text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Sep 20, 2005
|Filing date
|Jul 18, 2003
|Priority date
|Jul 18, 2003
|Fee status
|Publication number
|Philip Pan, Chiakang Sung, Joseph Huang, Yan Chong, Bonnie I. Wang
|Original Assignee
|Altera Corporation
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (17), Non-Patent Citations (10), Referenced by (15), Classifications (11), Legal Events (2)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This application is related to commonly-assigned, U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/037,861, filed Jan. 12, 2002 entitled "Self-Compensating Delay Chain for Multiple Data-Rate Interfaces," by Chong et al., which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.
The present invention relates in general to input/output (I/O) interface in integrated circuits, and in particular to method and circuitry for distributing clock signals in a programmable logic device (PLD) that employs a multiple data rate interface.
To address the data bandwidth bottleneck in the interface between integrated circuits, high speed interface mechanisms have been developed which have helped increase the speed of data transfer and data throughput. In a multiple data rate interface scheme, two or more bits of data are transferred during each clock period. One example of multiple data rate is the so called double data rate, or DDR, technology, which performs two data operations in one clock cycle and achieves twice the throughput of data. This technology has enhanced the bandwidth performance of integrated circuits used in a wide array of applications from computers to communication systems. The DDR technique is being employed in, for example, today's synchronous dynamic random access memory (SDRAM) circuits.
The basic DDR implementation processes U/O data (also referred to as DQ signals) using both the rising edge and the failing edge of a clock signal DQS that functions as a data strobe to control the timing of data transfer.
The programmable logic technology has also seen an increased demand for this type of multiple data rate interface. Some of the above constraints, however, are exacerbated when implementing a DDR interface in a PLD. In a typical PLD configuration, the DQS signal is first applied to a phase locked loop (PLL) to generate the required phase shift and alignment. The DQ signals are applied directly to respective I/O registers whose clock inputs receive the phase-corrected DQS signal. There are inherent delays in the routing of the DQS signal from the DQS pin to the PLL and then to the I/O registers, where the I/O registers can be very large in numbers located at varying distances. These delays contribute to the undesirable skew between DQS and DQ. Also, the same PLD may be configured to operate at any frequency in the DDR frequency range and thus must accommodate the various clock speeds. Yet another concern is the ever aggressive increase in density and number of I/Os that is typical of the PLD technology as it moves from one generation to the next. To speed up the time-to-market cycles for future PLDs, it is desirable to devise an interface architecture that facilitates pin migration from one product family to the next.
The present invention provides method and circuitry for implementing high speed multiple-data-rate interface architectures for programmable logic devices. In one embodiment, the invention employs a delay chain with precise phase shift control to achieve the desired phase shift in the data strobe DQS signal. I/O pins and their corresponding registers are divided into groups, with each group having at least one pin dedicated to the DQS signal and others to data (DQ) signals. An incoming DQS signal goes through the desired phase shift (e.g., 90 degrees) controlled by the phase shift control circuit, and drives a local clock interconnect line that connects to the I/O registers within the group. To facilitate efficient pin migration, in one embodiment, the invention partitions banks of I/O cells into smaller sections or groups. Each I/O section forms an independent multiple-data-rate I/O interface unit or module with dedicated DQS resources (pin, phase delay and clock line). Each module is designed such that as the number of I/O cells increases from one generation device to the next, the module can easily be scaled in size to facilitate the implementation of larger PLDs.
Accordingly, in one embodiment, the present invention provides a programmable logic device (PLD) including input/output (I/O) interface having a first plurality of I/O registers, the first plurality of I/O registers being partitioned into a second plurality of I/O sections each I/O section having N data I/O registers and a strobe circuit configured to drive a local clock line coupled to clock inputs of the N data I/O registers, the N data I/O registers and the strobe circuit in each I/O section being coupled to a corresponding number of device pins; and programmable logic circuitry coupled to the I/O interface. The strobe circuit in each I/O section is configured to programmably shift a phase of an input strobe signal. The PLD further includes a master phase control circuit coupled to receive a system clock signal and configured to generate a phase control signal that controls the amount of phase delay in the strobe circuits in the second plurality of I/O sections.
In another embodiment, the present invention provides a computing system including a multiple-data rate memory circuit coupled to a programmable logic device (PLD) via an interconnect bus, wherein the PLD is of the type described above.
In yet another embodiment, the present invention provides a method of operating a PLD including receiving N groups of data bits each group having M data signals and a corresponding data strobe signal; partitioning I/O register blocks inside the PLD into a corresponding N I/O modules, each module having M I/O register blocks and a strobe circuit coupled to receive a respective group of M data signals and data strobe signal; driving clock inputs of the M I/O register blocks in each of the N I/O modules using an independent clock network that is local to each of the N I/O modules.
The following detailed description and the accompanying drawings provide a better understanding of the nature and advantages of the programmable logic device according to the present invention.
To minimize skew, accommodate a wide frequency range of operation, and facilitate rapid pin migration to larger PLDs, the present invention provides a modular multiple-data-rate I/O architecture that can be readily replicated and scaled. For illustrative purposes, the invention is described in the context of a double-data rate (DDR) system. It is to be understood, however, that the principles of this invention can be applied to systems operating at quad-data rate or higher. Referring to
Phase shift circuit 204 is a programmably controlled delay chain that adjusts its delay in response to phase control signal PC. Phase control signal PC is a multi-bit (e.g., 6 bit) binary signal that is supplied by a master phase control circuit 208. Master phase control circuit 208 operates in response to a system clock arriving at any one of multiple clock pins 210, and is shared by a number of modules 200. In one embodiment, master phase control circuit 208 is a delay-locked loop (DLL) that takes into account the PLD operating frequency, PVT variations as well as contributions by other potential sources of delay to generate control signal PC to achieve the desired 90 degree phase shift locally in the various DDR I/O modules 200. Various embodiments for master control circuit 208 and phase shift circuit 204 are described in greater detail in the above-referenced commonly-assigned, co-pending patent application Ser. No. 10/037,861, filed Jan. 12, 2002 entitled "Self-Compensating Delay Chain for Multiple Data-Rate Interfaces," by Chong et al. One example for an implementation of the control circuit 208 is shown in FIG. 7. Referring to
A system clock signal on line 705 is received by frequency divider 706. Frequency divider 706 divides the system clock signal's frequency, thereby generating the CLKIN signal on line 707. In a specific embodiment, frequency divider 706 divides the system clock frequency by 8. Alternately, other frequency divisions are possible, such a divide by 4, 16, or other value. The lower frequency CLKIN signal on line 707 is delayed by variable-delay buffers 710, 720, 730, and 740. A delayed clock signal on line 745 is provided to phase detector 750. Delay match element 770 is designed to match the delay in the frequency divider 706, and provide an output signal on line 775 to the phase detector 750. The phase detector 750 determines the phase relationship between the system clock and the delayed clock, for example, whether a rising edge of the system clock precedes a rising edge of the delayed clock. Alternately, the phase detector may determine whether a falling edge of the system clock precedes a falling edge of the delayed clock.
In a specific embodiment, phase detector 750 does this by determining the level of the delayed clock signal on line 745 at the rising edges of the clock signal on line 775. This level detection results in output signal Q1 on line 777, which is input to flip-flop 751. Flip-flop 751 is clocked by the system clock on line 705 and provides the up/down signal 755 to the up/down counter 760. A second frequency divider 780 divides the system clock's frequency, thus generating signal NCONTCLK on line 785. Again, in a specific embodiment of the present invention, frequency divider 780 divides the system clock frequency by eight. In other embodiments, this divisor may be different, such as 4, 16, or other appropriate value. The NCONTCLK signal on line 785 is inverted by inverter 790, resulting in a CONTCLK signal on line 795. The CONTCLK signal on line 795 clocks the up/down signal on line 755 into the up/down counter, resulting in the output signal Ct[5:0] on bus 765.
Again, when the output of up/down counter 760 changes, the delays through the variable-delay buffers 710 through 740 change. But this change in delay is not instantaneous, and takes a finite duration to reach a final value. In a specific embodiment, frequency dividers 706 and 780 are separate frequency dividers such that their output edges may be timed to give the variable-delay buffers 710 through 740 a maximum duration in which to settle. In other embodiments, frequency dividers 706 and 780 may be the same frequency divider.
Again, the delay match element 770 is designed to match the delay between a system clock rising edge and a CLKIN rising edge on lines 705 and 707. Matching these delays enables the phase detector 750 to adjust the delay of the variable-delay buffers 710 through 740 with a minimum amount of systematic delay errors.
The variable-delay buffers 710 through 740 match or are similar to the variable-delay buffer 120 in FIG. 1. The cumulative delay provided by variable-delay buffers 710-740 is one clock cycle or 360 degrees. In a double-data-rate interface the delay of the variable-delay buffer 120 in
In other embodiments, the system clock and DQS signal may be harmonics or have frequencies that are multiple of each other. For example, the DQS signal may be the second harmonic, or have twice the frequency of the system clock. In that case, a delay of one system clock cycle in the divided system clock signal CLKIN corresponds to a two cycle delay in the DQS signal. Accordingly, eight elements may be used in the system clock delay path, while one matching element is used in the DQS path.
One skilled in the relevant art appreciates that this block diagram may be drawn differently without deviating from the scope of the present invention. For example, the phase detector 750 and flip-flop 751 may be considered as a single phase detector block. Also, the flip-flop 751 may be considered as a block inside the up/down counter 760. Further, the variable-delay buffers 710 through 740 may be in front of the frequency divider 706, or some of the variable-delay buffers 710 through 740 may be in front of the frequency divider 706, while the remainder follow it.
Referring back to
Another advantage of the multiple-data-rate interface architecture for a PLD according to the present invention is that it allows the I/O structure to be easily scaled to a higher pin count for larger PLDs.
The flexibility afforded by the I/O architecture of the present invention speeds up the time-to-market cycle for new and larger PLDs. When designing a next generation PLD, because of the uncertainty regarding the eventual die size as well as the package hardware restrictions, the designer is unable to decide on the location of DQ and DQS pins until the end of the design cycle. This adds further delays to the design cycle. The present invention essentially eliminates this delay by providing a modular I/O architecture that can be easily scaled such that the boundaries of each I/O section can still be defined at an early design stage. According to one embodiment of the invention, the DDR I/O section may have a number of I/O registers that is larger than the minimum (e.g., 8) required for a particular multiple-data-rate (e.g., DDR) system. With pre-defined boundaries, however, the sections can be placed while final DQS locations can be decided at a later time from one of multiple possible pins in the DDR I/O section followed by the DQ and local clock net.
The exemplary I/O banks depicted in
In conclusion, the present invention provides method and circuitry for implementing high speed multiple-data-rate interface architectures for programmable logic devices. The invention partitions I/O pins and their corresponding registers into independent multiple-data rate I/O modules each having at least one pin dedicated to the DQS signal and others to DQ data signals. The modular architecture facilitates pin migration from one generation of PLDs to the next larger generation. While the above provides detailed description of specific embodiments, it is to be understood that various alternatives, equivalents and modifications are possible. Therefore, the scope of the invention should not be limited to the embodiments described, and should instead be determined by the following claims and their full breadth of equivalents.
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|Altera Corporation
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|Programming and verification address generation for random access memory blocks in programmable logic array integrated circuit devices
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|Altera Corporation
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|Oct 24, 2006
|Altera Corporation
|Memory interface phase-shift circuitry to support multiple frequency ranges
|Feb 15, 2005
|Jan 23, 2007
|Altera Corporation
|Multiple data rate interface architecture
|Mar 12, 2004
|Jun 12, 2007
|Altera Corporation
|Control circuit for self-compensating delay chain for multiple-data-rate interfaces
|Mar 12, 2004
|Jun 19, 2007
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|Precise phase shifting using a DLL controlled, multi-stage delay chain
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|Via Technologies, Inc.
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|U.S. Classification
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|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Feb 24, 2009
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|Feb 25, 2013
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 8


text:
Here's a Timeline of The Game's Beef With Young Thug
The Game and Young Thug are in an ongoing beef. Here's the complete timeline of what went down so far.
The Game and Young Thug are in an ongoing beef. Here's the complete timeline of what went down so far.
Chance The Rapper doesn't mince words when asked about signing with a major label.
Drake and the Toronto Raptors have unveiled official images of the basketball team's 2015-16 alternate jerseys.
Rapsody joins Talib Kweli on the single from he and 9th Wonder's 'Indie 500.'
EPMD have always been about the business. Here are 10 essential tips for navigating the workplace taken from their lyrics.
The Toronto-born rapper might be engaged to his rumored girlfriend, the tennis legend Serena Williams.
Jadakiss drops a pair of singles, including one that reunites the Lox.
Kid Ink may have another one on his hands. With Chris Brown, French Montana and Verse Simmonds in tow, Ink drops the remit to "Diamonds & Gold." W...
Sad news for sneakerheads today. Supreme has canceled the in-store release of the Air Jordan 5 collection.
Beyonce, Jay Z, Kanye West, Pharrell and Rihanna are taking the French clothing company ElevenParis to court over copyright infringement.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
200-year-old ban lifted, Paris women can finally wear trousers now
Top Stories
- Uphaar fire: Ansal brothers walk free, SC rules Rs 60-cr fine adequate
- Bihar battle: Nitish shares dais with Kejriwal, calls Modi desperate
- Suspended IPS officer Sanjiv Bhatt sacked, says decision came after 'sham inquiry'
- Students tortured me using interrogation techniques: FTII director
- ACB chief Meena 'not acting in accordance with law': Delhi govt to HC
Women in Paris can finally wear trousers without fear of criminal prosecution after the government said a more than 200-year-old ban no longer had any legal effect.
Najat Vallaud-Belkacem, France's minister of women's rights, said in a statement that the ban, imposed on November 17, 1800, was incompatible with modern French values and laws.
The municipal order required Parisian women to seek permission from local police if they wanted to "dress like a man" by wearing trousers.
It was modified in 1892 and 1909 to allow women to wear trousers if they were "holding a bicycle handlebar or the reins of a horse" but had officially remained on the books.
Answering a question in the Official Journal of the French Senate, Vallaud-Belkacem said while it had not been formally struck down, the order was in effect abrogated.
"This order was aimed first of all at limiting the access of women to certain offices or occupations by preventing them from dressing in the manner of men," she said.
"This order is incompatible with the principles of equality between women and men.... From that incompatibility stems the implicit abrogation of the order," she said.
Parisian women had demanded the right to wear trousers during the French Revolution, when working-class revolutionaries were known as "sans-culottes" for wearing trousers instead of the silk-knee breeches (culottes) favoured by the bourgeoisie.
Women's dress continues to stir political passions in France, with Cecile Duflot, the 37-year-old Green housing minister, criticised last May for wearing jeans to the first cabinet meeting of Socialist President Francois Hollande's new government.
She was later subjected to jeers and wolf-whistles while wearing a floral summer dress in the National Assembly.
A number of women also broke parliamentary protocol by wearing jeans during an extended debate at the weekend over France's planned legalisation of gay marriage.


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Redington Shores expands TV system
By WAYNE AYERS
Article published on
Wednesday, Feb. 20, 2013
REDINGTON SHORES The town of Regington Shores cable TV channel, off the air for the past four months due to a system breakdown, will return in March with expanded capabilities.
The commission ordered a replacement video system that can stream town meetings and other content over the Internet in addition to the television broadcast.
Commission members voted unanimously to accept a bid of $4,700 for the new equipment. It will be up and running for the next months regular commission meeting, Commissioner Casey Wojcik said.
The new system is a StreamBreeze Mini, ordered from Hi-Tech Trading Co. of Clearwater. According to Wojcik, the system offers enough growing room but lacks some advanced features such as 3-D, which he said the town likely would not use.
The StreamBreeze Mini system ordered will be used right away to stream commission meetings and announcements over the Internet in addition to the existing cable TV broadcasts.
CDs available from Pinellas County on topics of interest to citizens will be added to the schedule within 2 to 3 years, Wojcik said.
The system also has a feature that allows citizens to interact online during the meeting broadcasts. That phase will likely be added in 4 to 5 years, he said.
Not available with the system ordered is emerging social technologies that connect to Facebook and Twitter. Even without the latest advancements, the new TV system will have capabilities waiting for us to grow with, Wojcik said.
A warranty covers the system for one year for parts and 90 days for labor.
A free Internet service that allows 10 to 15 people to watch at one time will be used at first.
Should the audience grow beyond that capability, a pay service that can accommodate around 100 people would be needed, Wojcik said.
Identical bids
Three bids of $4,500 were received for repairs needed to the Town Hall roof. Commissioner Tom Kapper, a builder, said that was a first for him.
I have never seen three identical bids come in for a project in my entire career, he said.
No explanation was given for the occurrence. The commissioners chose AAA+Mr. Roofer of Pinellas for the job on the recommendation of town Building Official Steve Andrews.
Illegal grass disposal
Residents are being warned not to blow grass clippings into the gutters. Vice Mayor John Branch said the illegal act costs the town thousands of dollars in sewer cleaning expense every time it occurs. Bagging of clippings is required, Branch stressed. Those who do not comply will face costly fines.
Youre going to get a ticket sooner or later, Branch said.
Branch said he had also received complaints of cats prowling in neighbors yards doing their business and destroying birds.
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Madeira Beach targets illegal rentals
St. Pete Beach considers lawsuit against former law firm
Redington Beach approves millage rate, 2015-16 budget
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Tierra Verde Community Association treasurer resigns
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Santa Cruz is set to complete his move to the Spanish side later on Friday, once he has completed a medical.
He told a Paraguay radio station: "I had in mind to return to Betis, that was always my idea because Betis has always treated me very well.
"But in the last weeks there was interest from Malaga. I would have the chance to play the Champions League there and that was the reason I accepted to be transferred to that team.
"I am sure that my family is going to feel very well at Malaga.
"This is the last year of my contract at Manchester, and in December I would be able to negotiate with other teams.
"But now there is a deal between both clubs, so I have travelled to Malaga for the medical tests, and then I will sign my contract."
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Who of Europe's top strikers will move to England this summer?
After a dreadful start to their Bundesliga campaign, Borussia Dortmund appear to have weathered the storm after going five matches without defeat.


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February 19, 2014
what is the real name of video
All Comments (6)
what is the real name of video
Here comes your savior! It's called Cool Devices. There are 11 chapters, and dont know which one is it, so have fun searching
Name of the red Head cutie please
This has become my favorite video on here, i just wish i could figure out the name of the movie ..
Nt bad
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i saw her standing there
Aug. 12, 2014
Rating: 1
Best game ever 11/10
Dat music doh
Apr. 04, 2013
and you should make a sequel called i saw him standing there
Rating: 0
I need to learn how to play this song on guitar.it should be on itunes....
FPS Trainer
Apr. 03, 2013
Rating: -3
Splitter Pals
Apr. 01, 2013
*lvl 8
how do i get all the stars on lvl 7????
Mar. 22, 2013
Rating: 2
This is my fav game on kongregate...NO....Its my fav game in the WORLD :D
Burrito Bison Revenge
Rating: 3
o_o BEST GAME EVER!!!!!
Mar. 20, 2013
awwwwwwwwwww such a sweet ending
Rating: -1
god I love this music
Kingdom Rush
Rating: -2
The 4th place is SO hard plz help me get past it
Don't Shit Your Pants
I win!Just look at kegso's comment :D Thanks man
The Company of Myself
OMG Love this game its so fun and lovly......Its so touching!
You Have To Burn The Rope
Jan. 21, 2013
Rating: 7
Dec. 19, 2012
I love this song
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text: Natalie Morales Chair Prank by Hilton Hater at April 2, 2013 8:29 am. Comments Watch Today Show reporter Natalie Morales get pranked in this video... by a magician pretending to be a chair! Share Tweet Email Edit Delete Follow The Today Show? Facebook Disqus Tag: The Today Show Related Videos: The Today Show Videos Related Post: Natalie Morales Chair Prank: Caught on Camera! Uploaded by: Hilton Hater Uploaded: April 02, 2013


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Fairfield Inn Binghamton
No prices found through our partners. Please contact the business directly or check some of our recommended alternatives.
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That Moment
... but being the person that I am I missed the **** out of all my friends (Not Karen) and I went on that tiring Friday and it was AMAZING. After the hugs and **** I went on with my life it was a great end to a great adventure! I really want to go back to New Zealand but till then I will see you in the next adventure! -Calvin
P.s the reason my mom isn't writing is because she isn't with me at the moment sorry!
Breezy Binghamton
... were unable to find this establishment, so decided to start our walk back to the motel, given that it was getting dark and we weren't sure what kind of area we were in. Given our hunger, we stumbled upon, and settled for, the local burger place called the Ground & Round. As with most places in America, our meal started with a freebie, which on this occasion was free popcorn. We then ordered our meals (pasta and fajitos) which ...
Extra events at camp
... down to Konstancja and Hania to lead the kitchen in cooking for 180 people, I was in charge of food delivary (loading the back of the truck and driving at 1/2 mph whilst praying nothing spills); organising cabins, cleaning and generally making sure guests had everything they wanted. It was a LOT of work (13hours straight on the wedding day) but it all went really well and we even got some snazzy name tags.
After all the events were done it was ...
Life at Camp Ballibay
... osobą na campie wśr�d wychowawc�w i uczestnik�w. Opr�cz opieki nad owym małym człowieczkiem, byłam r�wnież og�lnym wychowawcą w G7 (grupa dziewcząt w wieku 13-14).
Po tym jak Julian i dziewczyny z G7 opuściły camp, moja rola i kabina zmieniły się. Teraz pomagam w kuchni i mieszkam w G4 (tak samo jak trzy lata temu).Moje nowe zajęcie nie zaczęło się jednak dla mnie dobrze: ...
Welcome to Ballibay
... after the 44 hour journey, we were welcomed with nice food, as it was lunch time, and a question 'Are you ok to start working straight after you eat?' Our brains said 'NO WAY!', our mouths said 'Yes, of course', so we did.
Żegnaj Anglio, witaj przygodo!
Środa, 23 lipca - dzień, na kt�ry czekaliśmy tak długo, wreszcie nadszedł. Po zapakowaniu, a raczej wciśnięciu rzeczy z naszego ...


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The Duke and Duchess
Venue Details & Map
The Duke and Duchess
- Address
2-3 Creed LaneThe CityLondonEC4V 5BR
- Public transport:
- City Thameslink, National Railway
Jules chose this place for our last book group. I wasn't overly impressed by the website, but I'll give anything a go. We arrived at around 6:30 on a Tuesday. The place wasn't very full. I guess people don't go out to dinner in the city after work? We chose a table for four and were immediately greeted by a server wondering how many we had and if we were eating. Four and yes. So she came back...more
Warning: not a gastro pub.
£2.50 for soda water.
No local beers: only very big corporation owned drinks.
We were over charged when paying our bill- we went to split a 30.52 in half and the waiter put 16 on both our cards. Bill already included 12.5% service. We talked to the waiter 3 times. Even when I called him up on the over charge he still did it.
Food was ok. I had a halloumi, veg...more
I was not very attracted by the menu at first, but the food was fantastic and the staff very friendly.
We had a burger and a salad, and both were very tasty and original and feel so fresh.
I totally recommend this place !more
This is my favorite pub in the St. Paul's area. The food is way above 'pub food' they have a great chef and staff. The prices are fair and it's not a total scene, it just has a good vibe and when they have a DJ the music is good too!
They also do 2-4-1 cocktails from 5-7 on week days.more
Quick glance:
+ great for large parties
+ good food
+ good lunch venue
+ traditional pub grub with modern presentation
The Duke & Duchess is a stone throw away from St Paul's Cathedral and makes a great lunch spot for tourists. But perhaps its location on a side street means it's not swamped by people reading maps, which is great news for local city workers for lunch looking for either light...more


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The Tartan Titans baseball team won Thursday's neutral non-conference game against Woodbury by a score of 6-4.
(May 3, 2012: Oakdale, MN 55128) In Thursday's non-league game, the host Tartan Titans baseball team scored a tight 6-4 victory over the Woodbury Royals.
The Titans (3-6) will now prepare for their game against Mahtomedi (Mahtomedi, MN). The Zephyrs go into the Classic Suburban game with a 10-2 record.
The Royals (7-7) will now prepare for their game against Roseville (Roseville, MN). The Raiders go into the Suburban East game with a 8-5 record. In their last game, Roseville by Park (Cottage Grove, MN), 3-0, in a league game.


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Published annually, Pension Markets in Focus reports on the role and functioning of private pension arrangements in OECD and non-OECD countries. It identifies trends in private pension financial indicators such as asset growth, investment strategies, rate of returns, and solvency, as well as providing a cross-country evaluation of the extent of the coverage of private pension systems.
English, PDF, 551kb
In this issue of "Pension Funds in Figures", preliminary data and early estimates for 2014 show that pension funds' assets exceeded USD 25 trillion in OECD countries. The largest increases are found in Estonia, Korea, Luxembourg and Turkey, where pension funds' assets rose by more than 20% compared to...
These high-level principles are intended to help governments facilitate and promote long-term investment by institutional investors, particularly among institutions such as pension funds, insurers and sovereign wealth funds, that typically have long duration liabilities and consequently can consider investments over a long period.
Financial Market Trends focuses on financial markets and structural issues in the financial sector. This includes financial market regulation, bond markets and public debt management, insurance and private pensions, as well as financial statistics.
Tokyo, Japan - Discussions at this event focused on investing for the long-term, infrastructure as an asset class, the role of capital markets in long-term investment and next steps for long-term investment financing in Asia.
What are the channels for investment in sustainable energy infrastructure by institutional investors (e.g. pension funds, insurance companies and sovereign wealth funds) and what factors influence investment decisions? What key policy levers and risk mitigants can governments use to facilitate these types of investments? What emerging channels (such as green bonds, YieldCos and direct project investment) hold significant promise for scaling up institutional investment?
This report develops a framework that classifies investments according to different types of financing instruments and investment funds, and highlights the risk mitigants and transaction enablers that intermediaries (such as public green investment banks and other public financial institutions) can use to mobilise institutionally held capital. This framework can also be used to identify where investments are or are not flowing, and focus attention on how governments can support the development of potentially promising investment channels and consider policy interventions that can make institutional investment in sustainable energy infrastructure more likely.
The OECD collects and analyses data on various insurance statistics such as the number of insurance companies and employees, insurance premiums and investments by insurance companies.
The survey monitors and compares the investment behaviour, asset levels, and performances of the largest institutional investors in each region or country covered and analyses in greater depth the general trends observed at a national level.
This report analyses insurance market statistics collected by the OECD to monitor the insurance industry's overall performance and health. It covers all OECD countries plus selected Asian, African and Latin American countries.
The 2014 edition of the OECD Pensions Outlook explores the crucial and far-reaching challenges that pension systems are currently facing. This report will be released at a launch event in London on 8 December 2014.


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Bloomberg Strikes Presidential Tone, Again
Delivering a campaign style speech at the Brooklyn Navy Yard Wednesday, New York Mayor Michael Bloomberg harshly criticized the federal government for being distracted by partisan politics and failing on its most pressing task -- creating jobs.
"When did success become a bad word in America? When did cooperation in government become treason? The new 'politics as usual' is making a mockery of our democracy and a mess of our country," he said.
In a room with a view of the Manhattan skyline, the 68-year-old mayor spoke to an audience of real estate and business leaders, as well as the cameras of national news organizations, urging Republicans and Democrats to unite behind centrist ideas to help get more Americans working again.
"We need change," he said. "And whether the recent elections will be a cure for America's economic problems, or just another symptom of our dysfunctional politics, remains to be seen."
The Democrat-turned-Republican-turned-Independent laid out a framework for a middle ground. "Fortunately, there are solutions that can get us out of this mess, that can be embraced by those across the political spectrum," Bloomberg said.
The mayor's speech lasted 30 minutes, and he spent the second half outlining a national economic strategy that included cutting business taxes to prevent companies from moving overseas, opening U.S. borders to more trade and immigrants, and instilling confidence in businesses and families about U.S. economy.
The speech struck a presidential tone, even though the mayor's spokesman Stu Loeser insists Bloomberg is not running for president, but rather trying to influence Washington.
Still, many believe Bloomberg is at least weighing the option. "When his term as mayor is up, he can't succeed himself. He's a man of considerable wealth. And I think he's developing a message that would probably play very well nationally," said Ross Baker, a political science professor at Rutgers University.
But the track record of third party candidates on the presidential level isn't good, Baker said. They're often spoilers. Take Ross Perot in 1992. And Baker said Bloomberg's substantial credentials may not be enough. "He is, I think, in some ways a very good messenger. I doubt very seriously whether he's necessarily someone that people would turn to be their favorite candidate."
Baker believes Bloomberg is very "east coast" and wouldn't necessarily appeal to people who live in rural areas of the country. And Baker said, "He's not particularly an eloquent man."
Robert Shrum, a former Democratic strategist who advised Al Gore's presidential campaign in 2000 and John Kerry's presidential campaign in 2004, belives Bloomberg's ineloquence isn't an insurmountable barrier.
"What Bloomberg offers is the inspiration of competence, not charisma," Shrum said. "And if the country found itself in a situation in 2012 where people thought the economy wasn't improving and if the Republicans didn't offer a sensible alternative, then Bloomberg might be a very attractive candidate."
Shrum believes there's a good chance Republicans won't offer a good alternative, but he expects the economy to improve next year and in 2012, particularly since President Obama just agreed this week with Republicans on cutting Social Security payroll taxes for a year, extending the Bush-era tax cuts for two more years, and extending unemployment benefits for another year.
But as the economy falters now, Bloomberg continues to spread his message. He's speaking on NBC's Meet the Press this weekend and at a major gathering of political independents next week.


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Wholesale data center provider Dupont Fabros announced some significant leasing numbers, with the Chicago CH1 Data Center reaching 100 percent leased and Santa Clara SC1 data center now being three-quarters leased. Read More
Dupont Fabros
Green House Data Expands to New Jersey
Wyoming-based Green House Data has opened its first East Coast data center,housing its infrastructure with Net2EZ inside the NJ1 wholesale data center in Piscataway, New Jersey. Read More
DuPont Fabros Shares Gain After Dividend Hike, Stock Buyback
Shares of data center developer DuPont Fabros Technology (DFT) gained in early trading today after the company said it would hike its dividend and announced a share repurchase program. Read More
With Large Lease, Dupont Fabros Fills Virginia Data Center
With a recent pre-lease of 4.33 megawatts of space, DuPont Fabros Technology has fully leased its ACC6 data center in Ashburn, Read More
DuPont Fabros Shares Slide on Analyst Jitters
Shares of data center developer DuPont Fabros Technology declined today as Wall Street analysts scrutinized lease extensions signed with three of the company's largest customers, which included lower rental rates. Read More
'Super Wholesale' Deals Boost Data Center Developers
A new breed of customer is having a big impact on the bottom line for data center developers. The "super wholesale" category includes users with large Internet infrastructures who have previously built their own data centers, but are now looking to lease "plug-n-play" space from developers. Read More
Digital Realty, DFT: No Interruptions from Virginia Storm
Digital Realty Trust (DLR) and DuPont Fabros Technology (DFT said their data centers performed flawlessly during last weekend's electrical storms in northern Virginia. Between them, the two companies operate more than 3.3 million square feet of data center space in 26 data centers across northern Virginia. Read More
Huge Leasing Deals for DuPont Fabros in Virginia
Data center developer DuPont Fabros Technology (DFT) has signed up tenants for more than 18 megawatts of data center space at its new ACC6 data center in Ashburn, the company said today. Read More
DuPont Fabros Expands Unsecured Credit Facility
Data center developer DuPont Fabros Technology has increased its unsecured revolving credit from $100 million to $225 million, the company said today. Read More
DFT Sees Slower Leasing in Several Markets
Leasing at new data centers built by developer DuPont Fabros Technology has been slower than expected in several markets, prompting the compoany to lower its revenue guidance. But DFT says it remains confident in the long-term outlook for the data center market. Read More
Additional Dupont Fabros Articles
- DuPont Fabros Leases Space in NJ, Santa Clara
- DuPont Fabros, IO Complete SSAE 16 Audits
- DuPont Fabros to Sell Preferred Shares
- Jonathan Heiliger Joins Board at DuPont Fabros
- Strong Leasing Boosts Shares of DuPont Fabros
- DuPont Fabros Opens Two New Facilities
- NYSE, DuPont Fabros Link Their NJ Data Centers
- DuPont Fabros Signs First Santa Clara Tenant
- DuPont Fabros Offering Will Fund Chicago Project
- DuPont Fabros Thinking Globally?
- Marquee Tenants Expand With DuPont Fabros
- Earnings Preview: DuPont Fabros Technology
- DuPont Fabros Eyes Next Phase in Chicago
- DuPont Fabros Expands 'Accordion' Loan Limit
- Earnings Roundup: DFT, Internap, Emerson


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With the new fiscal year for the federal government rapidly approaching, the irresponsible and dangerous game of chicken being played with national defense continues. For most of the year, the White House and Democrats have made it clear that they will block passage of defense authorization and appropriations bills that contain some $38 billion in new defense resources unless the Republican majority in Congress agrees to boost domestic discretionary spending by an equal amount. Last week, Senate Democrats made good on that threat by blocking a vote on the defense appropriations bill. Given the state of the world, given the state of the U.S. military, this is about as irresponsible as it gets. But being irresponsible has become something of an art form for this White House.
Yet it would also be irresponsible if Republicans didn't hold their noses and at least seek a compromise with congressional Democrats and the Obama administration for the sake of national defense. Lacking the presidency, Republicans won't be able to insist on the right outcome—an increase for defense without buying off the Democrats with extra domestic spending. They could take a shot at passing that kind of continuing resolution (CR) first. But if they hold a strict line on domestic spending, the result will be a short-term CR that leaves an already hardpressed military with fewer resources, prevents any new program starts to modernize the force, and perhaps forces the cancellation or renegotiation of contracts already on the books.
Worse still, a short-term CR may well lead to a yearlong continuing resolution in which defense spending would actually be less than the sequestration budget cap's own onerous requirement for the year. And a CR for this upcoming year would almost certainly guarantee a CR for much of the following year as members of both parties put off any and all hard votes during an election year.
So it's going to be necessary to compromise. If that means congressional Republicans agreeing with Pelosi Democrats on a dollar-for-dollar increase in both defense and domestic spending, so be it. The goal should be to do no more harm to a military that is already in dire straits.
Do Republicans, for lack of a compromise now, want to hand a possible incoming Republican administration an even more hollowed-out military? Do they really want to put the next president in the position of having to deal with multiple crises in the Middle East, East Asia, and Eastern Europe with a military that is spread thin, using older and even more worn-out equipment that is, by the Pentagon's account, not going to be combat ready? The administration has made clear that it wants to enshrine "leading from behind" as the new American way of war by ensuring its successor has no better option. Is this the predicament Republicans want to hand the next chief executive?
Republicans seem to believe that the hole the military is in is of recent vintage—a product of the Obama years—and, as such, can be reversed in short order. But the drawdown of America's military capabilities has been going on since the early 1990s. Bush I, faced with a recession, cut defense below what his administration had previously said was needed for a post-Cold War era. President Clinton's team then slashed men and programs even further, leading commentators to refer to their time in office as the era of "the procurement holiday." And despite Dick Cheney's famous utterance during the 2000 campaign that "help is on the way" for the military, Bush II's OMB killed any notions of an immediate fix by allowing only the most marginal bump up for defense in its first budget request.
It's of course true that total defense spending grew following 9/11. But the bulk of that increase was tied to fighting the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan, plussing-up -maintenance accounts to keep older platforms in the field, and adding money to personnel accounts to keep the exceptional all-volunteer force in the fight through its constant deployments. The added funds, as one prominent defense analyst has noted, produced no "significant modernization of the military." In short, well before the Obama team arrived and started cutting defense programs, and well before the bipartisan suicide pact of the Budget Control Act of 2011 was enacted into law, the American military was in trouble.
No doubt compromising with the president would be a hard pill to swallow. And, certainly, the deficit would increase—perhaps as much as 15 percent. Deficits matter, but as Ronald Reagan understood, absent American military preeminence the world will only get more dangerous and the very stability needed for economic growth—and deficit reduction—will surely disappear.
Read more...
"We have already cut defense … about 30 percent over the last 10 years, and we're still at war. We're actively involved on multiple continents in real combat operations. We should not be drastically reducing our troop levels."
"We have already cut defense … about 30 percent over the last 10 years, and we're still at war. We're actively involved on multiple continents in real combat operations. We should not be drastically reducing our troop levels."
Defense Secretary Ash Carter admitted in testimony Capitol Hill this morning that Iran will not be changing its bad behavior as a result of the nuclear deal.
Here's video of Carter's admission:
"Do you, Secretary Carter, believe that Iran will change its behavior as a result if this agreement is finalized? And have you seen any indication of that?" Senator John McCain asked this morning.
In at last announcing in detail that it would reduce the size of its active-duty force, currently 490,000, by 40,000 soldiers over the next two years, the U.S. Army seems finally and for a day to have captured the attention of the political class. In fact this is not news, but the long-anticipated result of the defense budget cuts agreed to under the 2011 Budget Control Act.
A DoD News story, published on Defense.gov, claims that the "Strategy to Defeat ISIL is Working, Military Official Says."
The report reads, "The coalition and Iraqi security forces strategy to defeat and dismantle the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant extremist group is clear and on track, the chief of staff of Combined Joint Task Force Operation Inherent Resolve said today."
A fact sheet on the Defense budget from the Foreign Policy Initiative:
Lost in much of the reporting about CPAC is that almost all of the likely presidential candidates—really, all of them, with the exception of Rand Paul—seemed to place themselves at the Reaganite hawkish-internationalist end of the foreign policy spectrum. The much-heralded return of Republican isolationism or anti-interventionism wasn't much in evidence, except during Rand Paul's half hour on the stage.
A bipartisan group of mmore than eighty influential national security experts, from former Defense Secretary Robert Gates to Michèle Flournoy to Bill Kristol, have written a letter to congressional leadership to urge increased defense spending.
From the Foreign Policy Initiative:
In his weekly newsletter, the boss, just back from the Munich Security Conference, shares his big takeaways:
President Obama's proposed defense budget is well below what former Secretary of Defense Bob Gates proposed.
South Carolina senator Lindsey Graham has launched a new political action committee for "testing the waters" for a presidential run in 2016. The Republican, in his third term, has started Security Through Strength, a PAC that bluntly describes itself as a group to "fund the infrastructure and operations allowing Graham to travel the country, listen to Americans, and gauge support for a potential presidential candidacy."
In the last five years, the Department of Defense (DOD) has spent over $130 million to store unused satellites from eight different satellite programs, and plans to spend another $206 million on storage over the next five years. Storage costs for individual pieces of equipment range from $40,000 up to an estimated $120 million for one particular satellite. Costs vary depending on the amount of care needed for each satellite.
CNN reports that Ashton Carter will be President Obama's pick to be the next defense secretary:
Ashton Carter, the former second-in-command at the Pentagon appears to be the top choice to replace outgoing Secretary Chuck Hagel.
Ashton Carter, the former second-in-command at the Pentagon appears to be the top choice to replace outgoing Secretary Chuck Hagel.
Barring any last minute complications, Ash Carter will be President Barack Obama's choice as the new Secretary of Defense, several U.S. administration officials told CNN.
Barring any last minute complications, Ash Carter will be President Barack Obama's choice as the new Secretary of Defense, several U.S. administration officials told CNN.
The resignation of Defense Secretary Chuck Hagel creates a golden opportunity for the new Republican majority in the Congress: not only will the hearings on Hagel's replacement be a natural venue for reviewing the defense reductions and many retreats of the Obama years, but they provide a forum for Republicans to begin to chart a positive alternative.
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Congress's Benghazi investigation has been slandered.
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text:
The dragon Prophecy:prologuePrologue: A Mission"I understand
that you had a little meeting with the all-knowing faerie guardian." Growled Loinclith."Ye-yes." Stammered the Guardian, at his knees at the foot of the throne."And what did she tell you?" he gripped his staff. The Guardian went cold."The-the yin-yang has appeared you're majesty!" Exclaimed the Guardian at mercy.Loinclith grinned wickedly. He knew he could find something useful in this incompetent mortal. The stupid prophesy of the dragons made some 200 years ago actually came true. "That is very very good news. Now can you do a job for me?" He asked calmly, even though he knew the mortal had no choice.This man was quite young. Strong for his age
just growing out of his teenage life. Hitting reality. But for Loinclith, a thousand years old, would always be stronger. Enough to get his hands on the ultimate tool to destroy the world and bring through eternal darkness, his race among them all.And yet, all of it could collapse if this human made one