text:
Technology is moving us, finally, towards the vision of personalised medicine
By Tom Raftery on May 29, 2015
Personalised medicine is where a patient's DNA is sequenced, as is the DNA of their tumour (in the case of cancer), and an individualised treatment, specific to the genotype of their cancer is designed and applied.
Posted in Featured Posts, Technology / Software | Tagged Cognitive Computing, HANA, Health, medical research insights, molecular health, personalised medicine, personalized medicine, precision medicine, sap, sapphirenow, Watson
SAPPHIRE 2015: SAP, Amazeballs, but you'd never know it, and that's sad
By Paul Greenberg on May 18, 2015
SAP's annual conference has a long lineage and is arguably one of the most important – and very revealing – conferences in the technology world. They are always amazing and always puzzling. Paul Greenberg explains the conundrum.
Posted in Business, Featured Posts, Technology / Software | Tagged Conference Scorecard, CRM, enterprise software, erp, HANA, sap, SAP Hana, SAP S/4HANA, sapphirenow, SAPPHIRENOW15
How SAP Missed An Opportunity
By Esteban Kolsky on February 4, 2015
Hello, it's me again. Your Friendly SAP — foe? If you follow me you know that I admire the technical prowess of SAP, but despise about twice as much their marketing "acumen" (there are no other words that are politically correct and fit nicely between quotation marks). I wrote about it in more detail in […]
Posted in Business, Featured Posts, Technology / Software | Tagged Cloud Computing, HANA, microsoft, Oracle Corporation, S/4HANA, salesforce.com, SAP AG, SAP S/4HANA, SuccessFactors
The Power of Community Comes to Life at SAP's TechEd
By Susan Scrupski on October 28, 2014
Walking down one of the cavernous halls at the Palazzo hotel in Las Vegas, we approached one of my Enterprise Irregular (EI) colleagues, David Dobrin. Dobrin looked surprised to see me and said, "What are you doing here?" I said, "I'm here to learn!" Yes, I attended my first SAP TechEd this week and this is […]
Posted in Trends & Concepts | Tagged Big Data, Community, conferences, Doctors Without Borders, HANA, sap, SAP TechED, SCN Community, social networking | 2 Responses
SAP Rumored to Launch Hana-Based Cloud Planning Solution Next Week
By Dave Kellogg on October 12, 2014
Well, it's pretty clear that SAP will be announcing something in Chicago on Monday, judging by the above re-tweet from SAP head of EPM product management David Williams, and by the content in the SAP Conference for EPM program, itself: … Continue reading →
Posted in Featured Posts, Technology / Software | Tagged EPM, HANA, NoSQL, salesforce.com, sap, SAP AG | 2 Responses
I sense a disturbance in the enterprise Force
By Vinnie Mirchandani on September 11, 2014
Starting next week I will get briefings from a wide range of enterprise players – Infor, Workday, Oracle, Rimini, Salesforce and Microsoft among them. Conference season is in full swing. I have not been so excited in a long time. The reason is I feel a thaw in the enterprise market. My SAP Economy book […]
Posted in Technology / Software | Tagged HANA, microsoft, Rimini, sap, SAP Hana, workday
Hasso's Dozen
By Vinnie Mirchandani on September 3, 2014
Dr. Hasso Plattner has written a long blog post about Business Suite on HANA. He has 12 reasons justifying why. His passion for the product screams through the post. I wish he would make it a Baker's dozen and add a 13th point: that SAP plans to change its business model around HANA. I am […]
Posted in Business, Featured Posts | Tagged Big Data, google, HANA, Hasso Plattner, ibm, sap, SAP Hana | 3 Responses
Big Data and analysis tools are facilitating huge advances in healthcare
By Tom Raftery on July 28, 2014
As we noted recently here on GreenMonk, technology is revolutionising the healthcare industry, and the pace of change is astounding with new products and services being announced daily. We were recently given a demonstration of two products currently being developed by SAP (Genomic Analyzer, and Medical Insights), and they are very impressive products. The Genomic […]
Posted in Featured Posts, Technology / Software | Tagged baseline study, Cognitive Computing, ehealth, genomic analyzer, HANA, Health, IBM Watson, medical insights, medical technology, sap
Technology is completely revolutionising the healthcare industry
By Tom Raftery on May 29, 2014
Healthcare is changing. Recent advances in technology are completely revolutionising how we approach the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of illness. And this is just the beginning of what will be a technological revolution in healthcare. Smartphone use is growing at an enormous pace. They now account for 87% of the total mobile handsets in the […]
Posted in Featured Posts, Technology / Software | Tagged apple, ehealth, HANA, Health, Healthcare, ibm, iWatch, Medicine, sap, Watson, wellpoint | 2 Responses
The SAP HANA ecosystem – the excitement and the caution
By Vinnie Mirchandani on February 17, 2014
Sorry, Aneel and Marc but if someone were to ask me the most exciting event in the last decade of software, cloud enterprise applications would come in second. The phenomenonal growth of consumer mobile ecosystems would get my first ballot. Thousands of apps and new entrepreneurs, millions of customers, billions in volume and revenues. So, […]
Posted in Business, Featured Posts | Tagged Big Data, HANA, sap | 14 Responses

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Main Navigation
Home Page
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Federal Hill's Neighborhood Italian Eatery
...casual dining for Foodies, Beer Lovers, Locals, and curious travelers
The Bradford
is a little neighborhood gem that started almost 30 years ago as a mom / pop variety store. It serviced the Federal Hill community with coffee, newspapers, milk / bread, cigarettes, lottery. Neighboring business professionals would often pop in for
a quick lunch to-go with
made-to-order foot long subs like potato / eggs, sausage / peppers, and Italian grinders...
And today the variety store has blossomed into a warm, inviting storefront restaurant / bar serving a mixture of neighborhood culture with authentic Italian-American fare...
401 - 432 - 7422
142 Atwells Ave. ~ Federal Hill
Tuesday - Saturday
4:30pm - 10pm
Sangria Sunsets:
Sunday Evenings
7:00pm - 1:00am
enjoy our flavored sangria options, mini tapas menu, and live acoustic
weeknights until 1am
weekends until 2am
~ Available for Private Events ~
The Bradford
Neighborhood Italian Eatery
142 Atwells Ave.
~ Federal Hill ~
Rhode Island
401 432 7422
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Browsing by Title
Showing results 358 to 377 of 1057 < previous next >
|Issue Date
|Evaluation of different South African wheat cultivators under irrigation for quality and yield parameters in Limpopo Province, South Africa
|Mariga, I. K.; Makgoba, Setlabane Samuel; Marojele, M. E.
|Evaluation of dryland maize / pigeonpea intercropping under variable phosphorus application rates
|Mariga, I. K.; Kutu, F. R.; Nndwambi, F. H.
|Evaluation of employee assistance programme in the Department of Public Works: Vhembe District
|Khorombi, Ndivhuwo Nelly
|An evaluation of environmental literacy among grade 12 learners in schools in Ga-Molepo towards a more compliant youth
|Scheepers, T.; Mtshiza, Munhedzi Winnie
|An evaluation of environmental literacy among grade 12 learners in schools in Ga-Molepo towards a more compliant youth
|Scheepers, T; Mtshidza, Munhezi Winnie
|Evaluation of fieldwork practice in social work education at the University of Limpopo (Turfloop Campus) aligning theory and practice
|Makhubele, J. C.; Dimo, Peter Masibinyane
|Evaluation of financial accountability in Mopani District Public Schools of Limpopo Province, South Africa.
|Mahlane, Phaahla Ezekiel
|Evaluation of land use development following a successful land restitution claim with reference to Chatleka land claim in the Capricorn District Municipality , Limpopo Province
|De Villiers, A.; Makgaba, Pompa Phestina; Mtapuri, O.
|Evaluation of local economic development activities at the Makuleke Communal Property Association on a land restitution project in the Ntlhaveni District of Limpopo
|De Villiers, A.; Mashaba, Mzondwa; Mtapuri, O.
|An evaluation of local economic development projects in the Mutale Municipality in the Limpopo Province with reference to the case of MTT and RCP stone crushing projects
|De Villiers, A.; Nemanashi, Fhatuwani Rolet
|Evaluation of mixtures of forage sorghum and selected legumes for Pedi goat production in Limpopo Province
|Ngambi, J. W.; Gwanzura, Tafa; Norris, D.
|An evaluation of participation in the intergrated development planning processes by people with disabilities in Malemati Village in Limpopo Province : Lepelle-Nkumbi municipality
|Sebola, M.P.; Thobejane, Peter Machike
|An evaluation of performance appraisal for supervisors in the Department of Agriculture, Sekhukhune district, Limpopo Province.
|Thornhill, C; Tlowana, Madimetja Peter
|Evaluation of post-settlement support to beneficiaries of land restitution in Mbombela Municipality, Mpumalanga Province
|Moyo, T.; Mokoena, Andrew Walter
|Evaluation of primary non-compliance with discharge medication at a private hospital
|Kruger, Daniel Frederik
|An evaluation of rural-urban migration and its link to informal settlement pattern : a case study of Disteneng in Polokwane Municipality in Limpopo Province
|Mtapuri, O.; Chidi, Segatla Charles
|Evaluation of strategies instituted to improve the tuberculosis control program within Scott Hospital Health Service Area, Lesotho
|Ogunbanjo, G. A.; Makakole, L.
|An evaluation of structural markers in some Northern Sotho/English bilingual dictionaries :a lexicographic perspective
|Madadzhe, R. N.; Letsoalo, Alydia Modjadji
|An Evaluation of the capability of Gauteng's Provincial academic/tertiary hospitals to manage an infectious disease outbreak
|Nathan, Rita
|An evaluation of the effective use of computer-based nursing information system in patient care by professional nurses at Dr George Mukhari Hospital
|Khosa, K.P.; Madumo, M.M.; Ntsoele, Motsegoane Monica Naomi


text:
LVN detox nurse
0 So i just got a job at a detox clinic. I'll be assigned to 1 pt during detox, at our clinic the pt stays on IV's (Vitamins, no meds) during the detox phase,2 weeks. I will in most cases go home with the pt and stay for up to 24hrs or more while they're on an IV drip. My question is. Does anyone know of a class or web series about detoxing from pills? Or certifications for LVNs? We only work with pts addicted to pain meds.
About Elleveein
From 'los angeles ca'; 38 Years Old; Joined Aug '08; Posts: 233; Likes: 111.


text:
Beach Haven NJ Real Estate & Homes For Sale
16 Properties Found
The median home value in Beach Haven, NJ is $589,500.
This is
higher than
the county median home value of $241,400.
The national median home value is $170,100.
The average price of homes sold in Beach Haven, NJ is $589,500.
Approximately 19.42% of Beach Haven homes are owned,
compared to 3.65% rented, while
76.93% are vacant.
Beach Haven real estate listings include condos, townhomes, and single family homes for sale.
Commercial properties are also available.
If you see a property you're interested in, contact a Beach Haven real estate agent to arrange a tour today!
1 - 10 of 16 Properties Displayed
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Courtesy: Van Dyk Group Robert Pileggi
View additional info
This listing is for the BOAT SLIP ONLY. Boaters Paradise awaits you at LBI's private condominium and marina association of Shelter Harbor in The Queen City of Beach Haven. Luxury on a grand scale with an 18x40 foot slip A14 offering floating dock system as well as dockside conveniences such as running water, electric, cable & sewer. Association membership provides you with outside showers, washer/dryer, lockers, bay front club house, in-ground swimming pool, enclosed hot tub area and sauna. All this within walking distance to the white sandy beaches of Long Beach Island and all the landmark town of Beach Haven has to offer. Shopping, restaurants, nightlife and so much more!! Anchor here and enjoy island life!
Courtesy: Weichert Realtors-Ship Bottom Mariea N Kazantzis
View additional info
Great opportunity to own an ocean side Duplex-walk to the beach-2 blocks from the ocean and the bay is even closer.Enjoy the bay views from the 2nd floor balcony.The lot is extra deep to allow you to put a larger shed or even an in ground pool. It is located in Beach Haven Crest and very close to everything LBI offers. There are 3 bdr and 1 bath on each floor; the 1st floor was completely redone 1 year ago; includes tile floor in kitchen and bathroom and laminate flooring for bdrs and living room.The 2nd floor is in the process of getting freshly painted and the living room carpet will be replaced; includes a newer kitchen and bath with tile floor, newer windows,ceiling fans throughout. An outside staircase leads you to the 2nd floor. There is outside shower & circular driveway.
Courtesy: Diane Turton, Realtors-Beach Haven Virginia Messec
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This 3 bdrm home with 1 bdrm rear cottage on 50X100 lot is located Oceanside in the center of Beach Haven. Situated across the street from the tennis courts with gret sunset view from the enclosed porch. Built in 1923, it has been the long time home of one family.
Courtesy: Diane Turton, Realtors-Beach Haven Rita Rapella
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Unique opportunity to own this one of a kind historical home in the heart of Beach Haven. Gutted and completely renovated in 2014. All the renovation you are looking for in a historical home has already been done in order to make this, a totally updated and very charming 3 bedroom home (approx 1,600 sq ft) with all modern amenities. Central air, open floor plan, kitchen with granite countertop, deck overlooking the park and ocean views, laundry room, and much more. Overlooking the Veteran Memorial Park, within walking distance to the beach, restaurants, museum, stores, bars, Fantasy Island, and much more. No need to elevate. The flood insurance is about $350 a year.
Courtesy: Healy Realtors Sandra Healy
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Opportunity is knocking in Beach Haven! Blocks from the ocean, just steps to the bay and ready to have a new home built on it. Located in beautiful Beach Haven close to shopping and amenities! Property previously had a residential duplex building on it. Property is a Fannie Mae Homepath property.
Courtesy: C21/ Pacesetter Realty Joyce Hannon
View additional info
Stunning 4 bdrm reversed-living home in the heart of Beach Haven. Ample room to entertain in the two spacious living areas...a family room with wet bar on first level, and an upper level open living room and dining room - both areas with gleaming hardwood floors. Gorgeous kitchen with granite counters, breakfast bar and stainless steel appliances. All bedrooms are large and the master suite boasts a jetted tub and separate shower. Never run out of hot water again with the tank-less Rinnai hot water heater. Two full length decks and over-sized rooftop deck provide you with bay views, sunsets and breezes. The paver patio is a perfect spot to set up the grill. This fabulous location allows you to walk or bike to everything. An amazing home for a great price!
E 12th Street Beach Haven, NJ 08008
Courtesy: Diane Turton, Realtors-Beach Haven Virginia Messec
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Oceanside 50X100 lot available on 12th St. in Beach Haven. Central location with easy walk to all activities, shopping and restaurants. Present property is being subdivided with owner retaining lot to West for own use. Call listing agent for details. Just listed
Taylor Avenue Beach Haven, NJ 08008
Courtesy: Diane Turton, Realtors-Beach Haven Sally L Volpe
View additional info
Grande Open Floor Plan Offering Three Bedrooms Two and a Half Baths... Brand New Granite Kitchen...All New Stainless Appliances...New Cabinets...All New Hardwood Floors Throughout.....Located in the Heart of Beach Haven...New pictures being updated on 7/26 will reflect all the upgrades/changes...Show during Saturday change-over only...Great Rental Potential...getting $3800 per week...could easily get $4000 Call for details
Courtesy: Van Dyk Group Joseph Marasia
View additional info
Public Remarks2016 sq ft. restaurant on long beach island, seating for 85 inside,10 outside, everything has been replaced in the last 2 years,all equipment is included in sale, 1 stand up freezer, 1 walk in freezer, 5 stand up refrigerators, 10 flavor burst shake machine, 3 heavy duty fryers, steam machine, heavy duty slicing machine, 1 heavy duty microwave oven, 2 regular microwave/convection ovens, 10 stainless steel tables, 2 door bay marie station, 3 grills, 3 cash registers, satalite radio p a system, camera security system inside and outside, huge walk in storage shed, 15 ceiling fans, 2 bathrooms with hand dryers, 22 tables, 5 custum made booths seating 6and 8, 1 40 inch t v in dining room, 1 15 inch t v in kitchen, gas heat, c/a, 3 years left on lease with option
313 3rd Street Beach Haven, NJ 08008
Courtesy: Diane Turton, Realtors-Beach Haven Sally L Volpe
View additional info
Spectacular Raised Ranch Located In The Heart Of Beach Haven. Entertaining Is A Pleasure With This Impressive Open Floor Plan Perfect For Large Groups. Gather Round The Grand Stone Fireplace In The Winter Or Spread Out On The Outdoor Deck For A Sunset BBQ. Enjoy Many Upgrades In This Beautifully Renewed Home...Open Arched Doorways, Corian Counter Tops, Tumbled Marble Bathrooms, Decorative Molding, White Vinyl Fencing, Two Car garage, Central Air... Just to Name A Few....Don't Miss this Opportunity.
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text:
It's become oddly fashionable to bash the White House Correspondents' Association dinner, the giddy juxtaposition of journalists, Hollywood celebrities and strategically-minded operatives that arrives in the nation's capital each spring, just like the circus. Critics claim the annual event has become commercialized, off-message and unbecoming. Indeed, 3,000 "correspondents" vie for attention on Saturday as the network cameras roll for hours on end; C-SPAN, in fact, starts its august coverage in mid-afternoon.
Why should Barbra Streisand, Steven Spielberg and Jon Bon Jovi attend the big event? Well, why shouldn't they? It is humbling. They too will drift along the jammed, glittering hallways of the host hotel this year just like everyone else, negotiating security checkpoints, lofty escalators and the gawk-alistas.
But then, behold the frisson of power. National Rifle Association president David Keene and Republican National Committee Chairman Reince Priebus will also be there; both are guests of The Washington Times, along with National Security Agency deputy director Chris Inglis and National pitcher Gio Gonzalez.
SEE ALSO: White House Correspondents' Dinner 2013: Beltway media, Hollywood elites suffering mutual fatigue
Imagine. Miss Streisand and Mr. Keane at the very same party.
There is value in this.
It is a cultural moment of considerable magnitude, and one that is unique to this event, which is no mere gaudy exercise. Since its small beginning in 1920, the Correspondents Dinner has been a showcase for luminaries from all sectors of the political spectrum. And for a few hours, anyway, they put aside their squabbles, dine on savory fare and toast the glories of bipartisanship. Every president who has ever addressed the crowded ballroom acknowledges that just for the night, ferocious differences are forgotten, and all's well.
The event still has a good-humored dynamic going for it.
"I'm not going to stand up here and deliver one of those worn-out, sentimental homilies about the press and the presidency. Neither of us would believe it," Ronald Reagan told the crowd during his last appearance at the dinner in 1986. "What I hope my epitaph will be with the White House correspondents, what every president's epitaph should be with the press is this: He gave as good as he got. And that I think will make for a healthy press and a healthy presidency."
But wait, there's more. The dinner is also a viable fundraiser for journalism scholarships, it's good for the local economy and for the most part, it does not inspire, say, catfights in the ladies room, stage diving or food throwing.
So it's got that going for it.
And about that C-SPAN coverage. It starts at 3 p.m., just when thousands of guests are eyeing their formal wear and making ready to head downtown to make a 6 p.m. cocktail hour. It is no easy task. The crush of limousines, TV trucks and law enforcement vehicles that surround the hotel is a veritable obstacle course, particularly for women teetering along Connecticut Avenue in heels fit for the boudoir.
The public affairs network, meanwhile, will be airing historical footage of previous dinners in their lead-up to the main events, which include a much ballyhooed red carpet walk, which fires up around 6 p.m., and the actual dinner, which begins at 7:30. Fox News, CNN and MSNBC will also offer red carpet-y coverage, plus the evening's speeches, beginning around 9 p.m.
The E! Network — attuned to red carpets and fashion police of every persuasion — will cover celebrity arrivals for the first time this year.
"Hollywood is taking on D.C.," notes Mariah Haas, an online correspondent for the network. "Marc Malkin and Alicia Quarles will be manning the carpet and interviewing some of the biggest stars attending, next to President Barack Obama and first lady Michelle Obama, of course."
Ms. Haas notes that "celebs expected" include Kevin Spacey, Nicole Kidman, Scarlett Johansson, Kerry Washington, Sofia Vergara and the evening's comedic entertainer Conan O'Brien.


text:
Blackboard is an online course management system used by many Madison Area Technical College instructors. It usually contains the class syllabus, required reading materials, instructor contact information, assignment schedule, and other useful information. It may also include discussion threads, assignments, quizzes, course materials, links to library resources, and other class activities.
Course Shells are automatically created for every course each semester. Students are loaded into Blackboard course shells from the registration system ('PeopleSoft' AKA 'StudentCenter').
These web pages (found in menu at left) aim to provide support to all Madison College employees who are using Blackboard.
Login to Blackboard by clicking the 'Blackboard' link in any Madison College web page header.


text:
Higher Education Webinars
A blog by John Warner, author of the story collection Tough Day for the Army, and a novel, The Funny Man, on teaching, writing and never knowing when you're going to be asked to leave.
November 18, 2013 - 7:37pm
An event at the College of Charleston commemorated the anniversary. A guest blog from Simon Lewis.
November 12, 2013 - 5:02pm
My students are bored by school. How do we change their minds?
November 3, 2013 - 4:26pm
Halloweek has derailed some students. But maybe they learned something more important.
October 27, 2013 - 4:10pm
Last year, I fell out of love. This year, a different emotion.
October 22, 2013 - 5:26pm
Seeing those guys topple a formation in a state park caused me to realize that deep down, I'm a conservative.
October 20, 2013 - 3:52pm
First year writing students adopt a bizarre and counterproductive style. I wonder why.
October 7, 2013 - 7:33pm
What makes us work harder than is probably good for us?
September 27, 2013 - 11:03am
Two people (among many) working the South who could've been MacArthur Fellows.
September 25, 2013 - 1:31pm
The MacArthur Foundation released its list of Fellows. I'm not on it. Neither is anyone else who works below the Mason-Dixon.
September 16, 2013 - 9:06pm
I wouldn't have realized how much I benefit from teaching first-year writing if I hadn't been forced into it.
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text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Nov 9, 1993
|Filing date
|Jul 9, 1991
|Priority date
|Mar 13, 1990
|Fee status
|Publication number
|Jin-Der Wang
|Original Assignee
|At&T Bell Laboratories
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (10), Non-Patent Citations (6), Referenced by (35), Classifications (12), Legal Events (13)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This application is a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No. 493,017, filed on Mar. 13, 1990 now abandoned.
The present invention relates to a technique for determining the characteristics of signal dispersion and, more particularly, to a technique in which a training sequence is transmitted and processed at a receiver so as to create a time interval in which the characteristics of the signal dispersion can be accurately quantified.
A training sequence is a series of apriori known symbols which are transmitted at predetermined times from a signal transmitter to a signal receiver. Such sequences have long been used to adjust the operation of signal dispersion compensation apparatus in the receiver, such as equalizers, echo cancellers and the like.
Signal dispersion, such as echoes or signal "ghosts", is an inherent problem in communications systems and the severity of the problem can vary with the system application. For example, signal ghosts or echoes frequently exist in conventional television transmission systems which are highly objectional to the viewer and which can render a high definition television (HDTV) signal unintelligible. Accordingly, compensation for signal dispersion is highly desirable in conventional television systems and, indeed, is required in HDTV and in many other communications applications. Moreover, while signal dispersion compensation apparatus, such as equalizers and cancellers, provides satisfactory compensation, knowledge of the signal dispersion characteristics, e.g., amplitude, delay and phase, is useful for the adjustment of such apparatus during system start-up and operation.
Prior art techniques exist which can determine the characteristics of signal dispersion. Such techniques typically transmit specific signals, such as pulses or training sequences, which are detected and analyzed in the receiver. These techniques provide satisfactory estimates of the signal dispersion characteristics in applications wherein the dispersion is large in amplitude and short in duration. However, the prior art techniques provide inaccurate results when the signal dispersion is small in amplitude, particularly in the presence of channel noise, jitter or similar impairments, and provide ambiguous results when the signal dispersion is long in duration. These shortcomings have hindered development of communications systems requiring ever-more precise signal dispersion compensation and more precise determination of the signal dispersion characteristics.
Most recently, as disclosed in a pending application to Chao et al., Ser. No. 443,772, filed Nov. 30, 1989, and assigned to the present assignee, a technique which overcomes the aforesaid problems of the prior art has been developed which transmits two different training sequences wherein each such training sequence includes a different number of symbols. This technique, while providing greater accuracy than those of the previous prior art, requires a time duration for the transmission of the two different training sequences which is not always available. Therefore, a technique which provides greater accuracy in the determination of small-amplitude and long-duration signal dispersion and which requires less time duration would be desirable.
The present invention covers the notion of determining the amplitude, phase and delay of signal dispersion by transmitting a training sequence including a plurality of apriori known symbols and having a time duration at least equal to the expected range of signal dispersion delay. At a receiver, the training sequence is recovered and then processed using correlation and signal replication techniques. This processed training sequence is then utilized to determine at least one of the aforesaid signal dispersion characteristics.
A feature of the present invention is that it is applicable to a variety of different communications systems and is particularly adaptable for television signal transmission wherein the training sequence can be advantageously transmitted during the vertical blanking interval. Another feature of the present invention is that it significantly improves the accuracy of determining the characteristics of signal dispersion when such dispersion is of long duration, has a small amplitude, or is accompanied by channel noise, jitter and similar impairments.
FIGS. 1 and 2 are representations of an illustrative signal format wherein a training sequence is transmitted in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a representation of illustrative signals, including signals which precede and succeed the transmission of the training sequence of FIG. 1, utilized by the disclosed embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a block-schematic diagram representation of an embodiment of a transmitter which incorporates the present invention;
FIGS. 5 and 6 are alternate block-schematic diagram representations of embodiments of a baseband receiver which incorporates the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a representation of an illustrative output signal of the inphase correlator 515 of FIG. 5;
FIGS. 8 and 9 are alternate block-schematic diagram representations of embodiments of a passband receiver which incorporates the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a block-schematic diagram representation of an embodiment of the correlator in FIGS. 5, 6, 8 or 9;
FIG. 11 is a block-schematic diagram representation of an alternate embodiment of the correlator in FIGS. 5, 6, 8 or 9;
FIG. 12 is a block-schematic diagram representation of an alternate embodiment of a transmitter which incorporates the present invention; and
FIGS. 13 and 14 are each a block-schematic diagram representation of an alternate embodiment of a receiver for use with the transmitter of FIG. 11.
FIG. 1 shows a portion 100 of an illustrative enhanced National Television System Committee (NTSC) television signal format which incorporates a training sequence 101 during time interval 102 pursuant to the present invention. At this juncture, it will, of course, be understood that the present invention is not restricted to use in such a television signal format and can be utilized with any television signal format, e.g., Sequence Electronique Couleur Avec Memoire (SECAM), Phase Alternation Line (PAL), and HDTV, as well as signal formats for communications systems other than television transmission. In this illustrative format, sequence 101 includes 255 symbols which are transmitted at a rate of 7.160�106 symbols/second so that time interval 102 has a duration of 35.6�10-6 seconds (μs). Preferably, sequence 101 is a pseudorandom sequence. In addition, as shown, sequence 101 is advantageously transmitted during the 63.56 μs horizontal line period 103 which extends between horizontal synchronization pulses 104 and 105. Horizontal period 103 is one of a plurality of line periods in a vertical blanking interval in a video frame. Incorporation of the training sequence in the unused time interval in horizontal line period 103 advantageously does not require any alteration of the television signals transmitted before and after sequence 101. Envelopes 106 and 107 represent the color bursts in an NTSC format which respectively follow pulses 104 and 105. Within intervals 109 and 110, the signals in the NTSC format are known and provide well-known functions unconnected with the present invention. However, as will be discussed hereinbelow, the known nature of the signals in these intervals will be advantageously utilized by the present invention to permit the accurate replication of the transmitted training sequence 101 by a store-and-subtract process. Interval 109 must be at least as long as the maximum delay of any postcursor ghosts and interval 110 must be at least as long as the sum of the maximum postcursor ghost delay and precursor ghost delay. The former delay is typically represented by a positive time value and the latter delay is typically represented by a negative time value. The sum of the maximum postcursor ghost delay and precursor ghost delay time values, ignoring any algebraic sign, is hereinafter referred to as the expected range of signal dispersion delay.
FIG. 2 shows a portion 200 of the illustrative NTSC television signal format wherein portion 200 succeeds portion 100 and includes a horizontal line period 201 within a vertical blanking interval. Horizontal line period 103 is disposed between horizontal synchronization pulses 202 and 203. Envelopes 204 and 205 represent color bursts and are identical to envelopes 106 and 107 of FIG. 1. It should be noted that portions 100 and 200 are identical except that the training sequence 101 is not transmitted during horizontal line period 201.
FIG. 3 shows the periodic nature of the transmission of training sequence 101 within eight portions 300-307 of an NTSC television signal format. Each of portions 300 through 307 has the same time duration and respectively includes one horizontal line period 308 through 315 in eight successive vertical blanking intervals. Each such horizontal line period is disposed between a pair of horizontal synchronization pulses 104 and 105.
We shall define the term training sequence period as a time interval within one horizontal line period of each vertical blanking interval. During this training sequence period, either the training sequence 101 or a zero dc signal is transmitted. Accordingly, the designations 308 through 315 in FIG. 3 designate this training sequence period.
It should be noted that in the NTSC signal format, shown in FIG. 3, the signals surrounding any training sequence period are different from those surrounding an immediately following training sequence period. For example, the signals in intervals 316 and 317, which immediately precede and succeed training sequence period 308, are different from those in intervals 318 and 319, which immediately precede and succeed training sequence period 309. Training sequence period 309 occurs during a vertical blanking interval immediately following the vertical blanking interval that includes training sequence period 308. However, the signals surrounding any given training sequence period are identical to those surrounding the fourth next training sequence period after the given training sequence period. In this regard, note that portions 300 and 304 are identical but for the training sequence 101. This identity also exists between portions 301 and 305, portions 302 and 306, and between portions 303 and 307. Accordingly, if the signals in the foregoing paired signal portions were stored and then one stored signal in each pair was subtracted from the other, an accurate replica of the transmitted training sequence could be recovered. For example, training sequence 101 could be recovered in the receiver by subtracting portion 304 from portion 300, subtracting portion 301 from portion 305, subtracting portion 306 from portion 302 and subtracting portion 303 from portion 307. It is this process of pairing the above-described signal portions, each including a training sequence period, which is used in a receiver constructed pursuant to the present invention.
Refer now to FIG. 4 which shows a transmitter 400 incorporating the present invention. The transmitted information signal, which in the illustrative embodiment is a conventional NTSC formatted signal, is generated by information source 401. This signal is then coupled to signal gateway 405 under the control of timing signals from timing generator 403. Training sequence generator 402 generates training sequence 101 within horizontal line periods 308, 310, 313 and 315 under the control of timing signals from timing signal generator 403 and couples these sequences to signal gateway 405. Advantageously, each of these pseudorandom sequences is spectrally shaped by raised cosine transmit filter 404 before being coupled to signal gateway 405. Gateway 405, illustratively represented by a single-pole, multi-throw switch, selectively couples the signals from source 401 or generator 402 to modulator 406 which provides vestigial sideband (VSB) amplitude modulation in the illustrative NTSC television application, or quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) in other communication systems.
The transmit filter 404 advantageously includes tapped delay line 407, digital-to-analog (D/A) converter with a sample hold circuit 408 and an analog low-pass filter (LPF) 409 connected in series. Tapped delay line 407 and D/A converter 408 are clocked at four times the symbol rate (Fc). Analog LPF 409 advantageously eliminates out-of-band signal energy.
FIGS. 5 and 6 respectively show alternate embodiments of a baseband receiver 500 and 600 which incorporate the present invention. As shown in FIG. 5, the received modulated signal incorporating training sequence 101 is coupled via lead 501 through automatic gain control (AGC) circuit 502 to demodulators 503 and 504. Each demodulator multiplies the received signal by carrier signals generated by carrier source 505. One of these carrier signals is represented by cos (ωct+ θe) while the other is represented by sin (ωct+ θe), where ωc is the carrier frequency used in the transmitter modulator of FIG. 4 and θe is the phase angle between the carrier signals supplied by carrier source 504 and those utilized by the transmitter modulator.
Each demodulator output is coupled through low-pass filters (LPF) 506 and 507 to analog-to-digital converters (A/D) 508 and 509. The digital outputs of these converters are supplied to a complex equalizer 510, which removes distortion in the received signal so as to accurately recover the transmitted information signal and provide a pair of output signals 511 for further conventional television processing. The term "complex", with reference to equalizer 510, refers to the fact that this equalizer utilizes coefficients which are complex numbers, i.e., they have a real and an imaginary component. The digital outputs of converters 508 and 509 are also coupled to store-and-subtraction circuits 512 and 513.
The function of store-and-subtraction circuits 512 and 513 is to recover the training sequence 101 from the received signal by storing the paired waveforms of FIG. 3, i.e., 300 and 304, 301 and 305, 302 and 306, and 303 and 307, and then subtracting one waveform in each pair from the other. To extract the incoming signal waveform at the appropriate time so as to recover each of these paired waveforms, circuits 512 and 513 are periodically enabled by timing circuitry 514. The recovered training sequences recovered by circuits 512 and 513 are respectively designated as SI and SQ.
Correlators 515 and 516 are designed to produce an output pulse upon detecting the training sequence. These output pulses, along with the correlator output at other times, are replicated three times within shift-and-add circuitry 517 and 518 at a spacing equal to the length of training sequence. The correlator output pulses and their replications at the training sequence duration produces signals PI and PQ. Combiner 519 receives the signals PI and PQ and produces the sum of the square of these signals. This sum is designated as P. Logic circuitry 520 determines the amplitude and delay characteristics of the signal dispersion in response to signal P.
It should be noted that the use of the shift-and-add circuitry has the effect of advantageously reproducing the correlator output pulses as if training sequence 101 were transmitted four times in succession. While this could be done, such successive transmission of the training sequence whose duration is at least equal to the range of signal dispersion delay can require a greater time duration than is available. This is particularly true in the case of a conventionally transmitted television signal, such as NTSC, PAL or SECAM wherein the intervals not used for other signal transmission are not long enough for such successive training sequence transmission.
While the amplitude and delay characteristics determined by logic circuitry 520 can be made using only a single correlator, e.g., correlator 515 and its associated single shift-and-add circuit 517, and, therefore, use of correlator 516, shift-and-add circuitry 518 and combiner 519 can be eliminated, the use of both correlators and the combiner advantageously provides a mechanism for adjusting the carrier phase produced by carrier source 505 and the automatic gain control provided by AGC circuit 502. In addition, use of both signals PI and PQ allows the estimation of ghost characteristics while carrier phase adjustment is still taking place.
Estimation of the correct carrier phase can be determined by using PI and PQ by well-known means within phase estimator 521 which approximate the arc tangent of PQ /PI. Adjustment of the carrier phase can then be readily provided by coupling the estimated carrier phase, designated as θe, appearing at the output of the phase estimator to carrier source 505. Similarly, by using the signal P, it is well-known that the amplitude of the received signal can be estimated so as to correct the gain of the receiver. In FIG. 5, signal P is coupled to AGC circuit 502 to provide this gain adjustment.
The amplitude and delay characteristics provided by logic circuitry 520 along with signals PI and PQ are coupled to complex equalizer 510 wherein they are used to adjust the operation thereof. Specifically, in well-known fashion, the amplitude and delay characteristics are used to determine which equalizer coefficients are non-zero and signals PI and PQ are used to adjust the values of these non-zero coefficients.
The receiver embodiment shown in FIG. 6 is identical in function and operation to that already described in reference to FIG. 5 except that the serial connection of the correlators and shift-and-add circuitry is reversed. As a result, the training sequences' are replicated in FIG. 6 as opposed to replicating the correlator output in FIG. 5. This reversal is equivalent.
An illustrative output of the inphase shift-and-add circuitry 517 of FIG. 5, designated as PI, is shown in FIG. 7. The output of the quadrature shift-and-add circuitry 518 and designated as PQ is related to PI by a function of the phase shift of the communications medium through which the received signal has propagated. As is well known, a correlator is designed to provide a large amplitude output pulse upon detecting a training sequence. At other times, the correlator output may be ambiguous and the correlator output amplitude is substantially less than when the training sequence is detected.
Signal PI includes four signal peaks 701 through 704 wherein each peak represents a training sequence or its replicas generated by shift-and-add circuitry of FIG. 5. These peaks are spaced apart by 35.6 μs time intervals. It should be noted that the intervals between peaks 701 and 702 and between peaks 703 and 704 are respectively corrupted by incompletely correlated postcursor and precursor ghosts of the training sequence. These incompletely correlated postcursor and precursor ghosts are respectively represented by waveforms 705 and 706. The presence of such incompletely correlated ghosts lessens the ability to clearly discern ghost characteristics in those portions of intervals 707 and 708 containing waveforms 705 and 706. However, either one of these intervals could be used to determine signal dispersion characteristics and, consequently, the shift-and-add circuitry in the receiver need only provide at least one replica of its input. It is however, advantageous, for such circuitry to provide three replicas of its input signal so as to provide the four illustrated peaks 701 through 704 and thereby provide buffer intervals 707 and 708 for an innermost interval 709, designated as a "quiet zone". Such buffer intervals sufficiently separate quiet zone 709 in time from incompletely correlated ghosts so that it is devoid of all ghost signals except those of the transmitted training sequence that undergo full correlation. Such ghosts can be either postcursor ghosts, i.e., they are received after the training sequence, or precursor ghosts, i.e., they arrive at the receiver prior to the transmitted training sequence. FIG. 7 depicts one such postcursor ghost as signal peak 710 which is located at a time interval 711 following peak 702 and one precursor ghost by peak 712 which is located at a time interval 713 preceding peak 703. Accordingly, the methodology used by the present invention and provided within logic circuitry 519 is to determine the amplitude of any ghost by using amplitude comparators which determine the presence of any signals in the quiet zone above a predetermined level and the magnitude of such signals. The delay of any such ghost is then determined by the location of any detected signal above this threshold relative to peaks 702 or 703. Note that there is virtually no ambiguity in discerning between postcursor and precursor ghosts as the duration of quiet zone 709 extends for at least the range extending from the maximum delayed precursor ghost, typically designated by a negative time value, to the maximum delayed postcursor ghost, which is typically designated by a positive time value.
FIGS. 8 and 9 show alternate embodiments of a passband receiver which incorporates the present invention. In these receivers the received QAM signal on lead 801 is coupled through AGC circuitry 802 to A/D converter 803 and thence to passband Hilbert filter pair 804 and 805. Filters 804 and 805 provide outputs which are coupled to complex equalizer 810 and to store-and-subtraction circuits 812 and 813. The outputs of complex equalizer 810 are connected to rotator 825 to produce the transmitted information signals on outputs 826. The operation of store-and-subtraction circuitry 812 and 813, correlators 815 and 816, shift-and-add circuitry 817 and 818, combiner 819, logic circuitry 820 and phase estimator 821 are functional equivalents to their counterparts in the baseband receiver. FIG. 9 is similar in operation to FIG. 8 but for the reversal in the series connection of shift-and-add circuitry 817 and 818 and correlators 815 and 816.
In FIGS. 5, 6, 8 and 9, it is preferable that the correlator filter coefficients be binary numbers corresponding to those in the training sequence since such coefficients can have only one of two values, such as +1 and -1, and implementation is thereby simplified. However, the use of such binary coefficients in both the correlator and the transmitter training sequence generator can produce dc bias in the quiet zones. Such dc bias, which is inherent due to the autocorrelation nature of a pseudorandom sequence, can be eliminated using well-known techniques. For example, in one such technique the dc bias can be measured and then subtracted from PI and PQ or from the signal combiner output signal P. In another technique, the dc bias can be eliminated by passing PI and PQ or P through a properly chosen dc blocking filter (not shown), such as those which subtract a delayed version of the signal from the signal itself.
A modified pseudorandom sequence can be transmitted in lieu of a pseudorandom sequence. In a modified pseudorandom sequence, a dc constant is added to each symbol of a pseudorandom sequence so that the transmitted symbols are either zero or a positive value rather than the equal positive or negative values of the original pseudorandom sequence. The advantage of using a modified pseudorandom sequence is that, unlike the original pseudorandom sequence, there is no dc bias in any quiet zone at the output of a correlator. Accordingly, it is preferable to utilize both binary correlators and modified pseudorandom training sequences in the preferred embodiment of the present invention. For another arrangement, a pseudorandom sequence having +1 and -1 symbol values is transmitted and the coefficients of the binary correlator take values of either +1 or 0 instead of the +1 and -1 values.
In FIGS. 5, 6, 8 and 9, it is advantageous for A/D converter 508, store-and-subtract 512, correlator 515, and shift-and-add circuitry 517 to operate at a rate which is a multiple, n, of the symbol rate, where n is an integer >1, in order to provide higher resolution of the signal dispersion delay. With such an arrangement, it is preferable to implement the correlator as shown in FIG. 10. As illustrated in FIG. 10, the correlator, e.g., 515, is implemented by utilizing a tapped delay line 1001, clocked at twice the symbol rate, 2Fc, multipliers 1002 and summer 1003. Each multiplier utilizes a fixed correlation coefficient which multiplies the symbol value stored in one of the taps of delay line 1001. The delay line taps which are combined by summer 1003 are spaced apart by the symbol rate. The intermediate taps are not associated with a multiplier and therefore are not inputted to summer 1003. In the preferred embodiments, where a binary correlator is utilized, the correlation coefficients are either +1, -1 or +1, 0. With such coefficients, the multipliers 1002 can be realized by pass through elements for a +1 multiplication, sign inversion elements for a -1 multiplication, and signal blocking elements for a 0 multiplication.
In many applications, the sampling rate at the receiver is generally chosen to be an integer multiple, I, of the training sequence symbol rate. Therefore, each active correlator tap is separated by I-1 zero or null taps. Each active tap multiplies its associated symbol value by a non-zero value while each null tap, in effect, multiplies its associated symbol value by zero. One computationally-simple implementation of a correlator has been shown in FIG. 10. Another alternative is to use the sub-correlator structure 1100 shown in FIG. 11. Such a structure eliminates the I-1 null taps separating each active tap. In FIG. 11, a demultiplexer 1101 sequentially distributes successive received samples on lead 1102 to a different one of I sub-correlators 1103-1 through 1103-I. Each sub-correlator has an ordered sequence of tap settings which is equal to the ordered sequence of symbol values in the training sequence. The output of each sub-correlator is then sequentially multiplexed via multiplexer 1104 to provide a correlator output on lead 1105.
In the foregoing embodiments of the present invention, a training sequence extending for a predetermined time interval, i.e., interval 102 of FIG. 1, was utilized. This time interval is a function of the symbol rate and the number of symbols in the sequence. Of course, either of these two parameters can be varied in different applications so long as time interval 102 is at least as long as the sum of the maximum postcursor and precursor ghost delays. Each of these delays will vary with different system applications and is dependent upon the geographical terrain through which the transmitted signal propagates. FIG. 12 shows an alternate embodiment of a transmitter 1200 which may be used in lieu of the one shown in FIG. 4 to provide any of a plurality of training sequences wherein each such training sequence includes a different number of symbols or a different symbol rate so that each sequence has a different associated time interval 102. For a television application, the symbol rate is generally fixed and the number of symbols in the training sequence provided by any training sequence generator is different from that provided by any other generator. As shown in FIG. 12, to provide any such training sequence, transmitter 1200 includes a plurality of training sequence generators 1201-1 through 1201-K, where K is a predetermined integer, and single-pole, multi-throw switch 1202. Switch 1202, whose switch position is set for a particular system application, permits any of these training sequence generators to be selected and couples the output of the selected generator to transmit raised cosine filter 404. Each of the training sequence generators is clocked by timing generator 403. Filter 404, information source 401, timing generator 403, signal gateway 405 and modulator 406 function in an identical fashion as described in reference to FIG. 4. Advantageously, the time intervals of the training sequences provided by generators 1201-1 through 1201-K should be selected to provide an appropriate range of different training sequence durations to meet the range of expected ghost delay characteristics for a number of different expected system applications.
FIG. 13 shows an embodiment of a receiver 1300 for use with the transmitter of FIG. 11. Receiver 1300 operates in similar fashion to receiver 500 of FIG. 5 and shares a number of components with receiver 500. Such components in FIG. 13 bear the same reference numerals as their counterparts in FIG. 5. Receiver 1300 also includes a number of components which have been added to provide operation compatible with that provided by transmitter 1100. As shown, receiver 1300 includes a plurality of correlators 1301-1 through 1301-K coupled to the output of store and subtraction circuit 512 in the "I" or inphase channel and a plurality of correlators 1301-1 through 1301-K coupled to the output of store and subtraction circuit 513 in the "Q" or quadrature channel. Each of these correlators is associated with a different one of the training sequences provided by generators 1201-1 through 1201-K in FIG. 12. The function of each correlator is to provide an output pulse upon detecting the associated training sequence. A pair of decision circuits 1303, one connected to the plurality of correlator outputs in the "I" channel and the other connected to the plurality of correlator outputs in the "Q" channel, examines such outputs and determines which of the K training sequences has been transmitted. This determination is then used to control the delay provided within shift-and-add circuitry 1305 and 1306 via a signal on leads 1307 and 1308. In this regard it should be noted that circuitry 1305 and 1306 is identical to shift-and-add circuitry 517 and 518 in FIG. 5 except that programmable delay devices are used in lieu of fixed delay devices. Such fixed delay devices provide a delay of N symbols or the duration of the training sequence. Now, however, since this duration can be any one of K different values, the control signal on leads 1207 and 1208 sets the delay of each programmable delay element to equal the duration of the detected training sequence.
FIG. 14 shows an alternate embodiment of a receiver 1400 with can be used with the transmitter 1100 shown in FIG. 11. Receiver 1400 is analogous to receiver 600 of FIG. 6 and shares a number of components which bear the same reference numerals. To be compatible with transmitter 1100, receiver 1400 includes a plurality of shift-and-add circuits 1401-1 through 1401-K in each of the I and Q channels. Each such circuit incorporates the same number of delay elements and all of the delay elements in any one shift-and-add circuit provide the same delay. In addition, each of the delay elements in different ones of the K shift-and-add circuits 1301-1 through 1301-K provides a delay corresponding to the duration of a different one of the K training sequences provided by transmitter 1100 of FIG. 11. That is, the delay provided by each delay element in shift-and-add circuit 1301-1 is equal to the duration of the training sequence provided by training sequence generator 1101-1, and the delay provided by each delay element in shift-and-add circuit 1301-K is equal to the duration of the training sequence provided by training sequence generator 1101-K. The outputs of the shift-and-add circuits are coupled to correlator 1301-1 through 1301-K in the I channel and correlators 1302-1 through 1302-K in the Q channel and thence to decision circuits 1303 and 1304. The correlators and decision circuits operate in the same manner as described in reference to FIG. 13.
Receivers of the passband variety for use with transmitter 1100 can also be devised. Such passband receivers can be provided by modifying the receivers of FIGS. 8 and 9 in a manner analogous to that provided to the circuitry of FIGS. 5 and 6.
It should, of course, be understood that while the present invention has been disclosed in reference to specific embodiments, numerous other arrangements should be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art. For example, while the present invention has been disclosed in reference to a VSB or QAM signal, the invention is applicable to any analog or digital communication system regardless of the presence, absence or type of modulation. In addition, the present invention is not limited to pseudorandom or modified pseudorandom training sequences and, indeed, can employ any type of training sequence. Furthermore, the complex equalizer shown in FIGS. 5, 6, 8 and 9 can be positioned so that its outputs are coupled to each correlator input. In such an arrangement, the equalizer serves as a unit impulse fixed filter during system initialization and serves as an adaptive equalizer thereafter.
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|U.S. Classification
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Oct 10, 1996
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text:
I've been able to work most of the problems out, but I've encountered a few that I'm uncertain as to how to address.
Let me explain: I have an example file that contains all the non-distinct combinations of the lower case alphabet up to length two (i.e.
aa, ab, ac, ad...). The total number of non-distinct combinations is therefore 26^2, 676.
Knowing this is quite useful because I know that there are 676 lines, each containing a string of length 2.
Here is the code:
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
int main(){
FILE* file;
//These would be passed as function arguments
int lines = 676;
int sLength = 2;
int C = lines+1;
int R = sLength+2;
int i,j; //Dummy indices
int len;
//Create 2-D array on the heap
char** mystring = (char**) malloc(C*sizeof(char*));
for(i = 0; i<C; i++) mystring[i] = (char *) malloc(R*sizeof(char)); //Need to free each element individually later on
//Create temporary char array
char line[R];
//Open file to read and store values
file = fopen("alphaLow2.txt", "r");
if(file == NULL) perror("Error opening file");
i = 0;
while(fgets(line, sizeof(line), file) != NULL){
//Remove next line
len = strlen(line);
if((line[len-1]) == '\n') (line[len-1]) = '\0';
len--; //Decrement length by one because of replacing EOL with null terminator
//Copy character set
strcpy(mystring[i], line); //NOT certain if this works being that mystring is 2-D
mystring[C] = '\0'; //Append null terminator
for(i = 0; mystring[i]; i++){
for(j = 0; mystring[i][j]; j++){
printf("%c", mystring[i][j]);
return 0;
To explain further,
int C = lines+1 in order to append a null terminator.
int R = sLength+2 in order to account for the
\n present in the file, and the fact that
fgets() always adds a null terminator. Therefore, in this example, the array should be of dimensions
mystring[C][R] -->
mystring[677][4]. The while loop replaces the
\n with
\0. The printout is correct, but at the very end of the printout, there is an odd string:
The characters after
zz should not be there. This leaves me to wonder whether there is some memory corruption occurring somewhere in my program. Perhaps my arrays aren't large enough? I'm not sure. Otherwise, everything else appears to be functioning correctly.
Also, I will free the memory in the final program. Right now, I'm trying to get this to work properly. I'm also aware there are much easier ways to do this. For instance,
std::string array would make this much easier. However, I'm am copying this array to a cuda enabled device, and cuda does not recognize that form.
Any constructive input is appreciated.


text:
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text:
- Name:
- Natwest Bank PLC
- Address:
- 244 Fulwood Road
- Postcode/City:
- S10 3AA Sheffield
- County:
- South Yorkshire
- Phone:
- 0116 255 30410116 255 3041
- Phone:
- 0845 788 84440845 788 8444
- Phone:
- 0845 366 19670845 366 1967
- Website:
- www.natwest.com
Updated more than 6 months ago | Claim This Business| Report Incorrect Data
NatWest Great Britain's largest retail and commercial bank was founded in 1968. NatWest or the National Westminster Bank Plc is part of the Royal Bank of Scotland Group. The Royal Bank of Scotland Group is the world's second largest bank by assets. NatWest's services include: personal banking, wealth management, investment services, business guidance. Visit NatWest in Sheffield during the operational hours on the following address 244 Fulwood Road, S10 3AA.
ServicesCar insurance, Credit cards, Home Insurance, International payments, Investments, Life insurance, Loans, Mortgages, Offshore banking, Savings, Travel money
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Detailed Business Information
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request for replacement cheque book
more than 6 months ago
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text:
Search Discussions
In the Contest - What Dreams May Come-Surrealism Attended by 213 Members, 545 Pieces of Artwork, 35 jury members! Follow this link to see all the art work submitted to the contest.--
Dear participants of the Contest - What Dreams May Come-Surrealism! I thank you for is perfectly and unforgettable works of art. Group "The European artists-2013" congratulates you on winning the highly competitive contest! I want to show the winners.---------------------------------------------------------------
Reply Order
Oldest Reply
Posted by: Vitaliy Shcherbak on 2 Years Ago
Here are A work of art by Contest - What Dreams May Come-Surrealism, 1-2 votes of the members of the jury.\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
On behalf of the group "The European artists-2013" --- http :/ / fineartamerica.com/groups/the-european-artists-2013.html---� myself, I want to thank the members of the jury for their considerable efforts in refereeing competition. � ���� �������� �������:
Carol Wisniewski, Helena Wierzbicki, Andreas Thust, Loren Adams, Jane Small, Khromykh Natalia, Jukka Nopsanen, Jenny Rainbow, Vsevolod Poliohin, Sergey Simanovsky, Vjekoslav Antic, Roy McPeak, Pauline Black, Alfred Motzer, Roland Kozlowski, Michael Durst, Pedro L Gili, Carl Emanuel Mark, Jean Walker, Kiril Stanchev, Elise Palmigiani, Gynt, Amalia Suruceanu Art, Chris Lord, EMONA Art, Hartmut Jager, Henryk Gorecki, Dusan Vukovic, Constantinos Charalampopoulos, Marina Likholat, Vitaliy Shcherbak.
I want to thank Andreas Trust for their hard work in organizing and conducting competitions in our group. He is in fact the second administrator of our group. He does not regret the time and effort to the development and promotion of "The European artists-2013." And most importantly, he is a talented artist and an honest and sincere person! Thanks, Andreas, for your help and for your ideas! And a special thank you for an honest vote in all three competitions in our group!------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Posted by: Brian Wallace on 2 Years Ago
2 Years Ago
Thank you for hosting the contest, getting 35 jurors, and the work you've done contacting members who got votes from the jury and other post contest follow-ups such as this thread promoting the excellent work we see above. I'm honored to have been one of those members. Thanks to the jurors too!
Thank you, Brian, for your warm and heartfelt letter! Believe me, it was very difficult to choose only three of the winning art. And I have seen many long jury chose the winners. I believe that
a couple dozen of images worthy of prizes!
Posted by: Sydne Archambault on 2 Years Ago
2 Years Ago
It was indeed a very well run contest! I am very pleased to have been able to participate with so many exceptional works! Thank you Vitaliy!
Thank you, Sydne Archambault, take this opportunity to invite all the artists who create surreal art work, to become members of "Surreal dreams of contemporary artists-2013" - here is the link to the group-http://fineartamerica.com/groups/surreal-dreams-of -contemporary-artists-2013.html
Posted by: Andreas Thust on 2 Years Ago
2 Years Ago
Super contest, Vitaliy! I have never seen such an actively guided contest here on FAA! Your restless effort is very impressing, thank you very much for your unique engagement. Your friend Andreas
Posted by: Sydne Archambault on 2 Years Ago
2 Years Ago
I also want to compliment the fine selection of jurors in the contest!
Thank you, Andreas ! Thank you, Sydne !
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On June 19, 2012, Charles Oppenheim, Chief of the Immigrant Visa Control and Reporting division (Visa Office) at the U.S. Department of State (DOS), met with the American Immigration Lawyers Association (AILA) to discuss the recent EB-2 (Employment-Based, second preference) worldwide retrogression and provide an updated forecast of employment-based visa date movements for FY 2012 and beyond.
These comments and predictions are summarized below.
Future Forecasts
According to the Visa Office, the ability to predict demand is impeded by the fact that there are no statistics on EB-3 (Employment-Based, third preference) to EB-2 "upgrades." If a foreign national is upgrading from EB-3 to EB-2, both cases for that individual remain open (so it appears that two numbers are being used). It is only upon the approval of the green card that the duplicate file number ceases to exist and the Visa Office is advised by USCIS to cancel a pending EB-3 case. Purportedly, there are 10,000 to 15,000 numbers used for upgrades every fiscal year according to the Visa Office, although USCIS previously insisted that the number of upgrade cases was insignificant.
As indicated by Oppenheim, the Visa Office tries to use 13,500 visas per quarter for all employment-based cases and already has more than 17,000 in line for FY 2013.
Impact on Employers
For companies, the unavailability of sufficient numbers of permanent resident visas may mean a much longer processing timeframe for employment-based cases. Employers should regularly review each foreign national employee's current nonimmigrant status and work authorization for long-term planning.
Note: This article was published in the August/September issue of the Immigration eAuthority.
See more »
DISCLAIMER: Because of the generality of this update, the information provided herein may not be applicable in all situations and should not be acted upon without specific legal advice based on particular situations.
© Ogletree, Deakins, Nash, Smoak & Stewart, P.C.
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Instant Creativity
Simple Techniques to Ignite Innovation and Problem Solving
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Preview (read now) Add to my own site Give this ebook to a friend Add to my wishlist Author's page Publisher's page
Instant Creativity is a collection of tried and tested techniques to encourage individuals and groups make the most of their creativity. It offers over seventy quick and simple exercises to help find fresh ideas and solutions to problems. It is designed for combating a lack of inspiration, for brainstorming ideas for new projects, creating a better understanding of an ongoing problem or for seeking a general direction. The range of ideas will help tap into the creative energies of any individual or an uninspired team. They are particularly useful for marketers, advertising professionals and product designers.
Kogan Page; December 2006
192 pages; ISBN 9780749451264
Read online, or download in secure PDF format
Title: Instant Creativity
Author: Brian Clegg; Paul Birch
192 pages; ISBN 9780749451264
Read online, or download in secure PDF format
Title: Instant Creativity
Author: Brian Clegg; Paul Birch
Buy, download and read Instant Creativity (eBook) by Brian Clegg; Paul Birch today!
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The Eagles are one game out of first place. For six more days, no one can take that away from you. That said, the NFC East is wiiiide open.
What's the Eagles' problem? Quite simple, actually. Their inability run the ball is making it nearly impossible to sustain drives.
The Eagles are 1-3, and Sam Bradford is front and center, but the quarterback has given enough reason to have hope he can be part of the solution.
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1wComments (2)"I almost forgot what it's like to be in this type of atmosphere," Utley said. "It's definitely refreshing."
1wComments (4)THE PHILLIES ARE GOING TO BE FINE.
1wComments (47)Jonathan Papelbon's superstar teammate appears to be tiring of his act down in Washington.
1wComments (33)Memes are probably new to the people of Dallas, y'know with the ten-gallon hats and riding horses and just being able to openly carry a loaded fire arm with you anywhere, but nonetheless they're ready to get in on the meme action after beating the Eagles on Sunday.
1wComments (3)What happens when you send someone dressed in Cowboys gear to an Eagles tailgate? The700Level Show found out.
1wSome fear the NFL is catching up to Chip Kelly, but is that really an excuse for what's happening with the Eagles?
1wComments (7)Do not ask Chip Kelly if Mark Sanchez is playing this week.