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Capital Markets
Company Overview of Brilla Capital
Executive Profile
David D. Brillembourg
President, Chief Executive Officer and Chairman, Brilla Capital
|Total Calculated Compensation
|This person is connected to 3 Board Members in 3 different organizations across 1 different industries.
See Board Relationships
Mr. David D. Brillembourg serves as the President, Chief Executive Officer, and Chairman of Brilla Capital. Mr. Brillembourg co-founded Brilla Group in 2007. He is a seasoned entrepreneur with more than 20 years of experience who has specialized in repeatedly exploiting market arbitrage opportunities and underdeveloped and emerging sectors. He spent over three years intensively studying the broadly-defined Caribbean real estate market and is an expert in the luxury beachfront ...
Corporate Headquarters
120 NE 27th StreetPhone: 786-375-5600
Miami, Florida 33137
United States
Fax: 786-375-5601
Board Members Memberships
President, Chief Executive Officer and Chairman
EducationThere is no Education data available.
Other Affiliations
Annual CompensationThere is no Annual Compensation data available.
Stocks OptionsThere is no Stock Options data available.
Total CompensationThere is no Total Compensation data available.
|There is no Competitor Compensation data available.
Sponsored Financial Commentaries
Sponsored Links
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To contact Brilla Capital, please visit . Company data is provided by Capital IQ. Please use this form to report any data issues.
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Download Tap Frame iPhone iPad iOS
Tap Frame lets you elegantly combine multiple photos into frames and share them with your friends!
• 5 Aspect ratios
• 36 Frame layouts (More to come!)
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• An intuitive design that is simple and easy to use
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Support: firstname.lastname@example.com
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If you are iPhone and iPad owner,you now can download Tap Frame for free from Apple Store. The application is supporting English language. It weighs in at only 11.5 MB to download. The new Tap Frame app version 1.0 has been updated on 2014-11-13. For ensuring consistency with the device you should take into account the following app compatibility information: Compatible with iPhone 3GS, iPhone 4, iPhone 4S, iPhone 5, iPod touch (3rd generation), iPod touch (4th generation), iPod touch (5th generation) and iPad. Requires iOS 4.3 or later.
More Info: Find more info about Tap Frame in Henry Taing`s Official Website : http://tapframe.net
iOS Tap Frame 1.0 Mobile
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subset: commoncrawl


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Now that you've been working with your ensembles for a few weeks and know the strengths of your particular students,… read moreOctober 2nd
We've written before on the Stanton's blog about our knowledgeable staff. Now, we'd like to give you a chance to get… read more
Stanton's has built a reputation as "The Sheet Music Specialists".
Can't attend one of our clinics? Visit Stanton's Virtual Workshop.
In just a few minutes you can have your favorite song printed and ready to play.
Online Service for Music Educators.
Title: Third Suite
Voicing/Format: Concert Band
Publisher: Columbia Pictures Publications
Composer: Jager, Robert E
Catalog #: V002TB1X
Grade: 4 Price: $85.00


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CARRIE UNDERWOOD to Add UK and Ireland Shows for 'Blown Away Tour' in 2013
Superstar Carrie Underwood will once again take her critically acclaimed "Blown Away Tour" overseas in 2013 with shows planned in Ireland and the United Kingdom. The tour will stop in Dublin on March 14th, Belfast on March 15th, and then continue on to London, England to headline March 17th on the first-ever "Country To Country" music festival being held at London's O2 Arena. The tour has also added 4 additional stops in Canada next year bringing the total of shows on the tour's run to well over 100.
Remaining 2012 dates for "The Blown Away Tour":
12-4 Albany, NY Times Union Center
12-6 London, ON Canada Budweiser Gardens
12-8 Kanata, ON Canada Scotiabank Place
12-9 Toronto, ON Canada The Air Canada Centre
12-11 Columbus, OH Schottenstein Center
12-12 Chicago, IL United Center
12-14 Des Moines, IA Iowa Events Center
12-15 Kansas City, MO Sprint Center
12-18 Memphis, TN FedExForum
12-19 Duluth, GA Arena at Gwinnett Center
12-21 Orlando, FL Amway Center
12-22 Sunrise, FL BankAtlantic Center
2013 dates for "The Blown Away Tour" **New International dates:
2-13 Colorado Springs,CO Colorado Springs World Arena
2-14 Broomfield, CO 1STBANK Center
2-17 Boise, ID Taco Bell Arena
2-19 Billings, MT MetraPark
2-21 Spokane,WA Spokane Veterans Memorial Arena
2-22 Yakima, WA Yakima Sundome
2-25 Oakland, CA Oracle Arena
2-26 Stockton, CA Stockton Arena
3-2 Las Vegas, NV Mandalay Bay Events Center
3-3 Ontario, CA Citizens Business Bank Arena
3-5 Fresno, CA SaveMart Center
3-8 Rio Rancho, NM Santa Ana Star Center
3-14 Dublin, IE ** Olympia Theater
3-15 Belfast, IE ** Belfast Waterfront Hotel
3-17 London, UK ** London O2 Arena- Country to Country Festival
3-21 Richmond,VA Richmond Coliseum
3-23 Roanoke, VA Roanoke Civic Center
3-25 Hershey, PA Giant Center
3-26 Buffalo, NY First Niagara Center
3-28 Hamilton, ON Canada Copps Coliseum
3-30 Kingston, ON Canada K-Rock Centre
4-2 St. John, NB Canada Harbour Station
4-9 Portland, ME Cumberland County Civic Center
4-11 Youngstown, OH Covelli Centre
4-13 Lansing, MI Breslin Student Events Center
4-14 Ft.Wayne, IN Allen County War Memorial Coliseum
4-16 Greenville, SC BiLo Center
4-17 Columbia, SC Colonial Life Arena
4-19 Augusta, GA JAmes Brown Arena
4-20 Jacksonville,FL Jacksonville Veterans Memorial Arena
4-23 Houston, TX Toyota Center
4-25 San Antonio,TX Freeman Coliseum
4-27 Cedar Park, TX Cedar Park Center
4-29 Lafayette, LA Cajundome
5-2 Bloomington, IL U.S. Cellular Coliseum
5-3 Milwaukee, WI BMO Harris Bradley Center
5-5 Toledo, OH Huntington Center
5-8 Charleston, WV Charleston Civic Center
5-10 Rockford, IL BMO Harris Bank Center
5-12 Omaha, NE CenturyLink Center
5-13 Sioux City, IA Tyson Events Center
5-15 Winnipeg, MB Canada MTS Centre
5-17 Moose Jaw, SK Canada ** Mosaic Place
5-18 Edmonton, AB CanAda Rexall Place
5-20 Dawson Creek, BC Canada ** EnCana Events Center
5-21 Prince George, BC Canada ** CN Centre
5-23 Abbotsford, BC Canada ** Abottsford Entertainment & Sports Centre
Please visit www.carrieunderwood.fm for up to date information on "The Blown Away Tour."
About Author
- SAG-AFTRA Convention Continues, George Heller Memorial Awards Presented
- Hugh Jackman, Lady Gaga, and More to Appear on THE TONIGHT SHOW STARRING JIMMY FALLON
- David Leitch to Direct THE COLDEST CITY
- SAG-AFTRA Announces Gabrielle Carteris Re-Elected Executive Vice President at National Convention
- VH1's Primetime Ratings For Third Quarter Surge Ahead +34% Over Prior Quarter Among Adults 18-49
- Sara Bareilles, Idris Elba, Adam Lambert, and More to Visit LATE NIGHT WITH SETH MEYERS
- KEVIN HART PRESENTS PLASTIC CUP BOYZ to be Released on Comedy Dynamics 10/13
- The First Lady Joins Public Media Effort, American Graduate Day 2015
- Review Roundup: Matt Damon Stars in Action Adventure THE MARTIAN
- Original Motion Picture Score from Acclaimed Film THE MARTIAN Out Today
- Kaley Cuoco & More Attend Opening Day of MASTERS OF LA
- Mika Kaurismaki's THE GIRL KING Available 12/8
- Sony Classical Releases THE WALK Original Motion Picture Soundtrack Today
- Documentary PINK & BLUE: COLORS OF HEREDITARY CANCER Set for Worldwide Theatrical Premiere Tonight
- Warner Bros. Celebrates Release of PAN by Asking Audiences to 'Discover Your Neverland'
- THE DAILY SHOW's Trevor Noah to Participate In Politicon
- As World Preps or Release of SPECTRE, Gillette Celebrates 'Bond Moments' in Every Man's Life
- Innovid and Netflix Win 2015 IAB MIXX Gold Award
- Director Ridley Scott Incorporates GoPro into the Making of THE MARTIAN
- Special Screening of Documentary SIR IVAN: I AM PEACEMAN to Kick Off Transgender Awareness Campaign


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Picchio dal pozzo
~ Group
Picchio dal Pozzo are an Italian progressive rock band formed in Genoa in 1976. Their activity has been quite erratic, with five albums published over a period of about 40 years (1976-2011). Their style is quite unconventional for the Italian progressive rock scene, showing influences of both Canterbury scene and jazz rock/avantgarde acts (including Soft Machine, Henry Cow, and Frank Zappa). The (essentially meaningless) name "Picchio dal Pozzo" (literally: "Woodpecker from the Well") came up when one of the band members created an artwork depicting a knight in armour, with a feather on his helm, standing by a well; "Picchio dal Pozzo" was suggested as the name of that knight.
While the band never gained commercial success, their works are usually praised by critics. Their debut album, the eponymous Picchio dal Pozzo (1976, dedicated to Robert Wyatt) has been described as a "milestone of Italian rock music" and remains their most appreciated work.
Their second album Abbiamo tutti i suoi problemi moves even further into experimentation, and has been compared to Zappa, Henry Cow, The Muffins, and National Health.
After Abbiamo tutti i suoi problemi Picchio dal Pozzo disbanded. In the early 2000s, when many progressive rock bands from the 1970s were being "rediscovered" by revival-oriented labels, Picchio dal Pozzo's works were republished, along with a CD of unreleased material, published under the title Camere Zimmer Rooms. The band also reunited to play live in progressive rock events. In 2004, they published their first original recording since 1980, Picnic @ Valdapozzo, based on unreleased, readapted recordings featuring avantgarde/jazz singer Demetrio Stratos.
The band is still active, and has published a live album in 2011.
Showing official release groups by this artist. Show all release groups instead, or show various artists release groups.


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Public Capital And Growth
Download Now
Date Added: Jul 2010
Format: PDF
This paper revisits the debate on the effect of public investment on growth by estimating a production function for forty-eight OECD and non-OECD countries, using capital stock as the explanatory variable. The results indicate that increases in public capital stock are positively correlated with growth, after controlling for the initial level of public capital. The effect is stronger for OECD countries in the short-term, while it is stronger for non-OECD countries in the long-term. This is in contrast with the mixed results obtained by studies that mainly use the investment rate as the explanatory variable.


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"Firearms are second only to the Constitution in importance; they are the peoples' liberty's teeth." - George Washington
"They tell us that we are weak - unable to cope with so formidable an adversary. But when shall we be stronger? Will it be when we are totally disarmed, and when a British guard shall be stationed in every house? Three million people, armed in the holy cause of liberty, are invincible by any force which our enemy can send against us." - Patrick Henry
Our company is passionate about supplying all your gun and outdoor needs. We offer exceptional customer service to ensure that your questions are answered and you are able to find exactly what you are looking for.
Looking for Holsters? We have them! Browse the categories to the left to find what you need!
The Second Amendment to the United States Constitution is the part of the United States Bill of Rights that protects the right of the people to keep and bear arms. It was adopted on December 15, 1791, along with the rest of the Bill of Rights. This store helps you express your rights.
"The best we can hope for concerning the people at large is that they be properly armed." - Alexander Hamilton
16 N Nevada Ave
Colorado Springs, CO 80947
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for set of 2 items
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Product Information:
Different opinions on the ideal cognac glass are as old as the drink itself. Even today, cognac is mainly served in wide tulip-shaped glasses - in spite of the disadvantages that this traditional shape has for the enjoyment of cognac. The differences in color, aroma and taste are the features by which the quality of cognac is judged. The finely tuned shape of this glass harmonizes the aroma and the taste, tempering the alcohol and the stringency of the palate and emphasizing the bouquet. The flute-shaped glass allows its contents a very small evaporation surface. You will be surprised to detect no pungent fumes but delicately balanced aromas reminiscent of a summer meadow.
Weights & Dimensions
|Product Type: Snifter/Brandy glass
|Color: Clear
|Primary Material: Crystal
|Service Size: 2
|Function: Barware
|Dishwasher Safe: Yes
|Country of Manufacture: Germany
About the ManufacturerThe Riedel family has been in the glass business for 300 years, with 11 generations keeping the family business intact. Tradition and innovation - the Riedel company can proudly look back on its success story. From its beginnings in northern Bohemia down to this day, for 11 generations, Riedel Glass has stood for the high art of glass making. In 1673, when Johann Christoph Riedel was born in the Bohemian town of Neuschloß, no one could have guessed that this was also the birth of one of the greatest glass enterprises in the world. The Riedel glass dynasty is built on the creative energies of a long line of glass makers that have focused their products on wine glasses as well as decanters and accessory products.
This Bohemian glass merchant was the starting point for a direct line through several generations down to today´s corporate head Georg J. Riedel and his son Maximillian. Each Riedel in this long chain has been able to contribute his personal skills and views to expand the company´s success and make it what it is today. The Riedel story begins in 1678 in the northern part of Bohemia, bordering Schlesia - today the Czech republic and Poland respectively. This part of Bohemia was a German speaking enclave known as the Sudetenland. The Venetians brought back the knowledge of glass making from the Near East around 1.000 A.D. The knowledge of producing glass spread slowly towards the northern part of Europe, searching for energy, critical to the melting of glass. Wood was the source, causing a glass maker migration to the forests. Due to this migration, a glass culture developed in Bohemia in the 17th century.
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Search the Collection
Artist of 2 portraits
by Catherine Goodman
by Catherine Goodman
Catherine Goodman(1961-)
Artist of 2 portraits
Catherine Goodman trained at the Camberwell School of Arts and Crafts and the Royal Academy Schools. In 2002 she won first prize in the BP Portrait Awards. She is Director of the Prince of Wales's Drawing School.
Dame Cicely Mary Strode Saunders
by Catherine Goodman
oil on canvas, 2005
- Use this image
- Recent acquisition
by Catherine Goodman
oil on canvas, 2015
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Recent Headlines from Above the Law
Biglaw, Intellectual Property, Technology
The Offer: Where's A Budding Patent Lawyer To Go?
A future patent litigator weighs offers from firms on either side of the country. Let's help make the decision.
* With the Dewey trial wrapping up, a look back at the history of firm honchos earning jail time. [Law360]
* Slick video explaining the everything wrong the way law schools market themselves to students. [Business Insider]
* K&L Gates loses more partners. This time McDermott picks up the spoils. But don't cry for K&L, they nabbed a huge get off Paul Hastings. [Big Law Business / Bloomberg BNA]
* Remember when Sony got hacked? It unveiled some fun stuff, like how the new movie Concussion changed its plot around to avoid offending the NFL. [ABA Journal]
* As college football prepares to kick off tonight, Baylor has hired Pepper Hamilton to look into how the school handles sexual violence allegations in light of the rape conviction of former player Sam Ukwuachu. [Dallas Morning News]
* Here's one of the dumbest arguments ever: Larry Lessig is liberal. About 47 years ago, unchecked campaign spending marginally helped a liberal (he did ultimately lose the nomination… and Nixon became president). Therefore, Larry Lessig shouldn't be against money in politics. Signed, the former Executive Director of the Club for Growth. [The Daily Caller]
* Meanwhile, the GOP runs into the downside of Citizens United: arming a terrible candidate with so much money he won't drop out. [Slate]
Biglaw, Blank Rome, BuckleySandler, Cozen O'Connor, Rankings, Williams & Connolly
The Best Law Firms To Work For (2015)
Making it to midlevel status in Biglaw isn't easy — but once you get there, life is pretty good.
Biglaw, Lawyerly Lairs, Real Estate
More Bad News For Biglaw Associates?
Junior associates at one major firm will be forfeiting a traditional and coveted Biglaw perk — but maybe this is the wave of the future?
Biglaw, Minority Issues, Rankings
The Best Law Firms For Diversity (2016)
Which firms fared well in three big surveys of diversity within Biglaw?
Is Your Firm On The 'Most Fun' Summer Programs List? (2015)
Which firms cracked Vault's list of best summer programs?
* Williams & Connolly has been subpoenaed as a part of the ongoing Lance Armstrong fraud case brought by former teammate Floyd Landis. I'm just glad I don't have to put together that privilege log [Legal Times]
* Two Biglaw partners, Hydee Feldstein a former partner at Sullivan & Cromwell and Paul Hastings and Peter Gregora a partner emeritus at Irell & Manella, face off in divorce court over $20 million that's gone "missing." It's probably under the couch, whenever stuff goes missing in my house it's under the couch. [The Recorder]
* Legal research prevails: after "thorough" research Georgia prosecutors have dropped murder charges against Kenlissia Jones for taking the abortion pill. [Washington Post]
* Pope Francis is establishing a court to deal with the bishops who woefully mishandled clerical child sex abuse allegations. Just another reason why Pope Francis is making it okay to be a Catholic again. [Wall Street Journal]
* Leaders in Nepal finally reached an agreement for a new constitution. After years of infighting the terrible tragedy of the Nepalese earthquake motivated the parties to work together. [Jurist]
* Ever wonder what it takes to make a successful law blog? Wonder no more — and read tips from our own David Lat. [Law360]
* Jose Baez of Casey Anthony trial fame gave the commencement address at Valparaiso Law this weekend and let graduates know that they, too, can be attorneys, even if they've been financially irresponsible. They're letting this man teach at Harvard Law now. [The Times]
* Suffolk Law and Cardozo Law will have new deans this summer, and both are planning for smaller classes. Considering Suffolk's plummeting LSAT scores (and standards?), its new dean may have bigger problems to deal with than filling seats. [National Law Journal]
* He "Pressure Drop[ped]" the ball: If you could take the LSAT or open for the Rolling Stones with Toots and the Maytals, which would you pick? This Paul Hastings partner took the test, and says it's his only regret about choosing law over music. [Am Law Daily]
* Boston Marathon bomber Dzhokhar Tsarnaev may have been sentenced to death last week, but it's highly unlikely that his punishment will be carried out any time soon, if at all. Instead, he'll be putting his lawyers to work for time ad infinitum. [WSJ Law Blog]
* "[D]on't let anyone say that Charleston School of Law was already in trouble." A local attorney says that this soon-to-fail law school only started circling the drain after its proposed sale to InfiLaw was announced. That's quite the indictment. [Post and Courier]
* Texas wants to strip lawyers of their license if they don't pay their student loans. Yeah, if they're getting behind, taking away their ability to earn money seems like a good strategy. [Texas Lawyer]
* Lawyer gives waiter a $25K tip to get dental surgery. Based on the picture, I'd have given him that tip for free. [ABC 11]
* Let's all hope John Oliver never goes back to The Daily Show, because his HBO show is making a real-life impact. The Tennessee Supreme Court cited Oliver on civil forfeiture in an opinion handed down yesterday. [Tennessee Courts]
* From the strip club to the mental hospital. Pretty standard murder scenario actually. [Seattle Post-Intelligencer]
* Suge Knight's defense to murder and attempted murder charges? He's legally blind in one eye so didn't see the people he killed. [NY Daily News]
* Reality star testifies under oath that reality shows aren't real. Try and pick up the pieces from your shattered world. [Morning After / Gawker]
* Document review is such a terrible job, you should probably just go into PR. That assumes you've not done enough document review that you can never smile again. [Law and More]
* The final segment of an interview with Seth Zachary, Chairman of Paul Hastings. In this part of the interview, Zachary discusses weathering and overcoming the collapse of his previous firm Finley Kumble, the former Biglaw giant that went under in the 80s. This is where we make the obligatory, "Dewey know anyone who might appreciate this tale?" [Bloomberg BNA / Big Law Business]
* Jury can't agree to put Jodi Arias to death, guaranteeing Morning Docket/Non-Sequiturs fodder for the next 25 to life. [HLN TV]
* The best students in the country are looking at law school… and passing. Get ready for the "now's the best time to go to law school" articles! [Associate's Mind]
* It's time you lawyers do something good for the world. Here's an easy proposal for how you can help someone today. [What About Clients?]
* A San Diego law student is suing the school, alleging that the university tried to discourage her from reporting that she'd been raped. [NBC San Diego]
* Dean Richard Gershon is stepping down from his post at Ole Miss Law. Professor Deborah Bell will serve as interim dean. [Hotty Toddy]
* Paul Hastings Chair Seth Zachary discusses the future of Biglaw. He "predicts extreme change along the lines of the Soviet political movement, Perestroika." Wake us when Peter Kalis is climbing on a tank. [Bloomberg BNA — Big Law Business]


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Cleveland News
Local news for Cleveland, OH continually updated from thousands of sources on the web.
Police union official on consent decree monitor's team is signal to Cleveland union
15 hrs ago | Cleveland.com | Comment?
Chicago man gets 12 years for role in Cleveland drug ring
19 hrs ago | Cleveland.com | Comment?
Ex-Clevelander Steve Cox handles keyboards for Garth Brooks and Trisha Yearwood
23 hrs ago | Cleveland.com | Comment?
25 things to do this weekend in Cleveland
Yesterday | The Plain Dealer | Comment?
Community needed to curb Cleveland's rise in violence
Yesterday | WKYC-TV Cleveland | Comment?
LeBron James responds to baby killed in Cleveland shooting
Yesterday | WOIO | Comment?
You Won't Believe These Celebs Are the Same Age!
Should prostitution be less illegal-or more?
Legislation 164
When Does Anti-Immigration Go Too Far?
Immigration 107
Baby killed in shooting on Cleveland's East Side identified
Baby shot in chest on Cleveland's east side has died
Thursday | WKYC-TV Cleveland | Comment?
Baby shot on Cleveland's East Side, reports say
Thursday | The Plain Dealer | Comment?
Cleveland teens accused of stealing bikes: Shaker Heights police blotter
U.S. Marshals arrest fugitive accused in string of Cleveland crimes
Accrediting body's failure to detect violations at Cleveland Clinic's Marymount lab sparks...
Updated: Sun Oct 04, 2015 02:50 am
Copyright © 2015 Topix LLC


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Hi first of all great plugin, but I am having trouble displaying post thumbnails.
I am using WPUF plugin (wordpress user frontend) for users to post pics, they upload the photo and it is classed under wpuf-attachments, the url is still <img src="http://localhost/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/pic.jpg
The photo shows in the single post page but this plugin wont pick up those photos, I would assume I have to change the thumbnail source from the "post thumbnails" to custom field, but what value or name do I put in the Custom field name: area? I have tried wpuf-attachments and nothing changes.
So how do I use the Custom field settings? I have read the manual but still dont know how it works, can someone please help me out?
Thank you so much in advance


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Cumberland County Community Church is hosting a Sunday School Conference on Friday, September 25 from 6-9 p.m.
Cumberland County Community Church is hosting a Sunday School Conference on Friday, September 25 from 6-9 p.m.
Send additions and corrections to email@example.com.
Atlantic County
Crossroads Fellowship, Pleasantville, July 13-17, 6:30-8:30 p.m.
Greentree Church, Egg Harbor Township, Summer Camp, July 27-31, 9 a.m.-2 p.m.
Sojourn Productions, Northfield, Theater Camp, June 29-July 3, 9 a.m.-3 p.m.
St. Paul's United Methodist Church, Port Republic, July 13-16, 6-8:30 p.m.
Burlington County
Burlington Center Mall Ministry, Burlington, Everest, Mondays, July 13-August 10, 6-8 p.m.
Calvary Chapel of Marlton, Rice Elementary School, Camp Kilimanjaro, July 13-17, 9 a.m.-noon
Covenant Presbyterian Church, Cinnaminson, SonWest Roundup, July 6-9, 9-11:30 a.m.
Easton Bible Church, Hainesport, Son Spark Labs, July 6-10, 9 a.m.-12:15 p.m.
Epworth United Methodist Church, Palmyra, Queens, Kings & Kingdoms, July 12-16, 6:30-8:45 p.m.
First United Methodist Church, Moorestown, August 10-14, 9 a.m.-noon
Grace Bible Church, Mt. Laurel, August 10-14, 9 a.m.-noon
Immanuel Baptist Church, Maple Shade, Everest, June 22-26, 6-8:30 p.m.
Medford United Methodist Church, Medford, July 20-24, 9 a.m.-noon
Prince of Peace Lutheran Church, Marlton, Everest, July 20-24, 9-11:45 a.m.
Camden County
Ashland Church, Voorhees, Everest, August 10-14, 8:45 a.m.-noon
Berlin Baptist Church, Berlin, August 3-7
Chews United Methodist Church, Glendora, G-Force, Wednesdays July 8-August 5, 6-8 p.m.
Gibbsboro United Methodist Church, Gibbsboro, June 29-July 3, 6:30-8:30 p.m.
Haddonfield Presbyterian Church, July 13-17, 8:30 a.m.-noon
Haddonfield United Methodist Church, Haddonfield, June 28-July 28, 6:30-8:30 p.m.
Hope United Methodist Church, Voorhees, Everest, June 22-26, 9 a.m.-noon
St. Paul's Presbyterian Church, Laurel Springs, Son Spark Labs, July 13-17, 9 a.m.-12:20 p.m.
Cape May County
St. Peter's of Ocean City, Ocean City, Everest, August 17-21, 8:45 a.m.-noon
Cumberland County
Cumberland Christian School, Vineland, Summer Safari Day Camp, June 22-August 14, 9 a.m.-3 p.m.
Port Elizabeth United Methodist Church, Port Elizabeth, G-Force, August 3-7, 6-8 p.m.
Ramoth Church, Vineland, Everest, July 13-17, 6-8:30 p.m.
Gloucester County
Barnsboro Bible Church, Mantua Township, Everest, July 13-18, 6:30-8:30 p.m.
Bethel United Methodist Church, Washington Township, Everest, June 22-26, 6-8:30 p.m.
Glassboro Methodist, Glassboro, Everest, August 2-6, 6-8:30 p.m.
Pitman United Methodist Church, Pitman, June 22-26, 6-8 p.m.
Richwood United Methodist Church, Harrison Township, Everest, July 19-23, 5:45-8 p.m.
Sharptown North, Woolwich Township, Locke Avenue Park, Gotta Move!, July 7-9, 6-8:30 p.m.
St. John's United Methodist Church, Washington Township, Everest, July 6-10, 9 a.m.-noon
Trinity Christian Chapel, Washington Township, Son Spark Labs, July 19-23, 6:30-9:30 p.m.
Trinity United Methodist Church, Mullica Hill, Camp Blast, July 13-16, 9 a.m.-3 p.m., VBS August 10-14
Ocean County
Abundant Grace Church, Toms River, Everest, July 13-17, 9 a.m.-noon
Bayside Chapel, Barnegat, #fan2follower, August 3-7, 9 a.m.-noon
Salem County
Bethel Bible Baptist Church, Carneys Point, Camp Kilimanjaro, June 22-26, 6-8:30 p.m.
Elmer United Methodist Church, Elmer, SonsSpark Labs, July 6-10, 6-8:30 p.m.
Sharptown Church, Pilesgrove, Gotta Move!, July 13-17, 6-8:35 p.m.
Reach Records recording artist KB will be performing live at Calvary Chapel in Vineland on Saturday, Dec. 29, at 7 p.m. For more information call 856-696-9409 or visit www.ccvineland.org.
Cumberland Christian School is still accepting application for this school year, 2012-2013, for K3-12th grade.
Cumberland Christian School is focused on building Christian character & academic excellence, with a personal touch.
The school is accredited by Middle States and the ACSI. Stop by for a tour of the campus or call to schedule a free consultation for your child. Visit 1100 W. Sherman Avenue, Vineland, or call 856-696-1600, www.cccrusader.org.
Like what we're doing here with South Jersey Christian Events? Why not consider volunteering your time to help with the site?
Event posting – help gather and post upcoming events in South Jersey and surrounding areas.
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Narrow your search
From CNET Magazine: Smartphones, online services and biometric scanners are already easing the way for travelers. Expect even more tech to transform your journeys in the not-too-distant future.
Google.com temporarily had a new owner on Tuesday. Former Googler Sanmay Ved says he successfully purchased the Internet's most visited website for as much as a fancy sandwich.
The e-commerce giant wants to "avoid customer confusion" by directing buyers to other video-streaming devices, including its own family of Fire TV gadgets.
From the Cheapskate: Ads are a necessary evil of the Web, and the truth is they're just not that evil, especially if they conform to AdBlock's Acceptable Ads guidelines.
A fascinating chapter in American atomic history comes alive with the availability of a rare video showing bomb tests.
No specific action seems to trigger the problem, but a few people say the home button feels warm.
The all-you-can-eat streaming service has been free for the past three months. As the first trial periods expire this week, the true test begins for the subscription model.
The latest teardown treatment from gadget-repair site iFixit shows that both of the new iPhones aren't that difficult to repair, though the average user would leave that job up to the experts.
J.K. Rowling takes the wraps off a revamped Pottermore website, along with some completely new details on the history of the Potter family.
Technically Incorrect: The rapper's site is called Merry Jane and it will be mellow. Or perhaps not.


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Hi Ellsworth guys,
After careful deliberation, I have decided to build an Enlightenment. It was tough choice because the Evolve is horn too but I got an ICT Epiphany already. Only trouble is I have no idea what's happening at Ellsworth and whether these bad boys are available yet or not?
It was a bit of a drama sourcing an Epiphany frame last time so am hoping those guys are pumping out some Enlightenments soon so I can order one.
Any info and or pictures appreciated.
Results 1 to 5 of 5
Thread: Ellsworth Enlightenment 29ner
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|Reviews for Parker Love
| Skimball4 chapter 12 . 6/19
Sully and Cam should get together! Or they could make up some evil plans and go all wacko. I would love that story!
| Skimball4 chapter 7 . 6/19
Oh, my heck. I am laughing hysterically at Cam in this chapter! It reminds me so much of a soap opera with really cheesy actors...thank you so much for the laugh.
| Skimball4 chapter 5 . 6/19
I knew that Cam was going to freak out!
| Skimball4 chapter 3 . 6/19
Wow! So I wonder if Cam will turn out to be a bit crazy jealous?!
| Angel-Leigh chapter 58 . 3/9
i really did like the tale a lot & it was really good to
| Mickey-Leigh chapter 58 . 6/19/2014
It is a really good story & I really do like it a lot too
| Mishelle20 chapter 58 . 4/26/2014
Amazing story, I really enjoyed reading it.
| ButterflyWhisperer chapter 58 . 3/25/2014
This fic was so fluffy and so amazing. Loved every moment, wonderful job. Loved it! :)
| K Gibbs Winters chapter 1 . 11/8/2013
Four years on and I still love this story! :) (can't review the last ch more than once)
| stars and mars chapter 57 . 9/21/2013
This is a weird review but i LOVE the fact that you named her Lauren...sorry its weird because i love it cause my names Lauren...ahah;)
| animepercystyle chapter 40 . 8/16/2013
Hodgins and Angela are the best assistants anybody could've asked for! And it sucks that Booth's sick!
| animepercystyle chapter 39 . 8/15/2013
Awwwwwwww, that's so sweet! And I love the bad joke!
| animepercystyle chapter 38 . 8/15/2013
O_o is she actually pregnant again, or something? Wtf just happened?
| animepercystyle chapter 37 . 8/15/2013
This is going to be the funniest thing ever...
| animepercystyle chapter 36 . 8/15/2013
S'mores, I love s'mores! And that was extremely awkward... A bit over-reactive, but Hodgins probably did the right thing and made a very good assistant!


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Sunday, September 20, 2009
© Copyright 2015 Gwinnett Daily Post
In the early 1970s when Max Baucus, now the senior senator from Montana and the chairman of the Senate Finance Committee, was contemplating entering politics, he sought advice from many veteran public servants.His steps brought him to the Washington law offices of James H. Rowe Jr., who came out of Montana and Harvard Law School to join FDR's White House staff and later became a counselor to Lyndon Johnson, Hubert Humphrey and many others of that generation. As I eventually heard, Rowe - who took the time to teach this reporter valuable political lessons - was impressed with the young, good-looking visitor who was backed by a wealthy, well-established Montana family, and encouraged him to pursue his dreams. But before he left, Baucus asked Rowe one surprising question: Do you think I should run as a Republican or a Democrat? Rowe, the old New Dealer, said, "I sure hope you'll be a Democrat." The ideological ambivalence implicit in that question has dogged Baucus throughout his career. Always a Democrat, he has never been a sure vote for his party's leaders, and on many occasions, he has aggravated the more partisan of his colleagues by insisting on going his own way. It has never hurt him at home. Montana is a bifurcated state. The eastern two-thirds look like the Great Plains states of Nebraska, Kansas and the Dakotas, and vote as conservatively as they do. But the western, more mountainous third includes mining centers such as Butte and the academic towns of Helena and Missoula where Democrats find their votes. Baucus has straddled the divide. When President Barack Obama put health care at the top of his domestic agenda, Baucus saw the opportunity to cap his career with a historic piece of legislation. Concerned that the other committee with health jurisdiction, then headed by Sen. Ted Kennedy, might move ahead of him, Baucus staked an early claim and let the White House - and everyone else - know that he would be the one who mattered. As it turned out, it was that other committee, led by Sen. Chris Dodd of Connecticut after Kennedy's fatal illness sidelined him, that completed its work first. But with Baucus leading lengthy negotiations with the "Gang of Six," three Republicans and two other Democrats on Finance, Obama and congressional Democratic leaders kept sliding the deadline for a floor vote in hopes that Baucus could deliver a bipartisan bill. Last week, Baucus conceded that his effort had failed - at least, so far - and said he would offer his own bill for amendment in committee this week. He is not alone in discovering that the task of restructuring one-sixth of the American economy and navigating the myriad conflicting interests and constituencies involved is indeed a daunting one. In the House, the bill shaped by three separate committees has a price tag that many regard as excessive and includes the "public option" that appears to be a nonstarter in the Senate. Dodd's bill faces similar objections. But it is almost certainly the case that none of the other chairmen has as much riding on this issue as does Baucus. Dodd has written significant bills such as the Family and Medical Leave Act in the past, and has a major hand in the financial regulatory bills Obama hopes to see passed this year. The three House chairmen also have many trophies in their cases. George Miller was a co-author of No Child Left Behind. Henry Waxman's name is on the energy-climate bill awaiting a Senate vote. Charlie Rangel, like every other Ways and Means Committee chairman, produces important tax, trade and welfare legislation as regular as clockwork every two years. This was to be Baucus' moment. But when it came last week, he had to admit that he had enlisted not one Republican supporter and then had to endure criticism from his fellow Democrats that his measure fell short of what the campaign had promised. As usual, Baucus is in the middle. But it is a miserable place to be. E-mail nationally syndicated columnist David Broder at email@example.com.
More like this story
- Senate's plan doubles income limits for tax rebates ( January 31, 2008 )
- Industry clout reflected in vote ( September 25, 2009 )
- Senate negotiators cut costs
Health care proposal at $880B as Obama deadline approaches ( September 15, 2009 )
- PARKER: What's with the hurry to pass health care reform? ( March 17, 2010 )
- BRODER: Sen. Chris Dodd a straight shooter ( January 9, 2010 )


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OCTOBER 23RD – 25TH, 2015 // RAMPART HOSTEL // The first camp of this season is where shredders will get together with professionals for the best prep course out there to set us all up for a big year. This is the get together, to get it, before we all get after it. Got it?
DECEMBER 3TH – 7TH, 2016 // BLANKET GLACIER CHALET // Think you can keep up? We're not kidding when we say we're going shredding. Welcome to the best opening to a season yet! Bring your A-game...and a headlamp then expect to use it on the way home every night... Serious. oh ya and NEVER SHOW More...
BLAST LEVEL 1 // REVELSTOKE-ROGERS PASS // TROY LEAHEY - Get your season started right. Build an avalanche awareness and skill set foundation in a classroom that sets you best of for success.
DEC 11-15, 2015 // BLANKET GLACIER CHALET // Because theres more to do on pillows then just talk. These are the steps it takes to progress yourself, wherever you see that going. You'd think this camps is just for females, but fellas pay attention, you could learn a thing or two.
DECEMBER 19–23, 2016 // BLANKET GLACIER CHALET // A Young Gunz Backcountry and Avalanche Skillz Camp (parents, disregard the use of the letter Z) that teaches the skills, knowledge and respect it takes to make grown-up decisions in a remote, uncontrolled, backcountry playground. Ages 14 –19.
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text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Jun 7, 2005
|Filing date
|Jun 24, 2002
|Priority date
|Jun 24, 2002
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Roman Pichna, Keijo Lähetkangas, Kai Mustonen
|Original Assignee
|Nokia Corporation
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (6), Referenced by (60), Classifications (13), Legal Events (5)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
The present invention relates to IP networks, and more particularly to establishing ad hoc networking among terminals aided by a cellular network.
The development of mobile communication devices and mobile networks has advanced at a rapid rate. At first, analog mobile networks enabled voice communication and simple paging features. Later, digital mobile networks provided more advanced features for voice and data communication, such as encryption, caller identification and short message service (SMS) text messages. More recently, third generation (3G) mobile IP network technology is being developed to enable users to easily access content rich media, information and entertainment with mobile devices.
As networks advance, WLAN cellular networking is becoming an intensely discussed issue. Many see WLAN as an important component in the 3G evolution. For example, 3GPP is currently conducting feasibility studies on WLAN/UMTS interworking. The interest is not limited to 3GPP only but has also drawn attention at 3GPP2 and the Mobile Wireless Internet Forum (MWIF). Other evolution paths for interworking between cellular networks and ad hoc capable networks can be seen in e.g. Bluetooth, Infrared and Wireless Routing (WR).
Exchanging data between two mobile terminals may be costly if conducted over the cellular infrastructure or if the terminals are co-located. Using a WLAN, Bluetooth or Infrared, or any other peer-to-peer interface for keeping a high rate (and possibly also volume) traffic local is efficient from a cost, bandwidth and spectrum usage point of view. Current WLAN, infrared (IR) and emerging Bluetootb/IEEE 802.15 (BT) standards would allow for the interface, but it is very difficult and clumsy to achieve a desired trusted security level between the terminals. Typically the connection set-up has would be done manually. Additionally, cellular operator revenue is lost when only using a WLAN/BT/IR/WR, or other non-cellular connection. A problem, however, is that current solutions offer limited functionality and usability. Current connection setup is standardized, e.g., for WLAN in IEEE 802.11b.
What is needed is a way to establish secure links using cellular operator-controlled devices and a way for an operator to be involved in local traffic exchange that bypasses the infrastructure and thus offers a tool for additional revenue that would otherwise escape the operator. It is with respect to these considerations and others that the present invention has been made.
The present invention is directed at addressing the above-mentioned shortcomings, disadvantages and problems, and will be understood by reading and studying the following specification.
According to one aspect of the invention, mobile nodes equipped with a non-cellular wireless interface may establish a high data rate peer-to-peer ad hoc connection with the support of a cellular network. The cellular network may provide signaling for user authentication, peer identification, authentication key distribution for a secure non-cellular connection set-up, radio resources management messages, as well as charging and billing for the service. This is especially true, if one of the terminals is a server of music, games, streaming video, and the like.
According to another aspect of the invention, the non-cellular link may be used for fast and secure ad hoc communication between the terminals. Signaling may be carried either over a non-cellular wireless access network or, using dual-mode terminals, over the cellular Radio Access Network (RAN). A combination of the signaling transport media is also possible. For example, one user may carry signaling over a WLAN RAN and the other user may carry signaling over a cellular system.
According to yet another aspect of the invention, the cellular system is not limited to the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS). Cellular network, as used in this application refers to any mobile network operated by an operator. For example, without limiting to these, the cellular network can be a GSM, GPRS, UMTS, using various radio access network technologies, such as CDMA2000, WCDMA and WLAN. Similarly, the non-cellular network and interface for the ad-hoc link may be any of the family of short range radios including BRAN Hiperlan, Hiperlan2, IEEE 802.11a,b,g, Multimedia Mobile Access Communication (MMAC) High-Speed Wireless Access (HISWA), Bluetooth, IEEE 802.15, and the like. The short range connection may even be a wired or infrared connection without departing from the spirit of this invention.
According to a further aspect of the invention, a cellular infrastructure is used to identify and authenticate the mobile users, and deliver one or more encryption keys or tokens for a secure non-cellular link establishment. Number and kind of needed encryption keys or security association tokens is dependent on the security method(s) employed in the network, which is not a part of this invention. Any kind of suitable security method(s) can be employed in accordance to this invention. This eases the process and possibly generates additional revenue for an operator. For instance, the authentication and encryption (security) signaling services provided by the cellular network could be charged for. Another example for chargeable services can be routing assistance based on a dynamically updated register in the cellular network, which creates a description of the ad hoc network and provides optimized routing information for mobile nodes based on that description. Yet another example of such chargeable services is QoS (quality of service) support provided by the cellular infrastructure and supervised by the operator. In addition, if one of the terminals offers commercial services, this arrangement allows reusing the cellular billing infrastructure for charging for the service.
According to still yet another aspect of the invention, a terminal is provided, which is able to communicate over ad hoc communication links with assistance provided from the cellular network for establishing the communication. The terminal receives information optimized for the terminal from the cellular network used in establishing communication links.
According to a further aspect of the invention, a network node associated with cellular network for providing services associated with an ad hoc network can form descriptions of an ad hoc network for terminals associated with an ad hoc network. The network node receives requests for assistance from terminals for assistance in establishing a communication link. In response to the request, the network node provides an optimized answer to the terminal. The optimized answer may provide information relating to routing, quality enhancement, and security and authentication. According to one embodiment of the invention, the network node provides server or register functionality.
In the following detailed description of exemplary embodiments of the invention, reference is made to the accompanied drawings, which form a part hereof, and which is shown by way of illustration, specific exemplary embodiments of which the invention may be practiced. Each embodiment is described in sufficient detail to enable those skilled in the art to practice the invention, and it is to be understood that other embodiments may be utilized, and other changes may be made, without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. The following detailed description is, therefore, not to be taken in a limiting sense, and the scope of the present invention is defined only by the appended claims.
Throughout the specification and claims, the following terms take the meanings explicitly associated herein, unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. The term "node" refers to a node on a network. The term "mobile node" and "terminal" refer to a node on the network that is mobile. The term "flow" means a flow of packets. The term "support node" refers to both "GGSN" and "SGSN" nodes. The term "user" refers to any person or customer such as a business or organization that employs a mobile device to communicate or access resources over a mobile network. The term "operator" refers to any technician or organization that maintains or services something, such as a network. The term "identifier" refers to a user address, an IMSI code, an MSISDN number, an IP address, or any other information that relates to the location or identity of the user or equipment.
In an exemplary implementation described in this application, AAA (Authentication, Authorization and Accounting) device is referred. AAA is an IETF standard developed by the Authentication, Authorization and Accounting (AAA) Working Group. The work of this group is ongoing, and a reference is made to the proceedings of this working group, both existing and forthcoming, (http://www.ietfor.g/html.charters/aaa-charter.html) in its entirety. Instead of AAA, any other existing or future system and method can be employed for authentication, authorization and accounting without departing from the spirit of this invention.
The term "AAA device" refers to any device that offers the functionality of an AAA server generally associated with an IP network. Other nodes or systems of cellular networks may offer the AAA functionality. There include, but are not limited too, entities as charging centers, gateways, resource management entities, user profiles stored in location registers etc Referring to the drawings, like numbers indicate like parts throughout the views. Additionally, a reference to the singular includes a reference to the plural unless otherwise stated or is inconsistent with the disclosure herein.
Illustrative Operating Environment
With reference to
The connections and operation for network 100 will now be described. MN 105 is coupled to radio access network (RAN) 110. Generally, MN 105 may include any device capable of connecting to a wireless network such as radio access network 110. Such devices include cellular telephones, smart phones, pagers, radio frequency (RF) devices, infrared (IR) devices, integrated devices combining one or more of the preceding devices, and the like. MN 105 may also include other devices that have a wireless interface such as Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs), handheld computers, personal computers, multiprocessor systems, microprocessor-based or programmable consumer electronics, network PCs, wearable computers, and the like.
Radio Access Network (RAN) 110 manages the radio resources and provides the user with a mechanism to access core network 120. Radio access network 110 transports information to and from devices capable of wireless communication, such as MN 105. Radio access network 110 may include both wireless and wired components. For example, radio access network 110 may include a cellular tower that is linked to a wired network. Typically, the cellular tower carries communication to and from cell phones, pagers, and other wireless devices, and the wired network carries communication to regular phones, long-distance communication links, and the like.
Some nodes may be General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) nodes. For example, Serving GPRS Support Node (SGSN) 115 may send and receive data from mobile nodes, such as MN 105, over RAN 110. SGSN 115 also maintains location information relating to MN 105. SGSN 115 communicates between MN 105 and Gateway GPRS Support Node (GGSN)s 135 A-B through core network 120. According to one embodiment of the invention, AAA device 300 communicates with core network 120.
Core network 120 may be an IP packet based backbone network that includes routers, such as routers 125 D-F, to connect the support nodes in the network. Routers are intermediary devices on a communications network that expedite message delivery. On a single network linking many computers through a mesh of possible connections, a router receives transmitted messages and forwards them to their correct destinations over available routes. Routers may be a simple computing device or a complex computing device. For example, a router may be a computer including memory, processors, and network interface units.
GGSNs 135 A-B are coupled to core network 120 through routers 125 A-C and act as wireless gateways to data networks, such as network 140 and network 145. Networks 140 and 145 may be the public Internet or a private data network. GGSNs 135 A-B allow MN 105 to access network 140 and network 145.
Briefly described, AAA device 300 may be used to monitor and aid in carrying out the operator's control for the communication through ad hoc networks. AAA device 300 may be coupled core network 120 through communication mediums. AAA device 300 may be programmed by an operator with instructions to manage the policies relating to mobile network 100. AAA device 300 is an optional element.
The operator may set threshold levels to determine whether or not to accept a new flow based on different service classes for a particular user or group of users. The routers, or a dedicated network element, such as AAA device 300, may be used for this purpose. Utilizing an AAA device helps to enforce authentication, authorization, and accounting rules to help ensure end-to-end quality of service (QoS) for users. Operators have the flexibility to provide different AAA rules. For example, conversational traffic may be mapped into either the Expedited Forwarding (EF) class or Assured Forwarding (AF) class at the core network. The operator may employ a different charging structure for each class. Also, AAA rules may be established nodes using different signaling transports.
Furthermore, computers, and other related electronic devices may be connected to network 140 and network 145. The public Internet itself may be formed from a vast number of such interconnected networks, computers, and routers. Mobile network 100 may include many more components than those shown in FIG. 1. However, the components shown are sufficient to disclose an illustrative embodiment for practicing the present invention.
The media used to transmit information in the communication links as described above illustrate one type of computer-readable media, namely communication media. Generally, computer-readable media includes any media that can be accessed by a computing device. Communication media typically embodies computer-readable instructions, data structures, program modules, or other data in a modulated data signal such as a carrier wave or other transport mechanism and includes any information delivery media. The term "modulated data signal" means a signal that has one or more of its characteristics set or changed in such a manner as to encode information in the signal. By way of example, communication media includes wired media such as twisted pair, coaxial cable, fiber optics, wave guides, and other wired media and wireless media such as acoustic, RF, infrared, and other wireless media.
Communication links within LANs typically include twisted wire pair, fiber optics, or coaxial cable, wherein communication links within WLANs include wireless links, while communication links between networks may utilize analog telephone lines, full or fractional dedicated digital lines including T1, T2, T3, and T4, Integrated Services Digital Networks (ISDNs), Digital Subscriber Lines (DSLs), wireless links, or other communications links. Furthermore, computers, such as remote computer 240, and other related electronic devices can be remotely connected to either LANs 220 a-d or WAN 230 via a modem and temporary telephone link. The number of WANs, LANs, and routers in
AAA device 300 may include program code that maintains the rules to charge and authorize the user for the ad hoc non-cellular connections set-up between terminals.
Ad Hoc Networking of Terminals Over Non-Cellular Interface Aided by a Cellular Network
WLAN Access Network 325 can be attached to the cellular network at different levels.
As shown in the figure, terminals (T1-T6) are paired together (T1 and T2, T3 and T4, and T5 and T6) and show exemplary WLAN ad hoc links established (375, 380, and 385, respectively). Terminals T1, T2, and T3 use WLAN access network 325 for signaling. Terminals T4, T5, and T6 use cellular access network 330 for signaling.
The signaling for the purpose of secure and easy non-cellular ad hoc link establishment is transported to the cellular network. For WLAN-only terminals or dual mode terminals currently associated with WLAN access, the signaling is transported over the WLAN access network (T1-T2). For dual-mode, WLAN and cellular, the signaling for the terminals can be transported either over the WLAN link to WLAN access network or cellular link to cellular access network (T3-T4, T5-T6). Both terminals do not have to use the same access network for the signaling. For example, terminal T3 and terminal T4 use different access networks. Terminal T3 uses WLAN access network 425 and terminal T4 uses cellular access network 430.
The information transferred over the signaling link may include many different types of information. For example, the information may include user authentication, user ID retrieval (e.g., WLAN interface MAC address), security parameters, encryption keys and/or authorization and security association tokens allowing for secure WLAN ad hoc link establishment, radio resource management messages, and the like.
A multi-hop ad hoc network may also be implemented where users' connection is established locally aided by each user's control connection to the infrastructure as described above. (See FIG. 4 and related discussion). To allow for an easy WLAN ad hoc link establishment, the peer's identifier is passed to the cellular network. The identifier could be the International Mobile Station Identity (IMSI) code (or equivalent) in WLAN terminal or in dual-mode terminal also in the non-WLAN part, user name (and operator), ISDN telephone number, network access identifier (NAI) or anything that can easily be communicated between users (verbal exchange of identities) or terminals (e.g., RF tags, identity broadcast over any medium, bar code, etc.).
In order for some terminals to access the services provided by the cellular network, multi-hop signaling may be used. Terminals may not have direct access to the services provided by cellular infrastructure 405 for many reasons. For example, some terminals may only include a radio interface that is configured for a non-cellular network. Additionally, other terminals which are dual-mode terminals may be outside of the cellular network coverage. These dual-mode terminals, however, may be capable of connecting to a non-cellular network. Using the multi-hop signaling allows the terminals to reach the services provided by the cellular network according to this invention.
As illustrated in the figure, terminal T3 (420) does not have direct access to cellular infrastructure 405. Terminal T3 may reach the services provided by cellular infrastructure, however, through terminal T2. Terminal T3 communicates with terminal T2 through WLAN ad hoc link (440). At some points in time, terminals T1 (410) and T2 (415) are directly connected to the services provided by cellular infrastructure 405 through links 425 and 430. At other points in time, however, terminals may be outside of the cellular network coverage. In this situation, a terminal, such as terminal T2 (415) may still have an ad hoc link. According to this particular example, terminal T2 maintains a WLAN ad hoc link (435) with terminal T1. As can be seen, this multi-hop signaling allows terminals to reach the services provided by the cellular network
Mobile nodes, such as cellular phones, or PDA's with cellular cards, may utilize central register 510 operated a by an operator for organizing the ad hoc network and for routing the packets to a destination node. According to one embodiment of the invention, the mobile nodes in the network have both cellular (e.g. GPRS, GSM, UMTS) radio and non-cellular radio interfaces (e.g. Bluetooth, IR or WLAN).
This operator may be the cellular operator for the users of the mobile node or a third party operator. The nodes in the ad hoc network have an option to use the operator-assisting service over the cellular radio, or try to manage without the service. According to one embodiment of the invention, the optional use of assistance is included in a routing algorithm in the nodes. When using the operator-assisted service, the nodes send regular update information of themselves over the cellular connection. The assisting service utilizes a standardized signaling scheme between the assisting servers and the mobile nodes. The standardized signaling scheme allows the nodes to communicate amongst themselves and the common operator. An advantage of the service is that the use of the service improves the quality of the ad hoc connection. Some of the services the operators may provide for the mobile nodes in the ad hoc network include: ad hoc network topology to assist in routing, service discovery, servers for ad hoc network applications like gaming or authentication, authorization and security functions, location related information, and the like. The scope of the service may be either micro-mobility within an ad hoc network link layer, in which case the macro-mobility in IP layer would be taken care by the mobile-IP, or both micro and macro-mobility, in which case it would be an alternative to mobile IP (Central Home agent operated by the operator).
As mentioned above, the mobile nodes send information about their neighbourhood to central register 510. For example, nodes within a Bluetooth neighbourhood may send update information to central register 510 when the nodes realize there has been a change in their neighbourhood. This change information of the neighbourhood may include e.g. information of new Bluetooth, WLAN or other ad hoc connections to new mobile phones or information of loosing a Bluetooth, WLAN or other ad hoc connection to certain mobile phones. Sending of information may be done via the cellular connection, which may be for example a GPRS, GSM or UMTS connection, or some other connection.
Based on the information received from the nodes by central register 510, central register 510 forms the description, or "the image" of the network. This description may be of any format suitable for describing the status and the layout of the network, especially the ad hoc parts of the network, which can then be used for determining the optimal route for each requested connection. More than one server may be used by the operator to perform the role of central register 510. According to this particular example, central register 510 will form a description of all Bluetooth, WLAN or other ad hoc connection capable nodes and their connections received from the mobile nodes (515, 520, 525, and 530).
When using the services provided by the cellular network, the nodes communicate by first asking assistance from the cellular network, i.e. a central register as in this example. Depending on the service and QoS of the node, the central register returns an answer optimized for the node, which can be either a single/multi hop connection route to the destination or a recommendation to use the cellular connection. This answer may comprise one or more messages, which may be signaling or data messages.
The operator (or other third party organization) may charge for the operator controlled service. These operator controlled ad hoc communication services can be used for any local communication applications like local voice-, messaging-, file transfer- or other data services. As a specific example, Local Multimedia Messaging enables the use of non-cellular radio (such as Bluetooth) in a multimode cellular media phone for local multimedia messaging communications. When sending a multimedia message from a media phone, the client software contacts cellular network, in example a central register (such as a server) in the operator's network to check, whether the receiver is in a few hop environment in the non-cellular ad hoc network, and if so, sends the message over the non-cellular radio, instead of the cellular network.
The operator may, with a minimum investment, offer to users "free local multimedia messaging". This attracts users to the network and the users would familiarize with the multimedia messaging by sending them at first mainly locally. Users may also use the multimedia messaging over a cellular connection. This increased volume of normal multimedia messaging is a major benefit for the operator. According to one embodiment of the invention, the pricing of the service is based on the amount of assistance required by the cellular network. This operator-assisted service consumes a negligible part of cellular network capacity (<5% of the multimedia messaging traffic).
The above specification, examples and data provide a complete description of the manufacture and use of the composition of the invention. Since many embodiments of the invention can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, the invention resides in the claims hereinafter appended.
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|U.S. Classification
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|Sep 9, 2002
Owner name: NOKIA CORPORATION, FINLAND
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|Oct 11, 2005
|Certificate of correction
|Nov 6, 2008
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|Nov 7, 2012
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 8
|May 10, 2015
Owner name: NOKIA TECHNOLOGIES OY, FINLAND
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