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Association between the social and communication impairments and repetitive/restricted interests and behaviours of ASD in a clinical sample: Does the triad still fit?
Kuenssberg, Renate Katherine Von
Introduction: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a behaviourally defined disorder characterised by impairments in three domains of social interaction, communication, and repetitive/restricted interests and behaviours (DSM-IV-TR; APA, 2000; ICD-10; WHO, 1992). Recent research suggests that this diagnostic triad may no longer fit as the best way to conceptualise ASD. Although not due for publication until 2013, a proposed revision of autistic disorder for DSM-V has merged three do...
Social Approach and Repetitive Behavior in Eleven Inbred Mouse Strains
Moy, Sheryl S.; Nadler, Jessica J.; Young, Nancy B.; Nonneman, Randal J.; Segall, Samantha K.; Andrade, Gabriela M.; Crawley, Jacqueline N.; Magnuson, Terry R.
Core symptoms of autism include deficits in social interaction, impaired communication, and restricted, repetitive behaviors. The repetitive behavior domain encompasses abnormal motoric stereotypy, an inflexible insistence on sameness, and resistance to change. In recent years, many genetic mouse models of autism and related disorders have been developed, based on candidate genes for disease susceptibility. The present studies are part of an ongoing initiative to develop appropriate behaviora...
Social Interaction and Repetitive Motor Behaviors
Loftin, Rachel L.; Odom, Samuel L.; Lantz, Johanna F.
Students with autism have difficulty initiating social interactions and may exhibit repetitive motor behavior (e.g., body rocking, hand flapping). Increasing social interaction by teaching new skills may lead to reductions in problem behavior, such as motor stereotypies. Additionally, self-monitoring strategies can increase the maintenance of…
Social communication deficits: Specific associations with Social Anxiety Disorder
Halls, Georgia; Cooper, Peter J.; Creswell, Cathy
Background Social communication deficits are prevalent amongst children with anxiety disorders; however whether they are over-represented specifically among children with Social Anxiety Disorder has not been examined. This study set out to examine social communication deficits among children with Social Anxiety Disorder in comparison to children with other forms of anxiety disorder. Methods Parents of 404 children with a diagnosed anxiety disorder completed the Social Communication Questionnaire (SCQ; Rutter, M., Bailey, A., Lord, C., 2003. The Social Communication Questionnaire – Manual. Western Psychological Services, Los Angeles, CA). Children with a diagnosis of Social Anxiety Disorder (n=262) and anxious children without Social Anxiety Disorder (n=142) were compared on SCQ total and subscale scores and the frequency of participants scoring above clinical cut-offs. Results Children with Social Anxiety Disorder scored significantly higher than anxious children without Social Anxiety Disorder on the SCQ total (t(352)=4.85, p<.001, d=.55, r=.27), Reciprocal Social Interaction (t(351)=4.73, p<.001, d=.55, r=.27), communication (t(344)=3.62, p<.001, d=.43, r=.21) and repetitive, restrictive and stereotyped behaviors subscales (t(353)=3.15, p=.002, d=.37, r=.18). Furthermore, children with Social Anxiety Disorder were three times more likely to score above clinical cut-offs. Limitations The participants were a relatively affluent group of predominantly non-minority status. The social communication difficulties measure relied on parental report which could be influenced by extraneous factors. Conclusions Treatments for Social Anxiety Disorder may benefit from a specific focus on developing social communication skills. Future research using objective assessments of underlying social communication skills is required. PMID:25451393
Repetition and Emotive Communication in Music Versus Speech
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Elizabeth HellmuthMargulis
Full Text Available Music and speech are often placed alongside one another as comparative cases. Their relative overlaps and disassociations have been well explored (e.g. Patel, 2010. But one key attribute distinguishing these two domains has often been overlooked: the greater preponderance of repetition in music in comparison to speech. Recent fMRI studies have shown that familiarity – achieved through repetition – is a critical component of emotional engagement with music (Pereira et al., 2011. If repetition is fundamental to emotional responses to music, and repetition is a key distinguisher between the domains of music and speech, then close examination of the phenomenon of repetition might help clarify the ways that music elicits emotion differently than speech.
Passing crisis and emergency risk communications: the effects of communication channel, information type, and repetition.
Edworthy, Judy; Hellier, Elizabeth; Newbold, Lex; Titchener, Kirsteen
Three experiments explore several factors which influence information transmission when warning messages are passed from person to person. In Experiment 1, messages were passed down chains of participants using five different modes of communication. Written communication channels resulted in more accurate message transmission than verbal. In addition, some elements of the message endured further down the chain than others. Experiment 2 largely replicated these effects and also demonstrated that simple repetition of a message eliminated differences between written and spoken communication. In a final field experiment, chains of participants passed information however they wanted to, with the proviso that half of the chains could not use telephones. Here, the lack of ability to use a telephone did not affect accuracy, but did slow down the speed of transmission from the recipient of the message to the last person in the chain. Implications of the findings for crisis and emergency risk communication are discussed. PMID:25683552
Technology and social communication
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Moore, G.A.
For centuries advances in what we now term media have generated concerns about the effect these advances have on values and morality-books, stage drama, movies, TV, and now computer-based fantasy and Internet-based distribution. These media comprise some of the most powerful agents for developing our fundamental strategies for living. Computer-based fantasy can provide waves of sensations that everyday life does not prepare us for; they create a wow effect. The implications are especially, strong for adolescents. Wow effects come to seem ordinary. We can easily overdose on them with a subsequent dulling of sensibility that motivates one to seek the next level. As the wow effect is numbed, socializing restrictions break down. A psychological strategy of distancing is one defense against enhanced imagery - a strategy of cool as antidote. The wow-cool dipole can foster a role as spectator that inhibits empathy and a fundamental distancing from the self. Technology - the source of our concerns-can also help to counteract them. The most powerful drive in children is to learn mastery of the world. New input and output devices and especially properly designed software can enhance the capacity to learn and to be creative, i.e. to gain mastery over the world. These powerful new modes of communication not only give us great access to the world, they give the world great access to us. We must supplant what is now mostly a passive broadcast system with interactive exploration and two-way communication.
Communicating science in social settings.
Scheufele, Dietram A
This essay examines the societal dynamics surrounding modern science. It first discusses a number of challenges facing any effort to communicate science in social environments: lay publics with varying levels of preparedness for fully understanding new scientific breakthroughs; the deterioration of traditional media infrastructures; and an increasingly complex set of emerging technologies that are surrounded by a host of ethical, legal, and social considerations. Based on this overview, I discuss four areas in which empirical social science helps clarify intuitive but sometimes faulty assumptions about the social-level mechanisms of science communication and outline an agenda for bench and social scientists--driven by current social-scientific research in the field of science communication--to guide more effective communication efforts at the societal level in the future. PMID:23940341
Social media as communicative genres
Stine Lomborg
As a focus of study, 'social media' tend to lack definitional clarity and grounding in theories of media and text. This paper establishes and discusses a conceptual framework for defining social media as communicative genres, constituted by the interplay between interactive functionalities configured at the software level and the invocation and appropriation of various software functionalities to achieve specific purposes in and through users' actual communicative practices. I ...
Sustainable social change and communication
Servaes, J.; Lie, R.
The article provides a survey of the field of sustainable social change and communication in the global context. It discusses the history of development communication as well as related policy and rights issues. It reviews approaches such as modernization, globalization and localization, multiplicity, and participation.
Communicating science in social settings
Scheufele, Dietram A.
This essay examines the societal dynamics surrounding modern science. It first discusses a number of challenges facing any effort to communicate science in social environments: lay publics with varying levels of preparedness for fully understanding new scientific breakthroughs; the deterioration of traditional media infrastructures; and an increasingly complex set of emerging technologies that are surrounded by a host of ethical, legal, and social considerations. Based on this overview, I dis...
Unsolicited Communication in Social Media
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Trzaskowski, Jan
This article discusses whether commercial communication in social media is covered by the European opt in-model concerning unsolicited electronic mail for direct marketing purposes found in the directive on privacy and electronic communications (2002/58). It is concluded that messages in social media – in contrast to news feeds and advertisements – may be characterised as electronic mail. However, the EU provisions on unsolicited electronic mail is found in the regulatory framework for telecommunication which as a starting point does not regulate web-based content such as social media services. The ban on unsolicited electronic mail does not apply to messaging systems in social media unless the system gives access to sending traditional e-mail. Until 12 June 2013, Member States could – in national law – uphold a broader definition of electronic mail in the light of the minimum harmonisation found in the distance selling directive (1997/7). Now, the use of electronic mail for direct marketing purposes in social media must be assessed in accordance with the full harmonisation in the unfair commercial practices directive (2005/29). This directive does not contain a ban on »unsolicited« but »unwanted« solicitations by e-mail and other remote media – i.e. an opt-out solution. The development in platforms such as Facebook shows that such social media services are also used by businesses to communicate and interact with their »fans«. This article discusses the application of the European spam-provisions in the context of social media. In that vein it is important to understand both the definition of electronic mail and the scope of application of the regulatory framework for telecommunication in which the ban is found. The Nordic Consumer Ombudsmen approached EU Commissioner John Dalli on 3 May 2012 with a view to encourage discussions on whether the defi nition of electronic mail set out in the directive on privacy and electronic communications1 is up-to-date. The letter was sent in connection to the publishing of a common Nordic position paper on marketing in social media. The preceding discussions among the consumer ombudsmen questioned inter alia whether unsolicited commercial communications sent to users' news feeds should be considered electronic mail or other un-solicited communications for the purposes of direct marketing. This and other related questions are dealt with in this article.
Communication and Social Regulation in Termites.
Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database
Bagneres, A. G.; Hanus, Robert
Cham : Springer, 2015 - (Aquiloni, L.; Tricarico, E.), s. 193-248 ISBN 978-3-319-17598-0 Institutional support: RVO:61388963 Keywords : termites * communication * chemical communication * pheromones * mechanical communication * social regulation Subject RIV: CC - Organic Chemistry
Repetitive Microteaching:Learning to Teach Elementary Social Studies
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Derek L. ANDERSON
Full Text Available The role of deliberate practice in the development of performance has been studied extensively in many contexts, such as in athletics. The construct of deliberate practice in the development of teacher performance has been receiving heightened examination lately, though the role of practice in the development of elementary social studies teachers remains essentially unexplored. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of a repeated practice microteaching model on the teaching behaviors of 64 elementary preservice teachers (PSTs who taught the same social studies lessons to small groups of 4th-grade students four times in succession. PST reflection journals from all PSTs, observational transcripts of 14 teaching pairs, focus group interviews with the PSTs, and informal cooperating teacher interviews revealed that the PSTs' lessons changed over the four successive teaching episodes. The PSTs became more comfortable and confident after teaching the same social studies lesson multiple times. PSTs also reported that their lessons became better, yet the qualitative data revealed that even though their teaching became more efficient and student work correctness improved, only a few PSTs increased the cognitive demand of their questions and activities. Nonetheless, most PSTs demonstrated increased use of social studies pedagogical content knowledge through their examples and discussions, as well as increased attention to student thinking. Repeated practice field experiences seem to hold potential for elementary PSTs to develop their use ofsocial studies pedagogical content knowledge
An Examination of the Relationship between Communication and Socialization Deficits in Children with Autism and PDD-NOS
Hattier, Megan A.; Matson, Johnny L.
Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs) are characterized by pervasive impairments in repetitive behaviors or interests, communication, and socialization. As the onset of these features occurs at a very young age, early detection is of the utmost importance. In an attempt to better clarify the behavioral presentation of communication and socialization…
Social networks: communication and change
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Gustavo Cardoso
Full Text Available Virtual social networks have brought about the possibility for open and plural debate, where all those with the necessary literacy skills and means are able to participate in the creation and dissemination of information. By pressing political agents and determining the "agenda" of a lot of the media, users demonstrate that we stand at an ideal platform for creating both real social movements and more or less fleeting events, as manifestos or virtual campaigns. Nonetheless, in order to understand the role of virtual social networks in today's world, we need to answer some prior questions. Are we facing a new communication model, whereby the product of "disinterested" interactivity creates an aura of confidence in disseminated information, often quite higher that that seen in the "old media"? Will that interactivity be a chance to fight-off citizens' growing detachment with regard to the "res publica"? Will we find in citizen-made journalism, transmitted through virtual social networks, the consecration of a true fourth power? On the other hand, can we call the distinct collective movements we have seen emerging true "social movements"?The present article aims to examine this and other issues that come to the fore in the intricate social world of cyberspace.
Assessment of Social Communication Skills in Preschoolers
Landa, Rebecca J.
This paper orients the reader to social communication assessment and reviews methods for assessing social communication behavior in children from toddlerhood through the preschool years. Most standardized, normed tests of language in this age range focus on morpho-syntactic and semantic comprehension and production abilities. While social…
Professionally Social Using social media for professional research communication
Lisbeth Klarstrup
In this short article, I will discuss what I consider the important characteristics, opportunities and challenges offered by social media when used for professional communication purposes. The insights – or perhaps rather points of discussion - put forth here are based on my own experiences as practicing social media communicator and Danish research blogger, as well as on my general research into the use of social media for professional communication purposes, by for instance Danish politic...
CSR communication through online social media
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Araceli Castelló-Martínez, Ph.D.
Full Text Available Online social networks such as Facebook and Twitter have become essential channels in business strategies. Corporate Social Responsibility communication faces new challenges in these spaces of the Web 2.0, where companies can interact with users, generate a brand community, increase their visibility, and strengthen their position in the market. This research study aims to analyse the way companies use the major online social media to communicate their Corporate Social Responsibility programmes. The methodology involves the examination of the presence in online social platforms and the online corporate reputation of ten companies/brands. The results show that companies use these spaces as channels for business and advertising communication, but not so much for Corporate Social Responsibility communication, despite these social media offer many possibilities for interaction and dialogue.
Communication Access to Health and Social Services
Parr, Susie; Pound, Carole; Hewitt, Alan
This article describes the efforts of a group of people in the United Kingdom at Connect-the communication disability network-to make health and social services more communicatively accessible to people with aphasia. The project involved listening to people with aphasia talk about their experiences with health and social care services and working…
Communication as social science (and more)
Calhoun, Craig
As often happens, I submitted my title before I knew what I wanted to talk about. I do want to speak about communication research as a field, but not only as a field of social science. To try to contain communication in actually existing social science would be to reduce it in unfortunate ways. But at the same time, as someone much invested in social science, I harbor hopes that communication research will be deeply and widely integrated into social science more generally. I belie...
How communication events shape social networks
Engel, Ofer
With the advent of communication technology, access to interaction and communication data has increased dramatically. We can now trace communication events such as sending and receiving emails, text messages, and other forms of interaction via ICT. But how can we use this data to understand the structure of social networks and their development?
Social communication and discrimination: A video experiment
Greiner, Ben; Güth, Werner; Zultan, Ro'i
We report on an experiment using video technology to manipulate pre-play communication protocols in the lab and to study purely social effects of communication on donations and discrimination between potential receivers. The experimental design eliminates strategic factors by allowing two receivers to unilaterally communicate with an anonymous dictator before the latter decides on her gifts. Through the use of three communication setups (none, audio, and audio-visual) we show and analyze the ...
Socialization and nonverbal communication in atypically developing infants and toddlers.
Konst, Matthew J; Matson, Johnny L; Goldin, Rachel L; Williams, Lindsey W
Emphasis on early identification of atypical development has increased as evidence supporting the efficacy of intervention has grown. These increases have also directly affected the availability of funding and providers of early intervention services. A majority of research has focused on interventions specific to an individual's primary diagnoses. For example, interventions for those with cerebral palsy (CP) have traditionally focused on physiological symptoms, while intervention for individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) focus on socialization, communication, and restricted interests and repetitive behaviors. However deficits in areas other than those related to their primary diagnoses (e.g., communication, adaptive behaviors, and social skills) are prevalent in atypically developing populations and are significant predictors of quality of life. Therefore, the purpose of the current study was to examine impairments in socialization and nonverbal communication in individuals with Down's syndrome (DS), CP, and those with CP and comorbid ASD. Individuals with comorbid CP and ASD exhibited significantly greater impairments than any diagnostic group alone. However, individuals with CP also exhibited significantly greater impairments than those with DS. The implications of these results are discussed. PMID:25200676
Communicating Corporate Social Responsibility – Brand management
Mark-herbert, Cecilia; Von Schantz, Carolina
Corporate action is subject to more scrutiny than ever. An attempt to legitimize the corporate role is seen in corporate social responsibility as a part of a triple bottom line framework. Corporate principles are communicated in various forms to a wide set of stakeholders. Ideally, what is communicated in terms of principles is also seen in business practice. In cases where the principles and actions differ, the platform for creating a brand territory is limited. The communication platf...
Social media in scholarly communication
Haustein, Stefanie; Sugimoto, Cassidy R.; Larivičre, Vincent
Social media metrics - commonly coined as "altmetrics" - have been heralded as great democratizers of science, providing broader and timelier indicators of impact than citations. These metrics come from a range of sources, including Twitter, blogs, social reference managers, post-publication peer review, and other social media platforms. Social media metrics have begun to be used as indicators of scientific impact, yet the theoretical foundation, empirical validity, and exte...
Dialogical communication and empowering social work practice.
Natland, Sidsel
How to succeed in facilitating for empowering processes within social work practice is a central topic in both theoretical discussions and regarding its principles in practice. With a particular focus on how dialogical communication can play a part in order to practice empowering social work, through this text the author frames HUSK as a project facilitating the underpinning humanistic approaches in social work. Dialogical communication and its philosophical base is presented and recognized as a means to achieve empowering social work as well as highlighting the importance of the humanistic approach. The author also underscores how HUSK projects in themselves were enabled because of the required collaboration between service users, professionals, and researchers that signified HUSK. This is pinpointed as having potential for a future research agenda as well as pointing at how the outcomes of the projects may impact future social work practice when the goal is to conduct empowering social work. PMID:25662084
Psycho-social impacts of virtual communication
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Macura Rajko
Full Text Available The emergence and spread of Internet communication has led to changes in social relationships, abuse of the Internet and maladaptive behavior. Among the authors who have studied the impact of these changes there is no consensus, and the results of their research are often contradictory. Some authors conclude that Internet communication strengthens networks of its users, while others believe that such communication leads to reduced participation in real social life. In a number of people, excessive use of the Internet adversely affects the mental health and social life and can lead to obsession at the expense of other aspects of life and creating addiction. The greatest risk of negative impacts of online communication is among children and young people. This paper is meant to indicate, the good sides as well as the negative consequences of excessive and non-functional Internet use
Social networks: communication and change
Gustavo Cardoso; Cláudia Lamy
Virtual social networks have brought about the possibility for open and plural debate, where all those with the necessary literacy skills and means are able to participate in the creation and dissemination of information. By pressing political agents and determining the "agenda" of a lot of the media, users demonstrate that we stand at an ideal platform for creating both real social movements and more or less fleeting events, as manifestos or virtual campaigns. Nonetheless, in order to u...
Pisces: Anonymous Communication Using Social Networks
Mittal, Prateek; WRIGHT, MATTHEW; Borisov, Nikita
The architectures of deployed anonymity systems such as Tor suffer from two key problems that limit user's trust in these systems. First, paths for anonymous communication are built without considering trust relationships between users and relays in the system. Second, the network architecture relies on a set of centralized servers. In this paper, we propose Pisces, a decentralized protocol for anonymous communications that leverages users' social links to build circuits for...
Social Stereotypes in Communicative Formulae: Sociometric Approach
Natalya Zavyalova
The focus of the article is centered on society through the prism of communication. Modern data extraction and information retrieval methods allow building a new vision of communicative process. The article is focused on the example of language idiom representations and omnibus survey, which help concentrate on the most stable human society ways of expression. There is also an attempt to carry out a comparative analysis of social features of the East and the West with the help of on-line nati...
Social identity framing: Leader communication for social change
Seyranian, Viviane
Social identity framing (SIF) delineates a process of intergroup communication that leaders may engage in to promote a vision of social change. As a step towards social change, social identity may need to be altered to accommodate a new view of the group, its collective goals, and its place alongside other groups. Thus, social identity content may be deconstructed and reconstructed by the leader en route to change. SIF suggests that this may be achieved through a series of 16 communication tactics, which are largely derived from previous research (Seyranian & Bligh, 2008). This research used an experimental design to test the effectiveness of three SIF communication tactics - inclusion, similarity to followers, and positive social identity - on a number of follower outcomes. Students ( N=246) were randomly assigned to read one of eight possible speeches promoting renewable energy on campus that was ostensibly from a student leader. The speeches were varied to include or exclude the three communication tactics. Following the speech, participants completed a dependent measures questionnaire. Results indicated that similarity to followers and positive social identity did not affect follower outcomes. However, students exposed to inclusion were more likely to indicate that renewable energy was ingroup normative; intend to engage in collective action to bring renewable energy to campus; experience positive emotional reactions towards change; feel more confident about the possibility of change; and to view the leader more positively. The combination of inclusion and positive social identity increased perceptions of charismatic leadership. Perceived leader prototypicality and cognitive elaboration of the leader's message resulted in more favorable attitudes towards renewable energy. Perceived leader prototypicality was also directly related to social identification, environmental values, ingroup injunctive norms, and self-stereotypes. Overall, these results support SIF theory by providing evidence that communication that implicates social identity (i.e., inclusion) is an important aspect of the leader-follower influence process and that it can be used to bring about changes such as promoting environmental conservation policies. Avenues of future research on SIF are discussed.
Social Constructivism, Positivism, and Facilitated Communication.
Whitehurst, Grover J.; Crone, Deanne A.
This response to Green and Shane (EC 609 759) and Biklen and Duchan (EC 609 760), which presented opposing views of facilitated communication (FC) with people having severe disabilities, focuses on science as viewed through positivist and constructivist lenses. The paper uses Biklen and Duchan's social constructivist approach to identify three…
Creativity, social networking and changing business communication
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Saif Hossain
Full Text Available This paper reviews literature on creativity, innovations, and creative organizations. An analytical approach has been undertaken using various articles to identify the need of innovation and creativity in today's world and how the innovation of social networking is changing business activities. Creativity and innovation are crucial factors for the endurance and progression of organizations in today's world. From the macroeconomic perspective, innovation is also related with economic growth, development of living standards and a country's international competiveness. The need for innovation is assisted by Information technology in a range of ways and in this contemporary era it is hard to separate innovation and technology due to its incredible offerings in all kinds of industries and sectors. One such innovation was 'social networking and social media.' In this epoch of social media, businesses are obliged to be extra transparent and more personal. This does not eradicate the need of customary advertising, but social networks allow an innovative form of communication which altered the approach of doing businesses. Businesses must concentrate on developing real and direct connections with customers. Companies which lag behind to change to this new trend and culture will be in damaging situation, as competitors will progressively try to reap the benefits out of it. All in all businesses need to adapt with the growing importance and impact of social networking as a means of communication.
The Communications of Corporate Social Responsability
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Mihaela Bucur
Full Text Available This paper present the role and interaction between communication and Corporate Social Responsibility, strengtheningin the same time that communication it is a key factor to begin and keep a proper Sustainable Development strategy. The importance of communication is essential, taking in consideration the awareness in the interior and in the exterior of organization strategy, ethical, ecological and socio-economical objectives, since information regarding the impact of the company's activities, products and services as well as regarding the impacts of changes that can supervene in time, can only be provided in this way. Since there are many ways to communicate regarding the actions of CSR, it is important to know what kind of messages and ideas can resonate with a certain audience, considering the stage in which the ISO 26000 standard's development stands.
Persistence of social signatures in human communication
Sarama?ki, J.; Leicht, Ea; Lo?pez, E.; Roberts, Sg; Reed-tsochas, F.; Dunbar, Ri
The social network maintained by a focal individual, or ego, is intrinsically dynamic and typically exhibits some turnover in membership over time as personal circumstances change. However, the consequences of such changes on the distribution of an ego's network ties are not well understood. Here we use a unique 18-mo dataset that combines mobile phone calls and survey data to track changes in the ego networks and communication patterns of students making the transition from school to univers...
Corporate Social Responsibility : Discourse, Narratives and Communication
Dobers, Peter; Springett, Delyse
The problematic and contestable nature of discourses on corporate social responsibility (CSR) has driven the commissioning of this special issue on discourses, narratives, and communication about CSR. While CSR may be seen as sharing normative goals with the concept of sustainable development, there are fundamental questions to be asked about the nature and purpose of CSR, how it has been constructed and framed, and whether it promotes the normative goals of sustainable development in order t...
Interpersonal Communication Relevance to Professional Development, in Social Systems
Manoela Popescu
Professional development is a desideratum both the organization and for each employee, in part, and interpersonal communication is the means of safe fulfillment, especially in social systems. No matter what ways of professional development are chosen, organizations (considered as major social systems) works on communication processes. Moreover, social systems are at the same time, communication systems. As so, the importance of interpersonal communication in providing professional development...
Social media in public diplomacy : survey on the social media communication of the Finnish missions abroad
Nurmi, Maria
Today, social media is changing the way people communicate by giving the influence to the hands of the people. For organizations, it means that the issues of stakeholders are the focus of the communication, not the organizations. The question no longer is whether to use social media in public relations, but how to use it. In this research the social media communication of the Finnish missions abroad is studied. The missions have implemented social media as a part of their communication m...
Social Stereotypes in Communicative Formulae: Sociometric Approach
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Natalya Zavyalova
Full Text Available The focus of the article is centered on society through the prism of communication. Modern data extraction and information retrieval methods allow building a new vision of communicative process. The article is focused on the example of language idiom representations and omnibus survey, which help concentrate on the most stable human society ways of expression. There is also an attempt to carry out a comparative analysis of social features of the East and the West with the help of on-line national languages' corpuses. Omnibus survey results testify to the fact that low income people are reluctant to admit the influence of idioms on their day-to-day communicative practices, while rich people stress the significance of stable communicative formulae in their life. Societies are described through their attitude to labor, expressed in the idioms with a 'hand' component. With the help of electronic linguistic corpuses (Corpus of the Internet and business Chinese, KOTONOHA (Balanced Corpus of Contemporary Written Japanese, BNC (British National Corpus, COCA (Corpus of Contemporary American English the research analyzes labor stereotypes on the basis of idiom frequency indexes. In practice the results of this study can be implemented in a special socio-cultural dictionary, where the most frequent idioms are given as social stereotypes and the most powerful symbolic tools of influence and manipulation. The results of these findings are relevant to multicultural societies, migration adaptation practices and global business development. The research results have been processed into a database, marked with the Rospatent Certificate (No. 2013620397, dated 03/13/2013. Rightholder: Limited Liability Company 'Content-Press' (RU. First Author: Yakovlev Igor Gennadievich (RU. Second Author: Zavyalova Natalya Alekseevna (RU.
Social referencing and cat-human communication.
Merola, I; Lazzaroni, M; Marshall-Pescini, S; Prato-Previde, E
Cats' (Felis catus) communicative behaviour towards humans was explored using a social referencing paradigm in the presence of a potentially frightening object. One group of cats observed their owner delivering a positive emotional message, whereas another group received a negative emotional message. The aim was to evaluate whether cats use the emotional information provided by their owners about a novel/unfamiliar object to guide their own behaviour towards it. We assessed the presence of social referencing, in terms of referential looking towards the owner (defined as looking to the owner immediately before or after looking at the object), the behavioural regulation based on the owner's emotional (positive vs negative) message (vocal and facial), and the observational conditioning following the owner's actions towards the object. Most cats (79 %) exhibited referential looking between the owner and the object, and also to some extent changed their behaviour in line with the emotional message given by the owner. Results are discussed in relation to social referencing in other species (dogs in particular) and cats' social organization and domestication history. PMID:25573289
Time Horizon and Social Scale in Communication
Krantz, D. H.
In 2009 our center (CRED) published a first version of The Psychology of Climate Change Communication. In it, we attempted to summarize facts and concepts from psychological research that could help guide communication. While this work focused on climate change, most of the ideas are at least partly applicable for communication about a variety of natural hazards. Of the many examples in this guide, I mention three. Single-action bias is the human tendency to stop considering further actions that might be needed to deal with a given hazard, once a single action has been taken. Another example is the importance of group affiliation in motivating voluntary contributions to joint action. A third concerns the finding that group participation enhances understanding of probabilistic concepts and promotes action in the face of uncertainty. One current research direction, which goes beyond those included in the above publication, focuses on how time horizons arise in the thinking of individuals and groups, and how these time horizons might influence hazard preparedness. On the one hand, individuals sometimes appear impatient, organizations look for immediate results, and officials fail to look beyond the next election cycle. Yet under some laboratory conditions and in some subcultures, a longer time horizon is adopted. We are interested in how time horizon is influenced by group identity and by the very architecture of planning and decision making. Institutional changes, involving long-term contractual relationships among communities, developers, insurers, and governments, could greatly increase resilience in the face of natural hazards. Communication about hazards, in the context of such long-term contractual relationships might look very different from communication that is first initiated by immediate threat. Another new direction concerns the social scale of institutions and of communication about hazards. Traditionally, insurance contracts share risk among a large number of insurees: each contributes a small premium toward a fund that is adequate to cover the large losses that occasionally occur. Participatory processes are needed that extend risk sharing to larger social scales and that reduce adversarial relationships between insurers, insurees, insurance regulators, and governments that intervene or fail to intervene on an ad hoc rather than a contractual basis.
The Role of Social Media in the Communication of Leaders
Viktil, Joachim
This thesis explores the impact of social media on leadership. For this purpose, it presents a new model for the communication of leaders. This builds on the empirical finding; that leaders must optimize two elements in order to communicate effectively; communication channel and communication style. It then seeks to explore the impact of social media on this model. On a general level, this impact is categorized into five subparts; openness, transparency, personification, power, and control. O...
Transformation of Science Communication in the Age of Social Media
Kulczycki, Emanuel
The aim of the present article is to discuss several consequences of the Open Science from a perspective of science communication and philosophy of communication. Apart from the purely communicative and philosophical issues, the paper deals with the questions that concern the science popularization process through social media (especially Twitter and blogs). The article consists of three sections: the first one suggests a definition of science communication and social media, the second examin...
Social Factors and Leukocyte DNA Methylation of Repetitive Sequences: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis
Subramanyam, Malavika A; Diez-Roux, Ana V.; Pilsner, J Richard; Villamor, Eduardo; Donohue, Kathleen M.; Liu, Yongmei; Jenny, Nancy S.
Epigenetic changes are a potential mechanism contributing to race/ethnic and socioeconomic disparities in health. However, there is scant evidence of the race/ethnic and socioeconomic patterning of epigenetic marks. We used data from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis Stress Study (N?=?988) to describe age- and gender- independent associations of race/ethnicity and socioeconomic status (SES) with methylation of Alu and LINE-1 repetitive elements in leukocyte DNA. Mean Alu and Line ...
Social cognition and communication skills in Asperger syndrome young adults
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Mónica Figueira
Full Text Available The aim of this study is to compare patients with Asperger syndrome (AS and control participants on social cognition tasks and communication skills. Twenty young adults were assessed in three social cognition domains; recognition of basic emotions, recognition of complex emotions and Theory of Mind (ToM. In addition participants completed a self-report questionnaire as a measure of social communication skills. The results indicate that adults with AS perform below neurotypical control participants in emotion processing, ToM and communication skills. There were no significant correlations between the variables of social cognition and communication skills in the group of AS. Taken together, results suggest that people with a diagnosis of AS present a deficit in ToM and emotional processing as well as in communication skills. However, it was not possible to identify a significant association between the variables of social cognition and communication skills.
Social Communication Difficulties and Autism Spectrum Disorder in Young Children with Optic Nerve Hypoplasia and/or Septo-Optic Dysplasia
Parr, Jeremy R.; Dale, Naomi J.; Shaffer, Lara M.; Salt, Alison T.
Aim: The aim of this study was to study systematically social, communication, and repetitive/restrictive (SCRR) behavioural difficulties and clinical autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in children with optic nerve hypoplasia (ONH) and/or septo-optic dysplasia (SOD), and to investigate the relationship between visual impairment, SCRR difficulties, ASD,…
Social-Communicative Effects of the Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS) in Autism Spectrum Disorders
Lerna, Anna; Esposito, Dalila; Conson, Massimiliano; Russo, Luigi; Massagli, Angelo
Background: The Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS) is a common treatment choice for non-verbal children with autism. However, little empirical evidence is available on the usefulness of PECS in treating social-communication impairments in autism. Aims: To test the effects of PECS on social-communicative skills in children with autism,…
Repetitive Behavior in Rubinstein-Taybi Syndrome: Parallels with Autism Spectrum Phenomenology
Waite, Jane; Moss, Joanna; Beck, Sarah R.; Richards, Caroline; Nelson, Lisa; Arron, Kate; Burbidge, Cheryl; Berg, Katy; Oliver, Chris
Syndrome specific repetitive behavior profiles have been described previously. A detailed profile is absent for Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome (RTS). The Repetitive Behaviour Questionnaire and Social Communication Questionnaire were completed for children and adults with RTS (N = 87), Fragile-X (N = 196) and Down (N = 132) syndromes, and individuals…
Stegobot: construction of an unobservable communication network leveraging social behavior
Nagaraja, Shishir; Piyawongwisal, Pratch; Singh, Vijit; Agarwal, Pragya; Borisov, Nikita
We propose the construction of an unobservable communications network using social networks. The communication endpoints are vertices on a social network. Probabilistically unobservable communication channels are built by leveraging image steganography and the social image sharing behavior of users. All communication takes place along the edges of a social network overlay connecting friends. We show that such a network can provide decent bandwidth even with a far from optimal routing mechanism such as restricted flooding. We show that such a network is indeed usable by constructing a botnet on top of it, called Stegobot. It is designed to spread via social malware attacks and steal information from its victims. Unlike conventional botnets, Stegobot traffic does not introduce new communication endpoints between bots. We analyzed a real-world dataset of image sharing between members of an online social network. Analysis of Stegobot's network throughput indicates that stealthy as it is, it is also functionally p...
Corporate social responsibility as communicational strategy
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Moraes, Jorge C. [PETROBRAS, Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil)
Based on a concrete case, the negotiation of compensation and reparation for environmental damage in the state of Rio de Janeiro, this paper deals with the role of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) as main strategic instrument to set up a relationship among state, businesses and the civil society in the process of licensing and deploying gas pipelines. In this kind of process, a few cultural aspects, such as a social pattern based in philanthropy and paternalism, make difficult for any agreement to be reached among the stake holders. As a result, the process of licensing becomes slow and fragile. In some cases, negotiation ends up unsuccessful. This mental model coexists with an imperious need for investments in energy, leading to a hard contradiction between a traditional behavior and the surge of modern consumerism habits. Besides, local legislation and bureaucracy allow for few or no options to solve the conflict. In this context, as will be seen, CSR is a preferential way to establish fruitful dialog. By means of Corporate Social Investments (CSI), it is possible to create a common experience of local development among entrepreneurs, the state and the community, by this breaking communication barriers and providing alternatives to solve the original contradiction. (author)
Leaders and Social Media : Improving HRM through better internal communication
Westman, Daniel; Lindfors, Peter
The purpose of this study is to create understanding for how social media affects the relationship between employees and leaders in organizations, and how social media could be used to improve internal communication. We also want to explore how this type of internal communication could be implemented in large organizations. From a theoretical perspective our ambition is to see how our findings relate to the theoretical field of internal communication and human resource management. The empiric...
Social psychological concepts in the context of intercultural communication
Ethington, Lanaya L.
Increased communication between people of different cultures has led to the development of the field of intercultural studies. The field is interdisciplinary in nature, as it draws from theories by scholars in other fields, one of which is social psychology. This dissertation examines aspects of social psychology that are particularly relevant to intercultural communication, as a greater understanding of certain social psychological concepts may increase the effectiveness of intercultural int...
How scientists use social media to communicate their research
Van Eperen Laura; Marincola Francesco M
Abstract Millions of people all over the world are constantly sharing an extremely wide range of fascinating, quirky, funny, irrelevant and important content all at once. Even scientists are no strangers to this trend. Social media has enabled them to communicate their research quickly and efficiently throughout each corner of the world. But which social media platforms are they using to communicate this research and how are they using them? One thing is clear: the range of social media platf...
Putting the Social Sciences into Science Communication Courses.
Stocking, S. Holly
Although the social sciences have become legitimate sources of science news, many journalism instructors of science communication do not believe the social sciences warrant special or required attention in their courses. This is unfortunate, for the social sciences are important enough and different enough to require both their inclusion and…
Language and Social Inclusion: Unexplored Aspects of Intercultural Communication
Musgrave, Simon; Bradshaw, Julie
Social inclusion policy in Australia has largely ignored key issues of communication for linguistic minorities, across communities and with the mainstream community. In the (now disbanded) Social Inclusion Board's reports (e.g., Social Inclusion Unit, 2009), the emphasis is on the economic aspects of inclusion, while little attention has been…
Word-of-Mouth Communication and Social Learning
Fudenberg, Drew; Ellison, Glenn
This paper studies the way that word-of-mouth communication aggregates the information of individual agents. We find that the structure of the communication process determines whether all agents end up making identical choices, with less communication making this conformity more likely. Despite the players' naive decision rules and the stochastic decision environment, word-of-mouth communication may lead all players to adopt the action that is on average superior. These socially efficient out...
Impacto de la ansiedad social, las habilidades sociales y la cibervictimización en la comunicación online (Impact of Social Anxiety, Social Skills and Cyberbullying on Online Communication)
Raúl Navarro; Santiago Yubero
The present research examined online communication behaviour in a sample of preadolescents (10-12 years, n= 812). In addition, we examined the effect of social anxiety, social skills and experiences of cyberbullying on online communication behaviour. Online communication measures included items related to time online, platforms used, relationships and motives to go online. Social anxiety was assessed using the Social Anxiety Scale of Children Revised, social skills were measured using the Mat...
New-age patient communications through social networks.
Ogburn, Kelin M; Messias, Erick; Buckley, Peter F
Suicide prevention continues to be a significant clinical challenge in the care of psychiatric patients, particularly among youth. New patterns of interactions and communications using online social networks create opportunities for persons to indicate their mood, their opinions, and also to express ideation and plans about suicide. We report a case of a suicide attempt and how communications through online social networks initiated treatment and affected its outcome. We discuss advantages and challenges to clinicians regarding use social networks and electronic communication in patient care. PMID:21596215
PROBLEMS OF MODERN DOCUMENTAL COMMUNICATION (cultural-and-social aspects
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Sergey Petrovich Kushneruk
Full Text Available Some results of the official-and-business texts' qualities revealed on communication level are presented in this article. The system of axes used for national-and-social evaluations of the business communicative instruments is under analysis. The influences of unstable social-and-cultural conditions on technological and organizational circumstances of document-oriented communication are analyzed. Some results of the out-of-officinal factors origin' and level's evaluation in their influence on unified forms and textual peculiarities of communicative acts in the forms of "business papers" are presented.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/2218-7405-2013-7-44
The social gradient in doctor-patient communication
Verlinde Evelyn; De Laender Nele; De Maesschalck Stéphanie; Deveugele Myriam; Willems Sara
Abstract Objective In recent years, the importance of social differences in the physician-patient relationship has frequently been the subject of research. A 2002 review synthesised the evidence on this topic. Considering the increasing importance of social inequalities in health care, an actualization of this review seemed appropriate. Methods A systematic search of literature published between 1965 and 2011 on the social gradient in doctor-patient communication. In this review social class ...
Visualizing Communication on Social Media: Making Big Data Accessible
McKelvey, Karissa; Rudnick, Alex; Conover, Michael D.; Menczer, Filippo
The broad adoption of the web as a communication medium has made it possible to study social behavior at a new scale. With social media networks such as Twitter, we can collect large data sets of online discourse. Social science researchers and journalists, however, may not have tools available to make sense of large amounts of data or of the structure of large social networks. In this paper, we describe our recent extensions to Truthy, a system for collecting and analyzing ...
Standardizing ADOS Domain Scores: Separating Severity of Social Affect and Restricted and Repetitive Behaviors
Hus, Vanessa; Gotham, Katherine; Lord, Catherine
Standardized Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS) scores provide a measure of autism severity that is less influenced by child characteristics than raw totals (Gotham et al. in "Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders," 39(5), 693-705 2009). However, these scores combine symptoms from the Social Affect (SA) and Restricted…
Communication Strategies via Social Media : The case study of Tomorrowland
Kazakulova, Yulia; Kuhn, Erik
Background: In the past decade, Social Media has been an interesting Internet phenomenon. Social Media has increased the ability for Internet users to communicate and interact with one another, allowing them to overcome boundaries that once made communication difficult and slow. It has become a big part of everyday life and has fundamentally changed the way we send and receive information. This transformation has led to businesses acknowledging the need for a change in the way they communicat...
New challenges for contemporary architecture: interdisciplinarity – innovation – social communication
Szpytma, Cezary
This paper refers to seeking new possibilities for contemporary architecture to develop. The discussed problems focus on interdisciplinarity, innovation, social communication as elements indispensable for development. The arti cle applies to the essence and the notion of relations between these elements. The presented examples illustrate selected design problems. Social communication is described as the determ inant of modern society development based on information flow. Two projects are...
Strategic Communication and Social Media: An MBA Course from a Business Communication Perspective
Meredith, Michael J.
Social media offers an exciting new area for our discipline to produce research and pedagogy that is in high demand by students, industry constituents, and other disciplines. This article discusses why business communication scholars should focus on social media as an important stream of study and outlines an MBA course in social media strategy…
Understanding Team Communication Characteristics using Social Network Analysis
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
An important aspect of human behavior in nuclear power plants (NPPs) is team interaction since operating NPPs involves the coordination of several team members among and within workplaces. Since operators in main control room (MCR) get a great deal of information through communication to perform a task, communication is one of the important characteristics for team characteristics. Many researchers have been studying how to understand the characteristics of communication. Social network analysis (SNA) which is considered as an objective and easily applicable method has been already applied in many fields to investigate characteristics of team communication. Henttonen (2010) has struggled to perform the research on the impact of social networks in a team and he found some team communication characteristics could be obtained using some properties of SNA. In this paper, SNA is used to understand communication characteristics within operators in NPPs
Strategies for Teaching Social and Emotional Intelligence in Business Communication
Sigmar, Lucia Stretcher; Hynes, Geraldine E.; Hill, Kathy L.
Incorporating social and emotional skills (EI) training into the business communication curriculum is important for preparing students to function effectively in a global workplace with its complex informal networks, intercultural issues, team emphasis, and participatory leadership. EI skills enhance communication behavior in work groups and…
The communications model of using social network by sports clubs
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
S. Kowalski
Full Text Available This article presents a model of marketing communications using social network by sports clubs. It presents the links between the sports club and its environment and uses of the Internet to promote it. The model of communication is composed of the elements responsible for the success of marketing in the web. Article also includes recommendations for using the model in practice.
Face Scanning Distinguishes Social from Communication Impairments in Autism
Falck-Ytter, Terje; Fernell, Elisabeth; Gillberg, Christopher; Von Hofsten, Claes
How closely related are the social and communicative impairments in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)? Recent findings in typically developing children suggest that both types of impairment are highly heritable but have only moderate behavioural and genetic overlap. So far, their respective roles in social perception are poorly understood. Here we…
Social Responsibility in Advertising: A Marketing Communications Student Perspective
Kendrick, Alice; Fullerton, Jami A.; Kim, Yeo Jung
Although advertising has played a key role in bringing corporate social responsibility (CSR) to the public agenda on behalf of agency clients, little effort has been made to define what social responsibility means in advertising. A national survey of 1,045 advertising and marketing communications students from 176 colleges and universities were…
[Communicative and social behavior of speech disordered children].
Eiberger, W; Hügel, H
The spheres covering behaviour disorders, social behaviour and communicative behaviour of speech impaired pupils which until now have been analyzed on a more theoretical level, ought to be studied using psychometric testing procedures and an esperimental observational situation in order to gain base data with which to set up a concrete catalogue of aims (learning program) based on the deficits thereby obtained. The study took place at the special school in Esslinger-Berkheim (Baden-Wurttemberg). By taking into account relevant specialized literature and the results of other studies, the following general hypotheses were advanced, namely, that the communication of speech handicapped children is troubled in respect of its content and relation, and that their social behaviour shows more egoistic than cooperative features. In order to determine social motivations and attitudes, we used Muller's "Social Motivation Test" (SMT) and Jorger's "Group test for the social attitude" (S-E-T). Due to the inconsistency between the attitudes measured by means of psychometric methods and the sbusequent free and genuine behaviour, an observational situation was developed during which the pupils, either in pairs or in groups of four and using puppets, took turns in thinking up a story, discussing the plot, roles, etc. and finally putting on the play. The whole was then analyzed by means of tape recordings and film shots, the interaction of the communicating partners being analyzed and categorized in two separate assessment stages: communicative behaviour and social behaviour. The pragmatic axioms of P. Watzlawick, the communication researcher, functioned as theoretical background. Flanders's linear time diagram was used as assessment system. Communicative and social learning aims were prepared in accordance with confirming hypotheses to enable a "preliminary area" for the practical work in (special) education to be defined. In addition, a rough outline was made of the conditional areas pertaining to social and communicative education of the speech impaired for the purpose of carrying out a systematic change. PMID:748191
A multidirectional communication model: implications for social marketing practice.
Thackeray, Rosemary; Neiger, Brad L
The landscape of sending and receiving information has changed dramatically in the past 25 years. The communication process is changing from being unidirectional to multidirectional as consumers are becoming active participants by creating, seeking, and sharing information using a variety of channels and devices. The purpose of this article is to describe how this shift in the communication process- where gatekeepers control the creation and content of information and consumers are less active recipients to one that reflects a multidirectional and more dynamic process with participative consumers-will affect the social marketing process. This shift in communication does not represent an option for social marketers so much as a necessity. As professionals respond to this evolving communication model, the practice of social marketing can remain vibrant as a relevant consumer-oriented approach to behavior change. PMID:19372278
Nonverbal social communication and gesture control in schizophrenia.
Walther, Sebastian; Stegmayer, Katharina; Sulzbacher, Jeanne; Vanbellingen, Tim; Müri, René; Strik, Werner; Bohlhalter, Stephan
Schizophrenia patients are severely impaired in nonverbal communication, including social perception and gesture production. However, the impact of nonverbal social perception on gestural behavior remains unknown, as is the contribution of negative symptoms, working memory, and abnormal motor behavior. Thus, the study tested whether poor nonverbal social perception was related to impaired gesture performance, gestural knowledge, or motor abnormalities. Forty-six patients with schizophrenia (80%), schizophreniform (15%), or schizoaffective disorder (5%) and 44 healthy controls matched for age, gender, and education were included. Participants completed 4 tasks on nonverbal communication including nonverbal social perception, gesture performance, gesture recognition, and tool use. In addition, they underwent comprehensive clinical and motor assessments. Patients presented impaired nonverbal communication in all tasks compared with controls. Furthermore, in contrast to controls, performance in patients was highly correlated between tasks, not explained by supramodal cognitive deficits such as working memory. Schizophrenia patients with impaired gesture performance also demonstrated poor nonverbal social perception, gestural knowledge, and tool use. Importantly, motor/frontal abnormalities negatively mediated the strong association between nonverbal social perception and gesture performance. The factors negative symptoms and antipsychotic dosage were unrelated to the nonverbal tasks. The study confirmed a generalized nonverbal communication deficit in schizophrenia. Specifically, the findings suggested that nonverbal social perception in schizophrenia has a relevant impact on gestural impairment beyond the negative influence of motor/frontal abnormalities. PMID:25646526
Online Friendship Formation, Communication Channels, and Social Closeness
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Ilan Talmud
Full Text Available Studies of the quality of online social relationships are divided in their conclusions regarding the strength of social ties. Early conceptualizations described the weakness of electronic media in supporting social ties. By contrast, others have emphasized the compensating character of the Internet for specific social groups. This study investigated differences between adolescents who created online friendships and those who did not, and how far the place where a friend was met (online or face to face was related to the quality of social relationships, namely the perceived strength of social ties. Examining the dyadic friendship structure of a representative sample of Israeli adolescents, the study provides important contributions to the rapidly growing literature on online social relationships in general, and on youth networks in particular. The results support the social compensation approach to the study of online social relationship formation. The motivation for online friendship formation proved to be related to adolescents' attempts to compensate for a lack of social support by using the Internet for communication. Furthermore, while face-to-face relationships remained highly important, for those adolescents who found in the Internet others with whom they developed intimacy, online ties were strong and meaningful. Additionally, adolescents with strong virtual ties were found to be distinctive in their social background. Our findings call for a qualification of the theoretical approach to online social ties, and imply that it is not the technology per se that obstructs or facilitates the formation of social friendship but the social embeddedness of the ties.
Communication, Social Justice, and Joyful Commitment
Hartnett, Stephen John
Combining an overview of the history of communication scholarship with lessons learned from 20 years of experience as a prison abolitionist and peace activist, Hartnett argues that the discipline of communication can be enriched intellectually and made more politically relevant by turning our efforts toward community service, problem-based…
[Social media and health communication: do we need rules?].
Santoro, Eugenio
Social media, online social networks and apps for smartphones and tablets are changing the way to communicate health and health issues to consumers and health professionals. Google, Facebook, Apple, and other companies have launched tools to make easier the doctor-patient communication, to group patients with similar diseases allowing them to share stories, experiences, and opinions, and to remotely track and monitor users health and wellbeing. However several concerns about patients' and consumers' privacy remain. Doctor-patient communication through e-mail and social media also introduces other ethical and privacy issues that were addressed only by few medical societies with appropriate guidelines and policies. In addition, pharmaceutical companies have started to use social media channels to communicate with doctors, patients and consumers. This type of communication has been only partially regulated by the Food and Drug Administration with the recently published guidelines for industries. Similar concerns exist for health and medical applications for smartphones and tablets for which only few agencies (including Food and Drug Administration) are requiring a formal (even if restricted in typology) validation. It's time for Europe and Italy to adopt appropriate guidelines for the use of the new media in health communication. PMID:25621774
The expert game -- Cooperation in social communication
Bendtsen, Kristian Moss; Haerter, Jan O
Large parts of professional human communication proceed in a request-reply fashion, whereby requests contain specifics of the information desired while replies can deliver the required information. However, time limitations often force individuals to prioritize some while neglecting others. This dilemma will inevitably force individuals into defecting against some communication partners to give attention to others. Furthermore, communication entirely breaks down when individuals act purely egoistically as replies would never be issued and quest for desired information would always be prioritized. Here we present an experiment, termed "The expert game", where a number of individuals communicate with one-another through an electronic messaging system. By imposing a strict limit on the number of sent messages, individuals were required to decide between requesting information that is beneficial for themselves or helping others by replying to their requests. In the experiment, individuals were assigned the task t...
CSR Communication Strategies for Organizational Legitimacy in Social Media
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Colleoni, Elanor
Purpose – Organization legitimacy is a general reflection of the relationship between an organization and its environment. By adopting an institutional approach and defining moral legitimacy as "a positive normative evaluation of the organization and its activities", the goal of this paper is to investigate which corporate communication strategy adopted in online social media is more effective to create convergence between corporations' corporate social responsibility (CSR) agenda and stakeholders' social expectations, and thereby, to increase corporate legitimacy. Design/methodology/approach – Using the entire Twitter social graph, a network analysis was carried out to study the structural properties of the CSR community, such as the level of reciprocity, and advanced data mining techniques, i.e. topic and sentiment analysis, were carried out to investigate the communication dynamics. Findings – Evidence was found that neither the engaging nor the information strategies lead to alignment. The assumption of the more the dialog, the more the communality seems to fail to portray the complexity of the communicational dynamics, such as the persistence of different, or simply a dialog without alignment. Empirical findings show that, even when engaging in a dialogue, communication in social media is still conceived as a marketing practice to convey messages about companies. Originality/value – This paper originally investigates organizational legitimacy in the context of social media by applying advanced data-mining techniques that allow the analysis of large amounts of information available online.
How scientists use social media to communicate their research
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Van Eperen Laura
Full Text Available Abstract Millions of people all over the world are constantly sharing an extremely wide range of fascinating, quirky, funny, irrelevant and important content all at once. Even scientists are no strangers to this trend. Social media has enabled them to communicate their research quickly and efficiently throughout each corner of the world. But which social media platforms are they using to communicate this research and how are they using them? One thing is clear: the range of social media platforms that scientists are using is relatively vast and dependent on discipline and sentiment. While the future of social media is unknown, a combination of educated speculation and persuasive fact points to the industry's continual growth and influence. Thus, is that not only are scientists utilizing social media to communicate their research, they must. The ability to communicate to the masses via social media is critical to the distribution of scientific information amongst professionals in the field and to the general population.
Music goes social! : music startups' viewpoints on marketing communications, social media and music industry
Vermasheina?, Kaisa
This thesis studies Finnish music industry startups' viewpoints on marketing communica-tions and social media, as well as their views on the future of the music business. Four Finland based music industry startups were interviewed for the study. Separate chapters deal with the framework of the study: marketing communications, social media and music industry. During the past few years a number of startup companies have been established in Finland with the aim of providing online and dig...
Corporate Social Responsibility Communication and Perception: Media and Risks
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Banu Dincer
Full Text Available The study aims to examine how Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR projects are perceived from both an individual and organizational perspective. Using the framework used in studies on diffusion of innovations, the spread of CSR projects are examined. An online survey to identify individuals' CSR and communication channel perception as well as interviews with CSR practitioners to have an organizational perspective is realized. Companies are using CSR as a tool to meet various objectives such as crisis management and recruiting talent. The CSR perception among individuals is shaped by interpersonal and mass media communication; companies are perceived as responsible if their communication is rich in information. The information sources are mostly television and radio but there is a growing part of online channels as well. The study also suggests several possibilities for future research including the role of social networks and social media platforms in the diffusion of CSR.
Future cooperative communication systems driven by social mobile networks
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Blázovics, L.; Varga, C.
In this work we are underlining the importance of social mobile networks for upcoming cooperative communication systems. The assumption of this work is that future mobile communication systems will incorporate user cooperation, i.e. a combination of cellular access in parallel with ongoing short range links to the neighboring devices. It has been shown that user cooperation enables higher data rates, better spectral efficiencies, and reduces the energy consumption of the mobile unit. In this work the social mobile networks are identified to be a fertile ground to facilitate the cooperative use cases. By the example of the Gedda-Headz gaming community, possible links between cooperative mobile communication and social mobile networks are shown.
Social Presence in the Web-Based Classroom: Implications for Intercultural Communication
Yildiz, Senem
Social presence is a theory derived from social psychology to explain social interactions in a mediated communication and is defined as the degree to which interlocutors in a communications medium perceive each other as real. This study investigates the effect of computer-mediated communication on the social presence of international students who…
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Marin Carmen
Full Text Available Socialization online sites have become important landmarks for people all around the world and of all ages, especially for youth. Users of such services can socialize with people they know or with unknown, people located in the vicinity or at different distances, even on different continents. In other words, social online sites help people to interact with others of their kind, to know people who have the same passions as they have. The access to such sites is free and the members can build profiles (which include data on name, age, hobbies or favorite books and movies and can share photos, music or videos with the others. A friend is, in the language of the socialization sites, any user who has a link to his/her profile page. Users can send messages or can leave comments on other profiles. In some cases, people who meet on such sites decide to meet also in the real life.
New Media and Leadership: Social Media and Open Organizational Communication
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Viorica Pau?
Full Text Available This paper aims to identify and analyze the extent to which new media have penetrated the Romanian organizations' internal communication and have influenced the leadership. We intend also to consider how social media becomes a tool for organizational communication and contributes to the creation of a new kind of leadership associated with open communication. We start from the premise that new media and social media can contribute to the leader's mission to create around him a vision and makes others to share this vision. In terms of open communication, the external image of organization reflects, in part, leadership practices within the organization. It is about the exercise of the shared collective leadership (Don Tapscott, 1996 that should strengthen the organization position.
Scholarly communication and social work in the Google era
Jan Steyaert
Scholarly communication and social work in the Google era In this text, we outline how new media has an impact on international scholarly communication and focus on how these changes (can) influence the traditional gap between research and practice. We do so by describing the dreams of yesterday, the facts of today and the possible consequences for the near future. The most significant development on the interface between science and information technology is not so much the increase...
Intellectual capital communication: evidence from social and sustainability reporting
Passetti, Emilio; Tenucci, Andrea; Cinquini, Lino; Frey, Marco
The purpose of this study is to investigate the level and quality of intellectual capital information communicated through social and sustainability report for a sample of 37 Italian listed company over two years (2005 and 2006). The study use the resource based theory to explain the relationship between corporate social responsibility and intellectual capital. Content analysis is applied through a multidimensional framework composed by three main disclosure profiles(time orientation, n...
When internal communication becomes multi-vocal. : A study of coworker communication on internal social media
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Madsen, Vibeke ThŘis
The aim of this paper is to present the findings of an exploratory case study of communication on internal social media within the Danish bank, Jyske Bank. The study involved an analysis of staff interaction on internal social media over three months, as well as interviews with 17 of the bank's employees. The study not only answers questions about who participates in internal social media and the content of their communication, it also shows that when organizational culture and management support coworker communication, internal social media becomes a multi-vocal rhetorical arena where coworkers are likely to converse about how to solve product and customer-related challenges, and to discuss working conditions. In addition, this study shows that coworkers co-construct organizational identity when they discuss questions such as: Who are we as an organization? Which products should we provide for the customers? And how do we distinguish ourselves from the competitors?
Repetitive behavior in rubinstein-taybi syndrome: parallels with autism spectrum phenomenology.
Waite, Jane; Moss, Joanna; Beck, Sarah R; Richards, Caroline; Nelson, Lisa; Arron, Kate; Burbidge, Cheryl; Berg, Katy; Oliver, Chris
Syndrome specific repetitive behavior profiles have been described previously. A detailed profile is absent for Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome (RTS). The Repetitive Behaviour Questionnaire and Social Communication Questionnaire were completed for children and adults with RTS (N = 87), Fragile-X (N = 196) and Down (N = 132) syndromes, and individuals reaching cut-off for autism spectrum disorder (N = 228). Total and matched group analyses were conducted. A phenotypic profile of repetitive behavior was found in RTS. The majority of behaviors in RTS were not associated with social-communication deficits or degree of disability. Repetitive behavior should be studied at a fine-grained level. A dissociation of the triad of impairments might be evident in RTS. PMID:25491025
Repetitive Self-Grooming Behavior in the BTBR Mouse Model of Autism is Blocked by the mGluR5 Antagonist MPEP
Silverman, Jill L.; Tolu, Seda S.; Barkan, Charlotte L.; Crawley, Jacqueline N.
Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by abnormal reciprocal social interactions, communication deficits, and repetitive behaviors with restricted interests. BTBR T+tf/J (BTBR) is an inbred mouse strain that shows robust behavioral phenotypes with analogies to all three of the diagnostic symptoms of autism, including well-replicated deficits in reciprocal social interactions and social approach, unusual patterns of ultrasonic vocalization, and high levels of repetitive self-gr...
The Geospatial Characteristics of a Social Movement Communication Network
Conover, Michael D; Ferrara, Emilio; McKelvey, Karissa; Menczer, Filippo; Flammini, Alessandro
Social movements rely in large measure on networked communication technologies to organize and disseminate information relating to the movements' objectives. In this work we seek to understand how the goals and needs of a protest movement are reflected in the geographic patterns of its communication network, and how these patterns differ from those of stable political communication. To this end, we examine an online communication network reconstructed from over 600,000 tweets from a thirty-six week period covering the birth and maturation of the American anticapitalist movement, Occupy Wall Street. We find that, compared to a network of stable domestic political communication, the Occupy Wall Street network exhibits higher levels of locality and a hub and spoke structure, in which the majority of non-local attention is allocated to high-profile locations such as New York, California, and Washington D.C. Moreover, we observe that information flows across state boundaries are more likely to contain framing lang...
Social Communication in Mice – Are There Optimal Cage Conditions?
Ferhat, Allain-Thibeault; Le Sourd, Anne-Marie; de Chaumont, Fabrice; Olivo-Marin, Jean-Christophe; Bourgeron, Thomas; Ey, Elodie
Social communication is heavily affected in patients with neuropsychiatric disorders. Accordingly, mouse models designed to study the mechanisms leading to these disorders are tested for this phenotypic trait. Test conditions vary between different models, and the effect of these test conditions on the quantity and quality of social interactions and ultrasonic communication is unknown. The present study examines to which extent the habituation time to the test cage as well as the shape / size of the cage influence social communication in freely interacting mice. We tested 8 pairs of male mice in free dyadic social interactions, with two habituation times (20 min and 30 min) and three cage formats (rectangle, round, square). We tested the effect of these conditions on the different types of social contacts, approach-escape sequences, follow behavior, and the time each animal spent in the vision field of the other one, as well as on the emission of ultrasonic vocalizations and their contexts of emission. We provide for the first time an integrated analysis of the social interaction behavior and ultrasonic vocalizations. Surprisingly, we did not highlight any significant effect of habituation time and cage shape / size on the behavioral events examined. There was only a slight increase of social interactions with the longer habituation time in the round cage. Remarkably, we also showed that vocalizations were emitted during specific behavioral sequences especially during close contact or approach behaviors. The present study provides a protocol reliably eliciting social contacts and ultrasonic vocalizations in adult male mice. This protocol is therefore well adapted for standardized investigation of social interactions in mouse models of neuropsychiatric disorders. PMID:25806942
Social media in an integrated marketing communication strategy
Lopez Y Gonzalez, Manuel
The objective of this research work is to find out how to integrate social media in Off-Road's Finnmark marketing communications. One of the aims of this research is to help the case company to increase the usage of social media in their marketing strategy. The next objective is to develop a marketing strategy for Off-Road Finnmark, in order to assist the organization to implement social media. Relevant articles and literature was reviewed in order to have data to develop the lite...
Involving Parents in Teaching Social Communication Skills to Young Children
Weiss, Amy L.; Theadore, Geraldine
This article focuses on why and how speech-language pathologists and other professionals can encourage the involvement of parents in teaching social communication skills to their young children. Four main topics are explored: (1) the evidence that many of the children with special needs served by speech-language pathologists and other…
Visualizing Communication on Social Media: Making Big Data Accessible
McKelvey, Karissa; Conover, Michael D; Menczer, Filippo
The broad adoption of the web as a communication medium has made it possible to study social behavior at a new scale. With social media networks such as Twitter, we can collect large data sets of online discourse. Social science researchers and journalists, however, may not have tools available to make sense of large amounts of data or of the structure of large social networks. In this paper, we describe our recent extensions to Truthy, a system for collecting and analyzing political discourse on Twitter. We introduce several new analytical perspectives on online discourse with the goal of facilitating collaboration between individuals in the computational and social sciences. The design decisions described in this article are motivated by real-world use cases developed in collaboration with colleagues at the Indiana University School of Journalism.
Understanding social distance in intercultural communication
Guille?n Nieto, Victoria
Desde mediados del siglo XX ha ido creciendo progresivamente el interés por el estudio de la comunicación intercultural desde una perspectiva multidisciplinar. Dicho interés académico se ha visto fortalecido por el proceso de globalización que la sociedad está experimentando hoy en día, así como por el proceso de convergencia entre los países que conforman la Unión Europea y el fenómeno social de la inmigración masiva hacia occidente. La comunicación intercultural aborda el estu...
Creativity, social networking and changing business communication
Saif Hossain
This paper reviews literature on creativity, innovations, and creative organizations. An analytical approach has been undertaken using various articles to identify the need of innovation and creativity in today's world and how the innovation of social networking is changing business activities. Creativity and innovation are crucial factors for the endurance and progression of organizations in today's world. From the macroeconomic perspective, innovation is also related with economic growth, d...
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This article deals with the studying of the peculiarities of social and communicative competence in teenage years. The paper provides the results of the comparative analysis of the peculiarities of social and communicative competence of teenagers with different thinking styles.
The Influence of Communicative Competence on Perceived Task, Social and Physical Attraction.
Duran, Robert L.; Kelly, Lynne
Examines whether communicative competence influences perceived task, social, and physical attractiveness. Results indicated that communicative competence accounted for 17 percent, 14 percent and 8 percent of the variance in perceived task, social, and physical attractiveness, respectively. (MM)
Social communication intervention effects vary by dependent variable type in preschoolers with autism spectrum disorders
Yoder, Paul J; Bottema-Beutel, Kristen; Woynaroski, Tiffany; Chandrasekhar, Rameela; Sandbank, Michael
Individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) have difficulty communicating in ways that are primarily for initiating and maintaining social relatedness (i.e., social communication). We hypothesized that the way researchers measured social communication would affect whether treatment effects were found. Using a best evidence review method, we found that treatments were shown to improve social communication outcomes approximately 54% of the time. The probability that a treatment affected s...
A Social Science Guide for Communication on Climate Change
St John, C.; Marx, S.; Markowitz, E.
Researchers from the Center for Research on Environmental Decisions (CRED) published "The Psychology of Climate Change Communication: A Guide for Scientists, Journalists, Educators, Political Aides, and the Interested Public" in 2009. This landmark guide provided climate change communicators a synthesis of the social science research that was pertinent to understanding how people think about climate change and how the practice could be improved. In the fall of 2014 this guide will be rereleased, with a new title, and in a partnership between CRED and ecoAmerica. The updated guide addresses how and why Americans respond in certain ways to climate change and explains how communicators can apply best practices to their own work. The guide, which includes research from a range of social science fields including psychology, anthropology, communications, and behavioral economics, is designed to be useful for experienced and novice communicators alike. Included in the guide are strategies to boost engagement, common mistakes to avoid, and best practices that organizations around the world have used to meaningfully engage individuals and groups on climate change. The proposed presentation will provide an overview of the main findings and tips from the 2014 climate change communication guide. It will provide a deeper look at a few of the key points that are crucial for increasing audience engagement with climate change including understanding how identity shapes climate change, how to lead with solutions, and how to bring the impacts of climate change close to home. It will highlight tips for motivating positive behavior change that will lead people down the path toward solutions. Finally, it will address the benefits and challenges associated with producing a communication guide and insight into synthesizing social science research findings into a usable format for a variety of audiences.
Influence and Dissemination Of Sentiments in Social Network Communication Patterns
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Hillmann, Robert; Trier, Matthias
Previous research suggests the existence of sentiments in online social networks. In comparison to real life human interaction, in which sentiments have been shown to have an influence on human behaviour, it is not yet completely understood which mechanisms explain how sentiments influence users in online environments. We develop a theoretical framework that tries to bridge the gap between social influence theories that focus on offline interactions on one hand and online interaction in social networks on the other hand. We then test our hypothesis about the influence and dissemination of sentiments in a quantitative analysis that is based on retrieved textual messages of communication patterns in over 12000 online social networks. Our empirical results suggest a general influence of sentiments on node communication patterns that is evidenced by increased occurrences of subsequent messages that express the same sentiment polarization. We interpret these findings and suggest future research to advance our currently limited theories that assume perceived and generalized social influence to path-dependent social influence models that consider actual behaviour.
Corporate Social Responsibility, Reputation, and Moral Communication : A Constructivist View
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Schultz, Friederike
Conditions and notions of corporate reputation underwent in the last years a fundamental change. Economic and technological processes of globalization, modernization, and rationalization enforced the institutionalization of corporate social responsibility (CSR) in the corporate world. It is often assumed, that CSR positively affects corporate reputation and leads to financial benefits, although empirical evidence and an appropriate conceptualization of reputation are often missing. This chapter discusses the relation between CSR and reputation by taking a meta-perspective: it presents and critically discusses insights from instrumental perspectives and from political-normative perspectives (legitimacy, business ethics). It alternatively develops a constructivist communication view on CSR, building on the "communication constitutes organizations" perspective and a non-dualist turn. It argues that CSR is a symbolically mediated, communicative event, which, based on the underlying dynamics of moral communication, does not simply produce reputation, but also result in dysfunctional effects.
The communication of meaning in social systems
Leydesdorff, Loet
The sociological domain is different from the psychological one insofar as meaning can be communicated at the supra-individual level (Schutz, 1932; Luhmann, 1984). The computation of anticipatory systems enables us to distinguish between these domains in terms of weakly and strongly anticipatory systems with a structural coupling between them (Maturana, 1978). Anticipatory systems have been defined as systems which entertain models of themselves (Rosen, 1985). The model provides meaning to the modeled system from the perspective of hindsight, that is, by advancing along the time axis towards possible future states. Strongly anticipatory systems construct their own future states (Dubois, 1998a and b). The dynamics of weak and strong anticipations can be simulated as incursion and hyper-incursion, respectively. Hyper-incursion generates "horizons of meaning" (Husserl, 1929) among which choices have to be made by incursive agency.
Social Media and Strategic Market Communications of Festivals
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Gyimóthy, Szilvia; Larson, Mia
Since the emerging omnipresence of social media usage in Western societies, marketers have been eager to harness the strategic communication potential of new media (e.g. blogs, wikis, visual content sharing sites and online communities. This is also apparent in event tourism; for instance music festivals have proved to be early adopters of Facebook fan sites and Twitter in order to distribute information, campaigns and celebrity rumors to their potential visitors in an inexpensive way. On the other hand, the strategic use of social media has also been hypothesized to be paved with a number of challenges. In order to fill a void of empirical studies of managing festival communications, this paper explores how social media is used as a tool for marketing and service innovation. By conducting focus groups and personal interviews with larger music events (Storsjöyran, Way Out West and Roskilde festival), we investigate current practices, perceived risks and opportunities for revitalizingevent communications in general. During the inventory phase of the research project, two distinctive fields of knowledge gaps have been identified, namely (1) the effect and efficiency measurement methods in a social medial mix and (2) dilemmas of crowdsourcing as an institutionalized practice.
Comunicaçăo social e vacinaçăo Social communication and vaccination
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Cristina Maria Vieira da Rocha
Full Text Available As campanhas de imunizaçăo vęm passando, ao longo dos anos, por um processo de aperfeiçoamento, especialmente com o advento dos dias nacionais de vacinaçăo contra a poliomielite, realizados a partir de 1980. Há uma preocupaçăo com o resultado do esforço em convocar pais e responsáveis por crianças menores de cinco anos. Várias estratégias săo utilizadas. Foi criada uma marca que simbolizava, inicialmente, o compromisso com a erradicaçăo da poliomielite e, posteriormente, com todas as vacinas previstas para o primeiro ano de vida. Foi o marco da comunicaçăo que buscava dar unidade a esse processo sem perder as características mais localizadas. O Zé Gotinha é, até hoje, símbolo de vacina. Para além da polęmica sobre se campanha educa ou deseduca, fica o saldo positivo de uma experięncia e a certeza de que é preciso buscar os motivos, continuar pesquisando, identificando metodologias e técnicas de maior aproximaçăo com a populaçăo para que ela perceba a oferta de serviços e açőes de saúde como direito de cidadania.Over the years, various efforts have been made to improve immunization campaigns, especially through the 1980 introduction of National Vaccination Days against polio. Concern has been shown over the results of attempts to reach parents and others responsible for children under the age of five, and a variety of strategies have been tried. A trademark was created in Brazil, at first symbolic of the commitment to eradicate polio and, later, linked to all vaccines that should be administered during the first year of a child's life. This use of communication tools represents an endeavor to lend unity to the process without overriding local characteristics. Even today, Zé Gotinha symbolizes vaccines in Brazil. Leaving aside the controversy over whether campaigns inform or disinform, the experience has left its positive mark, clearly showing us it is necessary to explore motivations, advance research, and identify methodologies and techniques that will reach the general public and help people perceive that health services and activities are a citizen's right.
Social behavior and pheromonal communication in reptiles.
Mason, Robert T; Parker, M Rockwell
The role of pheromones in orchestrating social behaviors in reptiles is reviewed. Although all reptile orders are examined, the vast majority of the literature has dealt only with squamates, primarily snakes and lizards. The literature is surprisingly large, but most studies have explored relatively few behaviors. The evolution of chemical signaling in reptiles is discussed along with behaviors governed by pheromones including conspecific trailing, male-male agonistic interactions, sex recognition and sex pheromones, and reptilian predator recognition. Nonreptilian prey recognition by chemical cues was not reviewed. The recent literature has focused on two model systems where extensive chemical ecology studies have been conducted: the reproductive ecology of garter snakes and the behavioral ecology of Iberian lacertid lizards. In these two systems, enough is known about the chemical constituents that mediate behaviors to explore the evolution of chemical signaling mechanisms that affect life history patterns. In addition, these models illuminate natural and sexual selection processes which have lead to complex chemical signals whose different components and concentrations provide essential information about individuals to conspecifics. Reptiles provide excellent candidates for further studies in this regard not only in squamates, but also in the orders where little experimental work has been conducted to date. PMID:20585786
Impacto de la ansiedad social, las habilidades sociales y la cibervictimización en la comunicación online (Impact of Social Anxiety, Social Skills and Cyberbullying on Online Communication
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Raúl Navarro
Full Text Available The present research examined online communication behaviour in a sample of preadolescents (10-12 years, n= 812. In addition, we examined the effect of social anxiety, social skills and experiences of cyberbullying on online communication behaviour. Online communication measures included items related to time online, platforms used, relationships and motives to go online. Social anxiety was assessed using the Social Anxiety Scale of Children Revised, social skills were measured using the Matson Questionnaire subscale and cyberbullying using the Victimization Scale via Internet. The results show that the group with high social skills and low levels of anxiety spend more time communicating online and use instant messages to talk to friends. In contrast, the online behaviour of the group with high levels of anxiety and low social skills are more motivated to communicate online by their desire to make new friends. Cybervictims spend more time online, use chat rooms and communicate more with strangers than those who do not suffer cyberbullying. These findings suggest that the Internet offers opportunities to maintain and extend social networks but also exposes young people to online risks.
Internal Communication and Social Dialogue in Knowledge-Based Organizations
Cismaru, Diana-maria; Leovaridis, Cristina
Knowledge-based organizations are constructed on intangible assets, such as the expertise and the values of the employees. As a consequence, motivation and professional excellence of employees are the main objectives of management teams. For this type of organizations, considered as true "knowledge systems", the employees represent the most valuable resource that is not motivated only through financial means, but also through internal communication, autonomy or social rewards. The researc...
Corporate Social Responsibility Communication and Perception: Media and Risks
Banu Dincer; Caner Dincer
The study aims to examine how Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) projects are perceived from both an individual and organizational perspective. Using the framework used in studies on diffusion of innovations, the spread of CSR projects are examined. An online survey to identify individuals' CSR and communication channel perception as well as interviews with CSR practitioners to have an organizational perspective is realized. Companies are using CSR as a tool to meet various objectives su...
The evolution of reproductive restraint through social communication
Werfel, Justin; Bar-Yam, Yaneer
The evolution of altruistic behavior through group selection is generally viewed as possible in theory but unlikely in reality, because individual selection favoring selfish strategies should act more rapidly than group selection favoring cooperation. Here we demonstrate the evolution of altruism, in the form of conditional reproductive restraint based on an explicitly social mechanism, modulated by intrapopulation communication comprising signal and evolved response, in a spatially distribut...
Social media in marketing communications planning for entrepreneurs
Paajanen, Jenni
The study consisted of both primary and secondary research. Firstly, the secondary research findings introduce the reader into the topic by explaining the most relevant facts and linking the following three subject areas: Marketing Communications, Entrepreneurship and Social Media. To support the theoretical findings, the primary research achieved the exploratory purpose of the research. The key aim of the primary research was to gain a better understanding of how entrepreneurs use and manage...
Supporting Social Competence in Children Who Use Augmentative and Alternative Communication
King, Amie M.; Fahsl, Allison J.
Children with complex and severe communication impairments often cannot meet their communication needs with their natural voice and may require the use of augmentative and alternative communication (AAC). There are many communication and learning challenges facing children who use AAC; however, using AAC for social communication is especially…
Canal*Motoboy, Săo Paulo (Brazil: communication for social change
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Alisson DIAS GOMES
Full Text Available Nowadays, reference media faces the alternative media propagation, which uses different means and it is based on the work of independent producers who target the information democratization in every possible format at no cost and created by «common citizens». The Canal*Motoboy, a project by the Catalan Antoni Abad, is an example of this kind of communication. He aims to consolidate an open structure in order to give voice to motoboys from Săo Paulo (SP, Brazil. After being properly trained and by using their multimedia cell phones, they register their routine on Canal*Motoboy website. This article analyzes the progress of this project, based on the communication for social change, once the right to freedom of expression, historically, has been expropriated from citizens on account of the expansion of communication conglomerates. The methodological approach will consist of observation and deep interview technique, as well as literature review.
Social gating of sensory information during ongoing communication.
Anders, Silke; Heussen, Yana; Sprenger, Andreas; Haynes, John-Dylan; Ethofer, Thomas
Social context plays an important role in human communication. Depending on the nature of the source, the same communication signal might be processed in fundamentally different ways. However, the selective modulation (or "gating") of the flow of neural information during communication is not fully understood. Here, we use multivoxel pattern analysis (MVPA) and multivoxel connectivity analysis (MVCA), a novel technique that allows to analyse context-dependent changes of the strength interregional coupling between ensembles of voxels, to examine how the human brain differentially gates content-specific sensory information during ongoing perception of communication signals. In a simulated electronic communication experiment, participants received two alternative text messages during fMRI ("happy" or "sad") which they believed had been sent either by their real-life friend outside the scanner or by a computer. A region in the dorsal medial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC) selectively increased its functional coupling with sensory-content encoding regions in the visual cortex when a text message was perceived as being sent by the participant's friend, and decreased its functional coupling with these regions when a text message was perceived as being sent by the computer. Furthermore, the strength of neural encoding of content-specific information of text messages in the dmPFC was modulated by the social tie between the participant and her friend: the more of her spare time a participant reported to spend with her friend the stronger was the neural encoding. This suggests that the human brain selectively gates sensory information into the relevant network for processing the mental states of others, depending on the source of the communication signal. PMID:25315788
Time allocation in social networks: correlation between social structure and human communication dynamics
Miritello, Giovanna; Moro, Esteban
Recent research has shown the deep impact of the dynamics of human interactions (or temporal social networks) on the spreading of information, opinion formation, etc. In general, the bursty nature of human interactions lowers the interaction between people to the extent that both the speed and reach of information diffusion are diminished. Using a large database of 20 million users of mobile phone calls we show evidence this effect is not homogeneous in the social network but in fact, there is a large correlation between this effect and the social topological structure around a given individual. In particular, we show that social relations of hubs in a network are relatively weaker from the dynamical point than those that are poorer connected in the information diffusion process. Our results show the importance of the temporal patterns of communication when analyzing and modeling dynamical process on social networks.
Time Allocation in Social Networks: Correlation Between Social Structure and Human Communication Dynamics
Miritello, Giovanna; Lara, Rubén; Moro, Esteban
Recent research has shown the deep impact of the dynamics of human interactions (or temporal social networks) on the spreading of information, opinion formation, etc. In general, the bursty nature of human interactions lowers the interaction between people to the extent that both the speed and reach of information diffusion are diminished. Using a large database of 20 million users of mobile phone calls we show evidence this effect is not homogeneous in the social network but in fact, there is a large correlation between this effect and the social topological structure around a given individual. In particular, we show that social relations of hubs in a network are relatively weaker from the dynamical point than those that are poorer connected in the information diffusion process. Our results show the importance of the temporal patterns of communication when analyzing and modeling dynamical process on social networks.
Los nuevos medios de comunicación social: las redes sociales / The new media for Social Communication: the social networking
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Antonio Pantoja Chaves
Full Text Available Resumen: En el intercambio de testigo que están realizando los medios de comunicación tradicionales y las redes sociales no sólo se está produciendo una simple sustitución, ni tan siquiera una transmutuación como comúnmente se está queriendo entender. Como en todo proceso, están surgiendo nuevas propiedades que en el ámbito de la comunicación se relacionan con principios como la deslocalización, la imprevisión, la inmediatez o la interacción. Unas cualidades sobre las que reflexionaremos en el siguiente artículo, con la intención de adecuar su definición en el entorno de los nuevos medios de comunicación social.Abstract: In the exchange of witness being done by traditional media and social networking is not only producing a simple substitution, not even one as commonly transmutuación is trying to understand. As in any process, properties that are emerging in the field of communication principles as they relate to relocation, unpredictability, immediacy or interaction. Qualities on which we reflect in the following article, with the intention to adapt its definition in the setting of new media.
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Purice Suzana
Full Text Available In our days, the electronic communication media is important because the communication forms based on interactivity lead the participants in the act of sending and receiving information to become more than simply issuers, listeners or viewers, integrating them into a dynamic system. In this approach, the study paper aims to prove the relationship between personal development and that of society determined by the new interactive communication instruments. At the individual level, training, education, health, interpersonal relationships are easier to be acquired and amplified Also, the local communities, companies, educational institutions or non-profit organizations increasingly approach themselves to the citizens, receive their problems and try to solve them efficiently. On the other hand, the expansion of the modern means of communication became possible by the steadily decreasing costs of information and of the appropriate management technologies. Virtual communities may, however, only partially replace the traditional communities and the direct physical interaction between people, because online connections are made between people, not between places. Moreover, a high degree of interconnection involves the spreading of ideas, links and various discoveries or improvements of some already existing equipment and processes. The content of this study paper is created using secondary sources of information – with limited and also limiting feature – in an office research, the areas of analysis being studied separately. The result of the study paper is to evidence the fact that the interest for the interactive electronic communication is increasing. We support the idea that such communication contributes to business development in a particular field, in the social sector, but it is better to be aware of its less desirable effects from which we can notice the loss of privacy, the identity theft, the aggressive promotion etc. In our opinion, in this study paper we only partially achieved to highlight the increasingly strong relationship between communication, interactivity and electronic media and, therefore, we hope that this demarche will be continued in other research.
An Investigation of the Relationship between Health Literacy and Social Communication Skills in Older Adults
Hester, Eva Jackson
The purpose of this study was to examine connections between health literacy and social communication skills in older adults, a population that experiences chronic health conditions but is reported to have low health literacy and declines in communication skills. Sixty-three older adults were administered the "Social Communication" subtest of the…
Corporate Social Responsibility in Online Social Networks : An Empirical Analysis of Corporate Communication for Brands on the German Market
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Horn, Christian; Brem, Alexander
Considering growing public awareness of social, ethical and ecological responsibility, companies have constantly been increasing their efforts in CSR communications. Social Media as tools of brand communication receive increasing attention and it is expected that the marketing sector will experience changes through this phenomenon in the future. This empirical study investigates the types of content that is communicated for different brands and industries in leading Social Media portals on the German market in 2011. It turns out that this kind of CSR communication differs in terms of portals used, as well as in contents. Also, remarkable differences between industries can be observed.
Examining Beliefs about Interpersonal Communication and Relationships across Generations: An Assignment of Social Constructionism
Aleman, Melissa Wood; Aleman, Carlos Galvan
A basic premise of social approaches to studying communication is that theories of interpersonal communication and personal relationships are reflexively defined, socially constructed, and historically situated. In contrast to the tradition of psychological models of relational processes and message transmission, social approaches encourage…
Strategies for Promoting Generalization of Social Communication Skills in Preschoolers and School-Aged Children
Timler, Geralyn R.; Vogler-Elias, Dawn; McGill, K. Fay
Effective social communication interventions achieve 2 outcomes: enhancement of language and social skills and generalization of these skills during authentic interactions with peers. This article describes intervention contexts and strategies for promoting generalization of social communication skills in children with language impairments.…
Singaporean Adolescents' Perceptions of Online Social Communication: An Exploratory Factor Analysis
Zheng, Robert Z.; Cheok, Angeline; Khoo, Eng
The current study investigated adolescents' perceptions in online social communication. Three factors were perceived by adolescents as critical to online social communication. These included self-identity, self-confidence, and self-social factors. Results showed significant differences between the factors derived from the current study and those…
Mothers' Social Communicative Adjustments to Young Children with Mild Developmental Delays
Guralnick, Michael J.; Neville, Brian; Hammond, Mary A.; Connor, Robert T.
The social communication and compliance patterns of 63 mothers interacting with their young children who had mild developmental delays in social play and instructional tasks were examined in a longitudinal study. Results were consistent with the hypothesis that mothers appropriately adjust their social communications in accordance with children's…
Impacto de la ansiedad social, las habilidades sociales y la cibervictimización en la comunicación online / Impact of Social Anxiety, Social Skills and Cyberbullying on online Communication
Scientific Electronic Library Online (English)
Raúl, Navarro; Santiago, Yubero.
Full Text Available El presente estudio fue diseńado para conocer las conductas de comunicación online en una muestra de preadolescentes (10-12 ańos, n=812). Se analizó el efecto de la ansiedad social, las habilidades sociales y las experiencias de cibervictimización sobre la comunicación online. La comunicación online [...] comprendía ítems relacionados con el tiempo empleado, las plataformas utilizadas, las personas con las que interactúan y los motivos para conectarse a la red. La ansiedad social fue evaluada mediante la Escala de ansiedad social para nińos revisada, las habilidades sociales a través de la subescala del Cuestionario Matson y la cibervictimización mediante la Escala de Victimización a través de Internet. Los resultados mostraron que el grupo con altas habilidades sociales y baja ansiedad emplean más tiempo comunicándose en Internet y utilizan más los mensajes instantáneos para hablar con los amigos. Por el contrario, la conducta online del grupo con alta ansiedad social y bajas habilidades está más motivada por el deseo de hacer amigos. Las víctimas de ciberbullying emplean más tiempo online, utilizan más las salas de chat y se comunican más con desconocidos. Estos hallazgos sugieren que, a pesar de los riesgos, Internet también permite mantener y ampliar la red social existente. Abstract in english The present research examined online communication behaviour in a sample of preadolescents (10-12 years, n= 812). In addition, we examined the effect of social anxiety, social skills and experiences of cyberbullying on online communication behaviour. Online communication measures included items rela [...] ted to time online, platforms used, relationships and motives to go online. Social anxiety was assessed using the Social Anxiety Scale of Children Revised, social skills were measured using the Matson Questionnaire subscale and cyberbullying using the Victimization Scale via Internet. The results show that the group with high social skills and low levels of anxiety spend more time communicating online and use instant messages to talk to friends. In contrast, the online behaviour of the group with high levels of anxiety and low social skills are more motivated to communicate online by their desire to make new friends. Cybervictims spend more time online, use chat rooms and communicate more with strangers than those who do not suffer cyberbullying. These findings suggest that the Internet offers opportunities to maintain and extend social networks but also exposes young people to online risks.
Internal Communication and Social Dialogue in Knowledge-Based Organizations
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Diana-Maria CISMARU
Full Text Available Knowledge-based organizations are constructed on intangible assets, such as the expertise and the values of the employees. As a consequence, motivation and professional excellence of employees are the main objectives of management teams. For this type of organizations, considered as true "knowledge systems", the employees represent the most valuable resource that is not motivated only through financial means, but also through internal communication, autonomy or social rewards. The research of Eurofound shows that knowledge-based organizations have a low number of trade unions, while professional associations are more relevant for them. There is no tradition to defend through negotiation the working conditions of employees, thus it is important for managers to use the best practices, in order to increase the employees' loyalty. We conducted a qualitative research concerning the quality of professional life of employees in five sectors of knowledge-based services: advertising-marketing, IT, banking and finance, research and development, and higher education; 15-20 employees from each sector were interviewed. Some of the questions referred directly to trade unions and affiliation, and also to internal communication. Although the results showed a different situation in each of the five sectors, there are few common characteristics: descendant communication is more frequent than ascendant communication, trade unions were reported as missing, unrepresentative or not very active, and the greatest part of employees in this sector are not affiliated, facts that limits the possibility of maintaining employees' motivation on long term.
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Full Text Available Social Networking is a very wide concept, which means connecting of one being to another, either one or many. In this research paper, the author focusses on Social Networking and Communication, its importance in day to day life of professional, and its place in their busy schedule. This paper is mainly for the professionals who are newly entered in their professional field. To accomplish this research, the author conducted a survey of 50-60 sample size, which included Doctors, Professors, Advocates, Chartered Accountants and some new professionals also. Author took opinions from them through a small questionnaire. All the professionals were selected from Sangli, Koplhapur, JaysingpuansSatara in Western Maharashtra region.
Yeh, mon. No problem : An Ethnographic Study of Risk Communication and Social Trust in Jamaica.
Hellsing, Fanny
The aim of this study is to examine the impact of social trust in public risk communication in St Elizabeth, Jamaica. From a cultural rationality approach is social trust assumed to affect the public's risk perceptions and consequently their risk behavior when it comes to natural disasters. Hence, social trust is assumed to have an effect of how the citizenry of Jamaica perceives public risk communication. The risk communication carried out by the local authorities (St Elizabeth Parish Counci...
Electronic Word-of-Mouth Communication and Consumer Behaviour : An Exploratory Study of Danish Social Media Communication Influence
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Pedersen, Signe Tegtmeier; Razmerita, Liana
The rapid adoption of social media, along with the easy access to peer information and interactions, has resulted in massive online word-of-mouth communication. These interactions among consumers have an increasing power over the success or failure of companies and brands. Drawing upon word-of-mouth communication and consumer behaviour theories, this paper investigates the use of word-of-mouth communication through social media among a group of Danish consumers. The findings suggest that electronic word-of-mouth communication among friends and peers affect consumer behaviour. Additionally, peer communication is perceived as more objective and therefore found more reliable than companies' brand communication. Furthermore, negative word-of-mouth is perceived as more trustworthy compared to positive messages, which are often believed to be too subjective. The research findings emphasise the importance one has to assign to social media as a source of reputation for companies and brands, which eventually impact consumers' choices.
New insight for social risk communication of nuclear power towards social consensus for HLW disposal
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
For the construction of effective knowledge base on safety and non-anxiety for nuclear power, a study on new communication system about social risk information has been initiated by noticing the rapid expansion of Internet in the society. By constructing Internet Website communication system on the geological disposal of high-level radioactive wastes, we conducted the experiment of communication for verifying the principles such as that the basic technical knowledge and trust, and social ethics are indispensable in this process to close the perception gap between nuclear specialists and the general public. The cognition structural equation model by means of the variables reduction method of multiple regression analysis and by compiling the significant paths by covariance structure analysis was built based on this experimental data. Moreover, by investigating more detailed public subconscious on the high-level radioactive wastes by 'text mining method' with the special reference to the Public Comment in July 2000 and the literature survey, it was found that the freely discussing ideas based on the environmental ethics such as 'fairness in results' and 'fairness in opportunity' from scratch would gain a potential of enhancing the social receptivity. (author)
Is sociality required for the evolution of communicative complexity? Evidence weighed against alternative hypotheses in diverse taxonomic groups
Ord, Terry J.; Garcia-Porta, Joan
Complex social communication is expected to evolve whenever animals engage in many and varied social interactions; that is, sociality should promote communicative complexity. Yet, informal comparisons among phylogenetically independent taxonomic groups seem to cast doubt on the putative role of social factors in the evolution of complex communication. Here, we provide a formal test of the sociality hypothesis alongside alternative explanations for the evolution of communicative complexity. We...
Comunicación, construcción de la realidad e imaginarios sociales / Communication, Construction of Reality and Social Imaginaries
Scientific Electronic Library Online (English)
Juan Luis, PINTOS.
Full Text Available La confusión generada en el campo de la comunicación por la asunción de una Teoría de la seńal (Shannon) que buscaba la efectividad en la transmisión del mensaje entre un emisor y un receptor, generalizándola como teoría de la información o de la comunicación ha supuesto una orientación de las inves [...] tigaciones en comunicación dirigidas por los intereses del mercado publicitario ("Efectos de los medios", etc.). Es necesario recuperar como orientación básica de las investigaciones en comunicación el carácter de selección de posibilidades en la construcción plural de las realidades que se disputan el asentimiento de nuestra confianza. Se propone como instrumento central de esta nueva orientación una teoría de los imaginarios sociales como concepto operativo que permite observar los diferentes mecanismos de construcción de realidades a través de la aplicación del código "relevancia/opacidad" a los productos mediáticos "en los que vivimos, nos movemos y somos". Abstract in english The confusion generated in the communicational field by the assumption of a signal theory (Shannon) that searches for effectiveness in the transmission of a message from a transmitter to a receiver, which is generalized as a theory of information or of communication, has proposed an orientation in c [...] ommunicational research directed towards the publicity market (The effects of social communication, etc.). It is necessary to recover as the basic orientation of communicational research, the character of selecting possibilities in the plural construction of realities that discuss the basis for our confidence. As the central instrument of this new orientation, a theory of social images is proposed as an operative concept that permits the observation of different mechanisms of construction of realities through the application of a code of "relevance/ opaqueness" in media products " in which we live, move and exist".
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
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Full Text Available This article deals with the studying of the peculiarities of social and communicative competence in teenage years. The paper provides the results of the comparative analysis of the peculiarities of social and communicative competence of teenagers with different thinking styles.
The Effect of Communication Skills and Interpersonal Problem Solving Skills on Social Self-Efficacy
Erozkan, Atilgan
The purpose of this study was to examine communication skills, interpersonal problem solving skills, and social self-efficacy perception of adolescents and the predictive role of communication skills and interpersonal problem solving skills on social self-efficacy. This study is a quantitative and relational study aimed at examining the…
Teaching Students How to Integrate and Assess Social Networking Tools in Marketing Communications
Schlee, Regina Pefanis; Harich, Katrin R.
This research is based on two studies that focus on teaching students how to integrate and assess social networking tools in marketing communications. Study 1 examines how students in marketing classes utilize social networking tools and explores their attitudes regarding the use of such tools for marketing communications. Study 2 focuses on an…
Deferred Imitation and Social Communication in Speaking and Nonspeaking Children with Autism
Strid, Karin; Heimann, Mikael; Gillberg, Christopher; Smith, Lars; Tjus, Tomas
Deferred imitation and early social communication skills were compared among speaking and nonspeaking children with autism and children developing typically. Overall, the children with autism showed a lower frequency on measures of deferred imitation and social communication compared with typically developing children. Deferred imitation was…
Social Network Sites and Student-Lecturer Communication: An Academic Voice
Jones, Joanna; Gaffney-Rhys, Ruth; Jones, Edward
This article presents a synthesis of existing ideas relating to the use of social network sites by faculty within higher education institutions (HEIs) to communicate with the student body. As previous research has been from a student-centric perspective, importantly this study explores the use of social networks for student-faculty communication…
enREDando y conectando: Comunicacion y redes sociales / Tangling and Connecting: Communication and Social Networks
Scientific Electronic Library Online (English)
Ilia E., López Jiménez.
Full Text Available En esta publicación se propone el análisis de las redes sociales desde una perspectiva comunicacional: por su contenido o temática; por su composición (cerrada o abierta), por la interacción (interna o externa) existente; por su difusión y alcance (local o internacional). Se han seleccionado tres si [...] tios de la web que presentan características diversas: una red de autogestión comunitaria, una red académica y una red socio-política. Abstract in english This article is intended to make an analysis of social networks from a communicational point of view: based on their contents and topics; based on their components (closed or open); based on their existing interaction (internal or external); based on their kind of release and scope (local or interna [...] tional). Three websites showing several characteristics have been selected: a community self-management network, an academic network, and a sociopolitical network.
Integrating Social Media into the Marketing Communication Strategy : The Case of ID24
Amerian, Irsa; Pisareva, Natallia
Problem: Integration of social media tools in marketing practice of B2B companies is not a widespread phenomenon yet. However, particular patterns of involvement already exist. Companies get connected through social media and they use Web 2.0 tools to engage the customers in communication and to interact and build relationships with them. Purpose: The overall purpose of this thesis is to deepen and broaden the knowledge of the application of social media into the communication strategy ...
Developing a social media communication plan: case: the Quicker Steps project
Nazari, Ahdia
Social media is accepted as an effective communications and promotion tool. Social media tools such as Facebook, LinkedIn, Twitter, blogging and podcasting are leveraged by different organizations for creating profiles, establishing communication, interaction and launching promotional activities. However, promoters might encounter certain challenges in targeting potential audiences and maintaining interest and the interaction of the audience in their social media profiles. The Quicker St...
Use of social media in managing customer relationships in a Chinese SME - A communication perspective
Wei, Jie
The objective of this study: The objective of this study was to investigate the use of social media as a means to communicate with customers in an SME context. Two particular aspects were analyzed in this study. First, the role of social media was to be identified. Second, the study focused on the most important characteristics of social media in meeting the challenges in managing customer relationships. International business creates challenges for international business communication. I...
Using Social Networking Sites for Communicable Disease Control: Innovative Contact Tracing or Breach of Confidentiality?
Mandeville, Kate L.; Harris, Matthew; Thomas, H. Lucy; Chow, Yimmy; Seng, Claude
Social media applications such as Twitter, YouTube and Facebook have attained huge popularity, with more than three billion people and organizations predicted to have a social networking account by 2015. Social media offers a rapid avenue of communication with the public and has potential benefits for communicable disease control and surveillance. However, its application in everyday public health practice raises a number of important issues around confidentiality and autonomy. We report here...
Ética empresarial, responsabilidad social y bienes comunicativos / Bussiness ethics, social responsibility and Communication Goods
Scientific Electronic Library Online (English)
Patrici, Calvo.
Full Text Available Desde su irrupción en el panorama económico, la responsabilidad social se ha conceptualizado de muy distintas formas. Algunas relacionadas con la filantropía, el mecenazgo, la estrategia o el marketing empresarial. Este estudio pretende mostrar que la empresa necesita gestionar debidamente aquellos [...] bienes comunicativos que, como la confianza, la reputación o la reciprocidad, están implicados en el correcto desarrollo de su actividad y, por consiguiente, en la maximización del beneficio económico. Pero para ello, es preciso implementar una responsabilidad social a la altura de las expectativas en juego; es decir, que tenga en cuenta la dimensión ética que le subyace. Abstract in english Since its beginnings, the conceptualisation of social responsibility has taken many forms, some of them related to philanthropy, patronage, strategy or business marketing among others. This paper defends the thesis that economic organization needs to manage those communicative goods, such as trust, [...] reputation or reciprocity, evolved in the right development of their business activity and, therefore, on economic profit maximization. But for this, economic organization should implement a social responsibility to live up to expectations at stake; that is, to take into account the ethical dimension that underlies it.
Social Amplification of Risk and Crisis Communication Planing - Case Study
Stanciugelu, I.; Frunzaru, V.; Armas, I.; Duntzer, A.; Stan, S.
Risk management has become a dominant concern of public policy and the ability of government to anticipate the strength and focus of public concerns remains weak. The Social Amplification of Risk Framework (SARF) was designed to assist in this endeavor. It aims to facilitate a greater understanding of the social processes that can mediate between a hazard event and its consequences. SARF identifies categories of mediator/moderator that intervene between risk event and its consequences and suggests a causal and temporal sequence in which they act. Information flows first through various sources and then channels, triggering social stations of amplification, initiating individual station of amplification and precipitating behavioral reactions. The International Risk Governance Council Framework is an interdisciplinary and multilevel approach, linking risk management and risk assessment sphere through communication. This study aims to identify categories of mediator/moderator that intervene between the risk event and its consequences, using a survey on earthquake risk perception addressing population of Bucharest city. Romania has a unique seismic profile in Europe, being the country with the biggest surface affected in case of a serious earthquake. Considering the development of the urban area that took place in the last two decades and the growing number of inhabitants, Bucharest is the largest city in Romania and is exposed to extensive damages in case of an earthquake. The sociological survey has been conducted in December 2009 on a representative sample of the Bucharest population aged 18 and over (N=1376) using one stage sampling design. We used a stratified sample method shearing the investigated populations in six layers according to the six sectors of Bucharest. The respondents were selected using random digit dialling method (RDD) and the questionnaires were administered by research staff with computer assisted telephone interviewing method (CATI). The results of the field inquiries are used in developing risk/crisis communication plans. The survey has been made during the project Multihazard and vulnerability in the seismic context of the Bucharest Municipality. The research project has been financed by Romania National Authority of Scientific Research.
Teaching Social Communication: A Comparison of Naturalistic Behavioral and Development, Social Pragmatic Approaches for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders
Ingersoll, Brooke R.
There are a variety of effective treatments designed for increasing social communication in young children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Two such treatments, naturalistic behavioral and developmental, social-pragmatic/relationship-based interventions, differ in their underlying philosophy yet share many similarities in their…
Computer Mediated Communication for Social and Academic Purposes: Profiles of Use and University Students' Gratifications
Vrocharidou, Anatoli; Efthymiou, Ilias
The present study approaches the Internet as a social space, where university students make use of computer mediated communication (CMC) applications, i.e. e-mail, instant messaging and social network sites, in order to satisfy social and academic needs. We focus on university students, because they represent one of the most avid groups of CMC…
The influences of optimal matching and social capital on communicating support.
Green-Hamann, Sara; Sherblom, John C
The optimal matching and social capital perspectives frame present research expectations and interpretations of the network, esteem, informational, and emotional support communication of 3 computer-mediated communication social support groups, each having a different health-promoting purpose. Past research has shown differences in the support communication provided by different groups but has offered little explanation for these differences. The present study uses a comparative analysis of optimal matching and social capital influences to compare and analyze differences in the support communication provided by Alcoholics Anonymous, cancer caregivers, and transgender identity support groups. Results show different patterns of support communication enacted in each. These results provide support for optimal matching and social capital predictions, indicating that the life stressor and group structure affect the social support provided. However, results also demonstrate a need for greater refinement in interpreting the effects of these influences. Each group communicates network, esteem, informational, and emotional support somewhat differently in response to the life stressor and in enacting bridging and bonding social capital. The present comparisons provide a fuller analysis of the optimal matching and social capital influences upon the support communicated in groups than afforded by past research studies and suggests research opportunities for future research. PMID:24580637
The Role of Communication in Enhancing Employees' Organizational Commitment : Exploring the Relationship between Social-emotional-oriented Communication, Work-oriented Communication and Organizational Commitment in China
Wang, Yan
The purpose of this study is to explore the roles of social-emotional-oriented communication and work-oriented communication in enhancing organizational commitment in the context of the People's Republic of China. Literature regarding the functions of different types of communication was reviewed and the human relations theory was applied as the main guidance of the current research. The study utilized the statistical method to analyze the data collected from questionnaires. A total of 69 emp...
Inferring social status and rich club effects in enterprise communication networks
Dong, Yuxiao; Chawla, Nitesh; Lou, Tiancheng; Yang, Yang; Wang, Bai
Social status, referred to as the relative rank or position that an individual holds in a social hierarchy, is known to be one of the most important motivating forces in social behaviors. However, we have limited knowledge of how social status drives human behaviors in society, which have dynamic effects on promotion or demotion of individual status. The communication logs in enterprises provide us a great potential to reveal how social interactions and individual status manifest themselves in social networks. Herein, we use two enterprise datasets with three communication channels - voice call, short message, and email - to demonstrate the social behavioral differences between individuals with different status. On the individual level high-status users are more likely to be spanned as structural holes by linking to people in parts of the enterprise networks that are otherwise not well connected to one another. On the community level the principle of homophily, social balance and clique theory generally indic...
Effective Use of Social Media in Communicating Climate Science
Sinclair, P. W.
The internet and social media have been a critical vector for misinformation on climate change. Scientists have not always been proactive or effective in utilizing the medium to bring attention to the best science, to correct misinformation and overcome urban myths. Similarly, mainstream journalists have been handicapped in dealing with the wide open nature of the medium, and often muted by editorial concerns or budget restrictions. Independent communicators who are highly motivated can make inroads in this area by using the internet's immediacy and connectivity to consistently connect viewers and readers to reliable information. Over the last 4 years, I have developed a series of you tube videos, made deliberately provocative to engage the internet's confrontational culture, but carefully crafted to bring the best science into the freewheeling community. In doing so, I have won the confidence of leading climate scientists, and in some cases assisted them in clarifying their message. This presentation will share simple tips, useful practices, and effective strategies for making complex material more clear and user friendly, and help scientists better convey the stories hidden in their data.
Communicative action: the Habermasian and Freirean dialogical approach to participatory communication for social change in a post-1994 South Africa
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
H. Otto
Full Text Available Despite its almost four decade mainstay, the field of parti-cipatory communication for social change still experiences a definitional and pragmatic problem regarding what exactly participation is (cf. Jacobson & Storey, 2004; Chambers, 1994; Melkote & Steeves, 2001; Rogers, 1976; Lerner, 1964; Schramm, 1964; Servaes, 1995. What remains is a vastly under-theorised field of participatory communication for social change. This article examines the possibility of participatory communication approaching the Habermasian "ideal speech situation" in which people, as communicators, are seen as having a value in their own right and not simply regarded as a means to an end (cf. Habermas, 1984; 1987; 1989. Consistent with the Freirean "liberal pedagogy", the praxis of dialogical communication or intersubjective communication is seen as putting right the "participative" quality of participatory com-munication (cf. Freire, 1970. For both theorists, transformative action can only occur if reflective and collective learning occurs in linguistically constructed settings where the normative dimensions of truth (logos, rightfulness (ethos and truthfulness (pathos are raised and met in the developmental conversation. This is especially significant in a globalised world and fragmented, post-bourgeois public sphere where debate among developmental stakeholders is becoming more marginal, in-strumentalist, and less public. Based on available analyses of development communication literature, this article proposes that the chosen dialogical approaches share a type of communi-cative behaviour (i.e. action theoretic, rather than representing a particular paradigm or school of thought. This could offer further definitional clarification of proper participatory communi-cation for social change in a post-1994 South Africa.
Using Social Networking Sites for Communicable Disease Control: Innovative Contact Tracing or Breach of Confidentiality?
Mandeville, Kate L; Harris, Matthew; Thomas, H Lucy; Chow, Yimmy; Seng, Claude
Social media applications such as Twitter, YouTube and Facebook have attained huge popularity, with more than three billion people and organizations predicted to have a social networking account by 2015. Social media offers a rapid avenue of communication with the public and has potential benefits for communicable disease control and surveillance. However, its application in everyday public health practice raises a number of important issues around confidentiality and autonomy. We report here a case from local level health protection where the friend of an individual with meningococcal septicaemia used a social networking site to notify potential contacts. PMID:24688599
The longitudinal curriculum "social and communicative competencies" within Bologna-reformed undergraduate medical education in Basel
Kiessling, Claudia; Langewitz, Wolf
Background: Within the Bologna reform, a longitudinal curriculum of "social and communicative competencies" (SOKO) was implemented into the new Bachelor-Master structure of undergraduate medical education in Basel (Switzerland).
Developmental gene regulation by an ancient intercellular communication system in social amoebae.
Asghar, Asma; Groth, Marco; Siol, Oliver; Gaube, Friedemann; Enzensperger, Christoph; Glöckner, Gernot; Winckler, Thomas
The social amoebae (Dictyostelia) use quorum sensing-like communication systems to coordinate the periodic transition from uni- to multicellularity. The monophyletic descent of the Dictyostelia provides a unique opportunity to study the origin and adaptive evolution of such intercellular communication systems. We determined that the ability of aggregation-competent cells to respond to the intercellular messenger glorin occurred in the most ancient taxa of the Dictyostelia. We show using Illumina sequencing technology that glorin mediates rapid changes in gene expression at the transition from vegetative growth to aggregation. We conclude that peptide-based communication is the most ancient form of intercellular signaling in the evolution of multicellularity in the social amoebae, but has been repeatedly replaced by other communication systems during the monophyletic evolution of the social amoebae. Glorin communication has parallels with quorum sensing in that the molecule diffuses into the field, stimulates gene expression in receptive cells and coordinates a population-wide response. PMID:21371934
Transformation of Traditional Marketing Communications in to Paradigms of Social Media Networking
Nair, T R Gopalakrishnan
Effective Communication for marketing is a vital field in business organizations, which is used to convey the details about their products and services to the market segments and subsequently to build long lasting customer relationships. This paper focuses on an emerging component of the integrated marketing communication, ie. social media networking, as it is increasingly becoming the trend. In 21st century, the marketing communication platforms show a tendency to shift towards innovative technology bound people networking which is becoming an acceptable domain of interaction. Though the traditional channels like TV, print media etc. are still active and prominent in marketing communication, the presences of the Internet and more specifically the Social Media Networking, has started influencing the way individuals and business enterprises communicate. It has become evident that more individuals and business enterprises are engaging the social media networking sites either to accelerate the sales of their pro...
Social Duty and Her Function in Communication Strategy of Firm
Tanasoiu, Georgiana Lavinia; Enea, Constanta
Social responsibility is not charity, it's a duty. Today we see all major companies following social responsibility. Social duty is not only attention allotted consumers, customers and contractors, communions and environment, as well employees and implicit their family. In concept triple bottom line, social duty presume achievements of social level, financial plane and environment level and follow a positive impact on society and, in same time, financial achievements. Education is an ar...
Social Networking: Changing the way we communicate and do business.
Jones, Kevin
This paper reviews the value of social networking and the impact it can have on small and large businesses. The paper also reviews the Social Networking Business Plan and the power of recommender networks. Examples are given of inbound and outbound marketing techniques. Social Networking is an integral part of inbound marketing. A synopsis of the evolving demographic of social networkers is presented to add clarity and show potential for social networking websites and tools.
Family communication: A catalyst for socially desired behaviours
Kane Hopkins
This study examines how mass-communicated messages from two pro-environmental public information communication campaigns, the Big Clean Up and Clean Up New Zealand, affect interpersonal communication in families. It also considers how interpersonal communication flows on to affect family behaviour. The findings from these two campaigns indicate that while parents tended not to pass on information they obtained from campaign messages, children were more enthusiastic about sharing messages with...
Social (pragmatic) communication disorder: a research review of this new DSM-5 diagnostic category
Swineford, Lauren B.; Thurm, Audrey; Baird, Gillian; Wetherby, Amy M; Swedo, Susan
Social (pragmatic) communication disorder (SCD) is a new diagnostic category in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition (DSM-5). The purpose of this review is to describe and synthesize the relevant literature from language and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) research relating to pragmatic language impairment and other previously used terms that relate to SCD. The long-standing debate regarding how social communication/pragmatic impairments overlap and/or diffe...
Deferred Imitation and Social Communication in Speaking and Nonspeaking Children With Autism
Strid, Karin; Heimann, Mikael; Smith, Lars; Gillberg, Christopher; Tjus, Tomas
Deferred imitation and early social communication skills were compared among speaking and nonspeaking children with autism and children developing typically. Overall, the children with autism showed a lower frequency on measures of deferred imitation and social communication compared with typically developing children. Deferred imitation was observed at a significantly lower level among the speaking and nonspeaking groups of children with autism. However, when comparing the speaking autism gr...
Communicative Dynamics and the Polyphony of Corporate Social Responsibility in the Network Society
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Castello, Itziar; Morsing, Mette
This paper develops a media theoretical extension of the communicative view on corporate social responsibility by elaborating on the characteristics of network societies, arguing that new media increase the speed and connectivity, and lead to higher plurality and the potential polarization of reality constructions. We discuss the implications for corporate social responsibility of becoming more polyphonic and sketch the contours of "communicative legitimacy." Finally, we present this special issue and develop some questions for future research.
Philosophy of Communication: What Does it Have to do With Philosophy of Social Sciences
Jean Robillard
As concepts, communication and information are very closely related, but they also designate more than their usual conceptual meaning when they are called upon in social theories as well as in philosophical theories about the reality and the truth of social life; information and communication are then designating physical events or event like objects of the observable reality, which will be hereafter described as a procedural ontologization of information. Why do they have this role and how d...
Stakeholder perceptions of communication of corporate social responsibility: case Lappset Group
Kiviluoma, Marianne
Stakeholder Perceptions of Communication of Corporate Social Responsibility: Case Lappset Group Objective of the Study The objective of the study was to explore the stakeholder perceptions concerning communication of corporate social responsibility (CSR) at the case company, Lappset Group Ltd. The target stakeholder group consisted of architects, landscape architects and landscape designers (referred to as architects), who are considered by the case company as important opinion leader...
Documents Central State Historical Archives in Lviv as a Channel of Social Communication
Bilushchak, Tetyana
The paper analyzes the archival documents of the Central State Historical Archives in Lviv as a channel of social communication. What is important for the analysis and study of military affairs, the medieval city of Lviv in the second half of the XIV-XVIII centuries. The paper presents a computerization of archives, which plays an important role in the archive as a structure of social communication, which will establish new facts in the history of the city.
Being social when crisis knocks : Why and how companies use social media to communicate in a time of crisis
Wi?ckowska, Natalia Joanna; Danila, Roxana Stefania
Over the past years communication patterns have been changing continuously due toincreased public demand for information and knowledge. Numerous social networks andwebsites have escalated and gained the attention of the academics and practitioners, as wellas the business society. Previously scholars researched this field of interest from differentperspectives. Thus it could be stated that the emphasis was put on the impact of the certainsocial media networks in terms of communication strategy...
Refusing What We Are : Communicating Counter-Identities and Prefiguring Social Change in New Social Movements
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
McIlvenny, Paul
In an interview, Michel Foucault (1983: 336) said that the target today perhaps "is not to discover what we are but to refuse what we are… to promote new forms of subjectivity". Protest actions by a range of new social movements have been studied extensively, but few studies have focused on the communicative practices and mediated actions in which new identities and forms of subjectivity are discursively produced, contingently achieved and made visible in situ. This paper investigates what Foucault called 'counter-conducts', practices in which alternative modes of subjectivation and of being governed are performed. Counter-conducts are intriguing to study because by questioning the conduct of their conduct, participants simultaneously question the relationship of the self to itself, playing with and risking identity in the process. The analysis of the United Nathans Weapons Inspections protest event draws upon Foucault's later work, Mitchell Dean's (2010) analytics of government and Nikolas Rose's (1999) proposal for a genealogy of social movements in terms of the ethos of their alternative political imaginations. A first step in an analytics of protest is to uncover how fields of visibility, forms of knowledge, and subjectivities and identities are negotiated and collaboratively accomplished by the protestors and the people they encounter. Using ethnomethodological conversation analysis and membership categorisation analysis (EMCA), I examine how 'counter-identities' are achieved and made accountable in the interactional practices of prefigurative demonstrations and protest events. CA helps us document the ways in which fields of visibility and modes of rationality are sequentially organised, while MCA provides analytical tools to uncover the categorial work by which subjectivities and identities are morally accomplished in social interaction.
Screening for autism spectrum disorders with the social communication questionnaire.
Eaves, Linda C; Wingert, Heather D; Ho, Helena H; Mickelson, Elizabeth C R
The Social Communication Questionnaire (SCQ) is a parent report screening measure for autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) based on the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (ADI-R). To examine its validity in a young sample, the SCQ was given to parents of 151 children at a mean age of 5 years, before assessment in tertiary autism or preschool clinics. Overall sensitivity was .71, the same for both clinics, but specificity was better for the preschool clinic (.62) than for the autism clinic (.53) reflecting fewer false-positives in the former. The "hit rate" was 65% with 28% of the children with autism missed by the SCQ at a cutoff score of 15 (false-negatives) and 38% of the nonautistic misidentified as having an ASD (false-positives). Item validity analysis, contrary to what was previously published, indicated that only 15 or 46% of the items distinguished between children with and without ASD in this much younger sample. False-negatives were somewhat higher functioning. The SCQ would seem to be a useful tool for identifying young children in need of further assessment and assisting in routing them to the appropriate clinic, especially if used in conjunction with a screening by a community professional. There remain questions about the "best" cutoff score to use and whether a shorter version, based on the items that distinguished autistic from nonautistic, would be more reliable and valid with younger children. Furthermore, it may be that an adjusted score is required when parents omit items or with nonverbal children who cannot be scored on some of the items. PMID:16685191
Logging On, Bouncing Back: An Experimental Investigation of Online Communication following Social Exclusion
Gross, Elisheva F.
A majority of U.S. adolescents at least occasionally communicate on the Internet with unknown peers. This study tested the hypothesis that online communication with an unknown peer facilitates recovery from the acute aversive effects of social exclusion and examined whether this benefit may be greater for adolescents compared with young adults. A…
Communication Abnormalities Predict Functional Outcomes in Chronic Schizophrenia: Differential Associations with Social and Adaptive Functions
Bowie, Christopher R; Harvey, Philip D.
Communication abnormalities are hallmark features of schizophrenia. Despite the prevalence and persistence of these symptoms, little is known about their functional implications. In this study, we examined, in a sample of chronically institutionalized schizophrenia patients (N=317), whether two types of communication abnormalities (i.e., verbal underproductivity and disconnected speech) had differential relationships with social and adaptive outcomes. Baseline ratings of verbal underproductiv...
The Evolutionary Role of Interorganizational Communication: Modeling Social Capital in Disaster Contexts
Doerfel, Marya L.; Lai, Chih-Hui; Chewning, Lisa V.
Employing a community ecology perspective, this study examines how interorganizational (IO) communication and social capital (SC) facilitated organizational recovery after Hurricane Katrina. In-depth interviews with 56 New Orleans organizations enabled longitudinal analysis and a grounded theory model that illustrates how communication…
Fast, Broad, and Frequent: Campus Crisis Communications Today Demand Social Media
Liggett, Billy
The importance of communication during a school crisis has not changed in the 21st century. What has changed--and quite dramatically since 1999--is the way people communicate. Social media tools are now used in some form by 100 percent of all four-year universities in the United States as a way to reach students, according to a 2011 University of…
Online Company-stakeholder Communication : Lessons from Vattenfall's Social Media Campaign on Climate Change
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Eriksen, Rikke Augustinus; Morsing, Mette
Based on a systematic data collection we study one of the first pioneering company-stakeholder communication campaigns in social media: the case of energy company Vattenfall A/S's pan-European campaign 'The Climate Manifesto'. Our findings challenge the general assumption, that stakeholder interaction and dialogue on CSR issues is advanced in social media. Rather, our data shows how representatives from the corporate sector and civil society organizations repeat and reinforce their arguments with no amendments during the campaign. The analysis shows that constructive dialogue and interaction lacked between the company and stakeholders. Vattenfall was accused of green-washing, resulting in a communications crisis. Negative stakeholder reactions consisted of prejudiced and non-negotiable argumentation indicating that social media imposes new managerial challenges since communication processes are scaled up and bring on autonomous and legitimate sources of information, providing stakeholders with more power in terms of co-production of 'the truth', and more complex routes to corporate legitimacy compared to offline communication. We discuss assumptions about improved dialogue via social technologies and we question to what extent social media serve the enhancement of improved understandings across corporate and civil society on CSR issues. This paper suggests that managers face a risk of the "double-edge of stakeholder communication" when incorporating social media into their CSR strategies: companies need to expose themselves and engage in social media to improve stakeholder engagement, while they by this action also attract higher level of criticism.
Philosophy of Communication: What Does it Have to do With Philosophy of Social Sciences
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Jean Robillard
Full Text Available As concepts, communication and information are very closely related, but they also designate more than their usual conceptual meaning when they are called upon in social theories as well as in philosophical theories about the reality and the truth of social life; information and communication are then designating physical events or event like objects of the observable reality, which will be hereafter described as a procedural ontologization of information. Why do they have this role and how do they play it in contemporary social sciences and philosophy of social sciences? This article questions the scientificity of these concepts in these theoretical contexts. It wants to propose a framework for an epistemology of communication and information that is critical about the cybernetician paradigm in the social sciences. It presents this paradigm's main features: informational ontology and probabilistic sociality. It offers a critique of this paradigm's epistemological and methodological pretensions. It finally exposes the basis of an alternative philosophical theory of communication that wants to support the thesis that the cybernetician paradigmatic communication theory is not scientifically productive; and that it cannot be used in social scientific theoretical contexts without being dramatically redesigned and reoriented towards new goals.
Towards a Technology of Nonverbal Communication: Vocal Behavior in Social and Affective Phenomena
Vinciarelli, Alessandro; Mohammadi, Gelareh
Nonverbal communication is the main channel through which we experience inner life of others, including their emotions, feelings, moods, social attitudes, etc. This attracts the interest of the computing community because nonverbal communication is based on cues like facial expressions, vocalizations, gestures, postures, etc. that we can perceive with our senses and can be (and often are) detected, analyzed and synthesized with automatic approaches. In other words, nonverbal communication can...
Transformation of Traditional Marketing Communications in to Paradigms of Social Media Networking
Nair, T. R. Gopalakrishnan; Subramaniam, Kumarashvari
Effective Communication for marketing is a vital field in business organizations, which is used to convey the details about their products and services to the market segments and subsequently to build long lasting customer relationships. This paper focuses on an emerging component of the integrated marketing communication, ie. social media networking, as it is increasingly becoming the trend. In 21st century, the marketing communication platforms show a tendency to shift tow...
Learning through Interaction in Children with Autism: Preliminary Data from a Social-Communication-Based Intervention
Casenhiser, Devin M.; Shanker, Stuart G.; Stieben, Jim
The study evaluates a social-communication-based approach to autism intervention aimed at improving the social interaction skills of children with autism spectrum disorder. We report preliminary results from an ongoing randomized controlled trial of 51 children aged 2 years 0 months to 4 years 11 months. Participants were assigned to either a…
Online Friendship Formation, Communication Channels, and Social Closeness
Ilan Talmud; Mesch, Gustavo S.
Studies of the quality of online social relationships are divided in their conclusions regarding the strength of social ties. Early conceptualizations described the weakness of electronic media in supporting social ties. By contrast, others have emphasized the compensating character of the Internet for specific social groups. This study investigated differences between adolescents who created online friendships and those who did not, and how far the place where a friend was met (online or ...
Collaborating with Your Clients Using Social Media & Mobile Communications
Typhina, Eli; Bardon, Robert E.; Gharis, Laurie W.
Many Extension educators are still learning how to effectively integrate social media into their programs. By using the right social media platforms and mobile applications to create engaged, online communities, Extension educators can collaborate with clients to produce and to share information expanding and enhancing their social media and…
The Effectiveness of Social Skills Intervention Targeting Nonverbal Communication for Adolescents with Asperger Syndrome and Related Pervasive Developmental Delays.
Barnhill, Gena P.; Cook, Katherine Tapscott; Tebbenkamp, Kelly; Myles, Brenda Smith
A study investigated the effectiveness of an 8-week social skills intervention targeting nonverbal communication for eight adolescents with Asperger syndrome. Although minimal nonverbal communication skills development was apparent, some social relationships were developed and the ability of some participants to read the nonverbal communication of…
Utilizing Social Network Services for Enhanced Communication with Elderly Living at Home
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Wagner, Stefan
This paper discusses whether social network services, like Facebook and Twitter, may be used by elderly living in their own homes to enhance communication with their relatives and friends. It introduces a prototype solution based on the iRobot Roomba 560, iRobot, USA, robot vacuum cleaner, which has been enhanced with Facebook and Twitter communication capabilities. The paper points out a number of other relevant applications where the use of social network services may provide better communication for ambient assisted living solutions and intelligent environments.
Web 2.0 and Network Society : -PR and Communication: The Challenge of Online Social Networks.
Tandefelt, Max
Abstract As online social network services are becoming one of the dominant media channels the importance of disseminating messages through them is of high importance for governments, organizations, companies etc. The online social network services are several and changes rapidly as they grow and evolve. Being networks, the services give the user the tools to send, as well as receive text and information. This proposes us with yet another obstacle in communication via online social network se...
Identical or Just Compatible? The Utility of Corporate Identity Values in Communicating Corporate Social Responsibility
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Schmeltz, Line
This study explores whether companies embracing a corporate social responsibility agenda have a strategic focus on adapting and aligning their value systems to reflect such commitment. The analysis is based on empirical data and a conceptual model juxtaposing corporate values, corporate social responsibility values, and implementation to capture how the different configurations of these aspects may impact the communication carried out by corporations. The findings indicate that the companies in the data sample operate with two markedly different value systems. The coexistence of two value systems is discussed in relation to the reported difficulties that companies experience when facing the new and complex challenge of communicating corporate social responsibility.
Social Media as a strategic tool for Corporate Communication/ Los Medios Sociales como una herramienta estratégica para la Comunicación Corporativa
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Ivette Soto Velez
Full Text Available Companies around the globe are embracing and adapting social media for many differentintentions: customer service, marketing, internal communications, public relations orcorporate social responsibility, etc. It is now a reality that social media is channging the waystakeholders and companies communicate daily, providing opportunities for collaboration,participation, interactivity, and engagement. Therefore, social media is conceived today inthe corporate world as a strategic communication partner, driving new and uniquepossibilities for organizations to engage stakeholders in conversations. We are witnesses of anew digital era where consumers are becoming active users rather than passive individuals,changing dramatically how society operates. But these useful technological tools areemployed widely and precisely by corporations in order to facilitate and improvecommunications? This research aims to discover the usage of different social mediaplatforms by Puerto Rican companies. A content analysis was performed to the Facebookand Twitter official profiles of the top 400 locally owned Puerto Rican companies of 2009.The principal objective was to find if social media sites were mainly used as a strategic toolfor corporate communication that can enhance stakeholder participation and engagement.Results showed that Puerto Rican companies are not employing social media platforms forimproving communications with different stakeholders, failing to take advantage of theenormous possibilities that social media has for communication./Compańías alrededor del mundo están utilizando los medios sociales para diferentespropósitos: servicio al cliente, mercadeo, comunicaciones internas, relaciones públicas oresponsabilidad social corporativa, etc. Hoy en día es una realidad que los medios socialesestán cambiando la manera en que se comunican las compańías con los distintos públicos deinterés, trayendo consigo oportunidades para la colaboración, el intercambio de ideas, laparticipación y el compromiso. En la actualidad los medios sociales son concebidos en elmundo corporativo como un socio estratégico comunicativo, brindando oportunidadesnuevas y únicas para el fomento de un diálogo efectivo con diferentes públicos. Somostestigos de una nueva era digital donde los consumidores se están convirtiendo en usuariosactivos en vez de permanecer como individuos pasivos, cambiando así dramáticamentecómo la sociedad opera. Pero, żson los medios sociales utilizados ampliamente por lasempresas con el fin de facilitar y mejorar las comunicaciones? Esta investigación pretendedescubrir el uso que las empresas puertorriqueńas le dan a las distintas plataformas demedios sociales. Un análisis de contenido fue realizado a las páginas oficiales de Facebook yTwitter de las 400 mejores empresas locales de Puerto Rico del ańo 2009. El objetivoprincipal fue descubrir si los medios sociales son utilizados principalmente como unaherramienta estratégica para la comunicación corporativa, fomentando así la participaciónde distintos públicos en conversaciones. Los resultados encontrados indican que lascompańías puertorriqueńas no utilizan los medios sociales para el fomento de lacomunicación con sus distintos públicos de interés, fallando en tomar ventaja de losenormes beneficios que los medios sociales ofrecen para la comunicación.
Methodical Ways of Enhancement of Personal Communicative Competence as a Social Constant at the Innovative University
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Natalya Anatolyevna Belova
Full Text Available The article presents the specifics of personal communicative competence as a social constant and its place among other social constants. The authors define personal communicative competence as the basic on effort he professional competence, a meaningful and essential constant. The ways of enhancement of a bachelor's communicative competence in "Russian Language. Literature", "Russian language. History" at the pedagogical college are studied. The paper presents a complex of special tasks, suggested to the students in the course of such subjects as "Pedagogical rhetoric", "Theory and methodic of teaching Russian" and others. The authors mention some peculiarities of methodical workshops as an educational technology and a classes conducting format, which lets one improve methodical and communicative competence of a future teacher. The principles of the theoretical analyses of communicative situations components at a methodic workshop class are demonstrated by the example of professionally oriented texts critique.
The persistence of social signatures in human communication
Saramaki, J; Lopez, E; Roberts, S G B; Reed-Tsochas, F; Dunbar, R I M
The social brain hypothesis has suggested that social network size (and structure) is constrained by a combination of cognitive processes and the time required to service social relationships. We test this hypothesis in humans using a unique 18-month mobile phone dataset by examining changes in the structure of social networks across a major change in subjects' social and geographical circumstances. Our analysis reveals that the time allocation patterns of call frequency by participants to network members have a distinctive overall shape, where a small number of top-ranked network members received a disproportionately large fraction of calls, with some individual variation. However, importantly, whilst there was a large turnover of individual network members, these changes have little effect on the time allocation patterns of each individual: individuals thus displayed a distinctive "social signature" that was both persistent over time and independent of the identities of the network members. This provides th...
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Serban Corina
Full Text Available The development of the Internet as a medium for interaction with customers has resulted in many changes regarding the promotion of organizations. Online marketing is nowadays used not only to sell a product on the market, but also requires ideas and behavioral change. Non-profit organizations active in online communication are based on the quality of their provided information. Crediblity, attractiveness and usefullness are the key elements that provide effective online social programs. This paper aims to extend the scope of research in the field of social marketing by studying the Ohanian model in the online environment. The goal is to highlight the important theories and social models intrinsic to the online non-profit organizations' communication. The results show that the efficiency of social programs depends on the level of incorporated elements of social theories in the design, content and structure of the website.
Predicting Social Networking Site Use and Online Communication Practices among Adolescents: The Role of Access and Device Ownership
Drew P. Cingel; Alexis R. Lauricella; Ellen Wartella; Annie Conway
Given adolescents' heavy social media use, this study examined a number of predictors of adolescent social media use, as well as predictors of online communication practices. Using data collected from a national sample of 467 adolescents between the ages of 13 and 17, results indicate that demographics, technology access, and technology ownership are related to social media use and communication practices. Specifically, females log onto and use more constructive com-munication practices on Fa...
Measuring social communication behaviors as a treatment endpoint in individuals with autism spectrum disorder.
Anagnostou, Evdokia; Jones, Nancy; Huerta, Marisela; Halladay, Alycia K; Wang, Paul; Scahill, Lawrence; Horrigan, Joseph P; Kasari, Connie; Lord, Cathy; Choi, Dennis; Sullivan, Katherine; Dawson, Geraldine
Social communication impairments are a core deficit in autism spectrum disorder. Social communication deficit is also an early indicator of autism spectrum disorder and a factor in long-term outcomes. Thus, this symptom domain represents a critical treatment target. Identifying reliable and valid outcome measures for social communication across a range of treatment approaches is essential. Autism Speaks engaged a panel of experts to evaluate the readiness of available measures of social communication for use as outcome measures in clinical trials. The panel held monthly conference calls and two face-to-face meetings over 14?months. Key criteria used to evaluate measures included the relevance to the clinical target, coverage of the symptom domain, and psychometric properties (validity and reliability, as well as evidence of sensitivity to change). In all, 38 measures were evaluated and 6 measures were considered appropriate for use, with some limitations. This report discusses the relative strengths and weaknesses of existing social communication measures for use in clinical trials and identifies specific areas in need of further development. PMID:25096930
Social Media for School Communication. Research into Practice
Williamson, Ronald
It's easy to dismiss social media as a fascination of young people but to do so minimizes one of the fastest growing trends in technology. The Pew Internet and American Life Project recently found that over 71% of teens have a Facebook profile and 75% of adults have one too. Social media tools have become the way for a school or business to…
Communicating Social Support to Grieving Clients: The Veterinarians' View
Pilgram, Mary D.
This exploratory study examines veterinarians' perceptions of how they offer social support to grieving clients. Because many clients cannot find the social support they would like from other sources when grieving the death of a pet, the role of the vet in offering support becomes increasingly important. The results indicate that vets perceive…
Dynamic Social Impact Theory and the Study of Human Communication.
Fink, Edward L.
Introduces six articles comprising a symposium on dynamic social impact theory--a theory discussing the creation, maintenance, structuring, and alteration of attitude, beliefs, and belief systems; the dynamics of social influence; and the role of human ecology in the formation of belief and belief systems. Discusses theoretical premises and…
Communication on Corporate Social Responsibility and Sustainable Development in France
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Lassaad Ben Mahjoub
Full Text Available France is located at the crossroads of major European cultural currents, between Northern Europe and the Mediterranean, his attention to the preservation of corporate social responsibility and sustainable development has evolved in recent years by taking several attempts and measures. Many studies were interested to evaluate the scope of social and environmental disclosure by using different measures; these criteria do not cover all features which can reflect all social and environmental concerns.We attempt to determine the level of corporate social responsibility disclosure in France by a new measure; it takes the form of an index; for this, we use a content analysis of annual reports in order to evaluate the items which describe the impact of firm activity on environment and community.Our findings show an acceptable level of social and environmental disclosure, in French companies, compared to others studies.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.erem.61.3.1393
Social media and language learning: enhancing intercultural communicative competence
Le Baron-Earle, Florence
Researchers have established that cultural openness is essential in language teaching. Indeed, it is believed that languages cannot be appropriately understood without appreciating the culture in which they are developed, and empathising with the people who communicate through them. However questions have been raised as to how to enhance awareness of intercultural communicative competence (ICC) most effectively. Teachers have implemented a number of educational methods with the aim to promote...
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Elena Nicolaevna Klemenova
Full Text Available The article describes the experience in teaching the course "Social and Speech Communication". As the result of training the students are to master the arsenal of means for effective communication, the base of which turns out to be linguistic communication and its bearer that is the language personality, get knowledge about complex processes of information exchange, discover the psychological peculiarities of verbal and non-verbal communication, learn how to communicate for solving professional and personal problems.The skill of fluent mastering all kinds of speech activity, the skill of correct and intellectual communication in various spheres and structures, the skill of speech event linguistic analysis including from the point of view of their esthetical value represent the unity of systemic and individual approach in the sphere of humanitarian training for future architects, designers and managers.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/2218-7405-2013-7-43
Comunicación para el cambio social: clave del desarrollo participativo / Communication For Social Change: A Key For Participatory Development
Scientific Electronic Library Online (English)
Full Text Available El artículo revisa los conceptos clave de la comunicación para el desarrollo y el cambio social desde sus orígenes, en los ańos posteriores a la Segunda Guerra Mundial, hasta nuestros días. Dos corrientes principales se distinguen durante las cinco d´cadas pasadas: por una parte, una comunicación in [...] spirada en las teorías de la modernización y en t´cnicas derivadas de las estrategias de información utilizadas por el gobierno de Estados Unidos durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial y por la industria norteamericana para publicitar sus productos comerciales; y por otra, una comunicación nacida de las luchas sociales anticoloniales y antidictatoriales del Tercer Mundo, que tienen su referente acad´mico en las teorías de la dependencia. Abstract in english This paper is a review of key concepts on communication for development and social change form its origins after World War ii, until today. Two main trends have dominated over the five last decades: on the one hand, communication models inspired by modernization theories and techniques derived from [...] the information strategies used by the us Government during World War ii and by the industrial sector struggling to position its post-war products; on the other, communication approaches that emerged in the heat of the social and political struggles against colonial and dictatorial powers imposed on Third World countries, which find their academic and conceptual reference points in the dependency theories.
STor: Social Network based Anonymous Communication in Tor
Zhou, Peng; Chen, Ang; Chang, Rocky K C
Anonymity networks hide user identities with the help of relayed anonymity routers. However, the state-of-the-art anonymity networks do not provide an effective trust model. As a result, users cannot circumvent malicious or vulnerable routers, thus making them susceptible to malicious router based attacks (e.g., correlation attacks). In this paper, we propose a novel social network based trust model to help anonymity networks circumvent malicious routers and obtain secure anonymity. In particular, we design an input independent fuzzy model to determine trust relationships between friends based on qualitative and quantitative social attributes, both of which can be readily obtained from existing social networks. Moreover, we design an algorithm for propagating trust over an anonymity network. We integrate these two components in STor, a novel social network based Tor. We have implemented STor by modifying the Tor's source code and conducted experiments on PlanetLab to evaluate the effectiveness of STor. Both s...
Attention on Weak Ties in Social and Communication Networks
Weng, Lilian; Perra, Nicola; Menczer, Filippo; Flammini, Alessandro
Granovetter's weak tie theory of social networks is built around two central hypotheses. The first states that strong social ties carry the large majority of interaction events; the second maintains that weak social ties, although less active, are often relevant for the exchange of especially important information (e.g., about potential new jobs in Granovetter's work). While several empirical studies have provided support for the first hypothesis, the second has been the object of far less scrutiny. A possible reason is that it involves notions relative to the nature and importance of the information that are hard to quantify and measure, especially in large scale studies. Here, we search for empirical validation of both Granovetter's hypotheses. We find clear empirical support for the first. We also provide empirical evidence and a quantitative interpretation for the second. We show that attention, measured as the fraction of interactions devoted to a particular social connection, is high on weak ties --- po...
Communication technology and social media: opportunities and implications for healthcare systems.
Weaver, Betsy; Lindsay, Bill; Gitelman, Betsy
Electronic patient education and communications, such as email, text messaging, and social media, are on the rise in healthcare today. This article explores potential uses of technology to seek solutions in healthcare for such challenges as modifying behaviors related to chronic conditions, improving efficiency, and decreasing costs. A brief discussion highlights the role of technologies in healthcare informatics and considers two theoretical bases for technology implementation. Discussion focuses more extensively on the ability and advantages of electronic communication technology, such as e-mail, social media, text messaging, and electronic health records, to enhance patient-provider e-communications in nursing today. Effectiveness of e-communication in healthcare is explored, including recent and emerging applications designed to improve patient-provider connections and review of current evidence supporting positive outcomes. The conclusion addresses the vision of nurses' place in the vanguard of these developments. PMID:23036059
Social Action through Educational Strategies: Ethics and the Election of Communication Etudies in Spain
Olmo-arriaga, Josep-llui?s Del; Fondevila-gasco?n, Joan-francesc; Carreras-alcalde, Marta
The study of social action through educational strategies inspires the weight of ethic factors to choose Communication studies. It allows aprioristic data about the ethics in the future journalists and mass media professionals. It also collaborates in the marketing strategies. In our study we analyze the impact of ethics and values in the students' choice of Communication studies in the Spanish University. We analyze the impact degree of ethics and Christian values in the selection process....
Social communication :the impact of online customer reviews on purchase intention
Johansen, Kai Vegard; Hovland, Filip Lundberg
Consumer-generated product reviews have proliferated online. Driven by the notion that customers' decision to purchase a product is influenced by the information they obtain from online customer reviews, this thesis examines the impact of online customer reviews on purchase intention. To do so, the research integrates traditional communication theories, in particular social communication by Hovland (1948), with the Elaboration Likelihood Model (ELM) to build a theoretical model. Importantly...
Assessing the marketing potential of communicating corporate social responsibility of a supply chain: method and application
Verhees, F.J.H.M.; Kuipers, A (André); Meulenberg, M.T.G.
Abstract This article provides a method to assess the marketing potential of communicating corporate social responsibility of (agricultural) supply chains. The willingness of small firms in agricultural supply chains to make available information about certain dimensions of CSR is measured and combined with the dimensions of CSR that are important for consumers. This will identify the CSR dimensions that are easiest to communicate and which are most needed by consumers. Moreover, small firms...
New Tech, New Ties: : How mobile communication is reshaping social cohesion
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Ling, Richard
The message of this book is simple: the mobile phone strengthens social bonds among family and friends. With a traditional land-line telephone, we place calls to a location and ask hopefully if someone is "there"; with a mobile phone, we have instant and perpetual access to friends and family regardless of where they are. But when we are engaged in these intimate conversations with absent friends, what happens to our relationship with the people who are actually in the same room with us? In New Tech, New Ties, Rich Ling examines how the mobile telephone affects both kinds of interactions—those mediated by mobile communication and those that are face to face. Ling finds that through the use of various social rituals the mobile telephone strengthens social ties within the circle of friends and family—sometimes at the expense of interaction with those who are physically present—and creates what he calls "bounded solidarity." Ling argues that mobile communication helps to engender and develop social cohesion within the family and the peer group. Drawing on the work of Emile Durkheim, Erving Goffman, and Randall Collins, Ling shows that ritual interaction is a catalyst for the development of social bonding. From this perspective, he examines how mobile communication affects face-to-face ritual situations and how ritual is used in interaction mediated by mobile communication. He looks at the evidence, including interviews and observations from around the world, that documents the effect of mobile communication on social bonding and also examines some of the other possibly problematic issues raised by tighter social cohesion in small groups.
Second Life: A Strong Communication Tool in Social Networking and Business
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Sharma Gajendra
Full Text Available The objective of this study is to present different communication methods in Second Life virtual world, its implication on social networking, business and future scope. The current study is a review of various literatures relating to social networking, virtual community, virtual reality and online business in Second Life. The study has shown the strong and competitive advantages of Second Life among other virtual worlds and the contributions it has made on real life through communication and its impact on social networking and online business opportunities in virtual environment. The outcome of the findings have real world implication and useful to policy makers, managers and leaders for sharing information and decision making. The Second Life virtual environment based on web 2.0 technology has opened a wide platform on social, behavioral and information system research.
The Importance of Packaging and Graphic Design to Communicate Corporate Social Responsibility
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Listia Natadjaja
Full Text Available Graphic design's function develops through time. It does not only function to inform a product but also elements to communicate Corporate Social Responsibility. As happened in catastrophic areas in Indonesia like Aceh in 2004, Nias in 2005, Jogjakarta in 2007, Bekasi District in 2009, etc. many donated products had their contributor's information, especially the ones from corporations. There are many ways a company could implement their social responsibility. Graphic design cannot stand alone, it needs an effective media for its placement, one of them is packaging design. By using a Biskiz Susu packaging design as a case study, I try to analyze the design elements, like color, shape, brand, illustration/character, typography, and layout and then connect them with aspects like: the visual perception impact of packaging design and the importance in communicating Corporate Social Responsibility. For input information, I also discuss some consideration aspects of placing the contributor's identity on the packaging. Based on this study, the contributor's information in the products gives many advantages. The result shows that graphic design could be the effective element for communicating Corporate Social Responsibility and packaging design can be one of the recommended media for graphic design placement. Hopefully, this analysis could help a corporation, organization or the government in organizing the graphic design elements and considering a packaging as a medium to communicate Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR.
Intelligently Connecting People - Facilitating Socially Appropriate communication in Mobile and Office Environments
Danninger, Maria
The mobile phone has fundamentally changed our basic mechanics of social life. The research presented in this thesis will try to shed light on most important design trade-offs and strategies when negotiating between desirable communication and unwanted interruption, and has a significant contribution to make to the discussion of how technology can and should facilitate future mobile phone interactions: both by pushing the state of the art technologically and in socially intelligent design.
Communication perspectives on social networking and citizen journalism challenges to traditional newspapers
Katz, James E.
Communication perspectives are presented on the challenges posed to traditional newspapers by social media and citizen journalism, with special reference to the United States. This is an important topic given the critical role investigative reporting, long the domain of newspapers, plays in fostering democratic practices. New Media and social networking technology are evaluated in terms of their impact on the newspaper enterprise. Alternative scenarios for future developments are examined as ...
A comparative study on communication structures of Chinese journals in the social sciences
Zhou, Ping; Su, Xinning; Leydesdorff, Loet
We argue that the communication structures in the Chinese social sciences have not yet been sufficiently reformed. Citation patterns among Chinese domestic journals in three subject areas -- political science and marxism, library and information science, and economics -- are compared with their counterparts internationally. Like their colleagues in the natural and life sciences, Chinese scholars in the social sciences provide fewer references to journal publications than the...
Signaling and Reciprocity: Robust Decentralized Information Flows in Social, Communication, and Computer Networks
Galuba, Wojciech
Complex networks exist for a number of purposes. The neural, metabolic and food networks ensure our survival, while the social, economic, transportation and communication networks allow us to prosper. Independently of the purposes and particularities of the physical embodiment of the networks, one of their fundamental functions is the delivery of information from one part of the network to another. Gossip and diseases diffuse in the social networks, ...
The Importance of Packaging and Graphic Design to Communicate Corporate Social Responsibility
Listia Natadjaja
Graphic design's function develops through time. It does not only function to inform a product but also elements to communicate Corporate Social Responsibility. As happened in catastrophic areas in Indonesia like Aceh in 2004, Nias in 2005, Jogjakarta in 2007, Bekasi District in 2009, etc. many donated products had their contributor's information, especially the ones from corporations. There are many ways a company could implement their social responsibility. Graphic design cannot stand a...
Repetitive Behavior and Restricted Interests in Young Children with Autism: Comparisons with Controls and Stability Over Two Years
Joseph, Lisa; Thurm, Audrey; Farmer, Cristan; Shumway, Stacy
Restricted, repetitive and stereotyped patterns of behavior, interests and activities (RRBs) are among the core symptoms of autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Previous studies have indicated that RRBs differentiate ASD from other developmental disorders and from typical development. This study examined the presentation of RRBs as reported on the Repetitive Behavior Scale-Revised (Bodfish, Symons, Parker & Lewis, 2000), a caregiver report, in children with ASD (separated into autism and Pervasive Developmental Disorder-Not Otherwise Specified groups) compared to children with non-spectrum developmental delays or typical development. We examined the role of age, cognitive functioning, sex and social communication impairment as they relate to RRBs. The stability of RRBs in children with autism was also examined over the course of two years. Results of the study confirmed that the amount and type of RRBs differs by diagnosis. Age, cognitive functioning, sex and social-communication impairment were not significant correlates. Among children with autism, RRBs remained stable over time. PMID:23868881
Repetitive behavior and restricted interests in young children with autism: comparisons with controls and stability over 2 years.
Joseph, Lisa; Thurm, Audrey; Farmer, Cristan; Shumway, Stacy
Restricted, repetitive and stereotyped patterns of behavior, interests and activities [RRBs] are among the core symptoms of autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Previous studies have indicated that RRBs differentiate ASD from other developmental disorders and from typical development. This study examined the presentation of RRBs as reported on the Repetitive Behavior Scale-Revised, a caregiver report, in children with ASD [separated into autism and Pervasive Developmental Disorder-Not Otherwise Specified groups] compared with children with nonspectrum developmental delays or typical development. We examined the role of age, cognitive functioning, sex and social communication impairment as they relate to RRBs. The stability of RRBs in children with autism was also examined over the course of 2 years. Results of the study confirmed that the amount and type of RRBs differs by diagnosis. Age, cognitive functioning, sex and social-communication impairment were not significant correlates. Among children with autism, RRBs remained stable over time. PMID:23868881
Beyond ATS-6: Social Uses of Communications Satellites.
Cater, Douglass
A panel discussion was held to examine the efficacy of the Applications Technology Satellites, powerful communication satellites designed to send quality signals to low-cost ground terminals. The satellites have been used on an experimental basis in rural America, Canada, and India. While the panel generally agreed on the great potential of the…
Semiochemicals of Social Insects: From Communication to Defence.
Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database
Valterová, Irena
Seoul : The Korean Society for Applied Biological Chemistry, 2012, s. 84-86. [2012 International Symposium and Annual Meeting of the KSABC. Gwangju (KR), 08.11.2012-10.11.2012] Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z40550506 Keywords : insect communication * insect defence * pheromones Subject RIV: CC - Organic Chemistry
Socializing Messages in Blue-Collar Families: Communicative Pathways to Social Mobility and Reproduction
Lucas, Kristen
This study explicitly links processes of anticipatory socialization to social mobility and reproduction. An examination of the socializing messages exchanged between blue-collar parents (n = 41) and their children (n = 25) demonstrate that family-based messages about work and career seldom occur in straightforward, unambiguous ways. Instead,…
Social Action through Educational Strategies: Ethics and the Election of Communication Etudies in Spain
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Josep-Lluís del OLMO-ARRIAGA
Full Text Available The study of social action through educational strategies inspires the weight of ethic factors to choose Communication studies. It allows aprioristic data about the ethics in the future journalists and mass media professionals. It also collaborates in the marketing strategies. In our study we analyze the impact of ethics and values in the students' choice of Communication studies in the Spanish University. We analyze the impact degree of ethics and Christian values in the selection process. We observe a high influence of ethics (humanistic and holistic ethics in the training, religious orientation as a factor considered to select the Communication studies.
The Construction of Corporate Social Responsibility in Network Societies : A Communication View
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Schultz, Friederike; Castello, Itziar
The paper introduces the communication view on Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), which regards CSR as communicatively constructed in dynamic interaction processes in today's networked societies. Building on the idea that communication constitutes organizations we discuss the potentially indeterminate, disintegrative, and conflictual character of CSR. We hereby challenge established mainstream views on CSR such as the instrumental view, which regards CSR as an organizational instrument to reach organizational aims such as improved reputation and financial performance, and the political-normative view on CSR, which highlights the societal conditions and role of corporations in creating norms. We argue that both the established views, by not sufficiently acknowledging communication dynamics in networked societies, remain biased in three ways: control-biased, consistency-biased, and consensus-biased. We discuss implications of these biases and propose a future research agenda for the communication view on CSR.
The Impact of the Advancing Social-Communication and Play (ASAP) Intervention on Preschoolers with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Dykstra, Jessica R.; Boyd, Brian A.; Watson, Linda R.; Crais, Elizabeth R.; Baranek, Grace T.
This study evaluates an intervention targeting social-communication and play skills (Advancing Social-communication and Play; ASAP) implemented by school staff in a public preschool setting. With increases in enrollment of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in school systems, establishing the effectiveness and feasibility of…
Developing a Schedule to Identify Social Communication Difficulties and Autism Spectrum Disorder in Young Children with Visual Impairment
Absoud, Michael; Parr, Jeremy R.; Salt, Alison; Dale, Naomi
Available observational tools used in the identification of social communication difficulties and diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) rely partly on visual behaviours and therefore may not be valid in children with visual impairment. A pilot observational instrument, the Visual Impairment and Social Communication Schedule (VISS), was…
Differential Associations between Sensory Response Patterns and Language, Social, and Communication Measures in Children with Autism or Other Developmental Disabilities
Watson, Linda R.; Patten, Elena; Baranek, Grace T.; Poe, Michele; Boyd, Brian A.; Freuler, Ashley; Lorenzi, Jill
Purpose: To examine patterns of sensory responsiveness (i.e., hyperresponsiveness, hyporesponsiveness, and sensory seeking) as factors that may account for variability in social-communicative symptoms of autism and variability in language, social, and communication skill development in children with autism or other developmental disabilities…
The Negative Repetition Effect
Mulligan, Neil W.; Peterson, Daniel J.
A fundamental property of human memory is that repetition enhances memory. Peterson and Mulligan (2012) recently documented a surprising "negative repetition effect," in which participants who studied a list of cue-target pairs twice recalled fewer targets than a group who studied the pairs only once. Words within a pair rhymed, and…
Ethics, Social Media and Mass Self-Communication
Vaagan, Robert Wallace
Un modčle révisé de l'éthique en matičre d'information est présenté. Il peut s'avérer utile dans l'analyse des défis éthiques, dans ce que Manuel Castells décrit comme un systčme émergent d'"auto-communication de masse" dans lequel les media sociaux jouent un rôle-clé. Le modčle identifie trois sources ou spécificités de notre čre de l'information qui débouchent sur cinq problčmes éthiques liés ŕ cinq droits individuels. Alors que le systčme d'...
Anticipatory smiling: Linking early affective communication and social outcome
Parlade, Meaghan Venezia; Messinger, Daniel S.; Delgado, Christine E. F.; Kaiser, Marygrace Yale; Hecke, Amy Vaughan; Mundy, Peter C.
In anticipatory smiles, infants appear to communicate pre-existing positive affect by smiling at an object and then turning the smile toward an adult. We report two studies in which the precursors, development, and consequences of anticipatory smiling were investigated. Study 1 revealed a positive correlation between infant smiling at 6 months and the level of anticipatory smiling at 8 and 10 months during joint attention episodes, as well as a positive correlation between anticipatory smilin...
Pro-social ultrasonic communication in rats: insights from playback studies.
Seffer, Dominik; Schwarting, Rainer K W; Wöhr, Markus
Rodent ultrasonic vocalizations (USV) serve as situation-dependent affective signals and convey important communicative functions. In the rat, three major USV types exist: (I) 40-kHz USV, which are emitted by pups during social isolation; (II) 22-kHz USV, which are produced by juvenile and adult rats in aversive situations, including social defeat; and (III) 50-kHz USV, which are uttered by juvenile and adult rats in appetitive situations, including rough-and-tumble play. Here, evidence for a communicative function of 50-kHz USV is reviewed, focusing on findings obtained in the recently developed 50-kHz USV radial maze playback paradigm. Up to now, the following five acoustic stimuli were tested in this paradigm: (A) natural 50-kHz USV, (B) natural 22-kHz USV, (C) artificial 50-kHz sine wave tones, (D) artificial time- and amplitude-matched white noise, and (E) background noise. All studies using the 50-kHz USV radial maze playback paradigm indicate that 50-kHz USV serve a pro-social affiliative function as social contact calls. While playback of the different kinds of acoustic stimuli used so far elicited distinct behavioral response patterns, 50-kHz USV consistently led to social approach behavior in the recipient, indicating that pro-social ultrasonic communication can be studied in a reliable and highly standardized manner by means of the 50-kHz USV radial maze playback paradigm. This appears to be particularly relevant for rodent models of neurodevelopmental disorders, as there is a tremendous need for reliable behavioral assays with face validity to social communication deficits seen in autism and schizophrenia in order to study underlying genetic and neurobiological alterations. PMID:24508146
Social media as a new channel for company communication on the example of clothing company
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
A. Widawska-Stanisz
Full Text Available The evolution of marketing orientations, issues of company and market communication are submitted in the article. The role of social media and its using by companies and their customers are pointed. The author of this article has presented the results of the research conducted with young citizens of Silesia Voivodeship.
Communication, Academic, and Social Skills of Young Adults with Hearing Loss
Eriks-Brophy, Alice; Durieux-Smith, Andree; Olds, Janet; Fitzpatrick, Elizabeth M.; Duquette, Cheryll; Whittingham, JoAnne
This manuscript reports on data collected as part of a larger research study designed to investigate factors that facilitate the integration of children with hearing loss into mainstream environments. Aspects of communicative, academic, and social functioning for 43 adolescents and young adults were examined using questionnaires. In addition,…
Emotional Intelligence, Communication Competence, and Student Perceptions of Team Social Cohesion
Troth, Ashlea C.; Jordan, Peter J.; Lawrence, Sandra A.
Students generally report poor experiences of group work in university settings. This study examines whether individual student perceptions of team social cohesion are determined by their level of emotional intelligence (EI) and whether this relationship is mediated by their communication skills. Business students (N = 273) completed the 16-item…
Communication Privacy Disclosure Management: An Empirical Study of Socialization Support in a Pseudo-Online Course
Heo, Misook
This study investigated the boundaries of online learners' information disclosure, relationship building, interpersonal integration, and motivation by drawing upon the theoretical frameworks of the social information processing and communication privacy management theories and the hyperpersonal model. A total of 103 students from a higher…
Social Networking and Pedagogical Variations: An Integrated Approach for Effective Interpersonal and Group Communications Skills Development
Okoro, Ephraim
Electronic communication and social networking are effective and useful tools in the process of teaching and learning and have increasingly improved the quality of students' learning outcomes in higher education in recent years. The system encourages and supports students' active engagement, collaboration, and participation in class activities and…
Private and Inner Speech and the Regulation of Social Speech Communication
San Martin Martinez, Conchi; Boada i Calbet, Humbert; Feigenbaum, Peter
To further investigate the possible regulatory role of private and inner speech in the context of referential social speech communications, a set of clear and systematically applied measures is needed. This study addresses this need by introducing a rigorous method for identifying private speech and certain sharply defined instances of inaudible…
Predicting Improvement in Social-Communication Symptoms of Autism Spectrum Disorders Using Retrospective Treatment Data
Mazurek, Micah O.; Kanne, Stephen M.; Miles, Judith H.
Data from 1433 children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) participating in the Simons Simplex Collection were examined to (1) investigate change in social-communication symptoms, and (2) examine predictors of improvement, particularly community-based treatments. Measures included the "Autism Diagnostic Interview--Revised"…
The Use of Innovative Computer Technology for Teaching Social Communication to Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorders
Wainer, Allison L.; Ingersoll, Brooke R.
For individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD), the use of technology to provide intervention, particularly targeting the core social-communication deficits of the disorder, is promising. This literature review will examine studies that have used innovative technology, such as interactive computer programs and virtual reality, to deliver…
Links between Co-Occurring Social-Communication and Hyperactive-Inattentive Trait Trajectories
St. Pourcain, Beate; Mandy, William P.; Heron, Jon; Golding, Jean; Smith, George Davey; Skuse, David H.
Objective: There is overlap between an autistic and hyperactive-inattentive symptomatology when studied cross-sectionally. This study is the first to examine the longitudinal pattern of association between social-communication deficits and hyperactive-inattentive symptoms in the general population, from childhood through adolescence. We explored…
Communication and Social Presence: The Impact on Adult Learners' Emotions in Distance Learning
Angelaki, Christina; Mavroidis, Ilias
The aim of this work is to examine the role of communication and social presence in distance learning environments and their impact on the emotions of adult learners. A study was conducted at the Hellenic Open University (HOU), using a questionnaire that was completed by 94 undergraduate and postgraduate students. More than 94% of the students…
Parent-Implemented Social-Pragmatic Communication Intervention: A Pilot Study
Meadan, Hedda; Angell, Maureen E.; Stoner, Julia B.; Daczewitz, Marcus E.
This pilot study investigated the feasibility and effectiveness of a home-based parent training and coaching program on the use of naturalistic and visual teaching strategies by parents of children (aged 2-5 years) with Down syndrome to promote and enhance these children's social-pragmatic communication skills. Five parent…
Social Media Use to Enhance Internal Communication: Course Design for Business Students
Young, Amy M.; Hinesly, Mary D.
Organizations are increasingly using social media to improve their internal communication. When successfully implemented, such initiatives can have a dramatic impact on internal efficiency, team collaboration, innovation, organizational alignment, and cultural transformation. This article describes a course offered by the Ross School of Business,…
Communication and Social Deficits in Relatives of Individuals with SLI and Relatives of Individuals with ASD
Pickles, Andrew; St Clair, Michelle C.; Conti-Ramsden, Gina
We investigate two aspects of the autism triad, communication and social difficulties, in relatives of specific language impairment (SLI) probands (with and without additional autistic symptomatology) as compared to relatives of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and Down's syndrome (DS) probands. Findings involving 726 first degree relatives of 85…
Psychometric Properties of the Chinese Version of the Social Communication Questionnaire
Gau, Susan Shur-Fen; Lee, Chi-Mei; Lai, Meng-Chuan; Chiu, Yen-Nan; Huang, Ya-Fen; Kao, Jen-Der; Wu, Yu-Yu
This study aimed to examine the psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the Social Communication Questionnaire (SCQ). We assessed 736 participants (male, 80.1%) aged 2-18, who were clinically diagnosed with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) including autistic disorder, Asperger's disorder, or pervasive developmental disorders, not…
Performance of the Social Communication Questionnaire in Children Receiving Preschool Special Education Services
Lee, Li-Ching; David, Angeline B.; Rusyniak, Julie; Landa, Rebecca; Newschaffer, Craig J.
To assess the performance of the Social Communication Questionnaire (SCQ) in identifying children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD), this study screened 268 children identified as receiving preschool special education services. Parent-reported ASD diagnosis, education department recorded autism special education classification, ADI-R autism,…
Exploring the Potential of Social Network Sites in Relation to Intercultural Communication
Lang, Anouk
This article reports on the results of a project which used a social network site to support students on a year abroad and foster informal learning, particularly in the area of intercultural communication. The project employed a peer-mentoring structure to solve the problem of role conflict, in which users of these sites may feel some tension as…
Parents' Adoption of Social Communication Intervention Strategies: Families Including Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder Who Are Minimally Verbal
Shire, Stephanie Y.; Goods, Kelly; Shih, Wendy; Distefano, Charlotte; Kaiser, Ann; Wright, Courtney; Mathy, Pamela; Landa, Rebecca; Kasari, Connie
Notably absent from the intervention literature are parent training programs targeting school-aged children with autism who have limited communication skills (Tager-Flusberg and Kasari in "Autism Res" 6:468-478, 2013). Sixty-one children with autism age 5-8 with minimal spontaneous communication received a 6-month social communication…
Towards a Renaissance in Communication for Social Change Redefining the discipline and practice in the post 'Arab Spring' era
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Tufte, Thomas
Worldwide, we have experienced a resurgence in practices of bottom-up communication for social change, a plethora of agency in which voice, citizenship and collective action have centre stage as core values, principles and practices. This resurgence sparks a series of questions; How are these new calls for social change and their principles and communicative practices influencing and informing the thinking and practice of institutionalized communication for development and social change? And what are the underlying conceptual differences in the notions of action, participation and social change which inform the new generation of social movements, on one side, and the established field of communication for social change, on the other? These are the questions that drive this chapter.
Brain serotonin deficiency leads to social communication deficits in mice.
Beis, D; Holzwarth, K; Flinders, M; Bader, M; Wöhr, M; Alenina, N
A deficit in brain serotonin is thought to be associated with deteriorated stress coping behaviour, affective disorders and exaggerated violence. We challenged this hypothesis in mice with a brain-specific serotonin depletion caused by a tryptophan hydroxylase 2 (TPH2) deficiency. We tested TPH2-deficient (Tph2(-/-)) animals in two social situations. As juveniles, Tph2(-/-) mice displayed reduced social contacts, whereas ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) were unchanged within same-sex same-genotype pairings. Interestingly, juvenile females vocalized more than males across genotypes. Sexually naive adult males were exposed to fresh male or female urine, followed by an interaction with a conspecific, and re-exposed to urine. Although Tph2(-/-) mice showed normal sexual preference, they were hyper-aggressive towards their interaction partners and did not vocalize in response to sexual cues. These results highlight that central serotonin is essential for prosocial behaviour, especially USV production in adulthood, but not for sexual preference. PMID:25808003
STor: Social Network based Anonymous Communication in Tor
Zhou, Peng; Luo, Xiapu; Chen, Ang; Rocky K. C. Chang
Anonymity networks hide user identities with the help of relayed anonymity routers. However, the state-of-the-art anonymity networks do not provide an effective trust model. As a result, users cannot circumvent malicious or vulnerable routers, thus making them susceptible to malicious router based attacks (e.g., correlation attacks). In this paper, we propose a novel social network based trust model to help anonymity networks circumvent malicious routers and obtain secure an...
The Role of Communication and Trust in Global Virtual Teams : A Social Network Perspective
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Sarker, Saonee; Ahuja, Manju
The importance of communication and trust in the context of global virtual teams has been noted and reiterated in the information systems (IS) literature. Yet precisely how communication and trust influence certain outcomes within virtual teams remains unresolved. In this study, we seek to contribute some clarity to the understanding of the theoretical linkages among trust, communication, and member performance in virtual teams. To this end, we identify and test three proposed models (additive, interaction, and mediation) describing the role of trust in its relationship with communication to explain performance. In testing the relationships, we note that the concepts of communication and trust are inherently relational and not properties of individuals. Thus, we argue that a social network approach is potentially more appropriate than attribute-based approaches that have been utilized in prior research. Our results indicate that the "mediating" model best explains how communication and trust work together to influence performance. Overall, the study contributes to the existing body of knowledge on virtual teams by empirically reconciling conflicting views regarding the interrelationships between key constructs in the literature. Further, the study, through its adoption of the social network analysis approach, provides awareness within the IS research community of the strengths of applying network approaches in examining new organizational forms.
Unpacking Social Media's Role in Resource Provision: Variations across Relational and Communicative Properties
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Jessica Vitak
Full Text Available New information and communication technologies (ICTs challenge existing beliefs regarding the exchange of social resources within a network. The present study examines individuals' perceived access to social, emotional, and instrumental resources by analyzing relational and Facebook-specific characteristics of dyadic relationships. Results suggest that the social and technical affordances of the site—including visibility of content and connections, as well as streamlined processes for interacting with a large audience—may augment existing perceptions of resource access for some ties while providing a major (or sole outlet to interact and exchange resources with others. Specifically, weaker ties appear to benefit more than strong ties from engagement in directed communication and relationship maintenance strategies, while additional variations were observed across relationship category, dyad composition, and geographic proximity. In summary, these findings provide new evidence for how positive relational gains may be derived from site use.
Two Forms of Spoken Repetition in a Girl with Autism
Stribling, Penny; Rae, John; Dickerson, Paul
Background: The talk of persons with autistic spectrum disorders (ASD) often features distinctive forms of repetition (echophenomena). Although often characterized as meaningless or inappropriate, there is evidence that such practices can sometimes have communicative functions. Aims: To investigate the interactional organization of repetition…
On building socially responsible printing: an Organizational Communication Based Study Carried out on Higher Education Institution
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Silvio Luiz Paula
Full Text Available The main goal of this work is to analyze how organizational communication tools are used to manage printing, from both internal and external audiences, in what regards social responsibility in three Higher Education Institutions from Pernambuco (UFPE, FAFIRE, ASCES. In order to build our theoretical framework, we have used concepts from Printing Management, Corporate Social Responsibility, Stakeholder Theory, Organi-zational Communication, Organizational Culture and Organizational Structure. With respect to culture, a system of representations and shared values emerges, according to Fischer's Model (1996. This system influences and is influenced by the organizational structure. We present an overview of Higher Education Institutions and their role on building society, according to the argument presented by Calderón (2010. In this work we discuss the creation of socially responsible printing, through communication with the interested audien-ces, as suggested by the model proposed by Mitchell, Agle and Wood (1997. The methodology chosen in this research work is a multiple case study. To this end, we have chosen three institutions, two located in Recife and one in Caruaru, cities in the state of Pernambuco. We have carried out a qualitative investigation. Thus, we have performed a field study with semi-structured interviews, document analysis, direct observations within the institutions in question, as well as indirect observation of photographs and videos. Amongst the results found, the actions performed were shown to be consistent with the management model and culture. The participants of the study have shown us that they are aware of the social role of Higher Education institutions, and have identified the students, professors, workers, students parents, associations, consumers and public service as the main stakeholders involved. Amongst the most commonly used strategies to build a socially responsible strategy, we can highlight exemplification and organizational pro-motion. Higher Education Institutions have shown consistency between Corporate Social Respon-sibility and their cultures and identities, insofar as they tend to communicate only what becomes practice. Our expectation is that this work can bring about knowledge that is relevant both to academia, in what regards the application and verification of theoretical models, as well as to communication and social responsibility managers, when they provide information about the social practices undertaken, as well as the printing management process that contributes to the image of a socially responsible Corporation.
Social marketing communication in a multicultural environment: Practical issues and theoretical contributions from cross-cultural marketing
Gary Noble.; Michael Camit
Social marketing communication (social marcom) campaign production can be more challenging when the audience includes individuals from 'culturally and linguistically diverse' (CALD) communities. Additional issues such as culturally related values, practices, and attitudes need consideration. Normally, social marcoms campaigns for CALD audiences involve directly translating mainstream campaign material into various ethnic groups' languages. However, little is understood about the issues ...
Frazzled by Facebook? An Exploratory Study of Gender Differences in Social Network Communication among Undergraduate Men and Women
Thompson, Sharon H.; Lougheed, Eric
Although a majority of young adults are members of at least one social networking site, peer reviewed research examining gender differences in social networking communication is sparse. This study examined gender differences in social networking, particularly for Facebook use, among undergraduates. A survey was distributed to 268 college students…
Study on Communication System of Social Risk Information on Nuclear Energy
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
As a new risk communication method for the construction of effective knowledge bases about 'safety and non-anxiety for nuclear energy', a study on new communication method of social risk information by means of electronic communication has been started, by noticing rapid expansion of internet usage in the society. The purpose of this research is to enhance the public acceptance to nuclear power in Japan by the following two aspects. The first is to develop the mutual communication system among the working persons involved in both the operation and maintenance activities for nuclear power plant, by which they will exchange their daily experiences to improve the safety conscious activities to foster 'safety culture' attitude. The other is the development of an effective risk communication system between nuclear society and the general publics about the hot issues of 'what are the concerned involved in the final disposal of high-level radioactive waste?' and 'what should we do to have social consensus to deal with this issue in future'. The authors' research plan for the above purpose is summarized as shown in Table 1. As the first step of the authors' three year research project which started from August 2003, social investigation by questionnaires by internet and postal mail, have been just recently conducted on their risk perception for the nuclear power for the people engaged in nuclear business and women in the metropolitan area, respectively, in order to obtain thearea, respectively, in order to obtain the relevant information on how and what should be considered for constructing effective risk communication methods of social risk information between the people within nuclear industries and the general public in society. Although there need to be discussed, the contrasting risk images as shown in Fig.1, can be depicted between the nuclear people and general public these days in Japan, from the results of the social investigation. As the conclusion of the authors' study thus far conducted, the contrasting risk perceptions by both the nuclear people and the general public which are shown in Fig. 1, will contribute to the authors' development of two risk communication systems as the next step of this research project, the one for 'Community network system to foster safety culture among nuclear workers', while the other for 'Affective risk communication network open to society'. (authors)
Communicative action: the Habermasian and Freirean dialogical approach to participatory communication for social change in a post-1994 South Africa
Otto, H.; Fourie, L. M.
Despite its almost four decade mainstay, the field of parti-cipatory communication for social change still experiences a definitional and pragmatic problem regarding what exactly participation is (cf. Jacobson & Storey, 2004; Chambers, 1994; Melkote & Steeves, 2001; Rogers, 1976; Lerner, 1964; Schramm, 1964; Servaes, 1995). What remains is a vastly under-theorised field of participatory communication for social change. This article examines the possibility of participatory communicati...
Teaching scientific concepts through simple models and social communication techniques
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
For science education, it is important to demonstrate to students the relevance of scientific concepts in every-day life experiences. Although there are methods available for achieving this goal, it is more effective if cultural flavor is also added to the teaching techniques and thereby the teacher and students can easily relate the subject matter to their surroundings. Furthermore, this would bridge the gap between science and day-to-day experiences in an effective manner. It could also help students to use science as a tool to solve problems faced by them and consequently they would feel science is a part of their lives. In this paper, it has been described how simple models and cultural communication techniques can be used effectively in demonstrating important scientific concepts to the students of secondary and higher secondary levels by using two consecutive activities carried out at the Institute of Fundamental Studies (IFS), Sri Lanka. (author)
Using Blogs and Social Media in the Battle to Communicate Climate Change: Lessons from The Front Lines
Mann, M. E.
I will share insights that I have accumulated in my own communications and outreach efforts using different types of internet-based communication including blogs (i.e. the 'RealClimate' blog that I co-founded with other climate scientists), and social media tools such as Facebook and Twitter. I will discuss the complementary strengths and weaknesses of the different communication tools, and possible ways of exploiting them collectively as part of a more coordinated communication strategy.
Predicting Social Networking Site Use and Online Communication Practices among Adolescents: The Role of Access and Device Ownership
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Drew P. Cingel
Full Text Available Given adolescents' heavy social media use, this study examined a number of predictors of adolescent social media use, as well as predictors of online communication practices. Using data collected from a national sample of 467 adolescents between the ages of 13 and 17, results indicate that demographics, technology access, and technology ownership are related to social media use and communication practices. Specifically, females log onto and use more constructive com-munication practices on Facebook compared to males. Additionally, adolescents who own smartphones engage in more constructive online communication practices than those who share regular cell phones or those who do not have access to a cell phone. Overall, results imply that ownership of mobile technologies, such as smartphones and iPads, may be more predictive of social networking site use and online communication practices than general ownership of technology.
Predicting Social Networking Site Use and Online Communication Practices among Adolescents: The Role of Access and Device Ownership
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Drew P. Cingel
Full Text Available Given adolescents' heavy social media use, this study examined a number of predictors of adolescent social media use, as well as predictors of online communication practices. Using data collected from a national sample of 467 adolescents between the ages of 13 and 17, results indicate that demographics, technology access, and technology ownership are related to social media use and communication practices. Specifically, females log onto and use more constructive communication practices on Facebook compared to males. Additionally, adolescents who own smartphones engage in more constructive online communication practices than those who share regular cell phones or those who do not have access to a cell phone. Overall, results imply that ownership of mobile technologies, such as smartphones and iPads, may be more predictive of social networking site use and online communication practices than general ownership of technology.
The Impact of Social Interaction and Communications on Innovation in the Architectural Design Studio
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Bhzad Sidawi
Full Text Available Design is a social phenomenon and researchers suggest that social interaction, negotiations and communication between designers are essential to initiate creativity. Within the design studio environment, a number of factors affect the healthy social interaction and design negotiations, such as the teaching style of tutors and the culture that governs a design studio's environment. This may in turn affect the utilization of the outcome of negotiations in the design project. Design studio students from the third to fifth years at the College of Architecture, University of Dammam (UD, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA, were surveyed to find out how far the design studio's culture and communication would impact the production of innovative design projects. The results show that frequent communication and the establishment's shared grounds are essential to develop knowledge and positively influence the design outcome. On the other hand, the research found that negative qualities on a personal level and on that of a design studio environment would hinder a student's creativity. However, to develop students' design/innovative abilities, the researcher recommends that certain measures should be considered. These would include transforming the design studio into an interactive and friendly learning environment, adjusting the teaching methodology, and developing interactive communication abilities of students and tutors.
Social strategy games in communicating trade-offs between mitigation and adaptation in cities
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Juhola, Sirkku; Driscoll, Patrick Arthur
Cities are becoming the locus of climate change policy and planning, both for mitigating greenhouse gas emissions and adapting to the impacts of climate change. These actions involve a number of trade-offs, including densification of the urban structure, concerns over social equity and the proper use of green infrastructure for adaptation. Many of these impacts are difficult to quantify and their interdependencies are often challenging to comprehend and communicate. There are a number of outstanding gaps in knowledge both in research and in practice in relation to how decisions are made between adaptation and mitigation strategies and what kinds of negative and positive synergies can be identified between them. This paper explores how social games can help people to communicate the trade-offs between mitigation and adaptation measures in an urban environment and examines the possibilities of using social gaming as a research method. Data was collected from Denmark, Finland and the US through organized gaming sessions. The conclusion of the study is that social games, although methodologically challenging, are a promising method to communicate complex planning problems.
Additive effects of social and non-social attention during infancy relate to later autism spectrum disorder
Bedford, Rachael; Pickles, Andrew; Gliga, Teodora; Elsabbagh, Mayada; Charman, Tony; Johnson, Mark H.
Emerging findings from studies with infants at familial high risk for autism spectrum disorder (ASD), owing to an older sibling with a diagnosis, suggest that those who go on to develop ASD show early impairments in the processing of stimuli with both social and non-social content. Although ASD is defined by social-communication impairments and restricted and repetitive behaviours, the majority of cognitive theories of ASD posit a single underlying factor, which over development has secondary...
Culture and Social Relationship as Factors of Affecting Communicative Non-verbal Behaviors
Akhter Lipi, Afia; Nakano, Yukiko; Rehm, Mathias
The goal of this paper is to link a bridge between social relationship and cultural variation to predict conversants' non-verbal behaviors. This idea serves as a basis of establishing a parameter based socio-cultural model, which determines non-verbal expressive parameters that specify the shapes of agent's nonverbal behaviors in HAI. As the first step, a comparative corpus analysis is done for two cultures in two specific social relationships. Next, by integrating the cultural and social parameters factors with the empirical data from corpus analysis, we establish a model that predicts posture. The predictions from our model successfully demonstrate that both cultural background and social relationship moderate communicative non-verbal behaviors.
A comparative study on communication structures of Chinese journals in the social sciences
Zhou, Ping; Leydesdorff, Loet
We argue that the communication structures in the Chinese social sciences have not yet been sufficiently reformed. Citation patterns among Chinese domestic journals in three subject areas -- political science and marxism, library and information science, and economics -- are compared with their counterparts internationally. Like their colleagues in the natural and life sciences, Chinese scholars in the social sciences provide fewer references to journal publications than their international counterparts; like their international colleagues, social scientists provide fewer references than natural sciences. The resulting citation networks, therefore, are sparse. Nevertheless, the citation structures clearly suggest that the Chinese social sciences are far less specialized in terms of disciplinary delineations than their international counterparts. Marxism studies are more established than political science in China. In terms of the impact of the Chinese political system on academic fields, disciplines closely r...
Culture and Social Relationship as Factors of Affecting Communicative Non-Verbal Behaviors
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Lipi, Afia Akhter; Nakano, Yukiko
The goal of this paper is to link a bridge between social relationship and cultural variation to predict conversants' non-verbal behaviors. This idea serves as a basis of establishing a parameter based socio-cultural model, which determines non-verbal expressive parameters that specify the shapes of agent's non-verbal behaviors in HAI. As the first step, a comparative corpus analysis is done for two cultures in two specific social relationships. Next, by integrating the cultural and social parameters factors with the empirical data from corpus analysis, we establish a model that predicts posture. The predictions from our model successfully demonstrate that both cultural background and social relationship moderate communicative non-verbal behaviors.
Narrativas transmídia: diversidade social, discursiva e comunicacional / Transmedia narratives: Social Diversity, Discourse and Communication / Narrativas transmedia: diversidad social, discursiva y comunicacional
Scientific Electronic Library Online (English)
Denis, Porto-Renó; Andréa Cristina, Versuti; Elizabeth, Moraes-Gonçalves; Vicente, Gosciola.
Full Text Available Os processos comunicacionais vivenciam hoje uma revoluçăo no campo estrutural e no campo das linguagens. Tais mudanças săo resultantes de comportamentos e subsídios comunicacionais ofertados para a sociedade contemporânea, como as redes sociais e a mobilidade. Porém, a comunicaçăo ainda năo abarcou [...] tais mudanças por completo, apesar dos estudos que contemplam a narrativa transmídia. Este artigo oferece, a partir de um estudo de caráter reflexivo e investigativo, discussőes sobre a narrativa transmídia como linguagem social na ficçăo e no jornalismo. Esperamos, a partir deste estudo, oferecer subsídios sobre novas pesquisas acerca do tema. Abstract in spanish En la actualidad, los procesos de comunicación experimentan una revolución en el campo estructural y en el de las lenguas. Estos cambios son el producto de comportamientos y contribuciones comunicacionales ofrecidos a la sociedad contemporánea; por ejemplo, redes sociales y movilidad. Sin embargo, l [...] a comunicación no asimiló tales cambios por completo, a pesar de los estudios que tienen en cuenta la narrativa transmedia. Basado en un estudio reflexivo e investigativo, este artículo ofrece análisis acerca de la narrativa transmedia como lenguaje social en la ficción y el periodismo. Esperamos contribuir con nuevas investigaciones sobre el tema. Abstract in english The current communicational process experiences a revolution in both the structural fields and those of the languages. Such changes are the result of communication behaviors and contributions offered to contemporary society, such as social networking and mobility. However, communication has not full [...] y embraced these changes, despite of studies related to the transmedia storytelling. This paper is a reflective and investigative discussion about transmedia strorytelling as social language either in fiction and journalism. Hopefully, this study may also provide insights to new researches regarding this subject.
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Wiehe Thomas
Full Text Available Abstract Background Genome sequences vary strongly in their repetitiveness and the causes for this are still debated. Here we propose a novel measure of genome repetitiveness, the index of repetitiveness, Ir, which can be computed in time proportional to the length of the sequences analyzed. We apply it to 336 genomes from all three domains of life. Results The expected value of Ir is zero for random sequences of any G/C content and greater than zero for sequences with excess repeats. We find that the Ir of archaea is significantly smaller than that of eubacteria, which in turn is smaller than that of eukaryotes. Mouse chromosomes have a significantly higher Ir than human chromosomes and within each genome the Y chromosome is most repetitive. A sliding window analysis reveals that the human HOXA cluster and two surrounding genes are characterized by local minima in Ir. A program for calculating the Ir is freely available at http://adenine.biz.fh-weihenstephan.de/ir/. Conclusion The general measure of DNA repetitiveness proposed in this paper can be efficiently computed on a genomic scale. This reveals a broad spectrum of repetitiveness among diverse genomes which agrees qualitatively with previous studies of repeat content. A sliding window analysis helps to analyze the intragenomic distribution of repeats.
Audiovisual communication and therapeutic jurisprudence: Cognitive and social psychological dimensions.
Feigenson, Neal
The effects of audiovisual communications on the emotional and psychological well-being of participants in the legal system have not been previously examined. Using as a framework for analysis what Slobogin (1996) calls internal balancing (of therapeutic versus antitherapeutic effects) and external balancing (of therapeutic jurisprudence [TJ] effects versus effects on other legal values), this brief paper discusses three examples that suggest the complexity of evaluating courtroom audiovisuals in TJ terms. In each instance, audiovisual displays that are admissible based on their arguable probative or explanatory value - day-in-the-life movies, victim impact videos, and computer simulations of litigated events - might well reduce stress and thus improve the psychological well-being of personal injury plaintiffs, survivors, and jurors, respectively. In each situation, however, other emotional and cognitive effects may prove antitherapeutic for the target or other participants, and/or may undermine other important values including outcome accuracy, fairness, and even the conception of the legal decision maker as a moral actor. PMID:20920823
Making sense of social media communications with chaos theory : beyond metaphors
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Gyimóthy, Szilvia; Larson, Mia
Introduction Social scientists have long been inspired by chaos theory to describe the complexities of organisational change (Wheatley, 1993; Burnes, 2004), entrepreneurship (Steyaert, 2007) or urban development (Batty & Xie, 1999) arguing that firms or regions are dynamic and unpredictable systems analogous to ecological systems in nature. The notions of phase shifts, feedback loops, strange attractors and bifurcations were borrowed as exotic metaphors to describe contingencies in social and business contexts without further ontological reflection. A similar pattern is observable in tourism research, offering a few conceptual papers which adopt complexity theories to describe destination development patterns (Russel & Faulkner, 2000, 2004; Zahra & Ryan 2007). The purpose of this paper is to discuss the validity of chaos theory in the context of strategic communications, where new (social) media has changed the marketing landscape beyond recognition. The exponential growth of social media platforms hasled to weakened marketer control (and greater consumer sovereignty) over information about organisations and their products. In this new communications paradigm (Muniz & Schau 2007), information is neither stable, controllable commodity nor a content that can be streamlined and circulated in strategically selected promotional mix channels. Borrowing a latourian term, information is a dynamic actant, a key source of structuration of cultural images of organisations and destinations. Marketers are horrified by the prospect of rumours roaming about and running loose in cyberspace (Meredith 2010), creating chaos and noise around neatly streamlined campaigns and brand messages. However, only a handful of such rumours grow to be significant to influence a great number of customers or spill over into mass media channels. Social media users serve as gatekeepers, opting for which fluctuations to pay attention to, which to ignore. The challenge is then to establish a framework of unfolding communication patterns on social media which can eventually explain the collective behaviour of bloggers, twitters and tripadvisors. Method The paper will analyse seemingly random and chaotic communication practices on social media by viewing them as complex adaptive systems described by Stacey (2003). CASs consist of a large number of agents or nodes, each triggered by their own principles and motives. They are also self-organising, as the pattern of behaviour in the system evolves or emerges from the local interaction and adjustments between the agents. Instead of channelled flow of information, the nodes of this network transmit information in all directions simultaneously. Our goal is model the patterns of sense-making in the interactions among community members as well as marketers, by tracking how single postings are weaved and developed into complex, collective stories. The empirical data collection will restrict itself on social media of performative festivals in Scandinavia, including blogs, fansites and other interactive platforms related to Way Out West (Gothenburg) and Roskilde Festival. We will adopt a systematic logging technique following netnographic observation methods (Kozinets, 2010). Findings/Discussion The discussion will critically review the basic assumptions and conceptual justification of analogies derived from chaos theory and attempts to establish a more operational framework in the light of the empirical findings. A model of nonlinear sensemaking processes is offered, based on our analysis of social media communications as complex adaptive systems. This is followed by an examination of the implications of the model for strategic communication and marketers in general. Conclusion The paper concludes that, the adoption of chaos theory approach may have significant benefits for the social sciences of tourism, however, we need to move forward from metaphorical illustrations to more rigorous empirical investigations to understand the complexity of new media communications. Key References Burnes. B. (2005). Complexity theory a
Utility of the "Social Communication Questionnaire-Current" and "Social Responsiveness Scale" as Teacher-Report Screening Tools for Autism Spectrum Disorders
Schanding, G. Thomas, Jr.; Nowell, Kerri P.; Goin-Kochel, Robin P.
Limited research exists regarding the role of teachers in screening for Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD). The current study examined the use of the "Social Communication Questionnaire" (SCQ) and "Social Responsiveness Scale" (SRS) as completed by parents and teachers about school-age children from the Simons Simplex Collection. Using the…
Methods for inferring health-related social networks among coworkers from online communication patterns.
Matthews, Luke J; DeWan, Peter; Rula, Elizabeth Y
Studies of social networks, mapped using self-reported contacts, have demonstrated the strong influence of social connections on the propensity for individuals to adopt or maintain healthy behaviors and on their likelihood to adopt health risks such as obesity. Social network analysis may prove useful for businesses and organizations that wish to improve the health of their populations by identifying key network positions. Health traits have been shown to correlate across friendship ties, but evaluating network effects in large coworker populations presents the challenge of obtaining sufficiently comprehensive network data. The purpose of this study was to evaluate methods for using online communication data to generate comprehensive network maps that reproduce the health-associated properties of an offline social network. In this study, we examined three techniques for inferring social relationships from email traffic data in an employee population using thresholds based on: (1) the absolute number of emails exchanged, (2) logistic regression probability of an offline relationship, and (3) the highest ranked email exchange partners. As a model of the offline social network in the same population, a network map was created using social ties reported in a survey instrument. The email networks were evaluated based on the proportion of survey ties captured, comparisons of common network metrics, and autocorrelation of body mass index (BMI) across social ties. Results demonstrated that logistic regression predicted the greatest proportion of offline social ties, thresholding on number of emails exchanged produced the best match to offline network metrics, and ranked email partners demonstrated the strongest autocorrelation of BMI. Since each method had unique strengths, researchers should choose a method based on the aspects of offline behavior of interest. Ranked email partners may be particularly useful for purposes related to health traits in a social network. PMID:23418436
Communicative social capital and collective efficacy as determinants of access to health-enhancing resources in residential communities.
Matsaganis, Matthew D; Wilkin, Holley A
This article contributes to the burgeoning literature on the social determinants of health disparities. The authors investigate how communication resources and collective efficacy, independently and in combination, shape residents' access to health enhancing resources (including healthcare services, sources of healthier food options, and public recreation spaces) in their communities. Using random digit dial telephone survey data from 833 residents of South Los Angeles communities the authors show that communicative social capital-that is, an information and problem-solving resource that accrues to residents as they become more integrated into their local communication network of neighbors, community organizations, and local media-plays a significant role in access to health resources. This relationship is complicated by individuals' health insurance and health status, as communicative social capital magnifies the sense of absence of resources for those who are in worse health and lack insurance. Communicative social capital builds collective efficacy, which is positively related to access to health-enhancing resources, but it also mediates the negative relationship between communicative social capital and access to health resources. Residents with richer stores of communicative social capital and collective efficacy report better access to health resources. The authors conclude with a discussion of implications of these findings and suggestions for future research. PMID:25529115
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Full Text Available The quality and the efficiency of all the activities developed in the field of the social dialog management are dependent, in great measure by the quality of the communications relations between the involved actors. The increase of the importance of the social dialog is reflected at the level of hundreds of multicultural companies that try to develop a new type of management - the one that has the capacity and the ability of orqestrating the productive combination of individuals and of the efficient functioning within these new cultures. In planning a communications process which is destined to a international auditorium we must analyze every component of this with the purpose of pushing away every barrier of background noise that would alter the desired results.
Communication Patterns Within Social Networks: A Case Study of Australian Women
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Orit Ben-Harush
Full Text Available Based on the perception that "individual bonds to one another is the essence of society" (Fischer, 1982a, p. 2, this paper examines contemporary networks of friends: friendworks, of adult women in an Australian sea change community. Communication patterns are examined drawing on findings from a case study of 26 women aged 35-76 years. Among the case study participants, many have undertaken a 'sea change' as adults, which in most cases has led to a significant reconstruction of their friendworks. Location and lifestyle are identified as impacting factors on communication patterns with friends; face-to-face interactions are by far the most frequent and preferred method of communication among the participants. The landline telephone and internet are the main communication methods used to maintain friendships with distant loved ones, while the mobile phone is reported as the communication method employed the least. The infrequency of mobile phone use can be attributed to cost issues, highlighting a discrepancy between these women's social and communication needs and the current Australian mobile phone policy
Carlsberg's Corporate Social Responsibility Reporting: Communicating by using tools to minimise scepticism
Poulsen, Kelly; Pattiiha, Sippora Louise Angela; Tobiasz, Klaudia; Stensborg, Antonia
In this project we have tried to see how Carlsberg - as our case company - addresses the challenges that contribute to scepticism in communicating Corporate Social Responsibility activities to consumers and the general public. In order to do it, we have identified the tools that cope with minimising sceptical reception. Hereafter, have we used these tools to look at our data - the company's 2013 CSR Report. The purpose of this process was to investigate whether these tools could be identifi...
The reach and impact of social marketing and reproductive health communication campaigns in Zambia
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Meekers Dominique
Full Text Available Abstract Background Like many sub-Saharan African countries, Zambia is dealing with major health issues, including HIV/AIDS, family planning, and reproductive health. To address reproductive health problems and the HIV/AIDS epidemic in Zambia, several social marketing and health communication programs focusing on reproductive and HIV/AIDS prevention programs are being implemented. This paper describes the reach of these programs and assesses their impact on condom use. Methods This paper assesses the reach of selected radio and television programs about family planning and HIV/AIDS and of communications about the socially marketed Maximum condoms in Zambia, as well as their impact on condom use, using data from the 2001–2002 Zambia Demographic and Health Survey. To control for self-selection and endogeneity, we use a two-stage regression model to estimate the effect of program exposure on the behavioural outcomes. Results Those who were exposed to radio and television programs about family planning and HIV/AIDS were more likely to have ever used a condom (OR = 1.16 for men and 1.06 for women. Men highly exposed to Maximum condoms social marketing communication were more likely than those with low exposure to the program to have ever used a condom (OR = 1.48, and to have used a condom at their last sexual intercourse (OR = 1.23. Conclusion Findings suggest that the reproductive health and social marketing campaigns in Zambia reached a large portion of the population and had a significant impact on condom use. The results suggest that future reproductive health communication campaigns that invest in radio programming may be more effective than those investing in television programming, and that future campaigns should seek to increase their impact among women, perhaps by focusing on the specific constrains that prevent females from using condoms.
Exploring a Model of Symbolic Social Communication: The Case of 'Magic' Johnson
Flora, June A.; SCHOOLER, CAROLINE; MAYS, VICKIE M.; Cochran, Susan D
We propose a model of symbolic social communication to explain the process whereby sociocultural identity mediates relationships among receivers, sources and messages to shape message effects. This exploratory study examines how two at-risk groups of African American men responded to various HIV prevention messages delivered by celebrity and professional sources. We interviewed 47 men from a homeless shelter and 50 male college students. Members of both groups were likely to select Johnson as...
Reinforced communication and social navigation: remember your friends and remember yourself
Mirshahvalad, Atieh; Rosvall, Martin
In social systems, people communicate with each other and form groups based on their interests. The pattern of interactions, the network, and the ideas that flow on the network naturally evolve together. Researchers use simple models to capture the feedback between changing network patterns and ideas on the network, but little is understood about the role of past events in the feedback process. Here we introduce a simple agent-based model to study the coupling between people...
Comparing the efficiency of advergames vs. social networks when communicating with children
Pereira, Clara Gil Leite
The aim of this research is to analyze and compare the efficiency of two digital media – a social network and an advergame – and gather which is the most efficient regarding communication with children. The efficiency of both media was measured by comparing the impact on brand awareness, purchase intention and brand preference. We also analyzed the mediating role of gender on the engagement the two media. Our sample comprised of 220 children. Our results suggest both media ...
Information and Communication Technology in Teacher Education : Thinking and learning in computer?supported social practice
Mukama, Evode
The aim of this thesis is to investigate how new knowledge can be developed in computer-supported social practice. Participants were selected from newly qualified secondary school teachers and student teachers at a higher education institution in Rwanda. The thesis consists of four empirical case studies, the findings of which were analysed from a sociocultural perspective. In the first study, it has been shown that novice teachers are motivated to acquire information and communication techno...
Influence of social connectedness, communication and monitoring on adolescent sexual activity in Ghana
Kumi-kyereme, Akwasi; Awusabo-asare, Kofi; Biddlecom, Ann; Tanle, Augustine
This paper examines connectedness to, communication with and monitoring of unmarried adolescents in Ghana by parents, other adults, friends and key social institutions and the roles these groups play with respect to adolescent sexual activity. The paper draws on 2004 nationally-representative survey data and qualitative evidence from focus group discussions and in-depth interviews with adolescents in 2003. Adolescents show high levels of connectedness to family, adults, friends, school and re...
Socially Responsible Corporate Communications in Mexico: Evidence of the Large Companies by Their Operational Levels
Teodoro Rafael Wendlandt Amezaga; Hai Yan He; Angel Alberto Valdés Cuervo
The aim of this study is to know the general condition of business communications regarding Corporate SocialResponsibility (CSR) in large Mexican companies, and identify the significant differences in terms of a set ofindicators and in comparison with three different operational levels. Specifically, based in a relevant previousresearch work by Maignan and Ralston (2002) and analyzing the content of 150 Mexican business websites as asample frame, the study evaluates the differences in a set o...
Communicating Culture : Can cultural studies, from a social constructivist perspective, enhance students' communicative competence?
Harju, Linda
Denna uppsats har som syfte att undersöka om kulturstudier kan öka den kommunikativa förmĺgan, sett ur ett social konstruktivistiskt perspektiv. Frĺgeställningarna är som följer: Är kulturstudier integrerat i engelska 5 kursen? Finns det en relation mellan kunskap om kultur i engelsktalande omrĺden och länder och kommunikativ kompetens? Anser eleverna själva att kunskap om kultur ökar deras kommunikativa kompetens? Vald metod är kvalitativ intervju samt innehĺllsanalys av ämne...
EarthScope's Education, Outreach, and Communications: Using Social Media from Continental to Global Scales
Bohon, W.; Frus, R.; Arrowsmith, R.; Fouch, M. J.; Garnero, E. J.; Semken, S. C.; Taylor, W. L.
Social media has emerged as a popular and effective form of communication among all age groups, with nearly half of Internet users belonging to a social network or using another form of social media on a regular basis. This phenomenon creates an excellent opportunity for earth science organizations to use the wide reach, functionality and informal environment of social media platforms to disseminate important scientific information, create brand recognition, and establish trust with users. Further, social media systems can be utilized for missions of education, outreach, and communicating important timely information (e.g., news agencies are common users). They are eminently scaleable (thus serving from a few to millions of users with no cost and no performance problem), searchable (people are turning to them more frequently as conduits for information), and user friendly (thanks to the massive resources poured into the underlying technology and design, these systems are easy to use and have been widely adopted). They can be used, therefore, to engage the public interactively with the EarthScope facilities, experiments, and discoveries, and continue the cycle of discussions, experiments, analysis and conclusions that typify scientific advancement. The EarthScope National Office (ESNO) is launching an effort to utilize social media to broaden its impact as a conduit between scientists, facilities, educators, and the public. The ESNO will use the opportunities that social media affords to offer high quality science content in a variety of formats that appeal to social media users of various age groups, including blogs (popular with users 18-29), Facebook and Twitter updates (popular with users ages 18-50), email updates (popular with older adults), and video clips (popular with all age groups). We will monitor the number of "fans" and "friends" on social media and networking pages in order to gauge the increase in the percentage of the user population visiting the site. We will also use existing tools available on social media sites to track the relationships between users who visit or "friend" the site to determine how knowledge of the site is transferred amongst various social, educational or geographic groups. Finally, we will use this information to iteratively improve the variety of content and media on the site to increase our user pool, improve EarthScope recognition, and provide appropriate and user-specific Earth science information, especially for time sensitive events of wide interest such as natural disasters.
Passive, Noiseless, Intensity Amplification of Repetitive Signals
Maram, R; Li, M; Azańa, J
Amplification of signal intensity is essential for initiating physical processes, diagnostics, sensing, communications, and scientific measurement. During traditional amplification, the signal is amplified by multiplying the signal carriers through an active gain process using an external power source. However, for repetitive waveforms, sufficient energy for amplification often resides in the signal itself. In such cases, the unneeded external power is wasted, and the signal is additionally degraded by noise and distortions that accompany active gain processes. We show noiseless, intensity amplification of repetitive optical pulse waveforms with a gain from 2 to ~20 without using active gain, by recycling energy already stored in the input repetitive signal. This "green" method uses dispersion-induced self-imaging (Talbot) effects to precisely re-distribute the original signal energy into fewer replica waveforms. This approach simply requires a suitable manipulation of the input signal's phase profile along t...
El videojuego en red social: un nuevo modelo de comunicación / Videojuego in social network: a new model of communication
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Francisco Ignacio Revuelta Domínguez
Full Text Available Resumen: Los videojuegos en las redes sociales son la combinación de una evolución paralela, por un lado el desarrollo del entretenimiento y las interfaces interactivas y, por otro, la evolución de los nuevos medios de comunicación, con Internet a la cabeza. Pasando por el correo electrónico y desarrollándose en múltiples direcciones, parece que las redes sociales se han convertido en el actual estándar de comunicación social, no solo en entornos grupales, sino de transmisión de información masiva de un modo viral. Una estructura no jerarquizada que ha conseguido atraer a más de 600 millones de usuarios y, con ellos, un enorme negocio. Como otros tantos, el videojuego se adentra en estos sites, un entorno que le es natural en un principio, recogiendo los frutos de los juegos multijugador masivos, pero pronto se enriquece adaptándose al medio y creando nuestras estructuras comunicacionales adecuadas a una nueva y desconocida situación. Como en otras aplicaciones de las TIC en ámbitos educativos, el videojuego puede ser utilizado con estos fines; no sólo con proyectos infantiles ni programas interactivos dedicados a la enseńanza, sino como videojuegos intrínsecamente. Casos como los serious games nos muestran las enormes posibilidades que tienen a distintos niveles. Para el caso de los videojuegos sociales, las opciones pedagógicas multiplican sus posibilidades al acceder a un público masivo con estructuras que, si bien pueden alejarse de los clásicos procedimientos educativos, sí que se fundamentan sobre estas bases ya que permiten una distribución rápida, barata y de acceso sencillo, sin que representen para el usuario una carga, sino un aprendizaje pasivo. Por ello, es importante preguntarse cómo se desarrolla un videojuego social, cuál es su narrativa, cómo se comportan los individuos ante él y, sobre todo, cómo podemos orientarlo hacia nuestros objetivos.Abstract: Videogames in social networks are a combination of a parallel evolution on the one hand the development of entertainment and interactive interfaces, and the evolution of new media, Internet to the head. Via email and develop in many directions, it seems that social networks have become the current standard of social communication, not only in group settings, but mass transmission of a viral way. Anon-hierarchical structure that has attracted more than 600 million users and with them, a huge business. As many others, the game goes into these sites, an environment that is natural at first, reaping the benefits of massively multiplayer games, but quickly adapting to the environment enriches our structures and creating appropriate communication to a new and unfamiliar situation .As in other applications of ICT in educational settings, the game can be used for this purpose, not only interactive children's projects and programs dedicated to teaching, but as games intrinsically. Cases such as serious games show the enormous possibilities that are at different levels. In the case of social gaming, educational options multiply their possibilities to access a massive public structure, although they may move away from traditional educational procedures, it is indeed based on these bases because they allow rapid deployment, cheap and easy access, without posing a burden to the user, but a passive learning. It is therefore important to ask how to develop a social game, what his narrative is, how individuals behave before it and, how we can guide you toward our goals.
Communication for HIV/AIDS prevention in Kenya: social-cultural considerations.
Muturi, Nancy
The acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) epidemic is spreading fast in Africa in spite of the various efforts and resources put in place to prevent it. In Kenya, reproductive health programs have used the mass media and other communication interventions to inform and educate the public about the disease and to promote behavior change and healthy sexual practices. This effort has led to a discrepancy between awareness and behavioral change among people of reproductive age. In this article I examine the discrepancy in Kenya from a communications perspective addressing social cultural and related factors contributing to the lack of change in behavior and sexual practices. I draw on the theoretical framework of Grunig's model of excellence in communication, the importance of understanding and relationship building between programs and their stakeholders. Data were gathered qualitatively using focus groups and in-depth interviews among men and women in rural Kenya. Key findings indicate that although awareness of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/AIDS is high in Kenya, a majority of the population, particularly those in the rural communities, lack understanding of the communicated messages. They also lack the knowledge of other ways of transmitting HIV particularly among those not sexually involved. Cultural beliefs, values, norms, and myths have played a role in the rapidly increasing epidemic in the rural communities and yet HIV/AIDS communication programs have not addressed these factors adequately. I conclude that successful behavior change communication must include strategies that focus on increasing understanding of the communicated messages and understanding of the audience through application of appropriate methodologies. Building a relationship with the audience or stakeholders through dialogues and two-way symmetrical communication contributes toward this understanding and the maintenance of the newly adopted behaviors and practices. PMID:15764445
Training experience in gestures affects the display of social gaze in baboons' communication with a human.
Bourjade, Marie; Canteloup, Charlotte; Meguerditchian, Adrien; Vauclair, Jacques; Gaunet, Florence
Gaze behaviour, notably the alternation of gaze between distal objects and social partners that accompanies primates' gestural communication is considered a standard indicator of intentionality. However, the developmental precursors of gaze behaviour in primates' communication are not well understood. Here, we capitalized on the training in gestures dispensed to olive baboons (Papio anubis) as a way of manipulating individual communicative experience with humans. We aimed to delineate the effects of such a training experience on gaze behaviour displayed by the monkeys in relation with gestural requests. Using a food-requesting paradigm, we compared subjects trained in requesting gestures (i.e. trained subjects) to naďve subjects (i.e. control subjects) for their occurrences of (1) gaze behaviour, (2) requesting gestures and (3) temporal combination of gaze alternation with gestures. We found that training did not affect the frequencies of looking at the human's face, looking at food or alternating gaze. Hence, social gaze behaviour occurs independently from the amount of communicative experience with humans. However, trained baboons-gesturing more than control subjects-exhibited most gaze alternation combined with gestures, whereas control baboons did not. By reinforcing the display of gaze alternation along with gestures, we suggest that training may have served to enhance the communicative function of hand gestures. Finally, this study brings the first quantitative report of monkeys producing requesting gestures without explicit training by humans (controls). These results may open a window on the developmental mechanisms (i.e. incidental learning vs. training) underpinning gestural intentional communication in primates. PMID:25138999
Applying social marketing in health care: communicating evidence to change consumer behavior.
Evans, W Douglas; McCormack, Lauren
Social marketing uses commercial marketing strategies to change individual and organizational behavior and policies. It has been effective on a population level across a wide range of public health and health care domains. There is limited evidence of the effectiveness of social marketing in changing health care consumer behavior through its impact on patient-provider interaction or provider behavior. Social marketers need to identify translatable strategies (e.g., competition analysis, branding, and tailored messages) that can be applied to health care provider and consumer behavior. Three case studies from social marketing illustrate potential strategies to change provider and consumer behavior. Countermarketing is a rapidly growing social marketing strategy that has been effective in tobacco control and may be effective in countering pharmaceutical marketing using specific message strategies. Informed decision making is a useful strategy when there is medical uncertainty, such as in prostate cancer screening and treatment. Pharmaceutical industry marketing practices offer valuable lessons for developing competing messages to reach providers and consumers. Social marketing is an effective population-based behavior change strategy that can be applied in individual clinical settings and as a complement to reinforce messages communicated on a population level. There is a need for more research on message strategies that work in health care and population-level effectiveness studies. PMID:18556638
Reinforced communication and social navigation: remember your friends and remember yourself.
Mirshahvalad, A; Rosvall, M
In social systems, people communicate with each other and form groups based on their interests. The pattern of interactions, the network, and the ideas that flow on the network naturally evolve together. Researchers use simple models to capture the feedback between changing network patterns and ideas on the network, but little is understood about the role of past events in the feedback process. Here, we introduce a simple agent-based model to study the coupling between peoples' ideas and social networks, and better understand the role of history in dynamic social networks. We measure how information about ideas can be recovered from information about network structure and, the other way around, how information about network structure can be recovered from information about ideas. We find that it is, in general, easier to recover ideas from the network structure than vice versa. PMID:22060451
Developmental pathways of language and social communication problems in 9-11 year olds: unpicking the heterogeneity.
Roy, P; Chiat, S
This paper addressed relations between language, social communication and behaviour, and their trajectories, in a sample of 9-11-year-olds (n=91) who had been referred to clinical services with concerns about language as pre-schoolers. Children were first assessed at 2˝-4 years, and again 18 months later. Results revealed increasing differentiation of profiles across time. By 9-11 years, 11% of the sample had social communication deficits, 27% language impairment, 20% both, and 42% neither. The size of group differences on key language and social communication measures was striking (2-3 standard deviations). Social communication deficits included autistic mannerisms and were associated with social, emotional and behavioural difficulties (SEBDs); in contrast, language impairment was associated with hyperactivity only. Children with both language and social communication problems had the most severe difficulties on all measures. These distinct school-age profiles emerged gradually. Investigation of developmental trajectories revealed that the three impaired groups did not differ significantly on language or SEBD measures when the children were first seen. Only low performance on the Early Sociocognitive Battery, a new measure of social responsiveness, joint attention and symbolic understanding, differentiated the children with and without social communication problems at 9-11 years. These findings suggest that some children who first present with language delay or difficulties have undetected Autism Spectrum Disorders which may or may not be accompanied by language impairment in the longer term. This new evidence of developmental trajectories starting in the preschool years throws further light on the nature of social communication and language problems in school-age children, relations between language impairment and SEBDs, and on the nature of early language development. PMID:25005063
Social Media and the Social Good: How Nonprofits Use Facebook to Communicate with the Public
Saxton, Gregory D.; Guo, Chao; Chiu, I-hsuan; Feng, Bo
In this study, we examine the social networking practices of the 100 largest nonprofit organizations in the United States. More specifically, we develop a comprehensive classification scheme to delineate these organizations' use of Facebook as a stakeholder engagement tool. We find that there are 5 primary categories of Facebook "statuses", which can be aggregated into three key dimensions - "information", "community", and "action". Our analysis reveals that, though the "inf...
The Social Communication Intervention Project: A Randomized Controlled Trial of the Effectiveness of Speech and Language Therapy for School-Age Children Who Have Pragmatic and Social Communication Problems with or without Autism Spectrum Disorder
Adams, Catherine; Lockton, Elaine; Freed, Jenny; Gaile, Jacqueline; Earl, Gillian; McBean, Kirsty; Nash, Marysia; Green, Jonathan; Vail, Andy; Law, James
Background: Children who show disproportionate difficulty with the pragmatic as compared with the structural aspects of language are described as having pragmatic language impairment (PLI) or social communication disorder (SCD). Some children who have PLI also show mild social impairments associated with high-functioning autism or autism spectrum…
Integrating Augmentative and Alternative Communication and Peer Support for Students with Disabilities: A Social-Ecological Perspective
Fisher, Kimberly Wolowiec; Shogren, Karrie A.
The purpose of this review was to examine the degree to which augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) intervention research included students with disabilities and their peers as part of the intervention. Given the shift in the field toward a social-ecological framework of disability, incorporating natural communication partners into…
Energy saving, social and government communication; Ahorrro de energia, sociedad y comunicacion gubernamental
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Morales Camarena, Francisco [Comision Nacional para el Ahorro de Energia, Mexico, D.F. (Mexico)
The actions for the energy efficiency and the utilization of renewable energies are multiple and dispersed, in each one of the energy consumption points of the country. For this reason, two important factors to foment these actions are to promote the social participation and the effective government communication towards the society: energy saving and social participation. One of the main faculties of the National Commission of Energy Saving (CONAE) is to foment the efficiency in the energy use, through actions coordinated with the different agencies and organizations of the Federal Public Administration, with the governments of the federal entities and the municipalities and, through coordinated operations, with the private and social sectors. The CONAE has established mechanisms of coordination and cooperation with the private and social sectors, having fomented programs, projects and actions whose purpose is the energy efficiency, outstanding: 1) Committees and work groups; 2) Cooperation Agreements; 3) the Advisory Council for the Foment of Renewable Energy. [Spanish] Las acciones para la eficiencia energetica y el aprovechamiento de las energias renovables son multiples y dispersas, en cada uno de los puntos de consumo de energia del pais. Por ello, dos factores importantes para fomentar estas acciones son promover la participacion social y la comunicacion gubernamental eficaz hacia la sociedad: Ahorro de energia y participacion social. Una de las principales facultades de la Comision Nacional de Ahorro de Energia es fomentar la eficiencia en el uso de energia, a traves de acciones coordinadas con las diversas dependencias y entidades de la Administracion Publica Federal, con los gobiernos de las entidades federativas y de los municipios y, a traves de acciones concertadas, con los sectores social y privado. La CONAE ha establecido mecanismos de coordinacion y de cooperacion con los sectores privado y social, fomentando programas, proyectos y acciones cuyo proposito es la eficiencia energetica, destacado: 1) Comites y grupos de trabajo; 2) Convenios de Cooperacion; 3) el Consejo Consultivo de Fomento de la Energia Renovables.
Integration of social aspects in radiation protection. The AIRP Work group on communication
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Radiation protection has never been confined just to its scientific and quantitative aspects as it also incorporates a real and proper social factor. In most developed countries, considerations on the social and ethical issues of radiation protection and discussions on the approaches to stakeholder involvement are in a state of positive turmoil. Scientific and practical experts are identifying and promoting dialogue procedures, embracing ethical and social aspects, and are moving together to add to their experience in new and improved practices for the decision-making process. In early 2006, the Italian Radiation Protection Association (AIRP) set up a workgroup for the purpose of: 1-) Promoting dialogue among RP experts, experts in other disciplines, national and local authorities and the public, in relation to social awareness issues in the fields of ionising and non-ionising radiation protection; 2-) Promoting reflection on the mutual interactions between radiation protection and society; 3-) Contributing to the development and diffusion in the RP community of the culture of stakeholder engagement in the decision-making process. Aiming at promoting continual dialogue between the radiation protection community and society, an initial meeting was held in June 2006 on the fundamentals and objectives of RP communication, by focusing on issues such as: the credibility of information sources, the role of the mass media and institutions in risk communication. A workshop was held in November 2006 on the social aspects of radiation protection: experts in scientific journalism, sociology and medical physics, representatives of consumer associations, participants in a Government task commission, local authorities and representatives of the leading local and national institutions involved in RP, were given the opportunity of communicating and discussing the main socially-sensitive aspects of RP. The work of the AIRP group continued in 2007 with two events related on the ethical, social and legal aspects of radioactive waste management. In 2008, we intend to support the growth of RP culture in society by organizing an event concerning the various aspects of radiation protection education and information for non professionals. To invite suggestions and obtain new points of view, the group has opened a website and prepared a basic questionnaire. The AIRP workgroup is constantly creating the conditions and opportunities for extending knowledge about radiation protection and involving society as a whole in extensive debate concerning risk management. (author)
Estratégia como prática social e teoria da açăo comunicativa: possíveis aproximaçőes teóricas / Strategy as social practice and theory of communicative action: possible theoretical approaches
Scientific Electronic Library Online (English)
Elisa, Zwick; Isabel Cristina da, Silva; Mozar José de, Brito.
Full Text Available Este artigo visa a discutir as possíveis aproximaçőes teóricas entre a estratégia como prática social (EPS) e a teoria da açăo comunicativa (TAC), instituída por Jürgen Habermas. Almejou-se construir um diálogo analítico, destacando as interfaces que podem ser estabelecidas entre esses construtos. E [...] specificamente, buscou-se: (i) descrever o arcabouço teórico da estratégia como prática social; (ii) discutir os aspectos conceituais da teoria da açăo comunicativa; e (iii) apresentar as possíveis aproximaçőes teóricas entre a estratégia como prática social e a teoria da açăo comunicativa. Argumenta-se que a TAC tem elementos interessantes a contribuir com a estratégia como prática e que, por esse motivo, é necessário explorar as aproximaçőes teóricas. Desse modo, este artigo contribui singularmente para associar o pensamento habermasiano ŕs perspectivas teóricas da estratégia como prática social, especialmente em seus elementos razăo e verdade, entendimento e consenso, que ensejam contribuiçőes substanciais da racionalidade comunicativa para a estratégia como prática social. Abstract in english This article aims to discuss the possible theoretical approaches between strategy as social practice (SSP) and the theory of communicative action (TCA), established by Jürgen Habermas. We intended to construct an analytical dialogue, highlighting the interfaces that may be established between these [...] constructs. Specifically, we sought to: (i) describe the theoretical framework of strategy as social practice; (ii) discuss the conceptual aspects of the theory of communicative action; and (iii) introduce the possible theoretical approaches between strategy as social practice and the theory of communicative action. It is argued that TCA has interesting elements contributing to strategy as a practice and that, for this reason, there is a need to explore the theoretical approaches. So, this article contributes in a unique way to associate Habermas' thought with the theoretical perspectives of strategy as social practice, especially concerning their elements reason and truth, understanding and consensus, which give rise to significant contributions of communicative rationality to strategy as social practice.
Autistic Traits and Autism Spectrum Disorders: The Clinical Validity of Two Measures Presuming a Continuum of Social Communication Skills
Bolte, Sven; Westerwald, Eva; Holtmann, Martin; Freitag, Christine; Poustka, Fritz
Research indicates that autism is the extreme end of a continuously distributed trait. The Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS) and the Social and Communication Disorders Checklist (SCDC) aim to assess autistic traits. The objective of this study was to compare their clinical validity. The SRS showed sensitivities of 0.74 to 0.80 and specificities of…
Early Markers of Autism Spectrum Disorders in Infants and Toddlers Prospectively Identified in the Social Attention and Communication Study
Barbaro, Josephine; Dissanayake, Cheryl
The Social Attention and Communication Study involved the successful implementation of developmental surveillance of the early markers of autism spectrum disorders in a community-based setting. The objective in the current study was to determine the most discriminating and predictive markers of autism spectrum disorders used in the Social…
Development and Analyses of Privacy Management Models in Online Social Networks Based on Communication Privacy Management Theory
Lee, Ki Jung
Online social networks (OSNs), while serving as an emerging means of communication, promote various issues of privacy. Users of OSNs encounter diverse occasions that lead to invasion of their privacy, e.g., published conversation, public revelation of their personally identifiable information, and open boundary of distinct social groups within…
Novel porcine repetitive elements
An analysis of 220 fully sequenced porcine BACs generated by the Comparative Vertebrate Sequencing Initiative (http://www.nisc.nih.gov/) revealed 27 distinct, novel porcine repetitive elements ranging in length from 55 to 1059 nucleotides. This set of fully sequenced BACs covers approximately 1% of...
Novel porcine repetitive elements
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Nonneman Dan J
Full Text Available Abstract Background Repetitive elements comprise ~45% of mammalian genomes and are increasingly known to impact genomic function by contributing to the genomic architecture, by direct regulation of gene expression and by affecting genomic size, diversity and evolution. The ubiquity and increasingly understood importance of repetitive elements contribute to the need to identify and annotate them. We set out to identify previously uncharacterized repetitive DNA in the porcine genome. Once found, we characterized the prevalence of these repeats in other mammals. Results We discovered 27 repetitive elements in 220 BACs covering 1% of the porcine genome (Comparative Vertebrate Sequencing Initiative; CVSI. These repeats varied in length from 55 to 1059 nucleotides. To estimate copy numbers, we went to an independent source of data, the BAC-end sequences (Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, covering approximately 15% of the porcine genome. Copy numbers in BAC-ends were less than one hundred for 6 repeat elements, between 100 and 1000 for 16 and between 1,000 and 10,000 for 5. Several of the repeat elements were found in the bovine genome and we have identified two with orthologous sites, indicating that these elements were present in their common ancestor. None of the repeat elements were found in primate, rodent or dog genomes. We were unable to identify any of the replication machinery common to active transposable elements in these newly identified repeats. Conclusion The presence of both orthologous and non-orthologous sites indicates that some sites existed prior to speciation and some were generated later. The identification of low to moderate copy number repetitive DNA that is specific to artiodactyls will be critical in the assembly of livestock genomes and studies of comparative genomics.
Cacophony or Empowerment? Analysing the Impact of New Information Communication Technologies and New Social Media in Southeast Asia
Abbott, Jason P.
The capabilities, tools and websites we associate with new information communication technologies and social media are now ubiquitous. Moreover tools that were designed to facilitate innocuous conversation and social interaction have had unforeseen political impacts. Nowhere was this more visible than during the 2011 uprisings across the Arab World. From Tunis to Cairo, and Tripoli to Damascus protest movements against authoritarian rule openly utilized social networking and file sharing tool...
Pro-social 50-kHz ultrasonic communication in rats: post-weaning but not post-adolescent social isolation leads to social impairments-phenotypic rescue by re-socialization.
Seffer, Dominik; Rippberger, Henrike; Schwarting, Rainer K W; Wöhr, Markus
Rats are highly social animals and social play during adolescence has an important role for social development, hence post-weaning social isolation is widely used to study the adverse effects of juvenile social deprivation and to induce behavioral phenotypes relevant to neuropsychiatric disorders, like schizophrenia. Communication is an important component of the rat's social behavior repertoire, with ultrasonic vocalizations (USV) serving as situation-dependent affective signals. High-frequency 50-kHz USV occur in appetitive situations and induce approach behavior, supporting the notion that they serve as social contact calls; however, post-weaning isolation effects on the behavioral changes displayed by the receiver in response to USV have yet to be studied. We therefore investigated the impact of post-weaning isolation on socio-affective information processing as assessed by means of our established 50-kHz USV radial maze playback paradigm. We showed that post-weaning social isolation specifically affected the behavioral response to playback of pro-social 50-kHz but not alarm 22-kHz USV. While group-housed rats showed the expected preference, i.e., approach, toward 50-kHz USV, the response was even stronger in short-term isolated rats (i.e., 1 day), possibly due to a higher level of social motivation. In contrast, no approach was observed in long-term isolated rats (i.e., 4 weeks). Importantly, deficits in approach were reversed by peer-mediated re-socialization and could not be observed after post-adolescent social isolation, indicating a critical period for social development during adolescence. Together, these results highlight the importance of social experience for affiliative behavior, suggesting a critical involvement of play behavior on socio-affective information processing in rats. PMID:25983681
Communication, Interventions, and Scientific Advances in Autism: A Commentary
Llaneza, Danielle C.; Deluke, Susan V.; Batista, Myra; Crawley, Jacqueline N.; Christodulu, Kristin V.; Frye, Cheryl A.
Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) affect approximately 1 in 150 children across the U.S., and are characterized by abnormal social actions, language difficulties, repetitive or restrictive behaviors, and special interests. ASD include autism (autistic disorder), Asperger syndrome, and Pervasive Developmental Disorder not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS or atypical autism). High-functioning individuals may communicate with moderate-to-high language skills, although difficulties in social skills may...
Communication and laboratory performance in parapsychology experiments: demand characteristics and the social organization of interaction.
Wooffitt, Robin
This paper reports findings from a conversation analytic study of experimenter-participant interaction in parapsychology experiments. It shows how properties of communication through which the routine business of the experiment is conducted may have an impact on the research participant's subsequent performance. In this, the study explores social psychological features of the psychology laboratory. In particular, it examines aspects of Orne's (1962) account of what he called the demand characteristics of the psychological experiment. The data come from a corpus of audio recordings of experimenter-participant interaction during experiments on extra-sensory perception. These kinds of experiments, and the phenomena they purport to study, are undoubtedly controversial; however, the paper argues that there are grounds for social psychologists to consider parapsychology experiments as a class (albeit distinctive) of psychology experiments, and, therefore, as sites in which general social psychological and communicative phenomena can be studied. The empirical sections of the paper examine interaction during part of the experimental procedure when the experimenter verbally reviews a record of the participant's imagery reported during an earlier part of the experiment. The analysis shows that the way in which the experimenter acknowledges the research participants' utterances may be significant for the trajectory of the experiment and explores how the participants' subsequent performance in the experiment may be influenced by interactionally generated contingencies. PMID:17877849
The Impact of Social Media-Focused Information & Communication Technologies on Business Performance via Mediating Mechanisms: An Exploratory Study on Communication and Advertising Agencies in Turkey
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Fatih Gecti
Full Text Available The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of social media-focused information & communicationtechnologies on business performance via some mediating variables. These mediating variables aremarketing-based outputs and costs. In this context, a survey was conducted on 152 communication &advertising agencies operating in Turkey that were selected through convenience sampling method. A researchmodel was developed and the proposed relationships were tested using structural equation modeling via AMOS.The empirical findings indicate that social media-focused information & communication technologies positivelyaffect the business performance via the mediation of marketing-based outputs and costs.
Social media and its dual use in biopreparedness: communication and visualization tools in an animal bioterrorism incident.
Sjöberg, Elisabeth; Barker, Gary C; Landgren, Jonas; Griberg, Isaac; Skiby, Jeffrey E; Tubbin, Anna; von Stapelmohr, Anne; Härenstam, Malin; Jansson, Mikael; Knutsson, Rickard
This article focuses on social media and interactive challenges for emergency organizations during a bioterrorism or agroterrorism incident, and it outlines the dual-use dilemma of social media. Attackers or terrorists can use social media as their modus operandi, and defenders, including emergency organizations in law enforcement and public and animal health, can use it for peaceful purposes. To get a better understanding of the uses of social media in these situations, a workshop was arranged in Stockholm, Sweden, to raise awareness about social media and animal bioterrorism threats. Fifty-six experts and crisis communicators from international and national organizations participated. As a result of the workshop, it was concluded that emergency organizations can collect valuable information and monitor social media before, during, and after an outbreak. In order to make use of interactive communication to obtain collective intelligence from the public, emergency organizations must adapt to social networking technologies, requiring multidisciplinary knowledge in the fields of information, communication, IT, and biopreparedness. Social network messaging during a disease outbreak can be visualized in stream graphs and networks showing clusters of Twitter and Facebook users. The visualization of social media can be an important preparedness tool in the response to bioterrorism and agroterrorism. PMID:23971817
Social Media and Its Dual Use in Biopreparedness: Communication and Visualization Tools in an Animal Bioterrorism Incident
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Sjöberg, Elisabeth; Barker, Gary C.
This article focuses on social media and interactive challenges for emergency organizations during a bioterrorism or agroterrorism incident, and it outlines the dual-use dilemma of social media. Attackers or terrorists can use social media as their modus of operandi, and defenders, including emergency organizations in law enforcement and public and animal health, can use it for peaceful purposes. To get a better understanding of the uses of social media in these situations, a workshop was arranged in Stockholm, Sweden, to raise awareness about social media and animal bioterrorism threats. Fifty-six experts and crisis communicators from international and national organizations participated. As a result of the workshop, it was concluded that emergency organizations can collect valuable information and monitor social media before, during, and after an outbreak. In order to make use of interactive communication to obtain collective intelligence from the public, emergency organizations must adapt to social networking technologies, requiring multidisciplinary knowledge in the fields of information, communication, IT, and biopreparedness. Social network messaging during a disease outbreak can be visualized in stream graphs and networks showing clusters of Twitter and Facebook users. The visualization of social media can be an important preparedness tool in the response to bioterrorism and agroterrorism.
Social Communication and Vocal Recognition in Free-Ranging Rhesus Monkeys
Rendall, Christopher Andrew
Kinship and individual identity are key determinants of primate sociality, and the capacity for vocal recognition of individuals and kin is hypothesized to be an important adaptation facilitating intra-group social communication. Research was conducted on adult female rhesus monkeys on Cayo Santiago, Puerto Rico to test this hypothesis for three acoustically distinct calls characterized by varying selective pressures on communicating identity: coos (contact calls), grunts (close range social calls), and noisy screams (agonistic recruitment calls). Vocalization playback experiments confirmed a capacity for both individual and kin recognition of coos, but not screams (grunts were not tested). Acoustic analyses, using traditional spectrographic methods as well as linear predictive coding techniques, indicated that coos (but not grunts or screams) were highly distinctive, and that the effects of vocal tract filtering--formants --contributed more to statistical discriminations of both individuals and kin groups than did temporal or laryngeal source features. Formants were identified from very short (23 ms.) segments of coos and were stable within calls, indicating that formant cues to individual and kin identity were available throughout a call. This aspect of formant cues is predicted to be an especially important design feature for signaling identity efficiently in complex acoustic environments. Results of playback experiments involving manipulated coo stimuli provided preliminary perceptual support for the statistical inference that formant cues take precedence in facilitating vocal recognition. The similarity of formants among female kin suggested a mechanism for the development of matrilineal vocal signatures from the genetic and environmental determinants of vocal tract morphology shared among relatives. The fact that screams --calls strongly expected to communicate identity--were not individually distinctive nor recognized suggested the possibility that their acoustic structure and role in signaling identity might be constrained by functional or morphological design requirements associated with their role in signaling submission.
A sense of change: media designers and artists communicating about complexity in social-ecological systems
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Joost M. Vervoort
Full Text Available To take on the current and future challenges of global environmental change, fostering a widespread societal understanding of and engagement with the complex dynamics that characterize interacting human and natural systems is essential. Current science communication methods struggle with a number of specific challenges associated with communicating about complex systems. In this study we report on two collaborative processes, a short workshop and longer course, that aimed to harness the insights of interactive media designers and artists to overcome these challenges. The two processes resulted in 86 new interactive media concepts which were selected by the participants and organizers using set criteria and then evaluated using the same criteria by a panel of communication and media design experts and a panel of complex systems scientists using the same criteria. The top eight concepts are discussed in this paper. These concepts fell into the categories of serious games, group interaction concepts, and social media storytelling. The serious games focused directly on complex systems characteristics and were evaluated to be intuitive and engaging designs that combined transparency and complexity well. The group interaction concepts focused mostly on feedbacks and nonlinearity but were fully developed and tested in the workshops, and evaluated as engaging, accessible, and easy to implement in workshops and educational settings. The social media storytelling concepts involved less direct interactions with system dynamics but were seen as highly accessible to large scale audiences. The results of this study show the potential of interdisciplinary collaboration between complex systems scientists, designers, and artists. The results and process discussed in this paper show the value of more structural engagement of interactive media designers and artist communities in the development of communication tools about human and natural systems change.
Communication, knowledge, social network and family planning utilization among couples in Mwanza, Tanzania.
Mosha, Idda H; Ruben, Ruerd
Family planning utilization in Tanzania is low. This study was cross sectional. It examined family planning use and socio demographic variables, social networks, knowledge and communication among the couples, whereby a stratified sample of 440 women of reproductive age (18-49), married or cohabiting was studied in Mwanza, Tanzania. A structured questionnaire with questions on knowledge, communication among the couples and practice of family planning was used. Descriptive statistics and Logistic regression were used to identify factors associated with family planning (FP) use at four levels. The findings showed that majority (73.2%) of respondents have not used family planning. Wealth was positive related to FP use (p=.000, OR = 3.696, and 95% C.I = 1.936 lower and upper 7.055). Religion was associated with FP use (p=.002, OR =2.802, 95% C.I = 1.476 lower and 5.321 upper), communication and FP use were significantly associated, (p=.000, OR = 0.323 and 95% C.I = 0.215) lower and upper = 0.483), social network and FP use (p=.000, OR = 2.162 and 95% C.I = 1.495 lower and upper =3.125) and knowledge and FP use(p=.000, OR = 2.224 and 95% C.I = 1.509 lower and upper =3.278). Wealth showed a significant association with FP use (p=.001, OR = 1.897, 95% C.I = 0.817 lower and 4.404).Urban area was positively associated with FP use (p= .000, OR = 0.008 and 95% C.I = 0.001 lower and upper =0.09), semi urban was significant at (p= .004, OR = 3.733 and C.I = 1.513 lower and upper =9.211). Information, education and communication materials and to promote family planning in Tanzania should designed and promoted. PMID:24069768
The role of socializing agents in communicating healthy eating to adolescents : A cross cultural study
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Chan, Kara; Prendergast, Gerard
A survey was conducted of 386 Danish and Hong Kong adolescents aged 11 to 16. Looking at socializing agents, respondents claimed that parents asked them to eat healthy food more often than the government publicity, teachers or friends. Parents were also perceived as being the most effective source in encouraging them to eat healthy food. Respondents considered news and fear appeals for communicating healthy eating the most effective, while popularity and achievement appeals were considered less effective. Respondents with higher collectivism scores showed a higher liking and perceived effectiveness of all five advertising appeals.
Communicating Corporate Social Responsibility: A study of the evolution of websites disclosures in Italy
The aim of the paper is to analyse how the use of the Internet for social disclosure is changed over time. The paper presents a dynamic analysis on a sample of Italian companies that at the beginning of the observation period were listed on the Italian Exchange. The present use of the Internet for CSR-related communication of sample companies is analysed and compared to their mode of using this medium in 2003. Results highlight a growing and widespread diffusion of the use of the Internet for...
Verbal play as a discourse resource in the social interactions of older and younger communication pairs.
Shune, Samantha; Duff, Melissa Collins
Verbal play, or the playful manipulation of elements of language, is a pervasive component of social interaction, serving important interpersonal functions. We analyzed verbal play in the interactional discourse of ten healthy younger pairs and ten healthy older pairs as they completed a collaborative referencing task. A total of 1,893 verbal play episodes were coded. While there were no group differences in verbal play frequency, age-related differences in the quality and function of these episodes emerged. While older participants engaged in more complex, extended, and reciprocal episodes that supported the social nature of communicative interactions (e.g., teasing), younger participants were more likely to engage in verbal play episodes for the purpose of successful task completion. Despite these age-related variations in the deployment of verbal play, verbal play is a robust interactional discourse resource in healthy aging, highlighting an element of human cognition that does not appear to decline with age. PMID:25485072
Cereal Couture Meets Social Networks : A case study on me&goji using Social Networks as a marketing tool to communicate their Value Proposition
Af Ekenstam, Anna
The cereal couture company, [me] & goji, is the dream of three young entrepreneurs. They were the first online company ever to provide the U.S market with customized cereal mix. This case study finds that online companies with an innovative product such as [me] & goji may benefit from using Social Networks as a marketing channel to communicate their Value Proposition. Supported by Roger's Adoption theory, selected theories on, Value Proposition, Social Networks, and qualitative data g...
Social Communication and Theory of Mind in Boys with Autism and Fragile X Syndrome
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Full Text Available Impairments in the social use of language, or pragmatics, constitute a core characteristic of autism. Problems with pragmatic language have also been documented in fragile X syndrome, a monogenic condition that is the most common known genetic cause of autism. Evidence suggests that social cognitive ability, or theory of mind, may also be impaired in both conditions, and in autism, may importantly relate to pragmatic language ability. Given the substantial overlap observed in autism and FXS, this study aimed to better define those social-communicative phenotypes that overlap in these two conditions by comparing pragmatic language ability and theory of mind in children with idiopathic autism and children with FXS, with and without autism, as well as children with Down syndrome and typically developing controls. We further examined correlations between these cognitive-behavioral phenotypes and molecular genetic variation related to FMR1 in the FXS group. Results indicated that children with idiopathic autism and those with FXS and autism performed comparably on direct-assessment measures of pragmatic language and theory of mind, whereas those with FXS only did not differ from controls. Theory of mind was related to pragmatic language ability in all groups. Pragmatic language and theory of mind also correlated with genetic variation at the FMR1 locus (CGG repeats and percent methylation. These results point towards substantial overlap in the social and language phenotypes in autism and FXS and suggest a molecular genetic basis to these phenotypic profiles.
Communication of emergency public warnings: A social science perspective and state-of-the-art assessment
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Mileti, D.S. (Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins, CO (USA)); Sorensen, J.H. (Oak Ridge National Lab., TN (USA))
More than 200 studies of warning systems and warning response were reviewed for this social science perspective and state-of-the-art assessment of communication of emergency public warnings. The major findings are as follows. First, variations in the nature and content of warnings have a large impact on whether or not the public heeds the warning. Relevant factors include the warning source; warning channel; the consistency, credibility, accuracy, and understandability of the message; and the warning frequency. Second, characteristics of the population receiving the warning affect warning response. These include social characteristics such as gender, ethnicity and age, social setting characteristics such as stage of life or family context, psychological characteristics such as fatalism or risk perception, and knowledge characteristics such as experience or training. Third, many current myths about public response to emergency warning are at odds with knowledge derived from field investigations. Some of these myths include the keep it simple'' notion, the cry wolf'' syndrome, public panic and hysteria, and those concerning public willingness to respond to warnings. Finally, different methods of warning the public are not equally effective at providing an alert and notification in different physical and social settings. Most systems can provide a warning given three or more hours of available warning time. Special systems such as tone-alert radios are needed to provide rapid warning. 235 refs., 8 figs., 2 tabs.
Mobile communication and ethics: implications of everyday actions on social order
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Rich Ling
Full Text Available Of the many opportunities and affordances that mobile technologies bring to our day-to-day lives, the ability to cheat physical separation and remain accessible to each other—in an instant—also brings pressure to bear on well-established social conventions as to how we should act when we are engaged with others in shared spaces. In this paper we explore some ethical dimensions of mobile communication by considering the manner in which individuals in everyday contexts balance interpretations of emergent social conventions with personal desires to connect in the moment. As we later discuss, the decisions made in response to a ringing mobile phone or flashing text message emerge from consequential versus deontological ethical frames used to determine what to do versus what we ought to do. This is particularly true in western and North American cultural contexts from which our data are collected. Using Goffman's dramaturgy, we suggest that these conflicts occurring on an individual level provide evidence of social structure, and are simultaneously entwined with our less obvious ruminations on the maintenance of social order.http://dx.doi.org/10.5324/eip.v4i2.1760
Comunicar para el cambio social: una comunicación ética y política: Entrevista con Alfonso Gumucio Dagron / The act of communicating for social change: ethical and political communications.: Interview with Alfonso Gumucio Dagron
Scientific Electronic Library Online (English)
GABRIELl JAIME, PÉREZ S. J.; MÓNICA MARIÓN, CASTAŃO; FANNY PATRICIA, RANCO.
Full Text Available En este artículo, a partir de sus experiencias académicas y laborales, Alfonso Gumucio Dagron define el concepto comunicación para el cambio social como el planteamiento más reciente de las teorías de la dependencia y de los enfoques de la comunicación. Él sostiene que se centra en la sistematizació [...] n de experiencias, porque facilita recuperar el conocimiento producido en el diálogo social, a partir de lecciones narradas y aprendidas por las comunidades. Así mismo, sostiene que la metodología más adecuada para dinamizar experiencias de comunicación para el cambio social es la investigación acción-participativa (IAP), porque permite investigar y acompańar procesos desde el conocimiento académico y profesional en dinámicas de participación, diálogo y construcción colectiva Abstract in english In this article, based on his academic and work experience, Alfonso Gumucio Dagron describes the concept of communication for social change as the most recent of all dependency theories and approaches to the field of communications. He argues that the concept centers on the systematization of experi [...] ences, since it [the concept] facilitates the process of recovering the knowledge engendered by social dialogue, starting from the lessons both narrated and learned by the communities. At the same time, he holds that the most suitable methodology to revitalize communication experiences for social change is through participatory action research (PAR), because it allows both research and partaking in social processes from the academic and professional perspective when building participatory, dialogical, and collective dynamics.
[The elderly subject and social violence: the body as a factor in communication].
Tamburro, G A; Di Sciascio, G; De Giglio, F
The social inferiority of an elderly person stems from his physical inferiority--actual or alleged but always possible. And yet this "inferior" body is paradoxically hypertrophic: at first it masks the person, then takes up its space until it negates it. Hence, an elderly person is not only a body but a lonely body. In his relations with other people, his body becomes a receiver, a receptacle and a source of communication. Social violence underlies relations with elderly people: such violence may be deceptive, widespread and continuous or, on the other hand, manifest, episodic and conspicuous. In the first case it may be a way of assigning subalternate roles to them in relation to the efficiency expected of them or a way of mythologizing their condition as one of pseudo-happiness. In the second case is generally relates to assaults, thefts, bag-snatching, etc. In any case, however, communication with them entails violence: their body perceives this and reacts to it. This is why their body's language is violent: their body cries out, it is stunned and it is acted upon (even--and unavoidably--in relations with a therapist). PMID:1345404
Socially Responsible Corporate Communications in Mexico: Evidence of the Large Companies by Their Operational Levels
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Teodoro Rafael Wendlandt Amezaga
Full Text Available The aim of this study is to know the general condition of business communications regarding Corporate SocialResponsibility (CSR in large Mexican companies, and identify the significant differences in terms of a set ofindicators and in comparison with three different operational levels. Specifically, based in a relevant previousresearch work by Maignan and Ralston (2002 and analyzing the content of 150 Mexican business websites as asample frame, the study evaluates the differences in a set of CSR indicators divided in principles, processes andstakeholder issues. And then, compare these indicators among the national, international and multinational levelby utilizing the statistical Chi-square test. The main findings suggest a high prevalence of corporatecommunications regarding social responsibilities in large Mexican companies, especially from those that operateon a multinational level and coming from abroad. The performance-driven principle was found to be the mainmotivation behind CSR communications for all levels; quality programs were the most employed CSR process inorder to build a good citizenship image; and the stakeholder issues related to shareholders and the indicator ofservice/product quality from the customers group, were those found more significantly similar among thegroups.
Comunicaçăo para mudança social: projeto Canal*Motoboy / Communications for social change: project Canal*Motoboy / Comunicación para el cambio social: proyecto Canal*Motoboy
Scientific Electronic Library Online (English)
Maria das Graças, Targino; Alisson Dias, Gomes.
Full Text Available Na atualidade, a mídia de referęncia enfrenta a propagaçăo dos meios alternativos dirigidos ŕ democratizaçăo das informaçőes geradas por cidadăos comuns. O Canal*Motoboy constitui exemplo desta modalidade de comunicaçăo. Sua proposta é consolidar uma estrutura aberta para dar voz ao coletivo de moto [...] boys de Săo Paulo (SP), Brasil. Devidamente treinados e recorrendo ao celular multimídia, registram seu dia a dia no website Canal*Motoboy. Este artigo analisa o projeto, a partir da concepçăo da comunicaçăo para mudança social, uma vez que o direito ŕ liberdade de expressăo, historicamente, tem sido expropriado dos cidadăos por conta da expansăo vertiginosa dos conglomerados comunicacionais. Além da revisăo de literatura, o objeto de estudo segue perspectiva qualitativa mediante uso das técnicas de observaçăo e de entrevista em profundidade para obtençăo de informaçőes complementares junto aos atores do coletivo. Abstract in spanish En la actualidad, los medios de comunicación de referencia se contraponen a la propagación de los medios alternativos dirigidos a la democratización de informaciones, generadas por ciudadanos comunes. El Canal*Motoboy constituye un ejemplo de esa modalidad de comunicación. Su propuesta es consolidar [...] una estructura abierta para dar voz al colectivo de motoboys de Săo Paulo (SP), Brasil. Debidamente entrenados y recurriendo al teléfono móvil multimedia, registran su día-a-día en el website Canal*Motoboy. Este artículo analiza este proyecto, a partir de la concepción de la comunicación para el cambio social, una vez que el derecho a la libertad de expresión, históricamente, ha sido expropiado de los ciudadanos por cuenta de la expansión de los conglomerados comunicacionales. Además de la revisión de literatura, el objeto de estudio se ha abordado desde una perspectiva cualitativa a través de la técnica de observación y de entrevista en profundidad para las informaciones de actores del colectivo. Abstract in english Nowadays, reference media faces the alternative media propagation, which uses different means and it is based on the work of independent producers who target the information democratization in every possible format at no cost and created by "common citizens". The Canal*Motoboy, a project by the Cata [...] lan Antoni Abad, is an example of this kind of communication. He aims to consolidate an open structure in order to give voice to motoboysą from Săo Paulo (SP), Brazil. After being properly trained and by using their multimedia cell phones, they register their routine on Canal*Motoboy website. This article analyzes the progress of this project, based on the communication for social change, once the right to freedom of expression, historically, has been expropriated from citizens on account of the expansion of communication conglomerates. The methodological approach will consist of observation and deep interview technique, as well as literature review.
A South African university-practitioner partnership to strengthen capacity in social and behaviour change communication
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Nicola J. Christofides
Full Text Available Globally, communication plays an integral role in public health strategies, from infectious diseases to diseases related to lifestyles. The evolution of the field of social and behaviour change communication (SBCC, combined with the need for evidence based practice and multi-level interventions to promote health, and human resource gaps in sub-Saharan Africa have led to the imperative to standardise and formalise the field. Moreover, current practitioners come from different disciplinary backgrounds underlining the need to define common core skills and competencies. This paper describes the partnership between the Wits School of Public Health and the Soul City Institute for Health and Development Communication and how the partners responded to this need. It highlights the factors influencing sustainable institutional capacity to provide quality assured, accredited training. We describe an unexpected positive response from a number of practitioner organisations that have chosen to send multiple staff members for training, specifically to build a critical mass within their organisations. Finally, we note the interest from (mostly southern-based academic institutions in setting up similar programmes and postulate that south–south collaborations can contribute to building sustainable context specific and evidence-informed SBCC programmes in the global south.
[Social media and medical apps: how they can change health communication, education and care].
Santoro, Eugenio
Social media and medical apps for smartphones and tablets are changing health communication, education and care. This change involves physicians and other health care professionals which for their education, training and updating have started to follow public pages and profiles opened by medical journals and professional societies on the online social networking sites (such as Facebook, Twitter and Google+), to access scientific content (videos, images, slides) available on user-generated contents sites (such as SlideShare, Pinterest and YouTube) or on health professional online communities such as Sermo, and to use medical and health apps on their smartphones and tablets. As shown by a number of experiences conducted in US by health institutions such as the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention of Atlanta and hospitals such a the Mayo Clinic, these tools are also transforming the way to make health promotion activities and communication, promote healthy habits and lifestyles, and prevent chronic diseases. Finally this change involves patients which are starting to use medical and health apps on their smartphones and tablets to monitor their diseases, and tools such as Patients Like Me (an online patients' community), Facebook and Twitter to share with others the same disease experience, to learn about the disease and treatments, and to find opinions on physicians, hospitals and medical centers. These new communication tools allow users to move to a kind of collaborative education and updating where news and contents (such as public health recommendations, results of the most recent clinical researches or medical guidelines) may be shared and discussed. PMID:23748682
Conselho de comunicaçăo social: uma válvula para o diálogo ou para o silęncio? / Conseil de communication sociale: une alternative pour le dialogue ou pour le silence? / Council of social communication: a valve toward dialogue or toward silence?
Scientific Electronic Library Online (English)
Anita, Simis.
Full Text Available Este trabalho analisa o Conselho de Comunicaçăo Social, sua importância e sua trajetória, procurando explicar por que tal Conselho,regulamentado em 1991, só foi efetivamente implantado 14 anos depois. Após um curto período de funcionamento, năo houve a renovaçăo da gestăo e, desde dezembro de 2006, [...] ele está ocioso. No entanto, a necessidade de funcionamento do Conselho é apontada por diversos setores, ainda que com mudanças em seu caráter e representaçăo. Abstract in english This work analyzes the Council of Social Communication, its importance and its trajectory, trying to explain why the Council ruled in 1991, was implanted only 14 years later. After a short period of functioning, there was not a renewal of the management and, since December 2002, it has been idle. Ne [...] vertheless, the necessity of the Council management is pointed out by various sectors, though with changes in its character and representation.
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Viktor Nikolaevich Pustovoytov
Full Text Available Experience in the sphere of independent cognitive activity - cognitive competence - and the experience of communication and awareness of the significance of its activity in some field - social-communicative competence are important quality of modern man. Article considers the problem of forming the informative and social-communicative competences of students. It is shown that these competencies are key personal meta- and cross-competencies. Psycho-pedagogical strategies supporting their formation can be designed and implemented as a unified process. Effective medium formation of experience in the field of self-regulated learning, communicative experience and awareness of the personal importance of cognitive activity is learning academic subjects, and the condition and means - interactive forms of learning. The implementation of group-differentiated form of organization of students is analyzed in this context. Results of the study outlined in this article, have contributed to the problems of implementing competence-based approach to learning.
Correlatos entre o perfil comunicativo e adaptaçăo sócio-comunicativa no espectro autístico Correlates between communicative profile and social communicative adaptation in the autistic spectrum
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Priscilla Faria Sousa-Morato
Full Text Available OBJETIVO: verificar se há correlaçőes significativas entre os dados referentes ao perfil funcional da comunicaçăo e os dados da adaptaçăo sócio-comunicativa obtidos por meio de entrevistas individuais com os pais e as terapeutas de crianças com Distúrbios do Espectro Autístico. MÉTODOS: foram sujeitos deste estudo 48 crianças, com diagnóstico clínico incluído no espectro autístico com os quais foram coletados os dados para a determinaçăo do perfil funcional da comunicaçăo por meio de situaçăo lúdica, buscando a espontaneidade comunicativa. Participaram ainda, os responsáveis, legais e pelo atendimento fonoaudiológico especializado, das 48 crianças, ou seja, 46 măes e dois pais e 15 terapeutas, respondendo individualmente a um questionário sobre o relacionamento social das crianças citadas. RESULTADOS: pode-se observar que os resultados referentes ŕ adaptaçăo sócio-comunicativa obtida a partir de entrevistas com terapeutas e pais apresentaram correlaçőes significativas com o perfil funcional da comunicaçăo. De forma geral, o estudo das correlaçőes entre os aspectos do perfil comunicativo e da adaptaçăo sócio-comunicativa năo apresentou um grande número de correlaçőes, sendo este número ainda menor quando os pais foram os informantes, demonstrando a interdependęncia das áreas estudas. CONCLUSĂO: uma das maiores evidęncias deste trabalho é que mesmo que as crianças do espectro autístico apresentem um desenvolvimento deficitário das habilidades de linguagem, cogniçăo e socializaçăo, ainda assim elas săo capazes de extrair pistas lingüísticas e năo-lingüísticas do meio comunicativo, e utilizá-las de forma contextual em sua vida social, associando-as com os ganhos na linguagem e no desempenho sócio-cognitivo.PURPOSE: to check if there are any significant correlations among the data on the functional communicative profile and social-communicative adaptation obtained in individual interviews with parents and therapists of children with autistic spectrum disorders (ASD. METHODS: subjects were: 48 children with psychiatric diagnosis within the autistic spectrum whose functional communicative profile was obtained in play sessions with a language therapist; 48 parents (46 mothers and 2 fathers and 15 language therapists that answered individually to questionnaires about the children's social performance. RESULTS: it could be observed that the results referring to the social communicative adaptation obtained with the therapists and parents of children with autistic spectrum disorders showed significant correlations with the functional communicative profile. Data on social communicative performance provided by the therapists showed more significant correlations with the functional communicative profile than those obtained with the parents. The number of correlations was generically smaller when the parents provided data on social communicative performance. CONCLUSION: one of the most important results of this study is the evidence that even though ASD children present important deficits in language development, cognition and social abilities, they can be able to extract linguistic and non-linguistic clues from the communicative environment and use them in their social live along with linguistic and social-cognitive improvements.
Correlatos entre o perfil comunicativo e adaptaçăo sócio-comunicativa no espectro autístico / Correlates between communicative profile and social communicative adaptation in the autistic spectrum
Scientific Electronic Library Online (English)
Priscilla Faria, Sousa-Morato; Fernanda Dreux Miranda, Fernandes.
Full Text Available OBJETIVO: verificar se há correlaçőes significativas entre os dados referentes ao perfil funcional da comunicaçăo e os dados da adaptaçăo sócio-comunicativa obtidos por meio de entrevistas individuais com os pais e as terapeutas de crianças com Distúrbios do Espectro Autístico. MÉTODOS: foram sujeit [...] os deste estudo 48 crianças, com diagnóstico clínico incluído no espectro autístico com os quais foram coletados os dados para a determinaçăo do perfil funcional da comunicaçăo por meio de situaçăo lúdica, buscando a espontaneidade comunicativa. Participaram ainda, os responsáveis, legais e pelo atendimento fonoaudiológico especializado, das 48 crianças, ou seja, 46 măes e dois pais e 15 terapeutas, respondendo individualmente a um questionário sobre o relacionamento social das crianças citadas. RESULTADOS: pode-se observar que os resultados referentes ŕ adaptaçăo sócio-comunicativa obtida a partir de entrevistas com terapeutas e pais apresentaram correlaçőes significativas com o perfil funcional da comunicaçăo. De forma geral, o estudo das correlaçőes entre os aspectos do perfil comunicativo e da adaptaçăo sócio-comunicativa năo apresentou um grande número de correlaçőes, sendo este número ainda menor quando os pais foram os informantes, demonstrando a interdependęncia das áreas estudas. CONCLUSĂO: uma das maiores evidęncias deste trabalho é que mesmo que as crianças do espectro autístico apresentem um desenvolvimento deficitário das habilidades de linguagem, cogniçăo e socializaçăo, ainda assim elas săo capazes de extrair pistas lingüísticas e năo-lingüísticas do meio comunicativo, e utilizá-las de forma contextual em sua vida social, associando-as com os ganhos na linguagem e no desempenho sócio-cognitivo. Abstract in english PURPOSE: to check if there are any significant correlations among the data on the functional communicative profile and social-communicative adaptation obtained in individual interviews with parents and therapists of children with autistic spectrum disorders (ASD). METHODS: subjects were: 48 children [...] with psychiatric diagnosis within the autistic spectrum whose functional communicative profile was obtained in play sessions with a language therapist; 48 parents (46 mothers and 2 fathers) and 15 language therapists that answered individually to questionnaires about the children's social performance. RESULTS: it could be observed that the results referring to the social communicative adaptation obtained with the therapists and parents of children with autistic spectrum disorders showed significant correlations with the functional communicative profile. Data on social communicative performance provided by the therapists showed more significant correlations with the functional communicative profile than those obtained with the parents. The number of correlations was generically smaller when the parents provided data on social communicative performance. CONCLUSION: one of the most important results of this study is the evidence that even though ASD children present important deficits in language development, cognition and social abilities, they can be able to extract linguistic and non-linguistic clues from the communicative environment and use them in their social live along with linguistic and social-cognitive improvements.
Communicating HIV status in sexual interactions: assessing social cognitive constructs, situational factors, and individual characteristics among South African MSM.
Knox, Justin; Reddy, Vasu; Kaighobadi, Farnaz; Nel, Dawie; Sandfort, Theo
This study assessed whether social cognitive constructs, situational factors, and individual characteristics were associated with communicating HIV status and whether communication was related to sexual risk behavior. A quota-sampling method stratified by age, race, and township was used to recruit 300 men who have sex with men to participate in a community-based survey in Pretoria in 2008. Participants reported characteristics of their last sexual encounter involving anal sex, including whether they or their partner had communicated their HIV status. Fifty-nine percent of participants reported that they or their partner had communicated their HIV status. HIV communication self-efficacy (aOR = 1.2, 95 % CI: 1.04-1.68), being with a steady partner (aOR = 0.36, 95 % CI: 0.19-0.67), and being Black (versus White; aOR = 0.08, 95 % CI: 0.03-0.27) were independently associated with communicating HIV status. Communicating HIV status was not associated with unprotected anal intercourse. HIV communication self-efficacy increases men's likelihood of communicating HIV status. Being with a steady partner and being Black reduces that likelihood. Communication about HIV status did not lead to safer sex. PMID:23065127
External communication of corporate social responsibility initiatives in the case of the Deloitte Finland CoRe Champion Peru project
Lamberg, Noora
The objective of this thesis project was to examine the external communication of an international professional services firm, Deloitte, with regard to their on-going corporate social responsibility (CSR) project. A secondary objective of the study was to identify areas in need of improvement and to make further recommendations in order to enhance the overall effectiveness of the project communication. To be able to form a comprehensive opinion of the strengths and weaknesses of the curr...
Communicating HIV Status in Sexual Interactions: Assessing Social Cognitive Constructs, Situational Factors, and Individual Characteristics Among South African MSM
Knox, Justin; Reddy, Vasu; Kaighobadi, Farnaz; Nel, Dawie; Sandfort, Theo
This study assessed whether social cognitive constructs, situational factors, and individual characteristics were associated with communicating HIV status and whether communication was related to sexual risk behavior. A quota-sampling method stratified by age, race, and township was used to recruit 300 men who have sex with men to participate in a community-based survey in Pretoria in 2008. Participants reported characteristics of their last sexual encounter involving anal sex, including whet...
Increasing the Social Communication of a Boy With Autism Using Animal-assisted Play Therapy: A Case Report.
Fung, Suk Chun
Context • Although research has shown that animal-assisted play therapy (AAPT) is associated with increased positive social behaviors in children with autism, the related literature on AAPT and autism is very limited. Objectives • The study tested the effectiveness of AAPT in increasing the social communication of a boy with autism. The treatment's effects on specific types of social communication were also investigated. Design • An A-B-A single-subject design was adopted to examine treatment effectiveness. Follow-up assessments were made at 1 mo posttreatment. Setting • The videotaped treatment sessions were held in the multipurpose room of the participant's school. Participant • A 7-y-old boy who had a diagnosis of autism and mild-grade intellectual disability participated in the study. Intervention • AAPT was implemented in 20-min sessions held 3 ×/wk. The 14 AAPT sessions occurred in 4 phases, covering child-dog relationship building and interaction in the presence of the therapist, with the diminishing presence of the dog occurring in phase 4.Outcome Measures • Naturally occurring social behaviors were measured in 3 baseline sessions, during the 14 AAPT sessions, during 3 posttreatment sessions, and again during 3 follow-up sessions. Momentary time sampling was used to estimate the frequency of target behaviors, using a 15-s interval. Behavioral categories were checked at every interval during each 20-min session in all 23 sessions. Results • The study showed that the boy's social communication increased during treatment and remained higher than baseline at follow-up. An analysis of specific types of social communication showed that the benefits of AAPT were most apparent in the joint-attention and waiting behaviors. Conclusions • The findings provide support for using AAPT as an intervention to facilitate the social communication of children with autism. PMID:26026154
Writing consumer identities through the iPod : The Good Guide application's role in communicating knowledge about Corporate Social Responsibility
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Kampf, Constance Elizabeth
How do web 2.0 and mobile technologies affect the available means for interaction between consumers and corporations? What are the implications for communicating corporate social responsibility? Gee (1996:6) states that "When we write or read, speak or listen, we coordinate and are coordinated by specific identities, specific ways of using language, various objects, tools, technologies, sites and institutions, as well as other people's minds and bodies." Using Gee's focus on the connection between language use, technology and context as part of identities in interaction, this paper explores the potential and implications of mobile technologies for the communication of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). The Good Guide iPod application is a mini third party database of product rankings in terms of social responsibility towards consumer health, environmental impact and social effects of production. It offers a space for examining the potential impacts of a technology mediated interaction between consumers and corporations.
The Double-Edged Effects of Social Media Terror Communication : Interconnection and Independence vs. Surveillance and Human Rights Calamities
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Nickel, Sandro
This paper connects the effects of social media on terror/anti-terror communication with dynamics and consequences of surveillance. Citizens become via social media more independent from mass media and more interconnected. This is also valid when citizens engage in terror/anti-terror communication. However, via social media citizens also become targets of the 'collect-it-all' surveillance, which was revealed to the global public in 2013. I argue that due to such surveillance some citizens might start to censor themselves and that surveillance inflicts with a number of human rights. I further argue that social media contribute to extending surveillance: by being a temptation for intelligence services, by not resisting state authorities and via constructing threat perceptions among populations which in effect deliver security politicians 'windows of opportunity' in order to implement ever more surveillance.
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Nickel, Sandro
This paper connects the effects of social media on terror/anti-terror communication with dynamics and consequences of surveillance. Citizens become via social media more independent from mass media and more interconnected. This is also valid when citizens engage in terror/anti-terror communication. However, via social media citizens also become targets of the 'collect-it-all' surveillance, which was revealed to the global public in 2013. I argue that due to such surveillance some citizens might start to censor themselves and that surveillance inflicts with a number of human rights. I further argue that social media contribute to extending surveillance: by being a temptation for intelligence services, by not resisting state authorities and via constructing threat perceptions among populations which in effect deliver security politicians 'windows of opportunity' in order to implement ever more surveillance.
"While you still think, I already type": experienced social power reduces deliberation during e-mail communication.
Scholl, Annika; Sassenberg, Kai
E-mail allows individuals to deliberate on their communication before sending it off. For instance, communication partners can easily take their time to ponder how best to frame a request before they actually send a message. Individuals at times strategically exploit this opportunity to deliberate in order to tailor messages to their communication partner, such as when communicating with a relatively more powerful person. As social power reduces concerns about impression management, we predicted that individuals deliberate more while composing e-mail messages under low (vs. high) power. This assumption was tested with well-established power priming. As such, we expected that experienced power in one context would diminish deliberation times during a subsequent e-mail communication. An experiment manipulating the experience of (low vs. high) power and measuring deliberation times during e-mail composition supported this hypothesis. The findings thus indicate how social power alters deliberation times. More importantly, the results show that individuals not only strategically deliberate during e-mail communication in line with their current situation, but also in line with their social standing in a previous situation (here, their experience of power). PMID:25286277
SRP meeting: social and political implications of communicating radiation risk, Daresbury, Warrington, 20 June 2001
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
The SRP held a very interesting meeting in June at the Daresbury Laboratory in Warrington on the social and political implications of communicating radiation risk. In today's risk-aware society, effective communication is just as important as the control measures introduced to prevent or restrict exposure. In relation to radiation protection, risk communicators had a hard job because of: Public dread Likelihood of risk intensification Perceived inequitable distribution of risks. The higher the uncertainty, the more wary people were likely to be. Julie cited the International Nuclear Events Scale (INES) as a possible tool for promoting a consistent message across all publics. This was because it aimed to put events into proper perspective and provide a common understanding amongst the nuclear community, the media and the public. Julie summed up by saying that the risk communication was not just any form of communication and the issue of communicating radiation risks involved special consideration. Further research established that the more information given to the local population, the more likely that they would deny that there was a problem. Denial could moderate beliefs or emotional reactions to a situation. This then affected their dose as they were more likely to adopt risky behaviour by eating contaminated food and entering contaminated areas. Avoiding the need to undertake safe behaviour reduced stress levels. Furthermore, people adopted beliefs to suit their sie, people adopted beliefs to suit their situation. For example, some inhabitants of the affected areas became adapted to the radiation and actually felt worse outside the contaminated area. There was strong pressure for the maintenance of a situation which actually prevented appropriate precautions being taken. Peter concluded that there was often confusion over the details of technical information that sometimes might not help to prevent a course of action being taken. However on a positive note the research did find credence and positive regard given to peer-provided information. In addition, the information on good practice developed by local focus groups in the area was actually used to limit personal dose. The conclusion was that key information should concentrate on what people needed to know in order to deal with everyday life. My personal conclusion for the day was that it could take time to set in motion partnerships for the future, but that should not stop us from laying down foundations on which to develop stakeholder dialogue for radiation protection. The future of radiation protection is likely to continue to evolve and we need to engage in active debate to help to secure a sustainable decision-making process
Social Robotic Experience and Media Communication Practices: An Exploration on the Emotional and Ritualized Human-technology-relations
Christine Linke
This article approaches the subject of social robots by focusing on the emotional relations people establish with media and information and communication technology (ICTs) in their everyday life. It examines human-technology-relation from a social studies point of view, seeking to raise questions that enable us to make a connection between the research on human relationships and the topic of human-technology relation, especially human-humanoid-relation. In order to explore the human-technolog...
Communication activity in a social network: relation between long-term correlations and inter-event clustering
Diego Rybski; Buldyrev, Sergey V.; Shlomo Havlin; Fredrik Liljeros; Makse, Herna?n A.
Human communication in social networks is dominated by emergent statistical laws such as non-trivial correlations and temporal clustering. Recently, we found long-term correlations in the user's activity in social communities. Here, we extend this work to study the collective behavior of the whole community with the goal of understanding the origin of clustering and long-term persistence. At the individual level, we find that the correlations in activity are a byproduct of the clustering expr...
Communication, advice exchange and job satisfaction of nursing staff: a social network analyses of 35 long-term care units
Frijters Dinnus HM; Spreeuwenberg Peter PM; Wagner Cordula; Van Beek Adriana PA; Ribbe Miel W; Groenewegen Peter P.
Abstract Background The behaviour of individuals is affected by the social networks in which they are embedded. Networks are also important for the diffusion of information and the influence of employees in organisations. Yet, at the moment little is known about the social networks of nursing staff in healthcare settings. This is the first study that investigates informal communication and advice networks of nursing staff in long-term care. We examine the structure of the networks, how they a...
Winning Facebook - and the Rest of the World? : How and when do candidate communication on social media make a difference?
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Hoff, Jens Villiam; Hansen, Kasper MŘller
This article presents a study of nine leading candidates' communication on Facebook during the parliament election campaign in Denmark in fall 2011. It relates their communication to the historical use of social media in Denmark by politicians, to Danish candidate campaign communication in general and to survey data about media use during the election campaign. Analysis of the content of 612 status updates and their likes and comments reveal that the most popular content are content which center on politics, not election campaign activities or private life. Media references are used extensively. We conclude that certain types of content may win Facebook, but the election itself is still largely won through TV.
Verbal repetition in Greek tragedy
Pickering, P. E.
This thesis examines the ways in which critics, ancient and modem, have looked at verbal repetitions in the texts of Greek tragedy, in particular those repetitions of lexical words which may seem careless or unintentional. It compares surviving plays (taking a sample of those of Euripides). An index of repetitiveness for each play is calculated; it emerges that while Aeschylus' plays have a wide range, there is a statistically significant difference between those of Sophocles a...
Does Gender Influence Core Deficits in ASD? An Investigation into Social-Communication and Play of Girls and Boys with ASD
Harrop, Clare; Shire, Stephanie; Gulsrud, Amanda; Chang, Ya-Chih; Ishijima, Eric; Lawton, Kathy; Kasari, Connie
Due to the predominance of boys diagnosed with autism spectrum disorders (ASD), girls are rarely studied independently. Research specifically focusing on play and social-communication in girls with ASD is extremely varied. We were interested in whether girls with ASD demonstrated equivalent social-communication and play skills in early childhood…
Social Communication Competence and Functional Adaptation in a General Population of Children: Preliminary Evidence for Sex-by-Verbal IQ Differential Risk
Skuse, David H.; Mandy, William D.; Steer, Colin; Miller, Laura L.; Lawrence, Kate; Amond, Alan; Golding, Jean
Results from a Social and Communication Disorders Checklist finds that the scores were continuously distributed in the general population and that boys had mean scores 30 percent higher than girls. Above-average verbal IQ appears to protect female subjects from social communication impairments but not in male subjects. Participants to the study…
Advances in segmentation modeling for health communication and social marketing campaigns.
Albrecht, T L; Bryant, C
Large-scale communication campaigns for health promotion and disease prevention involve analysis of audience demographic and psychographic factors for effective message targeting. A variety of segmentation modeling techniques, including tree-based methods such as Chi-squared Automatic Interaction Detection and logistic regression, are used to identify meaningful target groups within a large sample or population (N = 750-1,000+). Such groups are based on statistically significant combinations of factors (e.g., gender, marital status, and personality predispositions). The identification of groups or clusters facilitates message design in order to address the particular needs, attention patterns, and concerns of audience members within each group. We review current segmentation techniques, their contributions to conceptual development, and cost-effective decision making. Examples from a major study in which these strategies were used are provided from the Texas Women, Infants and Children Program's Comprehensive Social Marketing Program. PMID:10947354
Validity of the social communication questionnaire in adults with intellectual disabilities and suspected autism spectrum disorder.
Sappok, Tanja; Diefenbacher, Albert; Gaul, Isabell; Bölte, Sven
This study examined the validity of the Social Communication Questionnaire (SCQ) to identify autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in 151 adults with intellectual disabilities (ID) in Germany. Sensitivities and specificities for ASD were 98/47% for the SCQ-current version and 92/22% for the SCQ-lifetime version. Sensitivities and specificities were increased to 89/66% and 78/48% by adjusting the recommended cut-points. The SCQ-current score correlated with the Scale for Pervasive Developmental Disorders in Mentally Retarded Persons and the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule, whereas the SCQ-lifetime score correlated with the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised. Our findings support the use of the SCQ-current version for ASD screening in adults with ID, although the SCQ-lifetime version should be used with caution in this population. PMID:25928433
The role of socializing agents in communicating healthy eating to adolescents : A cross cultural study
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Chan, Kara; Prendergast, Gerard
A survey was conducted of 386 Danish and Hong Kong adolescents aged 11 to 16. Results showed that the consumption of relatively unhealthy food was common among respondents. Looking at socializing agents, respondents claimed that parents asked them to eat healthy food more often than the government publicity, teachers or friends. Parents were also perceived as being the most effective source in encouraging them to eat healthy food. Respondents considered news and fear appeals for communicating healthy eating the most effective, while popularity and achievement appeals were considered less effective. There were some gender and age differences in the liking and perceived effectiveness of five advertising appeals. Respondents with higher collectivism scores showed a higher liking and perceived effectiveness of advertising appeals.
Las Tecnologías de la Información y las Comunicaciones en los usos del conocimiento sociohumanístico (Information and Communications Technologies in the uses of social-humanistic knowledge
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Roberto López Dosagües
Full Text Available Resumen El presente artículo es parte de una investigación doctoral, que analiza un aspecto del uso de las tecnologías de la información y las comunicaciones en la primera década del siglo XXI, en un objeto específico del conocimiento: el sociohumanístico. El objetivo propuesto es demostrar desde esta área del saber, que lejos de eliminar el trabajo repetitivo, aburrido y tedioso, además de mejorar el acceso a la información, el entrenamiento y la calidad de la justicia social y la democracia, la realidad en el uso de estas tecnologías ha estado casi siempre del lado opuesto, dando lugar a nuevas divisiones o profundizando las ya existentes. Los métodos de Observación, Análisis y Síntesis, así como el Análisis Documental, especialmente durante la aplicación de la técnica del análisis de contenidos de bibliografía y datos estadísticos, fue la metodología empleada en la obtención de los resultados. Se develan maneras disímiles de usos del conocimiento sociohumanístico en su digitalización, desde las redes informáticas a nivel internacional. Propone a su vez, modos de usarlos para construir un futuro mejor y permita desarrollar lo que es vital para la vida humana, a partir de la formulación de objetivos e instrumentos que favorezcan su difusión y empleo. żTecnologías para qué y para quién? Ni los objetivos ni los instrumentos pueden ser neutrales respecto a estas preguntas. Abstract This article is part of a doctoral research, which examines one aspect of the use of information technology and communications in the first decade of the 21st century, in a given area of knowledge: humanities and social sciences. The objective of the investigations is to demonstrate from this area of knowledge that the reality on the use of these technologies has almost always been on the opposite side, creating new divisions or deepening existing ones. Far from eliminating repetitive, boring, tedious work, this area of knowledge improves access to information, training and quality of social justice and democracy. The methods used were Observations, Analysis an Synthesis, and Documentary Analysis, especially when applying the technique of content analysis of literature and statistical data. In this work are revealed different uses of the social-humanistic knowledge in digitizing this information using informatics. In the investigation are proposed the methods to employ this knowledge to build a better future from the use of instruments that favor their application. Technology: for whom and for what? Neither the objectives nor the instruments can be neutral with respect to these questions.
Why repetition? Repetitive babbling, auditory feedback, and cochlear implantation.
Fagan, Mary K
This study investigated the reduplicated, or repetitive vocalizations of hearing infants and infants with profound hearing loss with and without cochlear implants using a new measure of repetition in order to address questions not only about the effects of cochlear implantation on repetitive babbling, but also about the reason repetitive vocalizations occur at all and why they emerge around 7 or 8months of age in hearing infants. Participants were 16 infants with profound hearing loss and 27 hearing infants who participated at a mean age of 9.9months and/or a mean age of 17.7months. Mean age at cochlear implantation for infants with profound hearing loss was 12.9months, and mean duration of implant use was 4.2months. The data show that before cochlear implantation, repetitive vocalizations were rare. However, 4months after cochlear implant activation, infants with hearing loss produced both repetitive vocalizations and repetitions per vocalization at levels commensurate with their hearing peers. The results support the hypothesis that repetition emerges as a means of vocal exploration during the time when hearing infants (and infants with cochlear implants) form auditory-motor representations and neural connections between cortical areas active in syllable production and syllable perception, during the transition from nonlinguistic to linguistic vocalization. PMID:25974171
El riesgo: desafortunadamente un nuevo campo de desempeńo profesional para la comunicación social / The Risk: Unfortunately a New Professional Performance Field for the Social Communication Studies
Scientific Electronic Library Online (English)
Full Text Available La comunicación estratégica como soporte para la gestión del riesgo evidencia su efectividad en los procesos que generan impacto en la sociedad, como los desastres naturales. Solo ahí se mide la eficacia de las acciones propuestas en los planes estratégicos para la gestión del riesgo y socializadas [...] gracias a la comunicación social. La apuesta sobre la comunicación se convierte en un elemento fundamental, en la medida en que logra facilitar el diálogo de todos los actores sociales, el manejo de conceptos técnicos y la apropiación del tema por medio de estrategias comunicativas que generan conciencia en la población más vulnerable. La comunicación estratégica soportada desde otros conceptos del campo comunicacional trasciende sobre la simple herramienta, para convertirse en un proceso base, consciente, proyectivo, direccionado, metodológico e innovador. Abstract in english As a support for risk management, strategic communication makes evident its effectiveness on the processes that have great impact on societies, such as natural disasters. Unfortunately, only in those moments the real scope of effectiveness of the actions proposed in the strategic plans for Risk Mana [...] gement, and socialized via social communication, is truly measured. The commitment to communication becomes an essential element as it promotes the dialogue between all the social actors. It also promotes the command of technical concepts and the apprehension of topics related to the issue, through communicative strategies that generate consciousness on vulnerable population. In addition, it helps to the implementation of the real concept of sustained local development, as an unavoidable factor to think about disaster risk prevention.
Otitis Media, the Quality of Child Care, and the Social/Communicative Behavior of Toddlers: A Replication and Extension
Vernon-Feagans, Lynne; Manlove, Elizabeth E.
The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of otitis media (OM) and the quality of child care on the social and communicative behaviors of toddlers, using a cumulative risk framework that included moderation. The study followed 72 children who began child care in infancy. Both process and structural aspects of the quality of 11 child…
The Association between Therapeutic Horseback Riding and the Social Communication and Sensory Reactions of Children with Autism
Ward, Sandra C.; Whalon, Kelly; Rusnak, Katrina; Wendell, Kimberly; Paschall, Nancy
This study investigated the association between therapeutic riding (TR) and the social communication and sensory processing skills of 21 elementary students with autism attending TR as part of a school group. An interrupted treatment design was employed to determine whether children were able to maintain treatment effects following the removal of…
"Bill Is Now Singing": Joint Engagement and the Emergence of Social Communication of Three Young Children with Autism
Vaiouli, Potheini; Grimmet, Kharon; Ruich, Lawrence J.
Young children with autism spectrum disorder meet significant challenges in joint attention skills and in social communication. A child-centered, improvisational, music therapy intervention model was implemented to promote engagement in three young children with autism in a kindergarten classroom. A multiple baseline design compared the…
Promoting Turn-Taking Skills in Preschool Children with Disabilities: The Effects of a Peer-Based Social Communication Intervention
Stanton-Chapman, Tina L.; Snell, Martha E.
The current study evaluated the turn-taking skills of preschoolers with disabilities who participated in a social communication intervention that targeted initiations, responses, and turn-taking skills, and taught children to repair and revise and to avoid interruptions and overlaps. Ten children who enrolled in an inclusive at-risk classroom met…
Variability in Classroom Social Communication: Performance of Children with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders and Typically Developing Peers
Kjellmer, Liselotte; Olswang, Lesley B.
Purpose: In this study, the authors examined how variability in classroom social communication performance differed between children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) and pair-matched, typically developing peers. Method: Twelve pairs of children were observed in their classrooms, 40 min per day (20 min per child) for 4 days over a…
Study on risk communication by using web system for the social consensus toward HLW final disposal
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
The web site that has illustrated characters to navigate information pertaining to unfamiliar issue such as high-level radioactive waste geological disposal is an effective method. However, since the information was provided mainly from a pro-nuclear power generation group, it resulted in frustration for the web site user because viewpoints outside the group were not considered nor the explanations were based on only rational aspects, the persuasive explanation based on technical viewpoints in other words. To close this communication gap, this research aims to enhance a better sense of involvement and social collaboration by creating an interactive communication model promoting emotional acceptance and independent thinking with Web system. This purpose was accomplished by the dialog-mode explanation and the scenarios with norm activation theory supported by facial expressions of the illustrated navigators to stimulate the emotional involvement of viewers and the specialists' reliable response on the electrical bulletin board system, then we conducted preparatory experiments concerning its effects and assessed its affectiveness by making this model available over the Internet. (author)
Long-Term Effects of PECS on Social-Communicative Skills of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Follow-Up Study
Lerna, Anna; Esposito, Dalila; Conson, Massimiliano; Massagli, Angelo
Background: The Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS) is a popular augmentative communication system frequently used with "nonverbal" children with autism. Several studies suggested that PECS could represent an effective tool for promoting improvement of several social-communicative skills. Only sparse evidence is instead…
Chronic non-communicable diseases, risk and health promotion: social construction of VIGITEL participants.
Mássimo, Erika de Azevedo Leităo; de Souza, Hercília Najara Ferreira; Freitas, Maria Imaculada de Fátima
The dimension of choice and adherence to healthy lifestyles is in the area of social constructions made in representations of individuals and had not yet been included in the Surveillance of Risk and Protective Factors for Chronic Diseases by Telephone Survey (VIGITEL) analysis systems. This article aims to understand, in individual narratives, representations contained in the trajectories of people's lives selected from the 2010 VIGITEL sample, in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais. It is a qualitative study based on Social Representation Theory. Thirty in-depth and open interviews with subjects selected from the 2010 VIGITEL sample were conducted in Belo Horizonte in the State of Minas Gerais. The Structural Analysis of Narrative technique was used to reveal the content of speeches. Age and heredity representations related to NCDs are part of the spectrum of current scientific information. Learning from childhood onwards is the basis of care. The lack of comprehension of the pathophysiology of NCDs, and the depth of representations of illness and death related to communicable diseases, is partly responsible for the difficulty of preventing NCDs. PMID:25760109
Parents' Adoption of Social Communication Intervention Strategies: Families Including Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder Who are Minimally Verbal.
Shire, Stephanie Y; Goods, Kelly; Shih, Wendy; Distefano, Charlotte; Kaiser, Ann; Wright, Courtney; Mathy, Pamela; Landa, Rebecca; Kasari, Connie
Notably absent from the intervention literature are parent training programs targeting school-aged children with autism who have limited communication skills (Tager-Flusberg and Kasari in Autism Res 6:468-478, 2013). Sixty-one children with autism age 5-8 with minimal spontaneous communication received a 6-month social communication intervention including parent training. Parent-child play interactions were coded for parents' strategy implementation and children's time jointly engaged (Adamson et al. in J Autism Dev Disord 39:84-96, 2009). Parents mastered an average of 70 % of the strategies. Further analyses indicated some gains in implementation occurred from mere observation of sessions, while the greatest gains occurred in the first month of active coaching and workshops. Children's joint engagement was associated with parents' implementation success across time demonstrating parents' implementation was relevant to children's social engagement. PMID:25475363
Social Robotic Experience and Media Communication Practices: An Exploration on the Emotional and Ritualized Human-technology-relations
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Christine Linke
Full Text Available This article approaches the subject of social robots by focusing on the emotional relations people establish with media and information and communication technology (ICTs in their everyday life. It examines human-technology-relation from a social studies point of view, seeking to raise questions that enable us to make a connection between the research on human relationships and the topic of human-technology relation, especially human-humanoid-relation. In order to explore the human-technology-relations, theoretical ideas of a mediatization of communication and of a ritual interaction order are applied. Ritual theory is particularly used to enable a focus on emotion as a significant dimension in analyzing social technologies. This explorative article refers to empirical findings regarding media communication practices in close relationships. It argues that following the developed approach regarding mediatized and ritualized relational practices, useful insights for a conceptualization of the human-social robot relation can be achieved. The article concludes with remarks regarding the challenge of an empirical approach to human-social robot-relations.
The role of peer communication in the socialization of adolescents' pain experiences: a qualitative investigation
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Murray Michael
Full Text Available Abstract Background Recurrent pain is a common complaint among adolescents. Children learn to resolve or cope with pain largely through family dynamics, particularly maternal influences. By adolescence, young people possess an array of pain behaviors, the culmination of multiple opportunities for modeling and reinforcement of attitudes and beliefs about pain. Adolescence is a time of increased autonomy characterized by, among other complex factors, significant increases in peer influence. Although peers are influential in health-risk behavior, little is known how peers impact adolescents' pain experience. The present study explored the role of peers in adolescents' attitudes toward pain, pain behaviors and over-the-counter analgesics. Methods Sixty-minute focus groups were conducted with a sample 24 junior high school students from Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada (11 male: mean age = 13.45 years, range = 12–15 years; 13 female: mean age = 13.31 years, range = 12–15 years. Participants were randomly assigned to one of five same-gender focus groups designed to explore a wide breadth and depth of information. Sessions were run until theoretical data saturation. Textual data, from transcribed audiotapes, were analyzed with the constant comparative method. Results Peer influences were apparent in how adolescents communicate about pain and how those communications effect pain expression. Overt pain responses to injury were primarily contextual and depended on perceived threats to peer-time and pain severity. Adolescents were intolerant of peers' pain behaviors when the cause was perceived as not severe. These attitudes impacted how adolescents responded to their own pain; males were careful not to express embarrassing pain in front of peers, females felt no restrictions on pain talk or pain expression. Evidence for peer influence on attitudes toward OTC analgesics was apparent in perceptions of over-use and ease of access. Findings are discussed within the context of social information-processing and gender role expectations. Conclusion Little research has addressed how young people experience pain within the context of the psychosocial influences that dominate during adolescence. The findings provide some insight into the role of peer influences via verbal and non-verbal communication, in adolescents' pain experience. This exploratory study is a necessary first step in understanding the socialization of adolescents' pain experiences.
The Impact of Social Media-Focused Information & Communication Technologies on Business Performance via Mediating Mechanisms: An Exploratory Study on Communication and Advertising Agencies in Turkey
Fatih Gecti; Ikram Dastan
The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of social media-focused information & communicationtechnologies on business performance via some mediating variables. These mediating variables aremarketing-based outputs and costs. In this context, a survey was conducted on 152 communication &advertising agencies operating in Turkey that were selected through convenience sampling method. A researchmodel was developed and the proposed relationships were tested using structural eq...
SpaceOps 2012 Plus 2: Social Tools to Simplify ISS Flight Control Communications and Log Keeping
Cowart, Hugh S.; Scott, David W.
A paper written for the SpaceOps 2012 Conference (Simplify ISS Flight Control Communications and Log Keeping via Social Tools and Techniques) identified three innovative concepts for real time flight control communications tools based on social mechanisms: a) Console Log Tool (CoLT) - A log keeping application at Marshall Space Flight Center's (MSFC) Payload Operations Integration Center (POIC) that provides "anywhere" access, comment and notifications features similar to those found in Social Networking Systems (SNS), b) Cross-Log Communication via Social Techniques - A concept from Johnsson Space Center's (JSC) Mission Control Center Houston (MCC-H) that would use microblogging's @tag and #tag protocols to make information/requests visible and/or discoverable in logs owned by @Destination addressees, and c) Communications Dashboard (CommDash) - A MSFC concept for a Facebook-like interface to visually integrate and manage basic console log content, text chat streams analogous to voice loops, text chat streams dedicated to particular conversations, generic and position-specific status displays/streams, and a graphically based hailing display. CoLT was deployed operationally at nearly the same time as SpaceOps 2012, the Cross- Log Communications idea is currently waiting for a champion to carry it forward, and CommDash was approved as a NASA Iinformation Technoloby (IT) Labs project. This paper discusses lessons learned from two years of actual CoLT operations, updates CommDash prototype development status, and discusses potential for using Cross-Log Communications in both MCC-H and/or POIC environments, and considers other ways for synergizing console applcations.
Initial steps in extending crisis communication theory towards social media crisis dialogue: revisiting situational crisis communication framework
Laisi, Suvi
Research Summary The main focus of this research is on the study of stakeholders' naturally occurring reactions to corporate crisis and crisis communication. The literature review aimed to combine situational crisis communication framework (SCCT) with the strategic public relations management theory to establish an idea of strategic two-way crisis communication. The case study evidence is drawn from the Toyota USA Facebook site in relation to the Toyota recall crisis in 2009-2011 and studi...
Repetitive resonant railgun power supply
Honig, Emanuel M. (Los Alamos, NM); Nunnally, William C. (Los Alamos, NM)
A repetitive resonant railgun power supply provides energy for repetitively propelling projectiles from a pair of parallel rails. The supply comprises an energy storage capacitor, a storage inductor to form a resonant circuit with the energy storage capacitor and a magnetic switch to transfer energy between the resonant circuit and the pair of parallel rails for the propelling of projectiles.
Video Modeling and the Expression of Social Communication and Behavior Skills in Preschool and Elementary School Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders
Kutty, Seema
Recent times have seen an increasing prevalence and incidence of children with ASD in school settings. Social, cognitive, and language process deficits directly impact the ability of children with ASD to effectively functioning within the complex social setting of schools. In particular, deficits are noted in the areas of social communication and…
Effects of Peer Assisted Communication Application Training on the Communicative and Social Behaviors of Children with Autism
Strasberger, Sean
Non-verbal children with autism are candidates for augmentative and alternative communication (AAC). One type of AAC device is a voice output communication aid (VOCA). The primary drawbacks of past VOCAs were their expense and portability. Newer iPod-based VOCAs alleviate these concerns. This dissertation sought to extend the iPod-based VOCA…
Los estudios de Comunicación Social en el EEES y los desafíos profesionales emergentes / Social Communication in the EAHE and emerging professional challenges
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
María Dolores Meneses Fernández
Full Text Available Los títulos de Comunicación Social despejan una nueva consideración universitaria de un sector pujante que aúna las facetas económica y cultural: las industrias audiovisual, periodística y publicitaria. Este artículo revisa cómo la sociedad de la información, la comunicación y el conocimiento y el mercado laboral obligan a potenciar la formación universitaria en competencias demandadas por las industrias creativo-culturales. Estamos ante un nuevo encaje de la universidad con el mundo profesional y la sociedad. Un mundo global abierto por las tecnologías de la información y de la comunicación reaviva la competitividad basada en la formación altamente cualificada, apelando a la conciliación entre universidad y empresa que afrontan la readecuación de unas interrelaciones no siempre bien entendidas.The beginning of spanish degrees in Social Communication clears renewed consideration by university in a sector that combines economic and cultural facets: multimedia industries. This paper reviews how the information society and professional market requires renew elements for graduates in creative and cultural industries. The reasons to modernizing higher education are new professions at a Knowledge Society. University administrator and business world are facing an adaptation of relationship not always well understood. Social Communication is inserted in a global world opened by Information and Communication Technologies (ICT. This situation revives the competitiveness based on qualified professionals, and conciliation between companies and universities.
Neural Basis of Repetition Priming during Mathematical Cognition: Repetition Suppression or Repetition Enhancement?
Salimpoor, Valorie N.; Chang, Catie; Menon, Vinod
We investigated the neural basis of repetition priming (RP) during mathematical cognition. Previous studies of RP have focused on repetition suppression as the basis of behavioral facilitation, primarily using word and object identification and classification tasks. More recently, researchers have suggested associative stimulus-response learning…
Stereotyping of medical disability claimants' communication behaviour by physicians: towards more focused education for social insurance physicians
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Berkhof M
Full Text Available Abstract Background Physicians who hold medical disability assessment interviews (social insurance physicians are probably influenced by stereotypes of claimants, especially because they have limited time available and they have to make complicated decisions. Because little is known about the influences of stereotyping on assessment interviews, the objectives of this paper were to qualitatively investigate: (1 the content of stereotypes used to classify claimants with regard to the way in which they communicate; (2 the origins of such stereotypes; (3 the advantages and disadvantages of stereotyping in assessment interviews; and (4 how social insurance physicians minimise the undesirable influences of negative stereotyping. Methods Data were collected during three focus group meetings with social insurance physicians who hold medical disability assessment interviews with sick-listed employees (i.e. claimants. The participants also completed a questionnaire about demographic characteristics. The data were qualitatively analysed in Atlas.ti in four steps, according to the grounded theory and the principle of constant comparison. Results A total of 22 social insurance physicians participated. Based on their responses, a claimant's communication was classified with regard to the degree of respect and acceptance in the physician-claimant relationship, and the degree of dominance. Most of the social insurance physicians reported that they classify claimants in general groups, and use these classifications to adapt their own communication behaviour. Moreover, the social insurance physicians revealed that their stereotypes originate from information in the claimants' files and first impressions. The main advantages of stereotyping were that this provides a framework for the assessment interview, it can save time, and it is interesting to check whether the stereotype is correct. Disadvantages of stereotyping were that the stereotypes often prove incorrect, they do not give the complete picture, and the claimant's behaviour changes constantly. Social insurance physicians try to minimise the undesirable influences of stereotypes by being aware of counter transference, making formal assessments, staying neutral to the best of their ability, and being compassionate. Conclusions We concluded that social insurance physicians adapt their communication style to the degree of respect and dominance of claimants in the physician-claimant relationship, but they try to minimise the undesirable influences of stereotypes in assessment interviews. It is recommended that this issue should be addressed in communication skills training.
Nuclear Regulatory Organisations, the Internet and Social Media: The What, How and Why of Their Use as Communication Tools
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
'Social media' is a term referring to various activities that integrate technology, social interaction and content creation. Social media can also be thought of as a way of using technology to 'enable conversations' that take place outside of the constraints of time and location - people can access the information any time of the day or night, from anywhere. Social media builds on the communication advances - and advantages of the Internet - but has increasingly become a communication vehicle far surpassing its predecessor. It is fast, cheap to the consumer, easily available and part of the fabric of people's lives. Social media also magnifies information as it enables conversation that everyone can participate in. Videos 'go viral' and are seen by millions of people, tweets are re-tweeted again and again, and information is 'shared' to multiplicities of friends on Facebook. Public relations practitioners around the world have been paying attention to social media as an important communication tool. Research done in 2010 by the public relations firm Burston-Marsteller found that eight of 10 Fortune Global 100 companies used at least one of the most popular social media platforms i.e. Twitter, Facebook, YouTube or corporate blogging. In the United States, virtually all of the major federal agencies use at least some of the 'big four' platforms. Many, if not all, of the nuclear regulatory organisations (NROs) represented in the Working Group on Public Communication use at least some social media. At a minimum, they are monitoring social media as they are also monitoring traditional media. However, a post-Fukushima informal poll indicated many nations' nuclear regulators are looking at broadening their social media use, although some may not know how to proceed, and everyone can benefit from the 'lessons learned' by others. This report outlines the most popular social media tools available today, provides tips and techniques that have worked for nuclear regulators around the world, and when appropriate, provides case studies and links to help regulators create, maintain or improve their social media usage. It is important to note that social media moves very quickly, and many of the statistics provided by the NROs for initial versions of this report are now outdated. In addition, in some instances, NROs not cited in this report are now using social media platforms as new additions to their communication and outreach programs. It is also expected that new social media platforms will be presenting themselves as future options, and some platforms may fall out of favour over time. With that in mind, this report will be fully updated with new information, statistics and case studies in a few years. To make it easy to access online, and to enhance readability, the web sites cited throughout this report are embedded in the text rather than written out in their entirety. (authors)
General practice and the Internet revolution. Use of an Internet social network to communicate information on prevention in France.
Veuillotte, Isabelle; Morel, Gilles; Pitois, Stephane; Haler, Renaud; Mercier, Patricia; Aubry, Catherine; Cannet, Didier
The popularity of social networks and the huge number of exchanges have made them immensely important for the communication of information. This French study explored prevention in hereditary breast cancer using a social Internet network to communicate information. The principal objective was to inform French women aged from 20 to 50 years, using the social network Facebook, about the warning signs of breast cancer in cases of a predisposition to the disease due to a genetic mutation. The secondary objectives were to inform people about screening. An information page entitled "hereditary breast cancer: and if I was concerned?" was distributed in 3 different ways: from friend to friend, via groups of persons, and by targeted advertising. Four articles and 11 messages were distributed over 27 days. The total number of visits for this period amounted to 1019. A total of 81 percent of the Internauts were women and 55 percent of the visitors were aged between 25 and 44 years. Other information campaigns concerning public health issues could be conducted using this tool. A legal framework is necessary to preserve the quality of the medical information provided. This new means of communication, used for prevention purposes, will add to other frequently used methods of communication. PMID:25784641
Effects of a Family-Implemented Treatment on the Repetitive Behaviors of Children with Autism
Boyd, Brian A.; Mcdonough, Stephen G.; Rupp, Betty; Khan, Faraaz; Bodfish, James W.
The restricted and repetitive behaviors of children with autism can interfere with family functioning as well as learning and socialization opportunities for the child. To date, neither pharmacological nor comprehensive behavioral treatments have been found to be consistently effective at significantly reducing children's engagement in repetitive behaviors. We developed Family-Implemented Treatment for Behavioral Inflexibility (FITBI) to target the full variety of repetitive behaviors found...
La Comunicación en Redes Sociales: Percepciones y Usos de las Ong Espańolas / Social Network Communication: Perceptions and Uses for Spanish NGOs
Scientific Electronic Library Online (English)
Isidoro, Arroyo Almaraz; Antonio J, Baladrón Pazos; Rebeca, Martín Nieto.
Full Text Available El objetivo de esta investigación es conocer cuáles son las percepciones y usos que las ONG espańolas analizadas hacen de las redes sociales. Se realiza una investigación cuantitativa con cuestionarios y otra cualitativa con dos grupos focales para valorar los aspectos positivos y negativos que afec [...] tan al uso de las redes sociales. Se analiza el papel de estas en la planificación de la comunicación y se adelantan expectativas de futuro de mejora de la creatividad e innovación de los mensajes y de perfeccionamiento en la medición de eficacia de la comunicación en las redes sociales. Abstract in english The aim of the current investigation is to discover the perceptions and uses of Social Networks for Spanish NGOs. Two research lines have been stated, a quantitative one based on a poll, and another one qualitative and based on the pro/con valuation of two designed groups. The role of Social Network [...] s in the communication plan of the NGOs has been analyzed, foreseeing the possible upcoming needs. The scope of the reference analysis includes aspects of creativity and innovation in the message release, as well as the measure methodologies optimization within the Social Networking.
Oportunidades e implantación de las herramientas de la web social en la gestión comunicativa de las ONGD: Opportunities and implementation for communication managers / NGDOs and social web Tools
Scientific Electronic Library Online (English)
Hildegart, González-Luis.
Full Text Available El objeto de este artículo es doble. En primer lugar, se exponen las oportunidades que el nuevo paradigma comunicativo, generado por la irrupción de la web social, ofrece a las Organizaciones no Gubernamentales de Desarrollo para gestionar la relación que mantienen con sus grupos de interés cuando p [...] retenden informar, sensibilizar, educar para el desarrollo, captar recursos o presionar. Tras ello, se describe, analizando diversas variables, cuál es el estado actual de implantación de las herramientas de la web social en este sector en Espańa. Las conclusiones obtenidas en esta investigación provienen de un análisis de contenido cuantitativo de las web y de las herramientas de la web social de las 95 ONGD que componen la Coordinadora de ONGD de Espańa. Los datos obtenidos muestran que se ha producido un aumento en la activación de estas herramientas por parte de las ONGD, cuantifican la posibilidad de interactuar que les ofrecen con sus grupos de interés y apunta futuras líneas de investigación en este campo. Abstract in english The aim of this article is twofold. First, to highlight the new communication paradigm and opportunities generated for NGDOs by the emergence of social Web. Secondly, the paper will offer a description of the current status of the implementation of the social web tools in this field in Spain. The co [...] nclusions come from a quantitative content analysis of webs and social Web tools of the 95 NGDOs that make up the NGD Coordinator in Spain. These results are an open opportunity for a future research in the field of development communication.
The Influence of Asynchronous Video Communication on Learner Social Presence: A Narrative Analysis of Four Cases
Borup, Jered; West, Richard E.; Graham, Charles R.
Online courses are increasingly using asynchronous video communication. However, little is known about how asynchronous video communication influences students' communication patterns. This study presents four narratives of students with varying characteristics who engaged in asynchronous video communication. The extrovert valued the efficiency of…
Combining Social Media with Innovative Ways of Communicating about the James Webb Space Telescope
Masetti, Margaret
In keeping with the cutting-edge nature of the James Webb Space Telescope, NASA is using a variety of social and interactive media to engage the public. While we do have a regularly updated static website, we are now also using various interactives (like Flash games and a 3D Tour of the spacecraft) to better explain what the Webb telescope is and how it works. To encourage future generations, we are a partner in an educational engineering design challenge which makes use of a virtual Second Life-like world. Additionally, the public can now watch Webb come together before their eyes by accessing our live webcam, which shows telescope hardware being built in our cleanroom. We are working to make Webb as much of a part of pop culture as the Hubble Space Telescope is. We facilitated the filming of a "Late Night with Jimmy Fallon" segment (called "Hubble Gotchu") featuring Webb and Webb scientists at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center. A visit to the highly rated sitcom "The Big Bang Theory" resulted in Webb lithos, magnets, posters, a scale model, and more being regularly featured on the set of the show. The most important aspect to creating interesting ways to engage the public is having the ability to communicate and form relationships with as many people as possible. To that end, we are using tools like blogs (e.g., NASA Blueshift) and popular social media (Facebook, Twitter, YouTube, and Flickr) to reach out to as many people as we can and to enable them to share and spread the content we provide.
Patient-Physician Social Concordance, Medical Visit Communication and Patients' Perceptions of Health Care Quality
Johnson Thornton, Rachel L.; Powe, Neil R; Roter, Debra; COOPER, LISA A
Social characteristics (e.g. race, gender, age, education) are associated with health care disparities. We introduce social concordance, a composite measure of shared social characteristics between patients and physicians.
Social marketing communication in a multicultural environment: Practical issues and theoretical contributions from cross-cultural marketing
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Gary Noble.
Full Text Available Social marketing communication (social marcom campaign production can be more challenging when the audience includes individuals from 'culturally and linguistically diverse' (CALD communities. Additional issues such as culturally related values, practices, and attitudes need consideration. Normally, social marcoms campaigns for CALD audiences involve directly translating mainstream campaign material into various ethnic groups' languages. However, little is understood about the issues beyond translation that confront practitioners adapting mainstream campaigns.This article presents a case study analysis of work undertaken by the New South Wales Multicultural Health Communication Service (MHCS. The Service's core activity is adaptation of social marcoms campaigns for use with CALD audiences. Data for the case was collected from staff, MHCS clients, and members of target audiences. Four key issues emerge as significant in the process of adapting social marcoms campaigns at MHCS. These are: segmenting and identifying the target audience; adapting message content; source credibility; and integrating the adapted campaign with its mainstream counterpart.To provide theoretical insights and strategies to address these issues this article draws on cross-cultural marketing theory. For example, the theory of acculturation is used to provide an alternative to current segmentation practices. In the same vein, theories associated with the application of cultural typologies are used to explain why the practice of adaptation is not always successful. The article concludes by considering the implications of this study for further research.
Autistic traits and autism spectrum disorders : the clinical validity of two measures presuming a continuum of social communication skills
Bölte, Sven; Westerwald, Eva; Holtmann, Martin; Freitag, Christine M.; Poustka, Fritz
Research indicates that autism is the extreme end of a continuously distributed trait. The Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS) and the Social and Communication Disorders Checklist (SCDC) aim to assess autistic traits. The objective of this study was to compare their clinical validity. The SRS showed sensitivities of .74 to .80 and specificities of .69 to 1.00 for autism. Sensitivities were .85 to .90 and specificities .28 to.82 for the SCDC. Correlations with the ADI-R, ADOS and SCQ were higher...
[Autism spectrum disorders--recent advances in the research on the impairment in social communication].
Kato, Nobumasa; Yamasue, Hidenori; Watanabe, Keiichiro; Jinde, Seiichiro; Sadamatsu, Miyuki
Since the discovery of early infantile autism (1943), the etiology of the disease has for long been a matter of dispute-from a form of innate schizophrenia, maltreatment by 'refrigerator mother', to dysfunction of speech development. After the re-discovery of Asperger syndrome by Wing (1981), the concept of this diverse syndrome complex has merged to pervasive developmental disorders (PDD) or autism spectrum disorders (ASD). People suffering from Asperger syndrome do not show impairments in speech development, in fact, they have good linguistic abilities. They can explain their own psychopathology, which helps in the understanding of classical autism with profound mental retardation. Currently, ASD is prevalent in 1 of 150 births with strong genetic inheritance. ASD is therefore thought a psychiatric common disease. Asperger syndrome has frequently been the subject of neuroimaging studies,since social communication is an important characteristic of human behavior. This review encompasses a historical and clinical overview of ASD and puts force the current perspectives on the researches in animal models,genetic studies of animal and human samples,and neuroimaging studies. Our current focus is the possible role of oxytocin,which was recently found to have an effect on empathy,in the etiology of ASD. PMID:20844308
Autism spectrum disorders. Recent advances in the research on the impairment in social communication
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Since the discovery of early infantile autism (1943), the etiology of the disease has for long been a matter of dispute-from a form of innate schizophrenia, maltreatment by 'refrigerator mother', to dysfunction of speech development. After the re-discovery of Asperger syndrome by Wing (1981), the concept of this diverse syndrome complex has merged to pervasive developmental disorders (PDD) or autism spectrum disorders (ASD). People suffering from Asperger syndrome do not show impairments in speech development, in fact, they have good linguistic abilities. They can explain their own psychopathology, which helps in the understanding of classical autism with profound mental retardation. Currently, ASD is prevalent in 1 of 150 births with strong genetic inheritance. ASD is therefore thought a psychiatric common disease. Asperger syndrome has frequently been the subject of neuroimaging studies, since social communication is an important characteristic of human behavior. This review encompasses a historical and clinical overview of ASD and puts force the current perspectives on the researches in animal models, genetic studies of animal and human samples, and neuroimaging studies. Our current focus is the possible role of oxytocin, which was recently found to have an effect on empathy, in the etiology of ASD. (author)
Feeling addressed! The role of body orientation and co-speech gesture in social communication.
Nagels, Arne; Kircher, Tilo; Steines, Miriam; Straube, Benjamin
During face-to-face communication, body orientation and coverbal gestures influence how information is conveyed. The neural pathways underpinning the comprehension of such nonverbal social cues in everyday interaction are to some part still unknown. During fMRI data acquisition, 37 participants were presented with video clips showing an actor speaking short sentences. The actor produced speech-associated iconic gestures (IC) or no gestures (NG) while he was visible either from an egocentric (ego) or from an allocentric (allo) position. Participants were asked to indicate via button press whether they felt addressed or not. We found a significant interaction of body orientation and gesture in addressment evaluations, indicating that participants evaluated IC-ego conditions as most addressing. The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and left fusiform gyrus were stronger activated for egocentric versus allocentric actor position in gesture context. Activation increase in the ACC for IC-ego>IC-allo further correlated positively with increased addressment ratings in the egocentric gesture condition. Gesture-related activation increase in the supplementary motor area, left inferior frontal gyrus and right insula correlated positively with gesture-related increase of addressment evaluations in the egocentric context. Results indicate that gesture use and body-orientation contribute to the feeling of being addressed and together influence neural processing in brain regions involved in motor simulation, empathy and mentalizing. Hum Brain Mapp 36:1925-1936, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. PMID:25640962
The effects of inquiry-based science on the social and communicative skills of students with low-incidence disabilities
D'Angelo, Heather Hopkins
This research utilized inquiry based science as a vehicle to implement and maintain social skills training for secondary students, ages 14 to 20, with low-incidence disabilities in a self-contained classroom. This three year action research study examined the effects of an inquiry based science curriculum on the level and quantity of social skills used by students with one or more of the following challenges: significant learning disability (functioning more than two grade levels below grade level), emotional/social disability, mental retardation, Autism, and/or varying degrees of brain damage. Through the use of video recording, the students in the study were analyzed based on the level of social interaction and the amount of socialization that took place during inquiry based science. The skills sought were based on the social and communication skills earmarked in the students' weekly social skills training class and their Individualized Education Plans (IEP). Based on previous research in social skills training it has been determined that where social skills training is lacking are in the areas of transfer and maintenance of skills. Due to the natural social behavior that must take place in inquiry based science this group of students were found to exhibit gains in (1) quantity of social interactions on topic; (2) developing higher levels of social interactions (sharing, taking other's suggestions, listening and responding appropriately, etc.); and (3) maintenance of social skills taught outside of formal social skills training. These gains were seen overall in the amount of student involvement during inquiry based science verses teacher involvement. Such increases are depicted through students' verbal exchanges, excerpts from field notes, and student reflections. The findings of this research is expected to guide special educators, administrators and directors of curriculum as to how to better create curriculum for this specific population where social skills training is utilized and maintained in all aspects of the academic day, thus helping this population of student achieve more independence and appropriate interactions in their live as citizens of society.
Chronic occupational repetitive strain injury.
Stanish WD; Forsythe ME; O'Neil BA
OBJECTIVE: To review common repetitive strain injuries (RSIs) that occur in the workplace, emphasizing diagnosis, treatment, and etiology of these conditions. QUALITY OF EVIDENCE: A MEDLINE search from January 1966 to June 1999 focused on articles published since 1990 because RSIs are relatively new diagnoses. MeSH headings that were explored using the thesaurus included "cumulative trauma disorder," "overuse injury," and "repetitive strain injury." The search was limited to English articles ...
A Role for Ultrasonic Vocalisation in Social Communication and Divergence of Natural Populations of the House Mouse (Mus musculus domesticus)
von Merten, Sophie; Hoier, Svenja; Pfeifle, Christine; Tautz, Diethard
It has long been known that rodents emit signals in the ultrasonic range, but their role in social communication and mating is still under active exploration. While inbred strains of house mice have emerged as a favourite model to study ultrasonic vocalisation (USV) patterns, studies in wild animals and natural situations are still rare. We focus here on two wild derived mouse populations. We recorded them in dyadic encounters for extended periods of time to assess possible roles of USVs and ...
Place Existing Online Business Communication Classes into the International Context: Social Presence from Potential Learners' Perspectives
Wang, Junhua; Wang, Hua
Recent scholarship on global online courses points to the need to examine the issue of social context in an online global learning environment. To explore global learners' cultural perspectives on the social climate of an online class, we first review the social presence theory--which can be used to examine the social climate in an online…
Social Media in School Emergency Management: Using New Media Technology to Improve Emergency Management Communications
Stephens, Kim
Social Media is the use of social networking sites, messaging sites, texting, and other web-based or mobile technologies to support social interaction. Facebook is by far the most widely used social networking site. Twitter is by far the most widely used messaging site. The goals of this presentation are: (1) To provide an understanding of the…
Nuevos modelos de comunicación, perfiles y tendencias en las redes sociales New Models of Communication, Profiles and Trends in Social Networks
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Jesús Miguel Flores Vivar
Full Text Available Las redes sociales en línea se han convertido en el estandarte de la Web 2.0, entorno que también aglutina a los blogs, wikis y chats. Existe una fina división entre una red social, un blog y un wiki. Hablar de redes sociales es referirnos al siguiente estadio de Internet, como en su momento fueron los blogs. Se han constituido en un fenómeno de masas cada vez más importante tanto así que ya algunas están integrando plataformas de blogs y wikis en una sola interfaz. Pero, żqué nuevas formas de comunicación y de negocio subyacen en las redes?, żqué perfiles profesionales se necesitan para esta nueva audiencia?, żdeben los medios crear redes o adaptarse a los nuevos entornos de donde emerge un nuevo periodismo basado en la participación? El presente artículo intenta responder a estas y otras variables. Social networks have become the banner of Web 2.0, which also hosts blogs, wikis and chats. There is a slight dividing line between a social network, a blog and a wiki. Talking about social networks means referring to the next stage of the Internet, as talking about blogs once did. Internet social networks have become an increasingly important phenomenon because some platforms are integrating blogs and wikis on a single interface. But we could ask what new types of communication and business lie beneath these networks; what professional profiles are needed for this new audience. Should media create the networks, or just adapt to the new environments, whence a new journalism based on participation emerges? This paper tries to answer these and other questions.
Scientists as communicators: A randomized experiment to assess public reactions to scientists' social media communication along the science-advocacy continuum
Kotcher, J.; Vraga, E.; Myers, T.; Stenhouse, N.; Roser-Renouf, C.; Maibach, E.
The question of what type of role scientists, or experts more generally, should play in policy debates is a perennial point of discussion within the scientific community. It is often thought that communication containing some form of policy advocacy is likely to compromise the perceived credibility of the individual scientist engaged in such behavior, with the possibility that it may also harm the credibility of the scientific community more broadly. Rather than evaluating statements in a binary fashion as representing either pure objectivity or pure advocacy, one recent model proposes that public communication by scientists should instead be thought of as falling along a continuum based upon the extent of normative judgment implicit in a statement. This approach predicts that as the extent of normative judgment increases, it poses a relatively greater risk to a scientist's perceived credibility. Though such a model is conceptually useful, little empirical social science research has systematically explored how individuals form judgments about different types of advocacy to examine common assumptions about the relative risks associated with such behaviors. In this presentation, we will report results from a national online experiment (N=1200) that examines audience responses to fictional social media posts written by either a climate scientist or a television weathercaster. Following the above model, the posts represent differing degrees of advocacy defined by the extent of normative judgment implicit in each statement. In instances where a specific policy is advocated, we examine whether participants' reactions are shaped by the extent to which the policy mentioned is congruent with one's political ideology. We hope this study will serve as an exemplar of applied science communication research that can begin to help inform scientists and other experts about the potential implications of different communication options they may choose from in deciding how to engage with policy.
Análisis de la planeación estratégica de la comunicación en cuatro proyectos de intervención social en Montería / Analysis of Communication Strategic Planning in four Social Intervention Projects in Montería
Scientific Electronic Library Online (English)
Ana Lorena, Malluk Marenco.
Full Text Available El artículo plantea los desafíos que enfrentan los profesionales, las organizaciones gestoras de iniciativas sociales y los beneficiarios, en torno al proceso de planeación de la comunicación de los proyectos de intervención social llevados a cabo en la ciudad de Montería. Se analizaron cuatro progr [...] amas de comunicación estratégica de los proyectos Reciclando Ando, Plan Departamental de Aguas, Implementación de Parcelas Productivas y Desarrollo Sostenible de las Artesanías de Córdoba, desarrollados por las organizaciones Servigenerales/UPB, Gobernación Córdoba, Fundación Santa Isabel y la Corporación de los Valles del Sinú y San Jorge, respectivamente. Se realizó un análisis individual de cada caso, que incluyó diferentes estrategias de contacto con la realidad objeto de estudio, como el análisis documental, la entrevista, el grupo focal y la observación participante, lo que permitió metodológicamente alimentar la documentación teórica, la interpretación de evidencias y la interacción del investigador con los actores y sus realidades. Los resultados evidenciaron que estas instituciones relegan la comunicación a un uso instrumental; no la emplean de forma estratégica (sistemática, organizada, probada, integradora y articulada al proceso de planeación de los proyectos de intervención social) y no incluyen mecanismos de integración y participación activa de los grupos de interés involucrados con estas iniciativas. Abstract in english This article refers to the challenge faced by professionals, organizations interested in social initiatives and beneficiaries around social intervention projects communication planning process carried out in Monteria city. Four programs of project strategic communication were analyzed: ''We are Recy [...] cling, State Water Plans, Implementation of Productive Areas, and sustainable Development of Cordoba handcrafts, developed by the following organizations: Servigenerales/UPB, Gobernación Córdoba, Fundación Santa Isabel, and Corporación de los Valles del Sinú and San Jorge, respectively. An individual analysis of each case was carried out. It included different contact strategies with the study object such as documental analysis, the interview, focal group, and participant observation which allowed feeding -methodologically- theoretical documentation, interpretation of evidences, and the interaction of the researcher with agents and their realities. Results showed that these institutions give communication am instrumental use, they do not use it in a strategic way (systematic, organized, proved, integrating, and articulated to the planning process of social intervention projects) and doe not include integration and active participation mechanisms of interest groups involved in these initiatives.
Culture, Communication, and Competence: A Commentary on Variables Affecting Social and Academic Behavior
Horner, Rob
The editors of this special issue have recruited six papers focused on the ways that language and communication interact with culture to influence student behavior. Two themes that emerge from these papers are the fundamental role of communication in learning and living, and the impact of culture on the functions of communication. The present…
Fiction as a Medium of Social Communication in 19th Century France
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Sabina Pstrocki-Sehovic
Full Text Available Normal 0 false false false EN-GB X-NONE AR-SA This article will present the extent to which literature could be viewed as means of social communication – i.e. informing and influencing society – in 19thcentury France, by analysing the appearance of three authors at different points: the beginning, the middle and the end of the century. The first is the case of Balzac at the beginning of the 19th Century who becomes the most successful novelist of the century in France and who, in his prolific expression and rich vocabulary, portrays society from various angles in a huge opus of almost 100 works, 93 of them making his Comédie humaine. The second is the case of Gustave Flaubert whose famous novel Madame Bovary, which depicts a female character in a realist but also in a psychologically conscious manner, around the mid-19th century reaches French courts together with Les Fleurs du Mal by Charles Baudelaire and is exposed as being socially judged for its alleged immorality. The last is the political affair of Dreyfus and its defender Emile Zola, the father of naturalism. This case confirms the establishment of more intense relations between writer and politics and builds a solid way for a more conscious and everyday political engagement in the literary world from the end of the 19th century onwards. These three are the most important cases which illustrate how fiction functioned in relation to society, state and readership in 19th century France. /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin-top:0cm; mso-para-margin-right:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt; mso-para-margin-left:0cm; line-height:115%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi; mso-fareast-language:EN-US;}
Social Communication Disorder outside Autism? A Diagnostic Classification Approach to Delineating Pragmatic Language Impairment, High Functioning Autism and Specific Language Impairment
Gibson, Jenny; Adams, Catherine; Lockton, Elaine; Green, Jonathan
Background: Developmental disorders of language and communication present considerable diagnostic challenges due to overlapping of symptomatology and uncertain aetiology. We aimed to further elucidate the behavioural and linguistic profile associated with impairments of social communication occurring outside of an autism diagnosis. Methods: Six to…
Chronic occupational repetitive strain injury.
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Stanish WD
Full Text Available OBJECTIVE: To review common repetitive strain injuries (RSIs that occur in the workplace, emphasizing diagnosis, treatment, and etiology of these conditions. QUALITY OF EVIDENCE: A MEDLINE search from January 1966 to June 1999 focused on articles published since 1990 because RSIs are relatively new diagnoses. MeSH headings that were explored using the thesaurus included "cumulative trauma disorder," "overuse injury," and "repetitive strain injury." The search was limited to English articles only, and preference was given to randomized controlled trials. MAIN MESSAGE: Repetitive strain injuries result from repeated stress to the body's soft tissue structures including muscles, tendons, and nerves. They often occur in patients who perform repetitive movements either in their jobs or in extracurricular activities. Common RSIs include tendon-related disorders, such as rotator cuff tendonitis, and peripheral nerve entrapment disorders, such as carpal tunnel syndrome. A careful history and physical examination often lead to the diagnosis, but newer imaging techniques, such as magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasound, can help in refractory cases. Conservative management with medication, physiotherapy, or bracing is the mainstay of treatment. Surgery is reserved for cases that do not respond to treatment. CONCLUSION: Repetitive strain injury is common; primary care physicians must establish a diagnosis and, more importantly, its relationship to occupation. Treatment can be offered by family physicians who refer to specialists for cases refractory to conservative management.
Flexible high-repetition-rate ultrafast fiber laser.
Mao, Dong; Liu, Xueming; Sun, Zhipei; Lu, Hua; Han, Dongdong; Wang, Guoxi; Wang, Fengqiu
High-repetition-rate pulses have widespread applications in the fields of fiber communications, frequency comb, and optical sensing. Here, we have demonstrated high-repetition-rate ultrashort pulses in an all-fiber laser by exploiting an intracavity Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) as a comb filter. The repetition rate of the laser can be tuned flexibly from about 7 to 1100 GHz by controlling the optical path difference between the two arms of the MZI. The pulse duration can be reduced continuously from about 10.1 to 0.55 ps with the spectral width tunable from about 0.35 to 5.7 nm by manipulating the intracavity polarization controller. Numerical simulations well confirm the experimental observations and show that filter-driven four-wave mixing effect, induced by the MZI, is the main mechanism that governs the formation of the high-repetition-rate pulses. This all-fiber-based laser is a simple and low-cost source for various applications where high-repetition-rate pulses are necessary. PMID:24226153
Cacophony or Empowerment? Analysing the Impact of New Information Communication Technologies and New Social Media in Southeast Asia
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Jason P. Abbott
Full Text Available The capabilities, tools and websites we associate with new information communication technologies and social media are now ubiquitous. Moreover tools that were designed to facilitate innocuous conversation and social interaction have had unforeseen political impacts. Nowhere was this more visible than during the 2011 uprisings across the Arab World. From Tunis to Cairo, and Tripoli to Damascus protest movements against authoritarian rule openly utilized social networking and file sharing tools to publicize and organize demonstrations and to catalogue human rights abuses. The Arab Spring, or Jasmine Revolution, was an event that was both witnessed and played out in real time online. This article explores the impacts and effects of these technologies on regimes in East Asia, in particular exploring the extent to which they proffer new capabilities upon activists and reformers in the region's semi-democratic and authoritarian regimes. Drawing on data on Internet and smartphone use, as well as case studies that explore the role of these technologies on the 2008 and 2011 general elections in Malaysia and Singapore respectively, this article suggests that the Internet and social networking platforms do present unique opportunities for activists, citizens and social movements.
Effects of social environment and personality on communication in male Siamese fighting fish in an artificial network
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Matessi, Giuliano; Matos, Ricardo Jorge Santa Clara
Individuals of the same species, sex, age and size may differ in suites of behaviour traits in a consistent manner across time and may thus represent different personalities. In a communication context, the personality of an individual may both affect and be affected by the behaviour of the individuals surrounding it within a network. We investigated the effects of a change of local social environment on two behavioural types, 'persistent' versus 'sporadic' signaller, in Siamese fighting fish, Betta splendens. Males visually interacted for 1 day in a communication network of seven fish in tanks arranged in a hexagonal grid, while we recorded space use and signalling data. We then exchanged the positions of two males with different behavioural types and observed them interacting the following day. 'Persistent' signallers were unaffected by the treatment, while 'sporadic' signallers increased the time spent in the inner front part of their tank, from which they could observe but not interact with the neighbours. Social instability (i.e. number of changed neighbours) raised the signalling levels of individuals independently of their behavioural types. We discuss the relationship between information gathering in a communication network and network composition in terms of behavioural types of its members.
Análisis métrico de la producción científica en comunicación social en Cuba Metric analysis of the scientific production in social communication in Cuba
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Yelina Piedra Salomón
Full Text Available Se analiza métricamente la producción científica sobre comunicación social generada en Cuba entre los ańos 1994 y 2004, a partir de las tesis de diploma y de grado, así como de los informes de investigación realizados y atesorados en las instituciones de la educación superior cubanas relacionadas con este campo. Se estudia el comportamiento temático, la fecha de producción de los documentos, el lugar de realización, los enfoques con los que se realizaron y los ámbitos de la comunicación estudiados, entre otros aspectos de interés, que posibilitan un acercamiento más riguroso a esta área del conocimiento en el país, así como sus tendencias principalesThe scientific production in social communication generated in Cuba between 1994 and 2004 is metrically analyzed, based on diploma and degree research papers, as well as on the investigation reports carried out and accumulated in the institutions of the Cuban Superior Education System related to this field. The thematic behavior, the date of production of the documents, the place of execution, the foci with which they were carried out and the environments of the communication studied are analyzed among others aspects of interest, that enable a more rigorous approach to this area of knowledge in the country, as well as its main tendencies
Análisis métrico de la producción científica en comunicación social en Cuba / Metric analysis of the scientific production in social communication in Cuba
Scientific Electronic Library Online (English)
Yelina, Piedra Salomón; Laura, Benítez Arenas; Hilda, Saladrigas Medina; Ailín, Martínez Rodríguez.
Full Text Available Se analiza métricamente la producción científica sobre comunicación social generada en Cuba entre los ańos 1994 y 2004, a partir de las tesis de diploma y de grado, así como de los informes de investigación realizados y atesorados en las instituciones de la educación superior cubanas relacionadas co [...] n este campo. Se estudia el comportamiento temático, la fecha de producción de los documentos, el lugar de realización, los enfoques con los que se realizaron y los ámbitos de la comunicación estudiados, entre otros aspectos de interés, que posibilitan un acercamiento más riguroso a esta área del conocimiento en el país, así como sus tendencias principales Abstract in english The scientific production in social communication generated in Cuba between 1994 and 2004 is metrically analyzed, based on diploma and degree research papers, as well as on the investigation reports carried out and accumulated in the institutions of the Cuban Superior Education System related to thi [...] s field. The thematic behavior, the date of production of the documents, the place of execution, the foci with which they were carried out and the environments of the communication studied are analyzed among others aspects of interest, that enable a more rigorous approach to this area of knowledge in the country, as well as its main tendencies
Apocalypse... Now? Molecular epidemiology, predictive genetic tests, and social communication of genetic contents / Apocalipse... Agora? Epidemiologia molecular, testagens gęnicas preditivas, comunicaçăo social de conteúdos genéticos
Scientific Electronic Library Online (English)
Luis David, Castiel.
Full Text Available Abordam-se aspectos teóricos subjacentes ŕ construçăo da vertente molecular da epidemiologia e do conceito de risco genético, tendo como referęncia as questőes postas pela atualidade: novas tecnologias, globalizaçăo, proliferaçăo de estratégias comunicacionais, diluiçăo de matrizes identitárias. Săo [...] discutidos problemas relacionados ŕ constituiçăo de novos campos interdisciplinares, tais como os da epidemiologia e da genética moleculares. Ao final, desenvolve-se uma análise das repercussőes na comunicaçăo social de conteúdos genéticos, especialmente referidos a testagens genéticas preditivas e ŕ clonagem de animais, a partir de metáforas triunfalistas, deterministas e sustentadoras de crenças relativas ŕ existęncia e supremacia de conceitos como pureza, essęncia e unificaçăo de eus/egos racionais e integrados. Abstract in english The author analyzes the underlying theoretical aspects in the construction of the molecular watershed of epidemiology and the concept of genetic risk, focusing on issues raised by contemporary reality: new technologies, globalization, proliferation of communications strategies, and the dilution of i [...] dentity matrices. He discusses problems pertaining to the establishment of such new interdisciplinary fields as molecular epidemiology and molecular genetics. Finally, he analyzes the repercussions of the social communication of genetic content, especially as related to predictive genetic tests and cloning of animals, based on triumphal, deterministic metaphors sustaining beliefs relating to the existence and supremacy of concepts such as 'purity', 'essence', and 'unification' of rational, integrated 'I's/egos'.
Internet como marco de comunicación e interacción social The Internet as a framework for communication and social interaction
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Félix Moral Toranzo
Full Text Available En este trabajo se estudian las interacciones sociales en Internet, a partir de las respuestas de un cuestionario on-line. Se analizan las características sociodemográficas, los hábitos y las relaciones de estos usuarios en la Red. Internet se manifiesta como un espacio de interacción social, en el que las relaciones personales han tenido lugar en una gran mayoría de usuarios. Estas relaciones se muestran, en algunos aspectos, de forma diferente a las que tienen lugar cara a cara. Asimismo, las motivaciones y las consecuencias de mantener relaciones personales reflejan resultados diferentes con relación al sexo y al estado civil de los internautas. This article addresses social interaction on the Internet using an online questionnaire. The sociodemographic characteristics are analysed as well as the web users habits and relationships. The Internet is a social interactive place where personal relationships among users develop into important aspects of their lives. These relationships develop in different ways to relationships where people meet face to face. Also, motivation and the consequences of maintaining a personal relationships reflect, different results when comparing the web users gender and marital status.
Effects of Systematic Social Skill Training on the Social-Communication Behaviors of Young Children with Autism during Play Activities
Maddox, Laura L.
A systematic social skills training intervention to teach reciprocal sharing was designed and implemented with triads of preschool-age children, including one child with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and two untrained classroom peers who had no delays or disabilities. A multiple-baseline research design was used to evaluate effects of the…
Electronic and face-to-face communication in maintaining social relationships
Tillema, T.; Dijst, M. J.; Schwanen, T.
Although the spectacular spread of wired and wireless communication technologies such as the Internet and mobile phone have been discussed extensively in the academic literature, knowledge of the interactions among face-to-face (F2F) and electronic communication modes and their implications for travel behavior is rather limited. The same is true for knowledge about factors influencing the choice for these types of communication. Using survey data collected among 662 respondents...
Modelo de comunicación desde una perspectiva social, orientado a la actividad física / Design of a communicative model from a social perspective oriented to the physical activity case
Scientific Electronic Library Online (English)
Adriana, Prieto-Rodríguez; Marisol, Moreno- Angarita; Yency S, Cardozo-Vásquez.
Full Text Available Objetivo Se diseńó y aplicó un modelo de comunicación, en el contexto de una Red aplicada a tres regiones de Colombia, Bogotá, Antioquia y Quindío, basado en el enfoque macrointencional, dirigido a afianzar la comprensión del tema de actividad física en los actores relacionados con el tema desde una [...] interpretación multidimensional. Métodos Se definieron poblaciones objetivo y se conformaron equipos de trabajo durante un proceso de tres meses, basados en tres estrategias: producción social, transmisión y democratización. Resultados Se desarrollaron mensajes basados en la construcción de los productores sociales; se ampliaron los conceptos iniciales relacionados con cuerpo, autocuidado, actividad física y salud. Conclusiones Los modelos de comunicación en salud, que se orientan al desarrollo de habilidades personales en relación con la capacidad de comunicar y construir sentidos compartidos, permiten apropiación y recordación de mensajes en salud. El modelo es una estrategia de comunicación que afianza la construcción compartida de mensajes en salud. Este enfoque exige el desarrollo de acciones locales y el fomento de la capacidad organizacional comunitaria. Abstract in english Objective A communication model was designed and put into practice, in the form of a Network throughout three regions in Colombia; Bogotá, Antioquia and Quindío. Based on a macro-intentional model, this network was aimed at strengthening understanding around the subject of physical activity among th [...] ose people affected by the issue, from a multidimensional perspective. Methods The test population was defined and working groups were formed around three strategies: social production, transmission and democratization, during a three-month period. Results Messages were developed based around the ideas of the community producers themselves; the initial concepts were widened to include the body, self care, physical activity and health. Conclusions Communication models related to health, aimed at developing personal skills including the ability to communicate and build shared experience, can be assimilated and incorporated into broadcasts on health issues. This model serves as a communication strategy which strengthens the building of shared broadcasts on health issues. This kind of focus requires the development of local activity and capacity-building within the community.
Modelo de Comunicación desde una Perspectiva Social, orientado a la Actividad Física Design of a communicative model from a social perspective oriented to the physical activity case
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Adriana Prieto-Rodríguez
Full Text Available Objetivo Se diseńó y aplicó un modelo de comunicación, en el contexto de una Red aplicada a tres regiones de Colombia, Bogotá, Antioquia y Quindío, basado en el enfoque macrointencional, dirigido a afianzar la comprensión del tema de actividad física en los actores relacionados con el tema desde una interpretación multidimensional. Métodos Se definieron poblaciones objetivo y se conformaron equipos de trabajo durante un proceso de tres meses, basados en tres estrategias: producción social, transmisión y democratización. Resultados Se desarrollaron mensajes basados en la construcción de los productores sociales; se ampliaron los conceptos iniciales relacionados con cuerpo, autocuidado, actividad física y salud. Conclusiones Los modelos de comunicación en salud, que se orientan al desarrollo de habilidades personales en relación con la capacidad de comunicar y construir sentidos compartidos, permiten apropiación y recordación de mensajes en salud. El modelo es una estrategia de comunicación que afianza la construcción compartida de mensajes en salud. Este enfoque exige el desarrollo de acciones locales y el fomento de la capacidad organizacional comunitaria.Objective A communication model was designed and put into practice, in the form of a Network throughout three regions in Colombia; Bogotá, Antioquia and Quindío. Based on a macro-intentional model, this network was aimed at strengthening understanding around the subject of physical activity among those people affected by the issue, from a multidimensional perspective. Methods The test population was defined and working groups were formed around three strategies: social production, transmission and democratization, during a three-month period. Results Messages were developed based around the ideas of the community producers themselves; the initial concepts were widened to include the body, self care, physical activity and health. Conclusions Communication models related to health, aimed at developing personal skills including the ability to communicate and build shared experience, can be assimilated and incorporated into broadcasts on health issues. This model serves as a communication strategy which strengthens the building of shared broadcasts on health issues. This kind of focus requires the development of local activity and capacity-building within the community.
Modelo de Comunicación desde una Perspectiva Social, orientado a la Actividad Física / Design of a communicative model from a social perspective oriented to the physical activity case
Scientific Electronic Library Online (English)
Adriana, Prieto-Rodríguez; Marisol, Moreno- Angarita; Yency S, Cardozo-Vásquez.
Full Text Available Objetivo Se diseńó y aplicó un modelo de comunicación, en el contexto de una Red aplicada a tres regiones de Colombia, Bogotá, Antioquia y Quindío, basado en el enfoque macrointencional, dirigido a afianzar la comprensión del tema de actividad física en los actores relacionados con el tema desde una [...] interpretación multidimensional. Métodos Se definieron poblaciones objetivo y se conformaron equipos de trabajo durante un proceso de tres meses, basados en tres estrategias: producción social, transmisión y democratización. Resultados Se desarrollaron mensajes basados en la construcción de los productores sociales; se ampliaron los conceptos iniciales relacionados con cuerpo, autocuidado, actividad física y salud. Conclusiones Los modelos de comunicación en salud, que se orientan al desarrollo de habilidades personales en relación con la capacidad de comunicar y construir sentidos compartidos, permiten apropiación y recordación de mensajes en salud. El modelo es una estrategia de comunicación que afianza la construcción compartida de mensajes en salud. Este enfoque exige el desarrollo de acciones locales y el fomento de la capacidad organizacional comunitaria. Abstract in english Objective A communication model was designed and put into practice, in the form of a Network throughout three regions in Colombia; Bogotá, Antioquia and Quindío. Based on a macro-intentional model, this network was aimed at strengthening understanding around the subject of physical activity among th [...] ose people affected by the issue, from a multidimensional perspective. Methods The test population was defined and working groups were formed around three strategies: social production, transmission and democratization, during a three-month period. Results Messages were developed based around the ideas of the community producers themselves; the initial concepts were widened to include the body, self care, physical activity and health. Conclusions Communication models related to health, aimed at developing personal skills including the ability to communicate and build shared experience, can be assimilated and incorporated into broadcasts on health issues. This model serves as a communication strategy which strengthens the building of shared broadcasts on health issues. This kind of focus requires the development of local activity and capacity-building within the community.
Qualitative study of the communication processes of Revista Latina de Comunicación Social (RLCS from 1998 to 2009
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Maricela López-Ornelas, M.A.
Full Text Available This article presents the results of a metrics study performed the Revista Latina de Comunicación Social (Latina Journal of Social Communication from January 1998 to December 2009. The quantitative analysis explores the communication processes registered in 878 articles, through five bibliometric indicators: gender, academic degree, country of origin, co-authorship and institutional affiliation. This last criterion was applied only to Spanish authors as they account for 55% of the scientific production in the Revista Latina de Comunicación Social (hence RLCS. The results indicate that there are 1,047 authors, of which 44% are women and 56% are men. This study addresses the position of RLCS in Latin America and highlights the academic contribution of countries such as Argentina, Mexico, Costa Rica, Brazil, Venezuela, Colombia, Cuba, and Chile. Moreover, the study addresses the participation of 42 Spanish universities in RLCS, which is also Spanish. So of these universities stand out because they have registered more than 20 authors each (e.g. the University of Seville, the Autonomous University of Barcelona, the Complutense University of Madrid, the University of the Basque Country, the University of Santiago de Compostela, the University of Malaga, and the Rey Juan Carlos University. Finally, the article identifies the institutional affiliation of 285 (27% authors who published in co-authorship, and classifies the types of collaboration of the Spanish authors in three categories: intra-institutional, inter-institutional and international.
Social responsibility and educational communication in communities accessed by the works: a case study. IEGA - enterprise implementations for gasene
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Campos, Elisangela Assis de; Farias, Aline Marianne Magalhaes [LP Empreendimentos, Rio de janeiro, RJ (Brazil); Marques, Yanna Oliveira [Cia. Nacional de Dutos (Conduto S/A), Duque de Caxias, RJ (Brazil); Penido, Rita de Cassia [Sinopec Brasil, Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil)
Construction and assembly in a gas pipeline project is a constant study of realities and in some cases situations which involve interferences in communities, the company's interests must be wholly integrated with the primary need of the project which is to construct with Social-Environmental Responsibility, establish a good relationship, respect the communities values in which the project passes through and around and surround itself with measures guaranteeing safety, information about the activities and cause minimal impact in the day to day lives of the residents. At Spread 2A of the Pipeline project Cacimbas-Catu, the necessity to develop a specific project for the communities surrounding the access areas was elaborated principally because the topography only permitted the transportation of pipes, equipment and personnel to pass through these areas. This unique situation was drafted based on the transit of vehicles and heavy machinery, through communities with a low IDH (Human Development Index), dangerous living conditions and a high demographic density. Preventive and pacifying actions for Communities and Social responsibility were drafted and developed, involving a multidisciplinary collective effort with other sectors of the project, applying a global theme to ensure safety for the residents around the access areas, also to divulge information in regards to project activities, establish ethical and transparent communication and implement measures that assist in building a solid relationship between the enterprise and community, anticipating risky situations and possible conflicts. This Case Study has as an objective to present projects that were developed in the area of Communication and Social Responsibility in the Access Communities and that, proved effective, became standard within the entire work force's Trainings and Daily Safety, Environmental, and Occupational Health Dialoguing. During the development of the Project 'Street of Leisure', the Social Communication team involved construction and assembly, safety, environmental and health sectors. It was an event that focused on art education, entertainment, information and services. The project involved a puppet theater, film sessions 'Cine Pipeline', and passed on safety measures and project information, demonstration of PPE's and equipment, participation and orientation for adults in the area of health and nutrition, and children's activities demonstrating oral and body hygiene among others. The proposal is to work together with Social Responsibility and Environmental sectors in the communities, involve social actors, induce positive results in the image of the interested parties and leave a responsible and positive perception of the Gasoduto Cacimbas-Catu Enterprise. (author)
Communication in autism spectrum disorder: a guide for pediatric nurses.
Brown, Amanda B; Elder, Jennifer H
In the United States, one in every 68 children has autism spectrum disorder (ASD) (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2014). ASD is a developmental disorder of the brain that is characterized by impairments in social interaction, communication, and repetitive patterns of behavior (American Psychiatric Association [APA], 2013). Nurses have a duty to provide high quality care to children with ASD. Effective communication is essential to providing quality care. Three main theories attempt to explain how the ASD brain functions and the implications on communication: lack of theory of mind, weak central coherence, and lack of executive function. Children with ASD have difficulties in vocalic, kinesthetic, and proxemic aspects of communication (Notbhom, 2006). Simple adaptations to environment and style can make the communication between nurses and children with ASD easier and more effective (Aylott, 2000; Green et al., 2010). PMID:25929112
Repetitive elements in parasitic protozoa
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Clayton Christine
Full Text Available Abstract A recent paper published in BMC Genomics suggests that retrotransposition may be active in the human gut parasite Entamoeba histolytica. This adds to our knowledge of the various types of repetitive elements in parasitic protists and the potential influence of such elements on pathogenicity. See research article http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2164/11/321
Repetitive elements in parasitic protozoa
Clayton Christine
Abstract A recent paper published in BMC Genomics suggests that retrotransposition may be active in the human gut parasite Entamoeba histolytica. This adds to our knowledge of the various types of repetitive elements in parasitic protists and the potential influence of such elements on pathogenicity. See research article http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2164/11/321
Population weighted raster maps can communicate findings of social audits: examples from three continents
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Mitchell Steven
Full Text Available Abstract Background Maps can portray trends, patterns, and spatial differences that might be overlooked in tabular data and are now widely used in health research. Little has been reported about the process of using maps to communicate epidemiological findings. Method Population weighted raster maps show colour changes over the study area. Similar to the rasters of barometric pressure in a weather map, data are the health occurrence – a peak on the map represents a higher value of the indicator in question. The population relevance of each sentinel site, as determined in the stratified last stage random sample, combines with geography (inverse-distance weighting to provide a population-weighted extension of each colour. This transforms the map to show population space rather than simply geographic space. Results Maps allowed discussion of strategies to reduce violence against women in a context of political sensitivity about quoting summary indicator figures. Time-series maps showed planners how experiences of health services had deteriorated despite a reform programme; where in a country HIV risk behaviours were improving; and how knowledge of an economic development programme quickly fell off across a region. Change maps highlighted where indicators were improving and where they were deteriorating. Maps of potential impact of interventions, based on multivariate modelling, displayed how partial and full implementation of programmes could improve outcomes across a country. Scale depends on context. To support local planning, district maps or local government authority maps of health indicators were more useful than national maps; but multinational maps of outcomes were more useful for regional institutions. Mapping was useful to illustrate in which districts enrolment in religious schools – a rare occurrence - was more prevalent. Conclusions Population weighted raster maps can present social audit findings in an accessible and compelling way, increasing the use of evidence by planners with limited numeracy skills or little time to look at evidence. Maps complement epidemiological analysis, but they are not a substitute. Much less do they substitute for rigorous epidemiological designs, like randomised controlled trials.
Promoting Parent-Adolescent Communication To Facilitate Healthy Sexual Socialization of Youth.
Filomeno, Arlynn H.
Reviews relevant research to identify strengths and weaknesses of parent-adolescent communication patterns relating to adolescent sexual behaviors. Studies show the positive effects of parent-adolescent communication patterns and adolescent sexuality, though man parents fail to address the most critical sexual risks faced by adolescents (sexually…
A Study on Communication Media Selection: Comparing the Effectiveness of the Media Richness, Social Influence, and Media Fitness
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Rui Gu
Full Text Available Media selection has become a more complex problem because of the fast development of Information and Communication Technology. However, there is little quantified work on the tools for media selection decisions. The three main tools available are Media Richness Theory (MRT [1], Social Influence Perspectives (SIP [2], and Media Fitness Framework (MFF [3,4]. MFF is a combination of the factors from MRT and SIP with additional factors for environmental and resource limitations. In this research, we tested the effectiveness of media selection prediction of these three tools on 72 communication tasks from 18 companies. We then compared the results to real data. This comparison showed MFF to be more effective than either MRT or SIP, particularly in multiple-media situations. MFF also had a faster convergence of media selection prediction.
Consumers and Corporate Social Responsibility Communication: What Do They Really Want?
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Schmeltz, Line
This paper questions and discusses whether the currently recommended way of communicating CSR to the increasingly important stakeholder group consisting of consumers will also be the optimum way to represent corporate values and behaviour in the future? Maybe it is time to challenge current thinking within the field of CSR communication suggesting that companies should apply a very subtle, implicit and sometimes even endorsed way of communicating CSR in order to inhibit scepticism and enhance persuasion. Perhaps the young consumers- the consumers of the future - are ready for another approach because they have a different understanding and awareness of CSR than we have seen so far? The question is, then, how companies can accommodate this understanding and awareness rhetorically in their communication of CSR. In this paper, a new conceptual model for communicating CSR to consumers is presented along with the theoretical background for a consumer survey aiming to test and develop the model further.
Look into organizations? marketing communication campaigns on social issues in Finland
Lahtinen, Emmi
This study examined social marketing and related dimensions by looking at case campaigns of three Finnish organizations of the public, business and civic sector. Marketing on these sectors is about behavioral influence, but has diverse characteristics. The aims of the research were to clarify the multidimensional field of marketing applied to social issues, to find out the different dimensions, and to examine in which dimensions the case campaigns fit. Social marketing and rela...
Orzan, Gheorghe; Platon, Otilia-elena
On the Internet, a medium that has already proven its effectiveness in marketing activities, changes take place with astonishing speed. The recent explosion of social networking applications and their number of users has captured the marketers' attention. Companies have started to rethink their relationships with consumers and adapt to the new online world. In this virtual world of social networks the public is the key element. Consumers perceive the social network as a personal space where...
The value and use of social media as communication tool in the plant sciences
Osterrieder, Anne
Social media now complements many parts of our lives. Facebook, Twitter, YouTube and many other social networking sites allow users to share and interact with online content and to connect with like-minded people. Its strengths – rapid dissemination and amplification of content and the ability to lead informal conversations – make it a powerful tool to use in a professional context. This commentary explains the overall concept of social media and offers suggestions on usage and possible t...
Methods for Inferring Health-Related Social Networks among Coworkers from Online Communication Patterns
Matthews, Luke J.; Dewan, Peter; Rula, Elizabeth Y.
Studies of social networks, mapped using self-reported contacts, have demonstrated the strong influence of social connections on the propensity for individuals to adopt or maintain healthy behaviors and on their likelihood to adopt health risks such as obesity. Social network analysis may prove useful for businesses and organizations that wish to improve the health of their populations by identifying key network positions. Health traits have been shown to correlate across friendship ties, but...
Social communication impairments in children and adolescents with Asperger syndrome: Slow response time and the impact of prompting
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Kaland, Nils; Mortensen, Erik Lykke
In the present study children and adolescents with Asperger syndrome (N = 13) and a matched control group of typically developing children and adolescents were presented with 26 vignettes of daily life situations, including irony, metaphors, contrary emotions, jealousy, social blunders, and understanding intentions. The participants in the AS group showed significant impairments in social communication. They needed significantly longer response times to solve the tasks and required significantly more prompt questions than the control persons. When analyzing the AS participants' performances before any prompt questions had been given, their task performances were significantly poorer than after the prompts had been given indicating that without any prompt questions their task performance would have fallen markedly. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Social Acceptance of a Teleoperated Android : Field Study on Elderly's Engagement with an Embodied Communication Medium in Denmark
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Ryuji, Yamazaki; Nishio, Shuichi
We explored the potential of teleoperated android robots, which are embodied telecommunication media with humanlike appearances, and how they affect people in the real world when they are employed to express a telepresence and a sense of 'being there'. In Denmark, our exploratory study focused on the social aspects of Telenoid, a teleoperated android, which might facilitate communication between senior citizens and Telenoid's operator. After applying it to the elderly in their homes, we found that the elderly assumed positive attitudes toward Telenoid, and their positivity and strong attachment to its huggable minimalistic human design were cross-culturally shared in Denmark and Japan. Contrary to the negative reactions by non-users in media reports, our result suggests that teleoperated androids can be accepted by the elderly as a kind of universal design medium for social inclusion.
El paradigma médico social y la competencia comunicativa del profesional de ciencias medicas / The social and medical paradigm and communicative competence of health sciences professional
Scientific Electronic Library Online (English)
Maritza de la Rosa, Legón; Nelia, Vega González; Lourdes, Brito Gómez.
Full Text Available En el nuevo paradigma sociomédico la efectividad de la comunicación constituye la piedra angular ante el reto de promover cambios en los estilos de vida y ofreciendo a la población instrumentos para pensar, analizar y reflexionar sobre su salud. La relación médico-paciente como modelo de comunicació [...] n fundamenta el comportamiento del profesional de las Ciencias Médicas y las relaciones que contraerán entre sí los médicos y el equipo de salud de donde depende la conducta moral o ética que orientará y caracterizará su trato. El objetivo de este trabajo es reflexionar acerca de los aspectos esenciales que deben caracterizar la competencia comunicativa del profesional y las habilidades para conformar una cultura de la comunicación que sirvan de base a la gestión de salud en la Atención Primaria de Salud. Se analiza el manejo de la comunicación para el logro de la empatía con el paciente, la liquidación de barreras comunicativas que permitan el acercamiento y la interacción reflexiva con el hombre sano o enfermo, la familia, las agrupaciones comunitarias y la coordinación con las instituciones sociales de la comunidad que permitan los cambios necesarios para alcanzar un modo de vida más sano y el desarrollo creciente de la cultura de la salud en la población, vinculando las herramientas cognoscitivas para educar a los miembros de la sociedad en el cuidado de su salud con las habilidades comunicativas que le permitan ser comprendido eficazmente basado en la amistad, confianza y respeto entre él y la población por cuya salud debe velar. Abstract in english In de new social and medical paradigm the effectiveness of communication constitutes a cornerstone to face the challenge for promoting changes in the lifestyle and offering people ways to think, analyze and to reflex about their health. The doctor patient relationship as a model of communication sub [...] stantiate the behavior of the medical science professional and the relation that doctors will have among them and the health team from which it will depend the moral or ethical attitude to be oriented and will also characterize the attention. The objective of this paper is to reflex about the essential aspects that should characterize the skills to form a culture of communication aim to obtain a health work in the primary health care. The management of communication is analyzed to achieve and empathy with the patient, the elimination of communicative barriers that allow the approaching and reflexive interaction with the healthy or the sick person, the family, communitarian groups and the coordination with the communitarian social institutions, which permit the necessary changes to reach a healthier lifestyle and an ascending development of the health culture into the population, relating knowledge tools in order to educate members of the society in their health care wilt the communicative skills that allow them being will understood based on friendship, confidence, and respect between the health professional and the population whose health be should take care of.
El paradigma médico social y la competencia comunicativa del profesional de ciencias medicas The social and medical paradigm and communicative competence of health sciences professional
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Maritza de la Rosa Legón
Full Text Available En el nuevo paradigma sociomédico la efectividad de la comunicación constituye la piedra angular ante el reto de promover cambios en los estilos de vida y ofreciendo a la población instrumentos para pensar, analizar y reflexionar sobre su salud. La relación médico-paciente como modelo de comunicación fundamenta el comportamiento del profesional de las Ciencias Médicas y las relaciones que contraerán entre sí los médicos y el equipo de salud de donde depende la conducta moral o ética que orientará y caracterizará su trato. El objetivo de este trabajo es reflexionar acerca de los aspectos esenciales que deben caracterizar la competencia comunicativa del profesional y las habilidades para conformar una cultura de la comunicación que sirvan de base a la gestión de salud en la Atención Primaria de Salud. Se analiza el manejo de la comunicación para el logro de la empatía con el paciente, la liquidación de barreras comunicativas que permitan el acercamiento y la interacción reflexiva con el hombre sano o enfermo, la familia, las agrupaciones comunitarias y la coordinación con las instituciones sociales de la comunidad que permitan los cambios necesarios para alcanzar un modo de vida más sano y el desarrollo creciente de la cultura de la salud en la población, vinculando las herramientas cognoscitivas para educar a los miembros de la sociedad en el cuidado de su salud con las habilidades comunicativas que le permitan ser comprendido eficazmente basado en la amistad, confianza y respeto entre él y la población por cuya salud debe velar.In de new social and medical paradigm the effectiveness of communication constitutes a cornerstone to face the challenge for promoting changes in the lifestyle and offering people ways to think, analyze and to reflex about their health. The doctor patient relationship as a model of communication substantiate the behavior of the medical science professional and the relation that doctors will have among them and the health team from which it will depend the moral or ethical attitude to be oriented and will also characterize the attention. The objective of this paper is to reflex about the essential aspects that should characterize the skills to form a culture of communication aim to obtain a health work in the primary health care. The management of communication is analyzed to achieve and empathy with the patient, the elimination of communicative barriers that allow the approaching and reflexive interaction with the healthy or the sick person, the family, communitarian groups and the coordination with the communitarian social institutions, which permit the necessary changes to reach a healthier lifestyle and an ascending development of the health culture into the population, relating knowledge tools in order to educate members of the society in their health care wilt the communicative skills that allow them being will understood based on friendship, confidence, and respect between the health professional and the population whose health be should take care of.
Los medios de comunicación social en el socialismo del siglo XXI / The Social Communication Media in a Twenty First-Century Socialism
Scientific Electronic Library Online (English)
Olga, Dragnic.
Full Text Available En este trabajo se analizan las funciones que los medios de comunicación social deberían cumplir en una sociedad socialista. Se seńala el abandono de los principios editoriales de los medios privados y la desinformación que ese cambio ocasiona. Se sostiene que en un sistema socialista democrático de [...] be existir pluralidad de medios. Así mismo se seńala la necesidad de democratizar el poder mediático, mediante su vinculación orgánica con distintos sectores sociales. Los medios deben proporcionar conocimientos sobre la realidad social y política que los ciudadanos requieren para su inserción, activa y consciente, en las estructuras de participación y de la contraloría social. Se propone la conformación de instancias de control social de los medios, en el marco de la absoluta vigencia de la libertad de expresión y del derecho la información Abstract in english Abstract This article discusses the role the media should fulfill in a socialist society. A first requirement is obviously a radical break with the editorial policies that characterize the private media and the disinformation that goes with it. It is argued that in a democratic socialist system ther [...] e should be a plurality of media. There is also a need to democratize the media, promoting organic links with different social sectors. The media should provide the knowledge of the political and social reality that the citizen needs in order to play a conscious and active role in political life. At the same time, there should be social control of the media within the context of an absolute respect for the liberty of opinion and the right to be informed
Bailenson, Jeremy; Buzzanell, Patrice; Deetz, Stanley; Tewksbury, David; Thompson, Robert J.; Turow, Joseph; Bichelmeyer, Barbara; Bishop, M. J.; Gayeski, Diane
Scholars representing the field of communications were asked to identify what they considered to be the most exciting and imaginative work currently being done in their field, as well as how that work might change our understanding. The scholars included Jeremy Bailenson, Patrice Buzzanell, Stanley Deetz, David Tewksbury, Robert J. Thompson, and…
The use of a social network analysis technique to investigate the characteristics of crew communications in nuclear power plants-A feasibility study
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Effective and reliable communications are very important in securing the safety of human-involved large process control systems because human operators have to accomplish their tasks in cooperative ways. This means that it is very important to understand the characteristics of crew communications, which can provide useful insights for preventing inappropriate communications. Unfortunately, in the nuclear industry, a systematic framework that can be used to identify the characteristics of crew communications seems to be rare. For this reason, the applicability of the social network analysis (SNA) technique to identifying the characteristics of crew communications was investigated in this study. To this end, the communication data of operating crews working in the main control room (MCR) of nuclear power plants (NPPs) were collected under two kinds of simulated off-normal conditions. Then the communication characteristics of MCR operating crews, which can be represented by the associated SNA metrics, were compared with communication characteristics that are already known from existing studies. As a result, it was found that SNA metrics could be meaningful for explaining the communication characteristics of MCR operating crews. Accordingly, it is expected that the SNA technique can be used as one of the serviceable tools to investigate the characteristics of crew communications in NPPs. - Highlights: ? Communications are very important for the safety of complicated socortant for the safety of complicated socio-technical systems. ? A systematic framework to identify communication characteristics seems to be rare. ? The feasibility of the social network analysis (SNA) technique was investigated. ? It is expected that SNA metrics is meaningful for explaining communication characteristics.
Hearing Aids Communication : Integrating Social Interaction, Audiology and User Centered Design to Improve Communication with Hearing Loss and Hearing Technologies
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Globally, hearing loss is the second most frequent disability. About 80% of the persons affected by hearing loss do not use hearing aids. The goal of this edited volume is to present a theoretically founded, interdisciplinary approach geared at understanding and improving social interaction impacted by hearing loss and (non-) use of hearing technologies. The researchers report on pilot studies from Australia, Denmark, Finland, Germany, Switzerland and the USA. Using Conversation Analysis, the studies identify problems and serve as points of departure for possible solutions. Researchers and practitioners from the different disciplines (medicine, audiology, hearing rehabilitation, User Centered Design, Conversation Analysis, change business) as well as users of hearing technologies comment on this approach.
Social Media and Political Communication. Case Study – The Parliamentary Parties In Romania
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
T?nase Tasen?e
Full Text Available The study aims to examine the extent to which parliamentary parties from Romania are using Social Media to promote their image and political messages, but also the level of participation of supporters in social networks. More than that, another objective of this paper aims to identify similarities between the hypothetical percentages of supporters of political parties in Social Media, electoral percentages of accessing the Romanian Parliament and the current political configuration of the Romanian Parliament. The research focused on comparative analysis of the ?de facto? representation of the parliamentary parties in the romanian community and the degree of representation in social networks. The Research method used is quantitative analysis of the online documents and working tool used is the traffic analysis and the degree of the participation in social networks.
żPara qué sirve la semiótica?: una propuesta de resignificación de la mujer a través de la comunicación para el cambio social / What is semiotics for?: A proposal for the resignification of women through communication for social change
Scientific Electronic Library Online (English)
Luis Ricardo, Navarro Díaz.
Full Text Available Este documento propone establecer puntos de encuentro entre las categorías mujer, semiótica y comunicación para el cambio social. El texto plantea como su eje central la idea de que una comunicación para la transformación social exige resignificar a la mujer en las distintas instancias del proceso c [...] omunicativo. El artículo explora, en primera instancia, contenidos teóricos sobre la semiótica, con el fin de ubicar su relación con un discurso crítico sobre el universo sígnico que los medios masivos proponen para la mujer. Una vez establecida esta mirada, se pretende estudiar la semiótica como componente fundamental de la comunicación para el cambio social en la medida en que posibilita generar actos narrativos de permanente re-significación humana Abstract in english This document proposes to establish points of contact between female categories, semiotics and communication for social change. The text asserts as its central theme the idea that communication for social transformation requires new meaning to women in different instances of the communication proces [...] s. The article explores in the first instance, contained theoretical semiotics, in order to locate her relationship with a critical discourse about the universe significant that the media offer for women. Hence, the purpose is to study semiotics as a fundamental component of communication for social change in the sense that facilitates the generation of narrative acts of permanent human re-signification
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Alejandro del Cristo Rodríguez Morell
Full Text Available In the article the developed work is detailed to the elaboration of the electronic book to the Direction and Institutional Communication Administration subject for the fifth year of the studies of Social Communication. The use of the new technologies of the information and communications applied to the teaching, by means of the application of a tool to the creation of interactive products that propitiate a more active learning and at the same time interesting and pleasant, it´s the essence of the conception of the book that is presented. Simultaneously it contributes to the solution of the bibliography´ situation of this subject that doesn't have a basic text. The design of the book allows to unify in a didactic body the dispersed contents in several consultation bibliographies and to include other types of materials, as videos, images and materials of the media. RESUMEN En el artículo se detalla el trabajo desarrollado para la elaboración del libro electrónico para la asignatura Dirección y Gestión de Comunicación Institucional para el 5to ańo de la carrera de Comunicación Social. La utilización de las nuevas tecnologías de la información y las comunicaciones aplicadas a la enseńanza, mediante la aplicación de una herramienta para la creación de productos interactivos que propicien un aprendizaje más activo y a la vez interesante y ameno, es la esencia de la concepción del libro que se presenta. Simultáneamente contribuye a la solución de la situación de la bibliografía de dicha asignatura, que no cuenta con un texto básico. El diseńo del libro permite unificar en un cuerpo didáctico los contenidos dispersos en varias bibliografías de consulta e incluir otros tipos de materiales, como videos, imágenes y materiales de la prensa.
The social network and the geo-hydrological information: the CNR IRPI Facebook page as example of communication.
Fiorucci, Federica; Bianchi, Cinzia; Marchesini, Ivan; Salvati, Paola; Fugnoli, Federico; Guzzetti, Fausto
Good communication is a fundamental step for the spread of news and knowledge. The effectiveness and persuasiveness of a message is a function of the interaction of characteristics of the audience, the source of the message, and content of the message. Italian Research Institute for the Hydrogeological Protection (CNR-IRPI) has been publishing information on geo-hydrological events using the Internet (http://sici.irpi.cnr.it/, http://webmap.irpi.cnr.it/, http://geomorphology.irpi.cnr.it/, http://polaris.irpi.cnr.it/, http://giida.irpi.cnr.it/, http://events.irpi.cnr.it/ ). Our websites are mainly visited by experts and the information are used for technical purposes. The contents and the interface of the websites are designed for this type of users. Our intention is to increase the type of users, and we are testing the use of social network to catch the wide public's attention. Social networks have emerged as critical factor in information dissemination, search, marketing expertise and influence discovery, and are an important channel for people to share information. Social scientist have long recognized the importance of social networks in the spread of information. Facebook and Twitter are the most widely used social networking services. They make it simpler to communicate with multiple people at one time. Social media may also make it easier for users to monitor activities of people (friends or followers). An official Facebook page of the Italian Research Institute for the Hydrogeological Protection (CNR-IRPI, https://www.facebook.com/CNR.IRPI ), was created and linked to a Twitter account. The purpose of this page is to disseminate information on flood and landslide events and on our research activities, in order to raise awareness of geo-hydrological matters among users. This page publishes news on current or historical landslide and flood events involving the Italian territory, or news from around the world collected on the network. The news are published as text or links to videos or photos collected from the network. Facebook provides statistics regarding access the page and the interactions that users have with the news published. These statistics make it possible to quantify the interest of the users to the content of the news (post events, new publication institute, etc.). The way the news are published (only in text mode, with photographic or video images), the novelty (current event or historical) and the location (events in Italy or abroad) are all messages characteristic's that increase the audience attention. This work has highlighted the significance of the characteristics that can draw the attention of the public regarding landslide and flood information.
Repetitive learning control of continuous chaotic systems
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Combining a shift method and the repetitive learning strategy, a repetitive learning controller is proposed to stabilize unstable periodic orbits (UPOs) within chaotic attractors in the sense of least mean square. If nonlinear parts in chaotic systems satisfy Lipschitz condition, the proposed controller can be simplified into a simple proportional repetitive learning controller
High repetition rate tunable lasers
Evans, Ian Jason; Webb, Colin; Professor Colin Webb
?Copper vapour laser (CVL) pumped dye lasers offer a source of high power, kilohertz repetition rate, tunable narrow-bandwidth radiation suitable for many spectroscopic applications in the visible and infra-red. Furthermore, the nonlinear frequency conversion of CVL-pumped dye laser radiation extends the wavelength range of these laser sources into the blue and ultra-violet. A series of experimental investigations have been undertaken to gain a physical understanding of t...
Discurso, Comunicación y poder: máscaras, distinción y exclusiones sociales / Discourse, communication and power: masks, distinction and social exclusions
Scientific Electronic Library Online (English)
Flora, Losada.
Full Text Available El hallazgo de la imagen masacrada de un Cristo en su santuario ubicado en las alturas de la Quebrada de Humahuaca, conmociona a la feligresía de la localidad ubicada en las cercanías. Pasado el primer momento de estupor, se suceden las suposiciones en torno a los autores del hecho; así como las dis [...] cusiones posteriores en pro de su restauración o reemplazo. Se hacen manifiestos diversos relatos que giran en torno a la confección de la figura original del Cristo, a la de la Virgen que se encontraba en un camarín cercano. Se alude también a la actuación de un sacerdote, representante de la Teología de la Liberación; el que fue cuestionado ya hace algunos ańos y aún hasta hoy, por un sector de la sociedad local y provincial. El discurso de la narrativa oral, acerca de esta temática, puede mostrarnos la conceptualización de parte de la "realidad social". Interesa ver cómo los relatos orales están mostrando, en su contenido semántico, una manera de ver el mundo. Al mismo tiempo, mediante su organización formal están estructurando, también, una forma de categorizar al mundo social. Categorías, esquemas, modelos son los conceptos eje que guían nuestra búsqueda; y que permiten hacer inferencias acerca de las relaciones del poder local. También las menciones que aparecieron en conversaciones informales permiten explicar la postura discursiva de los emisores. El analisis de estas menciones nos ofrece datos que se pueden relacionar con el accionar directo o simbólico de diversas instituciones disciplinarias actuantes en nuestra sociedad. Abstract in english The discovery of a destroyed Christ graven image in his sanctuary situated in the heights of the Quebrada de Humahuaca, shocks the local parishioners in the outskirts of the sanctuary. After the first moment of stupor, suppositions about the perpetrators of the incident are made; the same as the lat [...] er discussions in favour of its restoration or replacement. Several tales that evolve around the making of the original Christ's figure and the virgin, who was in a nearby small chapel are manifested. It is also alluded to the intervention of a priest, representative of the Theology of the Liberation, who was questioned, a few years ago and even until today, by a sector of the local and provincial society. The discourse of oral narrative, about this theme, can show us the conceptualization, from the "social reality". It is interesting to see how oral tales show, in their semantic contents, a way to see the world. At the same time, by means of its formal organization, they are structuring, too, a way to categorize the social world. Categories, outlines, models are the central concepts that guide our search; and the ones that allow to make inferences about the local power relations. Also the mentions that appeared in informal conversations allow explaining the addresser´s discursive positioning.The analysis of what we have mentioned offers us pieces of information that are related to each other.
Haploinsufficiency of the autism-associated Shank3 gene leads to deficits in synaptic function, social interaction, and social communication
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Bozdagi Ozlem
Full Text Available Abstract Background SHANK3 is a protein in the core of the postsynaptic density (PSD and has a critical role in recruiting many key functional elements to the PSD and to the synapse, including components of ?-amino-3-hydroxyl-5-methyl-4-isoxazole-propionic acid (AMPA, metabotropic glutamate (mGlu and N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA glutamate receptors, as well as cytoskeletal elements. Loss of a functional copy of the SHANK3 gene leads to the neurobehavioral manifestations of 22q13 deletion syndrome and/or to autism spectrum disorders. The goal of this study was to examine the effects of haploinsufficiency of full-length Shank3 in mice, focusing on synaptic development, transmission and plasticity, as well as on social behaviors, as a model for understanding SHANK3 haploinsufficiency in humans. Methods We used mice with a targeted disruption of Shank3 in which exons coding for the ankyrin repeat domain were deleted and expression of full-length Shank3 was disrupted. We studied synaptic transmission and plasticity by multiple methods, including patch-clamp whole cell recording, two-photon time-lapse imaging and extracellular recordings of field excitatory postsynaptic potentials. We also studied the density of GluR1-immunoreactive puncta in the CA1 stratum radiatum and carried out assessments of social behaviors. Results In Shank3 heterozygous mice, there was reduced amplitude of miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents from hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons and the input-output (I/O relationship at Schaffer collateral-CA1 synapses in acute hippocampal slices was significantly depressed; both of these findings indicate a reduction in basal neurotransmission. Studies with specific inhibitors demonstrated that the decrease in basal transmission reflected reduced AMPA receptor-mediated transmission. This was further supported by the observation of reduced numbers of GluR1-immunoreactive puncta in the stratum radiatum. Long-term potentiation (LTP, induced either with ?-burst pairing (TBP or high-frequency stimulation, was impaired in Shank3 heterozygous mice, with no significant change in long-term depression (LTD. In concordance with the LTP results, persistent expansion of spines was observed in control mice after TBP-induced LTP; however, only transient spine expansion was observed in Shank3 heterozygous mice. Male Shank3 heterozygotes displayed less social sniffing and emitted fewer ultrasonic vocalizations during interactions with estrus female mice, as compared to wild-type littermate controls. Conclusions We documented specific deficits in synaptic function and plasticity, along with reduced reciprocal social interactions in Shank3 heterozygous mice. Our results are consistent with altered synaptic development and function in Shank3 haploinsufficiency, highlighting the importance of Shank3 in synaptic function and supporting a link between deficits in synapse function and neurodevelopmental disorders. The reduced glutamatergic transmission that we observed in the Shank3 heterozygous mice represents an interesting therapeutic target in Shank3-haploinsufficiency syndromes.
Killen, James E.; Murphy, Enda
Communications are an outstanding feature of Ireland's rural landscape. Some roads date from early times, but a network of roads and lanes, much denser than in most of Europe, developed strongly in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries to link the diffuse pattern of small single farms, provide access to peat bogs and hill grazing, and serve a population substantially larger than the present. The expansion of roads had profound consequences in pre-industrial Ireland, ending isolation, alteri...
Can autistic traits present in the normal population determine social communication abilities? An investigation into correlations between AQ score and performance in communication tasks testing audience design and lexical alignment.
Baring, Rosalind M. B.
This study explored the concept of the Autistic Spectrum (Wing (1988)), and the theory that autistic traits of varying severity can be identified and measured in the general population using Baron-Cohen, Wheelwright, Skinner, Martin and Clubley's (2001) Autism-Spectrum Quotient. It was hypothesised that variation in the levels of autistic traits present in the normal population might determine social communication abilities. This was tested using two referential communication tasks. The fir...
Dimitar LOZANOVSKI
In this work, the author actualizes one of the many important questions that determine the educational process in function of the socialization of mentally retarded children compulsory connected with ordinary living.
Spousal communication on family planning and perceived social support for contraceptive practices in a sample of Malaysian women
Najafi-Sharjabad, Fatemeh; Rahman, Hejar Abdul; Hanafiah, Muhamad; Syed Yahya, Sharifah Zainiyah
Background: In Malaysia, contraceptive prevalence rate (CPR) during past three decades has been steady, with only 34% of women practicing modern contraception. The aim of this study was to determine the factors associated with modern contraceptive practices with a focus on spousal communication and perceived social support among married women working in the university. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out using self-administered structured questionnaire. The association between variables were assessed using Chi-square test, independent sample t-test, and logistic regression. Results: Overall, 36.8% of women used modern contraceptive methods. Significant association was found between contraceptive practice and ethnicity (P = 0.003), number of pregnancies (P contraception as compared to non-Malay women. Women who discussed about family planning with their spouses were more likely to practice modern contraception than the women who did not [odds ratio (OR): 2.2, Confidence Interval (CI): 1.3–3.7]. Those women with moderate (OR: 4.9, CI: 1.6–10.8) and strong (OR: 14, CI: 4.5–26.4) perception of social support for contraceptive usage were more likely to use modern contraception than the women with poor perception of social support. Conclusion: Spousal communication regarding family planning would be an effective way to motivate men for supporting and using contraceptives. Family planning education initiatives should target both men and women, particularly high-risk cases, for promoting healthy timing and spacing of pregnancies. Ethnic disparities need to be considered in planning reproductive health programs.
Practice, Communication and Space: A reflection on the materiality of social structures
Netto, Vinicius
The general issue of relations between sociality and spatiality, until recently profoundly ignored outside spatial studies, has become a focus of great theoretical attention in a number of disciplines – what has been called, remarkably, the "spatial turn" in social and cultural theory. The thesis wishes to address a central problem in that debate: the connection of practice and space. It does so emphasising a dimension that has not been previously explored to a significant d...
Social Communication and Theory of Mind in Boys with Autism and Fragile X Syndrome
MollyLosh; GaryE.Martin
Impairments in the social use of language, or pragmatics, constitute a core characteristic of autism. Problems with pragmatic language have also been documented in fragile X syndrome (FXS), a monogenic condition that is the most common known genetic cause of autism. Evidence suggests that social cognitive ability, or theory of mind, may also be impaired in both conditions, and in autism, may importantly relate to pragmatic language ability. Given the substantial overlap observed in autism and...
The Snowtweets Project: communicating snow depth measurements from specialists and non-specialists via mobile communication technologies and social networks
King, J. M.; Cabrera, A. R.; Kelly, R. E.
With the global decline of in situ snow measurements for hydrometeorological applications, there is an evolving need to find alternative ways to collect localized measurements of snow. The Snowtweets Project is an experiment aimed at providing a way for people interested in making snow measurements to quickly broadcast their measurements to the internet. The goal of the project is to encourage specialists and non-specialists alike to share simple snow depth measurements through widely available social networking sites. We are currently using the rapidly growing microblogging site Twitter (www.twitter.com) as a broadcasting vehicle to collect the snow depth measurements. Using 140 characters or less, users "tweet" their snow depth from their location through the Twitter website. This can be done from a computer or smartphone with internet access or through SMS messaging. The project has developed a Snowtweets web application that interrogates Twitter by parsing the 140 character string to obtain a geographic position and snow depth. GeoRSS and KML feeds are available to visualize the tweets in GoogleEarth or they can be viewed in our own visualiser, Snowbird. The emphasis is on achieving wide coverage to increase the number of microblogs. Furthermore, after some quality control filters, the project is able to combine the broadcast snow depths with traditional and objective satellite remote sensing-based observations or hydrologic model estimates. Our site, snowcore.uwaterloo.ca, was launched in July 2009 and is ready for the 2009-2010 northern hemisphere winter. We invite comments from experienced community participation projects to help improve our product.
Comunicación social, preparativos y mitigación de desastres: visión de futuro / Social communication, preparedness and mitigation of disasters: A vision for the future
Scientific Electronic Library Online (English)
Armando, Rodríguez Salvá1; Blanca, Terry Berro2 < a name=autor> < /a> .
Full Text Available La comunicación para la prevención es un proceso complejo que requiere la acción de profesionales y población en general, donde el profesional en comunicación es un eje en su conjunto. La educación se centra no solo en el desarrollo de medidas inmediatas posteriores a los eventos, sino desde mucho a [...] ntes, para consolidar los sitios inestables y persuadir a la población de reducir los niveles de riesgo que están dispuestos a aceptar. Las observaciones de los efectos en salud de un desastre en poblaciones permiten establecer áreas de intervención y definir acciones inmediatas. El empleo de encuestas y la evaluación inicial resultan prácticos para identificar las necesidades de las poblaciones afectadas; sin embargo, el establecimiento de sistemas de vigilancia en salud y la comunicación social constituyen la principal aplicación del método epidemiológico en la práctica actual. El carácter interdisciplinario de la epidemiología permite trascender la simple agregación de conceptos y prácticas sobre vigilancia epidemiológica para contribuir a una síntesis integral del conocimiento sobre temas específicos, como salud ambiental, servicios médicos y control de vectores antes, durante y con posterioridad a los desastres. El presente documento ofrece una herramienta para que los profesionales cooperantes mejoren la eficacia y la calidad de su asistencia y, de ese modo, aporten un cambio significativo a la vida de las personas afectadas por un desastre. Abstract in english Communication for prevention is a complex process requiring actions by professionals and general population as well, where the communication expert is the key. Education is focused not only on the development of immediate measures to be taken after the event but on the work carried out before that t [...] ime, to consolidate unstable sites and to persuade the population to lower the risk levels that they are willing to accept. Observation of the health effects of a disaster on the populations allows setting intervention areas and defining immediate actions. The use of surveys and the initial evaluation served to identify in a practical way the needs of affected communities; however, the setting up of health surveillance systems and the social communication are the main applications of the epidemiological method in practice. The inter-disciplinary nature of epidemiology makes it possible to go beyond the simple addition of concepts and practices in epidemiological surveillance to provide a comprehensive summary of practices in specific topics such as environmental health, medical services and vector control before, during and after the disaster. The present paper offered a tool for professionals working in cooperation missions so that they can improve the efficiency and quality of their assistance, and thus make a significant change in the life of those persons affected by disasters.
Comunicación social, preparativos y mitigación de desastres: visión de futuro Social communication, preparedness and mitigation of disasters: A vision for the future
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Armando Rodríguez Salvá1
Full Text Available La comunicación para la prevención es un proceso complejo que requiere la acción de profesionales y población en general, donde el profesional en comunicación es un eje en su conjunto. La educación se centra no solo en el desarrollo de medidas inmediatas posteriores a los eventos, sino desde mucho antes, para consolidar los sitios inestables y persuadir a la población de reducir los niveles de riesgo que están dispuestos a aceptar. Las observaciones de los efectos en salud de un desastre en poblaciones permiten establecer áreas de intervención y definir acciones inmediatas. El empleo de encuestas y la evaluación inicial resultan prácticos para identificar las necesidades de las poblaciones afectadas; sin embargo, el establecimiento de sistemas de vigilancia en salud y la comunicación social constituyen la principal aplicación del método epidemiológico en la práctica actual. El carácter interdisciplinario de la epidemiología permite trascender la simple agregación de conceptos y prácticas sobre vigilancia epidemiológica para contribuir a una síntesis integral del conocimiento sobre temas específicos, como salud ambiental, servicios médicos y control de vectores antes, durante y con posterioridad a los desastres. El presente documento ofrece una herramienta para que los profesionales cooperantes mejoren la eficacia y la calidad de su asistencia y, de ese modo, aporten un cambio significativo a la vida de las personas afectadas por un desastre.Communication for prevention is a complex process requiring actions by professionals and general population as well, where the communication expert is the key. Education is focused not only on the development of immediate measures to be taken after the event but on the work carried out before that time, to consolidate unstable sites and to persuade the population to lower the risk levels that they are willing to accept. Observation of the health effects of a disaster on the populations allows setting intervention areas and defining immediate actions. The use of surveys and the initial evaluation served to identify in a practical way the needs of affected communities; however, the setting up of health surveillance systems and the social communication are the main applications of the epidemiological method in practice. The inter-disciplinary nature of epidemiology makes it possible to go beyond the simple addition of concepts and practices in epidemiological surveillance to provide a comprehensive summary of practices in specific topics such as environmental health, medical services and vector control before, during and after the disaster. The present paper offered a tool for professionals working in cooperation missions so that they can improve the efficiency and quality of their assistance, and thus make a significant change in the life of those persons affected by disasters.
Use of social communication as a tool for environmental licensing of small-scale hydroelectric power plants; Uso da comunicacao social como instrumento para o licenciamento ambiental de PCH - pequenas centrais hidreletricas
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Tiago Filho, Geraldo Lucio [Universidade Federal de Itajuba (UNIFEI), MG (Brazil). Inst. de Recursos Naturais], e-mail: email@example.com; Galhardo, Camila Rocha [Centro Nacional de Referencia em Pequenas Centrais Hidreletricas (CERPCH), MG (Brazil)], e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com
The present work intends to study the process of environmental licensing of the Small ones Central Hydroelectric (PCHs) through the rising of the legal framework of the referred process and to analyze the application of tools of social communication in the mitigation of the social impacts in the zone of influence of the enterprise. Through the analysis of the critical points in the environmental licensing of small hydroelectric uses and evaluation of communication actions taking in consideration the environmental costs for the enterprise. (author)
Child marriage prevention in Amhara Region, Ethiopia: association of communication exposure and social influence with parents/guardians' knowledge and attitudes.
Gage, Anastasia J
Despite increasing international attention to child marriage and its negative health and social consequences, little is known about the knowledge and beliefs of individuals who are in control of negotiating children's marriages and of the social context in which these individuals function. Using data from a 2007 cross-sectional household survey and multilevel logistic regression models, this paper examined the associations of communication exposure and measures of social influence with knowledge of marriage legislation, perceptions that marriage before age 18 was "too early", and beliefs in daughters' rights to individual marriage choice among parents/guardians in Amhara Region, Ethiopia. The study found that mass media and interpersonal communication exposure were positively associated with all outcomes. The influence of communication exposure on knowledge of the legal minimum age at marriage and the perception that marriage before 18 was "too early" varied significantly across communities. Community pressure to stop child marriages and awareness of marriage law enforcement were positively associated with endorsing daughters' rights to choose their marriage age and partner. Perceived social norms regarding early marriage, normative beliefs and perceived benefits of delayed marriage were at least as important as communication exposure for endorsing daughters' rights to marriage choice. Gender and education differences were detected. The findings imply that child marriage-prevention programs should diversify information channels, reinforce perceived advantages of delayed marriage, and adopt a social influence perspective. PMID:24161097
Comunicaçăo Comunitária: uma disciplina de formaçăo sociopolítica e de intervençăo social / Community Communication: discipline training sociopolitical and social intervention / Comunicación Comunitaria: una disciplina de formación sociopolítica y intervención social
Scientific Electronic Library Online (English)
Rozinaldo Antonio, Miani.
Full Text Available A disciplina Comunicaçăo Comunitária ofertada para as habilitaçőes de Jornalismo e de Relaçőes Públicas do curso de Comunicaçăo Social da Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL/PR) tem representado para os estudantes de graduaçăo na área um dos mais importantes espaços de formaçăo sociopolítica, bem [...] como a possibilidade de produçăo de uma experięncia de intervençăo social. Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar a experięncia de oferta da referida disciplina, considerando a necessidade da ampliaçăo de espaços de reflexăo e de discussăo política a respeito do papel da Universidade e sobre o compromisso do profissional com a sociedade, a partir de algumas reflexőes baseadas em Paulo Freire e Antonio Gramsci. Por meio de uma breve análise do conteúdo programático da disciplina e do relato de algumas experięncias, com a realizaçăo de projetos de intervençăo social desenvolvidos no contexto da disciplina, observa-se uma qualificaçăo política no processo de formaçăo acadęmica, na perspectiva de constituiçăo de um sujeito social crítico e emancipado. Abstract in spanish La disciplina Comunicación Comunitaria que se ofrece a las calificaciones de Periodismo y Relaciones Públicas del curso de Comunicación Social de la Universidad Estatal de Londrina (UEL/PR) ha representado a los estudiantes graduados en el área una de las zonas más importantes de la formación sociop [...] olítica, así como la posibilidad de producir una experiencia de intervención social. Este artículo tiene como objetivo analizar la experiencia de suministro de tal disciplina, teniendo en cuenta la necesidad de aumentar los espacios para la reflexión y el debate político sobre el papel de la universidad y en el compromiso del profesional con la sociedad, a partir de algunas reflexiones basadas en Paulo Freire y Antonio Gramsci. A través de un breve análisis del programa de la materia y el relato de algunas experięncias, con la realización de proyectos de intervención social desarrollados en el contexto de la disciplina, observamos una calificación política del proceso de aprendizaje académico, en la perspectiva de constitución de un sujeto social crítico y emancipado. Abstract in english The discipline Community Communication offered to the qualifications of Journalism and Public Relations course in Social Communication from the State University of Londrina (UEL/PR) has represented to graduate students in the area one of the most important areas of sociopolitical formation, as well [...] the possibility of producing a social experience intervention. This article aims to analyze the experience of supply of such discipline, considering the need of increasing spaces for reflection and political discussion about the role of the university and on the professional's commitment to society, from some reflections based on Paulo Freire and Antonio Gramsci. Through a brief analysis of the syllabus of the subject and the reporting of some experiences, with the realization of social intervention projects developed in the context of the discipline, there is a political qualification of the academic learning process, in view of the constitution of a subject social critic and emancipated.
A Follow-up study of children's communicative development : associations to social-emotional and behavioural problems and competences and experienced maternal stress
Haapsamo, Helena
Abstract The aim of this study was to follow 8 to 36- month old children's communicative development and its' associations with social-emotional skills (the Brief Infant Toddler Social-Emotional Assessment, BITSEA) and behavioural problems. This study is the first study using the Finnish version of the BITSEA. A total of 50 children participated in the Oulu region (first phases at year 2006 and 2007). At the age of 8 months (at year 2006, n = 31), child participants were grouped ...
A. Petrilli
The organisation of the Open Days at the end of September was the single biggest effort of the CMS Communications Group this year. We would like to thank all volunteers for their hard work to show our Point 5 facilities and explain science and technology to the general public. During two days more than 5,000 people visited the CMS detector underground and profited from the surface activities, which included an exhibition on CMS, a workshop on superconductivity, and an activity for our younger visitors involving wooden Kapla blocks. The Communications Group took advantage of the preparations to produce new CMS posters that can be reused at other venues. Event display images have been produced not just for this occasion but also for other exhibits, education purposes, publications etc. During the Open Days, Gilles Jobin, 2012 winner of CERN Collide@CERN prize, performed his Quantum show in Point 5, with the light installation of German artist Julius von Bismarck. Image 3: CERN Open Days at CMS wel...
L. Taylor and D. Barney
CMS Centres, Outreach and the 7 TeV Media Event The new CMS Communications group is now established and is addressing three areas that are critical to CMS as it enters the physics operations phase: - Communications Infrastructure, including almost 50 CMS Centres Worldwide, videoconferencing systems, and CERN meeting rooms - Information systems, including the internal and external Web sites as well as the document preparation and management systems - Outreach and Education activities, including working with print, radio and TV media, visits to CMS, and exhibitions. The group has been active in many areas, with the highest priority being accorded to needs of CMS operations and preparations for the major media event planned for 7 TeV collisions. Unfortunately the CMS Centre@CERN suffered a major setback when, on 21st December, a cooling water pipe froze and burst on the floor above the CMS Centre main room. Water poured through the ceiling, flooding the floor and soaking some of the consoles, before e...
A Communicative Innovational Change for Counselor Training Programs: A Social Systems View.
Hugenberg, Lawrence W.
In discussing the complex aspects of innovational change in counselor education programs, this paper advances two major arguments: (1) that the communication skills possessed by counselors determine the eventual success or failure of the counseling relationship, and (2) that interdisciplinary approaches to innovational change for counselor…
Linking environmental risk assessment and communication: An experiment in co-evolving scientific and social knowledge
Graffy, E.A.; Booth, N.L.
Dissemination of information to decision-makers and enhanced methods of public participation are often put forward as antidotes to a perceived disconnect between risk assessment and risk communication in the public domain. However, mechanisms that support both the provision of routine, timely and relevant technical knowledge to the public and meaningful opportunities for public participation in the evaluation and management of risk are few. We argue for the need to re-conceptualise the institutional context in which risk research and communication occur as one in which scientific knowledge and public understanding are co-evolutionary instead of independent or sequential. Here, we report on an experiment to promote coevolution of environmental risk assessment and risk communication through the instrumental use of a web-based platform that dynamically links expert and public discourses through common information sources, linked scenario evaluations, and opportunities for iterative dialogue. On the basis of technical feasibility, research value and public communication capacity, we conclude that there is potential for further refinement of the methodologies presented here. Copyright ?? 2008 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.
Communication between Children with Deafness, Blindness and Deafblindness and Their Social Partners: An Intersubjective Developmental Perspective
Damen, Saskia; Janssen, Marleen J.; Ruijssenaars, Wied A. J. J. M.; Schuengel, Carlo
Trevarthen's theory of innate intersubjectivity is relevant to understanding communication problems in children with sensory disabilities. Trevarthen and Aitken used the term "intersubjectivity" to describe "the ability of humans to detect and change each other's minds and behavior". When children lack auditory and/or visual…
Family Health History Communication Networks of Older Adults: Importance of Social Relationships and Disease Perceptions
Ashida, Sato; Kaphingst, Kimberly A.; Goodman, Melody; Schafer, Ellen J.
Older individuals play a critical role in disseminating family health history (FHH) information that can facilitate disease prevention among younger family members. This study evaluated the characteristics of older adults and their familial networks associated with two types of communication ("have shared" and "intend to share…
Social communication of predator-induced changes in Drosophila behavior and germ line physiology.
Kacsoh, Balint Z; Bozler, Julianna; Ramaswami, Mani; Bosco, Giovanni
Behavioral adaptation to environmental threats and subsequent social transmission of adaptive behavior has evolutionary implications. In Drosophila, exposure to parasitoid wasps leads to a sharp decline in oviposition. We show that exposure to predator elicits both an acute and learned oviposition depression, mediated through the visual system. However, long-term persistence of oviposition depression after predator removal requires neuronal signaling functions, a functional mushroom body, and neurally driven apoptosis of oocytes through effector caspases. Strikingly, wasp-exposed flies (teachers) can transmit egg-retention behavior and trigger ovarian apoptosis in naive, unexposed flies (students). Acquisition and behavioral execution of this socially learned behavior by naive flies requires all of the factors needed for primary learning. The ability to teach does not require ovarian apoptosis. This work provides new insight into genetic and physiological mechanisms that underlie an ecologically relevant form of learning and mechanisms for its social transmission. PMID:25970035
Circuit considerations for repetitive railguns
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Honih, E.M.
Railgun electromagnetic launchers have significant military and scientific potential. They provide direct conversion of electrical energy to projectile kinetic energy, and they offer the hope of achieving projectile velocities greatly exceeding the limits of conventional guns. With over 10 km/sec already demonstrated, railguns are attracting attention for tactical and strategic weapons systems and for scientific equation-of-state research. The full utilization of railguns will require significant improvements in every aspect of system design - projectile, barrel, and power source - to achieve operation on a large scale. This paper will review fundamental aspects of railguns, with emphasis on circuit considerations and repetitive operation.
The role of social communication networks in implementing educational innovations in healthcare
Jippes, Erik
Hoe kan men effectief en efficiënt een gemoderniseerd competentiegericht curriculum voor de medisch specialistische vervolgopleidingen ontwerpen? En vervolgens implementeren? Het onderzoek van Erik Jippes richt zich op deze vragen, waarbij specifiek gekeken werd naar de rol van sociale netwerken in dit implementatieproces. Onderwerp van studie waren ook de bevorderende en belemmerende factoren voor het implementatieproces van een competentiegericht curriculum voor de medisch specialistische ...
Ethics: A Bridge for Studying the Social Contexts of Professional Communication.
Speck, Bruce W.
Describes a method for helping students evaluate ethical issues in a systematic way, based on Lawrence Kohlberg's stages of moral development. Recommends the case-study approach for creating social constructs in which students face ethical dilemmas, and outlines a case-study ethics unit using Kohlberg's model. (MM)
Parenting Across the Social Ecology Facilitated by Information and Communications Technology: Implications for Research and Educational Design
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Susan K. Walker
Full Text Available To inform parenting research and aid educators seeking to deliver programs that support effective parenting, this study explored types of information and communications technology (ICT used to fulfill childrearing goals. Mothers' (N = 1,804 reports of ICT activity frequency were examined from data collected from an online survey. Results suggest that mothers' ICT use for parenting is less frequent than general use in adulthood. Mothers employ ICT to fulfill parenting goals within and across five domains of the parenting social ecology: (a parent development, (b parent-child relationships, (c child development, (d, family development, and (e culture and community. Several types of ICT activities may strengthen parenting in a single domain, and a single ICT activity may help fulfill multiple domains. Implications for research and for promoting and selecting ICT for effective parent learning and education design are discussed.
Opening the CSR Discourse for Critical Stakeholders in Social Media : When Official CSR Communication and Stakeholder Critique Interfere
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Etter, Michael
This study examines how a contested fast food chain in the middle of on-going image transformation efforts opens the distorted discourse about CSR with a social media campaign and enables the interference of official corporate communication and stakeholder critique. The study examines how the company closes the CSR discourse and re-establishes the distorted discourse through various closing moves. Furthermore the study shows how the corporation resolves substantial and unsubstantial accusations by turning them into discursive resources and publicly frames neutralisation and denial of critique as a transparency campaign. Therewith the company is able to co-opt its critical consumers, address long-lasting critique and at the same time emphasis the commitment to its new values.
Principles of non-verbal communication in efforts to reduce peer and social pressure.
Duryea, E J
Nonverbal communication literature contains salient and pragmatic principles relevant to peer pressure refusal components in school health education curricula. Yet, this literature has not been analyzed or integrated into health education interventions. Basic nonverbal components that could be applied to peer pressure resistance programs, such as gaze (eye behavior), stance and proxemics (space), gesture and emblems, and facial expression, are reviewed. Assertiveness literature and nonverbal communication also are summarized. Selected nonverbal resistance strategies are proposed for future peer pressure reduction efforts. A distinction is made between peer "pressure" conceptualized as nonverbal and peer "persuasion" viewed as verbal. Recommendations to incorporate relevant nonverbal concepts into the peer "pressure" components of school health education curricula are proposed. PMID:2027295
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Alfredo Falero Cirigliano
Full Text Available El artículo parte de considerar al neoliberalismo y su cristalización en América Latina como un patrón de poder regional, esto es, un formato específico de acumulación dentro de la reproducción polarizante centro-periferia. Desde este ángulo, se aborda la expansión y naturalización de prácticas sociales mercantilizadas a partir de dos ejes: el de la construcción ideológica y su relación con la política económica, y el de la subjetividad social. Finalmente, se examinan dos escenarios potenciales en la coyuntura actual: el de un neoliberalismo con "rostro humano" o, alternativamente, el de ampliación de grietas sociales hacia la conformación de otro patrón de poder.
Communication Patterns Within Social Networks: A Case Study of Australian Women
Orit Ben-Harush
Based on the perception that "individual bonds to one another is the essence of society" (Fischer, 1982a, p. 2), this paper examines contemporary networks of friends: friendworks, of adult women in an Australian sea change community. Communication patterns are examined drawing on findings from a case study of 26 women aged 35-76 years. Among the case study participants, many have undertaken a 'sea change' as adults, which in most cases has led to a significant reconstruction of their ...
CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY COMMUNICATION from a NETWORK PERSPECTIVE : A Case Study of Peab AB
Chuikina, Viktoriya; Ekberg-Tamminen, Sari
Problem Description: Since there are recognized similarities in the construction industry between relationship building and strategic CSR engaging thus managing and communicating CSR should be evaluated from the industrial network perspective. Close interaction between stakeholders and implemented strategic CSR facilitate to perform successfully and remain competitive when facing challenges in modern construction industry. Peab AB was chosen for the research as one of the leading construction...
CityVille: collaborative game play, communication and skill development in social networks
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María-Esther Del-Moral Pérez
Full Text Available This paper has as its aim to analyze how CityVille, a videogame hosted on Facebook and oriented to the construction of a virtual city, can favor collaboration between gamers along with the exchange of strategies, equally contributing to learning transfer and skill acquisition. The first step consists in identifying the opportunities which the said game can offer in order to develop skills and promote learning formats linked with planning and resource management, after which a presentation is made of the opinions expressed by a sample of gamers (N=105 –belonging to the Fans-CityVille community– about the priorities established by them to communicate with their neighbors and the skills that they believe to have acquired playing this game. 85.7% of them state that they communicate with others to share strategies and expand their city. Unlike women, who value collaboration, men prioritize competition. Designing their city has enhanced a number of gamer skills in different proportions: creative skills (71.4%; organizational ones (68.0%; skills associated with decision-making and problem-solving (67.0%; and interpersonal skills through interaction with others (61.9%. The CityVille game mode favors skill development and helps to create a ludic atmosphere of collaboration and optimal strategy exchange through communication between neighbors by strengthening their mutual relationships. Its formula moves away from the often-criticized competitive practices of other games.
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Evgeny Viktorovich Reutov
Full Text Available Goal: To detect the state of communications between municipal authorities and the population; to devise recommendations on creating public information system to improve communications between municipal authorities and the population.Methods: The study is based on the results of opinion poll 'Information Needs of the Population of Gubkinskiy Urban District' conducted in Gubkinskiy urban district in 2010, which included:- a questionnaire survey (a representative sample, based on three criteria – type of settlement, sex, age, n=600 of respondents, standard sampling error did not exceed 4.5%;- a survey of experts (the group of experts included municipal employees, who work with public information system, n=50 respondents.Results: The author suggests a model of public information system for managing a municipal entity and improving communications between the authorities and the population.Scope of application: The results can be used by analytical subdivisions of local authority departments; in special-purpose programmes to improve public information systems of municipal government; in designing academic courses for university students majoring in State and Municipal Management.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/2218-7405-2013-8-39
An Analysis of the Effects of Communication Skills Training Provided to the Mothers of Six-Year-Old Children on the Social Skills of Children
Erbay, Filiz; Arslan, Emel; Cagdas, Aysel
This study aims to analyze the effects of communication skills training program provided to the mothers on the social skills of their children. The study uses pre- and post- tests control group design. Experiment and control groups consisted of a total of 30 six-year-old children who were enrolled in nursery school. Experiment group consisted of…
"Do We Make Ourselves Clear?" Developing a Social, Emotional and Behavioural Difficulties (SEBD) Support Service's Effectiveness in Detecting and Supporting Children Experiencing Speech, Language and Communication Difficulties (SLCD)
Stiles, Matthew
Research has identified a significant relationship between social, emotional and behavioural difficulties (SEBD) and speech, language and communication difficulties (SLCD). However, little has been published regarding the levels of knowledge and skill that practitioners working with pupils experiencing SEBD have in this important area, nor how…
Early Predictors of Language and Social Communication Impairments at Ages 9-11 Years: A Follow-up Study of Early-Referred Children
Chiat, Shula; Roy, Penny
Purpose: In this study, the authors aimed to evaluate hypotheses that early sociocognition will predict later social communication and early phonology will predict later morphosyntax in clinically referred preschoolers. Method: Participants were 108 children ages 9-11 years who had been referred to clinical services with concerns about language at…
Observation of Classroom Social Communication: Do Children with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders Spend Their Time Differently than Their Typically Developing Peers?
Olswang, Lesley B.; Svensson, Liselotte; Astley, Susan
Purpose: In this research, the authors examined how social communication profiles during classroom activities differed between children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) and typically developing pair-matched peers. Method: Twelve pairs of children were observed in their classrooms 20 min a day for 4 days across 2 weeks. Coders…
The Role of Supported Joint Engagement and Parent Utterances in Language and Social Communication Development in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Bottema-Beutel, Kristen; Yoder, Paul J.; Hochman, Julia M.; Watson, Linda R.
This study examined associations between three parent-child engagement states and social communication, expressive language, and receptive language at 8 month follow-up, in 63 preschool-age children with autism spectrum disorder. We extend the literature on supported joint engagement by dividing this state into higher order (HSJE) and lower order…
Commentary: Glass Half Full or Half Empty? Testing Social Communication Interventions for Young Children with Autism--Reflections on Landa, Holman, O'Neill, and Stuart (2011)
Charman, Tony
Impairments in social communication are the core diagnostic features of autism spectrum disorders (ASD). In the past two decades findings from important clinical research studies have translated into improvements in understanding and practice, for example leading to a reduction in the age at which autism is commonly first recognised and diagnosed…
The Contributions of Parenting to Social Competencies and Positive Values in Middle School Youth: Positive Family Communication, Maintaining Standards, and Supportive Family Relationships
Hillaker, Barbara D.; Brophy-Herb, Holly E.; Villarruel, Francisco A.; Haas, Bruce E.
Three aspects of parenting, positive family communication, facilitation of supportive family relationships, and maintenance of standards in the family, were examined as predictors of positive values and social competencies in sixth- (n = 1,453), seventh- (n = 3,732), and eighth- (n = 4,474) grade youth. Hierarchical regression analyses indicated…
Social communication network analysis of the role of participatory research in the adoption of new fish consumption behaviors.
Mertens, Frédéric; Saint-Charles, Johanne; Mergler, Donna
The formulation and communication of fish advisories are highly complex because of the potential conflict between the nutritional and toxicological issues associated with fish consumption. Government and organization-sponsored fish advisories have had limited success in changing behaviors. Participatory approaches may enhance the understanding of complex issues and the adoption of new behaviors. Here we used social network analysis to investigate the adoption of dietary changes within the context of a community participatory research project. In the Brazilian Amazon, many communities are highly exposed to methylmercury from fish consumption. A participatory intervention based on dietary changes aimed at reducing methylmercury exposure while maintaining fish consumption was initiated in 1995. In 2001, we collected data on individual participation in the research, on the discussion network regarding mercury issues and on changes in fish consumption from 96 of the 110 village households. More than half of men and women had adopted new fish consumption behavior to reduce mercury exposure. Adoption was associated with participation in the research project for both women and men, and with a higher number of discussion partners about mercury issues for women. Adoption was likewise associated with the presence of a female communication partner in the personal networks of both men and women. At the household level, men and women who considered their spouse as a discussion partner were more likely to adopt than those who did not. Opinion le]adership was associated with change in fish consumption only for women. We discuss the contribution of community participation and communication networks to overcome the difficulties in generating complex messages that take into account both health benefits and risks of fish consumption. We also discuss the relevance of building preventive health programs based on participatory research approaches and the roles and relations specific to men and women. PMID:22172976
Bonelle, G. J.
Communications in any system is one of the last technologies to be considered, and sometimes it is considered too late to impact the system. This was somewhat the impression on reviewing the NASA budget for two mission scenarios for the space station. However, that budget fortunately was well spent, and the money was spent to get the most benefit per dollar. Another thing that is very often forgotten is that technology is not produced in a vacuum. In fact, in conducting independent research and development (IR&D), the first phase is to define the requirements which must be time phased, becuase very often the conditions will change during the life of the system. From the requirements, a set of architectures that are at least representative of that era are produced. If the exact requirements were not established, at least boundaries are set on the requirements for that architecture. When this is completed, then the technology that is really needed is defined. The major criticism of the work that was presented to the panel is the lack of a firm set of requirements.
A role for ultrasonic vocalisation in social communication and divergence of natural populations of the house mouse (Mus musculus domesticus).
von Merten, Sophie; Hoier, Svenja; Pfeifle, Christine; Tautz, Diethard
It has long been known that rodents emit signals in the ultrasonic range, but their role in social communication and mating is still under active exploration. While inbred strains of house mice have emerged as a favourite model to study ultrasonic vocalisation (USV) patterns, studies in wild animals and natural situations are still rare. We focus here on two wild derived mouse populations. We recorded them in dyadic encounters for extended periods of time to assess possible roles of USVs and their divergence between allopatric populations. We have analysed song frequency and duration, as well as spectral features of songs and syllables. We show that the populations have indeed diverged in several of these aspects and that USV patterns emitted in a mating context differ from those emitted in same sex encounters. We find that females vocalize not less, in encounters with another female even more than males. This implies that the current focus of USVs being emitted mainly by males within the mating context needs to be reconsidered. Using a statistical syntax analysis we find complex temporal sequencing patterns that could suggest that the syntax conveys meaningful information to the receivers. We conclude that wild mice use USV for complex social interactions and that USV patterns can diverge fast between populations. PMID:24816836
Social marketing-based communications to integrate and support the HEALTHY study intervention
Debar, Ll; Schneider, M.; Ford, Eg; Hernandez, Ae; Showell, B.; Drews, Kl; Moe, El; Gillis, B.; Jessup, An; Stadler, Dd; White, M
The HEALTHY study was a randomized, controlled, multicenter, middle school-based, multifaceted intervention designed to reduce risk factors for the development of type 2 diabetes. The study randomized 42 middle schools to intervention or control, and followed students from the sixth to the eighth grades. Participants were a racially, ethnically and geographically diverse cohort from across the United States. Here, we describe the conceptual underpinnings and design of the social marketing-bas...
Verbal play as a discourse resource in the social interactions of older and younger communication pairs
Shune, Samantha; Duff, Melissa Collins
Verbal play, or the playful manipulation of elements of language, is a pervasive component of social interaction, serving important interpersonal functions. We analyzed verbal play in the interactional discourse of ten healthy younger pairs and ten healthy older pairs as they completed a collaborative referencing task. A total of 1,893 verbal play episodes were coded. While there were no group differences in verbal play frequency, age-related differences in the quality and function of these e...
The understanding of management through entrepreneurship in the degree of Social Communication
Bucha, Agostinho
Nowadays, entrepreneurship is a present and active subject in the different societies where the difference lies in the levels attained, namely the social, economical, cultural and political ones. In the more developed societies, entrepreneurship is not only a business concept, but also a concept of life, in so far as it is part of a group of changes that lead on to the building of a certain development that cannot be attained at any price, but should be sustainable, that is,...
Social change communication: a panacea for HIV and AIDS?-An outlook of a program
Gopal, Rajesh
Abstract. For about three decades of the pandemic of HIV and AIDS, need for an effective response has been felt very strongly. Human behavior being complex; widespread behavior changes are challenging to achieve. Understanding of the dynamics of HIV transmission cannot be separated from an understanding of the broader context of poverty, inequality and social exclusion which create conditions under which unsafe behavior flourishes HIV/AIDS is not a mere health issue: its occurrence is influ...
Social networks improve leaderless group navigation by facilitating long-distance communication
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Nikolai W. F. BODE, A. Jamie WOOD, Daniel W. FRANKS
Full Text Available Group navigation is of great importance for many animals, such as migrating flocks of birds or shoals of fish. One theory states that group membership can improve navigational accuracy compared to limited or less accurate individual navigational ability in groups without leaders ("Many-wrongs principle". Here, we simulate leaderless group navigation that includes social connections as preferential interactions between individuals. Our results suggest that underlying social networks can reduce navigational errors of groups and increase group cohesion. We use network summary statistics, in particular network motifs, to study which characteristics of networks lead to these improvements. It is networks in which preferences between individuals are not clustered, but spread evenly across the group that are advantageous in group navigation by effectively enhancing long-distance information exchange within groups. We suggest that our work predicts a base-line for the type of social structure we might expect to find in group-living animals that navigate without leaders [Current Zoology 58 (2: 329-341, 2012].
SSWP: A Social Semantic Web Portal for Effective Communication in Construction
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Jinyue Zhang
Full Text Available In the construction industry, there is a pressing need for computer systems that will facilitate information exchange and knowledge sharing among all industry practitioners. The Social Semantic Web Portal (SSWP proposed in this paper will accomplish three tasks: (1 the streamlining of information exchange about any individual project, (2 the encouragement of knowledge sharing in general, and (3 the virtual grouping of people with similar interests to form communities of practice. A domain ontology is developed in order to encapsulate knowledge about industrial actors and their roles in relation to sibling ontologies that conceptualize construction products and processes. This domain ontology is then tailored to be the cornerstone (the knowledge base that will enable the semantics of Web services. The concept of the Social Web is employed to validate knowledge items and to connect users with similar interests. The information flow is realized through a content-based publish/subscribe system. The SSWP will semantically connect a user with knowledge items and socially link a user to his/her peers.
Does Facebook promote self-interest? Enactment of indiscriminate one-to-many communication on online social networking sites decreases prosocial behavior.
Chiou, Wen-Bin; Chen, Szu-Wei; Liao, Da-Chi
Abstract Communication tools on social networking sites (SNSs) provide users with an efficient way to distribute information to the public and/or their friends simultaneously. In this article, we show that this kind of indiscriminate one-to-many (i.e., monologue) communication, in which the diverse interests of recipients are not considered, may induce a tendency toward egocentrism that interferes with other-oriented concerns, resulting in a reduced inclination to display prosocial behavior. In Experiment 1, participants induced to post a public communication subsequently allocated less money to anonymous strangers in the dictator game than did control participants. In Experiment 2, participants directing a post about participation in an experiment to their Facebook friends volunteered to help code fewer data sheets than did controls. Moreover, an egocentric state was shown to mediate the relationship between indiscriminate one-to-many communication and helping behavior. We provide the first demonstration that indiscriminate one-to-many communication on online social networks may be associated with a tendency toward self-interest. Our results suggest that the prevalence of monologue communication on SNSs may induce an egocentric tendency that undermines the likelihood of prosocial behavior. PMID:24102570
Coping, social relations, and communication: A qualitative exploratory study of children of parents with cancer
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Thastum, Mikael; Johansen, Mikael Birkelund
The purpose of this qualitative study of families where a parent has cancer was to explore ways of informing the child of the parent's illness, how the child perceives the parent's emotional state, how the child copes with the parent's illness, and how this coping relates to the parent's coping and concerns for the child. Twenty-one children from 15 families and their parents were interviewed. In 13 families the mother was ill, in two the father. Children were aware of the facts of the illness, but there was limited emotional communication between the generations. The children were very observant of both the ill and the healthy parent's emotional condition. The children's observations and expressions led us to identify five coping strategies the younger generation used: Helping others, parentification, distraction, keeping it in the head, and wishful thinking. Both adaptive and destructive examples of parentification were found. Communication patterns and parental coping seemed to be highly related to the child's coping repertoire. Even though most children seemed to manage rather well, all children were strongly affected by the illness. The 'healthiest' adaptation related to factors within the family system, which has implications for the provision of help.
Simpler ISS Flight Control Communications and Log Keeping via Social Tools and Techniques
Scott, David W.; Cowart, Hugh; Stevens, Dan
The heart of flight operations control involves a) communicating effectively in real time with other controllers in the room and/or in remote locations and b) tracking significant events, decisions, and rationale to support the next set of decisions, provide a thorough shift handover, and troubleshoot/improve operations. International Space Station (ISS) flight controllers speak with each other via multiple voice circuits or loops, each with a particular purpose and constituency. Controllers monitor and/or respond to several loops concurrently. The primary tracking tools are console logs, typically kept by a single operator and not visible to others in real-time. Information from telemetry, commanding, and planning systems also plays into decision-making. Email is very secondary/tertiary due to timing and archival considerations. Voice communications and log entries supporting ISS operations have increased by orders of magnitude because the number of control centers, flight crew, and payload operations have grown. This paper explores three developmental ground system concepts under development at Johnson Space Center s (JSC) Mission Control Center Houston (MCC-H) and Marshall Space Flight Center s (MSFC) Payload Operations Integration Center (POIC). These concepts could reduce ISS control center voice traffic and console logging yet increase the efficiency and effectiveness of both. The goal of this paper is to kindle further discussion, exploration, and tool development.
Consumers and Corporate Social Responsibility Communication: What do they really want?
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Schmeltz, Line
This paper discusses whether corporations pursuing a CSR strategy are successfully addressing consumers' needs and desires. As is often noted, CSR initiatives are not easily presented to consumers, but little research has, however, been conducted to explain the exact rhetorical nature of this challenge. In fact, it appears that large corporations are experiencing considerable difficulty in selecting efficient CSR strategies and also the subsequent rhetoric for addressing, in particular, the consumer segment (Sen & Bhattacharya, 2001), In other words, there could be a disparity in the relationship between production and reception of CSR communication aimed at consumers waiting to be explored. As a first step towards understanding this mismatch, this project conducts a consumer survey. The focus of the paper will thus be on the design and development of a survey intended to uncover consumers' general attitudes to CSR, the categories of responsibilities they see as most important (following Carroll's pyramid of responsibilities as illustrated in Ramasamy & Yeung, 2008), initiatives preferred (Kotler & Lee) and whether they pay any attention to CSR communication at all. The issue of sampling of informants will also be discussed in the paper
Not all repetition is alike: Different benefits of repetition in amnesia and normal memory
Verfaellie, Mieke; Rajaram, Suparna; Fossum, Karen; Williams, Lisa
While it is well known that repetition can enhance memory in amnesia, little is known about which forms of repetition are most beneficial. This study compared the effect on recognition memory of repetition of words in the same semantic context and in varied semantic contexts. To gain insight into the mechanisms by which these forms of repetition affect performance, participants were asked to make Remember/Know judgments during recognition. These judgments were used to make inferences about th...
Communication of Social Agents and the Digital City - A Semiotic Perspective
Kryssanov, V V; Kakusho, K; Minoh, M; Kryssanov, Victor V.; Okabe, Masayuki; Kakusho, Koh; Minoh, Michihiko
This paper investigates the concept of digital city. First, a functional analysis of a digital city is made in the light of the modern study of urbanism; similarities between the virtual and urban constructions are pointed out. Next, a semiotic perspective on the subject matter is elaborated, and a terminological basis is introduced to treat a digital city as a self-organizing meaning-producing system intended to support social or spatial navigation. An explicit definition of a digital city is formulated. Finally, the proposed approach is discussed, conclusions are given, and future work is outlined.
Usability, Communicability and Cultural Tourism in Interactive Systems: Trends, Economic Effects and Social Impact
Cipolla Ficarra, Francisco V.; Nicol, Emma; Cipolla-Ficarra, Miguel
We have developed a set of techniques and an analysis methodology aimed at boosting the quality of interactive tourism systems. The details of it will be presented in full and with real examples which have yielded interesting results in the last few years, both from the social and economical point of view, but with a huge wealth of cultural and natural heritage. We will also present a first guidelines to foster tourism in those villages that are willing to promote themselves in the national and international market at a low cost.
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Roberto P. Guimar\\u00E3es
Full Text Available El desafío más importante que enfrenta la humanidad en el nuevo milenio está puesto en la calidad del crecimiento económico (i.e., el aumento en los niveles de bienestar social y la reducción de desigualdades socioeconómicas, mucho más que su cantidad (i.e., el simple incremento del producto y de la riqueza económica. Desigualdades sociales, políticas y ambientales, particularmente la pobreza y la ausencia de oportunidades y de acceso a los recursos, contribuye a la desintegración social y es una de las principales causas de la insostenibilidad ambiental de los modelos y de las prácticas actuales de desarrollo. Muchos individuos y grupos permanecen en la pobreza, enfrentados a la privación social y económica y excluidos del proceso político, mientras que los sistemas de poder favorecen una minoría, refuerzan las desigualdades y desalientan la integración social. Asimismo, mientras la homogeneización creciente de los patrones de consumo y de producción provocada por la globalización está mejorando lentamente la calidad de la vida para muchos, el incremento excesivo del consumo, y del consumo insostenible, provoca presiones severas sobre la base de recursos naturales y aumenta las desigualdades distributivas, las cuales son a la vez traspasadas también a las siguientes generaciones. El análisis a continuación explora las dimensiones sociales que dificultan la emergencia de un desarrollo sostenible en muchas partes del mundo, en especial el aumento de las desigualdades económicas y no-económicas en la última década. Íntimamente relacionado a este tema, el ensayo trata de identificar los mecanismos de transmisión de tales desigualdades en un contexto de globalización asimétrica, particularmente los relacionados con el régimen internacional de comercio.
Comunicar la responsabilidad social, una opción de éxito empresarial poco explorada / Communicating social responsibility, an option of corporative success to be explored in more detail / Comunicar a responsabilidade social, uma opçăo de sucesso empresarial pouco explorada
Scientific Electronic Library Online (English)
Esther Julia, Castańo González.
Full Text Available O presente escrito propőe um trabalho mancomunado entre a comunicaçăo organizacional e a responsabilidade social empresarial năo como panaceia ou resposta definitiva a todas as dificuldades, mas sim como uma opçăo de sucesso organizacional que se enfoca em primeira medida no reforço dos processos in [...] ternos com o fim de que isto se projete para o exterior. Para contextualizar isto se faz um percurso pelas diferentes situaçőes que deveram ultrapassar as organizaçőes já que a projeçăo para o exterior entendida como competitividade obrigou ŕs empresas a realizar mudanças em sua produtividade e, portanto nos processos internos; implacáveis mudanças e exigęncias do mercado que se vęm dando desde faz já várias décadas mas que ainda referem esforços e geram dificuldades. A proposta sugere que năo é suficiente fazer responsabilidade social empresarial, é necessário comunicá-la, mas năo somente para o exterior como foi costume até hoje, é vital integrar ao público interno primeiro que tudo, contando com que isto atrai um inumerável de benefícios que văo além da produtividade, como o sentido de pertence, o compromisso, a motivaçăo, a satisfaçăo no cargo e o trabalho em equipe, entre outros. Abstract in spanish El presente escrito propone un trabajo mancomunado entre la comunicación organizacional y la responsabilidad social empresarial no como panacea o respuesta definitiva a todas las dificultades pero sí como una opción de éxito organizacional que se enfoca en primera medida en el refuerzo de los proces [...] os internos con el fin de que esto se proyecte hacia el exterior. Para contextualizar esto se hace un recorrido por las diferentes situaciones que han debido sobrepasar las organizaciones ya que la proyección hacia el exterior entendida como competitividad, ha obligado a las empresas a realizar cambios en su productividad y por ende en los procesos internos; implacables cambios y exigencias del mercado que se vienen dando desde hace ya varias décadas pero que aún refieren esfuerzos y generan dificultades. El planteamiento sugiere que no es suficiente hacer responsabilidad social empresarial, es necesario comunicarla, pero no solamente hacia el exterior como ha sido costumbre hasta hoy, es vital integrar al público interno primero que todo, contando con que esto atrae un sinnúmero de beneficios que van más allá de la productividad, como el sentido de pertenencia, el compromiso, la motivación, la satisfacción en el cargo y el trabajo en equipo, entre otros. Abstract in english This paper proposes a join work between organizational communication and social responsibility no as a panacea or a definite response to all the difficulties, but as an option of organizational success primarily focused on the reinforcement of internal processes and projecting that success externall [...] y. In order to give this idea an appropriate context, a journey going through the variety of situations that have had to be surpassed by organizations, given the fact that the external projection understood as competitiveness has made companies make changes in their productivity and, therefore, in their internal processes. Those changes and demands of the market have been taking place during the last decades and still require efforts and bring difficulties. The proposal suggests that it is not enough to make social responsibility. It has to be communicated and that communication must not be only external, as it has been so far, but internal, involving those stakeholders who are inside the organization, as a priority. This brings a priceless number of benefits that go beyond productivity such as sense of belonging, commitment, motivation, satisfaction and teamwork, among others.
Parallel Repetition of Free Entangled Games: Simplification and Improvements
Chailloux, André; Scarpa, Giannicola
In a two-player game, two cooperating but non communicating players, Alice and Bob, receive inputs taken from a probability distribution. Each of them produces an output and they win the game if they satisfy some predicate on their inputs/outputs. The entangled value $\\omega^*(G)$ of a game $G$ is the maximum probability that Alice and Bob can win the game if they are allowed to share an entangled state prior to receiving their inputs. The $n$-fold parallel repetition $G^n...
Strate, Simon Wolter; Loznica, Javor; Nćrland, Kristoffer; Skipper, Mads Christian; Jensen, Charlotte Haagen
This project focuses on the oil company, Shell, and their way of conducting themselves on social media sites, specifically Facebook and twitter. We establish this by using social media theory, and corporate campaign theories, and applying these to the content that Shell puts out on these particular social media sites. Furthermore, the project establishes a critical evaluation of the weight and presence of social media within modern corporate communication and issue management.
Scientific Communication and Cognitive Codification: Social Systems Theory and the Sociology of Scientific Knowledge
Leydesdorff, Loet
The intellectual organization of the sciences cannot be appreciated sufficiently unless the cognitive dimension is considered as an independent source of variance. Cognitive structures interact and co-construct the organization of scholars and discourses into research programs, specialties, and disciplines. In the sociology of scientific knowledge and the sociology of translation, these heterogeneous sources of variance have been homogenized a priori in the concepts of practices and actor-networks. Practices and actor-networks, however, can be explained in terms of the self-organization of the cognitive code in scientific communication. The code selects knowledge claims by organizing them operationally in the various discourses; the claims can thus be stabilized and potentially globalized. Both the selecting codes and the variation in the knowledge claims remain constructed, but the different sub-dynamics can be expected to operate asymmetrically and to update with other frequencies.
On maximal repetitions of arbitrary exponent
Kolpakov, Roman; Kucherov, Gregory; Ochem, Pascal
The first two authors have shown [KK99,KK00] that the sum the exponent (and thus the number) of maximal repetitions of exponent at least 2 (also called runs) is linear in the length of the word. The exponent 2 in the definition of a run may seem arbitrary. In this paper, we consider maximal repetitions of exponent strictly greater than 1.
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
This paper deals with risk communication, understood as the exchange of knowledge and opinions between various actors involved in risk management. Because of new risks created by man's scientific and technological ingenuity, risk communication attains ever wider social functions, involving an increasing number of people. The tasks for risk communication often reflect conflicting perspectives and interests of the communicating parties. The author stresses the importance of communication quality, i.e. its adequacy, understandability and credibility. Risk communication has to cope with problems such as the discrepancy between the perspectives of laymen and experts, uncertainties in risk assessment and the lack of scientific literacy among the public. One of the major conditions for successful risk communication is trust in the communicators, balanced with some skepticism and critical mind. The author finally suggests that, instead of promoting ''understanding of technology'', risk communication should foster and understanding of the necessary compatibility of technology, societal and environmental issues. (author)
The Reflexive Scientist: enabling more effective science communication and public engagement through deeper reflection and engagement between physical and social scientists
Salmon, R. A.; Priestley, R. K.; Goven, J. F.
Scientists, policymakers and science communicators generally work from an assumption that science communication, or 'outreach', is good and often work from a primarily practice-based knowledge. Meanwhile, the science, technology and society (STS) community, which is strongly grounded in theory and critical analysis, is critical of certain aspects of science communication, particularly in controversial areas of science. Unfortunately, these two groups rarely speak to each other, and when they do they don't necessarily understand one another. Much of this confusion relates to different assumptions around the goals of science communication, as well as differing understandings of the various roles and responsibilities in both science and society. The result, unfortunately, is a lack of science communication practice and theory informing each other. This research is a collaboration between a scientist communicator with a positive attitude to outreach, who works in the field of climate change; a political theorist with expertise in public dialogue around biotechnology and has been critical of motivations for engaging the public with science; and a science historian and science communicator who has uncovered surprising and significant changes in public attitudes towards nuclear science and technology in New Zealand. By exploring our understanding of science communication through these diverse disciplinary lenses, and considering three fields of science that are or have been highly controversial for different reasons, we have identified several subtleties in both the politics of communicating different areas of controversial science, and the difficulties of finding a common language across social and physical sciences. We conclude that greater reflexivity about our own roles and assumptions, and increased efforts at enhanced understanding across disciplines, is central to applying the theories in STS to the practice of communication by scientists.
Digital repetitive control under varying frequency conditions
Ramos, Germán A; Olm, Josep M
The tracking/rejection of periodic signals constitutes a wide field of research in the control theory and applications area. Repetitive Control has proven to be an efficient way to face this topic. However, in some applications the frequency of the reference/disturbance signal is time-varying or uncertain. This causes an important performance degradation in the standard Repetitive Control scheme. This book presents some solutions to apply Repetitive Control in varying frequency conditions without loosing steady-state performance. It also includes a complete theoretical development and experimental results in two representative systems. The presented solutions are organized in two complementary branches: varying sampling period Repetitive Control and High Order Repetitive Control. The first approach allows dealing with large range frequency variations while the second allows dealing with small range frequency variations. The book also presents applications of the described techniques to a Roto-magnet plant and...
Random intersection graphs and their applications in security, wireless communication, and social networks
Zhao, Jun; Gligor, Virgil
Random intersection graphs have received much interest and been used in diverse applications. They are naturally induced in modeling secure sensor networks under random key predistribution schemes, as well as in modeling the topologies of social networks including common-interest networks, collaboration networks, and actor networks. Simply put, a random intersection graph is constructed by assigning each node a set of items in some random manner and then putting an edge between any two nodes that share a certain number of items. Broadly speaking, our work is about analyzing random intersection graphs, and models generated by composing it with other random graph models including random geometric graphs and Erd\\H{o}s-R\\'enyi graphs. These compositional models are introduced to capture the characteristics of various complex natural or man-made networks more accurately than the existing models in the literature. For random intersection graphs and their compositions with other random graphs, we study properties su...
An unbiased Bayesian approach to functional connectomics implicates social-communication networks in autism.
Venkataraman, Archana; Duncan, James S; Yang, Daniel Y-J; Pelphrey, Kevin A
Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rsfMRI) studies reveal a complex pattern of hyper- and hypo-connectivity in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Whereas rsfMRI findings tend to implicate the default mode network and subcortical areas in ASD, task fMRI and behavioral experiments point to social dysfunction as a unifying impairment of the disorder. Here, we leverage a novel Bayesian framework for whole-brain functional connectomics that aggregates population differences in connectivity to localize a subset of foci that are most affected by ASD. Our approach is entirely data-driven and does not impose spatial constraints on the region foci or dictate the trajectory of altered functional pathways. We apply our method to data from the openly shared Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange (ABIDE) and pinpoint two intrinsic functional networks that distinguish ASD patients from typically developing controls. One network involves foci in the right temporal pole, left posterior cingulate cortex, left supramarginal gyrus, and left middle temporal gyrus. Automated decoding of this network by the Neurosynth meta-analytic database suggests high-level concepts of "language" and "comprehension" as the likely functional correlates. The second network consists of the left banks of the superior temporal sulcus, right posterior superior temporal sulcus extending into temporo-parietal junction, and right middle temporal gyrus. Associated functionality of these regions includes "social" and "person". The abnormal pathways emanating from the above foci indicate that ASD patients simultaneously exhibit reduced long-range or inter-hemispheric connectivity and increased short-range or intra-hemispheric connectivity. Our findings reveal new insights into ASD and highlight possible neural mechanisms of the disorder. PMID:26106561