text:
Stephen Benson, David Douglas, George Neil, Michelle D. Shinn, Gwyn Williams
We describe a dual free-electron laser (FEL) configuration on the UV Demo FEL at Jefferson Lab that allows simultaneous lasing at FIR/THz and UV wavelengths. The FIR/THz source would be an FEL oscillator with a short wiggler providing nearly diffraction-limited pulses with pulse energy exceeding 50 microJoules. The FIR source would use the exhaust beam from a UVFEL. The coherent harmonics in the VUV from the UVFEL are out-coupled through a hole. The FIR source uses a shorter resonator with either hole or edge coupling to provide very high power FIR pulses. Simulations indicate excel-lent spectral brightness in the FIR region with over 100 W/cm-1 output.
Analysis and Improvements of Fringe Jump Corrections by Electronics on the JET Tokamak FIR Interferometer
Analysis and Improvements of Fringe Jump Corrections by Electronics on the JET Tokamak FIR Interferometer
The FIR-Radio Correlation & Implications for GLAST Observations
Wurtele, Jonathan
Energy Argument (synchrotron emission) Ę Rapid Electron Cooling in Starbursts Ł The Failure tsyn supplied by SN shocks Clean explanation for linear FIR supplied to CR e's consistent w/ inferences from SN shocks tesc > tsyn requires tremendous fine tuning
Design of Efficient FIR Filters with Cyclotomic Polynomial Prefilters Using Mixed Integer Linear Programming
Lee, Yong Hoon
savings can be significant especiallyin designingnarrowband filters. One approachto efficientFIR filter efficientFIR filters, the design method is ad hoc and is not able to find "best
Natural regeneration in two central Idaho grand fir habitat types. Forest Service research paper
Geier-Hayes, K.
Natural regeneration of five conifer species was surveyed in two central Idaho grand fir habitat types. The habitat types range from warm, dry (grand fir/white spirea) to mesic (Grand fir/Mountain Maple). Four harvest-regeneration methods and four site preparation techniques were sampled. Recommendations for obtaining natural regeneration vary primarily by habitat type. Conifer seedlings in the warm, dry grand fir white spirea habitat type require site protection for establishment. In the mesic grand fir/mountain maple habitat type, tall shrub potential can reduce the opportunity to establish early seral conifer species.
Choi, Minho; Kang, Miju; Byun, Do-Young [Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute, 776 Daedeokdaero, Yuseong, Daejeon 305-348 (Korea, Republic of); Lee, Jeong-Eun, E-mail: email@example.com [Department of Astronomy and Space Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Gyeonggi 446-701 (Korea, Republic of)
The NGC 2024 FIR 6 region was observed in the water maser line at 22 GHz and the methanol class I maser lines at 44, 95, and 133 GHz. The water maser spectra displayed several velocity components and month-scale time variabilities. Most of the velocity components may be associated with FIR 6n, while one component was associated with FIR 4. A typical lifetime of the water maser velocity components is about eight months. The components showed velocity fluctuations with a typical drift rate of about 0.01 km s{sup -1} day{sup -1}. The methanol class I masers were detected toward FIR 6. The methanol emission is confined within a narrow range around the systemic velocity of the FIR 6 cloud core. The methanol masers suggest the existence of shocks driven by either the expanding H II region of FIR 6c or the outflow of FIR 6n.
Breaking FIR-Radio Correlation: The Case of Interacting Galaxies
Donevski, Darko
Far-infrared (FIR)--radio correlation is a well-established empirical connection between continuum radio and dust emission of star-forming galaxies, used as a tool in determining star-formation rates. Here we point out that in the case of interacting star-forming galaxies this tool might break. Galactic interactions and mergers have been known to give rise to tidal shocks and disrupt morphologies especially in the smaller of the interacting components. Moreover, these shocks can also heat the gas and dust and accelerate particles leading to tidal cosmic-ray population in addition to standard galactic cosmic rays. Both heating and additional non-thermal radiation will obviously affect the FIR-radio correlation of these systems. To test this hypothesis we have analyzed a sample of 43 infrared bright star-forming interacting galaxies at different merger stages. We have found that their FIR-radio correlation parameter and radio emission spectral index vary over different merger stages and behave as it would be ex...
Plasmon Enhancements for FIR Detection A. G. U. Perera, S. G. Matsik, P. V. V. Jayaweera
Perera, A. G. Unil
Plasmon Enhancements for FIR Detection A. G. U. Perera, S. G. Matsik, P. V. V. Jayaweera Department Council-Canada Ont. CANADA Abstract--The use of plasmons to improve the response of FIR and THz detectors is generating extensive interest. Increased absorption due to the plasmonic absorption in a GaAs wafer
G. AussenacEcophysiology of circum-Mediterranean firs Original article
Paris-Sud XI, Universit├® de
of circum-Mediterranean firs in the context of climate change Gilbert Aussenac* UMR ├?cologie, ├?cophysiologie / circum-Mediterranean firs / climate change / ecology / ecophysiology R├®sum├® ┬Ł ├?cologie et ├®cophysiologie) Abstract ┬Ł In the expected climatic change scenario (with increased temperatures and water deficits
Structural properties of laminated Douglas fir/epoxy composite material
Spera, D.A. (National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Cleveland, OH (USA). Lewis Research Center) [National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Cleveland, OH (USA). Lewis Research Center; Esgar, J.B. (Sverdrup Technology, Inc., Cleveland, OH (USA)) [Sverdrup Technology, Inc., Cleveland, OH (USA); Gougeon, M.; Zuteck, M.D. (Gougeon Bros., Bay City, MI (USA)) [Gougeon Bros., Bay City, MI (USA)
This publication contains a compilation of static and fatigue and strength data for laminated-wood material made from Douglas fir and epoxy. Results of tests conducted by several organizations are correlated to provide insight into the effects of variables such as moisture, size, lamina-to-lamina joint design, wood veneer grade, and the ratio of cyclic stress to steady stress during fatigue testing. These test data were originally obtained during development of wood rotor blades for large-scale wind turbines of the horizontal-axis (propeller) configuration. Most of the strength property data in this compilation are not found in the published literature. Test sections ranged from round cylinders 2.25 in. in diameter to rectangular slabs 6 in. by 24 in. in cross section and approximately 30 ft long. All specimens were made from Douglas fir veneers 0.10 in. thick, bonded together with the WEST epoxy system developed for fabrication and repair of wood boats. Loading was usually parallel to the grain. Size effects (reduction in strength with increase in test volume) are observed in some of the test data, and a simple mathematical model is presented that includes the probability of failure. General characteristics of the wood/epoxy laminate are discussed, including features that make it useful for a wide variety of applications. 9 refs.
ISO observations of spirals: modelling the FIR emission
Simone Bianchi; Paul B. Alton; Jonathan I. Davies
ISO observations at 200 micron have modified our view of the dust component in spiral galaxies. For a sample of seven resolved spirals we have retrieved a mean temperature of 20K, about 10K lower than previous estimates based on IRAS data at shorter wavelengths. Because of the steep dependence of far-infrared emission on the dust temperature, the dust masses inferred from ISO fluxes are a factor of 10 higher than those derived from IRAS data only, leading to gas-to-dust ratios close to the value observed in the Galaxy. The scale-length of the 200 micron emission is larger than for the IRAS 100 micron emission, with colder dust at larger distances from the galactic centre, as expected if the interstellar radiation field is the main source of dust heating. The 200 micron scale-length is also larger than the optical, for all the galaxies in the sample. This suggests that the dust distribution is more extended than that of the stars.A model of the dust heating is needed to derive the parameters of the dust distribution from the FIR emission. Therefore, we have adapted an existing radiative transfer code to deal with dust emission. Simulated maps of the temperature distribution within the dust disk and of the dust emission at any wavelength can be produced. The stellar spectral energy distribution is derived from observations in the ultraviolet, optical and near infrared. The parameters of the dust distribution (scale-lengths and optical depth) are chosen to reproduce the observed characteristics of the FIR emission, i.e. the shape of the spectrum, the flux and the spatial distribution. We describe the application of the model to one of the galaxies in the sample, NGC 6946.
Nucleotide diversity and neutrality testing in genes involved in adaptation in Douglas-fir
Nucleotide diversity and neutrality testing in genes involved in adaptation in Douglas-fir B. Pande-Oregon region, and 684 SNPs were identified in total. We report the estimation of nucleotide diversity and tests
Radio Observations of the Star Formation Activities in the NGC 2024 FIR 4 Region
Choi, Minho; Lee, Jeong-Eun
Star formation activities in the NGC 2024 FIR 4 region were studied by imaging centimeter continuum sources and water maser sources using several archival data sets from the Very Large Array. The continuum source VLA 9 is elongated in the northwest-southeast direction, consistent with the FIR 4 bipolar outflow axis, and has a flat spectrum in the 6.2-3.6 cm interval. The three water maser spots associated with FIR 4 are also distributed along the outflow axis. One of the spots is located close to VLA 9, and another one is close to an X-ray source. Examinations of the positions of compact objects in this region suggest that the FIR 4 cloud core contains a single low-mass protostar. VLA 9 is the best indicator of the protostellar position. VLA 9 may be a radio thermal jet driven by this protostar, and it is unlikely that FIR 4 contains a high-mass young stellar object (YSO). A methanol 6.7 GHz maser source is located close to VLA 9, at a distance of about 100 AU. The FIR 4 protostar must be responsible for the ...
Quantification and comparison of terpene concentrations in various balsam fir growth forms and foliage ages, and a simulation of moose browsing on balsam fir trees at Isle Royale
Terra-Berns, Mary Helen
) and twigs (T) of growth form samples collected from Windigo and Beaver Island. . . . . . . . . . 10 Table 2. Means and standard deviations for foliage age samples (means followed by the same letter are not significantly different... terpene compounds from the needles and twigs of balsam fir samples collected by Risenhoover (unpubl. data) at 2 sites in the Washington Harbor area of Isle Royale during late February of 1985 (Windigo) and 1986 (Beaver Island). The following classes...
Blind Identification of MIMO FIR Systems Driven by Quasi-Stationary Sources Using Second Order
Reilly, James P.
1 Blind Identification of MIMO FIR Systems Driven by Quasi-Stationary Sources Using Second Order This paper discusses a frequency domain method for blind identification of MIMO convolutive channels driven are presented to demonstrate the performance of the new algorithm1 . I. Introduction Blind identification
Blind identification of MISO-FIR channels Carlos Est^ev~ao R. Fernandes
Boyer, Edmond
Blind identification of MISO-FIR channels Carlos Est^ev~ao R. Fernandes , Pierre Comon , G, vol.90 Abstract In this paper, we address the problem of determining the order of MISO channels to false alarm. Afterwards, we introduce the concept of MISO channel nested detectors based on a deflation
Characteristics of subalpine fir susceptible to attack by western balsam bark beetle (Coleoptera
Lindgren, Staffan
Characteristics of subalpine fir susceptible to attack by western balsam bark beetle (Coleoptera beetle (Dryocoetes confusus Swaine) predominately attacked trees from the three to four largest diameter classes at each site. However, the mean diameter of attacked trees was significantly different among sites
Fungal endophytes in woody roots of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) and ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa)
Fungal endophytes in woody roots of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) and ponderosa pine (Pinus baseline data for future surveys of fungal endophytes. Examination of internal transcribed spacer (ITS1 evidence of host species or plant association effects on total recovery of fungal endophytes or recovery
Architectural trade-offs in the design of low power FIR filtering cores
Arslan, Tughrul
Architectural trade-offs in the design of low power FIR filtering cores A.T. Erdogan, E. Zwyssig and T. Arslan Abstract: There is a continuous drive for methodologies and approaches of low power design. This is mainly driven by the surge in portable computing. On the other hand, the design of low power systems
Hung, Shih-Hao
, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan, ROC *Department of Electrical Engineering, National Central-phase FIR filter synthesizer, which combines several research efforts. We propose a local search algorithm in decreasing the design cycle time and accurately simulating the correctness of the circuit design
Oyamel fir forest trunks provide thermal advantages for overwintering monarch butterflies in Mexico
Williams, Ernest H.
Oyamel fir forest trunks provide thermal advantages for overwintering monarch butterflies in Mexico, UniversidadNacionalAutonomadeMexico,AntiguaCarreteraaPa┬┤ tzcuaro,Morelia,Michoacan,Mexico,5 InstitutodeGeografi┬┤aCiudad Universitaria,UniversidadNacionalAutonomadeMexico,Coyoacan,MexicoD.F.,Mexico,6 Departmentof
Submm/FIR astronomy in Antarctica: Potential for a large telescope facility
Vincent Minier; V. Minier; L. Olmi; P. -O. Lagage; L. Spinoglio; G. A. Durand; E. Daddi; D. Galilei; H. Gallee; C. Kramer; D. Marrone; E. Pantin; L. Sabbatini; N. Schneider; N. Tothill; L. Valenziano; C. Veyssiere
Preliminary site testing datasets suggest that Dome C in Antarctica is one of the best sites on Earth for astronomical observations in the 200 to 500 micron regime, i.e. for far-infrared (FIR) and submillimetre (submm) astronomy. We present an overview of potential science cases that could be addressed with a large telescope facility at Dome C. This paper also includes a presentation of the current knowledge about the site characterics in terms of atmospheric transmission, stability, sky noise and polar constraints on telescopes. Current and future site testing campaigns are finally described.
Initial and continued effects of a release spray in a coastal Oregon douglas-fir plantation. Forest Service research paper
Miller, R.E.; Obermeyer, E.L.
Portions of a 4-year-old Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) plantation were sprayed with herbicide. Five years after spraying the authors established 18 plots and used several means to determine retrospectively that six plots probably received full spray treatment and six others received no spray. Various portions of the remaining six plots were sprayed. Herbicide reduced number and size of red alder (Alnus rubra Bong.), increased number and size of planted Douglas-fir, damaged terminal shoots of Douglas-fir resulting in more abnormal boles and branching, and increased number of volunteer conifers. Fifteen of the eighteen plots were thinned, in the subsequent 6 years, thinned plots that had received full release at age 4 averaged 9 percent more volume growth (all species) than plots not released.
Resistance of fast-and slow-growing subalpine fir to pheromone-induced attack by western balsam bark beetle (Coleoptera
Lindgren, Staffan
Resistance of fast- and slow-growing subalpine fir to pheromone- induced attack by western balsam the resistance of fast- and slow-growing subalpine fir to pheromone-induced attack by western balsam bark beetle at two sites in the interior of British Columbia, Canada. 2 Attack success by the beetle and subsequent
LOW-FREQUENCY RADIO-FIR CORRELATION IN NORMAL GALAXIES AT {approx}1 kpc SCALES
Basu, Aritra; Roy, Subhashis; Mitra, Dipanjan, E-mail: email@example.com, E-mail: email@example.com, E-mail: email@example.com [National Center for Radio Astrophysics, TIFR, Pune University Campus, Ganeshkhind Road, Pune-411007 (India)
We study the radio-FIR correlation between the nonthermal (synchrotron) radio continuum emission at {lambda}90 cm (333 MHz) and the far-infrared emission due to cool ({approx}20 K) dust at {lambda}70 {mu}m in spatially resolved normal galaxies at scales of {approx}1 kpc. The slope of the radio-FIR correlation significantly differs between the arm and interarm regions. However, this change is not evident at a lower wavelength of {lambda}20 cm (1.4 GHz). We find the slope of the correlation in the arm to be 0.8 {+-} 0.12 and we use this to determine the coupling between equipartition magnetic field (B{sub eq}) and gas density ({rho}{sub gas}) as B{sub eq}{proportional_to}{rho}{sup 0.51{+-}0.12}{sub gas}. This is close to what is predicted by magnetohydrodynamic simulations of turbulent interstellar medium, provided the same region produces both the radio and far-infrared emission. We argue that at 1 kpc scales this condition is satisfied for radio emission at 1.4 GHz and may not be satisfied at 333 MHz. The change of slope observed in the interarm region could be caused by propagation of low energy ({approx}1.5 GeV) and long-lived ({approx}10{sup 8} yr) cosmic-ray electrons at 333 MHz.
Treatment duration and time since disturbance affect vegetation development in a young California red fir plantation. Forest Service research paper
McDonald, P.M.; Fiddler, G.O.
The density and development of greenleaf manzanita, snowbrush, goldenbush (rabbitbrush), and graminoids were evaluated in a young California red fir plantation in northern California from 1986 through 1995. Manual grubbing and herbicides created treatments regimes that lasted for 3 to 6 years and vegetation recovery times of 4 to 10 years. The duration and timing of the grubbing and spraying operations constituted the treatments. Species response was mixed: greenleaf manzanita had higher average values of density, foliar cover, and height when time since disturbance was longest, snowbrush density was lowest but cover and height were highest, and values for goldenbrush and graminoids in general showed no trend. In the control at the end of the study, graminoids numbered 82,350 per acre, greenleaf manzanita 10,850, goldenbrush 10,800, and snowbrush 1,850 plants per acre. Foliar cover of manzanita at 7,300 square feet per acre was more than that of all other naturally estblished species combined. Survival of red fir over all teatments after one growing season was 98 percent and after 10 seasons was 89 percent. Average height of red fir seedlings ranged from 3.2 feet with intensive release to 1.7 feet with no release. No release allowed greenleaf manzanita plants to be slightly taller than red fir seedlings and to place the seedlings in danger of being overtopped.
Development of a mixed shrub-tanoak-douglas-fir community in a treated and untreated condition. Forest Service research paper
McDonald, P.M.; Fiddler, G.O.
On a medium site in northern California, a tanoak-mixed shrub community was given several treatments (manual release two and three times, a combination chainsaw and cut surface herbicide treatment, two foliar herbicides, and a tank mix of the two herbicides) to study its development in both a natural (control) and treated condition. The herbicides were 2,4-D, Garlon 3A, and Garlon 4, each applied two times. Survival of planted Douglas-fir seedlings was recorded for 11 years and growth was quantified for 9 years after the last treatment application. In addition to Douglas-fir, data are presented individually for the two most abundant species (tanoak and snowbrush), for greenleaf manzanita, and for the hardwood tree and shrubs combined. The treatment response data, cost information, and plant community relationships provides the forest land manager with knowledge on how to attain some specific plant communities in the future, and their developmental potentials.
Predicting height increment of young-growth red fir in California and southern Oregon. Forest Service research paper (Final)
Dolph, K.L.
An equation is given to estimate 10-year height increment for young-growth red fir trees in California and Southern Oregon. The independent variables are the individual tree, stand, and site characteristics significantly related to a tree's height growth. Data used to develop the equation came from stem analysis of 492 trees sampled from 56 stands in the study area. Parameter estimates for the predictive equation were obtained using least-squares linear regression.
[)r PAR1 rMF.Nr o Dr (.FIrMr( A .IF]CNC)I,OGIi,
Guidoni, Leonardo
[)r PAR1 rMF.Nr o Dr (.FIrMr( A E .IF]CNC)I,OGIi, f)├?]I I-ARMACo @ ;^.*r.l-EN,.m BANDO Dl SELEZIONE n. 17 PER lL CONFERIMENTO Dt N. 1 ASSEGNO PER LO SVOLGIMENTO Dl ATTIVITA DI RICERCA DI CATEGORIA B riunita la Commissione esaminatrice per il bando di selezione n. 17 relativo al conferimento di n. 1
Energy Input and Quality of Pellets Made from Steam-Exploded Douglas Fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii)
Sokhansanj, Shahabaddine [ORNL; Bi, X.T. [University of British Columbia, Vancouver; Lim, C. Jim [University of British Columbia, Vancouver; Melin, Staffan [University of British Columbia, Vancouver
Ground softwood Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) was treated with pressurized saturated steam at 200-220 C (1.6-2.4 MPa) for 5-10 min in a sealed container. The contents of the container were released to the atmosphere for a sudden decompression. The steam-exploded wood particles were dried to 10% moisture content and pelletized in a single-piston-cylinder system. The pellets were characterized for their mechanical strength, chemical composition, and moisture sorption. The steamtreated wood required 12-81% more energy to compact into pellets than the untreated wood. Pellets made from steam-treated wood had a breaking strength 1.4-3.3 times the strength of pellets made from untreated wood. Steam-treated pellets had a reduced equilibrium moisture content of 2-4% and a reduced expansion after pelletization. There was a slight increase in the high heating value from 18.94 to 20.09 MJ/kg for the treated samples. Steam-treated pellets exhibited a higher lengthwise rigidity compared to untreated pellets.
The SCUBA HAlf Degree Extragalactic Survey (SHADES) - IV: Radio-mm-FIR photometric redshifts
Itziar Aretxaga; David H. Hughes; Kristen Coppin; Angela M. J. Mortier; Jeff Wagg; James S. Dunlop; Edward L. Chapin; Stephen A. Eales; Enrique Gaztanaga; Mark Halpern; Rob J. Ivison; Eelco van Kampen; Douglas Scott; Stephen Serjeant; Ian Smail; Thomas Babbedge; Andrew J. Benson; Scott Chapman; David L. Clements; Loretta Dunne; Simon Dye; Duncan Farrah; Matthew J. Jarvis; Robert G. Mann; Alexandra Pope; Robert Priddey; Steve Rawlings; Marc Seigar; Laura Silva; Chris Simpson; Mattia Vaccari
We present the redshift distribution of the SHADES galaxy population based on the rest-frame radio-mm-FIR colours of 120 robustly detected 850um sources in the Lockman Hole East (LH) and Subaru XMM-Newton Deep Field (SXDF). The redshift distribution derived from the full SED information is shown to be narrower than that determined from the radio-submm spectral index, as more photometric bands contribute to a higher redshift accuracy. The redshift distribution of sources derived from at least two photometric bands peaks at z ~ 2.4 and has a near-Gaussian distribution, with 50 per cent (interquartile range) of sources at z=1.8-3.1. We find a statistically-significant difference between the measured redshift distributions in the two fields; the SXDF peaking at a slightly lower redshift (median z ~ 2.2) than the LH (median z ~ 2.7), which we attribute to the noise-properties of the radio observations. We demonstrate however that there could also be field-to-field variations that are consistent with the measured differences in the redshift distributions, and hence, that the incomplete area observed by SHADES with SCUBA, despite being the largest sub-mm survey to date, may still be too small to fully characterize the bright sub-mm galaxy population. Finally we present a brief comparison with the predicted, or assumed, redshift distributions of sub-mm galaxy formation and evolution models, and we derive the contribution of these SHADES sources and the general sub-mm galaxy population to the star formation-rate density at different epochs.
Genetic variation and seed zones of douglas-fir in the Siskiyou National Forest. Forest Service research paper
Campbell, R.K.; Sugano, A.I.
The provisional seed zones and breeding zones were developed for Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) in the Siskiyou National Forest in southwestern Oregon. Zones were based on maps of genetic variation patterns obtained by evaluating genotypes of trees from 260 locations in the region. Genotypes controlling growth vigor and growth rhythm were assessed in the common garden. Within the Forest, three breeding blocks were recommended, with different numbers of elevational bands in each block: from 0 to 610 meters, from 611 to 838 meters, and then a series of bands 152 meters wide at higher elevations.
Mulching to regenerate a harsh site: Effect on douglas-fir seedlings, forbs, grasses, and ferns. Forest Service research paper (Final)
McDonald, P.M.; Fiddler, G.O.; Harrison, H.R.
Douglas-fir seedlings on the Arcata District, Bureau of Land Management, U.S. Department of the Interior, in central coastal California, were planted in an effort to restore the natural forest to what was then pastureland. Douglas-fir seedlings were released from a complex forb-gass-fern plant community by applying very large (10-ft square) and very small (2-foot square) durable mulches one month after planting. In spite of high cost, the promising role of large mulches for establishing fast-growing Douglas-fir seedlings on a harsh site and the increased stability and sustainability that the future trees will bring to the more natural plant community give large mulches a place in the toolkit of ecosystem managers.
Repeated manual release in a young plantation: Effect on douglas-fir seedlings, hardwoods, shrubs, forbs, and grasses. Forest Service research paper (Final)
McDonald, P.M.; Fiddler, G.O.; Harrison, H.R.
Douglas-fir seedlings on the Arcata Resource Area, Bureau of Land Management, U.S. Department of the Interior, in central coastal California, were released by chain sawing and grubbing competing vegetation around them at different frequencies (0, 2, and 3 grubbings) over a 5-year period. After 5 years, average Douglas-fir stem diameter (measured at 12 inches above mean groundline) of seedlings grubbed at ages 1, 2, and 5 was 0.91 inches, and of seedlings grubbed after the first and fifth growing season was 0.95 inches. Both were significantly larger than counterparts in the control (0.57 inches).
Age-class structure of old growth ponderosa pine/douglas-fir stands and its relationship to fire history. Forest Service research paper
Arno, S.F.; Scott, J.H.; Hartwell, M.G.
Describes age structure of nine old growth ponderosa pine/Douglas-fir stands in western Montana. Interprets the influence of past fires and 20th century five exclusion on stand structure. Gives implications for management to restore and maintain these forests for multiple resource values.
Variation in phenology and monoterpene patterns of defoliated and nondefoliated douglas-fir ( pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca'). Forest Service research paper
Muzika, R.M.; Engle, J.; Parks, C.; Wickman, B.
Foliage was collected from paired Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) trees characterized as either resistant' or susceptible' to western spruce budworm (Choristoneura occidentalis) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) attack. Resistant trees produced more foliage monoterpenes and broke bud 7 to 10 days earlier than susceptible trees.
Extended rotations and culmination age of coast douglas-fir: Old studies speak to current issues. Forest Service research paper
Curtis, R.O.
Trends of mean annual increment and periodic annual increment were examined in 17 long-term thinning studies in Douglas-fir (Pseuditsuga menziesii var. menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) in western Washington, western Oregon, and British Columbia. Problems in evaluating growth trends and culmination ages are discussed. None of the stands had clearly reached culmination of mean annual increment, although some seemed close. The observed trends seem generally consistent with some other recent comparisons. These comparisons indicate that rotations can be considerably extended without reducing long-term timber production; value production probably would increase. A major problem in such a strategy is design of thinning regimes that can maintain a reasonable level of timber flow during the transition period while producing stand conditions compatible with other management objectives. The continuing value of long-term permanent plot studies is emphasized.
Ecological impacts of using chloropicrin to control laminated root rot in northwest conifer forests: Growth and mycorrhiza formation of planted douglas-fir seedlings after two growing seasons. Forest Service research paper
Castellano, M.A.; McKay, D.; Thies, W.G.
Barefoot Douglas-fir seedlings inoculated with Rhizopogon sp. and processed by standard nursery and reforestation procedures performed equally well whether planted near Douglas-fir stumps previously fumigated with two dosages of choloropicrin to control Phellinus weirri infection or near stumps not fumigated. Before stump fumigation can be generally recommended for Phellinus-rehabilitation sites, the fate of the chemical and its derivates must be directly assessed under various conditions of stand age, soil, and weather.
Levels-of-growing-stock cooperative study in douglas-fir: Report No. 13. The Francis study, 1963-90. Forest Service research paper
Hoyer, G.E.; Andersen, N.A.; Marshall, D.
The levels-of-growing-stock studies in Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco), were designed to test the influence of treatment regimes by using a wide range of retained growing stock on the development of forest growth, yield, and stand structure. Results of the Francis installation located in the headwaters of the Willapa River in Pacific County, Washington, are summarized from calibration at age 15 through age 42 (completion of 60 feet of height growth from calibration, and the planned course of the experimental thinnings plus 5 years). In addition to the eight basic treatments and control common to the other eight study installations in the region, five additional treatments were added at Francis; four late first thinnings (at age 25), which matched the level of growing stock of four standard fixed treatments, and an unthinned western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.). Estimated Douglas-fir site index (50-year base) of this plantation is 124, a mid site II.
Early survival and height growth of douglas-fir and lodgepole pine seedling and variations in site factors following treatment of logging residues. Forest Service research paper
Lopushinsky, W.; Zabowski, D.; Anderson, T.D.
Logging residues were (1) broadcast burned, (2) piled and burned, (3) removed, or (4) left in place after clearcutting in a high elevation subalpine fir/lodgepole pine forest in north-central Washington. Survival, height growth, and nutrient content of foliage of planted Douglas-fir and lodgepole pine seedlings, and variations in soil factors (nutrients, temperature, moisture, and compaction) and air temperature were compared for the four treatments. Little height growth occurred the first year, and it was similar for all treatments, probably due to transplant shock. Height growth the second year increased the most in the burned treatments, and the least in the slash-left treatment. Levels of nutrients in foliage were similar for all treatments and above threshold-deficiency levels except for sulfur. Extractable soil nutrients increased with burn treatments but returned to levels in other treatments within 3 years, best performance of seedlings during the first 2 years was in burn treatments.
Ten-year development of douglas-fir and associated vegetation after different site preparation on coast range clearcuts. Forest Service research paper
Stein, W.I.
Ten-years results are presented from an operational-sized, replicated experiment in the Coast Ranges of Oregon to determine the effects of six site-preparation methods on the subsequent survival and growth of Douglas-fir and associated species. Site preparation and seedling protection with plastic mesh tubing significantly enhanced tree development. Site preparation also produced large differences in frequency and cover of associated species but only minor differences in the species represented.
Levels-of-growing-stock cooperative studies in douglas-fir: Report No. 10. The Hoskins study. 1963-83. Forest Service research paper
Marshall, D.D.; Bell, J.F.; Tappeiner, J.C.
Results of the Hoskins levels-of-growing-stock (LOGS) study in western Oregon are summarized and management implications discussed through the fifth and final planned treatment period. To age 40 thinnings in this low site I Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) stand resulted in large increases in diameter growth with reductions in basal area and volume growth and yield. Growth was strongly related to the level of growing stock. Culmination of cubic-foot mean annual increment does not appear to be near for any of the treatments.
Abies lasiocarpa subalpine fir
narrowleaf cottonwood Ę Leaves lanceolate Ę Buds terminal with overlapping scales Ę Catkins drooping #12 nearly circular Ę Buds with overlapping scales Ę Catkins drooping #12;Prunus virginiana chokecherry
Investigation of Temperature Dependent Optical Modes in GexAs35-xSe65 Thin Films: Structure Specific Raman, FIR and Optical Absorption Spectroscopy
Khan, Pritam; Joshy, Abin; Sathe, Vasant; Deshpande, Uday; Adarsh, K V
In this article, we present a comprehensive study of temperature and composition dependent Raman spectroscopy of GexAs35-xSe65 thin films to understand different structural units responsible for optical properties. Strikingly, our experimental results uncover the ratio of GeSe4/2 tetrahedral and AsSe3/2 pyramidal units in GexAs35-xSe65 thin films and their linear scaling relationship with temperature and x. An important notable outcome of our study is the formation of Se8 rings at lower temperatures. Our experimental results further provide interesting optical features, thermally and compositionally tunable optical absorption spectra. Detailed structure specific FIR data at room temperature also present direct information on the structural units in consistent with Raman data. We foresee that our studies are useful in determining the lightinduced response of these films and also for their potential applications in optics and optoelectronics.
Ammonium nitrate, urea, and biuret fertilizers increase volume growth of 57-year-old douglas-fir trees within a gradient of nitrogen deficiency. Forest Service research paper
Miller, R.E.; Reukema, D.L.; Hazard, J.W.
In a nitrogen-deficient plantation in southwest Washington, the authors (1) compared effects of 224 kg N/ha as ammonium nitrate, urea, and biuret on volume growth of dominant and codominant Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii (Mirb.) Franco); (2) determined how 8-year response of these trees to fertilization was related to their distance from a strip of the plantation interplanted with nitrogen-fixing red alder (alnus rubra Bong.); and (3) observed effects of biuret on understory vegetation. On both sides of the strip centerline, the authors grouped subject trees into 30 plots of 4 trees each, based on slope position and distance from alder. The authors randomly assigned three fertilizers and a control within each plot. They analyzed separately data from east and west of the mixed stand certerline. Initial volume differed greatly among the 120 trees on each side, so they used covariance analysis to adjust observed treatment means. Adjusted mean volume growth was increased (p equal to or less than 0.10) by 22 to 28 percent on the east side and by 11 to 14 percent on the west side, with no significant difference in response to the three fertilizers.
Historical patterns of western spruce budworm and douglas-fir tussock moth outbreaks in the northern Blue Mountains, Oregon, since a.d. 1700. Forest Service research paper
Swetnam, T.W.; Wickman, B.E.; Paul, H.G.; Baisan, C.H.
Tree-ring samples from 21 mixed-conifer stands in the Blue Mountains of northeastern Oregon were analyzed for evidence of past western spruce budworm and Douglas-fir tussock moth outbreaks. Comparison of host and nonhost tree-ring growth provided an objective basis for distinguishing climatic effects from insect defoliation effects. Our reconstruction shows that since ca. A.D. 1700 at least eight regional budworm outbreaks occurred at intervals of about 21 to 53 years. Reduced radial growth periods caused by defoliation lasted from 13 to 17 years. Two regional budworm out-breaks occurred in the 19th century (ca. 1806 to 1822 and ca. 1851 to 1867), three outbreaks occurred in the northern Blue Mountains in the 20th century (ca. 1898 to 1910, ca. 1946 to 1958, and ca. 1980 to present), and an additional outbreak occurred in the Eagle Cap Wilderness (ca. 1925 to 1939). These findings generally lend support to the hypothesis that budworm outbreaks have increased in frequency and severity in the 20th century in northeastern Oregon.
Stand-Level Gas-Exchange Responses to Seasonal Drought in Very Young Versus Old Douglas-fir Forests of the Pacific Northwest, USA
Wharton, S; Schroeder, M; Bible, K; Falk, M; Paw U, K T
This study examines how stand age affects ecosystem mass and energy exchange response to seasonal drought in three adjacent Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) forests. The sites include two early seral stands (ES) (0-15 years old) and an old-growth (OG) ({approx} 450-500) forest in the Wind River Experiment Forest, Washington, USA. We use eddy covariance flux measurements of carbon dioxide (F{sub NEE}), latent energy ({lambda}E) and sensible heat (H) to derive evapotranspiration rate (E{sub T}), bowen ratio ({beta}), water use efficiency (WUE), canopy conductance (G{sub c}), the Priestley-Taylor coefficient ({alpha}) and a canopy decoupling factor ({Omega}). The canopy and bulk parameters are examined to see how ecophysiological responses to water stress, including changes in available soil water ({theta}{sub r}) and vapor pressure deficit ({delta}e) differ among the two forest successional-stages. Despite very different rainfall patterns in 2006 and 2007, we observed distinct successional-stage relationships between E{sub T}, {alpha}, and G{sub c} to {delta}e and {theta}{sub r} during both years. The largest stand differences were (1) higher morning G{sub c} (> 10 mm s{sup -1}) at the OG forest coinciding with higher CO{sub 2} uptake (F{sub NEE} = -9 to -6 {micro}mol m{sup -2} s{sup -1}) but a strong negative response in G{sub c} to moderate {delta}e later in the day and a subsequent reduction in E{sub T}, and (2) higher E{sub T} at the ES stands because midday canopy conductance did not decrease until very low water availability levels (<30%) were reached at the end of the summer. Our results suggest that early seral stands are more likely than mature forests to experience declines in production if the summer drought becomes longer or intensifies because water conserving ecophysiological responses were only observed at the very end of the seasonal drought period in the youngest stands.
Standiford, Richard B.
(TGC, RGC) just after lifting and after cold storage, and for survival and growth on cleared planting extent are TGC and RGC at lifting altered by seedling cold storage to spring planting time? ┬Ę When during the winter season can seedlings in the nursery be safely lifted for cold storage and spring planting? ┬Ę How
A syncrhronized FIR/VUV light source at Jefferson Lab
Shinn, Michelle D. [JLAB, Newport News, VA (United States)
This slide show presents an introduction to Free-Electron Lasers (FELs) and what makes the JLab FELs unique. Ways of exploring the nature of matter with the FEL are shown, including applications in the THz, IR, UV, and VUV. The Jefferson Lab FEL Facility is unique in its high average brightness in the THz, and IR -- VUV spectral regions and Sub ps-pulses at MHz repetition rates. With an installation of a rebuilt 'F100' cryomodule the linac energy will increase to > 150MeV. This will permit lasing further into the UV and extend VUV. With the swap of our CEBAF-style cryounit for an improved booster, we could lase in the VUV. Addition of a wiggler and optical cavity slightly canted from the UV beamline would allow simultaneous lasing of UV and THz for high E-field 2 color experiments.
appalachian spruce fir: Topics by E-print Network
Broader source: All U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office Webpages (Extended Search)
sprayed with a surfactant M Borghetti Istituto whether the water relations of Norway spruce (Picea abies Karst) seedlings are affected by repeated, during which water...
Virtual Field Trip: Temperate Rain Forest Douglas Fir and Western
Hansen, Andrew J.
Disturbance Cascade Creek fire on the southwest flank of Mount Adams. Sept 2012 #12;Frequency: none Frequency: 250-500 yrs Severity: high Size: large Frequency: 50-90 yrs Severity: low Size: small Fire in the PNW Natural Disturbance #12;Vegetation Succession #12;Species and Trophic relationships Pacific Giant
Distribution of Fine Roots of Ponderosa Pine and Douglas-Fir in a Central Idaho Forest
Fried, Jeremy S.
at a study site in a central Idaho forest. Concentration and content of fine roots extracted from soil cores of exotic dis- eases, heavy grazing, and timber harvest has altered forest structure, stand composition(SwezyandAgee1991,Dumm2003).Finerootsarecritical structures for water and nutrient absorption from the soil
Original article The physiological status of Douglas fir seedlings and the
Paris-Sud XI, Universit├® de
November to December/January. Following cold storage until June, field performance was acceptable quality / plant handling / cold hardiness / mitotic index / cold storage / Pseudotsuga meuziesii R├®sum├®
A Multiple Detector Approach to Low-resolution FIR Pedestrian Recognition
Gavrila, Dariu M.
comprises the simultaneous harmonized use of three powerful detection algorithms, the hyper permutation of the detection results is performed by a particle filter approach. I. INTRODUCTION A. Motivation Driver assistance systems supporting the driver at night are of increasing interest in the car market. The first
Modeling to discern nitrogen fertilization impacts on carbon sequestration in a Pacific Northwest Douglas-fir
Modeling to discern nitrogen fertilization impacts on carbon sequestration in a Pacific Northwest A R K J O H N S O N } *LREIS Institute of Geographic Sciences & Nature Resources Research, Chinese of Forestry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z4, zBiometeorology and Soil Physics
Glacial populations and postglacial migration of Douglas-fir based on fossil pollen and macrofossil evidence
Gugger, Paul F.
and Europe, and provide a context for interpreting new molecular datasets from modern forests. In western, Italian and Balkan peninsulas during the LGM and expanded to their present distributions at rates up
The 7-channel FIR HCN Interferometer on J-TEXT Tokamak
Wei Chen; L. Gao; J. Chen; Q. Li; Z. J. Wang; G. Zhuang
A seven-channel far-infrared hydrogen cyanide (HCN) laser interferometer has been established aiming to provide the line integrated plasma density for the J-TEXT experimental scenarios. A continuous wave glow discharge HCN laser designed with a cavity length 3.4 m is used as the laser source with a wavelength of 337 {\\mu}m and an output power up to 100 mW. The system is configured as a Mach-Zehnder type interferometer. Phase modulation is achieved by a rotating grating, with a modulation frequency of 10 kHz which corresponds to the temporal resolution of 0.1 ms. The beat signal is detected by TGS detector. The phase shift induced by the plasma is derived by the comparator with a phase sensitivity of 0.06 fringe. The experimental results measured by the J-TEXT interferometer are presented in details. In addition, the inversed electron density profile done by a conventional approach is also given. The kinematic viscosity of dimethyl silicone and vibration control is key issues for the system performance. The laser power stability under different kinematic viscosity of silicone oil is presented. A visible improvement of measured result on vibration reduction is shown in the paper.
Intensive Silviculture of Planted Douglas-fir Forests -Feb 15, 2011 Net Value Recovery
capture technologyNew value capture technology Stand Value $$$ Log Product Yields Above Ground Carbon
Douglas-fir plantation productivity: effects of organic matter retention, competing
sand silt loamsoils MolallaMatlockFall River Grove soil series near Matlock #12;Precipitation(mm) 20 25 30 35 control compacted Fall River Matlock Molalla Height(cm) 100 120 140 160 Third-year size
ADAPTIVE FLUT FI.R SUPPRES; II.)N J. B. Moore
Moore, John Barratt
of weight reduction and flight env+>lope expansion. However, the model lng of th~ aircraft structural dynamics Is oniy approximate. The uncertainty in the model increases with increasing frequency. Ibis l using some form ,! plant Identification scheme can alleviate sc!!T,eof the difficulties. It will change
Analog FIR Filter Used for Range-Optimal Pulsed Radar Applications
Su, Eric Chen
Matched filter is one of the most critical block in radar applications. With different measured range and relative velocity of a target we will need different bandwidth of the matched filter to maximize the radar signal to noise ratio (SNR...
Michael.Gensch @ DESY.DE (First) Photondiagnostic of the FIR Undulator
Powermeter (currently under development by HASYLAB in collaboration with external groups: BESSY, FELBE, DLR under development in collaboration with external groups: BESSY, FELBE, DLR, PTB and DESY-FLA) } ONLINE
Michael.Gensch @ DESY.DE Light at the FLASH FIR beamline second coming
), Wolfgang Seidel (FZ Rossendorf), Ullrich Schade, Jongseok Lee (BESSY), Heinz-Wilhelm H³bers, Alexei Semenov central on delay translational stage! Synchrotron beamline #12;9Michael Gensch FLASH Seminar 19
Overstory/understory relationships in old growth Grand fir habitat types of northeast Oregon
Schreder, Peter Todd
closure was obtained from PMR output that classified all overstory on the allotment into an index of crown closure present at different stands. Spatial variability within the stand was determined through variable plot measurements of tree diameter, live... soil types. Classifications of overstory cover obtained &om PMR maps of each allotment were assigned to forested stands in each cluster group. Overstory cover classifications were 0-25'/0 canopy cover, 26-55 10 canopy cover, and &55 10 canopy cover...
Researchers Borrow From Fir Tree to Create Biodiesel | Department of Energy
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Researchers Borrow From Fir Tree to Create Biodiesel | Department of Energy
Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) Indexed Site
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Purpose: To focus a select group of upper-level undergraduate students and firs
Broader source: All U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office Webpages (Extended Search)
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE: Alternative1 First Use of Energy for All Purposes (Fuel and Nonfuel), 2002; Level: National5Sales for4,645U.S. DOE Office of Science (SC)IntegratedSpeedingTechnicalPurchase, Delivery, and Storage of Gases Print
DownloadedBy:[UniversidadGranada]At:20:0622November2007 Learning fuzzy partitions in FIR methodology
Granada, Universidad de
Departament de Llenguatges i Sistemes Informa`tics, Universitat Polite`cnica de Catalunya 08034, Barcelona ¦Departament d'Enginyeria de Sistemes, Automa`tica i Informa`tica Industrial, Universitat Polite`cnica de of this research is the development of a hybrid genetic fuzzy system (GFS), composed by the fuzzy inductive
Forecasting outbreaks of the douglas-fir tussock moth from lower crown cocoon samples. Forest Service research paper
Mason, R.R.; Scott, D.W.; Paul, H.G.
A predictive technique using a simple linear regression was developed to forecast the midcrown density of small tussock moth larvae from estimates of cocoon density in the previous generation. The regression estimator was derived from field samples of cocoons and larvae taken from a wide range of nonoutbreak tussock moth populations. The accuracy of the predictions was demonstrated on an operational basis in an independent tussock moth outbreak.
Genotype environmental interaction: A case study for douglas-fir in Western Oregon. Forest Service research paper
Campbell, R.K.
Unrecognized genotype x environment interactions can bias genetic-gain predictions and models for predicting growth dynamics or species perturbations by global climate change. The study tested six sets of families in 10 plantation sites in a 78-thousand-hectare breeding zone. Plantation differences accounted for 71 percent of sums of squares (15-year heights), replications an additional 4.4 percent, families 1.9 percent, the first principal component of interaction effects 3.5 percent, and the second principal component 1.2 percent. Results in the study in a larger survey (87 sets in 10 breeding zones) were similar: 51 percent of sets indicated significant g star e.
Optimal FiniteComplexity Transmit Filters for Packet Data Transmission on Dispersive Channels with Application to the FIR
Al-Dhahir, Naofal
: : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 15 6 A flow chart of the symbol rate optimization procedure : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 17 7 Optimizing the number of usable input dimensions subject to a flat input energy constraint
Wiebe, Donald V.; Chapin, Edward L.; Halpern, Mark; Marsden, Gaelen [Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, 6224 Agricultural Road, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1 (Canada); Ade, Peter A. R.; Griffin, Matthew; Hargrave, Peter C.; Mauskopf, Philip; Pascale, Enzo [School of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University, 5 The Parade, Cardiff, CF24 3AA (United Kingdom); Bock, James J. [Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA 91109-8099 (United States); Devlin, Mark J.; Dicker, Simon; Klein, Jeff; Rex, Marie [Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, 209 South 33rd Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104 (United States); Gundersen, Joshua O. [Department of Physics, University of Miami, 1320 Campo Sano Drive, Coral Gables, FL 33146 (United States); Hughes, David H. [Instituto Nacional de AstrofIsica Optica y Electronica, Aptdo. Postal 51 y 216, 72000 Puebla (Mexico); Martin, Peter G. [Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Toronto, 60 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3H8 (Canada); Netterfield, Calvin B. [Department of Physics, University of Toronto, 60 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7 (Canada); Olmi, Luca [Istituto di Radioastronomia, Largo E. Fermi 5, I-50125, Firenze (Italy); Patanchon, Guillaume [Laboratoire APC, 10, rue Alice Domon et Leonie Duquet 75205 Paris (France)
Over the course of two flights, the Balloon-borne Large Aperture Submillimeter Telescope (BLAST) made resolved maps of seven nearby (<25 Mpc) galaxies at 250, 350, and 500 mum. During its 2005 June flight from Sweden, BLAST observed a single nearby galaxy, NGC 4565. During the 2006 December flight from Antarctica, BLAST observed the nearby galaxies NGC 1097, NGC 1291, NGC 1365, NGC 1512, NGC 1566, and NGC 1808. We fit physical dust models to a combination of BLAST observations and other available data for the galaxies observed by Spitzer. We fit a modified blackbody to the remaining galaxies to obtain total dust mass and mean dust temperature. For the four galaxies with Spitzer data, we also produce maps and radial profiles of dust column density and temperature. We measure the fraction of BLAST detected flux originating from the central cores of these galaxies and use this to calculate a 'core fraction', an upper limit on the 'active galactic nucleus fraction' of these galaxies. We also find our resolved observations of these galaxies give a dust mass estimate 5-19 times larger than an unresolved observation would predict. Finally, we are able to use these data to derive a value for the dust mass absorption coefficient of kappa = 0.29 +- 0.03 m{sup 2} kg{sup -1} at 250 mum. This study is an introduction to future higher-resolution and higher-sensitivity studies to be conducted by Herschel and SCUBA-2.
Barro, G.; Perez-Gonzalez, P. G.; Gallego, J.; Villar, V.; Zamorano, J. [Departamento de Astrofisica, Facultad de CC. Fisicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, E-28040 Madrid (Spain); Ashby, M. L. N. [Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden St., Cambridge, MA 02138 (United States); Kajisawa, M.; Yamada, T. [Astronomical Institute, Tohoku University, Aramaki, Aoba, Sendai 9808578 (Japan); Miyazaki, S. [National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588 (Japan)
Based on the ultraviolet to far-infrared photometry already compiled and presented in a companion paper (Paper I), we present a detailed spectral energy distribution (SED) analysis of nearly 80,000 IRAC 3.6 + 4.5 {mu}m selected galaxies in the Extended Groth Strip. We estimate photometric redshifts, stellar masses, and star formation rates (SFRs) separately for each galaxy in this large sample. The catalog includes 76,936 sources with [3.6] {<=} 23.75 (85% completeness level of the IRAC survey) over 0.48 deg{sup 2}. The typical photometric redshift accuracy is {Delta}z/(1 + z) = 0.034, with a catastrophic outlier fraction of just 2%. We quantify the systematics introduced by the use of different stellar population synthesis libraries and initial mass functions in the calculation of stellar masses. We find systematic offsets ranging from 0.1 to 0.4 dex, with a typical scatter of 0.3 dex. We also provide UV- and IR-based SFRs for all sample galaxies, based on several sets of dust emission templates and SFR indicators. We evaluate the systematic differences and goodness of the different SFR estimations using the deep FIDEL 70 {mu}m data available in the Extended Groth Strip. Typical random uncertainties of the IR-bases SFRs are a factor of two, with non-negligible systematic effects at z {approx}> 1.5 observed when only MIPS 24 {mu}m data are available. All data products (SEDs, postage stamps from imaging data, and different estimations of the photometric redshifts, stellar masses, and SFRs of each galaxy) described in this and the companion paper are publicly available, and they can be accessed through our the Web interface utility Rainbow-navigator.
Some simulation estimates of mean annual increment of douglas-fir: Results, limitations, and implications for management. Forest Service research paper
Curtis, R.O.
Patterns of development of mean annual increment in relation to age predicted by the widely used DFSM, SPS, TASS, and ORGANON simulators were examined. Although predictions differ considerably among simulators for portions of the range of sites, ages, and treatments, comparisons indicated that (1) culmination is relatively late, (2) the curve is relatively flat in the vicinity of culmination, and (3) systematic thinning tends to delay culmination. Harvest ages of 40 to 50 years reduce volume production relative to potential by amounts ranging from moderate to large according to site, treatment regime, and simulator. Within unknown upper limits, moderate extension of rotations to minimize conflicts among timber production and environmental, aesthetic, and wildlife values would not materially reduce long-term volume production and might increase value production.
Levels-of-growing-stock cooperative study in douglas-fir: Report No. 12. The Iron Creek study. 1966-89. Forest Service research paper
Curtis, R.O.; Clendenen, G.W.
This progress report summarizes results of Iron Creek levels-of-growing-stock (LOGS) installation. To age 42, volume growth has been strongly related to growing stock and partially offsets the decrease in growth percent expected with increasing growing stock. Basal area growth-growing stock relations were much weaker. Marked differences in size distributions resulted from thinning. Periodic annual volume increments were two to three times greater than mean annual increment at age 42; this stand is far from culmination. Results are generally similar to those from other installations in the LOGS series.
EUROPHYSICS LETTERS Europhys. Lett., 25 (3), pp. 231-236 (1994)
Andelman, David
Awiv University, Ramat Awiv, Tel Awiv 69978, Israel (**) Institut fir Theoretische' Physik, WE2, Freie
Climate Variability of the Sierra Nevada Over the Last Millennium: Reconstructions from Annually Laminated Sediments in Swamp Lake, Yosemite National Park, CA
Cayan, Daniel R; Charles, Christopher D
bean black oak ponderosa pine insense cedar watershield swaying bulrush Robbin's pondweed douglas fir water
True random numbers from amplified quantum vacuum
M. Jofre; M. Curty; F. Steinlechner; G. Anzolin; J. P. Torres; M. W. Mitchell; V. Pruneri
Random numbers are essential for applications ranging from secure communications to numerical simulation and quantitative finance. Algorithms can rapidly produce pseudo-random outcomes, series of numbers that mimic most properties of true random numbers while quantum random number generators (QRNGs) exploit intrinsic quantum randomness to produce true random numbers. Single-photon QRNGs are conceptually simple but produce few random bits per detection. In contrast, vacuum fluctuations are a vast resource for QRNGs: they are broad-band and thus can encode many random bits per second. Direct recording of vacuum fluctuations is possible, but requires shot-noise-limited detectors, at the cost of bandwidth. We demonstrate efficient conversion of vacuum fluctuations to true random bits using optical amplification of vacuum and interferometry. Using commercially-available optical components we demonstrate a QRNG at a bit rate of 1.11 Gbps. The proposed scheme has the potential to be extended to 10 Gbps and even up to 100 Gbps by taking advantage of high speed modulation sources and detectors for optical fiber telecommunication devices.
TrueWind Solutions | Open Energy Information
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True Electric LLC | Open Energy Information
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The truth about 'The truth about true blue'
Cohen, Jonathan; Hardin, C. L.; McLaughlin, Brian P.
2168. Tye, M. (2006a). True blue. Analysis, 66. Tye, M. (2006b). The truth about true blue. Analysis, 66(4).D. R. (2006). Truest blue. Analysis, 66. Cohen, J. , Hardin,
True Concurrency Semantics of Petri Nets (I) Concurrency Theory
├übrah├Īm, Erika
True Concurrency Semantics of Petri Nets (I) Concurrency Theory True Concurrency Semantics of Petri Nets (I) Joost-Pieter Katoen and Thomas Noll Lehrstuhl f├╝r Informatik 2 Software Modeling and Thomas Noll Concurrency Theory 1/48 True Concurrency Semantics of Petri Nets (I) Overview 1 Introduction
True Masses of Radial-Velocity Exoplanets
Brown, Robert A
We explore the science power of space telescopes used to estimate the true masses of known radial-velocity exoplanets by means of astrometry on direct images. We translate a desired mass accuracy (+/10% in our example) into a minimum goal for the signal-to-noise ratio, which implies a minimum exposure time. When the planet is near a node, the mass measurement becomes difficult if not impossible, because the apparent separation becomes decoupled from the inclination angle of the orbit. The combination of this nodal effect with considerations of solar and anti-solar pointing restrictions, photometric and obscurational completeness, and image blurring due to orbital motion, severely limits the observing opportunities, often to only brief intervals in a five-year mission. We compare the science power of four missions, two with external star shades, EXO-S and WFIRST-S, and two with internal coronagraphs, EXO-C and WFIRST-C. The star shades out-perform the coronagraph in this science program by about a factor of th...
On ōTrust and Being Trueö: Toward a Genealogy of Morals
Lai, Whalen
and Being Trueö: Toward a Genealogy of Morals Whalen LaiThis Nietzschesque ōgenealogy of moralsö presents theclue from Nietzsche whose genealogy of morals has shown how
Sharp, Kim
, Birdsboro, PA seedling Balkan Peninsula 2000-209*B M6 Abies borisii-regis King Boris fir G T. Stokes, Birdsboro, PA seedling Balkan Peninsula 1932-0696*A J19 Abies cephalonica Greek fir G Morris Estate, PA
Lodgepole Pine Management Guidelines
decades or even centuries ago. Others are mixed with pine, Douglas-fir, and aspen at lower elevations. subalpine species such as Engelmann spruce, subalpine fir, and aspen at higher elevations, or with mixed
MixedConifer Forests in Southwest Colorado
-moist zone (upper elevations dominated by white fir, but including Douglas-fir, aspen, and spruce), fire older-aged stands and relatively few younger stands, and susceptibility to insect infestations. Aspen and the presence of Sudden Aspen
Changes in forest structure and the understory plant community of a dry mixed
-fir, white fir, and aspen) for reconstructed 1870, 2003 and 2009 data. Source d.f. SS MS F p, and aspen) for reconstructed 1870, 2003 and 2009 data. Source d.f. SS MS F p
The influence of distance to refuge on flight initiation distance in the gray squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis)
Dill, Lawrence M.
, with Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziezii) the dominant species. The ground surface was packed soil, fine gravel
The effects of in vitro and greenhouse irradiance, fertility, and media on the growth of a hybrid Phalaenopsis orchid
Konow, Elise Ann
, 2ON-8.6-P-16.6K], DynaGro, and Wilder's, was applied to Phalaenopsis Atien Kaala 'TSC 22' plants grown in either fir bark alone or 70% fir bark and 3 0% Canadian sphagnum peat (bark/peat). Plants grown in the fir bark medium with 2ON-2.2P-I 5.8K...
Colorado State University Cooperative Extension. 4/02.
necessary for good germination. Aspen is unique among Colorado forest trees in its ability to sprout new types are pinon pine-juniper; ponderosa pine-Douglas-fir; lodgepole pine; spruce-fir; and aspen. Fire lower in elevation and dryer than the spruce-fir forest types of the subalpine zone. Aspen is Colorado
Spatial variability of throughfall water and chemistry and forest floor water content in a Douglas fir forest stand Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 6(3), 363374 (2002) EGS
Boyer, Edmond
of Environmental Sciences, Energy Research and Process Innovation (TNO-MEP), P.O. Box 342, NL-7300 AH Apeldoorn a field plot. Such studies have not been designed to sample the spatial heterogeneity that normally exists overlook a rich abundance of information found at a higher resolution. For example, individual plants may
Women in STEM: True Self-Knowledge and Achievement Motivation
Kavanaugh, Katherine Elizabeth
of the requirements for the designation as an UNDERGRADUATE RESEARCH SCHOLAR Approved by Research Advisor: Dr. Rebecca Schlegel May 2014 Major: Psychology WomenÆs and Gender Studies TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ABSTRACTģģģģģģģģģģģģģģģģģģģģģģģģģģģģģģģģģ 1.... Rebecca Schlegel Department of Psychology In this study, I will examine whether there is a relationship between true-self knowledge and motivation to remain in a STEM major among female STEM students. Specifically, I hypothesize that a greater...
Using true concurrency to model execution of parallel programs
Ben-Asher, Y.; Farchi, E.
Parallel execution of a program R (intuitively regarded as a partial order) is usually modeled by sequentially executing one of the total orders (interleavings) into which it can be embedded. Our work deviates from this serialization principle by using true concurrency to model parallel execution. True concurrency is represented via completions of R to semi total orders, called time diagrams. These orders are characterized via a set of conditions (denoted by Ct), yielding orders of time diagrams which preserve some degree of the intended parallelism in R. Another way to express semi total orders is to use re-writing or derivation rules (denoted by Cx) which for any program R generates a set of semi-total orders. This paper includes a classification of parallel execution into three classes according to three different types of Ct conditions. For each class a suitable Cx is found and a proof of equivalence between the set of all time diagrams satisfying Ct and the set of all terminal Cx derivations of R is devised. This equivalence between time diagram conditions and derivation rules is used to define a novel notion of correctness for parallel programs. This notion is demonstrated by showing that a specific asynchronous program enforces synchronous execution, which always halts, showing that true concurrency can be useful in the context of parallel program verification.
The path from Hoshin Kanri to True North.
Galaviz, Maria Esther; McCaughey, Kathleen G.
This year completed our 5th cycle of Hoshin Kanri. It has provided a way to summarize our annual strategic planning outcome in a simple format,and a great means to communicate it to employees. It has increased everyone's understanding of the Center's vision and true north. Every employee understands how their work contributes to the Center's success. It has increased focus and alignment in the organization and has increased ESat results with regards to improved alighment. It has tripled the number of shipments and increased productivity by 175% in 7 years.
Microsoft Word - Tad True QER Testimony (2).docx
Broader source: Energy.gov (indexed) [DOE]
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE: Alternative1 First Use of Energy for All Purposes (Fuel and Nonfuel), 2002; Level: National5Sales for4,645 3,625 1,006 492 742Energy ChinaofSchaeferApril 1,(EAC)TABLE OF CONTENTS 1of: U.S.5 J-B-1345 Unlimited91Tad True Vice
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Godefroid, Patrice
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Gemini: A Non-Invasive, Energy-Harvesting True Power Meter Bradford Campbell and Prabal Dutta
Dutta, Prabal
measure voltage (since true power requires sample-by-sample multiplication of current and voltage to the voltage channel they can only measure apparent power, at best, and certainly not true power. A small capable of measuring true power. Two insights enable this design point: 1) a power meter can harvest
Optical Monte Carlo modeling of a true port wine stain anatomy
Barton, Jennifer K.
of accommodating an arbitrarily complex geometry was used to determine the energy deposition in a true port wineOptical Monte Carlo modeling of a true port wine stain anatomy Jennifer Kehlet Barton, T. Joshua nm. At both wavelengths, the greatest energy deposition occurred in the superficial blood vessels
akari-galex all-sky surveys: Topics by E-print Network
Broader source: All U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office Webpages (Extended Search)
We have established formulae to convert FIR luminosity from AKARI bands to the total infrared (IR) luminosity LTIR. With these formulae, we calculated the star formation directly...
Microsoft Word - Luke_Robinson_Thesis_Revision
Broader source: All U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office Webpages (Extended Search)
FIR Finite Impulse Response FFT Fast Fourier Transform LPC Linear Predictive Coding NDE Non Destructive Evaluation PFA Probability of False Alarm PD Probability of Detection PSD...
Assessment of the Portsmouth/Paducah Project Office Conduct of...
Office of Environmental Management (EM)
Quality CR Condition Report CONOPS Conduct of Operations DOE U.S. Department of Energy DUF6 Depleted Uranium Hexafluoride FIR Field Inspection Report FPD Federal Project Director...
abies alba larix: Topics by E-print Network
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so podobne kot pri smreki (Picea abies Karst.). Jelovina ima prednost predvsem tam of Norway spruce (Picea abies Karst.). Fir is favoured where resin is not desired, where...
abies abies alba: Topics by E-print Network
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so podobne kot pri smreki (Picea abies Karst.). Jelovina ima prednost predvsem tam of Norway spruce (Picea abies Karst.). Fir is favoured where resin is not desired, where...
abies alba stands: Topics by E-print Network
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so podobne kot pri smreki (Picea abies Karst.). Jelovina ima prednost predvsem tam of Norway spruce (Picea abies Karst.). Fir is favoured where resin is not desired, where...
abies alba mill: Topics by E-print Network
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so podobne kot pri smreki (Picea abies Karst.). Jelovina ima prednost predvsem tam of Norway spruce (Picea abies Karst.). Fir is favoured where resin is not desired, where...
airborne respirable dust: Topics by E-print Network
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Summary: Interstellar Medium: dust Interstellar dust Dust grains (silicatecarbon cores, ice mantles , 1-2 Thermal emission: mm, submm, FIR (optically thin) 12;Interstellar...
Copyright 2008, SEPM (Society for Sedimentary Geology) 0883-1351/08/0023-0421/$3.00 PALAIOS, 2008, v. 23, p. 421423
Royer, Dana
or C-S-R triangle (Grime, 1977). Importantly, the interrelation- ships among leaf economic traits fossil leaf eco- nomics. The fir
Index des mots-cls Keywords index
Boyer, Edmond
, 445 circum-Mediterranean firs, 823 climate, 439 climate change, 823 climate gradient, 1 climatic maximal light driven electron flow, 163 mechanical property, 317 mechanical strength, 129 Mediterranean
Holden, E.
dawn, even London was quiet. He?d gone over the information Doyle had handed him when he?d left Anita?s place at six a.m., leaving her sleeping in happy exhaustion. He sat in the car with Doyle?s sheaf of notes, going over every item and filing... his attention. He thought about that moment at the house on Romany Road when, faced with death, he had faced his own loneliness. Ridiculous. He had no reason to be lonely. There were women enough in his life -- Anita was a delightful armful...
(b) If x = -3 and y = 2, then we have x < y is true, but x2 Thus, Q(x, y) is false.
Gupta, Himanshu
Hamlet. 5. If a writer wrote Hamlet, then he is a true poet. 2. If a writer is a true poet, then he can
The Living Site and Infrastructure Challenge In pursuit of true sustainability in the built environment
Zaferatos, Nicholas C.
The Living Site and Infrastructure Challenge In pursuit of true sustainability in the built environment Draft Version 1.0 November 2007 #12;NOTIFICATION The Living Site and Infrastructure Challenge - copyright 2007 - Cascadia Region Green Building Council, all rights reserved. The Living Site
Polymer Based Thermo-optic Switch for Optical True Time Delay
Chen, Ray
Polymer Based Thermo-optic Switch for Optical True Time Delay Xiaolong Wanga , Brie Howleya Warfare Center, Newport, RI 02841 Abstract: A thermo-optic switch using total internal reflection interference. One practical way to implement continuous TTD is to integrate polymer based thermo-optic switches
Polymer Waveguides and Thermo-Optic Switches for an Optical True Time Delay Phased Array Antenna
Chen, Ray
Polymer Waveguides and Thermo-Optic Switches for an Optical True Time Delay Phased Array Antenna device size. 2x2 thermo-optic TIR switches were fabricated with insertion losses of 2.8 dB. A 4-bit TTD loss of 23.88 dB. Keywords: Optical Waveguide, Phased Array Antenna, Thermo-Optic Switch, Polymer
Contactless Electromagnetic Active Attack on Ring Oscillator Based True Random Number
Paris-Sud XI, Universit├® de
Contactless Electromagnetic Active Attack on Ring Oscillator Based True Random Number Generator as random masks generators in some side channel attacks countermeasures. As such, they must have good statistical properties, be unpredictable and robust against attacks. This paper presents a contact- less
TrueLink: A Practical Countermeasure to the Wormhole Attack in Wireless Networks
Krishnamurthy, Srikanth
TrueLink: A Practical Countermeasure to the Wormhole Attack in Wireless Networks Jakob Eriksson attack, wireless transmissions are recorded at one location and replayed at another, creating a virtual link under attacker control. Proposed countermeasures to this attack use tight clock synchronization
True to Milankovitch: Glacial Inception in the new Community Climate System Model.
Jochum, Markus
True to Milankovitch: Glacial Inception in the new Community Climate System Model. 1 2 3 4 Markus42 ability of climate models to anticipate the evolution of climate in the future.43 2 #12 Circulation Models (GCMs) have57 failed to reproduce glacial inception, the cooling and increase in snow
May All Your Wishes Come True: A Study of Wishes and How to Recognize Them
Zhu, Xiaojin "Jerry"
were printed on confetti ĘReleased from the sky at midnight in sync with the famous "ball drop" ĘOver desire or hope for something to happen" Ę Open questions in NLP: Ę How are wishes expressed? Ę How can Wishes Come True What is a wish? Formally: wish (n.) "a desire or hope for something to happen" Ę Open
Dialing in color with rare earth metals: facile photoluminescent production of true white light
Tew, Gregory N.
Dialing in color with rare earth metals: facile photoluminescent production of true white light of lanthanide ions which is the focus of this report. Rare earth metal complexes have relatively good Combining polymeric architectures with metal ions produces hybrid materials with extremely rich properties
Approximating the True Evolutionary Distance Between Two Genomes Krister M. Swenson
Moret, Bernard
Approximating the True Evolutionary Distance Between Two Genomes Krister M. Swenson Mark Marron Joel V. Earnest-DeYoung Bernard M.E. Moret Abstract As more and more genomes are sequenced, evolutionary bi- ologists are becoming increasingly interested in evolution at the level of whole genomes
Commissioning of the Varian TrueBeam linear accelerator: A multi-institutional study
Glide-Hurst, C.; Bellon, M.; Wen, N.; Zhao, B.; Chetty, I. J. [Department of Radiation Oncology, Henry Ford Health Systems, Detroit, Michigan 48202 (United States); Foster, R.; Speiser, M.; Solberg, T. [Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75235 (United States); Altunbas, C.; Westerly, D.; Miften, M. [Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado 80045 (United States); Altman, M. [Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110 (United States)
Purpose: Latest generation linear accelerators (linacs), i.e., TrueBeam (Varian Medical Systems, Palo Alto, CA) and its stereotactic counterpart, TrueBeam STx, have several unique features, including high-dose-rate flattening-filter-free (FFF) photon modes, reengineered electron modes with new scattering foil geometries, updated imaging hardware/software, and a novel control system. An evaluation of five TrueBeam linacs at three different institutions has been performed and this work reports on the commissioning experience. Methods: Acceptance and commissioning data were analyzed for five TrueBeam linacs equipped with 120 leaf (5 mm width) MLCs at three different institutions. Dosimetric data and mechanical parameters were compared. These included measurements of photon beam profiles (6X, 6XFFF, 10X, 10XFFF, 15X), photon and electron percent depth dose (PDD) curves (6, 9, 12 MeV), relative photon output factors (Scp), electron cone factors, mechanical isocenter accuracy, MLC transmission, and dosimetric leaf gap (DLG). End-to-end testing and IMRT commissioning were also conducted. Results: Gantry/collimator isocentricity measurements were similar (0.27-0.28 mm), with overall couch/gantry/collimator values of 0.46-0.68 mm across the three institutions. Dosimetric data showed good agreement between machines. The average MLC DLGs for 6, 10, and 15 MV photons were 1.33 {+-} 0.23, 1.57 {+-} 0.24, and 1.61 {+-} 0.26 mm, respectively. 6XFFF and 10XFFF modes had average DLGs of 1.16 {+-} 0.22 and 1.44 {+-} 0.30 mm, respectively. MLC transmission showed minimal variation across the three institutions, with the standard deviation <0.2% for all linacs. Photon and electron PDDs were comparable for all energies. 6, 10, and 15 MV photon beam quality, %dd(10){sub x} varied less than 0.3% for all linacs. Output factors (Scp) and electron cone factors agreed within 0.27%, on average; largest variations were observed for small field sizes (1.2% coefficient of variation, 10 MV, 2 Multiplication-Sign 2 cm{sup 2}) and small cone sizes (<1% coefficient of variation, 6 Multiplication-Sign 6 cm{sup 2} cone), respectively. Conclusions: Overall, excellent agreement was observed in TrueBeam commissioning data. This set of multi-institutional data can provide comparison data to others embarking on TrueBeam commissioning, ultimately improving the safety and quality of beam commissioning.
Physica E 2 (1998) 3943 Full-spectrum optically detected resonance (ODR) spectroscopy
Weinstein, Benard.A.
, Bu alo, NY 14260, USA Abstract Resonant magneto-absorption of far-infrared (FIR) laser radiation that do not involve carrier heating. At high FIR laser intensities, carrier heating e ects dominate; Photoluminescence; Impurities Optically detected resonance (ODR) spectroscopy combines visible=near-infrared
Ecosystem CO2/H2O fluxes are explained by hydraulically limited gas exchange during
(Dendroctonus rufipennis) is the major insect disturbance in the subalpine spruce-fir forests of North America of eddy covariance flux data collected throughout the progression of a spruce beetle (Dendroctonus rufipennis) epidemic in a Wyoming Engelmann spruce (Picea engelmannii)Łsubalpine fir (Abies lasiocarpa
ENG EC516 Digital Signal Processing 2008-2009 Catalog Data
and their properties in relation to application requirements such as real-time, low bandwidth, and low-power operation. Optimal FIR filter design; time-dependent Fourier transform and filterbanks; Hilbert transform relations this course, students should be able to design DSP solutions involving the following topics: 1. Optimal FIR
Signs of Recovery for Colorado Forests in the Wake
and quaking aspen are common in the understory of these study areas. In other locations, lodgepole pine-infested Stands Since 2008, lodgepole pine and subalpine fir seedlings and aspen sprouts have become established and aspen recruits were three times more abundant in harvested stands. Subalpine fir trees were the most
Human detection with a multi-sensors stereovision system
Paris-Sud XI, Universitķ de
Human detection with a multi-sensors stereovision system Y. Benezeth1 , P.M. Jodoin2 , B. Emile3 Far-Infrared (FIR) and daylight cameras mounted on a stereovision setup. Although daylight or FIR together. In order to gauge performances, a quantitative evaluation based on an annotated dataset
Ann. For. Sci. 67 (2010) 805 Available online at: c INRA, EDP Sciences, 2010 www.afs-journal.org
Paris-Sud XI, Universitķ de
to summer water shortage. In a central European context we define drought as a day or a sequence of days of days when the tree water demand exceeded the soil water supply was higher for Douglas-fir than-fir's high sensitivity to limited water supply. Ę Simulated climate change does not substantially alter
Original article Predicted global warming
Boyer, Edmond
Original article Predicted global warming and Douglas-fir chilling requirements DD McCreary1 DP to predicted global warming. Douglas-fir / chilling / global warming / bud burst / reforestation R├®sum├® offer evidence that mean global warming of 3-4 ┬░C could occur within the next century, particularly
Regular Languages A language L is regular if one of the following is true
Waterloo, University of
. Language of the FA: all such words ┬Ę L(M) = {w * where *( q0, w) A} ┬Ę or L(M) = {w * where M accepts w} LRegular Languages A language L is regular if one of the following is true: Regular Expression Language ├? L = ├? L = {} a L = {a} for some a r1* L = L1* for some regular language L1 r1 r2 L = L1 L2
Work report Implementation of true area normalization in OASIS3 CERFACS Working Notes WN-CMGC-12-48
Work report Ł Implementation of true area normalization in OASIS3 CERFACS Working Notes formula (5), (6), (7), true area normalization has been implemented in OASIS3. It should be noted that in OASIS3, there were previously 3 normalization options, DESTAREA, FRACAREA
High Spatial Resolution KAO Far-Infrared Observations of the Central Regions of Infrared-Bright Galaxies
Beverly J. Smith; P. M. Harvey
We present new high spatial resolution Kuiper Airborne Observatory 50 micron and/or 100 micron data for 11 infrared-bright galaxies. We also tabulate previously published KAO data for 11 other galaxies, along with the IRAS data for the bulges of M 31 and M 81. We find that L(FIR)/L(B) and L(FIR)/L(H) correlate with CO (1 - 0) intensity and tau(100). Galaxies with optical or near-infrared signatures of OB stars in their central regions have higher values of I(CO) and tau(100), as well as higher far-infrared surface brightnesses and L(FIR)/L(B) and L(FIR)/L(H) ratios. L(FIR)/L(H(alpha)) does not correlate strongly with CO and tau(100). These results support a scenario in which OB stars dominate dust heating in the more active galaxies and older stars are important in quiescent bulges.
The True-Twin microcalorimeter: a proof-of-concept experiment
Luca Oberto; Luciano Brunetti; Marco Sellone
We present a proof-of-concept experiment to realize microwave primary power standard with a true-twin microcalorimeter. Double feeding line microcalorimeters are widely used by National Metrology Institutes. A drawback concerns the system calibration: traditional processes changes measurement conditions between system characterization and the measurement stage. Nevertheless, if the feeding lines are made twin, a measurement scheme that avoids separate characterization can be applied, equations simplify and time consumption is halved. Here we demonstrates the feasibility of the idea. The result of an effective efficiency spectroscopy of a thermoelectric power sensor is compared with figures obtained with well established methods.
How to Calculate the True Cost of Steam | Department of Energy
Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) Indexed Site
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Google Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page onYouTube YouTube Note: Since the.pdfBreaking of Blythe Solar PowerCommercialEnergy Star|documentHow to Calculate the True
Description of true and delayed ternary nuclear fission accompanied by the emission of various third particles
Kadmensky, S. G., E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com; Kadmensky, S. S.; Lyubashevsky, D. E. [Voronezh State University (Russian Federation)
The mechanisms and the features of the main types of nuclear ternary fission (that is, true ternary fission, in which a third particle is emitted before the rupture of the fissioning nucleus into fragments, and delayed ternary fission, in which a third particle is emitted from fission fragments going apart) are investigated within quantum-mechanical fission theory. The features of T-odd asymmetry in true ternary nuclear fission induced by cold polarized neutrons are investigated for the cases where alpha particles, prescission neutrons, and photons appear as third particles emitted by fissioning nuclei, the Coriolis interaction of the spin of the polarized fissioning nucleus with the spin of the third particle and the interference between the fission amplitudes for neutron resonances excited in the fissioning nucleus in the case of projectile-neutron capture being taken into account. For the cases where third particles emitted by fission fragments are evaporated neutrons or photons, T-odd asymmetries in delayed ternary nuclear fission induced by cold polarized neutrons are analyzed with allowance for the mechanism of pumping of large fission-fragment spins oriented orthogonally to the fragment-emission direction and with allowance for the interference between the fission amplitudes for neutron resonances.
It is with great sadness that we bid a fond aloha pumehana to Professor Klaus Wyrtki, a great scientist, and a true friend and mentor
scientist, and a true friend and mentor to his many students and colleagues throughout the world. He passed
Simulation of Charged Systems in Heterogeneous Dielectric Media via a True Energy Functional
Vikram Jadhao; Francisco J. Solis; Monica Olvera de la Cruz
For charged systems in heterogeneous dielectric media, a key obstacle for molecular dynamics (MD) simulations is the need to solve the Poisson equation in the media. This obstacle can be bypassed using MD methods that treat the local polarization charge density as a dynamic variable, but such approaches require access to a true free energy functional; one that evaluates to the equilibrium electrostatic energy at its minimum. In this letter, we derive the needed functional. As an application, we develop a Car-Parrinello MD method for the simulation of free charges present near a spherical emulsion droplet separating two immiscible liquids with different dielectric constants. Our results show the presence of non-monotonic ionic profiles in the dielectric with lower dielectric constant.
A POPULATION OF DUST-RICH QUASARS AT z {approx} 1.5
Dai, Y. Sophia; Elvis, Martin; Huang Jiasheng; Fazio, Giovanni; Trichas, Markos [Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138 (United States); Bergeron, Jacqueline; Omont, Alain [Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris, UMR7095, 98bis boulevard Arago, F-75014 Paris (France); Bock, Jamie; Vieira, Joaquin D. [California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125 (United States); Cooray, Asantha [Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-4575 (United States); Hatziminaoglou, Evanthia [ESO, Karl-Schwarzschild-Str. 2, 85748 Garching bei Muenchen (Germany); Ibar, Edo [UK Astronomy Technology Centre, Royal Observatory, Blackford Hill, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ (United Kingdom); Magdis, Georgios E.; Rigopoulou, Dimitra [Department of Astrophysics, Oxford University, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH (United Kingdom); Oliver, Seb J. [Astronomy Centre, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QH (United Kingdom); Page, Mathew J.; Symeonidis, Myrto [Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London, Holmbury St. Mary, Dorking, Surrey RH5 6NT (United Kingdom); Perez-Fournon, Ismael [Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias (IAC), E-38200 La Laguna, Tenerife (Spain); Roseboom, Isaac G. [Institute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Royal Observatory, Blackford Hill, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ (United Kingdom); Scott, Douglas, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1 (Canada); and others
We report Herschel SPIRE (250, 350, and 500 {mu}m) detections of 32 quasars with redshifts 0.5 {<=}z < 3.6 from the Herschel Multi-tiered Extragalactic Survey (HerMES). These sources are from a MIPS 24 {mu}m flux-limited sample of 326 quasars in the Lockman Hole Field. The extensive multi-wavelength data available in the field permit construction of the rest-frame spectral energy distributions (SEDs) from ultraviolet to the mid-infrared for all sources, and to the far-infrared (FIR) for the 32 objects. Most quasars with Herschel FIR detections show dust temperatures in the range of 25-60 K, with a mean of 34 K. The FIR luminosities range from 10{sup 11.3} to 10{sup 13.5} L{sub Sun }, qualifying most of their hosts as ultra- or hyper-luminous infrared galaxies. These FIR-detected quasars may represent a dust-rich population, but with lower redshifts and fainter luminosities than quasars observed at {approx}1 mm. However, their FIR properties cannot be predicted from shorter wavelengths (0.3-20 {mu}m, rest frame), and the bolometric luminosities derived using the 5100 A index may be underestimated for these FIR-detected quasars. Regardless of redshift, we observed a decline in the relative strength of FIR luminosities for quasars with higher near-infrared luminosities.
True ternary fission, the collinear cluster tripartition (CCT) of {sup 252}Cf
Oertzen, W. von; Pyatkov, Y. V.; Kamanin, D. [Helmholtz Zentrum, D14109 Berlin (Germany); Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions, JINR, Dubna, Moscow region (Russian Federation); Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions, JINR, Dubna, Moscow region (Russian Federation) and Helmholtz Zentrum, D14109 Berlin (Germany)
In systematic work over the last decade (see Pyatkov et al. [12] and refs therein), the ternary fission decay of heavy nuclei, in {sup 235}U(n,fff) and {sup 252}Cf(sf) has been studied in a collinear geometry. The name used for this process is (CCT), with three fragments of similar size in a collinear decay, it is the true ternary fission. This decay has been observed in spontaneous fission as well as in a neutron induced reaction. The measurements are based on different experimental set-ups, with binary coincidences containing TOF and energy determinations. With two detector telescopes placed at 180 Degree-Sign , the measurements of masses and energies of each of the registered two fragments, give complete kinematic solutions. Thus the missing mass events in binary coincidences can be determined, these events are obtained by blocking one of the lighter fragments on a structure in front of the detectors. The relatively high yield of CCT (more than 10{sup -3} per binary fission) is explained. It is due to the favourable Q-values (more positive than for binary) and the large phase space of the ternary CCT-decay, dominated by three (magic) clusters: e.g. isotopes of Sn, Ca and Ni, {sup 132}Sn+{sup 50}Ca+{sup 70}Ni. It is shown that the collinear (prolate) geometry has the favoured potential energy relative to the oblate shapes. The ternary fission is considered to be a sequential process. With this assumption the kinetic energies of the fragments have been calculated by Vijay et al.. The third fragments have very low kinetic energies (below 20 MeV) and have thus escaped their detection in previous work on 'ternary fission', where in addition an oblate shape and a triangle for the momentum vectors have been assumed.
Reveal the True Biology: Exploiting Single-Molecule Real-Time DNA Sequencing for Improved Microbial Assembly and Methylome Analysis ( 7th Annual SFAF Meeting, 2012)
Turner, Steve [Pacific Biosciences
Steve Turner's talk "Reveal the True Biology" at the 2012 Sequencing, Finishing, Analysis in the Future Meeting held June 5-7, 2012 in Santa Fe, New Mexico.
Characterization of the first true coaxial 18-fold segmented n-type prototype detector for the GERDA project
I. Abt; A. Caldwell; D. Gutknecht; K. Kr÷ninger; M. Lampert; X. Liu; B. Majorovits; D. Quirion; F. Stelzer; P. Wendling
The first true coaxial 18-fold segmented n-type HPGe prototype detector produced by Canberra-France for the GERDA neutrinoless double beta-decay project was tested both at Canberra-France and at the Max-Planck-Institut fuer Physik in Munich. The main characteristics of the detector are given and measurements concerning detector properties are described. A novel method to establish contacts between the crystal and a Kapton cable is presented.
P-odd, P-even, and T-odd asymmetries in true quaternary fission of nuclei
Kadmensky, S. G., E-mail: email@example.com; Titova, L. V. [Voronezh State University (Russian Federation)] [Voronezh State University (Russian Federation)
The coefficients of P-odd, P-even, and T -odd asymmetries for a third and a fourth prescission particle emitted in the true quaternary fission of nuclei that was induced by polarized cold neutrons were studied on the basis of quantum-mechanical fission theory. By using non-evaporation (nonadiabatic) mechanisms of light-particle emission, these coefficients were compared with the analogous coefficients for prescission third particles emitted in the ternary fission of nuclei.
Digital microfluidics: is a true lab-on-a-chip possible? Received: 10 February 2007 / Accepted: 14 February 2007 / Published online: 8 March 2007
Ferrari, Silvia
REVIEW Digital microfluidics: is a true lab-on-a-chip possible? R. B. Fair Received: 10 February The suitability of electrowetting-on-dielectric (EWD) microfluidics for true lab-on-a-chip applications be performed on a digital microfluidic platform? And, are there other advantages offered by electrowetting
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS--II: ANALOG AND DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING, VOL. 46, NO. 8, AUGUST 1999 1035 An Improved Weighted Least-Squares Design
Lu, Wu-Sheng
, AUGUST 1999 1035 An Improved Weighted Least-Squares Design for Variable Fractional Delay FIR Filters Wu, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada V8W 3P6. T.-B. Deng is with the Department of Information
The Astrophysical Journal, 751:144 (16pp), 2012 June 1 doi:10.1088/0004-637X/751/2/144 C 2012. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved. Printed in the U.S.A.
Draine, Bruce T.
of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia Received 2011 November 28; accepted 2012 energy distribution (SED) modeling indicates that at most 25% of the FIR power in the ring and Enuc
Updated 9/18/13 Jeremy Scott Johnson
of genomics on ecological biogeography. Progress in Physical Geography Maps: "Figure 1. Our water project area genetics and genomics into ecological biogeography: A case study using Douglas Fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii
Journal of Applied Ecology 2009, 46, 511515 doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2009.01641.x 2009 The Author. Journal compilation 2009 British Ecological Society
He, Fangliang
. Keywords: Baiji, Beshanzu fir, biodiversity conservation, China, economic growth, environmental protection The Author. Journal compilation ® 2009 British Ecological Society Blackwell Publishing Ltd FORUM Priceof prosperity:economicdevelopmentandbiological conservation in China ( ) Fangliang He Department of Renewable
190 Frederic Y. M. Wan and Keith Anderson 1. Introduction
Wan, Frederic Yui-Ming
and to the forest industry, albeit for different reasons. Private logging companies are keenly interested Columbia Douglas fir was worth $1000 (after harvesting cost) for timber production in 1967, while a 30-year
190 USDA Forest Service Proceedings RMRS-P-63. 2011. Abstract--Bark beetle-caused tree mortality in conifer forests
in the genus Dendroctonus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Scolytinae) are native insects that play an important beetle (D. rufipennis Kirby) in Engelmann spruce, Douglas-fir beetle (D. pseudotsugae Hopkins) in Douglas
POPULATION ECOLOGY Bjrn kland Andrew M. Liebhold
Erbilgin, Nadir
time series for six tree-killing bark beetle species: Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmer- mann (the Southern fir beetle), D. rufipennis (Kirby) (the North American spruce beetle), Ips perturbatus (Eichhoff
fire & fuels management Spruce Beetle-Induced Changes to Engelmann
engelmannii Parry ex Engelm) stands affected by the spruce beetle (Dendroctonus rufipennis Kirby) represent agents of distur- bance in spruce-fir forests are fire and the spruce beetle (Dendrocto- nus rufipennis
analog signal transfer: Topics by E-print Network
Broader source: All U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office Webpages (Extended Search)
40-48, Jan. 1994. 8 C. D. Mc from the ECG by an efficient FIR filter with reduced number of taps," IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng., volIEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS--II:...
Appendix 33 Forest Resources of the Flathead National Forest
, ponderosa pine, and aspen forest types also occur. #12;2 Figure 3--Area by forest type and habitat type Grand fir Aspen Ponderosa pine Forest type refers to the predominant tree species in a stand, based
Soil compaction and organic matter affect conifer seedling nonmycorrhizal and ectomycorrhizal root tip abundance and diversity. Forest Service research paper
Amaranthus, M.P.; Page-Dumroese, D.; Harvey, A.; Cazares, E.; Bednar, L.F.
Three levels of organic matter removal (bole only; bole and crowns; and bole, crowns, and forest floor) and three levels of mechanical soil compaction (no compaction, moderate compaction, and severe soil compaction) were studied as they influence Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca (Beissn.) Franco) and western white pine (Pinus monticola Dougl. ex D. Don) seedlings following outplanting. Moderate and severe soil compaction significantly reduced nonmycorrhizal root tip abundance on both Douglas-fir and western white pine seedlings (p less than or equal to 0.05). Ectomycorrhizal root tip abundance was significantly reduced on Douglas-fir seedlings in severely compacted areas with bole and crowns and bole, crowns, and forest floor removed. Ectomycorrhizal diversity also was significantly reduced on Douglas-fir seedlings in all severely compacted areas.
adaptive equalization algorithm: Topics by E-print Network
Broader source: All U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office Webpages (Extended Search)
Equalizers can be used to remove this ISI and recover the transmitted information. Fast (FBE) to remove ISI. Such a DFE requires many FIR taps for long cable lengths, increasing...
adaptive iir notch: Topics by E-print Network
Broader source: All U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office Webpages (Extended Search)
Equalizers can be used to remove this ISI and recover the transmitted information. Fast (FBE) to remove ISI. Such a DFE requires many FIR taps for long cable lengths, increasing...
From channel modeling to signal processing for Bit patterned media recording
Karakulak, Seyhan
with FIR f (D) and with a 1-D target g(D) for BPM recordingof timing window for BPM recording. . . . . . . . Figure 3.1for bit-patterned me- dia (BPM) recording channels. The
Wu, Dapeng Oliver
) Helium neon (NIR) Erbium (NIR) Helium neon (NIR) Hydrogen fluoride (NIR) Carbon dioxide (FIR) Carbon. These three properties of laser light are what can make it more hazardous than ordinary light. Laser light can dioxide (FIR) 0.594 0.610 0.627 0.633 0.647 0.570-0.650 0.694 0.840 1.064 1.
SU-D-19A-04: Parameter Characterization of Electron Beam Monte Carlo Phase Space of TrueBeam Linacs
Rodrigues, A; Yin, F; Wu, Q [Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (United States); Medical Physics Graduate Program, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (United States); Sawkey, D [Varian Medical Systems, Palo Alto, CA (United States)
Purpose: For TrueBeam Monte Carlo simulations, Varian does not distribute linac head geometry and material compositions, instead providing a phase space file (PSF) for the users. The PSF has a finite number of particle histories and can have very large file size, yet still contains inherent statistical noises. The purpose of this study is to characterize the electron beam PSF with parameters. Methods: The PSF is a snapshot of all particles' information at a given plane above jaws including type, energy, position, and directions. This study utilized a preliminary TrueBeam PSF, of which validation against measurement is presented in another study. To characterize the PSF, distributions of energy, position, and direction of all particles are analyzed as piece-wise parameterized functions of radius and polar angle. Subsequently, a pseudo PSF was generated based on this characterization. Validation was assessed by directly comparing the true and pseudo PSFs, and by using both PSFs in the down-stream MC simulations (BEAMnrc/DOSXYZnrc) and comparing dose distributions for 3 applicators at 15 MeV. Statistical uncertainty of 4% was limited by the number of histories in the original PSF. Percent depth dose (PDD) and orthogonal (PRF) profiles at various depths were evaluated. Results: Preliminary results showed that this PSF parameterization was accurate, with no visible differences between original and pseudo PSFs except at the edge (6 cm off axis), which did not impact dose distributions in phantom. PDD differences were within 1 mm for R{sub 7} {sub 0}, R{sub 5} {sub 0}, R{sub 3} {sub 0}, and R{sub 1} {sub 0}, and PRF field size and penumbras were within 2 mm. Conclusion: A PSF can be successfully characterized by distributions for energy, position, and direction as parameterized functions of radius and polar angles; this facilitates generating sufficient particles at any statistical precision. Analyses for all other electron energies are under way and results will be included in the presentation.
Analytical modeling of pulse-pileup distortion using the true pulse shape; applications to Fermi-GBM
Vandiver Chaplin; Narayana Bhat; Michael Briggs; Valerie Connaughton
Pulse-pileup affects most photon counting systems and occurs when photon detections occur faster than the detector's registration and recovery time. At high input rates, shaped pulses interfere and the source spectrum, as well as intensity information, get distorted. For instruments using bipolar pulse shaping there are two aspects to consider: `peak' and `tail' pileup effects, which raise and lower the measured energy, respectively. Peak effects have been extensively modeled in the past. Tail effects have garnered less attention due to the increased complexity: bipolar tails mean the tail pulse-height measurement depends on events in more than one time interval. We leverage previous work to derive an accurate, semi-analytical prediction for peak and tail pileup, up to high orders. We use the true pulse shape from the detectors of the Fermi Gamma-ray Burst Monitor. The measured spectrum is calculated by writing exposure time as a state-space expansion of overlapping pileup states and is valid up to very high rates. This expansion models losses due to fixed and extendable deadtime by averaging overlap configurations. Additionally, the model correctly predicts energy-dependent losses due to tail subtraction (sub-threshold) effects. We discuss pileup losses in terms of the true rate of photon detections versus the recorded count rate.
On the prediction of far field computational aeroacoustics of advanced propellers
Jaeger, Stephen Mark
by the following expressions: 10 4. P, (?, t) = ? J' . drd. cI f p a V? at Jt=o It sin vR g=g (4) 4 P, '(, , t) = ? J, dl'd + J, dpd (5) f lR f a lR ot Jt=o RsinvR Jt=o fir sin vR O=O g=g where r is the source time, t, is the observer time and vR is the angle.... : r)P e ? = ? 7' P. cits p (28) This equation describes the propagation of small amplitude pressure waves. By comparing Equation (28) to the wave equation in terms of 4, it is noted that the equations are analogous if a = e/p. This will be true...
Radikovic, Adrijan Silvester
Previous research from environmental psychology shows that human well-being suffers in windowless environments in many ways and a window view of nature is psychologically and physiologically beneficial to humans. Current window substitutes, still...
Probabilities for the emission of light particles and their energy and angular distributions for true quaternary nuclear fission
Kadmensky, S. G., E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com; Titova, L. V. [Voronezh State University (Russian Federation)] [Voronezh State University (Russian Federation)
On the basis of quantum-mechanical fission theory, the features of true quaternary nuclear fission are studied by treating this fission process as a sequence of three processes following one another in the course of time. The first two processes are the escape of the first and then the second of the two light particles emitted from the neck of a fissioning nucleus because of a nonadiabatic character of the collective deformation motion of this nucleus. Finally, the third process is the separation of the fissioning nucleus into two rather heavy fission fragments. The differences that arise in the emission probabilities and in the angular and energy distributions upon going over from the first emitted to the second emitted prescission third and fourth particles are analyzed by invoking experimental data on the spontaneous and thermalneutron-induced fission of nuclei, and it is shown that these differences are caused by the changes both in the geometric configuration of the fissioning nucleus and in the shell structure of its neck after the first prescission particle is emitted from it.
Spitzer Quasar and ULIRG Evolution Study (QUEST): II. The Spectral Energy Distributions of Palomar-Green Quasars
Hagai Netzer; Dieter Lutz; Mario Schweitzer; Alessandra Contursi; Eckhard Sturm; Linda J. Tacconi; Sylvain Veilleux; D. -C. Kim; David Rupke; Andrew J. Baker; Kalliopi Dasyra; Joseph Mazzarella; Steven Lord
This is the second paper studying the QSOs in the spitzer QUEST sample. Previously we presented new PAH measurements and argued that most of the observed far infrared (FIR) radiation is due to star-forming activity. Here we present spectral energy distributions (SEDs) by supplementing our data with optical, NIR and FIR observations. We define two sub-groups of ``weak FIR'' and ``strong FIR'' QSOs, and a third group of FIR non-detections. Assuming a starburst origin for the FIR, we obtain ``intrinsic'' AGN SEDs by subtracting a starburst template from the mean SEDs. The resulting SEDs are remarkably similar for all groups. They show three distinct peaks corresponding to two silicate emission features and a 3mic bump that we interpret as the signature of the hottest AGN dust. They also display drops beyond 20mic that we interpret as the signature of the minimum temperature (about 200K) dust. This component must be optically thin to explain the silicate emission and the slope of the long wavelength continuum. We discuss the merits of an alternative model where most of the FIR emission is due to AGN heating. Such models are unlikely to explain the properties of our QSOs but they cannot be ruled out for more luminous objects. We also find correlations between the luminosity at 5100A and two infrared starburst indicators: L(60mic) and L(PAH 7.7mic). The correlation of L(5100A) with L(60mic) can be used to measure the relative growth rates and lifetimes of the black hole and the new stars.
Salt plays an important role in our daily lives. True, salt makes our food tastier, but perhaps its most significant role is as an ingredient in
Waliser, Duane E.
Salt plays an important role in our daily lives. True, salt makes our food tastier, but perhaps its, or the concentration of salt at the ocean's surface, gives scientists vital information on global ocean circulation changes, so does salinity! Ocean salinity is affected by the water cycle. As salt water evaporates
theory isn't very popular, but it's true.' More seriously, James Hartle and Don Page consider the current view on
Elliott, James
theory isn't very popular, but it's true.' More seriously, James Hartle and Don Page consider the current view on what a `final' theory is. It should predict the `regularities that are exhibited by all first need a universal dynamical law such as string theory or M-theory. Page notes that it is this alone
Generation and characterization of superradiant undulator radiation
Bocek, D.
High-power, pulsed, coherent, far-infrared (FIR) radiation has many scientific applications, such as pump-probe studies of surfaces, liquids, and solids, studies of high-T{sub c} superconductors, biophysics, plasma diagnostics, and excitation of Rydberg atoms. Few sources of such FIR radiation currently exist. Superradiant undulator radiation produced at the SUNSHINE (Stanford UNiversity SHort INtense Electron-source) is such a FIR source. First proposed in the mm-wave spectral range by Motz, superradiant undulator radiation has been realized in the 45 {micro}m to 300 {micro}m spectral range by using sub-picosecond electron bunches produced by the SUNSHINE facility. The experimental setup and measurements of this FIR radiation are reported in this thesis. In addition, to being a useful FIR source, the superradiant undulator radiation produced at SUNSHINE is an object of research in itself. Measured superlinear growth of the radiated energy along the undulator demonstrates the self-amplification of radiation by the electron bunch. This superlinear growth is seen at 47 {micro}m to 70 {micro}m wavelengths. These wavelengths are an order of magnitude shorter than in previous self-amplification demonstrations.
Method and apparatus for identifying conductive objects by monitoring the true resistive component of impedance change in a coil system caused by the object
Gregory, William D. (Vienna, VA); Capots, Larry H. (McLean, VA); George, James P. (Falls Church, VA); Janik, Richard (Arlington, VA)
The type of conductor, its property, and if a metal, its type and cross-sectional area can be obtained from measurements made at different frequencies for the amount of unbalance created in a previously balanced stable coil detection system. The true resistive component is accurately measured and thus reflects only the voltage loss attributable to eddy currents caused by introduction of the test sample to the coil system. This voltage divided by corresponding applied frequency gives a curve which peaks at a frequency dependent upon type of conductor. For a metal this peak frequency is proportional to the samples resistivity divided by its cross-sectional area.
Systematic uncertainties of artificial neural-network pulse-shape discrimination for $0???$-decay searches using true-coaxial HPGe detectors
A. Caldwell; F. Cossavella; B. Majorovits; D. Palioselitis; O. Volynets
A pulse-shape discrimination method based on artificial neural networks was applied to pulses simulated for different background, signal and signal-like interactions inside a germanium detector. The simulated pulses were used to investigate variations of efficiencies as a function of used training set. It is verified that neural networks are well-suited to identify background pulses in true-coaxial high-purity germanium detectors. The systematic uncertainty on the signal recognition efficiency derived using signal-like evaluation samples from calibration measurements is estimated to be 5\\%. This uncertainty is due to differences between signal and calibration samples.
Common Nesting Bird Species Common Name Latin Name AOU Code
Martin, Thomas E.
-25 m Aspen/Maple AUWA 4 2 14 14 2-16 m Maple/Fir BHGR 3.5 1 12.5 12 2-5 m Maple/Fir WETA 3.5 1 13 10 4 Excavators ACWO 4.5 1 11.5 31 0 % Aspen WISA 5.5 1 13 31.5 28 % Aspen RNSA 5.5 1 13 27 12 % Aspen DOWO 4.5 1.5 12 22.5 0 % Aspen HAWO 4 1 14 29 0 % Aspen RSFL 7.5 1.5 11.5 26.5 56 % Aspen/Fir PYNU 7 1 15.5 22 57
Stand characteristics of 65-year-old planted and naturally regenerated stands near Sequim, Washington. Forest Service research paper
Miller, R.E.; Anderson, H.W.
Tree numbers, height, and volume were determined in six 63- to 66-year-old plantations of coast Douglas-fir (Pseudotsunga menziesii) (Mirb.) Franco var. menziesii in northwest Washington. These stands resulted from the first extensive plantings of this species in the Pacific Northwest. Data from 0.25-acre plots in these plantations were compared to those from matched plots in adjacent, naturally regenerated stands with the same history of logging, wildfire, and absence of further siviculture after regeneration. Planting resulted in well-stocked Douglas-fir stands with volunteers of other tree species. Natural seeding resulted in similarly stocked stands of western hemlock (Tsunga heterophylla) (Raf.) (Sarg.) with Douglas-fir in the dominant crown class.
Highly tunable quantum Hall far-infrared photodetector by use of GaAs/Al{sub x}Ga{sub 1?x}As-graphene composite material
Tang, Chiu-Chun [Department of Physics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan (China); Ling, D. C. [Department of Physics, Tamkang University, Tamsui Dist., New Taipei City 25137, Taiwan (China); Chi, C. C.; Chen, Jeng-Chung [Department of Physics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan (China); Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan (China)
We have developed a highly tunable, narrow band far-infrared (FIR) photodetector which utilizes the characteristic merits of graphene and two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) in GaAs/Al{sub x}Ga{sub 1?x}As heterostructure in the Quantum Hall states (QHS). The heterostructure surface is covered with chemical vapor-deposited graphene, which functions as a transparent top-gate to vary the electron density of the 2DEG. FIR response observed in the vicinity of integer QH regime can be effectively tuned in a wide range of 27¢102?cm{sup ?1} with a bias voltage less than ?1?V. In addition, we have found that the presence of graphene can genuinely modulate the photoresponse. Our results demonstrate a promising direction for realizing a tunable long-wavelength FIR detector using QHS in GaAs 2DEG/ graphene composite material.
Highly stocked coniferous stands on the Olympic Peninsula: chemical composition and implications for harvest strategy. Forest Service research paper
Little, S.N.; Waddell, D.R.
This report presents an assessment of macronutrients and their distribution within highly stocked, stagnant stands of mixed conifers on the Quilcene Ranger District, Olympic National Forest, northwest Washington. These stands consisted of predominantly three species: western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla), coast Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menzeisii), and western redcedar (Thuja plicata). Preliminary investigation suggests that the living crown contains a small portion of the nutrient capital on the site. Extracting this material from the site during harvest or site preparation should not pose a threat to future production of biomass. Bioassays suggested that no macronutrients were deficient for growth of Douglas-fir seedlings.
The emission spectra of radioweak quasars. I. The farinfrared emission
Martina Niemeyer; Peter L. Biermann
We model farinfrared (FIR) spectra of radioweak quasars with the assumption that the emission is from heated dust, and that the heating is due to the central engine via energetic particles. These energetic particles are diffusing from a postulated source near the central engine through a tenuous galactic halo to arrive at the dust which is taken to be in molecular clouds in a disk configuration. This picture does not depend on a particular geometry of the disk such as warps. This concept can readily reproduce the range of observed mm/submm/FIR/IR spectra.
Optical Spectra of Dusty Starbursts
B. M. Poggianti
This contribution presents the optical spectral properties of FIR-luminous galaxies, whose distinctive feature is often the simultaneous presence in the spectra of a strong $\\rm H\\delta$ line in absorption and of emission lines (e(a) spectra). A discrepancy between the star formation rate estimated from the FIR luminosity and that derived from the $\\rm H\\alpha$ luminosity persists even after having corrected the $\\rm H\\alpha$ flux for dust according to the observed Balmer decrement. It is shown that the e(a) spectrum can be reproduced assuming a current starburst and dust extinction affecting the youngest stellar populations much more than the older stars.
Optical layout and mechanical structure of polarimeter-interferometer system for Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak
Zou, Z. Y.; Liu, H. Q., E-mail: email@example.com; Jie, Y. X.; Wang, Z. X.; Shen, J. S.; An, Z. H.; Yang, Y.; Zeng, L.; Wei, X. C.; Li, G. S.; Zhu, X. [Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031 (China); Ding, W. X.; Brower, D. L. [Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095 (United States); Lan, T. [Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026 (China)
A Far-InfaRed (FIR) three-wave POlarimeter-INTerferometer (POINT) system for measurement current density profile and electron density profile is under development for the EAST tokamak. The FIR beams are transmitted from the laser room to the optical tower adjacent to EAST via ?20 m overmoded dielectric waveguide and then divided into 5 horizontal chords. The optical arrangement was designed using ZEMAX, which provides information on the beam spot size and energy distribution throughout the optical system. ZEMAX calculations used to optimize the optical layout design are combined with the mechanical design from CATIA, providing a 3D visualization of the entire POINT system.
Poles as the only true resonant-state signals extracted from a worldwide collection of partial-wave amplitudes using only one, well controlled pole-extraction method
Hadzimehmedovic, M.; Osmanovic, H.; Stahov, J. [Univerzity of Tuzla, Faculty of Science, Univerzitetska 4, 75000 Tuzla (Bosnia and Herzegowina); Ceci, S.; Svarc, A. [Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Bijenicka cesta 54, P.O. Box 180, HR-10002 Zagreb (Croatia)
Each and every energy-dependent partial-wave analysis is parametrizing the pole positions in a procedure defined by the way the continuous energy dependence is implemented. These pole positions are, henceforth, inherently model dependent. To reduce this model dependence, we use only one, coupled-channel, unitary, fully analytic method based on the isobar approximation to extract the pole positions from each available member of the worldwide collection of partial-wave amplitudes, which are understood as nothing more but a good energy-dependent representation of genuine experimental numbers assembled in a form of partial-wave data. In that way, the model dependence related to the different assumptions on the analytic form of the partial-wave amplitudes is avoided, and the true confidence limit for the existence of a particular resonant state, at least in one model, is established. The way the method works and first results are demonstrated for the S{sub 11} partial wave.
We Can Remember It for You Wholesale: Implications of Data Remanence on the Use of RAM for True Random Number Generation on RFID Tags (RFIDSec 2009)
Saxena, Nitesh
Random number generation is a fundamental security primitive for RFID devices. However, even this relatively simple requirement is beyond the capacity of today's average RFID tag. A recently proposed solution, Fingerprint Extraction and Random Number Generation in SRAM (FERNS) [14, 15], involves the use of onboard RAM as the source of "true" randomness. Unfortunately, practical considerations prevent this approach from reaching its full potential. First, this method must compete with other system functionalities for use of memory. Thus, the amount of uninitialized RAM available for utilization as a randomness generator may be severely restricted. Second, RAM is subject to data remanence; there is a time period after losing power during which stored data remains intact in memory. This means that after a portion of memory has been used for entropy collection once it will require a relatively extended period of time without power before it can be reused. In a usable RFID based security application, which require...
SU-E-T-128: Dosimetric Evaluation of MLC Modeling in Pinnacle V9.2 for Varian TrueBeam STx
Otageri, P; Grant, E; Maricle, S; Mathews, B [CARTI, Inc., Little Rock, AR (United States)
Purpose: To evaluate the effects of MLC modeling after commissioning the Varian TrueBeam LINAC in Pinnacle version 9.2. Methods: Stepand-shoot IMRT QAs were investigated when we observed our measured absolute dose results using ion chamber (Capintec PR-05P) were uncharacteristically low; about 4¢5% compared to doses calculated by Pinnacle{sup 3} (Phillips, Madison, WI). This problem was predominant for large and highly modulated head and neck (HN) treatments. Intuitively we knew this had to be related to shortcomings in the MLC modeling in Pinnacle. Using film QA we were able to iteratively adjust the MLC parameters. We confirmed results by re-testing five failed IMRT QA patients; and ion chamber measurements were verified in Quasar anthropomorphic phantom. Results: After commissioning the LINAC in Pinnacle version 9.2, the MLC transmission for 6X, 10X and 15X were 2.0%, 1.7% and 2.0%, respectively, and additional Interleaf leakage for all three energies was 0.5%. These parameters were obtained from profiles scanned with an Edge detector (Sun Nuclear, Melbourne, FL) during machine commissioning. A Verification testing with radiographic EDR2 film (Kodak, Rochester, NY) measurement was performed by creating a closed MLC leaf pattern and analyzing using RIT software (RIT, Colorado Springs, CO). This reduced MLC transmission for 6X, 10X and 15X to 0.7%, 0.9% and 0.9%, respectively; while increasing additional Interleaf leakage for all three energies to 1.0%. Conclusion: Radiographic film measurements were used to correct MLC transmission values for step and shoot IMRT fields used in Pinnacle version 9.2. After adjusting the MLC parameters to correlate with the film QA, there was still very good agreement between the Pinnacle model and commissioning data. Using the same QA methodology, we were also able to improve the beam models for the Varian C-series linacs, Novalis-Tx, and TrueBeam M-120 linacs.
28/05/2008 18:53Malaria parasites fine-tune offspring's gender: study | Health | Reuters Page 1 of 2http://www.reuters.com/article/healthNews/idUSL2887819620080528?sp=true
Gardner, Andy
28/05/2008 18:53Malaria parasites fine-tune offspring's gender: study | Health | Reuters Page 1 of 2http://www.reuters.com/article/healthNews/idUSL2887819620080528?sp=true ┬ź $ - Learn. Practice 2007 Broker Center sponsored links You are here: Home > News > Health > Article Reuters Widgets Get
Maximum Entropy Method and Charge Flipping, a Powerful Combination to Visualize the True Nature of Structural Disorder from in situ X-ray Powder Diffraction Data
Samy, A.; Dinnebier, R; van Smaalen, S; Jansen, M
In a systematic approach, the ability of the Maximum Entropy Method (MEM) to reconstruct the most probable electron density of highly disordered crystal structures from X-ray powder diffraction data was evaluated. As a case study, the ambient temperature crystal structures of disordered {alpha}-Rb{sub 2}[C{sub 2}O{sub 4}] and {alpha}-Rb{sub 2}[CO{sub 3}] and ordered {delta}-K{sub 2}[C{sub 2}O{sub 4}] were investigated in detail with the aim of revealing the 'true' nature of the apparent disorder. Different combinations of F (based on phased structure factors) and G constraints (based on structure-factor amplitudes) from different sources were applied in MEM calculations. In particular, a new combination of the MEM with the recently developed charge-flipping algorithm with histogram matching for powder diffraction data (pCF) was successfully introduced to avoid the inevitable bias of the phases of the structure-factor amplitudes by the Rietveld model. Completely ab initio electron-density distributions have been obtained with the MEM applied to a combination of structure-factor amplitudes from Le Bail fits with phases derived from pCF. All features of the crystal structures, in particular the disorder of the oxalate and carbonate anions, and the displacements of the cations, are clearly obtained. This approach bears the potential of a fast method of electron-density determination, even for highly disordered materials. All the MEM maps obtained in this work were compared with the MEM map derived from the best Rietveld refined model. In general, the phased observed structure factors obtained from Rietveld refinement (applying F and G constraints) were found to give the closest description of the experimental data and thus lead to the most accurate image of the actual disorder.
Blind Equalization via Approximate Maximum Likelihood Source Seungjin CHOI x1 and Andrzej CICHOCKI y
Choi, Seungjin
Blind Equalization via Approximate Maximum Likelihood Source Separation Seungjin CHOI x1, RIKEN 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi Saitama 351-0198, JAPAN Abstract Blind equalization of single input multiple output (SIMO) FIR channels can be refor- mulated as the problem of blind source separation
RECURSIVE BLIND EQUALIZATION WITH AN OPTIMAL BOUNDING ELLIPSOID M. Pouliquen, M. Frikel, M. Denoual
Paris-Sud XI, Universitķ de
RECURSIVE BLIND EQUALIZATION WITH AN OPTIMAL BOUNDING ELLIPSOID ALGORITHM M. Pouliquen, M. email@example.com ABSTRACT In this paper, we present an algorithm for blind equalization i.e. equalization without training some simulations are performed. Index Terms-- Blind Equalization, FIR equalizer. 1. INTRODUCTION
Bibliography [AB94] M. Alencar and I. Blake. The capacity for a discrete
Verd·, Sergio
, 1995. [AC97] S. Amari and J. Cardoso. Blind source separationŁ semiparametric statistical approachŁSpectrum communication systems. PhD thesis, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Mass, Sept. 1996. [AD62] E. Arthurs. Moulines. SubŁ space blind identification of multichannel FIR with unŁ known spatial covariance. IEEE
Original article Micronutrients in biomass fractions
Boyer, Edmond
Original article Micronutrients in biomass fractions of holm oak, beech and fir forests biomass fractions in individual monospecific stands of holm oak (Quercus ilex L), beech (Fagus sylvatica L in different biomass fractions of the holm oak forest studied. This can be related to the low soil pH values
(1) Determine how topography is related to the spatial distribution
and cool dry summers. Dominant tree species include Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii), western hemlock and 3). Terrain is rugged and steep, with a dense network of streams and a climate with warm wet winters-fire salvage b. Stand Basal Area vs Dead Wood Volume 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 Volume
Far-Infrared Dielectric Properties of Polar Liquids Probed by Femtosecond Terahertz Pulse Spectroscopy
the microwave and the FIR regions; the motions that are probed at these frequencies bridge the gap between bulk to study gases,2 semiconductors,3 super- conductors,4 dielectrics,5 nonpolar liquids,6 and water.7 We are generated by the excitation of charge carriers in a semiconductor material with ultrashort pulses of above
Sponsored by FRidAY JulY 22, 2o11 at 8pm
Williams, Brian C.
l l e Sa i n t- Sa ļ n S (1835 Ł1921) Symphony No. 3 in C minor, Op. 78, "Organ" I. Adagio--Allegro moderato--Poco adagio II. Allegro moderato--Presto--Maestoso--Allegro FirSt violin Susanna Ogata
Combination of Fixed and Mobile Cameras for Automatic Pedestrian Detection
Bierlaire, Michel
in the shape, pose, color distribution, and behavior affect the robustness of the detection process. A novel the rest is dark. Nonetheless, since FIR images depend on the temperature of the objects, an outdoor scene has a number of factors that affect the images. Strong sun heating can introduce texture due
B.S. Computer Science (CS 26): Major Checklist Completed Lower Division (52 units)
Zhou, Yuanyuan
. to Probability & Statistics Completed Upper Division (76 units) Upper-Division (Core) Computer Science CSE 100 Mathematics Math 20A, Calculus for Science and Engineering Math 20B, Calculus fir Science and Engineering Math 20C, Calculus and Analytical Geometry for Science and Engineering Math 20F, Linear Algebra General
metalsa, epri, and John Deere are among the partners in these high-impact studies.
, or a pressur- ized water nuclear reactor, the materials from which they are made contain hidden stresses that affect safety, longevity, even energy efficiency and the environment. camden hubbard and his residual-generation Neutron residual stress Facility (NrsF-2) at hFir, along with complementary x-ray diffraction
PACIFIC SOUTHWESTt (-A FOREST SERVICE
Standiford, Richard B.
of the National Resources Management Corporation, Lafayette, Calif. A native of Ellenville, N.Y., he earned., he earned three degrees at the University of California, Berkeley: a bachelor's in forestry (1959- variate analysis. To assess their value as predictors, fluctuations in growth of white fir (Abies concolor
Phytopathol. Mediterr. (2005) 44, 0000 This review describes in chronological order the
California at Berkeley, University of
that has captured the imagination of tree lovers and tim- ber companies alike. Costal forests of Northern California also include several additional timber- producing species such as Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga difficulties for re- generating coniferous timber species. However, tanoak plays important ecological roles
Original article Belowground biomass and nutrient content in a
Paris-Sud XI, Universitķ de
useful when using estimates of the aerial biomass of a stand to calculate the carbon storage content of the belowground compartment. Douglas-fir / root system / C sequestration / nutrient content carbone dans le compartiment souterrain, connaissant la biomasse aķrienne d'un peuplement. Pour ce qui
Interaction of far-infrared and mid-infrared laser transitions in the ammonia laser
Nelson, L.Y.; Buchwald, M.I.; Jones, C.R.
Mid-infrared laser emission in ammonia is usually observed on a P(J + 2) transition when a CO/sub 2/ laser is used to optically pump a near resonant R(J) absorption feature. However, by generating simultaneous FIR ammonia laser emission in the same optical cavity, mid-infrared emission is obtained exclusively on the P(J) transition.
An Electron Bunch Compressor Based on an FEL Interaction in the Far Infra Red
Gaupp, Andreas
In this note an electron bunch compressor is proposed based on FEL type interaction of the electron bunch with far infrared (FIR) radiation. This mechanism maintains phase space density and thus requires a high quality electron beam to produce bunches of the length of a few ten micrometer.
Study on optical finite impulse response filter Guangjie Zeng
Study on optical finite impulse response filter Ying Zhou Guangjie Zeng Feihong Yu Zhejiang University State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation Optical Engineering Department Hangzhou Kong Abstract. We present an optical finite impulse response (FIR) filter de- sign method. Based
Picosecond time-resolved cyclotron resonance in semiconductors A. H. Chin, and A. P. Mitchell
Kono, Junichiro
the evolution of far-infrared FIR absorption induced by photoexcited carriers. By monitoring the photoinduced of InSb has been well studied.6 The TRCR experiment allows us to directly monitor the time evolution laser pulses. The NIR 800 nm laser source is a Spectra Physics Tsunami Ti:sapphire laser seeding
Effects of long-term water stress on net photosynthesis, growth and water-use efficiency of conifers in the field
Paris-Sud XI, Universitķ de
Effects of long-term water stress on net photosynthesis, growth and water-use efficiency the highest net photosynthesis PICEA and thus also 'the fastest growth. Douglas fir was superior to spruce into consideration. Thus, the reduction in net photosynthesis was always greater on long and sunny summer days
www.afm-journal.de 2011 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim 3785
(3,5-difluoro-2-(2-pyridyl)phenyl)-(2-carbox- ypyridyl)iridium(III) (FIrPic), a sky-blue emitter efficiency of 63 cd A-1 (16.3% and 36.6 lm W-1) at a luminance of 100 cd m-2. By combinin
This article appeared in a journal published by Elsevier. The attached copy is furnished to the author for internal non-commercial research
Zhang, Qi-Bin
's personal copy Evidence of solar signals in tree rings of Smith fir from Sygera Mountain in southeast Tibet of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Harbin 150040, China c DendroLab, Department: Solar activity Tree rings Schwabe cycle Wavelet analysis Tibetan Plateau a b s t r a c t Solar activity
Far-infrared laser vibration-rotation-tunneling spectroscopy of the propane-water compkx: Torsional dynamics of the hydrogen
Cohen, Ronald C.
Far-infrared laser vibration-rotation-tunneling spectroscopy of the propane-water compkx: Torsional 1993) The far-infrared laservibration-rotation-tunneling (FIR-VRT) spectrumof the propane-water complex calculations. In the present paper and in its counterpart,13we present our results for the water-propane
Genetic diversity enhances the resistance of a seagrass ecosystem to disturbance
Stachowicz, Jay
, nutrient cycling, or resistance to disturbance or invasion relative to systems with fewer species of declining species richness on short-term processes such as pro- duction, community respiration, and nutrient). Nevertheless, many important ecosystems, such as kelp forests, cattail marshes, and fir forests, are dominated
American Journal of Botany: e253e255. 2011. American Journal of Botany: e253e255, 2011; http://www.amjbot.org/ 2011 Botanical Society of America
Taylor, Lee
succession forests of pine, fir, or oak and is distributed throughout Mexico and the entire United States that the orchid exploits is narrow (Taylor and Bruns, 1999). Using three single nucleotide polymorphisms, Taylor of prospective loci were deter- mined via amplification from seven DNAs (three of which were individuals of C
Root dipping of conifer seedlings shows little benefit in the northern Rocky Mountains. Forest Service research paper
Sloan, J.P.
In the growth chamber, in the greenhouse, and in field studies, root dipping of bareroot lodgepole pine, ponderosa pine, Douglas-fir, and Engelmann spruce seedlings did not improve seedling survival, shoot growth, or root growth under dry soil conditions. Seedling root growth varied with tree species, soil type, and type of rood dip.
The ULIRG NGC 6240: Luminous extended Xray emission and evidence for an AGN
Greiner, Jochen
spectrum can be well fit by emission from two components in roughly equal proportions: a thermal optically for the formation of this AGN. However, the lu┬Ł minosity in the remaining extended thermal component is still et al. 1997). Within this core most of the ulti┬Ł mate enigmatic power source of the FIR radiation
Characterization of bending loss in hollow flexible terahertz waveguides
Massachusetts at Lowell, University of
and metal/dielectric coated polycarbonate waveguides were investigated using an optically pumped far infrared (FIR) laser at 215 Ąm. The bending loss of silver coated polycarbonate waveguides were measured. Pedersen, and E. Mueller, "Hollow polycarbonate waveguides with inner Cu coatings for delivery of terahertz
State of Industrial Fluidized Bed Combustion
Mesko, J. E.
is expectOO. Direct combustion of oil shale, combustion of wxxi ani municipil refuse also has been deron stratOO, either as primary fuels or as additives in units primarily firOO with coal. Combustion of liquid fuels, such as residual oils containing...
An Adaptive DFE using an IIR Feedback Equalizer for 100BASE-TX Ethernet*
Hurst, Paul J.
(FBE) to remove ISI. Such a DFE requires many FIR taps for long cable lengths, increasing the size and a 12-tap FBE. This paper describes a reduced complexity DFE structure for equalizing data transmitted, the new DFE structure using an infinite-impulse response (IIR) FBE is simpler than a conventional DFE
A Reliable method for Blind Channel Identification using Burst Data
Raphaeli, Dan
1 A Reliable method for Blind Channel Identification using Burst Data Dan Raphaeli, Senior Member Output (MISO) FIR channels with nonminimum phase. The approach is based on mini- mizing a cost function of identification success when consider- ing statistical channels, its ability to obtain reliable channel estimates
Technical Report -DTU -Informatics and Mathematical Modeling (May 31, 2007) Temperature Prediction in District
Prediction in District Heating Systems with cFIR models Pierre Pinson , Torben S. Nielsen, Henrik Aa. Nielsen, Lyngby, Denmark Abstract Current methodologies for the optimal operation of district heating systems regularization. Results are given for the test case of the Roskilde district heating system, over a period
Insights from Agricultural and Forestry GHG Offset Bruce A. McCarl
McCarl, Bruce A.
of Agricultural Economics Texas A&M University, College Station TX This work benefited from support largely from of the Energy Modeling Forum activities that are partially supported by EPRI. #12;Insights from Agricultural favorable to production of southern pine, while others allow production of redwoods and douglas fir
From Z-Machines to ALMA: (Sub)millimeter Spectroscopy of Galaxies ASP Conference Series, Vol. TBD, 2006
Aretxaga, Itziar
, 2006 A. J. Baker, J. Glenn, A. I. Harris, J. G. Mangum, and M. S. Yun, eds. Radio-mm-FIR Photometric Redshifts for (sub-)mm Galaxies Itziar Aretxaga1, David H. Hughes1, James S. Dunlop2 1Instituto Nacional de can be used to provide photometric-redshifts (Hughes et al. 1 #12;2 Aretxaga, Hughes, Dunlop 1998
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research A ] (
Kono, Junichiro
evolution of the transmission and reflection of a FIR probe pulse after near-infrared (NIR) excitation, TX 77005, USA Abstract Ultrashort pulses of intense, coherent, and tunable far-infrared and mid-infrared and quantum-confined semiconductors using such radiation. These experiments include: far-infrared spectroscopy
Infrared reflectance and transmission spectra in II-VI alloys and superlattices
Talwar, Devki N.
Room temperature measurements of the far-infrared (FIR) reflectance spectra are reported for the polar optical phonons in a series of bulk Cd[subscript x]Zn[subscript 1?x]Te (0 ? x ? 1) and CdSe[subscript x]Te[subscript ...
Herschel Survey of the Palomar-Green QSOs at Low Redshift
Petric, Andreea O; Flagey, Nicolas J M; Scoville, Nicholas Z
We investigate the global cold dust properties of 85 nearby (z energy distributions and estimate their rest-frame luminosities by combining Herschel data from 70 to 500 microns with near-infrared and mid-infrared measurements from the Two Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS) and the Wide-Field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE). In most sources the far-infrared (FIR) emission can be attributed to thermally heated dust. Single temperature modified black body fits to the FIR photometry give an average dust temperature for the sample of 33~K, with a standard deviation of 8~K, and an average dust mass of 7E6 Solar Masses with a standard deviation of 9E6 Solar Masses. Estimates of star-formation that are based on the FIR continuum emission correlate with those based on the 11.3 microns PAH feature, however, the star-formation rates estimated from the FIR continuum are higher than those estimated from the ...
In: Forest Decline: Causes and Impacts ISBN 978-1-61470-002-9 Editor: Joshua A. Jenkins, pp. 2011 Nova Science Publishers, Inc.
Herrera, Carlos M.
the response of several tree species from the Mediterranean Basin to recent climate change. We summarize, distribution shifts in Mediterranean mountains attribute the majority of observed changes to either climate-growth and regional climatic trends in four tree species from western Mediterranean Mountains: Silver fir (Abies alba
The 1999 Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems, New Mexico State University, Aug. 1999 Random-Process Formulation of Computationally Efficient
Vanderbei, Robert J.
The 1999 Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems, New Mexico State University, Aug. 1999 Random formulation of design con- straints in such an optimization setting and illustrates the concepts through dimensions of an approach developed earlier for the design of FIR digital filters in one dimension [4
Ultrafast and Nonlinear Spectroscopy of Solids with Small Energy Photons Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice Quantum Institute, and
Kono, Junichiro
-infrared (FIR) and mid-infrared (MIR) radiation, achievable with free- electron lasers (FELs) and optical and sample damage, lead- ing to extreme nonlinear optical behavior in semiconduc- tors.23,24) Furthermore. This paper reviews our recent experiments on bulk and quantum-confined semiconductors using such radiation
product platforms Marc H. Meyer, Olivier de Weck and Tucker
de Weck, Olivier L.
FIR ST PAG E PR O O FS wiem05025 product platforms Marc H. Meyer, Olivier de Weck and Tucker Marion across existing products as well as new market appli- cations (Meyer, Tertzakian, and Utterback, 1997 that end (Meyer and Lehnerd, 1997). We first define the meaning and context for product platforms in new
31/08/2010 13:44A misguided attack on kin selection Why Evolution Is True Page 1 of 15http://whyevolutionistrue.wordpress.com/2010/08/30/a-misguided-attack-on-kin-selection/
Gardner, Andy
31/08/2010 13:44A misguided attack on kin selection « Why Evolution Is True Page 1 of 15http://whyevolutionistrue.wordpress.com/2010/08/30/a-misguided-attack-on-kin-selection/ « I swear I was Egyptian! Relevant readings » A misguided attack on kin selection I don't know what's gotten into E. O. Wilson. He's certainly the world
SU-E-T-109: Development of An End-To-End Test for the Varian TrueBeamtm with a Novel Multiple-Dosimetric Modality H and N Phantom
Zakjevskii, V; Knill, C; Rakowski, J; Snyder, M [Wayne State University, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI (United States)
Purpose: To develop a comprehensive end-to-end test for Varian's TrueBeam linear accelerator for head and neck IMRT using a custom phantom designed to utilize multiple dosimetry devices. Methods: The initial end-to-end test and custom H and N phantom were designed to yield maximum information in anatomical regions significant to H and N plans with respect to: i) geometric accuracy, ii) dosimetric accuracy, and iii) treatment reproducibility. The phantom was designed in collaboration with Integrated Medical Technologies. A CT image was taken with a 1mm slice thickness. The CT was imported into Varian's Eclipse treatment planning system, where OARs and the PTV were contoured. A clinical template was used to create an eight field static gantry angle IMRT plan. After optimization, dose was calculated using the Analytic Anisotropic Algorithm with inhomogeneity correction. Plans were delivered with a TrueBeam equipped with a high definition MLC. Preliminary end-to-end results were measured using film and ion chambers. Ion chamber dose measurements were compared to the TPS. Films were analyzed with FilmQAPro using composite gamma index. Results: Film analysis for the initial end-to-end plan with a geometrically simple PTV showed average gamma pass rates >99% with a passing criterion of 3% / 3mm. Film analysis of a plan with a more realistic, ie. complex, PTV yielded pass rates >99% in clinically important regions containing the PTV, spinal cord and parotid glands. Ion chamber measurements were on average within 1.21% of calculated dose for both plans. Conclusion: trials have demonstrated that our end-to-end testing methods provide baseline values for the dosimetric and geometric accuracy of Varian's TrueBeam system.
Nebel, J-C.
Nebel,J-C. LNCS 2197, International Conference on Virtual Storytelling 2001, September 27-28, 2001, Avignon, France pp 10-19 Springer
True North: A Collection of Short Fiction
Christianson, Leah
Walker on the head with a drumstick. Now, Walker watched me,crack. The front end of my drumstick went flying, followed
True North: A Collection of Short Fiction
Christianson, Leah
in Vyborg. ōIt felt like an ice rink sometimes, no? ö öYes,a good idea to install an ice rink in his basement. Suddenlyhas enough money to put an ice rink in his basement, or at
Letting Go: True autonomy in an AUV
Griffiths, Gwyn
Will be needed if we are to explore the ocean beneath Europašs ice-covered surface. #12;Satellite images,000 feet Which is which? #12;Face of the Ronne Ice Shelf, Antarctica `To penetrate this barrier) Distancefromseasurface(m) Start Point Surfacing for GPS position fixing Terrain Following #12;Studies in Upper Ocean
Advanced Blade Manufacturing Project - Final Report
The original scope of the project was to research improvements to the processes and materials used in the manufacture of wood-epoxy blades, conduct tests to qualify any new material or processes for use in blade design and subsequently build and test six blades using the improved processes and materials. In particular, ABM was interested in reducing blade cost and improving quality. In addition, ABM needed to find a replacement material for the mature Douglas fir used in the manufacturing process. The use of mature Douglas fir is commercially unacceptable because of its limited supply and environmental concerns associated with the use of mature timber. Unfortunately, the bankruptcy of FloWind in June 1997 and a dramatic reduction in AWT sales made it impossible for ABM to complete the full scope of work. However, sufficient research and testing were completed to identify several promising changes in the blade manufacturing process and develop a preliminary design incorporating these changes.
Figure 3. Area of timberland by stand-size class (based on small, medium, and large trees) and year.
of growing- stock trees (1,000 ft3/year) 13,626 30.7 -51.6 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 Maple/beech/birch Oak/hickory Aspen/birch Spruce/fir Elm/ash/cottonwood White/red/jack pine Oak/pine Forest Land
Riparian mammals in Big Bend National Park and their interrelationships with visitor usages and impacts
Boeer, William Jacob
. , 1944; McDougall and Sperry, 1951; Denyes, 1956; and Warnock and Kittams, 1970). The Chisos Mountains support dense stands of Mexican Pinyon-Oak-Juniper and Ponderosa Pine- Douglas Fir woodlands (for a list of scientific names of all plants... research work. Studies involving mammals of the Big Bend area began with gene. al surveys (Bailey, 1905; Johnson, 1936; Borell and Bryant, 1942; and Taylor et al. , 1944) designed to identify and document the varied fauna of the area. After the park...
l (multipole) l (multipole) k (h Mpc-1)
Hu, Wayne
10 100 20 40 60 80 100 l (multipole) l (multipole) T CMB MAP Planck LSS Lensing k (h Mpc-1) P(k) P 40 60 80 100 l (multipole) (degrees) T(ĄK) W. Hu Ł May 1999 FIRS BAM SP91 IABPyth MSAM WD OVRO Su Errors 10 100 110 20 40 60 80 100 l (multipole) (degrees) T(ĄK) W. Hu Ł Feb. 1998 #12;Projected Planck
l (multipole) l (multipole) k (h Mpc-1)
Hu, Wayne
10 100 20 40 60 80 100 l (multipole) l (multipole) T CMB MAP Planck LSS Lensing k (h Mpc-1) P(k) P 40 60 80 100 l (multipole) (degrees) T(ĄK) FIRS BAM SP91 IABPyth MSAM WD OVRO SuZIE Tene SP94 MSAM Errors 10 100 110 20 40 60 80 100 l (multipole) (degrees) T(ĄK) W. Hu Ł Feb. 1998 #12;Projected Planck
Chakrabarti, Sukanya [School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, 84 Lomb Memorial Drive, Rochester, NY 14623 (United States); Magnelli, Benjamin; Lutz, Dieter; Berta, Stefano; Popesso, Paola [Max-Planck-Institut fuer Extraterrestrische Physik, Postfach 1312, Giessenbachstrasse 1, D-85741 Garching (Germany); McKee, Christopher F. [Physics and Astronomy Departments, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 (United States); Pozzi, Francesca, E-mail: email@example.com [Dipartimento di Astronomia, Universita degli Studi di Bologna, Via Ranzani 1, I-40127 Bologna (Italy)
We use the photometric redshift method of Chakrabarti and McKee to infer photometric redshifts of submillimeter galaxies with far-IR (FIR) Herschel data obtained as part of the PACS Evolutionary Probe program. For the sample with spectroscopic redshifts, we demonstrate the validity of this method over a large range of redshifts (4 {approx}> z {approx}> 0.3) and luminosities, finding an average accuracy in (1 + z{sub phot})/(1 + z{sub spec}) of 10%. Thus, this method is more accurate than other FIR photometric redshift methods. This method is different from typical FIR photometric methods in deriving redshifts from the light-to-gas mass (L/M) ratio of infrared-bright galaxies inferred from the FIR spectral energy distribution, rather than dust temperatures. To assess the dependence of our photometric redshift method on the data in this sample, we contrast the average accuracy of our method when we use PACS data, versus SPIRE data, versus both PACS and SPIRE data. We also discuss potential selection effects that may affect the Herschel sample. Once the redshift is derived, we can determine physical properties of infrared-bright galaxies, including the temperature variation within the dust envelope, luminosity, mass, and surface density. We use data from the GOODS-S field to calculate the star formation rate density (SFRD) of submillimeter bright sources detected by AzTEC and PACS. The AzTEC-PACS sources, which have a threshold 850 {mu}m flux {approx}> 5 mJy, contribute 15% of the SFRD from all ultraluminous infrared galaxies (L{sub IR} {approx}> 10{sup 12} L{sub Sun }), and 3% of the total SFRD at z {approx} 2.
MFR PAPER 1107 Some Marketing Considerations with
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Energy Savings Performance Contract- Robins Air Force Base, Georgia
Edge, J. S.
was not going to be easily achieved. Natural gas supplies were already being competed yearly between a local municipality and a nearby gas supply company. Robins purchased the gas consumed under two different tariff structures. Fir gas could be purchased... around the base. In 1994 Robins switched a main portion f its natural gas load from the firm tariff to e interruptible tariff. A small propane mixing plant w constructed to provide the required backup under t e interruptible tariff. The two steam...
Poidevin, Frederick [Universidade de Sao Paulo, Instituto de Astronomia, Geofisica e CIencas Atmosfericas, Rua do Matao 1226, Butanta, Sao Paulo, SP 05508-900 (Brazil); Bastien, Pierre [Departement de Physique and Observatoire du Mont-Megantic, Universite de Montreal, C.P. 6128, Succ. Centre-ville, Montreal, Quebec H3C 3J7 (Canada); Matthews, Brenda C., E-mail: email@example.com, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com, E-mail: email@example.com [Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics, National Research Council of Canada, Victoria, BC (Canada)
The SCUBA polarized 850 {mu}m thermal emission data of the OMC-2 region in Orion A are added to and homogeneously reduced with data already available in the OMC-3 region. The data set shows that OMC-2 is a region generally less polarized than OMC-3. Where coincident, most of the 850 {mu}m polarization pattern is similar to that measured in 350 {mu}m polarization data. Only 850 {mu}m polarimetry data have been obtained in and around MMS7, FIR1 and FIR2, and in the region south of FIR6. A realignment of the polarization vectors with the filament can be seen near FIR1 in the region south of OMC-3. An analysis shows that the energy injected by CO outflows and H{sub 2} jets associated with OMC-2 and OMC-3 does not appear to alter the polarization patterns at a scale of the 14'' resolution beam. A second-order structure function analysis of the polarization position angles shows that OMC-2 is a more turbulent region than OMC-3. OMC-3 appears to be a clear case of a magnetically dominated region with respect to the turbulence. However, for OMC-2 it is not clear that this is the case. A more in-depth analysis of five regions displayed along OMC-2/3 indicates a decrease of the mean polarization degree and an increase of the turbulent angular dispersion from north to south. A statistical analysis suggests the presence of two depolarization regimes in our maps: one regime including the effects of the cores, the other one excluding it.
STAR FORMATION IN LINER HOST GALAXIES AT z {approx} 0.3
Tommasin, Silvia; Netzer, Hagai; Sternberg, Amiel [School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978 (Israel); Nordon, Raanan; Lutz, Dieter; Berta, Stefano; Magnelli, Benjamin [MPE, Postfach 1312, 85741 Garching (Germany); Bongiorno, Angela [INAF-Oservatorio Astronomico di Roma, via Frascati 33, 00040 Monte Porzio Catone (Roma) (Italy); Le Floc'h, Emeric; Riguccini, Laurie [Laboratoire AIM, CEA/DSM-CNRS-Universite Paris Diderot, IRFU/Service d'Astrophysique, Bat 709, CEA-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex (France); Pozzi, Francesca [Dipartimento di Astronomia, Universita degli Studi di Bologna, via Ranzani 1, 40127 Bologna (Italy)
We present the results of a Herschel-PACS study of a sample of 97 low-ionization nuclear emission-line regions (LINERs) at redshift z {approx} 0.3 selected from the zCOSMOS survey. Of these sources, 34 are detected in at least one PACS band, enabling reliable estimates of the far-infrared L{sub FIR} luminosities, and a comparison to the FIR luminosities of local LINERs. Many of our PACS-detected LINERs are also UV sources detected by GALEX. Assuming that the FIR is produced in young dusty star-forming regions, the typical star formation rates (SFRs) for the host galaxies in our sample are {approx}10 M{sub Sun} yr{sup -1}, 1-2 orders of magnitude larger than in many local LINERs. Given stellar masses inferred from optical/NIR photometry of the (unobscured) evolved stellar populations, we find that the entire sample lies close to the star-forming 'main sequence' for galaxies at redshift 0.3. For young star-forming regions, the H{alpha}- and UV-based estimates of the SFRs are much smaller than the FIR-based estimates, by factors {approx}30, even assuming that all of the H{alpha} emission is produced by O-star ionization rather than by the active galactic nuclei (AGNs). These discrepancies may be due to large (and uncertain) extinctions toward the young stellar systems. Alternatively, the H{alpha} and UV emissions could be tracing residual star formation in an older, less obscured population with decaying star formation. We also compare L{sub SF} and L(AGN) in local LINERs and in our sample. Finally, we comment on the problematic use of several line diagnostic diagrams in cases with an estimated obscuration similar to that in the sample under study.
On the Approximation of Distributed-Delay Control Laws
Mirkin, Leonid
-dimensional internal feedback of the form P -P e-sh (here P is the delay-free plant and h is the loop delay) that aims can be replaced with . = Pa -P e-sh (modified/generalized Smith predictor), where Pa is a rational e-Agh (sI - Ag)-1 Bg. The finite impulse response (FIR) com- pletion h{G e-sh } of G e-sh is defined
Radio--Far infrared correlation in "blue cloud" galaxies with 0
Basu, Aritra; Beelen, Alexandre; Singh, Veeresh; Archana, K N; Sirothia, Sandeep; Ishwara-Chandra, C H
We study the radio--far infrared (FIR) correlation in "blue cloud" galaxies chosen from the PRism MUltiobject Survey (PRIMUS) up to redshift ($z$) of 1.2 in the XMM-LSS field. We use rest-frame emission at 1.4 GHz in the radio and both monochromatic (at 70$\\mu$m) and bolometric (between $8-1000~\\mu$m) emission in the FIR. To probe the nature of the correlation up to $z\\sim1.2$, where direct detection of blue star-forming galaxies is impossible with current technology, we employ the technique of image stacking at 0.325 and 1.4 GHz in the radio and in six infrared bands, viz. 24, 70, 160, 250, 350 and $500~\\mu$m. For comparison, we also study the correlation for more luminous galaxies that are directly detected. The stacking analysis allows us to probe the radio--FIR correlation for galaxies that are up to 2 orders of magnitude fainter than the ones detected directly. The $k-$correction in the infrared wavebands is obtained by fitting the observed spectral energy distribution (SED) with a composite mid-IR power...
Star formation and the interstellar medium in z>6 UV-luminous Lyman-break galaxies
Willott, Chris J; Wagg, Jeff; Wang, Ran
We present Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA) detections of atomic carbon line and dust continuum emission in two UV-luminous galaxies at redshift 6. The far-infrared (FIR) luminosities of these galaxies are substantially lower than similar starbursts at later cosmic epochs, indicating an evolution in the dust properties with redshift, in agreement with the evolution seen in ultraviolet (UV) attenuation by dust. The [CII] to FIR ratios are found to be higher than at low redshift showing that [CII] should be readily detectable by ALMA within the reionization epoch. One of the two galaxies shows a complex merger nature with the less massive component dominating the UV emission and the more massive component dominating the FIR line and continuum. Using the interstellar atomic carbon line to derive the systemic redshifts we investigate the velocity of Lyman alpha emission emerging from high-z galaxies. In contrast to previous work, we find no evidence for decreasing Lyman alpha velocity shifts at high-redshift...
Incidence and effects of endemic populations of forest pests in young mixed-conifer forests of the Sierra Nevada. Forest Service research paper (Final)
Williams, C.B.; Azuma, D.L.; Ferrell, G.T.
Approximately 3,200 trees in young mixed-conifer stands were examined for pest activity and human-caused or mechanical injuries, and approximately 25 percent of these trees were randomly selected for stem analyses. The examination of trees felled for stem analyses showed that 409 (47 percent) were free of pests and 466 (53 percent) had one or more pest categories. Incense-cedar contained the fewest number of pests with 133 out of 193 trees (69 percent) free of pests, and 60 trees or .31 percent with one or more pests. White fir and ponderosa pine trees had the highest percentage of pests and mechanical injuries: 64 percent (252 trees out of 395), and 62 percent (93 trees out of 151), respectively. Top injury and disease were the two most frequent pest/damage categories recorded among all tree species. White fir blister rust and cedar rust were the most frequent disease recorded on sugar pine and incense-cedar. Bark beetles were an important pest category for white fir, ponderosa pine, and incense-cedars.
Introducing GOLDMine: A new Galaxy Database on the WEB
G. Gavazzi; A. Boselli; A. Donati; P. Franzetti; M. Scodeggio
The new World Wide Web site "GOLDMine" (Galaxy On Line Database Milano Network) (http://goldmine.mib.infn.it) contains a multiwavelength data-base of an optically selected sample of 3267 galaxies in the Virgo cluster and in the Coma Supercluster. It is designed for professional astronomers who wish to find data and images for these galaxies. Data, gathered in 15 years of observational campaigns by the authors or taken from the literature include general parameters (catalogue names, celestial coordinates, morphological type, recessional velocity etc.); multiwavelength continuum photometry (total UV, U, B, V, J, H, K, FIR and radio magnitudes/flux densities); line photometry (HI, H_2, H_alpha); dynamical parameters (rotational velocity from the HI and H_alpha lines, velocity dispersion) and structural parameters (light concentration index, effective radius and brightness, asymptotic magnitude) in the optical (B and V) and Near Infrared (H or K) bands. Images include finding charts, optical (B and V), H_alpha, Near Infrared (H and/or K) and true color RGB frames (when available). Radial light profiles obtained from the B, V, H or K band images are also available. Integrated optical spectra along with broad Spectral Energy Distributions (SED) from the UV to the radio domain are given. All images can be obtained in JPG format, but the original (reduced) FITS images can be downloaded as well. The database will be updated regularly and will be extended to other local clusters and superclusters. Astronomers who wish to have their images included in GOLDMine are strongly encouraged to send us their material.
Near-Infrared Imaging Polarimetry of M42: Aperture Polarimetry of Point-like Sources
Nobuhiko Kusakabe; Motohide Tamura; Ryo Kandori; Jun Hashimoto; Yasushi Nakajima; Tetsuya Nagata; Takahiro Nagayama; Jim Hough; Phil Lucas
We have conducted aperture polarimetry of ~500 stars of the Orion Nebula Cluster (ONC) in M42 based on our wide-field (~8'\\times 8') $JHKs$ band polarimetry. Most of the near-infrared (NIR) polarizations are dichroic, with position angles of polarization agreeing, both globally and locally, with previous far-infrared (FIR) and submillimeter observations, having taken into account the 90$^\\circ $ difference in angles between dichroic absorption and emission. This is consistent with the idea that both NIR dichroic polarizations and FIR/submillimeter thermal polarizations trace the magnetic fields in the OMC-1 region. The magnetic fields inferred from these observations show a pinch at scales less than 0.5 pc with a centroid near IRc2. The hourglass-shaped magnetic field pattern is explained by the models in which the magnetic field lines are dragged along with the contracting gas and then wound up by rotation in a disk. The highly polarized region to the northwest of IRc2 and the low-polarized region near the bright bar are also common among NIR and FIR/submillimeter data, although a few regions of discrepancy exist. We have also discerned ~50 possible highly polarized sources whose polarizations are more likely to be intrinsic rather than dichroic. Their polarization efficiencies ($P(H)/A(H)$) are too large to be explained by the interstellar polarization. These include 10 young brown dwarfs that suggest a higher polarization efficiency, which may present geometrical evidence for (unresolved) circumstellar structures around young brown dwarfs.
Radio-Excess IRAS Galaxies: IV. Optical Spectroscopy
Catherine L. Buchanan; Peter J. McGregor; Geoffrey V. Bicknell; Michael A. Dopita
This is the fourth in our series of papers investigating radio-excess galaxies, which have radio emission associated with an active nucleus but which do not fit into the traditional categories of either radio-loud or radio-quiet active galaxies. In this paper, we present optical spectra of our sample of FIR-luminous radio-excess galaxies. Optical emission line diagnostics are used to determine the dominant source of the ionizing radiation. We find that radio excess is an excellent indicator of the presence of an active nucleus: the radio-excess sample contains a much higher fraction of AGN than samples selected on FIR luminosity alone, or using other criteria such as warm FIR colors. Several objects have ambiguous classifications and are likely to be composite objects with mixed excitation. The type of optical spectrum appears to be associated with the radio-loudness: radio-loud objects may be more `pure' AGN than radio-intermediate objects. We find strong evidence for interaction between the radio plasma and the surrounding gas. The jet energy fluxes of the radio-excess objects, inferred from the [O III] luminosities, are lower than in powerful radio sources, consistent with our previous results. We conclude that the jets of radio-intermediate sources are intrinsically weaker than those in sources with more powerful radio emission. A significant fraction of the sample spectra show post-starburst stellar continuum, with A-star absorption lines, consistent with the large fraction of merging or disturbed host galaxies in the sample. The ages of the radio sources are significantly less than those of A stars indicating that, if the radio sources are associated with merging activity, there is a delay between the interaction and the initiation of the radio activity. (Abridged.)
A Chandra Snapshot Survey of IR-bright LINERs: A Possible Link Between Star Formation, AGN Fueling, and Mass Accretion
R. P. Dudik; S. Satyapal; M. Gliozzi; R. M. Sambruna
We present results from a high resolution X-ray imaging study of nearby LINERs observed by Chandra. This study complements and extends previous X-ray studies of LINERs, focusing on the under-explored population of nearby dust-enshrouded infrared-bright LINERs. The sample consists of 15 IR-bright LINERs (L_FIR/L_B > 3), with distances that range from 11 to 26 Mpc. Combining our sample with previous Chandra studies we find that ~ 51% (28/55) of the LINERs display compact hard X-ray cores. The nuclear 2-10 keV luminosities of the galaxies in this expanded sample range from ~ 2 X 10^38 ergs s^-1 to ~ 2 X 10^44 ergs s^-1. We find an intriguing trend in the Eddington ratio vs. L_FIR and L_FIR/L_B for the AGN-LINERs in the expanded sample that extends over seven orders of magnitude in L/L_Edd. This correlation may imply a link between black hole growth, as measured by the Eddington ratio, and the star formation rate (SFR), as measured by the far-IR luminosity and IR-brightness ratio. If the far-IR luminosity is an indicator of the molecular gas content in our sample of LINERs, our results may further indicate that the mass accretion rate scales with the host galaxy's fuel supply. We discuss the potential implications of our results in the framework of black hole growth and AGN fueling in low luminosity AGN. (Abridged)
Page 1 of 1 NWPPC. 1990. Protected areas summary and response to comments (90-10; Supp. C). FR01: !D'f-O FISH 8. GFr'E TO: J~ 5, 1'3'30 3: 5Cf'M lI63! P. W
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Experimental ferrite core circuit analysis and design applied to an analog/digital converter
Hughes, Robert William
EXPKRflIENTAL FERRITE CORE CIRCUIT ANALYSIS A/4i) CESIGN APPLI ED' TO AN ANALOG+I QITAL -CCWERTER I I 'O' Thaaka RCSERT, NI. LL'I AN HQQAKS:-. , ";, , '. . :. . '. -:. '"":, , ':-. ', . -' ". ' t, . I I I' I, ' . Sobalttad, ta tb ~ Qra... , Na'fir. Sabjaat& ' Eiaktr leal EnCInaaring . EXPERIIIENTAL FERRITE CORE CIRCUIT ANALYSIS AND DESIGN APPLIED TO 'AN AMALGG/DIGITAL CONVERTER f 1 A, . Thea I'a t ROBERT Wl LI. I Al'Jl. HUGHES (Goober, ) ' (Me@bar) ' A'yprived . a'o . . to a4...
The small firm enters international trade
Steelquist, Laura McDowell
be & ditcd for ~ 6] information of benefit to the, smaller fir?& engaged i;& internationai trade. ~ The Small Business Adm inis Lrat ion ' s Fx~&&rt Marl' . t ', n n' for S. &ai 3 cr &'3 rms- provides a discussion of i oreigr I 3P] market analysis... for the small business firm and is useful in this field. However, this book does not cover the foreign cultux al environment, which may be the decisive factor in marketing, and provides no information con- cerning shipp. ', ng and finance. Many trade...
Multiple Contributors
-3 ' T--Nesative 1 comes from Ruth Berman; 5620 Edgewater Boulevard, Minneapo1is,Minnesota 55417. June, 1969. Reprint: April, 1973. Cover by Tim Courtney. Bacover by Alicia Austin. "Pro1ogue" by Ruth 'Bermanj "Bright Alpha II by Dorothy Jones.... - --- - ------ -------- -----_ .... ------------------------.. ---------------------------.. - jjThe._g.E~~_~ Ca rbuncle ": a S I Herloc kholmes story "Bcight Alpha," by Dorothy Jones and Astrid Anderson, is the :first (by in ternal chronology; not the firs t written) of the Orloff-and-Conway stories. Hyfamvy? Orloff and Dorothy Comlay...
Commercial Feeding Stuffs, from September 1, 1941, to August 31, 1942.
Brock, F. D.; Fuller, F. D. (Frederick Driggs)
, 1942* F. D. Fuller, Chief, and F. D. Brock, Assistant Chief, Division of Feed Control Servicel. This Bulletin is a report on the work performed by the Texas Agricul- itiral Experiment Station in the inspection of feeding stuffs sold in Texas during....51 2Hegari Meal 11.01 7 Hominv Feed 10.85 l~ornin? Feed, S'ub-Standard 10.32 3 fir Chop 10.81 1 Itafir Head Chop 9.36 1 Ground Dried Kelp _._--.-.- i 4.68 4 37V0 Pnotein Linseed Meal 36.84 1 36% Protein Linseed Meal 37.10 6 34y0 Protein Linseed...
Aerial 8-14 micron imagery applied to mapping thermal effect mixing boundaries
Foster, Norman Gray
was limited to det' rmining water 'emperatures and calculating a steady-state ene, gy baI anc, of a fos ' l-fueled pow' r plan: E ' fir tnt both from airborne iimagery and from ground observations, and the comparison of the rwo calculations. The results... enhance the practical applic 'tions of remote imagery to aquatic ecology studies Airborne g-l?' micron wavelength imagery was cb- tained over discrete locations long heated water ef- fluent canals, coincident with subsurface water tem- perature...
Managing coarse woody debris in forests of the Rocky Mountains. Forest Service research paper
Graham, R.T.; Harvey, A.E.; Jurgensen, M.F.; Jain, T.B.; Tonn, J.R.
Recommendations for managing coarse woody debris after timber harvest were developed for 14 habitat types, ranging from ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) habitat types of Arizona to subalpine fir (Abis lasiocarpa) habitat types of western Montana. Ectomycorrhizae were used as a bioindicator of health, productive forest soils. Undisturbed stands were studied to determine the optimum amounts of organic material for ectomycorrhizal activity. The management recommendations are intentionally conservative to ensure that enough organic matter is left after timber harvest to maintain long-term forest productivity.
DFSP - a data flow signal processor
Hartimo, I.; Simula, O.; Skytta, J.; Kronlof, K.
The concept of data flow computing is applied to digital signal processing (DSP). A data flow signal processor (DFSP) architecture is presented. The principles of data flow computing are carefully considered in order to conform with the special properties of DSP. The bus oriented architecture is easily configured to meet various performance requirements. The DFSP architecture is most suitable for nonrecursive algorithms. Typical tasks of this nature are transforms and FIR filters. A simulation model of the DFSP architecture has been developed. Simulation results of two application examples are given. 24 references.
Depositional environment of Upper Devonian gas producing sandstones, Westmoreland County, southwestern Pennsylvania
Work, Rebecca Miller
for each sandstone; for each thin section, 100 monocrystalline quartz grains were counted. 37 LLOYDSVILLE SPORTSMAN ASSOCIATION I GRAIN SIZE mm 2. 0 I. O 0. 5 0. 25 O. I2 COMPOSITION /o CEM % 0 50 100 0 30 I 3I95 C Ep I I I I 3I97 FIRS T BRA... or polycrystalline as determined by the number of crystals within the quartz grain. Monocrystalline quartz is composed of a single crystal, and has simple or wavy extinction. Polycrystalline quartz contains more than one crystal within the grain. If crystals...
litawr It. Booklet No. 56096 Booklet Code
Jayaram, Bhyravabotla
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True Stories For Fictional Children to Tell in the Dark
Borsellino, M.
to mean, exactly?" Jason, however, is still in full uniform. He always takes as long as he can before changing, especially on Saturday nights. It's the worst and best time of the week: best, because he is Robin for the second night running, his... some sleep." It's better when Bruce looks like he wants to slap him or shake him or something. When all the fight goes out of him, Jason's got no choice but to walk off and get changed into something that isn't the Robin suit and lie on his bed...
A True Mode of Union: Reconsidering the Cartesian Human Being
Carlson, Amber
for my work. vii NOMENCLATURE AT C. Adam and P. Tannery, ed., Oeuvres de Descartes, (revised edition, Paris: Vrin/C.N.R.S., 1964-1976). CSM I John Cottingham, Robert Stoothoff, and Dugald Murdoch, ed., The Philosophical Writings... of Descartes, Vol. I. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1985). CSM II John Cottingham, Robert Stoothoff, and Dugald Murdoch, ed., The Philosophical Writings of Descartes, Vol. II. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1984). CSMK John...
True solar analogues in the open cluster M67
K. Biazzo; L. Pasquini; P. Bonifacio; S. Randich; L. R. Bedin
The solar analogues are fundamental targets for a better understanding of our Sun and Solar System. Notwithstanding the efforts, this research is usually limited to field stars. The open cluster M67 offers a unique opportunity to search for solar analogues because its chemical composition and age are very similar to those of our star. In this work, we analyze FLAMES@VLT spectra of about one hundred of M67 main sequence stars with the aim to identify solar analogues. We first determine cluster members which are likely not binaries, by combining both proper motions and radial velocity measurements. Then, we concentrate our analysis on the determination of stellar effective temperature, using the analyzes of line-depth ratios and Halpha wings. Finally, we also compute lithium abundance for all the stars. Thanks to the our analysis, we find ten solar analogues, which allow us to derive a solar color (B-V)=0.649+/-0.016 and a cluster distance modulus of 9.63+/-0.08, very close to values found by previous authors. Among them, five are the best solar twins with temperature determinations within 60 K from the solar values. Our results lead us to do further spectroscopic investigations because the solar analogues candidates are suitable for planet search.
Artificial Metabolism: Towards True Energetic Autonomy in Artificial Life
West of England, University of the
is feasible and it can provide sufficient power for a mobile robot platform to execute photo tactic `pulsed but its batteries need to be charged by a human prior to its release. On completion of the task or in the event of the bat- tery charge level getting low the robot returns to a base for recharging and/or new
A true sense of security | Argonne National Laboratory
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spread through the subway? How long would it take to empty a stadium in case of an attack? In the aftermath of 911, mindful of the subway attacks in Japan, researchers at...
asteroid eros true: Topics by E-print Network
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the elastic response of rock Richardson Jr., James E. 33 Mirror matter in the solar system: New evidence for mirror matter from Eros HEP - Phenomenology (arXiv) Summary:...
The dream is a lie, but the dreaming is true
Vallecillo, Albert
This thesis is about establishing the attributes of sense of place, rather than placelessness, through the observation of what makes a community have the qualities that it does. What is it in its physical, cultural, climatic ...
What is the true exceptional set in Gross' Theorem?
[2] L.I. Volkovyskii, Research on the type problem of a simply connected Rie-. mann surface, Proc. Steklov Inst. Math., XXXIV, Moscow 1950. (Russian). 1.
Mansour's Conjecture is True for Random DNF Formulas Adam Klivans
Lee, Homin K.
University firstname.lastname@example.com March 9, 2010 Abstract In 1994, Y. Mansour conjectured that for every DNF
LH0091TrueRMStoDCConverter September 1993
Goldwasser, Shafi
X OUTPUT CHARACTERISTICS Rated Output Voltage RLt2 5 kX 10 V Output Short Circuit Current 22 mA Output Ratio RSs10 kX 90 dB PSRR Supply Voltage Rejection Ratio RSs10 kX 96 dB ISC Output Short-Circuit Current Voltage g22V Input Voltage g15V peak Output Short Circuit Duration Continuous Operating Temperature Range
Y-12 uranium storage facility?a Źdream come true?
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ranks and actually provides the first impedance for the just finished highly enriched uranium storage facility. Recently the Highly Enriched Uranium Material Facility was...
Step 6: Make Your Workforce True Partners | Department of Energy
Broader source: Energy.gov (indexed) [DOE]
as they arise. Engaging partners to find solutions in areas over which they have some control (e.g., work orders, evaluation reports) will help maintain buy-in, while...
Producing a True Lignin Depolymerase for Biobleaching Softwood Kraft Pulp
Simo Sarkanen
This project constituted an intensive effort devoted to producing, from the white-rot fungus Tramets Cingulata, a lignin degrading enzyme (lignin depolymerase) that is directly able to biobleach or delignify softwood kraft pulp brownstock. To this end, the solutions in which T. cingulata was grown contained dissolved kraft lignin which fulfilled two functions; it behaved as a lignin deploymerase substrate and it also appeared to act as an inducer of enzyme expression. However, the lignin depolymerase isoenzymes (and other extracellular T. cingulata enzymes) interacted very strongly with both the kraft lignin components and the fungal hypae, so the isolating these proteins from the culture solutions proved to be unexpectedly difficult. Even after extensive experimentation with a variety of protein purification techniques, only one approach appeared to be capable of purifying lignin depolymerases to homogeneity. Unfortunately the procedure was extremely laborious; it involved the iso electric focusing of concentrated buffer-exchanged culture solutions followed by electro-elution of the desired protein bands from the appropriate polyacrylamide gel segments
Shrinking and the True Power Spectrum at Decoupling
B. A. C. C. Bassett; P. K. S. Dunsby; G. F. R. Ellis
In this paper we examine the change in the estimated spatial power spectra at decoupling due to the effects of our clumpy universe which modify observational distances. We find that scales at decoupling can be significantly underestmated in our approximation of neglecting the shear of the ray bundle. We compare our results with other work on lensing and speculate on the implications for structure formation. In particular we examine a proposal to use the position of the first Doppler peak to determine $\\Omega$, and find that shrinking will modify the esimated curvature, so that it must be included to obtain an accurate estimate of $\\Omega$. Finally we consider future applications and improvements of our results.
Maintaining True Believers: The Evolution and Moderation of Extremist Movements
McKinney, Matthew James
Social Movement Theory (SMT) as a primary tool of analysis.the theoretical lenses of SMT have served as a means ofof comparative works in SMT have revolutionized the way in
True structure of pnictide 122 superconductors revealed | ornl.gov
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AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE: Alternative1 First Use of Energy for All Purposes (Fuel and Nonfuel), 2002; Level:Energy: Grid Integration Redefining What'sis Taking Over OurThe Iron Spin Transition in2,EHSS A-Z SiteManhattanPacific: A Year in
Hydro Power to Make the American Dream Come True
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AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE: Alternative1 First Use of Energy for All Purposes (Fuel and Nonfuel), 2002; Level: National5Sales for4,645U.S. DOE Office of Science (SC) EnvironmentalGyroSol├®(tm) HarmonicbetandEnergyCorrective
Crayola's True Color Shines Through: Green | Department of Energy
Broader source: Energy.gov (indexed) [DOE]
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE: Alternative1 First Use of Energy for All Purposes (Fuel and Nonfuel), 2002; Level: National5Sales for4,645 3,625 1,006 492 742Energy China U.S. DepartmentEnergy This partAsAmanda McAlpin SopAmericaWhatUraniumHomemadeThe
Integrated Microinverters for Enabling True ACPV Modules | Department of
Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) Indexed Site
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Google Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page onYouTube YouTube Note: Since the.pdfBreaking of BlytheDepartmentEnergy Integrated Energy Analysis and
TruePeak Process Laser Analyzer | Department of Energy
Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) Indexed Site
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Google Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels DataDepartment of Energy Your Density Isn'tOriginEducationVideoStrategic|IndustrialCenterMarch 4; RSVP by Feb.Department of Energy 0
How to Calculate the True Cost of Steam
Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) Indexed Site
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Google Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels DataDepartment of Energy Your Density Isn't YourTransport(Fact Sheet), GeothermalGridHYDROGEND D e e pShade Your Home inWill Youdotoof A
Insights into gas heating and cooling in the disc of NGC 891 from Herschel far-infrared spectroscopy
Hughes, T M; Schirm, M R P; Parkin, T J; De Looze, I; Wilson, C D; Bendo, G J; Baes, M; Fritz, J; Boselli, A; Cooray, A; Cormier, D; Karczewski, O ?; Lebouteiller, V; Lu, N; Madden, S C; Spinoglio, L; Viaene, S
We present Herschel PACS and SPIRE spectroscopy of the most important far-infrared cooling lines in the nearby edge-on spiral galaxy, NGC 891: [CII] 158 $\\mu$m, [NII] 122, 205 $\\mu$m, [OI] 63, 145 $\\mu$m, and [OIII] 88 $\\mu$m. We find that the photoelectric heating efficiency of the gas, traced via the ([CII]+[OII]63)/$F_{\\mathrm{TIR}}$ ratio, varies from a mean of 3.5$\\times$10$^{-3}$ in the centre up to 8$\\times$10$^{-3}$ at increasing radial and vertical distances in the disc. A decrease in ([CII]+[OII]63)/$F_{\\mathrm{TIR}}$ but constant ([CII]+[OI]63)/$F_{\\mathrm{PAH}}$ with increasing FIR colour suggests that polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) may become important for gas heating in the central regions. We compare the observed flux of the FIR cooling lines and total IR emission with the predicted flux from a PDR model to determine the gas density, surface temperature and the strength of the incident far-ultraviolet (FUV) radiation field, $G_{0}$. Resolving details on physical scales of ~0.6 kpc, a p...
Laser for high frequency modulated interferometry
Mansfield, D.K.; Vocaturo, M.; Guttadora, L.J.
A Stark-tuned laser operating in the 119 micron line of CH[sub 3]OH has an output power of several tens of milliwatts at 30 Watts of pump power while exhibiting a doublet splitting of about ten MHz with the application of a Stark field on the order of 500 volts/cm. This output power allows for use of the laser in a multi-channel interferometer, while its high operating frequency permits the interferometer to measure rapid electron density changes in a pellet injected or otherwise fueled plasma such as encountered in magnetic fusion devices. The laser includes a long far-infrared (FIR) pyrex resonator tube disposed within a cylindrical water jacket and incorporating charged electrodes for applying the Stark field to a gas confined therein. With the electrodes located within the resonator tube, the resonator tube walls are cooled by a flowing coolant without electrical breakdown in the coolant liquid during application of the Stark field. Wall cooling allows for substantially increased FIR output powers. Provision is made for introducing a buffer gas into the resonator tube for increasing laser output power and its operating bandwidth. 10 figures.
Laser for high frequency modulated interferometry
Mansfield, Dennis K. (E. Windsor, NJ); Vocaturo, Michael (Columbus, NJ); Guttadora, Lawrence J. (Iselin, NJ)
A Stark-tuned laser operating in the 119 micron line of CH.sub.3 OH has an output power of several tens of milliwatts at 30 Watts of pump power while exhibiting a doublet splitting of about ten MHz with the application of a Stark field on the order of 500 volts/cm. This output power allows for use of the laser in a multi-channel interferometer, while its high operating frequency permits the interferometer to measure rapid electron density changes in a pellet injected or otherwise fueled plasma such as encountered in magnetic fusion devices. The laser includes a long far-infrared (FIR) pyrex resonator tube disposed within a cylindrical water jacket and incorporating charged electrodes for applying the Stark field to a gas confined therein. With the electrodes located within the resonator tube, the resonator tube walls are cooled by a flowing coolant without electrical breakdown in the coolant liquid during application of the Stark field. Wall cooling allows for substantially increased FIR output powers. Provision is made for introducing a buffer gas into the resonator tube for increasing laser output power and its operating bandwidth.
Development of a Hydrodynamic Model for Skagit River Estuary for Estuarine Restoration Feasibility Assessment
Yang, Zhaoqing; Liu, Hedong; Khangaonkar, Tarang P.
The Skagit River is the largest river in the Puget Sound estuarine system. It discharges about 39% of total sediment and more than 20% of freshwater into Puget Sound. The Skagit River delta provides rich estuarine and freshwater habitats for salmon and many other wildlife species. Over the past 150 years, economic development in the Skagit River delta has resulted in significant losses of wildlife habitat, particularly due to construction of dikes. Diked portion of the delta is known as Fir Island where irrigation practices for agriculture land over the last century has resulted in land subsidence. This has also caused reduced efficiency of drainage network and impeded fish passages through the area. In this study, a three-dimensional tidal circulation model was developed for the Skagit River delta to assist estuarine restoration in the Fir Island area. The hydrodynamic model used in the study is the Finite Volume Coastal Ocean Model (FVCOM). The hydrodynamic model was calibrated using field data collected from the study area specifically for the model development. Wetting and drying processes in the estuarine delta are simulated in the hydrodynamic model. The calibrated model was applied to simulate different restoration alternatives and provide guidance for estuarine restoration and management. Specifically, the model was used to help select and design configurations that would improve the supply of sediment and freshwater to the mudflats and tidal marsh areas outside of diked regions and then improve the estuarine habitats for salmon migration.
Neutral carbon and CO in 76 (U)LIRGs and starburst galaxy centers A method to determine molecular gas properties in luminous galaxies
Israel, F P; van der Werf, P
We present fluxes in both neutral carbon [CI] lines at the centers of 76 galaxies with FIR luminosities between 10^{9} and 10^{12} L(o) obtained with Herschel-SPIRE and with ground-based facilities, along with the J=7-6, J=4-3, J=2-1 12CO and J=2-1 13CO line fluxes. We investigate whether these lines can be used to characterize the molecular ISM of the parent galaxies in simple ways and how the molecular gas properties define the model results. In most starburst galaxies, the [CI]/13CO flux ratio is much higher than in Galactic star-forming regions, and it is correlated to the total FIR luminosity. The [CI](1-0)/CO(4-3), the [CI](2-1) (2-1)/CO(7-6), and the [CI] (2-1)/(1-0) flux ratios are also correlated, and trace the excitation of the molecular gas. In the most luminous infrared galaxies (LIRGs), the ISM is fully dominated by dense and moderately warm gas clouds that appear to have low [C]/[CO] and [13CO]/[12CO] abundances. In less luminous galaxies, emission from gas clouds at lower densities becomes prog...
The nature of the [CII] emission in dusty star-forming galaxies from the SPT-survey
Gullberg, Bitten; Vieira, Joaquin; Weiss, Axel; Aguirre, James; Aravena, Manuel; Bķthermin, Matthieu; Bradford, C Matt; Bothwell, Matt; Carlstrom, John; Chapman, Scott; Fassnacht, Chris; Gonzalez, Anthony; Greve, Thomas; Hezavah, Yashar; Holtzapfel, William L; Husband, Kate; Ma, Jingzhe; Malkan, Matt; Marrone, Dan; Menten, Karl; Murphy, Eric; Reichardt, Chris; Spilker, Justin; Stark, Anthony; Strandet, Maria; Welikala, Niraj
We present [CII] observations of 20 strongly lensed dusty star forming galaxies at 2.1 20 mJy) from the South Pole Telescope survey, with far-infrared (FIR) luminosities determined from extensive photometric data. The [CII] line is robustly detected in 17 sources, all but one being spectrally resolved. Eleven out of 20 sources observed in [CII] also have low-J CO detections from ATCA. A comparison with mid- and high-J CO lines from ALMA reveals consistent [CII] and CO velocity profiles, suggesting that there is little differential lensing between these species. The [CII], low-J CO and FIR data allow us to constrain the properties of the interstellar medium. We find [CII] to CO(1-0) luminosity ratios in the SPT sample of 5200 +- 1800, with significantly less scatter than in other samples. This line ratio can be best described by a medium of [CII] and CO emitting gas with a higher [CII] than CO excitation temperature, high CO optical depth tau_CO >> 1, and low to moderate [CII] optical depth tau_CII ~< 1. T...
New polymorphous computing fabric.
Wolinski, C. (Christophe); Gokhale, M. (Maya); McCabe, K. P. (Kevin P.)
This paper introduces a new polymorphous computing Fabric well suited to DSP and Image Processing and describes its implementation on a Configurable System on a Chip (CSOC). The architecture is highly parameterized and enables customization of the synthesized Fabric to achieve high performance for a specific class of application. For this reason it can be considered to be a generic model for hardware accelerator synthesis from a high level specification. Another important innovation is the Fabric uses a global memory concept, which gives the host processor random access to all the variables and instructions on the Fabric. The Fabric supports different computing models including MIMD, SPMD and systolic flow and permits dynamic reconfiguration. We present a specific implementation of a bank of FIR filters on a Fabric composed of 52 cells on the Altera Excalibur ARM running at 33 MHz. The theoretical performance of this Fabric is 1.8 GMACh. For the FIR application we obtain 1.6 GMAC/s real performance. Some automatic tools have been developed like the tool to provide a host access utility and assembler.
Final report on "Modeling Diurnal Variations of California Land Biosphere CO2 Fluxes"
Fung, Inez
In Mediterranean climates, the season of water availability (winter) is out of phase with the season of light availability and atmospheric demand for moisture (summer). Multi-year half-hourly observations of sap flow velocities in 26 evergreen trees in a small watershed in Northern California show that different species of evergreen trees have different seasonalities of transpiration: Douglas-firs respond immediately to the first winter rain, while Pacific madrones have peak transpiration in the dry summer. Using these observations, we have derived species-specific parameterization of normalized sap flow velocities in terms of insolation, vapor pressure deficit and near-surface soil moisture. A simple 1-D boundary layer model showed that afternoon temperatures may be higher by 1 degree Celsius in an area with Douglas-firs than with Pacific madrones. The results point to the need to develop a new representation of subsurface moisture, in particular pools beneath the organic soil mantle and the vadose zone. Our ongoing and future work includes coupling our new parameterization of transpiration with new representation of sub-surface moisture in saprolite and weathered bedrock. The results will be implemented in a regional climate model to explore vegetation-climate feedbacks, especially in the dry season.
Astrophysics of Dust in Cold Clouds
B. T. Draine
Nine lectures reviewing the astrophysics of dust in interstellar clouds. Topics include: (1) Summary of observational evidence concerning interstellar dust: broadband extinction, scattering of starlight, polarization of starlight, spectroscopy of dust, IR and FIR emission, and depletions of grain-forming elements. (2) Optics of interstellar dust grains: dielectric functions of nonconducting and conducting materials, calculational techniques, formulae valid in the Rayleigh limit, Kramers-Kronig relations, microwave emission mechanisms, and X-ray scattering. (3) IR and FIR emission: heating of interstellar dust, including single-photon heating, and resulting IR emission spectrum. (4) Charging of dust grains: collisional charging, photoelectric emission, and resulting charge distribution functions. (5) Dynamics: gas drag, Lorentz force, forces due to anisotropic radiation, and resulting drift velocities. (6) Rotational dynamics: brownian rotation, suprathermal rotation, and effects of starlight torques. (7) Alignment of interstellar dust: observations and theories. (8) Evolution of the grain population: dust formation in outflows, grain growth in the ISM, photodesorption, and grain destruction in shock waves. (9) Effects of dust grains: photoelectric heating, H2 formation, ion recombination, coupling of gas to magnetic fields, and dust grains as indicators of magnetic field direction.
The far-infrared--submm spectral energy distribution of high-redshift quasars
Robert S. Priddey; Richard G. McMahon
We combine submm photometric data of z>4 quasars, to obtain a mean far-infrared (FIR) (rest-frame) spectral energy distribution (SED) of thermal emission from dust, parameterised by a single temperature (T) and power-law emissivity index (beta). Best-fit values are T=41+/-5K, beta=1.95+/-0.3. The redshift spread of this set of quasars is exploited to allow us to sample the SED at a greater number of rest wavelengths than is possible for a single object. This parameterisation is of use to any study that extrapolates from a flux at a single submm wavelength, for example to infer dust masses and FIR luminosities. We then interpret the submm component as arising from dust heated by star-formation in the quasar's host galaxy, and investigate a simple scheme of AGN--host coevolution, in which the timescale for formation of the host galaxy is c.0.5-1.0Gyr, with star formation proceeding at a constant rate c.1000Msol/yr. The luminous quasar phase occurs towards the end of the star-forming period, just before the galaxy's reservoir of cold gas is depleted. Given the youth of the Universe at z=4 (1.6Gyr), the coexistence of a massive black hole and a luminous starburst can be a powerful constraint on models of quasar host-galaxy formation.
Infrared Emission of Normal Galaxies from 2.5 to 12 Microns: ISO Spectra, Near-Infrared Continuum and Mid-Infrared Emission Features
Nanyao Lu; George Helou; Michael W. Werner; Harriet L. Dinerstein; Daniel A. Dale; Nancy A. Silbermann; Sangeeta Malhotra; Charles A. Beichman; Thomas H. Jarrett
We present ISO-PHOT spectra of the regions 2.5-4.9um and 5.8-11.6um for a sample of 45 disk galaxies from the U.S. ISO Key Project on Normal Galaxies. The spectra can be decomposed into three spectral components: (1) continuum emission from stellar photospheres, which dominates the near-infrared (2.5- 4.9um; NIR) spectral region; (2) a weak NIR excess continuum, which has a color temperature of ~ 1000K, carries a luminosity of a few percent of the total far-infrared luminosity L(FIR), and most likely arises from the ISM; and (3) the well-known broad emission features at 6.2, 7.7, 8.6 and 11.3 um, which are generally attributed to aromatic carbon particles. These aromatic features in emission (AFEs) dominate the mid-infrared (5.8-11.6 um; MIR) part of the spectrum, and resemble the so-called Type-A spectra observed in many non-stellar sources and the diffuse ISM in our own Galaxy. The relative strengths of the AFEs vary by 15-25% among the galaxies. However, little correlation is seen between these variations and either IRAS 60um-to-100um flux density ratio R(60/100) or the FIR-to-blue luminosity ratio L(FIR)/L(B), suggesting that the observed variations are not a direct consequence of the radiation field differences among the galaxies. We demonstrate that the NIR excess continuum and AFE emission are correlated, suggesting that they are produced by similar mechanisms and similar (or the same) material. On the other hand, as the current star-formation activity increases, the overall strengths of the AFEs and the NIR excess continuum drop significantly with respect to that of the far-infrared emission from large dust grains. This is likely a consequence of the preferential destruction in intense radiation fields of the small carriers responsible for the NIR/AFE emission.
He I vector magnetic field maps of a sunspot and its superpenumbral fine-structure
Schad, T A; Lin, H; Tritschler, A
Advanced inversions of high-resolution spectropolarimetric observations of the He I triplet at 1083 nm are used to generate unique maps of the chromospheric magnetic field vector across a sunspot and its superpenumbral canopy. The observations were acquired by the Facility Infrared Spectropolarimeter (FIRS) at the Dunn Solar Telescope (DST) on 29 January 2012. Multiple atmospheric models are employed in the inversions, as superpenumbral Stokes profiles are dominated by atomic-level polarization while sunspot profiles are Zeeman-dominated but also exhibit signatures perhaps induced by symmetry breaking effects of the radiation field incident on the chromospheric material. We derive the equilibrium magnetic structure of a sunspot in the chromosphere, and further show that the superpenumbral magnetic field does not appear finely structured, unlike the observed intensity structure. This suggests fibrils are not concentrations of magnetic flux but rather distinguished by individualized thermalization. We also dire...
OBSERVATIONS OF Arp 220 USING HERSCHEL-SPIRE: AN UNPRECEDENTED VIEW OF THE MOLECULAR GAS IN AN EXTREME STAR FORMATION ENVIRONMENT
Rangwala, Naseem; Maloney, Philip R.; Glenn, Jason; Kamenetzky, Julia [Center for Astrophysics and Space Astronomy, University of Colorado, 1255 38th street, Boulder, CO 80303 (United States); Wilson, Christine D.; Mentuch, Erin; Schirm, Maximilien R. P. [Department of Physics and Astronomy, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4M1 (Canada); Rykala, Adam [School of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University, Queens Buildings The Parade, Cardiff CF24 3AA (United Kingdom); Isaak, Kate [ESA Astrophysics Missions Division, ESTEC, PO Box 299, 2200 AG Noordwijk (Netherlands); Baes, Maarten [Sterrenkundig Observatorium, Universiteit Gent, Krijgslaan 281 S9, B-9000 Gent (Belgium); Bendo, George J. [UK ALMA Regional Centre Node, Jordell Bank Center for Astrophysics, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL (United Kingdom); Boselli, Alessandro [Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille, UMR6110 CNRS, 38 rue F. Joliot-Curie, F-13388 Marseille (France); Bradford, Charles M. [JPL, Pasadena, CA 91109 (United States); Clements, D. L. [Astrophysics Group, Imperial College, Blackett Laboratory, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2AZ (United Kingdom); Cooray, Asantha [Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697 (United States); Fulton, Trevor; Imhof, Peter [Blue Sky Spectroscopy Inc, Suite 9-740 4th Avenue South, Lethbridge, Alberta T1J 0N9 (Canada); Madden, Suzanne C.; Sauvage, Marc [CEA, Laboratoire AIM, Irfu/SAp, Orme des Merisiers, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette (France); Sacchi, Nicola [Istituto di Fisica dello Spazio Interplanetario, INAF, Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, I-00133 Roma (Italy); and others
We present Herschel Spectral and Photometric Imaging Receiver Fourier Transform Spectrometer (Herschel SPIRE-FTS) observations of Arp 220, a nearby ultra-luminous infrared galaxy. The FTS provides continuous spectral coverage from 190 to 670 {mu}m, a wavelength region that is either very difficult to observe or completely inaccessible from the ground. The spectrum provides a good measurement of the continuum and detection of several molecular and atomic species. We detect luminous CO (J = 4-3 to 13-12) and water rotational transitions with comparable total luminosity {approx}2 Multiplication-Sign 10{sup 8} L{sub Sun }; very high-J transitions of HCN (J = 12-11 to 17-16) in absorption; strong absorption features of rare species such as OH{sup +}, H{sub 2}O{sup +}, and HF; and atomic lines of [C I] and [N II]. The modeling of the continuum shows that the dust is warm, with T = 66 K, and has an unusually large optical depth, with {tau}{sub dust} {approx} 5 at 100 {mu}m. The total far-infrared luminosity of Arp 220 is L{sub FIR} {approx} 2 Multiplication-Sign 10{sup 12} L{sub Sun }. Non-LTE modeling of the extinction corrected CO rotational transitions shows that the spectral line energy distribution of CO is fit well by two temperature components: cold molecular gas at T {approx} 50 K and warm molecular gas at T {approx} 1350{sup +280}{sub -100} K (the inferred temperatures are much lower if CO line fluxes are not corrected for dust extinction). These two components are not in pressure equilibrium. The mass of the warm gas is 10% of the cold gas, but it dominates the CO luminosity. The ratio of total CO luminosity to the total FIR luminosity is L{sub CO}/L{sub FIR} {approx} 10{sup -4} (the most luminous lines, such as J = 6-5, have L{sub CO,J=6-5}/L{sub FIR} {approx} 10{sup -5}). The temperature of the warm gas is in excellent agreement with the observations of H{sub 2} rotational lines. At 1350 K, H{sub 2} dominates the cooling ({approx}20 L{sub Sun} M{sup -1}{sub Sun }) in the interstellar medium compared to CO ({approx}0.4 L{sub Sun} M{sup -1}{sub Sun }). We have ruled out photodissociation regions, X-ray-dominated regions, and cosmic rays as likely sources of excitation of this warm molecular gas, and found that only a non-ionizing source can heat this gas; the mechanical energy from supernovae and stellar winds is able to satisfy the large energy budget of {approx}20 L{sub Sun} M{sup -1}{sub Sun }. Analysis of the very high-J lines of HCN strongly indicates that they are solely populated by infrared pumping of photons at 14 {mu}m. This mechanism requires an intense radiation field with T > 350 K. We detect a massive molecular outflow in Arp 220 from the analysis of strong P Cygni line profiles observed in OH{sup +}, H{sub 2}O{sup +}, and H{sub 2}O. The outflow has a mass {approx}> 10{sup 7} M{sub Sun} and is bound to the nuclei with velocity {approx}< 250 km s{sup -1}. The large column densities observed for these molecular ions strongly favor the existence of an X-ray luminous AGN (10{sup 44} erg s{sup -1}) in Arp 220.
Autothermal reforming catalyst having perovskite structure
Krumpel, Michael (Naperville, IL); Liu, Di-Jia (Naperville, IL)
The invention addressed two critical issues in fuel processing for fuel cell application, i.e. catalyst cost and operating stability. The existing state-of-the-art fuel reforming catalyst uses Rh and platinum supported over refractory oxide which add significant cost to the fuel cell system. Supported metals agglomerate under elevated temperature during reforming and decrease the catalyst activity. The catalyst is a perovskite oxide or a Ruddlesden-Popper type oxide containing rare-earth elements, catalytically active firs row transition metal elements, and stabilizing elements, such that the catalyst is a single phase in high temperature oxidizing conditions and maintains a primarily perovskite or Ruddlesden-Popper structure under high temperature reducing conditions. The catalyst can also contain alkaline earth dopants, which enhance the catalytic activity of the catalyst, but do not compromise the stability of the perovskite structure.
Mortality of regeneration during skyline logging of a shelterwood overstory
Tesch, S.D.; Lysne, D.H.; Mann, J.W.; Helgerson, O.T.
The overstorey was felled in July and August 1980 on a 9-ha site on a 65% slope near Medford, Oregon, where a single regeneration cut was made in 1977 and the area was underplanted with Douglas fir and ponderosa pine in 1978. Before logging, seedlings (height 5-400 cm) were found on 35% of sample plots. Felling killed 22% of seedlings. Yarding using a running skyline yarder with a mechanical slack-pulling carriage killed 28% of seedlings that survived felling. Mortality was least in the 61-100 cm height class. It is concluded that a logging plan that minimizes corridor width and number of corridors converging at a single landing gives the best distribution of seedlings after the final cut. 2 references.
Discrete time robust control systems under structured perturbations: stability manifolds and extremal properties
Tin, Marie-Lyne Appoline
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The nearby universe observed in far-infrared and in ultraviolet: an analysis of the dust attenuation and the star formation activity
V. Buat
We discuss the dust attenuation and the star formation rates in the nearby universe obtained from a comparison of far-infrared (IRAS) and ultraviolet (GALEX) observations. The ratio of the dust to UV flux ratio is used to derive the dust attenuation: this dust attenuation is found to increase with the luminosity of the galaxies and from z=0 to z=1. The slope of the UV continuum is found to be a very poor tracer of the dust attenuation in "normal" galaxies. Galaxies selected by their UV emission are found to be rather quiescent with a recent star formation rate equal to only 25-30% of the past averaged one. Galaxies selected in FIR appear slightly more active in star formation.
High-intensity drying processes: Impulse drying. Annual report
Orloff, D.I.; Phelan, P.M.
Experiments were conducted on a sheet-fed pilot-scale shoe press to compare impulse drying and double-felted pressing. Both an IPST (Institute of Paper Science and Technology) ceramic coated and Beloit Type A press roll were evaluated for lienrboard sheet structures having a wide range of z-direction permeability. Purpose was to find ways of correcting sheet sticking problems observed in previous pilot-scale shoe press experiments. Results showed that impulse drying was superior to double felted pressing in both press dryness and in important paper physical properties. Impulse drying critical temperature was found to depend on specific surface of the heated layer of the sheet, thermal properties of the press roll surface, and choice of felt. Impulse drying of recycled and two-ply liner was demonstrated for both Southern Pile and Douglas fir-containing furnishes.
Abies concolor growth responses to vegatation changes following shrub removal, northern Sierra Nevada, California. Forest Service research paper (Final)
Conard, S.G.; Sparks, S.R.
Conifer productivity in western North America is often severely inhibited by competing vegetation. Abies concolor (Gord, and Glendl.) Lindl. (white fir) is an important species over much of this area, yet little information is available on response of A. concolor to vegetation management treatments. We revisited two sites in the northern Sierra Nevada to assess the responses of naturally regenerated A. concolor saplings to vegetation recovery 8-9 years after release treatments. Treatments caused major and persistent shifts in vegetation structure and composition on both sites. Differences in individual tree growth within treatments were strongly correlated with structure and composition of neighboring vegetation, even where no treatment effects were observed. Great variability in response between sites illustrates the strong effect of site characteristics on response to release treatments and the importance to managers of anticipating such differences before making treatment decisions.
The PHA and the FHAs for the SWOC MDSA (HNF-14741) identified multiple accident scenarios in which vehicles powered by flammable gases (e.g., propane), or combustible or flammable liquids (e.g., gasoline, LPG) are involved in accidents that result in an unconfined vapor cloud explosion (UVCE) or in a boiling liquid expanding vapor explosion (BLEVE), respectively. These accident scenarios are binned in the Bridge document as FIR-9 scenarios. They are postulated to occur in any of the MDSA facilities. The LPG storage area will be in the southeast corner of CWC that is relatively remote from store distaged MAR. The location is approximately 30 feet south of MO-289 and 250 feet east of 2401-W by CWC Gate 10 in a large staging area for unused pallets and equipment.
Final Progress Report on Model-Based Diagnosis of Soil Limitations to Forest Productivity
Luxmoore, R.J.
This project was undertaken in support of the forest industry to link modeling of nutrients and productivity with field research to identify methods for enhancing soil quality and forest productivity and for alleviating soil limitations to sustainable forest productivity. The project consisted of a series of related tasks, including (1) simulation of changes in biomass and soil carbon with nitrogen fertilization, (2) development of spreadsheet modeling tools for soil nutrient availability and tree nutrient requirements, (3) additional modeling studies, and (4) evaluation of factors involved in the establishment and productivity of southern pine plantations in seasonally wet soils. This report also describes the two Web sites that were developed from the research to assist forest managers with nutrient management of Douglas-fir and loblolly pine plantations.
Status: State Possibly Extirpated
Tauschia Tenuissima; Rank Gsx
when less than 4 inches tall; bulb-like root, 1/2 inch in diameter; leaves few, glabrous, divided three or more times into 3-13 narrow, linear segments up to 2 inches long and 1/2 inch wide. The flowers are white- to cream colored; rays of the umbel mostly 4-8, elongating unequally, the longer ones 2-6 inches long; pedicels very short, less than 1/8 inch long. The fruits are somewhat elliptic and lacking side wings. Identification Tips: The most distinctive features of this species are its early flowering, preference for meadowy habitats, and irregular umbels (see general description above). The species is difficult to locate unless it is found in rather dense patches. When growing in this manner, the distinctive creamy-white flowers are possible to identify, even from a distance. The genus Tauschia can easily be confused with the much larger genus Lomatium. Fortunately, no Lomatium species are found flowering in the same meadowy habitats in early spring. Mature fruits of Lomatium are flattened and winged, while those of Tauschia are cylindrical and lack wings. Phenology: Flowering occurs in early spring (April) often when the plant is only 1 inch tall. As the season continues (through May) the flower stems eventually elongate up to about 6 inches. Range: Regional endemic; currently known from northern ID and historically known from Spokane County, WA in the Columbia Basin physiographic province. Habitat: The species occupies grassy openings in moist to wet habitats. This includes meadows, river floodplains, and streambanks. Generally the areas are flat, although a few sites in Idaho were found on moderate slopes with perched water tables. Elevations range between 2580 to 3200 feet. The substrates tend to be productive silt/loams (loess) or alluvium. Some sites are known from the Palouse region in Idaho, however, the best sites are known from areas where meadows are surrounded by mixed coniferous forests of grand fir, Douglas fir,
High conversion Th-U{sup 233} fuel assembly for current generation of PWRs
Baldova, D.; Fridman, E. [Reactor Safety Div., Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, POB 510119, Dresden, 01314 (Germany)
This paper presents a preliminary design of a high conversion Th-U{sup 233} fuel assembly applicable for current generation of Pressurized Water Reactor (PWRs). The considered fuel assembly has a typical 17 x 17 PWR lattice. However in order to increase the conversion of Th{sup 232} to U{sup 233}, the assembly was subdivided into the two regions called seed and blanket. The central seed region has a higher than blanket U{sup 233} content and acts as a neutron source for the peripheral blanket region. The latest acts as a U{sup 233} breeder. While the seed fuel pins have a standard dimensions the blanket fuel radius was increased in order to reduce the moderation and to facilitate the resonance neutron absorption in blanket Th{sup 232}. The U{sup 233} content in the seed and blanket regions was optimized to achieve maximal initial to discharged fissile inventory ratio (FIR) taking into account the target fuel cycle length of 12 months with 3-batch reloading scheme. In this study the neutronic calculations were performed on the fuel assembly level using Helios deterministic lattice transport code. The fuel cycle length and the core k{sub eff} were estimated by applying the Non Linear Reactivity Model. The applicability of the HELIOS code for the analysis of the Th-based high conversion designs was confirmed with the help of continuous-energy Monte-Carlo code SERPENT. The results of optimization studies show that for the heterogeneous seed and blanket (SB) fuel assembly the FIR of about 0.95 can be achieved. (authors)
THE NATURE OF THE SECOND PARAMETER IN THE IRX-{beta} RELATION FOR LOCAL GALAXIES
Grasha, Kathryn; Calzetti, Daniela; Andrews, Jennifer E. [Astronomy Department, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 (United States); Lee, Janice C. [STScI, 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218 (United States); Dale, Daniel A., E-mail: email@example.com [Department of Physics, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071 (United States)
We present an analysis of 98 galaxies of low-dust content, selected from the Spitzer Local Volume Legacy survey, aimed at examining the relation between the ultraviolet (UV) color and dust attenuation in normal star-forming galaxies. The IRX-{beta} diagram relates the total dust attenuation in a galaxy, traced by the far-IR (FIR) to UV ratio, to the observed UV color, indicated by {beta}. Previous research has indicated that while starburst galaxies exhibit a relatively tight IRX-{beta} relation, normal star-forming galaxies do not, and have a much larger spread in the total-IR to far-UV (FUV) luminosity for a fixed UV color. We examine the role that the age of the stellar population plays as the ''second parameter'' responsible for the observed deviation and spread of star-forming galaxies from the starburst relation. We model the FUV to FIR spectral energy distribution of each galaxy according to two broad bins of star formation history (SFH): constant and instantaneous burst. We find clear trends between stellar population mean age estimators (extinction-corrected FUV/NIR, U - B, and EW(H{alpha})) and the UV color {beta}; the trends are mostly driven by the galaxies best-described by instantaneous burst populations. We also find a significant correlation between {beta} and the mean age directly determined from the best-fit instantaneous models. As already indicated by other authors, the UV attenuation in star-forming galaxies may not be recovered with the UV color alone and is highly influenced by the stellar population's mean age and SFH. Overall, the scatter in the IRX-{beta} diagram is better correlated with {beta} than with the perpendicular distance, d{sub p}.
Paying Too Much for Energy? The True Costs of Our Energy Choices
Looney, Adam
Energy consumption is critical to economic growth and quality of life. America's energy system, however, is malfunctioning. The status quo is characterized by a tilted playing field, where energy choices are based on the ...
A study of the almost sequential mechanism of true ternary fission
Tashkhodjaev, R B; Nasirov, A K; von Oertzen, W; Oh, Yongseok
We consider the collinear ternary fission which is a sequential ternary decay with a very short time between the ruptures of two necks connecting the middle cluster of the ternary nuclear system and outer fragments. In particular, we consider the case where the Coulomb field of the first massive fragment separated during the first step of the fission produces a lower pre-scission barrier in the second step of the residual part of the ternary system. In this case, we obtain a probability of about $10^{-3}$ for the yield of massive clusters such as \
Royer, Michael P.
This document analyzes the optical, material, and photobiological hazards of LED light sources compared to conventional light sources. It documents that LEDs generally produce the same amount of blue light, which is the primary contributor to the risks, as other sources at the same CCT. Duv may have some effect on the amount of blue light, but CRI does not.
Fermat, Leibniz, Euler, and the Gang: The True History of the
Nowik, Tahl
exploits the standard part principle (see Keisler 2012 [67, p. 36]). Mikhail G. Katz is professor of the AMS Volume 61, Number 8 #12;In the context of ordered fields E, the standard part principle
Increase Your Boiler Pressure to Decrease Your Electric Bill: The True Cost of CHP
Downing, A.
The majority of small scale steam turbine generator projects are installed as an afterthought to overall plant design. As a plant manager or process engineer, the primary concern is providing the process with the thermal load it needs at the lowest...
dance. But, if we assume that the true iron abundance of the hot interstellar medium is
Tlusty, Tsvi
that the hot compo- nent is not in hydrostatic equilibrium and is the basic driving force for the galactic wind outflow of chemically enriched material into the intergalactic medium. Such high- temperature plasmas, D. A. Schwartz, J. Schwarz, J. C. Blades, Astrophys. J. 230, L21 (1979). 9. M. G. Watson, V. Stanger
Direct Methanol Fuel Cell Power Supply For All-Day True Wireless Mobile Computing
Brian Wells
PolyFuel has developed state-of-the-art portable fuel cell technology for the portable computing market. A novel approach to passive water recycling within the MEA has led to significant system simplification and size reduction. Miniature stack technology with very high area utilization and minimalist seals has been developed. A highly integrated balance of plant with very low parasitic losses has been constructed around the new stack design. Demonstration prototype systems integrated with laptop computers have been shown in recent months to leading OEM computer manufacturers. PolyFuel intends to provide this technology to its customers as a reference design as a means of accelerating the commercialization of portable fuel cell technology. The primary goal of the project was to match the energy density of a commercial lithium ion battery for laptop computers. PolyFuel made large strides against this goal and has now demonstrated 270 Wh/liter compared with lithium ion energy densities of 300 Wh/liter. Further, more incremental, improvements in energy density are envisioned with an additional 20-30% gains possible in each of the next two years given further research and development.
sion spectra at room temperature18 . The same is not true of the rigid,
Cai, Long
. & Alivisatos, A. Light-emitting diodes made from cadmium selenide nanocrystals and a semiconducting polymer emitting diodes made with CdSe(CdS) core/shell type nanocrystals and a semiconducting polymer. J. Appl, 8706Ł8715 (1993). 5. Schlamp, M. C., Peng, X. G. & Alivisatos, A. P. Improved efficiencies in light
Boyer, Edmond
this temperature rises- moderately and sooner or later, depending on RF- power and gas pressure, it levels off
Analysis of true fully adaptive routing with software-based deadlock recovery
Khonsari, A.; Sarbazi-Azad, H.
Khonsari,A. Sarbazi-Azad,H. Ould-Khaoua,M. Journal of Systems and Software, vol. 71, no. 3 , May 2004 pp 259-270 Elsevier Science
The Property Rights Movement's Embrace of Intellectual Property: True Love or Doomed Relationship?
Menell, Peter S.
business without a network administrator uses Aimster toadministrators remove a video, users can simply upload the file again. ö http://www.forbes.com/technology/2006/11/28/piracy-networks-
n dreams our deepest wishes become true. Our unconscious brains work unceasingly
of "cognitive neuroscience" is leading us closer to the secrets of language. Using PET scans that can map moment-by- moment changes in oxygen consumption in working brains, it is possible to see which areas of the brain conversations. PET scans reveal, for instance, the close proximity of the "motor" areas responsible for speech
Y-12 uranium storage facility?a Źdream come true,? part 2
Broader source: All U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office Webpages (Extended Search)
2 Last week we introduced Shirley Cox and began a two-part series on her career at Y-12 leading up to the recommendation that the Highly Enriched Uranium Materials Facility be...
Robert Musil and the (de)colonization of "This True Inner Africa"
Stuart, Karen Dawn
mehr inÆs Bewusstsein tritt. ö 88 Ibid. III:11, p.362. 89ein, Wald brach unter ihrem Tritt, Und die Sterne liefendieser Beziehungen tritt ein geheimnisvoll schwellendes und
Density functional theory approach to gold-ligand interactions: Separating true effects from artifacts
Koppen, Jessica V.; Szcz??niak, Ma?gorzata M., E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [Department of Chemistry, Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan 48309 (United States); Hapka, Micha?; Modrzejewski, Marcin [Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warszawa (Poland); Cha?asi?ski, Grzegorz [Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warszawa (Poland); Department of Chemistry, Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan 48309 (United States)
Donor-acceptor interactions are notoriously difficult and unpredictable for conventional density functional theory (DFT) methodologies. This work presents a reliable computational treatment of gold-ligand interactions of the donor-acceptor type within DFT. These interactions require a proper account of the ionization potential of the electron donor and electron affinity of the electron acceptor. This is accomplished in the Generalized Kohn Sham framework that allows one to relate these properties to the frontier orbitals in DFT via the tuning of range-separated functionals. A donor and an acceptor typically require different tuning schemes. This poses a problem when the binding energies are calculated using the supermolecular method. A two-parameter tuning for the monomer properties ensures that a common functional, optimal for both the donor and the acceptor, is found. A reliable DFT approach for these interactions also takes into account the dispersion contribution. The approach is validated using the water dimer and the (HAuPH{sub 3}){sub 2} aurophilic complex. Binding energies are computed for Au{sub 4} interacting with the following ligands: SCN{sup ?}, benzenethiol, benzenethiolate anion, pyridine, and trimethylphosphine. The results agree for the right reasons with coupled-cluster reference values.
The Insulation Energy Appraisal Assessing the True Value of Insulated System
Schell, S.
Insulation remains a seriously under-utilized technology in the manufacturing and industrial sectors of the economy even though its role in energy efficiency and environmental preservation is clear. The objective of the presentation is to educate...
Doomed to die? Predicting extinction risk in the true hawks Accipitridae
Kr³ger, Oliver
is identifying species at risk from extinction and establishing the most likely factors influencing this risk with lower extinction risk and larger population and range sizes. Species with special habitat requirements the size of the species' gene pool and could be a good marker of extinction risk. The analyses also
TRUE, F. W. 1904. The whalebone whales of the western North Atlan-
OF DUNGENESS CRAB, CANCER MAGISTER, ON PUGET SOUND, WASHINGTON, BEACHESI There are two major methods employed in the sport fishery for the Dungeness crab, Cancer magister, in Puget Sound, Wash. The first is a passive to estimate low tide usage of Puget Sound beaches for clam digging and crab- bing. By summer 1973, enough data
To appear in Topics in Cognitive Science How Can Philosophy be a True Cognitive Science Discipline?
Bechtel, William
and cognitive neuroscience. Second, analyses of mental representation address both their vehicle in the autonomous disciplines. Indeed, for those discussions that do not afford linkage to the rest of cognitive
May All Your Wishes Come True: A Study of Wishes and How to Recognize Them
Liblit, Ben
, people from around the world offered up their wishes to be printed on confetti and dropped from the sky then printed on confetti and dropped from the sky at midnight on December 31, 2007 in sync with the ball drop are expressed, and how such wishful expressions can be automatically recog- nized, are open questions in natural
The Property Rights Movement's Embrace of Intellectual Property: True Love or Doomed Relationship?
Menell, Peter S.
The Market's Response to SonyÆs ōStaple Article of CommerceöThe fair use aspect of the Sony case has been cited inthe Vicious Circularity: Sony's Contribution to the Fair Use
Robert Musil and the (de)colonization of "This True Inner Africa"
Stuart, Karen Dawn
1989. Perronnet, Jacques. ōIsis und Osiris. ö Beitrõge zurRu▀egger, Arno. ōæIsis und OsirisÆ: Zur Metafiktionalitõt inNorth African sibling gods, Isis and Osiris. Musil wrote the
ow much of what you know today will be true tomorrow? In a week's
Bergstrom, Carl T.
. Simkin and V. P. Roychowdhury Complex Sys. 14, 269Ł274; 2003), can we join Arbesman in the presumption
On the true nature of transfer reactions leading to the complete fusion of projectile and target
G. Mouze; C. Ythier
The transfer of nucleons in hot-fusion reactions occurs within 0.17 yoctosecond, in a new state of nuclear matter. We suggest that the same state should show itself in an early stage of the phenomena occurring in nucleus-nucleus collisions realized at relativistic energies.
Increase Your Boiler Pressure to Decrease Your Electric Bill: The True Cost of CHPĀ
Downing, A.
benefit of clean, low cost and reliable onsite power production. Introduction What if plant designers could create a payback on a replacement or new boiler? Operators still get the heat for the process, but now instead of a large capital investment... is not complicated and produces real savings. For our analysis, a company is examining the economic and operating variables inherit with replacing their current 65 psig low pressure boiler with a high pressure 400 psig boiler. They still only require 65 psig...
U-028: Microsoft Windows win32k.sys TrueType Font Parsing Vulnerability
Broader source: Energy.gov [DOE]
A vulnerability has been reported in Microsoft Windows, which can be exploited by malicious people to compromise a user's system.
True grit: Brock is climbing her way to August 27, 2013
and willingness to volunteer for novel projects, including her current Lab project: radiation detection
Dark matter and dark energy proposals: maintaining cosmology as a true science?
George F. R. Ellis
I consider the relation of explanations for the observed data to testability in the following contexts: observational and experimental detection of dark matter; observational and experimental detection of dark energy or a cosmological constant $\\Lambda$; observational or experimental testing of the multiverse proposal to explain a small non-zero value of $\\Lambda$; and observational testing of the possibility of large scale spatial inhomogeneity with zero $\\Lambda$.
Carbon Molecular Sieve Membrane as a True One Box Unit for Large Scale Hydrogen Production
Paul Liu
IGCC coal-fired power plants show promise for environmentally-benign power generation. In these plants coal is gasified to syngas then processed in a water gas-shift (WGS) reactor to maximize the hydrogen/CO{sub 2} content. The gas stream can then be separated into a hydrogen rich stream for power generation and/or further purified for sale as a chemical and a CO{sub 2} rich stream for the purpose of carbon capture and storage (CCS). Today, the separation is accomplished using conventional absorption/desorption processes with post CO{sub 2} compression. However, significant process complexity and energy penalties accrue with this approach, accounting for ~20% of the capital cost and ~27% parasitic energy consumption. Ideally, a Ō??one-boxŌ?Ø process is preferred in which the syngas is fed directly to the WGS reactor without gas pre-treatment, converting the CO to hydrogen in the presence of H{sub 2}S and other impurities and delivering a clean hydrogen product for power generation or other uses. The development of such a process is the primary goal of this project. Our proposed "one-box" process includes a catalytic membrane reactor (MR) that makes use of a hydrogen-selective, carbon molecular sieve (CMS) membrane, and a sulfur-tolerant Co/Mo/Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} catalyst. The membrane reactorŌ??s behavior has been investigated with a bench top unit for different experimental conditions and compared with the modeling results. The model is used to further investigate the design features of the proposed process. CO conversion >99% and hydrogen recovery >90% are feasible under the operating pressures available from IGCC. More importantly, the CMS membrane has demonstrated excellent selectivity for hydrogen over H{sub 2}S (>100), and shown no flux loss in the presence of a synthetic "tar"-like material, i.e., naphthalene. In summary, the proposed "one-box" process has been successfully demonstrated with the bench-top reactor. In parallel we have successfully designed and fabricated a full-scale CMS membrane and module for the proposed application. This full-scale membrane element is a 3" diameter with 30"L, composed of ~85 single CMS membrane tubes. The membrane tubes and bundles have demonstrated satisfactory thermal, hydrothermal, thermal cycling and chemical stabilities under an environment simulating the temperature, pressure and contaminant levels encountered in our proposed process. More importantly, the membrane module packed with the CMS bundle was tested for over 30 pressure cycles between ambient pressure and >300 -600 psi at 200 to 300┬░C without mechanical degradation. Finally, internal baffles have been designed and installed to improve flow distribution within the module, which delivered Ō?ź90% separation efficiency in comparison with the efficiency achieved with single membrane tubes. In summary, the full-scale CMS membrane element and module have been successfully developed and tested satisfactorily for our proposed one-box application; a test quantity of elements/modules have been fabricated for field testing. Multiple field tests have been performed under this project at National Carbon Capture Center (NCCC). The separation efficiency and performance stability of our full-scale membrane elements have been verified in testing conducted for times ranging from 100 to >250 hours of continuous exposure to coal/biomass gasifier off-gas for hydrogen enrichment with no gas pre-treatment for contaminants removal. In particular, "tar-like" contaminants were effectively rejected by the membrane with no evidence of fouling. In addition, testing was conducted using a hybrid membrane system, i.e., the CMS membrane in conjunction with the palladium membrane, to demonstrate that 99+% H{sub 2} purity and a high degree of CO{sub 2} capture could be achieved. In summary, the stability and performance of the full-scale hydrogen selective CMS membrane/module has been verified in multiple field tests in the presence of coal/biomass gasifier off-gas under this project. A promi
The true toughness of human cortical bone measured with realistically short cracks
Ritchie, Robert
crack-resistance curves. We find that after only 500 Ąm of cracking, the driving force for crack. However, the toughness in the longitudinal orientation, where cracks tend to follow the cement lines mechanisms, which act primarily in the crack wake to `shield' the crack from the applied driving force
MFR PAPER 1321 BOHDAN M. SLABYJ, DONN L. CREAMER, and RUTH H. TRUE
-bushel quantities (27.2 kg) in plastic mesh bags and held immersed in the ocean on a raft for I or 2 days small market was re- tained supplying the demand of certain ethnic groups in metropolitan areas
How to Calculate the True Cost of Steam | Department of Energy
Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) Indexed Site
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Google Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels DataDepartment of Energy Your Density Isn't YourTransport(Fact Sheet), GeothermalGridHYDROGEND D e e pShade Your Home inWill Youdotoof AHow
Natale, G.; Tuffs, R. J. [Max Planck Institute fuer Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, D-69117 Heidelberg (Germany); Xu, C. K.; Lu, N. [Infrared Processing and Analysis Center, California Institute of Technology 100-22, Pasadena, CA 91125 (United States); Popescu, C. C. [University of Central Lancashire, Preston, PR1 2HE (United Kingdom); Fischera, J. [Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Toronto, 60 Saint George Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3H8 (Canada); Lisenfeld, U. [Department de Fisica Teorica y del Cosmos, Universidad de Granada, Granada (Spain); Appleton, P. [NASA Herschel Science Center, IPAC, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 (United States); Dopita, M. [Research School of Astronomy and Astrophysics, The Australian National University, Cotter Road, Weston Creek, ACT 2611 (Australia); Duc, P.-A. [Laboratoire AIM, CEA/DSM-CNRS-Universite Paris Diderot, Dapnia/Service d'Astrophysique, CEA-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex (France); Gao, Y. [Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2 West Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008 (China); Reach, W. [Spitzer Science Center, IPAC, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 (United States); Sulentic, J. [Instituto de Astrofisica de AndalucIa, CSIC, Apdo. 3004, 18080, Granada (Spain); Yun, M., E-mail: email@example.com, E-mail: email@example.com [Department of Astronomy, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 (United States)
We analyze a comprehensive set of MIR/FIR observations of Stephan's Quintet (SQ), taken with the Spitzer Space Telescope. Our study reveals the presence of a luminous (L{sub IR} {approx} 4.6 x 10{sup 43} erg s{sup -1}) and extended component of infrared dust emission, not connected with the main bodies of the galaxies, but roughly coincident with the X-ray halo of the group. We fitted the inferred dust emission spectral energy distribution of this extended source and the other main infrared emission components of SQ, including the intergalactic shock, to elucidate the mechanisms powering the dust and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon emission, taking into account collisional heating by the plasma and heating through UV and optical photons. Combining the inferred direct and dust-processed UV emission to estimate the star formation rate (SFR) for each source we obtain a total SFR for SQ of 7.5 M{sub sun} yr{sup -1}, similar to that expected for non-interacting galaxies with stellar mass comparable to the SQ galaxies. Although star formation in SQ is mainly occurring at, or external to the periphery of the galaxies, the relation of SFR per unit physical area to gas column density for the brightest sources is similar to that seen for star formation regions in galactic disks. We also show that available sources of dust in the group halo can provide enough dust to produce up to L{sub IR} {approx} 10{sup 42} erg s{sup -1} powered by collisional heating. Though a minority of the total infrared emission (which we infer to trace distributed star-formation), this is several times higher than the X-ray luminosity of the halo, so could indicate an important cooling mechanism for the hot intergalactic medium (IGM) and account for the overall correspondence between FIR and X-ray emission. We investigate two potential modes of star formation in SQ consistent with the data, fueled either by gas from a virialized hot IGM continuously accreting onto the group, whose cooling is enhanced by grains injected from an in situ population of intermediate mass stars, or by interstellar gas stripped from the galaxies. The former mode offers a natural explanation for the observed baryon deficiency in the IGM of SQ as well as for the steep L{sub X}-T{sub X} relation of groups such as SQ with lower velocity dispersions.
Beirao, P.; Armus, L. [Spitzer Science Center, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 (United States); Helou, G. [Infrared Processing and Analysis Center, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 (United States); Appleton, P. N. [NASA Herschel Science Center, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 (United States); Smith, J.-D. T.; Croxall, K. V. [Department of Physics and Astronomy, Mail Drop 111, University of Toledo, 2801 West Bancroft Street, Toledo, OH 43606 (United States); Murphy, E. J. [Carnegie Observatories, Pasadena, CA 91101 (United States); Dale, D. A. [Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071 (United States); Draine, B. T.; Aniano, G. [Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544 (United States); Wolfire, M. G.; Bolatto, A. D. [Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742 (United States); Sandstrom, K. M.; Groves, B.; Schinnerer, E.; Rix, H.-W. [Max-Planck-Institut fuer Astronomie, Koenigstuhl 17, 69117 Heidelberg (Germany); Brandl, B. R. [Leiden Observatory, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9513, 2300 RA Leiden (Netherlands); Crocker, A. F. [Department of Astronomy, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 (United States); Hinz, J. L. [Steward Observatory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 (United States); Kennicutt, R. C., E-mail: email@example.com [Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA (United Kingdom); and others
NGC 1097 is a nearby Seyfert 1 galaxy with a bright circumnuclear starburst ring, a strong large-scale bar, and an active nucleus. We present a detailed study of the spatial variation of the far-infrared (FIR) [C II]158 {mu}m and [O I]63 {mu}m lines and mid-infrared H{sub 2} emission lines as tracers of gas cooling, and of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) bands as tracers of the photoelectric heating, using Herschel-PACS and Spitzer-IRS infrared spectral maps. We focus on the nucleus and the ring, and two star-forming regions (Enuc N and Enuc S). We estimated a photoelectric gas heating efficiency ([C II]158 {mu}m+[O I]63 {mu}m)/PAH in the ring about 50% lower than in Enuc N and S. The average 11.3/7.7 {mu}m PAH ratio is also lower in the ring, which may suggest a larger fraction of ionized PAHs, but no clear correlation with [C II]158 {mu}m/PAH(5.5-14 {mu}m) is found. PAHs in the ring are responsible for a factor of two more [C II]158 {mu}m and [O I]63 {mu}m emission per unit mass than PAHs in the Enuc S. spectral energy distribution (SED) modeling indicates that at most 25% of the FIR power in the ring and Enuc S can come from high-intensity photodissociation regions (PDRs), in which case G{sub 0} {approx} 10{sup 2.3} and n{sub H} {approx} 10{sup 3.5} cm{sup -3} in the ring. For these values of G{sub 0} and n{sub H}, PDR models cannot reproduce the observed H{sub 2} emission. Much of the H{sub 2} emission in the starburst ring could come from warm regions in the diffuse interstellar medium that are heated by turbulent dissipation or shocks.
LIDAR Wind Speed Measurement Analysis and Feed-Forward Blade Pitch Control for Load Mitigation in Wind Turbines: January 2010--January 2011
Dunne, F.; Simley, E.; Pao, L.Y.
This report examines the accuracy of measurements that rely on Doppler LIDAR systems to determine their applicability to wind turbine feed-forward control systems and discusses feed-forward control system designs that use preview wind measurements. Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR) systems are able to measure the speed of incoming wind before it interacts with a wind turbine rotor. These preview wind measurements can be used in feed-forward control systems designed to reduce turbine loads. However, the degree to which such preview-based control techniques can reduce loads by reacting to turbulence depends on how accurately the incoming wind field can be measured. The first half of this report examines the accuracy of different measurement scenarios that rely on coherent continuous-wave or pulsed Doppler LIDAR systems to determine their applicability to feed-forward control. In particular, the impacts of measurement range and angular offset from the wind direction are studied for various wind conditions. A realistic case involving a scanning LIDAR unit mounted in the spinner of a wind turbine is studied in depth with emphasis on choices for scan radius and preview distance. The effects of turbulence parameters on measurement accuracy are studied as well. Continuous-wave and pulsed LIDAR models based on typical commercially available units were used in the studies present in this report. The second half of this report discusses feed-forward control system designs that use preview wind measurements. Combined feedback/feed-forward blade pitch control is compared to industry standard feedback control when simulated in realistic turbulent above-rated winds. The feed-forward controllers are designed to reduce fatigue loads, increasing turbine lifetime and therefore reducing the cost of energy. Three feed-forward designs are studied: non-causal series expansion, Preview Control, and optimized FIR filter. The input to the feed-forward controller is a measurement of incoming wind speeds that could be provided by LIDAR. Non-causal series expansion and Preview Control methods reduce blade root loads but increase tower bending in simulation results. The optimized FIR filter reduces loads overall, keeps pitch rates low, and maintains rotor speed regulation and power capture, while using imperfect wind measurements provided by the spinning continuous-wave LIDAR model.
ōThe True Story of Seven Strangers Picked to Have Their Lives Tapedö: Studying Race as Constructed on Reality Television
Filoteo, Janie
, and The Voice. In other programs, viewers are encouraged to watch extended deleted scenes or follow-ups with participants by going to the programæs website though this type of participation is 3 The term...
BOHDAN M. SLABYJ, GORDON E. RAMSDELL, and RUTH H. TRUE Quality of Squid, II/ex illecebrosus,
, Mantles Canned in Oil Introduction Squid meat is equal to fish meat in protein content (16-20 percent ready for use either through the canning or freezing pro- cess. Frozen breaded squid shows promise
Qualification Plan for Phase One of True-MidPacific Geothermal Venture: James Campbell - Kahaualea Project, Island of Hawaii
The objective of this project is to develop the geothermal resources of the James Campbell Estate, comprising acres in the Puna District of the Island of Hawaii. The geothermal resource is assumed to exist in the vicinity of the East Rift of the Kilauea volcano. The location of the proposed geothermal well field and the geothermal-electric power plant are shown on Dwg. No. E-04-001. Access to the project area will be provided by a new road extension from the boundary road south from Glenwood on Highway 11.
The Living Building Challenge v1.0 In Pursuit of True Sustainability in the Built Environment
Zaferatos, Nicholas C.
F. McLennan, CEO CASCADIA Region Green Building Council ┬Ę Draft Version 1.1 ┬Ę December 2006 Jason F Building Challenge - copyright 2006 - Cascadia Region Green Building Council, all rights reserved. The Living Building Challenge is a copyrighted document owned solely by the Cascadia Region Green Building
Barri, Moatasim Asaad
have evaluated the impact of exposed anchor items on the IRT equating process using Monte Carlo investigations (Jurich, DeMars, & Goodman, 2012; Jurich, Goodman, & Becker, 2010). However, studies of item exposure up to this date 3 have not placed... condition that included examinees with a low level of ability or the condition with the organized item theft group. Few studies have investigated the impact of exposed anchor items on the IRT equating process using Monte Carlo investigations. Jurich, De...
In what sense is it true to claim that mathematics is culture-free? David M. Davison, Ph.D.
Spagnolo, Filippo
of logarithms by John Napier and Henry Briggs. Tycho 139 #12;Brahe's astronomical calculations yielded immense
Dust emission in star-forming dwarf galaxies: General properties and the nature of the sub-mm excess
Izotov, Y I; Fricke, K J; Krugel, E; Henkel, C
We studied the global characteristics of dust emission in a large sample of emission-line star-forming galaxies. The sample consists of two subsamples. One subsample (SDSS sample) includes ~4000 compact star-forming galaxies from the SDSS, which were also detected in all four bands at 3.4, 4.6, 12, and 22 mum of the WISE all-sky survey. The second subsample (Herschel sample) is a sample of 28 compact star-forming galaxies observed with Herschel in the FIR range. Data of the Herschel sample were supplemented by the photometric data from the Spitzer observations, GALEX, SDSS, WISE, 2MASS, NVSS, and FIRST surveys, as well as optical and Spitzer spectra and data in sub-mm and radio ranges. It is found that warm dust luminosities of galaxies from the SDSS sample and cold and warm dust luminosities of galaxies from the Herschel sample are strongly correlated with Hbeta luminosities, which implies that one of the main sources of dust heating in star-forming galaxies is ionising UV radiation of young stars. Using the...
Direct detector for terahertz radiation
Wanke, Michael C. (Albuquerque, NM); Lee, Mark (Albuquerque, NM); Shaner, Eric A. (Albuquerque, NM); Allen, S. James (Santa Barbara, CA)
A direct detector for terahertz radiation comprises a grating-gated field-effect transistor with one or more quantum wells that provide a two-dimensional electron gas in the channel region. The grating gate can be a split-grating gate having at least one finger that can be individually biased. Biasing an individual finger of the split-grating gate to near pinch-off greatly increases the detector's resonant response magnitude over prior QW FET detectors while maintaining frequency selectivity. The split-grating-gated QW FET shows a tunable resonant plasmon response to FIR radiation that makes possible an electrically sweepable spectrometer-on-a-chip with no moving mechanical optical parts. Further, the narrow spectral response and signal-to-noise are adequate for use of the split-grating-gated QW FET in a passive, multispectral terahertz imaging system. The detector can be operated in a photoconductive or a photovoltaic mode. Other embodiments include uniform front and back gates to independently vary the carrier densities in the channel region, a thinned substrate to increase bolometric responsivity, and a resistive shunt to connect the fingers of the grating gate in parallel and provide a uniform gate-channel voltage along the length of the channel to increase the responsivity and improve the spectral resolution.
Infrared colour properties of nearby radio-luminous galaxies
Yang, Xiao-hong; Huang, Yan
By combining the data of the Two Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS), the Wide Field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) and the Akari satellite, we study the infrared colour properties of a sample of 2712 nearby radio-luminous galaxies (RLGs). These RLGs are divided into radio-loud (RL) active galactic nuclei (AGNs), mainly occurring at redshifts of $0.05$ 3.0. We also analyse the MIR colours of RL AGNs divided into low- and high-excitation radio galaxies (LERGs and HERGs, respectively). The ([3.4]-[4.6])$-$([4.6]-[12]) diagram clearly shows separate distributions of LERGs and HERGs and a region of overlap, which suggests that LERGs and HERGs have different MIR properties. LERGs are responsible for the double-core distribution of RL AGNs on the ([3.4]-[4.6])$-$([4.6]-[12]) diagram. In addition, we also suggest 90$-$140$\\mu$m band spectral index $\\alpha(90,140)<-1.4$ as a criterion of selecting nearby active galaxies with non-thermal emissions at FIR wavelengths.
Star formation in the cluster CLG0218.3-0510 at z=1.62 and its large-scale environment: the infrared perspective
Santos, Joana S; Tanaka, Masayuki; Valtchanov, Ivan; Saintonge, Amelie; Dickinson, Mark; Foucaud, Sebastien; Kodama, Tadayuki; Rawle, Tim D; Tadaki, Ken-ichi
The galaxy cluster CLG0218.3-0510 at z=1.62 is one of the most distant galaxy clusters known, with a rich muti-wavelength data set that confirms a mature galaxy population already in place. Using very deep, wide area (20x20 Mpc) imaging by Spitzer/MIPS at 24um, in conjunction with Herschel 5-band imaging from 100-500um, we investigate the dust-obscured, star-formation properties in the cluster and its associated large scale environment. Our galaxy sample of 693 galaxies at z=1.62 detected at 24um (10 spectroscopic and 683 photo-z) includes both cluster galaxies (i.e. within r <1 Mpc projected clustercentric radius) and field galaxies, defined as the region beyond a radius of 3 Mpc. The star-formation rates (SFRs) derived from the measured infrared luminosity range from 18 to 2500 Ms/yr, with a median of 55 Ms/yr, over the entire radial range (10 Mpc). The cluster brightest FIR galaxy, taken as the centre of the galaxy system, is vigorously forming stars at a rate of 256$\\pm$70 Ms/yr, and the total cluster ...
Panchromatic Estimation of Star Formation Rates in BzK Galaxies at 1
Kurczynski, Peter; Huynh, Minh; Ivison, Rob J; Treister, Ezequiel; Smail, Ian; Blanc, Guillermo A; Cardamone, Carolin N; Greve, Thomas R; Schinnerer, Eva; Urry, Meg; van der Werf, Paul; Walter, Fabian
We determine Star Formation Rates (SFRs) in a sample of color selected, star forming (sBzK) galaxies (K(AB)<21.8) in the Extended Chandra Deep Field - South (ECDF-S). To avoid AGN, we eliminate 12% of the original sample that have X-ray detections in Chandra catalogs. X-ray stacking, including in the 4 Ms CDF-S, shows that the remaining 597 sBzK galaxies are not dominated by obscured AGN. Photometric redshift binned, average flux densities are measured with stacking analyses in Chandra, Spitzer-MIPS, submillimeter, and radio data. We include averages of aperture fluxes in MUSYC UBVRIz'JHK images to determine UV-through-radio Spectral Energy Distributions (SEDs). We determine total IR luminosities, compare SFR calibrations from X-ray, UV, 24 micron, FIR and radio wavebands, and we find preferred calibrations for each waveband. We find consistency with our best estimator, SFR(IR+UV), to within a factor of two for dust corrected UV and the preferred radio SFR calibration. Our results show that 24 micron-only ...
Discovery of TeV gamma-ray emission from the Pulsar Wind Nebula 3C 58 by MAGIC
Bigas, O Blanch; Carmona, E; Pķrez-Torres, M A
The Pulsar Wind Nebula (PWN) 3C 58 is energized by one of the highest spin-down power pulsars known (5% of Crab pulsar) and it has been compared to the Crab Nebula due to their morphological similarities. This object was detected by Fermi-LAT with a spectrum extending beyond 100 GeV. We analyzed 81 hours of 3C 58 data taken with the MAGIC telescopes and we detected VHE gamma-ray emission for the first time at TeV energies with a significance of 5.7 sigma and an integral flux of 0.65% C.U. above 1 TeV. The differential energy spectrum between 400 GeV and 10 TeV is well described by a power-law function $d\\Phi/dE=f_{o}(E/1TeV)^{-\\Gamma}$ with $f_{o}=(2.0\\pm0.4stat\\pm0.6sys) 10^{-13}cm^{-2}s^{-1}TeV^{-1}$ and $\\Gamma=2.4\\pm0.2sta\\pm0.2sys$. This leads 3C 58 to be the least luminous PWN ever detected at VHE and the one with the lowest flux at VHE to date. According to time-dependent models in which electrons up-scatter photon fields, the best representation favors a distance to the PWN of 2 kpc and FIR comparable...
The Herschel Virgo Cluster Survey XVI: a cluster inventory
Davies, J I; Baes, M; Bendo, G J; Clemens, M; De Looze, I; Alighieri, S di Serego; Fritz, J; Fuller, C; Pappalardo, C; Hughes, T M; Madden, S; Smith, M W L; Verstappen, J; Vlahakis, C
Herschel FIR observations are used to construct Virgo cluster galaxy luminosity functions and to show that the cluster lacks the very bright and the numerous faint sources detected in field galaxy surveys. The far-infrared SEDs are fitted to obtain dust masses and temperatures and the dust mass function. The cluster is over dense in dust by about a factor of 100 compared to the field. The same emissivity (beta) temperature relation applies for different galaxies as that found for different regions of M31. We use optical and HI data to show that Virgo is over dense in stars and atomic gas by about a factor of 100 and 20 respectively. Metallicity values are used to measure the mass of metals in the gas phase. The mean metallicity is about 0.7 solar and 50% of the metals are in the dust. For the cluster as a whole the mass density of stars in galaxies is 8 times that of the gas and the gas mass density is 130 times that of the metals. We use our data to consider the chemical evolution of the individual galaxies,...
Large and small-scale structures and the dust energy balance problem in spiral galaxies
Saftly, W; De Geyter, G; Camps, P; Renaud, F; Guedes, J; De Looze, I
The interstellar dust content in galaxies can be traced in extinction at optical wavelengths, or in emission in the far-infrared. Several studies have found that radiative transfer models that successfully explain the optical extinction in edge-on spiral galaxies generally underestimate the observed FIR/submm fluxes by a factor of about three. In order to investigate this so-called dust energy balance problem, we use two Milky Way-like galaxies produced by high-resolution hydrodynamical simulations. We create mock optical edge-on views of these simulated galaxies (using the radiative transfer code SKIRT), and we then fit the parameters of a basic spiral galaxy model to these images (using the fitting code FitSKIRT). The basic model includes smooth axisymmetric distributions along a S\\'ersic bulge and exponential disc for the stars, and a second exponential disc for the dust. We find that the dust mass recovered by the fitted models is about three times smaller than the known dust mass of the hydrodynamical in...
The earliest phases of star formation observed with Herschel (EPoS): The dust temperature and density distributions of B68
Nielbock, M; Steinacker, J; Stutz, A M; Balog, Z; Beuther, H; Bouwman, J; Henning, Th; Hily-Blant, P; Kainulainen, J; Krause, O; Linz, H; Lippok, N; Ragan, S; Risacher, C; Schmiedeke, A
(Abriged) In the framework of the Herschel GTKP "The earliest phases of star formation", we have imaged B68 between 100 and 500 um. Ancillary (sub)mm data, spectral line maps of the 12/13CO(2-1) transitions as well as a NIR extinction map were added to the analysis. We employed a ray-tracing algorithm to derive the 2D mid-plane dust temperature and volume density distribution without suffering from LoS averaging effects of simple SED fitting procedures. Additional 3D radiative transfer calculations were employed to investigate the connection between the external irradiation and the peculiar crescent shaped morphology found in the FIR maps. For the first time, we spatially resolve the dust temperature and density distribution of B68. We find T_dust dropping from 16.7 K at the edge to 8.2 K in the centre, which is about 4 K lower than the result of the simple SED fitting approach. N_H peaks at 4.3x10^22 cm^-2 and n_H at 3.4x10^5 cm^-3 in the centre. B68 has a mass of 3.1 M_sun of material with A_K > 0.2 mag for...
GOODS-Herschel: the impact of galaxy-galaxy interactions on the far-infrared properties of galaxies
Hwang, H S; Dickinson, M; Charmandaris, V; Daddi, E; Borgne, D Le; Buat, V; Magdis, G E; Altieri, B; Aussel, H; Coia, D; Dannerbauer, H; Dasyra, K; Kartaltepe, J; Leiton, R; Magnelli, B; Popesso, P; Valtchanov, I
We study the impact of galaxy-galaxy interactions on the FIR properties of galaxies and its evolution at 099%. However, the SFR and the SSFR decrease or do not change much as it approaches an early-type neighbor. The bifurcations of SFRs and SSFRs depending on the neighbor's morphology seem to occur at R_n~0.5r_vir,nei, which is supported by K-S and MC tests with a significance level of >98%. For all redshift bins, the SSFRs of late-type galaxies interacting with late-type neighbors are increased by factors of about 1.8+/-0.7 and 4.0+/-1.2 compared to those of non-interacting galaxies when the pair separation is smaller than 0.5r_vir,nei and 0.1r_vir,nei, respectively. The Tdust of both local and high-z late-type galaxies strongly interacting with late-type neighbors (i.e. R_n nei) appears to be higher than that of non-interacting galaxies with a significance level of 96-99%. However, Tdust of local late-type galaxies strongly interacting with early-type neighbors seems to be lower than or simil...
Test of four stand growth simulators for the northeastern United States. Forest Service research paper
Schuler, T.M.; Marquis, D.A.; Ernst, R.L.; Simpson, B.T.
SILVAH, FIBER, NE-TWIGS, and OAKSIM simulators, commonly used in the northeastern United States, were evaluated by comparing predicted stand development with actual stand development records for periods ranging from 15 to 50 years. Results varied with stand parameter, forest type, projection length, and geographic area. Except in the spruce-fir forest type where FIBER stands out as the best simulator, no single simulator is clearly superior to the others for all locations within a forest type. In general, FIBER, NE-TWIGS, and SILVAH performed best in the northern hardwood (beech-birch-maple) forest type: NE-TWIGS and SILVAH performed best in the Allegheny hardwood (cherry-maple) forest type; SILVAH and OAKSIM performed best in the oak-hickory forest type; and SILVAH was most suitable in the transition hardwood (mixture of northern hardwoods and oaks) forest type. The results give growth and yield model users more information for selecting the simulator most suitable for their particular needs. The results also can be used as a diagnostic tool for growth and yield model development.
The Contribution of Faint Blue Galaxies to the Sub-mm Counts and Background
Geoff S. Busswell; Tom Shanks
Observations in the submillimetre waveband have recently revealed a new population of luminous, sub-mm sources. These are proposed to lie at high redshift and to be optically faint due to their high intrinsic dust obscuration. The presence of dust has been previously invoked in optical galaxy count models which assume $\\tau=9$ Gyr Bruzual & Charlot evolution for spirals and these fit the count data well from U to K. We now show that by using either a 1/$\\lambda$ or Calzetti absorption law for the dust and re-distributing the evolved spiral galaxy UV radiation into the far infra-red(FIR), these models can account for all of the `faint'($\\leq1$mJy) $850\\mu$m galaxy counts, but fail to fit 'bright'($\\ge2$mJy) sources, indicating that another explanation for the sub-mm counts may apply at brighter fluxes(e.g. QSOs, ULIRGs). We find that the main contribution to the faint, sub-mm number counts is in the redshift range $0.5 < z < 3$, peaking at $z\\approx 1.8$. The above model, using either dust law, can also explain a significant proportion of the extra-galactic background at $850\\mu$m as well as producing a reasonable fit to the bright $60\\mu m$ IRAS counts.
Supplement Analysis for the Transmission System Vegetation Management Program FEIS DOE/EIS-0285/SA-08
Clearing C-trees along the south side of the right-of-way. This project meets the standards and guidelines for the Transmission System Vegetation Management Program Final Environmental Impact Statement (FEIS) and Record of Decision (ROD). The project involves controlling all tall growing trees (C-Trees) within the right-of-way. All work is to be done on the south side of centerline. Target vegetation is the tall growing Firs along the edge of the ROW, all of which is located within the back yards of the property owners along the right-of-way. The density of vegetation is low and consists of C-Trees located within backyards, with the branches growing towards the lines. Due to lack of access and past verbal agreements with the landowners, permission/agreement has been difficult to obtain from the property owners. Permission has now been obtained to remove the C-Trees within their back yards which, will soon be a hazard to our transmission line facility. We are working with the landowners to get them to plant low growing scrubs and ornamentals within the right-of-way and adjacent to the right-of-way. A follow up herbicide treatment is not planned because the trees being cut will not re-sprout. This right-of-way or project area is on a three to four year maintenance schedule. Little or no treatment should be required in the immediate future.
Mitsubishi Electric Corporation
unknown authors
Ex/)cri~~lenlral resul~s are presented for grease lubricaled gears. Firsl, the oil-Jilvtl formatio?ls were measured, using a power circii~l(~ling pnr muchine. The same tests were also performed ruitlt gear oils. The oil-film formation for grease was unstable compared lo oil. The res~alts show hat tile normal load a1 which lhe oil-film Sr,~-rttulion ofgrec~se becomes insufficient was about 60 percent of 1lrc~1fir oil. In addition, a life lest was carried out. Surface damage ofgec~r teeth was scoring rather than spalling. The gear lije was clo.sely related to the normal load. The results were also compared wilI ~ AGMA standards. I1 was suggested tltat lhe allowable surface r111.rcabilily of (L grechse lubricaled gear was 0.9 GPa in herlzian Pressi~re which was (about 60 percent that of an oil lubricaled gear. The (&(L were then used lo develop a design for grease lubricated gears.
Compact, Low-power and Precision Timing Photodetector Readout
Varner, Gary S.; Ruckman, Larry L.; /Hawaii U.; Schwiening, Jochen; Vavra, Jaroslav; /SLAC
Photodetector readout for next generation high event rate particle identification and single-photon detection requires a digitizer capable of integrated recording of dense arrays of sensor elements with high analog bandwidth (precision timing) and large record depth, in a cost-effective, compact and low-power way. Simply stated, one cannot do better than having a high-fidelity 'oscilloscope on a chip' for every sensor channel. A firs version of the Buffered Large Analog Bandwidth (BLAB1) ASIC has been designed based upon the lessons learned from the development of the Large Analog Bandwidth Recorder and Digitizer with Ordered Readout (LABRADOR) ASIC. While this LABRADOR ASIC has been very successful and forms the readout basis of a generation of new, large-scale radio neutrino detectors, its limited sampling depth is a major drawback. To address this shortcoming, a prototype intended for photodetector readout has been designed and fabricated with 64k deep sampling at multi-GSa/s operation. An evaluation system has been constructed for instrumentation of Time-Of-Propagation (TOP) and focusing DIRC prototypes and test results will be reported.
AzTEC Millimetre Survey of the COSMOS Field: I. Data Reduction and Source Catalogue
Scott, K S; Perera, T A; Wilson, G W; Aretxaga, I; Bock, J J; Hughes, D H; Kang, Y; Kim, S; Mauskopf, P D; Sanders, D B; Scoville, N; Yun, M S
We present a 1.1 mm wavelength imaging survey covering 0.3 sq. deg. in the COSMOS field. These data, obtained with the AzTEC continuum camera on the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope (JCMT), were centred on a prominent large-scale structure over-density which includes a rich X-ray cluster at z = 0.73. A total of 50 millimetre galaxy candidates, with a significance ranging from 3.5-8.5 sigma, are extracted from the central 0.15 sq. deg. area which has a uniform sensitivity of 1.3 mJy/beam. Sixteen sources are detected with S/N > 4.5, where the expected false-detection rate is zero, of which a surprisingly large number (9) have intrinsic (de-boosted) fluxes > 5 mJy at 1.1 mm. Assuming the emission is dominated by radiation from dust, heated by a massive population of young, optically-obscured stars, then these bright AzTEC sources have FIR luminosities > 6 x 10^12 L(sun) and star formation-rates > 1100 M(sun)/yr. Two of these nine bright AzTEC sources are found towards the extreme peripheral region of the X-ray clu...
PANCHROMATIC ESTIMATION OF STAR FORMATION RATES IN BzK GALAXIES AT 1 < z < 3
Kurczynski, Peter; Gawiser, Eric [Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854 (United States); Huynh, Minh [International Centre for Radio Astronomy Research, University of Western Australia M468, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009 (Australia); Ivison, Rob J. [UK Astronomy Technology Centre, Royal Observatory, Blackford Hill, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ (United Kingdom); Treister, Ezequiel [Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawaii, 2680 Woodlawn Drive, Honolulu, HI 96822 (United States); Smail, Ian [Institute for Computational Cosmology, Department of Physics, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE (United Kingdom); Blanc, Guillermo A. [Department of Astronomy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX (United States); Cardamone, Carolin N. [Physics Department, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 (United States); Greve, Thomas R.; Schinnerer, Eva; Van der Werf, Paul [MPI for Astronomy, Koenigstuhl 17, 69117 Heidelberg (Germany); Urry, Meg [Department of Physics, Yale University, P.O. Box 208121, New Haven, CT 06520-8121 (United States)
We determine star formation rates (SFRs) in a sample of color-selected, star-forming (sBzK) galaxies (K{sub AB} < 21.8) in the Extended Chandra Deep Field-South. To identify and avoid active galactic nuclei, we use X-ray, IRAC color, and IR/radio flux ratio selection methods. Photometric redshift-binned, average flux densities are measured with stacking analyses in Spitzer-MIPS IR, BLAST and APEX/LABOCA submillimeter, VLA and GMRT radio, and Chandra X-ray data. We include averages of aperture fluxes in MUSYC UBVRIz'JHK images to determine UV-through-radio spectral energy distributions. We determine the total IR luminosities and compare SFR calibrations from FIR, 24 {mu}m, UV, radio, and X-ray wavebands. We find consistency with our best estimator, SFR{sub IR+UV}, to within errors for the preferred radio SFR calibration. Our results imply that 24 {mu}m only and X-ray SFR estimates should be applied to high-redshift galaxies with caution. Average IR luminosities are consistent with luminous infrared galaxies. We find SFR{sub IR+UV} for our stacked sBzKs at median redshifts 1.4, 1.8, and 2.2 to be 55 {+-} 6 (random error), 74 {+-} 8, and 154 {+-} 17 M{sub Sun} yr{sup -1}, respectively, with additional systematic uncertainty of a factor of {approx}2.
THE EXTENT OF MAGNETIC FIELDS AROUND GALAXIES OUT TO z {approx} 1
Bernet, M. L.; Miniati, F.; Lilly, S. J., E-mail: email@example.com, E-mail: email@example.com, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [Physics Department, ETH Zurich, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 27, CH-8093 Zurich (Switzerland)
Radio quasar sightlines with strong Mg II absorption lines display statistically enhanced Faraday rotation measures (RMs), indicating the presence of additional magneto-active plasma with respect to sightlines free of such absorption. In this Letter, we use multi-color optical imaging to identify the galaxies likely hosting the magneto-active plasma, and to constrain the location of the latter with respect to the putative parent halo. We find that all of the sightlines with high |RM| pass within 50 kpc of a galaxy and that the |RM| distribution for low impact parameters, D < 50 kpc, is significantly different than for larger impact parameters. In addition, we find a decrease in the ratio of the polarization at 21 cm and 1.5 cm, p{sub 21}/p{sub 1.5}, toward lower D. These two effects are most likely related, strengthen the association of excess |RM| with intervening galaxies, and suggest that intervening galaxies operate as inhomogeneous Faraday screens. These results are difficult to reconcile with only a disk model for the magnetic field, but are consistent with highly magnetized winds associated with Mg II systems. We infer strong magnetic fields of a few tens of {mu}G, consistent with the values required by the lack of evolution of the FIR-radio correlation at high redshifts. Finally, these findings lend support to the idea that the small-scale helicity bottleneck of {alpha}-{Omega} galactic dynamos can be significantly alleviated via galactic winds.
True asymptotic plasma-sheath matching with an asymptotically correct collisional presheath. Final report, 1 September 1985-31 October 1988
Main, G.L.
The work on plasma presheaths, which form a transition region between the collisionless electrode sheaths and the plasma, is directed toward the problems of the Thermionic Energy Converter (TEC). A schematic of a TEC is shown in a reactor core for space power applications. Cesium is put into the gap between the emitter and collector for two purposes: First, to ionize and neutralize the space charge so that a useful electron current density can pass (10 - 100 amps/square cm), and second to reduce the electrode work functions by adsorption of cesium. Of the plasma physics of the cesium filled gap of the TEC, the plasma-electrode interactions are the most significant part because these regions form boundary conditions which control the plasma density and temperatures of the entire gap. Thus the research under this grant has been directed toward the study of collisional presheaths which form the layer adjacent to an electrode on the order of one ion mean free path thick. However, the research pursued under this grant is not limited in applicability to TECs but is on interest to plasma-surface interactions in general. Other applications include electric propulsion where electrode erosion is a problem and not fully understood and more generally any plasma-surface interaction. This report included the asymptotic presheath theory developed, and is preceded by the basic theory of the Thermionic Energy Converter (TEC) and is followed by the application of the theory to a time dependent model of the TEC in the program called TEC. As shown in the TEC results, the agreement with experiment is good except in the low current regime of the TEC where an unexplained disagreement remains. This is still a puzzle.
Could what that ESCO sales rep said really be true? Savings realization rates in ESPC versus bid-to-spec projects
Coleman, Philip; Earni, Shankar; Williams, Charles
Claims that savings realization is greater in energy savings performance contracts (ESPCs) are rampant at least among energy service company representatives and other ESPC cheerleaders. But hard supporting evidence for these claims has been virtually non-existent. The Department of Energy's Federal Energy Management Program uses its Compliance Tracking System (CTS) database to document the performance of federal buildings and projects towards meeting various federal energy-saving goals. This paper focuses on preliminary analysis from CTS to understand and compare the performance of federal ESPCs with projects that have been implemented with more conventional government appropriations funding. The authors have found preliminary evidence using CTS that shows markedly higher savings realization rates among ESPC projects than appropriations-funded ones. There are numerous caveats to the data comparison that clamor for further study, but the difference is still intriguing. If borne out, this finding will provide concrete support to the idea that ESPCs guarantees and measurement and verification, long touted by energy service companies (ESCOs) as offering savings assurance, may truly yield substantial benefits. If ESPCs actually do perform better (i.e., have higher realization rates and savings persistence) than conventional bid-to-spec projects, the perceived premium for conducting them may look like a very good deal after all.
94 M. SIMKA, M. DRUTAROVSK Y, V. FISCHER, OBSERVING PLL-BASED TRNG IN CHANGING WORKING CONDITIONS Testing of PLL-based True Random Number Generator
Paris-Sud XI, Universit├® de
94 M. SIMKA, M. DRUTAROVSK ┬┤Y, V. FISCHER, OBSERVING PLL-BASED TRNG IN CHANGING WORKING CONDITIONS DRUTAROVSK ┬┤Y 2, Viktor FISCHER 3 1 Datel, Drawska 10/17, 02-202 Warsaw, Poland 2 Dept. of Electronics. email@example.com, firstname.lastname@example.com, firstname.lastname@example.com Abstract. Security
They say that good things come in small packages, and this has certainly been true for NASA's Explorer Program. Explorers are
the solar panels to recharge the battery during the day side. Over a period of twenty-eight months together to produce this view of the galaxy next door. Photo Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech ssttooryry | A| ASSK
Preliminary investigation of grain refinement in a U-0.2 wt % V alloy casting by true isothermal transformation at 516{degree}C
Wood, D.H.; Flores, R.; Kershaw, R.P.
Laboratory-scale isothermal transformation from beta phase to alpha phase at 516 C was accomplished using one U-0.2 wt % V alloy composition and with specimens up to 7.6 mm in thickness. Gravity was used to transfer individual specimens from a furnace at 720 C to one at 516 C. The lower-temperature, furnace contained two copper blocks between which the specimens were quenched by contact. The furnace also contained a partial atmosphere of helium. Results duplicate those of Reisse et al. at this temperature. Their work was done on smaller samples. Grain sizes obtained were consistently ASTM 7 to 8 (20 to 30 {mu}m), indicating that the cooling rates at the center of even the thicker samples were adequate to miss the nose of the (upper) TTT curve. The microstructure obtained, including the grain size, appears to be equivalent to that obtained by carefully controlled wrought processing, but we believe these castings lack the strong crystallographic textures that exist in wrought products.
TrueMobile: A Mobile Robotic Wireless and Sensor Network Testbed David Johnson Tim Stack Russ Fish Dan Flickinger Rob Ricci Jay Lepreau
Utah, University of
, and in general, time-consuming to set up and carry out. Such experiments are also extremely difficult to re- peat substantial resources to setting up and running such a laboratory -- and even then, the environmental
R.Alexander/D. Ulmer, User Assembly, May 22nd 2006 -Offer CSCS users true capability computing resources that are able to scale
of systems with complementary characteristics to support different kinds of workloads and pre will be trunked together #12;R.Alexander/D. Ulmer, User Assembly, May 22nd 2006 -2 CISCO 6509 blade-based switches with 2.6 GHz single core AMD Opterons, 2 GB/CPU memory - Gele: porting and testing system with 84
A Field-Deployable Real-Time Laser-Based Non-Intrusive Detection System for Measurement of True Travel Time on the Highway
Cheng, Harry H.; Shaw, Ben; Palen, Joe; Wang, Zhaoqing; Chen, Bo
N No interrupt? N Store wiper position Y XdcpIntHandling()output_port_a( 0x3f ); // store wiper position. break; if(port_a( 0x3f ); // store wiper position if (xdcp_cs_buffer =
An applied light-beam induced current study of dye-sensitised solar cells: Photocurrent uniformity mapping and true photoactive area evaluation
Jones, Timothy W., E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com; Anderson, Kenrick F.; Duck, Benjamin C.; Wilson, Gregory J. [CSIRO Energy Flagship, Mayfield West, NSW 2304 (Australia); Feron, Krishna [CSIRO Energy Flagship, Mayfield West, NSW 2304 (Australia); Centre for Organic Electronics, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308 (Australia)
The conditions for light-beam induced current (LBIC) measurement were experimentally optimised for dye-sensitised solar cells. The impacts of too fast a laser diode modulation frequency (f) and too short a dwell time (t{sub 0}) were investigated for their distortions, artefacts, and noise on the overall photocurrent map image. Optimised mapping conditions for fastest measurement were obtained at a f?=?15?Hz and t{sub 0}?=?900?ms. Whole device maps (nominal area 4?ū?4?mm{sup 2}) were obtained on devices in which fabrication defects were intentionally induced. The defects were readily resolved with the LBIC setup and conditions. The inclusion of defects had the effect of broadening the photocurrent distribution and producing a sub-optimal tail to photocurrent histograms. Photoactive areas were derived from LBIC maps and were larger than those predicted by the projected screen printing pattern by up to 25%, which has obvious implications for efficiency measurements made on nominal projected active area.
Rosales-Ortega, F. F.; Diaz, A. I. [Departamento de Fisica Teorica, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, E-28049 Madrid (Spain); Sanchez, S. F.; Iglesias-Paramo, J.; Vilchez, J. M.; Mast, D. [Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucia (CSIC), Camino Bajo de Huetor s/n, Aptdo. 3004, E-18080 Granada (Spain); Bland-Hawthorn, J. [Sydney Institute for Astronomy, School of Physics A28, University of Sydney, NSW 2006 (Australia); Husemann, B., E-mail: email@example.com [Leibniz-Institut fuer Astrophysik Potsdam (AIP), An der Sternwarte 16, D-14482 Potsdam (Germany)
We demonstrate the existence of a local mass, metallicity, star formation relation using spatially resolved optical spectroscopy of H II regions in the local universe. One of the projections of this distribution-the local mass-metallicity relation-extends over a wide range in this parameter space: three orders of magnitude in mass and a factor of eight in metallicity. We explain the new relation as the combined effect of the differential distributions of mass and metallicity in the disks of galaxies, and a selective star formation efficiency. We use this local relation to reproduce-with a noticeable agreement-the mass-metallicity relation seen in galaxies, and conclude that the latter is a scale-up integrated effect of a local relation, supporting the inside-out growth and downsizing scenarios of galaxy evolution.
On the Relation between the True Directions of Neutrinos and the Reconstructed Directions of Neutrinos in L/E Analysis Performed by Super-Kamiokande Collaboration Part1
Konishi, E; Galkin, V I; Ishiwata, M; Nakamura, I; Takahashi, N; Kato, M; Misaki, A
It should be regarded that the confirmation of the maximum oscillation in neutrino oscillation through L/E analysis by Super-Kamiokande is a logical consequence of their establishment on the existence of neutrino oscillation through the analysis of the zenith angle distribution for atmospheric neutrino events. In the present paper (Part1) with the computer numerical experiment, we examine the assumption made by Super-Kamiokande Collaboration that the direction of the incident neutrino is approximately the same as that of the produced lepton, which is the cornerstone in their L/E analysis, and we find this approximation does not hold even approximately. In a subsequent paper (Part2), we apply the results from Figures 16, 17, 18 and 19 to L/E analysis and conclude that one cannot obtain the maximum oscillation in L/E analysis in the single ring muon events due to quasi-elastic scattering reported by Super-Kamiokande which shows strongly the oscillation pattern from the neutrino oscillation.
On the Relation between the True Directions of Neutrinos and the Reconstructed Directions of Neutrinos in L/E Analysis Performed by Super-Kamiokande Collaboration Part1
E. Konishi; Y. Minorikawa; V. I. Galkin; M. Ishiwata; I. Nakamura; N. Takahashi; M. Kato; A. Misaki
It should be regarded that the confirmation of the maximum oscillation in neutrino oscillation through L/E analysis by Super-Kamiokande is a logical consequence of their establishment on the existence of neutrino oscillation through the analysis of the zenith angle distribution for atmospheric neutrino events. In the present paper (Part1) with the computer numerical experiment, we examine the assumption made by Super-Kamiokande Collaboration that the direction of the incident neutrino is approximately the same as that of the produced lepton, which is the cornerstone in their L/E analysis, and we find this approximation does not hold even approximately. In a subsequent paper (Part2), we apply the results from Figures 16, 17, 18 and 19 to L/E analysis and conclude that one cannot obtain the maximum oscillation in L/E analysis in the single ring muon events due to quasi-elastic scattering reported by Super-Kamiokande which shows strongly the oscillation pattern from the neutrino oscillation.
On the Relation between the True Directions of Neutrinos and the Reconstructed Directions of Neutrinos in L/E Analysis Performed by Super-Kamiokande Collaboration Part2
Konishi, E; Galkin, V I; Ishiwata, M; Nakamura, I; Takahashi, N; Kato, M; Misaki, A
In the previous paper (Part1), we have verified that the SK assumption on the direction does not hold in the analysis of neutrino events occurred inside the SK detector, which is the cornerstone for their analysis of zenith angle distributions of neutrino events. Based on the correlation between L_nu and L_mu (Figures~16 to 18 in Part1) and the correlation between E_nu and E_mu (Figure19 in Part1), we have made four possible L/E analyses, namely L_nu/E_nu, L_nu/E_mu, L_mu/E_mu and L_mu/E_nu. Among four kinds of L/E analyses, we have shown that only L_nu/E_nu analysis can give the signature of maximum oscillations clearly, not only the first maximum oscillation but also the second and third maximum oscillation and etc., as they should be, while the L_mu/E_mu analysis which are really done by Super-Kamiokande Collaboration cannot give any maximum oscillation at all. It is thus concluded from those results that the experiments with the use of the cosmic-ray beam for neutrino oscillation, such as Super-Kamiokande...
On the Relation between the True Directions of Neutrinos and the Reconstructed Directions of Neutrinos in L/E Analysis Performed by Super-Kamiokande Collaboration Part2
E. Konishi; Y. Minorikawa; V. I. Galkin; M. Ishiwata; I. Nakamura; N. Takahashi; M. Kato; A. Misaki
In the previous paper (Part1), we have verified that the SK assumption on the direction does not hold in the analysis of neutrino events occurred inside the SK detector, which is the cornerstone for their analysis of zenith angle distributions of neutrino events. Based on the correlation between L_nu and L_mu (Figures~16 to 18 in Part1) and the correlation between E_nu and E_mu (Figure19 in Part1), we have made four possible L/E analyses, namely L_nu/E_nu, L_nu/E_mu, L_mu/E_mu and L_mu/E_nu. Among four kinds of L/E analyses, we have shown that only L_nu/E_nu analysis can give the signature of maximum oscillations clearly, not only the first maximum oscillation but also the second and third maximum oscillation and etc., as they should be, while the L_mu/E_mu analysis which are really done by Super-Kamiokande Collaboration cannot give any maximum oscillation at all. It is thus concluded from those results that the experiments with the use of the cosmic-ray beam for neutrino oscillation, such as Super-Kamiokande type experiment, are unable to lead the maximum oscillation from their L/E analysis, because the incident neutrino cannot be observed due to its neutrality. Therefore, we would suggest Super-Kamiokande Collaboration to re-analyze the zenith angle distribution of the neutrino events which occur inside the detector carefully, since L_nu and L_mu are alternative expressions of the cosine of the zenith angle for the incident neutrino and that for the emitted muon, respectively.
Development and Testing of Field-Deployable Real-Time Laser-Based Non-Intrusive Detection System for Measurement of True Travel Time on the Highway
Real-Time Laser-Based Non-Intrusive Detection System forof a laser-based non-intrusive detection system for real-Real-Time Laser-Based Non-Intrusive Detection System for
A Field-Deployable Real-Time Laser-Based Non-Intrusive Detection System for Measurement of True Travel Time on the Highway
Cheng, Harry H.; Shaw, Ben; Palen, Joe; Wang, Zhaoqing; Chen, Bo
Real-Time Laser-Based Non-Intrusive Detection System forJoe Palen, "A Laser-Based Non-Intrusive Detection System forReal-Time Laser-Based Non-Intrusive Detection System for
Expanding Horizons: Kim Hongdo's Album of the Four Districts of K?mgang and European Inspiration in Korean True Scenery Painting of the Eighteenth Century
Kingdon, Nathaniel
long, overlapping lines or ōhemp-fiberö brushstrokes thatSouthern school techniques of hemp-fiber brushstrokes and Mithe Mi-ink dots and hemp-fiber Chin 657. Ky?nghy?ndang Sujak
Aster jessicae Jessica's aster Status: State Endangered, USFWS Species of Concern
Rank Gss; General Description Robust
creeping rhizomes that tends to grow in large clumps. Plants grow to be 5 feet tall, but average about 3 feet. The herbage, particularly the upper portion, is covered with a dense, uniform, soft pubescence. Leaves are abundant, broadly lance-shaped and entire. Middle stem leaves generally partially clasp the stem and lower leaves tend to dry up and wither as the season progresses. Flowers are generally numerous, lavender in color, 1-1.5 inches in diameter, and form a broad cluster at the top of the plant. Identification Tips: A. jessicae is distinct in its unusually robust nature, dense pubescence, and cordate leaf bases. The only other aster found in the vicinity of JessicaÆs aster is A. occidentalis var. intermedius. This species generally inhabits more mesic microhabitats, has smaller flowers, is less robust, possesses few to no hairs, and lacks cordate leaf bases. Phenology: Flowering occurs in late summer and early fall (from late July through mid September). Fruit and seed maturation occurs in September and early October, with seed dispersal likely in mid to late October. Range: Local endemic; southeastern WA (Whitman Co.) and adjacent ID. Occurs in the Columbia Basin physiographic province. Habitat: The species occurs in Palouse grasslands and prairie/ forest transition zones, often in association with small drainages, but above water level on dry ground, 2500-2800 feet in elevation. It occurs primarily in the following habitat types (Daubenmire 1970): ponderosa pine/snowberry, Idaho fescue/snowberry, black hawthorn/snowberry, Idaho fescue/Nootka rosa, and Douglas fir/ ninebark. Other associated species include bluebunch wheatgrass, balsamroot, and yarrow. ®1955 University of Washington Press. Illustration by John H. Rumely. Known distribution of
SWIRE: The SIRTF Wide-area InfraRed Extragalactic Survey
Carol J. Lonsdale; Harding E. Smith; Michael Rowan-Robinson; Jason Surace; David Shupe; Cong Xu; Seb Oliver; Deborah Padgett; Fan Fang; Alberto Franceschini; Nick Gautier; Matt Griffin; Frank Masci; Glenn Morrison; JoAnn O'Linger; Ismael Perez-Fournon; Marguerite Pierre; Richard Puetter; Gordon Stacey
The SIRTF Wide-area InfraRed Extragalactic survey (SWIRE), the largest SIRTF Legacy program, is a wide-area, imaging survey to trace the evolution of dusty, star-forming galaxies, evolved stellar populations, and AGN as a function of environment, from redshifts z~3 to the current epoch. SWIRE will survey 7 high-latitude fields, totaling 60 - 65 sq. deg. in all 7 SIRTF bands: IRAC 3.6, 4.5, 5.6, 8 microns and MIPS 24, 70, 160 microns. The Legacy Extragalactic Catalog may contain in excess of 2 million IR-selected galaxies, dominated by (1) ~150,000 luminous infrared galaxies (LIRGs: L{FIR}>10^11 L_sun), ~7000 of these with z>2; (2) 1 million early-type galaxies, ~10,000 with z>2; and (3) \\~20,000 classical AGN, plus significantly more dust-obscured QSO/AGN among the LIRGs. SWIRE will provide an unprecedented view of the evolution of galaxies, structure, and AGN. The key scientific goals of SWIRE are: (1) to determine the evolution of actively star-forming and passively evolving galaxies in order to understand the history of galaxy formation in the context of cosmic structure formation; (2) to determine the evolution of the spatial distribution and clustering of evolved galaxies, starbursts and AGN in the key redshift range, 0.5
Exploratory Technology Research Program for electrochemical energy storage: Annual report for 1993
Kinoshita, K. [ed.
The U.S. Department of Energy`s Office of Propulsion Systems provides support for an Electrochemical Energy Storage Program, that includes research and development (R&D) on advanced rechargeable batteries and fuel cells. A major goal of this program is to develop electrochemical power sources suitable for application in electric vehicles (EVs). The program centers on advanced systems that offer the potential for high performance and low life-cycle costs, both of which are necessary to permit significant penetration into commercial markets. The DOE Electrochemical Energy Storage Program is divided into two projects: the Electric Vehicle Advanced Battery Systems (EVABS) Development Program and the Exploratory Technology Research (ETR) Program. The EVABS Program management responsibility has been assigned to Sandia National Laboratories (SNL); Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory (LBL) is responsible for management of the ETR Program. The EVABS and ETR Programs include an integrated matrix of R&D efforts designed to advance progress on selected candidate electrochemical systems. The United States Advanced Battery Consortium (USABC), a tripartite undertaking between DOE, the U.S. automobile manufacturers and the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI), was formed in 1991 to accelerate the development of advanced batteries for consumer EVs. The role of the FIR Program is to perform supporting research on the advanced battery systems under development by the USABC and EVABS Program, and to evaluate new systems with potentially superior performance, durability and/or cost characteristics. The specific goal of the ETR Program is to identify the most promising electrochemical technologies and transfer them to the USABC, the battery industry and/or the EVABS Program for further development and scale-up. This report summarizes the research, financial and management activities relevant to the ETR Program in CY 1993.
Atwood, C.L.; McCarty, G.D.; Pardo, B.T.; Bryce, E.A.
Recent advances in stereolithography and selective laser sintering have had a significant impact on the overall quality of parts produced using these rapid prototyping processes. The development and implementation of 3D System`s QuickCast{trademark} resin and software for building investment casting patterns have proven to be major steps toward fabricating highly accurate patterns with very good surface finishes. Sandia uses patterns generated from rapid prototyping processes to reduce the cycle time and cost of fabricating prototype parts in support of a Sandia National Laboratories managed program called FASTCAST. As participants in the Beta test program for QuickCast{trademark} resin and software, they experienced a steep learning curve and were able to build accurate parts in a short period of time. It is now possible, using this technology, to produce highly accurate prototype parts as well as acceptable firs article and small lots size production parts. They use the Selective Laser Sintering (SLS) process to fabricate prototype wax patterns for investment casting. DTM Corporation recently introduced the use of their polycarbonate material for fabricating investment casting patterns. The polycarbonate material is processed significantly faster, with improved strength, dimensional stability, and without a support structure during the build process. Sandia is currently changing from investment casting wax to polycarbonate for the fabrication of investment casting patterns using the SLS process. This presentation will focus on the successes with these new materials from the standpoints of application, accuracy, surface finish, and post processing. Also presented will be examples of parts manufactured by these processes.
Near-infrared Spectroscopy and HST Imaging of a Dusty Starburst ERO
Graham P. Smith; Tommaso Treu; Richard Ellis; Ian Smail; Jean-Paul Kneib; Brenda Frye
We present near-IR spectroscopy and HST imaging of EROJ164023, an Extremely Red Object (ERO) with R-K=5.9 at z=1.05. EROJ164023 is a disk galaxy, with an optical/IR spectral energy distribution which is strongly reddened by dust (L_FIR/L_B<~200; A_V~5). The narrow emission lines (~300km/s) and the high [NII]/Halpha line ratio indicate that this is a ``composite'' starburst-Seyfert galaxy. Assuming that star formation dominates, we constrain the SFR to be 10-700Mo/yr from a variety of indicators. We compare EROJ164023 with the only other spectroscopically identified dusty EROs: HR10 (z=1.44) and ISOJ1324-2016 (z=1.50). EROJ164023 and HR10 have similar disk-like morphologies, and both exhibit a variation in the apparent dust obscuration depending upon the diagnostic used, suggesting that there is a complex spatial mix of stellar populations and dust in these galaxies. In contrast, the compact morphology and spectral properties of ISOJ1324-2016 indicate that it is a dusty quasar. Our results demonstrate that dusty galaxies identified using photometric ERO criteria include pure starbursts, composite systems such as EROJ164023 and dusty quasars. We suggest that the classification of EROs into these sub-classes cannot be reliably achieved from optical/near-IR photometry and instead requires mid/far-IR or sub-mm photometry and near-IR spectroscopy. The advent of efficient multi-object spectrographs working in the near-IR as well as the imminent launch of SIRTF therefore promise the opportunity of rapid progress in our understanding of the elusive ERO population. [Abridged
1994 Northern Goshawk inventory on portions of Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM
Sinton, D.T.; Kennedy, P.L. [Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins, CO (United States)
Northern goshawks (Accipiter gentilis) (hereafter referred to as goshawk) are large forest dwelling hawks. They are the largest species of the Accipiter genus which also includes sharp-shinned hawks (A. striatus) and the Cooper`s hawk (A. cooperii). Goshawks are holarctic in distribution and nest in coniferous, deciduous, and mixed species forests. In the southwest they primarily nest in ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa), mixed species, and spruce-fir forests. Goshawks may be declining in population and reproduction in the southwestern United States. In 1982 the USDA-Forest Service listed the goshawk as a {open_quotes}sensitive species{close_quotes} and in 1992 the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service listed the goshawk as a {open_quotes}Category 2 species{close_quotes} in accordance with the Endangered Species Act. Reasons for the possible decline in goshawk populations include timber harvesting resulting in the loss of nesting habitat, toxic chemicals, and the effects of drought, fire, and disease. Thus, there is a need to determine their population status and assess impacts of management activities in potential goshawk habitat. Goshawk inventory was conducted during the 1993 nesting season with no adult goshawk responses detected within the LANL survey area. As noted by Sinton and Kennedy, these results may be interpreted in several ways: (1) no goshawk territory(ies) occur in the inventoried area; (2) goshawk territory(ies) exist but have failed prior to the survey and thus were not detected; or (3) territory(ies) exist and were successful but the goshawks did not respond to tapes or their responses were undetected by the observer. For those reasons, a goshawk inventory was conducted in 1994. This report summarizes the results of this inventory.
Biological Information Document, Radioactive Liquid Waste Treatment Facility
Biggs, J.
This document is intended to act as a baseline source material for risk assessments which can be used in Environmental Assessments and Environmental Impact Statements. The current Radioactive Liquid Waste Treatment Facility (RLWTF) does not meet current General Design Criteria for Non-reactor Nuclear Facilities and could be shut down affecting several DOE programs. This Biological Information Document summarizes various biological studies that have been conducted in the vicinity of new Proposed RLWTF site and an Alternative site. The Proposed site is located on Mesita del Buey, a mess top, and the Alternative site is located in Mortandad Canyon. The Proposed Site is devoid of overstory species due to previous disturbance and is dominated by a mixture of grasses, forbs, and scattered low-growing shrubs. Vegetation immediately adjacent to the site is a pinyon-juniper woodland. The Mortandad canyon bottom overstory is dominated by ponderosa pine, willow, and rush. The south-facing slope was dominated by ponderosa pine, mountain mahogany, oak, and muhly. The north-facing slope is dominated by Douglas fir, ponderosa pine, and oak. Studies on wildlife species are limited in the vicinity of the proposed project and further studies will be necessary to accurately identify wildlife populations and to what extent they utilize the project area. Some information is provided on invertebrates, amphibians and reptiles, and small mammals. Additional species information from other nearby locations is discussed in detail. Habitat requirements exist in the project area for one federally threatened wildlife species, the peregrine falcon, and one federal candidate species, the spotted bat. However, based on surveys outside of the project area but in similar habitats, these species are not expected to occur in either the Proposed or Alternative RLWTF sites. Habitat Evaluation Procedures were used to evaluate ecological functioning in the project area.
AzTEC Millimetre Survey of the COSMOS Field: I. Data Reduction and Source Catalogue
K. S. Scott; J. E. Austermann; T. A. Perera; G. W. Wilson; I. Aretxaga; J. J. Bock; D. H. Hughes; Y. Kang; S. Kim; P. D. Mauskopf; D. B. Sanders; N. Scoville; M. S. Yun
We present a 1.1 mm wavelength imaging survey covering 0.3 sq. deg. in the COSMOS field. These data, obtained with the AzTEC continuum camera on the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope (JCMT), were centred on a prominent large-scale structure over-density which includes a rich X-ray cluster at z = 0.73. A total of 50 millimetre galaxy candidates, with a significance ranging from 3.5-8.5 sigma, are extracted from the central 0.15 sq. deg. area which has a uniform sensitivity of 1.3 mJy/beam. Sixteen sources are detected with S/N > 4.5, where the expected false-detection rate is zero, of which a surprisingly large number (9) have intrinsic (de-boosted) fluxes > 5 mJy at 1.1 mm. Assuming the emission is dominated by radiation from dust, heated by a massive population of young, optically-obscured stars, then these bright AzTEC sources have FIR luminosities > 6 x 10^12 L(sun) and star formation-rates > 1100 M(sun)/yr. Two of these nine bright AzTEC sources are found towards the extreme peripheral region of the X-ray cluster, whilst the remainder are distributed across the larger-scale over-density. We describe the AzTEC data reduction pipeline, the source-extraction algorithm, and the characterisation of the source catalogue, including the completeness, flux de-boosting correction, false-detection rate and the source positional uncertainty, through an extensive set of Monte-Carlo simulations. We conclude with a preliminary comparison, via a stacked analysis, of the overlapping MIPS 24 micron data and radio data with this AzTEC map of the COSMOS field.
Chapman, Nicholas L.; Matthews, Tristan G.; Novak, Giles [Center for Interdisciplinary Exploration and Research in Astrophysics (CIERA) and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208 (United States); Davidson, Jacqueline A. [School of Physics, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, Crawley, WA 6009 (Australia); Goldsmith, Paul F. [Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, MS 264-782, Pasadena, CA 91109 (United States); Houde, Martin [Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Western Ontario, London, ON (Canada); Kwon, Woojin; Looney, Leslie W. [Department of Astronomy, University of Illinois, 1002 West Green Street, Urbana, IL 61801 (United States); Li Zhiyun [Astronomy Department, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904 (United States); Matthews, Brenda [Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics, National Research Council of Canada, 5071 West Saanich Road, Victoria, BC V9E 2E7 (Canada); Peng Ruisheng [Caltech Submillimeter Observatory, 111 Nowelo Street, Hilo, HI 96720 (United States); Vaillancourt, John E. [SOFIA Science Center, Universities Space Research Association, NASA Ames Research Center, MS 232-11, Moffett Field, CA 94035-0001 (United States); Volgenau, Nikolaus H. [California Institute of Technology, Owens Valley Radio Observatory, Big Pine, CA 93513 (United States)
We present 350 {mu}m polarization observations of four low-mass cores containing Class 0 protostars: L483, L1157, L1448-IRS2, and Serp-FIR1. This is the second paper in a larger survey aimed at testing magnetically regulated models for core-collapse. One key prediction of these models is that the mean magnetic field in a core should be aligned with the symmetry axis (minor axis) of the flattened young stellar object inner envelope (aka pseudodisk). Furthermore, the field should exhibit a pinched or hourglass-shaped morphology as gravity drags the field inward toward the central protostar. We combine our results for the four cores with results for three similar cores that were published in the first paper from our survey. An analysis of the 350 {mu}m polarization data for the seven cores yields evidence of a positive correlation between mean field direction and pseudodisk symmetry axis. Our rough estimate for the probability of obtaining by pure chance a correlation as strong as the one we found is about 5%. In addition, we combine together data for multiple cores to create a source-averaged magnetic field map having improved signal-to-noise ratio, and this map shows good agreement between mean field direction and pseudodisk axis (they are within 15 Degree-Sign ). We also see hints of a magnetic pinch in the source-averaged map. We conclude that core-scale magnetic fields appear to be strong enough to guide gas infall, as predicted by the magnetically regulated models. Finally, we find evidence of a positive correlation between core magnetic field direction and bipolar outflow axis.
THE 3R ANTHRACITE CLEAN COAL TECHNOLOGY Economical Conversion of Browncoal to Anthracite Type Clean Coal by Low Temperature Carbonization Pre-Treatment Process
Edward Someus
The pre ven tive pre-treat ment of low grade solid fu els is safer, faster, better, and less costly vs. the ōend-of-the-pipe ö post treat ment so lu tions. The ō3R ö (Re cy cle-Re duce-Re use) in te grated en vi ron-ment con trol tech nol ogy pro vides pre ven tive pre-treat ment of low grade solid fu els, such as brown coal and con tam i nated solid fu els to achieve high grade cleansed fu els with an thra cite and coke com-pa ra ble qual ity. The goal of the 3R tech nol ogy is to pro vide cost ef fi cient and en vi ron men tally sus-tain able so lu tions by pre ven tive pre-treat ment means for ex tended op er a tions of the solid fuel com-bus tion power plants with ca pac ity up to 300 MWe power ca pac i ties. The 3R An thra cite Clean Coal end prod uct and tech nol ogy may ad van ta geously be in te grated to the oxyfuel ¢ oxy-fir ing, Fos ter Wheeler an thra cite arc-fired util ity type boiler and Heat Pipe Re former tech nol o gies in com bi na tion with CO2 cap ture and stor age pro grams. The 3R tech nol ogy is pat ented orig i nal so lu tion. Ad van tages. Feedstock flex i bil ity: ap pli ca tion of pre-treated multi fu els from wider fuel se lec tion and avail abil ity. Im proved burn ing ef fi ciency. Tech nol ogy flex i bil ity: ef fi cient and ad van ta geous inter-link to proven boiler tech nol o gies, such as oxyfuel and arc-fired boil ers. Near zero pol lut ants for haz ard ous-air-pol lut ants: pre ven tive sep a ra tion of halo gens and heavy met als into small vol ume streams prior uti li za tion of cleansed fu els. ?97 % or ganic sul phur re moval achieved by the 3R ther-
Supplement Analysis for the Transmission System Vegetation Management Program FEIS (DOE/EIS-0285/SA-15)
BPA proposes to clear unwanted vegetation in the rights-of-ways and around tower structures that may impede the operation and maintenance of the subject transmission lines. Work also includes clearing of a small (<1/4 mile) section of access road. All work will be in accordance with the National Electrical Safety Code and BPA standards. See Section 1.1 of the attached checklist for detailed information on each section of the referenced transmission lines. BPA will conduct the vegetation control with the goal of removing tall-growing vegetation that is currently or will soon be a hazard to the transmission lines and where possible to promote low-growing plant communities in the right-of-way. This project meets the standards and guidelines for the Transmission System Vegetation Management Program Final Environmental Impact Statement (FEIS) and Record of Decision (ROD). The vegetation needing control is mainly Douglas Fir, Alder, and blackberries as indicated in Section 1.2 of the attached checklist. The work involved in the ROW includes: clearing tall growing vegetation that is currently or will soon pose a hazard to the lines; treating the associated stumps and re-sprouts with herbicide to ensure that the roots are killed preventing new sprouts; and selectively eliminating tall growing vegetation before it reaches a height or density to begin competing with low-growing vegetation. All work will take place in existing rights-of-ways and around transmission structures. All work will be accomplished by selective vegetation control methods to assure that there is little potential harm to non-target vegetation and to low-growing plants. The work will provide system reliability and fire protection. Also, all off right-of-way trees that are potentially unstable and will fall within a minimum distance or into the zone where the conductors swing will be removed. Access roads will be treated using mowing and herbicide applications. The work will provide system reliability. The subject transmission lines range from 115kV to 230kV and are made up of accompanying access roads, steel and wooden transmission line structures and associated switching platforms. The minimum clearance ranges from 21 feet for 115kV lines to 23 feet for 230kV lines. ROW easement widths vary along the length of the project. Vegetation control for this project is designed to provide a 3 year maintenance free interval. In summary, the overall vegetation management scheme will be to selectively remove tall growing vegetation then apply selective herbicide treatment using cut stump applications.
A search for particle dark matter using cryogenic germanium and silicon detectors in the one- and two- tower runs of CDMS-II at Soudan
Ogburn, Reuben Walter, IV; /Stanford U., Phys. Dept.
Images of the Bullet Cluster of galaxies in visible light, X-rays, and through gravitational lensing confirm that most of the matter in the universe is not composed of any known form of matter. The combined evidence from the dynamics of galaxies and clusters of galaxies, the cosmic microwave background, big bang nucleosynthesis, and other observations indicates that 80% of the universe's matter is dark, nearly collisionless, and cold. The identify of the dar, matter remains unknown, but weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) are a very good candidate. They are a natural part of many supersymmetric extensions to the standard model, and could be produced as a nonrelativistic, thermal relic in the early universe with about the right density to account for the missing mass. The dark matter of a galaxy should exist as a spherical or ellipsoidal cloud, called a 'halo' because it extends well past the edge of the visible galaxy. The Cryogenic Dark Matter Search (CDMS) seeks to directly detect interactions between WIMPs in the Milky Way's galactic dark matter halo using crystals of germanium and silicon. Our Z-sensitive ionization and phonon ('ZIP') detectors simultaneously measure both phonons and ionization produced by particle interactions. In order to find very rare, low-energy WIMP interactions, they must identify and reject background events caused by environmental radioactivity, radioactive contaminants on the detector,s and cosmic rays. In particular, sophisticated analysis of the timing of phonon signals is needed to eliminate signals caused by beta decays at the detector surfaces. This thesis presents the firs two dark matter data sets from the deep underground experimental site at the Soudan Underground Laboratory in Minnesota. These are known as 'Run 118', with six detectors (1 kg Ge, 65.2 live days before cuts) and 'Run 119', with twelve detectors (1.5 kg Ge, 74.5 live days before cuts). They have analyzed all data from the two runs together in a single, combined analysis, with sensitivity to lower-energy interactions, careful control of data quality and stability, and further development of techniques for reconstructing event location and rejecting near-surface interactions from beta decays. They also present a revision to the previously published Run 119 analysis, a demonstration of the feasibility of a low-threshold (1 or 2 keV) analysis of Soudan data, and a review of the literature on charge generation and quenching relevant to the ionization signal.
Evaluation of the Life History of Native Salmonids in the Malheur River Basin; Cooperative Bull Trout/Redband Trout Research Project, 2000-2001 Annual Report.
Gonzales, Dan; Schwabe, Lawrence; Wenick, Jess (Burns Paiute Tribe, Department of Fish and Wildlife, Burns, OR)
The Malheur basin lies within southeastern Oregon. The Malheur River is a tributary to the Snake River, entering at about River Kilometer (RK) 595. The hydrological drainage area of the Malheur River is approximately 12,950 km{sup 2} and is roughly 306 km in length. The headwaters of the Malheur River originate in the Blue Mountains at elevations of 6,500 to 7,500 feet, and drops to an elevation of 2000 feet at the confluence with the Snake River near Ontario, Oregon. The climate of the Malheur basin is characterized by hot dry summers, occasionally exceeding 38 C and cold winters that may drop below -29 C. Average annual precipitation is 300 centimeters and ranges from 100 centimeters in the upper mountains to less than 25 centimeters in the lower reaches (Gonzalez 1999). Wooded areas consist primarily of mixed fir and pine forest in the higher elevations. Sagebrush and grass communities dominate the flora in the lower elevations. Efforts to document salmonid life histories, water quality, and habitat conditions have continued in fiscal year 2000. The Burns Paiute Tribe (BPT), United States Forest Service (USFS), and Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife (ODFW), have been working cooperatively to achieve this common goal. Bull trout ''Salvenlinus confluentus'' have specific environmental requirements and complex life histories making them especially susceptible to human activities that alter their habitat (Howell and Buchanan 1992). Bull trout are considered to be a cold-water species and are temperature dependent. This presents a challenge for managers, biologists, and private landowners in the Malheur basin. Because of the listing of bull trout under the Endangered Species Act as threatened and the current health of the landscape, a workgroup was formed to develop project objectives related to bull trout. This report will reflect work completed during the Bonneville Power contract period starting 1 April 2000 and ending 31 March 2001. The study area will include the North Fork Malheur River and the Upper Malheur River from Warm Springs Reservoir upstream to the headwaters.
10/25/12 9:08 AMThe New Yorker : The New Yorker Page 1 of 8http://www.newyorker.com/talk/comment/2012/10/29/121029taco_talk_editors?printable=true
Massachusetts at Amherst, University of
in Washington--Inauguration Day, January 20, 2009--the blustery chill penetrated every coat, yet the discomfort lending, legally sanctioned greed and pyramid schemes, an economic policy geared to the priorities
28/10/2012 20:20The demise of group selection Why Evolution Is True Page 1 of 21http://whyevolutionistrue.wordpress.com/2012/06/24/the-demise-of-group-selection/
Gardner, Andy
the altruists ½ Home Search Find ╗ Meta Register Log in Links All posts All comments Email Subscription Enter", and it "often leads to the confusing redefinition of terms and the use of confusing jargon
Conference to Feature Student Research : UVM The View http://www.uvm.edu/theview/article.php?print=true&id=2680 1 of 2 5/29/2008 4:09 PM
Neher, Deborah A.
projects cover a wide range of topics, from the Lake Champlain ecosystem, robotics, wireless networks and Categorization of Nickel Nanowires Obtained by Template-Assisted Electrodeposition," wasn't trying to grow nickel's advisor, Frederic Sansoz, assistant professor of mechanical engineering and materials science, calls
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24/06/2012 21:47The demise of group selection Why Evolution Is True Page 1 of 9http://whyevolutionistrue.wordpress.com/2012/06/24/the-demise-of-group-selection/
West, Stuart
the altruists ½ Home Search Find ╗ Meta Register Log in Links All posts All comments Email Subscription Enter", and it "often leads to the confusing redefinition of terms and the use of confusing jargon
Hungry sparrows sing the saddest songs -life -16 August 2006 -Print -New Scientist http://www.newscientist.com/article.ns?id=dn9764&print=true 2 of 3 17/08/2006 12:06 PM
Zanette, Liana
their bodies lacked the proteins required for brain growth, he suggests. Also, normal brain growth are unable to learn the songs that attract elite mates, researchers say. If the fledglings lack adequate life, half of the birds had received an unrestricted diet, while the others had been fed just two
Brain's blood re-routes round clots -News | Print | New Scientist http://www.newscientist.com/article.ns?id=mg18925344.500&print=true 1 of 1 1/15/06 4:15 PM
Kleinfeld, David
Brain's blood re-routes round clots - News | Print | New Scientist http | SUBSCRIBE | SEARCH | ARCHIVE | RSS | JOBS Brain's blood re-routes round clots 14 January 2006 From New brains against damage caused by blood clots. Chris Schaffer of the University of California, San Diego
Dear Family and Friends, ` ` ` 'Tis the season. . . ` ` ` December, 2008 Everybody should have a hobby: we read that somewhere, so it must be true. Not wanting to violate such a well-known
Kuenning, Geoff
purpose in gardening seems to be to pump money into our failing economy. We mentioned last year that Pat's right, modern gardening doesn't involve actually getting dirty. Instead, the gardener makes drawings
True atomic-scale imaging of a spinel Li{sub 4}Ti{sub 5}O{sub 12}(111) surface in aqueous solution by frequency-modulation atomic force microscopy
Kitta, Mitsunori, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com; Kohyama, Masanori [Research Institute for Ubiquitous Energy Devices, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 1-8-31 Midorigaoka, Ikeda, Osaka 563-8577 (Japan); Onishi, Hiroshi [Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501 (Japan)
Spinel-type lithium titanium oxide (LTO; Li{sub 4}Ti{sub 5}O{sub 12}) is a negative electrode material for lithium-ion batteries. Revealing the atomic-scale surface structure of LTO in liquid is highly necessary to investigate its surface properties in practical environments. Here, we reveal an atomic-scale image of the LTO(111) surface in LiCl aqueous solution using frequency-modulation atomic force microscopy. Atomically flat terraces and single steps having heights of multiples of 0.5?nm were observed in the aqueous solution. Hexagonal bright spots separated by 0.6?nm were also observed on the flat terrace part, corresponding to the atomistic contrast observed in the ultrahigh vacuum condition, which suggests that the basic atomic structure of the LTO(111) surface is retained without dramatic reconstruction even in the aqueous solution.
New Hardware and Software Design of a Field-Deployable Real-Time Laser-Based Non-Intrusive Detection System for Measurement of True Travel Time on the Highway
Real-Time Laser-Based Non-Intrusive Detection System forReal-Time Laser-Based Non-Intrusive Detection System foroptics. The laser-based non-intrusive detection system uses
Final report on the project entitled "The Effects of Disturbance & Climate on Carbon Storage & the Exchanges of CO2 Water Vapor & Energy Exchange of Evergreen Coniferous Forests in the Pacific Northwest: Integration of Eddy Flux, Plant and Soil Measurements at a Cluster of Supersites"
Beverly E. Law (PI), Christoph K. Thomas (CoI)
This is the final technical report containing a summary of all findings with regard to the following objectives of the project: (1) To quantify and understand the effects of wildfire on carbon storage and the exchanges of energy, CO2, and water vapor in a chronosequence of ponderosa pine (disturbance gradient); (2) To investigate the effects of seasonal and interannual variation in climate on carbon storage and the exchanges of energy, CO2, and water vapor in mature conifer forests in two climate zones: mesic 40-yr old Douglas-fir and semi-arid 60-yr old ponderosa pine (climate gradient); (3) To reduce uncertainty in estimates of CO2 feedbacks to the atmosphere by providing an improved model formulation for existing biosphere-atmosphere models; and (4) To provide high quality data for AmeriFlux and the NACP on micrometeorology, meteorology, and biology of these systems. Objective (1): A study integrating satellite remote sensing, AmeriFlux data, and field surveys in a simulation modeling framework estimated that the pyrogenic carbon emissions, tree mortality, and net carbon exchange associated with four large wildfires that burned ~50,000 hectares in 2002-2003 were equivalent to 2.4% of Oregon statewide anthropogenic carbon emissions over the same two-year period. Most emissions were from the combustion of the forest floor and understory vegetation, and only about 1% of live tree mass was combusted on average. Objective (2): A study of multi-year flux records across a chronosequence of ponderosa pine forests yielded that the net carbon uptake is over three times greater at a mature pine forest compared with young pine. The larger leaf area and wetter and cooler soils of the mature forest mainly caused this effect. A study analyzing seven years of carbon and water dynamics showed that interannual and seasonal variability of net carbon exchange was primarily related to variability in growing season length, which was a linear function of plant-available soil moisture in spring and early summer. A multi-year drought (2001-2003) led to a significant reduction of net ecosystem exchange due to carry-over effects in soil moisture and carbohydrate reserves in plant-tissue. In the same forest, the interannual variability in the rate carbon is lost from the soil and forest floor is considerable and related to the variability in tree growth as much as it is to variability in soil climatic conditions. Objective (3): Flux data from the mature ponderosa pine site support a physical basis for filtering nighttime data with friction velocity above the canopy. An analysis of wind fields and heat transport in the subcanopy at the mesic 40-year old Douglas site yielded that the non-linear structure and behavior of spatial temperature gradients and the flow field require enhanced sensor networks to estimate advective fluxes in the subcanopy of forest to close the surface energy balance in forests. Reliable estimates for flux uncertainties are needed to improve model validation and data assimilation in process-based carbon models, inverse modeling studies and model-data synthesis, where the uncertainties may be as important as the fluxes themselves. An analysis of the time scale dependence of the random and flux sampling error yielded that the additional flux obtained by increasing the perturbation timescale beyond about 10 minutes is dominated by random sampling error, and therefore little confidence can be placed in its value. Artificial correlation between gross ecosystem productivity (GEP) and ecosystem respiration (Re) is a consequence of flux partitioning of eddy covariance flux data when GEP is computed as the difference between NEE and computed daytime Re (e.g. using nighttime Re extrapolated into daytime using soil or air temperatures). Tower-data must be adequately spatially averaged before comparison to gridded model output as the time variability of both is inherently different. The eddy-covariance data collected at the mature ponderosa pine site and the mesic Douglas fir site were used to develop and evaluate a new method to extra
Teaching Organic Farming and Gardening: Resources for Instructors, 3rd Edition. Part 1 -ĀSkills and Practices
Class (Insecta) Order (Hemiptera = true bugs) Family (c) True ōbugsö (Hemiptera) i. Herbivorous, carnivorous, andpresent 3. True ōbugsö (Hemiptera) a) Key characteristics:
Standard Methods of Characterizing Performance of Fan Filter Units, Version 3.0
Xu, Tengfang
Electric power measurement shall include true mean electricThe measurement output of true mean electric power demandof the measurements shall include true mean electric power
An Innovative Method for Dynamic Characterization of Fan Filter Unit Operation.
Xu, Tengfang
Electric power measurement shall include true mean electricThe measurement output of true mean electric power demandof the measurements shall include true mean electric power
Racial geopolitics : interrogating Caribbean cultural discourse in the era pf globalization
Reyes-Santos, Irmary
1 The Caribbean and Globalization . . . . . . . .Geopolitics: Interrogating Caribbean Cultural Discourse in1983. - - - . ōCloud Cover Caribbean. ö Her True-True Name.
Predicting the impacts of climate change on animal distributions: the importance of local adaptation and species' traits
The geographic range limits of many species are strongly affected by climate and are expected to change under global warming. For species that are able to track changing climate over broad geographic areas, we expect to see shifts in species distributions toward the poles and away from the equator. A number of ecological and evolutionary factors, however, could restrict this shifting or redistribution under climate change. These factors include restricted habitat availability, restricted capacity for or barriers to movement, or reduced abundance of colonists due the perturbation effect of climate change. This research project examined the last of these constraints - that climate change could perturb local conditions to which populations are adapted, reducing the likelihood that a species will shift its distribution by diminishing the number of potential colonists. In the most extreme cases, species ranges could collapse over a broad geographic area with no poleward migration and an increased risk of species extinction. Changes in individual species ranges are the processes that drive larger phenomena such as changes in land cover, ecosystem type, and even changes in carbon cycling. For example, consider the poleward range shift and population outbreaks of the mountain pine beetle that has decimated millions of acres of Douglas fir trees in the western US and Canada. Standing dead trees cause forest fires and release vast quantities of carbon to the atmosphere. The beetle likely shifted its range because it is not locally adapted across its range, and it appears to be limited by winter low temperatures that have steadily increased in the last decades. To understand range and abundance changes like the pine beetle, we must reveal the extent of adaptive variation across species ranges - and the physiological basis of that adaptation - to know if other species will change as readily as the pine beetle. Ecologists tend to assume that range shifts are the dominant response of species to climate change, but our experiments suggest that other processes may act in some species that reduce the likelihood of geographic range change. In the first part of our DOE grant (ending 2008) we argued that the process of local adaptation of populations within a species range, followed by climatic changes that occur too quickly for adaptive evolution, is an underappreciated mechanism by which climate change could affect biodiversity. When this process acts, species ranges may not shift readily toward the poles, slowing the rate of species and biome change. To test this claim, we performed an experiment comparing core and peripheral populations in a series of field observations, translocation experiments, and genetic analyses. The papers in Appendix A were generated from 2005-2008 funding. In the second part of the DOE grant (ending 2011) we studied which traits promote population differentiation and local adaptation by building genomic resources for our study species and using these resources to reveal differences in gene expression in peripheral and core populations. The papers in Appendix B were generated from 2008-2011 funding. This work was pursued with two butterfly species that have contrasting life history traits (body size and resource specialization) and occupy a common ecosystem and a latitudinal range. These species enabled us to test the following hypotheses using a single phylogenetic group.
Cambridge, University of
true average strain ~ true plastic strain in softer phase of a dual-phase steel ~I true plastic strain in harder phase of a dual-phase steel UTS true strain at ultimate tensile stress y true strain at yieldingCHAPTER 5 A MODEL FOR THE STRENGTH OF THE AS-DEPOSITED REGIONS OF LOW-ALLOY STEEL WELD METALS 5
Should I Work Today? | Flu Information | DHMC Intranet http://intranet.hitchcock.org/hc/webpage.cfm?site_id=1&org_id=393&morg_id=0&gsec_id=36557&item_id=36570&printable=true[5/13/2013 2:25:34 PM
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Lesions, rashes, and eye conditions may not apply to flu-like illness. COUGH If you have a cough and fever (>100 F or 38 C within the last 24 hours) NO If you have a new (cough, but no fever (, or aspirin) YES, but wear a mask that covers nose and mouth. If you have a prolonged cough of unknown cause
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Julie D. Campbell
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STATE OATH OF ALLEGIANCE I do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will support and defend the Constitution of the United States and the Constitution of the State of California against all enemies, foreign and domestic; that I will bear true faith and allegi
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, and county officials named in Gov. Code Sections 24000, 24057, such as, district attorneys, sheriffs, county of Authorized Official:_________________________________ Title Public, Civil Executive Officers (Gov. Code Sec. 1001), Judicial Officers, Justices of the Peace
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like Eric and Waldemar of Danmark, or Henry of Mecklenburg,notably true for England, Danmark, Sweden, Russia, and - in
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Gille, Sarah T.
't yet come true 4. Beyond the Green Revolution: GM crops and future agricultural goals 5. Deforestation
FINAL EXAM 11:30AM-2:29pm on Thursday June 12, 2008 in PCYNH 109 MAE 124 / ESYS 103
Gille, Sarah T.
' predictions haven't yet come true 5. Beyond the Green Revolution: GM crops and future agricultural goals 6
Life-History Traits Of Chrysomya rufifacies (Macquart) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) And Its Associated Non-Consumptive Effects On Cochliomyia macellaria (Fabricius) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) Behavior And Development
Flores, Micah
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Schmah, Tanya
┬Ł4448 S 0002-9947(07)04330-9 Article electronically published on April 6, 2007 SAARI'S CONJECTURE IS TRUE of inertia of such a solution is constant. In 1970, D. Saari conjectured that the converse is also true a different kind of answer: proofs that several generalisations of Saari's conjecture are generically true
Final Detailed Measurement Program Plan Detailed Measurement Program Plan
by TrueWind Solutions, LLC Albany, New York for California Energy Commission Sacramento, California was developed by TrueWind Solutions, hereon referred to as TrueWind, to guide Task 4 of the Wind Energy Resource Modeling and Measurement Project, contact number 500-03-006, with the California Energy Commission
Auslegung: a journal of philosophy, Volume 20, Number 1 (Winter, 1995): Book Review
on the extension of logical truth. There is a sense in which Etchemendy cogently demonstrates that Tarski's semantics does not guarantee that the extension of model-theoretic logical truths coincides with the extension of necessary truths. Placing Tarski..., the reduction principle. It is: If a universal generalization is true, then its instances are logically true. This principle determines the extension of Tarski's model-theoretic logical truths, ana it need not be true in the languages for which it fixes...
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Implementing an effective operations and maintenance (O&M) program requires patience and persistence. This is especially true since no universal plan fits all Federal agencies.
Adiabatic Tip-Plasmon Focusing for Nano-Raman Spectroscopy. ...
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Adiabatic Tip-Plasmon Focusing for Nano-Raman Spectroscopy. Adiabatic Tip-Plasmon Focusing for Nano-Raman Spectroscopy. Abstract: True nanoscale optical spectroscopy requires the...
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c Springer (Original version in the Proceedings of FPSAC'00) A Generalized Cover Time
Dobrow, Bob
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Office of Environmental Management (EM)
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Molecular detection of B-cell neoplasms by specific DNA methylation biomarkers
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OSTI, US Dept of Energy, Office of Scientific and Technical Informatio...
Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI)
Slide10 True or False? Most useful information is available via familiar search engines such as Google and Yahoo The vast majority of science information in databases is...
Wind Power Price Trends in the United States
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49 Figure 5. Installed Wind Project Costs Over Time Capacitynot represent the true cost of wind generation (which wouldinstalled project costs on wind power prices. Specifically,
Sawyer, Suzana
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Office of Environmental Management (EM)
area of contamination, known pollutants, etc. * EFPC today supports large population of fish and aquatic life. This was not true 20 years ago. Lower EFPC Approaching Reference...
Oldest Known Magnet's Secrets Revealed Under High Pressures ...
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dichroism technique is readily applied to most magnetic materials without the need for isotope enrichment, and provides a true measure of long-range magnetic order." Other...
Fox, J.P.
true in-situ oil shale combustion experiment con- A gasoil, depending on the specific process used. The water, referred to as retort water, originates from combustion,
Environment | Argonne National Laboratory
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Science Ecological Resources and Systems Environmental Security and Restoration Land and Renewable Resources Radiation and Chemical Risk Management Environment True energy...
Examination of the Regional Supply and Demand Balance for Renewable...
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shortfalls could be addressed through price signals that may accelerate development of renewable energy resources that are currently uneconomic. This is particularly true in...
Development and Validation of an Advanced Stimulation Prediction...
Broader source: Energy.gov (indexed) [DOE]
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Office of Environmental Management (EM)
electric vehicle manufacturing. The story says that the price of advanced batteries for electric vehicles is rapidly declining. That's true. And it's also very good news, since...
Risk-Averse Stochastic Dual Dynamic Programming
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as 3D Scaffolds for New Materials: from Mechanically Strong Polymer Crosslinked Aerogels Summary: . Those 3D core-shell superstructures are true multifunctional materials...
Friendly Arts Fair October 16, 2010
Nightingale, Peter
a test or two. Her boob has a lump, it's true. But what's she supposed to do? She can't pay the bill so
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Nightingale, Peter
! This old gray Granny now needs a test or two. Her boob has a lump, it's true. But what's she supposed to do
Archaeological Investigations in Northern San Diego County, California: Frey Creek
True, D. L; Waugh, G.
and material. FREY CREEK Fig. 14. Artifacts recovered fromCounty, California: Frey Creek D. L. TRUE G. WAUGH S URVEYSand material. FREY CREEK Table 11 ARTIFACT DISTRIBUTION,
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Modeling of Energy Production Decisions: An Alaska Oil Case Study
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included because its heavy oil is not currently technicallya marginal field with mostly heavy oil that maybe should notdelaying investments in heavy oil development. If true, this
Clausal Resolution for CTL ? Alexander Bolotov, Clare Dixon and Michael Fisher
Dixon, Clare
of propositional logic, true and false are con┬Ł stants, A (`on all future paths starting here') and E (`on some
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The Development of a Hydrothermal Method for Slurry Feedstock Preparation for Gasification Technology
He, Wei
such as woody waste, agricultural waste, and organic wastecoal, woody biomass, agricultural waste and municipal waste.is especially true for agricultural wastes [172, 173]. A
Aufgabe fur die Ubungsstunde: Gegeben sei das Diagnosebeispiel aus der Vorlesung
Schon, Claudia
) ok(L) live(L). live(W) connected to(W, W1) live(W1). live(outside) true. light(l1) true. light(l2) true. connected to(l1, w0) true. connected to(w0, w1) up(s2) ok(s2). connected to(w1, w3) up). up(s3). F┬©ur die konsistenzbasierte Diagnose w┬©ahlen wir {ok(l1), ok(l2), ok(s1), ok(s2), ok(s3), ok
apontamentos sobre wittgenstein: Topics by E-print Network
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are neither true nor false; grounded or Annalisa Coliva; Reggio Emilia 5 Wittgenstein, Turing and Gdel Juliet Floyd Engineering Websites Summary: of computability; Webb: but we...
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that the property is either true or false in the system. We have imple- mented our approach in the LTSA tool
Analyzing the Effects of Temporal Wind Patterns on the Value of Wind-Generated Electricity at Different Sites in California and the Northwest
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the true lighting direction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .rep- resent different lighting tilts on the test object. Thedirection. We found the lighting used in the center image
Conservation of Information: Reverse engineering dark social systems
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acute viral hepatitis: Topics by E-print Network
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explanations for the dynamics behind them, and include cases for which common-sense expectations do not hold true in our experiments. Guerini, Marco; Albanese, Davide...
Using ductwork to improve supply plenum temperature distribution in underfloor air distribution (UFAD) system
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air temperature under partial load conditions. More thannecessarily true for all the partial load range, and it mustsystem works with partial loads. Figure 9-1 Configuration#1.
A Sequential Convex Semidefinite Programming Algorithm for ...
tion of multiple load FMO problems is based on dualization of the original problem and leads to ..... holds true for all partial derivatives of ck and ?. ?Ei ck(
General Theory of ThreeDimensional Consolidation
Columbia UnifJersity, NeTJJ York, New York. (Received October 25 ... energy. This would especially be true for the colloidal particles constituting clay. It seems.
The West and the Rest: The Science of the Great Divergence
Turchin, Peter
D. 2010. Russia against Napoleon: The True Story of theCharlemagne couldnÆt do it, and Napoleon and Hitler couldnÆt
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Wang, Xiaorui "Ray"
Controls ¦ Patents Ł wriNen to obfuscate true meaning ¦ Granted by diverse agencies #12;For Example ! MĘCAM DOORSTM ! Brazil TCO ! Quan-ta-ve Model
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have designed a novel process called a "zero-knowledge protocol" for verifying that nuclear weapons to be dismantled or removed from deployment contain true warheads. Goldston...
Data:6388958b-5334-435f-8c13-f3039b59bdb2 | Open Energy Information
Carolina (Utility Company) Effective date: 20130925 End date if known: Rate name: BPM True-Up Rider Sector: Description: Service supplied under the Company's rate schedules is...
A Simple and Efficient Algorithm For Solving Three Objective Integer ...
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life Released: May 29, 2014 Subgrid modeling pinpoints cloud transformation to uncover true reflective power An accurate understanding of clouds over the ocean is important for...
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Maximizing expected utility over a knapsack constraint
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High Fidelity Simulation of Complex Suspension Flow for Practical...
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dynamically change as they are built up and destroyed over time. Measurement of the true rheological properties of fresh concrete is nearly impossible since the geometries of...
Nano-scale positioning, control and motion planning in hard disk drives
Boettcher, Uwe
measurement where no power optimization was performed. Since the proposed method is a truemeasurement where no power optimization was performed. Since the proposed method is a true
access ad hoc: Topics by E-print Network
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the channel utilization of multihop wireless networks. Keywords: Mobile ad hoc networks, medium access control, this is not necessarily true in a mobile ad hoc network (MANET)...
access control mechanism: Topics by E-print Network
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the channel utilization of multihop wireless networks. Keywords: Mobile ad hoc networks, medium access control, this is not necessarily true in a mobile ad hoc network (MANET)...
MRI predictors of cognitive change in a diverse and carefully characterized elderly population.
22(4): 1754-66. Van Petten, C. (2004). "Relationship betweenon TCV, and the true BV (Van Petten 2004). This residualized
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true of Jurassic turtles from Wes- tern Europe. A new genus and species of Late Jurassic turtle Benton, Michael 204 Last date modified 11613 Location and Institution SPAIN...
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Department of Mathematics: Course Page
... streaming video, one "on campus distance learning" section that has access to the streaming videos and one true distance learning section with students fromĀ...
York, H.F.
Treaties, protocols, international conventions and unilateral restraint, while not true solutions, can buy time and move us in the right direction.
aging aerospace structures: Topics by E-print Network
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and improving performance are two key factors in structural design. In the aerospace and automotive industries, this is particularly true with respect to design criteria such as...
alternate product facility: Topics by E-print Network
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San Francisco field... Rueda Silva, Carlos Fernando 2003-01-01 25 Dialing in color with rare earth metals: facile photoluminescent production of true white light Chemistry...
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Electric Archaeology: Digital Media for Learning andoutreach programs using digital media. It is true thatwith various forms of digital media beyond text illustrate
Pathways Analysis for State Proliferators
Mella, Michael
.60 93.4 Self Enriched Uranium True False 2.64 97.4 Acquire Feed Material true false 5.16 94.8 Found Depleted U true false 3.67 96.3 Sustainable Feed Source true false 2.54 97.5 Make..., a uranium path and a plutonium path. The uranium path involves enrichment pathways and leads to either a gun type weapon or implosion type weapon. The plutonium path involves reactors and reprocessing facilities and leads to an implosion weapon...
Structure, chemistry, and properties of mineral nanoparticles
Waychunas, G.A.
true for nanoparticle goethite and hematite, where bulkcrystals, would have goethite stoichiometry. In effect,Figure 4, submicron sized goethite particles show a pattern
area-wide fruit fly: Topics by E-print Network
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limau malimau lemon 47 Northern Michigan FruitNet 2002 Weekly Update Renewable Energy Websites Summary: activity. This is especially true this year where, due to the low...
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limau malimau lemon 47 Northern Michigan FruitNet 2002 Weekly Update Renewable Energy Websites Summary: activity. This is especially true this year where, due to the low...
adult fruit fly: Topics by E-print Network
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fruit Mohaghegh, Shahab 35 Northern Michigan FruitNet 2002 Weekly Update Renewable Energy Websites Summary: activity. This is especially true this year where, due to the low...
ancestral state reconstruction: Topics by E-print Network
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state is close to the true global state. We call the entropy of our reconstructed maximum entropy state the "reconstruction entropy", and we discuss its relation to...
MAE 124 / ESYS 103 Midterm Study Guide Objectives of the course
Gille, Sarah T.
' predictions haven't yet come true #12;2. Beyond the Green Revolution: GM crops and future agricultural goals 3
Healthy Native Babies Project Training Pre-and Post-Test Answer Key
Rau, Don C.
average. (True) Although there has been a decline in SIDS among all populations across the United States and italics below. Statement True False 1. SIDS is the leading cause of infant death between 1 month and 1 year of age. T F 2. The SIDS rate for American Indians/Alaska Natives is 2-4 times higher than
email@example.com Every Westerner born this century can
. Smooth predictions. 30 Mb/day below peak by 2030. Regular Oil & Natural Gas Liquids 2003 Base Case to adjust market shares. Ę The true picture is 180GB lower. Oil n Gas Journal, May 2002 Ę Could ME Reserves. Ę Social change is inevitable and good. Ę We need a True Economics for a finite world. #12;01/03/2004 2
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Dzamonja, Mirna
cardinals. This is true even for such seemingly elementary properties as the calculation of the size of the power set of the cardinal as a function of the size of the power sets of the cardinals below, which is close to L then the singular cardinals and their successors are "manageable", and the opposite is true
First Assignment Due 3 February 2005 Astronomy 1010 Prof. Paul J. Wiita
Wiita, Paul J.
) equinox A. the number of hours of light equals the number of hours of dark B. the Sun crosses. are true E. all of A., B., and C. are true 10. A total solar eclipse can only occur when: A. the moon at a constant speed down a straight street C. a car decreasing speed while traveling down a straight street D
Entomology 201 Identification of Insecta orders
Eubanks, Micky
Bedbugs (Hemiptera): -head tucked back in pronotum -antennae w/ 4-5 long (moniliform) segments #12;Order Hemiptera True bugs, cicadas & hoppers, aphids & scale bugs Piercing-sucking mouthparts! #12;Ę Unique) Order Hemiptera True bugs, cicadas & hoppers, aphids & scale bugs #12;Know the Suborders
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Lackey, David Alan
? log plot of r vs. I'. The true shear rate is given by: (9) where, d ln r n' = din I' The true apparent viscosity is then obtained from (10) Theses equations may be found in most books on rheometry, e. g. Darby [43]. The viscosity curves were...