianni
aldehyde-dehydrogenase gene transfer
Induction of cyclophosphamide-resistance by
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Induction of Cyclophosphamide-Resistance by Aldehyde-
Dehydrogenase Gene Transfer
By Michele Magni, Suzy Shammah, Raffaella Schiro, Wilfred0 Mellado, Riccardo Dalla-Favera,
and A. Massimo Gianni
The identification of genes inducing resistance to anticancer
chemotherapeutic agents and their introduction into
topoietic cells represents a promising approach to overcome
bone marrow toxicity, the limiting factor for most high-dose
chemotherapy regimens. Because resistance to cyclophos-
phamide has been correlated with increased levels of expres-
sion of the aldehyde-dehydrogenase (ALDH1) gene in tumor
cell lines in vitro, we tested whether ALDHl overexpression
could directly induce cyclophosphamide resistance. We have
cloned a full-length human ALDHl cDNA and used retroviral
vectors to transduce it into human (U9371 and murine
(L1210) hematopoietic cell lines that were then tested for
resistance to maphosphamide, an active analogue of cyclo-
phosphamide. Overexpression of the ALDHl gene resulted
IGH-DOSE CHEMOTHERAPY, including high-dose
and high-dose-intensive regimens, represents a prom-
ising approach to improve therapeutic results in a variety
of human tumors.' The limiting factor in most high-dose
protocols is myelotoxicity, a problem that has only partially
been solved by the use of hematopoietic growth factors.' In
fact, presently available growth factors alleviate, but do not
prevent, drug-induced myelotoxicity, particularly in those
situations in which the bone marrow reserve is inadequate
because of previous treatment with myelotoxic agent^.^ To
resolve this problem, gene transfer strategies aimed at con-
ferring drug resistance to hematopoietic cells are being de-
Towards this end, two genes have been identified for their
activity in conferring resistance to therapeutic drugs, a mu-
tant dihydrofolate reductase gene (DHF'Rr) coding for an
enzyme with reduced affinity to methotrexate5 and the hu-
man multidrug-resistance gene 1 (MDR1).6 However, the
application of these drug-resistance strategies is limited to a
subset of chemotherapeutic drugs, methotrexate in the case
of DHFRr and xenobiotics (mainly taxanes) in the case of
Cyclophosphamide is one of the most commonly used
alkylating agents in chemotherapeutic regimens because it
has a broad antitumor spectrum, a low risk of inducing chem-
oresistance, and a limited hematopoietic toxicity.' Its use in
high-dose regimens, in association with hematopoietic
growth factors, has led to improved therapeutic
These results have provided strong support for the notion
that further increases in drug dose or intensity may lead to
further therapeutic improvements.
Increasing evidence suggests that the cytosolic enzyme
aldehyde-dehydrogenase (ALDHl) may be involved in the
mechanisms of cellular resistance to cyclophosphamide."."
In murine pluripotent hematopoietic' stem cells (spleen col-
ony-forming units) and myeloid progenitor cells (granulo-
cyte-macrophage colony-forming units) inhibition of
ALDHl activity correlates with increased in vitro sensitivity
to 4-hydro~ycyclophosphamide,'~
of cyclophosphamide. In human hematopoietic progenitor
cells (HPCs), a correlation has been made between cyclo-
phosphamide resistance and ALDHl levels during hemato-
ie, the active metabolite
Blood, Vol 87, No 3 (February l), 1996: pp 1097-1103
in a significant increases in cyclophosphamide resistance in
transduced L1210 and U937 cells (50% inhibition concentra-
tion [IC,],
=13pmol/L). The resistant phenotype was spe-
cifically caused by ALDHl overexpression as shown by its
reversion by disulfiram, a specific ALDHl inhibitor. ALDHl
transduction into peripheral blood human hematopoietic
progenitor cells also led to significant increases (4- to 10-
fold; IC5,,, -3 to 4 pmol/L) in cyclophosphamide resistance
in an in vitro colony-forming assay. These findings indicate
that ALDHl overexpression is sufficient to induce cyclophos-
phamide resistance in vitro and provide a basis for testing
the efficacy of ALDHl gene transduction to protect bone
marrow cells from high-dose cyclophosphamide in vivo.
0 1996 by The American Society of Hematology.
poietic differentiation." However, a direct role of the en-
zyme in inducing cyclophosphamide resistance has not been
formally shown.
This study was aimed at directly testing whether the over-
expression of the ALDHl gene could induce cyclophospha-
mide resistance as a basis for the eventual use of ALDHl
in gene therapy strategies in vivo. We have cloned a full-
length ALDHl cDNA and used retroviral vectors to trans-
duce it into hematopoietic cell lines and into human HPCs
that were then tested for resistance to maphosphamide, an
active analogue of cyclophosphamide. The results indicate
that ALDHl is sufficient to induce cyclophosphamide resis-
tance and suggest that the ALDHl gene may be useful in
generating hematopoietic cells resistant to cyclophospha-
mide in vivo.
Cloning of a full-length human A D H l cDNA. A human liver
cDNA library (HLI 115A; Clontech, Palo Alto, CA) was screened
with a partial ALDHl probe corresponding to 1560 bp of ALDHl
cDNA sequences, lacking 5' coding sequence^'^ (a gift from Dr. L.C.
Hsu). A partial cDNA clone, pGALDHI-A, was isolated containing
1471-bp coding sequences and 272-bp 3' untranslated sequences, but
From the Department of Pathology, Columbia University, New
York, NY; and the Division of Medical Oncology "C", National
Institute of Tumors, Milan, Italy.
Submitted July 24, 1995; accepted September 7, 1995.
Supported by Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (A.M.G.) (grant
no. 94-01273-PF39), by Associazione ltaliana per la Ricerca sul
Cancro (A.M.G.), and by Pharmacia-Farmitalia Carlo Erba
M.M. and S.S. contributed equally to this work.
Address reprint requests to Riccardo Dalla-Favera, MD, Division
o f Oncology, Department of Pathology, College o f Physicians &
Surgeons, Columbia University, 630 W 168th St, New York, NY,
The publication costs of this article were defrayed in part by page
charge payment. This article must therefore be hereby marked
"advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. section 1734 solely to
indicate this fact.
0 I996 by The American Society o f Hematology.
For personal use only. by guest on July 13, 2011. bloodjournal.hematologylibrary.orgFrom
Page 3
still lacking 46 bp of 5' coding sequences including the translation
initiation codon. To obtain the remaining 5' coding sequences, hu-
man genomic DNA was amplified
(PCR) using a S'-end primer spanning S' flanking sequencesIs and
a 3'-end primer internal to the coding sequences in the cDNA. For
subcloning purposes, the primers contained a 5' artificial Xba I site
and a 3' Bgl I1 site present in the cDNA. After Xba I and Bgl I1
digestion, the PCR product was subcloned into pGALDH1-A leading
to the 1506-bp full-length ALDHl cDNA, pGAldo. The PCR-gener-
ated Xba I-Bgl I1 fragment of pGAldo was verified by nucleotide
Construction of retroviral vectors carrying the ALBHl gene. A
EcoRI-Sal I fragment containing the entire ALDH 1 -coding domain
was isolated from pGAldo, filled by Klenow, and subcloned into
the retroviral vector pLXSN, after digestion with Stu I and Bgl 1 1
and fill-in of the 5' protruding ends (a gift from Dr D. Miller, Fred
Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA) and after removal
of the SV40-neoR cassette." The resulting plasmid, pAldoX, con-
tains the ALDH1-coding domain downstream to the MoMuSV S'
long terminal repeat (LTR).
pN2a-Aldo was constructed by cloning the ALDHl cDNA into
the Xho I site of the pE2a plasmid" (a kind gift of Dr E. Gilboa,
Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC).
To generate amphotropic packaging cell lines, the pAldoX and
pN2a-Aldo plasmids were transfected into PA317 cells (CRL 9078;
American Type Culture Collection, Rockville, MD) by the CaPO,
precipitation method." pSV2ne0, which carries a neomycin-resis-
tance gene (Clontech), was cotransfected in each case to provide a
marker for the selection of the transfected cells. After cotransfection,
the cells were selected in Iscove's modified Dulbecco's medium
(IMDM) containing G418 (active dose, 0.5 mg/mL), 10% calf serum,
and 1 % penicillin-streptomycin (GIBCO-BRL, Gaithersburg, MD).
High-titer-producing clones were identified by testing the superna-
tant of multiple neo-resistant clones on NIH3T3 cells and determin-
ing the relative number of infected cells by Southern blot analysis
using probes specific for the transduced ALDHl sequences.'"
Infection of hematopoietic cell lines and ident$cation o f ALDHI-
transduced clones. L1210 and U937 (American Type Culture Col-
lection) cell lines were transduced by incubation of 10' cells with I
mL of filtered viral supernatant, in the presence of protamine sulfate
(S pg/mL; Sigma, St Louis, MO), for 24 hours; the incubation was
repeated for 3 consecutive days, with replacement of the viral super-
natant every 24 hours. Cells were then washed twice with phosphate-
buffered saline (PBS) and plated in RPM1 1640 (L1210) or IMDM
(U937) medium containing 20% fetal bovine serum, I% penicillin-
streptomycin, and 10 pmol/L P-mercaptoethanol (Sigma) by a modi-
fication of the limiting dilution liquid colture assay described by
Ventura et al."' DNA was isolated from colonies grown in single
wells" and was subjected to 30 cycles of PCR amplification with
primers specific for ALDHl cDNA. Amplification of ALDH I cDNA
by these primers resulted in an amplified fragment of 431 bp, de-
tected by l S% agarose gel electrophoresis and staining with ethid-
Maphosphamide cytotoxicity assay in transduced cell lines. Ma-
phosphamide (ASTA Z 7557; a gift of Dr Pohl, Asta Werke, Biele-
feld, Germany) was obtained as a pure white powder and kept at
-20°C. A I-mmol/L solution was prepared with PBS and sterilized
by filtration (0.25 pm) immediately before use. Maphosphamide
resistance was assayed by a modification of the protocol described
by Kaizer et al.?' Briefly, cells transduced with the different vectors
were resuspended at 10'' cells/mL in regular medium and were incu-
bated with increasing doses of maphosphamide for 30 minutes at
37°C in a water bath with frequent agitation. After this period, cells
were cooled on ice, washed twice with cold Hanks' balanced salt
solution, and plated in quadruplicate at 5 X 10' (L1210) or IO4
(U937) cells/well in a 96-well microtiter plate.
by polymerase chain reaction
After 3 days of culture, a period during which the growth curve
of unselected cells was shown to remain linear (not shown), cell
viability was assessed by the tetrazolium salt (MTT; [Sigma] colori-
metric assay." A total of 20 pL of a 6.5-mg/mL solution of MTT
in PBS was added to each well of the 96-well microtiter plate and
incubated for 2 hours at 37°C. After this incubation period, 100 pL
of solubilization buffer (sodium dodecyl sulfate 20% in SO% N,N-
dimethylformamide, pH 4.7) were added, and the incubation contin-
ued overnight. The optical densities at 570 nm were then measured
using 20 pL of MTT and 100 pL of extraction buffer in complete
medium as a blank control.
The calculation of the 50% inhibition concentration (IC5") for
each clone was performed using the Probit analysis method.z4
RNA analysis. RNA obtained by the Trizol reagent purification
procedure (GIBCO-BRL) was resuspended in diethylpyrocarbonate
(Sigma)-treated water and was analyzed by 0.9% agarose, 6% form-
aldehyde, 1 X 3-(N-morpholino) propanesulfonic acid (MOPS), gel
electrophoresis. Each lane was loaded with 20 pg of total RNA in
S% formaldehyde and 45% formamide in a 40-pL total volume
containing 4 pL of IOX running dye. Gels were run at a constant
voltage of 2 V/cm overnight in 1 X MOPS running buffer. Overnight
transfer to nitrocellulose and subsequent procedures were performed
as described." Ethidium-bromide staining was used to
the integrity of the RNA by inspection of the gels. Filters were
hybridized to the ALDHl cDNA probe as described above. Normal-
ization of the quantity of RNA transferred to the filters was obtained
after stripping the filters, as suggested by the manufacturer, and
hybridization with a 1.4-kb GAPDH probe as described above.
Disulfiram inhibition assay. Disulfiram (Sigma), a specific in-
hibitor of aldehyde-dehydrogenase activity," was dissolved in 95%
ethanol, used within 1 hour of preparation, and kept at +4"C prior
to its use. At the concentrations used, ethanol was not cytotoxic to
the cells (not shown). Cells were incubated with disulfiram for 30
minutes at 37°C. Maphosphamide was then added and the incubation
was continued for an additional 30 minutes at 37°C.
Assuy ojALDHI uctivity. Briefly, as previously described,'" pro-
tein lysates from infected clones were incubated in a reaction mixture
containing 32 mmoVL sodium pyrophosphate buffer [pH 8.21, S
mmol/L N-acetyl-l-cysteine (Sigma), 0. I mmoliL 4-methylpyrazole,
4 mmol/L NAD', 1 mmoln disodium salt EDTA, and 4 mmoL/L
acetaldehyde. A blank reaction, identical to the above but without
acetaldehyde, was run for each sample. The reaction was run at 37°C
monitoring the change of optical density at a wavelength of 340 nm.
A standard curve was calculated with different amounts of yeast-
purified ALDH enzyme (Sigma).
Western blotting. Cell extracts from L1210 (IO7) or U937 (2.6
X IO7) cells were analyzed by Western immunoblotting as previously
described".'* with a polyclonal antihuman ALDHl rabbit antise-
rum" (a kind gift of Dr A. Yoshida, Beckman Research Institute of
the City of Hope, Duarte, CA) followed by incubation with horserad-
ish peroxidase-conjugated Protein-A (Boehringer Mannheim, India-
napolis, IN) for 60 minutes. Bands were visualized by enhanced
chemiluminescence (ECL; Amersham, Arlington Heights, IL). Prob-
ing with anti-&actin monoclonal antibody (Sigma) was performed
after stripping the nitrocellulose as suggested by the manufacturer.
Isolation and transduction of human HPCs. HPCs were har-
vested by leukapheresis from the peripheral blood of cancer patients
treated with high-dose cyclophosphamide (7 g/m2) and hematopoi-
etic growth factors (recombinant human GM-CSF, S pgn<yld -C rh
interleukin-3, S pg/kg/d) as we have previously described." Leuka-
pheresis aliquots were fractionated by Ficoll-Hypaque (Pharmacia,
Uppsala, Sweden), and the light-density cells were collected and
exposed to filtered retroviral supernatants at a multiplicity of infec-
tion of 15: l (4 hours of incubation repeated 3 times) in the presence
of protamine sulfate (5 pg/mL; Sigma). The percentage of transduced
cells was assessed by PCR as described above.
For personal use only. by guest on July 13, 2011. bloodjournal.hematologylibrary.orgFrom
Page 4
ALDHl GENE TRANSFER AND CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE RESISTANCE
MoMuLV -
Fig 1. Schematic representation of the retroviral vectors used for
ALDHl gene transduction. Arrows indicate the transcriptional start
sites and the direction of transcription. PA, polyadenylation signals.
Maphosphamide-resistance assay in transdtced HPCs. To test
for cyclophosphamide resistance, transduced HPCs were resus-
pended at IO" cells/mL in regular medium and incubated with in-
creasing doses of maphosphamide for 30 minutes at 37°C in a water
bath with frequent agitation. After this period, cells were cooled on
ice, washed twice
with cold Hank's balanced salt solution,
plated. In some experiments, before maphosphamide exposure,
CD34' cells were purifired from bulk-transduced HPCs
tion on columns containing anti-CD34 antibody (Miltenyi Biotech
GmbH, Germany)"'; the percentage of CD34' cells
by fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis. After exposure to
maphosphamide, bulk HPCs or CD-34' HPCs were then tested for
their ability to form colonies
in semisolid medium,
previously described." Briefly, cells were plated at
(purified CD34' cells) or
mm well in IMDM containing 0.3% agar, 20% fetal bovine serum,
and 10% conditioned medium from the 5637 cell line
of growth factors. After
14 days of incubation at 37°C in 5% COz,
the number of colonies was scored under an inverted microscope.
by separa-
was assessed
as we have
I to 2 X 10'
I to 2 X lo" (unpurified CD34' cells)/35-
as a source
Construction of retroviral vectors expressing ALDHI.
The full-length ALDH 1 cDNA (see Materials and Methods)
was subcloned into two different retroviral plasmids (Fig I),
which share the backbone of the N2 retroviral vector but
differ in their 5' LTR; ie, the pLXSN vector carries the 5'
LTR and part of the gag region from Moloney murine sar-
coma virus,I6 whereas pE2a contains LTR sequences from
the Moloney murine leukemia virus." After transfection into
PA317, two clones were selected for their highest titer and
used for subsequent experiments: c1.21 producing a pLXSN
derivative (Aldo-X c1.21; titer, 2.5 X IO5 pfu/mL) and cl.
26 producing a pE2a derivative (N2a-Aldo c1.26; titer, IOh
plaque-forming units [pfu]/mL).
ALDHI gene transduction and expression into hematopoi-
etic cell lines. L1210, a murine leukemia cell line, and
U937, a human monoblastic leukemia cell line, were chosen
as targets for ALDHI transduction because they are repre-
sentative of hematopoietic precursors, show low levels of
ALDH 1 RNA, and are sensitive to cyclophosphamide. These
two cell lines were transduced with the supernatants of retro-
virus-producing PA3 l7 clones. Northern blot analysis of
ALDHI RNA expression in various clones of transduced
cells (see Figs 2A and B) showed that endogenous RNA
was not detectable in the N2-transduced clones, whereas a
3.4-kb (AldoX) and 5.5-kb (N2a-Aldo) RNA species corre-
sponding in size to the viral transcripts were detectable in
all the ALDH l-transduced clones.
To determine whether the ALDHI protein was expressed
in transduced cells, cell extracts from different transduced
clones were analyzed by immunoblotting using a rabbit poly-
clonal antiserum against human ALDHI (Figs 2C and D).'"
No endogenous protein was detected in N2-transduced
L1210 cells, whereas a 55-kD band, corresponding to the
human ALDHI protein,'y was present in all ALDHI-trans-
duced L1 210 cells. N2a-Aldo-transduced clones consis-
tently showed higher levels of exogenous ALDHI than Al-
doX-transduced clones (compare lanes 6-8 and 9-1 l in Fig
2A with lanes 4-6 and 7-9 in Fig 2C). In U937 cells, we
detected a 55-kD band corresponding to endogenously ex-
pressed ALDHI in N2-transduced U937 cells, but the same
band was present at higher abundance in the N2a-Aldo-
transduced clones showing the expression of the transduced
Assay qf ALDHl activity. A spectrophotometric assay
was used to directly quantify the amount of ALDH I activity
present in the soluble fraction of N2-, AldoX-, and N2a-
Aldo-transduced cells'h (Fig 3). Quantitation could be per-
formed in L1210 cells but not
their high endogenous background, which interfered with
the spectrophotometric assay. As shown in Fig 3, ALDHI
activity was absent or minimal in the soluble fraction of
N2-transduced LI 210 cells, whereas it was increased up to
threefold over basal levels on transduction with AldoX or
N2a-Aldo vectors.
Maphosphamide cytotoxicity
whether increased ALDHI expression led to increased ma-
phosphamide resistance, N2-, AldoX-, and N2a-Aldo-trans-
duced cells were exposed to increasing doses of maphospha-
mide, and their ICsO was determined by the MTT or by the
colony forming assay. As shown in Figs 4A and B, the ICs0
was increased in all ALDHI-transduced, but in none of the
control-infected, clones. In both L1 2 IO and U937 ALDH I -
transduced cells, the ICs0 was = 13 pmol/L, representing a
fourfold (L1210) and a 1 S-fold (U937) increase over basal
values, respectively.
Dose-response curves for representative clones of L1210
and U937 cells (Figs 4C and D) indicate that ALDHI-trans-
duced clones show some level of resistance at up to 20 pmol/
L maphosphamide. Taken together, ALDHI activity and ma-
phosphamide toxicity results indicate that an
ALDHI expression is sufficient to make cells resistant to
Disulfram inhibition assay. To assess the specificity of
the drug resistance in transduced cells, we tested whether
cyclophosphamide resistance could be reversed by pretreat-
ment with disulfiram, a specific inhibitor of cytosolic alde-
hyde-dehydrogenase." Figure 5 shows that pretreatment
with disulfiram caused little or no effect in control, N2-
transduced, L1210 or U937 cells, whereas it completely re-
versed the resistance in ALDH 1 -transduced L1 2 IO and U937
cells. These results indicate that the cyclophosphamide resis-
tance observed in ALDHI-transduced cells is specifically
caused by ALDHI activity.
ALDHl gene transduction into human hematopoietic pro-
genitor cells. We next verified whether ALDH 1 transduc-
in U937 cells because of
assay. To determine
increase in
For personal use only. by guest on July 13, 2011. bloodjournal.hematologylibrary.orgFrom
Page 5
tion could induce cyclophosphamide resistance in primary
hematopoietic cells. For this purpose, we used aliquots of
primary human HPCs obtained by leukapheresis from the
peripheral blood of cancer patients treated with high-dose
chemotherapy as part of autologous HPC reinfusion proto-
cols.' These cells were infected in vitro with the N2a-Aldo
virus or with the N2 virus as a control, were exposed to
0 *
Time (rnin)
Fig 3. ALDHl enzyme activity in transduced cells. Increase in ab-
sorbance at 340 nm determined by the interaction of aldehyde-dehy-
drogenase enzyme with acetaldehyde, generating NADH from the
substrate NAD. The values thus obtained were converted in alde-
hyde-dehydrogenase activity per minute per microgram of protein,
using the extinction coefficient of
NADH at 340 nm.
Fig 2. ALDHl RNA (A and B)
and protein (C and Dl levels in
control- and ALDH1-transduced
L1210 and U937 cells. For RNA
analysis, 20 p g of total RNA iso-
lated by Trizol reagent purifica-
tion (see Materials and Methods)
were loaded in each lane, run in
a formamide gel, transferred to
a nitrocellulose filter, and hy-
bridized to a 32P-labeled ALDHl
probe; RNA levels were normal-
ized by hybridization with a =P-
labeled GAPDH probe. For pro-
tein analysis, cell extracts from
lo' L1210 cells or 2.6 x lo7 U937
cells were separated by sodium
dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide
gel electrophoresis?' electro-
transferred onto nitrocellulose,z8
and probed with a polyclonal an-
tihuman ALDH rabbit antise-
rum" (a kind gift of Dr Yoshidal
and with an anti-pactin mono-
clonal antibody to control for
protein amounts.
various doses of maphosphamide, and then were examined
for their ability to form colonies in semisolid medium. The
results obtained with HPCs from three different patients (see
Figs 6A, dose-response experiment performed on HPCs in
a representative patient: and B, summary of the ICso obtained
with each patient) indicate that ALDHl transduction caused
a significant increase in the ICso of all three patients. Similar
levels of resistance (ICso, -3 to 4 pmol/L) were obtained in
all three cases, including the case for which HPCs were
enriched in CD34' cells before testing for maphosphamide
resistance (patient no. 3; see % of CD34 cells shown in Fig
6B insert). In one case (patient no. 2), a sufficient number
of HPCs was available to test the efficiency of transduction
(measured as % of cells positive for proviral DNA by PCR;
see Fig 6B insert) on cells plated in limiting dilution. Be-
cause only a fraction (62%) of the cells were positive by
this assay, the levels of maphosphamide resistance must be
considered as the average between those of transduced and
nontransduced cells. Thus, for HPCs from patient no. 2 and
most likely for the other two cases, the levels of maphospha-
mide resistance detected in this assay represent underesti-
mates of the actual levels present in transduced cells. Taken
together, these results indicate that ALDH 1 transduction can
confer cyclophosphamide resistance to primary human he-
matopoietic cells in vitro.
In these experiments, we have shown that overexpression
of a transduced ALDHl cDNA in human and murine hema-
topoietic cell lines and in human HPCs is sufficient to induce
increased resistance to the cytotoxic action of maphospha-
mide, an active cyclophosphamide analog. These results are
consistent with previous observations reporting a correlation
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text:
SUNNYVALE, CA -- (Marketwired) -- 06/16/14 -- AMD (NYSE: AMD) today announced that in connection with its previously announced tender offer (the "Tender Offer") and consent solicitation (the "Consent Solicitation") with respect to any and all of its outstanding 8.125% Senior Notes due 2017 (the "8.125% Notes"), each commencing on June 2, 2014, AMD has extended the deadline by which holders of the 8.125% Notes ("Holders") may early tender their 8.125% Notes and receive an additional payment of $20.00 for each $1,000 principal amount of 8.125% Notes purchased pursuant to the Tender Offer (the "Consent Payment") in accordance with the terms of the Tender Offer (the "Consent Payment Deadline"), for an aggregate purchase price of $1,045.88 per $1,000 principal amount of 8.125% Notes. The Consent Payment Deadline has been extended to 12:00 midnight, New York City time, on June 19, 2014 (the "New Consent Payment Deadline"). The Consent Payment Deadline for the Tender Offer was previously 12:00 midnight, New York City time, on June 13, 2014. As of that time, $135.3 million, or 48.5%, of the $278.9 million outstanding aggregate principal amount of the 8.125% Notes have been tendered and have consented, which is approximately $4.1 million principal amount fewer tendered 8.125% Notes than required to reduce the redemption notice period for the 8.125% Notes from 30 calendar days to 3 business days. The current redemption price is $1,040.63 per $1,000 aggregate principal amount of 8.125% Notes. Withdrawal rights for Holders expired at 12:00 midnight on June 13, 2014 and are not being extended.
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
NFL Nation
Print without images
Friday, July 16, 2010
NFL suspends Packers' Jolly 'indefinitely'
By ESPN.com staff
The NFL released a statement Friday afternoon that
Green Bay Packers
defensive end
Johnny Jolly
been suspended indefinitely
"Johnny Jolly of the Green Bay Packers has been suspended indefinitely without pay for violating the NFL Policy and Program for Substances of Abuse. Jolly's suspension begins immediately and will continue through at least the 2010 season. He will be eligible to apply for reinstatement following Super Bowl XLV," the statement read.
Packers general manager Ted Thompson released a statement shortly thereafter: "Johnny is a good player that loves everything about the game of football. We appreciate the contributions he has made to the Packers the past four seasons. His focus and priorities now lie elsewhere -- our thoughts are with him during this difficult personal time."
The statement concluded by saying the team would have no further comment on the league matter.


text:
Download My Town 2 iPhone iPad iOS
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Click4more: Related apps my town
The My Town 2 is now available as a free download on Apple Store for both iPhone and iPad owners.The application is designed for use in English language. It weighs in at only 13.7 MB to download. The new My Town 2 app version 3.1.1 has been updated on 2014-11-06. For ensuring consistency with the device you should take into account the following app compatibility information: Compatible with iPhone, iPod touch, and iPad. Requires iOS 4.0 or later.
More Info: Find more info about My Town 2 in Booyah, Inc.`s Official Website : http://www.booyah.com
Tags : favorite , world , real world , filled with your
iOS My Town 2 3.1.1 Mobile
Customer Reviews
My town two
They have to put in a button that confirms any bucks purchase cuz I lost a lot on upgrades that I didn`t wanna use
Broken much?
The game loads half way then suddenly, it shuts off taking me back to my home screen ???????????? use to really be addicted to this game now I can`t even play it & I refuse to delete it and start over as far as I`ve come with my town ????
This is the best game ever!I love it! I have the best town! Jesus is coming soon! My town name is Sunnyville friend me!
Related - Entertainment - My Town 2 3.1.1
More in Entertainment - for My Town 2 iPhone
More by Booyah, Inc. - for My Town 2 app ioS


text:
My husband always says two old photos sum up Finland for him. In this first one he is leaving an Alko shop with a big grin on his face having just bought some beer.
I'm not sure how it is now, but in the eighties you could only buy alcohol from Alko shops for home consumption unless you bought weak alcohol from supermarkets. Every year the Alko shops would go on strike for a while leaving many of us desperate for a drink.Related to:
- Historical Travel
- Beer Tasting
- Wine Tasting
The Three Smiths Statue
The Three Smiths Statue is a sculpture showing three blacksmiths hammering onto an anvil. It stands at the intersection of Aleksanterinkatu and Mannerheimintie. It was created by sculptor, Felix Nylund and was unveiled in 1932. It is a popular meeting spot.Related to:
- Arts and Culture
- Photography
Mannerheim Statue
There is a statue of General Mannerheim on the road that is named after him.
Mannerheim was a Finnish military leader and statesman. He was born on the 4th of June 1867.
He fought against the Bolsheviks in the Finnish Civil War helping to bring about Finnish independence. He was commander-in-chief of Finland's defence forces during World War II and later became the sixth president of Finland from 1944 to 1946. He died in 1951. He is regarded as the father of modern Finland.Related to:
- Historical Travel
- Photography
Memorial Plaques
Just like many other cities, Helsinki has a great many memorial plaques. It does seem that there is no real control over them, many look the same and many look different.
I suspect that they may be installed by official bodies and some are placed in the position by friends and family.
Road/renovation/building works
Just like in every other city, road works are a familiar sight in Helsinki every year. They usually take place in summer for the simple fact that it might not be possible to do them during the winter months when the temperatures drop below freezing and the ground is stiff as a rock. Also the façades of several buildings in the city are being renovated over the summer months, so plastic cover in front of many buildings are a common part of the street scene.
In addition, there are new building projects being scheduled all over the town, which could restrict traffic or access in some parts of town. One of such projects is a total overhaul of the train station in Pasila (the second busiest station in Finland). All that will remain of the current station building is the ground level and platforms. Everything else will be pulled down. It appears that the new station building will be up to ten stories high and host a new conference centre and offices. The overhaul starts in summer 2015. Passengers will be affected in 2017 when the work will move onto the actual station building.
During the construction, a new entrance will be created on the western wall of the station, connecting it with a new shopping centre to be built in the area. With building work set to begin in 2017. Besides the shopping centre and the conference centre, also a hotel, a parking complex and accommodation for 500 new residents will be built next to the station. This is likely to affect the traffic and the attractiveness of the area for the years to come.Related to:
- Historical Travel
- Family Travel
Summer Solstice (Juhannus)
Before 1316, the summer solstice was called 'Ukon juhla', after an old Finnish god 'Ukko'. In Karelia, people had several bonfires side by side, the biggest of which was called 'Ukko-kokko' (the 'bonfire of Ukko'). At present, the midsummer holiday is known as 'Juhannus', and is the year's most notable occasion for many to get drunk (not that any excuse is needed any other time really!).
In the Finnish midsummer celebration tradition, bonfires are burnt at lakesides. However, in the coastal areas, which are traditionally the stronghold of the Swedish speaking Finns, you might come across the Swedish maypole tradition instead of bonfires. You won't find these in the rest of the country though, and people will probably raise their eyebrows, if you ask where is the maypole then.
Midsummer day is also the day of the Finnish flag. The flag is hoisted at 6pm on Midsummer eve and flown all night until 9pm the following evening.
Helsinki is often deserted around Juhannus. Hardly anything goes on in the city, apart from the city centre, where you will some restaurants serving food etc. If you're looking for a party, there isn't one. Everyone's at the countryside, mostly at summer cottages by a lake somewhere far away.
However, if you want to see a bonfire, head to the Seurasaari island.Related to:
- Study Abroad
- Business Travel
- Family Travel
Ice and snow in advertising.
Well it's not really a local custom, I know, but we were amused by a promotion for a soft drink. Cans of the drink, frozen solid into huge blocks of ice were dumped on the square near the bus station along with piles of snow and people were provided with hard hats and chisels and invited to try and get them out.
Many people tend to judge the Finnish language as a very difficult language. It can be true (if you want to speak fluently) but I can tell you there are languages in this world that are more difficult. In Finland, the schools are the best in the world and also the language skills are very high. In Europe, Finland was the only country where the language skills had became better, a year ago, when in all the other countries the language skills had gone down. If you are in Helsinki almost everybody can speak and understand English (except the oldest people maybe). So if you can't speak Finnish, then speak English, it's also good for the Finns. Other big languages are Swedish and Russian, but there are of course a lot more, depending on what kind of people.
If you want to learn a few words in Finnish then here you have:
Hello = Hei/Terve/Moi/Moro/Hyvää Päivää
Bye = Moikka/Hei hei/ Moi moi/ Näkemiin (more kind way to say bye - like auf wiedersehen in german)
Good morning = Huomenta (Hyvää huomenta)
Good evening = Iltaa (Hyvää iltaa)
Good night = Hyvää yötä
How are you? = Mitä kuuluu?/Miten menee?/Kuinka voit?
Do you speak English? = Puhutko Englantia?
Sorry/Excuse me = Sori/Anteeksi
Thank you = Kiitos
You are welcome = Ole hyvä
Yes = Kyllä/Niin/Joo
No = Ei
Help! = Apua!
Look out! = Varo!
Where is the toilet? = Missä vessa on?
It's an emergency! = Nyt on hätätilanne!
I need a doctor = Tarvitsen lääkäri
How much for a ticket? = Paljonko lippu maksaa?
... And so on.
Do not be afraid of the letter ä. It's used pretty much but it's not that difficult to pronounce. Ask someone. In the Swedish language they also use the letter å, not in Finnish. But yes, the Finnish language also has ö (as well as Swedish). It's not either so difficult. I think you can get understood if you pronounce them as a and o, but try to learn the real sound. I hope this can help you a little bit. You can search on internet for more phrases. Don't be afraid to speak Finnish, and don't think it's impossible to learn, it is not. Good luck and enjoy your stay in Finland! Don't be afraid to speak with Finns, though they are shy sometimes. They are very friendly and warmhearted inside!Related to:
- Backpacking
- Study Abroad
- Arts and Culture
Ice swimming
Swimming in a frozen lake or sea is regularly practised by approximately 120,000 brave individuals in this country. They say that a refreshing dip in the icy water will leave you feeling totally revitalised, some even claim it helps build resistance to the common flu. Swimmers cut a large opening through the ice and either take a quick plunge or swim for a few minutes at a time.
This peculiar 'sport' has recently seen a renewed interest, and it would seem that it is regaining a foothold in the Finnish traditions. The die-hard fans do not necessarily associate swimming in the icy water with the sauna, although most appreciate a hot sauna after the relatively cool swim.
It is actually safer to go swimming not from the sauna heat but from the relative coolness of the heated changing room. The difference between the sauna and the water can be 80-100 degrees Celsius, while from the changing room it is only some 20 degrees.
A few practical tips
If you have not tried it before, find a few friends willing to help, so that someone is able to you help if anything happens. Do not go into the water directly from the sauna heat. Let your body get accustomed to the cold air outside before taking a plunge. Wear something on your feet when walking to the water. Rubber slippers or wool socks are handy and you can swim with them on.
Please be aware thar if you are unsure of your physical condition, consult a physician in advance about the risks associated with ice swimming.
If you don't want to try swimming outdoors in the winter, you could always go and try the tiny cold water pool (temperature between +8 and +13C) at the indoor swimming pools at Mäkelänrinne (Mäkelänrinteen Uintikeskus, Mäkelänkatu 49, 00550 Helsinki Tel. (09) 3484 8800)Related to:
- Adventure Travel
Liqourice ice cream
Liqourice is pretty popular in the Nordic countries, Northern Germany and the Netherlands. However, Finland was the first country where I have seen liqourice as a popular ice cream flavour. It comes in different types (liqourice taste only in the stripes or in the whole of the cream), different colours and is available from different brands with slightly different tastes. And there is the difference between salmiakki and lakritsi (roughly salty and sweet liqourice). The darker the colour, the more intense the licqourice taste usually is. If you like the taste of liqourice, it's worth trying the different types of liqourice ice cream. And if you haven't tried it before, an ice cream is a good introduction to the nordic world of liqourice.
Finnish beer
Finland is not too popular for its beer. The most well known brand is probably Lapin Kulta which is brewed in Lapland and therefore also known as Lapland's Gold.
One of the oldest breweries in the nordic countries is Sinebrychoff which was established in 1819. Nowadays Sinebrychoff is owned by Carlsberg and their best selling beer is Koff.
Olvi is the third largest brewery in Finland and it is the only brewery which still remains in Finnish hands.Related to:
- Backpacking
- Trains
- Budget Travel
Midsummer pole
The erection of a midsummer pole on midsummer eve (24th of June) is an old Finnish tradition dating back to the late 19th century. The pole is usually raised and decorated by volunteers.
The decoration consists of juniper, several wild flowers and a rose on top. The midsummer pole of Helsinki is situated right in the middle of the Esplanade Park.Related to:
- Trains
- Backpacking
- Budget Travel
Don't bother learning Finnish
The Finnish language is extremely difficult to learn. Unless you are Hungarian or Estonian, the language is not similar to any that you currently speak and the words are very long and difficult to say.
Plus, the vast majority of people you come across (in Helsinki at least) will speak English. Most likely they will also speak either Swedish or Russian as well, so you have a lot of options.
Because so many people speak English, they won't waste their time trying to talk to you in Finnish if you are not already fluent. Even if you try to say something in Finnish, they will reply in English because they can detect that you are not a native speaker.
So, while it might be important in most countries to try to talk to locals in their own language, that's not the case in Finland. Just remember to say "kiitos" (thank you) after you talk to someone and that is usually enough of a good gesture. Luckily, a few of their other basic words are similar enough that you can say them in English and they will be understood in Finnish - "hei" (hey; hi) and "sori" (sorry) are pretty much the same in both languages.
*A quick story about replying in English - some girl held the door open for me to get on an elevator. All I said was "kiitos" and she immediately asked, in English, "where are you from?". All it took was one word to tell I didn't speak Finnish, even though that word was a Finnish word. lol
World Design Capital 2012
Helsinki has been designated as the "World Design Capital" for 2012.
According to the World Design Capital website, Helsinki was chosen because:
"In Helsinki, design is the enabler of building an open city, the booster of its social, economic and cultural development. This concept of Embedded Design ties design to innovation from its very beginning. Design oversees the realisation of the inhabitants' needs and, in the final stages, ensures that the solution is desirable. This is how inventions, technologies and systems are developed into innovations suitable for everyday use.
Helsinki Design is also part of world design – it is created together with the international design community and the people of the world. Helsinki Design includes well-known global brands, such as Nokia, Kone and Marimekko, popular events, like the annual Helsinki Design Week, first class education and research institutions, such as University of Art and Design Helsinki, and strong traditions, for example architects and designers Eliel Saarinen and Alvar Aalto."
Supposedly there will be a lot of exhibits put on throughout the year, and throughout the city, to highlight "design". I didn't really notice any while I was in town though (aside from all of the banners proclaiming Helsinki as the "World Design Capital").Related to:
- Arts and Culture
Poets of the Fall
Poets of the Fall are a great rock band from Finland. They generally have at least one tour throughout the country each year, sometimes more, and Helsinki is always included in such tours. So if you can, try to make sure you're in town during one of their concerts. They put on a great show and have amazing songs. All of their songs are in English too.Related to:
- Music
Helsinki Hotels
Radisson Blu Plaza Hotel, Helsinki
It was our 15th wedding anniversary, and we wanted something little more "special" than usually, and...more
Hotel Kamp
Located on Pohjoisesplanadi, in the heart of Helsinki, Hotel Kämp is one of the city's most...more
I am not sure I would have selected the Hotel Helka as a first choice – it was booked as part of a...more
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text:
Queen_Optimistic posted a message to xowritergirl14xo
The funny thing about writing is: the more you do it, the better you get. I guess that's why half of my works on here reek.
-I'm in love with fictional characters. Deal with it.
-I talk to myself a little too much.
-The dream is to become a published author, the reality is there are a lot of people trying to hold me back. Proving people wrong is what I do best :)
-I'm good at holding grudges.
-I blog a lot.
-I think Oreos were invented to kill me...with deliciousness.
-11.1.13. I got the tattoo I had been planning to get for years.
-Karios changed not only me and my faith, but also my outlook on life and others.*XL, XLI*
-I'm addicted to inspiring quotes.
-I like to think if I was ever famous, I'd act like Jennifer Lawrence.
-Pennsylvania born and raised, but my heart belongs to Louisville, Kentucky.
-I talk a lot. Clearly.
Description: Abby's told her story and is well on her way to a happily-ever-after with the love of her life, Kyle. But what about Carter? An awkwardly artsy guy who gets to witness the love Abby and Kyle have for each other, knowing he will never, ever find some...
Mila lives in the land of the free, though she's anything but. She is trapped in the world of a controll...
Tris is a female boxer from Hawaii who has inapprorpriate dreams about a hunk named Caleb. She thinks th...
Meet Abigail: a senior in her small hometown's only school, West High. With her large glasses, make-up f...
Just wanted to say I love COATS. Bravo and thank you for sharing your stories.
I just want to say Speed Racer is such a great book. I can kind of relate to it because I too have a place for cars in my heart. I mean I am no grease monkey, but I really enjoy looking and watching things to do with cars. Anyhoo, GREAT book. A second one will blow the top. Love your writing.
I love your works. Personally I think you should publish books. If you do pleassssssseeeeee tell me. I want to be the first in my town to buy it!!
update coesbf plz
Hey guys and gals! I spent the past few days perusing the comments section of my works (I usually don't even go there haha) and I saw some pretty negative things. I want to make some clarifications: 1. I write because I enjoy it. I'm not a professionally and a lot of time goes between each update so sometimes I forget tiny details. Be nice about it. 2. If I see any comments that are negative towards others or are downright hurtful, I will delete and report it. Writing is an escape. Not a place for comments that say I suck or I can't write worth shit. I quite frankly don't care what you think if you say stuff like that. There's a backspace button. Use it. Other than that I hope everyone is well and will be posting a new chapter to Confessions of an Ex-Stripper's Best Friend soon! Xoxoxo
Wattpadders! It's been a while and I'm sorry I haven't uploaded. Lots came up. Sometimes life sucks. BUT GOOD NEWS: I am traveling which means only one thing: I AM WRITING. Update to Confessions Of An Ex-Stripper's Best Friend will come either TODAY OR TOMORROW depending on what time I land. I love you all! Hang in there with me, I'm really trying!
updatee COAESBF its been yeaarrss *Dramatic* but really, missing the story..
Hello lovelies! Go check out my story Chasing Normal and look for an update on Confessions of an Ex-Stripper's Best Friend by the end of the month! Sorry for being MIA, college is hard and I'm swamped! I love you all thanks for sticking with me!
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text:
|No. Because it's not just cost.
|attached to Ask Slashdot: If Public Transport Was Free, Would You Leave Your Car At Home?
|Oh hey!
|attached to More Supermassive Black Holes Than We Thought!
|Watched the full video for the Japanese robot?
|attached to Japanese and US Piloted Robots To Brawl For National Pride
|Car Theft? Puh-lease...
|attached to Louisiana Governor Vetoes License Plate Reader Bill, Citing Privacy Concerns
|Feature that didn't work out of the box?
|attached to Microsoft Announces Xbox One Backward Compatibility
|attached to Hillary Clinton Declares 2016 Democratic Presidential Bid
|Re:Then ID would be required
|attached to Obama: Maybe It's Time For Mandatory Voting In US
|Re:And blocked in court in 3, 2, 1 . . .
|attached to As Big As Net Neutrality? FCC Kills State-Imposed Internet Monopolies
|Re: And don'tforget the tax dodging
|attached to Microsoft, Amazon, Google, Facebook Press WA For $40M For New UW CS Building
|Why exempt MMOs that have been abaondoned?
|attached to DMCA Exemption Campaign Would Let Fans Run Abandoned Games
|Real vs. Imaginary.
|attached to Obama Proposes One-Time Tax On $2 Trillion US Companies Hold Overseas
|Re:Well, duh
|attached to Sony Hack Reveals MPAA's Big '$80 Million' Settlement With Hotfile Was a Lie
|What use new features if account recovery is bad?
|attached to Skype Unveils Preview of Live English-To-Spanish Translator
|Re:I don't get it...
|attached to Judge Rules Drug Maker Cannot Halt Sales of Alzheimer's Medicine
|In Utah...
|attached to Two Years of Data On What Military Equipment the Pentagon Gave To Local Police
|Offline editing on tablets would be very nice, act
|attached to Google Shifts Editing From Drive to Docs and Sheets In 'Confusing' Switch
|Didn't I just see that?
|attached to Navy Debuts New Railgun That Launches Shells at Mach 7
|Oh, look! DRM exploding spectacularly!
|attached to GameSpy Multiplayer Shutting Down, Affecting Hundreds of Games
|Re:And the US could turn Russia into vapor
|attached to Russian State TV Anchor: Russia Could Turn US To "Radioactive Ash"
|attached to Former CIA/NSA Head: NSA Is "Infinitely" Weaker As a Result of Snowden's Leaks
|attached to Employee Morale Is Suffering At the NSA
|Marvel got caught doing the same thing.
|attached to Comcast Allegedly Confirms That Prenda Planted Porn Torrents
|attached to Why Computers Still Don't Understand People
|No, we aren't in the mood to be robbed.
|attached to Have eBooks Peaked?
A committee is a group that keeps the minutes and loses hours. -- Milton Berle


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Reviews written by registered user
|1 reviews in total
The subtitle of the series is not an exaggeration; it has a literal meaning: This is indeed our planet as "never seen before". Right from the outset you are witnessing the most amazing pictures modern technology has ever produced: Views from space, but close enough so we may see the glorious beauty of specific regions of our home planet. Birds of paradise of such beauty that can convince you this is the real paradise and you need not ask for anything more; All the creatures are filmed in unique settings and situations (a polar bear with two cubs emerging from their den as spring comes and gliding down a snow covered slope, the strategic genius of wild dogs encircling a herd of impalas, rare views of a snow leopard and her cub, a white shark in chase of a seal bursting completely out of the sea and hanging in the air for a second and hundreds of other breath-taking shots. Feeling happy for the gift you are given and the next moment plunged in bitter thoughts about how unbelievably brutally has mankind treated it. My rating: Definitely 10/10.


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United States declaration of war on Germany (1917)
On April 6, 1917, the United States Congress declared war upon the German Empire; on April 2, President Woodrow Wilson had asked a special joint session of Congress for this declaration.
Text of the declaration[edit]
WHEREAS, The Imperial German Government has committed repeated acts of war against the Government and the people of the United States of America; therefore, be it resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That the state of war between the United States and the Imperial German Government, which has thus been thrust upon the United States, is hereby formally declared; and that the President be, and he is hereby, authorized and directed to employ the entire naval and military forces of the United States and the resources of the Government to carry on war against the Imperial German Government; and to bring the conflict to a successful termination all the resources of the country are hereby pledged by the Congress of the United States.[1]
In the Senate, the resolution passed 82 to 6. The negative votes were cast by Asle J. Gronna, Robert M. LaFollette, Harry Lane, George W. Norris, William J. Stone, and James K. Vardaman. Eight senators did not vote: John H. Bankhead, Nathan Goff, Thomas P. Gore, Henry F. Hollis, Francis G. Newlands, John Walter Smith, Charles S. Thomas, and Benjamin R. Tillman.
In the House the vote on the resolution was 373 to 50, with 9 not voting. The negative votes were cast by 32 Republicans, 16 Democrats, one Prohibitionist, Charles H. Randall, and one Socialist, Meyer London.
See also[edit]
- ^ http://www.nationalcenter.org/DeclarationofWWI.html Retrieved 2010-14-7
External links[edit]
- Map of Europe at the time of the US declaration of war at omniatlas.com
|This article relating to law in the United States, or its constituent jurisdictions is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.


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What I Wore: Red Shoes
Sunnies: Choies
Faux Fur Coat: New Look
Top: Primark
Faux Leather Trousers: H&M
Shoes: Primark
Yet another set of awkward picture. No joke, I used to be pro at taking selfies but these days I feel kind of really awkward. I never know what to do, should I smile? Stay serious? Be a Roman statue? I just really hope this was the last time I had to take my own 'what I wore' pictures. Grr.
You'll ♥
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Lana Del Rey's Third Album Is Called 'Honeymoon' And Sounds More Like 'Born To Die' And 'Paradise'
Lana Del Rey isn't wasting any time between albums! Ultraviolence, the gloomy diva's extremely underrated sophomore LP, was only released six months ago but


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Sweet Boy! Nikki is 11wks
Mother has been missing over a month, so He has been Bottle Fed Some. Loving Little Man Needing a Loving Home
Please Contact through the eBay classifieds sight. I am in Winter Garden Florida near Orlando
Sep 24 -
Orlando :
Winter Garden - Dogs & puppies
Beautiful male Puppy 9 weeks old.
Located in Winter Garden Florida
Please contact via classifieds Thank You
Jack Russell Puppies available Saturday 9/12/15. These little shorties are adorable. Mom is a petite short leg and Dad is a Rodeo Jack (Really short and stocky). All babies must find a new home. They have had their tails docked and will have all shots on Friday 9/11/15, come with health certifications. There is a $400 rehoming fee. Non-negotiable. I will only let these babies go to good homes ...
Sep 9 -
Daytona :
Palm Coast - Dogs & puppies
I'm looking for registered male Jack Russell preferable NKC register at the age two or four capable to breed welling to pay up to $300.00.Contact Ernest at 863-712-8928 cell or 863-266-2950 home.
Sep 2 -
Lakeland :
Lakeland - Dogs & puppies
Meet Sanna! Sanna is looking for her forever home. She was found on the street about two years ago and has come a long way. We were unable to find her previous owners. She is now finally ready to begin her life with a fur-ever family! She is spayed, and up to date on vaccines, heartworm/flea prevention and is microchipped. We believe her to be a Cattle Dog mixed possibly with Jack Russell. ...
Aug 7 -
Orlando :
Longwood - Dogs & puppies
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Explore pictures from this area and get impressions for your trip. Check out the top 12 photos from our Janghai slideshow below to get a view of what this places is like. Inform youself about this place before you start your travel.
To get to know more about this destination, check the Janghai guide. Upload your photos to panoramio and publish them together with the GPS coordinates to be featured here. Janghai in Uttar Pradesh (region) is a town in India - about 378 mi (or 608 km) South-East of New Delhi, the country's capital city.


text: My name is Alex, and I enjoy television. Not enough to watch it every single day and night, but I have a good eye for recognizing tropes. I add what I can when I find the time. I'm [[CanadaEh Canadian]].I have created the following pages:* VideoGame/AliceMadnessReturns* VideoGame/AlienIsolation* Film/AllThePresidentsMen* {{VideoGame/AMY}}* Series/ArchieBunkersPlace* Creator/ArtsAndCraftsProductions* BlackCaesar* BowlingForColumbine* BrokenSocialScene* CentralParkWest* {{Cloverfield}}* VideoGame/CoolBoarders* [[DaVincisInquest [=Da Vinci=]'s Inquest]]* VideoGame/DawnOfTheDragons* Series/TheDayOfTheTriffids* VideoGame/DeusExTheFall* [[VideoGame/DikembeMutombosFourAndAHalfWeeksToSaveTheWorld Dikembe Mutombo's 4 1/2 Weeks To Save The World]]* [[VideoGame/DoubleOhSevenLegends 007 Legends]]* {{Film/EDtv}}* {{Film/The Firm}}* Music/{{Hayden}}* HollywoodHomicide* JoanCrawford* Film/KillerElite* [[LagunaBeach Laguna Beach]] (The sheer idiocy of this show fascinates me)* VideoGame/LastDream* TheLittlestHobo* {{Music/Metric}}* Series/TheMortonDowneyJrShow* TheNewWKRPInCincinnati* ComicBook/NewXMen* Film/OurRobocopRemake* {{Film/Passchendaele}}* {{Pilotwings}}* [[Recap/BattlestarGalactica2003 Recap/BattlestarGalactica2003]] (S1 - S4; completed)* [[Recap/DeusEx Recap/DeusEx]] (ongoing)* [[Recap/FearTheWalkingDead Recap/FearTheWalkingDead]] (S1 -; ongoing* [[Recap/TheSopranos Recap/TheSopranos]] (S1 -; ongoing)* [[Recap/TheWalkingDead Recap/TheWalkingDead]] (S2 - ; ongoing)* RobocopPrimeDirectives* Creator/SammyDavisJr* VideoGame/{{Shifter}}* SiN* VideoGame/StarTrekTheVideoGame* StarWarsRebelAssault* [[Film/StateOfPlay State of Play (U.S.)]]* Series/TheStreet* [[ComicBook/SuperMetroid Super Metroid Comics]]* Creator/SydneyPollack* [[Film/TheTown The Town (2010)]]* Film/{{Tyson}}* VideoGame/WarlordsBattlecryI have contributed to (or heavily re-edited) the following articles:* VideoGame/CallOfDutyBlackOps2 (added a ton of examples)* [[DeletedScene Deleted Scene]] (reorganized all examples and sorted into categories)* [[GhostRecon Ghost Recon]] (added full section of examples on original and ''Advanced Warfighter'' series)* GoodWillHunting (doubled the number of examples; will add image in future)* [[KeepCirculatingTheTapes/LiveActionTV Keep Circulating The Tapes/Live Action TV]] (split it from main page due to size and re-edited)* [[MoneyDearBoy Money Dear Boy]] (reorganized page and sorted examples)* OtherCommonMusicVideoConcepts (added section on movie tie-in music videos)* {{Soldier}}: Major rewrite, doubled number of page examples* [[SystemShock System Shock]] (added many examples)* [[Wallbangers/StarTrekEnterprise Wallbangers/StarTrekEnterprise]] (separated into its own page)* TroubledProduction (reorganized Film subpage alphabetically)* VideoFullOfFilmClips (sectioned, re-organized, added tons of examples)* [[Series/WarOfTheWorlds War of The Worlds]] (added many examples)* [[TheWire The Wire]]: One of my favorite series (added examples)If there's one thing I hate, it's natter. Whenever I significantly re-edit a page, I try to remove as much of it as I can, because it is often not needed, and in many cases it results in a circular discussion that does nothing to improve the quality of the page. If you're planning to discuss an example or disagree with it, either re-edit the original entry or talk on the discussion page! Thank you!----


text:
DEFINITION of 'Operating Cash Flow - OCF'
Operating Cash Flow (or OCF) is a measure of the amount of cash generated by a company's normal business operations. Operating cash flow is important because it indicates whether a company is able to generate sufficient positive cash flow to maintain and grow its operations, or whether it may require external financing. OCF is calculated by adjusting net income for items such as depreciation, changes to accounts receivable and changes in inventory.
BREAKING DOWN 'Operating Cash Flow - OCF'
Financial analysts sometimes prefer to look at cash flow metrics because it strips away certain accounting effects and is thought to provide a clearer picture of the current reality of the business operations. For example, booking a large sale provides a big boost to revenue, but if the company is having a hard time collecting the cash, then it is not a true economic benefit to the company. On the other hand, a company may be highly profitable on a cash flow basis, but may not have a low net income if it has a lot of fixed assets and uses accelerated depreciation calculations.
Earnings Before Interest & Tax ...An indicator of a company's profitability, calculated as revenue ...
Operating MarginA ratio used to measure a company's pricing strategy and operating ...
Net Operating Income - NOIA company's operating income after operating expenses are deducted, ...
Operating Cash Flow MarginA measure of the money a company generates from its core operations ...
Operating ExpenseA category of expenditure that a business incurs as a result ...
Operating IncomeThe amount of profit realized from a business's operations after ...
Stock Analysis
The 3 Energy Stocks You'll Wish You Bought in 2015Learn about the energy sector and the types of companies that operate within the sector. Find out about some of the best-performing energy stocks in 2015.
Stock Analysis
The 4 Worst Financial Stocks of 2015Learn about the financial services sector and the types of companies within it. Understand the four worst performing financial stocks in 2015.
Stock Analysis
3 Stocks to Invest in the Oil Transportation IndustryLearn about the oil and gas transportation industry, and discover some of the best oil transportation stocks for investors to consider.
Fundamental Analysis
Analyze Cash Flow The Easy WayFind out how to analyze the way a company spends its money to determine whether there will be any money left for investors.
The Essentials Of Corporate Cash FlowTune out the accounting noise and see whether a company is generating the stuff it needs to sustain itself.
Operating Cash Flow: Better Than Net Income?Differences between accrual accounting and cash flows show why net income is easier to manipulate.
Fundamental Analysis
Taking Stock Of Discounted Cash FlowLearn how and why investors are using cash flow-based analysis to make judgments about company performance.
Cash Flow On Steroids: Why Companies CheatPressure to be the best can sometimes push corporations to cheat. Learn how they do it and how to spot it.
Bonds & Fixed Income
Equity Valuation In Good Times And BadLearn how to filter out the noise of the market place in order to find a solid way of determing a company's value.
Spotting Cash CowsWe show you why some of these companies stand apart from the herd.
Why is a company's Cash Flow from Financing (CFF) important to both investors and ...A company's cash flow from financing activities (CFF) is important to investors and creditors because it depicts how much ... Read Full Answer >>
What metrics are often used to evaluate companies in the drugs sector?Some of the equity valuation metrics that analysts and investors most commonly use to evaluate companies in the pharmaceutical ... Read Full Answer >>
What are some ratios I can use the operating cash flow ratio with?While many ratios incorporate a company's operating cash flow, the most important financial ratios that include it are the ... Read Full Answer >>
How is cash flow from operating activities calculated?Cash flow from operating activities can be calculated directly or indirectly. Either way, cash from operating activities ... Read Full Answer >>
How does Free Cash Flow to the Firm (FCFF) measure money, time, and risk?Free cash flow to the firm, or FCFF, measures money and time through the use of short- and long-term assets and earnings ... Read Full Answer >>
Why is EBITDA commonly used as a valuation metric for telecommunications companies?Earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization, or EBITDA, is a popular equity evaluation metric for analyzing ... Read Full Answer >>
How can I invest in the corporate bond market without a lot of money to invest?The major factors that drive share prices in the aerospace sector are bookings, deliveries, earnings, revenues, margins and ... Read Full Answer >>
What does the operating cash flow ratio measure?The operating cash flow ratio measures a company's ability to meet its short-term, or current, liabilities, also known as ... Read Full Answer >>
What is the difference between Operating Cash Flow and Net Operating Income (NOI)?Two metrics that investors look at in a company's financial statements are its net operating income and operating cash flow. ... Read Full Answer >>
Why do analysts look at operating cash flow?Analysts look at operating cash flow when considering the financial health of a business entity. Insufficient cash flow may ... Read Full Answer >>
Are taxes calculated in operating cash flow?Taxes are included in the calculations for the operating cash flow. Cash flow from operating activities is calculated by ... Read Full Answer >>
How do you calculate operating cash flow in Excel?Calculating free cash flow is useful for investors and lenders to evaluate the success of a company. To create an Excel spreadsheet ... Read Full Answer >>
What are some examples of how cash flows can be manipulated or distorted?When you review a company's balance sheet or income statement, you run into a breakdown of cash flow. Ostensibly, the cash ... Read Full Answer >>


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The Hunt for Two Young Boys Who Left on Vacation With Their Mother Last Summer
ABC News tracks down a mother in Slovakia as two fathers wait to be reunited with their sons.
Abducted Florida Boys 'Well Cared for on Their Journey'
Grandparents of Cole and Chase Hakken plan to shield them from further media coverage.
Abducted Florida Boys May Be in Cuba With Parents
Joshua Hakken, 35, is suspected of taking sons from grandparents' custody and fleeing on a sailboat.
2 Dads, 2 Lost Boys and the Search for Mom Who Took Them
Determined, Larry Hummel and Bob Pfeifer took the search into their own hands.
Young Boys Abducted by Their Own Mother
Act 1: A mother takes her two sons overseas and never returns, leaving the two dads desperate.
Dad Leads International Search for Abducted Sons
Act 2: Bob Pfeifer uses social media to discover where in the world his ex-wife and his son are.
Mom Explains Why She Never Came Back With Her Sons
Act 4: Maria Pfeifer says she loves her sons and is not scared to fight for them.
Two Fathers Finally Head Home
Act 5: After a judge decides their sons can go home with their dads, they go home to California.
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text:
Holiday Ice Rink | November 4, 2015 – January 3, 2016
Delighting families, couples and ice skating enthusiasts for over twenty-five years, the Holiday Ice Rink at Embarcadero Center presented by Hawaiian Airlines opens each winter for nine magical, fun-filled weeks. Get ready to skate under the sun and stars along the beautiful waterfront at the largest outdoor rink in San Francisco. This year's skating kicks off on November 4, 2015 and continues through January 3, 2016. Stay tuned for ticket information.
Free Holiday Parking | November 20, 2015 – December 24, 2015
Contact Information:
Phone: 415.837.1931
E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com
Justin Herman Plaza, adjacent to Four Embarcadero Center and across from the historic Ferry Building.
General Admission – $11
Children (7 & under) – $6
Skate Rental – $5
Group Rates
Mondays – Thursdays (pending availability)
15 or more – $1.00 discount per person
25 or more – $2.00 discount per person
75 or more – $2,250 single session, $3,950 double session (must rent entire rink and includes use of tent area) $1000 per session with use of tent without rental of entire rink.
Birthday Party Packages
$300.00 – Includes admission, skate rental for up to 10 people, decorated "party area", birthday cake, and soft drinks. (Guests in excess of 10 people, will be charged an additional $14.00 each.)
Hours of Operation:
November 4, 2015 – January 3, 2016
Open 10:00am – 9:30pm, Sunday-Thursday (open until 11:30pm on December 31)
Open 10:00am – 11:30pm, Friday and Saturday
90-minute sessions start at every even hour.
The Rink may be closed due to inclement weather or private-party bookings. For the most current information, call 415.837.1931.
More details to come…


text:
I am not really sure how to fill this out. I guess I could start out by saying I tend to be shy when I first meet people and it takes awhile for me to warm up to them. I was born and raised in Oklahoma so I love just about anything and everything outdoors. I'll Come back to this later.
Join OkCupid
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23 • Honolulu, HI • Man
I'm looking for
- Women
- Ages 18–25
- Near me
- Who are single
- For new friends, long-term dating, short-term dating
My details
- Last online
- Oct 19, 2013
- Orientation
- Straight
- Ethnicity
- White
- Status
- Single
- Height
- 6' 0" (1.83m)
- Body Type
- Athletic
- Smoking
- No
- Drinking
- Socially
- Drugs
- Never
- Religion
- Christianity
- Sign
- Aquarius
- Education
- High school
- Offspring
- Doesn't have kids
- Speaks
- English
My self-summary
Write a little about yourself. Just a paragraph will do.
What I'm doing with my life
Don't overthink this one; tell us what you're doing day-to-day.
I'm in the Navy as of now. When I get out I plan on going to college for nursing.
I'm really good at
Go on, brag a little (or a lot). We won't judge.
Doing stupid stuff with my friends.
The first things people usually notice about me
I'm an empty essay… fill me out!
It used to be my mustache, but now that it's gone I'm not sure.
Favorite books, movies, shows, music, and food
Help your potential matches find common interests.
There is way to much to put in here.
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Global warming, lunch, or your next vacation… it's all fair game.
How I could be a super hero.
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Celebrities, Fat People, Hotties, Media and Journalism, Movies, Quote of the Day
We Shouldn't Fixate On Body Image, Says Gorgeous 23-Year-Old Actress
An Oscar-winning actress has a few things to say about the beauty myth.
Andy Warhol Gives Everyone Their 15 Minutes In Court
Two lawsuits over Andy Warhol works manage to sum up the artist's legacy perfectly: glittering, drama-fueled celebrity and making way too much money out of the utterly mundane.
Inventors Will Lead the Legal Future not Licensees
David McCullough's The Wright Brothers serves as an ideal case study on the requirements to innovate; a desire to learn, perseverance, and work ethic. I read it in route to a wonderful opportunity to serve as visiting lecturer for Professor and Parsons Behle & Latimer attorney Randy Dryer's innovative Technology and Modern Litigation course at […]
Barack Obama, Drinking, Fashion, Money, Morning Docket, Movies, New Jersey
* New Jersey continues to mint lawyers despite terrible market conditions. Lat told me I should come up with a good Jersey joke. I said that was fairly well-worn territory and I would feel a bit like #498 at the Houston 500. Lat said, " " [The Star-Ledger]
* The Obama uncle we mentioned earlier this week? Obama's roommate before Harvard Law. Why won't Obama produce his rent deposit!? [CNN]
* The men who stole parts of the Porsche Paul Walker died in were arrested yesterday. They will be charged with felony grand theft, tampering with evidence, and living perhaps too fast… too curious? [TMZ]
* Regulators are having a tough time figuring out what to do with the burgeoning bitcoin market. Numismatists are equally puzzled by this rarest of rare coin markets. [New York Times]
* Jos. A. Bank, the most prestigious clothier in the United States and/or Canada, has been subpoenaed by the Ohio Attorney General. If the Ohio AG deposes one executive, he gets to depose three additional executives for free. [Washington Post]
* A Q&A with Nelson Mandela's lawyer. Very cool story, indeed, bro. [Aljazeera.com]
And as an added bonus, after the jump are pictures from last night's ATL holiday party…
Bloomberg, Career Alternatives, Minority Issues, Movies, Videos, YouTube
From Harvard Law School To A Career In Film
How can you break into the movie business? Here is one Harvard Law School graduate's story.
Law Schools, Movies, Non-Sequiturs, Technology, Television
* Paramount is flexing its legal muscles to stop producers from making a sequel to It's a Wonderful Life. Wait, Hollywood is trying to stop a mindless and unnecessary sequel? Where was this Paramount when they greenlit Kingdom of the Crystal Skull? [Indiewire]
* Are you a "young, outgoing lawyer[] and recent law school grad[]" looking for your big break? Because it looks like a TV show may want to talk to you. [Get Entry Level Attorney Jobs]
* Remember the woman who accused the Duke Lacrosse team of rape? She was convicted of second degree murder today. Yikes. [The Expert Institute]
* This is an awesome program: a number of lawyers are helping first responders prepare wills for free. [KEZI]
* Overzealous IT guy who tried to keep everyone at work locked out of the system because "he was the only person capable of running the network" is going to jail. If you've ever dealt with some form of this guy, this story is like a dream come true. [IT-Lex]
* A majority of students say that a two-year law school program would make them more likely to go to law school. This is the best argument against a two-year program ever. [Valley News Live]
* Full-time jobs will exceed the number of law school grads by 2016. Except this assumes the number of legal jobs holds steady, which is a hell of an assumption when demand for legal services is still in decline. [Tax Prof Blog]
* A company's lawyer had secret communications with a judge and ultimately secured a multimillion dollar verdict. The Mississippi Supreme Court frowned on that behavior. [Cleveland Plain-Dealer]
* For the 50th anniversary of the assassination of JFK by Fidel Castro the Mafia LBJ ALF Lee Harvey Oswald, here's a look at just how difficult it is to kill chief executives these days. [Vocativ]
Biglaw, Gender, Movies, New York Times, Quote of the Day, Women's Issues
Can Women Lawyers Have It All? Sure, But Not In Biglaw
These women were ready to conquer the world in Biglaw, but they reality stepped in.
Does The Law Have to Protect Wusses?
Should the NFL be subject to the same laws as any other business given its unique character?Does The Law Have to Protect Wusses? [ 17:00 ] Play Now | Play in Popup | Download
Biglaw, Movies, Partner Issues, Quote of the Day
Stop Calling Yourselves Associates, You're Really Just Slaves
Swing low, sweet Biglaw chariot.
Associate Advice, Copyright, Jersey Shore, Jury Duty, Law Schools, Lawrence Lessig, Movies, Non-Sequiturs, Television
* A California judge sentenced a man to 53 years in prison and then officiated his wedding. So she gave him 53 years followed by a life sentence? Hey ho! [CBS News]
* Jersey Shore's The Situation suffers the indignity of a legal defeat. I mean, if he has dignity left. [South Florida Lawyers]
* Who would make a better juror: a non-citizen or Charlie Sheen? I'd prefer to have Sheen… I don't know if there are many crimes he wouldn't understand. [The Atlantic]
* The results are in from Kaplan's just completed 2013 survey of law school admissions officers. The headline is that 54 percent of law school admissions officers report cutting their entering law school classes for 2013-2014 and 25 percent plan to do so again next year. Time to build another law school! [Kaplan Test Prep]
* A comprehensive list of the crimes committed by Batman in Batman Begins. And I'm not entirely sure everything he did in his hostile takeover of Wayne Enterprises was on the up-and-up either. [Salt Lake Tribune]
* Here's a list of online resources for new attorneys. Here's another helpful one. [Associate's Mind]
* An attorney bit his 3-year-old son. Hurray for bath salts! [KRQE]
* A record label threatened to sue a guy. Unfortunately for them they threatened to sue Professor Lawrence Lessig. [NPR]
* Student loan default rates are at the highest level in 20 years. Seems like a sustainable model. [Chronicle of Higher Education]
* The recycling of policy debaters into litigators brings good and bad habits to the legal profession. On the plus side, there's the refined research skills. On the other hand, stenographers have a hard time keeping up. [Houston Law Review]
* The new song "Lady Justice" by lawyer-artist DNA (featuring Zoha). He's already figured out that all the good songs these days have to be "featuring" someone. Song after the jump…
Lean Legal: Three Techniques for the Agile Lawyer
A growing number of attorneys are turning to a set of project management and process improvement techniques commonly known as "Agile."
Football, Movies, Music, Non-Sequiturs, Sex, Sex Scandals
* Update: Yesterday we reported about the California courts denying class certification in the Thomas Jefferson School of Law case. Apparently that was a tentative ruling and the parties have since had a lengthy argument in front of the judge. So there's still hope! [San Diego Courts]
* A Houston-area law grad is hoping to crowdfund her law school debt repayment. While that sounds annoying, instead of blaming her, let's blame Zach Braff for giving her the idea. Always blame Zach Braff. [Go Fund Me]
* Law school as explained by a bunch of GIFs from Titanic. They missed the one about the Captain looking hopelessly at the iceberg as metaphor for deans staring at employment statistics. [Buzzfeed]
* Could you charge Marty McFly in 1985 for things he did in 1885 since he knew they were going to be illegal 100 years later? [The Legal Geeks]
* The former chief legal counsel to the old governor of Missouri is accused of posting naked pictures of an ex-lover online. This continues today's theme of "Missouri lawyers that should know better." [Missouri Lawyers Weekly]
* More on the legal storm surrounding the Danzinger Bridge killings: veteran prosecutor Karla Dobinski self-reported her involvement in making online comments and is being investigated. Dobinski posted under the alias "Dispos," which means alcoholics. So someone might want to keep an eye on her drinking after she loses her job. [The Times-Picayune]
* M.I.A. has been largely MIA since the Super Bowl when she flipped off the masses. The NFL is suing her for $1.5 million for breach of contract and she refuses to pay, noting that the shameful display of the cheerleaders was far more offensive. [TMZ]
* An essayist wants to stop being judged because she doesn't have student loans. "I am responsible and fortunate for the resources I have." Totally. Except when you read the whole article you have to replace "I am" with "my parents." [Thought Catalog]
American Bar Association / ABA, Gender, Law Schools, Movies, Non-Sequiturs, Technology
* Congress could throttle tech innovation with two words. Thankfully, I don't think Congress knows any two words beyond "defund Obamacare." [Slate]
* The University of Washington was slapped with a $720,000 fine for withholding documents from a professor suing the school for gender discrimination. Every time something bad happens to the University of Washington, an angel gets its wings. Go Ducks! [Chronicle of Higher Education]
* The ABA has issued its draft report on the future of legal education. Highlights include recommending a 50% tuition cut. Ha! Just kidding. [Associate's Mind]
* Congress is targeting the people who are really making off like bandits: poor people on food stamps. But there's another link in the federal agriculture spending chain that might make more sense to target if you really wanted to save the government money. Silly me, budgetary discipline has nothing to do with budget cuts. [Volokh Conspiracy]
* Here are 15 things wrong with the criminal justice system. Only 15? [Boston Review]
* Lessons on the defense of others from Back to the Future. I'm still waiting for a legal analysis of buying plutonium from Libyans. Is that legal? I'm kind of fuzzy on that one. [The Legal Geeks]
Associate Advice, Jon Stewart, Movies, Non-Sequiturs, Patents, Prisons, Privacy, SCOTUS, Supreme Court
* Overrated: Government surveillance is out of control. Underrated: Government spending massive amounts of money making the Army's Intelligence and Security Command look like the set of Star Trek: The Next Generation is out of control. [Lowering the Bar]
* Helen Wan explains "The 5 Rules Every New Associate Must Know." Not included: learning all the technical details required to convincingly say your smartphone failed to get that 1 a.m. message. [The Careerist]
* Another post in the fascinating series about creating visual maps of Supreme Court doctrine. It's like a nerdier version of the The Atlas of Middle-Earth(affiliate link). [PrawfsBlawg]
* Ilya Somin reviews the Supreme Court's most recent Takings Clause jurisprudence. It's a lot harder for the government to take your property away. But don't worry, it's still really easy to lose all your property to unregulated markets. [The Volokh Conspiracy]
* The Office of the Solicitor General may have inadvertently helped out Frederick Oberlander and Richard Lerner, the two lawyers charged with criminal contempt for talking about a cooperator's sentence (if you can call a $25,000 fine for admitting to a $40 million fraud a "sentence") that the feds claim was sealed. [Wise Law NY]
* A somewhat sad art show based on requests from prisoners in solitary. Some beautiful stuff here. Though I'd have expected more "Rita Hayworth" photo requests. [Gawker]
* The Daily Show takes on biotech patents. Video after the jump…
Baseball, Constitutional Law, Federal Circuit, Google / Search Engines, Movies, Non-Sequiturs, Patents, Richard Posner, Securities and Exchange Commission, Technology, Television, Women's Issues
* The hits keep on coming for Curt Schilling. Now the SEC has woken up and decided to probe the $75 million he secured from the state of Rhode Island (already the subject of another suit). Maybe he can fake another bloody sock to generate some sympathy. [Bloomberg]
* Apple sold a "Season Pass" to Breaking Bad Season 5 and then refused to honor the second half of the season to its subscribers, prompting an Ohio doctor to file suit for $20, with hopes of building a class action. Look, Apple needed that money; Tim Cook is desperate these days. [Deadline: Hollywood]
* Speaking of Apple, the Federal Circuit looks like it's going to give Apple another crack at its claim that Google ripped off the iPhone patents, citing "significant" errors on the part of the last judge to rule on the dispute: Richard Posner. You come at the king, you best not miss. [Wall Street Journal]
* And last, but definitely not least, Apple's new fingerprint ID will be the death of the Fifth Amendment. Discuss. [Wired]
* A film chock-full of unsanctioned footage and insulting knocks on Disney has been picked up for distribution. This is your official warning that it's time to prepare the beauty pageant pitch for the Disney execs. [Grantland]
* Elie smash, Charlotte Law School. [NPR Charlotte]
* The International Association of Young Lawyers conference will feature a speed dating session (on page 6). Really hard-hitting program there. [International Association of Young Lawyers]
* Congratulations to the 49 firms honored for meeting all of WILEF's criteria for Gold Standard certification at today's awards gala! [Women in Law Empowerment Forum]
The Famous Lawyer Who Never Existed
This star attorney's autobiography was hailed by the New York Times and the Washington Post; too bad he never really existed….
Craigslist, Defamation, Eminent Domain, Facebook, Free Speech, Job Searches, Jury Duty, Movies, Non-Sequiturs, Technology, Trusts and Estates, Twittering
* The Washington Post's website was hacked by supporters of Syrian President Bashar al-Assad in what was apparently supposed to be a coordinated attack on Western media outlets. This marks the second time in 10 days that the Post has been brutally taken over by Internet geeks. [Washington Post]
* An 18-year-old girl took to Facebook to suggest that a 15-year-old girl has herpes. She was convicted of harassment. Putting aside all the hand-wringing over cyberbullying and the First Amendment, what kind of loser Senior is feeling threatened by a Sophomore? [IT-Lex]
* New Mexico's Supreme Court would like to remind everybody that "not speaking English" is not an acceptable method of escaping jury duty. So stop practicing Klingon to get out of your jury summons. [FedSoc Blog]
* The Eminent Domain issues surrounding building a giant wall to keep out the giant inter-dimensional monsters from Pacific Rim. I'll be damned if they obstruct the view from my beach house just because a 10-story hellbeast is sauntering out of the water! [Law and the Multiverse]
* Screwing around on a laptop during class can lead to as much as an 11 percent decline in attentiveness. It was so much easier to pay attention when we just had pen and paper and spent the whole class playing Dots and Boxes. [PrawfsBlawg]
* Mississippi police are on the hunt for someone managing a parody Twitter account mocking a couple of local politicians. Congratulations Mississippi! You've solved all the other crime problems and can turn to stroking the egos of butthurt politicians. [The Daily Dolt]
* Are you interested in being a trusts & estates lawyer in the Bay Area? Are you interested in making about $5/hr? Then we've got the firm for you! Screenshot after the jump in case this link gets taken down…
Bar Exams, Basketball, Craigslist, iPhone, Movies, Non-Sequiturs, Technology, Trademarks, Video games
* Zynga is suing the makers of Bang With Friends alleging that the latter chose its name to take advantage of market confusion with Words With Friends. To remedy the suit, the app is considering a name change to "Bangville" which actually works better because Bang With Friends is all about pathetically bothering everyone on Facebook to give you something you can't go out and get yourself. [BBC]
* Ariel Castro gave some testimony. It was crazy. Enjoy! [Jezebel]
* A comprehensive legal analysis of Better Off Dead. Spoiler alert: the Paperboy was a penal code violating machine. [The Legal Geeks]
* 10 Things Only Someone Who's Taken the Bar Exam Would Know [Policy Mic]
* Just where is the FISA Court? 10 points to Gryffindor for the "Room of Requirement" reference. [Konklone]
* The NBA luxury tax is supposed to help parity. So why doesn't it? [The Legal Blitz]
* Brutally honest Craigslist ad for temp document review work. This will probably come down at some point, so the ad is reproduced after the jump…
Bloomberg, Law Professors, Law Schools, Movies, Videos, YouTube
The Paper Chase — The Law School Movie Without Reese Witherspoon — Turns 40
9 (or more) things you don't know about The Paper Chase.
Gender, Movies, Non-Sequiturs, O.J. Simpson, Patents, SCOTUS, Supreme Court
* The Zimmerman verdict allows us to sit back and reflect on how bad Atticus Finch really was at his job. [Criminal Defense Blog]
* In case you'd forgotten about the shenanigans at Louisville's Brandeis School of Law, here's your update: a former employee has been charged for promising students more scholarships than the school had. Rick Pitino needs to show the law school how to work within scholarship limits. [Courier-Journal]
* State licensing boards are trying to put the kibosh on advice columnists. Next thing you know, they'll be trying to shut down Dr. Demento. [Lexington Herald-Leader]
* Fun with patents: Monkey Dog Saddle! [Lowering the Bar]
* Transgendered workers are successfully challenging workplace discrimination using the Civil Rights Act. These sound like cases Justice Alito will get right on overturning. [Buzzfeed]
* McDonald's is trying to show how it provides its employees a living wage. It just requires working a second job for a total of between 62-74 hours. No biggie. [Lawyers, Guns & Money]


text:
Lee Montgomery
|Lee Montgomery
November 3, 1961
Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
Lee Harcourt Montgomery (born November 3, 1961) was a child actor in the 1970s, best known for his role as a lonely little boy who befriends a pack of killer rats in the film Ben (1972).
Brother of actresses Belinda Montgomery and Tannis G. Montgomery, Montgomery began his career as a model before venturing into the acting business. He made his debut in the Disney film The Million Dollar Duck in 1971, before landing a starring role in Ben (1972), the sequel to Willard (1971). He made appearances on television series such as Mod Squad, Columbo, Kojak, Adam-12, Emergency!, and The Mary Tyler Moore Show. He also acted in an infamous incest-themed film by George C. Scott called The Savage Is Loose, and in a cult horror film with Oliver Reed, Karen Black, and Bette Davis called Burnt Offerings.
In the 1980s, he made more cameo appearances such as CHiPs, Family Ties and Dallas, and he made a transition to adult roles in films such as Split Image (1982) with Peter Fonda, Night Shadows (1984) with Wings Hauser, and Into the Fire (1988) co-starring Susan Anspach. One of his best known later roles was his portrayal of Jeff Malene in the teen comedy Girls Just Want to Have Fun (1985), alongside Sarah Jessica Parker, Helen Hunt, and Shannen Doherty.
Montgomery also did an after-school special called Hear Me Cry (1984) (TV) with Robert MacNaughton of E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial. The story revolves around two students with nothing in common beyond a mutual suicide fantasy.
After Hollywood[edit]
Since more or less of dropping out of the limelight, Montgomery pursued his other interests, such as music related projects, where he composed the soundtrack for the film Trigon: The Legend of Pelgidium (2000).
- 1988: Into the Fire .... Wade Burnett
- 1985: The Midnight Hour (TV movie) .... Phil Grenville
- 1985: Prime Risk .... Michael Fox
- 1985: Girls Just Want to Have Fun .... Jeff Malene
- 1984: Mutant .... Mike Cameron
- 1983: Happy Endings (TV movie) .... Jimmy Bartlett
- 1983: Hotel (TV) .... Eric Stevens
- 1982: Split Image .... Walter
- 1978: True Grit: A Further Adventure (TV movie) .... Daniel Sumner
- 1977: Dead of Night (TV movie) .... Bobby
- 1976: Baker's Hawk .... Billy Baker
- 1976: Burnt Offerings .... David 'Davey' Rolf
- 1975: Man on the Outside (TV movie) .... Mark Griffin
- 1974: The Savage Is Loose .... Young David
- 1974: Doctor Dan (TV movie) .... Jimmy Wallace
- 1974: A Cry in the Wilderness (TV movie) .... Gus Hadley
- 1974: Columbo: Mind Over Mayhem (TV movie) .... Steve Spelberg
- 1973: Runaway! (TV movie) .... Mark Shedd
- 1973: Female Artillery (TV movie) .... Brian Townsend
- 1972: Pete 'n' Tillie .... Robbie
- 1972: Ben .... Danny Garrison
- 1971: The Harness (TV movie) .... Tor Shagaras
- 1971: The Million Dollar Duck .... Jimmy Dooley
1974: Adam 12, 'camp'
External links[edit]