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Blackleaf is part of Internet Fusion Ltd. Internet Fusion Ltd was incorporated in September 2005, before that Internet Fusion Ltd traded as Streetgadgets.com. Trading since August 1999 and now with over 15 years experience of online retailing we stock an array of top quality products and challenge you to find our products cheaper anywhere else. We hold large stocks and delivery on most products ordered are dispatched the very same day.
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Our mission is to become the number one online retailer of lifestyle products by providing quality brands, excellent service and the lowest prices.
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By Ryan Clark | January 28, 2011 | Comments
Meanwhile, this week's edition of WWE Superstars drew a 0.64 (0.6) rating, with 755,000 viewers. The WWE Superstars replay drew a 0.17 (0.2) rating, with 120,000 viewers.
NJPW On AXS Recap (10/9): Wrestle Kingdom 9 With New Announcers, NJPW PPV Coverage Reminder
Backstage News On TNA Cancelling Halloween Live Event Tour, Talents Still Getting Paid
WWE Working On DVD Set For 2014 Hall Of Famer, Arnold Schwarzenegger - WWE 2K16, The Dudleyz
WWE SmackDown Viewership Up, Update On Reported WWE NXT Departures, WWE Stock Update
Tyrus Says John Cena Sucks And Posts Video About TNA Championship Series, EC3 Gets Facebook Fan Page
Sting Q&A Highlights: How He's Doing Since His Injury, Ceiling Entrance, His Favorite Performers
James Storm Has Not Signed With WWE And TNA Is Making Plays, TNA Cancels House Show Tour
WWE Announces James Storm's NXT Debut, Triple H Comments
** SPOILERS ** WWE NXT Tapings Airing In October
Backstage News On The Rock And The Undertaker Working More With WWE This Year
WWE NXT "Takeover: Respect" Results - Iron Man Match, Dusty Rhodes Tag Team Classic, Asuka, More
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subset: commoncrawl


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Oh, vintage found image collage… you will always be my first love. I haven't written about anything like this in awhile, but when New York based artist Johanna Goodman sent me a sample of her work, well, my heart skipped a beat. Cakes, big shoes & a bunch of cigarettes, airplanes, peaches n' lemons – yes, yes, yes, YES!
Ok. This is taking affordable prints to an entirely new place…
Vintage paint-by-number. On circular, salvaged wood. For $22. Gah!!! These cool little nods to the past are the work of Canadian couple Patrick Lajoie and Mara Minuzzo. At their home studio, in the rolling hills of beautiful Caledon, Ontario {just outside of Toronto}, they manually transfer the pigments of an archival print onto wood… 1/2″ thick birch plywood scraps left over from the construction of their studio workshop. LOVE!
{ps. I bought one before I posted this just so I could be sure to scoop the one I wanted! Any guesses?}
You know how I feel about Polaroids, right? And, you probably also know how I feel about geometrics… not to mention found image collage. Ok then, check these out:
Oh! So good. Canadian artist/curator/all-round creative guy Randy Grskovic is the man behind these lovely gems, which are an exercise in exploring memories whose documentation has been lost {ie., your mom threw out a bunch of your childhood photos when you left for college – why would she do that?!}.
Now, what I love even more than these images is that Randy didn't stop here. I've often talked about how much I admire artists who continue to push themselves and evolve their work – well, have a look at part II in this "Found Photographs" series:
Are. You. Kidding?! ♥
{ps. Randy has an indigogo project happening right now, titled "100 Patrons" – it's all about the artist/patron relationship, and making affordable art accessible to all. He's half way to his goal with 17 days left. Pop over there and help if you can.}
Holly Wales: Most likely to make me jealous using only felt-tip markers and white paper!
Oh I love this piece, titled "Class of" by London based artist/illustrator Holly Wales. This puts the doodles in my year book to shame! … hm… I'm pretty sure I dated the guy with the horns. Aaaaanyway. Oh, and look what she does with colored markers:
Vintage motel signs, hand-drawn with brightly-hued, juicy felt-tip markers… ♥
{ps. all of these drawings can be purchased as prints, right here.}
So, I was in Austin a few weeks ago, and somehow, found THIS! I'd read about this gallery, Roadhouse Relics, but never thought I'd actually have time during my whirl wind trip to make it over there… and then there it was, right in front of me as I crossed First Street… it was an artsy miracle.
All of these old vintage neon signs, are actually brand new neon signs designed and built to look old, by Austin artist Todd Sanders. If you follow me on Instagram, you'll see that I did my best to document a few of my favorites {some are posted above}, but one was missing. There was a piece that I'd seen/loved online that wasn't up in the gallery that day. This is it:
A giant mason jar full of neon fireflies? Love.
Gasp! I'm a little bit lost for words {which is rare for me}. This is just so beautiful, and oh so meticulous. This work is from the paper-folding series, Between the Folds, by Chilean born, London based artist Francisca Prieto. These sweet little birds are from pages of "A History of British Birds, 1870″, but now they are catalogued in an entirely new way… a delicate origami, tiny hidden window kind of way! LOVE. And there's so much more where those little birds came from! Francisca folds just about everything – ornamental designs from 1892, British botanicals, some very very old maps:
I already said , Gasp!, right? ♥
Yes. Oh my goodness… YES!!! This is a series, titled Attraction, by Australian artist Maz Dixon. Sigh… these hilarious paintings whisk me off to my childhood instantly! Oh, I wish that I was spending a sunny day at the beach with a giant pineapple, a huge shrimp, AND a dolphin that I could kiss – but I digress – here's what this series is all about:
The Attraction series is an examination of the prescriptive nature of souvenir media. Souvenir manufacturers photograph the scenery and attractions of a holiday destination, and mechanically reproduce these scenes for mass consumption through postcards, view-folders, tea towels. These items become instruction manuals for viewers, showing them how they are to experience their destination. Mass-produced imagery becomes mass-produced experience.
By separating figures and landscape from each other, the relationship between viewer and souvenir is realigned. With context removed, the viewer is free to create their own narrative around figures or landscapes.
Yep… and my narrative includes a giant pineapple, a huge shrimp, AND a dolphin that I could kiss.
Well, clearly American artist Richard Vergez has a thing for billowing smoke… hm, and it appears that I do too! His portfolio is actually full of all sorts of amazing collages don't have smoke in them, but there was just something about these that called my name! Oh, and there was also this:
Good morning!
So, let me explain what we're doing here on the weekend! There are so many artists that I'd love to hang out with… especially over french toast and a latte. Ah yes, two of my most favorite things. Art, and brunch. Now, I can't fly around the world every Saturday morning, so I'm gonna fake it. Enter this new series – "weekend brunch" – a five question interview with one of my favorite artists, "at" their favorite brunch place.
Up first, Seattle based artist Shaun Kardinal. I asked Shaun to choose our destination, and he picked "Oddfellows Cafe" in Seattle… looks like a lovely place to me! Ok, grab your coffee, and let's do this:
JC: hi shaun… what are you gonna have?
SK: eggs benedict, a mimosa, a coffee, and a water, please. i partied a little hard last night–three liquids are essential. what about you?
JC: hm. same, hold the mimosa. i'm a light weight. so, thanks for having brunch with me! … who do you usually have brunch with?
SK: you know, i haven't actually been out to brunch in a long time! i'm a bit of a homebody by day (definitely not a morning type), and find myself more inclined to plan ahead for a meal at home, should i expect a big breakfast on the horizon. that said, in the past, brunches have almost always been group affairs, with friends meeting again after partying the night prior.
JC: what are you doing later? do you normally spend the weekend making art, or do you use saturday and sunday for other stuff?
SK: oh my god – there's no way i am getting anything done today. being a freelance designer, i don't so much subscribe to weekends, so i take days off when my body requires them, and getting out into the world for brunch was enough for today with this foggy head. afternoon movie on the couch?
JC: which movie?
SK: there are a lot of recent releases i've been hoping to see lately, but today i definitely need something light, not too conceptual. probably an old favorite like "stranger than fiction" or "royal tenenbaums". maybe a woody allen flick, ideally one with diane keaton! if i really can't pick, i'll just put on a half dozen episodes of "arrested development".
JC: ok, well after you recover, do you want to go {pretend} searching for old postcards? i'd love to see where you find all of the amazing bases for your work!
SK: that sounds fun. in fact, my supply is dwindling so a hunt is definitely in order soon. there is a great antique shop down on the waterfront that has a big stack of postcards i love to dig through. they also have an awesome collection of LIFE magazines, and every issue of playboy since the early 70s, should you want to grab your birthday issue – i already have mine!
JC: nice! i do have a thing for vintage playboys (seriously). ok, so this is no secret but, i LOVE embroidery on found images. how did you learn to sew so precisely? do the mimosas and coffee help with a steady hand?
SK: simply put: practice. there are only so many ways for the thread to pass through paper, and against itself, and with each piece, each pattern and with many different weights of paper, i've learned better and more efficient ways to solve every puzzle.
…and yah, sometimes a drink ain't so bad either : )
JC: ah, so fun! thanks for breakfast shaun… i'll pick up the tab this time ; )
SK: much obliged.
And that's how we do it! A fake brunch with one of my favorite artists… I really could go for some REAL eggs benedict, a coffee, and a little vintage postcard shopping with Shaun though. Come back next Saturday and join me in another restaurant, in another city, with another fabulous artist. Happy weekend to you!
Ok, this is some of my most favorite collage I've stumbled upon in quite some time! Belgium based artist Katrien De Blauwer combines only two images in each piece, yet magically creates a fascinating & mysterious story. Oh, and don't even get me started on her amazing color palette, created solely through found images and found paper that she somehow manages to maintain throughout her entire, huge, gorgeous portfolio. Love with a capital L.
…And, as a little post-nod to the Oscars, here are three pieces from Katrien's series, "Cinematic Cuts":
{via Erna Reiken on Pinterest}


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|Home > Nutrition > Healthy Recipes > Asparagus with Sole
Category: Main Dish | Serves: 4
Nutrition Information:Calories: 140
Protein: 24 g
Carbs: 6 g
Fat: 2 g
Saturated Fat: 0 g
Sodium: 210 mg
Fiber: 3 g
Fish is healthy and quick to cook. Enjoy this tender, delicately seasoned fish with asparagus. Add brown rice for a complete meal.
|Cut asparagus into 3 inch lengths. Cook in 2-quart saucepan in lightly salted water for 5 minutes, drain. Set aside.
|Season the skin side of the sole fillets with salt, garlic and lemon or lime peel. Place asparagus spears at one end of each fillet.
|Roll up fillets with asparagus spears inside and secure with plain round toothpicks. Place in a 2-quart oven-save casserole dish liberally sprayed with non-stick cooking spray.
|In a small bowl combine remaining ingredients and pour over fish. Bake in a 400�F oven for approximately 15 to 20 minutes or until fish flakes easily. Baste fish every 7 minutes.
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- Magic: The Gathering
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Flavour Text: A shrine to unchecked desire.
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Findlay Prep guard Rashad Vaughn orders food with teammates while dining at a local McDonald's as he is honored for being selected as a McDonald's All-American on Thursday, March 27, 2014.
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Taking the Census Two Ways
Published: January 27, 1999
The Supreme Court's ruling against the use of statistical sampling to supplement the traditional head count in the 2000 census is disappointing. Sampling has long been endorsed by experts, including panels convened by the National Academy of Sciences, to produce an accurate population count. But the ruling, based on the wording of the Federal Census Act, is actually quite narrow.
The Court did not address the argument that sampling violates the ''actual enumeration'' requirement in the Constitution. The Court held only that the Federal statute prohibits the use of sampling to determine population for purposes of apportionment of Congressional seats among the states. That is a blow against political fairness because states with immigrant, minority and low-income populations have suffered significant undercounts under traditional census-taking methods, making them likely to be shortchanged on seats in Congress. The 1990 census missed an estimated 8.4 million Americans, a disproportionate number of them blacks and Hispanics.
But the Court's ruling allows the use of sampling in collecting census data for all other government purposes, including Federal aid to state and local governments. As the majority opinion by Sandra Day O'Connor explains, the 1976 revisions to the Census Act actually require the use of sampling for non-apportionment purposes if it is deemed ''feasible'' by the Secretary of Commerce.
That means the more accurate, adjusted figures can be used in drawing within each state the Congressional, state and local legislative district lines. Using better data could affect the control of Congress by increasing the number of districts with substantial urban and minority populations. A more accurate count could also affect state legislatures by giving more voice to areas where undercounting has been rampant. The adjusted data should also be used to determine distribution for more than 160 Federal aid programs. The Clinton Administration should move forward with sampling for those important uses while producing a separate set of unadjusted figures for apportionment only. The Republicans will balk at the two-track proposal, but accuracy, fairness and the Census Act demand it.


text: I posted some new photos on my profile page of crafts that I have made this holiday season. I still have more to post but thought I'd share the photos with all of you crafty moms! The photos are tagged for public view - so you should have no problem viewing them.


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The Hispanic Women's Network of Texas ("HWNT"), Fort Worth Chapter's Latinas in Progress™ ("LIP") Education Series seeks high school Latina students entering into their senior year, who are eager and motivated to pursue higher education.
LIP strives to familiarize senior high school Latinas with college life and the tools to succeed in their personal and professional life. The LIP Education Series consists of five learning sessions, volunteer opportunities, and a mentorship component. The Education Series enables the students to participate in five modules where they will:
- learn more about applying to college and college life
- improve their writing skills
- learn to be more assertive
- learn about the importance of civic participation
- learn health and wellness tips and other important life skills
Each session is taught at local partner college or university and held on a Saturday during the school year from September 2015 to February 2016. The LIP Education Series also exposes the participants to a mentorship component: Latina women who share their stories of overcoming adversity, achieving higher education and professional success. Each session provides enriching learning experiences and encouragement by providing access to opportunities, information, financial resources, and exposure to universities.
If you have any questions or concerns, please email the Education Committee Chair at email@example.com.
Copyright © 2011-15 Hispanic Women's Network of Texas • All Rights Reserved


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Added February 23, 2012 4:32 PM
Investigation Into Rock Co. Deputy Finished
Category: Courts, General
A Rock County Sheriff's Deputy could soon find out if he's facing criminal charges.Read Full Story
Share your Photos, Videos, and Stories on uShare! Click here to get started.
Added February 23, 2012 4:32 PM
Category: Courts, General


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Introduced in 5.0.0
void al_destroy_bitmap(ALLEGRO_BITMAP *bitmap)
Destroys the given bitmap, freeing all resources used by it. Does nothing if given the null pointer.
Examples: ex_bitmap, ex_bitmap_flip, ex_bitmap_target, ex_blend2, ex_blend_bench, ex_blend_test, ex_blit, ex_clip, ex_convert, ex_curl, ex_draw, ex_draw_bitmap, ex_dualies, ex_expose, ex_filter, ex_font, ex_fs_resize, ex_gldepth, ex_lines, ex_lockbitmap, ex_logo, ex_mixer_pp, ex_mouse_cursor, ex_multiwin, ex_nodisplay, ex_physfs, ex_pixelformat, ex_premulalpha, ex_resize2, ex_rotate, ex_scale, ex_subbitmap, ex_transform
Most helpful discussions:
- al_destroy_bitmap() crashes when called (1)
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- Getting artefact when loading image
- Program slows after loading images
- Does Aal_convert_bitmaps Preserve Bitmap Flags?
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Other recent discussions:
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- [A5] Masked drawing?
- Big fonts
- Problem with shaders (bitmap not drawn at all).
- Acceleration & Deceleration


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During the DNC, check out the cop car that tells immigrant stories
This fomer cop car is art. Really.
When Miami artist Steven Gagnon decided to bring his latest "video sculpture" to Denver for the Democratic National Convention, he had no idea how good his timing would be.
Gagnon's Border Cruiser is a converted police squad car designed to make some pointed commentary about the plight of illegal immigrants. It features a video interview with a Brazilian immigrant, who describes the hardships he faced both crossing the border from Mexico, and once he arrived in the U.S. Speakers on top of the car -- where the police lights should be -- blare his story, while the video is projected onto the rear windows.
The goal, Gagnon explains, is to give the feel of an immigrant telling his story from the back of a cop car. And that's especially appropriate now in Denver, where voters have decided the city should impound the cars of unlicensed, undocumented immigrants.
"I had no idea," Gagnon said upon hearing the news. "I guess I should bring my passport, then."
Gagnon plans to drive the Cruiser up to Denver in time for the start of the convention Monday and park it outside Buffalo Exchange, at 230 East 13th Avenue, for the duration of the festivities. It will be on display 7 p.m. to 12 a.m. Monday through Thursday. Then Gagnon will head to Minneapolis for the Republican convention.
For more info, visit Gagnon's website and or read an article about the Cruiser's Miami debut that appeared in the Miami New Times, Westword's sister paper. -- Lisa Rab
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College Democrats, Republicans talk immigration, education
Lexi Faunce, Deputy News Editor
The NYU College Democrats and Republicans hold their fall debate on the topics of Economics of Immigration and School Vouchers.Read More »
October 9, 2015 • 0 comments
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October 9, 2015
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ello ppl
ello ppl
Jun 09, 2005 12:05AM PST
damn i was pissed today i went to a game store (im not naming where) and ppl started looking at me as if im a freaking alien then this 17 yo kid asked if i do play games (as if im lost)...im like hello dude i probly hav more games than you since i hav a job...im sick of it...well ppl need to accept the fact tht a lot of girls play videogames now and we girlz can prbly kick ur butts...i min its 2005 we girls hav a bigger presence now compared back in the 80's.....my xbox is my baby i need to play with it evryday and nurture it...hahaha...
Comments (21)
jeez...Posted: Jun 09, 2005 12:00AM PST by Ninjuggalo.1up.com
all this talk...im goin on halo 2 and lookin for you, your goin down!
Come on don't mind themPosted: Jun 09, 2005 12:00AM PST by Ufo-minister
Well for me, this is funny, a 17y o littel school boy thinks that the most girls plays with dolls, ect ...
But you must admit a good looking girl as you in a game store ....
That isn't always Compatible, I would be glad if some one like you pass in the game store, I bet the person behind the desk too ;-)
HAHPosted: Jun 09, 2005 12:00AM PST by xxxboxxxgurl
ur on shooters is my specialty..oh well thanks dudes...i min there is a lot of hot gamer girls and no i do not wear lingerie wen i go out ...some ppl just wont admit tht we can kick their asses
You tell 'em!!!Posted: Jun 09, 2005 12:00AM PST by JoeHayabusa
it was funny how you told off the kid though...lol.
No doubtPosted: Jun 09, 2005 12:00AM PST by Grez1
Well, the kid's 17...he's still got a lot to learn. I think back to when I was 17, and I thought I was a pretty smart guy, but I didn't know jack.
Thing is, I probably still don't know jack, but at least I'm wise enough to realize it. Funny what a few years will do for your perspective on things...
And yeah, girl gamers pwn. :)
eeekkPosted: Jun 09, 2005 12:00AM PST by xxxboxxxgurl
dude im gonna kick myself for taking off my xbox live but im going to the marines so ill get to shoot people for real ok, terrorists nmwahahahahah
They.....Posted: Jun 09, 2005 12:00AM PST by PossesedPedestrian9
Not BadPosted: Jun 09, 2005 12:00AM PST by Random13
Well, I went into a gaming store last night and half the customers in there were female. And of the staff, there was one guy and the rest were women. Not a single woman in there was pasty or ugly. They looked as if they got out and did other things along with gaming.
Have fun in the Marines.
I think...Posted: Jun 09, 2005 12:00AM PST by Cpt_Obvious
just the aspect of being a gamer makes a girl more attractive...kinda like a girl who plays an instrument in a band...look at the girls in Kittie, Babes in Toyland, or L7...they are all SMOKING hot...but if they weren't famous I doubt we'd even give them a second glance.
HAHAPosted: Jun 10, 2005 12:00AM PST by xxxboxxxgurl
lol at possesed hahahahah i havent had a good laugh in a while...but yah dudes needs to take us gamer girlz seriously....
i hear yaPosted: Jun 10, 2005 12:00AM PST by thetotalpackage
Seem like people still don't respect the women gamers. Stupid, since they are a large part of the market.
yaPosted: Jun 10, 2005 12:00AM PST by MeatWadGPO1
half of my friends on live are girls
HeyPosted: Jun 10, 2005 12:00AM PST by Himura Battousai
xxxboxxgurl...all I have to say is...
Play on playah. And Forget those who can't accept a gamer girl.
Me...I don't care who you are. As long as you got skills with the controller, bring it. I accept all challenges and I give props to those that are good. Even if you are a girl, or a kid or whatever.
If your good, sweet, if not...keep practicing.
Conformacy...?Posted: Jun 10, 2005 12:00AM PST by Antigrav-pwnd
Hmmm.. that could get anoying for many girls these days. happaly i dont find that very unusual since i grew up around gamer girls. going to regrab my halo 2 tag...wanna play?
i willPosted: Jun 12, 2005 12:00AM PST by xxxboxxxgurl
i just need to get my xbox live reconnected....damn
what possessedpedestrian saidPosted: Jun 12, 2005 12:00AM PST by supermodel23
thats what i say. but i'll keep my hands where you can see them.
hell yeah!Posted: Jun 14, 2005 12:00AM PST by ryuken_devereaux
you got to respect them, theres alot who deserve it, but alas those silly, "ooohh, look at my new cell phone!" kinda chicks give girl gamers a bad name. do you go to the same shop alot, I'd figure after talking to you they'd understand, there probably so nervous they just look at the ground, sorry cant help you there, gain 50 pounds maybe.. ha haa no dont really.


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I'm back after I long hiatus! Pottery, I've missed you so. After careful consideration of my physical abilities I chosen slip casting molds as a start. I have made molds in the past and am now brushing up on the steps. I want to start with porcelain slip casting; however, I cannot seem to put my fingers on a supply of porcelain slip here in Palm Springs California. I looked at one recipe online to make porcelain slip myself and would like guidance on a good recipe for porcelain slip. Is it hard to make? If so, maybe someone could point me in a direction to buy porcelain slip here in the Palm Springs area. I am setting up the studio now and I look forward to getting started. Thanks in advance.
Porcelain Slip
Posted 04 September 2013 - 11:52 AM
Posted 05 September 2013 - 08:24 AM
You mention buying ready-made porcelain slip or mixing your own. A third option is buying a premix powder (which includes deflocculant).
I find it convenient to store and use, and it minimises transport difficulties. As I'm in the UK I cannot offer any advice on brand or supplier.
Regards, Peter
PS You might find this book on mould making of interest.
...mainly for its discussion of the plaster build up method. [Which - for a two-part mould with a flat seam - replaces the clay build-up by
casting a plaster build-up. So an extra plaster casting step replaces the construction of a clay build-up. You place the cottle on top of
the plaster build-up, rather than round the clay build-up.
It's only $5 second-hand, so might be worth buying blind.
This needs a picture, but the scanner is fighting the low-res half-tone image in the book:
Attached Files
Posted 05 September 2013 - 09:09 PM
Basic cone 10 porcelain is:
50% Grolleg
25% Feldspar
25% Silica
The Laguna web site has good slip mixing instructions.
Neil Estrick
Kiln Repair Tech
L&L Kilns Distributor
Owner, Neil Estrick Gallery, LLC
Posted 06 September 2013 - 08:01 AM
Thank you both for your input and assistance. Will post more as the work progresses.
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Illustrated on this Major League Aviation™ t-shirt is the Sikorsky SH-60 Seahawk. During the 1970s the U.S. Navy began looking for a new helicopter to replace the Kaman SH-2 Seasprite. In 1978 the Navy selected Sikorsky's S-70 design, which was designated the SH-60B Seahawk. The Sikorsky SH-60/MH-60 Seahawk is a twin turboshaft engine, multi-mission helicopter and it is based on the United States Army UH-60 Black Hawk and a member of the Sikorsky S-70 family. The most significant airframe modification is a hinged tail to reduce its footprint aboard ships. The U.S. Navy designations for the S-70 airframe are: SH-60B, SH-60F, HH-60H, MH-60R, and MH-60S. These airframes are able to deploy aboard any air-capable frigate, destroyer, cruiser, fast combat support ship, amphibious assault ship, or aircraft carrier. The Seahawk can handle a wide spectrum of missions such as anti-submarine warfare, anti-surface warfare, naval special warfare insertion, search and rescue combat search and rescue (CSAR), vertical repleni
Design ID: 11658849
For more Major League Aviation™ T-Shirts checkout our brand new site! We even offer Major League Aviation™ decals! www.majorleagueaviation.com
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This relaxed fit classic offers plenty of room and is ideal for most body types. Perfect as an outer or under layer, this versatile t-shirt is a must-have for all wardrobes.
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|ESPN.com: Boston High School
|[Print without images]
Georges Niang (Methuen, Mass./The Tilton School)
2012, PF, 6-7, 230 pounds | AAU Team: BABC
Committed: Iowa State
Possibly the biggest steal so far in the 2012 class is the Iowa State commit from the Boston area. He came into the summer ranked outside the Top 100 and proceeded to consistently outplay higher-profile opponents. Although his game may not be flashy, he produces in both scoring and rebounding and has been the go-to horse many times even though he is playing next an All-American in Nerlens Noel. Iowa State did an outstanding job of evaluating the power forward and closing the deal before his stock soared through the roof.
Jake Layman (Wrentham, Mass./King Phillip Reg)
2012, 6-8, 195 pounds | AAU Team: BABC
The secret is out on Mr. Efficiency Jake Layman and the competition to secure the services of this skilled combo forward is heating up quickly. He is a dangerous weapon at the point of BABC's press, and schools from the ACC/Big East/SEC are jockeying for position. Maryland is considered the frontrunner at the moment.


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There are geometric rugs and then there is the striking Brighton Collection, which sets the new standard for boldly patterned rugs. Hand-tufted in India of 100% wool, these carefully selected yarns are hand-dipped into rich dye lots, producing lively colors that pair fabulously with bold geometric patterns. On the surface, cut and loop pile combine to create varying heights and textures for added visual interest, which creates a sense of dimension unavailable in many other geometric rugs. Available for a value-oriented price, Brighton proves eye-catching design and great price do not have to be mutually exclusive. Learn More
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Distinguished by its unprecedented watercolor design, the Madeline Collection features a series of gorgeous, show-stopping rugs at an unbeatable price. Power-loomed of 100% polypropylene in Egypt, Madeline's color space-dyeing technique gradates the bold and vibrant colors throughout the rug to create a stunning rendition of popular watercolor paintings. Learn More
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Inspired by the modern and vibrant flair of Spain's cultural metropolis, the Barcelona Shag Collection is the perfect way to show your contemporary side. Power loomed in Egypt, Barcelona Shag packs a punch of vibrant color that will catch glances from onlookers. You'll appreciate the details as well - the polypropylene & polyester yarns offer just a touch of shimmer and are capable of withstanding plenty of foot traffic. Learn More
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The Andes collection is hand-woven with jute and recycled Chindi cotton fabric for touches of both color and a softer feel. Eco friendly and durable, these rugs fit in a variety of homes. Learn More
Momeni GM-11 Gramercy Collection
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Gramercy is collection of open-backed hand-loomed rugs which carry the look of higher-end hand-knotted pieces, with casual appeal. Earth and muted tones in simple designs give this collection its unique look. Hand-loomed in India of 100% wool. Learn More
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Sometimes you want a rug to play a supporting role in the design of a room rather than take center stage. Enter, the Harper Collection. Hand-loomed of 100% wool in India, Harper's simple patterns and subdued colors serve to balance a space that's busy with other elaborate design elements. And although Harper is understated, it's still full of character. Each rug is artfully crafted by hand, ensuring an authentic, detailed finish to these beautiful flat-weaves. Learn More
TransOcean Ravella Collection Floor Tile Aqua 1976/03
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Intricately shaded yarns combined with the textural appeal of a tight loop construction create great visual appeal. These Tufted loop construction rugs are hand crafted in China of high quality synthetic materials. The synthetic material and loop construction makes these rugs soft underfoot, yet durable enough for any high traffic area of your home. Learn More
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Elegant and casual designs contstructed in Turkey of 100% Wool pile Learn More
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Simple yet fashionable pattern lends itself well to the loosely tufted construction, while sophistication is achieved though intricately blended colors. Ideal for Indoor or Outdoor, these hand-hooked synthetic rugs are easy to clean and UV stabilized. The synthetic material and loop construction makes these rugs soft underfoot, yet durable enough for any high traffic area of your home. Learn More
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The Spello Collection is designed for use in both indoor and outdoor areas throughout your home. 100% polyacrylic woven pile, constructed in Turkey. Available in custom sizes. Learn More
Nourison Tahoe TA13 Penny
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Surya Banshee Collection BAN3343 Contemporary Rug
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Surya's Banshee Collection is crafted hard twist wool with viscose accents. These rugs scream out for everyone's attention! Splashes of bold color reminiscent of modern art, Banshee is hand tufted New Zealand wool with hard twist yarns in a multi-color effect with pops of viscose accents though out. This is the best in modern rug design. Learn More
Loloi Rugs Francesca Collection FC-20 MIST
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If your lifestyle is fresh, spirited and informal, the intricately hand-hooked Francesca Collection is for you. These richly textured designs range from boldly scaled florals and architectural gate patterns to geometric chevron stripes and pretty paisleys. Crafted to reflect your personal style, each Francesca rug is made in China of 100-percent polyester with fibers that are stain- and moisture-resistant. That means colors will remain vibrant today and tomorrow, whether you place your rug in a sunroom, kitchen, family room or foyer. Learn More
Loloi Rugs Nyla Collection NY-13 MIST
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The power-loomed Nyla Collection from Egypt offers a range of subtle, sophisticated looks that enhance an interior space at a value-driven price. Made of 100% viscose, Nyla features soft color combinations with touches of mocha, plum, and mist throughout the selection. Learn More
TransOcean Ombre Collection Boxes Multi 9621/44
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The use of subtle shading and contemporary color create a casual yet elegant rug. Thick 100% Indian Wool is Hand Tufted by Artisans to create these rich Indoor rugs. The smooth cut pile wool is soft underfoot and creates a simple base in order to let the design shine through. Learn More
TransOcean Ombre Collection Horizon Aqua 9663/04
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Loloi Rugs Westley Collection WE-01 MIST
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The elegant Westley Collection serves up two polished transitional designs in 8 total colors, handmade in India of 100-percent viscose. Geometric squares and a more linear repeating design come together with a sumptuous, textured cut/loop pile construction in a sophisticated palette of subtle metallic tones for a versatile, easy-to-place line that looks decidedly upscale. Learn More
Oriental Weavers Hudson Collection 4874b Casual
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Affordable elegance at its best, Hudson pairs sophisticated and traditional with casual designs in modern color ways. Including a true red, a pure ivory, as well as organic hues of green, blue, and terra cotta. Machine woven of heat-set polypropylene, Hudson is rich in style and value. Learn More
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Like a breath of fresh air, this contemporary abstract undulates with natural rhythm. The cool, spearmint tonal motif instantly renews your modern décor or updates a more traditional look. You'll love how the light plays off its rich, dense pile. Learn More
Nourison Ashton House AS30 Beige
Starting at: $101.00
100% Wool Learn More


text:
I'm having the problem that when I try to display a gmap in a jquery nav tab, using Bootstrap v3, only a small part of the map is shown when it's in any of the tabs except the active tab.
I know this is a common issue with gmaps and BS tabs, but there's nothing about how to fix this problem with your plugin. Most of the examples online are for adding gmaps manually through api.
Please help, thanks


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Tampa Bay Lightning v New York Islanders
Travis Hamonic, Andrew MacDonald, and Evgeni Nabokov of the New York... Nieuwsfoto'sAndrew MacDonald - IJshockeyer,Evgeni Nabokov,Hockey,Horizontaal,IJshockey,Martin St. Louis,Nassau Veterans Memorial Coliseum,National Hockey League,Net,New York Islanders,Sport,Staat New York,Tampa Bay Lightning,Travis Hamonic,Uniondale,Verdedigen,Verenigde StatenPhotographer Mike StobeCollection: National Hockey League 2013 NHLIUNIONDALE, NY - JANUARY 21: Travis Hamonic #3, Andrew MacDonald #47, and Evgeni Nabokov #20 of the New York Islanders defend the net against Martin St. Louis #26 of the Tampa Bay Lightning at Nassau Veterans Memorial Coliseum on January 21, 2013 in Uniondale, New York. The Islanders defeated the Lightning 4-3. (Photo by Mike Stobe/NHLI via Getty Images)


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Happiness Is A New Windshield
The windshield is here! Woo hoo! You may remember a couple weeks ago I took the ride from hell on my motorcycle. We went to Topeka and back with 60 mile an hour headwinds and me with no windshield. I am happy to say those days are over.


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STARmeterSEE RANK
Down 1,105,425 this week
Bob Ludwig
Bob Ludwig is known for his work on Nine Inch Nails Live: And All That Could Have Been (2002), Bruce Springsteen and the E Street Band: Hammersmith Odeon, London '75 (2005) and Bruce Springsteen with the Sessions Band: Live in Dublin (2007). See full bio »
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J.D. Power and Associates
App makers eager for clear path to car
it is Pandora. To date, more than 12 million drivers have activated the streaming music service. This summer, when J . D . Power and Associates released a survey showing many in-car technologies were going unused, Pandora was the exception: More than half of
Hyundai brings back Nissan's Hatami as U.S. sales chief
the 12-state region increased from 4.5 percent to 7.8 percent. Hatami started his automotive career at the consultancies Accenture and J . D . Power and Associates , and holds an MBA from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
Sales edge down but SAAR soars to 17.81 million
Labor Day holiday period, Friday through Monday, represented 20 percent of light-vehicle deliveries in August 2014, J . D . Power and Associates estimates. And a late-month surge produced the highest light-vehicle volume in August 2014 than any August since
Musk takes page from PayPal with Tesla Model S referral offer
is word of mouth," said John Humphrey, senior vice president of the global automotive practice at consulting firm J . D . Power and Associates . "The current owners of the Tesla Model S are evangelical. It's worth trying. There's no downside risk."andnbsp
New car technologies often unused by drivers, J.D. Power finds
A new study from J.D. Power suggests that automakers are investing billions into technologies that a considerable number of drivers aren't using. J.D. Power's first 2015 Driver Interactive Vehicle Experience Report found that at least 20 percent of new-vehicle owners have never used 16 of the 33 ...
CarPlay and Android Auto: They're not just for millennials
shipping.) Simplified infotainment also helps a brand's consumer satisfaction ratings -- such as those compiled by J . D . Power and Associates or Consumer Reports -- from spiraling downward. Brands such as Ford, Infiniti and Cadillac have seen their ratings
Sales rise 5.3% on hardy crossover, truck volume
U.S. light-vehicles sales -- fueled by healthy truck demand and gains at most major automakers -- rose 5.3 percent in July, helping the industry begin the second half of 2015 on a strong note. Light trucks set the pace, rising 13 percent last month, while car demand slipped 2.7 percent.andnbsp; ...
Dealer satisfaction grows when auto lenders embrace e-contracting
Dealers like e-contracting. That's one of the key findings from the 2015 U.S. Dealer Financing Satisfaction Study by J.D. Power released this week. Another takeaway: Dealers are willing to pay lenders a premium for good service. When dealers use lender-provided e-contracting, their overall ...
TrueCar works on relationships
Wise as vice president of dealer engagement and communication. Wise came to TrueCar after working at Edmunds.com and J . D . Power and Associates . In coming weeks, TrueCar will add another executive to its dealer relations team as vice president of major accounts
Kia seeks J.D. Power title to prove quality gains
Over the past decade, Kia has improved its vehicles by leaps and bounds, culminating last month in a No. 2 finish on J . D . Power and Associates ' closely watched Initial Quality Study. Yet in the U.S., where Kia sold bargain-priced cars such as the Sephia
How Infiniti climbed quality chart
receiving a quieter interior and smoother steering. In releasing its annual industry quality report card in June, J . D . Power and Associates noted that the entire industry had improved 3 percent over 2014 in its quality performance. But Power said entertainment
Toyota finds airbags are in demand on world's deadliest roads
airbags or vehicle crash tests. As vehicle ownership grows, consumers are demanding more safety features, according to J . D . Power and Associates , which measures customer satisfaction. Last year, more than 80 percent of customers in India said they wanted anti
Tech propels Kia to best-ever IQS finish
customers with glitchy technology, has Kia cracked the code? The Korean brand led all other nonpremium marques in the 2015 J . D . Power and Associates Initial Quality Study for the first time -- largely on the strength of improved in-car tech. "One of the biggest
BMW's flagship gives gesture controls first big test
memorize clunky commands or go through question-and-answer sessions with a computer. Last summer, the consultancy J . D . Power and Associates revealed that voice recognition has become the No. 1 complaint among new-car owners, surpassing perennial nemeses
Kia rises in J.D. Power quality; Japanese fall below average
Kia topped all other nonpremium brands in J . D . Power and Associates ' latest survey of new-vehicle quality for the first time ever, while Japanese brands fell below the industry average -- another
Costco says referrals led to nearly 400,000 U.S. vehicle sales in 2014
andhellip; They don't want to feel like they got a bad deal," said Chris Sutton, vice president of auto retail for J . D . Power and Associates . Services such as Costco Auto Program "help provide customers with that confidence." Costco Auto Program arranges
As carmakers and dealers embrace leasing to boost sales, analysts mull finance option's limits
assume further increases in lease mix next year," said Thomas King, vice president of the Power Information Network at J . D . Power and Associates . The research and consulting firm doesn't forecast a specific number for lease share. Eric Lyman, vice president
J.D. Power is buying NADA's Used Car Guide
owner. The National Automobile Dealers Association has agreed to sell its 82-year-old Used Car Guide business to J . D . Power and Associates . J.D. Power executives declined to release any of the financial details of the deal but said it will yield shared
Auto safety technology trumps entertainment for consumers, J.D. Power study finds
Automakers should invest in safety technology, over entertainment and convenience, to satisfy customers, according to a J.D. Power study released today. The 2015 U.S. Tech Choice Study found that three of the top five vehicle technologies consumers prefer are related to safety, specifically ...
Hanergy's solar-car plan draws skepticism
would likely require expensive batteries to run at night, said Jacob George, vice president of global consulting at J . D . Power and Associates , a market research company. After a fast charge, electric cars would be able to go about 25 to 31 miles but cars with


text:
"I wonder what this guy thought when he heard 'Get Lucky' for the first time."
This is crazy:
So, appears Daft Punk searched Robot, ripped this guy off. Time for him to get lucky.
So this video was uploaded over two years ago. And it's called "Robot"…think Daft Punk searched this, ripped it off? Listen. It's shocking:
Incorrect source, offensive, or found a typo? Email us (please put title in subject bar of email so we'll be able to fix). Or do you want to write for Elephant?
{Waylon H. Lewis C Enterprises 2015: Use Rights in perpetuity. Ownership remains with author.}
2 Responses to ""I wonder what this guy thought when he heard 'Get Lucky' for the first time.""
What if the Robots bought it off this kid? That would be plausible.
That is some good music. 4:17 solo is so soulful.


text: Independent's Eye by Joe Gandelman Is there a king-sized political summer for independents at the end of Maine's long season of Snowe? Those who believe our two political parties are increasingly predictable, non-and-counter productive and rhetorically toxic may have reason to hope. The eyes of independents are on Maine and the Senate bid of former independent Governor Angus King, who's [Read More]


text:
A former Lawrence High School student was hospitalized after a weekend shooting at a party in Kansas City, Mo., according to police.
Local News Provided in part by:
Not sure of what prostate cancer treatment is right for you? Contact the Kansas City Urology center specilists to consult you in what options you do have. You will be pleasantly surprised to know how technically advanced KC Urology is in providing options to patents.
Read the full article link below the following comments:


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32 for No. 32: This is the sixth in a series of looks at 32 prospects the Patriots may consider selecting with the 32nd overall pick at the 2015 NFL Draft.
BOSTON - For Boston College coach Jim Christian and Wake Forest's Danny Manning, their first regular season in the Atlantic Coast Conference has finally come to an end.
WINSTON-SALEM, N.C. - Jon Hilliman rushed for 101 yards and two touchdowns, and Boston College held on to beat Wake Forest 23-17 on Saturday.
WINSTON-SALEM, N.C. (AP) Travis McKie scored 15 points to help Wake Forest beat Florida State 71-46 on Saturday, snapping a four-game losing streak.
Wake Forest hopes bigger is better when it comes to signing recruits.
The Demon Deacons announced the largest recruiting class of coach Jim Grobe's tenure there on Wednesday.


text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|19 Apr 1977
|Filing date
|8 May 1975
|Priority date
|4 Nov 1971
|Publication number
|James T. Lowder, Edwin M. Tausch
|Original Assignee
|Abrasive Technology, Inc.
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (6), Referenced by (109), Classifications (14)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This application is a divisional application of our co-pending application Ser. No. 388,131, filed on Aug. 14, 1973, now U.S. Pat. No. 3,894,673, which was a continuation in part of our application Ser. No. 195,705, filed on Nov. 4, 1971, now abandoned, and also is a continuation in part application of our co-pending application Ser. No. 387,943, filed on Aug. 13, 1973, now abandoned, which is a division of the same parent application Ser. No. 195,705, filed Nov. 4, 1971 referred to above. Techniques for promoting the adherence of diamond to metal in the abrasive cutting and grinding tool industry have long suffered many problems. Presently, while attempts to accomplish this purpose by brazing have been made, the drawbacks to these methods have prevented them from replacing the present commercial techniques of electroplating.
One prior art method of a brazing technique is described in U.S. Pat. No. 2,728,631. This disclosure teaches first preparing the surface of the diamond by applying a coating of titanium hydride and then heating the coated diamond in the presence of soft alloys, such as copper and copper-silver types, and a metal substrate to an appropriate temperature to achieve the bond between the diamond and metal base.
Another prior art method consists of conditioning the diamonds by exposure to copious quantities of zinc metal vapor immediately prior to contact with a fused bonding metal.
While the above methods are capable of promoting the adherence of diamond to metal, they are cumbersome and very difficult to practice on an economically feasible level.
Further, each of these methods teach the preference of using a relatively soft braze alloy, typically copper-silver types, in connection with a cumbersome preconditioning technique. Also, the bond achieved by practicing these methods was of poor quality relative to sufficient resistance to swarf abrasion and efficient diamond crystal retention. Therefore commercial diamond abrasive tools are typically manufactured using the old electroplating technique which also leaves much to be desired relative to both cost and product quality.
The present invention relates to a novel method of manufacturing diamond abrasive tools by a direct brazing technique which requires none of the conventional techniques for pre-conditioning of the diamond. In general, the method of the present invention revolves about the discovery that certain brazing alloys readily wet the surface of diamond crystals to achieve a very secure bond of the diamond to the metal substrate. These alloys might be best generally described as those brazing and hard surfacing alloys of the cobalt and/or nickel based type which contain certain percentages of chromium. It has been found that this family of brazing alloys may be applied directly to the untreated diamond surface with superior results relative to any prior method. The configuration of the product so formed is unique in that the braze alloy clings to the diamond surface rather than flowing away from it during treatment and therefore greater surface contact between the diamond and the alloy is achieved to provide a more secure bond.
It is therefore a primary object of the present invention to provide a novel method of attaching diamond crystals to a metal base by a direct brazing process.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a method of the type described which provides a superior bond relative to prior art techniques and which is economically feasible for commercial production.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a diamond abrasive tool which exhibits superior quality relative to the strength and abrasion resistance of the bond between the diamond and the metal substrate and in which the braze alloy bond has its minimum depth at a point intermediate diamond crystals.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a tool of the type described wherein the diamond crystals are more efficiently secured to the metal substrate relative to the quantity of the bonding metal necessary to provide sufficient support.
It is still another object of the present invention to provide a method of the type described which permits the manufacture of abrasive tools employing a monolayer of diamond grains of smaller size than heretofore practical using conventional prior art electroplating techniques.
Further objects and advantages of the present invention will be apparent from the following description, reference being had to the accompanying drawing wherein preferred forms of embodiments of the invention are clearly shown.
The present invention is embodied in the discovery, which has long eluded those skilled in the art, that diamond crystals may be securely bonded to a metal substrate by employing certain brazing alloys which do not require complex preconditioning of the surface of the diamond crystals.
It has been found that these alloys which readily wet diamond and provide a secure bond which is strong and abrasion resistant are typified by the nickel-chromium or cobalt-nickel-chromium family of brazing and hard surfacing alloys. While many modifications and additions to these basic components are possible and appear desirable in a certain range of compositions, certain combinations of chromium with nickel or cobalt appear to be essential in order to achieve commercially acceptable results within the spirit of the present invention.
The nickel and cobalt provide a very strong, corrosion resistant base for the alloy. All available tests indicate that chromium appears to be the principal wetting agent in these types of alloys which provides in the composition the capability to sufficiently wet the diamond surface to form an effective bond configuration. Further, chromium appears to add desirable hardness to the alloy. Elements such as boron, silicon and phosphorous are necessary to lower the melting point of the alloy and are theorized to aid the fluidity of the molten alloy, to function as fluxing agents, and in appropriate amounts, to increase or maintain the alloy hardness without detrimentally increasing the brittleness of the alloy.
Other elements in relatively smaller percentages such as iron and carbon appear to be merely incidental to the manufacture of these alloys as they are present in the normal starting materials. Other elements which appear in some compositions tested include amounts, generally less than ten percent, of tungsten or manganese which are not necessarily essential but do not appear to aid or impair significantly the diamond bonding capability.
A wide range of compositions have been tested and those alloys which are in the family known in the art as brazing and hard surfacing alloys which include certain amounts of the essential element of chromium in a nickel or cobalt base appear to operate functionally in the present invention. Since many of these alloys are available commercially it should readily be appreciated that the majority of tests have been conducted using those commercially available compositions for economic reasons.
However, these tests indicate certain limitations relating to the essential metals. For example, it strongly appears that compositions including less than approximately 2 percent chromium do not wet the diamond surface sufficiently to form an operable bond capable of commercial abrasive tool usefulness. Further, as the percentage of chromium increases between 2 to about 5 percent, relatively good wetting and operable bonding is achieved. However, above a chromium content of roughly 5 percent, the wetting ability which permits excellent bond formation to occur, appears to be improved substantially over those compositions having less than about 5 percent chromium.
Also it is noted that compositions having an increasing chromium content between 6 and 26 percent showed no significant increase in wetting ability relative to one another so as to effect bonding characteristics. Apparently once sufficient wetting ability is achieved to assure that the alloy clings well to the diamond surface, no readily observable change in bond configuration or increased retention characteristics are obtained.
The test data clearly indicated that excellent wetting and crystal retention was achieved in the range of compositions which includes between 6 and 26 percent chromium. From these tests no results were noted to lead us to expect that greater amounts than 26 percent chromium would render significantly better wetting characteristics.
However, on the other hand, we would expect that a chromium content greater than 26 percent would work quite well relative to obtaining sufficient wetting of the diamond crystals.
Therefore, the upper limit of the chromium content would most likely be determined at some point near the eutectic composition of a nickel-chromium or cobalt-chromium system wherein the increase of the melting point requires an increase in the processing temperature to the detriment of the diamond crystals. In addition, this upper limit may be affected by the other characteristics, such as hardness, ductility or brittleness which would interfere with the usefulness of the resultant alloy relative to the purposes of the present invention. In this connection, it clearly appears that the chromium content need not vary significantly from the 6 to 26 percent range in order to achieve the very excellent wetting and bonding characteristics which are desired. Therefore higher chromium contents which would be expected to work well within the spirit of the present invention do not appear to offer any substantial advantages as compared to the total range relative to increased wetting ability of the alloy for the purposes of bonding diamond crystals.
Relative to the melting point of the given alloy within the general composition limits disclosed herein, it should be pointed out that processing temperatures above 1300� C are very undesirable. Thermal degradation of the diamond crystals above this temperature is likely to be serious enough to substantially interfere with the usefulness of the tool. In fact, processing temperatures below 1200� C are greatly preferred.
The nickel and cobalt metals, which form the alloy base and provide the desired strength and durability necessary to achieve a good bonding medium for abrasive tool applications appear to be generally somewhat interchangeable. Operable compositions tested within the spirit of the present invention include those having 17 to 92 percent nickel and up to 52 percent cobalt.
Up to approximately a total of 12 percent, but preferably no greater than approximately 10 percent, of the elements boron, silicon and phosphorous, individually or in combination, function very well in these alloy systems to achieve the desirable lowering of the melting point and provide a desirable fluxing action. Higher percentages may not be desirable when any detrimental increase in the brittleness of the alloy is noted.
Therefore, in general, it should be pointed out that alloy systems including preferably at least approximately 60 percent or more of nickel or cobalt or a combination of those metals and at least more than approximately 2 percent, but preferably above approximately 5 percent chromium, are essential to the method of the present invention. Further, boron, silicon and phosphorous are very desirable at least in contributions up to about 12 percent but preferably less than 10 percent.
In view of the commercially available alloys within these general limits which heretofore were used for completely different purposes, there appears to be no significant advantages to be gained by employing compositions containing a chromium content much greater than about 30 percent.
It should also be pointed out that within the general limits noted herein, some alloy compositions give better results than others or are easier to work with than others for the purposes of the method of the present invention dependent upon the specific process materials and circumstances.
In practicing the invention, it is convenient to use a temporary binder or other means to hold the diamond grains and braze alloy particles in place against the metal surface to which the diamonds are to be attached. This binder may be of a fluxing type or simply a resinous compound dissolved in a suitable organic solvent. It is important that the binder not be a source of oxygen because the atmosphere in the furnace should be as substantially free of oxygen as economically reasonable to assure the proper flow of the braze alloy. The presence of oxygen inhibits the wetting of the diamond by permitting oxides to form on the surface of the braze. Upon preparation of the substrate, braze alloy, and diamond assembly, the whole is submitted to a furnace cycle in a reducing atmosphere or a vacuum and heated until the braze flows and wets the diamond crystals and metal substrate. An entire furnace cycle need take no longer than is employed when following standard brazing practices for metals. The optimum brazing temperature is generally slightly higher than the liquidous temperature of the alloy because good fluidity of the braze is required.
The process may be performed in two steps rather than a single one and in some cases this may be desirable. In the two step process, the brazing alloy would be applied in the same manner as described above, however, the diamond crystals would not be present. After the braze alloy has been fused, the diamond crystals would be attached to the layer of braze alloy on the metal substrate by use of a temporary binder and then the combination would proceed through the furnace cycle again. The same level of diamond bonding is achieved in this two-step method as in the one-step method; however, a somewhat greater control of surface uniformity of the abrasive tool may be achieved in the two-step method. If greater uniformity is desired, the braze coated surface may be machined before the step of applying the diamond.
Application of the described invention to the manufacture of diamond abrasive tools encompasses a great variety of sizes, shapes, and types of tools from extremely thin abrasive discs to large diameter grinding wheels and saw blades. Acceptable substrate or mandrel materials are readily found among the plain carbon and alloy steels. Tool and stainless steels are particularly suitable because of their general resistance to warpage or dimensional instability during the necessary thermal processing.
Such grinding and cutting tools made in accordance with this invention exhibit superior performance compared to conventional monolayer type tools. Improvements in such performance criteria as stock removal rate, tool wear, surface finish, heat generation and diamond economy are observed. All such improvements are related to the fact that the invention provides for better bonding of the diamond grains with less bond metal than has been possible previously. It is not possible to predict for an individual braze alloy whether a true metallurigical bond exists between the alloy and the diamond upon completion of the bonding process. The shear stresses which develop because of differential thermal expansion and contraction between the diamond and the enveloping bond are sufficient in most cases to destroy bonding at the interface unless the bond is so ductile as to allow yielding. Regardless, the invention provides the optimum of support for each and every crystal because during the fusing of the braze alloy the side and bottom surface of each crystal are wetted by the alloy and a "setting" is formed. This aspect of the invention is shown in FIG. 1 which depicts a cross section of diamond grains 10 brazed to a tool surface 20. The bond surface 30 is characterized as "concave", ie, the alloy metal bond depth is at a minimum at a point intermediate adjacent crystals. A cross section of the characteristic structure of an electroplated diamond tool is shown in FIG. 2. The surface contour of the bonding metal 40 is inherently convex in electroplated tools, thus providing minimal support for the diamond crystals 50 for a given depth of bond metal.
It should also be pointed out that the process of the present invention has significant advantages as compared to prior processes for making abrasive diamond tools. For example, the bond depth between individual crystals can be "custom designed" for a given application in a simple and inexpensive manner by merely controlling the amount of braze powder applied to the substrate. In a similar manner, it is much easier to control the placement and distribution of the diamond crystals over the tool surface. This is particularly advantageous in critical wear areas such as small rounded tip portions, corners or edges of given tool shapes.
Further, the uniformity of bonding over the entire tool surface is accomplished in a much more simple and convenient manner compared to prior brazing attempts which were dependent upon maintaining a uniform ratio of zinc vapors or titanium hydride to the braze over the entire substrate surface.
The product resulting from the practice of the present invention evidences these advantages over present commercial tools of this kind. The relative ease of control of the bond depth and crystal distribution directly permits a higher quality tool to be manufactured. The strength and durability of a single homogenous alloy bond of the disclosed composition exhibits the desirable bond configuration and represents a significant advance in monolayer tool construction. This advance is particularly evidenced by a comparison of the mode of tool wear between a product produced by the process disclosed herein and prior commercially electroplated tools. In prior monolayer tools, the mode of tool wear relative to tool life is determined primarily by crystal pullout; that is, the diamond bonding medium fails prior to the diamond crystal becoming "flattened" by abrasion.
In a brazed tool made by the process of the present invention, the mode of tool wear is primarily individual crystal flattening due to abrasion and fracture. Therefore, it should be readily appreciated that in such a tool, the diamond crystals are being used to their fullest extent because the bonding strength holding the crystal in place is sufficiently strong to permit the maximum utilization of the diamond crystal.
Actual comparisons to date of diamond tool life for dental applications between electroplated tools and "brazed tools" made by the process of the present invention clearly indicate that such brazed tools have a useful life up to six times greater than electroplated tools under similar use conditions. Further, brazed tools made in accordance with the present invention generally average a useful life span at least two to four times greater than commercially available electroplated tools subjected to substantially equivalent use conditions.
It should be noted that all percentages expressed herein are expressed on a weight percent basis.
Typical examples of the practice of the invention are as follows:
A small quantity of pre-alloyed braze metal in the form of minus 325 mesh particles of the composition chromium (7.0%), boron (2.9%), silicon (4.5%), iron (3.0%), carbon (less than 0.1%), and nickel (balance) was mixed into a solution of 2-ethoxyethyl acetate saturated with a foamed urethan. The braze "paint" was applied by brush to a 1/16 diameter tool mandrel of M-2 steel. Without allowing the braze "paint" to dry, 100/120 mesh diamond crystals were applied uniformily over the braze by sprinkling from a sieve. The assembly was then dried at 225� F for 10 minutes to remove excessive volatiles. The assembly was then placed into a furnace (maintained at 2000� F) for 6 minutes in a dry hydrogen atmosphere and cooled under same. The urethan binder successfully held braze and diamond particles to the mandrel but volatilized during the furnace treatment. The resultant tool consisted of a monolayer of diamond crystals firmly bonded to that portion of the tool to which they were applied with very good protrusion of each crystal above the bond metal surface.
Tools fabricated in this manner and similar in size, shape and diamond crystal size to commercially available tools were submitted to experienced practioners in the dental field for evaluation in high speed air turbine grinders. The opinions of these practioners were virtually unanimous; the tool manufactured by this invention was superior in all respects to the best commercially available tools (all of which are electroplated tools).
The procedures of Example I were followed with the exception that the braze was applied and fused in a furnace cycle before application of the diamond. Following this, the braze surface was wetted with the binder solution and diamond crystals applied by sprinkling. A second furnace cycle resulted in the bonding of the diamonds by the braze metal. This technique provides an extremely precise method of controlling the surface regularity or contour of the diamond crystals. The braze could be applied and fused to a profiled tool surface and then machined to exact conformity before applying the diamond crystals.
The procedures of Example I were followed with the exception that the braze alloy was of the following composition: Chromium (13.5%), boron (3.0%), silicon (4.25%), iron (4.75%), carbon (0.75%) and nickel (balance). Adhesion of 120/140 mesh diamond crystals to a type 416 stainless steel mandrel was excellent and tools thus fabricated exhibited rapid cutting action and great durability in glass, quartz and porcelain ceramics.
"Test strips" employing 0.005 thick carbon steel substrates were fabricated by the procedures of Example I to examine the characteristics of two additional braze alloys in wetting and bonding diamond crystals. A chromium (13.0%), phosphorus (10.0%) and nickel (balance) alloy bonded 120/140 mesh diamond crystals securely to the steel strip. A boron (3.0%), silicon (4.5%), and nickel (balance) alloy exhibited no tendency toward wetting and bonding of the diamond crystals to the substrate.
The same general procedures of Example I were followed except the furnace temperature was 1160� C and the braze alloy was of the following composition: Chromium (19.0%), boron (0.8%), silicon (8.0%), nickel (17.0%), tungsten (4.0%), carbon (0.4%), cobalt (balance). Adhesion of 120/140 mesh diamonds was excellent and tools thus fabricated exhibited similar excellent cutting action as noted in the previous examples.
The same general procedure as outlined in Example I was followed except for an increase of furnace time to 8 minutes at 1150� C and by use of an alloy having the following composition: Chromium (21.0%), silicon (3.0%), boron (3.2%), cobalt (44.0%), iron (1.0%), nickel (17.0%), carbon (0.8%) and tungsten (10.0%). The resulting tools exhibited substantially similar characteristics as the tools noted in the previous examples.
The same general procedures as outlined in Example VI were followed except the furnace temperature was 1120� C and the braze alloy was of the following composition: Chromium (26.0%), silicon (4.0%), boron (3.3%), iron (1.0%), carbon (0.95%) and nickel (balance). The resulting tools exhibited similar excellent bonding and durability as noted in the previous examples.
The same general procedures as outlined in Example I were followed except the furnace temperature was 1160� C and the braze alloy was of the following composition: Chromium (19.5%), silicon (9.6%), manganese (9.5%), and nickel (balance). The resulting diamond tool exhibited similar excellent characteristics of wetting and strength as observed in the previous examples. EXAMPLE IX
The same general procedures as outlined in Example I were followed using a braze alloy of the following composition: Chromium (2.25%), boron (1.7%), silicon (2.75%), iron (1.0%) and nickel (balance). The resulting tool exhibited operable wetting and crystal retention characteristic, however, the bond developed, while acceptable, was not as excellent as noted in the previous examples.
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|Brazing process of diamond saw blade
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|Brazing process of diamond saw blade
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|U.S. Classification
|51/309, 51/307
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification


text:
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Leaf and PetalRead MoreWith nearby space available, you won't need to worry about parking when you come to Leaf and Petal.370 Summit BlvdVestavia, AL US
Dillard's Feed MillRead MoreLadies, if it's time to treat your closet to a better collection of clothing, it's time to shop the selection at this store. Dillard's Feed Mill knows how great you'll look when you try on the great clothes here. Dillard's Feed Mill has all of your winter necessities covered, so pick up some accessories today. Take to the great outdoors with ease when you pick up some great gear and supplies from Dillard's Feed Mill. To help ease your trip, Dillard's Feed Mill features a close location to available parking.85 Dillard RdTallassee, AL US
Talladega International TruckRead MoreIf you are concerned about parking, you shouldn't be. There are plenty of parking options in the area.35450 Al Highway 21Talladega, AL US
Southern FurnitureRead MoreCheck out Southern Furniture in Double Springs for the latest furniture designs and ideas for your home. When backyard festivities are on the brain, patio furniture is your next stop. Browse the selection available to find the set that's right for you. Find furniture that's perfect for your workspace when you mix and match items or streamline your taste. When you're ready for some decoration inspiration, head on over to this store and browse the bedroom furniture options, such as dressers, bed frames, and bedroom furniture. Making over your bathroom is super simple with the cute and affordable furniture selection. Give your home interior the upgrade it deserves with some new furniture from here, such as living room furniture. Nobody likes looking at a blank slate, so consider hanging a little something on your wall. Pieces like curtains and mirrors are just a few suggestions from here you're sure to love. Art lovers looking to spice up their space flock to this store for a touch of beauty, charm, and one-of-a-kind artistry. Even if your aesthetic tastes are as different as can be, you and your loved ones will fulfill all your home decorating needs with items like rugs, throw pillows, and vases. Cleaning doesn't have to be a pain. Purchase a new vacuum and embrace the easy cleaning methods. Browse the selection of large appliances and find the perfect match for your home interior. Great things come in small packages. Amp up your appliances by choosing a compact option. You can find parking easily in the surrounding area. When you are ready to expand your furniture collection, Southern Furniture in Double Springs will have some perfect options waiting for you.25326 Highway 195Double Springs, AL US
G May and Sons FurnitureRead MoreSecond to none in the washer-dryer world, the unbelievable combos at this store will make doing laundry lovable. Do you need an upgrade to your suite of large appliances? Step your game up at this store. Whether you're shopping for a dorm room or a home, these small appliances are great space savers. No matter what type of vehicle you drive, you can find safe parking options nearby.1918 3rd Ave SJasper, AL US
Cullman Cabinet and Supply Co.Read MoreMake sure your handyman is there for you when you need help. The professionals at Cullman's Cullman Cabinet and Supply Co. are quick to fix all those little things (and the big things, too). To give you the best possible service, their master carpenters pay close attention to the customer's vision and expectations when completing a project. For household repairs big and small, you can always expect great service from the handymen at Cullman Cabinet and Supply Co.1735 Childhaven Rd NECullman, AL US