text:
Nuclear weapons and NATO-Russia relations
Cornwell, G.C.
Despite the development of positive institutional arrangements such as Russian participation in the NATO-led peacekeeping force in Bosnia and the NATO- Russia Permanent Joint Council, the strategic culture of Russia has not changed in any fundamental sense. Russian strategic culture has not evolved in ways that would make Russian policies compatible with those of NATO countries in the necessary economic, social, technological, and military spheres. On the domestic side, Russia has yet to establish a stable democracy and the necessary legal, judicial, and regulatory institutions for a free-market economy. Russia evidently lacks the necessary cultural traditions, including concepts of accountability and transparency, to make these adaptations in the short-term. Owing in part to its institutional shortcomings, severe socioeconomic setbacks have afflicted Russia. Russian conventional military strength has been weakened, and a concomitant reliance by the Russians on nuclear weapons as their ultimate line of defense has increased. The breakdown in the infrastructure that supports Russian early warning and surveillance systems and nuclear weapons stewardship defense, coupled with a tendency towards has exacerbated Russian anxiety and distrust toward NATO. Russia`s reliance on nuclear weapons as the ultimate line of defense, coupled with a tendency toward suspicion and distrust toward NATO, could lead to dangerous strategic miscalculation and nuclear catastrophe.
Uit: Ibn al-Haytham (965-1041), Verhande-ling over de inhoud van de bol.
Hogendijk, Jan P.
van het stuk. Over het probleem in de tekst: In zijn boek Over de Bol en de Cylinder leidt Archimedes oppervlakte baseert. In het hieronder vertaalde stuk laat Ibn al-Haytham zien dat de inhoud van de bol op
THE HAITI CASE STUDY Working Paper of the collaborative NATO-Harvard project
Mootha, Vamsi K.
1 THE HAITI CASE STUDY Working Paper of the collaborative NATO-Harvard project: TOWARDS THE HAITI CASE STUDY Working Paper of the collaborative NATO-Harvard project: Towards a Comprehensive;THE HAITI CASE STUDY 27 June 2012 FOREWORD A joint study team from NATO's Joint Analysis and Lessons
SymPowerco Corporation | Open Energy Information
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page onYou are now leaving Energy.gov You are now leaving Energy.gov You are being directedAnnualProperty Edit with formSoutheastern ILSunseeker EnergySuzhou SmallSwastiSwissSymPowerco
Saving NATO's Foundation John Deutch, Arnold Kanter, and Brent Scowcroft
Deutch, John
of the nato alliance--and ultimately its future--is increasingly at risk. The costs of inaction mount daily of their mili- tary forces and thus have been slow to take advantage of advances in technology of Technology and served as Undersecretary of Defense for Acquisition and Technology, Deputy Secretary
NLO Evolution of Color Dipoles in N = 4 SYM
Giovanni A. Chirilli
The small-$x_B$ deep inelastic scattering in the saturation region is governed by the non-linear evolution of Wilson-line operators. In the leading logarithmic approximation it is given by the BK equation for the evolution of color dipoles. I discuss recent calculation of the next-to-leading order evolution of color dipoles in QCD and ${\\cal N}=4$ SYM.
Zeolite-catalyzed ring-shift isomerization of sym-Octahydrophenanthrene into sym-Octahydroanthracene. Experimental results and calculated equilibrium compositions
Lai, Wei-Chuan; Song, Chunshan [Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park, PA (United States); Duin Adri van; Leeuw, J.W. de [Netherlands Institute of Sea Research, Den Burg (Netherlands)
Phenanthrene and its derivatives are abundant in coal-derived liquids from coal carbonization, pyrolysis, and liquefaction; however, they are used in industries only to a limited extent despite of considerable efforts. On the other hand, their isomers, anthracene and its derivatives such as sym-octahydroanthracene (sym-OHA), are more useful materials for industrial applications. Anthracene and its derivatives may be used as the starting materials for the manufacturing of anthraquinone (an effective pulping accelerator), pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA, the monomer for polyimides such as Du Pont`s Kapton), and dyestuffs. Thus, it is desirable to convert phenanthrenes to anthracenes. This paper discusses the isomerization of sym-octahydrophenanthrene into sym-OHA.
Super-Rķnyi entropy & Wilson loops for N = 4 SYM and their gravity duals
Dyer, Ethan
We compute the supersymmetric Rķnyi entropies across a spherical entanglement surface in N = 4 SU(N) SYM theory using localization on the four-dimensional ellipsoid. We extract the leading result at large N and ? and match ...
Deductive Program Design: Proceedings of the 1994 Marktoberdorf Summer School. NATO ASI Series F, SpringerVerlag, 1995.
Abramsky, Samson
Deductive Program Design: Proceedings of the 1994 Marktoberdorf Summer School. NATO ASI Series F in ASProc : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 41 5.3 Safety and Specifications 46 6.1 Fair Computations and Liveness Properties : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 50 6
Conformal invariance of the planar beta-deformed N=4 SYM theory requires beta real
Federico Elmetti; Andrea Mauri; Silvia Penati; Alberto Santambrogio; Daniela Zanon
We study the \\cal{N}=1 SU(N) SYM theory which is a marginal deformation of the \\cal{N}=4 theory, with a complex deformation parameter \\beta. We consider the large N limit and study perturbatively the conformal invariance condition. We find that finiteness requires reality of the deformation parameter \\beta.
Dropped in Tripoli; Exploded in New York: Assessing the Collateral Consequences of NATO's [Mis]leading Intervention in Libya
Volesky, Bohumil
]leading Intervention in Libya Eberechi Ifeonu* "The strong do what they have the power to do and the weak accept what, Justin Bieber ┬Ł NATO announced the end of its "humanitarian mission" in Libya. While the mood, with the media curiously predicting that "after Gadhafi, Libya's oil will flow ┬Ł slowly." This paper interrogates
Wilson loops in N=4 SYM theory: rotation in S5
A. A. Tseytlin; K. Zarembo
We study Wilson loops in N=4 SYM theory which are non-constant in the scalar (S5) directions and open string solutions associated with them in the context of AdS/CFT correspondence. An interplay between Minkowskian and Euclidean pictures turns out to be non-trivial for time-dependent Wilson loops. We find that in the S5-rotating case there appears to be no direct open-string duals for the Minkowskian Wilson loops, and their expectation values should be obtained by analytic continuation from the Euclidean-space results. In the Euclidean case, we determine the dependence of the ``quark - anti-quark'' potential on the rotation parameter, both at weak coupling (i.e. in the 1-loop perturbative SYM theory) and at strong coupling (i.e. in the classical string theory in AdS5 x S5).
Towards one-loop SYM amplitudes from the pure spinor BRST cohomology
Carlos R. Mafra; Oliver Schlotterer
In this paper, we outline a method to compute supersymmetric one-loop integrands in ten-dimensional SYM theory. It relies on the constructive interplay between their cubic-graph organization and BRST invariance of the underlying pure spinor superstring description. The five- and six-point amplitudes are presented in a manifestly local form where the kinematic dependence is furnished by BRST-covariant expressions in pure spinor superspace. At five points, the local kinematic numerators are shown to satisfy the BCJ duality between color and kinematics leading to supergravity amplitudes as a byproduct. At six points, the sources of the hexagon anomaly are identified in superspace as systematic obstructions to BRST invariance. Our results are expected to reproduce any integrated SYM amplitude in dimensions $D< 8$.
Angular Momentum and Gravimagnetization of the ${\\cal N}=2$ SYM vacuum
A. Gorsky
In this note we discuss the gravimagnetization of the ${\\cal N}=2$ SYM vacuum in the $\\Omega$-background. It is argued that the Seiberg-Witten prepotential is related to the vacuum density of the angular momentum in the Euclidean $R^4$ space. The possible role of the dyonic instantons as the microscopic angular momentum carriers which could yield the spontaneous vacuum gravimagnetization is conjectured. We interpret the dyonic instanton as a kind of the Euclidean bounce in $R^4$ similar to one responsible for the Schwinger pair creation. The induced angular momentum in $R^4$ is also briefly considered in the dual Liouville formulation of $SU(2)$ theory via AGT relation.
Orientifold daughter of N=4 SYM and double-trace running
Pedro Liendo
We study the orientifold daughter of N=4 super Yang-Mills as a candidate non-supersymmetric large N conformal field theory. In a theory with vanishing single-trace beta functions that contains scalars in the adjoint representation, conformal invariance might still be broken by renormalization of double-trace terms to leading order at large N. In this note we perform a diagrammatic analysis and argue that the orientifold daughter does not suffer from double-trace running. This implies an exact large N equivalence between this theory and a subsector of N=4 SYM.
Gauge/Gravity Duality, Green Functions of N=2 SYM and Radial/Energy-Scale Relation
Xiao-Jun Wang; Seng Hu
We consider supergravity configuration of D5 branes wrapped on supersymmetric 2-cycles and use it to calculate one-point and two-point Green functions of some special operators in N=2 super Yang-Mills theory. We show that Green functions obtained from supergravity include two very different parts. One of them corresponds to perturbative results of quantum field theory, and another is a non-perturbative effect which corresponds to contribution from instantons with fractional charge. Comparing Green functions obtained from supergravity and gauge theory, we obtain radial/energy-scale relation for this gauge/gravity correspondence with N=2 supersymmetry. This relation leads right beta-function of N=2 SYM from supergravity configuration.
The history of NATO TNF policy: The role of studies, analysis and exercises conference proceedings. Volume 1, Introduction and summary
Rinne, R.L. [ed.
This conference was organized to study and analyze the role of simulation, analysis, modeling, and exercises in the history of NATO policy. The premise was not that the results of past studies will apply to future policy, but rather that understanding what influenced the decision process -- and how -- would be of value. The structure of the conference was built around discussion panels. The panels were augmented by a series of papers and presentations focusing on particular TNF events, issues, studies or exercise. The conference proceedings consist of three volumes. This volume, Volume 1, contains the conference introduction, agenda, biographical sketches of principal participants, and analytical summary of the presentations and discussion panels. Volume 2 contains a short introduction and the papers and presentations from the conference. Volume 3 contains selected papers by Brig. Gen. Robert C. Richardson III (Ret.).
The history of NATO TNF policy: The role of studies, analysis and exercises conference proceedings. Volume 2: Papers and presentations
Rinne, R.L.
This conference was organized to study and analyze the role of simulation, analysis, modeling, and exercises in the history of NATO policy. The premise was not that the results of past studies will apply to future policy, but rather that understanding what influenced the decision process -- and how -- would be of value. The structure of the conference was built around discussion panels. The panels were augmented by a series of papers and presentations focusing on particular TNF events, issues, studies, or exercises. The conference proceedings consist of three volumes. Volume 1 contains the conference introduction, agenda, biographical sketches of principal participants, and analytical summary of the presentations and panels. This volume contains a short introduction and the papers and presentations from the conference. Volume 3 contains selected papers by Brig. Gen. Robert C. Richardson III (Ret.). Individual papers in this volume were abstracted and indexed for the database.
Chiral low-energy physics from squashed branes in deformed ${\\cal N}=4$ SYM
Harold C. Steinacker
We discuss the low-energy physics which arises on stacks of squashed brane solutions of $SU(N)$ ${\\cal N}=4$ SYM, deformed by a cubic soft SUSY breaking potential. A brane configuration is found which leads to a low-energy physics similar to the standard model in the broken phase, assuming suitable VEV's of the scalar zero modes. Due to the triple self-intersection of the branes, the matter content includes that of the MSSM with precisely 3 generations and right-handed neutrinos. No exotic quantum numbers arise, however there are extra chiral superfields with the quantum numbers of the Higgs doublets, the $W,Z$, $e_R$ and $u_R$, whose fate depends on the details of the rich Higgs sector. The chiral low-energy sector is complemented by a heavy mirror sector with the opposite chiralities, as well as super-massive Kaluza-Klein towers completing the ${\\cal N}=4$ multiplets. The sectors are protected by two gauged global $U(1)$ symmetries.
Chiral low-energy physics from squashed branes in deformed ${\\cal N}=4$ SYM
Steinacker, Harold C
We discuss the low-energy physics which arises on stacks of squashed brane solutions of $SU(N)$ ${\\cal N}=4$ SYM, deformed by a cubic soft SUSY breaking potential. A brane configuration is found which leads to a low-energy physics similar to the standard model in the broken phase, assuming suitable VEV's of the scalar zero modes. Due to the triple self-intersection of the branes, the matter content includes that of the MSSM with precisely 3 generations and right-handed neutrinos. No exotic quantum numbers arise, however there are extra chiral superfields with the quantum numbers of the Higgs doublets, the $W,Z$, $e_R$ and $u_R$, whose fate depends on the details of the rich Higgs sector. The chiral low-energy sector is complemented by a heavy mirror sector with the opposite chiralities, as well as super-massive Kaluza-Klein towers completing the ${\\cal N}=4$ multiplets. The sectors are protected by two gauged global $U(1)$ symmetries.
Quantum Spectral Curve at Work: From Small Spin to Strong Coupling in N=4 SYM
Nikolay Gromov; Fedor Levkovich-Maslyuk; Grigory Sizov; Saulius Valatka
We apply the recently proposed quantum spectral curve technique to the study of twist operators in planar N=4 SYM theory. We focus on the small spin expansion of anomalous dimensions in the sl(2) sector and compute its first two orders exactly for any value of the 't Hooft coupling. At leading order in the spin S we reproduced Basso's slope function. The next term of order S^2 structurally resembles the Beisert-Eden-Staudacher dressing phase and takes into account wrapping contributions. This expansion contains rich information about the spectrum of local operators at strong coupling. In particular, we found a new coefficient in the strong coupling expansion of the Konishi operator dimension and confirmed several previously known terms. We also obtained several new orders of the strong coupling expansion of the BFKL pomeron intercept. As a by-product we formulated a prescription for the correct analytical continuation in S which opens a way for deriving the BFKL regime of twist two anomalous dimensions from AdS/CFT integrability.
On the internal space dependence of the static quark-antiquark potential in ${\\cal N}=4$ SYM plasma wind
Harald Dorn; Thanh Hai Ngo
We study the effect of the relative S^5-angle of a quark and an antiquark on their static potential and the related screening length in a strongly coupled moving ${\\cal N}=4$ SYM plasma. The large velocity scaling law for the screening length holds for any relative S^5-angle $\\theta$. However, the velocity independent prefactor Z strongly depends on $\\theta$. For comparison with QCD we propose to average Z over all relative orientations on S^5. This generates a suppression factor relative to the case $\\theta =0$.
Journal of Counter-Ordnance Technology (Sixth International Sym um on Technology and Mine Problem, NPS, 10-13 Uncertainty in Acoustic Mine Detection Due to
Chu, Peter C.
alternative to nuclear submarines. Technological advancements in battery design have resulted in higherJournal of Counter-Ordnance Technology (Sixth International Sym um on Technology and Mine Problem advantage of nuclear submarines is negligible to these countries. Mines come in a multitude of variations
This is the preprint of an article which appeared in the Austrian Grid Sym-posium Proceedings as published by the Austrian Computer Society (http
Uhl, Andreas
This is the preprint of an article which appeared in the Austrian Grid Sym- posium Proceedings Abstract. GVid is a Grid service that enables the secure and transparent integration and develop- ment of graphical user interface applications in the Grid. It separates the potentially computation- ally complex
The history of NATO TNF policy: The role of studies, analysis and exercises conference proceedings. Volume 3: Papers by Gen. Robert C. Richardson III (Ret.)
Rinne, R.L. [ed.
This conference was organized to study and analyze the role of simulation, analysis, modeling, and exercises in the history of NATO policy. The premise was not that the results of past studies will apply to future policy, but rather that understanding what influenced the decision process-and how-would be of value. The structure of the conference was built around discussion panels. The panels were augmented by a series of papers and presentations focusing on particular TNF events, issues, studies, or exercises. The conference proceedings consist of three volumes. Volume 1 contains the conference introduction, agenda, biographical sketches of principal participants, and analytical summary of the presentations and discussion panels. Volume 2 contains a short introduction and the papers and presentations from the conference. This volume contains selected papers by Brig. Gen. Robert C. Richardson III (Ret.).
Jet-quenching of the rotating heavy meson in a ${\\mathcal{N}}$=4 SYM plasma in presence of a constant electric field
J. Sadeghi; B. Pourhassan
In this paper, we consider a rotating heavy quark-antiquark ($q\\bar{q}$) pair in a ${\\mathcal{N}}$=4 SYM thermal plasma. We assume that $q\\bar{q}$ center of mass moves at the speed $v$ and furthermore they rotate around the center of mass. We use the AdS/CFT correspondence and consider the effect of external electromagnetic field on the motion of the rotating meson. Then we calculate the jet-quenching parameter corresponding to the rotating meson in the constant electric field.
Bol. Soc. Esp. Mat. Apl. 43(2008), 2755
Gisclon, Marguerite
related to isothermal gas chromatography. These models describe a fixed bed adsorption process by the pores, thus generating stationary phase in the column (fixed bed adsorption). In the modelling the sample (liquid or gas) is fed continuously into the chromatographic bed. In frontal chromatography
Bol. Soc. Esp. Mat. Apl. no 0 (0000), 16
Ipsen, Ilse
to display web pages, the search engine Google computes the PageRank vector, whose entries are the PageRanks of the web pages. The PageRank vector is the stationary distribution of a stochastic matrix, the Google represents the link structure of the web graph and a second, rank-one matrix, mimics the random behaviour
Midterm Exam: Chemistry 223 McGill University
Ronis, David M.
Midterm Exam: Chemistry 223 McGill University INSTRUCTIONS 1. No books or notes are permitted. 2;Midterm Exam -2- Chemistry 223 1. (20%) Derive the the expression for ZA,B the number of collisions and to define any sym- bols. 5. (20%) Gasoline is a mixture of various aliphatic hydrocarbons, however, here we
Heidelberg University Institute of Environmental Physics
Roth, Kurt
geothermal gradient (red line) is 0.014 K m-1 . The deviation from the mean temperature (green sym- bols, the fluctuations become negligible and the tem- perature profile is dominated by the geothermal heat flux which results from the cooling of the Earth's core and from radioactive decay. It amounts to some 0.05 W m-2
Maritime strategy in the defense of NATO
Lehman, J.F. Jr.
In this book the author addresses the new strategic realities - the Asian economic revolution, changing patterns of raw material dependency, development of a Soviet bluewater navy, and the decline of U.S. industrial capacity - and advances the importance of technology in maintaining a sufficient naval capacity.
Critical phenomena in N=4 SYM plasma
Alex Buchel
Strongly coupled N=4 supersymmetric Yang-Mills plasma at finite temperature and chemical potential for an R-symmetry charge undergoes a second order phase transition. We demonstrate that this phase transition is of the mean field theory type. We explicitly show that the model is in the dynamical universality class of 'model B' according to the classification of Hohenberg and Halperine, with dynamical critical exponent z=4. We study bulk viscosity in the mass deformed version of this theory in the vicinity of the phase transition. We point out that all available models of bulk viscosity at continuous phase transition are in conflict with our explicit holographic computations.
The Fish Barcode of Life (FISH-BOL) special issue ROBERT HANNER1
DeSalle, Rob
D. WARD3 , & SERGIOS-ORESTIS KOLOKOTRONIS2 1 Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada N1G 2W1, 2 Sackler Institute for Comparative Genomics, American Museum of Natural (Triantafyllidis et al. 2011), to Oceania (Smith et al. 2011) and South America (Carvalho et al. 2011b; Pereira et
Universidad Sim'on Bol'ivar Departamento de Computaci'on y
Meza, Oscar J.
por extensi'on como sigue: TipoArea=fmatematicas,fisica,quimica,biologia,ingles,sociales, computacion
Derk Bol, Materials Innovation Institute M2i (Netherlands) M2i, Material
Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) Indexed Site
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Google Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels DataDepartment of Energy Your Density Isn't Your Destiny:Revised Finding of No53197E T A * S H I E L D *Department of EnergyScarcity
NATO Science for Peaceand Security Series This Series presents the results of scientific meetings supported under the NATO
'universities incl'ude curricular enhancement through projects related to topics such as energy, food systems, waste, NY, U.S.A. and Olena Borysova Department of EnvironmentalEngineering and Management Kharkiv National Biology Department lthaca College Ithaca, NY, U.S.A. Lia Stelljes Physics Department lthaca College Ithaca
Parton picture for the strongly coupled SYM plasma
E. Iancu
Deep inelastic scattering off the strongly coupled N=4 supersymmetric Yang-Mills plasma at finite temperature can be computed within the AdS/CFT correspondence, with results which are suggestive of a parton picture for the plasma. Via successive branchings, essentially all partons cascade down to very small values of the longitudinal momentum fraction x and to transverse momenta smaller than the saturation momentum Q_s\\sim T/x. This scale Q_s controls the plasma interactions with a hard probe, in particular, the jet energy loss and its transverse momentum broadening.
Progress in study of N=4 SYM effective action
I. L. Buchbinder
We review the basic results concerning the structure of effective action in N=4 supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory in Coulomb phase. Various classical formulations of this theory are considered. We show that the low-energy effective action depending on all fileds of N=4 vector multiplet can be exactly found. This result is discussed on the base of algebraic analysis exploring the general harmonic superspace techniques and on the base of straightforward quantum field theory calculations using the N=2 supersymmetric background field method. We study the one-loop effective action beyond leading low-energy approximation and construct supersymmetric generalization of Heisenberg-Euler-Schwinger effective action depending on all fields of N=4 vector multiplet. We also consider the derivation of leading low-enrgy effective action at two loops.
Progress in study of N=4 SYM effective action
Buchbinder, I L
We review the basic results concerning the structure of effective action in N=4 supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory in Coulomb phase. Various classical formulations of this theory are considered. We show that the low-energy effective action depending on all fileds of N=4 vector multiplet can be exactly found. This result is discussed on the base of algebraic analysis exploring the general harmonic superspace techniques and on the base of straightforward quantum field theory calculations using the N=2 supersymmetric background field method. We study the one-loop effective action beyond leading low-energy approximation and construct supersymmetric generalization of Heisenberg-Euler-Schwinger effective action depending on all fields of N=4 vector multiplet. We also consider the derivation of leading low-enrgy effective action at two loops.
The blackcheek tonguefish, Sym-phurus plagiusa (Linnaeus, 1766),
, Symphurus plagiusa (Cynoglossidae: Pleuronectiformes), in Chesapeake Bay, Virginia* Mark R. Terwilliger University Corvallis, Oregon 97331 E-mail address: firstname.lastname@example.com Thomas A. Munroe National Marine
Sym-Bobenko formula for minimal surfaces in Heisenberg space
Paris-Sud XI, Universitķ de
] in the case of surfaces with negative constant (Gauss) curvature in euclidean space. A. I. Bobenko applied: Ę, Ę = dx2 1 + dx2 2 + 1 2 (x2dx1 - x1dx2) + dx3 2 . We call canonical frame the orthonormal frame (E1, E2
NATO CCMS Pilot Study on Clean Products and Processes 2003 Annual Meeting, May 11 -15, 2003
Pike, Ralph W.
.edu, email@example.com c Lamar University, Beaumont, TX 77710, email@example.com, email@example.com
Film-Flam: How MPAA/NATO movie labels hide the biggest media risk to kids
Polansky, Jonathan R.; Mitchell, Shelley; Glantz, Stanton A.
News Corp. News Corp. News Corp. News Corp. News Corp. SonySonySony Sony Sony Sony Sony Sony Sony Sony Sony Sony Sony Sony
Broecker, Eds. (NATO ASI series, Springer-Verlag, Berlin/Heidelberg, Germany, 1992), pp. 141153.
Zare, Richard N.
. 26699. 38. We thank the Lake Suigetsu Scientific Drilling Team led by Y. Yasuda; M Nishimura trapping, capillary electrophoresis separation, and a laser-induced fluorescence detection. With the use
Chromidio: an interface for color tracking with key frames in Max and Nato
Tucker, Amy Rebecca
11 QuickTime Movie Input 11 Interactive Color Picking 12 Key Frames 12 Useful Output 14 File Management 16 C.play I 6 IV I M P L E M E N T A T I O N A N D RESULTS 17 Chromidio User Interface 17 QuickTime Movie Display and Playback 22 vi i... CHAPTER Page Interactive Color Picking 26 Key Frame Management 27 Data Analysis and Output 32 Project File Management 36 C.play 39 User Interface 39 Mathematical Functions and F ilters 41 MIDI Implementations 44 Output : 46 Results Using C...
Nato Workshop: Embedded Security August 2005 1 Challenges In Deeply Networked
Koopman, Philip
of internal combustion to battery power in the car's engine, based on data from the internal vehicle sensors the servers and commands all hybrid vehicles to perform 100% internal combustion on a smoggy day? What happens
Universidad Sim'on Bol'ivar Dpto. de Computaci'on y Tecnolog'ia de la Informaci'on
Cardinale Villarreal, Yudith C.
Investigaci'on en Sistemas Paralelos y Distribuidos Evaluaci'on de Arquitecturas de Multihilos para (Multithreads) en ORBs ffl Permiten ejecutar varias operaciones en forma simult'anea. ffl Simplifican el dise
Universidad Sim#n Bol#var Departamento de Computaci#n y Tecnolog#a de la Informaci#n
Meza, Oscar J.
pseudoŁlenguaje con una sola guardia. Por ello, contamos con el siguiente esquema de traducci#n: i do una iteraci#n equivalente de una sola guardia. Veamos los casos de 2 y 3 guardias, dejando al lector#n unitaria (esto es, con una sola guardia), que es entonces traducible a un while de Java. 2 Otras
Universidad Sim#n Bol#var Departamento de Computaci#n y Tecnolog#a de la Informaci#n
Meza, Oscar J.
[] :B ! I 1 ° j . El segundo corresponde a construir un condicional con una sola rama i if (B) I j , que esta #ltima instrucci#n que, aunque haya una sola instrucci#n simple dentro del cuerpo del condicional programador requiere inicialmente una sola insŁ trucci#n simple dentro de una rama de un condicional, la cual
Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras -INVEMAR 191 Bol. Invest. Mar. Cost. 39 (1) ISSN 0122-9761 Santa Marta, Colombia, 2010
Nacional Aut¾noma de Mķxico, Universidad
0122-9761 Santa Marta, Colombia, 2010 NOTA: FAUNA NOCTURNA ASOCIADA A LOS MANGLARES Y OTROS HUMEDALES, ProCAT Colombia/Internacional. email@example.com, firstname.lastname@example.com 2Universidad Nacional de Colombia sede Caribe, CECIMAR/INVEMAR, Cerro Punta BetĒn, Santa Marta
Universidad Sim'on Bol'ivar Dpto. de Computaci'on y Tecnolog'ia de la Informaci'on
Cardinale Villarreal, Yudith C.
Simulaciones Quantum ffl Constituye una de las actividades de NPAC para realizar simulaciones Monte Carlo. ffl
The Higgs boson mass and SUSY spectra in 10D SYM theory with magnetized extra dimensions
Hiroyuki Abe; Junichiro Kawamura; Keigo Sumita
We study the Higgs boson mass and the spectrum of supersymmetric (SUSY) particles in the well-motivated particle physics model derived from a ten-dimensional supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory compactified on three factorizable tori with magnetic fluxes. This model was proposed in a previous work, where the flavor structures of the standard model including the realistic Yukawa hierarchies are obtained from non-hierarchical input parameters on the magnetized background. Assuming moduli- and anomaly-mediated contributions dominate the soft SUSY breaking terms, we study the precise SUSY spectra and analyze the Higgs boson mass in this mode, which are compared with the latest experimental data.
Thermal N = 4 SYM theory as a 2D Coulomb gas
Sean A. Hartnoll; S. Prem Kumar
We consider N = 4 supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory with SU(N) gauge group at large N and at finite temperature on a spatial S^3. We show that, at finite weak 't Hooft coupling, the theory is naturally described as a two dimensional Coulomb gas of complex eigenvalues of the Polyakov-Maldacena loop, valued on the cylinder. In the low temperature confined phase the eigenvalues condense onto a strip encircling the cylinder, while the high temperature deconfined phase is characterised by an ellipsoidal droplet of eigenvalues.
Energy Loss of Gluons, Baryons and k-Quarks in an N=4 SYM Plasma
Mariano Chernicoff; Alberto Guijosa
We consider different types of external color sources that move through a strongly-coupled thermal N=4 super-Yang-Mills plasma, and calculate, via the AdS/CFT correspondence, the dissipative force (or equivalently, the rate of energy loss) they experience. A bound state of k quarks in the totally antisymmetric representation is found to feel a force with a nontrivial k-dependence. Our result for k=1 (or k=N-1) agrees at large N with the one obtained recently by Herzog et al. and Gubser, but contains in addition an infinite series of 1/N corrections. The baryon (k=N) is seen to experience no drag. Finally, a heavy gluon is found to be subject to a force which at large N is twice as large as the one experienced by a heavy quark, in accordance with gauge theory expectations.
Restoration of supersymmetry in two-dimensional SYM with sixteen supercharges on the lattice
Eric GiguĶre; Daisuke Kadoh
We perform lattice simulations of two-dimensional supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory with sixteen supercharges with a lattice action which has two exact supercharges (Sugino lattice action). According to the gauge/gravity duality, the theory at finite temperature is expected to be well described by the corresponding black 1-branes, at low temperature in the large N limit. We aim to confirm the duality conjecture by comparing the lattice results with the theoretical predictions obtained in the gravity side. In this article, at the beginning of this study, we examine the supersymmetric Ward-Takahashi identity to test whether the lattice action reproduces the correct continuum theory. Numerical results of the SUSY WTI strongly suggest us that any cut-off effects, which break supersymmetry, disappear in the continuum limit. In addition, we study the issue of degenerate vacua and find that the admissiblilty condition or any other constraints of the link fields which guarantee the unique vacuum are not always needed.
Restoration of supersymmetry in two-dimensional SYM with sixteen supercharges on the lattice
GiguĶre, Eric
We perform lattice simulations of two-dimensional supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory with sixteen supercharges with a lattice action which has two exact supercharges (Sugino lattice action). According to the gauge/gravity duality, the theory at finite temperature is expected to be well described by the corresponding black 1-branes, at low temperature in the large N limit. We aim to confirm the duality conjecture by comparing the lattice results with the theoretical predictions obtained in the gravity side. In this article, at the beginning of this study, we examine the supersymmetric Ward-Takahashi identity to test whether the lattice action reproduces the correct continuum theory. Numerical results of the SUSY WTI strongly suggest us that any cut-off effects, which break supersymmetry, disappear in the continuum limit. In addition, we study the issue of degenerate vacua and find that the admissiblilty condition or any other constraints of the link fields which guarantee the unique vacuum are not always needed.
EU NATO Advanced Research Workshop "Hybrid SolarWind Systems: Effective Implementation Conditions", Tashkent, Uzbekistan, 2224 May, 2002.
Paris-Sud XI, Universitķ de
for the rural electrification and to open access to energy for all. Before making investment in this domain
U.S.-Russian experts NATO collaborative research grant exchange visit meeting on excess Pu ceramics formulations and characterizations
Jardine, L.J., LLNL
This document contains the agenda and meeting notes. Topics of discussion included US Pu disposition ceramics activities, Russian experience and proposals in Pu ceramics, and development of possible Russian ceramic proposals or collaborations.
Tsunami Information Sources: Part 4 (With a section on impulsively generated waves by a rapid mass movement, either submerged, or into a body of water)
Wiegel, Robert L.
Generation, Modeling, Risk and Mitigation, NATO Science Series, IV,Generation, Modeling, Risk and Mitigation, NATO Science Series, IV,Generation, Modeling, Risk and Mitigation, Istanbul, Turkey, May 23-26, 2001, NATO Science Series, IV,
Bol. Mus. Para. Emlio Goeldi. Cincias Humanas, Belm, v. 3, n. 2, p. 195-211, maio-ago. 2008 A cidade, um foco de diversidade agrcola no Rio Negro (Amazonas, Brasil)?
Paris-Sud XI, Universit├® de
A cidade, um foco de diversidade agr├Łcola no Rio Negro (Amazonas, Brasil)? The urban area, a center pour le D├®veloppement. Unit├® de Recherche 200, Bras├Łlia, Brasil (firstname.lastname@example.com). II;A cidade, um foco de diversidade agr├Łcola no Rio Negro (Amazonas, Brasil)? 196 INTRODU├?├?O O
U.N. Security Council Issues Condemnation of Syria Attack
that might repeat the NATO military intervention in Libya, and despite strong statements, the West has
Arguing for Decisions: A Qualitative Model of Decision Making
Bonet, Blai
Universidad Simon Bol var Aptdo. 89000, Caracas 1080-A Venezuela Hector Ge ner Dpto. de Computacion Universidad Simon Bol var Aptdo. 89000, Caracas 1080-A Venezuela Abstract We develop a qualitative model
Learning sorting and decision trees with POMDPs Departamento de Computacion
Bonet, Blai
Simon Bol var Aptdo. 89000, Caracas 1080-A Venezuela email@example.com Hector Ge ner Departamento de Computacion Universidad Simon Bol var Aptdo. 89000, Caracas 1080-A Venezuela email@example.com Abstract pomdps
CAON THE TRAIL OF LIVING MODIFIED ORGANISMS: Environmentalism within and against Neoliberal Order
Wu, Mingshen
for export to the United States. Notable for her small stature and curly dark hair, Ana Julia Arana Bol
technology for nuclear fusion, billed as the clean, safe, inexhaustible energy source of the future into village Serbia's NATO ambitions hinge on Karadzic arrest: NATO chief SPACEDAILY NEWS Feb 20, 2004
Infinite calculus and Types ? Alessandro Berarducci
Torino, Universit├Ā di
and functional programming'' held in Torino, ? Partly supported by ESPRIT BRA 7232 GENTZEN and by NATO Grant
Enhancing Pilot Performance with a SymBodic Walter Karlen*, Member, IEEE, Sylvain Cardin, Daniel Thalmann, Dario Floreano, Senior Member, IEEE
Floreano, Dario
]. The project aims to prove the concept of flying over long distances with renewable energies only. Until now, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; *Corresponding author, e-mail: email@example.com D. Floreano
Fulp, Errin W.
in 1999, which involved NATO and Serbia Ł Largely an air campaign from NATO's perspective Ę NATO claimed." " Ę However Serbia used several deception techniques... E. W. Fulp CSC 790 Spring 2014 3 #12;Serbian Deception for any attack Ł Passive and active techniques to gather information Ł 70% time/energy devoted
Fulp, Errin W.
in 1999, which involved NATO and Serbia -- Largely an air campaign from NATO's perspective . NATO claimed.'' '' . However Serbia used several deception techniques... E. W. Fulp CSC 790 Spring 2014 3 #12; Serbian to gather information -- 70% time/energy devoted to this stage --
Automatic Reductions from PH into STRIPS or How to Generate Short Problems with Very Long Solutions
Bonet, Blai
Aldo Porco Departamento de Computaci┬┤on Universidad Sim┬┤on Bol┬┤ivar Caracas, Venezuela firstname.lastname@example.com Alejandro Machado Departamento de Computaci┬┤on Universidad Sim┬┤on Bol┬┤ivar Caracas, Venezuela email@example.com Blai Bonet Departamento de Computaci┬┤on Universidad Sim┬┤on Bol┬┤ivar Caracas, Venezuela bonet
Automatic Polytime Reductions of NP Problems into a Fragment of STRIPS
Bonet, Blai
Computaci┬┤on Universidad Sim┬┤on Bol┬┤ivar Caracas, Venezuela email@example.com Alejandro Machado Departamento de Computaci┬┤on Universidad Sim┬┤on Bol┬┤ivar Caracas, Venezuela firstname.lastname@example.com Blai Bonet Departamento de Computaci┬┤on Universidad Sim┬┤on Bol┬┤ivar Caracas, Venezuela firstname.lastname@example.com Abstract We
Depto. Computacin y T. I. Universidad Simn Bolvar
Cardinale Villarreal, Yudith C.
Depto. Computaci├│n y T. I. Universidad Sim├│n Bol├Łvar Caracas, Venezuela Prof. Yudith Cardinale, Ph Yudith Cardinale, PhD Universidad Sim├│n Bol├Łvar Caracas, Venezuela Octobre 2009 #12;Depto. Computaci├│n y T. I. Universidad Sim├│n Bol├Łvar Caracas, Venezuela Prof. Yudith Cardinale, PhD Universit├® de Paris
alimentos na universidade: Topics by E-print Network
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M. C. 9 PANTONE 201 PANTONE black tiro Universidad Physics Websites Summary: en Ciencia de los Alimentos y Nutricin Valle de Sartenejas, Universidad Simn Bol-var...
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Maier, Rudolf Richard
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Maier, Rudolf Richard
/604, Asa Norte, CEP: 70840901 telefone (61)34485344, e-mail email@example.com. HOSPITAL UNIVERSITÁRIO DE
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Maier, Rudolf Richard
/604, Asa Norte, CEP: 70840901 telefone (61)34485344, e-mail firstname.lastname@example.com. Preg├Żo N┬║. 305/2014 HOSPITAL
CPL -COMISSO PERMANENTE DE LICITAO Hospital universitrio de Braslia -SGAN Quadras 604/604, Asa Norte, CEP: 70840901 telefone (61)34485344, e-mail
Maier, Rudolf Richard
/604, Asa Norte, CEP: 70840901 telefone (61)34485344, e-mail firstname.lastname@example.com. Preg├Żo N┬║. 371/2013 HOSPITAL
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Maier, Rudolf Richard
/604, Asa Norte, CEP: 70840901 telefone (61)34485344, e-mail firstname.lastname@example.com. Preg├Żo N┬║. 333/2013 HOSPITAL
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Maier, Rudolf Richard
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Maier, Rudolf Richard
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Maier, Rudolf Richard
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Maier, Rudolf Richard
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, Universidad Sim├│n Bol├Łvar Apartado 89000 Sartenejas, Baruta, Edo. Miranda, Venezuela 6 CABI┬ŁEurope, CAB
Tamaru, Hiroshi
/3) : (SLn(R), SO(n), ) : ( ) . sln(R) = { } Sym0 n(R). SO(n) Sym0 n(R). ( ): (G, K, ) : , g : G (= TeG
Hazen, T. C., A. J. Tien, A. Worsztynowicz, D. J. Altman, K. Ulfig, and T. Manko. 2003. Biopiles for Remediation of Petroleum-Contaminated Soils: A Polish Case Study. NATO Advanced Research
Hazen, Terry
. ALTMAN2 , K. ULFIG3 , AND T. MANKO3 1 Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, MS 70A-3317, One Cyclotron Rd., Berkeley, CA 94720 USA, 2 Westinghouse Savannah River Company, Bldg 704-8T, Aiken, SC 29808 USA
Jessy W. Grizzle received the Ph.D. in electrical engineering from The University of Texas at Austin in 1983 and in 1984 held an NSF-NATO Postdoctoral
Eustice, Ryan
of nonlinear systems and control, including geometric methods for continuous- and discrete-time systems Control Systems Society; and with J. Sun (Univ. of Michigan) and J. Cook (Ford), the 2003 IEEE Control Systems Society Technology Award. He has served as Associate Editor for the Transactions on Automatic
Principe de Curie et application
Paris-Sud 11, Universit├® de
sym├®tries ┬Ę Flambage /mm ? ┬Ę Hydrodynamique ┬Ę Double ballon RRc Figures de Chladni M├®tastabilit├®
Supplement 12, Authors: A To Z
Doss, Mildred A.; Humphrey, Judith M.; Segal, Dorothy B.
Book of Fur Farming. Every Day Reference Guide for All Ranchers. Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Bol. Funda??o Gon?alo Moniz, Bahia.?Boletim da Funda??o Gon?alo Moniz. Bahia, Brasil. Bol. Mus. Paraense Emilio Goeldi.?Boletim do Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi...
Automatic Derivation of Memoryless Policies and Finite-State Controllers Using Classical Planners
Geffner, Hector
Blai Bonet Universidad Sim┬┤on Bol┬┤ivar Caracas, Venezuela firstname.lastname@example.com H┬┤ector Palacios Universidad Sim┬┤on Bol┬┤ivar Caracas, Venezuela email@example.com H┬┤ector Geffner ICREA & Univ. Pompeu Fabra Barcelona
Automatic Derivation of Finite-State Machines for Behavior Control Universidad Simon Bolivar
Bonet, Blai
┬┤on Bol┬┤ivar Caracas, Venezuela email@example.com H┬┤ector Palacios Universidad Sim┬┤on Bol┬┤ivar Caracas, Venezuela firstname.lastname@example.com H┬┤ector Geffner ICREA & Universitat Pompeu Fabra Barcelona, SPAIN hector
Learning sorting and decision trees with POMDPs Departamento de Computaci'on
Geffner, Hector
Sim'on Bol'ivar Aptdo. 89000, Caracas 1080┬ŁA Venezuela firstname.lastname@example.com H'ector Geffner Departamento de Computaci'on Universidad Sim'on Bol'ivar Aptdo. 89000, Caracas 1080┬ŁA Venezuela email@example.com Abstract
A Complete Algorithm for Generating Landmarks Departamento de Computacion
Bonet, Blai
Sim┬┤on Bol┬┤ivar Caracas, Venezuela email@example.com Julio Castillo Departamento de Computaci┬┤on Universidad Sim┬┤on Bol┬┤ivar Caracas, Venezuela firstname.lastname@example.com Abstract A collection of landmarks
Factors Affecting the Feasibility of a Warsaw Pact Invasion of Western Europe
Williamson, Corbin
of Honors Programs at Texas A&M University and the Melbern G. Glassock Center for Humanities Research both provided funding that made the procurement of several key books and articles possible. My advisor, Dr. Donald Curtis, supported me throughout... adopted the Long Range Defense Program, a series of improvements in NATOÆs conventional and nuclear forces. 21 In 1985 NATO introduced the Conventional Defense Improvement (CDI) Program. 22 For example Belgium increased its defense spending 55...
abb robots form: Topics by E-print Network
Broader source: All U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office Webpages (Extended Search)
range of possible loads and configurations. NATO AS Series. bl. Fll Robotics and Artificial lntelhgence Edited by Sprmger-rlag Berlin Heidelberg 1984 In the future, new...
Sparse optimization for inverse problems in atmospheric modelling
Apr 13, 2015 ... In S.-E. Gryning and F. Schiermeier, editors, Air Pollution Modeling and Its Application. XI, volume 21 of NATO Challenges of Modern Society,Ā...
Four Papers by the Supernova Cosmology Project
Perlmutter, S.; Deustua, S.; Gabi, S.; Goldhaber, G.
Study Institute Thermonuclear Supernovae Conference,STUDY INSTITUTE THERMONUCLEAR SUPERNOVAE Aiguablava, SPAIN20-30, 1995 To appear-in Thermonuclear Supernovae (NATO ASI)
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Pope (Cardiff University, Wales) Taking prospects for inorganic thin film photovoltaic solar cells for large scale energy generation 2:55 Dr Emyr Martin, Ralph R. 34 NATO...
Sandia National Laboratories: Careers: Special Programs: Nonlinear...
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attending the institute may be available from NATO. Eligibility and requirements All - An interest in working with other researchers from around the world to explore major...
advanced land-based gas: Topics by E-print Network
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Bose gas with attraction. This is a copy of the paper published in 1992 in Proceedings of NATO Advanced Research workshop on Singularities in Fluids, Plasmas and Optics...
JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUEIV Colloque C4, suppl6ment au Journal de Physique III,Volume 5, mai 1995
Paris-Sud XI, Universitķ de
Makes a Useable New Energetic Material? A.J. Sanderson NATO Insensitive Munitions Znfomtion Centre,HQ NATO, 1110 Bruxelles, Belgique ABSTRACT. In the last 50 years, very many new energetic compounds have NIMTC member nations, to study what it is that makes a new energetic material useable. Issues that were
Seth Wenig/Associated Press Jacob Zuma of South Africa at United Nations headquarters in New York on Jan. 12.
of the ties between the two organizations. Citing the intervention in Libya last spring, he accused NATO-fly zone over Libya at the height of Muammar el-Qaddafi's crackdown -- and instead had favored bombing to it enough. The African Union had no peacekeeping forces on hand to pick up the Libya job from NATO -- much
Validity of conventional assumptions concerning flexible response. Research report
Gutierrez, M.J.
The North Atlantic Treaty Organization is an alliance for collective defense. Made up of 16 countries, NATO has been a successful alliance because there has been no war in Europe since 1945. In 1967, NATO adopted the strategy of flexible response, a strategy dependent upon conventional, tactical nuclear, and strategic nuclear weapons to provide deterrence from a Warsaw Pact attack. Although successful, NATO is suffering from an erosion in conventional strength. NATO continues to make assumptions about its conventional capabilities to successfully meet the requirements of the flexible response strategy. In the present day world of NATO, there is limited funding, a fact that is not likely to change any time in the foreseeable future. Limited funding makes it impossible to buy all the conventional force structure needed to ideally support the current strategy, also a fact that is unlikely to change. This paper shows limitations in some of the ways NATO assumes it can conventionally perform its mission. It is the author's position that NATO should modernize its conventional thinking to make it more in line with the realities of the situation NATO finds itself in today.
Air Resources Laboratory Publications -FY 06
Meeting on Air Pollution Modelling and its Application, May 15-19, Leipzig, Germany. NATO/CCMS, 58 in continental air masses. Chapter 14 in: Dynamics of Mercury Pollution on Regional and Global Scales. N. Pirrone Pollution Modelling and its Application, May 15-19, Leipzig, Germany. NATO/CCMS, 60-61 (2006). Bullock, O
Late Quaternary climate change from delta 13ĀO records of multiple species of planktonic foraminifera: High-resolution records from the Anoxic Cariaco Basin, Venezuela
Lin, Hui-Ling; Peterson, Larry C; Overpeck, Jonathan T; Trumbore, Susan E; Murray, David W
252, 149-158. , 1954. waters of eastern Venezuela, Bol.C. Urey, Revised carbonate-water isotopic temperature scale,Atlantic-Mediterranean water H. -L. Lin, Institute of Marine
Viswanathan, R.
of a Single Reading Heat Stress Instrument!! , AD BOl7and Psychological Effects of Heat Stress Simulati.ng CockpitDobos, "Indus trial Heat Stress Monitoring Ii, In: Thermal
CPL -COMISSO PERMANENTE DE LICITAO Hospital universitrio de Braslia -SGAN Quadras 604/604, Asa Norte, CEP: 70840901 telefone (61)34485344, e-mail
Maier, Rudolf Richard
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Maier, Rudolf Richard
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Maier, Rudolf Richard
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Maier, Rudolf Richard
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Maier, Rudolf Richard
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Maier, Rudolf Richard
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Maier, Rudolf Richard
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Maier, Rudolf Richard
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Maier, Rudolf Richard
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Maier, Rudolf Richard
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Maier, Rudolf Richard
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Maier, Rudolf Richard
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Maier, Rudolf Richard
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Maier, Rudolf Richard
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In Defense of Translating and Computing: From the Tang Code to Biographical Databases
Bol, Peter
Peter K. Bol (Charles H. Carswell Professor of East Asian Languages & Civilizations, and Director, Center for Geographic Analysis, Harvard University) delivered the inaugural lecture in honor of the late KU East Asian ...
Genital Depilation and Power in Classical Greece
Walker, Paige
La Rocca. 1978. Eros in Greece. London. Bol, Peter C. 1978.Sexual Life in Ancient Greece. London. Burkert, Walter.Men and Maidens in Ancient Greece. Chicago. Freud, Sigmund.
Improving the Regeneration of CO?-Binding Organic Liquids with a Polarity Change
Mathias, Paul M.; Afshar, Kash; Zheng, Feng; Bearden, Mark D.; Freeman, Charles J.; Andrea, Tamer; Koech, Phillip K.; Kutnyakov, Igor V.; Zwoster, Andy; Smith, Arnold R.; Jessop, Philip G.; Nik, Omid Ghafari; Heldebrant, David J.
This paper describes an unusual solvent regeneration method unique to CO?BOLs and other switchable ionic liquids; utilizing changes in polarity to shift the free energy of the system. The degree of CO? loading in CO?BOLs is known to control the polarity of the solvent; conversely, polarity could be exploited as a means to control CO? loading. In this process, a chemically inert non-polar ōantisolventö is added to aid in de-complexing CO? from a CO?-rich CO?BOL. The addition of this polarity assist reduces temperatures required for regeneration of CO?BOLs by as much as 76 ░C. The lower regeneration temperatures realized with this polarity change allow for reduced solvent attrition and thermal degradation. Furthermore, the polarity assist shows considerable promise for reducing regeneration energy of CO?BOL solvents, and separation of the CO?BOL from the antisolvent is as simple as cooling the mixture below the upper critical solution temperature. Vapour-liquid equilibrium and liquid-liquid equilibrium measurements of a candidate CO?BOL with CO? with and without an antisolvent were completed. From this data, we present the evidence and impacts of a polarity change on a CO?BOL. Thermodynamic models and analysis of the system were constructed using ASPEN Plus, and forecasts preliminary process configurations and feasibility are also presented. Lastly, projections of solvent performance for removing CO? from a sub-critical coal fired power plant (total net power and parasitic load) are presented with and without this polarity assist and compared to DOEÆs Case 10 MEA baseline.
Joint sets that enhance production from Middle and
Engelder, Terry
Bol├Łvar, Caracas, Venezuela; present address: Intevep, S.A., Apar- tado Postal 76343, Caracas 1070A, Venezuela Redescal Uzc├Ītegui is a professor of structural geology at the Universidad Sim├│n Bol├Łvar and an I Venezuela, S.A. (PDVSA)-Intevep. He received his B.A. degree in geology at the Universidad Central de
2015 Performance Management Liaison Roster | Department of Energy
2015 Performance Management Liaison Roster 2015 Performance Management Liaison Roster OrgSym Organization POC Title Email Phone HC-11 Human Capital Policy Lorrenda Buckner DOE...
Presentations of bdj50 conference lectures
to the pairing symmetry experiments Ģ? Celebrated the Nobel Prize to Neville Mott Ģ? Met John Clarke Ģ? Superconductivity was much simpler then ģ. NATO Postdoctoral Fellowship q k 1 k' 1 k 2 k' 2 e e - - Conventional (ōclassicö) superconductivity...
acceptance workshop proceedings: Topics by E-print Network
Broader source: All U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office Webpages (Extended Search)
by N. Nickel and E. Terukov, NATO Science Series II, Vol. 194, p. 125-32 (2005). HYDROGEN DONORS IN ZINC OXIDE M.D. McCluskey and S.J. Jokela Department of Physics, Washington...
Design Sensitivity Analysis: Overview and Review Daniel A. Tortorelli
Michaleris, Panagiotis
mechanic and [2] for nuclear reactor design applications). Thus, the sensitivities offer an efficient means to structural optimization. For example see the books [3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9], the journal [10] and the NATO ASI
J.Luns des Pays-Bas, ancien sķcķtaire gķnķral de NATO (OTAN=Organisation du traitķ de l'Atlantique Nord) parle du passķ, prķsent et future de la dķfense europķenne et des relations est et ouest
PRAKTIKANTER Praktikant p den danske ambassade i Litauen
baltiske lande bÕde er en vigtig samarbejdspartner for Danmark i EU og NATO og et attraktivt marked interesse, da Danmark har EU-formandskabet i forÕret 2012. Afhµngigt af fagomrÕde og specielle interesser
Safe havens in Syria : missions and requirements for an air campaign
Haggerty, Brian Thomas
What if the United States had led its NATO allies to intervene in Syria's civil war in the midst of calls for humanitarian intervention in mid-2012? Despite the importance of this question for the study and evaluation of ...
30 January 2012 China puts space-age seal on African role
and Libya. But Europeans, who contribute the largest part of AU project finance, appeared comprehensively in Ivory Coast and the Nato-backed rebellion in Libya split the continent, neither the South African
Supernovae. Part I: The events
Trimble, V
Barkat, Z. , 1977, in Supernovae, edited by D. N. Schramm {Sci. Rev. 27, Canal, Supernovae. R. A. , 1981f, in NATO81.C. B. , Ed. , 1974, Supernovae and Their Remnants,
Tachizawa, Kazuya
CO2-Binding Organic Liquids Gas Capture with Polarity-Swing-Assisted Regeneration Full Technology Feasibility Study B1 - Solvent-based Systems
Heldebrant, David J
PNNL, Fluor Corporation and Queens University (Kingston, ON) successfully completed a three year comprehensive study of the CO2BOL water-lean solvent platform with Polarity Swing Assisted Regeneration (PSAR). This study encompassed solvent synthesis, characterization, environmental toxicology, physical, thermodynamic and kinetic property measurements, Aspen PlusÖ modeling and bench-scale testing of a candidate CO2BOL solvent molecule. Key Program Findings The key program findings are summarized as follows: Ģ PSAR favorably reduced stripper duties and reboiler temperatures with little/no impact to absorption column Ģ >90% CO2 capture was achievable at reasonable liquid-gas ratios in the absorber Ģ High rich solvent viscosities (up to 600 cP) were successfully demonstrated in the bench-scale system. However, the projected impacts of high viscosity to capital cost and operational limits compromised the other levelized cost of electricity benefits. Ģ Low thermal conductivity of organics significantly increased the required cross exchanger surface area, and potentially other heat exchange surfaces. Ģ CO2BOL had low evaporative losses during bench-scale testing Ģ There was no evidence of foaming during bench scale testing Ģ Current CO2BOL formulation costs project to be $35/kg Ģ Ecotoxicity (Water Daphnia) was comparable between CO2BOL and MEA (169.47 versus 103.63 mg/L) Ģ Full dehydration of the flue gas was determined to not be economically feasible. However, modest refrigeration (13 MW for the 550 MW reference system) was determined to be potentially economically feasible, and still produce a water-lean condition for the CO2BOLs (5 wt% steady-state water loading). Ģ CO2BOLs testing with 5 wt% water loading did not compromise anhydrous performance behavior, and showed actual enhancement of CO2 capture performance. Ģ Mass transfer of CO2BOLs was not greatly impeded by viscosity Ģ Facile separation of antisolvent from lean CO2BOL was demonstrated on the bench cart Ģ No measurable solvent degradation was observed over 4 months of testing ¢ even with 5 wt% water present
The effect of a finite mass reservoir on the collapse of spherical isothermal clouds and the evolution of protostellar accretion
E. I. Vorobyov; Shantanu Basu
Motivated by recent observations which detect an outer boundary for starless cores, and evidence for time-dependent mass accretion in the Class 0 and Class I protostellar phases, we reexamine the case of spherical isothermal collapse in the case of a finite mass reservoir. The presence of a core boundary results in the generation of an inward propagating rarefaction wave. This steepens the gas density profile from r^{-2} to r^{-3} or steeper. After a protostar forms, the mass accretion rate \\dot{M} evolves through three distinct phases: (1) an early phase of decline in \\dot{M}, which is a non-self-similar effect due to spatially nonuniform infall in the prestellar phase; (2) for large cores, an intermediate phase of near-constant \\dot{M} from the infall of the outer part of the self-similar density profile; (3) a late phase of rapid decline in \\dot{M} when accretion occurs from the region affected by the inward propagating rarefaction wave. Our model clouds of small to intermediate size make a direct transition from phase (1) to phase (3) above. Both the first and second phase are characterized by a temporally increasing bolometric luminosity L_bol, while L_bol is decreasing in the third (final) phase. We identify the period of temporally increasing L_bol with the Class 0 phase, and the later period of terminal accretion and decreasing L_bol with the Class I phase. The peak in L_bol corresponds to the evolutionary time when 50% \\pm 10% of the cloud mass has been accreted by the protostar. This is in agreement with the classification scheme proposed by Andre et al. (1993). We show how our results can be used to explain tracks of envelope mass M_env versus L_bol for protostars in Taurus and Ophiuchus. We also develop an analytic formalism which reproduces the protostellar accretion rate.
Design of a portable shield for space applications
Felsher, Harry David
Operating NERVA BOL Gamma Flux in the Radial Direction Operating SP-100 BOL Gamma Flux in the Radial Direction Shutdown Time to Satisfy LBAD-st for 4-hour EVA Page 12 12 14 IV VI BBUF Parameters for Al and W for the NTR Source Term . 20 BBUF... dose received by astronauts while performing extra-vehicular activity (EVA) near a shutdown reactor on a returning Ears mission vehicle. Thus, only gamma-radiation needs to be considered. Two types of propulsion methods are considered: a Nuclear...
CO2>Binding)Organic)Liquids)Gas)Capture)with) Polarity>Swing>Assisted)Regeneration)
Heldebrant, David
This report outlines the comprehensive bench-scale testing of the CO2-binding organic liquids (CO2BOLs) solvent platform and its unique Polarity Swing Assisted Regeneration (PSAR). This study outlines all efforts on a candidate CO2BOL solvent molecule, including solvent synthesis, material characterization, preliminary toxicology studies, and measurement of all physical, thermodynamic and kinetic data, including bench-scale testing. Equilibrium and kinetic models and analysis were made using Aspen PlusÖ. Preliminary process configurations, a technoeconomic assessment and solvent performance projections for separating CO2 from a subcritical coal-fired power plant are compared to the U.S. Department of Energy's Case 10 monoethanolamine baseline.
Super-Yang-Mills theories on S4 x R
Jungmin Kim; Seok Kim; Kimyeong Lee; Jaemo Park
We construct super-Yang-Mills theories on S4 x R, S4 x S1 and S4 x interval with the field content of maximal SYM, coupled to boundary degrees in the last case. These theories provide building blocks of the `5d uplifts' of gauge theories on S4, obtained by compactifying the 6d (2,0) theory. We pay special attention to the N=2* theory on S4. We also explain how to construct maximal SYM on S5 x R, and clarify when SYM theories can be put on S^n x R.
Measurement of Colliding Beam Parameters with Wide Angle Beamstrahlung
Cinabro, David
crossing, significantly affecting the Twiss matrix of the machine. The beam currents N i (t) decrease due to beam lifetime also causing the machine's Twiss matrix to drift. If the machine is perfectly symŁ metric
eddy on the Georgia continental shelf, April, 1977. Deep-MENZIES, R., AND W KRUCZYNSKI.
maladies? Worms, germs and other sym- bionts from the northern Gulf of Mexico. Blossman Print. Co., Inc from either hardware or plumbing supply houses and are interconnected using poly- vinyl chloride (PVC
International Symposium on Site Characterization for CO2 Geological Storage
Tsang, Chin-Fu
Publication 31, p. 127-155, Tulsa, Oklahoma, 1982. Galloway,on Improved Oil Recovery, Tulsa, April 17-21, 2004. King,Oil Recovery Sym- posium, Tulsa, April 21-24. Holm, L.W. ,
Holographic Coulomb branch vevs
Kostas Skenderis; Marika Taylor
We compute holographically the vevs of all chiral primary operators for supergravity solutions corresponding to the Coulomb branch of N=4 SYM and find exact agreement with the corresponding field theory computation. Using the dictionary between 10d geometries and field theory developed to extract these vevs, we propose a gravity dual of a half supersymmetric deformation of N=4 SYM by certain irrelevant operators.
Reanudaci'on de Ejecuci'on de Procesos en Metasistemas \\Lambda Yudith Cardinale and Emilio Hern'andez
Cardinale Villarreal, Yudith C.
Sim'on Bol'ivar (como apoyo al grupo de investigaci'on GID┬Ł25) #12; 1 INTRODUCCI ' ON El acceso operaci'on distribuido es el hecho de que un metasistema est'a conformado por sistemas de computaci
V├Īsquez, Carlos
emergencia, arquitectura y obras civiles Coordinadora Prof. Myriam Araujo Sartenejas, Mayo 2012 #12 emergencia, arquitectura y obras civiles N┬░CD/2012-046-2-2 Objeto del Concurso Cerrado: El objeto del, Sistema contra incendios y emergencia, arquitectura y obras civiles, de la Universidad Sim├│n Bol├Łvar, Sede
Application of burnable absorbers in an accelerator driven system Jan Wallenius, Kamil Tucek, Johan Carlsson, Waclaw Gudowski
Carlsson, Waclaw Gudowski Department of Nuclear & Reactor Physics Royal Institute of Technology 100 44 to achieve smallest possible power peakings at a BOL sub-criticality level of 0.97. Detailed Monte Carlo to corresponding values in BA free cores, BA introduction diminishes reactivity losses in TRU fuelled sub-critical
Conselho de Ministros abre porta das salas de aulas aos bolseiros
Instituto de Sistemas e Robotica
permite que os bolseiros de investigańŃo lecionem, ape- sar de diversas limitań§es impostas pelo Governo O Governo aprovou a alterańŃo ao Estatuto do Bolseiro de Investiga- ńŃo que permite que todos os bol- seiros mesmo a pedir "diversos pareceres jurĒdicos" sobre os ajus- tes promovidos pelo Governo. Um dos
Water skin anomalies: density, elasticity, hydrophobicity, thermal stability, interface repulsivity, etc
Chang Q. Sun
Molecular undercoordination induced O:H-O bond relaxation and dual polarization dictates the supersolid behavior of water skins interacting with other substances such as flowing in nanochannels, dancing of water droplets, floating of insects. The BOLS-NEP notion unifies the Wenzel-Cassie-Baxter models and explains controllable transition between hydrophobicity and hydrophilicity.
Design and construction of a general purpose Human Factors Environmental Laboratory
Hennigan, James Kerness
was constructed slight)y difierent to accommodate the corner post (see Appendix 2). The corner. post vas constructed a! d drive!! in place, where five 1/4 x 4-inc!h )ag bol. ts in the back edge~ attached the back side, corner post& and right side panel firm]y...
On the Rural Postman Problem: Tight Bounds and Efficient Heuristics Based on a New Formulation
Meza, Oscar J.
Bol├Łvar University Apartado 89000, Baruta, Venezuela e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com Robert Garfinkel School University Apartado 89000, Baruta, Venezuela e-mail: email@example.com Abstract In this work we focus on a new
Future peace operations: Lessons from Bosnia. Final report
Godlewski, J.S.
The end of the Bi-polar world has increased the requirement for and scope of UN peace operations. This paper examines the current situation in Bosnia from an Operational Command and Control perspective. It points out the shortfalls of force structure, clear direction on both the strategic/operational level and the UN`s inability to coordinate their and NATO`s efforts. It will also discuss the need and framework for `robust` peace operations. It concludes with an examination of options for a command and control structure for future UN peace operations.
Logic Programming for Software Engineering: A Second Chance
Lau, Kung-Kiu
at the heart of the software crisis. So LP would seem to have the potential to make an important contribution, it is instructive to take a brief retrospective look at both SE and LP. 2.1 SE: The Software Crisis SE has been plagued by the software crisis even before the term was coined at the 1968 NATO Conference on Software
NEW WINE IN OLD BOTTLES: An Analysis of Pakistan's Conflict in the Pashtun Tribal Areas
Khan, Huma
The Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA) of Pakistan have regained prominence in recent years because of the U.S.' "war on terror" against Al-Qaeda. The Government of Pakistan, backed by the U.S. and NATO, is involved in a bloody conflict...
L'opration Althea en Bosnie-Herzgovine et la gestion europenne du post-conflit
Boyer, Edmond
Operation Althea in Bosnia-and-Herzegovina: Post-conflict Management the EU Way Abstract On December 2, 2004, the European Union took over from NATO the main peacekeeping forces that had been deployed in Bosnia of post-conflict management in Bosnia. Against this background, Althea provides a fruitful locus to assess
comprehensive intelligence to Navy leadership, overseeing intelligence activities within the Navy, representing the Navy within the Intelligence Community, creating Naval Intelligence policy, and performing policy the U.S. Navy, the Joint Staff, NATO, DIA, the Secretary of Defense and a Presidential Rank Award
Aluminum in Superconducting Magnets Robert J. Weggel
McDonald, Kirk
is aluminum, either ultrapure, as quenchstabilization matrix metal, and/or alloyed and coldworked and heat for magnets in which the stresses and strains are modest. The strongest aluminum alloy commercially available., "Mechanical properties of commercial aluminum alloys at 253o C (Ł423o F)," NATO ARW, Kiev 713 Sept. 2003
Albanian integration into the UE : security, Europeanization, democratization: which project for the democracy?
Paris-Sud XI, Universitķ de
political doctrine seems to be that the integration of the Western Balkans within the EU and NATO can help....................................................................................................................................................................20 Introduction : The Western Balkans' integration within the EU is an important political in the Balkans. However, these two objectives meet obstacles both at the regional and national levels. Our
INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS PUBLISHING JOURNAL OF OPTICS A: PURE AND APPLIED OPTICS The plurality of optical singularities
Berry, Michael Victor
INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS PUBLISHING JOURNAL OF OPTICS A: PURE AND APPLIED OPTICS EDITORIAL The plurality of optical singularities Guest Editors Michael Berry (Co-Director of NATO ARW) H H Wills Physics, Kiev, Ukraine This collection of papers arose from an Advanced Research Workshop on Singular Optics
Tebbens, Jurjen Duintjer
Nuclear Fuel (NATO Science Programme, Science for Peace) ┌stav fyziky materißl∙ AV ╚R, KODA Research, KODA a Universitķ Paris, Francie. APPETISE (Air Pollution Episodes: Modelling Tools for Improved Smog Management, Irsko a Josef Stefan Institute, Slovinsko. #12;90 Fracture Resistance of Steels for Containers of Spent
morto a Trieste Paolo Budinich Categoria: Friuli Venezia Giulia
├? morto a Trieste Paolo Budinich Dettagli Categoria: Friuli Venezia Giulia Creato Sabato, 16 Novembre 2013 14:00 Scritto da rtg ├? morto a Trieste allet├Ā di 97 anni Paolo Budinich, fondatore. Nato nel 1916 a Lussingrande, si trasferisce a Trieste con la famiglia gi├Ā nel 1918, in quanto il padre
IEEE JOURNAL OF OCEANIC ENGINEERING, VOL. 34, NO. 4, OCTOBER 2009 617 Extension of the Rotated Elastic Parabolic Equation
. Knobles. J. M. Collis was with the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180 USA. He is now is with the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180 USA (e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com). M. Zampolli was with the NATO Undersea Research Center, 19126 La Spezia, Italy. He is now with TNO Defence, Security and Safety, 2509 JG
Parabolic equation solution of seismo-acoustics problems involving variations in bathymetry and sediment thickness
, Troy, New York 12180 Finn B. Jensen and Mario Zampolli NATO Undersea Research Center, 19126 La Spezia solutions. We also apply the approach to a model problem based on a complex environment off the New Jersey to outgoing and incoming energy. These factors give rise to the parabolic wave equations7 r ur w = ┬▒ i L-1 M 1
Paris-Sud XI, Universit├® de
ENVIRONMENTAL SURVEILLANCE OF INCINERATORS: 2006-2009 DATA ON DIOXIN/FURAN ATMOSPHERIC DEPOSITION over about the last 20 years with the closure of non-standard municipal solid waste (MSW) incineration estimated at 101 g TEQ-NATO1 . Since 28 November 20052, all MSW incinerators have to respect the limitation
- ties of the system. There is a general asymmetry between cooling episodes (which often happen slower and Climate-- Proceedings of NATO Advanced Research Workshop, Crotzen, P. and Ramanathan, V., Eds., Springer this paper. This research was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No
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Savrasov, Sergej Y.
radioactivity over that period. Traces of plutonium in depleted uranium (DU) weapons used by NATO (news - web req'd) (Mar 30, 2001) ┬Ę Ill Uranium Miners Left Waiting as Payments for Exposure Lapse - NY Times synthetically from uranium. Plutonium has a half- life of 24,000 years, which means it loses only half its
bush i police soviet percent mecham stock dukakis think shot gorbachev year keating market
Blei, David M.
dont man president rate senators index jackson people arrested summit last lincoln stocks president production office shares george thats officers mikhail department years jones bentsen see death nato months reagan got wounded foreign new made big told says men visit inflation senate prices state am officer
Constraints on neutron skin thickness in 208Pb and density-dependent symmetry energy
Jianmin Dong; Wei Zuo; Jianzhong Gu
Accurate knowledge about the neutron skin thickness $\\Delta R_{np}$ in $^{208}$Pb has far-reaching implications for different communities of nuclear physics and astrophysics. Yet, the novel Lead Radius Experiment (PREX) did not yield stringent constraint on the $\\Delta R_{np}$ recently. We employ a more practicable strategy currently to probe the neutron skin thickness of $^{208}$Pb based on a high linear correlation between the $\\Delta R_{np}$ and $J-a_{\\text{sym}}$, where $J$ and $a_{\\text{sym}}$ are the symmetry energy (coefficient) of nuclear matter at saturation density and of $^{208}$Pb. An accurate $J-a_{\\text{sym}}$ thus places a strong constraint on the $\\Delta R_{np}$. Compared with the parity-violating asymmetry $A_{\\text{PV}}$ in the PREX, the reliably experimental information on the $J-a_{\\text{sym}}$ is much more easily available attributed to a wealth of measured data on nuclear masses and on decay energies. The density dependence of the symmetry energy is also well constrained with the $J-a_{\\text{sym}}$. Finally, with a `tomoscan' method, we find that one just needs to measure the nucleon densities in $^{208}$Pb starting from $R_{m} = 7.61\\pm0.04$ fm to obtain the $\\Delta R_{np}$ in hadron scattering experiments, regardless of its interior profile that is hampered by the strong absorption.
Isobaric incompressibility of the isospin asymmetric nuclear matter
D. N. Basu; P. Roy Chowdhury; C. Samanta
The isospin dependence of the saturation properties of asymmetric nuclear matter, particularly the incompressibility $K_\\infty (X) = K_\\infty + K_\\tau X^2 + O(X^4)$ at saturation density is systematically studied using density dependent M3Y interaction. The $K_\\tau$ characterizes the isospin dependence of the incompressibility at saturation density $\\rho_0$. The approximate expression $K_{asy} \\approx K_{sym}-6L$ is often used for $K_\\tau$ where $L$ and $K_{sym}$ represent, respectively, the slope and curvature parameters of the symmetry energy at $\\rho_0$. It can be expressed accurately as $K_\\tau=K_{sym}-6L-\\frac{Q_0}{K_\\infty}L$ where $Q_0$ is the third-order derivative parameter of symmetric nuclear matter at $\\rho_0$. The results of this addendum to Phys. Rev. C 80, 011305(R) (2009) indicate that the $Q_0$ contribution to $K_\\tau$ is not insignificant.
THE ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL, 487:867884, 1997 October 1 1997. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved. Printed in U.S.A.(
Cohen, David
). This could be brought into line with theoretical calculations of the line-force instability, wind~8.5 nondetections at B2 and later. For the B0 and B1 stars, our modeling suggests that wind attenuation of the X-known law simply may be an artifact of the neglect of wind attenuation. TheL X /L Bol B 10~7 ROSAT PSPC
LA TICA CATLICA Y EL ESPRITU DE LA GUERRA EN COLOMBIA Bernardo CONGOTE OCHOA,
Paris-Sud XI, Universit├® de
LA ├?TICA CAT├?LICA Y EL ESP├ŹRITU DE LA GUERRA EN COLOMBIA 1 Bernardo CONGOTE OCHOA, Maestr├Ła Ciencia Pol├Łtica, Universidad de los Andes, Bogot├Ī, Colombia. Profesor Invitado, Departamento de Ciencia Pol├Łtica y Relaciones Internacionales de la Universidad Tecnol├│gica de Bol├Łvar, Cartagena, Colombia colombiamada
RELAP5/MOD3.2 analysis of a VVER-1000 reactor with UO[2] fuel and MOX fuel
Fu, Chun
Secondary System Parameters and Calculated Values. . 38 Vl The Sequence of Events during LBLOCA. 46 VII Experimental Design and Calculated Temperatures. . . 57 NOMENCLATURE ATWS BOL CR DBA ECCS FLC HA HP HPIS IAEA I&C Anticipated Transient... postulated accidents such as loss of coolant accident (LOCA) and operational transients such as anticipated transients without scram (ATWS), loss of off-site power, loss of feedwater, loss of flow, and turbine trip. RELAP5 is a one-dimensional code which...
Housing Diversity and Consolidation in Low-Income Colonias: Patterns of House Form and Household Arrangements in Colonias of the US-Mexico Border
Reimers-Arias, Carlos Alberto
Housing Diversity and Consolidation in Low-Income Colonias: Patterns of House Form and Household Arrangements in Colonias of the US-Mexico Border. (August 2009) Carlos Alberto Reimers-Arias, B.Arch., Universidad Sim?n Bol?var; M.Arch., Mc... of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Approved by: Co-Chairs of Committee, Andrew D. Seidel Robin F. Abrams Committee Members, Marlynn L. May Robert B. Warden Head of Department, Glen T. Mills August 2009 Major Subject: Architecture iii ABSTRACT...
The toxicity of different emulsions of toxaphene to cotton insects
Selby, James Winford
. Summary of the cotton boll weevil toxicity tests ~ . LS 5. Analysis of cotton bolL weevil control data ob- tained in the laboratory and field teste ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 20 4 ~ Summary of the cotton boll weevil toxicity test in the Laboratorye ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ e... ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ o ~ ~ e ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 21 6 Summary of the saltish caterpillar toxicity tests ~ ~ ~ eo ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ e( ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ee ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ o ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ e ~ a ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 22 6 ~ Vedian lethal dosage {KID) of the test materials as obtained fran the Laboratory...
The toxicity of different emulsions of toxaphene to cotton insectsĀ
Selby, James Winford
. Summary of the cotton boll weevil toxicity tests ~ . LS 5. Analysis of cotton bolL weevil control data ob- tained in the laboratory and field teste ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 20 4 ~ Summary of the cotton boll weevil toxicity test in the Laboratorye ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ e... ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ o ~ ~ e ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 21 6 Summary of the saltish caterpillar toxicity tests ~ ~ ~ eo ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ e( ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ee ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ o ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ e ~ a ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 22 6 ~ Vedian lethal dosage {KID) of the test materials as obtained fran the Laboratory...
Symmetry energy systematics and its high density behavior
Lie-Wen Chen
We explore the systematics of the density dependence of nuclear matter symmetry energy in the ambit of microscopic calculations with various energy density functionals, and find that the symmetry energy from subsaturation density to supra-saturation density can be well determined by three characteristic parameters of the symmetry energy at saturation density $\\rho_0 $, i.e., the magnitude $E_{\\text{sym}}({\\rho_0 })$, the density slope $L$ and the density curvature $K_{\\text{sym}}$. This finding opens a new window to constrain the supra-saturation density behavior of the symmetry energy from its (sub-)saturation density behavior. In particular, we obtain $L=46.7 \\pm 12.8$ MeV and $K_{\\text{sym}}=-166.9 \\pm 168.3$ MeV as well as $E_{\\text{sym}}({2\\rho _{0}}) \\approx 40.2 \\pm 12.8$ MeV and $L({2\\rho _{0}}) \\approx 8.9 \\pm 108.7$ MeV based on the present knowledge of $E_{\\text{sym}}({\\rho_{0}}) = 32.5 \\pm 0.5$ MeV, $E_{\\text{sym}}({\\rho_c}) = 26.65 \\pm 0.2$ MeV and $L({\\rho_c}) = 46.0 \\pm 4.5$ MeV at $\\rho_{\\rm{c}}= 0.11$ fm$^{-3}$ extracted from nuclear mass and the neutron skin thickness of Sn isotopes. Our results indicate that the symmetry energy cannot be stiffer than a linear density dependence.In addition, we also discuss the quark matter symmetry energy since the deconfined quarks could be the right degree of freedom in dense matter at high baryon densities.
The first two transient supersoft X-ray sources in M 31 globular clusters and the connection to classical novae
M. Henze; W. Pietsch; F. Haberl; G. Sala; R. Quimby; M. Hernanz; M. Della Valle; P. Milne; G. G. Williams; V. Burwitz; J. Greiner; H. Stiele; D. H. Hartmann; A. K. H. Kong; K. Hornoch
Classical novae (CNe) have been found to represent the major class of supersoft X-ray sources (SSS) in our neighbour galaxy M 31. We determine properties and evolution of the two first SSSs ever discovered in the M 31 globular cluster (GC) system. We have used XMM-Newton, Chandra and Swift observations of the centre region of M 31 to discover both SSS and to determine their X-ray light curves and spectra. We performed detailed analysis of XMM-Newton EPIC PN spectra of the source in Bol 111 (SS1) using blackbody and NLTE white dwarf (WD) atmosphere models. For the SSS in Bol 194 (SS2) we used optical monitoring data to search for an optical counterpart. Both GC X-ray sources were classified as SSS. We identify SS1 with the CN M31N 2007-06b recently discovered in the M 31 GC Bol 111. For SS2 we did not find evidence for a recent nova outburst and can only provide useful constraints on the time of the outburst of a hypothetical nova. The only known CN in a M 31 GC can be identified with the first SSS found in a M31 GC. We discuss the impact of our observations on the nova rate for the M 31 GC system.
Assessment of dynamic energy conversion systems for radioisotope heat sources
Thayer, G.R.; Mangeng, C.A.
The use of dynamic conversion systems to convert the heat generated in a 7500 W(t) 90 Sr radioisotopic heat source to electricity is examined. The systems studies were Stirling; Brayton Cycle; three organic Rankines (ORCs) (Barber-Nichols/ORMAT, Sundstrand, and TRW); and an organic Rankine plus thermoelectrics. The systems were ranked for a North Warning System mission using a Los Alamos Multiattribute Decision Theory code. Three different heat source designs were used: case I with a beginning of life (BOL) source temperature of 640 C, case II with a BOL source temperature of 745/sup 0/C, and case III with a BOL source temperature of 945/sup 0/C. The Stirling engine system was the top-ranked system of cases I and II, closely followed by the ORC systems in case I and ORC plus thermoelectrics in case II. The Brayton cycle system was top-ranked for case III, with the Stirling engine system a close second. The use of /sup 238/Pu in heat source sizes of 7500 W(t) was examined and found to be questionable because of cost and material availability and because of additional requirements for analysis of safeguards and critical mass.
Constraining the symmetry energy from the neutron skin thickness of Tin isotopes
Lie-Wen Chen; Che Ming Ko; Jun Xu; Bao-An Li
We show in the Skyrme-Hartree-Fock approach that unambiguous correlations exist between observables of finite nuclei and nuclear matter properties. Using this correlation analysis to existing data on the neutron skin thickness of Sn isotopes, we find important constraints on the value E_{sym}(rho_0) and density slope L of the nuclear symmetry energy at saturation density. Combining these constraints with those from recent analyses of isospin diffusion and double neutron/proton ratio in heavy ion collisions leads to a value of L=58\\pm 18 MeV approximately independent of E_{sym}(\\rho_0).
Dimensional reduction, Seiberg-Witten map, and supersymmetry
Saka, E. Ulas [Physics Department, Istanbul University, TR-34134 Vezneciler, Istanbul (Turkey); Uelker, Kayhan [Feza Guersey Institute, P.O. Box 6, TR-34684 Cengelkoey, Istanbul (Turkey)
It is argued that dimensional reduction of the Seiberg-Witten map for a gauge field induces Seiberg-Witten maps for the other noncommutative fields of a gauge invariant theory. We demonstrate this observation by dimensionally reducing the noncommutative N=1 super Yang-Mills (SYM) theory in 6 dimensions to obtain noncommutative N=2 SYM in 4 dimensions. We explicitly derive Seiberg-Witten maps of the component fields in 6 and 4 dimensions. Moreover, we give a general method to define the deformed supersymmetry transformations that leave the actions invariant after performing Seiberg-Witten maps.
EMBEDDED PROTOSTARS IN THE DUST, ICE, AND GAS IN TIME (DIGIT) HERSCHEL KEY PROGRAM: CONTINUUM SEDs, AND AN INVENTORY OF CHARACTERISTIC FAR-INFRARED LINES FROM PACS SPECTROSCOPY
Green, Joel D.; Evans, Neal J. II; Rascati, Michelle R. [Department of Astronomy, University of Texas at Austin, 2515 Speedway, Stop C1400, Austin, TX 78712-1205 (United States); Jorgensen, Jes K.; Dionatos, Odysseas; Lindberg, Johan E. [Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen (Denmark); Herczeg, Gregory J. [Kavli Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Peking University, Beijing 100871 (China); Kristensen, Lars E.; Yildiz, Umut A.; Van Kempen, Tim A. [Leiden Observatory, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9513, 2300-RA Leiden (Netherlands); Lee, Jeong-Eun [Department of Astronomy and Space Science, Kyung Hee University, Gyeonggi 446-701 (Korea, Republic of); Salyk, Colette [National Optical Astronomy Observatory, 950 North Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85719 (United States); Meeus, Gwendolyn [Dpt. Fisica Teorica, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Campus Cantoblanco, E-28049 Madrid (Spain); Bouwman, Jeroen [Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, D-69117 Heidelberg (Germany); Visser, Ruud; Bergin, Edwin A. [Department of Astronomy, University of Michigan, 500 Church Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1042 (United States); Van Dishoeck, Ewine F.; Karska, Agata; Fedele, Davide [Max-Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Postfach 1312, D-85741 Garching (Germany); Dunham, Michael M., E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [Department of Astronomy, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511 (United States); Collaboration: DIGIT Team1
We present 50-210 {mu}m spectral scans of 30 Class 0/I protostellar sources, obtained with Herschel-PACS, and 0.5-1000 {mu}m spectral energy distributions, as part of the Dust, Ice, and Gas in Time Key Program. Some sources exhibit up to 75 H{sub 2}O lines ranging in excitation energy from 100 to 2000 K, 12 transitions of OH, and CO rotational lines ranging from J = 14 {yields} 13 up to J = 40 {yields} 39. [O I] is detected in all but one source in the entire sample; among the sources with detectable [O I] are two very low luminosity objects. The mean 63/145 {mu}m [O I] flux ratio is 17.2 {+-} 9.2. The [O I] 63 {mu}m line correlates with L{sub bol}, but not with the time-averaged outflow rate derived from low-J CO maps. [C II] emission is in general not local to the source. The sample L{sub bol} increased by 1.25 (1.06) and T{sub bol} decreased to 0.96 (0.96) of mean (median) values with the inclusion of the Herschel data. Most CO rotational diagrams are characterized by two optically thin components (
The "Seven Dwarfs" of Symbolic Computation* Erich L. Kaltofen
Kaltofen, Erich
The "Seven Dwarfs" of Symbolic Computation* Erich L. Kaltofen Dept. of Mathematics, North Carolina://www.kaltofen.us August 26, 2011 Abstract We present the Seven Dwarfs of Symbolic Computation, which are sequential. Computation of closed form solutions SymDwf 7. Rewrite rule systems and computational group theory We
Symetrie et theorie des groupes `a travers la physique Jacques Villain
Boyer, Edmond
de la lumi`ere visible venant du soleil. 1 cea-00396043,version1-16Jun2009 #12;O2 H2O CO2 a b H4C Fig ou mol┬┤ecules de haute sym┬┤etrie. Quelques th┬┤eor`emes (Noether, Goldstone...) ┬┤etablissent des
SIAM J. CONTROL and OPTIMIZATION Vol. 31, No. 5, pp. 1245-1266, September 1993
Sontag, Eduardo
of sym- bolic processing. Classical control techniques, especially for linear systems, have proved for the resulting models. Successful approaches will eventually allow the interplay of modern control theory into areas such as discrete-event systems, supervisory control, and, more generally, "intelligent control
Les racines des composantes hyperboliques de M sont des quarts d'entiers alg'ebriques
Bousch, Thierry
'equation est monique en Z 0 et ` a coefficients dans Z[C], donc Z 0 est un entier alg'ebrique sur l signe pr`es) la fonction sym'etrique 'el'ementaire de degr'e k en les ae i , on a la majoration Ō?? k (C
Bigelow, Stephen
as developed recently within geometric group theory by Patrick Dehornoy in [15]. The goal of this article - 1)Łsimplex, i.e. the symmetric group Sym n , produces the nonŁcrossing partition lattice NC n noncrossing partition lattices. The final section of the article discusses some recent attempts to extend
Density slope of the nuclear symmetry energy from the neutron skin thickness of heavy nuclei
Chen, Lie-Wen; Ko, Che Ming; Li, Bao-An; Xu, Jun.
of finite nuclei and nuclear matter properties. We find that existing data on neutron skin thickness Delta r(np) of Sn isotopes give an important constraint on the symmetry energy E(sym)(rho(0)) and its density slope L at saturation density rho(0). Combining...
On The Relationships Between Clustering and Spatial Co-location Pattern University of North Texas
Huang, Yan
On The Relationships Between Clustering and Spatial Co-location Pattern Mining Yan Huang University The goal of spatial co-location pattern mining is to find subsets of spatial features frequently located and located together from mo- bile devices (e.g., PDAs and cellular phones) and sym- biotic species in ecology
Predicting Protein Folding Kinetics via Temporal Logic Model Checking: Extended
Langmead, Christopher James
-called native configuration. Unfortunately, there is no experimental technology that can provide atomic that the native structure is already known. The computational challenge is to find low energy pathways between in the field of structural biology. The protein's energy landscape is encoded sym- bolically using Binary
Screening of quark-monopole in N=4 plasma
Wei-shui Xu; Ding-fang Zeng
We study a quark-monopole bound system moving in N=4 SYM plasma with a constant velocity by the AdS/CFT correspondence. The screening length of this system is calculated, and is smaller than that of the quark-antiquark bound state.
Constraints on neutron skin thickness in 208Pb and density-dependent symmetry energy
Dong, Jianmin; Gu, Jianzhong
Accurate knowledge about the neutron skin thickness $\\Delta R_{np}$ in $^{208}$Pb has far-reaching implications for different communities of nuclear physics and astrophysics. Yet, the novel Lead Radius Experiment (PREX) did not yield stringent constraint on the $\\Delta R_{np}$ recently. We employ a more practicable strategy currently to probe the neutron skin thickness of $^{208}$Pb based on a high linear correlation between the $\\Delta R_{np}$ and $J-a_{\\text{sym}}$, where $J$ and $a_{\\text{sym}}$ are the symmetry energy (coefficient) of nuclear matter at saturation density and of $^{208}$Pb. An accurate $J-a_{\\text{sym}}$ thus places a strong constraint on the $\\Delta R_{np}$. Compared with the parity-violating asymmetry $A_{\\text{PV}}$ in the PREX, the reliably experimental information on the $J-a_{\\text{sym}}$ is much more easily available attributed to a wealth of measured data on nuclear masses and on decay energies. The density dependence of the symmetry energy is also well constrained with the $J-a_{\\...
Paris-Sud XI, Universit├® de
689. R├?GLES DE S├?LECTION POUR LA DIFFUSION RAMAN ET L'ABSORPTION INFRAROUGE DANS LA WURTZITE (1 du groupe de sym├®trie de la wurtzite aux points 0393, A, M, K de la zone de Brillouin ont ├®t├®. Abstract. - The irreducible representations of the wurtzite space group corresponding to the 0393, A, M
Reconstructed primary fragments and symmetry energy, temperature and density of the fragmenting source in $^{64}$Zn + $^{112}$Sn at 40 MeV/nucleon
X. Liu; W. Lin; R. Wada; M. Huang; S. Zhang; P. Ren; Z. Chen; J. Wang; G. Q. Xiao; R. Han; J. Liu; F. Shi; M. R. D. Rodrigues; S. Kowalski; T. Keutgen; K. Hagel; M. Barbui; H. Zheng; A. Bonasera; J. B. Natowitz
Symmetry energy, temperature and density at the time of the intermediate mass fragment formation are determined in a self-consistent manner, using the experimentally reconstructed primary hot isotope yields and anti-symmetrized molecular dynamics (AMD) simulations. The yields of primary hot fragments are experimentally reconstructed for multifragmentation events in the reaction system $^{64}$Zn + $^{112}$Sn at 40 MeV/nucleon. Using the reconstructed hot isotope yields and an improved method, based on the modified Fisher model, symmetry energy values relative to the apparent temperature, $a_{sym}/T$, are extracted. The extracted values are compared with those of the AMD simulations, extracted in the same way as that for the experiment, with the Gogny interaction with three different density-dependent symmetry energy terms. $a_{sym}/T$ values change according to the density-dependent symmetry energy terms used. Using this relation, the density of the fragmenting system is extracted first. Then symmetry energy and apparent temperature are determined in a self consistent manner in the AMD model simulations. Comparing the calculated $a_{sym}/T$ values and those of the experimental values from the reconstructed yields, $\\rho /\\rho_{0} = 0.65 \\pm 0.02 $, $a_{sym} = 23.1 \\pm 0.6$ MeV and $T= 5.0 \\pm 0.4$ MeV are evaluated for the fragmenting system experimentally observed in the reaction studied.
Eisenbud, David
space and minimal doubly infinite free resolutions over its "Koszul dual" exterior algebra. Among the exterior algebra E = V and their relation to modules over S = sym W and sheaves on projective space P-9947(03)03291-4 Article electronically published on July 10, 2003 SHEAF COHOMOLOGY AND FREE RESOLUTIONS OVER EXTERIOR
An HSS form for F can be constructed with recursive compression of the HSS blocks F? j and F| ...... where ? is the angular frequency, c(x) is the velocity field, and f is the forcing term. First, consider the 2D .... of a steel cylinder tmt sym. 726,
Managing Space for Finite-State Verification Jianbin Tan, George S. Avrunin, Lori A. Clarke
Avrunin, George S.
(ZDDs), in two FSV tools, LTSA and FLAVERS. We describe an experiment showing that these two sym- bolic. Copyright 2006 ACM 1-59593-085-X/06/0005 ...$5.00. Keywords Finite-state verification, BDD, ZDD, LTSA, LTSA [14] and FLAVERS [12]. We describe how the systems to be verified are encoded as Boolean functions
Sub-Rossby and Sub-Grid in Global Climate
Fox-Kemper, Baylor
this talk) Internal Waves, Deep Convection, Energy Sinks, PV Sinks & Sources Wednesday, September 22, 2010 Wednesday, September 22, 2010 #12;Sym Part=Anisotropic* Redi Blue factors in Redi (1982) are symmetric involving the neutral to z coordinate conversion (in S&G theory, at least) The eigenvectors give
BGSU ASIAN POPULAR CULTURE SYMPOSIUM by Esther Clinton, Jeremy Wallach, and Kristen Rudisill
Moore, Paul A.
ethnomusicologist Paul D. Greene from Penn State. Dis- Bowling Green State University P O P U L A R C U LT U R E N E Scholars from around the country converged on Bowling Green's campus for the BGSU Asian Popular Culture Sym by the hospitality they encoun- tered and by the undeniable usefulness of the Bowling Green approach, with its
Electric Dipole Polarizability in $^{208}$Pb as a Probe of the Symmetry Energy and Neutron Matter around $\\rho_0/3$
Zhang, Zhen
It is currently a big challenge to accurately determine the symmetry energy $E_{\\text{sym}}(\\rho)$ and pure neutron matter equation of state $E_{\\text{PNM}}(\\rho)$, even their values around saturation density $\\rho_0 $. We find that the electric dipole polarizability $\\alpha _ {\\text{D}}$ in $^{208}$Pb can be determined uniquely by the magnitude of the $E_{\\text{sym}}(\\rho)$ or almost equivalently the $E_{\\text{PNM}}(\\rho)$ at subsaturation densities around $\\rho_0/3 $, shedding a light upon the genuine correlation between the $\\alpha _ {\\text{D}}$ and the $E_{\\text{sym}}(\\rho)$. By analyzing the experimental data of $\\alpha _ {\\text{D}}$ in $^{208}$Pb from RCNP using a number of non-relativistic and relativistic mean-field models, we obtain very stringent constraints on $E_{\\text{sym}}(\\rho)$ and $E_{\\text{PNM}}(\\rho)$ around $\\rho_0/3 $. The obtained constraints are found to be in good agreement with the results extracted in other analyses. In particular, our results provides for the first time the experime...
Observability of Neuronal Network Motifs (Invited Paper)
Brennan, Sean
Observability of Neuronal Network Motifs (Invited Paper) Andrew J. Whalen*t, Sean N. Brennan Engineering, + Engineering Science and Mechanics, Neurosurgery, and Physics, Penn State University, University) neuronal networks as a function of 1) the connection topology and sym metry, 2) the measured nodes, and 3
ISodotY of PetroIeumEr@nwrsI Petroleum Reservoir Simulation in a Virtual Environment
a'4P w ._ m I I ISodotY of PetroIeumEr@nwrsI SPE 29118 Petroleum Reservoir Simulation in a VirtualSPE Member TM paperwas preperedfor presentationat the 13fh SPE Sym~ium on ReservoirSimulationheld in San, 1S2245SPEUT. ABSTRACT In this paper, we describe an approach to combining a reservoir simulation
THE LEGENDRE-STIRLING NUMBERS G. E. ANDREWS, W. GAWRONSKI, AND L. L. LITTLEJOHN Abstract. The Legendre-Stirling numbers are the coe¢ cients in the integral Lagrangian sym- metric powers Stirling numbers of the second kind which play a similar role in the integral powers of the classical
Exponential growth, energetic Hubbert cycles, and the advancement of technology
Patzek, Tadeusz W.
, the overall production rate first goes up and then it must come down. Tens of thousands of oil and gas fields of time. Yet the sums of annual production volumes from these fields follow sym- metric Gaussian. It is shown that the rates of oil production in the world and in the United States doubled 10 times, each
Vibrational properties of semitrimer picotubes N. Rosenkranza
Nabben, Reinhard
in 1996 by the synthesis of the tetramer picotube, a highly symmetric hydro- carbon, similar by structure. This picotube re- sembles a short (3,3) nanotube, whereas the sym- metry is reduced compared to the tetramer similarities to the spectra of tetramer picotubes and single-walled nanotubes. The equivalencies include
Ukraine's Military Role in the Black Sea RegionĀ
Coffman, Amy Beth; Crump, James Andrew; Dickson, Robbi K.; Mueller, Meaghan; Pulis, Sarah L.
Environment 5 Defining the Black Sea Region 5 Figure 1 5 Ukraine 6 Figure 2 7 Russia 8 Turkey 10 NATO... lacking the m ting powers, up eral disputes in o stability, the ation with inter ne eÆs posture in phy, and capab llective Securit ive security ar n the sympath ment transition to RussiaÆs for kraine greatly e should consid are three influ ting...
JPRS report: Arms control, [November 3, 1989
This report contains translations/transcriptions of articles and/or broadcasts on arms control. Titles include: 5-Power Defense Arrangement Exercise Opens; Paper Sees Growing Danger of Nuclear War; 3rd Round of Conventional Forces Talk; General Notes Inadequate Discipline in Army; Arianespace Assures Liquid Fuel Technology; King Hussain Warns of Nuclear Threat in Region; Kuwait Defense Minister on Weapons Development, GCC; Commentary on Change in NATO Count of Combat Aircraft; and others.
The organizational evolution of OSS detachment 101 in Burma; 1942-1945
Sacquety, Troy James
. None of these works gives much detail on Detachment 101. Although not true scholarly studies, the two volumes of The War Report of the OSS by Kermit Roosevelt?the official OSS history?and its British counterpart Charles Cruickshanks?s SOE in the Far... up the Special Operations branch, please see Roosevelt, War Report, 70-74. 17 OSS Special Operations branch history, NARA. 16 NATO proved to be the key needed to allow greater participation throughout the European Campaign. However...
The bound coherent neutron scattering length of the oxygen isotopes
Fischer, Henry E [Institut Laue-Langevin (ILL); Simonson, J Michael {Mike} [ORNL; Neuefeind, Joerg C [ORNL; Lemmel, Hartmut [Technical University Vienna; Rauch, Helmut [E141 Atominstitut der ųsterreichischen Universitõten,; Zeidler, Anita [University of Bath; Salmon, Phil [University of Bath
The technique of neutron interferometry was used to measure the bound coherent neutron scattering length bcoh of the oxygen isotopes 17O and 18O. From the measured difference in optical path between two water samples, either H2 17O or H2 18O versus H2 natO, where nat denotes the natural isotopic composition, we obtain bcoh , 17O = 5.867(4) fm and bcoh , 18O = 6.009(5) fm, based on the accurately known value of bcoh , natO = 5.805(4) fm which is equal to bcoh , 16O within the experimental uncertainty. Our results for bcoh , 17O and bcoh , 18O differ appreciably from the standard tabulated values of 5.6(5) fm and 5.84(7) fm, respectively. In particular, our measured scattering length contrast of 0.204(3) fm between 18O and natO is nearly a factor of 6 greater than the tabulated value, which renders feasible neutron diffraction experiments using 18O isotope substitution and thereby offers new possibilites for measuring the partial structure factors of oxygen-containing compounds, such as water.
Historical chronology of Hanscom AFB 1941-1986
Del Papa, E.M.; Warner, M.P.
This report contents are Initial Efforts; Program Guidance; Development, Test and Evaluation (DTandE)/Initial; Operational Test and Evaluation (IOTandE); Production Contract for HAVE A QUICK AN/ARC-164 Modification Kits; Additional HAVE QUICK Requirements; Additional HAVE QUICK Program Guidance; HAVE QUICK Extension; Deployment and Testing; FY 1981 Supplemental Budget Buy of HAVE QUICK Production Units AN/GRC-171 HAVE QUICK Modified Radio Contract; HAVE QUICK for the E-3A AWACS; Program Management Responsibility Transfer (PMRT) for the HAVE QUICK AN/ARC-164 Radio; HAVE QUICK for the Tactical Air Control System (TACS); Additional HAVE QUICK Program Guidance; Air Force Organizational Excellence Award to HAVE QUICK Program Office; HAVE QUICK for the E-3A; HAVE QUICK for NATO; AN/GRC-171 HAVE QUICK Modified Radio; HAVE QUICK Contract F19628-81-c-0151; SEEK BARON; Additional HAVE QUICK Program Guidance; Production; HAVE QUICK Net Rollover Problem; HAVE QUICK System Timing; GRC-171(V)4 Enhancements and Production; HAVE QUICK Technical Order (TO) Issues; HAVE QUICK GRC-171 Multiplexing (MUX) Network; HAVE QUICK for NATO; Navy Problem with HAVE QUICK; Nuclear Hardening, HAVE QUICK ARC-164C; HAVE QUICK GRC-171A(V)2; Midnight Madness; HAVE QUICK GRC-171 Multiplexing (MUX) Network; U.S. Marine Corps HAVE QUICK requirements; HAVE QUICK for NATO; HAVE QUICK Program Costs; and Summary and Conclusion.
Symmetry Energy of Nucleonic Matter With Tensor Correlations
Or Hen; Bao-An Li; Wen-Jun Guo; L. B. Weinstein; Eli Piasetzky
The nuclear symmetry energy (E_sym(\\roh)) is a vital ingredient of our understanding of many processes, from heavy-ion collisions to neutron stars structure. While the total nuclear symmetry energy at nuclear saturation density (\\rho_0) is relatively well determined, its value at supranuclear densities is not. The latter can be better constrained by separately examining its kinetic and potential terms and their density dependencies. The kinetic term of the symmetry energy, E_sym^kin(\\rho_0), equals the difference in the per-nucleon kinetic energy between pure neutron matter (PNM) and symmetric nuclear matter (SNM), often calculated using a simple Fermi gas model. However, experiments show that tensor force induced short-range correlations (SRC) between proton-neutron pairs shift nucleons to high-momentum in SNM, but have almost no effect in PNM. We present an approximate analytical expression for E_sym^kin(\\rho) of correlated nucleonic matter. In our model, E_sym^kin(\\rho_0) = -10 MeV, which differs significantly from +12.5 MeV for the widely-used free Fermi gas model. This result is consistent with our analysis of recent data on the free proton-to-neutron ratios measured in intermediate energy nucleus-nucleus collisions as well as with microscopic many-body calculations, and previous phenomenological extractions. We then use our calculated E_sym^kin(\\rho) in combination with the known total symmetry energy and its density dependence at saturation density to constrain the value and density dependence of the potential part and to extrapolate the total symmetry energy to supranuclear densities.
RADIATION MECHANISM AND JET COMPOSITION OF GAMMA-RAY BURSTS AND GeV-TeV-SELECTED RADIO-LOUD ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI
Zhang Jin; Lu Ye; Zhang Shuangnan [National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100012 (China); Liang Enwei; Sun Xiaona [Department of Physics and GXU-NAOC Center for Astrophysics and Space Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004 (China); Zhang Bing, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89154 (United States)
Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) and GeV-TeV-selected radio-loud active galactic nuclei (AGNs) are compared based on our systematic modeling of the observed spectral energy distributions of a sample of AGNs with a single-zone leptonic model. We show that the correlation between the jet power (P{sub jet}) and the prompt gamma-ray luminosity (L{sub jet}) of GRBs is consistent, within the uncertainties, with the correlation between jet power and the synchrotron peak luminosity (L{sub s,jet}) of flat spectrum radio quasars (FSRQs). Their radiation efficiencies ({epsilon}) are also comparable (>10% for most sources), which increase with the bolometric jet luminosity (L{sub bol,jet}) for FSRQs and with the L{sub jet} for GRBs with similar power-law indices. BL Lac objects (BL Lacs) do not follow the P{sub jet}-L{sub s,jet} relation of FSRQs. They have lower {epsilon} and L{sub bol,jet} values than FSRQs, and a tentative L{sub bol,jet}-{epsilon} relation is also found, with a power-law index different from that of the FSRQs. The magnetization parameters ({sigma}) of FSRQs are on average larger than that of BL Lacs. They are anti-correlated with {epsilon} for the FSRQs, but positively correlated with {epsilon} for the BL Lacs. GeV narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxies potentially share similar properties with FSRQs. Based on the analogy between GRBs and FSRQs, we suggest that the prompt gamma-ray emission of GRBs is likely produced by the synchrotron process in a magnetized jet with high radiation efficiency, similar to FSRQs. The jets of BL Lacs, on the other hand, are less efficient and are likely more matter-dominated.
A Spectroscopic Survey of Redshift 1.43.0 Galaxies in the Goods-North Field: Survey Description, Catalogs, and Properties
Naveen A. Reddy; Charles C. Steidel; Dawn K. Erb; Alice E. Shapley; Max Pettini
We present the results of a spectroscopic survey with the Keck I telescope of more than 280 star-forming galaxies and AGN at redshifts 1.43.0 in the GOODS-N field. Candidates are selected by their UGR colors using the ``BM/BX'' criteria to target redshift 1.41.4 in GOODS-N. Extensive multi-wavelength data allow us to investigate the stellar populations, stellar masses, bolometric luminosities (L_bol), and extinction of z~2 galaxies. Deep Chandra and Spitzer data indicate that the sample includes galaxies with a wide range in L_bol, from 10^10 L_sun to >10^12 L_sun, and covering 4 orders of magnitude in dust obscuration (L_bol/L_UV). The sample includes galaxies with a large dynamic range in evolutionary state, from very young galaxies (ages 2 Gyr) with stellar masses comparable to the most massive galaxies at these redshifts (M* > 10^11 M_sun). Spitzer data indicate that the optical sample includes some fraction of the obscured AGN population at high redshifts: at least 3 of 11 AGN in the z>1.4 sample are undetected in the deep X-ray data but exhibit power-law SEDs longward of ~2 micron (rest-frame) indicative of obscured AGN. The results of our survey indicate that rest-frame UV selection and spectroscopy presently constitute the most time-wise efficient method of culling large samples of high redshift galaxies with a wide range in intrinsic properties, and the data presented here will add significantly to the multi-wavelength legacy of the GOODS survey. [Abridged
THE LUMINOSITIES OF PROTOSTARS IN THE SPITZER c2d AND GOULD BELT LEGACY CLOUDS
Dunham, Michael M.; Arce, Hector G. [Department of Astronomy, Yale University, P.O. Box 208101, New Haven, CT 06520 (United States); Allen, Lori E. [National Optical Astronomy Observatories, Tucson, AZ (United States); Evans II, Neal J.; Harvey, Paul M. [Department of Astronomy, University of Texas at Austin, 2515 Speedway, Stop C1400, Austin, TX 78712-1205 (United States); Broekhoven-Fiene, Hannah; Matthews, Brenda C. [Herzberg Institute, National Research Council of Canada, 5071 W. Saanich Road, Victoria, BC V9E 2E7 (Canada); Chapman, Nicholas L. [Center for Interdisciplinary Exploration and Research in Astrophysics (CIERA), Department of Physics and Astronomy, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208 (United States); Cieza, Lucas A. [Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822 (United States); Gutermuth, Robert A. [Department of Astronomy, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA (United States); Hatchell, Jennifer [Astrophysics Group, Physics, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QL (United Kingdom); Huard, Tracy L.; Miller, Jennifer F. [Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742 (United States); Kirk, Jason M. [School of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University, Queens Buildings, The Parade, Cardiff CF24 3AA (United Kingdom); Merin, Bruno [Herschel Science Centre, ESAC-ESA, P.O. Box 78, E-28691 Villanueva de la Canada, Madrid (Spain); Peterson, Dawn E. [Space Science Institute, 4750 Walnut Street, Suite 205, Boulder, CO 80301 (United States); Spezzi, Loredana, E-mail: email@example.com [European Southern Observatory (ESO), Karl-Schwarzschild-Strasse 2, D-85748 Garching bei Muenchen (Germany)
Motivated by the long-standing 'luminosity problem' in low-mass star formation whereby protostars are underluminous compared to theoretical expectations, we identify 230 protostars in 18 molecular clouds observed by two Spitzer Space Telescope Legacy surveys of nearby star-forming regions. We compile complete spectral energy distributions, calculate L{sub bol} for each source, and study the protostellar luminosity distribution. This distribution extends over three orders of magnitude, from 0.01 L{sub Sun} to 69 L{sub Sun }, and has a mean and median of 4.3 L{sub Sun} and 1.3 L{sub Sun }, respectively. The distributions are very similar for Class 0 and Class I sources except for an excess of low luminosity (L{sub bol} {approx}< 0.5 L{sub Sun }) Class I sources compared to Class 0. 100 out of the 230 protostars (43%) lack any available data in the far-infrared and submillimeter (70 {mu}m <{lambda} < 850 {mu}m) and have L{sub bol} underestimated by factors of 2.5 on average, and up to factors of 8-10 in extreme cases. Correcting these underestimates for each source individually once additional data becomes available will likely increase both the mean and median of the sample by 35%-40%. We discuss and compare our results to several recent theoretical studies of protostellar luminosities and show that our new results do not invalidate the conclusions of any of these studies. As these studies demonstrate that there is more than one plausible accretion scenario that can match observations, future attention is clearly needed. The better statistics provided by our increased data set should aid such future work.
Verbal Aspect and Negation in Russian and Czech
Dickey, Stephen M.; Kresin, Susan C.
napisal novoe pis'mo, serde?no poblagodaril otca, skrupulezno pere?islil svoi minimal'nye rasxody i pokazal, kak Ķto malo. Otec s prokljatijami dobavil desjat' rublej. Bol'Üe iz nego Alik ne vy×al pf . (Rus; Meril 1985: 132¢33) æAlik wrote a new... not spoil it.Æ Aspect and Negation in Russian and Czech 24 (13) a. Otec ne razreÜal ipf emu privodit' v dom devuÜek, no do?' narodnogo komisara Ś Üutka skazat'! Takoj u Jurija ne bylo. (Rus; DA: 40) b. Otec Jurovi nedovoloval ipf , aby si...
Howard, Jeff W.
a cabo una vez por semana o cuando se considere apropiado. La participaci?n de los j?venes es vital para los programas de 4-H. El modelo educativo de aprender por medio de hacer funciona mejor cuando los j?venes participan activamente. Mientras m...?s participen, mayores ser?n sus beneficios educativos. ?C?mo se puede participar en 4-H? Los j?venes pueden participar en los programas de 4-H a trav?s de clubes, grupos formados por un corto tiempo, programa de los Ni?os Tr?bol y actividades de 4-H...
F. Willoughby Smith and the development of American policy toward the Bolshevik Revolution, 7 November - 12 December, 1917Ā
Hammond, Terry Wayne
at Batum, and later Tif li s, Russia, from Apr il, 1914 to April, 1919. The United States' entry into the war in April of 1917 catapul ted Consul Smith into a position of immense responsibility, for he was wel I-aware of the military, political..., economic, and strategic impor- tance of the Transcaucasus region of South Russia to the Allies. The Bol shevik Revolution of 7 November 1917 over- threw a regime in Russia that was friendly to the United States and threatened to dri ve a wedge between...
Howard, Jeff W.
a cabo una vez por semana o cuando se considere apropiado. La participaci?n de los j?venes es vital para los programas de 4-H. El modelo educativo de aprender por medio de hacer funciona mejor cuando los j?venes participan activamente. Mientras m...?s participen, mayores ser?n sus beneficios educativos. ?C?mo se puede participar en 4-H? Los j?venes pueden participar en los programas de 4-H a trav?s de clubes, grupos formados por un corto tiempo, programa de los Ni?os Tr?bol y actividades de 4-H...
The Theoretical Mass--Magnitude Relation of Low-Mass Stars and its Metallicity Dependence
Pavel Kroupa; Christopher A. Tout
We investigate the dependence of theoretically generated mass - (absolute magnitude) relations on stellar models. Using up to date physics we compute models in the mass range 0.1 [Fe/H] > -2.3) shows a maximum in -dm/dM_bol, which moves to brighter bolometric magnitudes with decreasing metallicity. The change in location of the maximum, as a function of [Fe/H], follows the location of structure in luminosity functions for stellar populations with different metal abundances. This structure seen in all observed stellar populations can be accounted for by the mass--luminosity relation.
Weedman, Daniel; Sargsyan, Lusine; Houck, James; Barry, Donald [Astronomy Department, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 (United States); Lebouteiller, Vianney, E-mail: email@example.com [Laboratoire AIM, CEA/DSM-CNRS-Universite Paris Diderot, DAPNIA/Service d'Astrophysique, Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex (France)
Mid-infrared spectroscopic measurements from the Infrared Spectrometer (IRS) on Spitzer are given for 125 hard X-ray active galactic nuclei (AGNs; 14-195 keV) from the Swift Burst Alert Telescope (BAT) sample and for 32 AGNs with black hole masses (BHMs) from reverberation mapping. The 9.7 {mu}m silicate feature in emission or absorption defines an infrared AGN classification describing whether AGNs are observed through dust clouds, indicating that 55% of the BAT AGNs are observed through dust. The mid-infrared dust continuum luminosity is shown to be an excellent indicator of intrinsic AGN luminosity, scaling closely with the hard X-ray luminosity, log {nu}L{sub {nu}}(7.8 {mu}m)/L(X) = -0.31 {+-} 0.35, and independent of classification determined from silicate emission or absorption. Dust luminosity scales closely with BHM, log {nu}L{sub {nu}}(7.8 {mu}m) = (37.2 {+-} 0.5) + 0.87 log BHM for luminosity in erg s{sup -1} and BHM in M{sub Sun }. The 100 most luminous type 1 quasars as measured in {nu}L{sub {nu}}(7.8 {mu}m) are found by comparing Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) optically discovered quasars with photometry at 22 {mu}m from the Wide-Field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE), scaled to rest frame 7.8 {mu}m using an empirical template determined from IRS spectra. The most luminous SDSS/WISE quasars have the same maximum infrared luminosities for all 1.5 < z < 5, reaching total infrared luminosity L{sub IR} = 10{sup 14.4} L{sub Sun }. Comparing with dust-obscured galaxies from Spitzer and WISE surveys, we find no evidence of hyperluminous obscured quasars whose maximum infrared luminosities exceed the maximum infrared luminosities of optically discovered quasars. Bolometric luminosities L{sub bol} estimated from rest-frame optical or ultraviolet luminosities are compared to L{sub IR}. For the local AGN, the median log L{sub IR}/L{sub bol} = -0.35, consistent with a covering factor of 45% for the absorbing dust clouds. For the SDSS/WISE quasars, the median log L{sub IR}/L{sub bol} = 0.1, with extremes indicating that ultraviolet-derived L{sub bol} can be seriously underestimated even for type 1 quasars.
Convergence analysis of the B\\"ol-Reese discrete model for rubber
Alicandro, Roberto; Gloria, Antoine
In a recent work, B\\"ol and Reese have introduced a discrete model for polymer networks by means of a finite element modeling. They have also provided a comparison with real experiments. A key parameter of their model is the size h of the finite element mesh, that is meant to be small in practice. The aim of the present work is to study the asymptotic behaviour (and the convergence of the finite element method) when the meshsize goes to zero. In particular, we address the properties satisfied by the model at the limit, depending on the properties of the mesh.
Convergence analysis of the B÷l-Reese discrete model for rubber
Roberto Alicandro; Marco Cicalese; Antoine Gloria
In a recent work, B\\"ol and Reese have introduced a discrete model for polymer networks by means of a finite element modeling. They have also provided a comparison with real experiments. A key parameter of their model is the size h of the finite element mesh, that is meant to be small in practice. The aim of the present work is to study the asymptotic behaviour (and the convergence of the finite element method) when the meshsize goes to zero. In particular, we address the properties satisfied by the model at the limit, depending on the properties of the mesh.
Aspects of glycine metabolism in juvenile white shrimp (Penaeus setiferus, L.) acutely exposed to hypersaline conditions
Koenig, Michael L
Penaeus set1ferus. D1stribution of tr1t1um label (adminis- te ed a~sll-gtycfne and gh-p oline) hetwe the FAA and macromolecular pools of abdom1nal muscle. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 Penaeus set1ferus. Di str1but1on of C label (admin 1s... th1s an1mal is exposed to a hypersaline environment. Two meta- bol1c pathways by which the glycine levels might be increased have been investigated. The poss1b1lity that catabolism of a specif1c protein may contribute to the increased glyc1ne...
From AdS/CFT correspondence to hydrodynamics. II. Sound waves
G. Policastro; D. T. Son; A. O. Starinets
As a non-trivial check of the non-supersymmetric gauge/gravity duality, we use a near-extremal black brane background to compute the retarded Green's functions of the stress-energy tensor in N=4 super-Yang-Mills (SYM) theory at finite temperature. For the long-distance, low-frequency modes of the diagonal components of the stress-energy tensor, hydrodynamics predicts the existence of a pole in the correlators corresponding to propagation of sound waves in the N=4 SYM plasma. The retarded Green's functions obtained from gravity do indeed exhibit this pole, with the correct values for the sound speed and the rate of attenuation.
On beta-deformations and Noncommutativity
Manuela Kulaxizi
We elucidate the connection between the N=1 beta-deformed SYM theory and noncommutativity. Our starting point is the T-duality generating transformation involved in constructing the gravity duals of both beta-deformed and noncommutative gauge theories. We show that the two methods can be identified provided that a particular submatrix of the O(3,3,R) group element employed in the former case, is interpreted as the noncommutativity parameter associated with the deformation of the transverse space. It is then explained how to construct the matrix in question, relying solely on information extracted from the gauge theory Lagrangian and basic notions of AdS/CFT. This result may provide an additional tool in exploring deformations of the N=4 SYM theory. Finally we use the uncovered relationship between beta-deformations and noncommutativity to find the gravity background dual to a noncommutative gauge theory with beta-type noncommutativity parameter.
Top-forms of Leading Singularities in Nonplanar Multi-loop Amplitudes
Baoyi Chen; Gang Chen; Yeuk-Kwan E. Cheung; Ruofei Xie; Yuan Xin
Bipartite on-shell diagrams are the latest tool in constructing scattering amplitudes. In this letter we prove that an on-shell diagram process a rational top-form if and only if the algebraic ideal comprised of the geometrical constraints can be shifted linearly during successive Britto-Cachazo-Feng-Witten integrations. With a proper geometric interpretation of the constraints in the Grassmannian manifold, the rational top-form integration contours can thus be obtained, and understood, in a straightforward way. All top-form integrands of arbitrary higher loops can therefore be derived recursively, completing the top-form picture of $\\mathcal{N}=4$ SYM scattering amplitudes proposed by us earlier. Scattering amplitudes in maximally supersymmetric ($\\mathcal{N}=4$) Super Yang-Mills (SYM) theory can thus be greatly simplified due to the existence of top-forms comprised of rational functions of the minors of the constraint matrices.
Correlations between the nuclear matter symmetry energy, its slope, and curvature from a nonrelativistic solvable approach and beyond
B. M. Santos; M. Dutra; O. Lourenńo; A. Delfino
By using point-coupling versions of finite range nuclear relativistic mean field models containing cubic and quartic self interactions in the scalar field $\\sigma$, a nonrelativistic limit is achieved. This approach allows an analytical expression for the symmetry energy ($J$) as a function of its slope ($L$) in a unified form, namely, $\\,L\\,=\\,3J\\,+f(m^{*},\\rho_{o},B_{o},K_{o})$, where the quantities $m^{*}$, $\\rho_{o}$, $B_{o}$ and $K_{o}$ are bulk parameters at the nuclear matter saturation density $\\rho_{o}$. This result establishes a linear correlation between $L$ and $J$ which is reinforced by exact relativistic calculations. An analogous analytical correlation is also found for $J$, $L$ and the symmetry energy curvature ($K_{sym}$). Based on these results, we propose graphic constraints in $L\\times J$ and $K_{sym}\\times L$ planes which finite range models must satisfy.
Metric intersection problems in Cayley graphs and the Stirling recursion
Phongpattanacharoen, Teeraphong
In the symmetric group Sym(n) with n at least 5 let H be a conjugacy class of elements of order 2 and let \\Gamma be the Cayley graph whose vertex set is the group G generated by H (so G is Sym(n) or Alt(n)) and whose edge set is determined by H. We are interested in the metric structure of this graph. In particular, for g\\in G let B_{r}(g) be the metric ball in \\Gamma of radius r and centre g. We show that the intersection numbers \\Phi(\\Gamma; r, g):=|\\,B_{r}(e)\\,\\cap\\,B_{r}(g)\\,| are generalized Stirling functions in n and r. The results are motivated by the study of error graphs and related reconstruction problems.
Les racines des composantes hyperboliques de M sont des quarts d'entiers algebriques
Bousch, Thierry
: (┬Ę ┬Ę ┬Ę((Z2 0 + C)2 + 4C)2 + ┬Ę ┬Ę ┬Ę)2 + 22n -2 C = 22n -1 Z0. Cette ┬┤equation est monique en Z0 et `a sym┬┤etrique ┬┤el┬┤ementaire de degr┬┤e k en les i, on a la majoration k(C) = O(|C| kn/2 ) quand |C
Bulletin of Tibetology: Volume 18 Number 4 : Full issue
Namgyal Institute of Tibetology
. Vinnana is a link between one existence to another. It is also conditioned, and, therefore, is not permanent; conŁ sciousness comes into being and passes away yielding place to new consciousness. Thus the stream of consciousness goes on until existence... of Dharma. The two Golden Fishes symŁ bolise resurrection, eternal life, rebirth, etc. They may also be taken to symbolise the eye of perception, as fishes can see throught muddy water. The Lucky Net symbolises Brahmajala representing all the theories...
TABLEAU II. L,,nergies des orbitales dit naphtalne.
Paris-Sud XI, Universitķ de
6s par Platt qui sont tous d6g6n6r6s, sauf le premier. Ces niveaux concordent exactement avec les trouv6e par Platt, car elle fait intervenir deux niveaux de sym6trie Ay. Notons enfin que les calculs ne. Acad. Sc., 1953, 236, 62 et 279. [3] PLATT J. - J. Chem. Phys., 1949, 17, 484. [4] Voir, par exemple
A non-renormalization theorem for chiral primary 3-point functions
Marco Baggio; Jan de Boer; Kyriakos Papadodimas
In this note we prove a non-renormalization theorem for the 3-point functions of 1/2 BPS primaries in the four-dimensional N = 4 SYM and chiral primaries in two dimensional N =(4,4) SCFTs. Our proof is rather elementary: it is based on Ward identities and the structure of the short multiplets of the superconformal algebra and it does not rely on superspace techniques. We also discuss some possible generalizations to less supersymmetric multiplets.
Experimental reconstruction of primary hot isotopes and characteristic properties of the fragmenting source in the heavy ion reactions near the Fermi energy
W. Lin; X. Liu; M. R. D. Rodrigues; S. Kowalski; R. Wada; M. Huang; S. Zhang; Z. Chen; J. Wang; G. Q. Xiao; R. Han; Z. Jin; J. Liu; P. Ren; F. Shi; T. Keutgen; K. Hagel; M. Barbui; C. Bottosso; A. Bonasera; J. B. Natowitz; T. Materna; L. Qin; P. K. Sahu; H. Zheng
The characteristic properties of the hot nuclear matter existing at the time of fragment formation in the multifragmentation events produced in the reaction $^{64}$Zn + $^{112}$Sn at 40 MeV/nucleon are studied. A kinematical focusing method is employed to determine the multiplicities of evaporated light particles, associated with isotopically identified detected fragments. From these data the primary isotopic yield distributions are reconstructed using a Monte Carlo method. The reconstructed yield distributions are in good agreement with the primary isotope distributions obtained from AMD transport model simulations. Utilizing the reconstructed yields, power distribution, Landau free energy, characteristic properties of the emitting source are examined. The primary mass distributions exhibit a power law distribution with the critical exponent, $A^{-2.3}$, for $A \\geq 15$ isotopes, but significantly deviates from that for the lighter isotopes. Landau free energy plots show no strong signature of the first order phase transition. Based on the Modified Fisher Model, the ratios of the Coulomb and symmetry energy coefficients relative to the temperature, $a_{c}/T$ and $a_{sym}/T$, are extracted as a function of A. The extracted $a_{sym}/T$ values are compared with results of the AMD simulations using Gogny interactions with different density dependencies of the symmetry energy term. The calculated $a_{sym}/T$ values show a close relation to the symmetry energy at the density at the time of the fragment formation. From this relation the density of the fragmenting source is determined to be $\\rho /\\rho_{0} = (0.63 \\pm 0.03 )$. Using this density, the symmetry energy coefficient and the temperature of fragmenting source are determined in a self-consistent manner as $a_{sym} = (24.7 \\pm 3.4) MeV$ and $T=(4.9 \\pm 0.2)$ MeV.
Shooting String Holography of Jet Quenching at RHIC and LHC
Andrej Ficnar; Steven S. Gubser; Miklos Gyulassy
We derive a new formula for jet energy loss using finite endpoint momentum shooting strings initial conditions in SYM plasmas to overcome the difficulties of previous falling string holographic scenarios. We apply the new formula to compute the nuclear modification factor RAA and the elliptic flow parameter v2 of light hadrons at RHIC and LHC. We show furthermore that Gauss-Bonnet quadratic curvature corrections to the AdS5 geometry improve the agreement with the recent data.
SPE/DOE 27789 Mechanistic Prediction of Foam Displacement in
Patzek, Tadeusz W.
vilal c.omponem of dle eagineerit:g"- and economic evaluation of tiIIy EOR project, efticiem apphcat ion, society of Petroleum Englnee,,, 1".. TM PaPm was PrePa,fl ~or PP?$e"MO" at the SPE/DOE NIn,h Sym@um 0" lm of the SoCiaWof Petroleum Engineers. IF of+ic.m, or members. Pa?ere presented a! % mee!lngs ? wblect
Architectural space in the Gothic and Renaissance periods
Lamb, Nellie Maie
in the preference for pure forms which articulate and link the whole together according to a simple, elementary law. In the ideal domed centralized scheme, no forward or upward drive dominates, but the rhythm from the west door to the dome of the crossing...-contained, perfectly sym- metrical, domed centralized structure ? illustrates the classical simplicity, tranquility of design, and harmonious and even distribution of masses which was the ideal of the Renaissance. The centric and proportional aspirations...
The distance scale and Eddington efficiency of luminous quasars
P. Teerikorpi
The relation between the central mass and quasar luminosity (M_BH \\propto L^{\\alpha}FHWM^2) links a given Eddington ratio with a value of H_0, within a cosmology with fixed (\\Omega_m,\\Omega_{\\Lambda}). We point out that because the relation is calibrated at low z using distance independent reverberation mapping to get the BLR size, the derived M_BH interestingly does not depend on H_0, while L/L_Edd is sensitive to H_0, but rather robust to changes of \\Omega_{\\Lambda} in the standard flat model. This means, e.g., that enough of extragalactic objects radiating at the Eddington limit could be used to study the global Hubble constant in a new way, bypassing the local distance ladder. The method could become practical when systematic errors in derived M_BH are understood and objects with L /leq L_Edd can be independently identified. As an illustration, if we take a sample of tranquil very luminous quasars in the redshift range 0.5 < z < 1.6, and assume that they are radiating with L_bol \\leq L_Edd, then the usual numeric factors used for calculating M_BH and L_bol would lead to the result that the Hubble constant must be larger than 45 km/s/Mpc.
Improved Accelerated Stress Tests Based on Fuel Cell Vehicle Data
Patterson, Timothy [Research Engineer] [Research Engineer; Motupally, Sathya [Research Engineer] [Research Engineer
UTC will led a top-tier team of industry and national laboratory participants to update and improve DOEÆs Accelerated Stress Tests (ASTÆs) for hydrogen fuel cells. This in-depth investigation will focused on critical fuel cell components (e.g. membrane electrode assemblies - MEA) whose durability represented barriers for widespread commercialization of hydrogen fuel cell technology. UTC had access to MEA materials that had accrued significant load time under real-world conditions in PureMotion« 120 power plant used in transit buses. These materials are referred to as end-of-life (EOL) components in the rest of this document. Advanced characterization techniques were used to evaluate degradation mode progress using these critical cell components extracted from both bus power plants and corresponding materials tested using the DOE ASTÆs. These techniques were applied to samples at beginning-of-life (BOL) to serve as a baseline. These comparisons advised the progress of the various failure modes that these critical components were subjected to, such as membrane degradation, catalyst support corrosion, platinum group metal dissolution, and others. Gaps in the existing ASTs predicted the degradation observed in the field in terms of these modes were outlined. Using the gaps, new ASTÆs were recommended and tested to better reflect the degradation modes seen in field operation. Also, BOL components were degraded in a test vehicle at UTC designed to accelerate the bus field operation.
The progenitor of the FUor-type young eruptive star 2MASS J06593158-0405277
K¾spßl, ┴; Mo¾r, A; Haas, M; Chini, R; Hackstein, M
Only a dozen confirmed FU Orionis-type young outbursting stars (FUors) are known today; this explains the interest in the recent FUor eruption of 2MASS J06593158-0405277. Its outburst and expected decline will be subject to numerous studies in the future. Almost equally important for the understanding of the eruption mechanism, however, is the physical characterization of the FUor's precursor. Here we analyze unpublished archival data and summarize - and partly revise - all relevant photometry from optical to submillimeter wavelengths. Our analysis implies that the FUor is possibly associated with eight T Tauri star candidates and a strong Class 0 source. Adopting a distance of 450 pc for the FUor, we derive a quiescent bolometric luminosity and temperature of L_bol = 4.8 L_Sun and T_bol = 1190 K, typical for young Class II sources. The central star has a temperature of T_eff = 4000 K, a mass of 0.75 M_Sun, and an age of about 6 x 10^5 yr. The SED implies a circumstellar mass of 0.01 - 0.06 M_Sun, and the sys...
Acid Gas Capture Using CO2-Binding Organic Liquids
Heldebrant, David J.; Koech, Phillip K.; Rainbolt, James E.; Zheng, Feng
Current chemical CO2 scrubbing technology is primarily aqueous alkanolamine based. These systems rapidly bind CO2 (forming water-soluble carbamate and bicarbonate salts) however, the process has serious disadvantages. The concentration of monoethanolamine rarely exceeds 30 wt % due to the corrosive nature of the solution, and this reduces the maximum CO2 volumetric (?108 g/L) and gravimetric capacity (?7 wt%) of the CO2 scrubber. The ?30 wt % loading of ethanolamine also means that a large excess of water must be pumped and heated during CO2 capture and release, and this greatly increases the energy requirements especially considering the high specific heat of water (4 j/g-1K-1). Our approach is to switch to organic systems that chemically bind CO2 as liquid alkylcarbonate salts. Our CO2-binding organic liquids have higher CO2 solubility, lower specific heats, potential for less corrosion and lower binding energies for CO2 than aqueous systems. CO2BOLs also reversibly bind and release mixed sulfur oxides. Furthermore the CO2BOL system can be direct solvent replacements for any solvent based CO2 capture systems because they are commercially available reagents and because they are fluids they would not require extensive process re-engineering.
Primary Isotope Yields and Characteristic Properties of the Fragmenting Source in Heavy-ion Reactions near the Fermi Energies
X. Liu; W. Lin; R. Wada; M. Huang; Z. Chen; G. Q. Xiao; S. Zhang; X. Jin; J. Liu; F. Shi; P. Ren; H. Zheng; J. B. Natowitz; A. Bonasera
For central collisions of $^{40}$Ca $+ ^{40}$Ca at 35 MeV/nucleon, the density and temperature of a fragmenting source have been evaluated in a self-consistent manner using the ratio of the symmetry energy coefficient relative to the temperature, $a_{sym}/T$, extracted from the yields of primary isotopes produced in antisymmetrized molecular dynamics (AMD) simulations. The $a_{sym}/T$ values are extracted from all isotope yields using an improved method based on the Modified Fisher Model (MFM). The values of $a_{sym}/T$ obtained, using different interactions with different density dependencies of the symmetry energy term, are correlated with the values of the symmetry energies at the density of fragment formation. Using this correlation, the fragment formation density is found to be $\\rho/\\rho_0 = 0.67 \\pm 0.02$. Using the input symmetry energy value for each interaction temperature values are extracted as a function of isotope mass $A$. The extracted temperature values are compared with those evaluated from the fluctuation thermometer with a radial flow correction.
Isobaric incompressibility of isospin asymmetric nuclear matter
Basu, D. N. [Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, 1/AF Bidhan Nagar, Kolkata 700 064 (India); Chowdhury, P. Roy [Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, 1/AF Bidhan Nagar, Kolkata 700 064 (India); Samanta, C. [Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, 1/AF Bidhan Nagar, Kolkata 700 064 (India); Physics Department, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284-2000 (United States); Physics Department, University of Richmond, Richmond, Virginia 23173 (United States)
The isospin dependence of the saturation properties of asymmetric nuclear matter, particularly the incompressibility K{sub {infinity}}(X)=K{sub {infinity}}+K{sub {tau}}X{sup 2}+O(X{sup 4}) at saturation density, is systematically studied using density-dependent M3Y interaction. K{sub {tau}} characterizes the isospin dependence of the incompressibility at saturation density {rho}{sub 0}. The approximate expression K{sub asy}{approx_equal}K{sub sym}-6L is often used for K{sub {tau}} where L and K{sub sym} represent the slope and curvature parameters of the symmetry energy at {rho}{sub 0}, respectively. It can be expressed accurately as K{sub {tau}}=K{sub sym}-6L-(Q{sub 0}/K{sub {infinity}})L, where Q{sub 0} is the third-order-derivative parameter of symmetric nuclear matter at {rho}{sub 0}. The results of this addendum to [Phys. Rev. C 80, 011305(R) (2009)] indicate that the Q{sub 0} contribution to K{sub {tau}} is not insignificant.
Twisted 3D $N=4$ Supersymmetric YM on deformed $\\mathbb{A}_3^\\ast$ Lattice
El Hassan Saidi
We study a class of twisted 3D $N=4$ supersymmetric Yang-Mills (SYM) theory on particular 3-dimensional lattice denoted as $\\mathcal{L}_{3D}^{su_3\\times u_1}$ and given by non trivial fibration $\\mathcal{L}_{1D}^{u_1}\\times \\mathcal{L}_{2D}^{su_3}$ with base $\\mathcal{L}_{2D}^{su_3}=\\mathbb{A}_2^\\ast$, the weight lattice of $SU(3)$. We first, develop the twisted 3D $N=4$ SYM in continuum by using superspace method where the scalar supercharge $Q$ is manifestly exhibited. Then, we show how to engineer the 3D lattice $\\mathcal{L}_{3D}^{su_3\\times u_1}$ that host this theory. After that we build the lattice action $\\mathcal{S}_{latt}$ invariant under the 3 following: (i) $U(N)$ gauge invariance, (ii) BRST symmetry, (iii) the hidden $SU(3) \\times U(1)$ symmetry of $\\mathcal{L}_{3D}^{su_3\\times u_1}$. Other features such as reduction to twisted 2D supersymmetry with 8 supercharges living on $\\mathcal{L}_{2D}^{su_2\\times u_1}$, the extension to twisted maximal 5D SYM with 16 supercharges on lattice $\\mathcal{L}_{5D}^{su_4\\times u_1}$ as well as the relation with known results are also given.
Plus c`est la meme chose: The future of nuclear weapons in Europe
Maaranen, S.A.
Since the end of the Cold War, the United States perhaps more than any other nuclear weapon state has deeply questioned the future role of nuclear weapons, both in a strategic sense and in Europe. It is probably the United States that has raised the most questions about the continuing need for and efficacy of nuclear weapons, and has expressed the greatest concerns about the negative consequences of continuing nuclear weapons deployment. In the US, this period of questioning has now come to a pause, if not a conclusion. In late 1994 the United States decided to continue to pursue reductions in numbers of nuclear weapons as well as other changes designed to reduce the dangers associated with the possession of nuclear weapons. But at the same time the US concluded that some number of nuclear forces would continue to be needed for national security for the foreseeable future. These necessary nuclear forces include a continuing but greatly reduced stockpile of nuclear bombs deployed in Europe under NATO`s New Strategic Concept. If further changes to the US position on nuclear weapons in Europe are to occur, it is likely to be after many years, and only in the context of dramatic additional improvements in the political and geo-political climate in and around Europe. The future role of nuclear weapons in Europe, as discussed in this report, depends in part on past and future decisions by the United States. but it must also be noted that other states that deploy nuclear weapons in Europe--Britain, France, and Russia, as well as the NATO alliance--have shown little inclination to discontinue their deployment of such weapons, whatever the United States might choose to do in the future.
The 'Curse' of Eastern Blood in Ismail KadareÆs Elegy for Kosovo.
Kokobobo, Ani
,'A the Kosovo crisis coupled with the NATO intervention that followed, led to representations and demonizations of Serbs in the Western press as savage or vampiric others. Scholars construe such perceptions of the Balkans as Europe's other to be a variant... with the Western European need for a point of contrast to its own identity. Nor is the Western construction of the Orient limited to discourse alone. As Said argues, this construct becomes a way for Europe to dominate the 1 Maria Todorova, Imagining the Balkans...
Assessing the risk from the depleted uranium weapons used in Operation Allied Force
Liolios, T E
The conflict in Yugoslavia has been a source of great concern for the neighboring countries, about the radiological and toxic hazard posed by the alleged presence of depleted uranium in NATO weapons. In the present study a worst-case scenario is assumed mainly to assess the risk for Greece and other neighboring countries of Yugoslavia at similar distances . The risk of the weapons currently in use is proved to be negligible at distances greater than 100 Km. For shorter distances classified data of weapons composition are needed to obtain a reliable assessment.
Methodologies used by Warsaw Pact countries (except USSR) in obtaining US technologies. Student report
Cheeseman, R.J.
The Warsaw Pact countries obtain U.S. technologies by legal and illegal means. Methods of collection include espionage, overt collection, acquisition by scientific and educational exchange participants, and illegal trade activities. Examples of methods used by the Warsaw Pact countries (except the USSR) are provided. The US faces barriers to preventing loss of its technologies. Among these are resistance from US business interests, insufficient cooperation between US government agencies and overseas allies, lack of US counterintelligence personnel, and the openess of American society. The study concludes that the Warsaw Pact's countries have narrowed NATO's qualitative lead in weaponry as a result of the Warsaw Pact's acquisition effort.
Navy Mobility Fuels Forecasting System Phase 5 report: Jet fuel conversion by Pacific fuel suppliers and impacts on Navy fuel availability
Hadder, G.R.; Das, S.; Lee, R.; Domingo, N.; Davis, R.M.
NATO members have made the commitment to convert land-based jet aircraft from naphtha-type JP-4 jet fuel to kerosene-type JP-8. JP-8 has safety advantages because of its relatively low volatility. With the NATO conversion underway, the US military has conducted market surveys to determine the effects of jet fuel conversion in the Pacific basin. This report describes the application of the economic and engineering models of the Navy Mobility Fuels Forecasting System to predict the effects of jet fuel conversion in the Pacific basin. The primary objective of the study was to estimate the impacts of conversion on the cost and quality of Navy jet and marine fuels. The study predicts that the average cost increase for producing JP-8 instead of JP-4 is 5 cents per gallon. The associated cost increases for Navy fuels are 0.4 cents per gallon for JP-5 jet fuel; 0.2 cents per gallon for F-76 marine diesel fuel; and 0.4 cents per gallon for F-77 burner fuel oil. Conversion has little effect on the quality of Navy fuels. With or without conversion, the study predicts that Navy fuels produced in the US West Coast could have increased tendencies to form gums and other particulates, with potentially adverse impacts on storage stability. 22 refs., 2 figs., 11 tabs.
Spectral energy distribution for GJ406
Ya. V. Pavlenko; H. R. A. Jones; Yu. Lyubchik; J. Tennyson; D. J. Pinfield
We present results of modelling the bulk of the spectral energy distribution (0.35 - 5 micron) for GJ406 (M6V). Synthetic spectra were calculated using the NextGen, Dusty and Cond model atmospheres and incorporate line lists for H2O, TiO, CrH, FeH, CO, MgH molecules as well as the VALD line list of atomic lines. A comparison of synthetic and observed spectra gives Tef = 2800 +/- 100 K. We determine M$_bol = 12.13 +/- 0.10 for which evolutionary models by Baraffe et al. (2003) suggest an age of around 0.1 -- 0.35 Gyr consistent with its high activity. The age and luminosity of GJ406 correspond to a wide range of plausible masses (0.07 -- 0.1 Msun).
Effect of Graphitic Content on Carbon Supported Catalyst Performance
A. Patel; K. Artyushkova; P. Atanassov; David Harvey; M. Dutta; V. Colbow; S. Wessel
The effect of graphitic content on carbon supported platinum catalysts was investigated in order to investigate its influence on catalyst performance. Four catalysts of varying surface areas and graphitic content were analyzed using XPS, HREELS, and tested using RDE experiments. The catalysts were also heat treated at 150 C and 100%RH as means to uniformly age them. The heat treated samples were analyzed using the same methods to determine what changes had occurred due to this aging process. When compared to the BOL catalysts, heat treated catalysts displayed increased graphitic carbon and platinum metallic content, however they also showed depressed catalytic activity. The primary cause is still under investigation, though it is believed to be related to loss of amorphous carbon content.
ASASSN-15lh: The Most Luminous Supernova Ever Discovered
Dong, Subo; Prieto, J L; Jha, S W; Stanek, K Z; Holoien, T W -S; Kochanek, C S; Thompson, T A; Morrell, N; Thompson, I B; Basu, U; Beacom, J F; Bersier, D; Brimacombe, J; Brown, J S; Chen, Ping; Conseil, E; Danilet, A B; Falco, E; Grupe, D; Kiyota, S; Masi, G; Nicholls, B; Olivares, F; Pignata, G; Pojmanski, G; Simonian, G V; Szczygiel, D M; Wozniak, P R
We report the discovery and early evolution of ASASSN-15lh, the most luminous supernova ever found. At redshift z=0.2326, ASASSN-15lh reached an absolute magnitude of M_{u,AB} ~ -23.5 and bolometric luminosity L_bol ~ 2.2x10^45 ergs/s, which is >~ 2 times more luminous than any previously known supernova. Its spectra match the hydrogen-poor sub-class of super-luminous supernovae (SLSNe-I), whose energy sources and progenitors are poorly understood. In contrast to known SLSNe-I, most of which reside in star-forming, dwarf galaxies, its host appears to be a luminous galaxy (M_V ~ -22; M_K ~ -25.1) with little star formation. In the two months since its first detection, ASASSN-15lh has radiated ~7.5x10^51 ergs, challenging the popular magnetar model for the engine of SLSNe-I.
Drake, Jeremy J.; Cohen, Ofer [Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138 (United States)] [Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138 (United States); Yashiro, Seiji [Interferometrics Inc., Herndon, VA 20171 (United States)] [Interferometrics Inc., Herndon, VA 20171 (United States); Gopalswamy, Nat, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771 (United States)] [NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771 (United States)
Analysis of a database of solar coronal mass ejections (CMEs) and associated flares over the period 1996-2007 finds well-behaved power-law relationships between the 1-8 A flare X-ray fluence and CME mass and kinetic energy. We extrapolate these relationships to lower and higher flare energies to estimate the mass and energy loss due to CMEs from stellar coronae, assuming that the observed X-ray emission of the latter is dominated by flares with a frequency as a function of energy dn/dE = kE {sup -{alpha}}. For solar-like stars at saturated levels of X-ray activity, the implied losses depend fairly weakly on the assumed value of {alpha} and are very large: M-dot {approx}5 Multiplication-Sign 10{sup -10} M{sub sun} yr{sup -1} and E-dot {approx}0.1 L{sub sun}. In order to avoid such large energy requirements, either the relationships between CME mass and speed and flare energy must flatten for X-ray fluence {approx}> 10{sup 31} erg, or the flare-CME association must drop significantly below 1 for more energetic events. If active coronae are dominated by flares, then the total coronal energy budget is likely to be up to an order of magnitude larger than the canonical 10{sup -3} L {sub bol} X-ray saturation threshold. This raises the question of what is the maximum energy a magnetic dynamo can extract from a star? For an energy budget of 1% of L {sub bol}, the CME mass loss rate is about 5 Multiplication-Sign 10{sup -11} M {sub Sun} yr{sup -1}.
Asymptotic, Algorithmic and Geometric Aspects of Groups Generated by AutomataĀ
Savchuk, Dmytro M.
: Mathematics iii ABSTRACT Asymptotic, Algorithmic and Geometric Aspects of Groups Generated by Automata. (August 2009) Dmytro Savchuk, B.S., National Taras Shevchenko University of Kyiv, Ukraine; M.S., National Taras Shevchenko University of Kyiv, Ukraine Co...?4; qn?3 = (a;a) n?3; (1.1) where i 2 Sym(f0;1g) is chosen arbitrarily. Conjecturally, each automaton in the family for which at least one of the i is nontrivial, generates the free product of groups of order 2. The flrst result supporting...
Catterall, Simon; Kaplan, David B.; Unsal, Mithat
We provide an introduction to recent lattice formulations of supersymmetric theories which are invariant under one or more real supersymmetries at nonzero lattice spacing. These include the especially interesting case of N = 4 SYM in four dimensions. We discuss approaches based both on twisted supersymmetry and orbifold-deconstruction techniques and show their equivalence in the case of gauge theories. The presence of an exact supersymmetry reduces and in some cases eliminates the need for fine tuning to achieve a continuum limit invariant under the full supersymmetry of the target theory. We discuss open problems.
Review of AdS/CFT Integrability, Chapter IV.3: N=6 Chern-Simons and Strings on AdS4xCP3
Thomas Klose
We review the duality and integrability of N=6 superconformal Chern-Simons theory in three dimensions and IIA superstring theory on the background AdS4xCP3. We introduce both of these models and describe how their degrees of freedom are mapped to excitations of a long-range integrable spin-chain. Finally, we discuss the properties of the Bethe equations, the S-matrix and the algebraic curve that are special to this correspondence and differ from the case of N=4 SYM theory and strings on AdS5xS5.
Jet quenching parameters of Sakai-Sugimoto Model
Yi-hong Gao; Wei-shui Xu; Ding-fang Zeng
Using gauge theory/string duality, we calculated the jet quenching parameter $\\hat{q}$ of the Sakai-Sugimoto model in various phases. Being different from the $\\mathcal{N}=4$ SYM theory where $\\hat{q}\\propto T^3$, we find that $\\hat{q}\\propto T^4/T_d$, where $T_d$ is the critical temperature of the confined/deconfined phase transition. By analyzing the $\\hat{q}$ in different phases of this theory, we get better understanding about some statements in previous works, such as the non-universality and the explanation of discrepancies between the theory predictions and experiments.
Symphony Energy Co Ltd | Open Energy Information
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Higher-order symmetry energy of nuclear matter and the inner edge of neutron star crusts
Seif, W M
The parabolic approximation to the equation of state of the isospin asymmetric nuclear matter (ANM) is widely used in the literature to make predictions for the nuclear structure and the neutron star properties. Based on the realistic M3Y-Paris and M3Y-Reid nucleon-nucleon interactions, we investigate the effects of the higher-order symmetry energy on the proton fraction in neutron stars and the location of the inner edge of their crusts and their core-crust transition density and pressure, thermodynamically. Analytical expressions for different-order symmetry energy coefficients of ANM are derived using the realistic interactions mentioned above. It is found that the higher-order terms of the symmetry energy coefficients up to its eighth-order (E$_{sym8}$) contributes substantially to the proton fraction in $\\beta$ stable neutron star matter at different nuclear matter densities, the core-crust transition density and pressure. Even by considering the symmetry energy coefficients up to E$_{sym8}$, we obtain a...
Matching the Hagedorn temperature in AdS/CFT correspondence
Harmark, Troels; Orselli, Marta [Niels Bohr Institute and Nordita Blegdamsvej 17, 2100 Copenhagen O (Denmark)
We match the Hagedorn/deconfinement temperature of planar N=4 super Yang-Mills (SYM) on RxS{sup 3} to the Hagedorn temperature of string theory on AdS{sub 5}xS{sup 5}. The match is done in a near-critical region where both gauge theory and string theory are weakly coupled. The near-critical region is near a point with zero temperature and critical chemical potential. On the gauge-theory side we are taking a decoupling limit found in Ref. 7 in which the physics of planar N=4 SYM is given exactly by the ferromagnetic XXX{sub 1/2} Heisenberg spin chain. We find moreover a general relation between the Hagedorn/deconfinement temperature and the thermodynamics of the Heisenberg spin chain and we use this to compute it in two distinct regimes. On the string-theory side, we identify the dual limit for which the string tension and string coupling go to zero. This limit is taken of string theory on a maximally supersymmetric pp-wave background with a flat direction, obtained from a Penrose limit of AdS{sub 5}xS{sup 5}. We compute the Hagedorn temperature of the string theory and find agreement with the Hagedorn/deconfinement temperature computed on the gauge-theory side.
Dynamical and sequential decay effects on isoscaling and density dependence of the symmetry energy
W. D. Tian; Y. G. Ma; X. Z. Cai; D. Q. Fang; W. Guo; C. W. Ma; G. H. Liu; W. Q. Shen; Y. Shi; H. W. Wang; K. Wang; W. Xu; T. Z. Yan
The isoscaling properties of the primary and final products are studied via isospin dependent quantum molecular dynamics (IQMD) model and the followed sequential decay model GEMINI, respectively. It is found that the isoscaling parameters $\\alpha$ of both primary and final products keep no significant change for light fragments, but increases with the mass for intermediate and heavy products. The dynamical effects on isoscaling are exhibited by that $\\alpha$ value decreases a little with the evolution time of the system, and opposite trend for the heavy products. The secondary decay effects on isoscaling are reflected in the increasing of the $\\alpha$ value for the final products which experiences secondary decay process. Furthermore the density dependence of the symmetry energy has also been explored, it is observed that in the low densities the symmetry energy coefficient has the form of $C_{sym}(\\rho)\\sim C_{0}(\\rho/\\rho_{0})^{\\gamma}$, where $\\gamma = 0.7 \\sim 1.3$ for both primary and final products, but $C_{0}$ have different values for primary and final products. It is also suggested that it might be more reasonable to describe the density dependence of the symmetry energy coefficient by the $C_{sym}(\\rho/\\rho_{0})\\approx C_{1}(\\rho/\\rho_{0})^{\\gamma_{soft}} + C_{2}(\\rho/\\rho_{0})^{\\gamma_{stiff}}$ with $\\gamma_{soft}\\leq 1$, $\\gamma_{stiff}\\geq 1$ and $C_{1}, C_{2}$ constant parameters.
Deformed Matrix Models, Supersymmetric Lattice Twists and N=1/4 Supersymmetry
Unsal, Mithat
A manifestly supersymmetric nonperturbative matrix regularization for a twisted version of N = (8, 8) theory on a curved background (a two-sphere) is constructed. Both continuum and the matrix regularization respect four exact scalar supersymmetries under a twisted version of the supersymmetry algebra. We then discuss a succinct Q = 1 deformed matrix model regularization of N = 4 SYM in d = 4, which is equivalent to a non-commutative A*{sub 4} orbifold lattice formulation. Motivated by recent progress in supersymmetric lattices, we also propose a N = 1/4 supersymmetry preserving deformation of N = 4 SYM theory on R{sup 4}. In this class of N = 1/4 theories, both the regularized and continuum theory respect the same set of (scalar) supersymmetry. By using the equivalence of the deformed matrix models with the lattice formulations, we give a very simple physical argument on why the exact lattice supersymmetry must be a subset of scalar subalgebra. This argument disagrees with the recent claims of the link approach, for which we give a new interpretation.
Symmetry energy at subsaturation densities and the neutron skin thickness of 208Pb
Fan, Xiaohua; Zuo, Wei
The mass-dependent symmetry energy coefficients $a_{sym}(A)$ has been extracted by analysing the heavy nuclear mass differences reducing the uncertainties as far as possible in our previous work. Taking advantage of the obtained symmetry energy coefficient $a_{sym}(A)$ and the density profiles obtained by switching off the Coulomb interaction in $^{208}\\text{Pb}$, we calculated the slope parameter $L_{0.11}$ of the symmetry energy at the density of $0.11\\text{fm}^{-3}$. The calculated $L_{0.11}$ ranges from 40.5 MeV to 60.3 MeV. The slope parameter $L_{0.11}$ of the symmetry energy at the density of $0.11\\text{fm}^{-3}$ is also calculated directly with Skyrme interactions for nuclear matter and is found to have a fine linear relation with the neutron skin thickness of $^{208}\\text{Pb}$, which is the difference of the neutron and proton rms radii of the nucleus. With the linear relation the neutron skin thickness $ \\Delta R_{np} $ of $^{208}\\text{Pb}$ is predicted to be 0.15 - 0.21 fm.
Reaction and spectroscopic study of silica-supported molybdenum(IV) and tungsten(IV) dimers
Sullivan, D.L.; Roark, R.D.; Ekerdt, J.G. [Univ. of Texas, Austin, TX (United States); Deutsch, S.E.; Gates, B.C. [Univ. of California, Davis, CA (United States)
Cyclopentadienyl molybdenum di- and tricarbonyl dimer and cyclopentadienyl tungsten di- and tricarbonyl dimer complexes were added to silica as precursors to supported metal dimers. These complexes are shown to yield metal dimers following attachment to the silica and carbonyl ligand removal. Reductive carbonyl coupling of acetaldehyde and acetone was used as a molecular probe to determine whether dimers formed, with each metal atom being in the 4+ oxidation state. Acetaldehyde and acetone reductively coupled to produce cis- and trans-2-butenes and 2,3-dimethyl-2-butene, respectively. Diolates formed as intermediate products during the coupling reaction. Infrared bands were observed at 2969, 2925, and 2859 cm-1 that correspond to {nu}{sub asym}(CH{sub 3}), {nu}(CH), and {nu}{sub sym}(CH{sub 3}), respectively, for the 2,3-butanediolate formed from acetaldehyde. The hydrogens on the methyl groups for the acetone reductive coupling intermediate, 2,3-dimethyl-2,3-butanediolate, were not equivalent, resulting in the appearance of three C-H stretching frequencies at 2977, 2939, and 2891 cm{sup {minus}1} that are assigned to A{prime}{sub asym}, A{prime}, A{prime}{sub sym} of CH{sub 3}, respectively. Extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy was used to characterize a sample prepared from cyclopentadienyl tungsten dicarbonyl dimer on silica. 74 refs., 7 figs., 5 tabs.
Extraction of the symmetry energy coefficients from the masses differences of isobaric nuclei
Junlong Tian; Haitao Cui; Kuankuan Zheng; Ning Wang
The nuclear symmetry energy coefficients of finite nuclei are extracted by using the differences between the masses of isobaric nuclei. Based on the masses of more than 2400 nuclei with $A=9-270$, we investigate the model dependence in the extraction of symmetry energy coefficient. We find that the extraction of the symmetry energy coefficients is strongly correlated with the forms of the Coulomb energy and the mass dependence of the symmetry energy coefficient adopted. The values of the extracted symmetry energy coefficients increase by about 2 MeV for heavy nuclei when the Coulomb correction term is involved. We obtain the bulk symmetry energy coefficient $S_0=28.26\\pm1.3$ MeV and the surface-to-volume ratio $\\kappa=1.26\\pm 0.25 $ MeV if assuming the mass dependence of symmetry energy coefficient $a_{\\rm sym}(A)=S_0(1-\\kappa/A^{1/3})$, and $S_0=32.80\\pm1.7$ MeV, $\\kappa=2.82\\pm0.57$ MeV when $a_{\\rm sym}(A)=S_0 (1+\\kappa/A^{1/3})^{-1}$ is adopted.
Interpolating the Coulomb Phase of Little String Theory
Ying-Hsuan Lin; Shu-Heng Shao; Yifan Wang; Xi Yin
We study up to 8-derivative terms in the Coulomb branch effective action of (1,1) little string theory, by collecting results of 4-gluon scattering amplitudes from both perturbative 6D super-Yang-Mills theory up to 4-loop order, and tree-level double scaled little string theory (DSLST). In previous work we have matched the 6-derivative term from the 6D gauge theory to DSLST, indicating that this term is protected on the entire Coulomb branch. The 8-derivative term, on the other hand, is unprotected. In this paper we compute the 8-derivative term by interpolating from the two limits, near the origin and near the infinity on the Coulomb branch, numerically from SU(k) SYM and DSLST respectively, for k=2,3,4,5. We discuss the implication of this result on the UV completion of 6D SYM as well as the strong coupling completion of DSLST. We also comment on analogous interpolating functions in the Coulomb phase of circle-compactified (2,0) little string theory.
Fuzzy bags, Polyakov loop and gauge/string duality
Fen Zuo
Confinement in SU($N$) gauge theory is due to the linear potential between colored objects. At short distances, the linear contribution could be considered as the quadratic correction to the leading Coulomb term. Recent lattice data show that such quadratic corrections also appear in the deconfined phase, in both the thermal quantities and the Polyakov loop. These contributions are studied systematically employing the gauge/string duality. "Confinement" in ${\\mathcal N}=4$ SU($N$) Super Yang-Mills (SYM) theory could be achieved kinematically when the theory is defined on a compact space manifold. In the large-$N$ limit, deconfinement of ${\\mathcal N}=4$ SYM on $\\mathbb{S}^3$ at strong coupling is dual to the Hawking-Page phase transition in the global Anti-de Sitter spacetime. Meantime, all the thermal quantities and the Polyakov loop achieve significant quadratic contributions. Similar results can also be obtained at weak coupling. However, when confinement is induced dynamically through the local dilaton field in the gravity-dilaton system, these contributions can not be generated consistently. This is in accordance with the fact that there is no dimension-2 gauge-invariant operator in the boundary gauge theory. Based on these results, we suspect that quadratic corrections, and also confinement, should be due to global or non-local effects in the bulk spacetime.
Spin Matrix Theory: A quantum mechanical model of the AdS/CFT correspondence
Troels Harmark; Marta Orselli
We introduce a new quantum mechanical theory called Spin Matrix theory (SMT). The theory is interacting with a single coupling constant g and is based on a Hilbert space of harmonic oscillators with a spin index taking values in a Lie (super)algebra representation as well as matrix indices for the adjoint representation of U(N). We show that SMT describes N=4 super-Yang-Mills theory (SYM) near zero-temperature critical points in the grand canonical phase diagram. Equivalently, SMT arises from non-relativistic limits of N=4 SYM. Even though SMT is a non-relativistic quantum mechanical theory it contains a variety of phases mimicking the AdS/CFT correspondence. Moreover, the infinite g limit of SMT can be mapped to the supersymmetric sector of string theory on AdS_5 x S^5. We study SU(2) SMT in detail. At large N and low temperatures it is a theory of spin chains that for small g resembles planar gauge theory and for large g a non-relativistic string theory. When raising the temperature a partial deconfinement transition occurs due to finite-N effects. For sufficiently high temperatures the partially deconfined phase has a classical regime. We find a matrix model description of this regime at any coupling g. Setting g=0 it is a theory of N^2+1 harmonic oscillators while for large g it becomes 2N harmonic oscillators.
Electronic structure of the dioxygen to transition metal bond: generalized molecular orbital calculations on models of manganese, iron, and cobalt porphyrins
Newton, James Edward
are reported for FeP where P = porphinato(2-) ~ (NH2)4 , (NHCH2)4 , (N4C2H10) , (N4CBH6) and for Fe(02)PL where P = porphi nato(2-), (NH2)4 , (N4C2H6) and L = imidazole, NH3. The MO calculations indicate that (N4C2H6) is a better model for the porphyri n... ring in metal-dioxygen porphyrin complexes than the model (NH ) . This model was employed in generalized molecular orbital-confi guration interaction calculations of Fe(02)P(NH3), Co(02)P(NH3), and Mn(02)P where P = (N4C2H6) The ozone...
Synthesis and processing of nanostructured materials
Siegel, R.W.
Significant and growing interest is being exhibited in the novel and enhanced properties of nanostructured materials. These materials, with their constituent phase or grain structures modulated on a length scale less than 100 nm, are artificially synthesized by a wide variety of physical, chemical, and mechanical methods. In this NATO Advanced Study Institute, where mechanical behavior is emphasized, nanostructured materials with modulation dimensionalities from one (multilayers) to three (nanophase materials) are mainly considered. No attempt is made in this review to cover in detail all of the diverse methods available for the synthesis of nanostructured materials. Rather, the basic principles involved in their synthesis are discussed in terms of the special properties sought using examples of particular synthesis and processing methodologies. Some examples of the property changes that can result from one of these methods, cluster assembly of nanophase materials, are presented.
Development of a Low-Cost, Durable Membrane and MEA for Stationary and Mobile Fuel Cell Applications
Michel Foure, Scott Gaboury, Jim Goldbach, David Mountz and Jung Yi (no longer with company)
The development of low cost, durable membranes and membranes electrode assemblies (MEAs) remain a critical challenge for the successful introduction of fuel cells into mass markets. It was the goal of the team lead by Arkema, Inc. (formerly Atofina, Inc.) to address these shortages. Thus, this project addresses the following technical barriers from the Fuel Cells section of the Hydrogen Fuel Cells and Infrastructure Technologies Program Multi-Year Research, Development and Demonstration Plan: (A) Durability (B) Cost ArkemaÆs approach consisted in using blends of polyvinylidenefluoride (PVDF) and proprietary sulfonated polyelectrolytes. The strength and originality of ArkemaÆs approach lies in the decoupling of ion conductivity from the other requirements. Kynar« (Arkema trade name for PVDF) provides an exceptional combination of properties that make it ideally suited for a membrane matrix. In a first phase, Arkema demonstrated the feasibility of the concept with the M31 membrane generation. After MEA optimization, it was shown that the beginning-of-life (BOL) performance of M31 MEAs was essentially on a par with that of PFSA MEAs at 60║C under fully humidified conditions. On the other hand, long-term durability studies showed a high decay rate of 45ĄV/h over a 2100 hr. test. Arkema then designed several families of polyelectrolyte candidates, which ¢ in principle ¢ could not undergo the same failure mechanisms. A new membrane candidate was developed: M41. It offered the same generally good mechanical, ex-situ conductivity and gas barrier properties as M31. In addition, ex-situ accelerated testing suggested a several orders of magnitude improvement in chemical stability. M41 based MEAs showed comparable BOL performance with that of PFSA (80║C, 100% RH). M41 MEAs were further shown to be able to withstand several hours temperature excursions at 120║C without apparent damage. Accelerated studies were carried out using the DOE and/or US Fuel Cell Council protocols. M41 MEAs shown sizeable advantages over PFSA MEAs in the Open Circuit Voltage Hold test, Relative Humidity Cycling test and the Voltage Cycling test. The main known limitation of the M41 family is its ability to function well at low RH.
Mason, R. E. [Gemini Observatory, Northern Operations Center, 670 N. A'ohoku Place, Hilo, HI 96720 (United States); Lopez-Rodriguez, E.; Packham, C. [Department of Astronomy, University of Florida, 211 Bryant Space Science Center, P.O. Box 112055, Gainesville, FL 32611 (United States); Alonso-Herrero, A. [Instituto de Fisica de Cantabria, CSIC-UC, Avenida de los Castros s/n, 39005 Santander (Spain); Levenson, N. A.; Radomski, J. [Gemini Observatory, Southern Operations Center, c/o AURA, Casilla 603, La Serena (Chile); Ramos Almeida, C. [Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias, C/Via Lactea, s/n, E-38205, La Laguna, Tenerife (Spain); Colina, L. [Departamento de Astrofisica, Centro de Astrobiologia (CSIC/INTA), Instituto Nacional de Tecnica Aeroespacial, Crta de Torrejon a Ajalvir, km 4, 28850 Torrejon de Ardoz, Madrid (Spain); Elitzur, M. [Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506 (United States); Aretxaga, I. [Instituto Nacional de Astrofisica, Optica y Electronica (INAOE), Aptdo. Postal 51 y 216, 72000 Puebla (Mexico); Roche, P. F. [Astrophysics, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, DWB, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH (United Kingdom); Oi, N. [Department of Astronomy, School of Science, Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588 (Japan)
We present high-resolution mid-infrared (MIR) imaging, nuclear spectral energy distributions (SEDs), and archival Spitzer spectra for 22 low-luminosity active galactic nuclei (LLAGNs; L{sub bol} {approx}< 10{sup 42} erg s{sup -1}). Infrared (IR) observations may advance our understanding of the accretion flows in LLAGNs, the fate of the obscuring torus at low accretion rates, and, perhaps, the star formation histories of these objects. However, while comprehensively studied in higher-luminosity Seyferts and quasars, the nuclear IR properties of LLAGNs have not yet been well determined. We separate the present LLAGN sample into three categories depending on their Eddington ratio and radio emission, finding different IR characteristics for each class. (1) At the low-luminosity, low-Eddington-ratio (log L{sub bol}/L{sub Edd} < -4.6) end of the sample, we identify 'host-dominated' galaxies with strong polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon bands that may indicate active (circum-)nuclear star formation. (2) Some very radio-loud objects are also present at these low Eddington ratios. The IR emission in these nuclei is dominated by synchrotron radiation, and some are likely to be unobscured type 2 AGNs that genuinely lack a broad-line region. (3) At higher Eddington ratios, strong, compact nuclear sources are visible in the MIR images. The nuclear SEDs of these galaxies are diverse; some resemble typical Seyfert nuclei, while others lack a well-defined MIR 'dust bump'. Strong silicate emission is present in many of these objects. We speculate that this, together with high ratios of silicate strength to hydrogen column density, could suggest optically thin dust and low dust-to-gas ratios, in accordance with model predictions that LLAGNs do not host a Seyfert-like obscuring torus. We anticipate that detailed modeling of the new data and SEDs in terms of accretion disk, jet, radiatively inefficient accretion flow, and torus components will provide further insights into the nuclear structures and processes of LLAGNs.
Chandra Observations of Associates of $?$ Car: I. Luminosities
Nancy Remage Evans; Frederick D. Seward; Miriam I. Krauss; Takashi Isobe; Joy Nichols; Eric M. Schlegel; Scott J. Wolk
The region around the $\\eta$ Car nebula has three OB associations, which contain a Wolf-Rayet star and several massive O3 stars. An early Chandra ACIS-I image was centered on $\\eta$ Car and includes Trumpler 16 and part of Trumpler 14. The Chandra image confirms the well-known result that O and very early B stars are X-ray sources with L$_X$ $\\simeq$ 10$^{-7} \\times$ L$_{bol}$ over an X-ray luminosity range of about 100. Two new anomalously strong X-ray sources have been found among the hot star population, Tr 16-244, a heavily-reddened O3 I star, and Tr 16-22, a heavily-reddened O8.5 V star. Two stars have an unusually large L$_X$/L$_{bol}$: HD 93162, a Wolf-Rayet star (and possible binary), and Tr 16-22, a possible colliding wind binary In addition, a population of sources associated with cool stars is detected. In the color-magnitude diagram, these X-ray sources sit above the sequence of field stars in the Carina arm. The OB stars are on average more X-ray luminous than the cool star X-ray sources. X-ray sources among A stars have similar X-ray luminosities to cooler stars, and may be due to cooler companions. Upper limits are presented for B stars which are not detected in X-rays. These upper limits are also the upper limits for any cool companions which the hot stars may have. Hardness ratios are presented for the most luminous sources in bands 0.5 to 0.9 keV, 0.9 to 1.5 keV, and 1.5 to 2.04 kev. The available information on the binary nature of the hot stars is discussed, but binarity does not correlate with X-ray strength in a simple way.
Xu Jun; Chen Liewen; Ma Hongru [Institute of Theoretical Physics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240 (China); Li Baoan [Department of Physics, Texas A and M University-Commerce, Commerce, TX 75429-3011 (United States)], E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com, E-mail: email@example.com, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com, E-mail: email@example.com
The transition density {rho} {sub t} and pressure P{sub t} at the inner edge separating the liquid core from the solid crust of neutron stars are systematically studied using a modified Gogny (MDI) and 51 popular Skyrme interactions within well established dynamical and thermodynamical methods. First of all, it is shown that the widely used parabolic approximation to the full equation of state (EOS) of isospin asymmetric nuclear matter may lead to huge errors in estimating the transition density and pressure, especially for stiffer symmetry energy functionals E {sub sym}({rho}), compared to calculations using the full EOS within both the dynamical and thermodynamical methods mainly because of the energy curvatures involved. Thus, fine details of the EOS of asymmetric nuclear matter are important for locating accurately the inner edge of the neutron star crust. Second, the transition density and pressure decrease roughly linearly with increasing slope parameter L of E {sub sym}({rho}) at normal nuclear matter density using the full EOS within both the dynamical and thermodynamical methods. It is also shown that the thickness, fractional mass, and moment of inertia of the neutron star crust are all very sensitive to the parameter L through the transition density {rho} {sub t} whether one uses the full EOS or its parabolic approximation. Moreover, it is shown that E {sub sym}({rho}) constrained in the same subsaturation density range as the neutron star crust by the isospin diffusion data in heavy-ion collisions at intermediate energies limits the transition density and pressure to 0.040 fm{sup -3} {<=}{rho} {sub t} {<=} 0.065 fm{sup -3} and 0.01 MeV fm{sup -3} {<=}P{sub t} {<=} 0.26 MeV fm{sup -3}, respectively. These constrained values for the transition density and pressure are significantly lower than their fiducial values currently used in the literature. Furthermore, the mass-radius relation and several other properties closely related to the neutron star crust are studied by using the MDI interaction. It is found that the newly constrained {rho} {sub t} and P{sub t} together with the earlier estimate of {delta}I/I>0.014 for the crustal fraction of the moment of inertia of the Vela pulsar impose a more stringent constraint of R {>=} 4.7 + 4.0M/M {sub sun} km for the radius R and mass M of neutron stars compared to previous studies in the literature.
Kostas Skenderis; Marika Taylor
We present a comprehensive analysis of holography for the bubbling solutions of Lin-Lunin-Maldacena. These solutions are uniquely determined by a coloring of a 2-plane, which was argued to correspond to the phase space of free fermions. We show that in general this phase space distribution does not determine fully the 1/2 BPS state of N=4 SYM that the gravitational solution is dual to, but it does determine it enough so that vevs of all single trace 1/2 BPS operators in that state are uniquely determined to leading order in the large N limit. These are precisely the vevs encoded in the asymptotics of the LLM solutions. We extract these vevs for operators up to dimension 4 using holographic renormalization and KK holography and show exact agreement with the field theory expressions.
On The Strong-Coupling Spectrum of Pure SU(3) Seiberg-Witten Theory
Brett J. Taylor
We consider the two complex dimensional moduli space of supersymmetric vacua for low energy effective N=2 SYM with gauge group SU(3). We describe, at the topological level, a consistent model of how the relevant curves of marginal stability (CMS) intertwine with the branch cuts to partition the moduli space into pieces carrying different BPS spectra. At strong coupling we find connected cores which carry a smaller BPS spectrum than that at weak coupling. At the strongest coupling we find double cores which carry a finite BPS spectrum. These include not only states one can deduce from the monodromy group, but three states, bounded away from weak coupling, each of which we interpret as a bound state of two BPS gauge bosons. We find new BPS states at weak coupling corresponding to a excitations of a state with magnetic charge a simple co-root, with respect to the other simple root direction.
The N=4 Superconformal Bootstrap
Christopher Beem; Leonardo Rastelli; Balt C. van Rees
We implement the conformal bootstrap for N=4 superconformal field theories in four dimensions. Consistency of the four-point function of the stress-energy tensor multiplet imposes significant upper bounds for the scaling dimensions of unprotected local operators as functions of the central charge of the theory. At the threshold of exclusion, a particular operator spectrum appears to be singled out by the bootstrap constraints. For large values of the central charge, this extremal spectrum is compatible with that of supergravity in AdS_5 x S^5. For finite central charge, we conjecture that the extremal spectrum is that of N=4 SYM at an S-duality invariant value of the complexified gauge coupling.
Quantum strings in AdS5 x S5 and AdS/CFT duality
A. A. Tseytlin
We review some recent progress in understanding the spectrum of energies/dimensions of strings/operators in AdS5 x S5 -- planar N=4 super Yang-Mills correspondence. We consider leading strong coupling corrections to the energy of lightest massive string modes in AdS5 x S5, which should be dual to members of the Konishi operator multiplet in the SYM theory. This determines the general structure of strong-coupling expansion of the anomalous dimension of the Konishi operator. Following arXiv:0906.4294 we use 1-loop results for semiclassical string states to extract information about the leading coefficients in this expansion.
The 1/N correction in the D3-brane description of circular Wilson loop at strong coupling
E. I. Buchbinder; A. A. Tseytlin
We compute the one-loop correction to the probe D3-brane action in AdS5 x S5 expanded around the classical Drukker-Fiol solution ending on a circle at the boundary. It is given essentially by the logarithm of the one-loop partition function of an Abelian ${\\cal N}=4$ vector multiplet in AdS2 x S2 geometry. This one-loop correction is expected to describe the subleading 1/N term in the expectation value of circular Wilson loop in the totally symmetric rank k representation in SU(N) SYM theory at strong coupling. In the limit k << N when the circular Wilson loop expectation values for the symmetric representation and for the product of k fundamental representations are expected to match we find that this one-loop D3-brane correction agrees with the gauge theory result for the k-fundamental case.
Shear viscosity of the gluon plasma in the stochastic-vacuum approach
Dmitri Antonov
Shear viscosity of the gluon plasma in SU(3) YM theory is calculated nonperturbatively, within the stochastic vacuum model. The result for the ratio of the shear viscosity to the entropy density, proportional to the squared chromo-magnetic gluon condensate and the fifth power of the correlation length of the chromo-magnetic vacuum, falls off with the increase of temperature. At temperatures larger than the deconfinement critical temperature by a factor of 2, this fall-off is determined by the sixth power of the temperature-dependent strong-coupling constant and yields an asymptotic approach to the conjectured lower bound of 1/(4\\pi), achievable in {\\cal N}=4 SYM theory. As a by-product of the calculation, we find a particular form of the two-point correlation function of gluonic field strengths, which is the only one consistent with the Lorentzian shape of the shear-viscosity spectral function.
Testing the AdS/CFT Correspondence
Klebanov, Igor R. [Joseph Henry Laboratories and Princeton Center for Theoretical Science, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544 (United States)
This lecture begins with some history and basic facts about string theory and its connections with strong interactions. Comparisons of stacks of Dirichlet branes with curved backgrounds produced by them are used to motivate the AdS/CFT correspondence between superconformal gauge theory and string theory on a product of Anti-de Sitter space and a compact manifold. The ensuing duality between semi-classical spinning strings and long gauge theory operators is briefly reviewed. We go on to describe a recent test of the AdS/CFT correspondence using the Wilson loop cusp anomaly as a function of the coupling, which also enters dimensions of high-spin operators. Finally, strongly coupled thermal SYM theory is explored via a black hole in 5-dimensional AdS space, which leads to explicit results for its entropy and shear viscosity.
Flavoured Large N Gauge Theory on a Compact Space with an External Magnetic Field
Veselin G. Filev; Matthias Ihl
The phase structure of flavoured N=2 SYM on a three sphere in an external magnetic field is studied. The pairing effect of the magnetic field competes with the dissociating effect of the Casimir free energy, leading to an interesting phase structure of confined and deconfined phases separated by a critical curve of a first order quantum phase transition. At vanishing magnetic field the phase transition is of a third order. For sufficiently strong magnetic field, the only stable phase is the confined phase and magnetic catalysis of chiral symmetry breaking is realized. The meson spectra of the theory exhibit Zeeman splitting and level crossing and feature a finite jump at the phase transition between the confined and deconfined phases. At strong magnetic field the ground state has a massless mode corresponding to the Goldstone boson associated with the spontaneously broken U(1) R-symmetry analogous to the eta' meson in QCD.
Traka yon kretyen pandan vwayaj li : adaptasyon liv ōPilgrimÆs Progress" / John Bunyan
Paultre, Carrie?; Bunyan, John; Ross, Jim D.; Freeman, Bryant C.
nan syM la. ╗4 Li fe lekti yon I6t pasaj nan Bib la: ½Moun mwen fe gras la ap viv, paske li gen konfyans nan mwen. Men, si 1 vire do 1 tounen fe bak, li p ap fe ke m kontan. ╗5 Levanjil esplike Kretyen paw6l la konsa: ½Men sa ki rive, ou te kite... rekonpans li nan lemonn ki ap vini an.╗ 27 Entepret: ½Ougenrezon. Bagay nou wb ak je p ap dire non. Se sa je pa we ki etenŻl.╗4 Le sa a nan rev la, mwen wb EntŻprŻt pran men Kretyen epi 1 mennen 1 devan yon mi, kote ki te gen yon gwo dife k ap boule...
X-ray Emission from the Weak-lined T Tauri Binary System KH 15D
William Herbst; Edward C. Moran
The unique eclipsing, weak-lined T Tauri star KH 15D has been detected as an X-ray source in a 95.7 ks exposure from the Chandra X-ray Observatory archives. A maximum X-ray luminosity of 1.5 x 10^{29} erg s$^{-1}$ is derived in the 0.5--8 keV band, corresponding to L_{X}/L_bol = 7.5 x 10^{-5}. Comparison with samples of stars of similar effective temperature in NGC 2264 and in the Orion Nebula Cluster shows that this is about an order of magnitude low for a typical star of its mass and age. We argue that the relatively low luminosity cannot be attributed to absorption along the line of sight but implies a real deficiency in X-ray production. Possible causes for this are considered in the context of a recently proposed eccentric binary model for KH 15D. In particular, we note that the visible component rotates rather slowly for a weak-lined T Tauri star and has possibly been pseudosynchronized by tidal interaction with the primary near periastron.
Comparison of Reactivity Control Systems for the Submersion Subcritical Safe Space (S and 4) Reactor
Schriener, Timothy M.; El-Genk, Mohamed S. [Institute for Space and Nuclear Power Studies and Chemical and Nuclear Engineering Dept., University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 (United States)
This paper compares the effectiveness of two control mechanisms for the S and 4 reactor, namely: (a) rotating BeO drums with 120 deg. thin segments of enriched B{sub 4}C in the radial reflector; and (b) sliding windows in the radial reflector. Investigated are the effects of using these control mechanisms on the differential reactor control worth, power generation profiles, and spatial neutrons flux distributions is the S and 4 reactor. For both control mechanism, the radial reflector has the same dimensions and volume. Results show that the difference in reactor performance with the two control mechanisms is small. The sliding reflector configuration features slightly lower mass and power peaking, and relatively more even fission power profiles in the core. The differential control worth for the sliding reflector segments is almost constant compared to that using rotating control drums, potentially simplifying the reactor control operation. The presence of a strong neutron absorber in the rotating drums slightly decreases the amount of excess reactivity at BOL compared with the sliding reflector configuration. However, the higher rate of reactivity depletion in the S and 4 reactor with the latter may negate this advantage.
The Herschel first look at protostars in the Aquila Rift
Bontemps, S; Konyves, V; Men'shchikov, A; Schneider, N; Maury, A; Peretto, N; Arzoumanian, D; Attard, M; Motte, F; Minier, V; Didelon, P; Saraceno, P; Abergel, A; Baluteau, J -P; Bernard, J -Ph; Cambresy, L; Cox, P; Di Francesco, J; Di Giorgo, A M; Griffin, M; Hargrave, P; Huang, M; Kirk, J; Li, J; Martin, P; Merin, B; Molinari, S; Olofsson, G; Pezzuto, S; Prusti, T; Roussel, H; Russeil, D; Sauvage, M; Sibthorpe, B; Spinoglio, L; Testi, L; Vavrek, R; Ward-Thompson, D; White, G; Wilson, C; Woodcraft, A; Zavagno, A
As part of the science demonstration phase of the Herschel mission of the Gould Belt Key Program, the Aquila Rift molecular complex has been observed. The complete ~ 3.3deg x 3.3deg imaging with SPIRE 250/350/500 micron and PACS 70/160 micron allows a deep investigation of embedded protostellar phases, probing of the dust emission from warm inner regions at 70 and 160 micron to the bulk of the cold envelopes between 250 and 500 micron. We used a systematic detection technique operating simultaneously on all Herschel bands to build a sample of protostars. Spectral energy distributions are derived to measure luminosities and envelope masses, and to place the protostars in an M_env - L_bol evolutionary diagram. The spatial distribution of protostars indicates three star-forming sites in Aquila, with W40/Sh2-64 HII region by far the richest. Most of the detected protostars are newly discovered. For a reduced area around the Serpens South cluster, we could compare the Herschel census of protostars with Spitzer res...
Spitzer Detection of PAH and Silicate Dust Features in the Mid-Infrared Spectra of z~2 Ultraluminous Infrared Galaxies
Lin Yan; R. Chary; L. Armus; H. Teplitz; G. Helou; D. Frayer; D. Fadda; J. Surace; P. Choi
We report the initial results from a Spitzer GO-1 program to obtain low resolution, mid-infrared spectra of infrared luminous galaxies at z~1-2. This paper presents the spectra of eight sources observed with the Spitzer InfraRed Spectrograph (IRS). Of the eight spectra, six have mid-IR spectral features, either emission from Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAH) or silicate absorption. Based on these mid-IR features, the inferred six redshifts are in the range of 1.8-2.6. The remaining two spectra detect only strong continua, thus do not yield redshift information. Strong, multiple PAH emission features are detected in two sources, and weak PAH emission in another two. These data provide direct evidence that PAH molecules are present and directly observable in ULIRGs at z~2. The six sources with measured redshifts are dusty, infrared luminous galaxies at z~2 with estimated $L_{bol} \\sim 10^{13}L_\\odot$. Of the eight sources, two appear starburst dominated; two with only power law continua are probably type I QSOs; and the remaining four are likely composite systems containing a buried AGN and a starburst component. Since half of our sample are optically faint sources with R>25.5mag (Vega), our results demonstrate the potential of using mid-infrared spectroscopy, especially the Aromatic and silicate features produced by dust grains to directly probe optically faint and infrared luminous populations at high redshift.
First 450-micron dust continuum mapping of the massive star-forming region NGC 3576 with the P-ArTeMiS bolometer camera
P. Andrķ; V. Minier; P. Gallais; V. Reveret; J. Le Pennec; L. Rodriguez; O. Boulade; E. Doumayrou; D. Dubreuil; M. Lortholary; J. Martignac; M. Talvard; C. De Breuck; G. Hamon; N. Schneider; S. Bontemps; P. O. Lagage; E. Pantin; H. Roussel; M. Miller; C. R. Purcell; T. Hill; J. Stutzki
Context: The earliest phases of massive star formation are currently much debated. Aims. In an effort to make progress, we took a census of Class0-like protostellar dense cores in the NGC 3576 region, one of the nearest and most luminous embedded sites of high-mass star formation in the Galaxy. Methods: We used the P-ArTeMiS bolometer camera on the APEX telescope to produce the first 450-micron dust continuum map of the filamentary dense clump associated with NGC 3576. Results: Combining our 450-micron observations with existing data at other wavelengths, we have identified seven massive protostellar sources along the NGC 3576 filament and placed them in the M_env - L_bol evolutionary diagram for protostars. Conclusions: Comparison with theoretical evolutionary tracks suggests that these seven protostellar sources will evolve into massive stars with masses M* ~ 15-50 Msun. Four sources are classified as candidate high-mass Class 0 objects, two sources as massive Class I objects, and one source appears to be at an intermediate stage.
Comparison of SERPENT and CASMO-5M for pressurized water reactors models
Hursin, M.; Vasiliev, A.; Ferroukhi, H.; Pautz, A. [Paul Scherrer Institut, Nukleare Energie und Sicherheit PSI, Villigen, 5232 (Switzerland)
The objective of this work is to perform a preliminary assessment of the capability of SERPENT to generate cross sections for a PWR Beginning-of-Life (BOL) isothermal mini-core by comparing a SERPENT/PARCS solution with the results obtained using a CASMO-5M/PARCS approach. The PARCS code is used instead of the usual SIMULATE-3 to analyze the Swiss Reactors, because interfaces with PARCS already exist to obtain neutronic data from SERPENT. For the PWR configurations, the differences between CASMO-5M and SERPENT solutions are within 200 pcm at the assembly level and thus rather small when considering the deterministic transport method (energy/angular/space discretization) in CASMO-5M versus the stochastic treatment of SERPENT, the statistical uncertainties in the Monte-Carlo approach as well as the eventual differences in nuclear data used by both codes. At the 2D mini-core level, no major difference is observed when comparing PARCS run with CASMO-5M versus SERPENT cross sections. For the generation of kinetic parameters, non trivial differences are observed due both to the methods and the data used. For the relatively limited number of configurations considered, it is hard to make any definitive statement on the benefits of using Monte Carlo codes in terms of nuclear data generation. (authors)
A Simple test for the existence of two accretion modes in active galactic nuclei
Jester, Sebastian; /Fermilab
By analogy to the different accretion states observed in black-hole X-ray binaries (BHXBs), it appears plausible that accretion disks in active galactic nuclei (AGN) undergo a state transition between a radiatively efficient and inefficient accretion flow. If the radiative efficiency changes at some critical accretion rate, there will be a change in the distribution of black hole masses and bolometric luminosities at the corresponding transition luminosity. To test this prediction, the author considers the joint distribution of AGN black hole masses and bolometric luminosities for a sample taken from the literature. The small number of objects with low Eddington-scaled accretion rates m < 0.01 and black hole masses M{sub BH} < 10{sup 9} M{sub {circle_dot}} constitutes tentative evidence for the existence of such a transition in AGN. Selection effects, in particular those associated with flux-limited samples, systematically exclude objects in particular regions of the (M{sub BH}, L{sub bol}) plane. Therefore, they require particular attention in the analysis of distributions of black hole mass, bolometric luminosity, and derived quantities like the accretion rate. The author suggests further observational tests of the BHXB-AGN unification scheme which are based on the jet domination of the energy output of BHXBs in the hard state, and on the possible equivalence of BHXB in the very high (or steep power-law) state showing ejections and efficiently accreting quasars and radio galaxies with powerful radio jets.
Near-Infrared Adaptive Optics Imaging of the Central Regions of Nearby Sc Galaxies: I. M33
T. J. Davidge
Near-infrared images obtained with the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope (CFHT) Adaptive Optics Bonnette (AOB) are used to investigate the stellar content within 18 arcsec of the center of the Local Group spiral galaxy M33. AGB stars with near-infrared spectral-energy distributions similar to those of giants in the solar neighborhood and Baade's Window are detected over most of the field. The bolometric luminosity function (LF) of these stars has a discontinuity near M_{bol} = -5.25, and comparisons with evolutionary tracks suggest that most of the AGB stars formed in a burst of star formation 1 - 3 Gyr in the past. The images are also used to investigate the integrated near-infrared photometric properties of the nucleus and the central light concentration. The nucleus is bluer than the central light concentration, in agreement with previous studies at visible wavelengths. The CO index of the central light concentration 0.5 arcsec from the galaxy center is 0.05, which corresponds to [Fe/H] = -1.2 for simple stellar systems. Hence, the central light concentration could not have formed from the chemically-enriched material that dominates the present-day inner disk of M33.
V and I Photometry of Bright Giants in the Central Regions of NGC 147
T. J. Davidge
Deep V and I CCD images with sub-arcsec spatial resolution are used to investigate the stellar content of the central regions of the Local Group dwarf elliptical galaxy NGC147. Red giant branch (RGB) stars are resolved over the entire field, and the RGB-tip occurs at I ~ 20.5, suggesting that the distance modulus is 24.3. A comparison with globular cluster sequences indicates that the center of NGC147 is moderately metal-poor, with [Fe/H] ~ -1. This is not significantly different from what was found in the outer regions of the galaxy by Mould, Kristian & Da Costa (1983, ApJ, 270, 471). Moreover, the width of the V-I color distribution at I = 21.0 indicates that a spread in metallicity is present, with sigma[Fe/H] ~ +/- 0.3. There is no evidence of a component more metal-poor than [Fe/H] ~ -1.3. A small population of moderately bright asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars has also been detected, and the AGB-tip occurs near M{bol} ~ -5.0, indicating that an intermediate-age population is present. It is estimated that the intermediate-age population contributes ~ 2-3% of the V light from NGC147.
Microstructural evolution of U(Mo)¢Al(Si) dispersion fuel under irradiation ¢ Destructive analyses of the LEONIDAS E-FUTURE plates
A. Leenaers; S. Van den Berghe; J. Van Eyken; E. Koonen; F. Charollais; P. Lemoine; Y. Calzavara; H. Guyon; C. Jarousse; D. Geslin; D. Wachs; D. Keiser; A. Robinson; G. Hofman; Y. S. Kim
Several irradiation experiments have confirmed the positive effect of adding Si to the matrix of an U(Mo) dispersion fuel plate on its in-pile irradiation behavior. E-FUTURE, the first experiment of the LEONIDAS program, was performed to select an optimum Si concentration and fuel plate heat treatment parameters for further qualification. It consisted of the irradiation of 4 distinct (regarding Si content and heat treatments), full size flat fuel plates in the BR2 reactor under bounding conditions (470 W/cm2 peak BOL power, approximately 70% peak burn-up). After the irradiation, the E-FUTURE plates were examined non-destructively and found to have pillowed in the highest burn-up positions. The destructive post-irradiation examination confirmed that the fuel evolves in a stable way up to a burn-up of 60%235U. Even in the deformed area (pillow) the U(Mo) fuel itself shows stable behavior and remaining matrix material was present. From the calculation of the volume fractions, the positive effect of a higher Si amount added to the matrix and the higher annealing temperature can be derived.
A Very Low-Luminosity, Very Cool, DC White Dwarf
Hugh Harris; Conard Dahn; Frederick Vrba; Arne Henden; James Liebert; Gary Schmidt; Neill Reid
The star LHS 3250 is found to be a white dwarf at a distance of 30 pc. Its absolute magnitudes (M_V = 15.72; M_bol = 16.2) put it among the least-luminous white dwarfs known. Its optical spectrum shows no features, indicating it has a DC classification, and it shows no detectable polarization, indicating it does not have a very strong magnetic field. However, its broadband colors show it to have a unique spectral energy distribution, and it stands out from all other stars in BVI and other broadband photometric surveys. We discuss these properties, and conclude that LHS 3250 must be an extremely cool white dwarf with strong collision-induced absorption at red-infrared wavelengths from molecular hydrogen, in accord with models for very cool white dwarf atmospheres. If so, it is the first such star known, and the first star to provide observational evidence supporting these models. It suggests that other very cool white dwarfs, both halo white dwarfs and the oldest disk white dwarfs, also may have colors affected by similar absorption. The atmospheric composition of LHS 3250 is not known, and therefore its temperature is poorly determined. It may be a helium-core star with a mass 0.3-0.45 M_solar and a product of mass-transfer in a close binary system. However, until its temperature is better known, its mass and age remain uncertain.
A good mass proxy for galaxy clusters with XMM-Newton
Zhao, Hai-Hui; Jia, Shu-Mei; Chen, Yong; Li, Cheng-Kui; Song, Li-Ming; Xie, Fei, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049 (China)
We use a sample of 39 galaxy clusters at redshift z < 0.1 observed by XMM-Newton to investigate the relations between X-ray observables and total mass. Based on central cooling time and central temperature drop, the clusters in this sample are divided into two groups: 25 cool core clusters and 14 non-cool core clusters, respectively. We study the scaling relations of L {sub bol}-M {sub 500}, M {sub 500}-T, M {sub 500}-M {sub g}, and M {sub 500}-Y {sub X}, and also the influences of cool core on these relations. The results show that the M {sub 500}-Y {sub X} relation has a slope close to the standard self-similar value, has the smallest scatter and does not vary with the cluster sample. Moreover, the M {sub 500}-Y {sub X} relation is not affected by the cool core. Thus, the parameter of Y{sub X} may be the best mass indicator.
A look behind the arms control agenda at the US-Russian and Sino-US summits
When President Bill Clinton met in New York with Russian President Boris Yeltsin on October 23 and Chinese President Jiang Zemin the following day, the leaders discussed a broad spectrum of arms control issues-including START II ratification, limits on Russian conventional weapons in the Caucasus, the nuclear test ban treaty, nuclear exports to Iran and NATO expansion. The crisis in Bosnia, however, dominated the administration`s pre- and post-summit briefings as well as the media`s coverage of the meetings. On October 20, the Arms Control Association (ACA) held a news conference to highlight the key arms control issues involved in the two sets of talks. Because these vital national security issues were virtually ignored by the press, the ACA press briefing remains the most comprehensive coverage of the full range of issues that were, in fact, addressed at the mini-summits. Panel speakers included Spurgeon M. Keeny, Jr., ACA president and executive director and former deputy director of the Arms Control and Disarmament Agency; Jack Mendelsohn, ACA deputy director and a former member of the US SALT II and START I delegations; Stanley Resor, ACA board chairman and former chief US delegate to the Mutual and Balanced Force Reduction talks, former defense undersecretary for policy and former secretary of the Army; and William Dircks, director of the Atlantic Council`s Program on Nuclear Policy and former deputy director general of the International Atomic Energy Agency. Extended excerpts from their remarks follow.
IEA Energy conservation in the iron and steel industry. [US and Western Europe
Tunnah, B.G.
The NATO Committee on the Challenges of Modern Society research program, under the auspices of the IEA, had the objectives of collecting data on material requirements and energy-consumption patterns in selected energy-intensive industries in the US and Western Europe, of identifying technologies and operating practices with the potential for energy conservation in those industries, and of recommending research projects that could lead to improved energy efficiency. The steel industry was selected for analysis and ideas for an international cooperative program were developed. Representatives from various countries conducted meetings and the form of an implementing agreement for a research and development program was finalized in December, 1980. The program includes three technical areas: hot-surface inspection, heat recovery, and coal gasification. Hot-surface inspection methods to be demonstrated are: optical, induction, electromagnetic ultrasonic, electromagnetic ultrasonic surface testing methods, and eddy current method for hot surface inspection and an infrared system (possibly). Three heat-recovery projects are: ceramic heat wheel development; demonstration of granular bed/heat pipe system for heat recovery; and demonstration of tubular ceramic recuperators. Processes in coal gasification are: converter process, gas treatment, and iron treatment. Each project is described in detail. (MCW)
Committee on the Challenges of Modern Society solar energy pilot study. First follow-up report, October 1979, pilot country: United States; co-pilot countries: Denmark and France. CCMS report No. 110
During 1973 to 1978, over twenty nations participated in the NATO/CCMS Solar Energy Pilot Study, whose objective was to promote and accelerate the use of solar heating and cooling of buildings. The activities in this information exchange included (1) the regular reporting of national solar heating and cooling programs, (2) the development of a format for reporting the performance of solar heating and cooling systems, (3) the exchange of system performance reports, (4) the establishment of two specialized working groups for solar-assisted low energy dwellings and passive solar applications. At the conclusion of the pilot study in 1978, the participants formulated recommendations for continued action at the international level, as well as for action at the national level. This report describes the progress made in implementing those recommendations. In addition to detailing the steps taken to continue collaboration in various efforts initiated within the Solar Energy Pilot Study, the report contains papers on the 1979 status of the solar heating and cooling programs in seventeen CCMS countries.
Strategic forces: Future requirements and options
Speed, R.D.
In the wake of the collapse of the Warsaw Pact and the apparent ending of the Cold War, there have been renewed calls for radical cuts in US strategic forces to levels far below the 10,000 or so warheads allowed each side under the current START proposal. Since it now appears that NATO for the first time will have the capability to defeat a Soviet conventional attack without the necessity of threatening to resort to nuclear weapons, this should pave the way for the rethinking of US strategy and the reduction of US strategic weapons requirements. In this new environment, it seems plausible that, with a modification of the Flexible Response doctrine to forego attempts to disarm the Soviet Union, deterrence could be maintained with 1500 or so survivable strategic weapons. With a new strategy that confined US strategic weapons to the role of deterring the use of nuclear weapons by other countries, a survivable force of about 500 weapons would seem sufficient. With this premise, the implications for the US strategic force structure are examined for two cases: a treaty that allows each side 3000 warheads and one that allows each side 1000 warheads. In Part 1 of this paper, the weapons requirements for deterrence are examined in light of recent changes in the geopolitical environment. In Part 2, it is assumed that the President and Congress have decided that deep cuts in strategic forces are acceptable. 128 refs., 12 figs., 12 tabs. (JF)
Design and implementation of a Synthetic Aperture Radar for Open Skies (SAROS) aboard a C-135 aircraft
Cooper, D.W.; Murphy, M. [Sandia National Labs., Albuquerque, NM (United States); Rimmel, G. [Loral Defense Systems, Litchfield, AZ (United States)
NATO and former Warsaw Pact nations have agreed to allow overflights of their countries in the interest of easing world tension. The United States has decided to implement two C-135 aircraft with a Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) that has a 3-meter resolution. This work is being sponsored by the Defense Nuclear Agency (DNA) and will be operational in Fall 1995. Since the SAR equipment must be exportable to foreign nations, a 20-year-old UPD-8 analog SAR system was selected as the front-end and refurbished for this application by Loral Defense Systems. Data processing is being upgraded to a currently exportable digital design by Sandia National Laboratories. Amplitude and phase histories will be collected during these overflights and digitized on VHS cassettes. Ground stations will use reduction algorithms to process the data and convert it to magnitude-detected images for member nations. System Planning Corporation is presently developing a portable ground station for use on the demonstration flights. Aircraft integration into the C-135 aircraft is being done by the Air Force at Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio.
Technical papers presented at the Defense Nuclear Agency Global Effects Review. Held at Moffett Field, California on 25-27 February 1986. Volume 1. Technical report, 25 February-12 May 1986
Not Available
Contents include: urban area analysis and smoke production; a critical examination of methods of estimating the spatial distribution and magnitudes of urban fuel loadings; estimates of total combustible material in NATO and Warsaw pact countries; smoke emission and properties; source-term research program at Sandia National Laboratories; measurements of the radiative properties of smoke emissions from vegetative fuels: relationship of this data to desired information on the properties of urban smoke emissions; wildland fires and nuclear-winters: selected reconstructions of historic large fires; progress in developing the smoke source term for nuclear winter studies: major uncertainties; supermicron wind suspended particles and firestorm plume coagulation; high-reliability fire-start mechanism; collision-formation kinetics and optical properties of sub-micrometer, post-detonation aerosols; radiative properties of dust for input to dust source terms for models of the global effects of a nuclear exchange; micro-analytical techniques for characterizing the optical properties of soil aerosols; overview of DNA's nuclear dust re-analysis program.
Development and Validation of a Lifecycle-based Prognostics Architecture with Test Bed Validation
Hines, J. Wesley; Upadhyaya, Belle; Sharp, Michael; Ramuhalli, Pradeep
On-line monitoring and tracking of nuclear plant system and component degradation is being investigated as a method for improving the safety, reliability, and maintainability of aging nuclear power plants. Accurate prediction of the current degradation state of system components and structures is important for accurate estimates of their remaining useful life (RUL). The correct quantification and propagation of both the measurement uncertainty and model uncertainty is necessary for quantifying the uncertainty of the RUL prediction. This research project developed and validated methods to perform RUL estimation throughout the lifecycle of plant components. Prognostic methods should seamlessly operate from beginning of component life (BOL) to end of component life (EOL). We term this "Lifecycle Prognostics." When a component is put into use, the only information available may be past failure times of similar components used in similar conditions, and the predicted failure distribution can be estimated with reliability methods such as Weibull Analysis (Type I Prognostics). As the component operates, it begins to degrade and consume its available life. This life consumption may be a function of system stresses, and the failure distribution should be updated to account for the system operational stress levels (Type II Prognostics). When degradation becomes apparent, this information can be used to again improve the RUL estimate (Type III Prognostics). This research focused on developing prognostics algorithms for the three types of prognostics, developing uncertainty quantification methods for each of the algorithms, and, most importantly, developing a framework using Bayesian methods to transition between prognostic model types and update failure distribution estimates as new information becomes available. The developed methods were then validated on a range of accelerated degradation test beds. The ultimate goal of prognostics is to provide an accurate assessment for RUL predictions, with as little uncertainty as possible. From a reliability and maintenance standpoint, there would be improved safety by avoiding all failures. Calculated risk would decrease, saving money by avoiding unnecessary maintenance. One major bottleneck for data-driven prognostics is the availability of run-to-failure degradation data. Without enough degradation data leading to failure, prognostic models can yield RUL distributions with large uncertainty or mathematically unsound predictions. To address these issues a "Lifecycle Prognostics" method was developed to create RUL distributions from Beginning of Life (BOL) to End of Life (EOL). This employs established Type I, II, and III prognostic methods, and Bayesian transitioning between each Type. Bayesian methods, as opposed to classical frequency statistics, show how an expected value, a priori, changes with new data to form a posterior distribution. For example, when you purchase a component you have a prior belief, or estimation, of how long it will operate before failing. As you operate it, you may collect information related to its condition that will allow you to update your estimated failure time. Bayesian methods are best used when limited data are available. The use of a prior also means that information is conserved when new data are available. The weightings of the prior belief and information contained in the sampled data are dependent on the variance (uncertainty) of the prior, the variance (uncertainty) of the data, and the amount of measured data (number of samples). If the variance of the prior is small compared to the uncertainty of the data, the prior will be weighed more heavily. However, as more data are collected, the data will be weighted more heavily and will eventually swamp out the prior in calculating the posterior distribution of model parameters. Fundamentally Bayesian analysis updates a prior belief with new data to get a posterior belief. The general approach to applying the Bayesian method to lifecycle prognostics consisted of identifying the prior, which is the RUL es
High-resolution X-ray spectroscopy of Theta Car
Yael Naze; Gregor Rauw
Context : The peculiar hot star Theta Car in the open cluster IC2602 is a blue straggler as well as a single-line binary of short period (2.2d). Aims : Its high-energy properties are not well known, though X-rays can provide useful constraints on the energetic processes at work in binaries as well as in peculiar, single objects. Methods : We present the analysis of a 50ks exposure taken with the XMM-Newton observatory. It provides medium as well as high-resolution spectroscopy. Results : Our high-resolution spectroscopy analysis reveals a very soft spectrum with multiple temperature components (1--6MK) and an X-ray flux slightly below the `canonical' value (log[L_X(0.1-10.)/L_{BOL}] ~ -7). The X-ray lines appear surprisingly narrow and unshifted, reminiscent of those of beta Cru and tau Sco. Their relative intensities confirm the anomalous abundances detected in the optical domain (C strongly depleted, N strongly enriched, O slightly depleted). In addition, the X-ray data favor a slight depletion in neon and iron, but they are less conclusive for the magnesium abundance (solar-like?). While no significant changes occur during the XMM-Newton observation, variability in the X-ray domain is detected on the long-term range. The formation radius of the X-ray emission is loosely constrained to <5 R_sol, which allows for a range of models (wind-shock, corona, magnetic confinement,...) though not all of them can be reconciled with the softness of the spectrum and the narrowness of the lines.
Parkin, E. R.; Sim, S. A., E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com, E-mail: email@example.com [Research School of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Australian National University, ACT 2611 (Australia)
In an early-type, massive star binary system, X-ray bright shocks result from the powerful collision of stellar winds driven by radiation pressure on spectral line transitions. We examine the influence of the X-rays from the wind-wind collision shocks on the radiative driving of the stellar winds using steady-state models that include a parameterized line force with X-ray ionization dependence. Our primary result is that X-ray radiation from the shocks inhibits wind acceleration and can lead to a lower pre-shock velocity, and a correspondingly lower shocked plasma temperature, yet the intrinsic X-ray luminosity of the shocks, L{sub X}, remains largely unaltered, with the exception of a modest increase at small binary separations. Due to the feedback loop between the ionizing X-rays from the shocks and the wind driving, we term this scenario as self-regulated shocks. This effect is found to greatly increase the range of binary separations at which a wind-photosphere collision is likely to occur in systems where the momenta of the two winds are significantly different. Furthermore, the excessive levels of X-ray ionization close to the shocks completely suppress the line force, and we suggest that this may render radiative braking less effective. Comparisons of model results against observations reveal reasonable agreement in terms of log (L{sub X}/L{sub bol}). The inclusion of self-regulated shocks improves the match for kT values in roughly equal wind momenta systems, but there is a systematic offset for systems with unequal wind momenta (if considered to be a wind-photosphere collision).
An X-ray Census of Young Stars in the Massive Southern Star-Forming Complex NGC 6357
Junfeng Wang; Leisa K. Townsley; Eric D. Feigelson; Konstantin V. Getman; Patrick S. Broos; Gordon P. Garmire; Masahiro Tsujimoto
We present the first high spatial resolution X-ray study of the massive star forming region NGC 6357, obtained in a 38 ks Chandra/ACIS observation. Inside the brightest constituent of this large HII region complex is the massive open cluster Pismis 24. It contains two of the brightest and bluest stars known, yet remains poorly studied; only a handful of optically bright stellar members have been identified. We investigate the cluster extent and Initial Mass Function and detect ~800 X-ray sources with a limiting sensitivity of 10^{30} ergs s^{-1}; this provides the first reliable probe of the rich intermediate-mass and low-mass population of this massive cluster, increasing the number of known members from optical study by a factor of ~50. The high luminosity end (log L_h[2-8 keV]\\ge 30.3 ergs s^{-1}) of the observed X-ray luminosity function in NGC 6357 is clearly consistent with a power law relation as seen in the Orion Nebula Cluster and Cepheus B, yielding the first estimate of NGC 6357's total cluster population, a few times the known Orion population. We investigate the structure of the cluster, finding small-scale substructures superposed on a spherical cluster with 6 pc extent, and discuss its relationship to the nebular morphology. The long-standing Lx - 10^{-7}L_{bol} correlation for O stars is confirmed. Twenty-four candidate O stars and one possible new obscured massive YSO or Wolf-Rayet star are presented. Many cluster members are estimated to be intermediate-mass stars from available infrared photometry (assuming an age of 1 Myr), but only a few exhibit K-band excess. We report the first detection of X-ray emission from an Evaporating Gaseous Globule at the tip of a molecular pillar; this source is likely a B0-B2 protostar.
X-ray emission from the planet pulsar B1257+12
G. G. Pavlov; O. Kargaltsev; G. P. Garmire; A. Wolszczan
We report the detection of the millisecond pulsar B1257+12 with the Chandra X-ray Observatory. In a 20 ks exposure we detected 25 photons from the pulsar, with energies between 0.4 and 2.0 keV, corresponding to the flux F_X=(4.4+/- 0.9)*10^{-15} ergs s^{-1} cm^{-2} in this energy range. The X-ray spectrum can be described by a power-law model with photon index Gamma = 2.8 and luminosity L_X \\approx 2.5*10^{29} ergs s^{-1} in the 0.3--8 keV band, for a plausible distance of 500 pc and hydrogen column density N_H=3*10^{20} cm^{-2}. Alternatively, the spectrum can be fitted by a blackbody model with kT ~ 0.22 keV and projected emitting area ~2000 m^2. If the thermal X-rays are emitted from two symmetric polar caps, the bolometric luminosity of the two caps is 2 L_bol ~ 3*10^{29} ergs s^{-1}. We compared our results with the data on other 30 millisecond pulsars observed in X-rays and found that the apparent X-ray efficiency of PSR B1257+12, L_X/Edot ~ 3*10^{-5} for d=500 pc, is lower than those of most of millisecond pulsars. This might be explained by an unfavorable orientation of the X-ray pulsar beam if the radiation is magnetospheric, or by strong asymmetry of polar caps if the radiation is thermal (e.g., one of the polar caps is much brighter than the other and remains invisible for most part of the pulsar period). Alternatively, it could be attributed to absorption of X-rays in circumpulsar matter, such as a flaring debris disk left over after formation of the planetary system around the pulsar.
Prichard, Andrew W.; Niehus, Mark T.; Collins, Brian A.; Bathke, Charles G.; Ebbinghaus, Bartley B.; Hase, Kevin R.; Sleaford, Brad W.; Robel, Martin; Smith, Brian W.
This paper reports the continued evaluation of the attractiveness of materials mixtures containing special nuclear materials (SNM) associated with thorium based nuclear fuel cycles. Specifically, this paper examines a thorium fuel cycle in which a pressurized heavy water reactor (PHWR) is fueled with mixtures of natural uranium/233U/thorium. This paper uses a PHWR fueled with natural uranium as a base fuel cycle, and then compares material attractiveness of fuel cycles that use 233U/thorium salted with natural uranium. The results include the material attractiveness of fuel at beginning of life (BoL), end of life (EoL), and the number of fuel assemblies required to collect a bare critical mass of plutonium or uranium. This study indicates what is required to render the uranium as having low utility for use in nuclear weapons; in addition, this study estimates the increased number of assemblies required to accumulate a bare critical mass of plutonium that has a higher utility for use in nuclear weapons. This approach identifies that some fuel cycles may be easier to implement the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) safeguards approach and have a more effective safeguards by design outcome. For this study, approximately one year of fuel is required to be reprocessed to obtain one bare critical mass of plutonium. Nevertheless, the result of this paper suggests that all spent fuel needs to be rigorously safeguarded and provided with high levels of physical protection. This study was performed at the request of the United States Department of Energy /National Nuclear Security Administration (DOE/NNSA). The methodology and key findings will be presented.
Revisiting the axion bounds from the Galactic white dwarf luminosity function
Marcelo M. Miller Bertolami; Brenda E. Melendez; Leandro G. Althaus; Jordi Isern
It has been shown that the shape of the luminosity function of white dwarfs (WDLF) is a powerful tool to check for the possible existence of DFSZ-axions, a proposed but not yet detected type of weakly interacting particles. With the aim of deriving new constraints on the axion mass, we compute in this paper new theoretical WDLFs on the basis of WD evolving models that incorporate for the feedback of axions on the thermal structure of the white dwarf. We find that the impact of the axion emission into the neutrino emission can not be neglected at high luminosities ($M_{\\rm Bol}\\lesssim 8$) and that the axion emission needs to be incorporated self-consistently into the evolution of the white dwarfs when dealing with axion masses larger than $m_a\\cos^2\\beta\\gtrsim 5$ meV (i.e. axion-electron coupling constant $g_{ae}\\gtrsim 1.4\\times 10^{-13}$). We went beyond previous works by including 5 different derivations of the WDLF in our analysis. Then we have performed $\\chi^2$-tests to have a quantitative measure of the assessment between the theoretical WDLFs ---computed under the assumptions of different axion masses and normalization methods--- and the observed WDLFs of the Galactic disk. While all the WDLF studied in this work disfavour axion masses in the range suggested by asteroseismology ($m_a\\cos^2\\beta\\gtrsim 10$ meV; $g_{ae}\\gtrsim 2.8\\times 10^{-13}$) lower axion masses can not be discarded from our current knowledge of the WDLF of the Galactic Disk. A larger set of completely independent derivations of the WDLF of the galactic disk as well as a detailed study of the uncertainties of the theoretical WDLFs is needed before quantitative constraints on the axion-electron coupling constant can be made.
The type IIb supernova 2013df and its cool supergiant progenitor
Van Dyk, Schuyler D. [Spitzer Science Center/Caltech, Mail Code 220-6, Pasadena, CA 91125 (United States); Zheng, WeiKang; Fox, Ori D.; Clubb, Kelsey I.; Filippenko, Alexei V.; Kelly, Patrick L. [Department of Astronomy, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3411 (United States); Cenko, S. Bradley [Astrophysics Science Division, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Mail Code 661, Greenbelt, MD 20771 (United States); Foley, Ryan J. [Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138 (United States); Miller, Adam A. [Jet Propulsion Laboratory, MS 169-506, Pasadena, CA 91109 (United States); Smith, Nathan [Steward Observatory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85720 (United States); Lee, William H. [Instituto de AstronomĒa, Universidad Nacional Aut¾noma de Mķxico, Apdo. Postal 70-264, Cd. Universitaria, Mķxico DF 04510 (Mexico); Ben-Ami, Sagi; Gal-Yam, Avishay, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [Benoziyo Center for Astrophysics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100 (Israel)
We have obtained early-time photometry and spectroscopy of supernova (SN) 2013df in NGC 4414. The SN is clearly of Type IIb, with notable similarities to SN 1993J. From its luminosity at secondary maximum light, it appears that less {sup 56}Ni (? 0.06 M {sub ?}) was synthesized in the SN 2013df explosion than was the case for the SNe IIb 1993J, 2008ax, and 2011dh. Based on a comparison of the light curves, the SN 2013df progenitor must have been more extended in radius prior to explosion than the progenitor of SN 1993J. The total extinction for SN 2013df is estimated to be A{sub V} = 0.30 mag. The metallicity at the SN location is likely to be solar. We have conducted Hubble Space Telescope (HST) Target of Opportunity observations of the SN with the Wide Field Camera 3, and from a precise comparison of these new observations to archival HST observations of the host galaxy obtained 14 yr prior to explosion, we have identified the progenitor of SN 2013df to be a yellow supergiant, somewhat hotter than a red supergiant progenitor for a normal Type II-Plateau SN. From its observed spectral energy distribution, assuming that the light is dominated by one star, the progenitor had effective temperature T {sub eff} = 4250 ▒ 100 K and a bolometric luminosity L {sub bol} = 10{sup 4.94▒0.06} L {sub ?}. This leads to an effective radius R {sub eff} = 545 ▒ 65 R {sub ?}. The star likely had an initial mass in the range of 13-17 M {sub ?}; however, if it was a member of an interacting binary system, detailed modeling of the system is required to estimate this mass more accurately. The progenitor star of SN 2013df appears to have been relatively similar to the progenitor of SN 1993J.
What Can We Learn from the Smallest AGN?
Ari Laor
Quite a few things. In particular, reverberation mapping of NGC 4395, the lowest luminosity type 1 Active Galactic Nucleus (AGN, L_bol~10^40 erg/s) revealed a size of only ~1 light hour for the C IV broad line region (BLR), which is by far the smallest BLR. This, together with a similar determination of a size of ~200 light days in a luminous quasar (Kaspi et al. 2007), suggests that the R_BLR\\propto L^1/2 relation holds over a range of 10^7 in L. This relation was suggested to result from dust sublimation, which sets R_BLR. This suggestion was beautifully confirmed recently by the dust reverberation results of Suganuma et al. (2006). The R_BLR\\propto L^1/2 relation implies that the broad lines width increases with decreasing luminosity according to v\\propto L^-1/4. But, there is an observational cutoff at v~25,000 km/s, and thus below a certain threshold L the BLR would not be detectable. Such objects constitute the so-called "true type 2" AGN (e.g. most FR I radio galaxies). The physical origin of the BLR gas is not established yet, but high quality Keck spectra of the Halpha profile in NGC 4395 rule out a clumped distribution, and indicate that the gas resides in a smooth flow, most likely in a thick rotationally supported configuration. The Halpha line also reveals extended exponential wings, which are well modeled by electron scattering within the BLR emitting gas. Such wings can be used as a direct probe of the BLR temperature and optical depth.
PS1-10bzj: A FAST, HYDROGEN-POOR SUPERLUMINOUS SUPERNOVA IN A METAL-POOR HOST GALAXY
Lunnan, R.; Chornock, R.; Berger, E.; Milisavljevic, D.; Drout, M.; Sanders, N. E.; Challis, P. M.; Czekala, I.; Foley, R. J.; Fong, W.; Kirshner, R. P.; Leibler, C.; Marion, G. H.; Narayan, G. [Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden St., Cambridge, MA 02138 (United States); Huber, M. E. [Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawaii, 2680 Woodlawn Drive, Honolulu, HI 96822 (United States); McCrum, M.; Smartt, S. J. [Astrophysics Research Centre, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN (United Kingdom); Rest, A. [Space Telescope Science Institute, 3700 San Martin Dr., Baltimore, MD 21218 (United States); Roth, K. C. [Gemini Observatory, 670 N. Aohoku Place, Hilo, HI 96720 (United States); Scolnic, D., E-mail: email@example.com [Department of Physics and Astronomy, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218 (United States); and others
We present observations and analysis of PS1-10bzj, a superluminous supernova (SLSN) discovered in the Pan-STARRS Medium Deep Survey at a redshift z = 0.650. Spectroscopically, PS1-10bzj is similar to the hydrogen-poor SLSNe 2005ap and SCP 06F6, though with a steeper rise and lower peak luminosity (M{sub bol} {approx_equal} -21.4 mag) than previous events. We construct a bolometric light curve, and show that while PS1-10bzj's energetics were less extreme than previous events, its luminosity still cannot be explained by radioactive nickel decay alone. We explore both a magnetar spin-down and circumstellar interaction scenario and find that either can fit the data. PS1-10bzj is located in the Extended Chandra Deep Field South and the host galaxy is imaged in a number of surveys, including with the Hubble Space Telescope. The host is a compact dwarf galaxy (M{sub B} Almost-Equal-To -18 mag, diameter {approx}< 800 pc), with a low stellar mass (M{sub *} Almost-Equal-To 2.4 Multiplication-Sign 10{sup 7} M{sub Sun }), young stellar population ({tau}{sub *} Almost-Equal-To 5 Myr), and a star formation rate of {approx}2-3 M{sub Sun} yr{sup -1}. The specific star formation rate is the highest seen in an SLSN host so far ({approx}100 Gyr{sup -1}). We detect the [O III] {lambda}4363 line, and find a low metallicity: 12 + (O/H) = 7.8 {+-} 0.2 ({approx_equal} 0.1 Z{sub Sun }). Together, this indicates that at least some of the progenitors of SLSNe come from young, low-metallicity populations.
Recovery Act: Web-based CO{sub 2} Subsurface Modeling
Paolini, Christopher; Castillo, Jose
The Web-based CO{sub 2} Subsurface Modeling project focused primarily on extending an existing text-only, command-line driven, isothermal and isobaric, geochemical reaction-transport simulation code, developed and donated by Sienna Geodynamics, into an easier-to-use Web-based application for simulating long-term storage of CO{sub 2} in geologic reservoirs. The Web-based interface developed through this project, publically accessible via URL http://symc.sdsu.edu/, enables rapid prototyping of CO{sub 2} injection scenarios and allows students without advanced knowledge of geochemistry to setup a typical sequestration scenario, invoke a simulation, analyze results, and then vary one or more problem parameters and quickly re-run a simulation to answer what-if questions. symc.sdsu.edu has 2x12 core AMD OpteronÖ 6174 2.20GHz processors and 16GB RAM. The Web-based application was used to develop a new computational science course at San Diego State University, COMP 670: Numerical Simulation of CO{sub 2} Sequestration, which was taught during the fall semester of 2012. The purpose of the class was to introduce graduate students to Carbon Capture, Use and Storage (CCUS) through numerical modeling and simulation, and to teach students how to interpret simulation results to make predictions about long-term CO{sub 2} storage capacity in deep brine reservoirs. In addition to the training and education component of the project, significant software development efforts took place. Two computational science doctoral and one geological science masters student, under the direction of the PIs, extended the original code developed by Sienna Geodynamics, named Sym.8. New capabilities were added to Sym.8 to simulate non-isothermal and non-isobaric flows of charged aqueous solutes in porous media, in addition to incorporating HPC support into the code for execution on many-core XSEDE clusters. A successful outcome of this project was the funding and training of three new computational science students and one geological science student in technologies relevant to carbon sequestration and problems involving flow in subsurface media. The three computational science students are currently finishing their doctorial studies on different aspects of modeling CO{sub 2} sequestration, while the geological science student completed his masterÆs thesis in modeling the thermal response of CO{sub 2} injection in brine and, as a direct result of participation in this project, is now employed at ExxonMobil as a full-time staff geologist.
Nuclear Symmetry Energy in Relativistic Mean Field Theory
Shufang Ban; Jie Meng; Wojciech Satula; Ramon A. Wyss
The Physical origin of the nuclear symmetry energy is studied within the relativistic mean field (RMF) theory. Based on the nuclear binding energies calculated with and without mean isovector potential for several isobaric chains we conform earlier Skyrme-Hartree-Fock result that the nuclear symmetry energy strength depends on the mean level spacing $\\epsilon (A)$ and an effective mean isovector potential strength $\\kappa (A)$. A detaied analysis of isospin dependence of the two components contributing to the nuclear symmetry energy reveals a quadratic dependence due to the mean-isoscalar potential, $\\sim\\epsilon T^2$, and, completely unexpectedly, the presence of a strong linear component $\\sim\\kappa T(T+1+\\epsilon/\\kappa)$ in the isovector potential. The latter generates a nuclear symmetry energy in RMF theory that is proportional to $E_{sym}\\sim T(T+1)$ at variance to the non-relativistic calculation. The origin of the linear term in RMF theory needs to be further explored.
Properties of branes in curved spacetimes
Kostas Skenderis; Marika Taylor
A generic property of curved manifolds is the existence of focal points. We show that branes located at focal points of the geometry satisfy special properties. Examples of backgrounds to which our discussion applies are AdS_m x S^n and plane wave backgrounds. As an example, we show that a pair of AdS_2 branes located at the north and south pole of the S^5 in AdS_5 x S^5 are half supersymmetric and that they are dual to a two-monopole solution of N=4 SU(N) SYM theory. Our second example involves spacelike branes in the (Lorentzian) plane wave. We develop a modified lightcone gauge for the open string channel, analyze in detail the cylinder diagram and establish open-closed duality. When the branes are located at focal points of the geometry the amplitude acquires most of the characteristics of flat space amplitudes. In the open string channel the special properties are due to stringy modes that become massless.
Dissolved deconfinement: Phase Structure of large N gauge theories with fundamental matter
Pallab Basu; Anindya Mukherjee
A class of large N SU(N) gauge theories on a compact manifold S^3 X R (with possible inclusion of adjoint matter) is known to show first order deconfinement transition at the deconfinement temperature. This includes the familiar example of pure YM theory and N=4 SYM theory. Here we study the effect of introduction of N_f fundamental matter fields in the phase diagram of the above mentioned gauge theories at small coupling and in the limit of large N and finite N_f/N. We find some interesting features like the termination of the line of first order deconfinement phase transition at a critical point as the ratio N_f/N is increased and absence of deconfinement transition thereafter (there is only a smooth crossover). This result may have some implication for QCD, which unlike a pure gauge theory does not show a first order deconfinement transition and only displays a smooth crossover at the transition temperature.
Sebastian Franco; Daniele Galloni; Brenda Penante; Congkao Wen
We initiate a systematic study of non-planar on-shell diagrams in N=4 SYM and develop powerful technology for doing so. We introduce canonical variables generalizing face variables, which make the dlog form of the on-shell form explicit. We make significant progress towards a general classification of arbitrary on-shell diagrams by means of two classes of combinatorial objects: generalized matching and matroid polytopes. We propose a boundary measurement that connects general on-shell diagrams to the Grassmannian. Our proposal exhibits two important and non-trivial properties: positivity in the planar case and it matches the combinatorial description of the diagrams in terms of generalized matroid polytopes. Interestingly, non-planar diagrams exhibit novel phenomena, such as the emergence of constraints on Plucker coordinates beyond Plucker relations when deleting edges, which are neatly captured by the generalized matching and matroid polytopes. This behavior is tied to the existence of a new type of poles in the on-shell form at which combinations of Plucker coordinates vanish. Finally, we introduce a prescription, applicable beyond the MHV case, for writing the on-shell form as a function of minors directly from the graph.
Dynamical aspects of the plane-wave matrix model at finite temperature
Naoyuki Kawahara; Jun Nishimura; Kentaroh Yoshida
We study dynamical aspects of the plane-wave matrix model at finite temperature. One-loop calculation around general classical vacua is performed using the background field method, and the integration over the gauge field moduli is carried out both analytically and numerically. In addition to the trivial vacuum, which corresponds to a single M5-brane at zero temperature, we consider general static fuzzy-sphere type configurations. They are all 1/2 BPS, and hence degenerate at zero temperature due to supersymmetry. This degeneracy is resolved, however, at finite temperature, and we identify the configuration that gives the smallest free energy at each temperature. The Hagedorn transition in each vacuum is studied by using the eigenvalue density method for the gauge field moduli, and the free energy as well as the Polyakov line is obtained analytically near the critical point. This reveals the existence of fuzzy sphere phases, which may correspond to the plasma-ball phases in N=4 SU(\\infty) SYM on S^1 X S^3. We also perform Monte Carlo simulation to integrate over the gauge field moduli. While this confirms the validity of the analytic results near the critical point, it also shows that the trivial vacuum gives the smallest free energy throughout the high temperature regime.
Core-crust transition properties of neutron stars within systematically varied extended relativistic mean-field model
A. Sulaksono; Naosad Alam; B. K. Agrawal
The model dependence and the symmetry energy dependence of the core-crust transition properties for the neutron stars are studied using three different families of systematically varied extended relativistic mean field model. Several forces within each of the families are so considered that they yield wide variations in the values of the nuclear symmetry energy $a_{\\rm sym}$ and its slope parameter $L$ at the saturation density. The core-crust transition density is calculated using a method based on random-phase-approximation. The core-crust transition density is strongly correlated, in a model independent manner, with the symmetry energy slope parameter evaluated at the saturation density. The pressure at the transition point dose not show any meaningful correlations with the symmetry energy parameters at the saturation density. At best, pressure at the transition point is correlated with the symmetry energy parameters and their linear combination evaluated at the some sub-saturation density. Yet, such correlations might not be model independent. The correlations of core-crust transition properties with the symmetry energy parameter are also studied by varying the symmetry energy within a single model. The pressure at the transition point is correlated once again with the symmetry energy parameter at the sub-saturation density.
Reduced dimension rovibrational variational calculations of the S{sub 1} state of C{sub 2}H{sub 2}. II. The S{sub 1} rovibrational manifold and the effects of isomerization
Changala, P. Bryan, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com; Baraban, Joshua H.; Field, Robert W. [Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139 (United States)] [Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139 (United States); Stanton, John F. [Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Theoretical Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712 (United States)] [Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Theoretical Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712 (United States); Merer, Anthony J. [Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 10617, Taiwan and Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1 (Canada)] [Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 10617, Taiwan and Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1 (Canada)
Reduced dimension variational calculations have been performed for the rovibrational level structure of the S{sub 1} state of acetylene. The state exhibits an unusually complicated level structure, for various reasons. First, the potential energy surface has two accessible conformers, trans and cis. The cis conformer lies about 2700 cm{sup ?1} above the trans, and the barrier to cis-trans isomerization lies about 5000 cm{sup ?1} above the trans minimum. The trans vibrations ?{sub 4} (torsion) and ?{sub 6} (asym. bend) interact very strongly by Darling-Dennison and Coriolis resonances, such that their combination levels and overtones form polyads with unexpected structures. Both conformers exhibit very large x{sub 36} cross-anharmonicity since the pathway to isomerization is a combination of ?{sub 6} and ?{sub 3} (sym. bend). Near the isomerization barrier, the vibrational levels show an even-odd K-staggering of their rotational levels as a result of quantum mechanical tunneling through the barrier. The present calculations address all of these complications, and reproduce the observed K-structures of the bending and C¢C stretching levels with good qualitative accuracy. It is expected that they will assist with the assignment of the irregular patterns near the isomerization barrier.
Top-forms of Leading Singularities in Nonplanar Multi-loop Amplitudes
Baoyi Chen; Gang Chen; Yeuk-Kwan E. Cheung; Ruofei Xie; Yuan Xin
Bipartite on-shell diagram is the latest tool in constructing scattering amplitudes. In this letter we prove that an on-shell diagram process a rational top-form if and only if the algebraic ideal comprised of the geometrical constraints can be shifted linearly during successive Britto-Cachazo-Feng-Witten (BCFW) integrations. With a proper geometric interpretation of the constraints in the Grassmannian manifold, the top-form integration contours can thus be obtained, and understood, in a straightforward way. All top-form integrands can be obtained with the BCFW bridge decomposition chain. For on-shell diagrams without external BCFW-bridges, an extra step of adding an auxiliary external momentum line and the taking the soft limit is needed. This completes the top-form description of leading singularities in nonplanar scattering amplitudes of $\\mathcal{N}=4$~Super Yang-Mills (SYM), which is valid for arbitrary higher-loops and beyond the Maximally-Helicity-Violation (MHV) amplitudes.
A Maximally Supersymmetric Kondo Model
Harrison, Sarah; Kachru, Shamit; Torroba, Gonzalo; /Stanford U., Phys. Dept. /SLAC
We study the maximally supersymmetric Kondo model obtained by adding a fermionic impurity to N = 4 supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory. While the original Kondo problem describes a defect interacting with a free Fermi liquid of itinerant electrons, here the ambient theory is an interacting CFT, and this introduces qualitatively new features into the system. The model arises in string theory by considering the intersection of a stack of M D5-branes with a stack of N D3-branes, at a point in the D3 worldvolume. We analyze the theory holographically, and propose a dictionary between the Kondo problem and antisymmetric Wilson loops in N = 4 SYM. We perform an explicit calculation of the D5 fluctuations in the D3 geometry and determine the spectrum of defect operators. This establishes the stability of the Kondo fixed point together with its basic thermodynamic properties. Known supergravity solutions for Wilson loops allow us to go beyond the probe approximation: the D5s disappear and are replaced by three-form flux piercing a new topologically non-trivial S3 in the corrected geometry. This describes the Kondo model in terms of a geometric transition. A dual matrix model reflects the basic properties of the corrected gravity solution in its eigenvalue distribution.
Many-body forces, isospin asymmetry and dense hyperonic matter
Gomes, R O; Schramm, S; Vascconcellos, C A Z
The equation of state (EoS) of asymmetric nuclear matter at high densities is a key topic for the description of matter inside neutron stars. The determination of the properties of asymmetric nuclear matter, such as the symmetry energy ($a_{sym}$) and the slope of the symmetry energy ($L_0$) at saturation density, has been exaustively studied in order to better constrain the nuclear matter EoS. However, differently from symmetric matter properties that are reasonably constrained, the symmetry energy and its slope still large uncertainties in their experimental values. Regarding this subject, some studies point towards small values of the slope of the symmetry energy, while others suggest rather higher values. Such a lack of agreement raised a certain debate in the scientific community. In this paper, we aim to analyse the role of these properties on the behavior of asymmetric hyperonic matter. Using the formalism presented in Ref. (R.O. Gomes et al 2014}, which considers many-body forces contributions in the ...
Franco, Sebastian; Penante, Brenda; Wen, Congkao
We initiate a systematic study of non-planar on-shell diagrams in N=4 SYM and develop powerful technology for doing so. We introduce canonical variables generalizing face variables, which make the dlog form of the on-shell form explicit. We present a general classification of arbitrary on-shell diagrams in terms of two classes of combinatorial objects: generalized matching and matroid polytopes. We propose a boundary measurement that connects general on-shell diagrams to the Grassmannian. Our proposal exhibits two important and non-trivial properties: positivity in the planar case and its generalization for non-planar diagrams, and it matches the combinatorial description of the diagrams in terms of matroid polytopes. We present a comprehensive discussion of equivalence and reductions for non-planar diagrams and explain how they are captured by the generalized matching and matroid polytopes. Interestingly, non-planar diagrams exhibit novel phenomena, such as the emergence of constraints on Pl\\"ucker coordinat...
Thermodynamics of large-$N$ gauge theories on a sphere: weak versus strong coupling
Fen Zuo; Yi-Hong Gao
Recently lattice simulation in pure Yang-Mills theory exposes significant quadratic corrections for both the thermodynamic quantities and the renormalized Polyakov loop in the deconfined phase. These terms are previously found to appear naturally for ${\\mathcal N}=4$ Super Yang-Mills~(SYM) on a sphere at strong coupling, through the gauge/gravity duality. Here we extend the investigation to the weak coupling regime, and for general large-$N$ gauge theories. Employing the matrix model description, we find some novel behavior in the deconfined phase, which is not noticed in the literature. Due to the non-uniform eigenvalue distribution of the holonomy around the time circle, the deviation of the Polyakov loop from one starts from $1/T^3$ instead of $1/T^2$. Such a power is fixed by the space dimension and do not change with different theories. This statement is also true when perturbative corrections to the single-particle partition functions are included. The corrections to the Polyakov loop and higher moments of the distribution function combine to give a universal term, $T/4$, in the free energy. These differences between the weak and strong coupling regime could be easily explained if a strong/weak coupling phase transition occurs in the deconfined phase of large-$N$ gauge theories on a compact manifold.
Symmetry energy from nuclear multifragmentation
Swagata Mallik; Gargi Chaudhuri
The ratio of symmetry energy coefficient to temperature $C_{sym}/T$ is extracted from different prescriptions using the isotopic as well as the isobaric yield distributions obtained in different projectile fragmentation reactions. It is found that the values extracted from our theoretical calculation agree with those extracted from the experimental data but they differ very much from the input value of the symmetry energy used. The best possible way to deduce the value of the symmetry energy coefficient is to use the fragment yield at the breakup stage of the reaction and it is better to use the grand canonical model for the fragmentation analysis. This is because the formulas that are used for the deduction of the symmetry energy coefficient are all derived in the framework of the grand canonical ensemble which is valid only at the break-up (equilibrium) condition. The yield of "cold" fragments either from the theoretical models or from experiments when used for extraction of the symmetry energy coefficient using these prescriptions might lead to the wrong conclusion.
Positive Amplitudes In The Amplituhedron
Nima Arkani-Hamed; Andrew Hodges; Jaroslav Trnka
The all-loop integrand for scattering amplitudes in planar N = 4 SYM is determined by an "amplitude form" with logarithmic singularities on the boundary of the amplituhedron. In this note we provide strong evidence for a new striking property of the superamplitude, which we conjecture to be true to all loop orders: the amplitude form is positive when evaluated inside the amplituhedron. The statement is sensibly formulated thanks to the natural "bosonization" of the superamplitude associated with the amplituhedron geometry. However this positivity is not manifest in any of the current approaches to scattering amplitudes, and in particular not in the cellulations of the amplituhedron related to on-shell diagrams and the positive grassmannian. The surprising positivity of the form suggests the existence of a "dual amplituhedron" formulation where this feature would be made obvious. We also suggest that the positivity is associated with an extended picture of amplituhedron geometry, with the amplituhedron sitting inside a co-dimension one surface separating "legal" and "illegal" local singularities of the amplitude. We illustrate this in several simple examples, obtaining new expressions for amplitudes not associated with any triangulations, but following in a more invariant manner from a global view of the positive geometry.
Oxygen as a site specific structural probe in neutron diffraction
Neuefeind, Joerg C [ORNL; Simonson, J Michael {Mike} [ORNL; Salmon, Phil [University of Bath; Zeidler, Anita [University of Bath; Fischer, Henry E [Institut Laue-Langevin (ILL); Rauch, Helmut [E141 Atominstitut der & #xD6; sterreichischen Universit& #xE4; ten,; Markland, Thomas [Columbia University; Lemmel, Hartmut [Technical University Vienna
Oxygen is a ubiquitous element, playing an essential role in most scientific and technological disciplines, and is often incorporated within a structurally disordered material where examples include molten silicates in planetary science, glasses used for lasers and optical communication, and water in biological processes. Establishing the structure of a liquid or glassy oxide and thereby its relation to the functional properties of a material is not, however, a trivial task owing to the complexity associated with atomic disorder. Here we approach this challenge by measuring the bound coherent neutron scattering lengths of the oxygen isotopes with the sensitive technique of neutron interferometry. We find that there is a small but finite contrast of 0.204(6) fm between the scattering lengths of the isotope 18O and oxygen of natural isotopic abundance natO, contrary to tables of recommended values. This has enabled us to investigate the structure of both light and heavy water by exploiting, for the first time, the method of oxygen isotope substitution in neutron diffraction, thus circumventing many of the significant problems associated with more traditional methods in which hydrogen is substituted by deuterium. We find a difference of ~0.5% between the O-H and O-D intra-molecular bond distances which is much smaller than recent estimates based on diffraction data and is found to be in excellent agreement with path integral molecular dynamics simulations made with a flexible polarisable water model. Our results demonstrate the potential for using oxygen isotope substitution as a powerful and effective site specific probe in a plethora of materials, of pertinence as instrumentation at next generation neutron sources comes online
MPC&A for plutonium disposition in the Russian federation
Sutcliffe, W.G.
The issue of what to do with excess fissile materials from dismantled nuclear weapons has been discussed for a number of years. The options or alternatives commanding the most attention were identified by the American National Academy of Sciences. For plutonium these options are: (1) the fabrication and use of mixed-oxide (MOX) reactor fuel followed by the disposal of the spent fuel, or (2) vitrification (immobilization) of plutonium combined with highly radioactive material followed by direct disposal. The Academy report also identified the alternative of disposal in a deep borehole as requiring further study before being eliminated or accepted. The report emphasized security of nuclear materials as a principal factor in considering management and disposition decisions. Security of materials is particularly important in the near term-now-long before ultimate disposition can be accomplished. The MOX option was the subject of a NATO workshop held at Obninsk, Russia in October 1994. Hence this paper does not deal with the MOX alternative in detail. It deals with the following: materials protection, control, and accounting (MPC&A) for immobilization and disposal; the immobilization vs MOX alternatives; the security of disposed plutonium; the need to demonstrate MTC&A for plutonium disposition; and, finally, a recommended investment to quickly and inexpensively improve the protection of fissile materials in Russia. It is the author`s view that near-term management is of overriding importance. That is, with respect to the ultimate disposition of excess nuclear materials, how we get there is more important than where we are going.
May, M.
We are closing chapter one'' of the nuclear age. Whatever happens to the Soviet Union and to Europe, some of the major determinants of nuclear policy will not be what they have been for the last forty-five years. Part of the task for US nuclear weapons policy is to adapt its nuclear forces and the oganizations managing them to the present, highly uncertain, but not urgently competitive situation between the US and the Soviet Union. Containment is no longer the appropriate watchword. Stabilization in the face of uncertainty, a more complicated and politically less readily communicable goal, may come closer. A second and more difficult part of the task is to deal with what may be the greatest potential source of danger to come out of the end of the cold war: the breakup of some of the cooperative institutions that managed the nuclear threat and were created by the cold war. These cooperative institutions, principally the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), the Warsaw Pact, the US-Japan alliance, were not created specifically to manage the nuclear threat, but manage it they did. A third task for nuclear weapons policy is that of dealing with nuclear proliferation under modern conditions when the technologies needed to field effective nuclear weapons systems and their command and control apparatus are ever more widely available, and the leverage over some potential proliferators, which stemmed from superpower military support, is likely to be on the wane. This paper will make some suggestions regarding these tasks, bearing in mind that the unsettled nature of that part of the world most likely to become involved in nuclear weapons decisions today must make any suggestions tentative and the allowance for surprise more than usually important.
Conventional armed forces in Europe: Technology scenario development
Houser, G.M.
In January 1986, the Soviet Union's Mikhail Gorbachev proposed elimination of all nuclear weapons by the year 2000. In April of that year, Mr. Gorbachev proposed substantial reductions of conventional weapons in Europe, from the Atlantic Ocean to the Ural Mountains, including reductions in operational-tactical nuclear weapons. In May 1986, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) responded with the Brussels Declaration on Conventional Arms Control,'' which indicated readiness to open East/West discussions on establishing a mandate for negotiating conventional arms control throughout Europe. The Group of 23,'' which met in Vienna beginning in February 1987, concluded the meeting in January 1989 with a mandate for the Conventional Armed Forced in Europe (CFE) negotiations. On 6 March 1989, CFE talks began, and these talks have continued through six rounds (as of April 1990). Although US President George Bush, on 30 May 1989, called for agreement within six months to a year, and the Malta meeting of December 1989 called for completion of a CFE agreement by the end of 1990, much remains to be negotiated. This report provides three types of information. First, treaty provisions brought to the table by both sides are compared. Second, on the basis of these provisions, problem areas for each of the provision elements are postulated and possible scenarios for resolving these problem areas are developed. Third, the scenarios are used as requirements for tasks assigned program elements for possible US implementation of a CFE treaty. As progress is achieved during the negotiations, this report could be updated, as necessary, in each of the areas to provide a continuing systematic basis for program implementation and technology development. 8 refs.
Fe Emission And Ionized Excess Absorption in the Luminous Quasar 3C109 With XMM-Newton
Miniutti, Giovanni; /Cambridge U., Inst. of Astron.; Ballantyne, D.R.; /Arizona U.; Allen, S.W.; /KIPAC, Menlo Park; Fabian, A.C.; /Cambridge U., Inst. of Astron.; Ross,; /Holy Cross Coll.
We report results from an XMM-Newton observation of the broad-line radio galaxy 3C 109 (z=0.3056). Previous ASCA data revealed the presence of a broad iron line from the accretion disc with which the XMM-Newton spectrum is fully consistent. However, although improving the ASCA constraints on the line parameters, the quality of the data is not high enough to distinguish between an untruncated accretion disc extending down to small radii close to the black hole and a scenario in which the innermost 20-30 gravitational radii are missing. For this reason, our results are model-dependent and the hard data can be modeled equally well by considering an absorption scenario in which a large column of neutral gas partially covers the X-ray continuum source. However, the absorber would have to comprise hundreds/thousands very compact clouds close to the X-ray source, which seems rather extreme a requirement. The 2-10 keV intrinsic luminosity of 3C 109 is of the order of 2-3 x 10{sup 45} erg s{sup -1} regardless of the adopted model. A recent black hole mass estimate of {approx} 2 x 10{sup 8} M{sub {circle_dot}} implies that L{sub bol}/L{sub Edd} > 1. If partial covering is excluded, the observed reflection fraction (of the order of unity), steep photon index (1.86), and Fe line equivalent width (about 100 eV) all suggest to exclude that the X-ray continuum is strongly beamed indicating that the large Eddington ratio is associated with a radiatively efficient accretion process and making it unlikely that the innermost accretion disc is replaced by a thick radiatively inefficient medium such as in advection-dominated accretion models. We also confirm previous findings on the detection of low energy absorption in excess of the Galactic value, where we find excellent agreement with previous results obtained in X-rays and at other wavelengths (optical and infrared). The better quality of the XMM-Newton data enables us to attribute the excess absorption to slightly ionized gas in the line of sight, located at the redshift of 3C 109. The most likely interpretation for the excess absorption is that the line-of-sight is grazing the obscuring torus of unified models, which is consistent with the inclination inferred from the Fe line profile (about 40{sup o}) and with the hybrid radio-galaxy/quasar nature of 3C 109.
Black holes at the centers of nearby dwarf galaxies
Moran, Edward C.; Shahinyan, Karlen; Sugarman, Hannah R.; Vķlez, Darik O. [Astronomy Department, Wesleyan University, Middletown, CT 06459 (United States); Eracleous, Michael [Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, and Institute for Gravitation and the Cosmos, The Pennsylvania State University, 525 Davey Lab, University Park, PA 16802 (United States)
Using a distance-limited portion of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) Data Release 7, we have identified 28 active galactic nuclei (AGNs) in nearby (d?80 Mpc) low-mass, low-luminosity dwarf galaxies. The accreting objects at the galaxy centers are expected to be intermediate-mass black holes (IMBHs) with M{sub BH}?10{sup 6} M{sub ?}. The AGNs were selected using several optical emission-line diagnostics after careful modeling of the continuum present in the spectra. We have limited our survey to objects with spectral characteristics similar to those of Seyfert nuclei, excluding emission-line galaxies with ambiguous spectra that could be powered by stellar processes. Thus, as a set, the host galaxies in our sample are the least massive objects in the very local universe certain to contain central black holes. Our sample is dominated by narrow-line (type 2) AGNs, and it appears to have a much lower fraction of broad-line objects than that observed for luminous, optically selected Seyfert galaxies. Given our focus on the nearest objects included in the SDSS, our survey is more sensitive to low-luminosity emission than previous optical searches for AGNs in low-mass galaxies. The [O iii] ?5007 luminosities of the Seyfert nuclei in our sample have a median value of L{sub 5007}=2ū10{sup 5} L{sub ?} and extend down to ?10{sup 4} L{sub ?}. Using published data for broad-line IMBH candidates, we have derived an [O iii] bolometric correction of log(L{sub bol}/L{sub 5007})=3.0▒0.3, which is significantly lower than values obtained for high-luminosity AGNs. Applying this correction to our sample, we obtain minimum black hole mass estimates that fall mainly in the 10{sup 3} M{sub ?}¢10{sup 4} M{sub ?} range, which is roughly where the predicted mass functions for different black hole seed formation scenarios overlap the most. In the stellar mass range that includes the bulk of the AGN host galaxies in our sample, we derive a lower limit on the AGN fraction of a few percent, indicating that active nuclei in dwarf galaxies are not as rare as previously thought.
SUPERNOVA 2008bk AND ITS RED SUPERGIANT PROGENITOR
Van Dyk, Schuyler D.; Elias-Rosa, Nancy [Spitzer Science Center/Caltech, Mailcode 220-6, Pasadena, CA 91125 (United States); Davidge, Tim J., E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com, E-mail: email@example.com [Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics, National Research Council of Canada, Victoria, B.C., V9E 2E7 (Canada); and others
We have obtained limited photometric and spectroscopic data for supernova (SN) 2008bk in NGC 7793, primarily at {approx}> 150 days after explosion. We find that it is a Type II-Plateau (II-P) SN that most closely resembles the low-luminosity SN 1999br in NGC 4900. Given the overall similarity between the observed light curves and colors of SNe 2008bk and 1999br, we infer that the total visual extinction to SN 2008bk (A{sub V} = 0.065 mag) must be almost entirely due to the Galactic foreground, similar to what has been assumed for SN 1999br. We confirm the identification of the putative red supergiant (RSG) progenitor star of the SN in high-quality g'r'i' images we had obtained in 2007 at the Gemini-South 8 m telescope. Little ambiguity exists in this progenitor identification, qualifying it as the best example to date, next to the identification of the star Sk -69 Degree-Sign 202 as the progenitor of SN 1987A. From a combination of photometry of the Gemini images with that of archival, pre-SN, Very Large Telescope JHK{sub s} images, we derive an accurate observed spectral energy distribution (SED) for the progenitor. We find from nebular strong-intensity emission-line indices for several H II regions near the SN that the metallicity in the environment is likely subsolar (Z Almost-Equal-To 0.6 Z{sub Sun }). The observed SED of the star agrees quite well with synthetic SEDs obtained from model RSG atmospheres with effective temperature T{sub eff} = 3600 {+-} 50 K. We find, therefore, that the star had a bolometric luminosity with respect to the Sun of log (L{sub bol}/L{sub Sun} ) = 4.57 {+-} 0.06 and radius R{sub *} = 496 {+-} 34 R{sub Sun} at {approx}6 months prior to explosion. Comparing the progenitor's properties with theoretical massive-star evolutionary models, we conclude that the RSG progenitor had an initial mass in the range of 8-8.5 M{sub Sun }. This mass is consistent with, albeit at the low end of, the inferred range of initial masses for SN II-P progenitors. It is also consistent with the estimated upper limit on the initial mass of the progenitor of SN 1999br, and it agrees with the low initial masses found for the RSG progenitors of other low-luminosity SNe II-P.
King, Ashley L.; Miller, Jon M.; Gueltekin, Kayhan [Department of Astronomy, University of Michigan, 500 Church Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1042 (United States); Walton, Dominic J. [Space Radiation Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 (United States); Fabian, Andrew C. [Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 OHA (United Kingdom); Reynolds, Christopher S. [Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742 (United States); Nandra, Kirpaul, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, D-85741 Garching (Germany)
We examine the role of spin in launching jets from compact objects across the mass scale. Our work includes 3 different Seyfert samples with a total of 37 unique Seyferts, as well as 11 stellar-mass black holes, and 13 neutron stars. We find that when the Seyfert reflection lines are modeled with simple Gaussian line features (a crude proxy for inner disk radius and therefore spin), only a slight inverse correlation is found between the Doppler-corrected radio luminosity at 5 GHz (a proxy for jet power) and line width. When the Seyfert reflection features are fit with more relativistically blurred disk reflection models that measure spin, there is a tentative positive correlation between the Doppler-corrected radio luminosity and the spin measurement. Further, when we include stellar-mass black holes in the sample, to examine the effects across the mass scale, we find a slightly stronger correlation with radio luminosity per unit mass and spin, at a marginal significance (2.3{sigma} confidence level). Finally, when we include neutron stars, in order to probe lower spin values, we find a positive correlation (3.3{sigma} confidence level) between radio luminosity per unit mass and spin. Although tentative, these results suggest that spin may have a role in determining the jet luminosity. In addition, we find a slightly more significant correlation (4.4{sigma} and 4.1{sigma} confidence level, respectively) between radio luminosity per bolometric luminosity and spin, as well as radio luminosity corrected for the fundamental plane (i.e., log ({nu}L{sub R}/L{sub Bol}{sup 0.67}/M{sub BH}{sup 0.78})) and spin, using our entire sample of black holes and neutrons stars. Again, although tentative, these relations point to the possibility that the mass accretion rate, i.e., bolometric luminosity, is also important in determining the jet luminosity, in addition to spin. Our analysis suggests that mass accretion rate and disk or coronal magnetic field strength may be the ''throttle'' in these compact systems, to which the Eddington limit and spin may set the maximum jet luminosity that can be achieved.
Improved Miscible Nitrogen Flood Performance Utilizing Advanced Reservoir Characterization and Horizontal Laterals in a Class I Reservoir - East Binger (Marchand) Unit
Joe Sinner
The DOE-sponsored project at the East Binger Unit is an investigation into the benefits of reservoir characterization and horizontal wells in this particular setting of geologic and recovery method. The geologic setting is a tight (average porosity of 7% and average permeability of less than 1 millidarcy) Pennsylvanian-age sandstone at about 10,000 feet, and the recovery method is a miscible nitrogen flood. The projected oil recovery of the East Binger Unit, prior to the initiation of this project, was about 25%. Gravity segregation of nitrogen and crude oil was believed to be the principal cause of the poor sweep efficiency, and it was envisioned that with horizontal producing wells in the lower portion of the reservoir and horizontal injection wells near the top, the process could be converted from a lateral displacement process to a vertical displacement/gravity assisted process. Through the characterization and field development work completed in Budget Periods 1 and 2, Binger Operations, LLC (BOL) has developed a different interpretation of the sweep problem as well as a different approach to improving recovery. The sweep problem is now believed to be one of an areal nature, due to a combination of natural and hydraulic fracturing. Vertical wells have provided a much better economic return than have the horizontal wells. The natural and hydraulic fracturing manifests itself as a direction of higher permeability, and the flood is being converted to a line drive flood aligned with this orientation. Consistent with this concept, horizontal wells have been drilled along the line of the fracture orientation, such that hydraulic fracturing leads to 'longitudinal' fractures, in line with the wellbore. As such, the hydraulically fractured horizontal wells are not significantly different than hydraulically fractured vertical wells - save for the potential for a much longer fracture face. This Topical Report contains data from new wells, plus new and updated production, pressure, and gas analysis data that was not included in the Topical Report provided at the end of Budget Period 1. The analysis and interpretation of these data are provided in the many technical reports submitted throughout this project.
Noncompact gauging of N=2 7D supergravity and AdS/CFT holography
Parinya Karndumri
Half-maximal gauged supergravity in seven dimensions coupled to $n$ vector multiplets contains $n+3$ vectors and $3n+1$ scalars parametrized by $\\mathbb{R}^+\\times SO(3,n)/SO(3)\\times SO(n)$ coset manifold. The two-form field in the gravity multiplet can be dualized to a three-form field which admits a topological mass term. Possible non-compact gauge groups take the form of $G_0\\times H\\subset SO(3,n)$ with a compact group $H$. $G_0$ is one of the five possibilities; $SO(3,1)$, $SL(3,\\mathbb{R})$, $SO(2,2)$, $SO(2,1)$ and $SO(2,2)\\times SO(2,1)$. We investigate all of these possible non-compact gauge groups and classify their vacua. Unlike the gauged supergravity without a topological mass term, there are new supersymmetric $AdS_7$ vacua in the $SO(3,1)$ and $SL(3,\\mathbb{R})$ gaugings. These correspond to new $N=(1,0)$ superconformal field theories (SCFT) in six dimensions. Additionally, we find a class of $AdS_5\\times S^2$ and $AdS_5\\times H^2$ backgrounds with $SO(2)$ and $SO(2)\\times SO(2)$ symmetries. These should correspond to $N=1$ SCFTs in four dimensions obtained from twisted compactifications of six-dimensional field theories on $S^2$ or $H^2$. We also study RG flows from six-dimensional $N=(1,0)$ SCFT to $N=1$ SCFT in four dimensions and RG flows from a four-dimensional $N=1$ SCFT to a six-dimensional SYM in the IR. The former are driven by a vacuum expectation value of a dimension-four operator dual to the supergravity dilaton while the latter are driven by vacuum expectation values of marginal operators.
Higher spins in AdS_5 at one loop: vacuum energy, boundary conformal anomalies and AdS/CFT
M. Beccaria; A. A. Tseytlin
We consider general-symmetry higher spin fields in AdS_5 and derive expressions for their one-loop corrections to vacuum energy E and the associated 4d boundary conformal anomaly a-coefficient. We a propose a similar expression for the second conformal anomaly c-coefficient. We show that all the three quantities (E, a, c) computed for N=8 gauged 5d supergravity are -1/2 of the values for N=4 conformal 4d supergravity and also twice the values for N=4 Maxwell multiplet. This gives 5d derivation of the fact that the system of N=4 conformal supergravity and four N=4 Maxwell multiplets is anomaly free. The values of (E, a, c) for the states at level p of Kaluza-Klein tower of 10d type IIB supergravity compactified on S^5 turn out to be equal to those for p copies of N=4 Maxwell multiplets. This may be related to the fact that these states appear in the tensor product of p superdoubletons. Under a natural regularization of the sum over p, the full 10d supergravity contribution is then minus that of the Maxwell multiplet, in agreement with the standard adjoint AdS/CFT duality (SU(n) SYM contribution is n^2-1 of one Maxwell multiplet). We also verify the matching of (E, a, c) for spin 0 and 1/2 boundary theory cases of vectorial AdS/CFT duality. The consistency conditions for vectorial AdS/CFT turn out to be equivalent to the cancellation of anomalies in the closely related 4d conformal higher spin theories. In addition, we study novel example of vectorial AdS/CFT duality when the boundary theory is described by free spin 1 fields and is dual to a particular higher spin theory in AdS_5 containing fields in mixed-symmetry representations. We also discuss its supersymmetric generalizations.
Swegle, J.; Tincher, D.
This is the first of three papers (in addition to an introductory summary) aimed at providing a framework for evaluating future reductions or modifications of the U.S. nuclear force, first by considering previous instances in which nuclear-force capabilities were eliminated; second by looking forward into at least the foreseeable future at the features of global and regional deterrence (recognizing that new weapon systems currently projected will have expected lifetimes stretching beyond our ability to predict the future); and third by providing examples of past or possible undesirable outcomes in the shaping of the future nuclear force, as well as some closing thoughts for the future. This paper examines the circumstances and consequences of the elimination of ? The INF-range Pershing II ballistic missile and Gryphon Ground-Launched Cruise Missile (GLCM), deployed by NATO under a dual-track strategy to counter Soviet intermediate-range missiles while pursuing negotiations to limit or eliminate all of these missiles. ? The Short-Range Attack Missile (SRAM), which was actually a family of missiles including SRAM A, SRAM B (never deployed), and SRAM II and SRAM T, these last two cancelled during an over-budget/behind-schedule development phase as part of the Presidential Nuclear Initiatives of 1991 and 1992. ? The nuclear-armed version of the Tomahawk Land-Attack Cruise Missile (TLAM/N), first limited to shore-based storage by the PNIs, and finally eliminated in deliberations surrounding the 2010 Nuclear Posture Review Report. ? The Missile-X (MX), or Peacekeeper, a heavy MIRVed ICBM, deployed in fixed silos, rather than in an originally proposed mobile mode. Peacekeeper was likely intended as a bargaining chip to facilitate elimination of Russian heavy missiles. The plan failed when START II did not enter into force, and the missiles were eliminated at the end of their intended service life. ? The Small ICBM (SICBM), or Midgetman, a road-mobile, single-warhead missile for which per-unit costs were climbing when it was eliminated under the PNIs. Although there were liabilities associated with each of these systems, there were also unique capabilities; this paper lays out the pros and cons for each. Further, we articulate the capabilities that were eliminated with these systems.
Non-nuclear power sources for deep space
Kennel, E.B.; Tang, C.; Santarius, J.F.
Electric propulsion and non-nuclear power can be used in tandem as a replacement for the current chemical booster and radioisotope thermoelectric generators now in use for deep space applications (i.e., to the asteroid belt and beyond). In current generation systems, electric propulsion is usually considered to be impractical because of the lack of high power for deep space, and non-nuclear power is thought to be impractical partly due to its high mass. However, when taken in combination, a solar powered electric upper stage can provide ample power and propulsion capability for use in deep space. Radioisotope thermoelectric generator (RTG) systems have generally been selected for missions only when other systems are absolutely unavailable. The disadvantages of radioisotopes include the need for nuclear safety as another dimension of concern in payload integration; the lack of assured availability of plutonium in the post-cold-war world; the enormous cost of plutonium-238; and the system complexity introduced by the need to continuously cool the system during the pre-launch phase. A conservative estimate for the total power for the solar array at beginning of life (BOL) may be in the range of 25 kW in order to provide 500 W continuous power at Jupiter. The availability of {approximately} 25 kW(e) in earth orbit raises the interesting possibility of coupling electric propulsion units to this free electric power. If electric propulsion is used to raise the probe from low-earth-orbit to an earth-escape trajectory, the system could actually save on low-earth orbit mass. Electric propulsion could be used by itself in a spiral trajectory orbit raising maneuver to earth escape velocity, or it could be used in conjunction with a chemical upper stage (either solid rocket or liquid), which would boost the payload to an elliptical orbit. The concept is to begin the Earth-Jupiter trip with a swing-by near the Sun close to the orbit of Venus and perhaps even closer if thermal loads can be tolerated. During the solar swing-by, much more power will be produced by the solar panels, allowing the spacecraft's velocity to be increased significantly. The outbound leg of the journey can, therefore, be made much more quickly than with the classical trajectory. For the purposes of a Jupiter mission, it is assumed that 20 km/sec total delta-v would be required. For a payload envelope of 17,304 kg, a 1,900 sec Isp capability means that 11,386 kg of propellant would have to be consumed, leaving 5,917 kg for the mass of the probe plus dry mass of the upper stage. The thruster subsystem would require 765 kg of thruster subsystem mass, and probably less. Assuming tanks, regulators and valves amount to 10% of the propellant mass (very likely a pessimistic assumption), it is possible to assign a mass of 1,150 kg for the tankage subsystem. This results in a mass allowance of at least 4,000 kg for the probe. This compares favorably with the dry mass of 1,637 kg for Galileo, for example, and suggests that more than adequate margin exists. If the payload margin is used for battery storage, flyby missions to the outer planets may be possible.
Nonproliferation, arms control and disarmament and extended deterrence in the new security environment
Pilat, Joseph F [Los Alamos National Laboratory
With the end of the Cold War, in a dramatically changed security environment, the advances in nonnuclear strategic capabilities along with reduced numbers and roles for nuclear forces has altered the calculus of deterrence and defense, at least for the United States. For many, this opened up a realistic possibility of a nuclear-free world. It soon became clear that the initial post-Cold War hopes were exaggerated. The world did change fundamentally, but it did not become more secure and stable. In place of the old Soviet threat, there has been growing concern about proliferation and terrorism involving nuclear and other weapons of mass destruction (WMD), regional conflicts, global instability and increasingly serious new and emerging threats, including cyber attacks and attacks on satellites. For the United States at least, in this emerging environment, the political rationales for nuclear weapons, from deterrence to reassurance to alliance management, are changing and less central than during the Cold War to the security of the United States, its friends and allies. Nuclear weapons remain important for the US, but for a far more limited set of roles and missions. As the Perry-Schlesinger Commission report reveals, there is a domestic US consensus on nuclear policy and posture at the highest level and for the near term, including the continued role of nuclear arms in deterring WMD use and in reassuring allies. Although the value of nuclear weapons has declined for the United States, the value of these weapons for Russia, China and so-called 'rogue' states is seen to be rising. The nuclear logic of NATO during Cold War - the need for nuclear weapons to counter vastly superior conventional capabilities of the Soviet Union and the Warsaw Pact - is today heard from Russians and even some proliferants. Moreover, these weapons present a way for rogues to achieve regional hegemony and possibly to deter interventions by the United States or others. While the vision of a nuclear-free world is powerful, both existing nuclear powers and proliferators are unlikely to forego nuclear weapons entirely in a world that is dangerous and uncertain. And the emerging world would not necessarily be more secure and stable without nuclear weapons. Even if nuclear weapons were given up by the United States and other nuclear-weapon states, there would continue to be concerns about the proliferation of nuclear, chemical and biological weapons, which would not disappear and could worsen. WMD terrorism would remain a concern that was largely unaffected by US and other nuclear-weapon decisions. Conventional capabilities would not disappear and the prospects for warfare could rise. In addition, new problems could arise if rogue states or other non-status-quo powers attempted to take advantage of moves toward disarmament, while friends and allies who are not reassured as in the past could reconsider their options if deterrence declined. To address these challenges, non- and counter-proliferation and counterterrorismincluding defenses and consequence management-are priorities, especially in light of an anticipated 'renaissance' in civil nuclear power. The current agenda of the United States and others includes efforts to: (1) Strengthen International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and its safeguards system; (2) Strengthen export controls, especially for sensitive technologies, by limiting the development of reprocessing and enrichment technologies and by requiring the Additional Protocol as a condition of supply; (3) Establish a reliable supply regime, including the possibility of multilateral or multinational ownership of fuel cycle facilities, as a means to promote nuclear energy without increasing the risks of proliferation or terrorism; (4) Implement effectively UN Security Council Resolution 1540; and (5) Strengthen and institutionalize the Proliferation Security Initiative and the Global Initiative to Combat Nuclear Terrorism. These and other activities are important in themselves, and are essential to maintaining and strengthening the Nonproliferati
Storage and turnover of organic matter in soil
Torn, M.S.; Swanston, C.W.; Castanha, C.; Trumbore, S.E.
Historically, attention on soil organic matter (SOM) has focused on the central role that it plays in ecosystem fertility and soil properties, but in the past two decades the role of soil organic carbon in moderating atmospheric CO{sub 2} concentrations has emerged as a critical research area. This chapter will focus on the storage and turnover of natural organic matter in soil (SOM), in the context of the global carbon cycle. Organic matter in soils is the largest carbon reservoir in rapid exchange with atmospheric CO{sub 2}, and is thus important as a potential source and sink of greenhouse gases over time scales of human concern (Fischlin and Gyalistras 1997). SOM is also an important human resource under active management in agricultural and range lands worldwide. Questions driving present research on the soil C cycle include: Are soils now acting as a net source or sink of carbon to the atmosphere? What role will soils play as a natural modulator or amplifier of climatic warming? How is C stabilized and sequestered, and what are effective management techniques to foster these processes? Answering these questions will require a mechanistic understanding of how and where C is stored in soils. The quantity and composition of organic matter in soil reflect the long-term balance between plant carbon inputs and microbial decomposition, as well as other loss processes such as fire, erosion, and leaching. The processes driving soil carbon storage and turnover are complex and involve influences at molecular to global scales. Moreover, the relative importance of these processes varies according to the temporal and spatial scales being considered; a process that is important at the regional scale may not be critical at the pedon scale. At the regional scale, SOM cycling is influenced by factors such as climate and parent material, which affect plant productivity and soil development. More locally, factors such as plant tissue quality and soil mineralogy affect decomposition pathways and stabilization. These factors influence the stability of SOM in part by shaping its molecular characteristics, which play a fundamental role in nearly all processes governing SOM stability but are not the focus of this chapter. We review here the most important controls on the distribution and dynamics of SOM at plot to global scales, and methods used to study them. We also explore the concepts of controls, processes, and mechanisms, and how they operate across scales. The concept of SOM turnover, or mean residence time, is central to this chapter and so it is described in some detail. The Appendix details the use of radiocarbon ({sup 14}C), a powerful isotopic tool for studying SOM dynamics. Much of the material here was originally presented at a NATO Advanced Study Institute on 'Soils and Global Change: Carbon Cycle, Trace Gas Exchange and Hydrology', held June 16-27, 1997, at the Chateau de Bonas, France.
Changes in Russia's Military and Nuclear Doctrine
Wolkov, Benjamin M. [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Balatsky, Galya I. [Los Alamos National Laboratory
In 1993, the Russian Federation set out a new military doctrine that would determine the direction of its armed forces until President Putin set out the next doctrine in 2000. The Russian Federation creating the doctrine was new; the USSR had recently collapsed, Gorbachev - the creator of the predecessor to this doctrine in 1987 - was out of office, and the new Russian military had only been formed in May, 1992.1 The analysis of the 1993 doctrine is as follows: a definition of how doctrine is defined; a short history of Russian military doctrine leading up to the 1993 doctrine (officially the Basic Provisions of the Military Doctrine of the Russian Federation); and finally, what the doctrine established. An overview of the 1993 doctrine is: (1) Russia's 1993 doctrine was a return to older, more aggressive doctrine as a result of stability concerns surrounding the recent collapse of the USSR; (2) Russia turned from Gorbachev's 'defensive defense' in the 1987 doctrine to aggressive defense with the option of preempting or striking back against an aggressor; (3) Russia was deeply concerned about how nationalism would affect the former Soviet Republics, particularly in respect to the ethnic Russians still living abroad; and (4) Nuclear doctrine pledged to not be the first to use nuclear weapons but provided for the potential for escalation from a conventional to a nuclear war. The 2000 doctrine (officially the Russian Federation Military Doctrine) was created in a more stable world than the 1993 doctrine was. The Russian Federation had survived independence and the 'threat of direct military aggression against the Russian Federation and its allies' had diminished. It had secured all of the nuclear weapons from its neighbors Ukraine, Belarus, and Kazakhstan, and had elected a new president, Vladimir Putin, to replace Boris Yeltsin. Yet, even as the doctrine took more defensive tones than the 1993 doctrine, it expanded its nuclear options. Below are a new definition of what doctrine meant in 2000 and an outline of the 2000 doctrine. An overview of the 2000 doctrine is: (1) The 2000 doctrine was a return to a more defensive posture; the threat of nuclear retaliation, rather than that of preemptive force, would be its deterrence; (2) In order to strengthen its nuclear deterrence, Russia extended and redefined the cases in which nuclear weapons could be used to include a wider range of conflict types and a larger spectrum of attackers; and (3) Russia's threats changed to reflect its latest fear of engaging in a limited conflict with no prospect of the use of nuclear deterrence. In 2006, the defense minister and deputy prime minister Sergei Ivanov announced that the government was starting on a draft of a future doctrine. Four years later, in 2010, the Military Doctrine of the Russian Federation was put into effect with the intent of determining Russian doctrine until 2020. The 2010 doctrine, like all previous doctrines, was a product of the times in which it was written. Gone were many of the fears that had followed Russia for the past two decades. Below are an examination of the 2010 definition of doctrine as well as a brief analysis of the 2010 doctrine and its deviations from past doctrines. An overview of the 2010 doctrine is: (1) The new doctrine emphasizes the political centralization of command both in military policy and the use of nuclear weapons; (2) Nuclear doctrine remains the same in many aspects including the retention of first-use; (3) At the same time, doctrine was narrowed to using nuclear weapons only when the Russian state's existence is in danger; to continue strong deterrence, Russia also opted to follow the United States by introducing precision conventional weapons; (4) NATO is defined as Russia's primary external threat because of its increased global presence and its attempt to recruit states that are part of the Russian 'bloc'; and (5) The 2000 doctrine's defensive stance was left out of the doctrine; rumored options for use of nuclear weapons in local wars and in preemptive strikes were also left out.