text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Oct 5, 1976
|Filing date
|Dec 5, 1974
|Priority date
|Nov 27, 1970
|Publication number
|Mervyn Evan Peel, Alexander William Oxford
|Original Assignee
|Allen & Hanburys Limited
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Non-Patent Citations (3), Referenced by (7), Classifications (4)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This is a continuation of application Ser. No. 193,971, filed Oct. 29, 1971 now abandoned.
This invention relates to novel anthraquinone derivatives, to processes for the preparation thereof and to compositions containing such derivatives.
In copending application of Alexander W. Oxford et al filed July 19, 1971 entitled "Anthraquinone derivatives" and assigned to a common assignee we have described and claimed anthraquinone derivatives of the general formula I: ##SPC2##
and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and esters thereof, wherein R1 represents a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group or a group --OR2, (in which R2 may be a lower alkyl group containing from 1 to 6 carbon atoms optionally substituted by a hydroxy group, an aryl group, an aryloxy group, an alkoxy group or a dialkylamino group) or a group --NR3 R4, (in which R3 and R4 which may be the same or different, represent a hydrogen atom, a lower alkyl group containing from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, optionally substituted by a hydroxy group, or R3 and R4 together with the nitrogen atom may form a ring which may optionally be substituted with another heteroatom); with the proviso that when R1 is a halogen atom or a methoxy group mixtures of positional isomers produced by existing chemical processes are excluded.
These compounds have useful immunological activity and in particular inhibit the release of spasmogens that normally occurs when a reaginic antibody combines with an antigen.
We have found that related compounds of the formula II below have the same type of pharmacological activity.
According to the present invention there are provided anthraquinone derivatives of general formula II: ##SPC3##
wherein X represents a 5-[1H]-tetrazolyl group; and R1 represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group or a group --OR2 (in which R2 may be a lower alkyl or alkenyl group containing from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, optionally substituted by one or more hydroxy groups, an aryl group, an aryloxy group, an alkoxy group or a dialkylamino group) R1 may also represent the group --NR3 R4, in which R3 and R4, which may be the same or different represent a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group containing from 1 to 6 carbon atoms optionally substituted by a hydroxy group, or R3 and R4 together with the nitrogen atom may form a ring which may optionally be substituted by another invention, e.g. piperidino, morpholino or N-methylpiperazino.
The invention also includes salts, for example those with alkali metals such as sodium, with organic bases such as dimethylamino ethanol, and with mineral and organic acids, such as those described in the Examples.
The compounds according to the invention have the property of inhibiting the release of spasmogen mediators in the antigen-antibody reaction. Thus, for example 5-[7-(2-hydroxyethoxy)-anthraquinone-2-yl]-1H-tetrazole has been found to be about thirty times as active as disodium cromoglycate in inhibiting the passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) reaction in the rat using the nematode Nippostrongylis brasiliensis as the antigen (Ogilvie, Brit. J. Immunol., 1967, 12 (2) 113-131).
The use of the compounds is therefore indicated in the treatment of any condition in which an extrinsic antigen combination with antibody is primarily responsible as, for example, in allergic asthma, hay fever, urticaria, eczema, or atopic dermatitis.
Preferred compounds according to the invention are those the preparation of which is described in the Examples.
The invention further provides pharmaceutical compositions comprising a compound according to the invention in association with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
The compounds according to the invention, may be formulated for use as pharmaceutical compositions in the conventional manner with the aid of carriers or excipients and formulatory agents as required and with or without supplementary medicinal agents. Oral administration is most convenient in the form of tablets which may be coated, pastes, aqueous or oily suspensions, solutions, emulsions, or capsules. Carriers include inert diluents such as calcium carbonate and/or disintegrating agents such as alginic acid or starch. Magnesium stearate may be used as a lubricating agent and flavouring or sweetening agents include sucrose, dextrose, glucose, glycerol etc. For emulsions and suspending agents such as sodium carboxymethyl cellulose may be used. Injections may be formulated with the aid of physiologically acceptable carriers and agents as solutions, or as dry products for reconstitution before use. For administration by inhalation the compositions according to the invention may conveniently be in the form of an aerosol spray presentation including both pressurized cans and nebulisers. The dosage at which the active ingredient is administered may vary within a wide range. A suitable oral dosage range is generally from 5 to 500 mg. The pharmaceutical compositions may, with advantage, be formulated to provide a dose within this range either as a single unit or a number of units. In the use of an aerosol the dosage unit may be determined by providing a metering valve in the aerosol pack so that it delivers a metered amount on use. Such a metered amount may be of the order of 1-10 mg. The compositions may be presented in combination with a bronchodilator as required.
The compounds according to the invention may be prepared by treatment of compounds of formula II, in which X represents a --CN group, that is to the corresponding nitriles with hydrazoic acid or its salts with inorganic or organic bases. The reaction can conveniently be carried out with sodium or ammonium azide in an inert solvent, e.g. dimethylformamide, preferably at elevated temperatures, e.g. 100�-130�C.
The parent nitriles may conveniently be prepared from the corresponding carboxylic acids by standard methods of chemistry well known to those skilled in the art, for example the conversion may be effected by dehydration of the corresponding amide (Formula II, X = CONH2) with for example, p-toluenesulphonyl chloride in a mixture of pyridine and dimethylformamide.
The parent acid X = COOH may be prepared by the processes described in our said cognate copending Application Ser. Nos. 37724/70 and 37725/70.
It is understood that the conversion of any of the groups (R1 = Hal) into the groups (R1 = --OR2, --NR5 R6) can be effected at any convenient time in the above process.
The following Examples illustrate the invention:
9,10-Dihydro-9,10-dioxo-2-anthroic acid (1008 g), phosphorus pentachloride (915 g) and xylene (8 l) were warmed to reflux and kept at this temperature for 2 hours. About 4 l of a mixture of a phosphorus oxychloride and xylene was distilled off and the remainder of the reaction mixture was, cooled and diluted with benzene (3 l). The solution was added in portions (100 ml) over 1 hour with stirring to ammonia solution (S.G. 0.88) (7 l) and the resulting slurry was warmed for a further 1 hour. The precipitate was filtered off, washed with methanol, and recrystallized from dimethylformamide containing a little dimethylaminoethanol to give 9,10-dihydro-9,10-dioxo-2-anthramide (792 g), m.p. 299�. crystallisation from acetic acid gave material m.p. 304 -5�.
The above amide (251 g), pyridine (1 l), and dimethylformamide (1 l) was heated with tosyl chloride (229 g) for 4 hours at 90�C. The solution was diluted with water and acidified with conc. hydrochloric acid. The precipitate was well washed with water and dried to give 9,10-dihydro-9,10-dioxo-2-anthrocarbonitrile (233 g), m.p. 212 -4�C.
This nitrile (525 g), sodium azide (175 g), ammonium chloride (122 g) and dimethylformamide were stirred for 3 hours at 100�-110�C and the mixture was poured into water (4.5 l) containing 2N hydrochloric acid (1350 ml). The crude precipitate was washed with ethanol and then with water to give 5-(anthraquinon-2-yl)-1H-tetrazole (645 g), m.p. 263-5�C (d).
The tetrazole (640 g) was heated with methanol (1250 ml) and dimethylaminoethanol (240 g). The dimethylamino methanol salt (591 g) m.p. 210�-213� (d), separated on cooling.
The dimethylamino ethanol salt (668 g) was heated in ethanol (8 l) and solution was effected by adding dimethylaminoethanol (90 ml.). A solution of sodium (46.2 g) in ethanol (1600 ml) was added as quickly as possible with vigorous stirring. The precipitate was filtered, washed with ethanol, and dried at 50�C to give the sodium salt monohydrate (546 g), m.p. 300�C.
9,10-Dihydro-7-methoxy-9,10-dioxo-2-anthroic acid (0.56 g), p-toluenesulphonamide (0.36 g) and phosphorus pentachloride (0.87 g) were heated to 160�-170�C for 1 hour and the phosphorus oxychloride was allowed to distill off as formed. The mixture was cooled and pyridine (1 ml), followed cautiously by water (5 ml), was added. The precipitate was collected, stirred for 90 minutes with 2N sodium hydroxide (10 ml), and filtered. The solid was taken up in benzene/ethyl acetate and filtered through a short column of alumina. Addition of light petroleum (bp 60�-80�) to the eluate gave crystals of 9,10-dihydro-7-methoxy-9,10-dioxo-2-anthrocarbonitrile (0.2 g), m.p. 258�-260�C.
The above nitrile (0.17 g), sodium azide (0.1 g), ammonium chloride and dimethylformamide (20 ml) were heated at 120� for 0.5 hours and then diluted with 2N hydrochloric acid. The precipitate was recrystallised from dimethylformamide/ethyl acetate to give 5-(7-methoxy-anthraquinon-2-yl)-1H-tetrazole (0.12 g), m.p. 265-6�.
7-Fluoro-9,10-dihydro-9,10-dioxo-2-anthroic acid (15 g), phosphorus pentachloride (12 g) and xylene (300 ml) were heated for 15 minutes at 100�-130� till a clear solution was obtained. This was concentrated to small volume and allowed to crystallise. The product was washed with light petroleum (bp 40�-60�) to give 7-fluoro-9,10-dihydro-9,10-dioxo-2-anthroyl chloride (14 g).
Ammonia was bubbled through a stirred solution of the above acid chloride (14 g) in methylene chloride (500 ml) for 2 hours. The precipitate was washed with water and crystallised from acetic acid to give 7-fluoro-9,10-dihydro-9,10-dioxo-2-anthramide (11 g), m.p. 322-3�C.
This amide (11 g) was stirred in refluxing xylene (300 ml) with phosphorus pentoxide (15 g) until only a small amount of gum was present in a clear solution. The solution was decanted and allowed to crystallise to give 7-fluoro-9,10-dihydro-9,10-dioxo-2-anthrocarbonitriel (7 g), m.p. 286-8�C.
The above nitrile (1 g), morpholine (2 g) and dimethylformamide (100 ml) was heated at 90� for 1 hour and water (10 ml) was added. The solution crystallised on cooling to give 1-(7-cyano-anthraquinon-2-yl)morpholine (1.1 g), m.p. 299�-300�C after crystallisation from acetic acid/dimethylformamide.
This nitrile (1 g), sodium azide (0.22 g), ammonium chloride (0.19 g) and dimethylformamide (100 ml) were heated for 11 hours at 125�, further portions of sodium azide (0.22 g) and ammonium chloride (0.19 g) being added after 5 and 10 hours. The mixture was cooled, filtered, and acidified with 2N hydrochloric acid (100 ml). The precipitate was crystallised from aqueous dimethylformamide to give 1-[7-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)-anthraquinon-2-yl]morpholine (0.5 g), m.p. 303�-304�C.
7-Fluoro-9,10-dihydro-9,10-dioxo-2-anthrocarbonitrile (1 g), piperidine (2 g), and dimethylformamide (100 ml) were heated at 90� for 1 hour and diluted with water (100 ml). The precipitate was crystallised from dimethylformamide/ethyl acetate to give 1-(7-cyano-anthraquinon-2-yl)-piperidine (1 g), m.p. 274-5�C.
The above nitrile (1 g) was treated with sodium azide (0.66 g) and ammonium chloride (0.57 g) as in the preceding example to give 1-[7(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)-anthraquinon-2-yl] piperidine (0.8 g), m.p. 297-8�C, after crystallisation from dimethylformamide/acetic acid.
7-Fluoro-9,10-dihydro-9,10-dioxo-2-anthrocarbonitrile (0.9 g) ethylene glycol (5 g) and dimethylformamide were stirred at 0�C and sodium hydride (0.32 g) (50% suspension in oil) was added portionwise over 2 hours. The mixture was diluted with water and the precipitate was collected and dried. The crude product was heated at 120�C for 6 hours with sodium azide (0.6 g) and ammonium chloride (0.5 g) in dimethylformamide (100 ml).
The mixture was diluted with water and acidified. The precipitate was taken up in warm aqueous 8% sodium bicarbonate, filtered, and reacidified. Crystallisation from dimethylformamide acetic acid-water gave 5-[7-(2-hydroxyethoxy)-anthraquinon-2-yl]-1H-tetrazole (0.4 g) m.p. 259.5�-261.5�C.
|chem. Abstracts, vol. 66, 36740t, (1967).
|J. Med. Chem., vol. 11, 111-117, (1968).
|J. Org. Chem., vol. 24, 1464-1467, (1959).
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Nov 15, 1982
|Jul 1, 1986
|Ciba-Geigy Corporation
|Jan 21, 1987
|Jul 2, 1991
|Ciba-Geigy Corporation
|Anthraquinone vat dyes
|Feb 25, 1993
|Jan 2, 1996
|Lilly Industries Limited
|Pharmaceutical compounds
|Aug 11, 1994
|Jan 16, 1996
|Lilly Industries Limited
|Pharmaceutical compounds
|Aug 23, 1995
|Sep 16, 1997
|Lilly Industries Limited
|Anthraquinone pharmaceutical compounds and uses therefor
|Feb 25, 1997
|Aug 11, 1998
|Lilly Industries Limited
|Pharmaceutical compounds
|Sep 15, 2011
|Mar 22, 2012
|Dundalk Institute Of Technology
|Anthraquinone compounds and their uses
|U.S. Classification
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification


text:
ibis Manchester Centre Portland Street2
96 Portland Street, MANCHESTER, M1 4GX
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"Stayed here with my mum for a short mid week break hotel nice,clean,reception staff okay not very welcoming.Room was just right for two peop..."
"Brilliant stay, lovely staff, printing facilities too which were very much appreciated!..."
"good value for money, but noisy...."
"Great location and good value for money...."
"Great place to stay,near shops and attractions and just round the corner from the coach station. Clean, well designed rooms, friendly helpfu..."
About the hotel
ibis Manchester Centre Portland Street is located in the centre of Manchester, close to all major attractions, as well as the shopping areas, nightlife and Old Trafford. The hotel offers 127 inviting, modern rooms with Free WiFi throughout. 24/7 Meal and Drinks Menu is available and the friendly bar is perfect for a nightcap.
Piccadilly and Oxford Road stations are just a few minutes from the hotel. Reduced Parking rates available at Q-Park 75 St James Street, M1 4LX at the rear of the hotel
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Dated and noisy, but passable for a single night
No air conditioning, only heating so had to have window open over street which was extremely noisy all night.
Very basic room with dated decor, but clean. Parking very close but would have been nice to know in advance of booking that there were going to be problems getting out of the car park due to planned protests.
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Smells of vomit, really noisy, expensive.
When you enter a room and the overwhelming smell is of sick, bleach and air freshener you know you're in a stag night hotel.
Add to that the bins from the clubs being emptied at 4am and the price of £122 and the conclusion is that this is a terrible place to stay.
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text:
The NIH Record describes Larry Wald's work developing the tools and instrumentation that are essential for scientific progress.
Can Doctors Feel Their Patients' Pain?
March 13, 2013
A study by Karin Jensen and colleagues has been receiving attention in the media. "Sharing pain and relief: neural correlates of physicians during treatment of patients" has been featured in radio interviews on BBC radio and Boston CBS radio WBZ and in magazines and newspapers such as Time, the Harvard Gazette, US News and the Boston Globe.


text:
Signing up could earn you gear and it helps to keep offensive content off of our site.
Two members of the French national ski team are worried about competing in the Salt Lake City Olympics and World Cup races in the United States in the wake of the Sept. 11 attacks.
Schlopy and Schleper will lead a confident US team to Park City this weekend for the American opening of the World Cup season.
U.S. Ski Team members will battle for the last Olympic spots this weekend as Loveland Ski Area hosts the U.S. Alpine season kickoff for the second-straight season with four days of slalom races.
Erik Schlopy led four Americans into the top-25 with a career-best fourth place GS finish in Friday's first American World Cup.
Austria's Stephan Eberharter took the gold yesterday at the super G opener in Val D'Isere, France, while reigning super G world champion Daron Rahlves finished a disappointing 24th place.
Bode Miller and Benjamin Raich face-off this weekend in two speed events and battle it out for the overall World Cup Title.
For eight years, Sonja Nef underwent regular surgery to treat a knee she injured in a junior competition.
Sweden's Anja Paerson became the second female skier in history to win World Cup races in all four disciplines in a season with her first downhill victory Saturday.
Sweden's Anja Paerson successfully defended her giant slalom title Tuesday for her second gold medal at the Alpine World Championships.
Slovenia's Tina Maze won her second career World Cup race Wednesday, and defending champion Anja Paerson regained the lead in the overall standings with a second-place finish in the giant slalom.
Go to skiingmag.com
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text: Sascha Schuermann, Getty Images [ Drop Off Event Saturday To Dispose Of Old Electronics And Documents By Jim Rondenelli April 24, 2015 A free drop-off event is taking place tomorrow in New Hartford for people who want to dispose of unwanted electronics, confidential documents and leftover medications. Read More|Comment Category: Utica-Rome News Tags: documents, drop off event, electronics, joseph griffo, New Hartford Shopping Center Send to a friend! Share on Facebook Share on Twitter Pin it! Reddit This! Share on Tumblr!


text:
Browsing 2007 Freely available dissertations (MU) by Title
Now showing items 79-98 of 244
Now showing items 79-98 of 244
|Factors that predict graduation among college students with disabilities [1]
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text:
Blackhawks 3, Blues 2, OT
CHICAGO (AP)—Kyle Calder helped the Blackhawks finally win a one-goal game.
Calder scored in overtime to lift the Blackhawks over the St. Louis Blues 3-2 and snap Chicago's five-game losing streak. All of the Blackhawks' defeats during the slide had been by one goal.
Calder won it at the 3:49 mark of the extra session after being left open at the right side of the St. Louis net. He took a cross-ice pass from Duncan Keith, who was at the left point, then fired a shot past a sprawling Patrick Lalime.
"Duncan Keith made a great fake shot and everyone committed to him," Calder said. "Then he went backdoor to me.
"I don't know what it was, six in a row (one goal games)" he added. "It feels good to come out on the other end of the stick."
The Blackhawks played their seventh straight game decided by one goal on Wednesday. Meanwhile, Calder extended his point scoring streak to seven games— he has six goals and three assists during the span.
Keith and Milan Bartovic also scored for the Blackhawks, who sent the Blues to their eighth straight loss.
Kevin Dallman and Trent Whitfield scored early in the third period to help the Blues come back from a 2-0 deficit to tie it and force overtime.
Nikolai Khabibulin made 44 saves for the Blackhawks.
Chicago coach Trent Yawney wasn't upset his team blew a lead or that Khabibulin had to stay busy to keep the game close.
"It wasn't pretty, but I want them to enjoy the win because they've been close on a couple of occasions and haven't gotten the result," Yawney said. "Tonight I saw some things that were positive even when we gave up the two-goal lead.
"Basically what you saw there was two young teams," Yawney added. "You see lots of games like that where there's lots of mistakes, but if your goalie's hot - like ours was - he can keep you in the game."
Lalime made 30 saves for the Blues.
"We definitely got a lot of chances, didn't take advantage, and the bottom line is we lost the game again," St. Louis' Keith Tkachuk said. "We did a lot of great things tonight, we had 46 shots.
"We're starting to go to the net a lot more, and when you create that many chances you deserve to get more goals."
Bartovic opened the scoring 6:13 into the first period. He fired a high shot past Lalime's glove from the slot after taking a pass from Jim Vandermeer. Bartovic's goal was his first in 13 games with Chicago this season.
Keith made it 2-0 with 7:32 left in the first when he scored on a shot from the top of the slot.
Khabibulin came up with several tough saves in the first period. He made a glove save on Petr Cajanek, who was in alone, 5:10 into the period and blocked a couple of close-in attempts from a scramble midway through the period.
St. Louis outshot Chicago 16-7 in the scoreless second period, but few of the Blues chances were prime.
Dallman cut it to 2-1 at 2:58 of the third when he converted a rebound from a goalmouth scramble. He scored 3 seconds after a St. Louis power play elapsed.
Whitfield tied it 2-all at 6:25 of the period. Left alone at the edge of the crease, he lofted a loose puck over Khabibulin's sprawled pads.
Khabilbulin made a point-blank stop on Jay McClement 40 seconds into overtime. Lalime stopped Keith from the slot about a minute later.
The Blackhawks are 10-24 in one-goal games this season. … Chicago F Curtis Brown returned on Wednesday wearing a cage after being cut in the face on Sunday versus San Jose. … According Yawney, Blackhawks F Tuomo Ruutu continues to make progress recovering from a partially severed tendon in his right ankle. Ruutu is skating and may still play this season. … St. Louis D Bryce Salvador missed his sixth game with a sore shoulder. … Blues C Ryan Johnson was set to return on Wednesday after missing 11 games with a broken foot, but collided in practice Tuesday with Jesse Boulerice and sat out with a head injury. … Tkachuk suffered two facial cuts in the game from sticks. One in the first period required four stitches and one in the second needed eight. He returned quickly after both and played 19 minutes.


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The chairs are just what I wanted. They look great in my waiting room. The only issue I have is that they didn't come with any hardware to put them together, and one of them is missing the end cap of the metal support in the back. Two trips to Home Depot to get the right screws and still missing the cap. Pros: Comfortable, look great Cons: Missing hardware to assemble chairs.
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'Star Wars: The Force Awakens' Trailer Breaks Records With 88 Million Views
If there were any lingering doubts about the popularity of Star Wars in the year 2015, Star Wars Celebration killed them. Ruthlessly. When the the live-streamed panel for Star Wars: The Force Awakens premiered the second trailer for J.J. Abrams' wildly anticipated sequel, you could feel the internet quiver and shake underneath the weight of the hype. It was a staggering event that made the next few geek-friendly trailers released in the following days feel like small potatoes in comparison. And yes, this hyperbole is backed up by raw numbers: the second trailer for The Force Awakens shattered the record for most trailer views in 24 hours.
'Jurassic World' Trailer: The Park is Open!
Something has survived ... and it's been packaged, licensed and sold to an audience of millions! No, we're not talking about the Jurassic Park franchise or the new Jurassic World trailer, but rather the dinosaurs on display in the film, who are the star attractions in a fully functioning prehistoric theme park where nothing ever goes wrong! Until it does. And when things go wrong at dinosaur theme parks, things go really wrong.
Weekend Box Office Report: 'Furious 7' Outpaces 'Paul Blart: Mall Cop 2'
For the third week in a row, Furious 7 took the top spot at the box office and made it look easy. Not even a trio of newcomers could slow down the latest entry in the crowd-pleasing action series, which has become the fastest film to reach $1 billion worldwide. On the domestic box office, it's equally impressive. It's a juggernaut. A cultural event. At the end of the day, Paul Blart: Mall Cop 2 may make some money, but it's making that money in the shadow of a genuine phenomenon.
First 'Jurassic World' Clip Has Arrived and It's Funnier Than You'd Expect
The first clip from Jurassic World has arrived and it showcases something much bigger and so much more unstoppable than any dinosaur. Yes, we're talking about Chris Pratt, who became one of the biggest movie stars in the world overnight thanks to Guardians of the Galaxy. Despite those Jurassic World trailers that made him appear a little too wooden and glum, this clip is proof that Colin Trevorrow's sequel will take full advantage of its leading man's roguish charms.
'The Dukes of Hazzard' Star James Best Dead at 88
Prolific character actor James Best, most known for playing the bumbling Sheriff Rosco P. Coltrane on The Dukes of Hazzard, has passed away from complications following a battle with pneumonia. He was 88 years old.
Weekend Box Office Report: 'Furious 7' Smashes April Records
The early estimates for the opening weekend gross of Furious 7 are all over the place and we probably won't have a definitive number until tomorrow, when the dust finally settles and everyone gets a chance to breathe. However, this one thing we know for sure: the seventh film in the Fast and Furious series didn't just shatter in-franchise records, it shattered records for any April release.
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Czech: An Essential Grammar
Czech: An Essential Grammar is a practical reference guide to the core structures and features of modern Czech. Presenting a fresh and accessible description of the language, this engaging grammar uses clear, jargon-free explanations and sets out the complexities of Czech in short, readable sections.
Suitable for either independent study or for students in schools, colleges, universities and adult classes of all types, key features include:
* focus on the morphology and syntax of the language
* clear explanations of grammatical terms
* full use of authentic examples
* detailed contents list and index for easy access to information.
With an emphasis on the Czech that native speakers use today, Czech: An Essential Grammar will help students to read, speak and write the language with greater confidence.less
288 pages; ISBN 9781134444045
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Title: Czech: An Essential Grammar
Author: James Naughton
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text: If you are looking for a perfect destination in Colorado, head to Stone Mountain Lodge and Cabins. The setting within the beautiful back drop of the Rocky Mountains transports you to a land of wonder and relaxation. The town of Lyons hearkens back to a day of yesteryear where one can experience the calm and mellow movement of a small... More


text:
Two U.S. papal visits share a sense of hope
At the Intersection: One thing has remained the same between the 1999 and 2015 U.S. papal visits: a sense of expectation and hope.
At the Intersection: One thing has remained the same between the 1999 and 2015 U.S. papal visits: a sense of expectation and hope.
NCR Today: In truth, the church changed more in the 50 years since Vatican II than in the first 2,000 years -- just like everything else in the world.
Pope Francis is shunning the expansive papal summer palace in Castel Gandolfo, Italy, for the third time since 2013.
Faith and Justice: Pope Francis' training as a scientist and his life experience helps explain his approach to the environment in Laudato Si'.
Helping to inaugurate an exhibit at the Vatican, the chief rabbi of Rome noted just how much "times have changed."
"Seeing in St. Peter's Square the banner announcing the exhibit with an image of a pope -- that's normal -- but a pope shaking hands with a rabbi? That's not normal. It's a sign of how times have changed," Rabbi Riccardo Di Segni said.
The banner shows the late St. John Paul II and the late Chief Rabbi Elio Toaff greeting each other in 1986 at Rome's main synagogue. John Paul was the first pope in modern history to enter a synagogue.
The death penalty is a grim topic. It's taking a forceful act of my will to set me to the task of writing about it. But a few events have converged, one involving me slightly, and I want to tell you.
Cardinal William Baum, the archbishop of Washington from 1973 to 1980, died Thursday at the age of 88 after a long illness. He was a cardinal for 39 years -- the longest such tenure in U.S. church history.
Baum witnessed history from the Second Vatican Council through the election of the first Latin American pope, and he made history himself.
A Roman Observer: A few years ago, an American bishop who has since retired described the last ad limina visit he made to Rome under Pope John Paul II.
A Roman Observer: All is not well with the way the Roman church makes its pastoral-administrative decisions, discerns the call of the Spirit, or chooses its bishops.
Laudato Si' embraces what Francis calls a "very solid scientific consensus" that humans are causing cataclysmic climate change endangering the planet.


text: [ States Ask For Fracking Rule Injunction By Associated Press May 31, 2015 CHEYENNE, Wyo. (AP) — The states of Wyoming and Colorado are asking a federal judge to block the U.S.Bureau of Land Management from implementing its hydraulic fracturing rule. Read More|Comment Category: Associated Press, Wyoming News Tags: blm, fracking Send to a friend! Share on Facebook Share on Twitter Pin it! Reddit This! Share on Tumblr!


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|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Sep 9, 2003
|Filing date
|May 22, 2001
|Priority date
|May 22, 2000
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Hermann Kueblbeck, Ernst Rottenkolber, Peter Steiner, Helmut Steurer, Peter Weidel
|Original Assignee
|Temic Telefunken Microelectronic Gmbh
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (23), Referenced by (30), Classifications (21), Legal Events (7)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a method for rollover detection for automotive vehicles with safety-related devices, in which the angular velocity of rolling or rotary motions around the longitudinal axis (roll-axis) of the vehicle is measured by means of a gyrosensor.
2. Description of the Related Technology
A method for rollover detection is known from DE 196 09 717 A1, in which, in each case an angular rate sensor measures the angular velocity around the vertical axis (yaw axis), the longitudinal axis and the transverse axis (pitch axis) of the vehicle, and detects a rollover when at least one of the measured angular velocities exceeds a defined threshold value (limiting value) Furthermore, this publication proposes calculating the rotational energy of the vehicle from the angular velocities, and indicating an impending rollover when the rotational energy exceeds a defined threshold. However, the disadvantage of this method is that false decisions cannot be excluded, when for example the vehicle is traveling over steep terrain, is subject to slow rolling motions while traveling around curves or fast rolling motions, especially when entering steep curves.
In order to avoid such false decisions in the rollover detection, in DE 197 44 084 it is proposed to determine the initial position, that is the starting position of the vehicle, by measuring the accelerations of the vehicle in the directions of its vertical axis (yaw axis), longitudinal axis and transverse axis (pitch axis) in order to be able to calculate from them the initial position angle, that is the starting position angle. This initial position angle is used as an integration constant for integrating measured angular rates, for example around the longitudinal axis, to determine the current position angle of the vehicle. The implementation of this known method is expensive because it requires a large number of sensors—three acceleration sensors and at least one angular rate sensor. Apart from that, the reliability of this method needs improvement because the threshold value cannot be specified in such a manner that all the rollover scenarios which occur (that is fast and slow rollovers, driving through a steep curve or driving along a screw ramp with a subsequent rollover) are detected with certainty and reliability.
A method for detecting a rollover in which only one inclination sensor and one angular rate sensor are used is known from WO99/50103. In this known method, a safety-related device is triggered when both the signal from the angular rate sensor and the signal from the inclination sensor exceed their defined threshold values. Because only the angular velocity, taking into consideration the angular position of the vehicle, is used for detecting a rollover, only fast rollovers can be detected in good time with this arrangement, not however, slow, so-called quasi-static rollovers.
Finally, a safety system for automotive vehicles with an electronic arrangement for controlling at least one safety-related device in case of an automotive vehicle rollover is known from EP 0,430,813 B1. This safety system contains a gyrometer (angular rate sensor or gyrosensor) which measures the rotational velocity of the rolling motion, and accelerometers for measuring the acceleration values in the directions of the vertical, longitudinal and transverse axes in order to calculate from them a value proportional to the inclination angle in the transverse direction, etc. When a threshold value is exceeded by this last-mentioned value, the signals coming from the gyrometer and from the acceleration sensors are evaluated by the electronics arrangement which controls the triggering of the safety-related device by integrating the angular rate signal during a defined time window. This simply prevents the integration from overflowing.
The primary disadvantage of the triggering algorithm used in the above known safety system is that, as well as the signals of the angular rate sensor, other signals are required to prevent the integration from overflowing, namely signals from acceleration sensors which simply serve the purpose of enabling the angular rate sensor signals to be evaluated, but which result in high manufacturing costs for the overall system. A further known disadvantage is that the evaluation of the angular rate signal does not take into consideration the automotive vehicle position, that is the starting position angle in relation to the horizontal plane.
The object of the present invention is to provide a method for detecting rollovers in automotive vehicles which avoids the above-mentioned disadvantages, that is, it can be implemented economically, but is nevertheless highly reliable, both in respect of detecting a rollover in good time as well as in excluding false triggering.
According to the present invention, this object is achieved such that, starting from the position angle indicating the initial position of the vehicle, the integrated angular rate signal—as an angle of rotation—is added so that the amount of this value proportional to the momentary inclination angle (in relation to the horizontal plane) can be compared with a trigger threshold which is a function of the angular rate. If this trigger threshold is exceeded by the summation value, then a safety-related device is triggered, for example a roll bar, seat-belt tensioners and possibly a plurality of airbags.
In an advantageous embodiment of the method according to the invention, additional dynamic motion variables of the vehicle are recorded, these may preferably be accelerations in the directions of the vertical axis, the transverse axis and the inclination in relation to the horizontal position in the transverse direction, and their plausibility, that is their self-consistency, is evaluated. If these values are intrinsically self-consistent, from the acceleration values, the current inclination angle or, if the sensor generating the initial position signal is used as an inclination sensor, its value as a current inclination angle is used as the starting variable of the integration of the angular rate signal and the integral is reset to zero at the same time. However, if these values are not assessed as self-consistent, then the calculated inclination angle is reduced to an assessed value, and this assessed value is used as the starting variable of the integration of the angular rate signal, in which, here again, the integral is reset to zero before this assessed value is taken over.
With an integration of the angular rate performed over a longer period, errors and deviations from the actual angle of rotation are taken into account and avoided, so that the reliability of the method is further increased.
The value zero is preferably taken as the assessed value for the current inclination angle, or the value of the last inclination angle determined from the dynamic motion variables which was assessed as being self-consistent is used. In this regard, the calculated current inclination angle can be returned in stages to the assessed value in successive time segments, or this can take place continuously over a defined time segment.
This return eliminates several sources of error. So, on the one hand, the drift velocity (i.e. the stability of the quiescent value) of the gyrosensor is taken into account by selecting the time segments according to the magnitude of this drift velocity, preferably in the order of minutes, and, on the other hand, inertial forces resulting from dynamic processes may falsify the values of sensors which indicate the level of a fluid, and thus respond correspondingly slowly, or lead to a "spill over" in the case of short and sharp accelerations in their direction of sensitivity, or as acceleration sensors measured values generated under fast motions (for example in the Z- and Y-directions) do not permit a sufficiently exact calculation of an inclination because of the occurring inertial forces. Finally, when driven along a bumpy track, the minor inclination fluctuations which occur must be prevented from being integrated to form a critical value. The plausibility test only accepts a measured value as a value proportional to the inclination angle if all the sensors' measured values are in defined, self-consistent relations to one another.
Preferably, the vertical acceleration az and, if applicable, the lateral acceleration ay can also be measured as additional dynamic motion variables—if the inclination is to be calculated from them—as well as the value for the inclination angle α supplied by the initial position sensor (more precisely: the value proportional to this). The az and ay values supplied by the acceleration sensors and the α values generated by this inclination sensor, or the values calculated for the current inclination angle on the basis of the az and ay values are tested for plausibility, i.e. for self-consistency. The advantage of these measures is that more accurate information about the current inclination angle can be generated, which then forms the integration constant for the angular rate signal which significantly increases the reliability.
An embodiment according to the method of the invention is explained in detail in the following and illustrated by the figures.
They show:
FIG. 1 a block diagram of a safety system for performing the method according to the invention with an angular rate sensor;
FIG. 2 an ω/α graph of equation (2) as a theoretical rollover curve;
FIG. 3 a flow diagram for the software implementation of the safety system according to FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 a section of the flow diagram according to FIG. 3 which states concrete dynamic variables for performing a plausibility test; and
FIG. 5 a flow diagram for performing a plausibility test with the variables ωx, az and α.
FIG. 1 shows, as an embodiment of the method according to the invention, a safety system for automotive vehicles with an ignition stage 9 for triggering a safety-related device, such as a roll bar, a seat-belt tensioner or (side) airbags. This safety system comprises an angular rate sensor or gyrosensor 1, which generates a signal proportional to the angular velocity ωx (angular rate) around the longitudinal axis (X-axis) of the vehicle, which is fed to a function block 4 for calculating the angle of rotation integral ∫ωxdt, a function block 6 for generating a trigger threshold value S(ω) according to the formula αtip−k|ω| and a function block 7 for the plausibility test. Thereby the vehicle-specific constant k is matched to the vehicle concerned, whereby this is determined, for example, from concrete crash signatures of a specific vehicle type and/or has been determined through experiments with this vehicle type. This constant k may also be variably set as a function of the vehicle state and/or from the crash sequence, that is as a function of the measured α and/or ω values. For example, k might be reduced if large α or ω values suddenly occur and the trigger threshold value S(ω) is thus lowered in order to ensure early triggering of the safety-related device if there is a fast rollover. Furthermore, prior α and/or ω values, that is the prior history of the vehicle state and/or a crash sequence, may be included. In this way, low α or ω values which have been present for a long time could lower the constant k with a consequent lowering of the trigger threshold value S(ω) in order to ensure reliable triggering even when the vehicle is turning over slowly. If the course of the prior ω values and/or signal components (for example, az or ay) of additional sensors enables a conclusion to be made about the wheels rebounding, this can be interpreted as the start of a rollover and lead to adaptation of the constant k, in that it is reduced.
Furthermore, an initial position sensor 2 is provided which generates a signal α0 proportional to the inclination of the transverse axis (Y-axis) of the vehicle in relation to the horizontal plane which is passed on to a function block 5 for generating an integration constant αstart. Finally, additional sensors 3 are provided for detecting additional dynamic vehicle states, such as acceleration sensors in the direction of the vertical axis (Z-axis) and, if applicable, the transverse axis (Y-axis) whose measured values az and ay and the signal α0 of the initial position sensor 2 are fed to the function block 7, whose function is described below.
The output signals of the function blocks 4 and 5 are added or summed to a value αcurr,calc proportional to the current inclination angle in the transverse direction of the vehicle with a summing element 13 according to the formula
∫ωx dt+αstart, with αstart=α0 (1)
and fed to the non-inverting input of a comparator 8 via an absolute value device 15. The trigger threshold value S(ω) generated by the function block 6 is present at the inverting input of the comparator 8.
As soon as the absolute value of the calculated value αcurr,calc at the comparator 8 exceeds the trigger threshold value S(ω), the H signal generated by the comparator 8 is fed to the ignition stage 9 to trigger a safety-related device which is not shown here.
The formula for calculating the trigger threshold value, which has already been given above,
with a vehicle-specific constant k represents a theoretical rollover curve of a vehicle whose ω/α graph is shown in FIG. 2 with the reference number 1. Therein, |ω| represents the magnitude or value of the rotational velocity of the rolling motion which occurs in the case of an impending vehicle rollover in relation to its X-axis and |α| represents the magnitude or value of the inclination angle in the Y-direction of the vehicle. The ω/α graph divides the first quadrant into two fields, which on the one hand concern vehicle states with ω/α combinations which should lead to triggering of a safety-related device, that is fire scenarios, and on the other hand represent no-fire scenarios, whose ω/α combinations should not lead to triggering of the safety-related device. The ωlimit, 0 combination and 0, αtip combination represent a boundary state of a vehicle with a rotational velocity ωlimit in relation to the X-axis and an inclination angle of 0� and/or with a rotational velocity 0 and an inclination angle (static tipping angle) αtip which leads to a rollover. These parameters are vehicle-specific and therefore have to be determined for each vehicle type.
As well as the rollover curve. 1, FIG. 2 also shows three rollover scenarios with the curves 2, 3 and 4. Curve 2 shows the course of a rollover which starts with a high initial velocity, whereas in curve 3 the vehicle is driven onto a screw ramp and then rolls over. Curve 4 represents a quasi-static rollover in which the vehicle reaches the static tipping angle with an angular velocity of almost zero and then rolls over.
For the plausibility test, on the basis of the ωx values provided by the angular rate sensor 1 and the az and if applicable the ay values provided by the acceleration sensors 3, the above-mentioned function block 7 tests the plausibility, i.e. the self-consistency of either the measured values (α0) generated by the initial position sensor 2, which is used as an inclination sensor (and therefore is referred to as an inclination sensor in the following) or if applicable the angle calculated on the basis of the az and ay values. The advantage of this measure is that more accurate information about the current inclination angle can be generated. That is, if a plausible, that is self-consistent value αcurr is present, then this value αcurr released via a line 11 connecting the function group 7 to the function group 5, and which at the same time resets the angle of rotation integral ∫ωxdt via a line 10 to function group 4 with the consequence that this value is set by the function group 5 as the starting angle αstart and thus serves as integration constant for the angle of rotation integral ∫ωxdt generated by the function group 4, and the most accurate value possible αcurr,calc can be calculated at the adder or summing element 13 in order to prevent triggering in no-fire scenarios with high reliability.
The plausibility test therefore only accepts a measured value αcurr proportional to the current inclination angle of the vehicle generated by the inclination sensor 2 as such if all measured values of the other sensors involved are in defined self-consistent relations, and fulfill specific criteria, such as are shown below in connection with the explanation of FIG. 5.
The plausibility test can detect a "false" measured value of the inclination sensor, so that the starting angle αstart is reduced to an assessed value αass. This assessed value αass is fed to the function group 5 via a line 12, while at the same time the angle of rotation integral ∫ωxdt is also reset via the already mentioned line 10. The value zero or the last value recognized as plausible can be used as the assessed value.
The risk of indicating a "false" value arises from, for example, the physical principle of conventional inclination sensors. Thus there are sensors which indicate the level of a fluid, and if there is a short, sharp acceleration in their direction of sensitivity this leads to an "overspill" and they may then indicate a value which is too high. Inertial forces acting on acceleration sensors can also lead to inexact measured values which make a plausibility test necessary.
Furthermore, the plausibility test should also correct fundamental errors occurring in the integration. Namely, on the one hand, the angle of rotation αcurr calculated by integration increasingly deviates from the actual angle of rotation with an increasing length of time as a result of error tolerances and, on the other hand, there is a risk when driving over uneven terrain, for example a bumpy track, that the low integration values ensuing therethrough are integrated with an increasing length of time and thus simulate an inclination.
The processing steps to be taken by a microprocessor with a software implementation of the safety system according to FIG. 1 are shown in the flow diagram shown in FIG. 3. According to this, after the start (step S1), the signals of the angular rate sensor are first recorded as ωx values and digitized. A similar process takes place in step S2 in respect of the initial position signal α0. The angle of rotation integral ∫ωxdt is then calculated in step S3, the summation for generating the value αcurr,calc by means of formula (1) and αstart=α0 is carried out in step S4, and the trigger threshold value S(ωx) is calculated by means of formula (2) in step S5, and subsequently the value αcurr,calc is compared with the trigger threshold value S(ωx) (step S6).
If this trigger threshold value S(ωx) is exceeded, then a safety-related device is triggered in step S7, for example a seat-belt tensioner, a side airbag or a roll bar. If the value αcurr,calc remains below this trigger threshold value S(ωx), then the method continues with steps S8 and S9. These processing steps S8 and S9 can also follow the trigger step S7, for example to ensure that if another crash situation occurs, that is a so-called consequent crash, another safety-related device can be triggered.
The additional dynamic state variables of the vehicle measured in step S8 are subjected in step S9 to the plausibility test, which has already been described-above. If these variables can be assessed as intrinsically self-consistent, then the value for the current vehicle inclination angle αcurr can be determined from them in step S10 and this now serves as the initial value for the integration of the ωx value in step S3, in which this integral was previously reset to the value zero and αcurr is defined as αc (step S11). The method continues by measuring the ωx value (step S1) and directly afterwards calculates the angle of rotation integral according to step S3, in which the measurement of the initial position (step S2) is naturally omitted.
If the result of the plausibility test according to step S9 is negative, then the calculated current value αcurr,calc is returned to an assessed value αass (step S13). This assessed value αass then defines the value α0, so that the method is continued with step S14 together with resetting the angle of rotation integral ∫ωxdt to the value zero.
According to FIG. 4, the acceleration in the direction of the vertical axis (Z-axis) of the vehicle and the value α of the inclination sensor 2 (step S8) are used as additional dynamic state variables. These variables, together with the value ωx measured by the gyrosensor 1, are tested for self-consistency in the manner shown in FIG. 5, that is whether the value α measured by the inclination sensor can be taken as plausible.
According to this flow diagram, the ωx value is first checked to see whether it remains below a defined threshold Sωin order to exclude, for example, "false" values resulting from the inertia of the fluid in an inclination sensor (step S91).
According to step S92, the rate of change of velocity of the ωx value may also not exceed a defined threshold Sdω. If this threshold is exceeded, this means that the effect of inertial forces may lead to a "false" measured value.
According to step S93, az values, must not be inconsistent with the conditions of a stable and normal vehicle state, therefore the az value may neither be too small—because otherwise ground undulations are recorded or there is a large inclination angle—nor too large, because then potholes will be recorded or a steep turn is being driven through. The thresholds Sno and Snu are therefore defined on the basis of vehicle data and experiments, taking the measurement tolerances of the az sensor into consideration.
The condition according to step S94 is used to test whether the vehicle is being driven over a bumpy surface. To do this, the az values are filtered with a high-pass or band-pass filter (in the kHz range) and the result of these filtered values is compared with a threshold Sm. If this threshold is exceeded, there is a bumpy surface, in which case the inclination sensor could supply "false" values.
Step S95 also tests whether the rate of change of velocity of the value α supplied by the inclination sensor, which is measured at a threshold Sdα, is too high because then forces act on the vehicle which cause the fluid in the inclination sensor to wobble, which results in the generation of "false" values.
Finally, a check is made to see whether the value α is consistent with the az value measured by the acceleration sensor in the Z-direction (step S96), because the last named value must approximately correspond to cos α.
If all the conditions in steps S91 to S96 are present, then the value α supplied by the inclination sensor is assessed as plausible (step S97). If, on the contrary, one of these conditions is not fulfilled then this value is assessed as implausible (step S98). It should be clearly understood, in the context of the plausibility test, that all the tests listed in FIG. 5 do not need to be performed, and also that still further test conditions can be made.
In the case of a plausibility test producing a negative result, returning to an assessed value αass can be done in various ways. Firstly, the value zero can be used as the assessed value αass, above all if a very long time has elapsed since the last value α was assessed as plausible. Alternatively, the last value α assessed as being plausible can be used as the assessed value αass.
The current calculated value αcurr,calc may also be returned to the assessed value αass in various ways. For example, the return may take place immediately or after a delay, in one step or in stages at successive time intervals, that is both the starting angle αstart in the direction of the assessed value as well as the angle of rotation integral ∫ωxdt in the direction of the value zero, as well as continuously over a defined period of time. The time intervals thereby selected are determined according to the drift velocity of the gyrosensor being used (which corresponds to the stability of the quiescent value) and ranges in the order of minutes and/or according to the value of the resolution of the measurement.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Jul 29, 1994
|Sep 17, 1996
|Daimler-Benz Ag
|Method for determining variables characterizing vehicle handling
|Feb 6, 1998
|Dec 14, 1999
|Delco Electronics Corporation
|Vehicle rollover sensing
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|Mar 14, 2000
|Delco Electronics Corporation
|Vehicle rollover sensing using short-term integration
|Oct 17, 1996
|Apr 25, 2000
|Robert Bosch Gmbh
|Arrangement for detecting motor-vehicle roll-overs
|May 13, 1997
|Sep 5, 2000
|Temic Telefunken Microelectronic Gmbh
|Triggering process for passive safety devices in vehicles
|Oct 10, 1996
|Oct 31, 2000
|Robert Bosch Gmbh
|Method and arrangement for detecting a vehicle roll-over
|May 9, 1998
|Apr 24, 2001
|Robert Bosch Gmbh
|Method and device for monitoring sensors in a vehicle
|Mar 13, 1998
|Jul 10, 2001
|Robert Bosch Gmbh
|Method and device for determining a vehicle inertial position
|Nov 24, 1999
|Nov 6, 2001
|Daimlerchrysler Ag
|Method of updating the trigger threshold of a passive safety system
|Mar 5, 2001
|Jan 31, 2002
|Michael Feser
|Method for controlling an occupant protection device in a vehicle, and a control device therefor
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|Daimler Benz Ag
|Verfahren zur Bestimmung des Fahrverhalten charakterisierender Gr��en
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|Verfahren und Anordnung zum Erkennen eines Fahrzeug-�berschlags
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|Jan 28, 1999
|Bosch Gmbh Robert
|Verfahren und Anordnung zum Ermitteln der Inertiallage eines Fahrzeugs
|Oct 6, 1997
|Apr 8, 1999
|Bosch Gmbh Robert
|Arrangement for producing trigger signal for safety unit in vehicle with roll operation
|Oct 6, 1997
|Apr 8, 1999
|Bosch Gmbh Robert
|Determining inertial condition of vehicle by measuring accelerations in three axes
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|Bosch Gmbh Robert
|Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur �berwachung von Sensoren in einem Fahrzeug
|Mar 30, 1998
|Oct 14, 1999
|Siemens Ag
|Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Ausl�sung eines Insassenschutzsystems bei einem Kraftfahrzeug�berschlag
|Jun 25, 1998
|Dec 30, 1999
|Bosch Gmbh Robert
|Determining critical angle of motor vehicle leading to rollover
|Nov 30, 1990
|Dec 29, 1993
|Regie Nationale Des Usines Renault S.A.
|Safety device for motor vehicles
|Jun 17, 1999
|Dec 22, 1999
|Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha
|Roll over determining method
|Sep 15, 1998
|Apr 15, 1999
|Bosch Gmbh Robert
|System for producing a release signal for a vehicle safety device
|Mar 26, 1999
|Oct 7, 1999
|Achhammer Guenter
|Device and method for triggering a passenger protection system during vehicle rollover
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Mar 19, 2003
|Jun 6, 2006
|Automotive Systems Laboratory, Inc.
|Vehicle rollover detection system
|Jul 9, 2003
|Nov 14, 2006
|Denso Corporation
|System for activating passenger-protecting device mounted on automotive vehicle
|Dec 21, 2004
|Mar 13, 2007
|Delphi Technologies, Inc.
|Motor vehicle control using a dynamic feedforward approach
|Jul 13, 2005
|Nov 6, 2007
|Honda Motor Co., Ltd.
|Angular velocity measuring device and leg-moving robot
|Mar 11, 2003
|Jan 27, 2009
|Robert Bosch Gmbh
|Apparatus for detecting a vehicle rollover
|Dec 21, 2004
|Mar 10, 2009
|Delphi Technologies, Inc.
|Feedforward control of motor vehicle roll angle
|Feb 26, 2004
|Jan 26, 2010
|Ford Global Technologies, Llc
|Active driven wheel lift identification for an automotive vehicle
|Dec 13, 2004
|Feb 9, 2010
|Ford Global Technologies, Llc
|System for dynamically determining vehicle rear/trunk loading for use in a vehicle control system
|Oct 15, 2004
|Feb 23, 2010
|Ford Global Technologies
|System and method for dynamically determining vehicle loading and vertical loading distance for use in a vehicle dynamic control system
|Oct 25, 2004
|May 11, 2010
|Ford Global Technologies
|System and method for qualitatively determining vehicle loading conditions
|Jun 16, 2005
|May 25, 2010
|Siemens Ag
|Method and device for detecting a rollover situation of a motor vehicle
|Jan 5, 2010
|Jan 25, 2011
|Ford Global Technologies
|System and method for dynamically determining vehicle loading and vertical loading distance for use in a vehicle dynamic control system
|Jan 5, 2010
|Jan 25, 2011
|Ford Global Technologies
|System and method for dynamically determining vehicle loading and vertical loading distance for use in a vehicle dynamic control system
|Jan 5, 2010
|Jan 25, 2011
|Ford Global Technologies
|System and method for dynamically determining vehicle loading and vertical loading distance for use in a vehicle dynamic control system
|Jan 5, 2010
|Jan 25, 2011
|Ford Global Technologies
|System and method for dynamically determining vehicle loading and vertical loading distance for use in a vehicle dynamic control system
|Mar 10, 2010
|Mar 1, 2011
|Ford Global Technologies
|System and method for qualitatively determining vehicle loading conditions
|Sep 3, 2009
|Aug 23, 2011
|Ford Global Technologies
|System for dynamically determining axle loadings of a moving vehicle using integrated sensing system and its application in vehicle dynamics controls
|Dec 18, 2009
|Aug 23, 2011
|Ford Global Technologies
|System for dynamically determining vehicle rear/trunk loading for use in a vehicle control system
|Jan 5, 2010
|Nov 1, 2011
|Ford Global Technologies
|System and method for dynamically determining vehicle loading and vertical loading distance for use in a vehicle dynamic control system
|Nov 9, 2005
|Feb 21, 2012
|Ford Global Technologies
|System for determining torque and tire forces using integrated sensing system
|Dec 18, 2009
|Jul 10, 2012
|Ford Global Technologies
|System for dynamically determining vehicle rear/trunk loading for use in a vehicle control system
|Aug 6, 2009
|Nov 13, 2012
|Ford Global Technologies
|Integrated vehicle control system using dynamically determined vehicle conditions
|Jul 11, 2006
|Dec 18, 2012
|GM Global Technology Operations LLC
|Method for controlling a belt pretensioner and safety arrangement comprising a belt pretensioner
|May 9, 2012
|Jan 1, 2013
|Ford Global Technologies
|System for dynamically determining vehicle rear/trunk loading for use in a vehicle control system
|Aug 6, 2009
|Jan 1, 2013
|Ford Global Technologies
|Integrated vehicle control system using dynamically determined vehicle conditions
|Aug 6, 2009
|Jan 8, 2013
|Ford Global Technologies
|Integrated vehicle control system using dynamically determined vehicle conditions
|Aug 6, 2009
|May 14, 2013
|Ford Global Technologies
|Integrated vehicle control system using dynamically determined vehicle conditions
|May 2, 2003
|Sep 22, 2005
|Hermann Kueblbeck
|Method for releasing a safety device in a motor vehicle in the event of an overturn
|Aug 16, 2003
|Jul 27, 2006
|Martin Auer
|Control device and priming method for an element protecting a vehicle passenger and/or a road user
|Feb 11, 2005
|Aug 17, 2006
|Schubert Peter J
|Vehicle rollover detection method based on differential z-axis acceleration
|U.S. Classification
|701/45, 180/282, 701/46, 340/440, 180/271, 701/47
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|May 22, 2001
Owner name: TEMIC TELEFUNKEN MICROELECTRONIC GMBH, GERMANY
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:KUEBLBECK, HERMANN;ROTTENKOLBER, ERNST;STEINER, PETER;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:011842/0377;SIGNING DATES FROM 20010510 TO 20010518
|Sep 17, 2001
Owner name: TEMIC TELEFUNKEN MICROELECTRONIC GMBH, GERMANY
Free format text: CORRECTED ASSIGNMENT PREVIOUSLY RECORDED AT REEL 011842, FRAME 0377.;ASSIGNORS:KUEBLBECK, HERMANN;ROTTENKOLBER, ERNST;STEINER, PETER;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:012519/0813;SIGNING DATES FROM 20010625 TO 20010830
|Apr 6, 2004
|Certificate of correction
|Jun 7, 2005
|Certificate of correction
|Mar 6, 2007
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|Mar 4, 2011
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 8
|Apr 17, 2015
|Maintenance fee reminder mailed


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Justin Verlander
Sponsored By
Justin Verlander And Kate Upton Party With Adam Sandler And Judd Apatow [PHOTO]In a photo posted by the 'Funny People' producer, Judd Apatow, showed himself, Verlander, Upton, Sandler, Andy Dick, David Spade and Leslie Mann all hanging out.
Al Avila Wraps Up Tigers Season: Ausmus Can 'Get Through Almost Anything'"I always said your true self comes out when things don't go well," Avila said.
Tigers' Rookies Dress Up As 'Sexy' Cowboys And Indians [PHOTOS]How do you think Ausmus feels about this?
Kate Upton Tells Story About Justin Verlander Wanting To Get "Blackout Drunk" After LossAt least it shows he cares.
Verlander Up To 99 MPH In 7th As Tigers Beat White Sox 7-4Justin Verlander hit 99 mph in escaping a bases-loaded jam during his final inning, and Victor Martinez hit his 200th career home run as the Detroit Tigers beat the Chicago White Sox 7-4 on Wednesday.
Tigers Host Cleveland To Wrap 3-Game SeriesDetroit improved to 10-4 in the season series Saturday with only its third win in 15 games.
Kate Upton And Justin Verlander Edge Walk At The CN Tower [PHOTOS]I think at a certain point in every mans life that they get jealous over someone else.
Justin Verlander An Inch Away From History, But Still Vintage Verlander In One-Hitter"This has a special meaning because of the way the fans were treating me and reacting. … It really (gave) me goosebumps coming off the mound in the seventh."
Iannetta Ends Verlander's No-Hit Bid With No Outs In 9thChris Iannetta hit a leadoff double off the chalk on the left field line to end Justin Verlander's no-hit bid for the Detroit Tigers in the ninth inning.
This Week In Baseball: MLB Gets New Domestic Violence Policy RightThe MLB and MLBPA announced a new domestic violence policy over the weekend and they look like they got it right.
[VIDEO] Kate Upton: I Really Do Love A Small BikiniSports Illustrated released a new video Thursday from a recent shoot with swimsuit model and actress Kate Upton.
Verlander Outlasts Archer, Tigers Beat Rays 2-1Justin Verlander outlasted Chris Archer for his first win this season and the Detroit Tigers avoided a three-game sweep by beating the Tampa Bay Rays 2-1 on Wednesday.


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China Releases Tibetan Filmmaker From Jail After Six Years
Dhondup Wangchen was jailed for subversion after making a documentary about the political situation in the Himalayan region.
Chinese authorities have released jailed Tibetan filmmaker Dhondup Wangchen after the documentarian and activist served six years for charges of "subversion" and "inciting separatism," Tibetan rights organizations said on Friday.
Dhondup and his assistant, Jigme Gyatso, were detained in March 2008, after they made Leaving Fear Behind, a documentary featuring Tibetans in the Qinghai province expressing views on the Dalai Lama, the exiled Tibetan spiritual leader; the Olympic Games, which were held in Beijing that year; and Chinese law.
Before his arrest, Dhondup smuggled the footage overseas, and the film has been screened worldwide.
Tibet has been firmly under Beijing's command since the People's Liberation Army marched into the overwhelmingly Buddhist Himalayan region in 1950, when Beijing claims it freed Tibet from what was effectively a theocracy until the Dalai Lama fled into exile in India after a failed uprising in 1959.
Beijing accuses the Dalai Lama of pushing for the separation of Tibet from China, labeling him a dangerous "splittist" who is agitating for independence. The Chinese government says it is bringing prosperity to a traditionally impoverished area.
In July 2009, officials barred lawyer Li Dunyong from representing Wangchen and charged him with "inciting separatism," the International Campaign for Tibet said in a statement.
His jail term included time in solitary confinement from March 2012, but he was later transferred to Qinghai Women's Prison in Xining, where conditions "improved" and relatives were able to visit him.
The ICT welcomed Dhondup's release, with its president, Matteo Mecacci, saying: "He was held six years too long for simply making a film. Freedom of expression is a universal right and must be exercised by all citizens. We are glad Dhondup has now left the prison, and we hope he will soon be able to rejoin his family."
The filmmaker was awarded the International Press Freedom Award in 2012 and was also honored by Amnesty International. The U.S. government raised his case at the U.S.-China Human Rights Dialogue last year.
Never miss a story. Stay up-to-date with THR's Daily Headlines.
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Hollywood's Notable Deaths of 2015


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January 16, 2008 Readings
"The Long Arm of the Law: Criminal and Civil Enforcement in Corporate Governance after Enron and the Backdating Scandal"
1. Linda Chatman Thomsen, Director, Division of Enforcement, U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, Remarks Before the 27th Annual Ray Garrett, Jr. Corporate and Securities Law Institute 2007 (May 4, 2007)
2. James R. Doty, Toward a Reg. FCPA: A Modest Proposal for Change in Administering the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, 62 Bus. Law. 1233 (2007).
3. Senate Bill S.186, Attorney-Client Privilege Protection Act of 2007
4. Memorandum on Principles of Federal Prosecution of Business Organizations, U.S. Department of Justice, Office of the Attorney General (2006) ("McNulty Memo")
5. Memorandum on Principles of Federal Prosecution of Business Organizations, U.S. Department of Justice, Office of the Attorney General, (Jan. 20, 2003) ("Thompson Memo")
6. Securities and Exchange Commission, Report of Investigation Pursuant to Section 21(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and Commission Statement on the Relationship of Cooperation to Agency Enforcement Decisions, Exchange Act Release No. 44969 (Oct. 23, 2001) ("Seaboard Release")
7. Statement of the Securities and Exchange Commission Concerning Financial Penalties (Jan. 4, 2006)
8. Market Impact of Corporate Wrongdoing


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Lanna B. DexterFebruary 20,2013Lanna B. Dexter Rites
SPRINGFIELD The funeral service for Lanna B. Dexter, 87, who died Feb. 13, 2013, was held Monday, Feb. 18, at St. Marks Episcopal Church in Springfield.
Boris von York and David Shuffleburg officiated.
Organist was Peter Walker.
Eulogy was given by Deanna Dexter.
Bearers were Deke Dexter, Patrick Kelley, Jerry, John and Jeff Neronsky, and Adam Staron.
Burial followed in Oakland Cemetery in Springfield.
Arrangements were under the direction of the Davis Memorial Chapel in Springfield.MORE IN Obituaries
John Waldron rites
A funeral service for John A. Waldron, 64, who died Oct. Full Story
Patti Romp
SALISBURY — Patti Romp, 59, of Salisbury, died Thursday, October 8, 2015. Full Story
Westney P. Turner
OCALA, Fla. — Mr. Full Story
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We're an independent agency based in London, Miami and Brighton. We drive commercial success for our clients by applying Brand Action™, joined-up data, creative technology and content frameworks to the way that people buy today – a digitally-fuelled, non-linear and dynamic ecosystem.
More about us See our work
RT @phiajenkins: #o2DigiDave @MBATheAgency - 'Meet Dave': O2 sends personalised holograms to business customers http://t.co/X1IvltvHq2 via …October 6th 2015


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Who would you want to play the captain in Trek series 6
View Single Post
January 25 2011, 07:02 PM
Re: Who would you want to play the captain in Trek series 6
JarodRussell wrote:
Tarek71 wrote:
Captaindemotion wrote:
^ I like to think that Picard is still captaining the Enterprise because of Kirk's advice in GEN not to let them promote him out of that chair.
Indeed! But as Picard would be about 70something now, I think its time for a new generation. Its their turn now. I picture Picard as being ok with the idea of the Enterprise launching under the command of a young 40 something Captain. He had that moment once. Its someone elses turn now. I think the lesson of Picard at the end of Generations was, its ok to grow old and to let go of the past, of the 'what might have beens',etc.
Do you mean the actor's age or the character's age? In the Trek universe people get well beyond 150 years old. I don't think they spend 80 years of their lives in retirement.
About the same for both, although the charachter might be a bit older. Unfortunetly, being played by modern actors who age at todays ordinary rate introduces the ordinary problems associated with that.
It should be said though that humans are never generally shown as aging much differently than they do now. The longer lifespan seems like a lengthening of being elderly and not a prolongation of middle age or youth. They could just cast 60 yo actors and have them say they are 120 but I dont recall that being done. When we see very old humans, they look and seem very old.
So id have to say that 70+ still seems quite old for a captain. In the real world most captains are 40's-50's. Usually by ones 60's theyve retired or been promoted. And you dont get to stay at a rank or a job for any arbitrarily long time that you want to. At some point you get orders that you are being relieved and a new CO is being assigned, and thats that. You have your orders, end of discussion.
Obviously they take a bit of license with this for story and other reasons. But I think its time for a change. This is probably only relevant to fan fiction or the novels as another time travel story in the movies seems slim at best.
Last edited by Tarek71; January 25 2011 at
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The Federal Government's climate change adviser Professor Ross Garnaut
'Makes sense': Ross Garnaut
Updated May 09, 2011 04:43:18
'Makes sense': Ross Garnaut
For information on how you can help, visit abc.net.au/appeals
If you have inside knowledge of a topic in the news, contact the ABC.
This service may include material from Agence France-Presse (AFP), APTN, Reuters, AAP, CNN and the BBC World Service which is copyright and cannot be reproduced.
AEDT = Australian Eastern Daylight Savings Time which is 11 hours ahead of UTC (Greenwich Mean Time)


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View jewish Singles in Cheverly
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K7LHC London Bridge Amateur Radio Club
During the last 30 days this link has been reported as broken.
Check related links to this in Ham Radio/Clubs/North America/USA/Arizona
Lake Havasu City Arizona USA
[ Hits: 463 | Votes: 2 | Rating: 8.50 ]
About K7LHC London Bridge Amateur Radio ClubThis resource is listed in dxzone.com under 1 categories. Its main category is Ham radio clubs in Arizona (Arizona Ham radio clubs). "K7LHC London Bridge Amateur Radio Club" is listed in our web site index since Friday Jun 27 2008 and till now received a total of 463 hits, received 2 votes for a total score of 8.50/10
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Upcoming Events
April 8, 9 and 10, 2016, the WORLD PREMIERE of The Big
Bonanza: A New American Opera in a fully staged production with orchestra,
presented by Nevada Chamber Opera
Recent Projects
Recent CD releases featuring the music of Monica Houghton:
"American Lyricism" MSR
Classics (MS1534) "Sonata
for Piano" performed by Minnesota-based pianist Christopher Atzinger
follow this link to read a recent review http://audaud.com/?p=41598
Menagerie" MSR Classics (MS1474) "Whalefall" performed by Boston-based violist Michelle LaCourse and
composer/pianist Martin Amlin
Cellist Dmitri Atapine with pianist Hyeyeon Park presented the WORLD PREMIERE of "Andean Suite" on February 20, 2015, on a program entitled "The American Cello," in Nightingale Hall at University of Nevada, Reno.
The Argenta Trio performed "Wilderness Portraits: Three Places in Nevada" on the Argenta Concert Series in April 2014, together with works by Beethoven and Brahms.
The composer produced an hour-long benefit concert for the Reno Chamber Orchestra on January 31, 2013, at the Nevada Museum of Art
in Reno, Nevada, featuring five of her chamber works.
Choral music has been a focus recently, with the commission of
"Silicon Valley Moms: Views from a California ESL Class"
premiered by
Voices of Silicon Valley under the direction of Cyril Deaconoff in a
series of two concerts on May 30 and 31, at St. Timothy Lutheran
Church, San Jose, and First Presbyterian Church, Oakland, California.
Here is a link to a
Spanish language article about the project:
"Te lucis ante terminum" for SATB a cappella was recorded by the American Creators Ensemble Chorus at
the 2014 Oregon Bach Festival Composers Symposium
And guitarist Dieter Hennings
presented the aleatoric solo guitar work "Blue Shuffle" in a master
class at the OBFCS, on the campus of the University of Oregon, Eugene.


text:
BELSTAFF INTRODUCES THE STOKER JACKET (http://britishmotorcyclegear.com/
AUGUST 17, 2014 (http://britishmotorcyclegear.com/
Named after a motorcycle engine and taking its inspiration from Belstaff biker jackets of the early 1960s, the Stroker appeals to the man with a daring passion for racing. Named after a classic motorcycle engine known for its horsepower, this leather jacket embodies its legacy with speed stripes to the arms in the signature Goodwood colours of racing green and blue. Diamond quilting to the shoulders and elbows make this classic blouson style an easy choice.
• Asymmetric zip fastening
• 4 external zip pockets
• 1 internal pocket
• Stand collar with popper fastening
• Zips to cuffs
• Quilted stitching to shoulders & elbows
• Stripe detail to arms
• Double buckle adjustments to hips
• Leather logo patch to left sleeve
• Cut short with fit through the body
THe Belstaff Pure Motorcycle line has been distributed by British Motorcycle Gear in North America since 1988. Please check out our web site at www.BritishMotorcycleGEar.com for full line of products available.
Paul Brooks
Paul Brooks


text:
All docks, hoists, buoys, and rafts placed in or over any water open to the public in the state of Iowa must now have a permit. Iowa Administrative Rule 571 - Chapter 16
Installing a new boat dock with electrical? Take note!
All docks must have a sign with their local 911 street address, city and permit number. The information shall be displayed in block letters and numbers at least 1 inch high in a color contrasting with the background, on the water end of the dock, facing away from shore, and shall be plainly visible. The name is not required.
Any fees owed to the department shall be paid in full prior to the installation of any portion of an individual private dock or commercial dock and before a boat is placed in a hoist or slip.
Each dock, hoist, moored vessel or other permitted structure shall be offset a minimum of 5 feet from an adjoining property line. A minimum gap of 10 feet shall be maintained between adjoining docks (including "L" or "T" or catwalk segments), hoists or moored boats. There are exceptions to the offset, length limits, number of hoists and slips, and platform size requirements. Please see the dock rules for details. An Exception Application must be attached to the Class 3 or Class 4 dock permit application.
Class 3 - Non Standard Private Dock
All private docks that are not authorized by Class 1 or Class 2 permits shall require a Class 3 dock permit. Class 3 docks on a natural lake may extend the greater of 100 feet from the water's edge or far enough so that the outer 80 feet of the dock is in 3 feet of water up to a maximum of 300 feet from the water's edge. These lengths shall be measured from the water's edge when the dock is installed. All private docks that have more than two hoists/lifts/slips/racks or a platform that is larger than 200 square feet but no larger than 240 square feet or any raft, platform, mooring buoy or other structures, or an exception to the five foot offset from the property lines must have a Class 3 permit. These permits cost $125 for a five-year permit. Class 3 private dock permits allow a maximum of one hoist or slip for each ten feet of shoreline. There is a fee of $50 per hoist or slip for each hoist or slip in excess of four.
Class 3 Dock Information Sheet
Class 4 Dock - Commercial Dock
Class 4 permits are for commercial docks, defined as a dock used as part of a business and includes a dock extending from residential property if one or more spaces are rented for a fee. These permits cost $250 for a five-year permit. Class 4 commercial dock permits allow a maximum of one hoist or slip for each ten feet of shoreline (this restriction does not apply to marinas). There is a fee of $50 per hoist or slip for each hoist or slip in excess of six, excluding courtesy hoists or slips.
Class 4 Dock Information Sheet
Information on DNR requirements for docks, hoists, buoys, mooring buoys, and rafts can be obtained online.
Dock Management Areas
A Dock Management Area (DMA) is an area as designated by the department which includes an area adjoining public land from which docks extend.
Dock Management Area Information Sheet
This short summary does not include all of the provisions of the new DNR dock rules.
See Iowa Administrative Rule 571 - Chapter 16 for details.


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Raleigh, NCUSA
February 3, 2007
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To embed, copy and paste the code into your website or blog:
Several years ago a firm leader asked me to describe who would get the most out of our client development coaching. I told him to think about the lawyers in his firm who he thought really didn't need coaching; the lawyers that are constantly striving to get better.
I can coach those lawyers. They are coachable. Are you one of those lawyers? Are you coachable?
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Andrew and I went to South America last year, and happily, this meant I could visit Machu Picchu! Which I know I haven't written about yet. 1,062 more words
Tags » Coca Tea
Moving on!
It turns out that Lima was just an overnight stopover on the way to Cuzco. All I saw of Lima was the road to and from the airport. 205 more words
Gasping for Air in Cuzco
Cuzco is an equalizer of newcomers. A heavyweight who effortlessly levels all entering her domain. A formidable opponent who is ruthless to those nonchalant about her power. 1,542 more words
Altitude sickness
Altitude sickness hit me pretty hard in Peru. I've had an upset stomach, with severe cramping, alongside headaches and lightheadedness.
I was the first of 11 to suffer, followed by someone else in our group who got very dizzy and had a big headache. 286 more words
Study Trip Peru (4): CEDNA Project and the most Adorable Restaurant in the World
We all survived the first night at our 'army barracks' hostel, where during the night it's freezing cold. But with a sleeping bag and two extra blankets on the bed, as well as warm and thickly dressed it's do-able. 1,403 more words
The Ultimate Death Road
As with any unforgettable drunken night, the next morning didn't start off too well. Hungover and sleep deprived, we somehow forced ourselves on to a bus at 8am. 460 more words
Altitude or Elevation?
Most people use the two words interchangeably, but they're not really the same. If you find yourself aloft, in a jet plane leaving the US for a South American adventure you are at altitude, a certain distance above mean sea level. 355 more words


text:
WASHINGTON – Six teenagers approached a male victim and tried to rob him in a tunnel in Bethesda, Md. Saturday night, police say.
Montgomery County police responded to a call from a parent who reported an attempted robbery and assault in the tunnel that connects the Capital Crescent Trail to the Georgetown Branch Trail.
The victim was taken to a hospital, but his injuries were not known.
There were two other robberies in the tunnel under Wisconsin Avenue near Elm Street in July.
Related story:
WTOP's Kate Ryan contributed to this report. Follow WTOP on Twitter.
(Copyright 2012 by WTOP. All Rights Reserved.)
Seven are dead and people are still being found and rescued after historic rainfall.


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The hotel has very long corridors and it took ages to reach our room with some steps on the way that did not come handy with our luggage. The room itself was nice with a very spacious bathroom. However, the room smelled so musty that I had to buy a room deodorant to be able to stay there. Maybe it would have been better on an upper floor (we were on the ground floor) but that smell is the memory of this hotel that lasts. The location was convenient to Main Street and the ferry.
- Reservation Options:
- TripAdvisor is proud to partner with Booking.com, Expedia, Travelocity, Hotels.com, Low Cost Holidays, TravelClick, Priceline, Orbitz, Odigeo, Agoda and Hotwire so you can book your Resort and Conference Center at Hyannis reservations with confidence. We help millions of travelers each month to find the perfect hotel for both vacation and business trips, always with the best discounts and special offers.
- Also Known As:
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Company Overview of Facility Matrix Group Inc.
Executive Profile
Chris Sowers
President, Facility Matrix Group Inc.
|Total Calculated Compensation
|This person is connected to 0 Board Members in 0 different organizations across 1 different industries.
Mr. Chris Sowers is currently employed at Facility Matrix Group Inc in the position of President.
Corporate Headquarters
555 Friendly DrivePhone: 248-334-8000
Bloomfield Hills, Michigan 48341
United States
Fax: 248-334-1707
Board Members MembershipsThere is no Board Members Memberships data available.
EducationThere is no Education data available.
Other AffiliationsThere is no Company Affiliations data available.
Annual CompensationThere is no Annual Compensation data available.
Stocks OptionsThere is no Stock Options data available.
Total CompensationThere is no Total Compensation data available.
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