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Royalty Free Music Unique To Your Project - Every Time
Royalty Free Music » Production Types » Comedy » Guitar (Acoustic)
Royalty Free Music — Unique To Your Project – Every Time
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Royalty Free Comedy & Guitar (Acoustic) MusicComedy Sub-Production Types: Kids Home Videos Animation Commercials Background Action-Drama Travel Video Games Indie Film Cinematic MORE »
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The following tracks match: Comedy, Guitar (Acoustic)
Whimsical Momenthttps://www.smartsound.com/artist/images/ASFB03_200.jpgSingle7100032-ST$ 39.957100032-EX$ 69.957100032-W$ 149.95Production Types: Commercials, Nature, Comedy, Corporate Communications, Home Videos Instrument: Studio Orchestra, Celeste, Guitar (Acoustic), Percussion, Piano, Strings, Violin, Violoncello, Acoustic, Choir, Instrumental, Guitar Genre: Orchestral Keywords: Positive, Uplifting, Inspirational, Cheerful, Expansive, Fresh, Heartwarming, Hypnotic, Incessant, Innocent, Leisurely, Lively, Motivating, Mystical, Powerful, Refined, Refreshing, Tender, Touching, Whimsical, Fun, Hopeful, Angelic, Emotional, Fantasy, Magical, Poignant
Whimsical Moment from the album Magical Moments
Strolling Down The Pathhttps://www.smartsound.com/strata/images/STRATPWP_200.jpgSingle7100055-ST$ 39.957100055-EX$ 69.957100055-W$ 149.95Production Types: Kids, Commercials, Corporate, Indie Film, Nature, Comedy, Corporate Communications, Product Videos, Background Instrument: Rock/Pop Band, Bass (Electric), Guitar (Acoustic), Mandolin, Percussion, Acoustic, Instrumental, Guitar Genre: Outdoorsy, Cartoon, Indie Rock, Pop Rock, Indie Keywords: Driving, Energetic, Exciting, Happy, Positive, Cool, Uplifting, Carefree, Fresh, Funny, Innocent, Leisurely, Lively, Motivating, Striving, Fun, Hopeful, Angelic, Festive
Strolling Down The Path from the album Power Play
Carefree AfternoonClassic commercial music that could sell any product, this quirky little tune features piano & hand claps.https://www.smartsound.com/producer/images/PS69_200.jpgSingle12102-ST$ 39.9512102-EX$ 69.9512102-W$ 149.95Production Types: Kids, Commercials, Indie Film, Comedy Instrument: Guitar (Acoustic), Piano, Instrumental, Guitar Genre: Specialty Keywords: Cool, Carefree, Comical, Funny, Innocent, Refreshing, Quirky
Carefree Afternoon from the album The Lighter Side (PS69)
Old Time RideA rousing, whimsical piano kicks up a dash of quaint, old-time tomfoolery in this stirring, danceable tune.https://www.smartsound.com/strata/images/STRATGF_200.jpgSingle7100183-ST$ 39.957100183-EX$ 69.957100183-W$ 149.95Production Types: Commercials, Cooking, Travel, Comedy, Home Videos Instrument: Rock/Pop Band, Bass (Electric), Drums, Guitar (Acoustic), Guitar (Electric), Piano, Instrumental Genre: Southern, Vintage, Retro Rock, Western Keywords: Exciting, Happy, Comical, Exuberant, Fresh, Funny, Inspiring, Motivating, Fun, Chase, Festive
Old Time Ride from the album GFGF
Rooftop PartySynth and power guitar marry a rhythmical clap pattern for a happy, carefree beat in this bouncy, grooving track.https://www.smartsound.com/strata/images/STRATCPB_200.jpgSingle7100204-ST$ 39.957100204-EX$ 69.957100204-W$ 149.95Production Types: Commercials, Indie Film, Nature, Comedy, Product Videos, Background Instrument: Rock/Pop Band, Bass (Electric), Drums, Guitar (Acoustic), Guitar (Electric), Synthesizer, Instrumental, Guitar Genre: Pop Rock, Teen Pop, Pop Keywords: Driving, Energetic, Exciting, Happy, Positive, Cool, Uplifting, Carefree, Cheerful, Effervescent, Fresh, Intense, Lively, Slick, Fun, Hopeful, Festive, Heavy, Upbeat
Rooftop Party from the album Contemporary Pop Beds
Evening by the FireplaceIdeal for night time imagery or a couple sharing a romantic conversation, this mellow tune features a recorder melody, electric piano & acoustic guitar.https://www.smartsound.com/strata/images/STRATGSS_200.jpgSingle69304-ST$ 39.9569304-EX$ 69.9569304-W$ 149.95Production Types: Kids, Commercials, Comedy, Home Videos Instrument: Flute, Guitar (Acoustic), Instrumental, Guitar Genre: Nostalgic, Specialty Keywords: Calm, Carefree, Comical, Heartwarming, Soothing, Tranquil, Wacky, Quirky
Evening by the Fireplace from the album Goofy, Silly & Sweet
Walk in the ParkUpbeat and goofy, this sweet track is ideal for couples spending time together. Featuring a bass clarinet melody.https://www.smartsound.com/strata/images/STRATGSS_200.jpgSingle69309-ST$ 39.9569309-EX$ 69.9569309-W$ 149.95Production Types: Kids, Commercials, Comedy, Home Videos Instrument: Clarinet (Bass), Flute, Guitar (Acoustic), Vibraphone, Vocal, Guitar Genre: Specialty Keywords: Tongue-in-cheek, Cool, Carefree, Comical, Goofy, Old-Fashioned, Refreshing, Tranquil, Wacky, Whimsical, Quirky, Fun
Walk in the Park from the album Goofy, Silly & Sweet
Funny WalkA perfect theme for a comedic spy caper or burglary scene, this tune features bouncy playful guitar with electronic drums and a whistling melody.https://www.smartsound.com/producer/images/PS69_200.jpgSingle12104-ST$ 39.9512104-EX$ 69.9512104-W$ 149.95Production Types: Kids, Commercials, Indie Film, Travel, Comedy, Home Videos Instrument: Guitar (Acoustic), Vocal, Acoustic, Guitar Genre: Indie Artist, Whistling, Specialty Keywords: Happy, Leisurely, Quirky, Fun, Spy
Funny Walk from the album The Lighter Side (PS69)
Whistling SmileyIt's hard not to smile with a dual-whistling melody. With a laid back feel, this tune lends itself to children-themed imagery or fun comedic situations.https://www.smartsound.com/producer/images/PS69_200.jpgSingle12110-ST$ 39.9512110-EX$ 69.9512110-W$ 149.95Production Types: Kids, Commercials, Indie Film, Nature, Travel, Comedy, Home Videos Instrument: Guitar (Acoustic), Instrumental, Guitar Genre: Outdoorsy, Indie Artist, Whistling, Specialty Keywords: Cool, Carefree, Comical, Refreshing, Quirky, Fun
Whistling Smiley from the album The Lighter Side (PS69)
Back In The DaysThis waltz-esque track features trumpets and piano, and could be used as a dance number or as Italian wedding background music.https://www.smartsound.com/strata/images/STRATIFF_200.jpgSingle68403-ST$ 39.9568403-EX$ 69.9568403-W$ 149.95Production Types: Kids, Indie Film, Comedy Instrument: Guitar (Acoustic), Piano, Trumpet, Instrumental, Guitar Genre: Retro, Italian, Indie, Specialty Keywords: Comical, Goofy, Old-Fashioned, Quirky, Fun
Back In The Days from the album Indie Film Fest
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Monday, April 28, 2014
- Tornadoes Kill 17, Level Homes in Arkansas and Oklahoma
- U.S. Grows Military Presence in Philippines with 10-Year Pact
- Anti-TPP Activists Protest Obama Speech in Malaysia
- Egypt Court Issues Mass New Death Sentence for Brotherhood Supporters
- Afghan Panel: New Secret Prisons Found on NATO Bases
- U.S. Expands Russia Sanctions; Separatists Seize European Monitors in Ukraine
- Nigerian Schoolgirls Remain Missing After Abduction by Boko Haram
- Judge Backs Gov't on Seizing Overseas Data; Phone Company Tried to Halt NSA Compliance
- NBA Stars Call for Owner's Removal over Racist Comments
Cowboy Indian Alliance Protests Keystone XL Pipeline in D.C. After Latest Obama Admin Delay
Thousands of people rallied in Washington, D.C., on Saturday calling on President Obama to reject the Keystone XL pipeline. The protest was organized by the Cowboy Indian Alliance, a group of ranchers, farmers and tribal communities from along the pipeline route who have set up the "Reject and Protect" encampment near the White House. The rally came a week after the Obama administration announced it had again delayed a decision on approval or rejection of the pipeline that would carry tar sands oil from Alberta to the Gulf Coast. To discuss the continued resistance to the pipeline, we are joined by three guests: Gary Dorr of the Nez Perce Nation, an organizer of the Reject and Protect encampment; Art Tanderup, a Nebraska farmer and Cowboy Indian Alliance member who took part in the protest; and Daryl Hannah, an actress and activist who has been arrested three times for protests against the Keystone XL.
"We Need to End the Fossil Fuel Age": Music Legend Neil Young Protests Keystone XL Oil Pipeline
The legendary Canadian musician Neil Young joined Saturday's protest against the Keystone XL pipeline in Washington, D.C. "We're all children of Mother Earth, and I'm here because I feel we are all threatened by what's happening as a planet," Young said. "We're threatened. I feel that the fossil fuel age is ending. It's having its first death gasps, and we need to keep pushing. We need to stop this pipeline [bringing] this really bad fuel from the tail of the snake in Canada all the way down to the head of the snake in Texas."
Ralph Nader on TPP, GM Recall, Nuclear Power & the "Unstoppable" Left-Right Anti-Corporate Movement
Former presidential candidate and longtime consumer advocate Ralph Nader joins us to discuss his latest book, "Unstoppable: The Emerging Left-Right Alliance to Dismantle the Corporate State." Nader highlights the common concerns shared by a wide swath of the American public, regardless of political orientation, including mass government surveillance, opposing nebulous free trade agreements, reforming the criminal justice system, and punishing criminal behavior on Wall Street. Nader also discusses the U.S. push for the sweeping Trans-Pacific Partnership trade pact, General Motors' new bid to escape liability for its deadly ignition defect, the revived nuclear era under President Obama, and challenging U.S. militarism through the defense budget.
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Coast Guard Ends Search for Survivors from Sunken El Faro
CA Gov. Jerry Brown Signs Law to Require 50% Renewable Energy by 2030
Volkswagen CEO to Testify to Congress He Knew of Emissions Cheating
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Review Board: NYPD Officer Slammed James Blake with "Excessive Force"
Belarusian Writer Svetlana Alexievich Wins Nobel Prize in Literature
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Obama Ends $500 Million Program to Train and Arm Syrian Rebels
Syria: Iranian General Advising Assad Killed by ISIL
Documents: Chilean Dictator Pinochet Ordered 1976 Murder on U.S. Soil
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ACLU: Benton County, WA, Operating "Modern-Day Debtors' Prison"
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subset: commoncrawl


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Doctor insights on:
Esophagus Referred Pain
Yesterday i swallowed chicken with little bone. Now i couldn't feel any symptom such as pain. Is there any specific symptom could i feel if got stucked in esophagus. I havea gastritis. Differnt sympto?
You would know it's stuck in your throat: If it was stuck in your throat, you would have pain in your throat, and it would feel like something's not going down completely. So that's good. The gastritis may or may not be related to that. Chances are higher if the bone was small enough, and it's in your food, and passes out of your body as stool, you should have no problem. If the gastritis continues however, you need to contact your pcp, and have this examined further. ...Read moreGet help from a doctor now ›
Esophagus (Definition)
This is the muscular structure built like a tube that connects your throat to the stomach though which food ...Read more
Can pain in the lungs, throat or esophagus cause referred pain to the muscles in the back of the neck?
Yes: Pain in the chest can be referred into the neck and back. Nerves can travel fr the front of the chest to the back as well (known as intercostals). ...Read moreGet help from a doctor now ›
What is this pain in the esophagus, that I am having, caused from?
Spasm: The esophagus is very muscular to move food from your mouth o your stomach . Sometimes these muscles cramp up into a spasm , which causes a severe pain . Please contact your primary provider to evaluate this further if it dosen't resolve soon ...Read moreGet help from a doctor now ›
I took a pill and now my esophagus is hurting. I think it went down weird. Is there anything i can do to ease the pain?
Esophageal pain: Drinking room temperature water often relieves esophageal spasm. If the pain persists, try liquid mylanta which coats the esophagus. See your physician as needed if symptoms worsen or persist. ...Read moreGet help from a doctor now ›
I'm on the 10th of 30 day of clyndamicin600mg/6hr.Now when I eat or drink I feel pain in the lower esophagus when th food travels that zone.Whatto do?
Inappropriate med: Unless you have NO alternative drugs for your skin and nasal symptoms, I suggest that you see an infectious disease consult ASAP. Clindamycin treats staph aureus (non MRSA) and anaerobes. On a 30 day regimen, you are at high risk for C diff colitis- diarrhea and inflammation of the colon from overgrowth of a clostridium bacteria that makes a toxin.This condition is severe and can be fatal. ...Read moreGet help from a doctor now ›
What should I do about pain in esophagus when eat food or drink?
See you doctor.: You may need a GI evaluation. You could have acid reflux, esophagitis, hiatal hernia, stricture.... You need to be properly evaluated and tested. ...Read moreGet help from a doctor now ›
I've had 3 episodes in the past 5months where food is getting stuck in my lower esophagus. Takes 20 min of pain, mucous and gurgling before it passes.
Family practice : I would suggest that you see a gastroenterologist he needs to scope the area and possibly dilate your esophagus this may be related to acid reflux. ...Read moreGet help from a doctor now ›
Can inflammation of the esophagus cause pain to radiate the upper back?
Yes: Inflammation of the esophagus, espeically related to acid reflux can cuase pain in the upper back. ...Read moreGet help from a doctor now ›
Sometimes it feels like air is coming up my esophagus, kind of like mucus when you are coughing it up, but there isn't mucus and then i cough. No pain?
Aerophagia vs reflux: Involuntary belching after a meal is normal, caused by release of swallowed gas after distension of the stomach with food. Magenblase syndrome is postprandial epigastric fullness ; bloating, relieved by belching. Aerophagia (accumulation of gas due to air swallowing) is common with anxiety, hypersalivation from gum chewing, smoking, drinking, oral irritation. Gerd may contribute to your distress. ...Read moreGet help from a doctor now ›
Have diagnosis of barrett's esophagus and now have pain in left upper quadriant in ribs any ideas?
Unrelated.: Luq pain may be due to variety of issues, but if pain is in the abdomen it is commonly related to large intestine. If pain is reproduced when you push on your ribs it is musculoskeleta. Barret's esophagus is only a risk factor for cancer. As long as you are on a plan for surveillance, you should have no concerns of esophageal cancer. ...Read moreGet help from a doctor now ›
- Talk to a doctor live online for free
- Esophagus pain after vomiting
- Pain in esophagus when breathing
- Organ referred pain chart
- Ask a doctor a question free online
- End of esophagus pain when taking a deep breath
- Referred left shoulder pain causes
- Referred pain chart organs
- Inguinal hernia referred pain
- Talk to a gastroenterologist online


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Featuring songs of rock, blues, and soul recording artists widely covered over the years by working musicians, plus some unique garage band music and great album cuts for musicheads everywhere.
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Our playlists are scientifically formulated to shake your body, move your spirit, and blow your mind.
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Classic Rock Mix
The Eclectic Jam, playing all sorts of neat stuff all the time. From progressive to pop to punk, and more ( P or not ).
Mid-late 1960's garage nuggets, pebbles & Grains of Sand. Formerly, BackTracks AM Radio. Switched format on 7/26/2009.
The station for BRAND NEW Power Pop, melodic indie rock that just doesn't suck! And, Christmas music that doesn't suck!!
Every song played on TGMC is connected to a producer, songwriter,or vocalist from Georgia. Listen to Georgia's independent artist every night 6PM - 6AM.
An eclectic mix of rock, jazz, reggae, surf, lounge and more coming at you from the wilds of suburban New Jersey. Like the Rock 'n' Roll Jazz Lounge on Facebook at http://www.facebook.com/rocknrolljazzlounge
Variety of Music


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All Members are over 18 years of age.
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|By PR Newswire
Article Rating:
|November 28, 2012 08:01 AM EST
- New Forum Sentry Security Gateway Capabilities Bolster Robust, Secure Extension of Corporate Network Architectures to Mobile Devices
LAS VEGAS and BOSTON, Nov. 28, 2012 /PRNewswire/ -- GARTNER APPLICATION ARCHITECTURE, DEVELOPMENT & INTEGRATION SUMMIT 2012, BOOTH S23 -- Forum Systems, a Crosscheck Networks, Inc. company, today announced significant enhancements to its Forum Sentry Security Gateway that allow organizations worldwide to more seamlessly, securely extend their enterprise networks to the iPhone, iPad, Android, BlackBerry and other leading mobile device platforms.
Delivering on users' demands for the productivity and flexibility afforded by BYOD, while ensuring enterprise-caliber performance, security and privacy, the announcement was made in conjunction with the Gartner Application Architecture, Development & Integration Summit 2012 taking place this week at Caesars Palace in Las Vegas.
According to a recent Gartner, Inc. survey, "90 percent of enterprises have already deployed mobile devices, with smartphones being most widely deployed." The survey also revealed that "86 percent of enterprises surveyed said that they plan to deploy media tablets this year." Additionally, as part of its annual forecast of the top 10 strategic technology trends, Gartner recently predicted, "that by 2013 mobile phones will overtake PCs as the most common Web access device worldwide." These dynamics require that organizations capitalize on the benefits of BYOD, while safeguarding against the risks.
Forum Systems has a rich heritage in SOA and services-based architectures. Processing more than 10 billion transactions per day worldwide, Forum Sentry drives secure B2B exchange for hundreds of organizations in market sectors including telecommunications, financial services, federal and state government, and healthcare. Featuring more than 100 industry protocol and messaging standards, Forum Sentry offers out-of-the-box capabilities that dramatically reduce time-to-market, and lessen the cost and complexity of centralizing security, identity and governance.
"While a tremendous boon for users, mobile computing is a vexing proposition for most businesses," said Mamoon Yunus, Founder of Forum Systems and CEO of Crosscheck Networks. "Forward-looking global organizations are laying the groundwork for a successful mobile strategy. Services-based architectures enable these organizations to establish a solid foundation to extend their corporate networks to myriad mobile device platforms. By doing so, they can embrace BYOD most efficiently and effectively – providing the access and flexibility users need, while maintaining the network and data security parameters these businesses demand."
Customers Deploying Forum Sentry Earning Big Wins
For example, a major telecommunications provider in Germany sought to grant its users mobile access to Salesforce.com. The multinational company selected Forum Sentry based on its ability to act as a secure intermediary and provide multiple factors of mobile authentication, ensuring the security and data integrity of those corporate customer accounts. Enabling Single Sign-On (SSO), Forum Sentry seamlessly integrates with both Salesforce.com and a third-party, SIM-based, two-factor authentication solution. Mobile users are now presented with a login prompt followed by a text message with a PIN number. With these two credentials, they can safely access the Salesforce.com portal from their mobile devices.
A financial services company with approximately $26 billion in assets under management, Synovus's use of Forum Sentry represents another example of a business-critical deployment. The firm adopted a SOA strategy to enable legacy and new applications to securely share business rules and data, and help it deliver on its mission of providing best-in-class customer service. A cornerstone of its services-based architecture, Forum Sentry helped Synovus reduce its average online banking sign-in time by 70 percent.
Based on that success, Synovus then looked to extend the online banking experience to mobile users. Since mobile banking relied on the same services-based architecture already in place for online banking, Synovus was able to introduce new mobile banking services within 40 days. With Forum Sentry centralizing access control and identity management, Synovus now supports more than 10,000 customers accessing their accounts through iPhone, Blackberry, Android and WAP clients.
Building on Market-leading Capabilities
Key new features in Forum Sentry that enable rapid, secure mobile to enterprise network integration – eliminating the need to introduce any custom developer code – include:
- Automated SOAP-to-REST and REST-to-SOAP Conversion ensures accessibility to enterprise-class data for mobile device applications. Forum Sentry now includes extensive mobile message format support for HTML, XHTML, JSON, XML and SOAP.
- Comprehensive OAUTH 2.0 Support for unifying identity decisions across multiple systems.
- SAML IdP and SP-Initiated Support for seamless SSO connectivity between application cloud providers including Salesforce.com AppExchange, Google Apps Marketplace and Intuit Marketplace.
- AMQP, RabbitMQ and ActiveMQ Support augments Forum Sentry's direct integration support for 99 percent of the industry's JMS providers. Combined with Forum Sentry's protocol conversion in-line during transaction flows, this enables simplified exposure of data and services to mobile computing consumers using HTTP or HTTPS protocols.
- Mobile Device One-factor and Two-factor Authentication with HTTP redirects, token authentication, session management, and user role and properties mappings provides enhanced identity enforcement and management.
About Forum Systems
Forum Systems, a wholly owned subsidiary of Crosscheck Networks, Inc., is the innovation leader in content security gateway technology. The industry's most comprehensive solution for centralized security, identity and governance for SOA, REST and mobile communications, Forum Sentry enables comprehensive threat mitigation and trust enablement, providing enterprises and government organizations worldwide with the foundation for achieving Secure Service Mediation. Processing more than 10 billion transactions per day worldwide, the FIPS- and DoD-certified Forum Sentry XML Gateway delivers unparalleled protection against HTML-, XML-, SOAP- and REST-based vulnerabilities. Notably, Forum Systems products provide simplified integration and task processing with over 100 built-in, standards-based processing tasks. For more information, please visit www.forumsys.com.
All product and company names herein may be trademarks of their respective owners.
Mobile messaging has been a popular communication channel for more than 20 years. Finnish engineer Matti Makkonen invented the idea for SMS (Short Message Service) in 1984, making his vision a reality on December 3, 1992 by sending the first message ("Happy Christmas") from a PC to a cell phone. Since then, the technology has evolved immensely, from both a technology standpoint, and in our everyday uses for it. Originally used for person-to-person (P2P) communication, i.e., Sally sends a text message to Betty – mobile messaging now offers tremendous value to businesses for customer and empl...
Oct. 4, 2015 08:30 AM EDT Reads: 142
Organizations already struggle with the simple collection of data resulting from the proliferation of IoT, lacking the right infrastructure to manage it. They can't only rely on the cloud to collect and utilize this data because many applications still require dedicated infrastructure for security, redundancy, performance, etc. In his session at 17th Cloud Expo, Emil Sayegh, CEO of Codero Hosting, will discuss how in order to resolve the inherent issues, companies need to combine dedicated and cloud solutions through hybrid hosting – a sustainable solution for the data required to manage I...
Oct. 4, 2015 08:00 AM EDT Reads: 373
As enterprises capture more and more data of all types – structured, semi-structured, and unstructured – data discovery requirements for business intelligence (BI), Big Data, and predictive analytics initiatives grow more complex. A company's ability to become data-driven and compete on analytics depends on the speed with which it can provision their analytics applications with all relevant information. The task of finding data has traditionally resided with IT, but now organizations increasingly turn towards data source discovery tools to find the right data, in context, for business users, d...
Oct. 4, 2015 08:00 AM EDT Reads: 339
Apps and devices shouldn't stop working when there's limited or no network connectivity. Learn how to bring data stored in a cloud database to the edge of the network (and back again) whenever an Internet connection is available. In his session at 17th Cloud Expo, Bradley Holt, Developer Advocate at IBM Cloud Data Services, will demonstrate techniques for replicating cloud databases with devices in order to build offline-first mobile or Internet of Things (IoT) apps that can provide a better, faster user experience, both offline and online. The focus of this talk will be on IBM Cloudant, Apa...
Oct. 4, 2015 08:00 AM EDT Reads: 329
SYS-CON Events announced today that MobiDev, a software development company, will exhibit at the 17th International Cloud Expo®, which will take place November 3-5, 2015, at the Santa Clara Convention Center in Santa Clara, CA. MobiDev is a software development company with representative offices in Atlanta (US), Sheffield (UK) and Würzburg (Germany); and development centers in Ukraine. Since 2009 it has grown from a small group of passionate engineers and business managers to a full-scale mobile software company with over 150 developers, designers, quality assurance engineers, project manage...
Oct. 4, 2015 04:00 AM EDT Reads: 656
The broad selection of hardware, the rapid evolution of operating systems and the time-to-market for mobile apps has been so rapid that new challenges for developers and engineers arise every day. Security, testing, hosting, and other metrics have to be considered through the process. In his session at Big Data Expo, Walter Maguire, Chief Field Technologist, HP Big Data Group, at Hewlett-Packard, will discuss the challenges faced by developers and a composite Big Data applications builder, focusing on how to help solve the problems that developers are continuously battling.
Oct. 4, 2015 04:00 AM EDT Reads: 317
Clearly the way forward is to move to cloud be it bare metal, VMs or containers. One aspect of the current public clouds that is slowing this cloud migration is cloud lock-in. Every cloud vendor is trying to make it very difficult to move out once a customer has chosen their cloud. In his session at 17th Cloud Expo, Naveen Nimmu, CEO of Clouber, Inc., will advocate that making the inter-cloud migration as simple as changing airlines would help the entire industry to quickly adopt the cloud without worrying about any lock-in fears. In fact by having standard APIs for IaaS would help PaaS expl...
Oct. 3, 2015 09:00 PM EDT Reads: 356
SYS-CON Events announced today that Cloud Raxak has been named "Media & Session Sponsor" of SYS-CON's 17th Cloud Expo, which will take place on November 3–5, 2015, at the Santa Clara Convention Center in Santa Clara, CA. Raxak Protect automates security compliance across private and public clouds. Using the SaaS tool or managed service, developers can deploy cloud apps quickly, cost-effectively, and without error.
Oct. 3, 2015 01:15 PM EDT Reads: 568
SYS-CON Events announced today that ProfitBricks, the provider of painless cloud infrastructure, will exhibit at SYS-CON's 17th International Cloud Expo®, which will take place on November 3–5, 2015, at the Santa Clara Convention Center in Santa Clara, CA. ProfitBricks is the IaaS provider that offers a painless cloud experience for all IT users, with no learning curve. ProfitBricks boasts flexible cloud servers and networking, an integrated Data Center Designer tool for visual control over the cloud and the best price/performance value available. ProfitBricks was named one of the coolest Clo...
Oct. 3, 2015 01:00 PM EDT Reads: 649
SYS-CON Events announced today that IBM Cloud Data Services has been named "Bronze Sponsor" of SYS-CON's 17th Cloud Expo, which will take place on November 3–5, 2015, at the Santa Clara Convention Center in Santa Clara, CA. IBM Cloud Data Services offers a portfolio of integrated, best-of-breed cloud data services for developers focused on mobile computing and analytics use cases.
Oct. 3, 2015 12:00 PM EDT Reads: 419
Learn how IoT, cloud, social networks and last but not least, humans, can be integrated into a seamless integration of cooperative organisms both cybernetic and biological. This has been enabled by recent advances in IoT device capabilities, messaging frameworks, presence and collaboration services, where devices can share information and make independent and human assisted decisions based upon social status from other entities. In his session at @ThingsExpo, Michael Heydt, founder of Seamless Thingies, will discuss and demonstrate how devices and humans can be integrated from a simple clust...
Oct. 3, 2015 11:00 AM EDT Reads: 590
Who are you? How do you introduce yourself? Do you use a name, or do you greet a friend by the last four digits of his social security number? Assuming you don't, why are we content to associate our identity with 10 random digits assigned by our phone company? Identity is an issue that affects everyone, but as individuals we don't spend a lot of time thinking about it. In his session at @ThingsExpo, Ben Klang, Founder & President of Mojo Lingo, will discuss the impact of technology on identity. Should we federate, or not? How should identity be secured? Who owns the identity? How is identity ...
Oct. 3, 2015 11:00 AM EDT Reads: 395
You have your devices and your data, but what about the rest of your Internet of Things story? Two popular classes of technologies that nicely handle the Big Data analytics for Internet of Things are Apache Hadoop and NoSQL. Hadoop is designed for parallelizing analytical work across many servers and is ideal for the massive data volumes you create with IoT devices. NoSQL databases such as Apache HBase are ideal for storing and retrieving IoT data as "time series data."
Oct. 3, 2015 09:45 AM EDT Reads: 313
SYS-CON Events announced today that HPM Networks will exhibit at the 17th International Cloud Expo®, which will take place on November 3–5, 2015, at the Santa Clara Convention Center in Santa Clara, CA. For 20 years, HPM Networks has been integrating technology solutions that solve complex business challenges. HPM Networks has designed solutions for both SMB and enterprise customers throughout the San Francisco Bay Area.
Oct. 3, 2015 09:00 AM EDT Reads: 534
"The Internet of Things transforms the way organizations leverage machine data and gain insights from it," noted Splunk's CTO Snehal Antani, as Splunk announced accelerated momentum in Industrial Data and the IoT. The trend is driven by Splunk's continued investment in its products and partner ecosystem as well as the creativity of customers and the flexibility to deploy Splunk IoT solutions as software, cloud services or in a hybrid environment. Customers are using Splunk® solutions to collect and correlate data from control systems, sensors, mobile devices and IT systems for a variety of Ind...
Oct. 3, 2015 02:00 AM EDT Reads: 538
SYS-CON Events announced today that Solgeniakhela will exhibit at SYS-CON's 17th International Cloud Expo®, which will take place on November 3–5, 2015, at the Santa Clara Convention Center in Santa Clara, CA. Solgeniakhela is the global market leader in Cloud Collaboration and Cloud Infrastructure software solutions. Designed to "Bridge the Gap" between Personal and Professional Social, Mobile and Cloud user experiences, our solutions help large and medium-sized organizations dramatically improve productivity, reduce collaboration costs, and increase the overall enterprise value by bringing ...
Oct. 2, 2015 10:00 PM EDT Reads: 535
Sensors and effectors of IoT are solving problems in new ways, but small businesses have been slow to join the quantified world. They'll need information from IoT using applications as varied as the businesses themselves. In his session at @ThingsExpo, Roger Meike, Distinguished Engineer, Director of Technology Innovation at Intuit, will show how IoT manufacturers can use open standards, public APIs and custom apps to enable the Quantified Small Business. He will use a Raspberry Pi to connect sensors to web services, and cloud integration to connect accounting and data, providing a Bluetooth...
Oct. 2, 2015 03:30 PM EDT Reads: 335
SYS-CON Events announced today that Micron Technology, Inc., a global leader in advanced semiconductor systems, will exhibit at the 17th International Cloud Expo®, which will take place on November 3–5, 2015, at the Santa Clara Convention Center in Santa Clara, CA. Micron's broad portfolio of high-performance memory technologies – including DRAM, NAND and NOR Flash – is the basis for solid state drives, modules, multichip packages and other system solutions. Backed by more than 35 years of technology leadership, Micron's memory solutions enable the world's most innovative computing, consumer,...
Oct. 2, 2015 07:00 AM EDT Reads: 554
Nowadays, a large number of sensors and devices are connected to the network. Leading-edge IoT technologies integrate various types of sensor data to create a new value for several business decision scenarios. The transparent cloud is a model of a new IoT emergence service platform. Many service providers store and access various types of sensor data in order to create and find out new business values by integrating such data.
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SYS-CON Media announced that Splunk, a provider of the leading software platform for real-time Operational Intelligence, has launched an ad campaign on Big Data Journal. Splunk software and cloud services enable organizations to search, monitor, analyze and visualize machine-generated big data coming from websites, applications, servers, networks, sensors and mobile devices. The ads focus on delivering ROI - how improved uptime delivered $6M in annual ROI, improving customer operations by mining large volumes of unstructured data, and how data tracking delivers uptime when it matters most.
Oct. 1, 2015 06:00 AM EDT Reads: 7,343


text:
West Memphis Hotels
Comfort Inn West Memphis
1300 Ingram Blvd, West Memphis, AR 72301
Satisfaction: Average
Good for: Solo
Comfort Suites
850 Stephen Boulevard, West Memphis, Arkansas, 72301, United States
Satisfaction: Excellent
Good for: Solo
Homegate Inn & Suites
1301 Ingram Blvd, West Memphis, Arkansas, 72301, United States
Satisfaction: Very Good
Good for: Business
Hampton Inn West Memphis
2003 S Service Rd, West Memphis, AR 72301
Satisfaction: Very Good
Good for: Couples
Days Inn West Memphis Pyramid
from this motel just at the arkansas-tennessee border, it takes only about 15 mins to get to...more
Quality Inn Downtown Memphis
1009 E Service Rd, West Memphis, AR 72301
Satisfaction: Terrible
Good for: Business
Super 8 West Memphis
901 Martin Luther King Jr Blvd
Satisfaction: Terrible
Good for: Business
Econo Lodge West Memphis
2315 S Service Rd, West Memphis, AR 72301
Satisfaction: Terrible
Good for: Business
Best Western West Memphis Inn
3401 Service Loop Rd, West Memphis, AR 72301
Satisfaction: Terrible
Good for: Couples
West Memphis Restaurants
Denny's: Denny's
Okay, Okay, I hate to leave bad reviews..and this is NO reflection on our waitress..she was very pleasant and way over worked...She seated us, took our order and brought it out and also checked us out..she did this for about 8 tables and the tables were large parties of 3 or more..not singles..
Not sure where her help was..hope she wasn't doing the cooking too.
The food quality was horrible...I ordered the slim slam of egg whites scrambled with spinach and tomatoes and onions (not bad but the spinach was overwhelming) I actually had spinach with a little scrambled egg whites with them and the spinach was not cut up, whole large pieces. I am not much for adding salt and pepper, but the cook USED NO seasoning...so I had to doctor it up some..I ordered a soda to drink..I know that is BAD!!! There was also turkey bacon (slightly burnt) english muffin..toasted but no butter on it so by the time it arrived they were cold...and some shiny fresh fruit..not sure why shiny but I passed on the muffin and fruit..
Noel and Tony both got slams with regular eggs, hot cakes, bacon and sausage...too much food for me..Tony had his coffee and milk and Noel with tea. Everyone ate the food but I will NOT go back to this location. It was $35 with tip and taxes..too much, not great quality of food for the pricing..Related to:
- Family Travel
- Food and Dining
- Budget Travel
Diner: Go To Marion to Eat
Down home, meat and three restaurant in Marion Arkansas is worth the drive.
Lot's of cops eat lunch there after dropping prisoners off at the prison. You can feel safe eating in Marion
Favorite Dish: Fried chicken, fried okra, pinto beans, rice.
Mashed potatos, banana pudding.
Collard Greens
Gravy on anthing you want.
Sweet ice tea..yummm
West Memphis Hotels17 Hotels in West Memphis
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text:
Writer: Site Staff
Date:Sunday May 4 2014
Time: 3:50PM
Caretaker manager John McMahon has said his only choice in response to the loss yesterday and our relegation from League 1 is to simply look to the future because he knows how important it is that changes are made at the club to we can draw a line under this campaign and hopefully move forward with improvement.
Speaking to the press following the game and our league status being decided, he explained.
'As a football club we now need to review the structure of how we do things. We need a good base and a good structure to move forward with. I don't think the club has had one in recent season, the board need to put that in place because without those foundations we can't grow.'
McMahon goes on to say that in his opinion our 'player recruitment' needs a major overhaul and he also feels we need to put the right staff in place to help with that.
'My objective was to keep us in League One and unfortunately that hasn't happened. I am just disappointed for the fans, players and everyone connected with the club. We have struggled in previous seasons and it can't go on like that. The club needs to make changes because that is the only way to move it forward and we need to do that quickly.'
McMahon goes on to say that really the club needs to define itself and we need to create a style of play and an ethos at all levels, so we clearly know the type of players we should be targeting and then when bringing youngsters through they will already have been developed with our style of play in mind so the transition should be more seamless.
Certainly going to be a big summer now.
Date:Sunday May 4 2014
Time: 3:50PM
Brabin Continues Looking Forward (Wednesday July 29 2015)
Grimsby Also On TV (Wednesday July 29 2015)
Welling To Be Screened (Tuesday July 21 2015)
Friendlies - Marine & Cammell Laird Catch Up (Tuesday July 21 2015)
Tranmere Announce 2015-16 Shirt Numbers (Friday July 17 2015)
Brabin Reviews First Two Friendlies (Sunday July 12 2015)
Koumas Retires (Sunday July 12 2015)
National League Season Begins At Prenton (Friday July 3 2015)
New Duo Join On (Thursday July 2 2015)
Hill Stays, Laird Leaves - Mini Round Up (Monday June 22 2015)
|Latest Results
|1. Cheltenham
|2. Tranmere
» Torquay : 06/10/2015 22:07:00
» Cheltenham : 06/10/2015 22:05:01
|6/10/15: Results, Scorers, Attendances & Table
» Lincoln : 06/10/2015 21:52:00
|6/10/15: Vanarama National League Score Updates
» Lincoln : 06/10/2015 18:58:00
|Average Player Ratings V Guiseley AFC
» Lincoln : 05/10/2015 19:18:00


text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Jan 19, 1993
|Filing date
|Oct 26, 1990
|Priority date
|Apr 12, 1990
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Abdul R. Forouhi
|Original Assignee
|Actel Corporation
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (3), Referenced by (75), Classifications (19), Legal Events (5)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This application is a continuation-in-part of co-pending application Ser. No. 07/508,306 filed Apr. 12, 1990, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,070,384.
1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to integrated electronic circuit technology. More particularly, this invention relates to electrically programmable antifuse elements.
2. The Prior Art
Integrated electronic circuits are usually fabricated with all internal connections set during the manufacturing process. However, because of high development costs and high manufacturing tooling costs of such circuits, it is advantageous if such circuits can be configured or programmed by the user for a specific application. Such circuits are called programmable circuits and are programmed by either selectively breaking or creating a series of programmable links. Programmable links are electrical interconnects which are broken or created at selected electronic nodes in the circuit by the user after the integrated circuit device has been fabricated and packaged. Such programming is undertaken in order to activate or deactivate, respectively, the selected electronic nodes such that the PROM can be programmed to perform a desired function.
Fusible links have been used extensively in PROM devices and are well known. A PROM device usually consists of an X-Y matrix or lattice of conductors or semiconductors. At each cross-over point of the lattice, a conducting link connects a transistor or other electronic node to the lattice network. The PROM is programmed by providing a high programming current to predesignated fusible links which connect to selected nodes. Links are then blown out to create an open circuit. The combination of blown and unblown fusible links represents a digital bit pattern of ones and zeros signifying data which the user wishes to store in the PROM.
Fusible link PROM systems present certain disadvantages. For example, relatively high programming voltages and high
current levels are needed during programming to guarantee the complete blowing out of the fusible links. Since the fusible link is usually conductive, excessive power dissipation may be necessary in order to blow out the link and thus program the device. Also the shape and size of the fusible links must be very precisely controlled so that the link will function effectively as a conductor if it is not blown out. Conversely, the fusible link must be a completely open circuit if it is blown. Therefore, very critical photolithographic steps and controlled etched techniques are required during the manufacturing of fusible link PROMs. Such precise dimensional tolerances are difficult and expensive to attain. In addition, a large gap must be blown in the fusible link in order to prevent it from later closing by reason of the accumulation of conducting material near the blown gap. Accordingly, fusible link memory cells must be disadvantageously large in order to accommodate the fusible link and an associated selection transistor which develops the high current needed to blow the link. Fusible links therefore take up an excessively large amount of valuable space on a semiconductor chip and have high manufacturing and material costs.
Another type of programmable link, called an antifuse link, has been developed for use in integrated circuit applications in order to overcome the foregoing disadvantages of fusible links. Instead of a programming mechanism for causing an open circuit as is the case with the fusible link, the programming mechanism for an antifuse creates a short circuit or relatively low resistance link. Antifuse links consist typically of two conductor and/or semiconductor elements having some kind of a dielectric or insulating material between them. During programming, the dielectric at selected points between the conductive elements is broken down by a current developed from a predetermined programming voltage applied to the conductive elements of selected links to thereby electrically connect the conducting or semiconducting elements.
Various materials have been suggested for both the conducting elements and the dielectric or insulating layer. Some of these suggested dielectric materials require a relatively high current and voltage during programming and therefore demand complex manufacturing techniques. Such antifuse elements have low reliability during programming because it is difficult to control the reproducability of the conductive state due to the nature of the crystalline microstructures of the dielectric layer.
In addition, the programming process results in a link having a finite resistance on the order of several hundred to several thousand ohms. This characteristic of known antifuse elements renders them relatively unsuitable for use in high speed circuits. Such increased resistance results in high impedance and unacceptably high power consumption when several thousand circuits are switching simultaneously.
Prior art antifuse devices are typically one of two major types depending upon the dielectric or insulating material which comprises the interlayer disposed between the two conductive elements. Dielectric antifuses typically employ silicon dioxide or a multilayer sandwich of silicon dioxide and silicon nitride. Antifuse elements employing a dielectric interlayer are disadvantageous because they require programming voltages on the order of 16 to 20 volts in order to be programmed and still remain reliable at normal operating voltages of 5 volts. In order to program dielectric type antifuses so that they maintain reliable operation at 5 volts, the dielectric thickness must be on the order of 100Å. Such a thin interlayer has the disadvantage of producing a relatively high capacitance. This can severely limit device operating speed because numerous unblown antifuses on a single line act as capacitors linked in parallel. The sum of the individual capacitances of the unblown antifuses therefore may be quite high and may drastically slow down data signals.
Another possible drawback of known dielectric antifuses containing silicon dioxide or a multilayer sandwich of silicon dioxide and silicon nitride is that a high temperature low pressure chemical vapor deposition (LPCVD) process must be used in order to deposit the thin oxide layer, or nitride layer with good uniformity and film controllability. However, the high temperature LPCVD process may have the disadvantage of inducing the formation of hillocks on the first metallic layer. The hillock formations may extend through the 100 Å thin oxide and cause multiple short circuits between the first and second metallic layers, so it is advisable to avoid hillocks between metal layers.
The second type of prior art antifuse typically comprises an interlayer of amorphous silicon sandwiched between first and second layers of metal. The antifuses incorporating an amorphous silicon interlayer provide a thickness on the order of twenty times greater for the same programming voltage as compared to the dielectric antifuses with the 100 Å or less thin oxide or thin nitride layers. However, amorphous silicon antifuses have the disadvantage of extremely high leakage currents. The high leakage current inherent in the use of amorphous silicon can create a serious problem in terms of the controllability of the programming voltage. High leakage current can also cause severe storage time degradation in MOS devices. Thus prior art amorphous silicon antifuses have serious programmability problems. In addition, an amorphous silicon antifuse may be prone to crack propagation and continuity failure after long hours of operation.
In order to overcome the foregoing disadvantages of prior art antifuses wherein the interlayer consists exclusively either of a dielectric or an amorphous silicon material, it is an object of the present invention to provide an electrically programmable low impedance antifuse which may be programmed with programming voltages of 18 volts or less in order to maintain reliable low impedance operation at standard MOS device operating voltage of 5 volts.
It is yet a further object of the present invention to provide a antifuse element having a well-controlled programming voltage which will provide an improved degree of uniformity in the formation of the ohmic contact between the conducting elements and will advantageously require a lower programming voltage.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a plurality of electrically programmable antifuse elements with substantially reduced parasitic capacitance for use in a PROM device which will result in faster speed and greatly reduced power consumption when several thousand gates are switching simultaneously.
It is yet another object of the present invention to provide an electrically programmable antifuse element which substantially eliminates leakage currents, crack propagation and continuity failure inherent in a prior art amorphous silicon antifuse elements and thereby greatly improve the memory storage reliability and useful lifetime of a PROM device incorporating a plurality of antifuse elements. Other and further advantages of the present invention will appear hereinafter.
In order to overcome the above discussed disadvantages of known antifuse elements, an electrically programmable low impedance antifuse element is disclosed, a plurality of which may be integrated on a semiconductor substrate.
An antifuse according to the present invention may be fabricated as a part of an integrated circuit in a layer located above and insulated from the semiconductor substrate. The antifuse includes a lower first electrode, a first dielectric layer disposed over the lower first electrode, a layer of amorphous silicon disposed above the first dielectric layer, a second dielectric layer disposed above the amorphous silicon layer, and an upper second electrode disposed above the second dielectric layer.
FIG. 1 is a cross section of an antifuse to a presently preferred embodiment of the invention.
The present invention is particularly useful for providing an antifuse structure for connecting together conductors disposed in adjacent metal layers of an integrated circuit.
Referring first to FIG. 1a, a preferred embodiment of the present invention is fabricated on a semiconductor substrate 10. Those of ordinary skill in the art will readily recognize that substrate 10 may in fact be a well region of one conductivity type fabricated in a semiconductor substrate of opposite conductivity type as is common in a CMOS process.
Disposed above substrate 10 is a layer 12, which those of ordinary skill in the art will recognize to comprise all the thin film layers above the substrate necessary for the fabrication of the integrated circuit. As is common in CMOS processes, a BPSG or other passivation layer will be the topmost film in layer 12.
The first, or lower, electrode 14 of the antifuse of the present invention is first formed above layer 12 using conventional thin film processing techniques, and lies in contact with the passivation layer. Where necessary as described below, lower electrode 14 of the antifuse element may comprise a composite layer including a first adhesion-promoting layer 16 such as Ti, Cr and TiW, having a thickness of about 100Å, covered by a conductive layer 18. Conductive layer 18 may comprise a metal, such as aluminum, a refractory metal such as tungsten, molybdenum, platinum, titanium, tantalum or silicides of those metals or arsenic-doped polysilicon.
Conductive layer 18 may have a thickness in the range of between about 1,000 Å and 10,000 Å, preferably from about 4,000Å to 6,000 Å. One purpose of using an arsenic-polysilicon layer as lower electrode conductive layer 18 is to reduce the resistance of the antifuse if desired, as taught in U.S. Pat. No. 4,823,181 to Mohsen, et al. and co-pending application, Ser. No. 137,935, filed Dec. 28, 1987 and assiqned to the same assignee as the present invention, both of which are expressly incorporated herein by reference. The arsenic dopant concentration should be somewhere on the order of 1020 atoms/cm3.
In general, the first and second electrodes can be made of materials such as tungsten. However, as is well known by those of ordinary skill in the art, tungsten does not adhere well to oxides such as SiO2, PSG, and BPSG. Thus, an adhesion promoting layer such as Ti, TiW or Cr, about 100 Å thick, should be deposited between the tungsten and any of such oxide layers.
Those of ordinary skill in the art will readily recognize that, where aluminum is utilized as the first and/or second electrode and it is in contact with a silicon layer, a barrier layer should be interposed between the two in order to avoid uncontrolled interdiffusion of Al and Si. Such a barrier layer can be TiW or TiN with a thickness of about between 500 Å and 1,550 Å.
After its formation, the composite lower electrode 14 may then be etched using conventional semiconductor processing techniques to provide both metal or other interconnects and lower electrodes for a plurality of antifuses according to the present invention.
A first dielectric layer 20 is next formed over the surface of lower electrode 14. In a presently preferred embodiment, first dielectric layer 20 is a layer of a generic silicon nitride Six Ny :H, produced by a CVD method such as PECVD or LPCVD. In a presently preferred embodiment, first dielectric layer 20 may have a thickness in the range of from between about 50 to 300 Å.
Those of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that other dielectric materials, such as Si3 N4, SiO2, silicon oxynitride and suboxide of silicon (SiOx), and other dielectric materials compatible with semiconductor processing techniques may be used for first dielectric layer 20, and depending on the material chosen for conductive layer 18, an adhesion promoting layer may be utilized if necessary.
Next, an antifuse layer 22 of doped or undoped silicon film, preferably produced by known CVD or sputtering techniques, is placed over the first dielectric layer 20. In a presently preferred embodiment this antifuse layer may be formed of hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H), amorphous silicon (a-Si), or polycrystalline silicon, and may have a thickness in the range of about between 1,000 to 5,000 Å. If desired, antifuse layer 22 may be lightly doped with boron, phosphorus or arsenic to a level, for example, of about 1�1014 atoms/cm3 for the purpose of stabilizing the microstructure of the amorphous silicon.
Next a second dielectric layer 24, similar to first dielectric layer 20, is formed on the surface of antifuse layer 22 using a CVD method such as PECVD or LPCVD. The materials used for second dielectric layer 24 may be a ny of the materials from which first dielectric layer 20 is formed. Dielectric layers 20 and 24 need not be made of the same material.
At various points in the process, the layers may be etched to define individual antifuses. For instance, after its formation, the antifuse layer 22 may then be etched using conventional semiconductor processing techniques to provide the desired structures for a plurality of antifuses according to the present invention. Finally, second, or upper, electrode 26 is formed over second dielectric layer 24 using conventional thin film deposition techniques. Like first electrode 14, second electrode 26 may be a composite of an adhesion-promoting layer 28 (if necessary as described above), such as Ti and TiW, having a thickness of about 100 Å, and a metal layer as used for the first electrode, having a thickness in the range of from about 1,000 Å to 10,000 Å.
The employment of the composite interlayer comprising first and second dielectric layers 20 and 24 and antifuse layer 22 as disclosed herein enables the use of a process where the dielectric and antifuse layers 20, 22, and 24 can be sequentially deposited in the same CVD reactor or sputtering system without breaking the vacuum, thus increasing throughput and minimizing contamination. The employment of such a composite layer also has the advantage of substantially eliminating parasitic capacitances and leakage currents which are so common in prior art antifuse elements. The parasitic capacitance may be substantially eliminated because of the increased spacing between the lower and upper electrodes afforded by the composite dielectric and amorphous silicon interlayer.
It will be appreciated that antifuse layer 22 in combination with adjacent dielectric layers 20 and 24 also has the advantage of substantially eliminating defect densities such as crack propagation, continuity failure, and other structural defects which cause leakage currents since such defects would have to appear simultaneously at the same point in both the dielectric layers 20 and 24 and antifuse layer 22, a highly unlikely event. Thus, the novel combination of dielectric layers 20 and 24 and antifuse layer 22 interposed between them provides greatly enhanced antifuse reliability than is possible with most antifuse structures.
It is presently preferred to perform the deposition of both a-Si:H and Six Ny :H at a temperature of about 380� C. although it is believed that the temperature may range from about 200�-450� C. It is also presently preferred that the hydrogen content of the a-Si:H be about 10%, although it is presently believed that ranges from about 5-40% will result in a functional antifuse. In
addition, the composition of Six Ny :H is preferably one in which x=3 and y=4, although silicon rich compositions are believed to be satisfactory. The preferred hydrogen content of the Six Ny :H is about 10%, although it is presently believed that ranges from about 5-40% will result in a functional antifuse.
The antifuse of the present invention is programmed by applying a voltage between the first and second electrodes. The magnitude of the programming voltage necessary to program the antifuse of the present invention depends on several factors including the thicknesses of layers 20, 22, and 24, the hydrogen content of these layers, as well as Si to N ratios of layers 20 and 24. For example, an antifuse having 150 Å of PECVD silicon nitride for layers 20 and 24 and 2,000 Å of amorphous silicon for layer 22, all deposited at 380� C., will need about 12 volts to program it.
While a presently-preferred embodiment of the invention has been disclosed, those of ordinary skill in the art will, from an examination of the within disclosure and drawing be able to configure other embodiments of the invention. These other embodiments are intended to fall within the scope of the present invention which is to be limited only by the scope of the appended claims.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Apr 13, 1988
|May 31, 1988
|Texas Instruments Incorporated
|Deep polysilicon emitter antifuse memory cell
|Jan 12, 1989
|Jun 12, 1990
|General Instrument Corporation
|Secure integrated circuit chip with conductive shield
|Apr 12, 1990
|Dec 3, 1991
|Actel Corporation
|Electrically programmable antifuse element incorporating a dielectric and amorphous silicon interlayer
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Sep 29, 1992
|Sep 28, 1993
|Texas Instruments Incorporated
|Method of forming an antifuse
|Jun 17, 1993
|Apr 5, 1994
|Texas Instruments Incorporated
|Metal-to-metal antifuse structure
|Jul 28, 1992
|Jun 7, 1994
|Quicklogic Corporation
|Programmable interconnect structures and programmable integrated circuits
|Jul 28, 1992
|Nov 8, 1994
|Quicklogic Corporation
|Programmable interconnect structures and programmable integrated circuits
|Dec 21, 1993
|Jan 10, 1995
|Chen; Wenn-Jei
|Metal-to-metal antifuse including etch stop layer
|Apr 2, 1993
|Jan 24, 1995
|Crosspoint Solutions, Inc.
|Antifuse circuit structure for use in a field programmable gate array and method of manufacture thereof
|Nov 12, 1991
|Apr 4, 1995
|Actel Corporation
|Electrically programmable antifuse element
|Jan 19, 1993
|May 2, 1995
|Actel Corporation
|Electrically programmable antifuse incorporating dielectric and amorphous silicon interlayer
|Jan 12, 1994
|May 2, 1995
|Texas Instruments Incorporated
|Fuse and antifuse reprogrammable link for integrated circuits
|Jul 7, 1993
|Sep 12, 1995
|Actel Corporation
|Read-disturb tolerant metal-to-metal antifuse and fabrication method
|Dec 14, 1993
|Sep 19, 1995
|Texas Instruments Incorporated
|Metal-to-metal antifuse structure
|Oct 4, 1993
|Dec 12, 1995
|Xilinx, Inc.
|Antifuse structure with increased breakdown at edges
|Dec 28, 1994
|Dec 19, 1995
|Actel Corporation
|Programmable logic module and architecture for field programmable gate array device
|Jan 10, 1994
|Jan 23, 1996
|Xilinx, Inc.
|Antifuse structure with double oxide layers
|Oct 7, 1994
|Feb 20, 1996
|Crosspoint Solutions, Inc.
|Antifuse circuit structure for use in a field programmable gate array and method of manufacture thereof
|May 8, 1995
|Mar 26, 1996
|Xilinx, Inc.
|Method of forming a antifuse structure with increased breakdown at edges
|Oct 24, 1994
|Aug 6, 1996
|Actel Corporation
|Metal to metal antifuse
|Apr 22, 1994
|Sep 3, 1996
|Actel Corporation
|Electrically programmable antifuse incorporating dielectric and amorphous silicon interlayers
|Jun 1, 1992
|Sep 17, 1996
|Quicklogic Corporation
|Programmable interconnect structures and programmable integrated circuits
|Jun 28, 1995
|Oct 29, 1996
|Actel Corporation
|Programmable logic module and architecture for field programmable gate array device
|Sep 1, 1995
|Feb 25, 1997
|Actel Corporation
|Programmable logic module and architecture for field programmable gate array device
|Aug 1, 1994
|Mar 25, 1997
|Actel Corporation
|Metal-to-metal antifuse with conductive
|Nov 1, 1995
|Aug 19, 1997
|United Technologies Corporation
|Antifuse structure and process for manufacturing the same
|Feb 14, 1995
|Sep 2, 1997
|Crosspoint Solutions, Inc.
|Antifuse with double via, spacer-defined contact
|Jan 30, 1995
|Sep 23, 1997
|Actel Corporation
|Dielectric-polysilicon-dielectric antifuse for field programmable logic applications
|May 21, 1996
|Dec 23, 1997
|Quicklogic Corporation
|Programmable interconnect structures and programmable integrated circuits
|Oct 13, 1994
|Feb 10, 1998
|Quicklogic Corporation
|Field programmable gate array having reproducible metal-to-metal amorphous silicon antifuses
|Mar 6, 1996
|Mar 10, 1998
|Xilinx, Inc.
|Multilayer amorphous silicon antifuse
|Feb 16, 1996
|Apr 28, 1998
|Actel Corporation
|Flexible, high-performance static RAM architecture for field-programmable gate arrays
|Nov 1, 1995
|Jun 2, 1998
|United Technologies Corporation
|Method of making an antifuse structure using a metal cap layer
|Oct 3, 1996
|Jun 9, 1998
|Actel Corporation
|Above via metal-to-metal antifuses incorporating a tungsten via plug
|Oct 17, 1995
|Jun 16, 1998
|Prolinx Labs Corporation
|Ball grid array structure and method for packaging an integrated circuit chip
|Apr 11, 1996
|Jun 23, 1998
|Actel Corporation
|Electrically programmable antifuse incorporating dielectric and amorphous silicon interlayers
|Nov 12, 1996
|Jul 14, 1998
|Actel Corporation
|Fabrication method for metal-to-metal antifuses incorporating a tungsten via plug
|May 21, 1996
|Jul 14, 1998
|Quicklogic Corporation
|Electrically programmable interconnect structure having a PECVD amorphous silicon element
|Nov 7, 1996
|Aug 4, 1998
|Actel Corporation
|Antifuse with improved antifuse material
|Jun 4, 1996
|Sep 8, 1998
|Actel Corporation
|Fabrication process for raised tungsten plug antifuse
|Jul 30, 1997
|Sep 15, 1998
|Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company, Ltd.
|Method of making a barrier layer to protect programmable antifuse structure from damage during fabrication sequence
|Oct 7, 1994
|Sep 15, 1998
|Prolinx Labs Corporation
|Programmable/reprogramable structure using fuses and antifuses
|Oct 7, 1994
|Sep 29, 1998
|Prolinx Labs Corporation
|Programmable cable and cable adapter using fuses and antifuses
|Mar 14, 1995
|Nov 10, 1998
|Prolinx Labs Corporation
|Use of conductive particles in a nonconductive body as an integrated circuit antifuse
|Jul 11, 1995
|Jan 5, 1999
|Actel Corporation
|Method of fabricating an antifuse
|Apr 10, 1996
|Feb 16, 1999
|Prolinx Labs Corporation
|Multilayer board having insulating isolation rings
|Dec 18, 1996
|Mar 9, 1999
|Quicklogic Corporation
|Programmable interconnect structures and programmable integrated circuits
|Oct 4, 1995
|May 25, 1999
|Prolinx Labs Corporation
|Method and structure to interconnect traces of two conductive layers in a printed circuit board
|Jun 30, 1997
|May 25, 1999
|Prolinx Labs Corporation
|Programmable/reprogrammable structure using fuses and antifuses
|Jul 29, 1996
|Jun 29, 1999
|Prolinx Labs Corporation
|Programmable/reprogrammable printed circuit board using fuse and/or antifuse as interconnect
|Dec 23, 1996
|Jul 6, 1999
|Actel Corporation
|Raised tungsten plug antifuse and fabrication processes
|Jan 18, 1995
|Oct 5, 1999
|Prolinx Labs Corporation
|Antifuse interconnect between two conducting layers of a printed circuit board
|Dec 30, 1997
|Oct 19, 1999
|Xilinx, Inc.
|Method of forming multilayer amorphous silicon antifuse
|Jun 6, 1995
|Nov 16, 1999
|Mccollum; John L.
|Reduced leakage antifuse structure
|Jul 1, 1997
|Nov 23, 1999
|Prolinx Labs Corporation
|Method for supporting one or more electronic components
|Dec 8, 1989
|Nov 23, 1999
|Quicklogic Corporation
|Method for fabrication of programmable interconnect structure
|Jan 28, 1998
|Mar 7, 2000
|Prolinx Labs Corporation
|Ball grid array structure and method for packaging an integrated circuit chip
|May 8, 1998
|Aug 1, 2000
|Quicklogic Corporation
|Programmable interconnect structures and programmable integrated circuits
|Aug 30, 1995
|Aug 29, 2000
|Actel Corporation
|Antifuse structure suitable for VLSI application
|Apr 17, 1998
|Sep 26, 2000
|Actel Corporation
|Raised tungsten plug antifuse and fabrication processes
|Sep 27, 1999
|Nov 21, 2000
|Quicklogic Corporation
|Method for fabrication of programmable interconnect structure
|Jun 7, 1995
|Jan 9, 2001
|Canon Kabushiki Kaisha
|Etching solution for etching porous silicon, etching method using the etching solution and method of preparing semiconductor member using the etching solution
|Oct 1, 1999
|Jul 24, 2001
|Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company
|Method of making a barrier layer to protect programmable antifuse structure from damage during fabrication sequence
|Dec 20, 2002
|Apr 27, 2004
|Actel Corporation
|Programming methods for an amorphous carbon metal-to-metal antifuse
|Apr 1, 2003
|Jul 27, 2004
|Actel Corporation
|Metal-to-metal antifuse employing carbon-containing antifuse material
|Dec 27, 2002
|Nov 15, 2005
|Actel Corporation
|Amorphous carbon metal-to-metal antifuse with adhesion promoting layers
|Aug 23, 2005
|Apr 15, 2008
|Actel Corporation
|Amorphous carbon metal-to-metal antifuse with adhesion promoting layers
|Mar 10, 2005
|Jun 24, 2008
|Actel Corporation
|Switching ratio and on-state resistance of an antifuse programmed below 5 mA and having a Ta or TaN barrier metal layer
|Aug 1, 2005
|Jul 1, 2008
|Actel Corporation
|Reprogrammable metal-to-metal antifuse employing carbon-containing antifuse material
|Feb 20, 2004
|Dec 2, 2008
|Actel Corporation
|Reprogrammable metal-to-metal antifuse employing carbon-containing antifuse material
|Oct 30, 2008
|Mar 13, 2012
|Fujifilm Corporation
|Silicon-nitrogen compound film, and gas-barrier film and thin-film device using the silicon-nitrogen compound film
|Apr 8, 2011
|Aug 27, 2013
|Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd.
|Semiconductor device and manufacturing method thereof
|Mar 18, 2004
|Oct 13, 2005
|Sony Corporation
|Memory element and storage device using this
|Aug 9, 2013
|Dec 12, 2013
|The Regents Of The University Of Michigan
|Non-volatile solid state resistive switching devices
|Sep 30, 2002
|Sep 29, 2004
|Actel Corporation
|Metal-to-metal antifuse employing carbon-containing antifuse material
|May 24, 1995
|Nov 30, 1995
|Crosspoint Solutions Inc
|A low capacitance, isotropically etched antifuse
|Sep 30, 2002
|Apr 10, 2003
|Actel Corp
|Metal-to-metal antifuse employing carbon-containing antifuse material
|Feb 22, 2005
|Sep 9, 2005
|Actel Corp
|Reprogrammable metal-to-metal antifuse employing carbon-containing antifuse material
|U.S. Classification
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Dec 3, 1990
Owner name: ACTEL CORPORATION, 955 E. ARQUES AVENUE, SUNNYVALE
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:FOROUHI, ABDUL R.;REEL/FRAME:005540/0835
Effective date: 19901127
|Sep 6, 1994
|Certificate of correction
|Jul 8, 1996
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|Jul 18, 2000
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 8
|Jul 19, 2004
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 12


text:
(770) 381-2700
FOR FASTEST SERVICE AND FIRST TIME REQUESTS PLEASE E-MAIL US AT email@example.com. We are a full service Internet based travel agency serving the small business and vacation traveler. Our travel professionals take a personal interest in our customers. We know you have many choices when it comes to making travel arrangements. We want to be your first choice. Headquartered near Atlanta, GA, we currently serve clients in 38 states and on 4 continents. Our president has over 30 years of experience.. in the travel industry.
FlySmart.com is affiliated with Kalpak and Associates Travel, Inc. which is a member of the
following national organizations:
?Vacation.com - North America's Largest Vacation Selling Network
?IATAN - International Airlines Travel Agent Network
These national affiliations and our professional local staff offers a combination of excellent travel values and quality customer care. We still take a personal interest in our customers.
Our specialties include CRUISE VACATIONS, HONEYMOONS, MISSION TRIPS and other GROUP TRAVEL. We're also recognized as Universal Studios and Disney specialists.
In addition to having access to a staff member, our valued customers also have the convenience of researching cruise vacations and vacation specials directly from our website 24 hours a day by visiting www.flysmart.vacation.com. You may also book discounted hotels and purchase travel insurance from our web site at any time.
2012, 2013, 2014
-Member of Vacation.com, America's #1 Travel Agency Consortium -Recognized member of IATAN -Graduate of Disney's College of Knowledge
Rob was able to get our group of 26 a great fare over the Thanksgiving break for a mission trip to Jamaica. Without this fare we would not have been able to make the trip! Thanks to Rob at FlySmart!
Thank you Rob for helping my family of 5 find a quality and kid friendly cruise for Spring Break! Thank you for also helping us find a vacation that easily fit into our budget. We are so excited... about heading to the sun and relaxation in just a few days! I can't wait to use your services again. Professional to deal with, Knowledgeable, quick and easy communicaton, pleasure to work with....and will work with again!VIEW MORE »VIEW LESS »
Displaying 1-15 of 58
Reviews: 1
Posted on: 11/18/2014
Rob was able to get our group of 26 a great fare over the Thanksgiving break for a mission trip to Jamaica. Without this fare we would not have been able to make the trip! Thanks to Rob at FlySmart!
Thank you Rob for helping my family of 5 find a quality and kid friendly cruise for Spring Break! Thank you for also helping us find a vacation that easily fit into our budget. We are so excited about heading to the sun and relaxation in just a few days! I can't wait to use your services again. Professional to deal with, Knowledgeable, quick and easy communicaton, pleasure to work with....and will work with again!
Reviews: 2
Posted on: 6/25/2013
We're so glad Rob at FLYSMART recommended the Zoetry in Cancun, Mexico. It was beautiful, restful and the service was amazing. Rob is always fast, professional and goes the extra mile to make sure our trips are fantastic! It was a great vacation for Patti and I.
Flysmart and their team helped my new wife and I have an outstanding honeymoon in Maui. We highly recommend them. Great customer service and little extras to make our trip special. Big Thanks, Flysmart
I have used email@example.com four times in the past four years. Rob Kalpak is thorough. He stays in touch with his clients and he researches out special opportunities for the client to enhance the travel experience. He handles all the details which really frees a client from anxiety. One gets the feeling that he enjoys the trip almost as if he were actually going along.
Reviews: 1
Posted on: 3/19/2013
Rob at Flysmart.com has been our travel agent for 10+ years. He has always given us a great value and extraordinary service from start to finish of each of our adventures. He's always available when we have questions and is timely when getting the answer.
Reviews: 1
Posted on: 3/7/2013
I would highly recommend FLYSMART! Best value in travel - I'm highly satisfied - answered all my Q's
Rob was always responsive to my many questions and had the resources to get answers on Hawaii. Thx!
Reviews: 1
Posted on: 4/5/2012
Rob Kalpak's attendance to prompt and personal service is superb. He provides a great variety of choices for all aspects of traveling. He has been handling trips for me for a few years, and he provides superior service with additional options only he can acquire. I highly recommend Rob for any size traveling situation.
Reviews: 1
Posted on: 1/20/2012
Planning a trip for nine people is never easy, but scheduling the trip for the week between Christmas and New Year's Eve can be a nightmare. However, Rob made it the easiest trip ever. He handled every detail from the hotel on the night before the cruise to our accomodations on the ship. He even took care of booking our "off-ship" excursions. All we had to do is show up and have a great time. Working with FlySmart is the way I'll travel from now on. Thanks Rob!
Reviews: 2
Posted on: 12/14/2011
Working with Rob and Flysmart.com was the easiest and most enjoyable travel booking experience ever! The turn around for answers/results was 24-48 hours and Rob got us the trip we wanted that was in our budget. My husband and I will always use Flysmart.com from now on. Its a no-brainer.
Reviews: 2
Posted on: 10/17/2010
Thank you for setting up our cruise. It was fantastic! It was a great ship and you made excellent room accommodations. Kalpak and Associates handled every detail, went above and beyond, and exceeded our expectations for a vacation. Your service and follow through were outstanding.
Rob booked the flights & cruise for our extended family. He upgraded our rooms and placed us in "my time" dining (which gave us a lot more flexibility in dinner times). He also provided us with chocolate covered strawberries...which were AWESOME, I might add! And then provided a birthday cake for our family to enjoy. We have never felt so pampered!! Spread the word.....Rob's the BEST!! :)
Once again, Rob did an incredible job coordinating our family vacation! Our family is spread out all over the country and he had us landing within minutes of each other. We could have never planned that on our own. We have used his services for years and will continue to do so in the future.
I gave Rob a call based off of Kudzu reviews, and I was not disappointed. I wanted to coordinate a birthday trip for some friends to celebrate with me in Cancun. Within 2 weeks Rob not only put an unbelievably affordable plan together, but about 20 of us had our info in and our deposit down. He was patient, responsive and very friendly. I'll definitely use him again in the future.


text:
The National Stone, Sand and Gravel Association
2015 Board of Directors Meeting
White Sulphur Springs, WV
Oct 11
AGG1 Online Webinar: Managing The Emergency: You've called 911, now what?
Oct 29
AGG1 Online Webinar: The Endangered Species Act (ESA)
Nov 19
AGG1 Online Webinar: The Antitrust Laws – What You Can, Can't, and Should Do
Dec 10
Highway Materials Group letter in support of action on Surface Transportation Reauthorization
October 7, 2015 Dear Chairman Ryan: On behalf of the Highway Materials Group, which represents the construction materials sector and the equipment manufacturers and distributors who transport these materials, we write to urge action now on surface transportation reauthorization and the enhanced funding to support it. Our organizations represent hundreds of employees and operations…Read more
Posted 10/8/15 at 10:31 AM
Register to vote in KY, LA, MS, NJ & VA
There is still time to register to vote in state elections being held in November 2015 in Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, New Jersey and Virginia. The 2016 primary season kicks off in less than four months with the Iowa Caucus on Feb. 1, 2016, and will be quickly followed by other states, making this the ideal…Read more
Posted 10/7/15 at 11:53 AM
If you missed the opportunity to participate in Employee Voter Registration Week, don't worry! That was only the beginning of NSSGA's "Grow the Vote" drive to register as many members of the aggregates industry to vote as possible. Votes from the aggregates industry in primary elections carry serious weight, according to Pam Whitted, NSSGA senior…Read more
Posted 10/2/15 at 9:00 AM
Army Corps Leader Defends WOTUS Despite Criticism
The head of the Army Corps of Engineers defended the Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA's) controversial Waters of the U.S. (WOTUS) rule before Congress on Sept. 30. United States Assistant Secretary of the Army Jo-Ellen Darcy told the Senate Committee on Environment and Public Works Subcommittee on Fisheries, Wildlife and Water during a hearing that she…Read more
Posted 10/1/15 at 5:55 PM
Now Accepting Scholarship Applications
The National Stone, Sand and Gravel Association is now accepting applications for the 2015 Jennifer Curtis Byler Scholarship. This $5,000 scholarship was created to memorialize the life and accomplishments of the daughter of Jack Curtis at L.C. Curtis and Son, a Georgia sand and gravel producer. Jennifer was a mother of four and active in…Read more
Posted 9/28/15 at 5:02 PM
As the weather cools and seasons change, quarry operators and personnel may face unique safety hazards as operations prepare for the winter season and perform shutdown or repair activities. The U.S. Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) recently issued a safety alert highlighting ways operators and personnel can avoid hazards this time of year. Some…Read more
Posted 9/24/15 at 3:04 PM
What is NSSGA?
The National Stone, Sand and Gravel Association is the leading voice and advocate for the aggregates industry. We advance public policies that protect and expand the safe, environmentally responsible use of aggregates that build America's infrastructure and economy.


text:
A WordPress plugin which slides a webpage over to reveal an additional interaction pane
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SimpleModal Contact Form (SMCF) is an Ajax powered modal contact form. It utilizes the jQuery JavaScript library and the SimpleModal jQuery plugin.
OrangeBox is a Lightweight, Cross-Browser, Automated jQuery Lightbox Script. It can display images, YouTube and Vimeo videos, Flash SWF files, PDFs, i
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text: We stayed in the hotel two nights to meet part of our family in Dalles airport and then to move to Florida. We needed one room for four adults and a kid and not all the hotels could offer us such an opportunity. Very quiet place, well-kept with a good breakfast. Parking is free, What I would suggest to improve is shuttle bud driver discipline. We went downstairs 10 minutes before it scheduled departure and were waiting 20 minutes before I cdame to reception asking where the bus was. they told me that according to the schedule it left 10 minutes ago and I told them we were waiting all thet time but no bus was there. The guy called the driver and told us it will be there in 10 minutes but it arrived exactly at the time for the next bus, So in total we were waiting for 40 minutes! After we met our family in Dalles airport we called the hotel saying we are waiting for the bus and were promiced it would arrive in (again!) 10 minutes. We were waiting good 20 minutes and saw the bus at last but it did not intend to stop! We had to wave and practically go to the driveway to make it stop. the lady driver was not very welcoming as if she had to take us to the hotel agains her own will. It was really cold for summer on this day as Andrea storm was coming and we had a mother a a kid among us after 10 hours flight who were very tired and cold.


text:
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text:
PRESCOTT — After surrendering a three-run lead in the top of the seventh inning, the Waitsburg-Prescott baseball team went to extra innings with revenge on its mind on Saturday.
W-P, who lost to Tri-Cities Prep after allowing three runs in the bottom of the seventh last week, warded off Dayton this time around, 8-7, in the bottom of the ninth. The win helped Waitsburg-Prescott (6-6 overall, 3-2 in Southeast 2B) score a sweep, after W-P beat the Bulldogs, 4-1, in the opener.
"We had that bitter taste last week from Tri-Cities Prep," W-P coach Dustin Snedigar said. "It was good for us, considering we had given up three runs to let them back in it. We weathered the storm and hung in there."
With Devin Acevedo standing on second with two outs in the bottom of the ninth, Nick Pearson stood at the plate with a chance to break the 7-7 tie. As Acevdeo took off toward third, Pearson knocked a single between the shortstop and third baseman, as Acevedo scored easily from second.
W-P finished with 10 hits in the game, as four different players finished with multiple hits.
"We've got some guys throughout the lineup that are spreading the ball around," Snedigar said. "We hit a lot of line drives and we stayed patient. (Dayton pitcher Guy) Spalinger really had us off balance for most of the game. Our kids kept fighting hard. These doubleheaders can really be a long day. They really wanted it."
In the first game, Waitsburg-Prescott scored four runs in the sixth to collect a 4-1 win.
Dayton pitcher Lowden Smith held W-P in check for the first five innings, but freshman Jacob Dunn's three-run triple in the sixth swung the game. After Waitsburg-Prescott led off the bottom of the sixth with back-to-back singles and a walk, Dunn broke the game open.
"It happened that quick," Snedigar said. "(Smith) doesn't need very many runs to dominate. You give him a few runs and he's going to get better as the game goes on. It was just one of those games when it was going to come down to a couple hits."
W-P's starting pitcher in game one, Larsen, allowed only four hits over his seven innings of work. He finished with just 86 pitches and struck out four.
"He was around the plate all day with his fastball and his curveball," Snedigar said. "He doesn't throw a lot of balls. He limited their hitters. Give him credit for battling on the mound. That's what he does."
W-P plays Boardman on Tuesday. Dayton travels to face Riverview on Tuesday.
First Game
Dayton 000 100 0 — 1 4 0
Smith and Hays. Larsen and Dunn.
HR — none.
Hits — Dayton: Kleck, Loper, Waggoner, Brew. W-P: Larsen, Dozier, Gradwohl (2), Leroue, Dunn (2), Grant.
Second Game
Dayton 100 020 310 — 7 7 1
Spalinger, Warner (6) and Hays. Dunn, Gradwohl (8) and Leroue, Dunn (8).
HR — none.
Hits — Dayton: Warner (3), Spalinger, Smith (2), Loper. W-P: Larsen (2), Dozier, Gradwohl (2), Acevedo, Dunn, Grant (2), Pearson (2).
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Kinder Morgan Inc. (NYSE:KMI) derives much of its value from distribution growth at Morgan Energy Partners (NYSE:KMP) and El Paso Pipeline Partners (NYSE:EPB). On the back of KMP's performance over the years, KMI has managed to increase its cash flow from $153 million to $1,381 million between the years 2000 and 2011. With the acquisition of El Paso, Kinder Morgan is now one of the leading players in the industry, and we believe the diversity and scale of operations make KMI a solid income growth play. The current yield of 4.30%, stable cash flows and an achievable 12.5% distribution growth rate make KMI an attractive buy.
With a combined enterprise value of roughly $100 billion for KMI, KMP, Kinder Morgan Management (NYSE:KMR) and EPB, Kinder Morgan is the third largest energy company in North America. KMI's assets include the GP, LP and unit ownership in Kinder Morgan Energy Partners and El Paso Pipeline Partners. In the chart below, we present in graphical form the sources of cash needed to pay KMI's dividends.
Chart 1:
KMP remains the most important source of cash for KMI with a contribution of 70%, as shown in the chart above. With KMI's 2% GP stake in KMP and equal incentive distribution rights (IDR) split, 50% of every distribution increase at KMP flows back to KMI. Since KMI has been in the high split since 1997, almost 46% of all KMP's distributions go to their 2% GP, and the remaining is left for the primary limited partners. Also, KMI will benefit from KMP increasing its equity in order to fund growth because KMI receives 50% of the additional limited partner distributions. Hence, growth in distributions and new equity issuance both lead to more cash for KMI.
Chart 2:
With 53% of EBITDA expected to come from the Natural Gas Pipeline segment, a large chunk of revenue inflow will come from a stable fee-based albeit low growth business. Other segments in addition to CO2/E&P are also based on a stable fee-based model.
El Paso:
KMI agreed to buy El Paso for $39.8 billion and the deal was closed in May 2012. With the help of the deal, KMI intends to increase its long-term dividend growth to 12.5%, increase KMP's long-term expected distribution growth rate from 5% to 7% and make its EPB distribution grow at 9% a year.
Third Quarter:
On the back of the El Paso acquisition, earnings of $0.19 for this quarter went past $0.18 earned in the same quarter of last year. Revenue increased by 35.2% and ended up at $2,870 million. Kinder also increased its quarterly dividend to 36 cents per unit, representing an increment of 20% year over year. The current dividend target for the full year (2012) stands at $1.40, up from $1.35 for the preceding year.
The El Paso acquisition has also made the company more bold in its projections of cash available for payouts which are expected to be $1,325 million in 2012; a figure ahead of its published annual budget.
- KMI has a high debt to equity ratio of 280% with an interest coverage ratio of 2.3x. KMI is also experiencing a high level of interest rate exposure with its 50% floating rate debt policy.
- With ~46% of cash flow going to KMI, KMP has one of the highest IDR burdens in the industry. This translates into a high cost of equity and a slower growth for KMP. A struggling KMP will result in slow growth for KMI.
National Fuel Gas Co. (NYSE:NFG)
ONEOK Inc (NYSE:OKE)
Spectra Energy (NYSE:SE)
Targa Resources (NYSE:TRGP)
Williams Companies (NYSE:WMB)
Forward P/E
The mean price target of analysts is $40. None of the analysts has a sell rating on the stock. In light of a strong yield with high expected dividend growth rate and an upside potential of 18.5% (based on sell side estimates), we have a buy rating for KMI.
Disclosure: I have no positions in any stocks mentioned, and no plans to initiate any positions within the next 72 hours.
Business relationship disclosure: The article has been written by Qineqt's Energy Analyst. Qineqt is not receiving compensation for it (other than from Seeking Alpha). Qineqt has no business relationship with any company whose stock is mentioned in this article.