text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Publication date
|Jul 26, 1960
|Filing date
|Nov 22, 1955
|Priority date
|Nov 22, 1955
|Publication number
|Etter Thomas L, Roland Silver
|Original Assignee
|Etter Thomas L, Roland Silver
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (14), Referenced by (2), Classifications (7)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
July 26, 1960 R. SILVER ETAL v 2,946,927
1 ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS AND CIRCUITS AND METHODS OF FABRICATING THE SAME Filed Nov. 22, 1955 4 Sheets-Sheet l i INVENTORS wu/vo S/L v52 THOMAS L ETTEE July 26, 1960 v R SILVER EI'AL 2,946,927
ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS AND CIRCUITS AND METHODS OF FABRICATING THE SAME. Filed Nov. 22, 1955 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 4/ Ht a9 INVENTORS ,eom/va 5/1. 1/5? THOMAS 1.15775? July 26, 1960 $|LVER ETAL ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS AND CIRCUITS AND METHODS OF FABRICATING THE SAME 4 Sheets-Sheet 3 Filed Nov. 22, 1955 I I. I 1v 1. I. I. 1. I. I. I. I. I. I I a I UIWDIRECT/OMLLY COIVOWT/VE' ZNYERJ l/A/a/RECr/aMZL Y romoucr/ns' If!!! IN VEN TORS E LA/VD 5/ [/52 BY mo/ms z. HER
@ Jy/Qfifi ATTOR/V July 26,1960 R, 5. ER AL 2,946,927
ELECTRICAL COMPO A CIRCUITS AND METHODS OF FABR TING THE SAME Filed NOV. 22, 1955 81 53 I l y Pas. cur P05. we a 90 v 82 mu m. -12 87 TAKE-UP F550 R 1 1 (87 5,
4 Sheets-Sheet 4 omm, 6 T 12 a. f
g 1010100 I 5 57 Y INVENTORS POL/7ND S/LVER I nrrogzveys United States Patent Ofiice ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS AND CIRCUITS AND METHODS OF FABRICATING THE SAME Roland Silver, Boston, Mass. (432 Broadway, Cambridge, Mass. and Thomas L. Etter, 305 W. 103rd St., New York 25, N.Y.
Filed Nov. 22, 1955, Ser. No. 548,396
21 Claims. (Cl. 317-101) The present invention relates to the structures and fabrication of information-transforming networks and finite machines as well as their converters.
Information-transforming networks and finite machines are apparatus whose function is primarily the handling of information or data as opposed to the handling of power or abstraction of the information-handling property of an apparatus whose functioning is mixed. Such information may represent any type of intelligence or signal desired to be transferred, transformed, converted or modified. As one example, a radio transmitter serves to transform a pattern of information such as speech, music, pictures or a telegraphic code, into another pattern of information in the form of an electromagnetic signal and, therefore, functions as a coding device for transforming such information. Other forms of information-transforming networks may include computing machines, coding devices, process-controlling devices, electronic circuits or the like.
Conventional information-transforming networks comprise a series of elementary components such as wires, resistors, capacitors, coils, relays, electron tubes of various types, transistors, etc., combined into diverse and relatively complex combinations. It has been a characteristic of the design of such components that during at least some phases of the manufacture of each individual component, it has been required that the subtly differentiated and complex perceptive abilities, responses and manipulative facilities of a human operator be present..
As a consequence, because of the limits of the manipulative abilities of human operators, there exists a lower limit of size of such components, requiring them to house several or many cubic centimeters in volume. Also, it is characteristic of present information-transforming networks, that the assembly of these components requires many essentially different kinds of operations performed by human operators, i.e., the placement of wires and other components, securing them, soldering them, plugging in or mounting components, etc. Because of these conditions of manufacture, the unit cost of components cannot be decreased beyond a lower threshold, the assembly time of the complete information-transforming networks is long, and they are relatively bulky and expensive, which forms a limitation on the complexity of such devices which can be fabricated.
The present invention is specifically concerned with providing generalized forms of components and assemblages of components for information-transforming networks which can be formed and assembled by relatively simple fully automatic procedures having a minimum of human attendance permitting considerable lower unit cost and much smaller size of components. The term fabric has been selected to designate the generic form of assemblage of components according to the basic principles of the present invention.
According to this invention, the various forms of components, differentiated according to their electrical function, are designed and adapted to be produced preferably automatically and are formed from a common base structure upon which selectively different but simple operations are performed to convert that base structure into the respective components. That base, according to a preferred form of the invention, is a rod or thread of insulating material, which can be fabricated as separate sections of convenient length or can be fabricated as a continuous length such as might be coiled upon a spool or reel. Successive preferably equal or modular lengths of the base material are then fabricated into their respective components of the final information-transforming network. Such fabrications may include such steps as depositing various layers thereon and selectively cutting away certain layers. In the case of the continuous length base, these components are not in any way severed from the base material or from each other but are formed in succession in the order required for the automatic assembly procedure indicated below. To assemble such components into the final information-trans forming network, the order of their fabrication on the base is designed so that, by a simple disposition or arrangement of the base, selected components are automatically juxtaposed as desired, and means are provided in their structure and in their juxtaposition to form suitable electrical connections as required for the purposes at hand. Once the desired network is established, the sequence of fabrication of the components is determined as well as the sequence and manner of the juxtaposition.
The term fabric more particularly means a geometric array of components having the same generic form with a small number of specific different characteristics. One form of fabric may be a honeycomb or rectangular array of rotationally symmetrical cylindrical components such as rods and another form may be a single or multilayer helical winding of one or more continuous bases with components formed thereon, in which the juxtaposition of successive turns or of successive layers pro vides the necessary interconnection.
It is accordingly a principal object of the present invention to provide a new form of a variety of electrical components, having a generic resemblance, and circuits made therefrom, to provide a novel manner of interconnection into any desired predetermined network or circuit, particularly adapted for the automatic fabrication of both the components and the circuit, forming an improved form of automation for the small-current electrical industry.
The other objects and advantages of the present invention will be better understood from consideration of the following description taken in conjunction with the appended drawings, in which:
Fig. l is a perspective view of a portion of fabric, cut out from the whole.
Fig. 2 is an elevational view partly in longitudinal section of a resistorelement according to the invention.
Fig. 3 is a transverse cross-sectional view of Fig. 2 along line 3-3 thereof.
Fig. 4 is an elevational view partly in longitudinal section of a modified form of resistor element.
Fig. 5 is a transverse cross-sectional view of the structure of Fig. 4 along line 55 thereof.
Fig. 6 is a similar elevational view of a further modified form of resistor element.
Fig. 7 is a similar elevational View of one form of capacitor according to the invention.
Fig. 8 is a similar elevational view of one form of inductor according to the present invention.
Fig. 9 is a similar elevational view of another form of inductor according to the invention.
Fig. 10 is a schematic circuit diagram of a parallel tuned circuit with parallel resistance.
Patented July 26, 1960 Fig. 11 is an elevational view of an arrangement of filaments in a fabric providing the circuit of Fig. 10.
Fig. 12 is a schematic circuit diagram of a different circuit.
Fig. 13 is an elcvational view of a fabric arrangement having the circuit of Fig. 12.
Fig. 14 is an elevational view of the fabric arrangement for a circuit having resistor and capacitor elements connected by a wiring element.
Fig. 15 is an elevational view showing another form of wiring band for a fabric arrangement.
Fig. 16 shows a similar view of an outer terminal or connection for fabric.
Fig. 17 is a partial cross-sectional View of Fig. 16.
Fig. 18 is a cross-sectional elevational view of a rectifier element according to the present invention.
Fig. 19 shows an elevational view partly in longitudinal section of a point-contact transistor element useful in a fabric arrangement.
Fig. 20 is a similar view of a modified rectifier element with a modified form of wiring element.
Fig. 21 is a schematic diagram of a mechanism for fabricating the elements and the fabric arrangement.
Fig. 22 shows a similar diagram of a modified form of such mechanism.
Fig. 23 shows an end view of one form of rod fabric arrangement.
Fig. 24 shows a perspective view of a fragment of apparatus for winding the filament or filaments into a fabric arrangement.
Fig. 25 shows a perspective view of a winding form which is a modification of that in Fig. 24.
Fig. 1 shows a general view of a portion of fabric, made up of a plurality of juxtaposed base filaments (i.e., rods or continuous threads) which at different locations therealong, carry structures which perform the function of electrical circuit components, the arrangement and contiguity of which form a circuit. Before describing the circuit in detail, it is believed simpler and clearer first to describe the structure of various of the common electrical components according to the invention. These components may include such things as resistors, capacitors, coils, rectifiers, tubes, relays and wires or the like.
I. Resistors Figs. 2 and 3 illustrate the manner in which resistors may be fabricated. The base or core 21, illustrated as a circular cross-section filament of insulating material (such as synthetic plastic, glass, quartz or the like), is coated as shown schematically at 22 by a layer of any suitable material having electrically resistive properties. At each end of the resistive layer 22 is formed a conductive band 23 which provides the terminals for the resistor.
This resistive coating 22 may be applied by spraying, painting, brushing or the like and its thickness, resistivity and length are correlated to the desired resistive value to be obtained. As is well known, the total resistance is directly proportional to the length and specific resistivity and inversely proportional to the cross-sectional area of resistance material.
' The terminal bands 23 are made of conductive material, and may similarly be applied by spraying, painting, brushing, dip-coating, squeegeeing; from a medium containing metallic powders and binder suspended in a liquid, followed by drying and/or firing or sintering; by deposition by chemical reduction; by vacuum evaporation; by deposition by decomposition of a gaseous metal'compound (such as nickel carbonyl); by deposition of solution ceramics; by sputtering or printing; or by plating or by mechanically clamping a metallic strip around the base filament 21. The terminal bands 23 are spaced by a fixed modular distance, which is an integral multiple of a unit dimension chosen for the entire system of components.
As will be seen below, this dimension may be a unit length or a unit are.
One desirable method of fabrication is to provide a blank, formed by the core 21, with a continuous resistive coating 22a thereon and a continuous outer conductive coating 23a. Such coatings can be formed in well known manner as by plating, depositing, dipping, sputtering, painting, etc. Then by machining, abrading, etching or the like, the blank has its conductive coating 23.: removed except for the terminal bands 23, and has the resistive coating 22a removed adjacent the bands 23, except for the layer 22. The core 21 may be reinforced by a central thread of higher tensile strength material, such as metal, surrounded by an insulating layer, if desired.
A further form of such resistors is shown in Figs. 4 and 5 which provides a closer control of the resistance value. As shown in this case, the insulating core 21 has a coating 25 of resistance material with a relatively low resistivity. At either end of the low-resistance layer 25 is a short length of more highly resistive material forming a band 26, and these bands 26 in turn are encircled by conductive terminal bands 23. The ultimate value of the resistor element is thus formed by the sum of the radial resistances of the two bands 26 and the axial resistance of the layer 25, and can then be readily adjusted to a final value by abrading or removing a sufficient amount of the low-resistance layer 25 between the two terminal bands 23.
The method of fabrication may be as for Fig. 2, having a blank for-med by core 21, a continuous lower resistance layer 25a, a continuous higher resistance layer 26a, and an outer conductive layer 23a, which by machining, abrading or the like can leave the component shown in Fig. 4 formed on the core 21.
In this form, the current flow will be from one terminal band 23 through the high resistive layer 26, through the low resistive layer 25, back through the other high resistive layer 26, to the other terminal band 23. In some circumstances this might provide excessive potential gradients in the resistive material where large voltage drops occur across the resistor. This can be avoided by the form shown in Fig. 6, in which the low resistive layer 25 is completely surrounded by a high resistive layer 26a and the terminal bands 23 are placed at the ends of the high resistive layer 26a. The path of current flow is now from the terminal band 23 to the high resistance layer 26a and through the parallel path provided by high resistive layer 26a and the lower resistance layer 25. Naturally, the larger current will flow through the low resistance layer and this current will then flow back across the high resistive layer 26a to the other terminal band 25. Thus a portion of the high resistance layer 2612 is in series with the low resistive layer 25, and another portion is in parallel with it. The series portion has large enough area so that it has negligible field whereas the parallel portion, being longer and of smaller cross section, has a high enough resistance so that small variations in its thickness will have slight effect on the total resistance.
This component can be fabricated from the same blank as for Fig. 4. The total resistance can be manually or automatically adjusted by varying the cross-section of the high resistive layer 26 as by removing a part of the material, by machining, cutting, abrading, or the like, or their design may be made to allow for any variations which may occur during production.
ll. Capacitors Fig. 7 shows an elementary form of capacitor in which the insulating core 21 is surrounded by a conductive layer 27 surrounding which in turn is a dielectric layer 28. The terminal bands 23 are then positioned about the ends of the dielectric layer 28. The areas of the terminal bands 23 in relation to the inner conductive layer 27 provide in effect two series-connected capacitors, whose capacitance is determined not only by the areas of the conductive portions but also by the dielectric constant of the material of insulating layer 28. For large values of capacitance, it is preferable to use titanium ceramic compounds, such as barium titanate, for the dielectric material, having a dielectric constant of the order of several thousand which can provide compact high value capacitance.
In fabrication, a blank may be formed as above, with the conductive layer 27 continuously formed upon the core 21 in automatic fashion in any suitable way, such as mentioned above. Subsequently, the dielectric layer 28 is formed on the core filament 27 as by spraying, dipping, etc., followed where necessary or desirable by firing, baking or the like. A further continuous conductive layer 23a indicated schematically by the dash lines 31, is then formed on top of the dielectric layer 28 in similar manner to the layer 27. Thereafter the filament is machined to remove the material at the left and right edges of the finished component shown in Fig. 7, as by a rotary cutting tool or jet-borne abrasives or ultrasonic machining or by spark machining in which sparks or arcs remove material from the blank. Similarly, the material between I desired terminal bands 23 is removed by machining,
abrading, or the like. The value of capacitance is determined primarily by the axial length of the terminal bands 23 which can be formed to size while actually indicating the capacitance of the unit so as to remove exactly the correct amounts of material to provide the required capacitance value.
111. Coils Coils are fabricated in the manner illustrated in Fig. 8 wherein the insulating core 21 is provided with a continuous conductive layer 32 to form a coil blank in Which is cut a helical groove to leave a helical conductive strip forming a coil. Terminal bands 23 are automatically formed by leaving a complete circle at the end. Where eddy currents constitute a problem, the closed loops 23 may be omitted. As an alternative form, a double pitch helix can be cut into the conductive coating 32 as shown in Fig. 9 so that the two helical conductive bands remaining are like two intermeshed coils. In this case, no closed end bands are used. The terminal bands of the contiguous filament are made of greater width than the space between the two windings and less than the pitch of either, and separated so that contact will be made to both ends of a single coil or to both ends of both coils, depending upon the rotational position of the filament, without any turns being shorted. If the ends are connected together, one inductor is formed; otherwise the structure is a transformer. This principle can be extended: if there are 2n coils out together as above, and n pairs of correctly spaced terminal bands with the above widths, then a transformer will result with n tightly coupled windings and no shorted turns, invariant of the rotation of the filament. The pitch and number of turns are, of course, determined by the inductance it is desired to provide.
Transformers, especially for high frequency work, can also he provided by axially juxtaposing two such coils.
1 V. Connections Connections are effected by contiguity of the conductive terminal bands at the ends of'each component. Figs. 10 and 11 illustrate in developed view how a simple parallel resonant circuit with shunting resistance for broad banding might be provided according to the present invention. This circuit as schematically illustrated in Fig. 10 has an inductance L, capacitance C and resistance R all in parallel. As shown in Fig. 11 this circuit can be provided by juxtaposing three core sections 36, 37 and 38, each having terminal bands 39 and 41, the terminal bands being equally spaced and juxtaposed. Element 36 is formed as a resistor in the manner described above and accordingly is so indicated schematically in dotted lines. It is effectively resistance R. Element 37 is formed as a capacitor in the manner described above and hence can serve as the capacitance C of Figure 10. Element 38 is similarly formed as an inductance L, and the parallel connection of these elements is provided by the contacting of the terminal bands 39 and 41.
If further wire connections are desired, simple wiring elements illustrated at 42 can be provided formed by an insulating core 21 with simple terminal bands 39 and 41 formed thereon. In accordance with the principles outlined above, the wi-ring elements would be formed from a blank having the core 21 continuously coated with conductive material which is removed at appropriate places to leave only the wiring bands 39, 41' of Fig. 11. A conventional wire connection would be formed in the present invention by one or more of these wiring elements 42 juxtaposed to provide any desired length for interconnection of any two points.
As indicated above, wiring or terminal bands are preferably spaced a modular distance apart, so as to engage the similarly spaced component terminal bands. Where convenient, wiring bands need not be in pairs, but may appear singly.
For a series connection, wider terminal bands may be used, such as of triple axial length. This is shown in Fig. 13, showing a series-parallel connection of the type schematically illustrated in Fig. 12. Capacitor element 43 has one single-width band 44 (for parallel-connection) and a triple-width band 45 for series connection to resistor element 36 which is as in Fig. 11. Inductor element 38 is also as in Fig. 11. Fig. 14 shows a series R-C circuit formed by a wide (series-type) wiring band 46.
Also, the wiring bands may be made as long as necessary to provide connection between two components at its ends. Thus, in Fig. 15, an elongated wiring band 47 may interconnect two terminal bands 39, 41 at ditferent levels.
It will be understood that two components to be connected need not be contiguous physically, or even in the same region, but can be connected by a wire formed from an arbitrary number of pairwise contiguous bands, which wire is electrically isolated from all other wires and components if need be. Such wiring provides essentially any electrical connections necessary, and nearly infinite possibilities for interconnection.
It will be understood that the terminal and wiring bands may be pre-tinned or coated with solder in paste or liquid or electroplated form so that upon the application of heat in any desired manner, such as, for example, by inductive heating, the points of contact will become soldered together to form a rigid unitary interconnected structure as desired. In some cases mere pressure or contact may supply suitable electrical connection.
While the elements 36, 37, 38 and 42 are illustrated as circular coplanar rods, it will be understood that they can be any type of axially symmetrical elements and can be stacked in or wound honeycomb fashion to produce a three-dimensional space network. Also these elements need not be linear, but may be formed by adjacent turns of a helical coil, of either single or multiple pitch.
Power connections, and input and output connections may be formed as large connected conductive areas on the outside wires or rods forming the fabric. Two such areas are shown at 49 and 61 in Figs. 16 and 17. Such areas are conductively connected to the interior of the array by wires progressing inward and/or downward.
It will be apparent that fabrication of the various components and their interconnection are readily and simply effected by automatic means. The core is provided with successive layers of various materials and then the components are formed by cutting grooves or indentures are formed in the coated core. The more important components, such as those indicated above, have cores which are of no electrical importance and can'be' shared with other components. Hence, the components can be formed in succession on the same core. Arbitrarily long filament blanks are formed from appropriate materials for the many types of component, these blanks having the core with the coatings already thereon. These blanks are then appropriately machined so as to create strings of components, adjacent components on the same wire being separated by annular grooves which extend to the core. The resultant filaments of components are wound into a coil with components to be interconnected being either juxtaposed with their terminal bands in contact or else juxtaposed to one or more sequentially intermediate wiring bands so as to provide a conductive path therebetween. After such winding, the resultant assemblage may be subjected to various treatments such as heating to perform soldering or potting to perform isolation from atmospheric variations, or the like to form the finished network.
In many cases the same filament blank can be used for a plurality of components. Thus, any of the blanks described above can be used to fabricate wiring bands. The inductor of Fig. 8 or 9 can also be made with any of the blanks described herein. However, certain components may require special blanks, especially as to the cores. For example, metallic cores are undesirable for inductors and may add stray capacitance for capacitors.
In general, the core should be of the strongest and most resilient material that can be easily formed into wire, since the tension on the windings should be as great as possible without approaching the elastic limit of the core. For most filament blanks, the core may be made of steel or other good tensile strength metal, coated with insulation. The insulation should be able to withstand soldering temperatures, where soldering is used, and its tem-- perature coefficient must be in harmony with the other materials used, to prevent cracking. Of course, it should have good electrical properties, notably low power factor. Dielectric strength is of lesser importance, although it should be adequate. A most promising material is Teflon, in view of its good properties and the simple techniques for using it as an enamel on Wire.
For the conductive layers, the usual good conductors, such as copper and silver are preferred, since they can be readily applied either electrically or chemically by deposition.
In addition to the foregoing circuit elements, which make up substantially all linear passive networks, the present invention also includes other circuit components useful with the foregoing and manufacturable by similar techniques.
V. Rectifiers and transistors Rectifiers of the metallic film type, such as those using selenium or copper oxide can be formed as shown in Fig. 18, in which the core 21 is provided with a conductive coating 56, surrounding which is placed a rectifier film coating such as selenium or copper oxide. For example, this might be done by evaporating or by plating. An outer conductor coating is then applied and is cut away where desired. As shown in Fig. 18, the smaller-area outer conductivelayer 51 is the anode termiml and the larger-area outer conductive layer 52 is the cathode terminal. These layers 51 and 52 surround respective unidirectionally conductive layers 53, 54 formed for example, of selenium or copper oxide, which in turn surround a continuous conductive layer 56 on the core 21, which may be either insulating or conductive.
This arrangement is essentially two rectifiers connected in series opposition but, because of the difference in surface area, a net unidirectionally conductive character istic is obtained. Thus, if the ratio of back-to-forward resistivity of the rectifier layer 54 be designated by r,
and if a be'the ratio of anode to cathode area, then the overall back-to-forward resistance is For copper oxide or selenium operated above a 'few volts, r is much larger than a, and the overall resistance is essentially a, which is the ratio of anode length to cathode length and can be made to have any desired value. Of course, any other convenient rectifier materials could also be used.
Point contact rectifiers and transistors may also be provided, one form being shown in Fig. 19. A core 21 is coated with a conductive coating 101 about which is applied a cylinder'102 of germanium or other suitablesemi-cond-uctive material. A second core 21A has conductive terminal bands 103, 104, 106 thereon. Band 103 may be the emitter electrode, band 104 the collector electrode, and the wide'band 106 the base electrode.' The emitter and collector electrodes 103, 104 must be of sufficiently small width (.00 3 inch or less) and spaced 'sufiiciently close to one another and to the base 106 (.003 inch or less) to provide proper point-contact transistor operation.
Junction transistors may be formed by using appropriate band probes, such as of indium or the like, with a forming process, for example, with sufficient temperature and time to diffuse the indium into the germanium to form a junction layer.
The foregoing circuit and wiring elements form a consistent system, with all elements having the same outer diameter and having modular lengths, permitting simple combination with an infinite variety of networks. The modular length scheme is convenient, but not essential, so long as upon assembly, the proper terminals come into contact. Also, in some situations .it is acceptable to have wiring elements of different diameter, in which case the structure of capacitor and rectifierelements is simplified, as shown in Fig. 20 which shows a rectifier element as in Fig. 18; but omitting terminal 51 and layer 53. Instead, the conductive layer 55 is laid bare to form one terminal and is in contact with the enlarged wiring band 57 on an adjoining filament 58 which may also have another smaller wiring band 5 9 for contacting terminal 52. It will be understood that where layer 54 is a dielectric, a capacitor is formed adapted for wir; ing in the same manner.
In machining blanks and winding filaments to form the fabricated filaments, it is essential that the cuts be accurately positioned along the filaments, despite variations in tension or blank diameter which may cause appreciable variations in the distance between far re moved points on the blank. It is therefore desirable to maintain accurate local control of the displacement of the work, closely adjacent the point of assembly into the finished fabric. This may bedone, for example, by placing periodic circular scratches on the blanks as soon as produced, to be detected later by optical or electrical methods, which then control application of the cutting or forming tools. Such control can be completely automatic, in response, for example, to perforated tapes or other preformed records produced during design of the fabric for the specific network desired. In this waythe blanks and filaments can be moved in accurately controlled discrete steps.
Fig. 21 shows in schematic form one form of machine for fabricating filaments from blanks. It comprises a feed reel 81 containing a continuous filamentary supply of blank 82 which is fed through braking rollers 83 to a position indicator 84 and thence successively througha cutting station =85, turning supports 86 (which are optional), a second position indicator 37, an inspection station 83, drive rollers 89 and a take-up reel 90, which when desired may be replaced by the fabric winding ap- "paratus described below. The reels 81, 90, the brake 83, turning support '86 and drive rollers 89 are made rotatable relative to the remainder of the machine. The position indicators prevent operation upon the blank until the position-scratches are properly aligned. The cutting Station contains QUtOInatiCally operated cutting tools for making the proper length and depth of cuts. The inspection Station provides an Optical check on length of out and electrically measures the individual components. I
Where accumulated errors may be material, an arrangement may be provided for automatically correcting the cutting of the various bands. This is shown in Fig. 22. In this figure, the filament blank 111 passes over a drum or pulley 112 cooperating with a cutter mechanism 21 13 of suitable type discussed above, which performs the required fabricating operations to convert the blank into the desired circuit elements. The fabricated blank is then wound on a mandrel 114 to form the complete coil-type fabric. A sensor mechanism 116 notes the passage of the bands under it, and sends information to a program computer 117 which is also supplied with information as to the instantaneous angular position of mandrel 1'14 by a connection 118. A pre-recordecl program, such as a tape record, is also supplied to computer 117, as indicated schematically at 119. This tape indicates at what angular position of mandrel 114 the various bands should appear, and the computer 117 correspondingly controls the starting and stopping of the cutter 113, by means of a connection 121.
For example, for layer No. 15 of coil 115, the sequence of cutting may be in part as follows:
1. At 10 35' of mandrel 114, start band 2. At 10 45 of mandrel 114, stop band 3. At 10 50 of mandrel 114, start band 4. At 11 45' of mandrel 114, stop band 5. At 11 59' of mandrel 114, start band As a particular band edge comes under sensor 116, it sends a signal to computer 117 which notes the instantaneous angle of that edge. If, for example, in operation 1 above, the actual band edge position is 10 33 (rather than the desired 10 35), the computer then retards the cutter correspondingly to correct for such an error, which might have been caused by stretch in the blank, mandrel eccentricity, temperature variation, creep, servo overshoot, etc. If the layer No. 15 being wound had a radius of say 1.571 inch, this angular error of 2' would correspond to a linear error of .92 mil, and the computer would delay the cutting command to cutter 113 by this .92 mil error, to make the required correction before serious misalignment occurs.
In forming the finished fabric, one simple way is to 10 fabrieis by winding one or more continuous filaments instead of using separate rods. Fig. 24 shows schematically such an arrangement, in which four filaments 91 are Wound side by side upon a rotating mandrel 92 having a flange 93 at either end. As the filaments approach the flange 93, a pin 94 extends paraxially outward and the filaments are looped ever it as shown. Then the direction of rotation is reversed so that the filaments 91 are wound oppositely in a second layer in which each filament is displaced by one-half a thread Width and falls between two contiguous filaments of the first layer, to build up the fabric in this manner by successive layers to the required number. Of course, the order and arrangement of components and Wiring bands is predesig'ned to yield the desired final array for the fabric. Heat may be applied at intervals to solder the components together. Automatic tensioning means may be provided to make minute registration adjustments by cut the filament into fixed length sections or rods each containing one or more components, and stacking these rods in a three-dimensional array on a fiat plate to provide alignment. A form or jig is applied during buildup of the array to prevent sliding and rolling. After completing the array, heat is applied which melts solder on the component terminal bands, resulting in a stable rigid fabric. 7
One desirable form of such rod fabric array is shown in Fig.- 23. The rods 126 are supported by a trough arrangement 127, shown illustratively as having a 9Q angle, although other desirable angles may be used. In assembly, the first rod is laid at the bottom of trough 127. The successive layers are then formed by starting rods on lower layers, supported by the sloping sides of trough 127. By use of a 90 angle, a desirable square array of rods is achieved. A 60 angle will produce a triangular array, and other angles may be used. A top plate 128 is finally applied by which pressure is applied to the array, maintaining good electrical contract between the rod bands.
Another "and preferable manner of completing the stretching or slackening so that all components will properly align. The final product is a coil in form, which may be potted or otherwise protected from atmospheric effects and unravelling.
The triangular arrangement of Fig. 25 may also be used for continuous filament fabric. A biconical mandrel 129 is used, having a slot 131 therein. A pin 132 slides through slot 131 for the same purpose as pin 94 of Fig. 24. After each layer is covered, the filament is pulled in a loop through the slot 131, hooked over pin 132 and the direction of Winding is reversed for the next layer. A multiple filament winding can be made in similar manner, with as many slot and pin arrangements as there are independent threads.
According to another aspect of the invention a plurality of separate continuous filaments may be used. For example, one filament may constitute all the resistors, another all the capacitors, a third all the rectifiers or semi-conductive devices, and a fourth all the inductors. In addition, each filament may include necessary wiring bands or connections. This, of course, is easily accomplished since all types of filament discussed above have an exterior conductive coating which by itself can readily serve as a wiring connection. In this way, one filament may have the resistive layer or layers required for resistors, another can have a semi-conductive layer for rectifiers and the like, while still another has the dielectric layer for capacitors and for inductors. Fabrication is also simplified since each filament may pass through a separate fabricating stage especially adapted for its specific type of circuit component.
It will be understood that the final coil may include a plurality of networks, and can later be cut apart as desired.
Accordingly, it will be seen that the present invention provides a radically novel set of electrical circuit components adapted for unique and automatic assembly into networks as desired. 7
It will be understood that the foregoing embodiments of the invention are to be deemed illustrative only, since many other forms of the invention will be readily apparent to one skilled in the art without departing from the spirit or the scope of the present invention, which is defined in the appended claims.
What is claimed as the inventions is:
1. An electrical circuit comprising a continuous coiled filament having turns thereof in contiguous relation to one another, said filament being formed to have electric circuit components formed at spaced points along the length thereof, certain of said circuit components on different turns of said filament being in electrical contact to form an electrical circuit, each of said components being formed of equal length sections and with a pair of conductive bands surrounding said filament at the respective ends of each said section, said bands being in contact with similar bands of components on adjacent filaments to form said circuit.
2. An electrical circuit comprising a plurality of lengths of filament in contiguous relationship each length being integrally formed as one or more circuit components, said components being taken from the group comprising resistors, capacitors, inductors, rectifiers, transistors and wiring connectors, with certain components of each length in contact with one or more components of one or more contiguous lengths, a portion of one of said lengths of filament comprising a filamentary core, a resistive coating on said core and a pair of conductive coatings respectively on either end of said resistive coating, said conductive coatings forming terminals for the resistor constituted by the resistive coating therebetween.
3. An electrical circuit comprising a plurality of lengths of filament in contiguous relationship each length being integrally formed as one or more circuit components, said components being taken from the group comprising resistors, capacitors, inductors, rectifiers, transistors and wiring connectors, with certain components of each length in contact with one or more components of one or more contiguous lengths, a portion of one of said lengths of filament comprising a filamentary core, a pair of con centric resistive coatings of different resistivity on said core and a pair of conductive end bands spaced along said core at either end of a section of said coatings and forming terminals for the resistor formed by the coatings therebetween.
4. A circuit as in claim 3 wherein the outer of said resistive coatings is cut away between said end bands.
5. An electrical circuit comprising a plurality of lengths of filament in contiguous relationship each length being integrally formed as one or more circuit components, with certain components of each length in contact with one or more components of one or more contiguous lengths, a portion of one of said lengths of filament comprising a filamentary core having a conductive surface, a dielectric coating surrounding a portion ofsaid surface, and a pair of axially spaced conductive coatings surrounding said dielectric coating and forming terminals for the series-connected capacitor arrangement formed by said coatings and surface.
6. An electrical circuit comprising a plurality of lengths of filament in contiguous relationship each length being integrally formed as one or more circuit components, with certain components of each length in contact with one or more components of one or more contiguous lengths, a portion of one of said lengths of filament comprising a filamentary core having a conductive surface, a dielectric coating section surrounding a portion of said surface, and a conductive coating surrounding a part of said dielectric coating section and forming a terminal for the capacitor formed by said coatings and surface, a second terminal being formed by said conductive surface extending beyond one end of said dielectric coating section.
7. An electrical circuit comprising a plurality of lengths of filament in contiguous relationship each length being integrally formed as one or more circuit components, with certain components of each length in contact with one or more components of one or more contiguous lengths, each of said components being formed of a section of one of said filament lengths with a conductive band at least partially surrounding each end of said section to form a terminal therefor.
8. A circuit as in claim 7 wherein said bands are of equal axial length and certain of said filaments comprise sections each having an insulating surface, a further conductive band at least partially surrounding said surface, said further band having a greater axial length than said equal length for interconnection of said components.
9. A circuit as in claim 7, wherein said filaments are of equal diameter.
10. A circuit as in claim 7 wherein said filaments are stacked in a rectangular array.
11. A circuit as in claim 7 wherein said filaments are stacked in a hexagonal array.
12. An electrical circuit comprising a plurality of lengths of filament in contiguous relationship each length being integrally formed as one or more circuit components, with certain components of each length in contact with one or more components of one or more contiguous lengths, a portion of at least one of said filament lengths comprising a filamentary core section having a conductive surface, a semi-conductive layer on said surface, and a pair of axially spaced conductive layers on said first layer and serving as terminals for the rectifier component formed thereby.
13. A circuit as in claim 12 wherein said conductive layers have unequal axial lengths.
14. An electrical circuit comprising a plurality of lengths of filament in contiguous relationship each length being integrally formed as one or more circuit components, with certain components of each length in contact with one or more components of one or more contiguous lengths, a portion of at least one of said filament lengths comprising a filamentary core section having a conductive surface, a semi-conductive layer on said surface, and a conductive element in contact with said layer.
15. A circuit as in claim 14 wherein said conductive element is a conductive band on an adjacent filament, and further including further conductive bands on said adjacent filament, said bands forming transistor terminals.
16. An electrical circuit comprising a plurality of lengths of filament in contiguous relationship, each length being integrally formed as one or more circuit components with certain components of each length in electrical contact with one or more components of one or more contiguous lengths and with certain components of'certain lengths electrically insulated from one or more corn ponents of contiguous lengths, each of said components being formed of a section of one of said filament lengths with a conductive band at least partially surrounding each of said sections to form a terminal therefor.
17. A circuit as in claim 16 wherein said lengths are formed by mutually independent filament rods.
18. A circuit as in claim 17 wherein said rods are of equal diameter.
19. A circuit as in claim 17 wherein said rods are stacked in a rectangular array.
20. A circuit as in claim 17 wherein said rods are stacked in a hexagonal array.
21. A circuit as in claim 16 wherein said components are taken from the group comprising resistors, capacitors, inductors, rectifiers, transistors and wiring connectors.
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 793,647 Fessenden July 4, 1905 2,268,223 Peterson Dec. 30, 1941 2,441,960 Eislcr May 25, 1948 2,542,726 Sullivan Feb. 20, 1951 2,602,988 Klym July 15, 1952 2,607,982 Hack et al Aug. 26, 1952 2,635,994 Tierman -1 Apr. 21, 1953 2,651,007 Shepard et al. Sept. 1, 1953 2,668,933 Shapiro Feb. 9, 1954 2,673,972 Minnium Mar. 30, 1954 2,682,595 Rubenstein June 29, 1954 2,716,736 Rex Aug. 30, 1955 2,769,119 Martin Oct. 30, 1956 2,798,140 Kohring July 2, 19 57
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Dec 14, 1904
|Jul 4, 1905
|Reginald A Fessenden
|Nov 19, 1937
|Dec 30, 1941
|Peterson Thomas F
|Multiple conductor cable
|Feb 3, 1944
|May 25, 1948
|Eisler Paul
|Manufacture of electric circuit components
|Jun 30, 1945
|Feb 20, 1951
|Herbert W Sullivan
|Method of forming inductor coils
|Nov 23, 1948
|Jul 15, 1952
|Kirkwood Commutator Company
|Commutator and blank for forming same
|Jun 23, 1948
|Aug 26, 1952
|Nat Lead Co
|Metallic composition
|Apr 27, 1950
|Apr 21, 1953
|Sprague Electric Co
|Production of carbon resistors
|Oct 1, 1945
|Sep 1, 1953
|Gen Electric
|Electronic apparatus and method of mounting
|May 25, 1951
|Feb 9, 1954
|Gustave Shapiro
|Miniature electron tube stage assembly
|Aug 13, 1949
|Mar 30, 1954
|Erie Resistor Corp
|May 16, 1952
|Jun 29, 1954
|Rubinstein Bertram
|Lead wire protector for resistors and the like
|Dec 8, 1949
|Aug 30, 1955
|Rex Harold B
|Saturable reactor
|Feb 28, 1951
|Oct 30, 1956
|Standard Coil Prod Co Inc
|Printed circuits
|Apr 6, 1953
|Jul 2, 1957
|Kohring Wilbur M
|Resistance coatings
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Mar 11, 1971
|Feb 5, 1974
|Mitchell R
|Thin oxide force sensitive switches
|Dec 15, 1975
|Oct 11, 1977
|Amp Incorporated
|Cable connectable bulkhead filter array
|U.S. Classification
|361/811, 439/85, 29/604, 361/779
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification


text:
- general images of the campus
- faculty teaching in classrooms
- students in academic settings
- student life activities
- classrooms, labs, studios, and campus facilities
- student artwork
- special events
If you are interested in viewing the photo archives or are looking for a specific image, contact us.
Photographer Requests
Communications and External Relations photographs most major college events. If your department is scheduling an activity that you want photographed, you can contact the office to determine if we plan to photograph the event; if not, the office can provide a referral to a photographer, who will be paid by your department. We maintain a list of freelancers and can provide you with a referral.
It is recommended that you contact the photographer at least one week prior to the event and that you receive approval from your departmental supervisor when appropriate. When hiring a photographer use the following checklist to ensure that the assignment is clear.
Photograph Request Checklist
- Provide the photographer with the complete name, date, time, and location of event in writing.
- Discuss the logistics of the shoot prior to the event, such as details about special lighting needs.
- Provide name and phone number of a contact at the event that the photographer can meet.
- Assign someone to work with the photographer at the event to identify specific photos you need.
- Make sure you collect names of key individuals you photograph when the picture is taken.
- Photographer Rates
Most FIT freelance photographers are currently paid at the rate of $150 per hour. An additional $100-$150 production fee is charged for the photographer to edit the images, put them on a CD and print color contact sheets for you. Fees may differ based on your needs and the scope of the assignment. You should provide the photographer with details of the event prior to the assignment and confirm the fees you will be charged.
Contact Sheets, CDs, and Prints
Confirm with the photographer that approximately one week following your event, you will receive a color contact sheet of your photos, along with a CD of the digital photographs. The CD is yours to print larger images or email them as needed.
Photographic Rights
FIT has contracted with our freelance photographers to have unlimited rights to use their photographs in any college publication, FIT website, or in email communication. Fees for use in college advertising must be negotiated separately through the office of College Relations. These photographs may not be redistributed or resold in any manner. Please credit the photographer whenever using the photograph in a publication or website: Photograph by NAME for FIT.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
|ISSN 1088-6842(online) ISSN 0025-5718(print)
Some comments on Garsia numbers
Abstract | References | Similar Articles | Additional Information
Abstract: A Garsia number is an algebraic integer of norm such that all of the roots of its minimal polynomial are strictly greater than in absolute value. Little is known about the structure of the set of Garsia numbers. The only known limit point of positive real Garsia numbers was (given, for example, by the set of Garsia numbers ). Despite this, there was no known interval of [1,2] where the set of positive real Garsia numbers was known to be discrete and finite. The main results of this paper are:
Retrieve articles in Mathematics of Computation with MSC (2010): 11K16, 11Y40
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text:
vintage bottle openers
Antiques Bottle, Open Food Drinks, Vintage Collection Bottle, Bottle Open Re Foundobject Com, Vintage Bottle, Vintage Stuff, Bottle Beer, Bottle Poppers, Bottle Open Collection
Love these vintage bottle openers to give with some unusual bottle beers
Vintage Bottle Opener collection....
antique bottle openers
quinoa stuffed peppers w/ chipotle cashew "cream"
Chipotle Cashew, Food Blog, Cashew Cream, Cream Sauces, Cream Recipe, Quinoa Stuffed Peppers, Chipotle Cream, Food Recipe, Vegans Stuffed Peppers
Vegan stuffed peppers w/ chipotle "cream" recipe
epic food blog :)
Stuffed Peppers with Chipotle & Cashew Cream Sauce
stuffed peppers w/ chipotle "cream" #recipe #vegan #Food recipes
white type
Southern Recipe, Fletcher Design, Graphics Design Art, Graphics Projects, Identity Design, Homemade Biscuits, Southern Hospitals, Restaurant Branding, Fonts Combos
southern hospitality
homemade biscuits
Poogan's Porch identity design | J Fletcher Design
restaurant branding
like this font combo, LOVE that ampersand
Graphic-ExchanGE - a selection of graphic projects — Designspiration
Kale Yeah
Westelm, Gifts Ideas, Grocery Bags, Totes Bags, Kale Yeah, Marketing Totes, Farmers Marketing, Tote Bags, West Elm
Oh kale yeah grocery bag.
Aww so adorable! Market Tote Bag - Oh Kale Yeah #westelm
Oh kale yeah! Perfect gift idea for the veggie lover
Market Tote Bag - Oh Kale Yeah $18 from West Elm. I want to take this to a farmer's market...
Andrew Seppelt, Numbers Logos, Accessories Cars, Vintage Fonts, Logos Cars, Wine Labels, Logos Design, Graphics Design, Cars Accessories
No.4. Type. Vintage fonts.
#logo #Car accessory #Cars #Cars and such| http://carsandsuchcollections221.blogspot.com
Unique Logo Design on the Internet, Andrew Seppelt #logo #logodesign #brandidentity #vintage
Graphic Design . Envelope for men masculine
Wine Label
Another number logo?
love the stamp placement
Accessories Cars, Crystals Kluge, Stamps Placements, Envelopes, Cars Accessories, Coral Pheasant, Coral Cars, Kluge Hands, Lobsters Cards
Crystal Kluge hand via Coral #Car accessory #Cars| http://car-accessory-660.blogspot.com
lobster card... www.coralpheasant.com
crystal kluge (via coral pheasant) -stamp placement!
Love these envelopes. The lobster is so cute, and the modern calligraphy goes well with the illustration. Crystal Kluge hand via Coral Pheasant.
tumblr_lq16j7JMQh1qbycdbo1_500.jpg 369×700 pixels
Bicycles Design, Illustrations Art, Fixie Bicycles, Bike Design, Bike Poster, Hallways Pictures, Bicycles Art, Organizations Neat, Things Organizations
Bicycle Art
Things Organized Neatly: Bicycle
possible hallway picture
Bike Poster
bike #design #illustration #Art #creative #web #graphic #bike
best of brooks
Picnics Blankets, Bicycles, Bike Riding, Company Picnics, Summer Picnics, Recycled Wool, Old Bike, Vintage Bike, Wool Picnics
Recycled wool picnic blanket and straps from Beg Bicycles, yes, but everything in the pic, too, bike, basket, blanket, all of it
bike ride to a perfect picnic spot
vintage bike
Cool old bikes, and #summer picnic #picnic #company picnic #prepare for picnic
Recycled wool picnic blanket and straps from Beg #prepare for picnic #summer picnic #company #summer picnic #prepare for picnic #company picnic| http://company-picnic-688.blogspot.com
loving this simple diary design
The Roads, Bicycles, Love Gifts, Owners Handbook, Diaries Design, Fathersday Gifts, Book Design, Bike Owners, Hobbies Book
The Bike Owner's Handbook - Everything Dad needs from how to check tire pressure to avoiding pitfalls on the road. He loves his bike. You love him. Gift giving problem solved. #FathersDay #Gift #forDad
Peter Drinkell's The Bike Owner's Handbook | Understand the mechanics of fixing and maintaining your bicycle | www.rodales.com
Cycles of Fashion by Daniel London - Narratively: Local stories, boldly told. - Narratively: Local stories, boldly told.
New York Cities, Bicycles Photography, Vintage Photographers, Alice Austen, Bicycles Messenger, Bike Messenger, Vintage Photography, Ears Photography, Street Photography
New York City. Bicycle messenger 1896. Vintage Photo by Alice Austen
Vintage Photographs of People Living in New York In The 1800s/
AliceAusten found composure and beauty in common situations. More stunningly, she found it among lower class subjects -- bike messengers and street urchins, rag pickers and fishmongers. Most likely, she knew 'proper' New Yorkers would never have posed so spontaneously for her. In 1896, Alice stopped a messenger boy on the street to create a masterpiece of composition and form. She would do the same with policemen, postmen, even street sweepers. (NYPL) Bowery Boys : NYC History
Cycles of Fashion by Daniel London - Narratively: Local stories, boldly told. - Narratively: Local stories, boldly told.
Edward Penfield, Art Nouveau, Poster Frame-Black, Vintage Poster, Bicycles Noticed, Bicycles Poster, Vintage Bicycles, Bicycles Ads, I Noticed A Poster
Arte Nouveau Poster, 1900s // designed by Edward Penfield
Vintage Bicycle Posters
Stearns Bicycle Ad 1896
Woman Cycling Vintage Poster
Inspiration, Bike, Bicycles Prints, Color, Bicycles Illustrations, Trukhan Illustrations, Art Prints, Ekaterina Trukhan, Bicycles Art
Color Inspiration : Bicycles Art Print by Ekaterina Trukhan
Bicycles print by Ekaterina Trukhan | Love the color scheme
Bikes! //Bicycles print by Ekaterina Trukhan | Shared on Creature Comforts Blog
Ekaterina Trukhan Illustration
L'uomo col martello
Poster Art, Art Prints, Rocco Malatesta, Graphics Design, Fine Art, Movies Poster, Bicycles Art, Lecoq1 Rocco, Bicycles Graphics
Bicycle Graphic Design
L'UOMO,COL,MARTELLO,X,LE,COQ,SPORTIF,—,100%,Cotton,Paper,Giclée Poster, Rocco Malatesta, Illustrator, Poster, Movie Poster, fine art print, archival ink, archival paper.
poster lecoq1 Rocco Malatesta X Le Coq Sportif
Hawt seat!
Bike Seats, Seats Bicycles, Bicycles Seats, Bicycles Saddles, Bike Saddles Leather, Escher Saddles, Escher Bike, Mc Escher, Bike Stuff
Bicycle Seat
So beautiful... Escher bike seat @Katherine
Escher tessellation seat #bicycle
MC Escher saddle
The coolest wax seal ever (Papier Labo, Japan).
Seals Wax, Seals Papier, Antlers, Awesome Ideas, Art Seals, Wax Seals Wraps
The coolest wax seal ever (Papier Labo, Japan). Awesome idea!
The coolest wax seal ever (Papier Labo, Japan). DIY WITH AN ANTLER?
cool wax seal (Papier Labo, Japan).
just my type letterpress
Old Schools, Letterpresses Cards, Graphicdesign, Graphics Design, You R, Typography, Valentines Cards, Types, Valentines Day Cards
Just my type #typography
cute old school
Writer's Valentine card
Yes. You R My Type.
sometime i wish I had majored in graphic design and could work with type all day. love.
valentines day card idea
"You're just my type." Valentine's Day cards to clients as a self-promotion. Three letterpress cards and Crane's Lettra. 1331design.com.
brown dress with white dots
Cabinets Of Curio, Old Book, Gift, Vintage Book, John Whalley, Dresses, Wonder, Book Covers, Dots
World of Wonder - John Whalley's
gifts of wonder
old book love
#vintage #book for exploring + #compass. 👍
Small book cover
world of wonders : brown dress with white dots
The Wind in the Willows
Best Friends, Childhood Memories, Boats, Children Illustrations, Childhood Book, Animal Friends, Kenneth Graham, Rats, Children Book
There was wind in the willows as the Water Rat and the Mole rowed their boat along the river. Description from blog.sciencemusings.com. I searched for this on bing.com/images
The Wind in the Willows. Such sweet childhood memories <3
Ratty & Mole: Messing About in Boats. Published in 1908, The Wind in the Willows, written by Kenneth Grahame, is a timeless tale of animal friends and their adventures along the Thames riverbank, in the Wild Wood, or on the Open Road.
"The Wind In the Willows" my favorite childhood book.
Wooden Sunglasses Th, Sunglassesth Upcom, Wooden Sunglassesth, Sunglasses Th Upcom, Awesome Stuff
Great looking lable
Hungry Cyclist, Cyclist Branding
Matsu Wine, Wine Packaging, Wine Labels, Wine Design, Wine Bottle, Winelabels, Design Style, Innovation Design, Labels Design
Matsu wine designed by Maruba.
matsu #wine #spirit #label #packaging #design #taninotanino #maximum #winelabel
Matsu Wine Creative Wine Label Designs
Matsu Wine Bottle Design
matsu wine packaging design
Innovative Design: Wine Bottles — Designspiration
Redheads Studios, Bottle Labels, Red Wine, Wine Packaging, Wine Labels, Wine Bottle, Bottle Design, Living Red, Labels Design
my favourite wine label /M/A/S/H/'s collaborative work with Redheads Studio; Return of the Living Red.
"Return of The Living Red" Punny Wine Label Design
Night of the Living Red wine bottle design by /M/A/S/H/
Reture of the Living Red Wine Packaging by MASH design. The tag is a little envelope with cards inside. Really cool.
Return of the Living Red wine label. via the dieline
Below, we've rounded up a few of our favourite wine bottle label designs that we feel are exceptionally beautiful and unique
Vintage triumph cycles advert. Circa 1930
Vintage cycling toys


text:
Gumpaste Calla Lillies. It was an 1 year anniversary cake. The wedding flowers were calla lillies and the colors were kelly green and lavendar.
CakeCentral.com is the world's largest cake community for cake decorating professionals and enthusiasts.
(if this is a private computer)
Register now for
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text:
We think you're from , but you can change your region above any time for local
news and competitions!
Do not show me this message again.
Posted: Mon 26 Aug 2013 | 3363 Views | 4 Comments
The love shown tonight was unrivalled! Thank you for an unforgettable evening. B.x
Posted: Sun 25 Aug 2013 | 3324 Views | 4 Comments
You can watch Biffy headline the Reading Festival main stage tonight on BBC3 at 11:15pm or live online at 9:30pm via bbc.co.uk
Posted: Sat 24 Aug 2013 | 2712 Views | 0 Comments
We have added photos from Biffy Clyro's headline set at Leeds Festival to the gallery section of the site.
Posted: Sat 24 Aug 2013 | 2006 Views | 0 Comments
You conquered the rain with us! The most special of evenings! We're in awe! Big love fae biffy!!x
Posted: Fri 23 Aug 2013 | 4649 Views | 4 Comments
We�re delighted to announce that Biffy Clyro will return to Australia in 2014 to play the Soundwave Festival.
Posted: Thu 22 Aug 2013 | 1908 Views | 0 Comments
Biffy Clyro will play the NDR2 Soundcheck Festival in G�ttingen and SWR3 New Pop Festival in Baden-Baden, Germany next month.
Posted: Wed 21 Aug 2013 | 2222 Views | 0 Comments
Ahead of this weekend's Reading & Leeds Festival performances we have launched a new app to give you the chance to pick your fantasy set list from Biffy's extensive back catalogue.
Posted: Tue 20 Aug 2013 | 3702 Views | 6 Comments
To celebrate Biffy Clyro's incredible summer of festivals as well as their first Reading & Leeds headline show, we have released a free digital Book available to download though iTunes for the iPad.
Posted: Mon 19 Aug 2013 | 13342 Views | 0 Comments
Following this weekends performances at Rock Im Pott and Rock n Heim, we ware delighted to announce that Biffy Clyro have decided to add two additional shows in Germany to their forthcoming 2013 Winter European Tour.
Posted: Sun 18 Aug 2013 | 2818 Views | 1 Comments
Simon, James and Ben will return to the Radio1 live lounge on Monday to play an extended session for Sarah Cox.
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text:
Unknown man, formerly known as Sir Godfrey Kneller, Bt
3 of 30 portraits of Sir Godfrey Kneller, Bt
© National Portrait Gallery, London
Unknown man, formerly known as Sir Godfrey Kneller, Bt
by Unknown artist
oil on canvas, circa 1700
23 in. x 20 1/2 in. (584 mm x 521 mm)
Purchased, 1904
Primary Collection
Click on the links below to find out more:
Sitterback to top
- Sir Godfrey Kneller, Bt (1646-1723), Portrait painter. Sitter associated with 30 portraits, Artist associated with 1678 portraits.
Artistback to top
- Unknown artist. Artist associated with 6307 portraits.
Linked publicationsback to top
- Ingamells, John, Later Stuart Portraits 1685-1714, 2009, p. 359
- Saywell, David; Simon, Jacob, Complete Illustrated Catalogue, 2004, p. 692
Subjects & Themesback to top
Tell us moreback to top
Can you tell us more about this portrait? Spotted an error, something missing, or do you know anything that we don't know? If you have any information to share please complete the form below
Exhibitions and displays
- The Tudors Reimagined: George Perfect Harding
Until 14 February 2016
Related pages


text:
Lecturing on topics one knows nothing about may be a liability for professionals, but for participants in Sheila Heti's Trampoline Hall lecture series, it's a requirement. Since late 2001, the monthly Toronto-based talks have been a fixture of the city's arts scene, inviting speakers to wax poetic on topics ranging from "The Lazy Sociopath" to "Secret Eating" and "Teenage Circumcision." In honor of the Heti and Misha Glouberman's new book, The Chairs Are Where the People Go, they've taken the series on the road, and will appear tonight for a book-promo-cum-Trampoline-Hall event at the powerHouse Arena in Brooklyn with writers Sara Marcus and Adam Sternbergh. More details are available here.
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text:
Queen Latifah Bananas LyricsArtist: Queen Latifah
Popularity : 11 users have visited this page.
sponsored links
Chorus x2:
Who you gonna call when it's time to brawl
Standin round waitin for my queendom to fall
Well I think not, styles are pipin hot
Blazin, amazin, I give it all I got
I'm tellin you straight up, all sleepin beauties better wake up
I'll tear your state up, so set the date up
And I'm a rip it, what if it what was it
Who did it, who does it
From private to public
Anywhere I'm in there and been there
So recognize this, who the nicest
Sit down and settle for your constellation prizes
Whatever you want I got
Whether you ready or not
It's about to get hot when I drop
So notes, pause another spot
To do you, don't get me in a corner make me do you
Don't try to be me, do you
Be true to you and do you
Im on a higher level with different class, another plane
I am the queen, that's my name, time to explain
That I spit game with dames
Leave em all with shit stains
Split frames, hopin you hopin that I'm jokin
Don't know but still blink off like fo-fos
But so-so, slow mos comin in like the po-pos
Dont want rocks comin at me the wrong way
Pack a lunch box, it's gonna be a long day
And for real, spittin on imbeciles and spinnin wheels
On my 600 you want it, you must be blunted
I'll take it to your stomach, run it, give me all
Mic for mic, steppin to me you gonna fall, we brawl
Throwin a two-piece so loosly
It's the q-u-double-e-n
You know how I'm mc-in
Chorus x2
See physically you not ready
Lyrically you not ready
Mentally maybe
Who talks tough, time to get the baby
No threats or small bets on my bond we can get it on
From dusk till dawn from night till mourn
Till both of our squads are gone, no gimmicks, no tricks
till one of us admits it's a battle of wits
So look I'm off the hook, while you off the rocker
Thinkin I'm shook, get the phone book, call the doctor
Are you out of your mind, doubtin mines, out of line
Talkin out your behind, shoutin rhymes out of time
It's all over, what's up, yeah, what, what now, you tough now
Now you hush, hush now, aint sayin too much now
Thought so, chaught yo sleepin ass, creepin fast
Like you was doin somethin, now I gotta ruin somethin
You image, your career, lookie here you whole life is hangin in the air
Like a chandilier, poppin off like a can of beer, understand is it clear
If not let me put it in your ear that I'm royalty
Even though I'm low-key, you know me
You be singin over my tracks like its karaoke
If you don't know the half you gon feel the wrath
Represent the rugged path, the flavor unit staff
Droppin mathematics, layin you out like craftmatic
I'll let you have it, so you don't want the static
Chorus x2
Thanks to Zoi MontClaire for the correction
The hottest lyrics from Queen Latifah
- Simply Beautiful (Feat. Al Green) Lyrics
- Evil That Men Do Lyrics
- Just Another Day Lyrics
- Bananas Lyrics
- Close Your Eyes Lyrics


text:
Hong KongHong Kong
March 29, 2013
Fond of art especially paintings and sculpture.
Good but hope more painters come to Hong Kong to show their good work!
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What You Didn't Know About Amazing Grace - Inspirational Videos
Goodman Revival - I Wouldn't Take Nothing For My Journey - @bill-and-gloria-gaither
00:03:55 5033 views
Goodman Revival - This Is Just What Heaven Means To Me - @bill-and-gloria-gaither
00:04:51 4328 views
Embed bill-and-gloria-gaither 90078 views 2011-11-10T01:14:53 This is truly powerful. Whether you are black or white, we are all united in Christ. Wintley Phipps provides some new insight into the creation of the song Amazing Grace that will surprise you and remind you that God has a special plan for everything.
More Inspirational Videos
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Town Square
At-risk high school students making gains
Original post made on May 23, 2013
Read the full story here Web Link posted Thursday, May 23, 2013, 12:01 PM
Comments (4)
a resident of Rex Manor
on May 23, 2013 at 3:38 pm
I noticed MV and LA HS were ranked higher than both Gunn and Paly, which was a nice surprise.
a resident of Monta Loma
on May 23, 2013 at 5:27 pm
Who cares about whether students are learning at MVHS, what really matters is the dress code!
a resident of Castro City
on May 24, 2013 at 11:49 am
Higher scores and ranking can mean better odds at getting grants and funding. It helps in any way it can.
However, Monte Vista ranked higher.
a resident of Sylvan Park
on May 29, 2013 at 7:10 pm
"I noticed MV and LA HS were ranked higher than both Gunn and Paly, which was a nice surprise." Gunn wasn't ranked for some reason. But it has better API and college readiness, so it would be ranked higher.
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NPR Newscast
4min 45sec
Edwin Hopkins with his mother, Alice, and father, Frank Jr. Hopkins was killed aboard the USS Oklahoma during the Japanese bombing of Pearl Harbor, but his remains never were identified.
Courtesy Tom Gray
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April 16, 2015 Edwin Hopkins was on the USS Oklahoma when it was attacked in Pearl Harbor, and was one of hundreds buried as an unknown. His family is grateful for the decision to try to ID some of the remains.
<iframe src="http://www.npr.org/player/embed/400167937/400178417" width="100%" height="290" frameborder="0" scrolling="no">
A gravestone identifying the resting place of seven unknowns from the USS Oklahoma is shown at the National Memorial Cemetery of the Pacific in Honolulu. The Pentagon says it will disinter and try to identify the remains of up to 388 unaccounted for sailors and Marines killed when the ship capsized in the 1941 Japanese bombing of Pearl Harbor.
Audrey McAvoy/AP
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April 15, 2015 The ship with 429 sailors and Marines capsized Dec. 7, 1941, in the attack on Pearl Harbor; 388 were unidentified. The Pentagon decision, citing scientific advances in DNA testing, marks a reversal.
At her desk in the study of her Philadelphia townhouse in 1967, Pearl Buck looks at a bound volume of the magazine Asia from 1925 that contained her first published work.
hide caption
May 22, 2013 Also: shameless book blurbs; new plays from Ayad Ahktar; and a first edition of Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone draws a record price at auction.
Dec. 7, 1941: The USS Shaw explodes during the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor.
Hulton Archive/Getty Images
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December 7, 2011 Seventy years ago today more than 2,300 Americans died in the attack that would propel the nation into World War II. Though their numbers are dwindling, survivors are still telling their stories of that day.
Dec. 7, 1941: The USS Shaw explodes during the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor.
Keystone/Hulton Archive via Getty Images
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December 7, 2010 Their numbers are dwindling, but a few thousand of those who lived through that day of "infamy" remain.
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text:
SKII Facial Treatment Essence
533 reviews
61% would repurchase
Package Quality: 3.4
Price: $$$$
Package Quality: 3.4
Price: $$$$
INGREDIENTSSaccharomycopsis Ferment Filtrate (Pitera), Butylene Glycol, Pentylene Glycol, Water, Sodium Benzoate, Methylparaben, Sorbic Acid
on 11/3/2013 7:51:00 AM
Age: 19-24
Skin: Sensitive, Olive, Not Sure
Hair: Brown, Other, Other
Eyes: Brown
I've been using this for 2 weeks and everyone keeps asking what I have been using. They have noticed a dramatic difference in the appearance and texture of my skin. Although it is extremely pricey and smells of sweaty feet I will definitely purchase this again as I've always struggled to find something that works for my skin. It makes my acne dissapear, skin more balanced, pores diminish and allergic marks dissapear. I will be purchasing the limited edition 200ml tomorrow!
on 10/31/2013 6:38:00 AM
Age: 25-29
Skin: Combination, Fair-Medium, Not Sure
Hair: Black, Other, Other
Eyes: Brown
LOVE THIS. I just started using this a month ago, and my pores are smaller, my skin less oily, and just all over glowy. I am Korean, so I don't know if this product just works better on Asian skin or what, but all my korean friends that use this think it's the bees knees :)
I know you're supposed to put it on a cotton pad and pat the cotton pad all over your face, but like a lot of people said, that just wastes the product. Instead I just drop about 5 drops on this onto my hand warm up a bit by rubbing them together and pat right away onto my face. I use this product before any other skin product. I bought the 75ml size, and I've been using it for about a month and there's still more than half of the bottle left - another weeks and I'll get down to half - so I would guess that 75ml would last you about 2-3 months if you use it religiously twice a day (which is what I do).
Have already repurchased the 250 ml bottle!
on 10/26/2013 7:20:00 AM
Age: 30-35
Skin: Very Oily, Fair, Not Sure
Hair: Brown, Other, Other
Eyes: Brown
I am totally amazed by this product. Actually i bought a bottle of this when I was at around 26 and it didnt work on me. Now at 35, my skin is actually aging. It didnt work in the past but now I see dramatic results. I think this product works better on older skin. My face looks more radiant and forehead lines are less prone. The miracle of all? My eye lines are less prominent. But I dun use treatment essence on eye areas. I guess this is due to me using eye serum right after my treatment essence. My fingers have some essence leftover. Nevertheless, I will pay for this product since it deliver the results I want.
on 10/21/2013 7:55:00 AM
Age: 19-24
Skin: Combination, Tan, Not Sure
Hair: Brown, Other, Other
Eyes: Brown
"The fool and his money soon parted"
Ok, I have to keep that phrase in mind everytime I start wanting to purchase this product because honestly it's amazing. I bought the insanely overpriced tiny sample off amazon... it looks like water, and I wasn't sure how to apply it-- I applied it straight w/my hands because using it as a toner w/a cotton ball would have been a total waste of $$.
It makes my skin look RADIANT. There's just something about the way my skin looks after using this essence.. glowy and just great. My skin feels softer after using it and somehow hydrated even tho the texture is just like water with a little something added to it, like glycerin or w/e.
But the price of a full sized bottle is totally unjustifiable to my budget. Literally washing your money down the drain... Someday when I'm rich I'll buy bottles and bottles of SK II but for now the price just ruins the product. It's just not worth it for something so temporary.
on 9/30/2013 4:18:00 AM
Age: 30-35
Skin: Combination, Fair, Not Sure
Hair: Black, Other, Other
Eyes: Brown
I've been using this for about 1 month now with the SkII Facial Treatment Lotion. So far my skin become more hydrate and I've less break out. I can also tell that my skin look more radiant and even skin tone before I use this. I've de-hydrate oily skin but after using the SKII essence I'm less oily and have less clogged pores. It is a little pricy but I think it is worth every pennies. For those who had a bad experience with the essence, maybe you gals should try using the lotion as a toner before the essence rather than using this as a toner.
on 9/30/2013 12:09:00 AM
Age: 30-35
Skin: Combination, Fair, Warm
Hair: Black, Straight, Fine
Eyes: Brown
Ever since I started using SK-II products, my skin has become more supple, hydrated, even toned and brighter. I attribute this to the Pitera in their products, including the Facial Treatment Essence.
I started using this in my late 20s - a couple of times a week, typically after exfoliating so that it is better absorbed into the skin or when my skin feels dehydrated. Now that I have hit my 30s, I plan to be more consistent and use this daily as I would like to maintain the skin I have.
I find that patting the essence on with my warmed hands (as opposed to using a cotton pad) reduces wastage and allows the product to be better absorbed into the skin.
SK-II will always be part of my skincare regime.
Ingredients: Saccharomycopsis Ferment Filtrate (Pitera), Butylene Glycol, Pentylene Glycol, Water, Sodium Benzoate, Methylparaben, Sorbic Acid
on 9/29/2013 4:18:00 AM
Age: 18 & Under
Skin: Acne-prone, Medium, Cool
Hair: Black, Wavy, Fine
Eyes: Brown
I don't like this product at all. It works great for my mother skin but not on me. I feel nothing right after i use this product according to this name it's not miracle. It does dry up my face, and you know what it's so pricey with a product that does nothing on my face.
Maybe it's work for a lot of people but not with me.
on 9/27/2013 11:47:00 AM
Age: 19-24
Skin: Combination, Tan, Not Sure
Hair: Brown, Other, Other
Eyes: Brown
This thing is one of my holy grail items ! It's pricey but so worth it! I had problems with my pores skin discoloration and bumps on my face and ever since I used this they all are slowly going away! My face feels so smooth and I use the skii treatment essence lotion which helped my pores a lot and I don't get any breakouts after using them ! I will gladly repurchase these even though it's pricey until I find a better alternative
on 9/11/2013 10:13:00 AM
Age: 25-29
Skin: Combination, Fair-Medium, Not Sure
Hair: Brunette, Other, Other
Eyes: Hazel
This product failed to impress. I bought a small bottle in Singapore three months ago as it is considerably cheaper there than in the UK and I wanted to see what all the hype was about and whether pitera was this supposed wonder liquid. I used it religiously twice a day and have to say it did nothing for the clarity or texture of my skin. The girl that sold it to me said it would shrink my pores and give me a translucent glow. No such luck. Would not repurchase, the Clarins facial treatment oil that I have just started has had better results in 4 days that months in this!
on 8/14/2013 8:09:00 AM
Age: 36-43
Skin: Sensitive, Fair, Not Sure
Hair: Blond, Other, Other
Eyes: Blue
Like many others I was drawn by advertising and the beautiful skin of Cate Blanchett. For me, alas it was not to be!
I purchased a sample size, I didn't waste money on a full size. I was hoping for a HG for my roseaca, but to no avail. I stuck it in the cupboard, and underwent laser treatment for roseaca, so tried this agin following, but was unimpressed.
Some people have mentioned the smell, I didn't find it offensive.
If it works for you, great! But I suppose it's 'horses for courses'.
Popular Treatments (Face)
272 Reviews
175 Reviews
533 Reviews
15 Reviews
400 Reviews
144 Reviews


text:
Home » Browse Health Topics » Mental Health » Symptoms of anxiety and depression
Symptoms of anxiety and depression
Dear Ask The Doctor:
8 months ago i was diagnosed with Anxiety after losing my mum. But for the last few weeks I have been constantly been short of breath and feel like I just want to constantly stay in bed as I have no energy at all. I also have had sleeping problems and have been crying more than normal. I a constantly scared of little things that never bothered me before and a really worried about it. The doctor told me to quit smoking but I cant and I am worried about taking medication because if the side effects. This is really affecting me everyday and is affecting my day to day activities. I constantly feel tired and just cannot leave the house either. i have also had flu like symptoms too. I have had a bit of stress recently could this be my anxiety getting worse as I do not see to be as active as I used to be or depression?
Answer:I am really sorry about your mom and what you are going through. I do understand your concern about depression and it is very acceptable to go through these feelings during times like these. A major depressive syndrome or episode manifests with five or more of the following symptoms :
Depressed mood
Loss of interest or pleasure in most or all activities
Insomnia or hypersomnia
Change in appetite or weight
Psychomotor retardation or agitation
Low energy
Poor concentration
Thoughts of worthlessness or guilt
Recurrent thoughts about death or suicide
To make a diagnosis of depression, these symptoms should be present most of the day nearly every day for a minimum of two consecutive weeks and at least one symptom is either depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure. It is very important for you to speak to your doctor or a psychiatrist about your symptoms. Regardless of the modality of treatment selected for initial therapy, the goal of treatment should be symptom remission. Your doctor make chose psychotherapy, alone or in combination with an antidepressant, if a diagnosis of mild to moderate depression is made. I hope I was able to answer some of your queries, take care.
Sign In to join in the conversation.
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text:
View student Singles in Kensington
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text:
I have been asked a few times to bring up Skype and talk to a recruiter, but today I had to "Skype" with a hiring manager. I am in North Carolina and the job (contract) is in Austin, TX. Now you can text chat on Skype, you can voice chat and you can video chat on Skype. My interview was the latter. My first question was "Do I dress up?". I asked the recruiter, I asked my wife and I even asked my friends on Facebook.
Dilemma of the ages. Is a video call any different from a in-person interview? Aren't the people you're interviewing with making a first impression? Is the video call formal or informal? Well after some thought I decided to treat this interview as if I was sitting across a table from the interviewers.
I quickly shaved, because with my luck my interviewer would have a 52″ HD Monitor attached to his workstation. I got on my dress white shirt and put on my dress pants. I even tied my tie. Honestly I did rebel a bit, I wasn't wearing my shoes and socks. I put on my dress pants because I had this fear the interviewer might ask me to stand up. Silly fear, but a fear none the less.
I patiently waited for my Skype application to tell me a video call was incoming. Now I will have to say sitting in my living room was a whole lot less nerve racking than sitting in a lobby. As the interview progressed there were some technical issues. All of which are highly unusual for Skype, but I got through the interview relaxed.
Best part is I got the job. Moral of this story is simple: If you have to do a face to face interview with a candidate from another city save your company some money and fire up some from of Tele-Presence. You will probably find your candidate more relaxed and it will be cheaper for you.


text:
BATON ROUGE, LA. (AP) - LSU began taking steps this summer to dim the national spotlight on its most captivating star, Tyrann Mathieu, and downplayed "The Honey Badger" phenomenon that it so willingly promoted a season ago.
Mathieu, a 2011 Heisman Trophy finalist, was excluded from the LSU delegation at the Southeastern Conference's annual football media days in July.
Then, during the first nine days after the Tigers reported for August camp, coach Les Miles made Mathieu available only once, on LSU's media day last Tuesday, when every player is permitted to speak to reporters.
That turned out to be Mathieu's last chance to address the media in his white, purple and gold No. 7 LSU jersey.
On Friday, Mathieu was dismissed from LSU's football team for breaking an athletic department rule, a blow to the Tigers' national championship hopes three weeks before their season opener.
Miles knew from experience that Mathieu, despite his passion for football that energized teammates and coaches alike, was nonetheless prone to lapses in judgment.
Mathieu had been suspended for a game last season after testing positive for synthetic marijuana, and under LSU's drug policies, suspensions don't necessarily kick in until the second offense.
The coach hoped that by shielding the 20-year-old Mathieu from the pitfalls of fame and emphasizing the importance of team concepts, he might lessen the chances of Mathieu running afoul of personal conduct policies enforced by the university. But by the 10th day of camp, Miles was left with no choice but to cut Mathieu loose.
"We have a simple policy here of behavior and consequences are pretty spelled out and defined," Miles said when announcing Mathieu's dismissal Friday. "We did what we could do."
The coach and Athletic Director Joe Alleva declined to specify the policy Mathieu violated.
The Times-Picayune of New Orleans, citing an unidentified person close to the player, reported that Mathieu failed another drug test. Several high-ranking LSU administrators said they either did not know which rule Mathieu had violated or refused to discuss the matter. School policy allows for a player to lose his scholarship even without another positive test if he does not fulfill all the terms of university probation.
"Being an athlete is a privilege," Alleva said. "It's a privilege and you have to follow the rules to take advantage of that privilege. And unfortunately, he doesn't have that privilege here anymore.
"He really is a good kid. It's a shame," Alleva continued. "But I told him this morning that he has the rest of his life and his life is still ahead of him. He still has a tremendous opportunity to do good things."
Alleva said the violation did not involve law enforcement and that the university had been trying to help Mathieu work through some unspecified issues.
"We've been trying to help him all along in everything," Alleva said. "We do everything we can to help these kids."


text:
- Junying Kirk (226)
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Author & Blogger
Junying Kirk
Originally from China and currently living and working in the UK, I have worked as an academic, administrator, researcher, teacher, professional interpreter, translator and cultural consultant. I enjoy reading and writing, and reflecting upon what's important in life. I blog at www.junyingkirk.com, topics ranging from books, cross-cultural communications, interviews, music and photography to leisure pursuits including food, keeping-fit and world travels. Come along for an amazing ride and enjoy the journey! My "Journey To The West" Trilogy - The Same Moon, Trials of Life and Land of Hope, are available on Amazon Worldwide, iBook and Smashwords.
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Posted on February 8, 2014 by Junying007
Picking up a book to read, to me, used to be easy and straight forward. I would saunter into a book store, browsing through the colourful shelves at the Fiction section, or display stands, following my approval of the attractive … Continue reading →
My Trans-Continental Tour Is Still On (3) – Interviews, Reviews, Guest Posts & Give-aways
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What an amazing journey so far! My tour has taken me far and wide in the cyberworld – due to my writer's vivid imagination and my developed, keen sense of seeing the world through the eyes of the people I … Continue reading →
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I met Jess last year through a mutual writer friend Matt Posner, who interviewed me, labelling me a "Multicultural Icon". Shortly after that, Jess kindly offered a space on her wonderful site and we had an interesting chat about my … Continue reading →
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"Indies Unite for Joshua" : The Battle Is On
Posted on February 21, 2012 by Junying Kirk
The Breaking of Sad News Three weeks ago as I was sitting in the interpreters' waiting room in one of the Asylum and Immigration Tribunal courts, a fellow interpreter, as usual, was bombarding her long-suffering colleagues with her constant personal … Continue reading →
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