text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Jan 9, 1996
|Filing date
|May 12, 1994
|Priority date
|May 12, 1994
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|James R. Neal, Peter F. Brown, Louis W. Agatstein, Michael Gutman
|Original Assignee
|Intel Corporation
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (2), Non-Patent Citations (2), Referenced by (58), Classifications (22), Legal Events (5)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to the field of thermal management of semiconductor devices. More particularly, this invention relates to a circuit and method for reducing an internal clocking frequency of the semiconductor device upon receiving a first signal indicating fan failure and/or a second signal indicating thermal overload.
2. Background of the Invention
It is common knowledge that most semiconductor devices, as shown in FIG. 1, comprise an integrated circuit as a die 2 encapsulated within a cavity 3 of a package 4 such as a Pin Grid Array ("PGA") package. This package 4 is usually made of ceramic and performs numerous functions including but not limited to protecting the integrated circuit from damage, dissipating heat from the integrated circuit during operation, and providing electrical communications between the semiconductor device and other semiconductor devices. To establish electrical communication with other semiconductor devices employed within a system, a plurality of wire leads 5 are coupled to the die 2 and correspondingly coupled to a plurality of connector pins 6. These plurality of connector pins 6 make electrical and mechanical contact with a plurality of bus lines within a printed circuit board 7 (e.g., a peripheral card, motherboard, etc.) generally incorporated within a computer system.
During operation, the die 2 consumes power at a rate correlated to its internal clocking frequency and generates heat as a by-product. Generally, heat is dissipated from the heat conductive die 2 adhesively attached to the package 4. Thereafter, the package 4 dissipates the heat to its surrounding atmosphere 8. For low-power semiconductor devices, the package 4 alone is typically sufficient to dissipate the heat.
Many semiconductor devices, especially microprocessors, operate at an internal clock frequency substantially greater than a system bus clock frequency of a computer system in order to allow the semiconductor device 1 to perform at its fastest possible frequency while allowing data exchange between the semiconductor device 1 and the printed circuit board 7 to proceed at the lesser system bus clock frequency. A dynamic feedback loop, including but not limited to a phase locked-loop ("PLL"), enables multiple derivatives of the system bus clock. Although a higher internal clock frequency enables better chip performance, it also increases thermal dissipation requirements so that the package 4 alone is usually incapable of providing adequate thermal dissipation, requiring at least a conventional thermal transfer device such as a heatsink 9a with optionally a heat slug 9b to be coupled into a bottom portion 4a of the package 4 proximate to the die 2 as shown in FIG. 2.
Following this line of reasoning, some current generation and most next generation semiconductor devices will consume more power than any prior semiconductor devices such that the heatsink 9a and/or heat slug 9b may not provide adequate thermal dissipation. Thus, an additional thermal transfer device (e.g., a fan) 10 is usually coupled to the heatsink 9a to provide a high level of airflow as shown in FIG. 3. However, reliance on the operation of the fan for cooling the semiconductor device offers many disadvantages.
One primary disadvantage is that the reliability of the semiconductor device is now also based on the reliability of the fan due to the fact that if the fan becomes inoperative (i.e., fan failure), so does the semiconductor device. This poses a problem especially when the fan is inherently less reliable than the semiconductor device, thereby lessening the reliability of the semiconductor device.
Another disadvantage is that using the fan without any monitoring mechanism exposes the semiconductor device to potential damage from excessive die temperature ("thermal overload"). Such thermal overload is likely if the fan element becomes inoperable or its performance falls below a certain level.
Hence, it would be desirable to provide a circuit and method for modifying the operation speed of the semiconductor device, which is directly related to power consumption, upon detection of a fan failure and/or thermal overload conditions. Although such modification of this operation speed would cause a temporary loss in performance of the semiconductor device, it would prevent total loss of functionality if the semiconductor device becomes damaged.
In view of the foregoing disadvantages, it is apparent that there exists a need for the above-mentioned circuit and corresponding method. Hence, it is an object of the present invention to provide a circuit and method for reducing the clocking frequency of the semiconductor device upon detection of certain fan failure and/or over temperature conditions.
It is another object of the present invention to monitor the fan element coupled to the semiconductor device and reduce the clocking frequency of the semiconductor device upon detecting a predetermined level of degradation of performance of the fan.
It is yet another object of the present invention to position a thermal sensor within the semiconductor device to detect whether an operational temperature of the semiconductor device is greater than a prescribed boundary temperature and reduce the clocking frequency in response thereto.
These and other objects of the present invention are provided by a circuit within a semiconductor device using a fan element in tandem with a heatsink to reduce an internal clocking frequency of the semiconductor device upon receipt of control signals indicating that the fan element has become inoperable or the die of the semiconductor device is operating at a temperature greater than the prescribed boundary temperature. This reduction in the clocking frequency, in turn, reduces power consumption of the semiconductor device so that less heat needs to be dissipated. This circuit comprises a multiple input logic gate wherein a first input signal line is coupled to a first input of the logic gate to indicate fan failure when fan performance falls below a predetermined level and a second input signal line is coupled to a second input of the logic gate to indicate that the die of the semiconductor device is operating at a temperature greater than a prescribed boundary temperature.
Upon activation by one of the input signal lines, or alternatively both of the input signal lines, an output signal of the logic gate will be activated. This output signal operates as a select line for an on-chip multiplexor having multiple clock inputs of varying clock frequencies in which one of the multiple clock inputs is selected as the internal clocking frequency of the semiconductor device. These multiple inputs include at least a system bus clock signal which is selected by the circuit if fan performance is below the predetermined level and/or a thermal sensor detects that the temperature of the die is greater than the prescribed boundary temperature, typically 100� C. to 150� C. Otherwise, as a default, a clock signal having a higher frequency is selected.
The objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following detailed description of the present invention in which:
FIG. 1 illustrates a cross-sectional view of a conventional low-power semiconductor device having a PGA package.
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a conventional semiconductor device having a heat-sink disposed on a bottom surface of the PGA package to provide additional thermal dissipation capabilities.
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a conventional semiconductor device having a fan/heatsink combination for thermal management.
FIG. 4 is an embodiment of a computer system incorporating the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a perspective view of a semiconductor device utilizing the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of a semiconductor device utilizing the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a circuit diagram of an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 8 is a block diagram of an embodiment of the thermal sensor positioned within the semiconductor device utilizing the present invention.
FIG. 9 is a detailed circuit diagram of an embodiment of the bandgap reference circuit incorporated within the thermal sensor.
FIG. 10 is a detailed circuit diagram of an embodiment of a constant current source coupled to the bandgap reference circuit of FIG. 8.
FIG. 11 is a detailed circuit diagram of an embodiment of the programmable Vbe circuit.
FIG. 12 is a state diagram of the operational states of the present invention.
A circuit and method for reducing dock frequency for a particular semiconductor device having a fan element in combination with a heatsink in the event that the fan element experiences failure or unacceptable degradation in performance or is detected by a thermal sensor preferably within the semiconductor device that the semiconductor device is operating at a temperature greater than a prescribed boundary temperature. In the following description, for purposes of explanation, specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. However, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art of circuit design that the present invention may be practiced in any semiconductor device, especially processors, without these specific details. In other instances, well known operations, functions and devices are not shown in order to avoid obscuring the present invention.
Referring to FIG. 4, an embodiment of a computer system 20 utilizing the present invention is illustrated. The computer system 20 generally comprises a system bus 21 includes address, data and control buses operating in cooperation with a system bus clock ("CLK") signal having a predetermined clocking frequency, normally thirty-three megahertz ("MHz"). The system bus 21 enables a plurality of agents, including a memory subsystem 22, an input/output ("I/O") subsystem 23 and a processor 24 to exchange and share information.
The memory subsystem 22 includes a memory controller 25 coupled to the system bus 21 to provide an interface for controlling access to at least one memory element 26 such as dynamic random access memory ("DRAM"), read only memory ("ROM"), video random access memory ("VRAM") and the like. The memory element 26 stores information and instructions for the processor 24.
The I/O subsystem 23 includes an I/O controller 27 being coupled to the system bus 21 and a conventional I/O bus 28. The I/O controller 27 is an interface between the I/O bus 28 and the system bus 21 which provides a communication path (i.e., gateway) for devices coupled to the system bus 21 to access or transfer information to devices coupled to the I/O bus 28 and vice versa. The I/O bus 28 communicates information between at least one peripheral device in the computer system 20 including, but not limited to a display device 29 (e.g., cathode ray tube, liquid crystal display, etc.) for displaying images; an alphanumeric input device 30 (e.g., an alphanumeric keyboard, etc.) for communicating information and command selections to the processor 24; a cursor control device 31 (e.g., a mouse, track ball, touch pad, etc.) for controlling cursor movement; a mass data storage device 32 (e.g., magnetic tapes, hard disk drive, floppy disk drive, etc.) for storing information and instructions; and a hard copy device 33 (e.g., plotter, printer, facsimile machine, etc.) for providing a tangible, visual representation of the information. It is contemplated that the computer system shown in FIG. 4 may employ some or all of these components or different components than those illustrated.
The processor 24, preferably an Intel� Architecture Processor, is further coupled to the system bus 21 in order to gain access to the memory subsystem 22 and an input/output ("I/O") subsystem 23 and obtain necessary clocking signals. In order to enhance its performance, the processor 24 normally includes a phase-locked loop ("PLL") 34 which receives the CLK signal as input and generates an internal clock ("ICLK") signal. The ICLK signal, being a function of the CLK signal, has a greater clocking frequency than the CLK signal and a constant duty cycle. The ICLK signal is routed to core circuitry of the processor 24 commonly referred to as a processor core 35 which processes requisite instruction sets.
Referring now to FIG. 5, the processor 24 includes a "fan/heatsink" 46 comprising a heatsink element 47, disposed on a bottom surface 42a of the package 42, and the fan element 48 disposed on the heatsink element 47 as shown. Three electrical connection pads 50, 51 and 52 are disposed on the bottom surface 42a of the package 42. A first and second electrical connection pads 50 and 51, associated with package pins 44a and 44b, provide power ("Vcc ") and ground ("GND") signals to the fan element 48, particularly a device within a main fan casing 53 for rotating a propeller 49 (see FIG. 6). A third electrical connection pad 52 is coupled to a particular wire lead allowing the fan element 48 to output a FANFAIL signal to the die 40. The FANFAIL signal indicates that the fan element 48 is experiencing an unacceptable degradation in operation (e.g., a rotational speed of the propellor has decreased by a certain predetermined percentage from normal rotational speed).
Referring to FIG. 6, a cross-sectional view of the processor 24 is illustrated. The processor 24 includes an integrated circuit in the form of a die 40 which is encapsulated, preferably hermetically, within a cavity 41 of a PGA package 42 (as shown) or any other conventional package such as, for example, a Ball Grid Array ("BGA") package, Land Grid Array ("LGA") package and the like. A plurality of wire leads 43 are coupled to at least the die 40 and a number of connector pins 44 which extend beyond the package 42. These connector pins 44 are attached typically by solder to bus lines throughout a printed circuit board 45. During operation of the die 40 (i.e., operation of the processor 24), the fan/heatsink 46 through rotational movement by the propeller 49 provides airflow to enhance the thermal dissipation capabilities of the heatsink element 47.
As illustrated in FIG. 7, one embodiment for reducing clocking frequency comprises a circuit including two input signal lines 55 and 56 having different sources external to the processor 24. A first source 57 of a first input signal line 55 is the fan element 48 which drives the FANFAIL signal through the first input signal line 55 upon detecting unacceptable degradation in its performance. For example, the FANFAIL signal may be activated when the fan element 48 detects that its production of airflow has decreased by a certain percentage.
It is contemplated that there exists many alternatives for detecting a decrease in production of airflow by the fan element. For example, fans for cooling semiconductor devices commonly employ a chip set to generate a motor pulse at a given frequency to drive a fan motor. By altering the frequency of the motor pulse, the fan element 48 is driven at various speeds thereby increasing or decreasing its airflow production. By implementing another control chip that generates a control pulse having a certain constant frequency which would provide inadequate air flow for proper thermal dissipation and comparing the frequencies of the motor pulse and the control pulse, the fan element 48 needs to merely detect when the motor pulse has a frequency less than the control pulse frequency. In such case, the fan element 48 activates the FANFAIL signal.
A second source 58 of a second input signal line 56 is a thermal sensor 58 which is an integrated circuit positioned proximate to the die or preferably on the die 40 to monitor its temperature. The thermal sensor 58 drives a THERMAL-- OVERLOAD signal through the second input signal line 56 upon detecting that the processor 24 is operating at a temperature greater than a prescribed boundary temperature.
In order to detect whether the processor is operating at a temperature greater than the predetermined boundary temperature, the thermal sensor 58 monitors temperature dependent voltages. For illustrative purposes, a chosen thermal sensor is discussed; however, it is contemplated that any conventional thermal sensor may be used with the present invention. As shown in FIG. 8, the thermal sensor 58 (100) comprises a conventional bandgap reference circuit 110, a programmable base-emitter voltage ("Vbe ") circuit 120, a constant current source 130 and a sense amplifier 140. The sensor amplifier 140 transmits an active signal along the second input signal line 56 if a base-emitter voltage ("Vbe "), a temperature dependent voltage provided by the programmable Vbe circuit 120 via a first input line 77, is greater than a reference voltage ("Vout ") provided by the bandgap reference circuit 110 via a second input line 78. The reference voltage ("Vout ") is set at a voltage equal to Vbe at the prescribed boundary temperature.
Generally, in the thermal sensor 58, the Vbe of a transistor is temperature dependent (i.e., a change in temperature causes a change in the Vbe). The Vbe is compared to Vout generated by the bandgap reference circuit 110 which is not changing over temperature. If Vbe >Vout, then the THERMAL-- OVERLOAD signal is activated. Otherwise, the THERMAL-- OVERLOAD signal remains inactive.
Referring to FIG. 8, the bandgap reference circuit 100 provides a stable voltage that is temperature independent to a first input of a dual-input sense amplifier 140 and biases the constant current source 130.
The bandgap reference circuit 110 must not only be stable over Vcc and temperature, it must also be stable over process variation. Thus, only resistor ratios should be used and all transistors within the bandgap reference circuit 110 should be oriented in a same direction so that they will track each other. A pair of transistors 111 and 112 and resistors 116 and 115 forming a current mirror operate at different current densities. This produces a temperature dependent voltage across a first resistor 113. A third transistor 114 controls Vout from the bandgap reference circuit 110 by sensing Vout through the resistor 115. As a result, the third transistor 114 drives Vout to a voltage being a sum of a base-emitter voltage ("Vbe ") of the third transistor 114 and a voltage drop across the resistor 115. When Vout is set near a known bandgap voltage of silicon (approximately 1.12 volts), the voltage drop across the resistor 115 will compensate a temperature coefficient of Vbe so that Vout becomes temperature independent.
Illustrated in FIG. 9, a constant current source 130 is needed to enable the thermal sensor 58 to be stable over Vcc ranges since a fixed base current ("ib ") is constant. Thus, only Vbe varies with a change in temperature. The constant current source 130 is obtained by taking advantage of the constant voltage produced by the bandgap reference circuit 110. This current source 130 coupled to the bandgap reference circuit 110 are shown in FIG. 10.
A voltage at a base of a first source transistor 131 is held at Vout maintaining a constant current through a third resistor 132. This constant current flows through a second source transistor 133 and is mirrored through a pair of third and fourth source transistors 134 and 135. The current source 130 then provides power to the bandgap reference circuit 110 through the third transistor 114 and a fifth source transistor 136. It should be noted that instead of the third transistor 114 being tied to Vout, it connects to a base of the fifth source transistor 136 which has been added as a gain stage. The fourth source transistor 135 provides a constant current source for the programmable Vbe circuit 120.
Since the bandgap reference voltage ("Vout ") controls the current source 130 which, in turn, controls the bandgap reference circuit 110, some problems can occur. A first problem is ensuring start-up operations of the thermal sensor 58 when power is first applied. To ensure such start-up operations, transistors 137a-137c have been added. When Vcc starts to increase from zero Volts, current is provided to the bandgap reference circuit 110 through the transistor 137a. As current starts to flow through the transistor 137a, it is mirrored through the transistor 137c so that the transistor 137a starts to turn off. Because of the voltage gain of the fifth source transistor 136, the current continues to build in the bandgap reference circuit 110 until the third transistor 114 starts to control the base of the fifth source transistor 116. A transistor 138 may be added to power down or disable the thermal sensor 58 for testing.
For the thermal sensor 58 to operate, not only is a stable Vout needed, but also a temperature varying voltage is needed. This temperature varying voltage is produced by the programmable Vbe circuit 120 having a Vbe multiplier circuit 121 as shown in FIG. 11. The multiplier circuit 121 consists of a first multiplier transistor 122, a first multiplier resistor 123 and a second multiplier resistor 124 in series with a plurality of resistors (a "resistor series" 125). The resistor series 125 and the first multiplier resistor 123 are coupled to a base 122b of the first multiplier transistor 122 and emitter 122e of the first multiplier transistor 122, and therefore, influence the Vbe output voltage along signal line 129. Typically, the Vbe output voltage is equal to Vbe of the first multiplier transistor 122 plus a voltage drop across the first multiplier resistor 123. Current through the first multiplier resistor 123 is dependent on the resistive value of the resistor series 125 in which its resistive value depends on whether which of the selecting transistors 126-128 are activated (i.e., whether the resistor 125 is shorted) so as to change the current through the first multiplier resistor 123.
Referring back to FIG. 8, these signal lines are inputted into an on-chip logic gate 59 (e.g., an AND, OR, XOR, etc.), having at least one FAILURE signal line 60 which, however, operates as a select line for an on-chip multiplexor 61. It is contemplated that multiple lines may be necessary depending on the number of inputs into the on-chip multiplexor 61.
The multiplexor 61 includes multiple clock inputs 62 and 63 of varying frequencies, wherein a first clock input is a high clock signal having a clocking frequency equivalent to a maximum clock frequency supported by the processor 4 and a second clock input is a low clock signal having a clocking frequency less than the high clock signal. For example, the low clock signal may be the CLK signal operating at 33 MHz and the high clock signal may be operating at least twice the frequency of the CLK signal (e.g., between 80-100 MHz). It is contemplated, however, that a variety of clock signals with different frequencies could be inputted into the multiplexor 61, provided that at least the second clock signal has a sufficiently low frequency so that the fan/heatsink adequately dissipates heat generated by the processor even if the fan element is inoperative. If the FAILURE signal line 60 is active, the multiplexor 61 outputs the low clock signal into the core processor. It is further contemplated that the multiplexor 61 could have more than two inputs to support gradual performance reduction, thereby requiring the FAILURE signal to consist of multiple select lines as discussed above.
As shown in FIG. 12, a state diagram of the operational structure of the present invention illustrates the desired characteristics of the present invention. The present invention has two states, namely a Normal state 111 and a Failure state 112. Each of these states has one state transition represented by arrows 113 and 114, which is the only possible transition in the next clock cycle from its respective state 111 and 112, respectively.
At power-up of the computer system, the present invention typically resides in the Normal state 111. In Normal state 111, the ICLK signal has a frequency equivalent to a maximum clock frequency. Once the FAILURE signal is activated and synchronized with the CLK signal, the present invention enters the Failure state 112. In the Failure state 112, the ICLK signal has a frequency equal to the CLK signal or any other predetermined multiple of the CLK signal, provided that the predetermined multiple of ICLK signal and sufficiently low so that thermal dissipation by an inoperative fan/heatsink is accomplished.
After entering the Failure state 112, the present invention cannot transition to the Normal state 111 unless a RESET signal is active and the FAILURE signal is inactive. The reason being that it is not desirable for the processor to oscillate between states in the event of an intermittent pulsing of the FAILURE signal. The RESET signal indicates that the computer system (and thus the processor) has disengaged operation, normally accomplished by turning off the computer allowing the fan to reset and the processor to cool.
A variety of methods may be used to detect and notify an end user of a fan failure condition, including but not limited to those discussed below for illustrative purposes. One such method is under software control through detection of a fan-fail bit within a Machine Check Type ("MCT") register. In order to perform this method, a driver to access the MCT register must be written for a particular operating system (e.g. DOS�, Windows�, OS/2�, UNIX�, etc.) of a computer system utilizing the semiconductor device with the fan/heatsink. Thereafter, an application is executed which makes a function call to the driver to access the fan-fail bit and return its value. Based on the returned value, the application then notifies the end user by displaying a message on the display device (e.g., a "print screen" instruction) or the like. This application may be run by the user or may run continuously, monitoring the fan fail bit.
Another method is to create a software program which estimates the speed of the semiconductor device by executing a loop having a few instructions and comparing its execution speed with its predetermined execution speed for normal operation at full speed. If the execution speed is below a certain percentage of the predetermined execution speed, the software program notifies the end user that performance has been reduced presumably due to a thermal error condition.
The present invention described herein may be designed in many different embodiments evident to one skilled in the art than those described without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. For example, although particular exemplary clock frequencies have been set forth, principles of the invention may be applied to systems employing different frequencies. The invention should, therefore be measured in terms of the claims which follow.
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|U.S. Classification
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|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Jul 11, 1994
Owner name: INTEL CORPORATION, CALIFORNIA
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:NEAL, JAMES R.;BROWN, PETER;AGATSTEIN, WILLY;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:007180/0740;SIGNING DATES FROM 19940603 TO 19940612
|Dec 31, 1996
|Certificate of correction
|Jul 8, 1999
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|Jul 9, 2003
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 8
|Jul 6, 2007
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 12


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The Bassin Center for Plastic SurgeryRead MoreFeatured on programs such as The Dr. Oz Show and Good Morning America, Aqualipo's water-assisted fat-removal system sneaks under skin to steal away lipid collections from designated body geography. Licensed physicians Dr. Jeffrey Caruth and Dr. Mauricio Giraldo photograph, mark, and sketch abstract self-portraits on the client's problem area before applying local anesthetic and cutting a small incision to reach the fat layer. Pulsing water jets then flush out fatty tissue with a sterile fluid, evicting lipids without stressing surrounding muscles, nerves, or other tissues. Unlike traditional liposuction, Aqualipo treatments require no general anesthesia and typically last 30–45 minutes, leaving most patients ready for discharge 15 minutes after completion. Clients can expect faster results and less intense side effects—such as swelling, bruising, and uncontrollably transmitting ham-radio signals—than those caused by conventional liposuction procedures.4504 Wishart PlTampa, FL US
BHIRead MoreWhat services does your business offer and what makes your business stand out from the competition? Above all else, we are committed to the care and improvement of human life. In recognition of this commitment, we strive to deliver high quality, cost-effective services in the communities we serve. In pursuit of our mission, we believe the following statements are essential and timeless. What was the inspiration to start or run this business? To develop and implement individual treatment plans designed to meet patient and therapeutic goals. To provide clients and family education to facilitate self-care and integration into the community. What do you love most about your job? Satisfied, happy clients. To communicate absolute honesty, integrity and fairness in the way we conduct our business and the way we live our lives. To recognize and affirm the unique and intrinsic worth of each individual. What is the best reaction you've ever gotten from a customer? That I have changed her life.11309 Countryway BoulevardTampa, FL US
Erasable Inc.Read MoreWhat services does your business offer and what makes your business stand out from the competition? Erasable Inc. is proudly veteran owned and operated, with all clients being treated by a licensed medical provider. What was the inspiration to start or run this business? We believe that people who feel good about their appearance have the confidence to be at their best. Erasable Inc. is proud to help our clients achieve that goal. What do you love most about your job? We love seeing the joy and happiness in our clients when they look in the mirror and see their skincare goals become a reality. What is the best reaction you've ever gotten from a customer? One of our clients went out of their way to emphasize that they really appreciated the time we took to understand their goals. They didn't see us as a service provider, but rather a trusted advisor to help them look their best.4150 North Armenia AvenueTampa, FL US
Weight and Body SolutionsRead MoreWeight & Body Solutions' experienced physicians employ technologically enhanced weight-reduction techniques and more traditional nutrition-based programs to help clients melt away unwanted fat and reveal svelte silhouettes. Patients relax in the comfortable atmosphere of a private room as they discuss their beauty goals with informed counselors, asking questions about their various treatment options, which include weekly plans enhanced with thorough exams and energizing vitamin shots along with medical treatments such as tumescent liposuction. Liposuction is done under local anesthesia using a small cannula and requires very little downtime, sending patients back to work within 24 to 48 hours—just in time to sport sleek silhouettes for Risky Business–themed casual Fridays.5907 Webb RdTampa, FL US
Ideal Image-Westshore ClinicRead MoreTampa Ideal Image-Westshore Clinic provides extremely private and pain-free hair removal services for each and every guest. Clear up your clogged pores and blackheads with a replenishing facial. Colored or styled, a new hairstyle from this salon will leave you feeling refreshed. Delay hair regrowth with a hair removal treatment, such as waxing, threading, laser hair removal, electrolysis, and epilation. To accommodate both your precious time and beauty needs, this salon enforces an appointment-only policy. Ideal Image-Westshore Clinic accepts major credit cards, making payments for your services quick and convenient. Garage parking is available right around the corner from Ideal Image-Westshore Clinic. Get all the hairy details (and the best service) when you schedule your appointment at Ideal Image-Westshore Clinic today.4890 W Kennedy BlvdTampa, FL US

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MSFOTOGRAPHY Photographer
Neshia QuintelModel Female Charleston, South Carolina, US
Mayhem # 2719261
About MeI am looking to take my modeling dream to the next level. I would also like to experience different modeling methods and my own style. I would like to know what clients are looking for physically so I can better prepare myself to be "workable" in the modeling industry. I am also looking for a really good agent or manager.
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Macartney Motsinger — Bethel Former Bulldog and Bullfish Swim team member, Macartney Motsinger, has started off his college career with a bang. Macartney's first meet saw him help his relay teams to a national qualifying time in two different races. This past weekend, Motsinger and his relay team turned in two, first place finishes and he took two, second place finishes and a fourth place finish in his individual events at Bethel University...
EHS falls in straight sets to Hamilton County
Regional play gets underway Tuesday & Wednesday
For Brandon Hampton, he got the best of both worlds this weekend.
Remember when we only feared other countries?Who would have believed that the two weeks of the Cuban Missile Crisis during the Cold War were the good old days.
In 1989, "Back to the Future II" presented its vision of the year 2015: Think hoverboards, video phone calls, fax machines, dehydrated pizza and the Cubs winning the World Series. (The actor who played Biff, Tom Wilson,
Parents deciphering the acronyms their teens use over text and on social media is something better...
After seeing Kevin Durant shoot down his report and call him a liar, ESPN's Stephen A. Smith responded to the Oklahoma City Thunder superstar on First...
BEIRUT (AP) " The office of Syria's president is condemning the destruction of the 2,000 year old iconic arch in Palmyra by the Islamic militant group which controls the ancient city.
MADRID (AP) " A senior U.S. official says the U.S. does not believe Russia's incursion into Turkey's airspace was an accident, and urgent talks are underway on what to do about the weekend incident.
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Capital Markets
Company Overview of New Leaf Venture Partners, L.L.C.
Executive Profile
Joe Gray
Member of Industry Advisory Board, New Leaf Venture Partners, L.L.C.
|Total Calculated Compensation
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See Board Relationships
Mr. Joe Gray is the Director of the Life Sciences Division at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. Mr. Gray is also a Director of Department of Energy at the Laboratory. He is a Member of Industry Advisory Board of New Leaf Venture Partners. Mr. Gray also serves as the Chairman of Biomedical Engineering and Director of Center for Spatial Systems Biomedicine of Oregon Health and Science University.
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Startup News – sorted by country
Recent JobsHead of Technology at TawiPay - Lausanne, Switzerland
iOS and Android Opportunities at fleetster - Munich, Germany
Space Manager (m/f) at Mindspace - Berlin, Germany
NLP Engineer at AYLIEN - Dublin, Ireland
Recent Comments
- Perry Oostdam on Recruitee – probably the fastest seed funding after appearing on Product Hunt
- Ieva on The hottest European travel startups in 2015
- Ochs on The 15 hottest European fintech startups in 2015
- Miguel Daniels on Equity crowdfunding deals of May: learn Chinese online, hummus restaurants in London, cross platform strategy games
Tag Archives: Ivan Marusic
Interview with Ivan Marusic (Gamersbook)
We just had the chance to talk to Ivan Marusic, the Founder and CEO of Gamersbook.com, and ask him a few questions about his Split (Croatia) based startup. So, what is Gamersbook? Just think of everything related to games and … Continue reading
Posted in Croatia-Startups, Interviews Tagged game developers, gamer community, Gamersbook, games, interview, Ivan Marusic, Split Comments Off


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Download Comics iPhone iPad iOS
Hello to our 3G users, Apple has announced the iOS4.1 update which should help with the issues you are having.
The only iPhone/iPad comic platform that has Marvel AND DC and lets you read on the web, too, at comics.comixology.com! ACCEPT NO IMITATION!
The largest comic library and store with Guided Viewâ"¢ Technology, which Wired.com says "solves the problem of reading comics on the small screen." With over 2,000 comics, including Marvel! Featured on Jimmy Kimmel, CNN, and more!
More than 170 free comics in app, including the exclusive series Box 13!
Click4more: Related apps comics
You haven't experienced comics like this before – with genres from superhero to "slice of life" to horror, everyone can find a comic they'll enjoy.
Tags : comics , comic , comics• , comixology
An iPhone comic store and reader in your hand!
The comic book reader with comiXology's patent pending Guided View, where the entire comic page is left intact, and you are guided through a dynamically masked, iPhone-friendly view of the panels.
Publishers include:
• Marvel Comics
• Image Comics
• Red 5
• Zenescope
• A Wave Blue World
• AdHouse Books
• Arcana Comics
• Asylum Press
• Bluewater Comics
• BOOM! Studios
• Com.X
• Creative Impulse
• Digital Webbing
• eigoMANGA
• Evil Twin Comics
• First Salvo
• AAM/Markosia
• Moonstone
• Slave Labor Graphics (SLG)
• Top Cow
• Th3rd World Studios
As well as many creator-owned titles!
Web: comixology.com/iphoneapp
Twitter: @comixology
Facebook: facebook.com/comiXology
The Comics is now available as a free download on Apple Store for both iPhone and iPad owners.The application is supporting English language. It weighs in at only 10MB to download. The new Comics app version 3.1.2 has been updated on 2014-11-09. The Apple Store includes a very useful feature that will check if your device and iOS version are both compatible with the app. Most iPhone and iPad are compatible. Here is the app`s compatibility information: Compatible with iPhone, iPod touch, and iPad. Requires iPhone OS 3.1 or later.
Bottom Line: For more information about Comics check developer comixology`s website : http://comixology.com/iphoneapp
iOS Comics 3.1.2 Mobile
Customer Reviews
Ignore all negative reviews ????
First off to sugar rushes who let his kid run up an `astronomical` bill from this app. You sir are an idiot, the app isn`t `predatory` you are just a crappy parent. Hundreds of comics are free, your kid must have wanted the new $3.99 releases.
Secondly I needed help getting all my purchases from other comic apps into Comixology, and their customer support is simply phenomenal.
Sorry if this has become a case of `tldr` but in summary, haters will hate, but if you love comics this is the only digital option worth your time.
Best Comic App
This is hands down the best comic app. The developer does an excellent job with updates and functionality. The viewer itself is magnificent! Makes manga a snap for a new enthusiast and provides an overall easier experience for anyone. If you love comics or are just curious this is an excellent gateway.
I love this app has lots of great comics from many publishers I just wished they had older ones!
Related - Books - Comics 3.1.2
More in Books - for Comics iPhone
More by comixology - for Comics app ioS


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Yanchun Hotel
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TripAdvisor Reviews Yanchun Hotel Shijiazhuang
Travel Blogs from Shijiazhuang
Yujiacun stone village
... a crazy dream 500 years ago, when the house was built.
I had some noodles for lunch again but they were the most ridiculously salty things I'd ever had in my life. I guess when you're the only noodle show in town, you can afford to do that.
From there, I tried to get a bus home, and I would've been just in time for one of them, but these retards waved it away. They had their ...
Communing with the goddess Guanyin
... made it. We ordered some street soup, the kind with the bread in it like in Xi'an, and some barbecued bread on top of that. Gluten-tastic.
Laura surprisingly couldn't communicate vegetarian to them so she finally had to bring her own food from the small marked behind the street. Our soup was mostly vegetarian so she had some of that as well.
The we went back to the hotel and I fell quickly asleep AFTER doing a mini facial first, of course.
Couchsurfing with Xiao Liu
... still eating lunch somewhere. I had my peanut butter sandwich in my bag, but that was it. After wandering around the intersection for an hour, Madelleine and Laura showed up. We bought Liu some sweets and I had a yogurtsicle.
At around 6:30, Liu met us and took us to his government built apartment via a series of twists and turns that I immediately forgot. So we all got to stay in communist housing! Amazing! After a minute, I thought about ...
Day 10: Cangyan Mountain
... in the valley floor. Perfect location and perfect for tourists wanting to stay over and shoot in the morning. HOWEVER: Unless you are a Chinese citizen, forget it! They will not allow foreign visitors to stay in the hotel! This means you must return to the capitol and find a hotel that does accept foreigners. You would think, especially in a capitol city, that this would be easy to find. But no. However, one hotel (which shall ...
More Song Writers and Little Red Riding Hood
This week the 5th grade wrote their own songs. And yet again, I had some interesting ones done by the students. Such as:
*There's an eye on an ant on a fly on a cat on a tiger on a bear on an elephant on a whale in a house in the ship of the sea.
*There's a fly on a book on a bag on a table on a child on a chair on the floor in the home ...


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Beautiful: The Carole King Musical - Philadelphia PA
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--Washington D.C. Area--
An American Musical Landscape - Washington DC
Speak to a live representative: 800-432-7780
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My Name is Asher Lev
One boy's struggle between Tradition & Art.
Based on the best-selling novel by Chaim Potok (
The Chosen
My Name is Asher Lev
is a new American play set in Brooklyn. It tells the powerful story of a boy prodigy who must be an artist at any cost --- against the will of family, community and tradition. It is a luminous portrait of a young artist with a universal theme to follow our passion.
My Name is Asher Lev
is the newest play to transfer to the New York stage from the Long Wharf Theatre. More than 30 Long Wharf productions have moved to Broadway and Off-Broadway, including:
(Pulitzer Prize),
The Shadow Box
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The Gin Game
(Pulitzer Prize).
"A triumph. One of the best plays of the year." -
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"**** Critics Pick" -
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"Excellent and Heartfelt! A primal scene of American drama." -
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The Lowdown
Westside Theatre Upstairs
407 West 43rd Street
New York, NY 10036
Appropriate 7 +
Children under the age of 4 are not permitted in the theatre.
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Approximately 95 minutes, with no intermission
Monday @ 8pm, Wednesday @ 2pm & 8pm, Thursday & Friday @ 8pm, Saturday @ 2pm & 8pm, Sunday @ 3pm
On sale thru September 1
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text: It was a recommendation to go here by my Indian colleague. We went there on a Sunday and there were only a few people in the restaurant. But they were looking Indian, so we thought, it cannot be that bad. And the food was really good. We had samosas and a chicken saag and lamb with rice and garlic... read more


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Dr. Ken, ABC's new sitcom starring Ken Jeong, premiered tonight on ABC. Dr. Ken is ABC's fourth Asian American sitcom after the groundbreaking Mr. T and Tina, All-American Girl, Fresh Off The Boat. Dr. Ken is breaking ground of its own. Ken Jeong's character is 2nd generation and Suzy Nakamura's character (Ken's TV wife) is 3rd generation, making the kids the first kids beyond 2nd generation in an Asian American sitcom. Dr. Ken is also the first Asian American sitcom set in the 21st century.
Critics' reviews before air are mixed at best. Arthur Chu wants Jeong to be let loose. I don't disagree.
If you haven't seen Dr. Ken, I suggest giving it a watch. The pilot episode starts slow but grows increasingly funny as the episode goes on. I, for one, am looking forward to next week's episode.
If you saw Dr. Ken and were disappointed, keep watching. It gets better:
#DrKen and next 6 episodes are even better the pilot!!! We won't let you down.
— Ken Jeong (@kenjeong) October 3, 2015
But wait there's more!
Shortly after Dr. Ken's premiere came the unveiling of a secret project — Post Show and Tell. Created by the beloved 8asians Editor-In Chief Jocelyn "Joz" Wong, Post Show and Tell is the official unofficial after show for Dr. Ken. Post Show and Tell will treat viewers to Dr. Ken behind the scenes exclusives and special appearances from Dr. Ken cast and crew. Post Show and Tell will also feature your questions! To ask a question, put your question in a comment on Post Show and Tell's YouTube channel or tweet your questions to @PostShowAndTell.
The first Post Show and Tell features Ken Jeong, the star of Dr. Ken, and Krista Marie Yu, the brilliant young actress who plays Dr. Ken's daughter:
Did you enjoy Dr. Ken? Did you enjoy Post Show and Tell? Let us know!
– Justin Gillenwater


text: Paul: There was a Benghazi 'coverup'JUST WATCHEDPaul: There was a Benghazi 'coverup'ReplayMore Videos ...MUST WATCHStories worth watching (19 Videos)Paul: There was a Benghazi 'coverup'Bourdain follows path of heroin in AmericaThe quietest town in AmericaOld buildings get recycled into resortAt the top of One World Trade CenterIs this the future of driving?Take a trip down Venice's Grand CanalIf it works, this could power everythingCould plastic trees end air pollution?These people print body partsPoll shows Clinton ahead of Sanders, Biden Liberal anaylist: new pro-Biden ad is 'awful'Trump beating opponents in their home state pollsSouth Carolina wedding almost called off by floodTim Tebow surprises superfan, wins the InternetAmericans among missing on cargo ship lost at seaPilot dies during American Airlines flightGo behind-the-scenes with U.S. Special OpsMiami Heat dancer drops phone; dolphin brings it backIs Trump University a fraud?Source: CNNAdded on 5:40 PM ET, Thu May 16, 2013Sen. Rand Paul discusses the Benghazi controversy with CNN's Wolf Blitzer. More from Best of TVThe agent who saved Reagan's life2010: Chilean miners honored at CNN Heroes2011: Rescued Chilean miners suffering a year laterPowered by Livefyre


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Beginners Yoga Classes in Walsall - SaturdayToday
Yoga Classes in Walsall from Bliss Yoga and Pilates
Beginners Pilates Classes in Walsall - SaturdayToday
Classes in Walsall from Bliss Yoga and Relaxation
Little KicksToday
This programme is specifically designed for children between the ages of 4-6, aimed to develop life skills and enhance child development.
Saturday Short Walk - WallToday
Saturday Fortnightly Short Walks Winter Programme - Walk at Wall
Baby Tap Classes in WalsallToday
Join Dance Xtreme for baby tap classes in Walsall
Ladies Boxercise Classes in WalsallToday
Ladies Boxercise Classes in Walsall every Saturday 10.30am-11.30am
Junior Kicks (Aged 7-12)Today
The Junior Kicks curriculum is designed to increase a child's balance, flexibility, strength and boosts confidence.
Late Night Lock-In @ M.N.A GamingToday
Joing M.N.A Gaming Every Saturday Night for their Late Night Lock-in
Yoga(dynamic) classes in Walsall - Sundays11/10/2015
Join Bliss Yoga for dynamic yoga classes in Walsall on Sundays
Baby Yoga Classes in Walsall - Monday12/10/2015
Baby Yoga Classes in Walsall from Bliss Yoga


text:
ClassicsOnline Home » Lute Recital: Podolski, Michel - ATTAINGNANT, P. / DALZA, J.A. / NEUSIDLER, H. / MUDARRA, A. / GORZANIS, G. / FRANCISQUE, A. / NEGRI, C. / DOWLAND, J.
ClassicsOnline customers will not be able to use their log in to access the new HD site. Please create a new ClassicsOnline HD•LL account to download albums, subscribe to streaming, create playlists and more!


text:
David Corbacho
Hi , I made a search "orientation" but I didn't found anything.
How do you change the orientation of a node?
If it's a node in the left part, and you drag it to the right part, the circle of dragging becomes red.
It's difficult to explain but I think you understand what I mean.
David Corbacho
I will reply myself
Drag the node NOT from the circle that is at the beginning of the node, BUT from the node itself.
I've tried dragging the node across the root to the other side, around the root to the other side, etc. It always goes back to its original side. I've also tried the "reset position" choice from the menu. Still it won't change sides. Any ideas?
David Corbacho
Im using version 0.9
If you drag the node (clicking in its title) and drag it to the root, in the big circle will appear a grey gradient showing you in what side is going to be placed. Choose the side and drop it. It worked for me.
You are right, now it works for me. I thought that is what I did earlier but must not of. Thanks


text:
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World News and Views :: Top of the News
Dow Makes Management Changes to Drive its Transformation
August 17, 2010 | Kerri Walsh
Dow Chemical has made several management changes, effective immediately. The announcement comes a few weeks after the company's mixed-second quarter results, which missed analysts' estimates. Jim Fitterling has been named president of plastics and hydrocarbons, and an executive v.p. of Dow. He was most recently senior v.p./corporate development. Juan Luciano has been appointed president of the performance division, which will be made up on Dow's performance products and performance systems divisions. Luciano has also been named an executive v.p. of the...
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I've put a new source tarball on the downloads page. I have converted the program to run on FreeBSD because I can get the function keys to all work correctly (the way they did on DOS). You can still compile it for Linux but the function keys won't work correctly. The tarball includes binaries for FreeBSD 4.10.
Changed the DOS package from 0.413 to 0.414. Added the GNU license information to the header of all souce files. No code changes were made.
I have uploaded a zip archive of the DOS source code. I consider this code ONLY for reference and historical purposes. It is quite specific in it's design and would require considerable work to adapt it for use. See the notes includes in the package. It is also available in CVS under the "curses" archive and tags: dos-0411, dos-0412, and dos-0413.
I was preparing the original DOS source files to check in to CVS, but discovered one that I did not write. I am currently trying to get permission to include that file with the others.


text:
EAST RUTHERFORD, N.J. -- Perry Fewell typically starts brainstorming about the next opponent not long after his players are done showering in the locker room on Sundays.
This week, however, the defensive coordinator needed more than 24 hours to recover from the New York Giants' devastating 38-31 loss to the Philadelphia Eagles.
After watching his defense surrender a 31-10 lead with eight minutes left in a game that would all but decide the NFC East, the Eagles game lingered with Fewell until "late Monday, maybe Tuesday morning."
This loss hurt more than any Fewell has ever experienced.
"I've never had that happen, so obviously that's tough," Fewell said. "George Allen said that every time you lose a little piece of you dies and so I think that's very true in that sense.
"But I'm still breathing, I'm still here," Fewell added.
Despite all that went wrong in a catastrophic eight minutes against Michael Vick and the Eagles, the Giants' playoff hopes are still alive. If the Giants (9-5) win in Green Bay on Sunday, they'll clinch a playoff berth. If they lose to the Packers (8-6), they will drop a critical head-to-head tiebreaker with Green Bay for a Wild Card spot and will need to beat the Redskins in the season finale and require help the following week to get in.
Eli Manning, who called for a players-only meeting and delivered a solo speech to the team for the first time on Monday, will have to find a way to win again on the hallowed ground at Lambeau Field in what will basically be a playoff game. Manning and the Giants know how to win in Green Bay with everything at stake. It was only about three years ago when Manning beat Brett Favre in the NFC Championship game.
And like on that frozen day, Manning will need his defense to make big plays. He basically needs the defense that bottled up Vick for three-and-a-half quarters and not the one that allowed the Eagles quarterback to run wild in the final minutes.
This week won't get much easier as Fewell has to slow Aaron Rodgers. The Packers quarterback is returning from a one-game absence due to his second concussion this season -- but when healthy, Rodgers can make a defense look silly with Greg Jennings, Donald Driver and James Jones at his disposal.
Not only does Rodgers have a deadly accurate arm but he can run, scoring four touchdowns with his feet this season.
The Giants are going to have to bring pressure against an offensive line that has allowed 34 sacks this season so far. The defense will have to be disciplined for 60 minutes and finish against a playoff contender. In just over six minutes last Sunday, the Eagles scored 21 points and Vick rushed for 94 of his 130 yards on the ground.
It was an epic defensive collapse. Fewell said he didn't change much of his game plan after the Giants went up 31-10 with 8:17 remaining. It wasn't like he suddenly went into a prevent defense. He still brought blitzes.
Unfortunately for the Giants, Vick raised his game like superstars do, and the defense compounded that by making some critical mistakes.
Safety Kenny Phillips, attempting to go for the ball, missed a tackle after tight end Brent Celek ran deep past Justin Tuck for a 65-yard catch-and-run touchdown, starting the comeback.
Safety Deon Grant later missed a tackle trying to wrap Vick high on one long run, and Jeremy Maclin, given a sizeable cushion by Terrell Thomas, caught the game-tying touchdown.
"I didn't really change," Fewell said of what happened to a defense that went from playing some of its best football to its worst in a matter of minutes. "I wanted us to keep playing fast, I wanted us to keep playing physical, I wanted us to stay aggressive, I wanted our players not to feel like the game was over or to start letting up. I wanted us to put them to bed, so I didn't really change that much."
Prior to Sunday, Fewell's most painful loss was to the Dallas Cowboys on a Monday night game in 2007. The then-Buffalo Bills defensive coordinator watched his defense pick Tony Romo off five times and score two touchdowns, only to drop a stunning 25-24 loss after Dallas scored nine points in the final 20 seconds.
No one knows for sure how the Giants will respond in Green Bay. But they've displayed positive signs this week starting with what Fewell described as an "excellent" practice on Wednesday.
"As hard as it is to believe, I think guys have actually managed to move on," defensive tackle Barry Cofield said after Wednesday's practice. "We realize that if we win we are in. We got a big game and a big opponent and a lot riding on it so that makes it easier to move on."
Tom Coughlin's teams have shown resiliency and a knack for thriving when things appear bleak. After a 1-2 start -- in which the team's leaders and Coughlin's control were questioned -- the Giants responded with a five-game winning streak that saw them batter Chicago and shut down Houston's offense. Then after losing two games to Dallas and Philadelphia, the Giants won three straight, including one against Minnesota after having the game moved to Detroit due to a snowstorm that damaged the Metrodome roof.
Now the Giants defense has to prove that it hasn't collapsed like the Metrodome after one of the most painful losses in franchise history. Their backs are against the wall again. And that might be a good thing for the Giants.
"It's either fight or flight," said safety Antrel Rolle, who also guaranteed the Giants will make the playoffs earlier this week. "And we aren't running, we are here and we're here to stay for the long haul and we're going to give it everything we got. If everything we got is not good enough, then so be it. I definitely believe it is."
Ohm Youngmisuk covers the Giants for ESPNNewYork.com. Follow him on Twitter.


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3/5 Men and Women's Fencing Conference Championship
Men and Women's Fencing competes in the Conference Championship on March 5th.
AS A SOPHOMORE: Closed out the season with a 28-3 record ... at the Northwestern Duals, picked up clean sheets vs. Detroit, Lawrence, John's Hopkins, Cleveland State, Wayne State and North Carolina ... vs. John's Hopkins clinched sabre victory with a 5-1 win over Nicolas Barbera ... tallied a 17-1 mark at the Notre Dame Duals ... racked up clean sheets vs. Lawrence, Michigan, Northwestern, Wisconsin, Michigan State, Illinois, Chicago, Cleveland State, and Detroit ... clinched the sabre victory against Detroit vs. Doug Sollman 5-3 ... took down Ben Poulson of Michigan State 15-2 before falling to Michael Douville of Ohio State 5-15 in the Midwest Fencing Conference Championship.
AS A FRESHMAN: Went 11-3 on the year ... his lone regular season competition came at the Notre Dame Duals ... earned his first career win against Florida's Omari Tate (5-4) ... finished the Midwest Fencing Conference Championships in 22nd place ... at the conference championships, beat Tom Lorenzo of Detroit, 15-7, in the round of 64 before falling to eventual champion John Friend of Ohio State in the round of 32.
Schlehuber's Career Record
Anthony Schlehuber


text:
You limited your search to:
Partner: UNT Libraries
Country: United States
Decade: 1960-1969
Collection: UNT Theses and Dissertations
The 13th Congressional District in Transition: a Preliminary Analysis of Representation
Date: January 1967
Creator: Bryant, Stephen N.
Description: The relationship between the representative and the reapportioned district is the central feature of the present study as it attempts to assess selected facets of the 13th Congressional District in transition.
Contributing Partner: UNT Libraries
Actinoplanes Philippinensis: Effect of Carbon Sources on Zoospore Production
Date: May 1968
Creator: White, Olivia
Description: Actinomycetes are able to utilize a great variety of carbohydrates, like sugar. The particular kind of sugar and its concentration has decisive effect on the growth of microorganisms. The proper nutritional media aids also in the production of spores. Based on this generalization, that the growth and sporulation of microorganisms are greatly influenced by the nature and the concentration of carbohydrates, an attempt has been made to study Actinoplanes philippinensis with respect to this influence.
Contributing Partner: UNT Libraries
American Artillery in the Mexican War 1846-1847
Date: May 1969
Creator: Dillon, Lester R.
Description: This thesis presents a history of the United States' war with Mexico with a focus on the maturing of the United States artillery on the battlefields of Mexico.
Contributing Partner: UNT Libraries
An Analysis and Classificiation of Children's Explanations of Natural Phenomena
Date: January 1963
Creator: Smith, Robert Frank
Description: The problem of this study was to analyze the answers given by four groups (grade levels) of elementary school children and one group of adults (college freshmen) to direct questions regarding natural phenomena, to classify their explanations, to determine the methods and types of explanations used by these groups when they explain typical natural phenomena, and to compare these findings with the results of other investigators, especially Jean Piaget and Mervin E. Oakes.
Contributing Partner: UNT Libraries
Analysis and Evaluation of the Role of Elementary School Supervisors in Selected Texas Public Schools
Date: June 1963
Creator: Todd, Cyrus Edwin, 1911-
Description: In the analysis and evaluation of the role of the elementary school supervisor, the purpose was (1) to investigate relationships which might exist between certain personal and professional background characteristics of elementary school supervisors and the activities in which they engaged, (2) to determine the activities in which elementary school supervisors engaged, (3) to determine emphasis placed upon those activities in which elementary school supervisors engaged, and (4) to evaluate those activities in which elementary school supervisors engaged.
Contributing Partner: UNT Libraries
An Analysis of a Sample of County Welfare Families with a Record of Pregnancy Causing Increases in Welfare Expenditures
Date: June 1966
Creator: Hollingsworth, Bruce Richard
Description: This is a study of families that had pregnancies while they were recipients or potential recipients of public assistance.
Contributing Partner: UNT Libraries
An Analysis of Distribution Patterns of Amphibians and Reptiles in Texas
Date: August 1969
Creator: Leonard, Cuyler Hershey
Description: The purpose of this investigation was to analyze the distribution of amphibians and reptiles in Texas by means of the methods of Webb and Hagmeier and Stults. An additional graphical analysis was made, including range and range limits which provides a cross-section of faunal change along selected base lines across the state.
Contributing Partner: UNT Libraries
An Analysis of Interpersonal Group Structures and Personality Profiles of Team Members Representing Two Categories of Junior College Basketball Teams
Date: August 1967
Creator: McLemore, Matthew Hunter, 1933-
Description: The present study was an attempt to provide data which would serve as a basis for distinguishing between group patterns of winning and losing basketball teams, in terms of personality profiles and interpersonal group structures.
Contributing Partner: UNT Libraries
An Analysis of Junior Executive Training Programs in Department Stores in Texas
Date: June 1960
Creator: Ermert, Gene Oliver
Description: The problem was to determine the significance of various relationships between job-performance ratings and selected factors associated with the college curricula of junior executive trainees. Job-performance ratings were made by personnel directors and immediate supervisors of college graduates enrolled as participants in junior executive training programs in department stores in Texas.
Contributing Partner: UNT Libraries
An Analysis of Men's Physical Education Programs in Texas State-Supported Colleges and Universities Offering the Bachelor's and Master's Degree
Date: August 1969
Creator: Miller, Carl Richard
Description: The purpose of this study was (1) to determine the status of the physical education program of each state-supported college and university in Texas offering a bachelor's and master's degree in physical education for men and (2) to provide each individual institution with the necessary data for the purpose of self-evaluation.
Contributing Partner: UNT Libraries


text:
Blog Update: no regrets so far
Sipping coffee this morning and thought I should update.
It's been two weeks (?) now since we decided Mr. Husband will continue to commute for now and we will not relocate to the new city. As soon as we made the decision that day, we both felt great about it but the real 'proof is in the pudding'. How have we felt since?
Relief. Not overwhelming, dramatic relief. Just the kind that passes through your brain and you find yourself smiling.
Both of us feel this way. And the weird thing is, it wasn't even a 'decision' that had to be made. It just... was.
There was absolutely not a time during the decision process when it even, for one second, was a possibility. A 'thing' that had to be decided. It was almost like watching the whole process on a tv show and being a disinterested third party. There was no feeling at all and never, not once, a pull to move there. A feeling like we should move there. Needing to make a decision if we should move there. Nothing.
It was just driving around some random city and then going home. There was never really a decision to be made. It was that strong of a non-decision. It really didn't even have to be decided.
Neither of us felt anything at all. So saying "Huh, nope. Not moving here." was really all that had to be said, and then life went on like normal. As a non-issue.
Kind of weird that there wasn't more to it. But it just felt so dead to us that it never was a question of moving. We just weren't.
Labels: house hunting, moving
Most overpriced cities in America
To find the Most Overpriced cities, Forbes started with America's 100 largest Metropolitan Statistical Areas and Metropolitan Divisions, all with populations of 600,000 or more. MSAs and MDs are cities and their surrounding suburbs as defined by the Office of Management and Budget. First we looked at housing affordability, using the latest Housing Opportunity Index from the National Association of Home Builders and Wells Fargo. The quarterly index weighs median prices for homes sold against median income levels to determine the percentage of homes that are affordable to residents making the median income.
Due to a lack of sufficient data, Baton Rouge and New Orleans, La., as well as Columbia, S.C.; Gary, Ind.; Kansas City, Mo.; Little Rock, Ark.; Nashville, Tenn.; and Omaha, Neb. had to be excluded from results.
25. West Palm Beach, Fla.
24. Philadelphia, Penn.
23. Los Angeles, Calif.
22. Fresno, Calif.
21. Portland, Ore.
20. Providence, R.I.
19. Santa Ana, Calif.
18. Miami, Fla.
17. Riverside, Calif.
16. Seattle, Wash.
15. Edison, N.J.
14. Stockton, Calif.
13. San Diego, Calif.
12. Sacramento, Calif.
11. Long Island, N.Y.
10. Bergen County, N.J.
9. Essex County, Mass.
8. San Jose, Calif.
7. Oakland, Calif.
6. San Francisco, Calif.
5. Cambridge, Mass.
4. New York, N.Y.
3. Boston, Mass.
2. Southern Conn.
1. Honolulu, Hawaii
Honolulu, HI
Median Family Income:$82,600
Q4 2014 median sales price:$509,000
Housing affordable at median family income: 35.3%
Cost Above National Average:
Groceries:55.3%; Utilities:77.8%; Transportation: 26.7%; Health:15.7%; Misc.: 22.5%
Labels: cities and towns, news
Entry to Update: We visited the area
This past weekend was 'D' Day. Decision Day.
Time for the two of us to drive to the new city DH was relocated to - see the area from MY point of view (which is different than my husbands) and to look at the area.
My husband drives to work with one thing on his mind. Work.
He takes the exit, drives to work only noticing the lights, traffic and his own direct route.
I drive the same route and notice traffic patterns, stores, post office and court house locations. Grocery stores. Clothing stores. Schools. Churches.
See the difference?
So with my eyes, we drove to the area. We drove to his place of work (my first time seeing it! Very nice!) and then, tried to find the things I would need to run our lives. I'm not going to get into the history of this city here, but they've made very stupid mistakes, they do not have a good reputation and apparently, a very, very stupid city council. Although they've had a horrible town history, they had a chance to start new about 2 years ago but the people in power at the time made bad decisions and now they are kicking themselves for it.
There is almost nothing positive or good about this town and no reason for anyone to move there. But there is a sister-city they share a boundary with that has made better decisions, has better growth and incidentally, a better livability score, lower crime, etc. etc. Since all shopping and daily errands would be done over their boundary line (there ARE no options on the other city side due to bad, bad decisions) we traveled and... wow. ALL retail is built around ONE EXIT ON THE INTERSTATE.
So you are getting on and off the interstate at the same exit as almost every retail establishment in the city.
If you travel 1 block away from the interstate you will find... crickets. Crickets.
Fast food, a mall, Walmart, Sam's Club, Hobby Lobby, Dick's Sporting Goods, Kirklands, Restaurants, Orthodontists, Target, Kohls, Banks, hardware stores... could they CRAM anything more into this tiny little area!???
The traffic was horrendous - cars in the middle of intersections caught between red and green lights, cars turning into fast food or gas stations right next to those entering Walmart or Sam's, right next to those trying to get to a restaurant and those trying to go to the bank.
After driving around a bit we stopped at a McDonalds, ate lunch and opened the laptop to view the housing situation.
I took a picture of my husband while he was searching.
The scowl is prominent.
Together, we decided that at least for NOW, a relocation is not in our best interest.
That may or may not change in a few months. And he did have to sign a contract for 2 years at this location. But for now, the 1 1/4 hour commute is worth it to not relocate there and stay where we are at.
So we came home.
Related products available from Amazon;
Big Ernie's New Home: A Story for Young Children Who Are Moving
UBOXES Moving Labels Identify Moving Box Contents with 140 Labels, 14 Different Colors, 4.5 x 1 Inches Each (MOVINGLABS01)
Cheap Cheap Moving Boxes LLC Mover's Value Pack 30 Boxes with Supplies (Deluxe)
Labels: cities and towns, house hunting, local housing, new job, relocation 12
It was announced
This week we announced the promotion on our family page... with the large print reading that we don't know if we are moving and we don't know when that might be.
The plan is to drive to the area next weekend - check out the city, the towns nearby and drive by a few of the houses we've seen online to get an idea of the neighborhoods and the feel of the area.
You might be interested in wall art for your new home;
PHOTO TO CANVAS - 0.75" GALLERY WRAP - 20 x 24 [Kitchen]
Canvas Print, Stretched and Framed Art Work, the Bridge Under Sunset - 3 Panels Modern Paintings Canvas Wall Art for Home and Office Decoration Landscape Picture Prints on Canvas Art P3RLA013
Wall Decor Plus More WDPM3161 Sticker Lettering Masterpieces for Kids Artwork Display area, 36-Inch x 6-Inch, Black
Decision Time....
My first day home, the brick mason's 'guys' showed up to build a new mailbox. They didn't check in with us first so we didn't even know they were here until our daughter had to leave for work at 7:am and had to ask them to move their trucks so she could get out.
They worked on it and as I looked out the window, saw we were apparently getting a round brick mailbox... even though it was supposed to be rectangle, with a flat top. Too late to fuss about it (as you can see) so no worries. But later, they left without checking in with us either and when we checked the final result, we saw they installed a regular sized box when it was specifically requested the extra large size that we could fit packages in. They also didn't do as much mortar fill in and repair on the stairs as they were supposed to.
No time to fuss about it as our company was coming and I was busy. The next night, the brick mason showed up to pick up his check. He agreed he needed to come back to more stair repair, and he said they went to Lowes to get the biggest mailbox they could and this was the largest they had in stock. He said he would be back out Saturday morning to attach the address plaque and the flag.
Saturday came... no brick mason. He did show up on Sunday, after our company had left, and quickly attached the missing items. He said he would be back later this week to do some of the stair repair.
ONTO THE REAL TOPIC OF THIS POST: Are we are or aren't we? Moving, that is.
I don't know yet.
So far, Mr. Husband is content to commute and we haven't had any time to discuss it. Now that I am home, and the reunion is over, we plan to travel to "A" next week and check out the area together. We will drive around the city, and also look at some of the houses I've book marked as having a tiny bit of potential. We are not thrilled with this at all. Going further away from our daughter, her college, our familiies... and closer to a metro city we would prefer to ignore and avoid all together? Yeah, that.
But it's decision time - so next Saturday is our "driving date" in which we need to start to make our decision.
Labels: cities and towns, relocation 12


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1997 Ford F350
Alright, I figured Id give a little info about my truck and you guys could maybe give me some feedback in ruturn. I would like to know how much the IDM Mod would help, Gears ratio's Pro's/Con's, and what kind of power Im making, and if I should do anything else to the tranny.
The truck was bought two years ago for $10,000 and ran ok. It came with a KN&N FIPK Intake, Superchips Programmer, and a 3" downpipe. The truck sat for about 7 months and when I picked it up, it would barely start. Checked oil and it was black and kinda thick, removed the fuel filter and I ran my pinky finger in one of the pleets and there was about 1/4" of crap that came out, both batteries were completely junk and so forth. After I performed a Synthetic oil change w/motorcraft filter and changed the fuel filter and both batteries; startup was instant. Since then I added a full MBRP 3" to 4" Streight pipe exhaust kit and a full set of AutoMeter Gauges on the A-piller. I used a 4-40 cap screw to shim the FPR. I installed a ITP Diesel Overboost Annihilator and DI Performance HX Oil Hose. I once installed a International DT466 Cam Sensor which i removed cause It seemed to reduce throttle responce and smoke. I installed a Bully Dog Shift kit along with a Dp-Tuner F5 chip(Stock, 80hp Tow, 140hp Agressive and Lope) which I installed right next to my Wait to Start light. Since then I have replaced my up pipes and used Chevy SB 350 Donut Gaskets. At the same time i delted my EBPV and installed a new pedistal. I also replaced the factory 1.15AR turbine housing to a 1.00AR turbin housing. on the compressor side I replaced the so called Wicked Wheel to a stock SuperDuty comrpessor wheel, which seemed to cut out all the in cab whistle of the turbo, but it seems like the exhaust picked up the slack. Since everthing was already apart I decided to switch over to the SD 3" intake manifolds and custom make a Y pipe to fit.
Alright, now that you have seen and read what I have done, This is what I want to do. IDM Upgrade, New Gears 3.55 or 3.73 dont know, I have a 6.0L CAC to install in the summer and I want to change the programming in the F5 Chip
1997 F350 CCLB 4x4 - Stage #1's, Dp-Tuner F5, Swamps IDM, FPR shim, SD Intake mods, AFE intake, Gauges......
1998 Ram 3500 QCDRW 4x4 - p24v, Billet s464/83/90, ATS Manifold, TunnelRam, 6x.013's, AFE Intake, BD Intercooler, Gauges........
Re: 1997 Ford F350
IDM mod is very minor but you will notice a lil bit of a difference. If you want to start making some power you'll prolly just want to upgrade injectors seeming how obs stockers are very small.
2001 Platinum with sum stuff done
1996 F250 I solded it
2008 lifted duramax dually
Re: 1997 Ford F350
Thanx, Right now I want to see how much power and fuel mileage I can get out of the stock injectors.
Re: 1997 Ford F350
Very nice F350 and mods.
I have 3.55's gears in my 97 F350 and get 20MPG on freeway with no mods at all, bone stock, tires are bigger than stock though, 305-70-16's on stock alum rims.
Re: 1997 Ford F350
I would do a HPOP as a next mod.
97 F350 CC/LB 4x4 Powerstroke
Adrenaline HPOP
AFE FMP Intake
Banks Turbo Housing, IC, DP, and 3 Pillar Gauges
Diamond Eye 5 Inch Exhaust
DP Tuner
JW Trans
Swamps IDM and Injectors
Re: 1997 Ford F350
I found a 17* HPOP, would that be a good upgrade? I dont know a whole lot about the HEUI Injection. I dont plan on upgrading injectors any time soon. Thanks for all your info.
Re: 1997 Ford F350
Yes a 17* hpop would be a good upgrade over the obs 15* pump
Re: 1997 Ford F350
unless someone changed gears it should have 3.55 or 4.10,
97 f-350 psd
96 f-350 psd
Re: 1997 Ford F350
The idm mod will smooth out the idle a little. If you tow much I wouldn't go 3.55(which is what I have) 3.73 would be a nice compromise between 3.55 and 4.10's
Stormtrooper:: 1997 F-350 CC SRW PSD XLT 4X4: Baby Swamps, Wildman, SD Intercooler, CCV Mod, shimmed FPR, BTS, Baldwin air filter,triple pillar pod with Isspro gauges, 4" exh, SD dual tensioner mod, diamond cut headlights, Hadley air horns,
Re: 1997 Ford F350
I have the sister to your truck! Same color and all. 3.55 gears, auto 7.3
I gotta disagree on gearing. The 3.55 is ideal IMO, unless your gonna be pulling 18,000- 20,000 + alot. I towed my dually from nashville back home from Beans in dec, pulled it great! Right at 15,000 + the weight of the OBS, so +/- 22,000 pounds GCW. No chip, or anything. Not a rocketship, but did a very good job, plus the mpg is not gonna be matched by a lower gear. Just turn off the OD if its too much.
IDM mod is very worth it on the OBS. Better throttle response, a little bit more power, few psi more boost. Starts are a tad quicker too.
Sounds like you already got a good handle on things. Only thing I dont get is why the compressor wheel switch? Most everyone goes the other direction there. Electric fuel system is a good upgrade as well as pre-post pump filters and RR fuel system to get rid of the stock filter housing.
2000 f-350 cc lb dually 4x4, BTS transmission
7.85@ 90 mph on MT mud tires and 8,000 #
coming soon--97 cc lb 4x4
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MustangMatt96GT, Muzz, mwalsh9152, mxredneck, My95stroker, nards_13, ncovey, NEBR99.5 OIL BURNER, nelsonar, Nick spends, Nodge, not enoughsmoke, nova, novakid69, nuke tech, NutFarmer97, NWPAStroker, Oakes, obscowboy, OBSledpuller, OBSpstroke97, OilBurner62, old man dave, Old OutLaw, old Smokey, oldbluef250, OldschoolPSD, Ole, Ole Nasty, ole red, oneton, ono_55, ontwowheels, Optimator82, oregon96psd, Otter70, OUTLAW motorsports, PAPAS97, pappa b's powerstroke, paretf350, Parts guy, patu903, pc97f350, pdizzleinmt, pennsylvaniabo, Peter66, PJB, plainjane, plzstrokeme, podzie, Poh, poon, porter97, power-smoke, power73, Power97Stroke, powerjoker97, powerstroke742008, PowerstrokeDiesel, powerstrokefarmboy, Powerstroker88, powerstroker93, powerstrokeracing, powerstrokin104, powerstrokin97, prstrk025, PSD 2004, PSD-BLACK-CLOUD, psd444, PSDEng, PSDfamilyTradition7.3, psdmike, PSDMurph, PsRumors, Pstroke_Dev, Pstrokin73, Pullinghard2012, pullinstroker97, Pwnm30rdi3, PWRstroke_smoke, Quadra, quartershot, racer8828, raceready12, ramkiller97, rancherstroker6, ranthom, Ranzan, rayd1969, ready81, Red 93 L1 #3383, RedBull_04, redneckabbott, redpower, red_neck1984, rentazx, Rhinodogg, Richardi503, Richie, rider2xtreme93, ridgetd, RidinHigh, rieckebuiltfab, RiverRat, rkesar, RM20, Rmartin-97, RMutz27, rndllquinn, rnelsen, Robjesup88, rphron14, Russ, Russo2, rusty1161, rylerwick102, s&kpower, salloyd82, salprofish, sampsonsta, sampsue, Sandduner, SANDPSYCHO, sargepep56, SAY789, Schneider 86, screamnstroker, sdm, semmens21, semomotorsports, sharpmotors, Shaun Lindmark, Shiryas, shmober, shortm, Shovel, silenpro14, silvy1200, sjdiesel, sjfktm, slammed83mazda, slayer7712, sled hauler, Sledge, sleeperobs, sling, slinga, Slog58, slutz4, Smash Fascism, smcox1, smoke rollin stroke, smokey73, Smokin LB7, Smokin6-0, smorris, snoblade82, sonofahunter, southtexasidi, spadone, sparksf250, Sparky350, spectreblazer, speeddemon31176, Speedyone, spstactical, srfd1195, stackedstroker, StandAlone, ste2, steelhorse08, steinerr, stevem, stevv, stoneykegonsa, stroked97, stroked99_1/2, strokefreak, strokepower, stroker1999, Stroker96, strokernine6, Strokersace, strokertown, Strokin 1, strokin n smokinn, Strokin450, Strokin97, strokin97psd, strokinfarmtruck, strokingkid1392, sturbo90, SuperSmoker318, sven, swamp_ratt, swff14, t.land, t444epsd, TacticalMonk, teevo20, tella, the great white, theoldgirl1990, thirty two, Thrilbilly97, Thunderhawk6630, TIERNEY, Tiff, timfinnegan, Timmy, tlhouser, TNScrambler, toads250, Tom H, toolmangary, tougas, towsurfer, troy, Truck4, truckcap22, truckn jason, tsanjose, turboaz2, twilson66, TxAG'97, TXStroker97, Tylerjm7.3, tyler_, tysonxj, V97F350, vbstroken, vern232323, vick97psd, voodoomaker, WAD357, Wadevan, wannabstrokin, washingtoncoastie, wastroke, weareweird69, Welder843, whit7452, white06lbz, whtlgtn, Why Not, willholl79, willie2705, winkfab, Wolfe88Ford, WolfTraxx, Wreckedwolf, wvmike, xrcris, ytee, zabeard, ZCMiller, zipp, zkurtz, zpilgeram, ~NASTYSTROKER96~
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