text:
Page 1
Copyright (c) 2010 IEEE. Personal use is permitted. For any other purposes, Permission must be obtained from the IEEE by emailing firstname.lastname@example.com.
This article has been accepted for publication in a future issue of this journal, but has not been fully edited. Content may change prior to final publication.
Abstract—We investigated the relative importance and
predictive power of different frequency bands of subcutaneous
glucose signals for the short-term (0-50 min) forecasting of
glucose concentrations in type 1 diabetic patients with data-
driven, autoregressive (AR) models. The study data consisted of
minute-by-minute glucose signals collected from nine deidentified
patients over a five-day period using continuous glucose
monitoring devices. AR models were developed using single and
pairwise combinations of frequency bands of the glucose signal
and compared with a reference model including all bands. The
results suggest that: for open-loop applications, there is no need
to explicitly represent exogenous inputs, such as meals and insulin
intake, in AR models; models based on a single-frequency band,
with periods between 60-120 min or 150-500 min, yield good
predictive power (error <3 mg/dL) for prediction horizons of up
to 25 min; models based on pairs of bands produce predictions
that are indistinguishable from those of the reference model as
long as the 60-120 min period band is included; and AR models
can be developed on signals of short length (~300 min), i.e.,
ignoring long circadian rhythms, without any detriment in
prediction accuracy. Together, these findings provide insights
into efficient development of more effective and parsimonious
data-driven models for short-term prediction of glucose
concentrations in diabetic patients.
Manuscript received November 3, 2009; revised February 12, 2010. This
work was supported in part by the U.S. Army Medical Department, Advanced
Medical Technology Initiative, funded by the Telemedicine and Advanced
Technology Research Center of the U.S. Army Medical Research and
Materiel Command, Fort Detrick, MD, and by the U.S. Air Force Diabetes
Research Program.
Y. Lu is with the Bioinformatics Cell, Telemedicine and Advanced
Technology Research Center, U.S. Army Medical Research and Materiel
Command, Fort Detrick, MD 21702 USA (e-mail: email@example.com).
A. V. Gribok was with the Bioinformatics Cell, Telemedicine and
Advanced Technology Research Center, U.S. Army Medical Research and
Materiel Command, Fort Detrick, MD 21702, as well as with the Nuclear
Engineering Department, the University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996
USA (e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com).
W. K. Ward is with iSense Corporation and Oregon Health and Sciences
University, Wilsonville, OR 97070 USA (e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com).
*J. Reifman is with the Bioinformatics Cell, Telemedicine and Advanced
Technology Research Center, U.S. Army Medical Research and Materiel
Command, Fort Detrick, MD 21702 USA (phone: 301-619-7915; fax: 301-
619-1983; e-mail: email@example.com).
Copyright (c) 2008 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted.
However, permission to use this material for any other purposes must be
obtained from the IEEE by sending an email to email@example.com.
Index Terms—Autoregressive prediction models, glucose signal
frequency analysis, continuous glucose monitoring, glucose
dynamics, diabetes.
ECENT developments in continuous glucose monitoring
(CGM) offer new opportunities and challenges in data
collection and analysis [1], as these CGM devices can sample
subcutaneous glucose concentrations as frequently as every
minute and store the sampled time series for up to several days
for retrospective analysis. On one hand, this abundance of
information opens new opportunities in data analysis and the
understanding of the mechanisms of glucose regulation, while,
on the other hand, it poses additional challenges in terms of
information processing and interpretation. Long and frequently
sampled time-series data collected from CGM devices have
naturally invited the use of techniques that require continual
availability of glucose data, such as Kalman filtering [2] and
techniques that are purely data driven, such as autoregressive
(AR) models [3], for short-term prediction of glucose
concentrations in diabetic patients [4-8]. The obvious
advantages of AR models are their analytical tractability and
their ability to linearly extrapolate future time-series values,
producing a reliable and accurate forecast. However, to yield
accurate predictions, AR models need to be fitted to a
―training‖ signal and the fitting procedure should lead to a
sequence of AR model coefficients that capture the major
frequency components (or bands) in the glucose signal.
The frequency bands in blood glucose signals reflect the
physiological mechanisms of glucose regulation, with different
mechanisms driving different frequency bands. For example,
in healthy individuals, the pulsatile insulin secreted by the
pancreas is reflected in patterns of blood glucose signal
oscillations with periods between 4 and 15 min [9]. Similarly,
the patterns associated with postprandial glucose regulation of
healthy individuals have predominant periods ranging from 51
to 112 min [10], with larger amplitude oscillations observed
after evening meals and smaller ones after morning meals,
reflecting the circadian rhythmicity of glucose regulation [11].
Recently, Rahaghi and Gough suggested that the spectrum
of oscillations in blood glucose signals of healthy individuals
could be characterized by four major frequency bands [12].
The Importance of Different Frequency Bands
in Predicting Subcutaneous Glucose
Concentration in Type 1 Diabetic Patients
Yinghui Lu, Andrei V. Gribok, W. Kenneth Ward, and Jaques Reifman*
Authorized licensed use limited to: Georgia State University. Downloaded on May 27,2010 at 20:42:15 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.
Page 2
Copyright (c) 2010 IEEE. Personal use is permitted. For any other purposes, Permission must be obtained from the IEEE by emailing email@example.com.
This article has been accepted for publication in a future issue of this journal, but has not been fully edited. Content may change prior to final publication.
They suggest that the lowest frequency band, corresponding to
periods of at least 700 min (Band IV), reflects patterns of
glucose regulation associated with ultradian rhythms of long
periodicity and circadian rhythms. The first mid-frequency
band, spanning oscillations with periods from 150 to 500 min
(Band III), is believed to be primarily associated with the
schedules of exogenous inputs, such as the time of meals and
insulin boluses intake, while the second mid-frequency band,
spanning periods from 60 to 120 min (Band II), is deemed to
reflect insulin secretion in response to continuous enteral
nutrition, constant intravenous glucose infusion, or ingestion
of a meal or insulin boluses [10, 13]. These oscillations are
considered to be intrinsic responses [12] because they can be
interpreted as a step, or an impulse, response of the glucose
regulatory system. The highest frequency band, with periods
between 5 and 15 min (Band I), is assumed to be generated by
rapid pulsatile insulin secretion by pancreatic β cells and is
best observed in fasting, non-diabetic subjects [9]. However,
because β cells are destroyed in type 1 diabetic patients and
insulin is not produced, these high frequencies are absent in
the blood glucose signals of this patient population [14].
In contrast to blood glucose, there is a limited body of work
concerning the frequency analysis of subcutaneous CGM
signals, which, due to time delays and signal attenuation from
blood-to-interstitial transport, may differ from that of the blood
glucose, requiring additional independent studies. By and
large, the existing studies of the spectrum of CGM signals are
limited to Fourier series analysis [15, 16] and are not guided to
educating the development of predictive glucose models. For
example, Breton et al. performed Fourier analysis for
determining the minimal sampling periods of blood and
subcutaneous CGM signals of type 1 diabetic patients and
concluded that CGM signals of periods shorter than 36 min are
nonexistent [15]. This loss of information is attributed to the
lowpass filtering effect caused by the blood-to-interstitial
transport of glucose concentration. In a separate Fourier
analysis study, Miller and Strange [16] suggest that, in type 1
diabetic patients, the amplitude of the second and third
harmonics of CGM signals are correlated with mean HbA1c
values and that, in type 2 diabetic patients, the frequency
content with periods shorter than 72 min is characterized by
white noise.
The efficient development of glucose concentration
predictive models for type 1 diabetic patients, in particular
data-driven AR models, where the model coefficients capture
the frequency content of the signal [4, 5], require a more
detailed analysis of the frequency components of the CGM
glucose signal so that the relative importance and predictive
power of the different frequency bands are properly
characterized. In particular, the answers to the following key,
yet unknown, questions need to be addressed: (1) How to
optimize the glucose signal filtering process so as to eliminate
uninformative signal components while keeping the important
ones? (2) Which frequency components must be present in an
AR model to yield accurate, short-term predictions? (3)
Whether there is a need to explicitly represent exogenous
inputs, such as meals and insulin intake, into the model? and
(4) How much data are needed to develop an accurate AR
In this paper, we attempt to address the above questions by
first associating the frequency content of subcutaneous glucose
signals with those of blood glucose signals and then
investigating the relative importance of the different frequency
bands of the subcutaneous glucose signal in AR modeling.
Based on the four major frequency bands suggested by
Rahaghi and Gough [12], we applied subband AR modeling
[17] to CGM signals of type 1 diabetic patients and
determined the predictive power of the different frequency
bands and their dependencies on prediction horizon. We found
that, provided enough training data were available, the AR
models captured all the frequency information present in the
subcutaneous glucose concentration signal, obviating the need
to explicitly represent exogenous inputs into the model, such
as meals and insulin, for open-loop applications. We also
found that the frequency band associated with the intrinsic
response of glucose regulation was indispensable for obtaining
accurate predictions up to 50 min ahead, although the energy
content of this frequency band in the glucose signal is low
(~1.5% of the total signal's energy). Finally, we concluded that
a training signal as short as 300 min, i.e., one that excludes
low circadian rhythm frequencies, was capable of producing
accurate predictions, potentially shortening data collection
time and expediting model development. Together, these
findings provide insights into the development of more
effective and parsimonious AR models for short-term
predictions of subcutaneous glucose concentrations in diabetic
A. Study Population
In this paper, we analyzed the temporal dynamics and
frequency content of subcutaneous glucose time-series data of
nine deidentified type 1 diabetic patients. Subcutaneous
glucose measurements were collected on a minute-by-minute
basis for each of the nine subjects for approximately 5 days
with the iSense CGM system [4, 6]. Subjects were confined to
the investigational site for the whole duration of the study and
limited to mild physical activity. Subjects were included if
they were between 18 and 70 yr of age, had been diagnosed
with type 1 diabetes and treated with insulin for at least 12 mo,
had a body mass index of <35.0 kg/m2, and had glycated
hemoglobin (HbA1c) of >6.1%. Subjects were excluded if
they had acute and severe illness apart from diabetes, had a
clinically significant abnormal electrocardiogram, hematology,
or biochemistry screening test, or had any disease requiring the
use of anticoagulants. In addition, subjects were excluded if
they were pregnant or lactating.
The subjects were provided three meals per day at 9 a.m., 1
p.m., and 7 p.m. (plus a mid-afternoon snack at 4 p.m.) and
continued their normal insulin therapy, which was provided
Authorized licensed use limited to: Georgia State University. Downloaded on May 27,2010 at 20:42:15 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.
Page 3
Copyright (c) 2010 IEEE. Personal use is permitted. For any other purposes, Permission must be obtained from the IEEE by emailing email@example.com.
This article has been accepted for publication in a future issue of this journal, but has not been fully edited. Content may change prior to final publication.
either by an external continuous insulin pump or by multiple
daily subcutaneous injections. In addition, each subject
received a bolus of regular or ultra rapid insulin immediately
before each meal (excluding the snack) either by subcutaneous
injection or via the subcutaneous catheter of the insulin pump.
Figure 1a shows the raw CGM signal for one patient (subject
#6) in our study collected over 4,000 min (66.7 h), where the
time points of food and insulin intake are illustrated by vertical
lines. The figure illustrates the typical daily variations in
glucose concentration, including a drastic increase in
concentration between 6 and 9 a.m. although no food or other
nutrients were taken during the night. This is due to a circadian
rhythm known as the ―dawn phenomenon,‖ which is explained
by an increase in insulin resistance caused by certain
hormones, and occurs in both diabetic and non-diabetic
individuals alike [18, 19].
B. Frequency Analysis
To study the relative importance and predictive power of the
four major frequency bands suggested by Rahaghi and Gough
[12] for subcutaneous CGM signals, we developed four
bandpass filters, where each filter only passed glucose signals
in one of the four period bands (Band I: 5-15 min, Band II: 60-
120 min, Band III: 150-500 min, and Band IV: ≥700 min) of a
raw CGM time-series signal. Figure 1b shows the
corresponding four bandpass-filtered signals extracted from
the raw time-series signal in Fig. 1a. For example, through
bandpass filtering of Band IV, only patterns associated with
circadian rhythms, such as the 24-h dawn phenomenon, and
ultradian rhythms with periodicities ≥700 min were extracted
from the raw signal. However, because the Band I frequencies
in Fig. 1b are expected to consist mainly of measurement noise
devoid of any significant physiological information [15, 16],
we performed limited analysis for this high-frequency band.
We also developed multi-bandpass filters that only passed
the frequencies associated with each of the pairwise
combinations of three of the four bands, II, III, and IV. For
example, for filters that passed the pairwise combination of
bands II+III, we used a multi-bandpass filter that only passed
the frequencies in each of these two bands, eliminating all
other frequencies, including those in the 120-150 min gap
between these bands. To obtain a reference glucose
concentration signal and corresponding model against which
all other subband signals and models could be compared with,
we used a lowpass filter with a cut-off frequency of 1/3,600 Hz
(equivalent to a period of 60 min), which removed the high-
frequency content of the CGM signal up to the lower bound of
Band II. This cut-off frequency was selected for two reasons.
First, as discussed above, Fourier series analysis from different
studies of diabetic patients provides substantial evidence that
CGM signals with periods shorter than 36 min are nonexistent
[15] and that periods shorter than 72 min are characterized by
white noise [16]. Second, our group has shown that, to obtain
consistent AR coefficients and robust models from CGM
signals, it is necessary to remove frequencies with periods
shorter than ~90 min [4]. The resulting reference signal is
illustrated in Fig. 1a.
Finally, to analyze the overall frequency content of glucose
concentration signals of type 1 diabetic patients, we used the
Welch's method with a Hamming window of 50% overlap to
compute the power spectral density (PSD) of the raw CGM
signals [20].
C. Autoregressive (AR) Modeling
An AR model is a type of linear model where a future signal
yn+1, at discrete time n+1, is represented by a linear
combination of previous signal observations yn–i, i = 0, 1, 2,…,
m–1, plus white noise εn+1,
where m denotes the order of the model, i.e., the number of
previous observations used to represent yn+1, and bi represents
fixed model coefficients. The coefficients bi describe the
temporal correlations between each of the previous signals yn–i,
i = 0, 1, 2,…, m–1, and the next one yn+1, and capture the
frequency content of the underlying signal [3]. Therefore, we
may use the set of coefficients bi and previous signals yn–i to
make one-step-ahead predictions for yn+1, i.e.,
where ŷn+1 denotes the predicted value for yn+1. Equation (2)
can also be used to make k-step-ahead predictions, with k = 2,
3,…, by iteratively substituting the k–1 predicted values for the
corresponding k–1 yet unobserved signals. For example, we
may make 2-step-ahead predictions ŷn+2 by substituting the
Glucose (mg/dL)
Raw Signal
Reference Signal (Periods >1h)
0 12 2436 48 60
Relative Magnitude (mg/dL)
Time (h)
Night time
No food or insulin
Night time
No food or insulin
9 a.m. 1 p.m. 4 p.m. 7 p.m.
9 a.m. 1 p.m. 4 p.m. 7 p.m. 9 a.m. 1 p.m. 4 p.m. 7 p.m.
Band III (150 - 500 min)
Band II (60 - 120 min)
Band I (5 - 15 min)
Band IV (> 700 min)
Fig. 1. Subcutaneous glucose concentration of a typical type 1 diabetic
patient. (a) Raw and reference (i.e., filtered) glucose signals. (b) Relative
magnitude of the corresponding bandpass-filtered time series of the original
raw signal representing the four major frequency bands.
Authorized licensed use limited to: Georgia State University. Downloaded on May 27,2010 at 20:42:15 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.
Page 4
Copyright (c) 2010 IEEE. Personal use is permitted. For any other purposes, Permission must be obtained from the IEEE by emailing email@example.com.
This article has been accepted for publication in a future issue of this journal, but has not been fully edited. Content may change prior to final publication.
predicted value ŷn+1 for its unobserved signal yn+1 on the right
side of Eq. (2).
An AR model can also be represented in the frequency
domain. By performing a Z-transform of Eq. (1), we can
convert its discrete-time representation into a frequency-
domain representation,
) 1(
where H(z) denotes the corresponding transfer function of the
AR model. Because the coefficients bi in an AR model capture
the frequency content of the glucose signal, the PSD P(ω) of
this all-pole transfer function H(z),
) 1(
where ω denotes the radian frequency, can be used to
approximate the spectrum of the underlying glucose signal
To investigate the relative importance and predictive power
of each of the three Bands (II, III, and IV) associated with the
different dynamics of glucose regulation, we applied the
method of regularized least squares to fit the coefficients bi
and obtain AR models of order 30 (m = 30), as proposed in
[4]. Regularization yields smoothly varying AR-model
coefficients bi, a requirement for obtaining stable and accurate
models with clinically acceptable time lags [4]. For all
calculations, we used consecutive 2,000 min (or 2,000 data
points) of the glucose signal of a subject to fit the AR model.
For each subject, we developed separate AR models for each
of the three bands as well as for the three pairwise
combinations of bands. For comparison purpose, we also
developed (reference) AR models for each subject using the
reference signal consisting of all three bands. Moreover, to
further investigate the glucose dynamics within the different
frequency bands and their combinations and compare them to
the spectrum estimated from the raw CGM signal using the
Welch's method, we calculated the PSD using Eq. (4) for each
of the AR models.
The predictive power was quantified by root mean squared
error (RMSE) deviations, defined as the square root of the
mean of the squared differences between the predicted value ŷn
and the observed value yn. The predictive performance of the
models were evaluated for each subject using their
corresponding testing data between 2,000 and 4,000 min, and
each model was evaluated for different prediction horizons,
ranging from 1 to 50 min.
Figure 2 shows the PSDs estimated using the raw CGM
signals for each of the nine patients in the study, where the
signal energy was plotted as a function of the signal period
instead of frequency to facilitate physiological interpretation.
The majority of the signal's energy fell within the two longest
period ranges, Bands III and IV. In contrast, Band II contained
a relatively small amount of the total energy (~1.5%), while
the energy in Band I was only ~0.6% of the total, which
supports the conclusion that, as in blood glucose signals [14],
CGM signals of type 1 diabetic patients lack high-frequency
pulsatile insulin secretion patterns.
Figure 2 also illustrates the differences in the signal
spectrum profile for each of the frequency bands. For example,
Band IV was characterized by two distinct peaks at ~12 and
~24 h associated with well-established ultradian and circadian
periods [11]. Similarly, Band III was characterized by five
distinct peaks at approximately 3.0, 3.5, 5.0, 6.0, and 8.0 h.
The periods at 3.0 and 6.0 h exactly coincided with meal and
insulin schedules at 1 p.m., 4 p.m., and 7 p.m., whereas the
periods at 3.5 and 5.0 h were likely related to the 4.0 h time
interval between meal and insulin schedules at 9 a.m. and 1
p.m. We speculate that the 8.0 h period is not associated with
meal and insulin schedules, but rather with ultradian
oscillations associated with sleep [13]. Finally, analysis of the
spectrum profile for Band II indicated a number of peaks,
including two predominant ones with periods at ~80 and ~105
min (results not shown in the scale used in Fig. 2). This finding
is corroborated by the work of Simon et al. [10], who
identified the predominant period of the intrinsic regulatory
response in blood glucose to vary from 51 to 112 min.
Figure 3 shows the mean PSDs (averaged over the nine
subjects) for Bands II, III, and IV and their pairwise
combinations estimated from the corresponding AR-model
coefficients using Eq. (4). The results show that, as expected,
each AR model only captured the frequency content of the
corresponding frequency band(s) of the CGM signals.
Fig. 2. Power spectral densities (PSD) of the raw glucose time series of nine
patients and their averaged spectrum estimated using the Welch's method.
The four gray areas correspond to the four modeled frequency bands.
Authorized licensed use limited to: Georgia State University. Downloaded on May 27,2010 at 20:42:15 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.
Page 5
Copyright (c) 2010 IEEE. Personal use is permitted. For any other purposes, Permission must be obtained from the IEEE by emailing firstname.lastname@example.com.
This article has been accepted for publication in a future issue of this journal, but has not been fully edited. Content may change prior to final publication.
Comparison with Fig. 2 indicated that the PSDs estimated by
the subband AR models were, in general, less resolved than the
ones obtained from the raw signal (i.e., Fig. 2). For instance,
Fig. 2 shows five salient periods in Band III while Fig. 3b
depicts only two of them, at ~3.0 and ~6.0 h. This is mainly
attributed to the constraint, or regularization, imposed on the
fitting of the AR model coefficients bi [4].
Figure 4 shows the predictive performance of the subband
AR models, where RMSEs, averaged over the nine subjects,
were plotted as a function of prediction horizon for the
reference model as well as for the single-band models (Fig. 4a)
and the pairwise-band models (Fig. 4b). As expected, Fig. 4a
shows that the reference model, which captured the full
dynamic range of the glucose signal, yielded the smallest
RMSEs across the 0-50 min prediction horizons. For
prediction horizons of <25 min, the AR models obtained with
Band II or Band III frequencies had essentially the same
predictive performance as the model obtained with the
reference signal. This result is instructive because it suggests
that, for short prediction horizons, middle-frequency
dynamics, resulting from intrinsic oscillations or schedules of
exogenous inputs, are sufficient to produce accurate models
and that low-frequency dynamics, associated with circadian
rhythms, may not be necessary. For longer prediction horizons
(25-50 min), Band III models outperformed Band II models
because the former contained more low-frequency content
required for predicting longer horizons. This was evident by
the performance of Band IV model, which had the worst
predictive performance for short horizons (<40 min) while
outperforming Band II and III models for prediction horizons
of >45 min. We also confirmed that Band I signals were not
informative, as simulations showed that models based solely
on this frequency band consistently underperformed the other
models (results not shown).
Figure 4b compares the performance of the pairwise-band
models. In stark contrast with the single-band models, the
results indicate that when we considered frequencies from
Band II, with either Band III or Band IV, the resulting
pairwise models were as predictive over the 0-50-min
prediction horizon as those obtained with the reference model.
These results suggest that although a frequency band may not
have sufficient predictive power by itself, in combination with
other bands, the resulting models could be very accurate.
Importantly, they also indicate that the energy content of a
signal alone was not necessarily an appropriate metric for
indicating its predictive power (as discussed above, Band II
accounts for only ~1.5% of the total energy of the glucose
signal). Conversely, models constructed using frequencies
from Bands III+IV, which account for ~93.0% of the signal's
total energy, showed inferior performance when compared
with the other pairwise models and some of the single-band
These results suggest that the prediction accuracy of AR
models is highly dependent on which frequencies of the CGM
signal are captured by the AR model coefficients bi and weakly
dependent on the resolution of the captured frequencies. For
example, as discussed above, the AR models for Band III only
captured two (Fig. 3b) of the five salient periods in this
frequency band (Fig. 2). Nevertheless, for a 25-min prediction
horizon, the Band III AR models yielded an average RMSE of
<2 mg/dL (Fig. 4a).
To provide further insights into the role of the different
frequency bands in AR-model predictions, we analyzed 35-
min-ahead predictions for a typical patient (subject #6) for
models based on the six possible combinations of single and
pairwise frequency bands, as illustrated in Fig. 5.
Figure 5a shows that while the Band II model was capable
of yielding smooth predictions for the high-frequency
oscillations, such as those around 3,000 min, it either
underpredicted or overpredicted the low-frequency trends,
systematically generating a prediction bias. Conversely, Fig.
x 10
PSD (magnitude 2/ h)
Band II
Period (h)
02468 10
x 10
Band III
Period (h)
10 15202530
x 10
Period (h)
Band IV
0 10
Period (h)
20 30
12x 10
Band III+IV
0 10
Period (h)
x 10
Band II+IV
12x 10
Period (h)
PSD (magnitude 2/ h)
Band II+III
Fig. 3. Mean power spectral densities (PSD) of single-frequency bands (a-c)
and pairwise-frequency bands (d-f) estimated through the AR-model
010 20 304050
RMSE (mg/dL)
0 10203040 50
RMSE (mg/dL)
Prediction Horizon (min)
Reference Model
Band IV
Band III
Band II
300 min training data
Reference Model
Band II+IV
Band II+III
Band III+IV
Fig. 4. Average root mean squared error (RMSE) of the autoregressive
model predictions as a function of prediction horizon for the reference model
based on all frequency bands, and for models based on: (a) single-frequency
bands and (b) pairwise-frequency bands.
Authorized licensed use limited to: Georgia State University. Downloaded on May 27,2010 at 20:42:15 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.


text:
Scott Wapner is host of the "Fast Money Halftime Report," which airs weekdays from 12PM to 1PM ET.
He has reported live from the floor of the New York Stock Exchange and the Nasdaq MarketSite, covering the real-time action of the global financial markets. Wapner was reporting live from the New York Stock Exchange during the May 2010 "flash crash."
Wapner has also reported several documentaries for the network, including "Hotel: Behind Closed Doors at Marriott," "Ultimate Fighting: From Blood Sport to Big Time," which earned him an Emmy nomination, and "One Nation, Overweight," which documents the impact of the nation's obesity epidemic. In 2011, Wapner received an award from the Society of American Business Editors and Writers as well as a Sigma Delta Chi Award from the Society of Professional Journalists for "One Nation, Overweight."
Before joining CNBC, Wapner served as the franchise Business Reporter for KDFW-TV in Dallas and was a reporter for Associated Press Television News, based in New York City.
Wapner earned a bachelor's degree in history from the University of South Florida.
Follow Scott Wapner on Twitter @ScottWapnercnbc.
Former NFL wide receiver Phil McConkey, discusses the great responsibility on the NFL right now to handle its image appropriately.
Barron's ran a story over the weekend proclaiming Bank of America could rise 50 percent more. The FMHR traders discuss which bank stock has the most upside.
After data showed existing home sales in August fell, the FMHR traders take their positions in some of the builder stocks.
The FMHR traders take their positions on four stocks making news today, including reports EMC is in merger talks.
Debating the trade on Chinese e-commerce company Alibaba, with Dohmen Capital founder Bert Dohmen, and MKM Partners analyst Rob Sanderson.
The "Fast Money Halftime Report" traders dissect the trade on Alibaba on its second day of trading.
CNBC's Scott Wapner highlights the IPO of Alibaba and what's next for the e-commerce company. Linda Killian, Renaissance Capital CIO discusses the underlying strength of the IPO market overall.
Marketing and advertising executive Mike Jackson of Phelps Agency, shares his opinions on the advertiser's position and responsibility for image issues like those going on at the NFL.
CNBC's Melissa Lee reports Microsoft will lay off 2,100 employees today as part of the 18,000 layoffs previously announced. The FMHR traders take their positions in the name.
Discussing Yahoo's potential move after Alibaba becomes public, and what it could do with the cash it earns, with Quartz reporter John McDuling.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Publication date
|Feb 7, 1967
|Filing date
|Jul 19, 1962
|Priority date
|Jul 19, 1962
|Publication number
|Hartley Charles E
|Original Assignee
|Stetson Shoe Company Inc
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (7), Referenced by (4), Classifications (9)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
Feb. 7, 1967 C, E, HARTLEY 3,302,312
MOCCASIN-TYPE SHOE Filed July 19, 1962 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR.
CHARLES E. HART-LEY Fl G. IA BY Feb. 7, 1967 c. E. HARTLEY 3,302,312
MOCCASIN*TYPE SHOE Filed July 19, 1962 5 Sheets-Sheet 3 INVENTOR.
CHARLES E. HARTLEY TTORNEYS United States Patent G 3,302,312 MCCASIN-TYPE SHOE Charles E. Hartley, Avon, Mass., assignor to The Stetson Shoe Company, Incorporated, South Weymouth, Mass., a corporation of Massachusetts Filed July 19, 1962, Ser. No. 211,003 4 Claims. (Cl. 36-11) The present invention has to do with improvements in footwear of the moccasin type, i.e. one in which the upper and the outsole are formed from a single integral piece of .sheet-like stock, the sheet-like stock being adapted to extend across the Ibottom of the shoe under the sole of the foot and at least along a portion of the sides. Moccasin footwear has been popular because of its comfortable, soft, and light qualities, and because it can be made more cheaply than welt constructions with a minimum of expense for material and labor. The moccasin-type footwear is characterized by the fact that the portion of the stock forming the sides also extends across the bottom of the sole, and is formed integral therewith. As modified in accordance with the present teachings, this construction can provide the basis for an exceedingly satisfactory and useful type of shoe for many purposes, and in styles and sizes for men, women and children.
For descriptive purposes, certain areas of the moccasintype shoe may be identified as the forward area, the intermediate or arch area and the heel area.
The moccasin-typeV shoe embodying my present invention is characterized by the facts that it incorporates an insole extending the full length and width of the moccasin, is fitted about a last to form the arch, is shank-stiffened along the intermediate area, and provided with a heel secured to the heel area, such that it has style and foot-supporting advantages hitherto limited to shoes having separate outsoles while at the same time being light, comfortable and` soft. For these purposes, the upper is split rearwardly of the intended sole portion, and stock is removed along a rear portion at the intended site of the heel, after which the forward proximate edges of the split lying substantially within the intermediate area of the shoe are then sewn together, the upper portions is then shaped about the insole and a last. Over the sewn edges of the split, there is an outside patch fastened by stitching along two sides and the front end, but leaving the rear end open at the intended heel site. This arrangement forms a pocket between the patch and the insole, the pocket being open at the rear before a heel is applied. Into the pocket is slipped a suitable fiat spring-metal shank stiifener which protrudes from the rear end of the pocket and is there provided with prongs or other suitable fastenings which anchor it to the heel tuck in the heel area and leaving the front end free so that the shank may be flexed by the wearer in walking. Thereafter, the shoe is completed by nailing on a suitable heel, in the usual manner, the heel serving to close the rear end of the pocket and to mask and support the pronged end of the metal shank stiifener. Moccasin shoes embodying my invention are found to have exceptional wearing properties; this results in part because a soft cushion insole in provided between the foot and the portion of the upper which forms the outsole. Impact of the shoe on a walking surface is less violent, and the sole is not lbent too sharply; consequently, the wear is appreciably less and the shoe tends to remain in good condition longer.
My invention resides in part in the herein described method of manufacturing the shoe. This will be fully understood from the following description and the drawings, wherein:
In the drawings, FIGURE 1 is a view in perspective of the moccasin shoe embodying my invention;
FIGURE 1A illustrates the principal parts of the shoe of FIGURE 1;
FIGURE 2 is a section on line 2 2 of FIGURE l;
FIGURE 3 is a longitudinal section part of the shoe shown in FIGURE 1;
FIGURE 4 is a View of the bottom of the rear portion of a shoe embodying my invention, the heel being absent;
FIGURE 5 is a view in perspective of a shank stiffening element and FIGURE 6 is a perspective view of a bottom patch.
Referring now to FIGURE 1, at 11 is indicated the upper which has been combined with an insole, a heel 12, a bottom patch 13, and a back-stay 14, to form a finished moccasin-type article of footwear.
In making the shoe, the combined sole and upper or vamp 11, is irst cut to the proper form, which will be clearly seen from FIGURE 1A. The sheet-like blank 11 for the combined upper and sole mem-ber has two rear end portions, 15 and 16, which are spaced apart by a V-shaped slit 17 at the intermediate portion corresponding to the instep area of the foot of the user and by a wider opening 18 at the intended site of a heel seat for the shoe. Ends 15a and 16a of portions 15 and 16 are brought together and stitched, closing the rear of the shoe, and a back stay 14 may subsequently be stitched over the seam, if desired. Next, the side edges of the slit 17 along the median line 19-19 of the upper are brought together and stitched. This advantageously shapes the upper somewhat to the instep of the wea-rer. The bott-om patch 13 is stitched in place onto member 11 in overlying relationship to stitched slit 17, by through-and-through stitches along its near-marginal front edge 13a and side edges 13b and 13e, only. Then the shaped cushioning insole 20 is tacked on the bottom of a suitable last, two tacks ordinarily being used for this purpose, one over the heel and the other forward of it. The member 11 is then suitably moistened or otherwise tempered and is stretched over the last with the insole applied; this is done -by the handsewer. The edges of the top of the upper are fastened, by hand stitching, to the edges of a suitable plug 21 which forms the top of the forepart of the shoe. The shoe is next dried on the last, to x the desired contou-ring.
Cement is then applied to the heel seat and allowed to dry, after which the last is pulled and the insole removed, then the last is put back in, and a heel tuck 30 is inserted in the back bottom part of the heel area. The heel seat is lasted on a known type of heel seat lasting machine to wipe in excess leather, the latter being fastened to the heel tuck in the heel area.
Preferably, the heel seat laster also applies heat to assure proper wiping of the upper material around the heel. A resilient shank stiffener of a suitable material 22 is slid under the patch 13, between the patch 'and outside of stitched slit 17, and is fastened in place. For the latter purpose I prefer to use a shank stiffener with prongs 23; these are caused to pierce t-he heel tuck 30 at the heel site and are then pounded down or clinched yagainst the metal heel plate with which the last is usually provided. The shank stiffener helps maintain the shoe sole area in a resilient extended position. The heel is put on over the exposed open end of patch 13, and the exposed end of the shank stifiener 22, thus closing the pocket containing the shank stiffener 22. The usual finishing operations are then performed. The top lift 24 (FIGURE 3) is put on and fastened by cement or nailed; the heel is shaved, scoured, stained and polished; the last pulled out, the insole put back in, the upper stained, a sock lining 25 inserted, and the upper sprayed, dried and brushed. It will be understood that these finishing operations are in general old and form no part of my present invention, except as part of the novel sequence of steps, and that the 2i shoe can be finished by any ordinary shoe finishing operations.
Cushion insole is preferably prepared by laminating a thin layer of foam rubber sponge 26 with a layer of leather or leather board material 27, the sponge side of the composite insole being positioned lowermost suc-h that it is in cushioning engagement Wit-h the inside of the sole portion of the shoe where it absorbs impacts and other forces when the shoe is worn. In the finished product, the outsole is integral with sides of the upper, there being no separate outsole attachment, while at the same time the intermediate area of the shoe is contoured to fit the instep of the users foot comfortably and to accommodate the addition of a heel which imparts the desired wearing characteristic of a shoe. The entire footwear assembly is thus preserved soft and extremely light, and manufacture involves but low cost.
While specific preferred practices and constructions have been illustrated and described, it should be understood that various changes, modifications, and substitutions may be effected by those `skilled in the art without departure from these teachings, and it is intended in the appended claims to embrace all such variations as fall within t-he true spirit and scope of this invention.
What I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States is:
1. A moccasin-type shoe comprising an upper formed of pliable sheet-like material adapted to extend about the foot of a user having a forward portion, an intermediate portion and a heel portion, said upper including at least two side sections and an integral bottom section extending -between the side sections to form an outsole for the shoe, an inside sole extending throughout the inner sole area of the shoe, the upper being provided with a V-shaped slit within the sole area adjacent the forward portion of the shoe and positioned substantially within the sole area of the intermediate portion and merging with a heel opening dividing said heel portion, the edges of the slit being stiched together in the sole area of the intermediate portion to conform the upper to the instep of the user, means securing said divided heel portion, a patch on the bottom of the sole tarea of the intermediate portion over the stitched edges of the slit having at least its side edges secured to the said upper to form a rearwardly opening pocket between the outer surface of the upper and the patch, a resilient shank stiifening element positioned within said pocket and extending rearwardly thereof overlying said heel portion, and heel means overlying the rearwardly extending portion of said shank stiffening element, thereby normally holding the sole of the shoe in a resilient extended position.
2. A shoe comprising a moccasin-type upper member having a forward portion, an intermediate portion and a heel portion, the upper member extending across the bottom of the forward portion to form an outsole integral with the sides of the upper portion, the upper member having a V-shaped slit opening rearwardly of the forward portion and lying along the intermediate portion thereof, said slit merging with an opening in said heel portion of the upper member which divides the heel portion thereof into two separate ends, the edges of the slit being placed adjacent and secured to each other to shape the upper in the intermediate portion to a prede* termined form, means for securing the two separate ends of the heel portion of said upper together, a patch on the bottom of the intermediate portion extending over the stitched edges of the slip and onto the heel portion of the upper member, stitching the front and side edges of the patch to the outer portion of the upper member and forming a pocket therebetween, said pocket being open at its rear end, a heel tuck, a resilient shank stitfener positioned in said pocket projecting out of the open end thereof and overlying the heel portion of the upper member, a heel closing the upper rear end of said pocket and overlying the outwardly projecting end of the said shank stitfener, a plug stitched along the forward sides of the upper member to close the top front portion of the shoe and a cushion insole extending at least over the top of the outsole portion of the said upper member.
3. A shoe as set forth in claim 2 wherein said cushion insole extends fully across the outsole portion of the upper, the intermediate and heel portions of the shoe and includes a layer of sponge rubber, and wherein said shank stiffener includes prongs the outwardly-projecting ends thereof being xedly engaged with said heel tuck.
4. The method of making a shoe which comprises preparing -a one-piece moccasin-type upper member having an integral outsole portion, a cushion insole, a heel tuck, a plug, a bottom patch, and a metal shank stitfener, the upper member having a V-shaped slit along its median line rearwardly of the outsole portion and merging with a heel opening separating the heel ends of the upper member, securing the heel ends of the upper member together by stitching, drawing together and securing the edges of the slit to arch the upper member along the intermediate portion thereof, wetting the said upper portion, stretching the upper member while Wet over the u insole and last, stitching the front side portions of the upper member to the plug, stitching the front and side edges of the bottom patch over the seam on the outer portion of the upper member formed by the stitchedtogether edges of the slit and thereby forming a pocket open at the rear end overlying the heel portion of the upper member, inserting the metal shank stitfener into the pocket with the rear end thereof projecting outward ly thereof and overlying the heel portion of the upper member, securing the rear end of the shank stitener to the heel tuck, and fastening a heel over the rear end of the bottom patch to close the pocket and to cover the rear end ofthe shank stiffener.
References Cited by the Examiner UNITED STATES PATENTS 377,757 2/1888 Hickson 36-11 1,594,308 7/ 1926 Llewellyn 36-11 1,972,249 9/ 1934 Schneider 128-589 2,157,818 5/1939 Disch 36-76 X 2,645,042 7/ 1953 Stritter 36-11 2,866,211 12/ 1958 Herlihy 36-11 2,946,069 7/1960 Bozza 12-142 JORDAN FRANKLIN, Primary Examiner.
DAVID I. WILLIAMOWSKY, Examiner.
F, I. COHEN, H. H. HUNTER, Assistant Examiners.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Oct 19, 1887
|Feb 14, 1888
|Nov 27, 1925
|Jul 27, 1926
|G H Bass & Company
|Nov 26, 1930
|Sep 4, 1934
|Schneider Heinrich
|Jul 21, 1937
|May 9, 1939
|Daniel Green Company
|Oct 20, 1950
|Jul 14, 1953
|United Shoe Machinery Corp
|Jul 26, 1955
|Dec 30, 1958
|Lowell Counter Company
|Method of making footwear of the mocasin type having moulded counters
|Dec 17, 1956
|Jul 26, 1960
|Jo An Shoe Mfg Co Inc
|Method of manufacturing moccasins
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Oct 25, 1982
|Feb 26, 1985
|Chesebrough-Pond's Inc.
|Shoe construction
|Feb 16, 1983
|Nov 12, 1985
|John Paris
|Unit-soled shoe
|Apr 18, 1994
|Jul 25, 1995
|The United States Shoe Corporation
|Layered cushioning system for shoe soles
|Oct 26, 1998
|Oct 3, 2000
|Northwest Podiatric Lab
|Orthotic assembly having stationary heel post and separate orthotic plate
|U.S. Classification
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification


text:
California Cascades > Brokeoff Mountain > Climber's Log
Brokeoff Mountain Climber's Log
[ Sign the Climber's Log ]
|Matt Worster
|Snowy July!
Date Climbed: Jul 3, 2006
|90% snow to the top, but a fun, fine descent. Met Aaron and Ellen on the summit, who live just a few blocks from us in Oakland. Imagine that! County highpointed in Butte County yesterday: calm forest walk on the PCT.
|Posted Jul 4, 2006 7:39 pm
Date Climbed: Aug 27, 2005
|I like this hike.
|Posted Mar 14, 2006 8:52 pm
|South Slope
Date Climbed: Feb 11, 2006
|A clear day and a relatively easy ascent, although the last part of the South Slope was pretty icy since I started so early and crampons were needed for some of the very short 30-35 degree parts. 5 hours car-to-car.
|Posted Feb 13, 2006 5:36 pm
|Route Climbed: Northnorthwest ridgeline Date Climbed: January 16, 2005
|Outlasted some early AM fog and sketchy avalanche conditions to have some spectacular views!
|Posted Nov 12, 2005 5:26 am
|Date Climbed: August 27, 2005
|Good hike with good view of Lassen and Shasta on a clear day.
|Posted Sep 29, 2005 12:47 am
|Route Climbed: trail Date Climbed: August 16, 2005
|My wife, myself and our 8 month old son made the trek to the top. We used this mountain as a test to see how we all would handle altitude, as we live in the Bay area, but were mainly worried about our 8 mo. old. Never had a problem with sickness on Brokeoff Mt or Lassen Peak!!
|Posted Aug 24, 2005 1:14 am
|Route Climbed: Trail Date Climbed: July 29, 2005
|Arrived at the TH at 12:30 in the afternoon and although it was hot, I headed up the trail and found it to be a great hike with superb views.
My wife and I camped at the nearby walk in campground and did Butte County's highpoint the next dau and my wife and I enjoyed meeting three PCT thru-hikers as they made their way northward.
Freight train, Good-to-go and Bloody Knuckles (their trail names) Great hikers, I really admire their determination and fortitude.
|Posted Aug 2, 2005 8:57 pm
|Don Nelsen
|Route Climbed: Brokeoff Mt. Trail Date Climbed: July 5th, 2005
|Huge amounts of snow made route finding very difficult but this is the primo climb/hike in Lassen.
|Posted Jul 6, 2005 9:07 pm
|Route Climbed: South ridge Date Climbed: October 3, 2003
|I did not want to go by the hikers trail, so hiked straight up from the road and got up the ridge between Diller peak and Brokeoff, then ascended the ridge (South?) to the Brokeoff's summit. Folks: please don't do this alone, unroped, with no partner and no protection (like I foolishly did) at this time of year (Summer-Fall) -- the rock is rotten (very loose), and falling from the ridge to either side may be fatal. I had my reasons to do it this way back then, but if I were to repeat this ascent, I would take it more seriously.
Great view of Lassen from the top of Brokeoff peak.
The side facing Lassen (must be the east side) looks pretty technical, and I wonder if people rock-climb there (I did not see anyone there though); Although climbing there in the summer may be quite dangerous due to rotten volcanic rock.
|Posted Mar 18, 2005 10:23 am
|Matthew Holliman
|Route Climbed: South Ridge Date Climbed: Dec 3, 2004
|Short, enjoyable snowshoe from Hwy 89 in perfect weather (cold, clear, still). I encountered a fair amount of powder up through Forest Lake, then surprisingly steep (30°), icy snow on the way up to the peak. It was a bit spicy just with snowshoes, and I even found myself wishing in one or two places that I'd brought axe/crampons. Hadn't expected that at this time of year.
|Posted Dec 5, 2004 1:46 pm
|Dennis Poulin
|Route Climbed: Standard route from Hwy 89 Date Climbed: 19 July 2003
|Beautiful day for a climb. Climbed Lassen Peak earlier in the day. Trail was hard to follow through the snow patches up to timber line. Beautiful views.
|Posted Aug 26, 2004 5:30 pm
|Route Climbed: Hikers Trail Date Climbed: July 26, 2004
|My 17th California County High Point. Saw 4 others on quick trip up and back. Could see Shasta, Mount Eddy, Black Butte, and Castle Crags to the North but hazy conditions made the picture lousy. I saw what I belive was a beaver along the trail near the stream, hard to tell since I didn't see a tail. Also, why is there no summit register up there?
|Posted Jul 27, 2004 10:01 pm
|Route Climbed: South ridge Date Climbed: March 8, 2003
|Took a cross country route from the entrance station to the south ridge and on up to the top. The south slope was hard and icy. Saw one other climber come up after I reached the top. He left without noticing me as I had walk along the ridge to get some nice views of the north face. Shasta was clearly visible.
|Posted Feb 24, 2004 2:26 am
|Sam Mills
|Route Climbed: Hikers Trail Date Climbed: September 2001
|A nice morning hike with great views on the trail and from the summit.
|Posted Jan 24, 2004 11:40 pm
|Dave Dinnell
|Route Climbed: Trail Date Climbed: October 1990
|A crisp late Oct. day. Did not see another soul on the mountain. Days like that seem to be getting rare on other mts.
|Posted Jan 9, 2004 11:43 pm
|Route Climbed: South Ridge Date Climbed: February 8, 2003
|Great day hike. Saw one other person the whole day.
|Posted Mar 12, 2003 12:40 am
|Joe Hanssen
|Route Climbed: South Slope Date Climbed: March '02
|Quick climb on a clear day. The South Slope is very easy, once on top the summit drops away into it's northern cliffs. Four others were up there with teles. I made a ski descent.
|Posted Jul 29, 2002 6:18 pm


text:
Temporary Price Drop
$368.99 -
List Price: $637.99
Was: - (Save )
Ends: Today at ET!
You save 42%
{{{true:'No image available for this option.', false:'Hover an option to enlarge.'}[largeSwatch.src === 0]}}
This option is not available with your selected options.
HN-VKR494 Vickerman
American Pre-lit LED Upside Down Half Christmas TreeItem # HN-VKR494
Roll over to zoom
Click for full screen
- 6 ft. tree with a 46 in. base
- Beautiful, medium shaped pine tree with PVC tips
- Densely packed with 879 tips
- Pre-lit with 315 warm white and multi lights
- Comes with on/off switch step
Full Description
Delivery Estimate
More From This Brand
Guarantee & Returns
Recommended Accessories
Similar Christmas Trees
Winter Park Slim Pre-lit Christmas Tree
$129.98 - $239.99
Classic Pine Full Pre-lit Christmas Tree
$119.98 - $349.98
Classic Tabletop Unlit Christmas Tree - 4.5 ft.
Snowy Dunhill Full Pre-lit Christmas Tree
$339.98 - $549.98
Vickerman 6.5 ft. Flocked Utica Fir Dura-Lit Christmas Tree
Classic Pre-lit Christmas Tree - 7.5 ft.
Customer Reviews
Earn up to $3 in My Reward points
for reviewing this product when you join My Hayneedle Rewards
Write a review
200 points for each review = $2
300 points for reviews including an image or video = $3 Learn More
for reviewing this product when you join My Hayneedle Rewards
Write a review
200 points for each review = $2
300 points for reviews including an image or video = $3 Learn More
Customer Q & A
Be the first to ask a question about this product.
Enter your question, and one of our Customer Care experts will respond via email and also post the answer here.
Ask a Question
Email Address
Please Enter
Your Valid Email
Your Valid Email
Your Question
Please Enter
Your Question
Your Question
Sponsored Links
American Pre-lit LED Upside Down Half Christmas Tree
Bring home the spirit of Christmas with the American Pre-lit LED Upside Down Half Christmas tree. Delightfully designed, this upside down hanging tree is a fun-filled and joyous tree that will appeal to the young and adults alike. The tree is made of PVC which makes it long lasting and fire retardant. The tree is pre-lit with LED lights that sparkle like shining stars in the sky. The lights are professionally wired in such a way that the wires do not show. The tree is available in 6 ft height with 6


text:
- Displaying photos tagged Display panel [back to index]
Photo: Jessie Lin, Digitimes, Apr 16.
Pandigital PanTouch digital photo frame
Photo: Business Wire, Apr 3.
Dolby shows latest HDR display prototype developed in collaboration with SIM2
Photo: Company, Apr 2.
Epson's new 0.96-inch high-temperature polysilicon (HTPS) TFT panel
Photo: Company, Mar 26.
Photo: Company, Mar 17.
CeBIT 2008: PureDepth displayed its Multi-Layer Display (MLD) technology
Photo: Company, Mar 11.
PDI introduces new line of 5.7-inch monochrome QVGA modules
Photo: Company, Mar 7.
Techsol announces the TPC-43 Medallion touch panel computer
Photo: Company, Mar 4.
OSD's new LED-based 5.6-inch TFT display
Photo: Company, Feb 20.
Epson starts volume production of new HTPS panels compatible with WXGA
Photo: Company, Jan 30.
OSD introduces 7-inch LED-based panel
Photo: Company, Jan 22.
Mitsubishi unveils long-life 6.5-inch LCD display
Photo: Company, Jan 21.
Photo: Company, Jan 15.
LG.Philips LCD to show 47-inch double-sided public display at CES 2008
Photo: Company, Jan 3.
LG.Philips LCD to unveil 52-inch multi-touch panel at CES 2008
Photo: Company, Jan 3.
Sony showcases 3.5-inch multi-touch panel
Photo: Sony, Dec 27.
ITRI releases Ch-LCD display based on roll-to-roll manufacturing
Photo: Company, Dec 14.
OSD releases QVGA 5.7-inch TFT LCD
Photo: Company, Dec 12.
Hitachi Display introduces car-use LED-backlit panel
Photo: Company, Dec 11.
Samsung develops advanced digital X-ray detector using TFT technology
Photo: Business Wire, Nov 23.
Chimei CMV 958A 19-inch widescreen LCD monitor
Photo: Company, Nov 22.
Chimei CMV 948A 19-inch widescreen LCD monitor
Photo: Company, Nov 21.
BenQ 24-inch widescreen LCD monitor
Photo: BenQ, Nov 21.
BenQ G900WA 19-inch widescreen LCD monitor
Photo: BenQ, Nov 21.
BenQ G200WA 20-inch widescreen LCD monitor
Photo: BenQ, Nov 20.
BenQ VB2621 26-inch full HD LCD TV
Photo: BenQ, Nov 20.
BenQ VB3221 32-inch full HD LCD TV.
Photo: BenQ, Nov 16.
Mitsubishi Electronics introduces 140-inch Resolia LED screen monitor
Photo: Mitsubishi, Nov 16.
Sony unveils rugged 52-inch LCD display for hospitality industry
Photo: Sony, Nov 13.
Samsung mass producing 16M-color display driver IC for AMOLED applications
Photo: Korea NewsWire, Nov 13.
OSD begins offering 2.4-inch AMOLED panel
Photo: Company, Nov 13.
ViewsSonic 22-inch 16:10 widescreen monitor
Photo: ViewSonic, Nov 8.
2013 Taiwan Internationbal Lighting Show
LED firms around the world are participating in the Taiwan International Lighting Show from March 26-29.
Date: Mar 29.
Chenbros offers a range of server chassis.
Date: Jul 17.
The exhibit is taking place at Nangang Exhibition Hall from June 19-21.
Date: Jun 21.
Ultrabooks are the major focus at Computex this year.
Date: Jun 7.
SEH and Sumco, global top-2 silicon wafer suppliers
Date: Mar 23.
Date: Mar 22.
Affected PCB- and BT resin-making plants in Japan
Date: Mar 22.
8-Oct-2015 markets closed
|TSE electronic
|OTC electronic
- Samsung Electronics tips better-than-expected third quarter profit, shares surge (Oct 7) - Reuters
- Apple will reveal a 4K 21.5-inch iMac next week (Oct 5) - Mac News World
- Vizio's new 4K HDR TV costs almost as much as a Tesla (Oct 5) - TechCrunch
- 6 best 4K TVs (Wed 30) - The Independent
- Samsung denies its TVs cheat on power consumption tests (Oct 1) - PC World
- Toshiba may axe TV & PC workers, seek partner for nuclear operations-CEO (Oct 1) - Reuters
- In the Battle of the High-End TVs, OLED's Still King (Sep 22) - Wired
- Quantum dots, OLED go head-to-head in 65-inch TV shootout (Sep 22) - ExtremeTech
- Toshiba, SanDisk reportedly among takeover targets of Tsinghua
- Taiwan exports decrease in September, says MOF
- AUO announces management adjustments
- Taiwan LCD driver IC firms look to post more than 10% revenue decreases in 4Q15
- Motech Industries, Tainergy Tech September revenues up
- AUO reports September 2015 consolidated revenues
- Taiwan panel makers show revenue declines for 3Q15
- GLT reports record-high revenues for 3Q15
- SerComm 3Q15 revenues hit record
- Synnex Technology September revenues up on month, down on year
- Everlight Electronics sees sequential growth in September revenues
- Lite-On Technology sees increased September revenues
- Epistar, Lextar Electronics September revenues up on month, down on year
- TAITRONIC 2015 opens in Taipei, Taiwan
- Taiwan market: HTC unveils mid-range Desire 728 dual-SIM
- Yageo, Chilisin report increased September revenues
- Inventec enjoys revenue growth in September
- Korea makers developing more AMOLED products as China ramps up LCD production
- Global industrial energy management system revenues expected to reach US$35.6 billion in 2024, says report
- Gintech revenues drop in September due to capacity relocation
- HTC looks to a turnaround in 4Q15 with new models
- Tablet demand stays weak, say Taiwan IC designers
- Gigabyte reports revenues for September
- Compal reports revenues for September
- Pegatron reports revenues for September 2015
- Releases
- White papers
- Bulletin
- Focusing on four innovative applications, Merck unveils future display technologies at 2015 Touch Taiwan
- FORTREND Flexible Nano Liquid Diamond coated Touch Panel
- The rise of new enter in touch industry, TOI introduce large size IC to the market
- The Fortrend OGS received U.S. Patent Certificate
- Celebrate the 2014 FIFA World Cup with Digital Signage
- LSI completes acquisition of SandForce
- Fujitsu introduces ARROWS Z ISW11F au smartphone
- PSCo Technical Distribution partners with Matrox to offer fully integrated turnkey video walls
- Digital Signage Expo 2012 opens conference registration
- Subkarma invited OPTOTECH to take part in the '2011 Taipei World Design Expo'
- Digitimes Research: Shrinking tablet market prompts China touch panel supply chain to look for growth elsewhere
- Digitimes Research: Apple to push forward with In-Cell touch technology in 2015 but highly considering G/G for 2016
- Digitimes Research: Touch IC developers turning to fingerprint sensors
- Digitimes Research: Dell high-end LCD monitors may be 24-, 27-inch models
- Is Quantum Dot the next big thing for the TV market?
Quantum Dot TV technology breaking into the market
LCD TV makers are responding to the challenge of OLED, with quantum dot (QD) technology, curved screens and other innovations. In order to boost consumer...
Ultra HD is now the industry name for "4K" resolution
4K TVs continue to grow strong in the market and are expected to more than double in 2015. Panel makers and TV vendors alike are eying opportunities...
Touch Taiwan 2014 to be held in Taipei from August 27-29.
Rising competition from China supply chain: Q&A with Compal president Ray Chen
Compal Electronics was one of the pioneers that relocated its major production base to China from Taiwan...
Gaining an advantage in emerging markets: Q&A with India-based handset player Micromax
Sales of handsets in the India market reached 61.07 million units in the first quarter of 2014, with...
Quantum dot panel, lighting technology: Q&A with QD Vision
With increasing competition from AMOLED, TFT LCD display manufacturers are beginning to look to quantum...
The challenges: Digitimes Research director Joanne Chien on the changing Taiwan role in the global supply chain
Historically, Computex has played a key role in the global IT ecosystem, complementing other tradeshows...
- LCD TV overview - Jun 2011
Growth of the global LCD TV market was not as strong as expected in 2010 as the market continued to feel the aftershocks of the economic recession that had hit...
- A glimpse into the e-book reader market - May 2010
In 2008, worldwide e-book reader shipments totaled only 700,000 units, according to Digitimes Research. But demand exploded in 2009 as consumer interests grew...
- Overview of LCD TV market - May 2010
When the economic recession hit at the end of 2008, the LCD TV market seemed to be heading toward a doomsday scenario in 2009; however, demand turned out to be...
- Large-size LCD panel overview - Jun 2007
Global large-size LCD panel market revenues are expected to increase at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 12.5% to US$96.2 billion by 2011, up from US$53.5...
- Wireless broadband developments in Southeast Asia markets
As of 2013, the 10 ASEAN nations had a total of over 700 million mobile subscriptions, with the CAGR from 2003-2013 reaching 24%. This Digitimes Research Special Report analyzes the various mobile broadband markets in ASEAN and looks at the respective trends in 4G LTE development for those markets.
- 2015 global tablet demand forecast
This Digitimes Research Special Report provides a 2015 forecast for the global tablet market and analyzes the strategies of key market players such as Google, Apple, Intel, and Microsoft.
- 2015 China smartphone panel trend forecast
This Digitimes Research Special Report analyzes the strategies of key China-based major panel makers BOE, Tianma and IVO for attacking the different market segments through technology and pricing, and their relationship to local vendors Huawei, Lenovo, ZTE, Xiaomi and Coolpad.


text:
Photo Galleries
< MyNorthwest
Wednesday in photos
Jan. 9: Polar bear's snack, designer flaunts it at own show, rain-weathered doll
3 of 19
A horse grazes in a pasture in early morning fog caused by frost-producing overnight temperatures in Chia, on the outskirts of Bogota, Colombia, Wednesday, Jan. 9, 2013. In Colombia's highlands, crops are prone to freeze damage in the first few months of the year when temperatures are high during the day but drop below zero at night. (AP Photo/Fernando Vergara)
Photo by Fernando Vergara
Photo by Fernando Vergara
3 of 19
More Photo Galleries
Week in photos
Photos taken by the Associated Press Sept. 28 to Oct. 2.
Stargazers treated to supermoon eclipse
Stargazers were treated to a rare astronomical phenomenon with a total lunar eclipse combined with a so-called supermoon.
Week in photos
Photos from the Associated Press taken from around the world.
Four killed in Aurora Avenue Bridge crash in Seattle
The four people killed when a charter bus and Ride the Ducks vehicle collided were students from North Seattle College, The Seattle Times reports.
Big-name business leaders meet China's president in Seattle
Business leaders from Apple, Honeywell, Disney, Microsoft, Starbucks, Dow Chemical, Amazon, IBM, and many more attended a Wednesday morning meeting with the president of China.
Week in photos
Photos taken from around the world during Sept. 14-18.
Week in photos
Check out the week in photos from all over the world.


text:
French Beef Bourguignon
Source: dLife
A low-carb French feast of steak in mushrooms and red wine - tres bon!
0 3/4 cup Wine, red, Pinot Noir, 5 fl ounce serving
1 lb top sirloin steak, lean
3 each turkey bacon
0 1/2 each medium onions
2 each medium garlic cloves
1 cup sliced carrots
1 cup fresh chopped celery
1 tbsp fresh thyme
14 oz fat free unsalted beef broth
8 oz fresh mushroom slices
1 each medium tomatoes
ads keep dLife free
dLife Weekly Poll
Do you have all the doctors you need on your diabetes care team?
Sign in or Join dLife now to help keep track of your favorite recipes and foods.
ads keep dLife free


text:
Northside Hospital has been the comforting, familiar presence for mothers-to-be in Atlanta for more than a generation. In fact, we are the undisputed leader in maternity services, delivering more babies a year than any other community hospital in the country. That's because, in addition to having an expert staff and state-of-the-art maternity facilities, Northside's program provides mothers a full spectrum of care, from conception to birth and beyond.
Understandably, you are excited, eager and maybe just a little anxious about the emotional and physical journey that lies ahead. That's normal. From choosing a doctor and a hospital where your baby will be born to selecting just the right classes to help prepare you and your family for the miracle of childbirth - it's a time for new beginnings and a time for making many important decisions. We're here for you every step along the way for this exciting time in your life.
Ready for Your Baby
Pre-registration and more
Hospital Tours
Tour the hospital before your birth
Classes covering childbirth, breastfeeding, baby care, parenting and more
High-Risk Services
Individualized special care for when the unexpected happens
A Woman's Place boutiques
Nursing bras and aids, breast pumps and more
Support and expertise to help you and your baby enjoy the rewards of breastfeeding
Maternity Resources
Your personal guide to mom and baby care during your pregnancy and baby's first months
Support our babies through the Northside Foundation
Click here to download for Apple
Click here to download for Android
1000 Johnson Ferry Road NE
Atlanta, GA 30342
Phone: (404) 851-8000
201 Hospital Road
Canton, GA 30114
Phone: (770) 720-5100
1200 Northside Forsyth Drive
Suite 240
Cumming, GA 30041
Phone: (770) 844-3200