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|Número de publicación
|Tipo de publicación
|Número de solicitud
|Fecha de publicación
|15 Oct 1991
|Fecha de presentación
|15 May 1990
|Fecha de prioridad
|15 May 1990
|También publicado como
|Número de publicación
|Ronald B. DeLong, James R. Bouse, John P. Conner, Charles G. Raabe, William L. Nieboer
|Cesionario original
|Westinghouse Electric Corp.
|Exportar cita
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Citas de patentes (14), Citada por (62), Clasificaciones (9), Eventos legales (11)
|Enlaces externos: USPTO, Cesión de USPTO, Espacenet
The invention relates in general to open plan office space dividing partition systems, and more specifically to the construction of space dividing panels used in such systems.
Open plan office space dividing partition systems utilize panels as the main system element, and the manufacturing cost of the panels represents a major fraction of the cost of any system. It is thus important, and it is an object of the present invention, to reduce the manufacturing costs of such systems, without sacrificing strength, durability, and appearance.
The increasing usage of computers and associated electrical equipment in modern offices has greatly increased the number of communication wires required to be concealed within space dividing partition systems. It is thus another object of the invention to provide a new and improved office space dividing system which has the capacity to carry a large number of communication wires.
Briefly, the present invention is an office space dividing system which includes new and improved rectangular panels having a high strength, accurate frame construction which requires no welding or grinding. The new panel construction quickly achieves and maintains the desired square corners, even when the frame is required to support a relatively heavy foamed-in-place gypsum core, which is the core element in a preferred embodiment of the invention. A large wire trough occupies the top of the panel, providing a large space for laying in communication wires which are routed to associated work stations, as well as providing rigid anchor points for panel to panel spanners which rigidize the system.
The panel frame construction includes first and second stiles and upper and lower rails, all constructed from the same roll formed tubular metallic stock. The ends of the stiles and rails are not mitered, but square, simplifying the cutting of the frame elements. Instead of butting the square ends of the rails against the stiles, or the square ends of the stiles against side rails, the inner side of each frame member, ie., the side which faces the frame window, is aligned with the square end of the adjoining member. In other words, the inner side of each rail is substantially aligned with a square end of each stile, and the inner side of each stile is substantially aligned with a square end of each rail. This arrangement provides adjoining unobstructed openings to the rails and stiles at each of the upper and lower corners of the frame.
Right angle metallic joining and reinforcing members are press fit into the adjoining rail and stile openings at each corner of the frame, with the tooling for performing the press fit operation squaring the corners as the press fits are made. Each right angle joining member has a leg portion which enters a frame and a leg portion which enters a rail. Each such leg portion is made up of two spaced, interconnected flat leg members stamped from a metallic sheet. Each flat leg member enters a specially shaped receiving pocket, with the receiving pockets being directly adjacent first and second opposite flat sides of the frame elements. The squared corners are maintained by staking the rails and stiles against the flat leg members of the press-fit right angle members, which are firmly held in position during the staking operation by the receiving pockets.
When the frame is to support a foamed-in-place gypsum core, one or more horizontally oriented metallic rods, with the number depending upon the height of the frame, are fixed between the inner surfaces of the stiles, by welding or riveting, to prevent outward bowing of the stiles.
The tubular stock from which the rails and stiles is constructed, in addition to the hereinbefore mentioned first and second flat sides, includes a side having an externally facing longitudinally extending central groove or channel. The side opposite to the channel side includes a pair of outwardly facing spaced spline grooves adjacent to the lateral edges of the side for receiving spline beads which hold outer covers, such as fabric covers, on the opposing major sides of a panel.
The first and second stiles and lower rail are oriented such that the central channel faces the frame window and the spline grooves are on the outer perimeter of the frame. The upper rail is inverted, relative to the orientation of the lower rail, such that the longitudinal central channel faces upwardly and thus outwardly. The first and second flat sides of each frame element are thus disposed in common front and back parallel planes, with the inner and outer facing sides of each frame element extending perpendicularly between the front and back planes of the frame.
The inwardly facing longitudinal central channels of the stiles and lower rail will firmly and reliably hold a foamed-in-place gypsum core, when such a core is used, and the inwardly facing spline grooves of the upper rail also assist in the core holding function.
A large metallic wire trough is fixed to the upper surface of the upper rail, with the bottom of the wire trough being complementary to the upwardly facing longitudinal channel of the upper rail, accurately seating and longitudinally directing the wire trough along the top of the frame. The top of the wire trough is upwardly open, with spline beads being inwardly formed adjacent to the longitudinally extending sides of the wire trough. There is still adequate spacing between the spline beads to enable a large number of communication wires to be laid into the open top of the wire trough.
Before an outer covering is fixed to a panel, each panel is provided with upper and lower plastic corners which engage exposed corners of the right angle joining members. The upper plastic corners extend along the relatively long vertical end edges of the wire trough, and the upper plastic corners have outwardly extending fingers which latch to suitably located openings in the wire trough. The upper and lower plastic corners have flat surfaces in the parallel front and back planes of the frame, to provide a smooth supporting surface for the panel coverings. The portions of the plastic corners which continue the outer perimeter of the frame have spline grooves aligned with the spline grooves of the rail, stile, or wire trough, as the case may be, to provide two continuous spline grooves around the outer perimeter of the frame for tightly holding two panel covers, one on each major flat side of the panel.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the panels are supported by posts, with the posts providing a desired center line modularity to the system. A slotted standard is fixed to each of the two vertically extending lateral edges of each frame, and hook-type support elements are attached thereto which engage hook receiving edges of an associated post. The long channel-seated metallic wire troughs and upper frame rails cooperatively form strong anchor points for metallic panel-to-panel spanners or rigidizers, which are also secured to the top of the post being spanned. The inner configuration of the wire trough at the bottom is channel shaped, with outwardly flared sides, and the spanner has an inverted U-shaped configuration. The depending leg portions of the inverted U-shaped configuration have portions bent to lie firmly against the angled sides of the wire trough, providing a wedging effect and additional resistance against relative movement between the spanners and wire troughs, resulting in a superior panel-to-panel rigidizing structure.
Post caps include three alignment portions when the post cap is associated with a post having an "unused" panel position, eg., a post capable of supporting four panels but which is only being used to support one, two or three panels. A post cover is placed on the side of the post not presently being used to support a panel. The three alignment portions include first depending alignment legs which telescope into the upwardly open ends of the slotted standards of the panels joined to the associated post, a second depending alignment leg for engaging each post cover, and a horizontally extending portion which underlies a panel cap. A panel cap snaps on to the top of each wire trough, substantially flush with the top of the wire trough.
In a metallic embodiment of the panel cap, the panel cap is formed from a sheet of metal into a substantially C-shaped cross sectional configuration. Panel cap retaining clips are provided, with each clip having a pair of spaced, horizontally oriented leg members at each longitudinal end, with one leg member of each pair being resiliently bendable. The resilient leg members of the clip, which are disposed at diagonally opposite corners, are deflected by depending legs of the metallic panel cap as each clip is positioned within the C-shaped configuration of the panel cap and then turned one-quarter of a turn. Thus, during assembly, the clip effectively has only two oppositely directed legs. The clip is retained in the desired assembled position with the panel cap as the flexible legs return to their unstressed positions, providing two spaced mounting points on each end of the clip which contact the depending legs of the panel cap to, resist turning and therefor removal of a clip once the legs of the clip are aligned perpendicular to the depending leg portions of the panel cap. Each panel cap retaining or mounting clip also has to resilient, depending leg portions which are inwardly biased by the spline groove structure of the wire trough, as the panel cap is forced to its seated position on top of a wire trough. As the panel cap reaches its desired assembled position, "knees" on the resilient, depending legs pass the bottoms of the spline groove structure, allowing the legs to flex outwardly towards their unbiased positions, to firmly but removably hold the clips and their associated panel cap on top of the wire trough.
The invention will become more apparent by reading the following detailed description in conjunction with the drawings which are shown by way of example only, wherein:
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a panel constructed according to the teachings of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a partially exploded perspective view of the panel shown in FIG. 1, except without fabric outer panel coverings, and without an electrical raceway at the panel base;
FIG. 3 is an elevational view of a panel frame shown in FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is an end view of one of the elements of which the stiles and rails of the frame shown in FIG. 3 is constructed;
FIG. 5 is a top view of the frame shown in FIG. 3;
FIG. 6 is a side elevational view of a right angle corner joining member used to interconnect the stiles and rails of the frame shown in FIG. 3;
FIG. 7 is an end view of the right angle corner joining member shown in FIG. 6;
FIG. 8 is a perspective view of the right angle corner joining member shown in FIG. 6;
FIG. 9 illustrates a low scrap method of stamping the elements which make up the right angle corner joining member shown in FIGS. 6, 7 and 8;
FIG. 10 is a horizontal sectional view of the frame shown in FIG. 3, taken between and in the direction of arrows X--X;
FIG. 10A is a vertical sectional view of the frame shown in FIG. 3, taken between and in the direction of arrows XA--XA;
FIG. 11 is an end view of a wire trough and panel cap shown in FIG. 2;
FIG. 12 is a plan view of the wire trough shown in FIG. 11, without the panel cap;
FIG. 13 is a perspective view of a lower plastic frame corner shown in FIG. 2;
FIG. 14 is a side elevational view of an upper plastic frame corner shown in FIG. 2;
FIG. 15 is an end elevational view of the plastic frame corner shown in FIG. 14;
FIG. 16 is a cross-sectional view of the frame corner shown in FIG. 15, taken between and in the direction of arrows XVI--XVI;
FIG. 17 is a fragmentary elevational view of a space dividing panel system constructed according to the teachings of the invention which illustrates two panels supported by a post;
FIG. 18 is a plan view of the system shown in FIG. 1, without one of the panels;
FIG. 19 is a side elevational view of a panel-to-panel spanner shown in FIGS. 2, 17 and 18, for connecting two panels in a straight line;
FIG. 20 is a plan view of the spanner shown in FIG. 19;
FIG. 21 is an end view of the spanner shown in FIG. 19;
FIG. 22 is a fragmentary elevational end view which illustrates the installation of the spanner shown in FIG. 19 in the wire trough shown in FIG. 11;
FIG. 23 is a fragmentary plan view of a spanner for a four-way intersection of four panels;
FIG. 24 is a fragmentary plan view of a spanner for a three-way 120 degree intersection of three panels;
FIG. 25 is a plan view of one of the elements used to construct the spanner shown in FIG. 24;
FIG. 26 is a plan view of an element which may be used in place of the mitered elements shown in FIG. 24 to construct a three-intersection of three panels having one 90 degree angle and two 135 degree angles between the three panels;
FIG. 27 is a plan view of a post cap for a two-way straight intersection between two panels;
FIG. 28 is a cross-sectional view of the post cap shown in FIG. 28, taken between and in the direction of arrows XXVIII--XXVIII;
FIG. 29 is a plan view of a post cap for a four-way intersection between four panels;
FIG. 30 is a cross-sectional view of the post cap shown in FIG. 29, taken between and in the direction of arrows XXX--XXX;
FIG. 31 is a side elevational view of a panel cap shown in FIG. 2;
FIG. 32 is a bottom view of the panel cap shown in FIG. 31;
FIG. 33 is an end view of the panel cap shown in FIG. 31;
FIG. 34 is an elevational view of a clip used to attach the panel cap shown in FIG. 31 to the wire trough shown in FIG. 11; and
FIG. 35 is a plan view of the clip shown in FIG. 34.
Referring now to the drawings, and to FIGS. 1 and 2 in particular, there is shown in perspective in FIG. 1 a panel 40 which is constructed according to the teachings of the invention. FIG. 2 illustrates panel 40 in a partially exploded perspective view. Panel 40, as best shown in FIG. 2, includes a metallic frame 42 having first and second upper corners 41 and 43 and first and second lower corners 45 and 47; lower plastic frame corners 44; upper plastic frame corners 46; an upper wire trough 48 secured to an upper edge 49 of frame 40 via fasteners 5-; slotted standards 50 secured to first and second vertically extending lateral frame edges 52 and 54 via fasteners 56; support hooks 58 secured to slotted standards 50 via fasteners 60; a panel-to-panel spanner 62, illustrated for joining two adjacent panels in a straight line; a post cap 64; and a panel cap 66 which is removably attached to the top of wire trough 48 via clip members 68. As shown in FIG. 1, panel 40 also includes an outer covering 70 disposed on each of the opposite major flat surfaces thereof, and a raceway 72 fixed to a lower edge 74 of frame 42. Covering 70 has upper and lower edges 53 and 55 secured to the wire trough 48 and bottom portion of frame 42, respectively, and first and second side edges 57 and 59 secured to side portions of frame 42.
The raceway 72 is described in detail and claimed in concurrently filed application Serial No. 07/523,776, entitled "Space Dividing Partition System Having An Electrical Raceway And Method Of Constructing Same", which application is assigned to the same assignee as the present application.
A panel-to-post connector system, parts of which are shown in various FIGS. of the present application, is described in detail and claimed in concurrently filed application Serial No. 07/523,773, entitled "Office Space Dividing System", which application is assigned to the same assignee as the present application.
Referring now to FIG. 3, frame 40 is constructed of first and second vertical stiles 76 and 78 and upper and lower rails 80 and 82. Each of the frame elements 76, 78, 80 and 82 are formed by making square or 90 degree cuts from the same tubular metallic stock to form square cut ends 83 which define openings 85, with FIG. 4 being an enlarged end view of one of the frame elements, which for purposes of example will be assumed to be the first stile 76. Stile 76 is preferably roll formed from a steel sheet member, and welded at 84. Stile 76 is generally rectangular in cross section, having four sides, such as first and second opposite flat sides 86 and 88, and remaining opposite sides 90 and 92.
The broken lines 95 and 97 aligned with flat sides 86 and 88 represent front and back vertically oriented parallel planes which are disposed along each front and back major opposed surface of the frame 42 as defined by its rails and stiles, with flat sides 86 and 88 of the rails and stiles being respectively disposed in major planes 95 and 97.
Side 90 has a longitudinally extending, centrally located, relatively deep groove or channel 93. Channel 93 has a centrally located bottom or bight portion 94, and outwardly flared leg portions 96 and 98. Leg portion 96 has first and second bends 100 and 102 just prior to joining flat side 86, and leg portion 98 has similar first and second bends 104 and 106 just prior to joining flat side 88. These bends form open-sided pockets 108 and 110 adjacent to internal surfaces 112 and 114 of sides 86 and 88, for purposes which will be hereinafter explained.
Side 92 is folded sharply inward adjacent to sides 86 and 88, forming portions 116 and 118 which lie closely adjacent to inner surfaces 112 and 114, respectively. Portions 116 and 118 terminate in right angle inwardly directed bends which form bottom portions 120 and 122 of spline grooves 124 and 126. The bottom portions 120 and 122 continue via right angle, outwardly directed bends into portions 128 and 130 which complete the spline grooves 124 and 126. The spline grooves 124 and 126 receive spline beads 127, shown in FIG. 10, Which hold the edges 53, 55, 57 and 59 of the outer fabric coverings 70, when coverings 70 are applied to the major opposed sides of panel 40. An outwardly directed, corrugated central portion 132 joins portions 128 and 130, which portion adds strength to the frame elements via the corrugations, as well as by directing side 92 in the same direction as side 90, to prevent narrowing of the frame elements.
Returning to FIG. 3, and also referring to FIG. 5, which is a top view of panel 40, panel 40 is rigidly held together with right angle metallic joining means in the form of four similar right angle joining and reinforcing members 134. Right angle joining member 134 is shown in side elevations in FIG. 6, in an edge view looking at the outer corner in FIG. 7, and in a perspective view in FIG. 8. Right angle member 134 is constructed of two identical flat right angle portions 136 and 36', which are joined together, such as by welding, with FIG. 9 illustrating a preferred embodiment for stamping right angle portions 136 from a flat sheet 138 of metal, such as steel.
More specifically, with reference more particularly to FIGS. 6 and 9, each flat right angle portion 136 has first and second legs 140 and 142, which have ends -44 and 146, respectively. Right angle portion 136 has outer and inner edges 148 and 150, respectively, which define predetermined outer and inner profiles which extend between ends 144 and 146.
End 144 is oriented perpendicular to outer and inner parallel planes 152 and 154 shown in FIG. 6, with end 144 entering the outer edge 148 and outer plane 152 via a chamfered portion 156. Portion 156 joins a portion 158 which lies in and follows the outer plane 152 towards the outer corner 160 of right angle portion 136. Portion 158 enters a short, rather shallow indentation 162, with the outer edge 148 then returning to a portion 164 which again lies in and follows the outer plane 152. Portion 164 terminates in an indentation 166, which is similar in depth to indentation 162 but longer, with indentation 166 terminating at a tab portion 168, best shown in FIG. 9. Tab portion 168 has an outer surface 170 at its extreme end oriented at an angle of 45 degrees relative to outer plane 152.
End 144 enters the inner edge 150 and inner plane 154 via a chamfered portion 172. Portion 172 joins a portion 174 which lies in and follows the inner plane 154 towards the inner corner 175 of right angle portion 136. Portion 174 enters a relatively long, shallow indentation 176, with the outer profile then returning to a portion 178 which again lies in and follows the inner plane 154. Portion 178 terminates in an indentation 180, the bottom of which has a surface 182 oriented parallel to the outer surface 170 of tab 1 68, ie., at an angle of 45 degrees to inner plane 154.
The second leg 142 of right angle portion 136 has outer and inner edges having profiles identical to those just described for the first leg 140, with the outer profile terminating at tab 168 and the inner profile terminating at indentation 180, and thus leg 142 will not be described in detail. Like reference numerals, except with a prime mark, are used to indicate portions of leg 142 which are similar to those of leg 140.
It will be noted that the inner profile 150 of right angle portion 134 is identical to its outer profile 148, enabling right angle portions 136 to be stamped from metal sheet 138 with only the small amount of Waste indicated in the cross-hatched areas 184. An opening 185 may be provided in one or both of the legs 140 and 142, for tool indexing purposes.
Each flat right angle portion 136 is bent with a right angle bend along a bend line 186, shown in phantom in FIG. 9, such that the tab 168 extends perpendicularly outward from the remainder of right angle portion 136. Two right angle portions 136 are then welded together tab-to-tab, indicated at weld -88, with surfaces 170 butted against one another, to form the right angle joining member 134.
Returning to FIGS. 3 and 5, a right angle member 134 is press fit into adjoining rails and stiles to form each right angle corner of frame 42, with the spaced legs 142 extending into the spaced pockets 108 and 110 of upper rail 80, for example, and with spaced legs 140 entering like pockets 108 and 110 of stile 76. The chamfers 156 and 172 lead the ends of the legs into the pockets. The tooling which press fits the legs of the right angle joining member 134 into adjoining openings in the ends of the rails and stiles automatically sizes and squares the corners of the frame 42. Once the size and squareness is achieved, the tooling stakes the legs and stiles, indicated at 190, to maintain the dimensions and squared corners without welding and grinding.
When the right angle joining members 134 are press fit into the openings of the rails and stiles, a flat horizontal plane disposed across the inner facing sides or surfaces of the upper and lower rails 80 and 82 will be substantially aligned with the flat square cut ends 83 of the stiles 76 and 78, and in like manner, a flat vertical plane disposed across the inner facing sides or surfaces of the first and second stiles 76 and 78 will be substantially aligned with the flat square cut ends of the upper and lower rails 80 and 82.
In a preferred embodiment, the central core of panel 40, within a window 192 defined by the assembled frame 42, is formed by a foamed-in-place gypsum material, as described in application Serial No. 06/872,053 filed June 6, 1986, entitled "Space-Dividing Wall Panel", now U.S. Pat. No. 4,949,518, which application is assigned to the same assignee as the present U.S. Pat. No. 4,949,518. FIGS. 10 and 10A are horizontal and vertical cross-sectional views through frame 42 illustrating a gypsum core 194 which has been foamed-in-place within the frame window 192, which views are respectively taken between and in the direction of arrows X--X and XA--XA in FIG. 3. FIG. 10 indicates how the channel sides 90 form pockets which firmly hold the gypsum within the frame window 192.
To prevent outward bowing of the stiles 76 and 78 when a foamed-in-place gypsum core 194 is used, at least one horizontally oriented metallic rod 196 is fixed to the inner sides 90 of stiles 76 and 78, such as by riveting or welding. Rod 196 is shown in FIGS. 3 and 10A. The number of metallic rods 196 used to prevent such bowing depends upon the height of frame 42.
FIG. 11 is an end view of wire trough 48, and FIG. 12 is a plan view thereof. Wire trough 48 is fixed to the upper rail 80. Trough 48 has bottom and top portions 198 and 199. Bottom portion 198 is configured to snugly nest in the longitudinally extending channel 93 of the upper rail 80, with channel 93, as hereinbefore stated, facing upwardly, instead of inwardly, toward the frame window 192. Trough bottom 198 includes a flat horizontally oriented bottom portion 200, upwardly and outwardly flaring sides 202 and 204 which are oriented at the same angle 206 with the horizontal bottom 200 as the orientation of sides 96 and 98 relative to the bottom or base 94 of channel 93. Sides 202 and 204 terminate in outwardly directed horizontal flanges 208 and 210, from which major side portions 212 and 214 extend vertically upward to the upper portion 199 of wire trough 48. Side portion 212 terminates in a sharp reverse bend which forms a first leg 216 of a U-shaped spline groove 218, which has a bight 219 and a second leg 221. The second leg 221 is slightly shorter than the first leg 216. In like manner, side 214 terminates in a spline groove 220.
Since the panel 40 to this point of the description would have discontinuities at the outer corners which would appear through the fabric covering 70 applied to the major surfaces of panel 40, and since the spline grooves would also have discontinuities at the frame corners, lower and upper plastic members or frame corners 44 and 46 shown in FIG. 2 are provided. The lower plastic frame corner 44 is shown in perspective in FIG. 13, and the upper frame corner 46 is shown in side, end and cross-sectional views in FIGS. 14, 15 and 16, respectively.
More specifically, the lower plastic frame corner 44, which may be formed of Nylon 6/6, for example, is configured to fit over the outer corner 160 of the right angle joining member 134. Plastic frame corner 44 has first and second opposing flat sides 222 and 224 which have a substantially square configuration dimensioned to snugly fit the square lower corner voids of frame 42, smoothly continuing the flat vertical surfaces of the stiles 76 and 78 and lower rail 82 in the front and back major parallel planes 95 and 97 shown in FIG. 4.
In addition to continuing the flat vertically oriented parallel sides of the frame 42, the lower plastic frame corners 44 continue the outer perimeter of the stiles 76 and 78 and the lower rail 82, with FIG. 13 illustrating a side 226 of the plastic frame corner 44 which continues the perimeter of stile 76. A similar appearing side 228 faces downwardly, and is not shown in detail since it would have exactly the same appearance as side 226. Sides 226 and 228 have central resilient or flexible tabs, such as tab 230 on side 226, which are depressed or flexed slightly as they enter the openings 85 of stile 76 and lower rail 82, maintaining the lower corners 44 in the desired assembled positions. Spline grooves 232 and 234 on sides 226 and 228 continue the spline grooves 124 and 126 of the stiles 76 and 78 and lower rail 82.
The upper plastic frame corners 46, complete the upper frame corners adjacent the adjoining stiles and upper rail, and the upper frame corners 46 also complete the wire trough 48. Upper frame corner 46, which may also be formed of Nylon 6/6, for example, is also configured to fit over the outer corner 160 of the right angle joining member 134. Plastic frame corner 46 has first and second opposing flat sides 236 and 238 which have substantially square bottom portions 240 dimensioned to snugly fit the square upper corner voids of frame 42, smoothly continuing the flat vertical surfaces of the stiles 76 and 78 and upper rail 80 in the front and back major parallel planes 95 and 97. In addition to the square bottom portions 240, the opposing flat sides 236 and 238 have flat upper portions 242 which continue the outer surfaces of sides 212 and 214 of the wire trough 48 to the desired outer contour of panel 40. In other words, the longitudinal ends of wire trough 48 terminate before reaching the outer lateral vertical edges of panel 40, with each upper plastic corner 46 continuing the major flat vertical surfaces of the wire trough to an edge of panel 40.
In addition to continuing the flat vertically oriented parallel sides of the frame 42 and wire trough 48, the upper plastic frame corners 46 continue the outer perimeter of the stiles 76 and 78 and the wire trough 48, with FIGS. 15 and 16 illustrating a side 244 of the upper plastic frame corner 46 which continues the perimeter of stile 76. Side 244 has spline grooves 246 and 248 which continue the spline grooves 124 and 126 of the stiles, as well as the spline grooves 218 and 220 of the wire trough 48. As clearly shown in FIG. 15, upper plastic corner 46 has an opening 250 aligned with the end opening of wire trough 48, enabling wiring in the wire trough 48 to continue unobstructed from panel to panel.
The upper frame corner 46 is fixed in position by a depending tab portion 252 which may be secured, for example, by screw 60 when the hook portion 58 is attached to slotted standard 50. In addition to tab 252, upper frame corner 46 has a pair of horizontally spaced, outwardly extending resilient fingers 254 which are downwardly depressed by the lower surfaces of the bottom portions of the spline grooves 218 and 220, until reaching the desired assembled position, at which time, upwardly extending barbs 256 snap into openings 258 and 260 in such lower surfaces of the spline grooves 218 and 220, with the openings 258 and 260 being shown in FIG. 12. Upper frame corner 46 also has a pair of flanges 262 which snugly enter the end opening of wire trough 48. FIG. 16 is a cross sectional view through upper plastic frame corner 46, taken between and in the direction of arrows XVI--XVI in FIG. 15. A convenient assembly method includes the step of assembling the upper corners 46 with the wire trough 48 just prior to fixing the wire trough 48 to the upper edge of frame 42.
FIG. 17 is a fragmentary elevational view of panel 40 being joined to another panel 40' of like construction, in an office space dividing system 264 in which the panels 40 and 40 are supported by a post 266 having hook receiving means 267, ie, upper edges of flanges 269. The connector system which includes support hooks 58 and post 266 forms no part of the invention, and will not be described in detail. As stated earlier, the connector system is disclosed and claimed in the hereinbefore identified concurrently filed patent application.
The top of post 266 is approximately level with the top surface of horizontal wire-supporting bottom portion 200 of wire trough 48, while the slotted standards 50 continue to the top of the wire trough 48. The portions of the slotted standards 50 which would interfere with wiring proceeding from one wire trough 48 to the next is removed, as indicated at 268 in FIG. 2. Post covers snap on to post 266 to cover sides thereof which could support a panel 40, but which are unused in any particular office space dividing system arrangement, such as post cover 270. The top edge 272 of post cover 270 is substantially aligned with the top edges of the wire troughs 48 and slotted standards 50.
In order to rigidize the office space dividing system 264, as broadly disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,424,654, which patent is assigned to the same assignee as the present application, panel to panel spanners are used, such as the spanner 62 used to connect two in-line panels 40. Spanner 62 is shown in elevational, plan and end views in FIGS. 19, 20 and 21, respectively, and in an enlarged end view in FIG. 22. Spanner 62 takes advantage of the structural mass and rigidity of the wire troughs 48, upper rails 80, and of a metallic spanner configuration and structure which utilizes the wedge-shaped wire trough configuration to resist any tendency of connected panels to twist or move relative to one another.
More specifically, spanner 62 is formed from a high strength metal, such as 12 gauge hot rolled steel, into an elongated bar having an inverted, substantially U-shaped cross sectional configuration which includes a bight 274 and first and second depending legs 276 and 278. The lower portions of legs 276 and 278 are bent inwardly at bends 280 and 282 to form portions 284 and 286 which are angled at the same angle as sides 202 and 204 of wire trough 48. Thus, spanner 62 is disposed in the wire troughs 48 of two adjacent panels 40 and 40', and it is secured to the wire troughs and to the top of the intervening post 266 via suitable fasteners, such as by screws 288 which are disposed through openings 290 in the bight 274. The complementary sides of the wire trough and spanner create a wedging effect which, along with the large mass of metal at the top of the panel system provided by the wire trough 48, upper rail 80, and spanner 62, provides superior alignment forces which positively maintain the desired alignment of each panel supported by a post.
FIG. 23 is a fragmentary plan view of a spanner assembly 292 which may be used to join the wire troughs 48 and post 266 of four panels 40 at a four-way intersection of such panels. The same basic spanner construction is used to construct spanner assembly 292 as for the straight spanner 62. Spanner assembly 292 includes one relatively long straight section 294 having 90 degree cut ends, and two shorter straight sections 296 and 298, also having square cut ends. Square cut ends of sections 296 and 298 are welded to the midpoint of section 294, as indicated at welds 300 and 302.
FIG. 24 is a plan view of a spanner assembly 304 for three panels 40 joined in a three-way 120 degree intersection. Spanner assembly 304 includes a section 306 having square cut ends, and two sections 308 and 308', which may be of like construction, having at least one miter cut end. Section 308 is shown in a plan view in FIG. 25 having both ends 310 and 312 miter cut at an angle 314 of 60 degrees. Thus, the spanner section shown in FIG. 25 may be used for either of the sections 308 or 308', and only two different part configurations need be made and stocked to construct spanner assembly 304. The miter cut ends 310 and 312 of sections 308 and 308' are welded to opposite sides of one end of spanner section 306, as indicated at welds 316 and 318.
To construct a spanner assembly for a three-way panel intersection wherein one angle between panels is 90 degrees and two angles are 135 degrees, a spanner section 320 shown in FIG. 26 would be used in place of spanner sections 308. Spanner section 320 has two miter cut ends 322 and 324 which are cut at an angle of 45 degrees, indicated at 326. The spanner assembly for a three-way 90/135/135 intersection would appear similar to spanner assembly 304 shown in FIG. 24 for a 120 degree three-way intersection, except for the angles between spanner sections, and thus it is unnecessary to illustrate a separate spanner assembly for the 90/135/135 spanner.
FIGS. 27 and 28 are plan and sectional views of post cap 64 shown in FIG. 2, for a two way intersection of panels 40. Post cap 64, which may be made of a suitable plastic, such as a polycarbonate, covers the top of post 266. Post cap 64 has three locating portions: (1) first depending leg means for positioning relative to the slotted standards 50, (2) second depending leg means for positioning relative to any post covers 270, and (3) third locating means in the form of outwardly directed, horizontal projections which underlie each panel cap 66 which approaches the panel intersection.
More specifically, with a two-way panel intersection, there are four depending legs 328, 330, 332, and 334 for locating from the slotted standards 50. Legs 328 and 330 enter the top of a slotted standard 50 associated with one panel 40, and legs 332 and 334 enter the top of the slotted standard 50 associated with the other panel 40'. Since there would be two post covers 270 with a two-way intersection, ie., two unused panel positions, there are two depending legs 336 and 338 which engage the back surface of each post cover. Since two panels join in a two-way intersection, two opposite, horizontally extending portions 340 and 342 are provided, the top surfaces of which are recessed below the surface of a center portion 44 of the post cap 64. The recessed depth is the same as the thickness dimension of a metallic panel cap, when the panel cap 66 is formed of metal, as will be hereinafter described.
Other post caps for use with posts which have an unused panel position include post caps for a single panel joined to a post, and post caps for three panels joined to a post in a T-configuration. The post caps for these arrangements would have the same three locating functions, and need not be described in detail, eg., they would have a pair of depending legs for each slotted standard, a depending leg for each post cover, and a horizontal locating portion for each panel cap associated with a panel supported by the post.
FIGS. 29 and 30 are plan and sectional views of a post cap 346 for a post in which there are no unused panel positions, such as the four-way intersection illustrated. Other panel connections which have no unused panel positions include the three-way 120 degree intersection, and the three-way 90/135/135 intersection. Since the principles used to construct such post caps are the same for each configuration having no unused panel positions, only the post cap 346 for a four-way panel intersection is shown.
More specifically, when no unused panel positions are present, there will be no post cover disposed on an unused panel position, and thus the post cap does not have a depending leg portion for locating from a post cover. Thus, for the four-way intersection, post cap 346 includes a pair of depending legs for each of the four slotted standards 50, and a horizontal locating portion for each of the four panels joined to the associated post. For example, depending legs 348 and 350 enter one slotted standard 50, legs 352 and 354 enter another, legs 356 and 358 enter still another, and legs 360 and 362 enter the remaining slotted standard 50. Four horizontal alignment portions 364, 366, 368 and 370 are provided to underlie the four panel caps 66 which will extend into the area of the support post 266. The upper surfaces of the horizontal alignment portions are recessed below the surface 372 of the center portion of post cap 346.
FIGS. 31, 32 and 33 are side elevational, bottom and end views, respectively, of panel cap 66 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, illustrating a metallic embodiment thereof. Panel cap 66 is formed from a sheet of metal into a substantially C-shaped configuration, having a bight 374, and first and second depending leg portions 376 and 378 which respectively terminate in inwardly turned flanges 380 and 382. The inwardly turned flanges 380 and 382 are cut away at the ends of the panel cap 66, as indicated at 384 and 386, to allow the ends of the panel cap 66 to overlie the horizontally directed alignment portions of the post cap, such as the horizontal alignment portions 340 and 342 of post cap 64 shown in FIG. 27. The shorter inwardly disposed legs 221 of the wire trough 48 which define one side of spline grooves 218 and 220 permit the upper surface of panel cap 66 to be substantially flush with the top edges of the wire trough 48.
FIGS. 34 and 35 are elevational and plan views, respectively, of mounting clip 68 shown in FIG. 2, for attaching panel cap 66 to the wire trough 48. Clip 68 is formed of a suitable plastic, such as an injection molded polypropylene, and it includes a top portion 388 which has a similar configuration at opposite longitudinal ends 390 and 392. End 390 includes a relatively thin, resilient leg portion 394, and a thick relatively non-resilient leg portion 396. Leg portion 396 includes a side portion 398 which extends inwardly to the root 400 of leg portion 394. Portion 398 may be curved, as indicted, or straight, as desired. The important thing is to provide space for leg portion 394 to flex towards leg portion 396. Side 392 is of like construction, but having a resilient leg portion 394' at the diagonally opposite corner of the clip, which places leg portion 396' at the diagonally opposite corner to leg portion 396.
In the unstressed configuration of clip 68 shown in FIG. 35, the ends 401 and 401' of leg portions 394 and 394', and the ends 403 and 403, of leg portions 396 and 396' form four spaced mounting points which, when imaginary lines are drawn from one to the next, form a rectangular outline.
To fix mounting clip 68 to panel cap 66, clip 68 is placed within the C-shaped configuration of the panel cap 66 such that the longitudinal axis 405 of the clip 68 is substantially aligned with the longitudinal axis 407 of panel cap 66. Clip 68 is then turned or twisted one-quarter turn about vertical axis 409, in the direction of arrow 402. Legs 394 and 394' will be inwardly flexed by leg portions 376 and 378 of the panel cap 66. Thus, mounting points 401 and 401' are effectively moved out of their normal positions and they do not provide their locating and mounting function during clip assembly. Thus, there is relatively little resistance to rotational movement of clip 68 during the one quarter installation turn. Once clip 68 reaches a point where its longitudinal axis 405 is perpendicular to the longitudinal axis 407 of the panel cap 66, legs 401 and 401' move back to their unbiased positions. Now all four mounting points 401, 401', 403 and 403' become functional, to firmly hold clip 68 in the assembled position within the panel cap 66.
Attempting to turn clip 68 in either rotational direction after assembly results in trying to force two diagonally opposite leg ends perpendicularly into the legs 376 and 378 of panel cap 66, preventing removal. The only way clip may be easily removed is to slide it to an end of the panel cap 66. It may also be removed by the difficult task of manually deflecting both legs 394 and 394' inwardly at the same time with a suitable tool, and then turning the clip.
Clip 68 further includes first and second resilient depending legs 404 and 406. Leg 404 includes an outwardly directed upper portion 408, a bend or knee 410, and an inwardly directed portion 412. Leg 406 is of similar construction. When panel cap 66, with clips 68 secured thereto, is moved downwardly towards its seated position on top of wire trough 48, the inwardly converging legs are initially between the walls 221 of the spline grooves 218 and 220, and then the spline grooves contact the lower portions 412 and 412' to bend the legs 404 and 406 inwardly towards one another. As the seated position of panel cap 66 is approached, the knees 410 and 410' pass the lower corners 414 and 416 of the spline groove structures 218 and 220, allowing the legs 404 and 406 to start to return to their unbiased configurations, providing a downwardly directed bias which firmly holds the mounting clips 68 and panel cap 66 in the desired position substantially flush with the top of the wire trough 48.
Prying the panel cap 66 upwardly will reverse the procedure, reaching a point where the panel cap 66 will be released from the spline groove structures 218 and 220 which holds the clips 68 with the downwardly directed force when the knees 410 and 410' are below the spline groove corners 414 and 416. Mounting clip 68 also has a fastener opening 414, permitting clip 68 to be screwed to the underside of a panel cap which is made of wood or some other non-metallic material.
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|26 Abr 2011
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|Clasificación de EE.UU.
|160/135, 52/239
|Clasificación internacional
|Clasificación cooperativa
|Clasificación europea
|15 May 1990
Owner name: WESTINGHOUSE ELECTRIC CORPORATION, PA CORP., PENNS
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNORS:DELONG, RONALD B.;BOUSE, JAMES R.;CONNER, JOHN P.;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:005318/0774
Effective date: 19900510
|26 Ene 1995
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|14 Mar 1996
Owner name: NATIONSBANK, N.A., AS COLLATERAL AGENT, NORTH CARO
Free format text: SECURITY AGREEMENT;ASSIGNOR:KNOLL, INC.;REEL/FRAME:007803/0214
Effective date: 19960228
|8 Abr 1996
Owner name: KNOLL, INC., PENNSYLVANIA
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:WESTINGHOUSE ELECTRIC CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:007888/0022
Effective date: 19960229
|29 Ago 1997
Owner name: KNOLL, INC., PENNSYLVANIA
Free format text: RELEASE BY SECURED PARTY;ASSIGNOR:NATIONSBANK, N.A. AS COLLATERAL AGENT;REEL/FRAME:008660/0504
Effective date: 19970806
|14 Abr 1999
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 8
|15 Nov 1999
|30 Abr 2003
|Maintenance fee reminder mailed
|15 Oct 2003
|Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees
|9 Dic 2003
|Expired due to failure to pay maintenance fee
Effective date: 20031015
|5 Oct 2004


text:
Gold Virgin Media TiVo box pictures and hands-on
To celebrate reaching one million customers for its TiVo service, Virgin Media commissioned an extremely limited edition gold version of its 1TB set-top-box. So limited, in fact, that there's only one in existance.
And, like with the vajazzled version of the box made in honour of The Only Way is Essex, Pocket-lint has managed to get its hands-on it long enough to take a batch of exclusive photos.
The box itself has also been in the hands of a lucky couple from Bramcote in Nottinghamshire, Allan and Christine Ward, who, thanks to Virgin Media, got to meet their favourite celebrity, actor and ex-Spandau Ballet bassist Martin Kemp (Gold, get it?). He performed a celebrity install of their Virgin Media TiVo service at their home, and the Wards also got a brand new 3D TV to watch it on.
Looking at the gold box itself, while it's not exactly covered in the precious metal (rather, spray painted by experts) it's definitely a desirable colour scheme. We also put it up against the chrome VM TiVo remote that was created near the beginning of the service's introduction for VIPs and celebrities, and it fits right in.
It also brings back a few memories of yesteryear, as we'd swear blind that the sparkling finish is identical to the one adopted for the Golden Gamesmaster Joysticks in later series of the Channel 4 show from the Nineties. Originally, the joysticks were gold plated, but further down the line they were sprayed in gold car paint. Some walls in the Docklands probably still show the gold-rimmed sillouettes of Quickshot Pros - like games-oriented Banksy graffiti.
We digress though. Unfortunately, we couldn't actually plug the gold TiVo box into our cable service as it hadn't been set up for our account, so only got to play with the exterior, but from what we have seen, we reckon owners would lap up a limited run of these boxes should Virgin Media make them more widely available.
What do you think of the gold box? Would you want one? Let is know in the comments below...
What is Freeview Play, when is it coming and how can I get it?
Humax unveils the first Freeview Play set-top box
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
Between red carpets, swanky events, and IRL sightings, here are the best-dressed celebs of the week.
Shop the Trend: Cozy Sweaters
20% of proceeds will benefit the Breast Cancer Research Foundation.
Mane Message Hair Ties, $9.45; manemessage.com
Patricia Nash is teaming up with January Jones, Liv Tyler, Giuliana Rancic, and more than a dozen other celebrities to auction off autographed Barcellona Saddle Bags filled with each stars' handbag must-haves. 100% of final bids benefit the Breast Cancer Research Foundation.
To bid now, click over to patricianashdesigns.com
The Look: Dree Hemingway


text:
Click on a thumbnail to go to Google Books.
Happy Birthday to You! (1959)
by Dr. Seuss
No current Talk conversations about this book.
This is a tradition; I read this to my son the night before his birthday & on his birthday each year.
I enjoyed this book a lot and I strongly believe in ready Dr. Seuss books to children. I would read this book probably while doing a lesson plan with Dr. Seuss books. I would enjoy to read this book on Dr. Seuss' birthday and kinda make a week of Dr. Seuss activities.
Happy Birthday to You! by Dr. Seuss tells what the birthday bird dos in Katroo. This would be a great book to read to any birthday boy or girl. Dr. Seuss writes in a way that whoever reads the book will feel special. Students can learn about birthdays in Katroo and how great it is to be yourself. I love this book and every year, when I was younger, my parents would read this book to me. The part that stuck out the most to me is, "Today you are you! That is truer than true! There is no one alive that is you-er than you!" That always made me feel good because I felt irreplaceable and I felt that I was important. I think that it is important for people to feel that way. You have a totally different outlook on life.
I have always loved reading books by Dr. Seuss because of all the great rhyming that they contain. I specifically chose to read this book because it was about birthdays, and as children everyone looks forward to that special day where everything gets to be about the birthday boy or girl. This book was something very fun to read and should be read to kids on their birthday just to remind them how great they are!
Happy Birthday To You by Dr. Seuss is a book using rhyming that tells about what happens at birthdays in Katroo. In Katroo, they have birthday birds that grow there and go to every child on their birthday and grants them the wish of whatever they want to do.
I like this book a lot because it uses rhyme to teach children about birthdays. It is also a fun book to get children thinking about what they would want to do for their birthdays even though it cannot be on as grand a scheme.
I would use this book to read each month when we celebrate the birthdays for that month. It would be a fun book to read.
References to this work on external resources.
Wikipedia in English
Amazon.com Product Description (ISBN 0394800761, Hardcover)"Today you are you! That is truer than true! There is no one alive who is you-er than you!" Since 1959, Happy Birthday to You!—Dr. Seuss's joyous ode to individuality—has allowed readers to experience firsthand the thrill of celebrating a birthday as it is done in Katroo. Awakened by the Birthday Bird, you (the reader) are swept out of town on a Smorgasbord's back to begin a day and night of feasting and feting in such Seussian splendor that it will take 20 days to sweep up the mess!
(retrieved from Amazon Thu, 12 Mar 2015 18:04:53 -0400)
Describes a birthday celebration in Katroo presided over by the Birthday Bird.
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STO Trek BBS Fleet
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February 10 2012, 09:05 PM
Location: Rhode Island, USA
Re: STO Trek BBS Fleet
Either at some point tonight, or tomorrow mid-morning before the FE goes live, I'm planning on running a series of Elite Space STFs, if anyone is interested. Another shot at the MK XII purple gear drops.
Infected Elite you can't really lose, so even though the Optional is hard, you always get the end drop.
Khittomer Accord is easy to not lose, and I've had decent luck on the Optional if the group is ok, so if it's not a PUG group, shouldn't be a problem to get both. I didn't roll well, but a couple Prototype Salvage (purple Mk XII gear, but not the MACO/Omega sets) were in the Optional bag. End bag is easy enough to get.
Cure Space I don't seem to have any luck with at all. PUGs won't listen, and keep blowing up the cube, which spawns a bunch more ships, and then the Kang gets mobbed and blows up. Never actually won that one, but up for a try with a better group...
Perhaps, if I am very lucky, the feeble efforts of my lifetime will someday be noticed and maybe, in some small way, they will be acknowledged as the greatest works of genius ever created by man. ~Jack Handey
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"We're sitting on a pretty ugly non-performing piece of real estate. Tens of thousands of people work downtown. I've never seen any one of them picnic there."
Related quotes
"We took a federal mandate that most people thought was pretty ugly and used it to improve clinical quality."
"I believe that the people, instead of pretty lies, should be told the truth, no matter how ugly it may be. What can we do, destiny hasn't been kind to us; but, with the help of God, we will prevail."


text:
Disadvantages of Pairs Trading
Aside from the risks associated with pairs trading, there are a number of disadvantages to this investment technique of which traders should be aware. Perhaps the most obvious disadvantage is that each trade necessitates twice the commissions and fees. If an investor were to simply go long, he or she would pay one commission to enter and one to exit the trade. A pairs trader, however, must pay two commissions to enter and two commissions to exit each trade. Depending on the particular strategy employed, this can add up quickly. Commissions should be factored into any historical modeling to determine if the strategy can, in fact, make a profit.
The outcomes of execution risk are also a disadvantage in pairs trading. Slippage, partial fills and bid-ask spreads can reduce profits. The bid-ask spread is the amount by which the ask price exceeds the bid, or the difference in price between the price a buyer is willing to pay for a security (bid), and the and the price a seller wants for that security (ask). The trading volume of the securities greatly affects the bid-ask spread; instruments that trade under higher volume tend to have smaller bid-ask spreads, while those that are thinly traded often have larger bid-ask spreads.
Because many pairs trading strategies rely on exploiting very small price changes, the technique may be most efficient for traders who are well-capitalized and who have the ability to enter large positions (i.e., lots of trading capital and willingness to leverage positions). True to nearly any style of investing, smaller traders may need to take a different approach (and employ a different strategy) than the large, institutional pairs traders.
Qualitative AnalysisSecurities analysis that uses subjective judgment based on nonquantifiable ...
Profit and Loss Statement (P&L)A financial statement that summarizes the revenues, costs and ...
LiquidityThe degree to which an asset or security can be quickly bought ...
Profit MarginProfit margin is part of a category of profitability ratios calculated ...
Quarter - Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4A three-month period on a financial calendar that acts as a basis ...
Debt RatioA financial ratio that measures the extent of a company's or ...
How do I read and analyze an income statement?The income statement, also known as the profit and loss (P&L) statement, is the financial statement that depicts the ... Read Full Answer >>
Can working capital be too high?A company's working capital ratio can be too high in the sense that an excessively high ratio is generally considered an ... Read Full Answer >>
What are some of the most common technical indicators that back up Doji patterns?The doji candlestick is important enough that Steve Nison devotes an entire chapter to it in his definitive work on candlestick ... Read Full Answer >>
How do I use discounted cash flow (DCF) to value stock?Discounted cash flow (DCF) analysis can be a very helpful tool for analysts and investors in equity valuation. It provides ... Read Full Answer >>
Are mutual funds considered retirement accounts?Unlike a 401(k) or Individual Retirement Account (IRA), mutual funds are not classified as retirement accounts. Employers ... Read Full Answer >>
Tame Panic Selling with the Exhausted Selling ModelThe exhausted selling model is a pricing strategy used to identify and trade based off of the price floor of a security. ... Read Full Answer >>


text:
Get outspoken insights and expert advice on the products and companies that define today's tech landscape, from a source who knows these technologies inside and out.
Enterprise Software
Perfectly legal ways you can still get Windows 7 cheap (or even free)
Windows 10
Microsoft tries to clear the air on Windows 10 privacy furor
Enterprise Software
How much does an iPhone 6 really cost? (Hint: It's way more than $199)
Windows 10


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Free Shipping
Product Information:
The George Kovacs Families 3 Light Bowl Pendant adds an elegant feature to your kitchen setting. It is made from anodized aluminum, which is robust and gives a beautiful texture to the mini pendant. This drum pendant has chrome finish that gives a shiny and lustrous look. The inverted drum shape and white shade color looks elegant and splendid in the kitchen area. It has space to accommodate three incandescent bulbs. It has an adjustable rod that gives you freedom to decide the height of the pendant. The Families 3 Light Bowl Pendant from George Kovacs is safe to wipe with a dry cloth to maintain its elegance.
Product Details
Weights & Dimensions
Shade Material: Metal
|Fixture Type: Bowl pendant
|Bulb Type: Incandescent
|Number of Lights: 3
|Light Direction: Down
|Adjustable: Yes
|Wattage per Bulb: 60 Watts (W)
|Shade Color: White
|Shade Shape: Bowl
|Finish: Chrome
|Room Use: Kitchen
|Swarovski Crystal: No
|Lens Included: No
|Number of Tiers: 1
|Product Care: Wipe with a soft, dry cloth
|Country of Manufacture: China
|Assembly Required: Yes
|Product Warranty: 1 Year Limited Warranty: The warranty is limited to the correction of any defect in material and workmanship. The warranty does not cover the finish.
About the Manufacturer
For over four decades, George Kovacs has been a name synonomous with contemporary design. George Kovacs is a pioneer in the fusion of clean lines with unexpected twists and curves, resulting in pieces that had a modern appeal with a retro flavor. George Kovacs designed and manufactured his products from his facility in Brooklyn, NY up until a few years ago. His studio, designs, and naming rights were purchased by the Minka Group and his collection was incorporated as a stand-alone grouping.
Although the products are now imported, the design heritage remains the same. George Kovacs lighting remains at the forefront of cutting edge contemporary style, and he retains a team of renowned designers, including George Kovacs himself, Rachel Simon, Karim Rashid, and Alecia Wesner. These lighting experts have designed a wide selection of wall sconces, pendants, ceiling lights, bath lighting, table lamps and floor lamps.
There is nothing better than a Kovacs light for today's modern home decor. Be sure to browse the Kovacs line of lighting and be astonished by the intriguing and forward-looking aspects of cutting edge design and technology. Defined by unusual elements fused with a popular vision of what modern means, his lighting creates an individual and powerful sense of space no matter where it is placed.
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We want you to love it. If you don't, you may return your purchase within 30 days of delivery. All you need to do is visit our Self-Service Return Center for instructions. Return credits are issued within 24 hours once the item is received and inspected. Please note that shipping charges are non-refundable. The cost of return shipping will be deducted from your refund. 30-Day Return Policy
Overall Rating
Based on 39 reviews
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Beautiful Light Fixture Laura from Marmora, NJ on 09/09/2015 – Verified Buyer
I bought this light fixture for my open 2-story foyer which is difficult to change bulbs because of it's location. My last ancient fixture was there for many years with burned out bulbs for that reason. My house is modern and this accents my foyer beautifully. The open bottom allows the bulbs to be changed easily with a pole bulb changer but they also give you plenty of cord so you can install it lower, which I did, and a taller person can change from my stairwell. It is very sturdy. I am extremely pleased with this light.
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Lovely lamp Jill from Brooklyn, NY on 07/02/2014 – Verified Buyer
Great lamp, good price, speedy delivery. The item was installed by a contractor, so I cannot attest to the ease of assembly; however, the item itself is simple. The one interesting thing I will say is that since the base is shiny, one of my cats is utterly and weirdly mesmerized by her own reflection. A regular Narcissus.
Was this helpful? Yes 3 No 0
Brilliant !! Candice from Gaithersburg, MD on 11/04/2014 – Verified Buyer
Love love love this drum which has been placed over my dining room table which seats 6. It is modern but not to the point where it feels sterile. Tons of light is able to escape from the slits in the pendant. Well made and nice to look at
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Beautiful Light Pamela from tomball, TX on 05/19/2015 – Verified Buyer
We bought two of these for our newly remodeled kitchen and they are beautiful. We put three led bulbs in them and they light up our large kitchen. We tried different bulbs and the led compliment the chrome fixture best. We searched all over for light fixtures that would put off up and down lighting and these put off light through out the entire fixture. Love them.
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PERFECT! Carlen from Decatur, GA on 12/09/2014 – Verified Buyer
I cannot begin to say how wonderful this pendant is. We are building a new house and got it to go over our breakfast nook table. It arrived quickly, looks exactly like the picture, and is just the right size! We love it!
Was this helpful? Yes 1 No 0


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All posts tagged "march 2010"
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- Model of the Month | Liu Wen Interview Part II
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- Model of the Month | Liu Wen Interview Part I
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- Nicola Haffmans by Sylvie Malfray | Harper's Bazaar Romania
In tune with nature and her body, Nicola Haffmans resembles an ancient dryad in the latest work from Sylvie Malfray. Published...EditorialMarch 16, 2010
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Liu Wen appears on the cover the latest WWD Beauty Biz looking stunning in an up swept hairdo and painted eyebrows....EditorialMarch 12, 2010
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Photographed by Fabio Bartlet for this month's issue of Vogue Brazil, Alice Dellal is nobody's pushover. Dressed in leather and lace,...Fabio BarteltMarch 10, 2010
- Denisa Dvorakova by Laura Sciacovelli | Marie Claire Italia March 2010
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