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AFR – Get to know growth private equity
6th Jun 12
By Paulina Duran
A PwC study of 1,000 private businesses has found that a large number of middle-sized businesses require expertise and additional capital to drive growth. In this Australian Financial Review article, PwC Private Clients Partner Alan Elliott talks about the value of private equity as a source of capital and in succession planning. Managing Partner of Wolseley Partners, Andrew Petering, also speaks about the value of private equity in driving small and medium-sized businesses' growth.
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PwC/AVCAL report: How can fresh insights add greater value?
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BLOG: Private Capital: Key to easing the burden on public healthcare?
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Some reports in Italy suggest that the Naples side have had an offer accepted, whilst others indicate that they are not willing to meet Real Madrid's asking price.
Either way personal terms could be difficult to agree with a player who is already set on a move to Arsenal, having agreed terms with the Londoners only for Real to suddenly change their mind about a transfer fee at the last moment.
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Who of Europe's top strikers will move to England this summer?
After a dreadful start to their Bundesliga campaign, Borussia Dortmund appear to have weathered the storm after going five matches without defeat.


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A really beautiful page design showcasing a large version of the app icon in a spotlight effect. I love the rounded hill of books in the background, the slime on the available now button and the overall dark color scheme.Posted in Web Design → Software
A really sharp looking design that is very horizontal and uses lots of contrast to really grab the viewer. The images in the huge slider are fantastic, the textured black background is perfect and the six service section are handled very well. This is an excellent site to use for solid layout inspiration.Posted in Web Design → Portfolio
A really colorful design with a nice spectrum background and a really clean layout. I like how the background is fixed while the items scroll, it makes everything on the page seem as if it were floating. I also like the dark header, it really stands out well from the rest of the page.Posted in Web Design → Portfolio
A nice looking professional site with plenty of bright color and graphics that really grab you. I love the incorporation of the logo into the scene and the little shadow under the icons that make them appear to float.Posted in Web Design → Blog
This page is simply a beautiful piece of web design and is one of my all time favorites. The page is broken up into individually designed sections to show off the apps features. Each section has a unique and attractive theme. There are subtle touches throughout that are simply superb. Be sure to keep an eye on the logo at the top!Posted in Web Design → Software
A really great looking site with clean lines, nice typography and excellent icon design. The treatment of the headline is particularly nice along with the large footer that contrasts heavily with the rest of the page.Posted in Web Design → Corporate
A nice looking dark theme with a big image slider to grab your attention. I like the textured background, dotted lines, thin typography and bright artwork displayed against the black.Posted in Web Design → Corporate
Three60 is a two man digital design company with a decent sense of humor. I absolutely love the animated pencil rocket ship on the blueprint background. It is a completely original graphic that really makes the site memorable. Other nice touches include the slowly changing customer testimonials in the top right and the subtle background gradient.Posted in Web Design → Design
The portfolio of Charlie Gentle, a Web Developer working in Nottingham, UK. The dark background contrasts nicely with the large white typography and the white sketchy elements. I am a sucker for side scrolling sites so this one gets a bonus for using this method. Also, as you scroll through the site, the bokeh at the top is animated with a 3D parallax effect that is just excellent.Posted in Web Design → Blog
This site is the web portfolio of designer Simon Foster. Heavy use of contrast, over-sized headline, and planetary graphic come together to make this design a winner. Also, the font choices are just perfect to compliment the graphical style.Posted in Web Design → Portfolio
The online portfolio of designer James Childers. This site features an strongly textured background and muted content and a perfect color scheme. All of this lends to the faded look that the designer is going for. As you hover over the images, their opacity slowly transitions to 100%.Posted in Web Design → Design


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College basketball: Ave Maria women sign Fort Myers' Lauren Gillingham, Port Charlotte's Taylor Lindsey
Ave Maria University women's basketball coach Bob Batson announced the signing of two Southwest Florida players Monday.
Fort Myers High School's Lauren Gillingham, an all-conference guard, and Taylor Lindsey, a guard from Port Charlotte High School, both signed with the Gyrenes.
Gillingham is a four-year varsity starter whose 1,229 career points rank the second-highest in career scoring in Fort Myers High history. She was named 7A-11 Player of the Year as a senior after averaging 12 points and nine rebounds per game.
"Lauren is an outstanding addition and brings a history of success and competitiveness to our program. We expect Lauren to compete from the start," Batson said.
The Gyrenes signed another Lee County player, Estero's Andie Wagner, earlier this year.
Lindsey averaged 17.6 points and 8.6 rebounds per game.
"Taylor is an outstanding offensive player who will bring a competitive and winning attitude to Ave Maria's women's basketball program." Batson said.
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text: More from SI Report: Dodgers release pitcher Freddy Garcia Report: Dodgers release pitcher Freddy Garcia Marshawn Lynch sports gold cleats for Super Bowl Marshawn Lynch sports gold cleats for Super Bowl Louisville vs. FIU: Game time, live stream, TV coverage Louisville vs. FIU: Game time, live stream, TV coverage Pittsburgh-area high school football player dies after... Pittsburgh-area high school football player dies after... Close Tweet0 Share0 Comment0 Share0 Share0 Stumble It0 Print0 More SI Wire Report: Trent Richardson to have surgery Thursday by Scooby Axson Email Posted: Thu Aug. 9, 2012 Browns running back Trent Richardson will have surgery to remove cartilage from his left knee. (Jason Miller/Getty Images)Cleveland Browns running back Trent Richardson is scheduled to have arthroscopic surgery Thursday to remove loose cartilage from his left knee that has been bothering him during training camp, reports ESPN.com.The surgery, which is described as removing a "hang nail particle" in the knee, will allow Richardson to return to play before the Browns season opener. The Browns will start their season at home on Sept. 9 against the Philadelphia Eagles.The small particle, which has caused swelling, will be "cleaned up" by Dr. James Andrews after it was detected in an MRI. Dr. Andrews will do a final evaluation before he is expected to perform the minor surgery.Earlier, the Browns said Richardson would travel to Pensacola, Fla., to have his left knee further evaluated by Andrews.Richardson, the third overall pick in the 2012 NFL Draft out of Alabama, tore his meniscus in the same knee in the BCS championship game against LSU and had arthroscopic surgery for that injury on Feb. 3. Promoted Stories Comments


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Smooth Bert, Kelli Got Frosty win Big A stakes
Updated: December 9, 2012, 5:03 PM ETAssociated Press
NEW YORK -- Smooth Bert and Kelli Got Frosty won $80,000 stakes races for New York bred 2-year-olds Sunday in the slop at Aqueduct.
Smooth Bert, ridden by Mike Luzzi for trainer Leah Gyarmati, took the Damon Runyon by three quarters of a length over Notacatbutallama for his second win in five starts. He paid $10.40 to win, running the mile in 1:39.70.
Kelli Got Frosty romped to a 9½-length win over Agilion as the 2-5 favorite in the East End for fillies. It was her third victory ...
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- Seaside at Anastasia
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- St. Augustine Beach & Tennis Club
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- Tradewinds
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This property allows you to book online with a credit card. After submitting a reservation request, the owner or manager has 24 hours to accept, at which time your card will be charged and you will receive an email confirmation
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"My guests and I had a great time and really enjoyed the property."Guest: Thomas H. Date of Stay: March 2015 Review Submitted: March 30, 2015View listing
"We had a wonderful Spring Break vacation with our son, daughter-in-law and three young grandchildren. A perfect place for people of all ages. We've vacationed in the St. Augustine area many time but this was a first time for us at Colony Reef and we were very pleased."Guest: Harvey B. Date of Stay: April 2015 Review Submitted: April 27, 2015View listing
"The Roxland Paradise House is an excellent place to vacation. The interior is more than we expected. The only thing we found was their wasn't a lot to do near the house. The beach was a 25 minute drive. Golf was nearby at a very nice course. If you want to relax and swim in the pool this is a great place to stay."Guest: Fred B. Date of Stay: March 2015 Review Submitted: March 26, 2015View listing
"Outstanding location and lovely property."Guest: James W. Date of Stay: April 2015 Review Submitted: April 27, 2015View listing
Featured Destinations: Dauphin Island, Isle of Palms, Bald Head Island, Destin Condo Rentals


text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Jan 1, 2004
|Filing date
|Jun 28, 2002
|Priority date
|Jun 28, 2002
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Christopher Meek, Bo Thiesson, John Bennett
|Original Assignee
|Microsoft Corporation
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (5), Referenced by (2), Classifications (7), Legal Events (5)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
[0001] This disclosure is related to the following co-pending application: "REDUCING AND CONTROLLING SIZES OF PROTOTYPE-BASED RECOGNIZERS" by inventors Bennett, et al., (Attorney Docket No. 003797.00389), having U.S. patent application Ser. No. ______, and filed on Jun. 28, 2002;
[0002] Aspects of the invention are directed generally to handwriting recognizers. More particularly, aspects of the invention relate to techniques for reducing and controlling the sizes of model-based handwriting recognizers.
[0003] Typical computer systems, especially computer systems using graphical user interface (GUI) systems such as Microsoft WINDOWS, are optimized for accepting user input from one or more discrete input devices such as a keyboard for entering text, and a pointing device such as a mouse with one or more buttons for driving the user interface. The ubiquitous keyboard and mouse interface provides for fast creation and modification of documents, spreadsheets, database fields, drawings, photos and the like. However, there is a significant gap in the flexibility provided by the keyboard and mouse interface as compared with the non-computer (i.e., standard) pen and paper. With the standard pen and paper, a user edits a document, writes notes in a margin, and draws pictures and other shapes and the like. In some instances, a user may prefer to use a pen to mark-up a document rather than review the document on-screen because of the ability to freely make notes outside of the confines of the keyboard and mouse interface.
[0004] Some computer systems permit a user to write on a screen using, for example, a stylus. For example, the Microsoft READER application permits one to add electronic ink (also referred to herein as "ink") to a document much the same way that a user would write with a standard pen and paper. Hand-held computing devices, commonly known as Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs), as well as the future release of the Tablet PC also permit the user to write on the screen.
[0005] A handwriting recognition system may then be used to analyze the electronic ink to recognize characters, for example, Unicode characters. As the user moves the stylus across the screen, the computing device senses the position of the stylus as the user writes and stores the position data. The computing device analyzes the position data and converts it to recognized characters, such as letters or numbers, in a convenient format, such as Unicode format. There are many handwriting recognition systems in use including, for example, memory-based handwriting recognition systems.
[0006] Handwriting recognition systems use algorithms to map handwritten data to characters. For example, handwriting recognition systems may utilize neural networks, Hidden Markov Models, and/or prototypes. In the example, of prototypes, the system internally stores prototypes for each character that can be recognized. A prototype is a "picture" of a handwritten character that is used to map handwriting to a character. Alternatively, a recognition system may use statistical models for each character. Recognition systems use recognition algorithms to measure the distance from handwritten data to one or more prototypes or statistical models. As long as the user writes like a prototype or a statistical model, the handwritten data is successfully recognized. Conversely, the more dissimilar the handwritten data and the prototype or the statistical models are, the more likely it is that the handwritten data will be misrecognized. Misrecognition is typically due to the differences in user handwriting styles and legibility of the handwriting. For example, the handwritten word "dear" may be misrecognized as the word "clear" depending on the way the user writes a "d" and the prototypes or statistical models for the character "d," "c," and "l."
[0007] One way to minimize the risk of misrecognition is to have a good model database, which provides the various possible shapes the recognizer should understand for any given character. A good model database, however, may have many statistical components, which requires greater memory. This can be quite problematic, for example, in the case where the recognizer is for an East Asian language, which typically has many complex, multi-stroke characters. A large model database can be particularly undesirable in the context where the recognizer is part of a smaller computing device, such as a handheld Personal Digital Assistant (PDA). Handheld computing devices typically are limited in memory and a large model database may not be commercially acceptable.
[0008] One option to overcome the above problems is to reduce the size of the model database. The difficulty arises, however, in being able to reduce the model database without significantly compromising the ability of the handwriting recognizer to accurately recognize characters. It is therefore desirable to adequately reduce the size of a model database with minimal effects on character recognition accuracy.
[0009] The invention provides a method and apparatus for reducing and controlling the size of a handwriting recognition system by generating a model database that satisfies the size requirements. In particular, the process identifies a limited set of models to satisfy the database size requirements that has the least adverse effect on recognition accuracy. The particular models to be removed may be determined generally by selecting those models that adversely affect the accuracy of character recognition the least.
[0010] In accordance with one embodiment, a process, implemented as computer-executable instructions, for reducing a model database is disclosed. The process runs a tuning set through the handwriting recognizer to identify a list of best match models for each tuning sample in the tuning set. The process generates an alternate list for each tuning sample. The process then generates, for each model, error lists of where errors occurred in the alternate list. Based on the error lists, the process identifies an active model for each character that results in the highest accuracy.
[0011] The process then starts comparing the active models with smaller models in the model database to identify the smallest model with the least negative affect on accuracy. The process replaces one of the active models with the identified smaller model. The process iteratively repeats replacing active models with smaller models until the desired database size is achieved.
[0012] These and other features and aspects of the invention will be apparent upon consideration of the following detailed description of various embodiments of the invention.
[0013] The foregoing summary of the invention, as well as the following detailed description of embodiments, is better understood when read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, which are included by way of example, and not by way of limitation with regard to the claimed invention.
[0014]FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a general-purpose digital computing environment that can be used to implement various aspects of the invention.
[0015]FIG. 2 is a schematic block diagram of an exemplary hand-held device or tablet PC that can be used in accordance with various aspects of the invention.
[0016]FIG. 3 is a flow chart illustrating the overall character recognition process.
[0017]FIG. 4 is a schematic block diagram generally depicting the system for providing a reduced model database in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
[0018]FIG. 5 is a flow chart depicting the overall process for reducing the model database in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
[0019]FIG. 6 is a flow chart depicting in more detail the process for reducing the model database in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
[0020]FIG. 7 is a schematic block diagram depicting a model database to be reduced.
[0021]FIG. 8 is a simplified example of alternate tables for tuning samples that rank models according to their match to the associated tuning sample.
[0022]FIG. 9 depicts the error lists for certain models, which were generated from the alternate tables of FIG. 8.
[0023]FIG. 10 depicts modified alternate tables and error lists.
[0024] The exemplary disclosed system and method provides a technique for reducing and controlling the size of a model database, for use with a handwriting recognizer, with minimized effect on error rate. In particular, a database reduction process processes each model to determine its effect on the error rate. The process thereby identifies zero, one or more models for each character that results in the highest character recognition accuracy. The process thereby iteratively reduces the model database by replacing a more accurate model with one that is smaller and that has minimized adverse effect on the error rate. The process iteratively chooses alternate active models from the database that have the least effect on error rate until the desired database size is reached.
[0025] Although not required, the invention will be described in the general context of computer-executable instructions, such as program modules. Generally, program modules include variables, routines, classes, objects, scripts, components, data structures, and the like that perform particular tasks or implement particular abstract data types. The invention provides for a software system that may be implemented on any network infrastructure such that networked devices may be remotely controlled by, for example, a general-purpose computer, or a system whereby the networked devices may share information with and about each other. The invention provides and accepts common command, control, and communication through the network while retaining the ability of each device to operate autonomously. In a distributed computing environment, program modules may reside on both local and remote devices.
[0026] Terms
[0027] Ink or electronic ink as used herein refers to a sequence or a set of strokes with properties. The sequence of strokes may include strokes ordered, for example, by the time captured. Each stroke is comprised of a sequence of points, which may be represented using a variety of known techniques including Cartesian coordinates (X, Y), polar coordinates (r, Θ), and other techniques as known in the art.
[0028] A stroke as used herein refers to a sequence or set of captured points. For example, when rendered, the sequence of points may be connected with lines. Alternatively, the stroke may be represented as a point and a sequence of vectors in the direction of the next point. In short, a stroke is intended to encompass any representation of points or segments relating to ink, irrespective of the underlying representation of points and/or what connects the points.
[0029] A character is generally a known letter or symbol such as, for example, the letter "a" or the symbol "$." Characters can also be code points, for example, as ASCII elements or UNICODE elements or can be letters or symbols for a particular language. Characters may also generally be shapes, for example, squares, triangles or circles.
[0030] A model as used herein is a statistical representation of the features that a given character may have. In other words, it statistically accounts for the various prototypes that a given character may have. In one example, a model comprises one or more components. The components may provide, for example, an average value that each feature for the character will exhibit or a Gaussian distribution describing the values of various features exhibited by the character as well as cross-correlations between these features.
[0031] A tuning sample is a character input representing a character that a user would write. Each tuning sample would depict the various ways that a user could write characters.
[0032] A tuning set is a set of tuning samples that contain a representative sample of what typical users would write. For example, the tuning set may be those character inputs that a type of users would typically write (e.g., left-handed users). The tuning set may, for example, be a training set and can consist of as many as 20 million tuning samples.
[0033] General Purpose Computing Environment
[0034]FIG. 1 illustrates a schematic diagram of an exemplary conventional general-purpose digital computing environment that can be used to implement various aspects of the invention. The invention may also be implemented in other versions of computer 100, for example without limitation, a hand-held computing device, a Tablet PC, or may be an application for use with a more general computing device such as a personal computer. The invention may also be implemented in part of a multiprocessor system, a microprocessor-based or programmable consumer electronic device, a network PC, a minicomputer, a mainframe computer, hand-held devices, and the like. Hand-held devices available today include Pocket-PC devices manufactured by Compaq, Hewlett-Packard, Casio, and others.
[0035] Referring still to FIG. 1, a computer 100 includes a processing unit 110, a system memory 120, and a system bus 130 that couples various system components including the system memory to the processing unit 110. The system bus 130 may be any of several types of bus structures including a memory bus or memory controller, a peripheral bus, and a local bus using any of a variety of bus architectures. The system memory 120 includes read only memory (ROM) 140 and random access memory (RAM) 150.
[0036] A basic input/output system 160 (BIOS), which is stored in the ROM 140, contains the basic routines that help to transfer information between elements within the computer 100, such as during start-up. The computer 100 also includes a hard disk drive 170 for reading from and writing to a hard disk (not shown), a magnetic disk drive 180 for reading from or writing to a removable magnetic disk 190, and an optical disk drive 191 for reading from or writing to a removable optical disk 182 such as a CD ROM or other optical media. The hard disk drive 170, magnetic disk drive 180, and optical disk drive 191 are connected to the system bus 130 by a hard disk drive interface 192, a magnetic disk drive interface 193, and an optical disk drive interface 194, respectively. The drives and their associated computer-readable media provide nonvolatile storage of computer readable instructions, data structures, program modules and other data for the personal computer 100. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that other types of computer readable media that can store data that is accessible by a computer, such as magnetic cassettes, flash memory cards, digital video disks, Bernoulli cartridges, random access memories (RAMs), read only memories (ROMs), and the like, may also be used in the example operating environment.
[0037] A number of program modules can be stored on the hard disk drive 170, magnetic disk 190, optical disk 192, ROM 140 or RAM 150, including an operating system 195, one or more application programs 196, other program modules 197, and program data 198. A user can enter commands and information into the computer 100 through input devices such as a keyboard 101 and/or a pointing device 102. Other input devices (not shown) may include a microphone, joystick, game pad, satellite dish, scanner or the like. These and other input devices are often connected to the processing unit 110 through a serial port interface 106 that is coupled to the system bus, but may be connected by other interfaces, such as a parallel port, game port or a universal serial bus (USB). Further still, these devices may be coupled directly to the system bus 130 via an appropriate interface (not shown). A monitor 107 or other type of display device is also connected to the system bus 130 via an interface, such as a video adapter 108. In addition to the monitor, personal computers typically include other peripheral output devices (not shown), such as speakers and printers. In one embodiment, a pen digitizer 165 and accompanying pen or stylus 166 are provided in order to digitally capture freehand input. Although a direct connection between the pen digitizer 165 and the processing unit 110 is shown, in practice, the pen digitizer 165 may be coupled to the processing unit 110 via a serial port, parallel port or other interface and the system bus 130 as known in the art. Furthermore, although the digitizer 165 is shown apart from the monitor 107, it is preferred that the usable input area of the digitizer 165 be co-extensive with the display area of the monitor 107. Further still, the digitizer 165 may be integrated in the monitor 107, or may exist as a separate device overlaying or otherwise appended to the monitor 107.
[0038] The computer 100 can operate in a networked environment using logical connections to one or more remote computers, such as a remote computer 109. The remote computer 109 can be a server, a router, a network PC, a peer device or other common network node, and typically includes many or all of the elements described above relative to the computer 100, although only a memory storage device 111 has been illustrated in FIG. 1. The logical connections depicted in FIG. 1 include a local area network (LAN) 112 and a wide area network (WAN) 113. Such networking environments are commonplace in offices, enterprise-wide computer networks, intranets and the Internet.
[0039] When used in a LAN networking environment, the computer 100 is connected to the local network 112 through a network interface or adapter 114. When used in a WAN networking environment, the personal computer 100 typically includes a modem 115 or other means for communicating over the wide area network 113, such as the Internet. The modem 115, which may be internal or external, is connected to the system bus 130 via the serial port interface 106. In a networked environment, program modules depicted relative to the personal computer 100, or portions thereof, may be stored in the remote memory storage device.
[0040] It will be appreciated that the network connections shown are exemplary and other techniques for establishing a communications link between the computers can be used. The existence of any of various well-known protocols such as TCP/IP, Ethernet, FTP, HTTP and the like is presumed, and the system can be operated in a client-server configuration to permit a user to retrieve web pages from a web server. Any of various conventional web browsers can be used to display and manipulate data on web pages.
[0041]FIG. 2 illustrates an exemplary hand-held device or Tablet PC 201 that can be used in accordance with various aspects of the invention. Any or all of the features, subsystems, and functions in the system of FIG. 1 can be included in the computer of FIG. 2. Hand-held device or Tablet PC 201 includes a large display surface 202, e.g., a digitizing flat panel display, preferably, a liquid crystal display (LCD) screen, on which a plurality of windows 203 is displayed. Using stylus 204, a user can select, highlight, and/or write on the digitizing display surface 202. Examples of suitable digitizing display surfaces 202 include electromagnetic pen digitizers, such as Mutoh or Wacom pen digitizers. Other types of pen digitizers, e.g., optical digitizers, may also be used. Hand-held device or Tablet PC 201 interprets gestures made using stylus 204 in order to manipulate data, enter text, create drawings, and/or execute conventional computer application tasks such as spreadsheets, word processing programs, and the like. For example, a window 203 a allows a user to create electronic ink using stylus 204. Window 203 a illustrates an example of a line of electronic ink.
[0042] The stylus 204 may be equipped with one or more buttons or other features to augment its selection capabilities. In one embodiment, the stylus 204 could be implemented as a "pencil" or "pen", in which one end constitutes a writing portion and the other end constitutes an "eraser" end, and which, when moved across the display, indicates portions of the display are to be erased. Other types of input devices, such as a mouse, trackball, or the like could be used. Additionally, a user's own finger could be the stylus 204 and used for selecting or indicating portions of the displayed image on a touch-sensitive or proximity-sensitive display. Consequently, the term "user input device", as used herein, is intended to have a broad definition and encompasses many variations on well-known input devices such as stylus 204. Region 205 shows a feedback region or contact region permitting the user to determine where the stylus 204 has contacted the display surface 202.
[0043] In various embodiments, the system provides an ink platform as a set of COM (component object model) services that an application can use to capture, manipulate, and store ink. One such service enables an application to read and write ink using the disclosed representations of ink. The ink platform may also include a mark-up language including a language like the extensible markup language (XML). Further, the system may use DCOM as another implementation.
[0044] Overview of Character Recognition Process
[0045] As discussed, handwriting recognizer analyzes the ink strokes and converts them into recognized characters, such as letters or numbers, in a convenient format, such as Unicode format. FIG. 3 illustrates the overall character recognition process. The process starts at step 305 once a user inputs a character comprising one or more ink strokes. At step 310, the computing device senses and stores the position of these ink strokes. At step 315, the computing device processes each ink stroke to extract the features of each ink stroke. Each stroke can therefore be described as a sequence of numbers representing various characteristics of the stroke including, for example, the start point, the end point, the curvature, the overall shape, etc. At step 320, the computing device compares the inputted character with the models in the model database. At step 325, the computing device identifies the model(s) that are the best match(es) based on the closeness of the differences of the various features between the inputted character and the model. The system associates the inputted character with the character corresponding to the best match model.
[0046]FIG. 4 is a schematic block diagram of the overall components for providing a reduced model database in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention. The system comprises a tuning set 405 and a model database 410 that is to be reduced in size. As discussed, the tuning set 405 set is a set of character inputs that contain a representative sample of what a typical user would write. A model processor 415 is generally a program module or a set of computer-executable instructions. The model processor 415 receives the model database 410 and, using the tuning set 405, generates a reduced model database 420 using the processing techniques described herein. As discussed, a model is a statistical representation of the features that a given character may have. A model comprises one or more components, wherein each component provides statistical information on a particular style or form of the character (namely, a way of writing the character such as the order of the strokes or shape/angle of the stroke). The various models for a given character in the model database 410 may vary in the number of components and/or the information that is within each component.
[0047]FIG. 5 illustrates the overall process for reducing the model database 410 in accordance with the present invention. The process starts at step 505 and at step 510, the process generates error lists. In particular, the process runs a tuning sample through the recognition system to generate an alternate list of models that best matches each tuning sample. Based on this list, the process generates one or more error lists. At step 515, the process, through an iterative process, identifies zero or one model for each character that results in highest overall character recognition accuracy. Alternatively, the process may identify zero, one or more models. It still may be desirable, however, to reduce the model database even further. Accordingly, at step 520, the process starts identifying alternate models that shrink the model database but that reduce accuracy the least. The process continues to iteratively identify alternate models and, at step 525, the process stops once the desired model database size is achieved. Each of these steps is described in further detail herein.
[0048]FIG. 6 is a flow chart depicting in more detail the process for reducing the model database with minimized effect on the error rate. The process starts at step 605 and at step 610, the process generates a database of various possible models for each character. These models may be generated independent of one another using distinct sets of information and/or the models may be variations of one another. In one preferred embodiment, the models may be Bayesian networks or mixtures of Bayesian networks. See, e.g., Jensen et al., Bayesian Networks and Decision Graphs (Statistics for Engineering and Information Science), Springer Verlag (Jul. 2, 2001); Thiesson, B. et al., "Computationally efficient methods for selecting among mixtures of graphical models, with discussion," Bayesian Statistics 6: Proceedings of the Sixth Valencia International Meeting, pages 631-656. Clarendon Press, Oxford (1999). Those skilled in the art, however, will appreciate that any number of techniques alone or in combination may be utilized to generate the model database 410. FIG. 7 is a schematic depiction of a model database 410, wherein there exist one or more models for any given character. In the illustration of this figure, the model database 410 contains models A(m1), A(m2), etc. corresponding to the character A. Similarly, the figure depicts models B(m1), B(m2), etc. corresponding to the character B. Although not required, zero, one or more models may exist for each character to be recognized.
[0049] Referring back to FIG. 6, at step 615, the process runs the tuning set through a recognizer. For each tuning sample within the tuning set, the process, at step 615, identifies an alternate list of models that best matches the tuning sample in order of closeness. The process may use, for example, a classifier to identify matching models. FIG. 8 illustrates an example of how the process matches models to tuning samples. Shown in this figure are tuning samples a(s1) and d(s1) representing characters "a" and "d" respectively. The process generates an alternate list of best match models for each tuning sample. Accordingly, for tuning sample a(s1), an alternate list 804 is generated showing the possible models that match tuning sample a(s1) in decreasing order of match (a similar alternate list 805 is generated for tuning sample d(s1)). In this example, model d(m3) in the alternate list 804 represents the model that is the best match to tuning sample a(s1). The following models in the alternate list 804, starting with model a(m2), are model matches in decreasing order. The alternate list 804 continues listing models until each model for the given character has been identified. For example, if the model database 410 contains five models for the "a" character, the process will continue listing models in the alternate list 804 in decreasing order of match until all five of these models have been listed.
[0050] Each model and sample in FIG. 8 is identified according to a number and the character that it represents. Accordingly, model a(m2) signifies that it is the second model for the character "a". Similarly, tuning sample a(s1) signifies that it is the first sample in the tuning set for the character "a". Thus, tuning sample a(s1) has a best match model d(m3), which is the model that has been determined to the closest or best match with the tuning sample a(s1). Unfortunately, model d(m3) misrecognizes the tuning sample's character. Tuning sample d(s1) is also misrecognized by the best model match a(m1). Those models that in the alternate list are incorrect matches are referred to herein as error-causing matches. Those models in the alternate list that are correct matches are referred to herein as correct matches. It will be appreciated that FIG. 8 is a highly simplified depiction of the process for illustration purposes only. The number of tuning samples in the tuning set 405 may be in the range of millions and the number models in the model database 410 may be in the range of thousands (for example, there may be tens of models per character).
[0051] Referring back to FIG. 6, at step 620, the process builds error lists identifying possible misrecognitions based on the alternate list generated in step 615. As illustrated in FIG. 9, the process generates a plurality of "Beats This" lists 905 and a plurality of "This Beats" lists 910. In particular, for each model in the model database, the process will generate an associated Beats This list and an associated This Beats list. The Beats This list for any particular model identifies all error-causing matches that were ranked higher in any of the alternate lists, generated in step 615. For example, for sample a(s1), the alternate list 804 shows several error-causing matches that were ranked higher than the any of the models for that character, namely d(m3), c(m2) d(m1), and o(m4). Looking specifically at a(m1) in the alternate list 804, there are three error-causing matches, namely d(m3), c(m2), and d(m1), that were ranked higher than a(m1). The Beats This list for a(m1) would therefore identify these three models and the associated sample where the misrecognition occurred, namely a(s1). The Beats This list for model a(m1) would continue identifying such higher-ranked, error-causing matches for all other samples for the "a" character in the tuning set. As another example, a(m2) has one error-causing match that is higher in the alternate list 804, namely d(m3).
[0052] The This Beats list for any particular model correlates to places in the alternate list where the model was an error-causing match. The This Beats list identifies all correct matches that were lower in the alternate list. For example, for tuning sample d(s1), models a(m1) and a(m2) are error-causing matches. Thus, the This Beats lists for model a(m1) will identify those correct matches where a(m1) was an error-causing match and ranked higher than the correct match. The same would apply for model a(m2). As illustrated in FIG. 9, the This Beats list for model a(m1) identifies d(m2) and d(m5) as being the correct matches that a(m1) is higher than on the alternate list 805. Although described as lists 905 and 910, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the errors list can take any number of forms and formats and still be suitable for use with the present invention.
[0053] Referring back to FIG. 6, at step 630, the process selects for each character an active model. The process may select the active models using any number of techniques including, but not limited to, random selection, selecting the largest models, and/or statistical analysis. Once the initial set of active models have been identified, the process then computes for each active model a change in error for changing the active model. For example, the process may select a(m3) as the active model for the character "a." The process also identifies active models for each of the other characters. For example, using the illustration in FIGS. 8 and 9, the process may identify active models c(m2), d(m1), and o(m3). The process then determines the change in error rate for changing the active model from a(m3) to a(m2). In particular, the process may compute the changes of the two models relative to the Beats This and the This Beats lists (ignoring the other models in the lists that are not active). FIG. 10 illustrates modified alternative lists 804A and 805A as well as modified Beats This lists 905A and This Beats lists 910A in accordance with this example. The lists in FIG. 10 are formed from the lists in FIGS. 8 and 9 by ranking of all of the active models and removing all other non-active models. Accordingly, a change of the active model a(m3) to a(m2) caused an improvement of two in the Beats This list 905A and no change in the This Beats list 910A (considering sample a(s1) only).
[0054] The process may quantify the change in error rate using any number of techniques. In one embodiment, for example, the error is computed by determining the number of active models that are closer matches to a given sample relative to the given active model. In other words, the error is the rank of the active model in the best match list (illustrated in FIG. 8). Stated yet another way, for a given sample, the error is determined by the number of sample-active model pairs that are in the "Beats This" list and the "This Beats" list for a given active model (illustrated in FIG. 9). Alternatively, the process may have a weighted change determination. In particular, a value may be assigned to a position on the alternate list 804A and 805A, for example, the first position may be assigned a value of 1, the second position a value of �, the third position a value of ⅓, etc. Thus, the change of active model from a(m3) to a(m2) causes a change in position in the alternate list 804A from fourth position to the first position, causing an improved accuracy of 1.583(1+�+⅓−�) for a(s1). The improved accuracy value is determined by adding the point value improvement from going from the fourth position (� point) to the first position (1+�+⅓ points). As yet another alternative, the process may call a function that may consider an importance of the change and provide a weighted determination of whether there is an improvement in recognition accuracy for the change.
[0055] Once the change in accuracy or error rate has been determined, the process replaces the active model with the proposed model if there was a net reduction in error rate. The process may also compare the active model with having no model for the character (i.e. an empty model). Thus, the active model may be compared to determine whether it is better to have a 100% misrecognition rate for the character associated with the active model in exchange for the active model not being the source of misrecognition for other characters. This may be the case, for example, where the active model is for a rarely-used character, but that causes considerable errors for other more-commonly used characters.
[0056] Referring back to FIG. 6, at step 635, the process iteratively repeats step 630 until the process has identified the combination of active models that results in the lowest error rate. Each character may therefore be identified with either zero orone (or more than one) model, the combination of which has a minimal error rate. Alternatively, the process repeats step 630 until the error rate is below a predetermined threshold.
[0057] At step 640, the process starts the process of reducing the model database by identifying models that are smaller in required memory but that have a minimized adverse effect on accuracy. In particular, for each character the process compares the active model with every other model for that character and determines the change in error rate. For each comparison, the process determines a proportion of how much memory could be saved versus the increase in error rate for making the change in active model. This can be done, for example, by taking the ratio of change in error rate to the change in size (error/size). The process performs this task for all models in the model database 410.
[0058] The process identifies the model that would produce the smallest change in error rate relative to the change in size, namely the model that would have the smallest error/size ratio, and replaces the active model with the identified smaller model. Alternatively, the process may identify more than one model to replace. At step 645, the process repeats step 640 until a desired model database size is achieved. Once the process achieves the desired database size, the process ends at step 650. Although not required, in the typical case, it is anticipated that the resulting reduced model database 420 may have one representative model for each character.
[0059] The present invention therefore provides a mechanism to reduce the size of a model database with minimized effects on accuracy. Although described with respect to characters, the present invention is generally a competitive system for statistical models.
[0060] Although the invention has been defined using the appended claims, these claims are exemplary in that the invention may be intended to include the elements and steps described herein in any combination or sub combination. Accordingly, there are any number of alternative combinations for defining the invention, which incorporate one or more elements from the specification, including the description, claims, and drawings, in various combinations or sub combinations. It will be apparent to those skilled in the relevant technology, in light of the specification, that alternate combinations of aspects of the invention, either alone or in combination with one or more elements or steps defined herein, may be utilized as modifications or alterations of the invention or as part of the invention. It may be intended that the written description of the invention contained herein covers all such modifications and alterations. For instance, in various embodiments, a certain order to the data has been shown. However, any reordering of the data is encompassed by the invention. Also, where certain units of properties such as size (e.g., in bytes or bits) are used, any other units are also envisioned.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|May 4, 1936
|Mar 28, 1939
|American Box Board Co
|Title not available
|Title not available
|Title not available
|Title not available
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Jun 5, 2006
|Mar 1, 2011
|Microsoft Corporation
|Balancing out-of-dictionary and in-dictionary recognition scores
|Jun 17, 2005
|Dec 21, 2006
|Microsoft Corporation
|User-initiated reporting of handwriting recognition errors over the internet
|U.S. Classification
|1/1, 707/999.001
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Jun 28, 2002
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What's the strangest thing you've heard someone say in their sleep?
Started by erindiv , Dec 20 2012 10:59 PM
103 replies to this topic
Posted 20 December 2012 - 10:59 PM
As per the title.
DBF talks in his sleep and sometimes has me in hysterical giggles with the things he says. A while ago he was furiously swearing about "Those effing ducks!" and just tonight he was muttering something about New England.
Apparently once in my sleep I announced "No. A__ [pet whippet] has the tray. It's on her head."
Need a good giggle at the moment.
Posted 20 December 2012 - 11:03 PM
an ex boyfriend - "why do you keep stealing my transformers?"
Posted 20 December 2012 - 11:09 PM
DH often sleeptalks when I get into bed - I must disturb him. He has said to me in the past "Can I help you Ma'am?"..."well of course you can!!!!" I eagerly respond...........
only to realise he was sleeptalking and dreaming about work - he works in retail
Posted 20 December 2012 - 11:13 PM
My ex husband one sat up in his sleep and put his hand facing up on my side and muttered "my hand is an ash tray"
When I questioned him he just just kept insisting "My hand is an ash tray!" Then lay back down and started snoring lol
He had no recollection of it at all!
Edited by lilmissmars, 20 December 2012 - 11:14 PM.
Posted 20 December 2012 - 11:15 PM
DH once said, "get out, there's an elephant in the tub"....I teased him about it for ages.
Another time he rabbited on about sausage rolls for a good couple of minutes.
And some years ago, he used to cut lawns and do landscaping, for 13 hours a day. One night, he was in bed asleep, moving his arms around like he was using a snipper lol.
Posted 20 December 2012 - 11:16 PM
I love to lead a sleep talker along, try to keep the conversation going and make them say random stuff. I love getting the chance to do this.
Posted 20 December 2012 - 11:16 PM
I'm buying a ute!"haha, DP only sleep talks every so often but I will always remember this from the early days, he is yet to purchase this style of vehicle .
For me, it was " That's not the Domino theory! its when smaller countries succumb to the influence and pull of a neighboring communist regime" 12 year old me at a sleep over, I still suffer that one haha couldn't have told you that at any other time, we were studying something slightly related, but weird eh.
Posted 20 December 2012 - 11:18 PM
QUOTE (MiSS_E @ 21/12/2012, 12:15 AM) <{POST_SNAPBACK}>
DH once said, "get out, there's an elephant in the tub"....I teased him about it for ages.
Absolute gold!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Posted 20 December 2012 - 11:23 PM
I record conversations I have with DP in his sleep from time to time. They are quite amusing
DP: "I need to go to Banana Face"
"A sandwich shop"
Must say however that I am one to act out my dreams, will be swatting spiders that are descending from the ceiling, tried to climb out a window etc
Edited by broncosbabe, 20 December 2012 - 11:34 PM.
Posted 20 December 2012 - 11:29 PM
DH talks in his sleep but I very rarely remember it in the morning.
One that I do remember is he was angry at me for stepping on his rivets. Apparently he had been putting rivets in the stairs at work and I stepped on one. Whoops
When I was a kid staying at my Auntie's for the holidays my Grandma and I shared a bed. In the night I asked her to get the sheep down out of the tree.
Posted 20 December 2012 - 11:41 PM
DD(11) was asleep a few weeks back and mumbled "and you'll be served light refreshments". It was hilarious.
Posted 21 December 2012 - 12:18 AM
DD (4yo and cosleeping) was snuggled into DH's back when she said, in a "horror movie" voice (all raspy) "it's not here...". DH said he was too sh*t scared to turn around and make sure it was her and not some horrible demon in the bed
Posted 21 December 2012 - 12:36 AM
"I want to watch The Lion King!" at the top of her voice at 4.30am yesterday morning
DP has started mumbling about Newton's law of physics in his sleep before. That's when I realised just how cool her really was
ETA Scarface claw that is hilarious!
Edited by Relish*, 21 December 2012 - 12:39 AM.
Posted 21 December 2012 - 12:46 AM
My Mum fell asleep on the couch once and started talking about balancing on telephone poles... we woke her up with our giggles!
Posted 21 December 2012 - 01:01 AM
My DH has action dreams, one morning at about 3am, I woke to a loud crash, turned over in time to see DH appearing from the floor next to the bed, apparently a guy in a bulldozer was trying to run him over and he commando rolled out of the way and off the bed, poor bugger hurt his back, I had to get his phone so he could ring his coordinator and let him know he couldn't go to work, I composed myself until he started recounting it on the phone, I lost it completely , so at 3.15am DH, his coordinator and myself are in stitches.
Posted 21 December 2012 - 01:31 AM
QUOTE (Cherubs @ 21/12/2012, 01:01 AM) <{POST_SNAPBACK}>
My DH has action dreams, one morning at about 3am, I woke to a loud crash, turned over in time to see DH appearing from the floor next to the bed, apparently a guy in a bulldozer was trying to run him over and he commando rolled out of the way and off the bed, poor bugger hurt his back, I had to get his phone so he could ring his coordinator and let him know he couldn't go to work, I composed myself until he started recounting it on the phone, I lost it completely , so at 3.15am DH, his coordinator and myself are in stitches.
Oh my god I laughed reading that.
Edited by Lalliana, 21 December 2012 - 01:41 AM.
Posted 21 December 2012 - 01:34 AM
DH often sleep talks and acts them out. One time he shouted out, quick get back Greg, while holding m back. He then rolled over and strangled the bedside lamp.
Just last night it was, it's ok you can come out now. He never remembers it.
Posted 21 December 2012 - 04:14 AM
A couple of weeks ago, during the new baby sleep deprivation, I would often doze off while laying down and BFing during the night... One night I woke up not remembering that I had put DD back in her bassinet and panicked I said 'where's the baby!!', DH answered several times 'she's in my pocket, she's in my pocket'.
Posted 21 December 2012 - 05:05 AM
DD (4yo and cosleeping) was snuggled into DH's back when she said, in a "horror movie" voice (all raspy) "it's not here...". DH said he was too sh*t scared to turn around and make sure it was her and not some horrible demon in the bed
Haha. My sister and I had a conversation with dad when he was asleep about the Spice Girls. We asked him which was his fave but he didn't know any of their names.
I'm a sleep talker at times. The funniest incident I remember is when I was a kid and I yelled out to my mum that my leg was sore. I was near crying about it apparently but when I woke up, my leg was fine. Mum didn't realise I was sleep talking at first because I was also clutching at my leg.
These days my lucky husband gets to engage with me in my nutty conversations. He likes playing along.
Posted 21 December 2012 - 05:43 AM
I sleep talk all the time, mostly its gibberish but apparently i once said 'dont take my pineapples' and another time it was something about monster men.
Posted 21 December 2012 - 05:47 AM
I walk as well as talk. Once I went out to the lounge room, opened the doors on the tv cabinet (under the tv) and started changing the channel. When asked what I was doing, responded in that 'well duh' voice, I'm getting a coffee mum!
I was 6, lol.
My 4 year old DD has said 'mum! Mum! (then in an almost whisper) there's a monkey in the shower
Posted 21 December 2012 - 06:00 AM
One night I was at the drive ins with DH and my friend, as usual he fell asleep. All of a sudden he started saying "I'm late for work, I'm late for work". He then started the car and went to put it in drive while I frantically dive over and turned the ignition off.
Posted 21 December 2012 - 06:05 AM
My DS laughs in his sleep. It's adorable.
My DH once insisted repeatedly that there was a rabbit in the bed - I actually had to get up and turn the light on before he'd calm down.
Posted 21 December 2012 - 06:09 AM
My DH sleep talks and sleep walks and has done some rather funny things in his sleep. He has episodes where he will act out his entire dream for more than an hour. He once mopped the entire house in his sleep. Once he was hunting for something, got a speed ball, dragged it back to bed and tried to eat it.
He once told me that in Africa monkeys get centerlink too and I was standing in the wrong line, I had to get out of the monkey line and into the human line.
One night he yelled out that he needed to get some pussy and take her home. I'm like , What??? and then he replied, well fireman don't get them out of trees anymore.
Last night he yelled out "I know the ad said the tug toner can be used anywhere like at home, in the car and in the office but I don't think I'd be using it while at church, that is just taking it a bit too far."
just before he went to sleep, he had watch this on facebook lol.
Edited by The 7 Dwarfs, 21 December 2012 - 06:20 AM.
Posted 21 December 2012 - 06:15 AM
My step mum carried on one night about crocodiles.
"Snappy little crocodiles"
"Snap, snap, little, little, snap, snap"
She had fallen asleep on the couch and my dad and I were howling with laughter!
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To reduce the size of upper arms, train the upper arms with both isolation and compound exercises using either body weight exercises or traditional training exercises. Eliminate upper arm flab by hitting the punching bag as it helps burn fat and tone muscles in that area. To get the best results, it is important to tighten daily diets and achieve overall weight loss.Know More
The upper arms are made of biceps, triceps and shoulder muscles. Strengthening these muscles enables you to lift objects with ease, increase endurance in the arms and protect the shoulders from injury. Exercises that work these muscles also help reduce flab. Some of the most effective exercises include bicep curls, triceps dips, ball tosses and arm circles.
According to Lean Curves, only use small amounts of weight when aiming to decrease arm size. Using heavy weights increases muscle mass. Instead,emphasize high reps per set, and include some cardio workouts to boost the heart rate and metabolism and help burn fat. Zumba is a common dance workout that aids weight loss and improves muscle tone. Surgical procedures such as liposuction can also be used to trim flab in extreme cases, but it is very expensive and carries considerable risk.Learn more about Human Anatomy
The torso refers to the entire body, both front and back, with the upper torso referring to the area between the stomach and the neck, and the chest refers to the front part of the body between the neck and the abdomen.. The chest only refers to the front of the upper part of the body and the upper torso refers to both the front and back of the upper part of the body.Full Answer >
Different investigations have estimated the human arm to weigh between 4.7 and 6.5 percent of a person's body weight. The weight of the human arm varies from person to person based on body weight, gender and other variables.Full Answer >
The sensation of numbness in the arm after sneezing is a common symptom of disk herniation in the neck. This numbing may be accompanied by tingling, pain or weakness in the same limb, according to Mayo Clinic.Full Answer >
The three bones in the human arm are the humerus, the ulna and the radius. The humerus comprises the upper arm from the shoulder joint to the elbow. The lower arm includes the ulna and radius, both running from the elbow to the wrist.Full Answer >


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Each Month a Surprise
Discovery Wine Packs
Introducing Discovery Wine Packs a fun selection of six different wine styles.
We are thrilled to introduce you to our new Discovery Wine Packs. Each month you will find a different selection of six wines carefully selected for you to try and enjoy. The wines will be ready and packaged together for you at the store making it easy for you to just run in and pick up our monthly selection for yourself or even as a great gift idea.
Each month you will also find a list of the wines included in the pack along with food pairing ideas for each wine in the collection.
Also make sure you are signed up for our Monthly Wines & Spirits Newsletter to make sure you are getting all of our most current information on products and events.
October Discovery Wine Bag $82.99
September Discovery Wine Bag $72.99
August Discovery Wine Bags
This is a very special month because we have TWO Discovery Wine bags for you to enjoy! They'll be available in-store on August 1st.
August Discovery Wine Bag $69.99 – click here to see the Tasting Notes
August 90+ Point Discovery Wine Bag $86.99 – this special Discovery wine bag contains only wines with a rating of 90 points or higher from Robert Parker or Wine Spectator – click here to see the Tasting Notes


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Thank you to everyone who supported the 24th Annual Pencil Country Classic Golf Tournament benefiting the Bedford County Child Development Center! Please Click on the photo below to view a short video from the Staff and Families of the CDC.
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Niles Y's Roseville, CA, USA
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Olive Garden
1160 Galleria Blvd
"one of the best salad"
Me and my wife were craving for a salad so after church we decided to go to--- where else but to Oli...
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6706 Stanford Ranch Road
"healthy food"
I like their fish tacos and my wife loves their salad... we also had something with a rice and some ...
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Black Bear Diner
6700 Stanford Ranch Rd
"good breakfast"
After doing some walking exercise, me and my wife decided to eat breakfast here since we were alread...
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Olive Garden
1160 Galleria Blvd
"fun night"
It was their food that I like, I ordered seafood pasta and I love it. We had a fun night because of ...
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The Cheesecake Factory
1127 Galleria Blvd
"excellent service, good food..."
I was there thu 07 Nov 13 around 1705-1830H with my two female friends. Our server as was Natalie an...
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Yard House
1166 Roseville Parkway
"Lousy service"
Everything was great, the food, beer, ambiance, price, location... except for the lousy service cour...
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The Puck Drops Thursday!
Oct 4th
So let's hear it NHL fans… who's ready for some hockey?
The countdown finally begins for hockey fans across the nation (well… 2 nations actually)! With 5 games being played Thursday, October 7, 2010, and teams battling it out the rest of the weekend, the season is so close we can almost touch it!
Long-standing (and bitter) rivalries remain at the forefront and we can only hope for (and expect) great battles, must-see match-ups, weekly surprises and gratifying revenge! New players suiting up for the first time and longtime favorites in different colors, this season promises to be spectacular… after all, it More >
Don't Let a Football Fan Call Hockey Boring!
Sep 14th
The Clash of the Titans: America's pastime versus your favorite sport
The next time your football fan friends talk about how boring hockey is, point them to the Wall Street Journal study conducted earlier this year that cites that the typical football game includes only about 11 minutes of action (even less if you're a Detroit Lions fan). The study timed the action of the broadcasts for four games on four networks on one weekend in late December and broke down every frame from hike to whistle. The games included the Buffalo Bills vs. Atlanta Falcons (CBS), Dallas Cowboys vs. Washington More >
Icing Rule Explained
Sep 10th
Hockey is a game of tremendous speed and constant contact. It's also a game of strategies and techniques that can give a team an advantage. But these strategies are not always without consequence. The three major NHL rules that limit the movement of the puck are icing, off-side, and out-of-play. For now, we'll concentrate on icing.
- What exactly is icing?
Basically, icing is a tactic whereby a player on his own side of the red line dumps the puck to the end of the ice from behind the center ice red line. If the puck crosses the opposing goal line untouched, More >
Chris Chelios Retires After Nearly 30 Years
Sep 1st
A career spanning nearly three decades is quite a feat in the sports world!
The 48-year old Chris Chelios, who was drafted in the second round by the Montreal Canadiens in 1981, has decided to hang up his skates for good. The longest-tenured defenseman in NHL history made the announcement at a news conference on Tuesday.
The defenseman ends a dynamic career, leaving with 26 NHL seasons, three Stanley Cups and three Norris Trophies… Not to mention 185 goals and 763 assists. Beyond the NHL, Chelios has represented the United States in four Olympic games, three Canada Cups and two World Cup More >
MonkeySports Superstore Opening in Woodbridge, NJ!
Aug 27th
Posted by HockeyMonkey.com in Equipment
Finally! It's almost here the MonkeySports Superstore will be opening in Woodbridge, NJ in September. We started our first MonkeySports Superstore in 1999 in Santa Ana, CA. Our stores are dedicated to providing great customer experiences, great prices and the best products to players and teams who demand quality equipment. If you live in or near Woodbridge you won't be dissappointed. Stop in and see the new store!
Monkeysports Superstore (NJ) 1500 Route 9 North Woodbridge, NJ 07095 Store phone number: 732.634.1446#gallery-1 { margin: auto; } #gallery-1 .gallery-item { float: left; margin-top: 10px; text-align: center; width: 50%; } #gallery-1 img { More >
How to Tape Your Hockey Stick Blade
Aug 25th
What does tape do? The easiest and most effective thing you can do to prolong the life of your hockey stick blades is to tape and wax them very well. Since you naturally lose grip on the puck if your blades are wet, taping the blade of your stick prevents moisture from building up on the blade and keeps the puck from sliding off.
How to Tape a Hockey Stick Blade Decide whether you prefer to tape from toe-to-heal (more resistance) or heal-to-toe (less resistance). There's no right or wrong way. Wind the tape around the blade, overlapping layers by about half the More >
Tomas Kaberle returns as a Maple Leaf
Aug 16th
Tomas Kaberle returns as a Maple Leaf for his 12th NHL season as the trade window closed Sunday night.
The hockey world has been holding it's collective breath for Toronto's decision regarding Tomas Kaberle. The Sunday night deadline came and went without official word, leaving Kaberle a Maple Leaf for the time being. The Leafs had until midnight on Sunday to trade Kaberle, at which point his no-trade clause returned.
Toronto general manager Brian Burke gave an exclusive statement via the team's official website after the trade window closed: "The hockey club confirms this evening that Tomas Kaberle remains a Leaf. While a More >
Why Players "Bake" Their Skates
Aug 9th
Finding a pair of ice hockey skates that fit perfectly right from the store is rare indeed. Since feet are naturally different, it stands to reason that skates will fit differently from person to person. Hockey skates are made to be stiff and supportive but can be uncomfortable when they haven't been broken in. Break-in time varies from model to model but typically takes between 6 to 10 hours of hard skating.
Skates are typically made with a memory foam that conforms to your foot over time, resulting in the "perfect" fit. This thermo-formable foam responds to heat and becomes soft More >
Marty Turco signs with the Chicago Blackhawks
Aug 2nd
Chicago Blackhawks have signed Marty Turco to a one-year/$1.3 million contract.
Negotiations between goaltender Antti Niemi and the Chicago Blackhawks have reached the end. With the Blackhawks desperate to stay under the salary cap, it was decided that Niemi's one-year/$2.75 million contract (awarded in arbitration) was just too much for them to afford.
The focus turned to Marty Turco, who at half the cost of Niemi, seemed a sweeter deal for the team. The Blackhawks are hoping that Turco's 22-20-11 record last season will improve with Chicago's superior defense.Tweet
Finding the Right Hockey Stick Flex For You
Jul 28th
So what is a hockey stick flex anyway? A flex is a measure of how flexible or how stiff a hockey stick is when force is applied to it. Since the flex rating indicates how many pounds of force it takes to flex the stick one inch, you should know that some sticks are significantly easier to bend than others. Finding the right flex is somewhat of a preference based on skill level. The appropriate flex varies among players, so you'll want to try out different options.
The higher the flex, the stiffer the stick. The stiffer the stick, the more More >


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Time to lock in mortgage rates?
Chris Farrell
Jan 5, 2012 I bought a condo in Bozeman, Mont., 7 years ago using a 5/1 ARM. When the 5-year period ended, I let it roll over into a 1-year ARM because the rate went down from 4.5 to 3.25. Then, last year, I did the same -- only from 3.25 to 3 percent. Come March, the 1-year period will expire again and I wonder if I should let this happen again, since rates will probably be low. Or should I bite the bullet, pay approximately $2,500 in closing costs to lock in a low rate for 15 or 30 years, but make higher payments? (My payments are ridiculously low.) Cindy, West Yellowstone, MT
Mortgage lenders foot bill for payroll cut extension
John Dimsdale
Dec 23, 2011 Mortgage lenders will pay higher fees to Fannie and Freddie to guarantee their loans. That pays for the extension of the payroll tax cut.
When to get aggressive with the mortgage paydown
Chris Farrell
Dec 15, 2011 My question is, if your mortgage rate is higher than what you could expect from investing, wouldn't it make more sense to pay on the mortgage? This is almost the same as the concept of paying off the credit card with the highest rate first. What are your thoughts on this? John, Rapid City, SD
Checking in on the Bond Market
David Brancaccio
Jan 11, 2012 Lots of not-so-terrible news was enough to put markets in positive territory today, but not by much. It gives us a chance to take a step back and talk about something different. Bonds.
Stick with low risk
Chris Farrell
Nov 21, 2011 Our primary aim is to have a deposit for a house in 3 years. We have saved a reasonable sum of money but did not want it to linger in a current or savings account for 0.75%. We are deciding either investing at low risk or paying off mortgage. We have to sell our current house to buy a new house. My mortgage rate is 4.99%, so after tax rebate it is about 3.99%. Most investing opportunities are giving us about 2% at low risk and 3-5% at medium risk. After tax one would have to take another 1.25% off the return. We would like some advice. Thanks, Tom and Anne, Boston, MA
A mortgage conundrum
Chris Farrell
Nov 16, 2011 A question about mortgage refinancing.
Pay off mortgage -- or wait?
Chris Farrell
Nov 14, 2011 A question about when to pay off your mortgage.
Can't pay your mortgage? Get your house painted as a billboard
Bob Moon
Sep 21, 2011 If you're looking for a sure way to alienate your neighbors, a fledgling advertising firm based in Southern California just launched this...
MID-DAY UPDATE: Obama defends efforts in Libya, home prices continue to decline
Katharine Crnko
Mar 29, 2011 Here are the latest headlines from the Marketplace Morning Report and around the web....
MID-DAY UPDATE: Egypt stock markets reopen, more water warnings in Tokyo
Katharine Crnko
Mar 23, 2011 Tokyo health officials said today radiation levels are higher in the water supply there. Those officials are recommending people not give tap wat...


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...Free airport shuttle to Orange County - John Wayne Airport Outdoor heated pool, spa and tennis court surrounded by tropical gardens Rooms Each of the rooms at the Radisson Hotel Newport Beach... More
Minutes away from sun-drenched beaches and world-class shopping and nightlife, this AAA Four Diamond hotel in Orange County is conveniently located near Los Angeles and San Diego. The emphasis is... More
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When you're looking for flights from Santa Rosa, CA, use Orbitz.com to find some of the best low-cost flights and fares around. Flights from Santa Rose leave from Charles M. Schulz Sonoma County Airport. The airport is named after Charles M. Schulz, the Peanuts Gang creator, who lived and worked here for 30 years. The airport is located a little over six miles northwest of the center of Santa Rosa. Alaska Airlines is the only carrier at the airport, and it provides service up and down the coast to Seattle, Portland, Los Angeles and San Diego.
You can take a taxi from Santa Rosa to the airport. George's Taxi and Sam's Taxi are two popular cab services in town. There is also the Sonoma County Airport Express bus that goes into town. Cash and checks are the only currency accepted on-board, but you can buy your ticket online in advance with a credit card.
The parking lots are within walking distance to the terminal. Short-term parking at the airport is $1.00 per 30 minutes and $12 maximum for 24 hours. The long-term parking rate is $9 per 24 hours.
If you have an early morning flight out of the airport, there's a Starbucks in the terminal that opens at 5:00 a.m. from Monday to Sunday. The Sky Lounge Steak House and Sushi Bar opens at 7:30 a.m. every day. Instead of hunting for sales, book your flights from Santa Rosa through Orbitz.com so that you can save your money for enjoying the area's vineyards.
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The Orange County Transit Authority operates buses that service the airport. Bus fare costs $1.50. The Disneyland Resort Express is a complimentary shuttle service that transports guests staying at one of the Disneyland Resorts to and from the airport. Taxicabs also service the airport. The cabs operate on metered fares. The service costs $2.95 for the first quarter mile and $.65 for each additional quarter mile. If you want to have your own transportation, Orbitz.com can book you a rental car. The airport has on-site rental car services. You pick up your vehicle in the lower level of Terminals A and B.
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