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This section provides detailed information about different types of website content and instructions, recommendations and rules to be followed during the creation and maintenance of a website's content and structure.
The definition of a website's content and how that content is structured, internally and externally, is a key element in determining the effectiveness and maintainability of the site. This section describes the elements of information architecture relevant to website content and structure as well as providing detailed and practical information on the activities required to be carried out in order to systematically produce an effective, useful and maintainable website.
The purpose of this section is to present some examples of typical and important kinds of content suitable for publication on the Web. Many of us are faced with the obligation of publishing unsuitable texts for the Web on a daily basis and in formats that are not user-friendly. Remember: if you have to publish a text in a format or of content that is traditionally not suitable for the Web, at least try to introduce it with text that is.
If you want to include any other types of content in your website and it is not described in this section, it means that it most certainly needs to be introduced by one type that is describe in this section.
The central theme of your site must be explored from all angles, above and beyond the Commission or the DG's structure, if it is to provide added value for the user. In relation to your target audience and the complexity of content, the thematic approach and paradigm of navigation will have to be defined.
The role of the site vis-à-vis the policy or activity in question should be decided. And the architecture as well as a map of the site should be drawn. Once available, the thematic site map should be submitted to the Editorial Committee of EUROPA and the Ceiii, if its character is interinstitutional, so as to make sure that the project does not overlap with other sites in preparation and that all relevant DGs are involved.
More links on organisational aspects in the Planning chapter.
An editorial policy is indispensable for your site. It should provide authors and editors with guidance on how to handle the content of the site on the basis of its objective and mission and of the demands of its target audience.
On the basis of this policy, guidelines on editorial style and content authorisation procedures can be drawn up and distributed to everyone who is adding content to the site. This will guarantee a coherent presentation of information within the site. Editorial style will also have to be individually adapted to the target audience and to the degree of specialisation of each level of the site.
Write for your readers! Writing for the Web differs from writing for printed publications and content cannot simply be transferred from paper to net without being adjusted. Texts should be short and concise and navigation to related text obvious and quick.
In summary, the editorial policy must provide the online providers/editors with guidance on:
For more information on writing for the Web, please check the following sources:
The aim of this step is to establish a complete inventory of all the generic sites, pages, documents, services on EUROPA and other sites (Member States government sites, government sites outside of European Union, etc.) relative to the theme in question. This inventory could be done by the content providers (authors) and it has to be approved by the site's Editorial Board.
Inventory methods:
Manual method based on the knowledge of different experts in order to identify the information regarding the theme.
Existing content must be carefully considered and possibly revised before it can be recycled onto your site. Since existing content will probably be dispersed over different sites, decisions will have to be made as to the level of integration of that content into the site (i.e. whether to host it directly on the site or make it accessible via a link).
Whenever content is integrated via a link, consider if a new introductory text is needed. If the target site is well structured and has been constructed using the CWCM, you may be able to reuse some of its content for providing this introductory text. Please keep in mind that several layers of navigational pages between the home page and the content might be frustrating to the users.
Much of the time, content only refers to text. But images, graphics, tables, audio and video are also types of content. These different content types should work together to fulfil a single content requirement.
Whether it is to introduce and explain a series of links or to fill the content gaps that may emerge from the inventory of existing content, your site is most likely to need new content. Editing new texts is one of the most delicate stages of the site creation. Not only must the texts respect the rules for web writing and be fine-tuned to the specific target audience, but they also must be approved by all the relevant DGs and services.
The navigation paradigm can be described as the imminent logic of your site. It should aim at presenting information in a way that is intuitively comprehensible for the user/reader. This is not an easy task in the creation of a multilingual and multicultural site.
You can start by creating a graphic presenting the structure of the site (usually a hierarchy) and use it to discuss the site navigation structure with the team. Try to imagine how to make the site more usable maybe by providing search boxes, context-sensitive help, breadcrumbs, indexes, site maps, navigation bars and structured menus.
How users will navigate around the site and discover the content they are looking for? You can for example choose a topical structure of your content or a structure with respect to life events. A topical structure for a service sites such as an eGovernment would for instance have the sections: employment, residency, taxation, etc. A structure following life events would have sections, such as 'finding a job', 'building a house', 'the tax return exercise', etc., i.e. all information necessary for an administrative event in your life to happen. The so-called matrix structure is useful for enabling users with different needs to navigate through the same content. For some example, some users would like to look for a document by its topic, its year of publication, its author, etc. As to the hierarchical structure (also so-called tree structure), the information gets more and more detailed level after level.
Try to understand the users of your site, the way they work and the way they think. Remember that the navigation scheme should not be too realistic either. In fact, sometimes this approach only confuses users instead of helping them. It is more important that the navigation is consistent throughout the site.
Remember that you will see the "global, top view", but the people navigating your product will probably not. Even if you provide people with a map, they rather spend most of their time attending to the content of the site, not to the map. So while making your site map, try to represent the complex structure as clearly as possible. Always provide a single page that gives a visual and textual representation or overview of the entire site and which allows users to navigate directly from this representation.
Europa should provide users with the web content they need either in their own language or in a language they can understand.
Content should be published in all official EU languages:
In other cases, the range of languages should be evidence-based and chosen according to:
Content for a specialist audience may be in published in just a few languages, or even just one. This includes:
News and other urgent but short-lived content can be published in one language first (taking account of target audience) with other languages added later – provided it is still of interest.
Think about which pages users are likely to land on as they look for the information they want. Make sure they can find all the information relevant to their needs in the same language.
Don't use more than one language on a page except in very specific cases, e.g. news content available only in one language combined with static multilingual content.
Email DGT or call them on +32 229-55566 for advice on which languages to publish in.
Please let the translators know what audience you are running the website for so that they can adapt the translation style accordingly. Some languages make distinctions between younger/older, general/specialist ... audiences.
Information specific to one language or country often needs localisation, i.e. customisation for the specific language community concerned. Translators will have to adapt this kind of information for the language community they are addressing. For convenience, avoid local references where possible, especially if you are not intending to put your text onto your site in every official language.
If you need to localise, please always notify translators in advance which parts of your content have been localised.
How to proceed? Two possibilities:
If you just need to replace a language or country name with that of the target audience, you can ask the translator to do it for you.
Write addresses in their original language where possible and not in the language of your document. The same applies to proper names. It is rather difficult and time-consuming for a translator to find out the original name of a company, an organisation or a brand. The best approach is to give both, a description combined with the proper name.
Describe link contents rather than giving proper website names only. Remember that what is common sense in one language area can be completely unknown in another. Example: "Bundestag" could read "German Parliament (Bundestag)" or Bundestag (German Parliament).
Keep it short and simple. Remember that each page may be translated into over twenty-three languages, which will multiply any shortcomings (errors, excessive amounts of text, etc.) by the same factor. See the IPG recommendations on web writing or any of these style guides).
Some recommendations for working with multilingual websites:
Email DGT or call them on +32 229-55566 for advice on for advice on multilingual publishing.
On EUROPA, the main aspect and purpose of any splash page will always be the choice of language - and the number of languages offered will probably influence the user's first impression.
A study on multilingual splash pages [1.15MB](ordered by the Publications Office) contains a number of recommendations and standards, while some examples of multilingual splash pages can be found at:
Quick overview? See below the checklist for writing a web page.
People are much more likely to find your pages through search engines if the following are short, meaningful, and include keywords (at the beginning):
When writing web content, there are 3 basic principles to keep in mind:
Before writing anything, answer these questions:
For every passage you write, think:
I am writing this so that [my target audience] can do [task X, Y, Z, etc.].
You will have business goals in writing your text, but these must map onto some feasible need or interest of your target audience. You text should be useful and usable – not simply information in a void. What do you want your audience to do, having read your text?
How to write useful web text
And how not to do it…
Web texts are very different to print documents – and users expect content to be presented and written differently.
Generally the style is more informal and conversational than the legal/administrative style we are used to from much of our everyday working texts.
More on clear phrasing.
We cannot assume the public know as much about EU concepts (and terminology) as EU officials do. So texts for the public need to use words ordinary people understand.
P erspective
It is important to phrase concepts from your reader's perspective.
Obviously we need to use technical terms (jargon) used in the field of expertise concerned. But there are many other words around these that we can change, to give a text a simple, conversational style overall.
Studies have shown that this works best, even for experts – there is no need to reproduce an academic or formal style, for notional reasons of credibility.
Especially since many experts will be reading in a language that is not their own.
And while subject experts know their own field-specific technical terms, they are not guaranteed to be familiar with the extra layer of jargon, unique to Brussels:
WHY is clear phrasing important?
It's not just a question of style:
"Clear and simple language" is a WAI requirement. The Commission has committed itself to these internationally-recognised standards in COM(2001) 529 .
Avoid the easy, running style we use for print documents – instead aim for spare and functional prose that makes every word count.
More on keeping it short.
WHY keep it short?
How you can keep your site fresh and attractive and encourage readers to visit regularly.
On the home page, tell visitors who you are, show them how you've organised your site, tell them about updates and give them a way to interact (sign up for a newsletter or other notification service).
Add links to related content – on either your site or sites of other organisations.
Try to guide readers to information they might want/need by asking: what else might they want to know? More background on the subject? More about us (link to our site's "About Us" page)? Other questions?
Commission sites are mainly content (text) based. Images, audio and video files can make them better looking, but for a legislative/policy-making organisation, content quality and presentation are all-important.
Whatever you do, do NOT publish low-quality texts just for the sake of "having something on our site".
Ways to keep your content fresh for readers:
Users want up-to-the minute information, so update regularly and thoroughly - delete or archive old material, correct dead links and check your content to make sure it reflects changes and new events.
Maintaining a website properly takes time. So when you plan your site, keep in mind that a relatively small site with up-to-date content is much better than many long and outdated pages.
You will also need procedures for senior management to quickly - but thoroughly - check and approve material to be published.
Depending on the type of site, you might need to look at it every hour, day, week or month. The absolute minimum should be a twice a year.
So apart from the initial cost (man hours/outside resources, etc.) of creating your site, allow for regular additional costs/resources for its upkeep. It will depend on the type of site and information presented, subject area, political importance, etc.
In print, a document forms a whole and the user is focused on the entire set of information. On the Web, you need to split documents into multiple hyperlinked pages as users want to jump to the specific content they are interested in.
Use hypertext links to move less important – or more detailed - material from top-level pages to secondary pages, thus making the primary pages even shorter.
Readers are more likely to read the main pages of your site than the whole site, so that is where you should present the basic information.
Organise your text so the hierarchy is no deeper than 3 levels.
Users can enter a site at any page and move between pages as they choose, so make every page independent. Explain its topic without assumptions about what page(s) the user has already seen.
Websites have the flexibility to provide content in a variety of sizes and to let visitors choose the amount of information that will satisfy them: a bite, snack or meal.
Bite - a heading with a message, written attractively so as to entice readers to the fuller text (the meal).
Snack - a concise summary (2 or 3 sentences), underneath the heading – more information than a bite but not the full meal.
Meal - the detailed content. This can be presented either on the same page as the heading and summary or linked to on another page
Unlike printed pages, the success of a site greatly depends on visual presentation.
While graphic design (use of colours, images, etc.) is an important factor, how you write text content (layout, style) has a big impact. Screens filled with large blocks of dense text or using inaccessible, incorrect or clumsy language, especially in prominent positions (headings, etc.) create a very bad impression on the Web.
Uncluttered screens with plenty of white space are most restful to the eye and visually more attractive. And they are more likely to convey your key information effectively by not drowning it in a sea of detail – so make your content short and concise.
Also try to vary paragraph lengths, so readers can tell them apart and thus find their way as the page scrolls down.
Readers rarely see a whole page together and different browsers can display different proportions of it. It is not easy to control the visual appearance of a text. First test the technology, to see what it can deliver to the user, and then adjust the writing accordingly.
Print documents build logically from premise to conclusions. Web pages, however, should start with the most important information for readers. The remaining information should follow in descending order of importance.
Around 50% of all web readers don't bother to even scroll down once - you have to catch their attention and convey your message in the first words they read, at the top of the page.
More people are viewing web pages on small screens (e.g. mobile phones, other handheld devices). So there is even more need to squeeze in your key message as succinctly and early as possible.
Studies have shown that readers' eyes usually rest first in the upper left of the page, then move slowly to the right. Only after scanning the top of the page for some time do their eyes explore further down.
The graphic below shows the zones of importance. While each site is different, you might look at your own website and see what content you have in which zones.
Source: The best of Eyetrack III - what we saw when we looked through their eyes, by Steve Outing and Laura Ruel
People do not read web pages word by word. Instead, they scan them, running their eyes down a screen to pick out individual words and sentences, looking for material relevant to their needs.
Search engines read text similarly, algorithmically scanning for those words that describe the page's subject better than others. So they give more weight to words that are differentiated from the main text, e.g. bolded or in bulleted lists.
Break up text as much as possible to help your readers (and search engines) scan:
How to highlight
Using tables (more visual and much less text)
Text version (84 words)
On 1 January 2006, three contribution classes were introduced for statutory accident and sickness insurance with different contribution levels for employers. Employers in the first contribution class for statutory accident and sickness insurance have to pay a contribution of 31.7%. Employers in the second contribution class have to pay a contribution of 31.11%. Employers who do not fall within the first or second contribution class belong to the third class for accident and sickness insurance and are required to pay a contribution of 30.98%.
Table version (30 words)
On 1 January 2006, three contribution classes were introduced for statutory accident and sickness insurance, with different contribution levels for employers.
Employer contribution
Typographic practices to avoid
Create a consistent look and feel, integrating images and text (see Design chapter).
Headings help people:
Make the top heading on the page an H1, with subheadings H2 and lower. If you do not use these formats for your headings, they will not be recognised by search engines.
For search engines, H1 headings are the single most important piece of on-page text. Lower-level headings - H2, H3, etc. - also influence search engines.
Because readers scan webpages rather than reading every word, headings are important signposts to help them find their way around a page. Headings are read 5 times more than body text.
Web texts should therefore have many more headings than print documents – even one heading for every paragraph may not be too much.
Headings should:
The Commission's existing framework
(in a page on ethics in the Commission)
Ethics at the Commission
(includes specific subject words)
(in a page on press accreditation)
How accreditation is granted
(expresses a meaningful task for readers)
Your Internet - Your choice
(too much slogan and general)
PC users free to choose web browsers
(uses concrete subject words so readers will instantly understand)
Web readers need help finding their way around a site. This is the job of menus and links. Linking is the quickest way to get the user to the most relevant information.
Think carefully about the likely visitors to your site and how you can organise and write each menu item to make navigation as easy as possible for them.
Like tables of contents, menus should give the contents of your site a meaningful structure. Write menus to reflect this structure. Help visitors understand this by using hierarchies and organising your content in the simplest and most logical order – especially since you never know the order in which it will be read by the user.
Write individual menus so that:
When objects are in groups, people remember them more accurately. Grouping helps people understand how your menu is organised, find what they want more easily and recall the organisation of your site more accurately later.
One way to group items is to create a range from the familiar to the unfamiliar, from general to specific and from most commonly used to least.
Grouping headings into menus and submenus creates a hierarchy. In general, a good hierarchy helps people store and remember incoming information, because people organise the information in their long-term memories in hierarchies.
Group information items at various levels and provide clues in your writing as to why you organised the items in this way.
To avoid confusing readers with too many pages at different levels, try to ensure your hierarchy is no deeper than four levels.
To help visitors follow their own trail, offer them multiple menus leading to the same low-level items. People usually come to your site with different purposes, tasks and mindsets - you can support them by putting the same heading in more than one menu. Such menus can also offer different perspectives on your content.
Nobody will be entering these terms in a search or skim-reading a page for them.
For information on EU fisheries policy, click here
Information on EU fisheries policy
|EU fisheries policy - More
|More on EU fisheries policy
Unless you're promoting a particular site address, standard practice is to write a meaningful, descriptive label for your links.
For more information, see the EU tax and customs home page: http://ec.europa.eu/taxation_customs/index_en.htm
For more information, go to the
EU tax and customs site
Link labels should be a specific indication of the content the reader will find by clicking (don't mislead and waste their time). And search engines look especially for keywords in links.
Multilingualism – education sector
Language courses/schools
Concrete words that potential students are likely to recognise instantly / search with.
|Commission communication on customs and trade
"COM(2003) 452" is a keyword only a tiny number of experts might know.
Commission communication on customs and trade - COM(2003) 452
Including the subject keywords "customs and trade" gives your link much broader meaning.
Don't slavishly mirror the heading on the underlying page. If this is unsuitable for use as a link label (too long, unclear, etc.), it's okay to rephrase it in your link label.
|(heading on page linked to)
|(link label pointing to it)
Detailed explanation of the different types of public works contract
Public works contract types
European Neighbourhood and Partnership Instrument
Programmes in EU's southern/eastern neighbours
Explains underlying content better for non-experts - "EU neighbourhood" concept not widely known.
Link labels must make sense if used out of context, e.g. in other locations, on outside websites, etc.
Energy saving
(too general)
EU energy-saving projects
Overview of the EU's relations with Iceland
EU-Iceland relations
Experiences in the Use of Country Environmental Profiles in the context of Environmental Integration in EC Development Co-operation Programming
Environmental profiling in EU development programmes
For more information, see the Commission's research framework programme
More on EU research funding
Traditional print texts that we may use as source material for writing webpages contain lots of redundant wording that isn't needed on the web. Here are some tips on text length and how to cut words.
Most of the figures in this table are ceilings (absolute maximums) – not targets to attain.
The rule is always the shorter, the better.
Web page element (all character figures include spaces)
Picture caption
± 120ch (±15 words in English)
<Title> tag
± 70ch (8 -10 words in English)
± 60ch (8 words in English – ideally 4)
120-160ch (15-20 words in English)
320-560ch (40-70 words in English)
Body text
± 2 150ch (350 words in English)
In terms of screens, a web page should ideally be no longer than 4, though this might vary if the page contains tables or large graphics.
No need to spell out the full official titles of people, bodies, laws, agreements and other documents, etc.
Use only the key words/concepts readers need to understand. These should preferably be the words they enter in search engines. And if you can make the name a link, this will take people to the full official title if they need it.
UNESCO Convention on the Promotion and Protection of Cultural Expression
UNESCO convention on cultural expression
|Minister for Financial Affairs
|Finance minister
|Ministry for Social Security, Generations and Consumer Protection
Social security ministry
(in texts mainly about social security - just use the relevant part of the title
Laws, official documents, programmes, etc.
Regulation (EC) No 689/2007 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 21 March 2007 establishing and amending the rules on data protection
EU regulation 689/2007 on data protection
|White paper on environmental protection
|environment white paper
|In 2002 the Council and the European Parliament adopted a Regulation establishing the European solidarity fund.
|In 2002 the EU decided to set up a European solidarity fund
The Copenhagen summit on 12 June 2005
The 2005 Copenhagen summit
EU initiatives aimed at protecting human health from the risks which may be caused by dangerous chemical substances
EU initiatives to protect people from dangerous chemicals.
Where the Commission's services make representations to the authorities of the Member State against which the complaint has been made, they will abide by the choice you have made regarding disclosure of your identity. Where you have not indicated your choice, the Commission's services will presume that you have opted for confidential treatment.
If we have to contact the authorities you complained about, we will keep your identity confidential unless
you state otherwise.
It is often the case that a complaint is sent…
Complaints are often sent…
The first thing to keep in mind is that you must update your pages regularly …
You must update your pages regularly …
quantities - in the majority/number of cases, a large proportion of, low level/amount/volume/extent of, a total of
many, some, few or most
time phrases - at (the) present (time) / at an early date / in the near future / in the 2008-10 period, period of time / on a monthly basis
now / soon / in 2008-10 / monthly, every month
The participants have recognised that […] dialogue between these cultures […] is an essential factor in bringing their peoples closer, promoting understanding between them and improving their perception of each other.
It's enough to simply say e.g. "Dialogue between cultures brings people closer".
|Dialogue and respect between cultures and religions are a necessary pre-condition for bringing the people closer. The mass media can play an important role in the reciprocal recognition and understanding of cultures as a source of mutual enrichment.
|The original passage says essentially the same thing about 7 times!
When the "European Economic Area Treaty" (EEA Treaty) came into force on 1st January 1994, and Austria joined the European Union (EU) on 1st January 1995, secondary EC law also took effect in the area of social security (included in this are, in particular, Regulations 1408/71 and 574/72 relative to social security provision for migrant workers).
Social security in Austria is now also covered by EU law (in particular regulations 1408/71 and 574/72 on social security provision for migrant workers).
"Now" is what interests readers - not intricate historical details.
If you are using source texts to create your pages, rewrite them to make them concise and scannable. If you can't or don't have the time, but still want to place a long text online, it should be in a downloadable/printable format (e.g. PDF) and not just converted into a long scrolling web page (HTML or XML file).
Readers usually prefer to print long texts, for various reasons:
Show that it a file is downloadable by placing the appropriate icon next to it. Display the file size, so users can assess the download time before clicking. A brief summary of the file's contents will also help users decide whether they want to read it.
You may speak English very well, but it is easy to make small mistakes when writing in English. These kinds of mistakes can annoy or mislead your readers.
It's not just about using correct grammar or having readable content: your texts should use words that native speakers use when searching for information; otherwise less people will find your page.
Get your work checked by a native speaker or try the DGT's native speaker web editing service.
... unless writing exclusively for experts in the field. If your text is understandable only to insiders, it will exclude large numbers of potential readers.
If you have to use jargon, then at least explain what it means the first time you use it.
For a list of tips, see
These are words in two languages that look or sound familiar but have different meanings. See some examples of false friends.
Explain an acronym the first time you use it. Search engine users may look for the acronym or words from its full name so include both to increase their chances of finding your page. However, using acronyms too much could alienate non-specialist readers so there are other ways of shortening long names.
European Centre for the Development of Vocational Training (or, after the first mention, simply "the Centre")
Complaints may be submitted to the Commission in writing
You can submit a complaint to the Commission in writing
Address readers directly by using "you" - this is more engaging and more personally.
Complainants must quote the case number of the complaint in any correspondence
Please mention your complaint number every time you write to us
Similarly, consistent reference to ourselves in the third person seems self-important and can be misleading by giving the impression that there is a third party involved.
If the Commission considers that there may be an infringement of Community law which warrants the opening of an infringement procedure, it addresses a "letter of formal notice" to the Member State concerned, requesting it to submit its observations by a specified date.
If we believe the breach may have been severe enough to justify us taking formal action, we will formally notify the authorities concerned in writing (in a "letter of formal notice"), asking them to respond by a certain deadline
Using simple words should not be seen as dumbing down but rather ensuring that we don't overestimate readers' knowledge.
employment opportunities
investing in human capital
(workforce) training / improving (workers') skills / training and education
The President decides on the internal organisation of the Commission
The President decides how the Commission's work is organised
Since the accession of Poland to the EU
Since Poland joined the EU
These can often make the sentence difficult to understand (especially when double negatives are used.
for not less than one year
for at least a year
… if they have not lost their entitlement to vote in their country of origin
… if they are still entitled to vote in their country of origin
does not comply with
This makes text seem self‑important and is harder to read. All of the following are quite acceptable:
Documents, policy areas
environment white paper, information society
Titles of programmes, events, bodies
European year of equal opportunities, 7th research framework programme, environment summit / conference, German presidency, delegation
The general aim should be no more than one subordinate clause per sentence. But for readability, including some longer sentences is best. The main thing to avoid is text with mostly long and complex sentences.
Captions draw a reader's eye, so use them to add an extra layer of information or highlight a point from the main text.
|X, Y and Z at the summit
X, Y and Z discuss the breakthrough on EU emissions trading
Simply creating and uploading content is not enough. To be sure it will be found and read by as many users as possible, you need to:
There are several ways to facilitate the navigation of users in a site, that's why the creation of added-value pages is encouraged. These tools are situated on the horizontal toolbar on the template.
Providing ways to access information improves both the accessibility and usability of information. All people attempt to find information in one of several different ways.
The search is a mandatory tool (it is possible to customise a specific tool, otherwise the webmaster must link to the general europa.eu search engine).
If a site is large, providing a search function allows users to access information quickly.
The user will use the search button when he has a word or phrase that he wants to search for on the site. The search button appears on each page of the site.
With a specific "What's new" page, the user has unique access to all recent news/changes of the site. Webmasters are also encouraged to use RSS feeds to send the information to the user.
Examples Eurostat website
An alphabetical repository of collected links and information. The index, also contained in the very top tool bar of the site, is an A-Z listing of most of the pages on the website, choosing a letter from the menu reveals all the pages listed for that letter.
Example: Commission A-Z index
To get an overall view of the site you can use the site map.
A site map is a web page that lists the pages on a website, typically organised in hierarchical way (categories and subcategories of information which are connected to each other). This tool provides users with a way of visualising the site's structure.
The site map can be used like a table of contents in a book to give you an overview of the contents and structure of the site. Each of these is selectable to take you to that part of the site directly. The site map button appears on each page of the site.
Example: Commission site map
List of answers to some frequently asked questions. Some questions that webmasters often receive can become a good FAQ section. The questions can mention what type of information the site gives, technical explanations, changes on the site, statistics (number of pages), languages covered, future developments on the site, contact information, etc. If there are several questions, it is better to regroup them in categories.
Some examples: EUROPA FAQs, Eur-Lex FAQs
For a complete list of tools, please consult Service tools chapter.
If internet users don't have a link to your site (sent to them in an e-mail, saved in their favourites or just posted on another site), they will almost certainly be reliant on search engines to find it. Therefore it is essential to optimise your content for search engines as you write.
The goal is to ensure that your site appears in the first page of search results - the only one that counts, as users rarely look past this page. In fact, few look past the first five results on that page.
Optimising your web pages for search engines can help your content reach many more people than it otherwise might.
If you need to reach beyond your core audience - people already familiar with your site or directed there through their work - you'll have to design your pages so people can find them via search engines.
Search engines account for over 85% of visitors to the average web page. Not optimising for search is like sending web pages out into a vacuum - they simply will not be found by many people who might be interested in the useful services/information on EUROPA.
What helps?
What can I do?
Using relevant keywords (for readers), especially in:
(and also in the main body text)
When searching on the web, readers use the words they know best.
If your website doesn't contain these words, search engines won't bring them here.
Discover and use your readers' keywords throughout your site and avoid jargon
Using metadescriptions
<Title> tag
To give a short description of what will be found on the website from the search engine result page.
The single most important way to tell search engines what your page is about and so get highly ranked for relevant searches.
Write a clear, compelling 150-160 character description of the site, to allow people to decide if this is what they are looking for.
Headings (H1, H2, etc.)
Another key way to signal your page content to search engines – especially H1.
Keyword density in the body text
Search engines rank your page as more relevant to a given search if keywords account for 2.5-3% of the total text.
Use your keywords often and
Caption text and ALT tags
Search engines are blind. You have to describe your images and other media files with appropriate text.
Use relevant key phrases in caption text and ALT tags.
Keywords in the URL
Search engines look at URLs for clues about page content.
If possible, use descriptive file names (i.e. real words) in URL. Drop unnecessary words such as 'and' or 'the'.
Inbound links
The more inbound links you have from reputable/popular sites in a similar field, the higher you will be ranked by search engines.
You can create them yourself by -contacting owners of other sites and agreeing to link to each other's site.
Internal links
Internal links point to other pages on your site.
Link all the pages within your site (using relevant keywords).
Links containing keywords
Search engines read links more frequently than a page's body text, as they're a more concentrated indication of the content.
Always include relevant keywords in your links.
Unique content and frequent changes
The newer the better. Google likes fresh pages.
Update regularly.
Accessible content
Everybody should be able to use your site no matter what their disability or equipment.
Make your site fully accessible.
Site maps
A site map is a representation of the site's link structure.
You can submit a site map to Google.
Differentiating key words in the text
Search engine robots scan text to find words that describe the page's subject better than others.
Use layout techniques such as bolding and bulleting.
To be sure your sites are found quickly and efficiently, it's best to register them with at least the leading search engines: Google, Yahoo! and Microsoft.
However, since these major engines use crawlers to find pages for their search results, if other sites link to you, they'll find you even if you're not registered with them.
Some search engines, notably Yahoo!, also operate a paid submission service that guarantees crawling for either a set fee or cost per click. Such programs usually guarantee inclusion in the database, but do not guarantee specific ranking within the search results.
Two major directories, the Yahoo Directory and the Open Directory Project, both require manual submission and human editorial review.
Google also offers Google webmaster tools, for which an XML site map feed can be created and submitted for free to ensure that all pages are found, especially pages that aren't discoverable by automatically following links.
Don't forget, also, to put your XML site map link in your robots.txt.
Read the materials from Internet editors workshop: Search Engine Optimisation.
External guidelines:
There are 7 metadata on EUROPA webistes that are compulsory: "Content-Language", "description", "reference", "creator", "classification", "keywords", "date".
Information resources must be made visible in a way that allows people to tell whether the resources are likely to be useful to them. Metadata is a systematic method for describing such resources and thereby improving access to them. In other words, it is data about data. If a resource is worth making available, it is also worth describing it with relevant metadata so as to maximise the ability of information seekers to locate it. This makes metadata extremely important in the World Wide Web. While the primary aim of metadata is to improve resource recovery, metadata sets are also being developed for different reasons, including:
Whether in the traditional context or in the Internet context, the key purpose of metadata is to facilitate and improve retrieval information.
Search engines consist of a software package that searches the web, extracts data and organises it in a database. People can then submit a query using a web browser. The search engine locates the appropriate data in the database and displays it via the browser. Search engines usually have three major elements:
At the global level, internet search engines were developed to search across multiple websites. Unfortunately the results offered are often large in numbers, but not very relevant. This is what information scientists call "high recall" but "low precision". The low precision means not being able to locate the most relevant and useful documents. The introduction of the <META> element as part of HTML coding was in part an attempt to encourage search engines to extract and index better structured data such as description and keywords.
The metadata are also very important for the EUROPA search engine. They are used to categorise the results of a query (Content-Language and Classification) and to influence their ranking in the result list (Keywords, Description and Date).
Because of its prime importance in assisting information retrieval, metadata should be among the first things to consider where creating a site.
Metadata are one of the first steps you have to follow when creating a new site and must be present on all pages. Developing a website without metadata is like stocking a library without providing an index system.
Descriptive META information has many benefits. They can make information easier to locate by providing search tools with more detailed indexing information, rate information to protect minors from viewing certain content, as well as a variety of other things. It is also related to the management of a website in that it helps provide meaning for a document's role in a global or local information space.
Metadata provide information for:
On EUROPA, only 7 metadata are compulsory: "Content-Language", "description", "reference", "creator", "classification", "keywords", "date".
Besides these compulsory metadata, the information provider may introduce other metadata if he deems them necessary for management purposes (e.g. "DateAlarm, "WritePermission", "Version").
For the full list of metadata as identified by the "Dublin Metadata Core Element Set", see http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Please note that it is strictly forbidden to include in the metadata any information relating to the firms involved in designing, producing and updating web pages for EUROPA.
Detailed information on metadata is given in the "Instructions" section.
EUROPA templates content 7 compulsory metadata to fill in;
Translation of relevant metadata should be requested in all languages in which one intends to publish a site. Translation availability and translation delays should therefore be taken in mind when planning a new site available in various languages.
Metadata should be compliant with the IPG recommendations.
Further evaluation could be done by running relevant tests of the page(s) concerned in different search engines and measuring the accuracy and effectiveness of the information retrieved.
List of defined metadata + all necessary translations
General information on metadata:
Further information on multilingualism issues can be requested by email to the EUROPA team.
Each descriptive element has a NAME attribute and a CONTENT attribute in the following format:
<meta name="Keywords" content="European Commission, institutions, European Union, EU">
All metadata can have multiple values, except "REFERENCE"; "DESCRIPTION" and "DATE". The syntax for listing multiple values is always the same, i.e. separation by commas.
|Adaptation for each language version
|Change language code
Example for page:
|<meta name="Reference" content=
|PDF equivalent
|Multiple values
Identifier of the institution which created the document and is responsible for its content. For Commission departments:
"COMM" for Commission, "DG or Service" and acronym department.
|Adaptation for each language version
Example for page:
|<meta name="Creator" content=" COMM/COMM/A5">
|PDF equivalent
|Multiple values
|Yes (commas must separate multiple entries)
ISO code of the language of the document, made up of two lower-case letters. ISO codes for the EU's official languages:
|Adaptation for each language version
|Change language code
Example for page:
|<meta http-equiv="Content-Language" content="en">
|PDF equivalent
|Multiple values
|Yes (commas must separate multiple entries)
see Classification table.
|Adaptation for each language version
Example for page:
|<meta name="Classification" content="16000">
|PDF equivalent
|Multiple values
|Yes (commas must separate multiple entries)
More on keywords.
|Adaptation for each language version
Example for page:
|<meta name="Keywords"content="Europe Direct, Communication, Citizens, European Commission, European Union, EU">
|PDF equivalent
|Multiple values
|Yes (commas must separate multiple entries)
Appears in some search results pages, under the link to the page which it describes. Its function is to expand on the information given by the link (summarising the underlying page in 1 sentence).
How to write a description:
|Adaptation for each language version
Presentation of the Television without frontiers directive
U ses insider name of directive
Television broadcasting - first EU legislation (background)
Describes page content better - starts with most specific relevant information
"Reforming the budget, changing Europe" is the title of the consultation paper published by the European Commission on 12 September to spark debate on the EU's spending priorities.
Too long - important words at the end ("EU's spending priorities") would simply not be displayed.
EU budget spending priorities - debate launched with consultation paper (12 September)
Telegraphic style, to fit into ±150 characters
|PDF equivalent
|Multiple values
Date of creation of the page. The creation date together with the date of last update is used by the EUROPA search engine to determine the freshness of the page.
|Adaptation for each language version
Example for page:
|<meta name="Date" content="21/06/2009">
|PDF equivalent
|Multiple values
Here is the list of the top level Classification codes (2 digit numerical code). The metadata "Classification" must contain at least one of these top level codes. If no further precision is needed, the code is identified by the main code, followed by 3 zeros. It is however also possible to indicate a more detailed classification by using the extended 5 digit classification code(75 kB) .
Joint alphabetic list of document classification by subject for all the institutions
Agriculture, farming
Budget, financing, fraud
European citizenship, right to vote, ombudsman, protection of privacy
Information society, communication, information, audiovisual, telecommunications, public opinion
Competition, state aid
Consumers, distribution, civil defence, nuclear safety, food safety
Culture, tourism, sport
Education, teaching, vocational training, youth
Enlargement, accession of new states
Employment, work
Type of business, company law
Tax system
Justice and home affairs, asylum, judicial cooperation, police cooperation, Schengen, visa, immigration, external frontiers, fight against crime, drugs, terrorism
Free movement of capital, finance
Free movement of goods, customs, public contracts, standardisation
Free movement of persons, right of establishment, workers
Free movement of services, insurance, banks, credit, right of establishment, savings, public contracts
Regional policy, OCT
Social policy, public health
Research & development
External relations, CFSP, development cooperation, humanitarian aid
Trans-European networks
Respect for human rights, racism, xenophobia
Economic and monetary union, euro, single currency
Language, multilingualism, translation, interpretation
Administration, management and human resources policy
Make sure that all possible links to information present on the 'horizontal' EUROPA site have been taken into account: summaries of EU legislation, statistics, publications, EUR-Lex, press releases, etc. Please keep in mind the WAI accessibility while creating hyperlinks. It is necessary to create hyperlinks which make sense when read out of context (please do avoid expressions 'Click here' or 'For more information'). If your links are images, you will need to add alternative texts. If your source and destination languages are not the same, you will need to add a language icon for the user. The same goes for the PDF documents, the user should be informed by the PDF icon and the size of the document should be given (if you use CWCM, they will be added automatically) .
If users/readers by following a link leave your portal, make this fact obvious to them.
For the creation of hyperlinks, please see the section in DESIGN chapter about design of the links.
A portal of links, where the portal administration "only" provides an overview and then makes more detailed information accessible through carefully edited hierarchies of links, is only possible where concise, well structured, high quality information and services already exist elsewhere, eliminating the need for editing or rewriting existing information.
Two possibilities are taken into account:
By deep linking into a site, the linking portal allows the users to bypass the home page of the linked portal, a page that often contains terms and conditions and proprietary information relevant to the use of the linked portal. Deep links that go directly to a portal's interior pages enhance usability because, unlike general links, they specifically relate to users' goals and context.
A major drawback of deep links is their greater dependency on small changes in the target site. For this reason, the management of deep links can be difficult. In order to avoid broken links, deep linking requires immediate information on the changes on the pages where the links refer to. Inside EUROPA, this could be done automatically, for example by means of a logical access mechanism to pages, hiding the intricacies of the physical arrangement of information on a particular site. A nice example of this principle can be found on EUR-Lex, where a logical linking mechanism called UDL (Uniform Document Locator) has been implemented. Use of a Corporate Web Content Management (CWCM) also facilitates the link management of all pages and documents residing inside the CWCM. Unfortunately there is no simple solution for the links pointing outside of EUROPA.
In this case, the users are provided with links giving direct access to a top entry level or section of other sites where they should then search further for the information of specific interest using the site's navigation/services. The editing and formatting or thematic organisation of this site may be totally unrelated to the one of the portal.
The use of syndication techniques and web services can simplify the reusability of content. These facilities are already provided by portals such as EU-Bookshop and the EU Press Room and can also be used by sites produced by means of the Corporate Web Content Management system.
Link to pages that provide high-quality content that is different from the information on your page but relevant to it.
The Commission is not legally responsible for the content of the sites we link to, but their quality, content and tone should not reflect badly on us.
If in doubt do not link. The EUROPA team reserves the right to disallow or remove any such links.
External links:
Millennium development goals (United Nations)
The content about the design of links is in the chapter DESIGN.
The Publications Office provides precise instructions for establishing links to the documents.
EUR-Lex (http://eur-lex.europa.eu) provides direct free access to European Union law. The system makes it possible to consult the Official Journal of the European Union and it includes inter alia the treaties, legislation, case-law and legislative proposals. It offers extensive search facilities.
You will find how to create links to documents on their website.
For more information about content and functionalities of the site, please visit the page About EUR-Lex.
The deep link should have the following format:
http://bookshop.europa.eu/uri?target=EUB:NOTICE:<catalogue number>:<navigation language>
The deep link is composed of the first 9 characters of the catalogue number, followed by the 2 characters of the navigation language you want for the information display. For example, for displaying the details related to publication KA7007020 in the navigation language English, the link will look as follows:
You can also add the language code to the 9 characters of the catalogue number:
Please note that due to the strictly language based architecture of the EU-Bookshop, the display of the publication language is coupled with the navigation language chosen, with fallback to EN. Therefore, if no navigation language encoding is applied, EU-Bookshop will choose EN by default:
If you implement such links on your website engine or in-house application, we recommend to dynamically link to the current navigation language of the user. It will be of course more user friendly to keep the same browsing language when going from your website to the related EU-Bookshop pages.
The links to TED documents have the following format:
where xxxxxx-xxxx must be replaced by the number of the document (ex: 123456-2006) and yy by the language code (ex: EN for English).
For complete HTML code of the link, ready to copy paste into your HTML page code, please click on the 'URI' icon in the documents: a small window with the code will open.
Links to EUROPA from external sites should meet the following conditions:


text:
Hi Peter, I have good memories of this place. I used to visit a lot from nearby Winchcombe where my sister-in-law used to live. Like. Best wishes, Rosa.
Sign up to comment.
Sign in if you already did it.
Photo taken in Sudeley, Gloucestershire GL54, UK
Misplaced? Suggest new location

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Determination of myoglobin concentration in blood-perfused tissue. Eur J Appl Physiol
ABSTRACT The standard method for determining the myoglobin (Mb) concentration in blood-perfused tissue often relies on a simple but clever differencing algorithm of the optical spectra, as proposed by Reynafarje. However, the underlying assumptions of the differencing algorithm do not always lead to an accurate assessment of Mb concentration in blood-perfused tissue. Consequently, the erroneous data becloud the understanding of Mb function and oxygen transport in the cell. The present study has examined the Mb concentration in buffer and blood-perfused mouse heart. In buffer-perfused heart containing no hemoglobin (Hb), the optical differencing method yields a tissue Mb concentration of 0.26 mM. In blood-perfused tissue, the method leads to an overestimation of Mb. However, using the distinct (1)H NMR signals of MbCO and HbCO yields a Mb concentration of 0.26 mM in both buffer- and blood-perfused myocardium. Given the NMR and optical data, a computer simulation analysis has identified some error sources in the optical differencing algorithm and has suggested a simple modification that can improve the Mb determination. Even though the present study has determined a higher Mb concentration than previously reported, it does not alter significantly the equipoise PO(2), the PO(2) where Mb and O(2) contribute equally to the O(2) flux. It also suggests that any Mb increase with exercise training does not necessarily enhance the intracellular O(2) delivery.
Full-textDOI: · Available from: Ping-Chang Lin, Sep 26, 2015
- SourceAvailable from: Traver Wright
- "These orthologous globins share much of their overall structure (characteristic ''globin fold''), and many key regions are highly conserved [10]. With similar structure and heme binding properties, the optical characteristics of these proteins are similar [11] [12] (Figs. 2 and 3) and these hemoproteins cannot be distinguished by spectroscopy when in solution together [11]. At wavelengths of 500–700 nm, the absorption spectra of HbO 2 and MbO 2 both show twin absorption peaks: 544 and 582 nm for MbO 2 and 542 and 578 nm for HbO 2 . "
Article: Myoglobin extraction from mammalian skeletal muscle and oxygen affinity determination under physiological conditions[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: An accurate determination of myoglobin (Mb) oxygen affinity (P50) can be difficult due to hemoglobin (Hb) contamination and autoxidation of Mb to metMb which is incapable of binding oxygen. To reduce Mb autoxidation, P50 is often measured at refrigerated temperatures. However, the temperature dependent shift in Mb oxygen affinity results in a greater oxygen affinity (lower P50) at colder temperatures than occurs at physiological temperature (ca. 37-39 °C) for birds and mammals. Utilizing the temperature dependent pH shift of Tris buffer, we developed novel methods to extract Mb from vertebrate muscle samples and remove Hb contamination while minimizing globin autoxidation. Cow (Bos taurus) muscle tissue (n = 5) was homogenized in buffer to form a Mb solution, and Hb contamination was removed using anion exchange chromatography. A TCS Hemox Blood Analyzer was then used to quickly generate an oxygen dissociation curve for the extracted Mb. The oxygen affinity of extracted bovine Mb was compared to commercially available horse heart Mb. The oxygen affinity of extracted cow Mb (P50 = 3.72 ± 0.16 mmHg) was not statistically different from commercially prepared horse heart Mb (P50 = 3.71 ± 0.10 mmHg). With high yield Mb extraction and fast generation of an oxygen dissociation curve, it was possible to consistently determine Mb P50 under physiologically relevant conditions for endothermic vertebrates.Protein Expression and Purification 11/2014; 107. DOI:10.1016/j.pep.2014.11.004 · 1.70 Impact Factor
[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
- "This is more important, as luminal-type breast cancer, although generally more favourable in course, does not respond well to conventional chemotherapy (Bhargava et al, 2010). Myoglobin has different known or alleged functions in muscle tissue including short-term O 2 storage and buffering, facilitating O 2 diffusion, scavenging of NO and ROS and also the reverse (peroxidase activity, NO production) and might be involved in FA metabolism (Wittenberg, 1970; Wittenberg et al, 1975; Khan et al, 1998; Flögel et al, 2001, 2004; Ordway and Garry, 2004; Hendgen- Cotta et al, 2008; Masuda et al, 2008). The functions of Mb in nonmuscle tissues are elusive so far. "
ABSTRACT: We aimed to clarify the incidence and the clinicopathological value of non-muscle myoglobin (Mb) in a large cohort of non-invasive and invasive breast cancer cases. Matched pairs of breast tissues from 10 patients plus 17 breast cell lines were screened by quantitative PCR for Mb mRNA. In addition, 917 invasive and 155 non-invasive breast cancer cases were analysed by immunohistochemistry for Mb expression and correlated to clinicopathological parameters and basal molecular characteristics including oestrogen receptor-alpha (ERalpha)/progesteron receptor (PR)/HER2, fatty acid synthase (FASN), hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha), HIF-2alpha, glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) and carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX). The spatial relationship of Mb and ERalpha or FASN was followed up by double immunofluorescence. Finally, the effects of estradiol treatment and FASN inhibition on Mb expression in breast cancer cells were analysed. Myoglobin mRNA was found in a subset of breast cancer cell lines; in microdissected tumours Mb transcript was markedly upregulated. In all, 71% of tumours displayed Mb protein expression in significant correlation with a positive hormone receptor status and better prognosis. In silico data mining confirmed higher Mb levels in luminal-type breast cancer. Myoglobin was also correlated to FASN, HIF-2alpha and CAIX, but not to HIF-1alpha or GLUT1, suggesting hypoxia to participate in its regulation. Double immunofluorescence showed a cellular co-expression of ERalpha or FASN and Mb. In addition, Mb levels were modulated on estradiol treatment and FASN inhibition in a cell model. We conclude that in breast cancer, Mb is co-expressed with ERalpha and co-regulated by oestrogen signalling and can be considered a hallmark of luminal breast cancer phenotype. This and its possible new role in fatty acid metabolism may have fundamental implications for our understanding of Mb in solid tumours.British Journal of Cancer 06/2010; 102(12):1736-45. DOI:10.1038/sj.bjc.6605702 · 4.84 Impact Factor
- " 000g for 30 min at 4 • C . The clear supernatant was decanted into a small glass tube and again equilibrated with carbon monoxide to ensure binding to Mb . The optical density at 538 ( β band ) and 568 nm ( α band ) was used for calculation of both the Hb and the Mb concentration in the muscle tissue as described in a modified Reynafarje method ( Masuda et al . 2008 ) ."
Article: Quantification of myoglobin deoxygenation and intracellular partial pressure of O2 during muscle contraction during haemoglobin-free medium perfusion. Exp Physiol[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Although the O(2) gradient regulates O(2) flux from the capillary into the myocyte to meet the energy demands of contracting muscle, intracellular O(2) dynamics during muscle contraction remain unclear. Our hindlimb perfusion model allows the determination of intracellular myoglobin (Mb) saturation ( ) and intracellular oxygen tension of myoglobin ( ) in contracting muscle using near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). The hindlimb of male Wistar rats was perfused from the abdominal aorta with a well-oxygenated haemoglobin-free Krebs-Henseleit buffer. The deoxygenated Mb ([deoxy-Mb]) signal was monitored by NIRS. Based on the value of [deoxy-Mb], and were calculated, and the time course was evaluated by an exponential function model. Both and started to decrease immediately after the onset of contraction. The steady-state values of and progressively decreased with relative work intensity or muscle oxygen consumption. At the maximal twitch rate, and were 49% and 2.4 mmHg, respectively. Moreover, the rate of release of O(2) from Mb at the onset of contraction increased with muscle oxygen consumption. These results suggest that at the onset of muscle contraction, Mb supplies O(2) during the steep decline in , which expands the O(2) gradient to increase the O(2) flux to meet the increased energy demands.Experimental physiology 05/2010; 95(5):630-40. DOI:10.1113/expphysiol.2009.050344 · 2.67 Impact Factor


text:
Origins GinZing Refreshing Scrub Cleanser
Item No.1216300003
Item No.1216300003
This 2 in 1 scrubby cleanser is fortified with radiance-boosting Panax Ginseng and Caffeine. Jojoba and Carnauba Wax gently exfoliate to help unclog pores. Skin looks smoother, brighter. Feels perfectly refreshed and squeaky clean. Plus, our uplifting 100% natural essential oil blend of Grapefruit, Lemon and Spearmint perks you up so you're ready to face the day!
£12.33 per 100ml
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Delivered within 5 working days
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7 days a week between 8am - 6pm
Sunday to Friday - order by 9pm - £3.99
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7 days a week between 6pm - 10pm
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Collect from store the next day - FREE
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Subject to exceptions, Debenhams is happy to exchange or refund your purchase within 28 days of delivery. Please check here for more details on our returns policy and exceptions.


text:
Multimedia Techniques for Device and Ambient Intelligence
Ambient Intelligence is a vision of the future where the world will be surrounded by electronic environments sensitive and responsive to people, wherein devices work in concert to support people in carrying out their everyday life activities, in an easy and natural way.
This edited volume is based on the workshop Multimedia Techniques for Ambient Intelligence (MTDAI08), held in Mogliano Veneto, Italy in March 2008. Contributed by world renowned leaders in the field from academia and industry, this volume is dedicated to research on technologies used to improve the intelligence capability of multimedia devices for imaging, image processing and computer vision. Focuses on recent developments in digital signal processing, including evolutions in audiovisual signal processing, analysis, coding and authentication, and retrieval techniques.
Designed for researchers and professionals, this book is also suitable for advanced-level students in computer science and electrical engineering.
208 pages; ISBN 9780387887777
Read online, or download in secure PDF format
Title: Multimedia Techniques for Device and Ambient Intelligence
Author: Ernesto Damiani; Jechang Jeong
More Technology
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- Academic > Computer Science
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- Computers > Artificial Intelligence
- Computers > User Interfaces
- Computers > Computer Vision
- Technology > Optics
- Technology > Electronics


text:
The Commercial Hotel3
Price FromView Rooms
- Very Good
- 24 guest reviews
"Very little sleep during our stay, night club till 2am on our first night, and pub music the 2nd night. our room being just above this, and..."
"Excellent accommodation and service, friendly welcoming staff...."
"The rooms are very good easily match any of the big name hotels and also has good food and helpful friendly staff with nice bar that makes y..."
"Warm, comfortable,clean , friendly, and efficient, helpful staff Very good value for money No healthy options on menus..."
"The staff at the commercial are very friendly and the service is always great. They went out the way to get the drink that I requested, even..."
About the hotel
If you are looking for a venue that combines super-stylish rooms and great entertainment in an optimum location, then The Commercial Hotel, Wishaw, North Lanarkshire might just be the place for you! Located in the heart of the town and within easy reach of the M74 and M8, this popular property is the ideal choice for a lively break or a central business stop-over. Both Glasgow and Edinburgh are a 30-minute drive away from this value-for-money accommodation, so that the temptations of Scotland's brightest cities are never far away. The property itself is over 100 years old, yet boasts a wealth of modern features for a truly contemporary experience.
Guests will find it a haven for watching sports events, with 20 plasma screens on which you can follow your favourite team - there are even free pies at half-time, but hurry, as supplies are limited! For those who enjoy entertainment, from Thursday to Sunday there's plenty to keep them occupied, along with the 30s Soul Suite Nightclub. You can also take advantage of tasty bar meals, a beer garden and private function rooms. Conference facilities are available for those who are in Wishaw to work.
Read MoreLess
Room Availability
Showing Wednesday 14 October 2015 to Thursday 15 October 2015Change Search
Facilities Show/hide
- Main
- Hotel Non-Smoking Throughout
- Family friendly
- Cots available
- Parking
- Car parking available onsite , Car Parking Available Offsite
- Business
- Wi-Fi Available , Meeting Facilities
- Dining
- Restaurant , Lounge Menu , Bar
- In room entertainment
- TV , Satellite TV , [Channels] News , [Channels] Sky Sports , [Channels] Music , [Channels] Childrens , Radio
- In room facilities
- Tea/Coffee making facilities in each room , Hairdryer in each room
- Hotel services
- Limited room service for hot food
Useful Info Show/hide
- From 15:00 hours
- Until 11:00 hours
- The price shown is based on the occupancy and dates you have searched for. Prices and availability are subject to change based on the arrival date, number of nights and occupancy searched for. All prices are inclusive of all local taxes.
- Pets are not allowed
Customer Reviews
Our reviews are from genuine LateRooms.com customers. We verify that the customer has stayed before leaving a review.
Very Good
79% would recommend it to a friend
Customer service
Food quality
Room quality
too noisy
Very little sleep during our stay, night club till 2am on our first night, and pub music the 2nd night.
our room being just above this, and then an early call from workmen just outside digging the pavement up.
Read More Less
The Commercial Hotel
Excellent accommodation and service, friendly welcoming staff.


text:
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The Embassy Suites Minneapolis Airport hotel in Bloomington MN is located one mile from the Mall of America, Nickelodeon Universe, Waterpark of America and the Minneapolis St. Paul International Airport - MSP. Two miles from historic Ft. Snelling.
A family resort and campground offering exceptional cabins and RV sites on beautiful Lake Amelia in the heart of the land of 10,000 lakes.
Beautiful Gunflint Trail cabin lodging on the edge of Minnesota's famed BWCAW. Open all year. Top-rated resort offers canoeing,kayaking,fishing,swimming,hiking, relaxing.70K of groomed x-country ski trails through the deep woods. Dog sled trips.
The Holiday Inn and Suites, located a short distance from Minneapolis and St. Paul attractions, is approximately 17 miles from the Minneapolis St. Paul
The Quality Inn® hotel is conveniently located off Interstate 35 West and is minutes to area attractions like the Mall of America, Mystic Lake Casino
Conveniently located at the junction of I-35 and County Road 50, Exit 85, AmericInn Lakeville is just a short drive away from the Mall of America, Minnesota
The Hampton Inn Burnsville Has The Traditional Look Of Most Hampton Inns. The Lobby Area Is Seasonally Decorated To Give Our Guests An -at Home-feeling.
This Marriott hotel is at the intersection of I-35 and County Road 42 near Burnsville Center Mall.
This hotel is two miles from the Buck Hill ski area, 11 miles from the Mall of America and Mystic Lake Casino, and approximately 14 miles from the Minneapolis
Located in the heart of downtown Apple Valley, the AmericInn Hotel and Suites is just minutes away from the Mall of America and offers full service amenities
This LivInn Hotel is situated in Burnsville, approximately 13 miles from Minneapolis St. Paul International Airport. The hotel offers free continental
Find great deals on quality Lakeville, Minnesota hotels & resorts, or indulge at one of our luxury resorts. Take advantage of the many amenities that can be included with your stay such as in-room internet access, wifi, room service, fitness center, pool, hot tub, steam room, and shuttle services to and from the airport. Browse our Lakeville, Minnesota hotels and resorts and plan your Lakeville, Minnesota vacation today!


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I use this restaurant as a comparison for all the other restaurants I review.
The staff is friendly and very attentive. They treat everyone with respect and continue great customer service throughout the meal.
The food continues to be a cut above. We eat here a lot and have tried most everything on the menu and have not been disappointed.
They now have fresh pastas that are infused with various flavors. I have tried them and the pasta is tender and balanced.
The wine list continues to be large and at a reasonable price.
The deserts are very good and I believe all made in-house.
If you are in Tahoe make a reservation here. During the Winter there are only seven tables so it does fill up quickly.


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Leave a Review
wonderful, pretty dish. i use turnips instead of acorn squash, and it works well. served it twice...once at a romantic dinner for 2 w/ salmon encrusted w/ cranberries and thyme to rave reviews, and then yesterday at thanksgiving for ten! it was a "constant comment" dish. i was asked for the recipe several times. i don't even use the balsamic...i just mince the garlic & mix w/ the olive oil, then baste everything w/ that. i do use the rosemary. the veggies are so flavorful and pretty, they only need that.flag if inappropriate
This dish is terrific! Used thawed frozen brussels sprouts. Worked fine. An extra garlic head doesn`t overdo it.flag if inappropriate
I have neither feasted on nor prepared roasted vegetables before and all I say is ... where have you been all my life :)! This dish is incredible! I originally selected this particular recipe because of the brussel sprouts (one of my fav veggies) and then mixed things up a little (no to beets, yes to fennel, etc). Although I cooked/roasted as stated, my garlic was actually very soft and unable to be cut. This actually was fabulous as when added to the veggies, it coated everything like a paste! Incredible flavour! I will do this every time now. As well, my personal suggestion would be to let the veggies and balsamic/oil sit together for awhile - 5-10 minutes - as this only enhances the flavour. This an incredibly flavourful recipe prompted favourable reviews from my husband and will make continued appearances on the dining room table.flag if inappropriate
I am not much of cook, but desperately trying! I have used this recipe for the last few family gatherings and it was a smashing success! Which in turn made me look pretty good and that says something in itself. I always end up giving the recipe out at the end of the evening. Very, very scrumptious.flag if inappropriate
Absloutely terrific. Roasting the beets to one side helps keep everything from turning purple. Peeled the acorn squash prior to roasting with great results.flag if inappropriate
My niece and nephew picked out this recipe for XMAS dinner, and it has become a family favorite for festive occasions. (It is a lot of work for every day.)flag if inappropriate
I've made this recipe several times. It's absolutely amazingly good. I often use it for potlucks, and people invariably pester me for the recipe--so I send them here! Last time I made it, I added some onions that had been cooked until they caramelized over a charcoal grill (with aluminum foil). Amazing.flag if inappropriate
I used regular size beets and roasted them wrapped tightly in foil 1 hour (makes peeling easier). Then I cut them up and added to the edge of roasting pan about 1/2 way through cooking. Followed squash peeling recommendation. I really liked this and thought it was more attractive than the picture. Next time I'll try it with thyme.flag if inappropriate
This dish has become a family favorite - I made it 3 times and it is a real hit with company.flag if inappropriate
If I could rate this a zero I would. It is by far the worst thing I have ever made from this site. For one thing -- the cooking time is way too long. You end up with mush if you follow the recipe. And microwaving brussel sprouts doesn't work - the dish gets soggy and inedible. Run away! Run away!flag if inappropriate


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Mexican UFC featherweight Yair Rodriguez, who is known for flashing kicking and striking in general. Follow: https://instagram.com/panteraufc/ watch video >>
PANCRASE 270 features Featherweight King of PANCRASE and former UFC fighter Nam Phan and former The Ultimate Fighter cast member Andy Main, who was Nam's teammate during the show. Don't miss Pancrase watch video >>
Scotland's Danny Henry gives fans his thoughts on the state of SA MMA and his opponent Boyd Allen ahead of their featherweight title fight tonight. EFC 44, Carnival City, 3 October 2015. watch video >>
UFC featherweight Ricardo Lamas sat down with Rutten and Kruck tonight in studio where he broke down his upcoming fight with Diego Sanchez Nov. 21 and made picks for Conor McGregor versus Jose Aldo a watch video >>
Hear from newly retired Rich Franklin, UFC featherweight Ricardo Lamas, and get ready for Saturday's UFC 192 on an All New Inside MMA! Tune in October 2nd after Legacy 46 on AXS TV. AXS TV is Your watch video >>
EFC commentators Cyrus Fees and Dirk Steenekamp breakdown the featherweight title fight between Boyd Allen and Danny Henry at EFC 44. watch video >>
MMA Plus caught up with BAMMA featherweight champion Tom Duquesnoy just moments after he retained his title at BAMMA 22 talk about his latest title defence as well as talk about the next fighter he h watch video >>
UFC featherweight Max Holloway. watch video >>
UFC interim featherweight champion Conor McGregor gives his introduction speech to his team after the fights to get into the house on episode 2. "The Notorious" explains the thought process behind wh watch video >>
The epic featherweight battle that fight fans have been waiting for, Aldo vs McGregor, will headline UFC 194. Plus, undefeated middleweight champion Chris Weidman puts his title on the line against # watch video >>
Roman Martinez vs Orlando Salido 2
Full Fight Boxing
WBO World Super Featherweight Title watch video >>
http://www.MMAWeekly.com/ -- UFC featherweight champ Jose Aldo and interim beltholder Conor McGregor go back-and-forth at the recent UFC Go Big press conference. Aldo calls McGregor a clown, and, o watch video >>
http://www.MMAWeekly.com/ -- Featherweight champion Jose Aldo and interim titleholder Conor McGregor nearly came to blows during the UFC's 'Go Big' press conference in Las Vegas. Check out the madne watch video >>


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House Hearing to Focus on the Performance of Enron's Lawyers
By RICHARD A. OPPEL Jr.
Published: March 14, 2002
WASHINGTON, March 13— Documents obtained by Congressional investigators indicate that lawyers for Enron may have been aware of some of the most crucial facts about a partnership that played a significant role in the company's collapse, information that the company's own auditors say was withheld from them.
It is not clear, however, that the lawyers were aware of the accounting implications of the transactions. The performance of Enron's lawyers will be the focus of a hearing Thursday before the House Energy and Commerce Committee.
The documents detail discussions involving internal Enron lawyers in 1997 about Chewco, a partnership that allowed Enron to keep significant amounts of debt off its balance sheet. For Chewco's accounting to meet legal standards, 3 percent of Chewco's equity, or about $11 million, had to come from a third party. Barclays, the large British bank, provided the money to entities called Big River and Little River, which were Chewco's investors.
Barclays, however, required Big River and Little River to establish reserve accounts that were pledged to secure repayment. A special committee of Enron directors later found that ''the existence of this cash collateral for the Barclays funding was fatal to Chewco's compliance with the 3 percent equity requirement.'' Thus debts that Enron had kept off its books because of Chewco should have been consolidated.
Notes from a Nov. 19, 1997, meeting of Enron lawyers show that Chewco's reserve account was discussed, stating that the account was ''pledged to Big River/Little River banks.'' Notes of another meeting one month later also state that the ''creation of reserve account'' was to ''benefit Big River/ Little River lenders.'' Investigators believe this may suggest that the Enron lawyers were aware that Barclays' money was not true equity at risk.
In other Enron developments, lawmakers on the House Financial Services Committee heard sharply differing views today of how far they should go to regulate auditors and ensure they are not tempted to go easy on clients because of other lucrative business dealings with them.
Representatives from the accounting industry and Wall Street said they supported many provisions in a proposal by House Republicans that would create a public accounting regulatory body with members drawn mostly from outside the industry and which would prohibit external auditors from doing certain consulting for clients.
Many critics of the current system have pointed out that auditors often face a conflict of interest because they may not want to offend clients that pay them big fees for consulting services.
Other accounting and governing experts, praised the Republicans' bill but said that much more needed to be done, like banning auditors from performing all consulting and other nonauditing services for clients and requiring companies to rotate auditors.
Barbara Roper, director of investor protection for the Consumer Federation of America, said rotating auditors ''would significantly reduce audit clients' ability to tame their auditors.''
Another witness today, Ted White, the director of corporate governance at the California Public Employees' Retirement System, urged lawmakers to prohibit external auditors from providing consulting or other services to their clients. ''A firm should be an auditor or a consultant, not both to the same client,'' Mr. White said.
But Barry Melancon, the president of the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants, said that any legislation that effectively forces accountants to stick only with auditing will ''create significant economic viability and audit quality concerns.''
He suggested that requiring companies to rotate their auditors could actually lead to more audit failures, and he asserted that ''there is a positive relationship between audit firm tenure and auditor competence.''
Separately, the House Ways and Means Committee and the Education and Work Force Committee worked to hammer out language on pension legislation.
The differences have basically come down to jurisdictional issues, House staff members said, like whether new provisions might leave certain specific pension rules administered by both the Labor and Treasury Departments, potentially leading to conflicting rules and guidance.


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Look! It's Emilio J. Fox!
"What do you mean they can't hold my place for the Taco Bell commercial for 10 more minutes…how'm I supposed to get there the goddamn bus is late!…Stupid fuck, do you know who I am?…Fine, do you know who I was?"
No porn stars, no problem.
Never would have guessed, he'd turn out the normal one.
The Breakfast Club turned into the Taco Bell 4th Meal club.
Red Sauce Dawn.
The life of a Home Depot man is always intense.
I came for a Repo Man quote and I wasn't disappointed. Hats off, sir.
"Yeah, I could definitely fill in for Bruce Jenner. I always thought I kinda looked like him. So what's the role?…What do you mean, 'it's not exactly a role'?"
"Yes, this is Normal Sheen…"
Charlie opted for winning, Emilio opting for dining.