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Mt Roraima: "I could hardly imagine how we came all this way"
Caribbean Beat editor Nicholas Laughlin on his trek to Mt Roraima, his most memorable trip in a decade of travel.
Caribbean Beat editor Nicholas Laughlin on his trek to Mt Roraima, his most memorable trip in a decade of travel.
Coming events around the islands.
Not only does recycling have a positive impact on the environment, it can become a profitable business venture. Mark Wilson looks at some Caribbean businesses seeking to do both.
New and recent books about the Caribbean.
With their 741-foot drop over a sandstone plateau, the majestic Kaieteur Falls are an icon of Guyana, and a must-see for adventure travellers. But while most visitors hop down on an airborne day-trip, a lucky few get to experience this natural wonder the old-fashioned way, travelling by boat up the Potaro River. Nicholas Laughlin recounts the journey, and the falls' magnetic attraction.
The politics behind Trinidad's Good Friday bobolees, Guyana's Rupununi Rodeo, and the wrongs and rights of Jamaica Carnival.
Bordered by Venezuela, Brazil and Suriname, Guyana is the only English- speaking country on the South American continent. This is a land of massive rivers and waterfalls, dense rainforest and mountains, an eco-traveller's paradise. And there's bargain shopping too: wicker furniture, gold jewellery, hardwood household articles and lots of collectible antique bottles.
Across the Caribbean, the freshest produce, best bargains, and often the friendliest advice can still be found at traditional markets. Here are six worth exploring, ranging from Dominica to Curaçao to French Guiana.
The Guyanese advocacy group Red Thread began in 1986 to help women at a time of economic problems. Thirty years later, the collective is a major force in the region advocating for the rights of women and young people. Lisa Allen-Agostini talks to co-founder Karen de Souza and learns about the power of grassroots activism.
Garry Steckles previews the 2014 Caribbean Premier League Twenty20 cricket tournament, which starts sports lovers' pulses racing in July.


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BLV by Bulgari is fresh and elegant. just fantastic feelings will wrap you. the Ginger-Tobacco-Musk scaling combination is elegant.
01st March, 2006
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More New and Used
from Private Sellers
The American Arts and Crafts Movementby Sheen, Barbara
Greenhaven Pr
Questions About This Book?
What version or edition is this?
This is the edition with a publication date of 9/13/2013.
What is included with this book?
- The New copy of this book will include any supplemental materials advertised. Please check the title of the book to determine if it should include any CDs, lab manuals, study guides, etc.


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All Android applications categories
All Android games categories
by: DLB Apps | 1
A useful guide for the latest up-to-date walkthroughs and video guides for all the Angry Birds Seasons Levels. Check back for new levels and updates coming soon!
Featuring complete 3-star walkthroughs for all of the following updates:
Seasons 2011
-Trick or Treat
-Season's Greedings
-Hogs and Kisses
-Go Green, Get Lucky
-Easter Eggs
-Summer Pignic
-Moon Festival
Seasons 2012
-Wreck the Halls
-Year of the Dragon
-Cherry Blossom
Now with soundboard featuring many of the Seasons theme songs!
Game guide updates coming soon for all Angry Birds games (original, Seasons, Rio and Space!)
Tags: angry birds seasons 2011 , all angry birds seasons songs 2011 , angry birds seasons theme song juegos
from 1 reviews


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Why Should Christians Care about the G8?
Why Should Christians Care about the G8?
332 results for 'france'. Showing results 181 - 198
Why Should Christians Care about the G8?
Europe's Bleak Economy Spawns 'Lost Generation'
Europe's Climate Change Alarmism a Religious Belief?
Skeptics believe the alarmist view on climate change is like a religious cult. Europe's belief in a coming climate...
CBN News Mideast Bureau Chief Chris Mitchell takes a look at the Jewish school shooting in France that's raising...
Jewish Community Unites After School Shooting
Islamic Suspect Killed in Standoff with French Police
Gun from Jewish School Shooting Linked to Other Attacks
Basketball Opens Doors to Minister to Africa Youth
On Monday's CBN Newswatch: New concerns about the cost of Obama's health care law, GOP candidates ready for battle...
Stakelbeck on Terror: Fighting the 'Blame Israel First' Crowd
Stakelbeck on Terror: Allen West Takes on Jihad
US Protests Assad by Closing Embassy in Damascus
Russia Balks at UN Resolution on Syrian Fighting
One Person Killed as Dakar Protests Turn Violent
UN Inspectors Want to Visit Iran Military Complex
Eurozone Downgrade Barely Fazes Markets
S&P Threatens to Downgrade Eurozone Countries


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How long have you been on DeviantArt? - 5 years from June 16th, 2010!
What does your username mean? - It has multiple meanings that I leave for other people to interpret, but the actual 'true' answer goes way back to the start of my active-ness on the internet. Now, it's a bit embarrassing, but my first OTP was Jigglypuff x Meta Knight in SSBB. I loved reading fanfiction about the pairing, and usually people called Jiggly by her japanese name, Purin. A lot of the fanfics were about MK being a vampire, so you can see where the blood part came from. It's true meaning is 'Jigglypuff's Pure Blood'.
Describe yourself in three words. - Loud, stubborn, loyal. Are you left or right handed? - Right handed!
What was your first deviation? - Oh my word. I don't think I even have it anymore, so i'll tell you what it was. It was a (quite terrible) drawing of Shadow the Hedgehog. I say quite terrible because I came onto dA with no drawing skills whatsoever.
What is your favourite type of art to create? - I love to draw fanart, and my own characters too!
If you could instantly master a different art style, what would it be? - GRAFFITI. I would love to learn how to either do actual graffiti, or draw in a way that reflects it, kinda like Jet Set Radio's art style!
What was your first favourite? - According to my favorites... This was. D'aww. It was fanart my friend NAMINEM drew for me back when I was writing fanfiction. Even though i've burned all copies of that fanfiction and will never look back, I still cherish the fanart i received, and always will! <3
What type of art do you tend to favourite the most? - Mostly fanart!
Who is your all-time favourite deviant artist? - I don't have an all time favorite, but all of my close friends here on dA are my favorites! I wouldn't be watching them if I didn't like their art/writing!
If you could meet anyone on DeviantArt in person, who would it be? - Anyone, really! I would love to meet any of my friends here!
How has a fellow deviant impacted your life? - Two deviants in particular took me in when I had no drawing experience and taught me a bunch of the basics on how to draw! Once they realized I wasn't a troll, that is, hah.
What are your preferred tools to create art? - If it's digital, my tablet. I use two programs, Firealpaca and Paint Tool SAI! If it's traditional, i'll use a pencil to sketch, inking pens to line, and either colored pencil or markers to color in. :> Unfortunately I don't have a working scanner anymore, so I can't post my traditional art, but I still do it!
What is the most inspirational place for you to create art? - I'm not inspired by a particular place, but i'm usually inspired from friends, or music/tv shows!
What is your favourite DeviantArt memory? - Hmm, I have a lot of dA memories, too many to choose a favorite from, but my recent reaching of 5 years here made me realize just how far i've come, and how far I still have yet to go!


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A few years back, when Natasha Henstridge started having kids, she made the decision to stop pursuing that perfect body we all remember from back in her SPECIES days. Being a wife and mother was apparently more important to her than maintaining a perfectly flat stomach and tight ass. The effect there is somewhat startling when you remember the Natasha that was.
It is kind of rare to see hotties of Natasha's quality decide to let themselves go. Though I can't blame her for doing it. Just trying to maintain my extremely modest workout regimen is a gigantic pain in the ass. It's gotta be 10 times as bad to maintain a body like the one Natasha of old had. I'd probably end up abandoning that shit too. It doesn't matter anyway, as I'd still hit that. She's not so far gone that the prospect of banging Sil doesn't still sound really hot to me.
Click on each photo to enlarge!


text: Run the trails in confidence in the New Balance Men's 411 Trail Running Shoes, which feature leather and mesh uppers that provide support and breathability. Rubber outsoles offer great traction on multiple surfaces, while EVA midsoles and foam insoles offer a comfortable, cushioned ride. Lace closures. 11.9 oz. per shoe.


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waste bags Companies in Slovakia
Category: Waste & Recycling ×
Subcategory: Waste Management ×
Keyword: ×
Location: Europe ×
Location: Slovakia ×
BioBag International AS
based in Askim, NORWAY
BioBag International AS (BioBag hereafter) is a world-leading company in the development, production, and marketing of certified compostable and biodegradable products. We have a worldwide network of sales and production partners. BioBag's compostable and biodegradable product range is the most comprehensive and extensive in the market. Our main goals combine ...
based in Sant Joan Despí, SPAIN
Tradebe is a multi-national specialist waste management treatment company. Tradebe is one of the leading companies in industrial waste management in Spain with a strong presence in the USA, UK and with subsidiaries in France and Turkey. In 2012 sales were around 350 million Euros in the environmental area, distributed by country as follows: Spain 35%, United Kingdom 30%, ...
Sebright Products, Inc.
based in Hopkins, MICHIGAN (USA)
Sebright Products, Inc. has been designing, manufacturing, installing and servicing waste compaction equipment. Founded in 1978 and Incorporated in 1984 by Brent Sebright, President and Lee Murray, Vice President, in Hopkins, Michigan, our dedication to manufacturing the highest quality industrial equipment in the industry has earned Sebright Products the reputation of ...
Vileda Professional
based in Weinheim, GERMANY
Vileda Professional offers cleaning solutions and innovative systems for professional users. With over 30 years in the business we know what needs professional users in different environments are looking for, and we offer solutions that help you clean faster, more effective and to lower total costs. Founded in 1849, the Freudenberg group is today a diversified family ...
Environmental Academy Ltd
based in Gateshead, UNITED KINGDOM
The Environmental Academy is a centre of excellence for training courses and consultancy services. We are a multi-disciplinary consultancy and training company - providing environmental awareness management training including consultancy and implementation of ISO14001, ecological services, water and air quality management.We offer online training courses on various ...
Vac-Tron Equipment
based in Okahumpka, FLORIDA (USA)
Vac-Tron Equipment is a pioneer and leading manufacturer of portable-trailer mounted industrial vacuum equipment. Vac-Tron Equipment is available in more than 30 configurations with dozens of wet and dry industrial, private and municipal uses including physical location of underground utility lines using vacuum, industrial clean-up, man-hole, lateral and storm drain ...
HSM GmbH + Co. KG
based in Frickingen, GERMANY
HSM – Cutting. Shredding. Compressing. Since 1971, HSM has been pursuing a clear strategy – a consistent commitment to quality "Made in Germany". This product and service quality is the key to success in both the office technology and environmental technology business sectors. As a specialist for products and services for data protection as well as technologies for ...
EcoNord Ltd
based in Basildon, UNITED KINGDOM
EcoNord specialises in the design, production and sales of environmental friendly equipment and data systems for the waste management industry. Our philosophy is to combine intelligence and ergonomic design to provide solutions that support sustainable growth and improve workers safety. The core products are highly efficient bin-lift systems for refuse collection ...
BRT Recycling Technologie GmbH
based in Ibbenburen, GERMANY
BRT belongs to the leading companies in the field of sorting and recycling technologies worldwide. With the proven products SCHLITZ-O-MAT Bag Opener, SEP-O-MAT Paper Sorting Systems, CARG-O-MAT Moving Floor Conveyors, DOS-O-MAT Feed and Metering Hoppers, SORT-O-MAT Ballistic Separator, PERF-O-MAT Perforators for plastic containers and BAL-O-MAT Bale Breakers BRT provides ...
based in Dour, BELGIUM
Since 1961 the MENART company has been developing and building innovative machines, equipment and installations for professionals working in the environment field: recycling, composting and so on. MENART produces highly efficient and reliable machines: hammer shredders for wood and green waste, windrow turners for compost, earth, etc. rotary turners, sorting units, ...


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I´m looking for somebody to translate the content of a website from Spanish into English.
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No. Words: Approximately 3.500
If you are interested please send me a quotation and delivery time. Of course, samples and portfolios are welcome as well.
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Display caption
Joseph Farington is especially remembered today for his Diaries, which provide a remarkable insight into artistic life in London between 1793 and 1821. A pupil of the landscape painter Richard Wilson, Farington chose to specialise in topography. He was a prolific draughtsman and favoured an intricate drawing style derived from the Venetian artist Canaletto, characterised by short, broken pencil strokes resembling dots and dashes, visible here under the washes of colour. This sketchbook was almost certainly used by Farington on a tour to the West Midlands in 1789. In this study he has used ruled pencil lines to help him draw in correct prespective. The lines meet at a point on the right-hand pinnacle of the cathedral's east end.
September 2004


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My son is 7, in second grade. He was just diagnosed last week with aspergers with oppositional defiance disorder and sensory processing disorder. He is EXTREMELY high functioning. Up until this year I had homeschooled him but this year we put him in a very small university model private school. (university model means he goes to school 3 days a week and then we have homestudy the other two days.) The school administrators and teachers have been GREAT in dealing with Logan and working with us and DS says he likes school. The problem is that he is repeatedly hurting or at least touching other kids. I get a call every week. So far he's scratched the same boy 3 times (they are now not allowed to sit next to each other any more which breaks my heart bc they were friends, DS scratches bc he's trying to play, not to try and hurt the kid). Then once, he splashed water in a kids face while they were washing their hands in the bathroom. Then today I just got a call that he punched a kid in the face while in line for the water fountain bc the kid cut in front of him in line. (When asked DS lied and said the kids pushed him down, pulled his hair, and kicked him). I'm 99% sure that's a lie.
The principal said if he puts his hands on another kid today I'll have to come pick him up for the rest of the day.
Can anyone relate. Any ideas for how to get him to stop putting his hands on other kids? Since we just got our diagnosis last week, none of our therapies have started yet, I'm still waiting for the official write up and referrals for treatment plans.


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After One-year Break, Weekly Protests to Resume in East Jerusalem's Sheikh Jarrah
Activists to demonstrate Friday ahead of Supreme Court's hearing of a Palestinian family's appeal against its eviction.
Demonstrations against the eviction of Palestinian families living in the East Jerusalem neighborhood of Sheikh Jarrah are set to resume Friday, ahead of the scheduled hearing on Monday by the Israeli Supreme Court of an appeal by the Shamasneh family over their eviction.
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Love and Other Games is a collection of four sexy New Adult stories centered around athletes competing in the Winter Games by Ana Blaze, Melinda Dozier, Aria Kane, and Kara Leigh Miller. It releases October 1st from Swoon Romance in all major electronic formats. Worth More Than Gold by Ana Blaze Amy Pierce, the klutzy sister and manager of America's Skating Sweetheart, is used to being invisible. But when a friend drags her to a party near the Olympic Village, Amy catches the eye of a sexy Norwegian ski jumper. It's a magical night, but an awkward next morning has her running. Everyone knows Erik Andresen's best shot at an individual medal was back in 2010, before an… Read more »
Cover Love: Watercolor
In Dragonfly, they were friends who shared a growing attraction… In Undertow, her heart was broken and he was waiting to pick up the pieces… In Watercolor, Anna & Julian say Yes. But the past and its secrets are creeping closer… Book #3 in the Dragonfly series: Watercolor, coming Oct. 3! Need to catch up? Get Dragonfly for only #99CENTS, Aug. 21-25! Add it on Goodreads today! Watercolor by Leigh Talbert Moore Finishing senior year is supposed to be the best time in a person's life. Finishing senior year as Julian's girlfriend should've been the icing on the cake. Knowing the secret that could change everything for him is the only thing threatening to spoil it all. Until Jack returns. Anna and Julian are together at last, and it's as hot and happy as… Read more »
Cover Love: Pulling Me Under
Title: Pulling Me Under Author: Rebecca Berto Series: Pulling Me Under #1 Age group: Adult Genre: Women's Fiction with crossover with Suspense Publication date: October 2013 Paul was Katie's rock for thirteen years, but then she watched him die. By day, she is left with her daughter Ella's questions about where Daddy went, and at night she's consumed with nightmares of the moment he died. It isn't long before Katie's mother hints that her volatile lifestyle and developing drinking habits are no way to raise a little girl. Through it all, her and Paul's best friend, Liam is there. Grieving the death of both husband and friend, the time they spend together seems more intimate these days, and Katie… Read more »
Breaking the Reins is live!
It's here! It's here! IT'S FREAKING HERE! You guys have no idea how happy I am to announce that Breaking the Reins is live! Purchase links: Amazon US | Amazon UK | Barnes&Noble | Apple | Kobo Genre: NA contemporary romance Word Count: ~100,000 Release date: August/12/2013 Cover by: Sarah Hansen (Okay Creations) Horses, mansions, tea parties, and lies are twenty-year-old Hannah Taylor's life. To others, her family and her relationship with Eric is perfect. But she knows the truth. She lives it. After a fire takes her grandma's life and kills her horse, Hannah's immaculate life spirals out of control. Her father disapproves of her decision to run her grandma's ranch instead of focusing solely on learning the family business; Animal Control brings her Argus, a mistreated horse that she can't turn away… Read more »
Release Day: Strength
Happy Release Day, Carrie! Title: Strength Series: Mark of Nexus – Book 1Category: New Adult (NA) Genre: Paranormal Romance (PNR) Release Date: August 19 2013 When college student Rena Collins finds herself nose-to-chest with the campus outcast, her rumor-laced notions are shattered. Handsome, considerate, and seemingly sane, Wallace Blake doesn't look like he spends his nights alone, screaming and banging on the walls of his dorm room. Hell, he doesn't look like he spends his nights alone, period. Too curious for her own good, Rena vows to uncover the truth behind Wallace's madman reputation—and how two seconds of contact had left her with bruises. Of course, there are a few minor setbacks along the way: guilt, admiration, feelings of the warm and… Read more »
A Day in the Life: Lisa Swallow
Miss Dawn Pendleton came up with a cool Q&A for authors. She posts them once a week on her blog and I'm taking part on it. I'll be posting the Q&A here every Saturday. Today is Lisa Swallow's turn! Lisa is an author of New Adult romances and lives in Perth, Western Australia. The first in her paranormal romance series, Soul Ties, will be published in August by Limitless Publishing. Originally from the UK, Lisa lived for a few years in the north of England, before emigrating to Australia in 2001. She finds the big blue skies of Perth a lot less suited to writing paranormal fiction than the Yorkshire moors. Links: Blog: www.lisaswallow.net Facebook: www.facebook.com/lisaswallowbooks Twitter: @lisa_swallow_au Cheers,
My Books: Playing Pretend
About two years ago, I started writing a novella about a girl and a guy who meet on Spring Break. It was fun and sexy, but I had never invested much time on it. I didn't even have a title for it. This year, I resurrected that story and quickly plot it out so it would grown from a novella to a short novel. It seems to have worked. I sent the first 24k words to two friends–they read it and they loved it and they asked for more asap. After talking to them, I came up with a title: Playing Pretend. So, after I finish writing Soul Oath (Everlast #2), I'll finish writing Playing Pretend. If everything works out,… Read more »
Release Blitz: Out from Under You
Genre: New Adult Romance Series: Smart Girls Finish First #1 "Love is an earthquake. It comes when you least expect it. It rips the ground clear away. Right out from under you." The day Lia Smart met Grayson Walker, eight years ago, was the day she fell helplessly in love with him. Coincidentally, it was the same day Grayson fell in love with someone else: Lia's smarter, sexier, superior-in-every-way older sister, Alex. Now, nearly a decade later, Alex and Grayson are long over and twenty-two-year-old Lia has finally managed to forget all those lonely nights she spent pining after her sister's boyfriend. But when Grayson unexpectedly arrives back in town with Alex for Labor Day weekend and the two… Read more »


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Data Breaches
As data breaches hit the news almost daily, incident response solutions are 'likely to evolve and grow,' according to Gartner.
Resilient Systems Steps Up Partner Program To Meet Growing Demand For Incident Response PlatformResilient Systems is investing big in expanding its partner program, both through recruiting and investing in current partners.
Verizon 2015 Security Report Names Top 3 Verticals For Data BreachesVerizon's Bhavesh Chauhan describes why the public sector, financial services and information technology segments are top targets.
Verizon 2015 Data Breach Report: Phishing Still DominatesVerizon Principal Client Partner Bhavesh Chauhan explains why phishing remains an effective attack mechanism.
Experian Breach Exposes Info Of 15M T-Mobile Customers; Partners Not AffectedAn Experian breach announced late Thursday exposed the personal information of more than 15 million T-Mobile customers who were using the company's credit services, though a company spokesperson told CRN that partners were not affected by the incident.
Deloitte Recommends Remedy To Security 'Catch-Up' GameDeloitte's Emily Mossburg explains why it seems like enterprises are constantly chasing after new threats.
Deloitte Challenges The Perception Of SecurityDeloitte Principal Emily Mossburg talks about why we're never really 'done' with security.
Rackspace Introduces Managed Security, Compliance ServicesThe cloud provider will manage a security stack built from best-of-breed technologies and is talking with security-focused partners to figure out ways to leverage the offerings to tap new customers.
Partners: Hilton Data Breach Shows Retail Still Needs To Get Back To Security BasicsAs yet another data breach hits retail, this time at the Hilton Hotel chain, solution providers said it shows the need for businesses to make sure they have their basics down when it comes to security.
Partners Unfazed By Widespread Malware Attack On Apple Mobile AppsApple faced its first large-scale security breach of at least three dozen Chinese-based apps in its iOS App Store on Sunday through malware called XcodeGhost, according to Palo Alto Networks.
Summer Of Security: 15 Hot Startups That Reeled In FundingSince June, VCs have poured millions of dollars at a time into security startups that are working to revolutionize the way businesses approach security.
Top 5 Best-Selling Security Appliances In Q2 2015Which five vendors led the pack when it came to worldwide security appliance sales in the second quarter? Take a look at the IDC ranking.
Security Expert: Cybercrime Dangers Multiplying With Rise Of IoT, AutomationBad actors are using innovation against us, leveraging technology to move from individual acts of robbery to hacks involving billions of dollars and hundreds of millions of victims, said global security adviser Marc Goodman.
5 Ways OPM Is Still Struggling To Clean Up After Massive BreachJust a few months after it was hit with a massive data breach, the Office of Personnel Management is still struggling with the cleanup, according to the Inspector General. Here are insights into what an organization should and shouldn't do.
Excellus Blue Cross Blue Shield Breach Yet Another Sign To Step Up Health-Care Security InvestmentIf health-care businesses managed to ignore the Anthem, Premera, CareFirst and other industry breaches earlier this year, security experts said they hope the Excellus Blue Cross Blue Shield breach this week helps perk up their ears to the importance of security investments in health care.
VMware Touts NSX Software-Defined Networking As Linchpin For Enterprise Security, Hybrid CloudsVMware is pushing hard in the network security and hybrid cloud, and it's heavily promoting NSX software-defined network as a technology that can hit both targets.
Dell Data Protection Pivots To Channel Amid 'Triple-Digit' GrowthDell Data Security Solutions has become the fastest-growing product line in the company, cracking open a huge opportunity for channel partners, the company said.
The Art Of Deception: New Class Of Security Startups Use Decoys To Disrupt A Hacker's MovementBecause so-called deception technology is another layer on top of existing network security, it is a huge opportunity for solution providers to bring added value to their customers.
AppSense Steps Up Its Endpoint Security Game With Increased R&D, Partner TrainingAppSense, the leader in the so-called user environment management space, is refocusing on its roots in endpoint security in a bid to widen its market reach.
Security Experts: FTC Ruling On Breach Regulation Is Wake-Up Call To Focus On Data SecurityA court ruling on the FTC's ability to regulate around data breaches came down this week, with multiple VARs already taking advantage of the opportunity to raise customer awareness around the importance of data security solutions.


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Thyme Leaf and nine different essential oils, this spa blend will help moisturize your skin while deeply soothing sore or strained muscles.
Shower - Before or after on entire body for ultimate moisture and skin protection.
Hair - Massage into scalp before washing for the ultimate beauty shine.
Massage - Bring excellent glide to your personal treatment.
Expeller Pressed Sweet Almond Oil (Prunus amygdalus dulcis), High Oleic Expeller Pressed Safflower Oil (Carthamus tinctorius), High Oleic Expeller Pressed Sunflower Oil (Helianthus annuus), Grapeseed Oil (Vitis viniferia), Expeller Pressed Apricot Kernel Oil (Prunus armeniaca), Expeller Pressed Avocado Oil (Persea gratissima), Tocopherol (Natural Vitamin E) (Vitamin E), Clove Bud Essential Oil (Eugenia caryophyllus), Eucalyptus Globulus (Eucalyptus) Essential Oil (Eucalyptus globulus), Peppermint Essential Oil (Mentha piperita), Camphor Essential Oil (Cinnamomum camphora), Fennel (Foeniculum Vulgare) Seed Essential Oil (Foeniculum vulgare), Geranium Essential Oil (Pelargonium graveolens), Sweet Orange (Citrus Sinensis) Essential Oil (Citrus aurantium dulcis), Ginger Essential Oil (Zingiber officinale), Rosmarinus Officinalis (Rosemary) Essential Oil (Rosmarinus officinalis), Infusion of Arnica Flower (Arnica montana), Juniper Berry (Juniperus communis), Thyme (Thymus Vulgaris) Leaf (Thymus vulgaris)
Use daily to deeply moisturize your entire body. Smooth oil over your body after bathing, or for a real treat, pour some into your bath water for a luxurious experience.
To insure freshness, store in a cool, dry place.
Careful! Oil will make any surface slippery. For external use only.
Please read all label information carefully on delivery and prior to use.
Natural way to treat dry and irritated skin and moisturize it. It has a natural smell of coconut oil. We have to melt it before the use. It has strong smell.
Olbas aromatherapy massage oil works well for head ache. It will enhance breathing passages. It soothes tired muscles. It clears simus problems, chest problems, stops snoring and easy to use. It is a multifunctional aromatic medication.
This stuff works wonders with dry skin. I would recommend every one. The formula of the therapy oil is advanced and reduced the appearance of stretch marks and scars. It hydrates my skin feels after applying this oil. The smell is pleasant and there is no oily residue, just softness. I highly recommend this product.
I use this essential oil in my bath. It is very fragrant and relaxing. I like this brand because of its high quality. I've been buying Aura Cacia products for many years. Highly recommended.
This product didn't work for me, DON'T WASTE YOUR MONEY AND BUY IT!


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Today, it might feel like you are stuck inside one of those snow-globe souvenirs -- and someone has just picked it up and shaken it. Hard. Everything in your life is knocked out its normal moorings right now, and floating around with little if any direction. But it's easy to make lemonade out of this lemon-like experience ... look upon this a turning point, when the slate is wiped clean and the future is yours to create in a new way. Dictate your dreams and go.
Its a good job Im working all day tee hee
I could use a bit of fun today!
I never place too overly much "faith" in the horoscope(s) but find it very interesting when they actually work out/come true. So its always nice to see what may lie ahead for that day...
Horoscopes are intresting,but so not true
You doing a good job. This is a very important time for me and I don't want to miss it!


text:
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Yalumba Shiraz Barossa Patchwork 2008
Editorial Reviews for Yalumba Shiraz Barossa Patchwork
Vanilla, dried plum, cracked pepper and wood spice greet the nose. This is very clear on entry, low and focused with a mineral edge and bright acids. It's a bit compressed on the mid-palate and needs time to open but reveals lovely purity and definition on the backend. The finish is long, firm and lightly spicy, with impressive purity to the plum and violet fruit. Well-proportioned and balanced. 91pts
Member Reviews for Yalumba Shiraz Barossa PatchworkAdd your review
Drank over 3 days. Pop and Pour - Dark ruby, nose closed, palate spicy and fruity. After 30 minutes in the glass I felt like I was waiting for the bread dough to rise. Big yeasty bread dough aroma permeated the air. @ 1 hour it had some perfume on the nose, a big fruity palate with some residual yeast. Re-corked. Day 2 - Still smell the bread dough otherwise the nose is pretty reserved. Big juicy, fruity, jammy palate with a hint of dusty tannins on the medium finish. Day 3 - Still huge fruit with a mid-palate Syrah tartness showing through and a bit of spice. The tannins are there but still hiding out. Alcohol was hidden pretty much all 3 days. Overall this needs to rest and find itself. 3 days wasn't enough so give this one some time or some serious air. I'd like to revisit it in a couple years and see where it goes.
Dark redish purple color with a nose of blueberries, pepper, spice and chocolate. The palate features red fruit and plum with some nice supporting tartness in the background. The finish includes semi-sweet chocolate, pepper and black cherry. On day two there were noticeable notes of cinnamon coming out on the nose and palate.
Smooth, though a little too tannic for my taste.
Has bright fruit offset by some earthiness. Finish was a bit short but was not over ripe flavours that some Aussie Shiraz have. Didn't as work as well with food for me as the other Yalumba wines that I tasted with it.
Not a bad Shiraz. Definitely big and concentrated, but not a total fruit bomb. Has some interesting cedar and pie spice notes and a hint of moss from the Cab. Some grape soda-ish about it too.
Very jammy nose of rich red fruits, laced with cinnamon and loads of spices. Very spicy palate. Heavy baking spice. Very tannic. Finishes initially on lots of mineral, stone and graphite. After a couple of hours open, it integrates nicely and improves. More relaxed cola and berries retaining a nice roasted "Cote Rotie" quality. Decanting recommended.
Australia and Shiraz are synonymous, and Ylumba understands this. The "Patchwork", Shiraz, 2008, is everything you would want in an Australian Shiraz. The nose is packed with jammy fruit, and a little cinnamon graham cracker. The palate doesn't fail with ripe plum and sticky blackberry and dark cherry. Gripping tannins and great acidity let you know that this should be enjoyed by those who are ready for a strong minded shiraz. I would pour this with some nice, smokey, barbecue, or a well seasoned steak, and let this wine speak for itself!
Food Pairings for Yalumba Shiraz Barossa Patchwork
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text:
|Numéro de publication
|Type de publication
|Numéro de demande
|Date de publication
|25 juin 2002
|Date de dépôt
|29 sept. 2000
|Date de priorité
|29 sept. 2000
|État de paiement des frais
|Autre référence de publication
|Numéro de publication
|Simon Cohn, Roger Hoeck, Richard Caizza, Volker Niermann
|Cessionnaire d'origine
|Becton, Dickinson And Company
|Exporter la citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Citations de brevets (69), Référencé par (52), Classifications (8), Événements juridiques (4)
|Liens externes: USPTO, Cession USPTO, Espacenet
The present invention is generally related to hypodermic syringes and more particularly to syringes that include a needle that is retractable after the intended use to substantially prevent inadvertent exposure to the needle and reuse of the syringe.
Hypodermic syringes are widely used in the medical arts for administering medicaments and for drawing body fluid samples. Generally, hypodermic syringes have a metal needle attached either fixedly or removably that has a sharpened distal point for penetrating vial stoppers or patient's skin. The hypodermic syringes and needles have been used for many years with few problems reported when the vast numbers and needles being used are considered. More recently, with the recognition of viral diseases that are transmitted by body fluids and greater sensitivity of the need to protect health care workers from inadvertent contact with previously used needles (commonly referred to as "sharps") as well as the need to reduce criminal misuse of improperly disposed of needles and syringes, syringes and needles that include provisions to prevent reuse have been developed.
Provisions intended to prevent reuse of needles and syringes include a variety of sharps collector systems that are widely used in health care facilities. Other developments include needle attachments that may be readily broken off by practitioners once the syringe has completed its intended use. A variety of shielding mechanisms has been developed; some of which are currently commercially available. While many of these developments have reduced the incidence of inadvertent exposure of healthcare workers to sharps, most of these devices can readily be overcome by an individual determined to obtain and misuse a hypodermic syringe and needle. As a result of this problem, further developments in the art of hypodermic syringes have resulted in syringes with needles that withdraw into the body of the syringe once their intended use is completed.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,838,869 discloses a retractable hypodermic needle configured for one-time use wherein the needle is spring loaded and automatically irretrievably retracted into the hypodermic syringe when the syringe plunger is fully depressed, whereby protrusions on the end of the plunger engage tabs holding the spring loaded needle to release the needle for retraction. A potential problem with the design disclosed in this patent is that many times a practitioner may draw and expel a fluid several times during preparation for administration of a medicament, with this design, the practitioner could inadvertently discharge the retraction mechanism. Further, the design would be very difficult to manufacture in large volumes.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,900,307 discloses a hypodermic needle with an enlarged hub that provides provisions for selectively withdrawing the needle into the hub once the syringe and needle have completed their intended usage. While this disclosed design does substantially eliminate the problem of premature discharge of the retraction mechanism, the enlarged hub has a considerable "dead volume" that would result in a significant undeliverable retention of the medicament. Additionally, although the needle is secured in the hub after discharge, the syringe itself is still fully functional after the hub with the needle inside is removed.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,994,034 discloses a hypodermic injection system with a retractable needle wherein the needle retracts within the interior cavity of a syringe plunger. The disclosed invention includes a cylindrical spring housing with resilient fingers which capture a coiled spring that biasly holds a needle holder against the retaining force of the resilient fingers. The plunger in this disclosure has a frangible end, which when engaging the resilient fingers under a pre-determined amount of force, dissociate the remaining inwardly-tapered shoulders to spread the resilient fingers, allowing the coiled spring to eject the needle and its holder into the interior cavity of the syringe plunger. A syringe manufactured using this disclosure would be complex and difficult to assemble. It is believed that no successful commercial product has been produced using this disclosure.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,019,044 discloses a safety hypodermic syringe with a hypodermic needle fixed connected to a holder plate and constantly supported by a spring for making axial movement. The holder plate is normally retained by a clamp at a ready position for injection. When the plunger of the syringe is pushed to the bottom of the barrel, the needle is released from the clamp and is pushed by the spring to drop and further follow a rubber plug to be squeezed into a chamber in the plunger. Again, no successful commercial product has resulted from this disclosure, which would be complex to manufacture and appears to have a considerable undeliverable dead volume.
Another example of a syringe with a retractable needle is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,053,010. The disclosed syringe retracts the needle into a hollow plunger when additional pressure is applied on the plunger after the contents of the syringe are expelled. The disclosed design incorporates a sliding elastomeric seal which displaces from its forward position to a retracted position, thereby allowing additional forward travel of the plunger to actuate the retraction mechanism. A problem reported with this design is that, because of the soft nature of the seal, the seal may be prematurely displaced during its use in an injection. Attempts to overcome this difficulty by increasing the stiffness of the sealing member could impair the seal integrity.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,180,369 discloses a self destructive syringe assembly having a needle cannula fixed to a slidable piston. The slidable piston and slidable piston flange are held within the barrel of the syringe assembly by a compressed spring, a guide tube and a shatter ring. The plunger of the syringe assembly is a hollow elongated tube with a thumb flat at one end, a sliding gasket, a plunger shatter plate and a hook rim at the other end. The patent reports that when medicament is injected, the elongated hollow plunger is further thrust into the shatter ring, the shatter ring shatters, further allowing the slidable piston and slidable piston flange to thrust into the plunger shatter plate to shatter. The shattering of the plunger shatter plate causes the slidable piston and needle cannula to be thrust into the hollow plunger by the spring and is thus prevented from re-entering the guide tube. Again, no successful commercial product has resulted from this disclosure.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,180,370 discloses a syringe which has an internal mechanism for retracting the needle into the syringe after the injection has been given. In one disclosed embodiment, the needle is manually retracted by pulling back on the plunger, and in another, the needle is propelled by a compressed spring into a hollow chamber within the plunger. A syringe produced with this disclosure would be complex to manufacture, and no successful commercial product has resulted from this disclosure.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,188,599 discloses a hypodermic injection system with a needle that retracts within an interior cavity of the syringe plunger. The needle when retracted is held within the plunger. The disclosed device includes a cylindrical spring housing that has resilient fingers which capture a spring under bias holding a needle holder against the retaining force of resilient fingers. The plunger has a frangible end which dissociates when the outwardly tapered shoulders spread the resilient fingers, allowing the coiled spring to eject the needle and its holder into the interior cavity of the syringe plunger. The patent also discloses a body fluid sampling device that includes a double-ended needle for communication with an evacuated blood collection tube. This patent also includes a review of several earlier disclosures related to retractable needles. Attempts have been made to produce commercial products based on the disclosures of this patent, but as yet there is no successful commercial product.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,201,710 discloses a syringe fitted with a clamping device for the needle and with a mechanism to enable the needle to be automatically retractable into the syringe body at the end of an injection. The disclosed device includes inner and outer cylinders, openings at the ends of the outer cylinder, a third opening at an end of the inner cylinder and a closure for the third opening. The disclosed device further includes a needle with a head, a seal, a first spring to push the needle against the closure and a clamping device loaded by a second spring to maintain outward to the syringe and to release the needle. There is a diaphragm in the closure that bends before breaking and a sharp element to break the diaphragm. There also is a closure to prevent the needle from being accessible and a stop to prevent the second cylinder from being moved outwardly after the syringe is used. As is apparent from the description, the device disclosed by this patent is complex and would be difficult to assemble. No successful commercial product has resulted from the disclosure in this patent.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,385,551 discloses a non-reusable medical device that has a needle which is retractable by depression a plunger slidably mounted in the device. The disclosed device includes a front-mounted retraction mechanism that has a needle holder connected to the needle. The needle holder is supported along the axis of the device by a frictionally engaged retainer ring member coupled to the needle holder along an axially aligned sliding interface. The needle holder and retainer are positioned in the front portion of a hollow body. The front of a movable member or plunger presses against the retainer member passing around the needle holder which cannot move forward, thereby separating the retainer from the needle holder. The separation occurs by gradually reducing the extent of the sliding interface area until the retainer member pops loose from the needle holder whereupon the needle holder and needle are retracted into a cavity in the plunger in response to a retraction force applied to the needle holder by a previously compressed spring. Again, the device disclosed in this patent is complex, difficult to manufacture and appears to have significant undeliverable dead volume. Attempts have been made to commercialize products from this disclosure with only limited success.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,407,436 discloses a hypodermic syringe that has a hollow needle that is automatically retractable after use. The disclosed syringe includes a one-piece body molding that has a main chamber for a plunger, sample container or drug cartridge, a forward chamber to house a spring to bias a needle holder, and internal latching formations to retain the needle holder with the spring compressed in the forward chamber until automatic retraction when the latching formations are released by end of plunger movement. The patent discloses that the sealing between the plunger and the body is accomplished by an over-sized plunger head that forces head and wall deformation. The disclosed spring has seals at both ends for the forward chamber. The patent teaches that the needle, its holder, spring and seals can be installed using a sliding guide. In using a syringe produced using this disclosure, the practitioner would need to exercise care when drawing and expelling a fluid during filling, because the retraction of the needle is activated by depressing the plunger sufficiently to engage cooperating latches. The engagement occurs at the bottom of the stroke to expel fluid from the syringe.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,769,822 discloses a non-reusable syringe with a hollow plunger that has a seal member thereon. The position of the plunger and the seal relative to the barrel permits the plunger, with sufficient strength, to carry applied pressure through the device during injection of a fluid and yet permit the seal disposed at one end of the plunger to have maximum sealing integrity between the plunger and a cylindrical barrel disposed around the exterior of the plunger to abate leakage of the liquid in a chamber within the barrel, as the plunger is manipulated from an expanded position to and expended position and thereafter to a third or collapsed position.
U.S. Pat. No. 6,010,486 discloses a retracting needle syringe that substantially prevents reuse of the syringe by destroying the plunger rod and the needle hub and additionally, retracts the needle into the plunger rod. The disclosed syringe includes provisions that upon fully depressing the plunger rod and applying distally directed axial force, a frangible portion of the inner hub is broken and the plunger tip dislodges to allow a spring to urge a cutter to open the chamber inside the plunger.
Most of the devices discussed in the above referenced disclosures are somewhat complex, and many require manufacture and assembly of parts with potentially difficult assembly or tight tolerance requirements. Many of the designs depend upon a careful application of forces by the practitioner to draw and expel fluids from the syringe. Also, if the tolerances between the multiple components of the device are not carefully adhered to during manufacture and assembly, normal usage may result in premature activation of the retraction function of the syringe. Current conventional syringes are considered by users to be virtually fault-free and reliable. They are used for a variety of different procedures involving both "one-shot" fill and inject procedures, as well as more complex mixing measuring and delivery functions. In order for a retractable syringe to displace these functional, utilitarian and reliable conventional syringes, the retractable syringe should not significantly interfere with the users current practices, it needs to be substantially reliable and their cost should not be prohibitive. Current conventional syringes are often manufactured at rates of several hundred per minute and their cost is generally not a significant factor in their usage. Additionally every year, hundreds of millions of small capacity (one milliliter) syringes are used outside of the normal controlled health care environment by diabetics and other self-injectors who must daily accurately inject small amounts, often only a few tenths of a milliliter. These small capacity syringes are physically quite small, with an overall length of less than five inches and an inside bore diameter of less than one-quarter inch. Reviewing the disclosures above, one skilled in the art of high volume manufacturing recognizes that assembling hundreds of millions of most of these relatively complex devices with their retraction elements contained in such a small space as a one-quarter inch diameter bore is a daunting task. Additionally, many of the disclosed devices have substantial undeliverable "dead volumes" that substantially confound many diabetics' need for accurate measuring, mixing of more than one type of insulin in the syringe and delivering small doses of insulin. The need thus exists for a selectively retractable syringe that is compatible with a small capacity syringe, that is capable of being manufactured at high volumes and is sufficiently non-complex to be reliable in use when produced at volumes of hundreds of millions per year. Such a device is disclosed herein below.
A hypodermic syringe with a selectively retractable needle of the present invention includes an elongate barrel with an open proximal end and a distal end defining a receiver having a distal inward shoulder. The barrel has a hollow bore therethrough extending from the proximal end to the distal end. The syringe has an elongate plunger having a proximal end, a distal end and an inner rod extending a distance distally from the proximal end. The plunger includes a hollow sleeve having a proximal end and a distal end, that is sized to fit slidably, extend beyond and disposed over the inner rod. The plunger also includes a hollow cutter extending distally from the inner rod to a distal cutting surface within the hollow sleeve, and a stopper disposed over the distal end of the hollow sleeve to cover the cutting surface. The stopper is sized to fit slidably within the hollow bore of the barrel to define a chamber to draw and expel fluid. The plunger further includes a displaceable collar that substantially prevents a movement of the inner rod with respect to the hollow sleeve, the collar being displaced by application of a distal force, greater than a force required to expel fluid from the chamber in the barrel, to the plunger. The collar is displaced by engagement with the proximal end of the barrel, and, when the collar is displaced, movement of the inner rod having the cutter attached thereto with respect to the hollow sleeve is allowed, and causes the cutting surface to cut through the stopper. The syringe further includes an elongate hub with a passageway therethrough and a stem with a proximal flange and an engagement. The stem is disposed within and sized for slidable movement within the receiver at the distal end of the barrel. The flange on the hub has a distal surface and a proximal surface defining a distal end of the chamber in the barrel. There is a clip having a proximal foot with an opening therethrough and a distal grip disposed on the stem of the hub. The proximal foot of the clip is disposed at the distal surface of the flange and the grip at the engagement on the stem. The syringe includes an elongate needle having a fluid path therethrough, a pointed distal end and a proximal end mounted in the passageway of the hub so that the pointed end of the needle extends distally outwardly and the fluid path of the needle is in fluid communication with the chamber of the barrel. There is an elongate spring disposed about the stem of the hub compressed between the receiver and the distal grip of the clip to provide a bias, so that when sufficient distal force, greater than the force needed to expel fluid from the chamber, is applied to the plunger to cause the cutting surface to cut through the stopper, the cutting surface then engages the flange and cuts through the flange to engage the clip and to cause the clip to release the engagement on the stem. The release allows the bias of the spring to urge a sufficient movement of the hub to a position within the syringe where inadvertent contact with the pointed distal end of the needle is substantially prevented.
The syringe of the invention has an undeliverable "dead-space" volume substantially similar to conventional syringes, i.e., substantially no undeliverable volume. The syringe of the invention is as suitable for use in drawing, measuring, mixing and delivering small volumes of medicaments as conventional syringes. Unlike many of the devices disclosed above, the syringe of the invention is substantially unlikely to be inadvertently retracted by a user following currently used practices and procedures. The syringe of the invention does not depend on a user having to exercise substantially more care than with a conventional syringe when drawing and mixing fluids in the syringe to avoid inadvertent activation, and importantly, the syringe of the invention is compatible with the efficiency of high volume automated manufacture that utilizes much existing manufacturing equipment. Once needle is retracted in the syringe of the invention, the syringe cannot be restored to functionality, as the hub flange is cut through and the stopper is cut through rendering the syringe substantially unusable and protecting the needle point from inadvertent contact by anyone.
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of the selectively retractable syringe of the invention;
FIG. 2 is an exploded perspective view of the syringe of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the syringe of FIG. 1 with a cap and shield sealed in a package;
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the syringe of FIG. 1 taken along the line 4—4;
FIG. 5 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the distal portion of the syringe of FIG. 1 taken from FIG. 4;
FIG. 6 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of a proximal portion of the syringe of FIG. 1 taken from FIG. 4;
FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of the syringe of FIG. 1, analogous to FIG. 4, with the plunger distal in the barrel;
FIG. 8 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the distal portion of the syringe of FIG. 1, taken from FIG. 7, analogous to FIG. 5;
FIG. 9 is a enlarged cross-sectional view of the proximal portion of the syringe of FIG. 1, taken from FIG. 7, analogous to FIG. 6;
FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view of the syringe of FIG. 1, analogous to FIG. 4, with the plunger more distal in the barrel than shown in FIG. 7;
FIG. 11 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the distal portion of the syringe of FIG. 1, taken from FIG. 10, analogous to FIG. 5;
FIG. 12 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the proximal portion of the syringe of FIG. 1, taken from FIG. 10, analogous to FIG. 6;
FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view of the syringe of FIG. 1, analogous to FIG. 4, with the needle withdrawn into the barrel;
FIG. 14 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the distal portion of the syringe of FIG. 1, taken from FIG. 13, analogous to FIG. 5;
FIG. 15 is an exploded perspective view of the hub portion of the syringe of FIG. 1;
FIG. 16 is an exploded perspective view of the hollow sleeve portion of the plunger of the syringe of FIG. 1; and
FIG. 17 is an exploded perspective view of the inner rod portion of the syringe of FIG. 1.
While this invention is satisfied by embodiments in many different forms, there are shown in the drawings and herein described in detail, embodiments of the invention with the understanding that the present disclosure is to be considered as exemplary of the principles of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention to the embodiments illustrated. The scope of the invention is measured by the appended claims and the equivalents. In this disclosure, a convention is followed wherein the distal end of the device is the end closest to a patient and the proximal end of the device is the end away from the patient and closest to a practitioner.
Referring to FIGS. 1-17, a hypodermic syringe 10 with a selectively retractable needle 12 of the present invention includes an elongate barrel 14 with an open proximal end 16 and a distal end 18 defining a receiver 20 having a distal inward shoulder 22. Barrel 14 has a hollow bore 24 therethrough extending from proximal end 16 to distal end 18. Syringe 10 has an elongate plunger 26 having a proximal end 28, a distal end 30 and an inner rod 32 extending a distance distally from proximal end 28. Plunger 26 includes a hollow sleeve 34 having a proximal end 36 and a distal end 38, that is sized to fit slidably, extend beyond and disposed over inner rod 32. Plunger 26 also includes a hollow cutter 40 extending distally from inner rod 32 to a distal cutting surface 42 within hollow sleeve 34, and a stopper 44 disposed over distal end 38 of hollow sleeve 34 to cover cutting surface 42. Stopper 44 is sized to fit slidably within hollow bore 24 of the barrel 14 to define a chamber 46 to draw and expel fluid. Plunger 26 further includes a displaceable collar 48 that substantially prevents a movement of inner rod 32 with respect to hollow sleeve 34, collar 48 being displaced by application of a distal force, greater than a force required to expel fluid from chamber 46 in the barrel, to plunger 26. Collar 48 is displaced by engagement with proximal end 16 of the barrel, and, when collar 48 is displaced, movement of inner rod 32 having cutter 40 attached thereto with respect to the hollow sleeve is allowed, and causes cutting surface 42 to cut through stopper 44. Syringe 10 further includes an elongate hub 50 with a passageway 52 therethrough and a stem 54 with a proximal flange 56 and an engagement 58. Stem 54 is disposed within and sized for slidable movement within receiver 20 at distal end 18 of the barrel. Flange 56 on the hub has a distal surface 60 and a proximal surface 62 defining a distal end of chamber 46 in the barrel. There is a clip 64 having a proximal foot 66 with an opening 68 therethrough and a plurality of distal grips on a plurality of fingers 71 disposed on stem 54 of the hub. Proximal foot 66 of clip 64 is disposed at distal surface 60 of flange 56 and grips 70 at engagement 58 on stem 54. Syringe 10 includes elongate needle 12 having a fluid path 72 therethrough, a pointed distal end 74 and a proximal end 76 mounted in passageway 52 of the hub so that pointed end 74 of the needle extends distally outwardly and fluid path 72 of the needle is in fluid communication with chamber 46 of the barrel. There is an elongate spring 78 disposed about stem 54 of the hub compressed between inward shoulder 22 receiver and distal grips 70 of the clip to provide a bias, so that when sufficient distal force, greater than the force needed to expel fluid from chamber 46, is applied to plunger 26 to cause cutting surface 42 to cut through stopper 44, the cutting surface then engages flange 56 and cuts through the flange to engage clip 64 and to cause the clip to release engagement 58 on stem 54. The release allows the bias of spring 78 to urge a sufficient movement of hub 50 to a position within the syringe where inadvertent contact with pointed distal end 74 of the needle is substantially prevented.
Referring to FIGS. 4-14, a series of cross-sectional views of syringe 10 illustrate the syringe use and selective retraction of needle 12. FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of syringe 10 with plunger 26 in an intermediate position in barrel 14 with chamber 46 available to draw and expel fluid with proximal and distal movement of plunger 26. FIG. 5 is an enlargement of the distal portion of FIG. 4. Needle 12, mounted in hub passage 52 is preferably formed from stainless steel and adhesively mounted in passage 52. In this view, stopper 44 is visible at distal end 30 of the plunger with hollow cutter 40 positioned within the plunger proximal to the face of stopper 44. Stopper 44 includes a plug 45 disposed within hollow cutter 40. Plug 45 serves to direct the cut portion of the stopper into the hollow cutter once the retraction sequence of the syringe is initiated. Preferably, stopper 44 includes a cut ring 41. Cut ring 41 has a smaller inside diameter than cutting surface 42 of the hollow cutter. Flange proximal surface 62 preferably includes a cut ring 63 disposed to cooperate with cut ring 41 in the stopper and cutting surface 42 of the hollow cutter. The smaller diameter of cut ring 41 causes cutting surface 42 of the hollow cutter to stretch the face of stopper as it is cut against cut ring 63 of the flange. The stretching of the stopper face results in cutting a smaller slug of the stopper than the diameter of cutting surface 42. The cut slug of stopper 44 is directed into hollow cutter 40 by plug 45. Cooperating cut ring 63 in the flange serves to direct cutting surface 42 to be centered on flange 56 so that cutting surface 42 cuts through flange 56 in the desired location, preferably the region of the thinnest cross section, i.e. at cut ring 63. Flange 56 is preferably retained in the distal position in barrel 14 by an interaction between a distal bump 25 on inside surface of bore 24 of barrel 14 and a depression 57 on hub flange 56. Alternatively, bump 25 can be a depression in barrel bore 24 cooperating with a bump 57 on hub flange 56. The placement of bump 25 on barrel bore 24 is preferred for this application, because a depression in the barrel bore at this point may weaken the barrel. For other applications, other attachments may be preferred and are considered within the scope of the invention. Referring now to FIG. 6, an enlargement of proximal end 28 of the plunger is seen. In this view, a finger flange 80 to facilitate the users grip of the syringe is seen that includes a shroud 82. Plunger 26 preferably includes a finger press 84 at proximal end 28 that, in conjunction with finger flange 80 facilitates the user's movement of the plunger. Inner rod 32 has an enlargement 33, that cooperates with proximal end 36 of hollow sleeve 34 and displaceable collar 48 to substantially prevent movement of inner rod 32 with respect to hollow sleeve 34. As shown in FIG. 6, collar 48 is disposed to retain enlargement 33 within a depression 37 in hollow sleeve 34.
Referring now to FIGS. 7-9, views similar to the views of FIGS. 4-6 are shown. In these views, collar 48 is displaced by distal movement of plunger 26 with a force greater than the force necessary to expel fluid from chamber so that collar 48 engages barrel open proximal end 16. When collar 48 is displaced, application of distal force to finger press 84 results in distal movement of inner rod 32 with respect to plunger hollow sleeve 34. This advances hollow cutter 40 to against stopper 44 to cut through the stopper and flange 56.
Referring now to FIGS. 10-12, views similar to the views of FIGS. 4-6 are shown. In these views, collar 48 is fully displaced, finger press 84 is moved distally sufficiently so that finger press 84 is contained within shroud 82. Preferably, shroud 82 has an inside diameter at the proximal end that is less than the outside diameter of finger press 84, thereby providing an interference 83 between the finger press and the shroud. When sufficient force is applied, interference 83 is overcome, and finger press 84 substantially irreversibly enters shroud 82, thereby substantially preventing further proximal movement of the plunger. In FIG. 11, hollow cutter 40 is advanced distally so that cutting surface 42 has cut through stopper 44 and flange 56. After cutting through flange 56, cutting surface 42 is advanced distally to engage clip 64 by passing through clip opening 68 in clip proximal foot 66 to spread clip fingers 71 with distal grips 70 away from engagement 58 on stem 54. Once clip distal grips 70 are spread away from engagement 58, the bias from compressed spring 78 urges the cut portion of the flange and the cut portion of the stopper to move proximally into hollow cutter 40 thereby withdrawing needle 12 to a position where sharpened distal point 74 is substantially within syringe 10 and protected from inadvertent exposure. The withdrawn position for the needle and cut portions is best seen in FIGS. 13 and 14. At this point, syringe 10 substantially cannot be restored to functionality, because finger press 84 is within shroud 82, flange 56 is cut through, stopper 44 is cut through, and spring 78 has been released from a compressed position within receiver 20.
FIG. 15 is an exploded perspective view of the hub assembly showing spring 78, clip 64 and hub 50. Spring 78 is preferably an elongate coil formed from a resilient metallic material such as stainless steel wire. Other materials and other forms of metallic materials may also be suitable and preferred for particular applications. Clip 64 is preferably also formed from a metallic material. Stainless steel is preferred and preferably is formed into the clip by a deep draw stamping process. Clip 64 includes proximal foot 66 with opening 68 therethrough and a plurality, preferably four, distal grips 70 on four fingers 71 to engage stem 54 at engagement 58. After forming, clip 58 is preferably subjected to an electrochemical process for cleaning, polishing, burr removal and to form a sharp surface on grips 70 to engage stem 54. Referring back to FIG. 5, the placement of spring 78, clip 64 and hub 50 within receiver 20 is best seen in syringe 10 in the normal ready for normal use position. Hub 50 is preferably formed from thermoplastic materials including, but not limited to, polypropylene, polystyrene, polyethylene, copolymers and other filled thermoplastic materials.
FIG. 16 is an exploded perspective view of the plunger hollow sleeve 34 and hollow cutter 40. In this view, proximal end 35 of the hollow sleeve with step 88 to engage proximal end 16 of the barrel is seen. Hollow sleeve 34 also includes a shoulder 90 to limit distal travel of displaceable collar 48 when the collar 48 is disposed to prevent movement of plunger inner rod 32 with respect to hollow sleeve 34 when syringe 10 is in normal use for drawing and expelling fluids. Referring now to FIG. 17, plunger inner rod 32 is shown along with collar 48. Plunger inner rod includes a distal mount 92 for mounting hollow cutter 40 so that when plunger 26 is assembled with inner rod 32 within hollow sleeve 34, cutting surface 42 is proximal to the surface of stopper 44, best seen in FIG. 5 and collar 48 is positioned at shoulder 90 to substantially prevent movement between the inner rod and hollow sleeve so that stopper 44 is moved proximally and distally within barrel 14 to draw and expel fluid from chamber 46.
Hollow sleeve 34 and plunger inner rod 32 preferably are formed from thermoplastic materials such as polystyrene, polypropylene, polycarbonate, polyacetal and the like. Copolymers and filled thermoplastic materials are also suitable. The use of the inner rod and the outer sleeve tied together by collar 48 allows plunger 26 to be sufficiently stiff for normal usage of drawing and expelling fluids, because inner rod 32 may be solid and integrally formed with finger press 84. Collar 84, also preferably formed from thermoplastic materials including, but not limited to, polypropylene, polycarbonate, polyethylene, polystyrene, copolymers and the like, is displaced by contact with proximal end 16 of the barrel. When collar 84 is displaced, inner rod 32 advances distally with respect to hollow sleeve 34 and hollow cutter 40 with cutting surface 42 is advanced into plunger 44 and flange 56. Hollow cutter 40 is preferably formed from a metallic material thus able to be "thin-walled" to provide a maximum space to receive cut plunger 44 and cut flange 56. Deep-drawn stainless steel is a preferred material and method for forming hollow cutter 40. After forming, hollow cutter 40 preferably may be subjected to a sharpening process to provide a sharp surface for cutting surface 42. Suitable sharpening processes include, but are not limited to, honing, grinding, buffing, electrochemical treatments, combinations of these processes and the like. Electrochemical treatments are preferred, because, in addition to providing a sharp cutting surface, they may be controlled to provide a cleaning and polishing effect on the rest of the surface of the hollow cutter.
A method for assembling syringe 10 with selectively retractable needle 12 includes providing an elongate barrel 14 with open proximal end 16 and open distal end 18 defining receiver 20 with distal inward shoulder 22. The method further includes providing elongate hub 50 with a passageway 52 therethrough and including distal elongate stem portion 54 with engagement 58 and proximal flanged portion 56 having a conjugate 57 to the retention 25 on the inside surface of hollow bore 24. A mandrel is then inserted into the barrel from distal end 18, elongate spring 78 is placed onto the mandrel, clip 64 is placed onto the mandrel proximal to spring 78. Distal stem 54 is then inserted into proximal end 16 of the barrel so that stem 54 contacts the mandrel. The assembly method then includes moving the mandrel and hub 50 distally so that the mandrel is removed from barrel 14, clip 64 contacts engagement 58, and spring 78 is thereby compressed between clip 64 and shoulder 22 on receiver 20. Bump 25 on the inside surface of the barrel engages depression 57 on flange 56 thereby retaining hub 50 in the barrel.
The particular benefits of plunger 26 of the invention with the hollow sleeve 34, hollow cutter 40 and inner rod 32 are apparent when FIGS. 4, 5 and 6 are considered. In one preferred embodiment of syringe 10 of the invention, where syringe 10 is a one milliliter capacity syringe graduated in tenths of a milliliter, the overall length of the syringe is less than about five inches with the exterior diameter less than about one quarter inch. When barrel 10 is formed from the preferred thermoplastic material, polypropylene, the interior diameter of barrel 10 is about 0.183 inches. When the information related to earlier work in the area of retractable syringes, summarized in the instant background section, is reviewed, it should be apparent that most of these previously disclosed designs could not be readily fit within an interior diameter barrel of 0.183 inches and manufactured on a scale of several millions a week. Plunger 26 is assembled as a separate unit and is inserted into proximal end 16 of the barrel in a similar fashion to conventional assembly of plungers and barrels into syringes.
Referring now to FIG. 3, syringe 10 of the invention may be removably fit with a needle shield 96 sized to fit receiver 20 and a removable cap 98 sized to fit shroud 82. Cap 98 and shield 96 may be frangibly attached by heat staking, labeling or the like, to the shroud and receiver so that the interior of syringe 10 is substantially protected from microorganisms and exposed to conditions that substantially render microorganisms non-viable and sold as "self-contained". The frangible attachments of the cap and shield to the shroud and receiver providing a user with "tamper-evidence" that the cap and shield have not been removed. A further refinement is to seal syringe 10 with shield 96 and with or without cap 98 in a package 100 formed from materials substantially resistant to the passage of microorganisms. Sealed package 100 may be exposed to conditions that render any microorganisms therein substantially non-viable. Syringe 10 then may be considered "sterile" as long as package 100 is unopened. Suitable materials for forming package 100 include, but are not limited to paper, nonwovens, polymeric film, metallic foils and combinations of these materials. Suitable conditions for rendering microorganisms non-viable include ionizing radiation, such as gamma and electron beam, chemical agents such as ethylene oxide, gaseous hydrogen peroxide and the like. When selecting materials for forming syringe 10 and package 100, consideration should be given to the method of sterilization to ensure that the materials and the sterilization conditions are compatible.
Syringe 10 of the invention provides users, particularly users of small diameter low dead space syringes, widely used outside of normal medical situations for self injection of insulin, with a syringe that is usable in a normal fashion for the medicament delivery. Once the delivery is completed by the user, the user selectively applies additional distal force to finger press 84, greater than the force required to expel fluid from chamber 46, displaces collar 48 from the position where it prevents movement of inner rod 32 with respect to plunger hollow sleeve 34, and initiates a substantially irreversible process that causes the withdrawal of needle 12 to within the syringe, thereby substantially protecting anyone coming into contact with syringe 10 from inadvertent exposure to pointed distal end 74 of the needle and substantially eliminating any subsequent reuse of syringe 10.
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|Covidien Lp
|Locking clip with trigger bushing
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|Woodard, James A.
|Retractable hypodermic syringe
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|Jeffrey Field
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|29 juil. 2004
|Wallace Bruce Ingram
|Non-reusable syringe
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|Disposable retractable safety syringe having a hollow truncated cone with a slit
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|Janek Gregory A
|Safety medical syringe with retractable needle
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|Safety medical syringe with retractable needle
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|16 oct. 2013
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|John Dunec
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|Syringe having a retractable needle
|Classification aux États-Unis
|604/110, 604/195
|Classification internationale
|Classification coopérative
|Classification européenne
|23 juil. 2001
|13 déc. 2005
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|25 juin 2009
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 8
|25 déc. 2013
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 12


text:
Securikey Karabiner Retractable Key Holder
Location: /Belts, Pouches & Attachments/Nylon Belt Accessories/Securikey Karabiner Retractable Key Holder
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Approx Weight:
0.060 kg
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Securikey GearReel retractable key holder
Manufactured in the USA the GearReel key reel is manufactured from extremely strong injection moulded polycarbonate and features a steel spring loaded karabiner clip. The retractable cord will extend to a maximum length of 1200mm and is made from a tough nylon coated Kevlar material,the karabiner will let you attach the key reel to almost anything, ideal for carrying small nuches of keys or ID cards.
Ideal for custody sergeants, drivers, porters, security guards to shopkeepers anyone who carries keys securely.
- Made in the USA
- Manufactured from ultra strong polycarbonate
- Nylon coated kevlar cord
- Cord length 1200mm
- Spring loaded steel karabiner clip
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