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140 Auctions
Bloemfontein Bank Repo Vehicle Auction (MFC)
Bloemfontein Bank Repo Vehicle Auction (MFC)Add to favourites Bloemfontein
CJM Asset Management
CJM's October Collective Industrial, Antiques, Collectables & Modern Homewares Auction
Instructed by Liquidators, Finance Houses, Local Companies & Private ClientsAdd to favourites Scunthorpe, Lincolnshire
BPI & Associates
Sale Of Contents Of A Leading UK Circuit Board Manufacturer Due To Retirement - No Reserve
Diode Load Bank, Dyson Air Blade Hand Dryers, Tools, Soldering Irons, Office Equipment Etc.Add to favourites Accrington, Accrington
Total Business Care
Contents of Offices, TV Production & College: Core i5 laptops, PC's, Servers / Networking, Broadcast, Telecoms, Printers, TV's, A/V, Lighting
Professional Broadcast/Production Equipment, Business Machinery, Quantity of telecoms headsets, Brand New batteries, Large Format Printers, plus moreAdd to favourites Brimsdown, Middlesex
Industrial Auctions BV
Online auction machinery for the complete food industry in Castelvetro (IT)
Machinery for foodprocessing, slaughtering technology, packaging machines, transportation and logistics, cooling and freezingAdd to favourites Oirschot (NL), NX
BPI & Associates
Sale to Include - BBQ Grill Huts, Camping Pods, Spruce Outdoor Hot Tubs, Hot Tub Lids, Dog Houses & a 9.2m BBQ Grill Hut with Bedroom Extension
Sale to Include - BBQ Grill Huts, Camping Pods, Spruce Outdoor Hot Tubs and one 9.2m BBQ Grill Hut, USED Sectional GarageAdd to favourites Wakefield, West Yorkshire
H&H Classics Limited
The Imperial War Museum Motorcycle AuctionAdd to favourites Duxford, Cambridgeshire
William George & Co
Refurbished Railway Carriage - Vehicles - Brand New Footwear - Perfumes - Tablets - Phones - Cameras - Gifts - Toys - WatchesAdd to favourites Multiple Sites,
BPI & Associates
Great Selection of Ride-On-Mowers, Grounds Care & Leisure Products.
John Deere & Husqvarna Ride on Mowers, Chainsaws, Blowers, Strimmers, Cultivators, Honda Pressure Washers, Weber BBQ's, Tents, Callaway, Char-BroilAdd to favourites Wakefield, West Yorkshire
Epic Auctions
October AuctionAdd to favourites Leende, Netherlands
Haddon & James
Huge Trade And Technology Sale Including 84" TV's, Cinema Systems, Sound Bars, Trade Lots And Pallet QuantitiesAdd to favourites St. Albans, Hertfordshire
William George & Co
Large Auction of Surplus Stock From an Online Retailer - Massive Savings for End Users and Re-sellers
Delivery Available on all lotsAdd to favourites Peterborough,
Crosstate Auctioneers
Bank Repo's, De-Fleet Commercial Vehicles;Assorted Rigid Trucks, Trailers, Water Carts, Construction Equipment;TLB's, Mobile Cranes, Telehandlers etcAdd to favourites Boksburg North, South Africa
Thimbleby & Shorland
The Hewden AuctionAdd to favourites Newark on Trent, Notts
H&H Classics Limited
The Imperial War Museum Automobilia AuctionAdd to favourites Duxford, Cambridgeshire
W&H Peacock Auctioneers & Valuers
Woodworking Machinery, JCB Loadall, Builders Plant, Site Buildings Workshop Equipment & Stock
Please Note: Lots 1 - 100 at Oundle, Lots 101 -226 at FrognallAdd to favourites Deeping St James, Cambridgeshire
Haddon & James
Commercial Stocks, Liquidation & End Of RangeAdd to favourites St. Albans, Hertfordshire
Other industries
Field Textiles Ltd
Field Textiles ltd - Auction 2 - 07/10/2015
Direct from the Ministry of Defence - British Military Clothing, Hardware and AcessoriesAdd to favourites Basildon, Essex
BPI & Associates
KODAK SITE CLOSURE; Boxing Machines, Fume Scrubbers, Coilers & Decoilers, Air Handling, Rollers, Cranes, Power Packs, Guillotines, Control Gear
BPI & NCM: Heat Exchanges, Pumps, Storage Tanks, Brindle Drives, Motors, Scissor lifts, Valves, Storage Racking, Engineering Equipment, Parts, plusAdd to favourites Leeds, West Yorkshire
H&H Classics Limited
The Imperial War Museum Motor Car Auction
Please note that lots 145 & 146 are not available for live biddingAdd to favourites Duxford, Cambridgeshire
William George & Co
Rolex - Tag - Ferrari Watches - Signed Memorabilia - Architectural Salvage - Diamonds - Jewellery - WWII Cipher Machine - China - Silverware
Collectables ECTAdd to favourites Multiple Locations
G J Wisdom & Co Auctioneers, Valuers
Collective Auction of Cherished Number Plates, Vehicle's, Plant, Apple & Other IT Equipment, Motor Spares & More
Collective Auction on Behalf of The Finance Company, HMRC, Insolvency Practitioner's & OthersAdd to favourites Sidcup, Kent
Tayside Machinery Limited
Used Machine Tools & Fabrication Machinery
Surplus stock of ongoing businessAdd to favourites Motherwell, Scotland
Lambert Smith Hampton
Wood Machinery Solutions
SCM and Holzher edge banders, SCM, Homag, Panhans and Selco beam saws, SCM, Busellato, Weeke and Biesse CNC routers (Subject to Availability)Add to favourites Leeds, West Yorkshire
Gilbert Baitson
Timed Online Auction of Plumbing and Electrical Appliances (Staggered)Add to favourites Hull, Yorkshire
Bulk Cleaning Product Auction | 7 Different Units With Bulk Quantity Cleaning Products Inc Brands.. Mr Muscle | Kleenex | Soflan & Surf.
Hassle-Free Delivery Available Throughout the UKAdd to favourites Longport, Stoke-on-Trent
William George & Co
Entire Bedrooms & Other Furniture from The Marriott County Hall - London - Brand New LED Bars & Furniture - Brand New Baroque Style Furniture
Banqueting & Wedding Furniture - Office Furniture - Brand New Outdoor FurnitureAdd to favourites Peterborough,
Capital Asset Remarketing
Swift 'Sprite Quattro FB' - 2012 Land Rover Discovery 4 'XS' - 2010 Audi A3 'Sport' - Mercedes Sprinter + Lots More (TAKE A LOOK)
GOOD SELECTION OF 4X4 CARS AND VANS - GET WINTER READY - ITS COMING SOON !!!Add to favourites Ely, cambridgshire
VKR VerwertungsKontor Rheinland GmbH
+++2. Usedma Live Auction October 15, 2015+++ +++2. Usedma Live-Auction 15. Oktober 2015
Usedma-Live-Auction on 15. October 2015Add to favourites D - 47546 Kakar, .
GWA Auctioneers and Valuers
Usual Contractors Plant sale including telehandlers, mini excavators, dumpers, rollers, compressors, containers etcAdd to favourites Clitheroe, Lancashire
Motor Vehicles (By Order of Various Administrators & Retained Clients)Add to favourites Birmingham
BPI & Associates
KODAK SITE CLOSURE; Contents of Engineering & Maintenance Dept, Large Quantity of Pallet Racking, Steel Stillages, Parts Racking, Shipping Conts
BPi & NCM: Machine Tools, Compressors, Motors, Valves, Tanks, Pumps, Pallet Racking, Fume Scrubbers, Shipping Containers, Specialist Printers plus...Add to favourites Leeds, West Yorkshire
Ramco UK Limited
Ramco Weekly Auction SaleAdd to favourites Skegness, Lincolnshire
William George & Co
Pawnbrokers' Gold & Diamond Stock Clearance - Rolex Submariner, Rings, Sovereigns, Necklaces, Bracelets, Pendants, Earrings,
All items tracked, signed for FREE DELIVERYAdd to favourites Sheffield, South Yorkshire
William George & Co
Seasonal Tradestock Special: Fireworks, Halloween, Christmas, Bedding, Kitchen Electrical's, Toys, Jewellery, Homewares, Motorbikes, Quad-bikes
Delivery available on trade stocks, £14+vat for parcels, £60+vat for pallets. Fireworks collection onlyAdd to favourites , Sheffield
BPI & Associates
KODAK SITE CLOSURE; Portakabins, 09 Costan Chiller, Office Furniture, Business, Kitchen & Canteen Eqpt, Printers, Desks, Projectors, Cabinets
BPi & NCM: Office Furniture, Printers, 8 Burner Hob, Stainless Fryers, Fridges, Grills, Dishwasher Prep Tables, Sinks, ChairsAdd to favourites Leeds, West Yorkshire
BPI & Associates
NCM –Sale of Surplus Machinery From College Engineering & Woodworking Department inc Lathes, Drills, Milling Machine, Cylindrical Grinder & More
Sale Includes Lathes, Drills, Milling Machine, Cylindrical grinder, Vibro Shear, Band Saws & Much MoreAdd to favourites Doncaster, South Yorkshire
Beds & Mattresses Bulk Pallet Auction - Inc. Single's,Doubles,King Size,Super King Size With A Combined RRP Of £50,000!Add to favourites Longport, Stoke-on-Trent
Haddon & James
Technology Lots & Trade Sale ItemsAdd to favourites St. Albans, Hertfordshire
Other industries
Cheffins Vintage and Onsite Auctions
Cambridge Vintage Sale No 2Add to favourites Ely, Cambridgeshire
Watts & Associates
CARLTON GENERAL SALE (Ring 3) Contractors Plant, Agricultural & Grounds Maintenance Equipment
CARLTON GENERAL SALE (Ring 3) Contractors Plant, Agricultural & Grounds Maintenance EquipmentAdd to favourites Nr Barnsley, South Yorkshire
Haddon & James
Public & Trade Live SaleAdd to favourites St. Albans, Hertfordshire
Other industries
Watts & Associates
CARLTON GENERAL SALE (Ring 2) Buckets, Attachments, Vehicles, Small Plant & Garden Equipment
CARLTON GENERAL SALE (Ring 2) Buckets, Attachments, Vehicles, Small Plant & Garden EquipmentAdd to favourites Nr Barnsley, South Yorkshire
Cheffins Vintage and Onsite Auctions
Cambridge Vintage Sale No 5Add to favourites Ely, Cambridgeshire
Haddon & James
Works of Art, Jewellery, Watches, Perfumes & High Value ElectronicsAdd to favourites St. Albans, Hertfordshire
Other industries
Haddon & James
Huge Public and Trade Sale (10 minute Rule Applies)Add to favourites St. Albans, Hertfordshire
Other industries
Midland Asset Management
RARE OPPORTUNITY TO BUY LOW COST COTTAGE IN FRANCE!Add to favourites Retford, Nottingham
Nationwide Auctions Ltd
1000 Plus Lots of Commercial Catering Equipment
Due to the Restructuring of this major Catering Dealer all Stock is to Be Sold - Every style of major Appliance new and usedAdd to favourites Nottingham, England
BPI & Associates
550m New Security Fence, 1960s Original Vespas, Cast Iron Building Materials, Hot Tubs, Tools, Buddha Figures, Decorations on behalf of J Cowell
Teak Summer Outdoor Goods, Hot Tubs, Patio Heaters, Fencing & Much MoreAdd to favourites Preston, Lancs
Istituto Vendite Giudiziarie Ferrara
Asta Fallimentare e Giudiziaria
Attrezzatura Meccanica, Automezzi, Produzione Pontili Nautici, arredi casa e ufficio, dipinti ecc.Add to favourites FERRARA, -
Derry's Ltd
Ex Shop display items and architectural-salvageAdd to favourites Lancs
Trade stocks
W&H Peacock Auctioneers & Valuers
Property Maintenance and Floor Cleaning Machinery and Equipment
Following premature cancellation of contract and including many items purchased in 2013Add to favourites St Neots, Cambridgeshire
BPI & Associates
Clearance Diamond Ring & Designer Jewellery Auction on Behalf of Diamond Auctions Online; No VAT.Add to favourites Brighouse, West Yorkshire
Collective Online Auction Of Agricultural, Construction, Garage and Industrial Machinery, Plant & Tools
Bidding Closes 20th October From NoonAdd to favourites Exeter, Devon
AMS Auctions
Construction Plant and Machinery - 20th OctoberAdd to favourites Gloucester, Gloucestershire
William George & Co
Large Quantity of Flooring - High End Brands - Heckmondwike - Supacord - Montage - Gradus - Chrarisma - SRS - Forbo - Polysafe - EarthwerksAdd to favourites Ellesmere (SY12),
JPS Chartered Surveyors
Collective Auction - Catering Equipment,Outdoor Wear,New Compressors,Toys,Tools, Beats Headphones and Collectables-15482Add to favourites Manchester, Greater Manchester
General collective
Gilbert Baitson
Stock of Plumbing Fittings, Modern and Traditional Household FurnishingsAdd to favourites Hull, Yorkshire
General collective
Sanderson Weatherall
Food/Seafood Processing & Packaging Machinery, Refrigerated Van
Food/Seafood Processing & Packaging Machinery, Refrigerated VanAdd to favourites Hull


text:
Economy Inn
No prices found through our partners. Please contact the business directly or check some of our recommended alternatives.
Travel Blogs from Lynwood
Drones and the Bu
Wow, 8 days since my last post...time is flying by. This week marked the half way point in my trip...Crazy! Here is what I've been up to this last week:
Sunday the 15th: Last Sunday was designated the FaceTime/Skype day. After church, I FaceTimed friends back at Taylor, my parents, and my grandparents. It was great to see everyone that I talked to and am excited to see everyone soon. After the last of the calls, our group went to Bel ...
Venice Beach
Breakfast time! At 8:30, it was a difficult time to try and make decisions. To choose between the smoked salmon on bagel w/cream cheese, or the egg white scramble w/chicken. I want the egg white scramble, but then changed after 20 seconds haha!
It was another train ride and bus to back to Venice beach. Venice was way to enjoyable, we just had to go back. We planned to go to one of the best ...
La La Land
... isn't as bad as we all once thought!?
LA out, Sandie xo
Los Angeles
Hot today for our arrival, 38 degrees. Again Delta on time & Hilary Swank & her two puppies were on board with us. As we head into North Hollywood on our Super Shuttle I remember just now spread out LA really is. But soon enough we get to the hotel & find Bel & Ash by the pool where we have several cocktails to commence the next leg of our journey. How ...
"The adventure is just beginning"
... br>
And let me tell you I have seen more men wearing mouse ears than I could have possibly imagined! And middle aged women in ears smoking is not a pretty sight!Back at the room, we ready for showers when we discover the building must have originally been built for the seven dwarfs. The shower head must not be more than 5 feet.The wifi is so weak and/or crowded I get nothing but the spinning wheel. I am typing off line and will post when I can. Photos are out of the question for ...
New Orleans, Grand Canyon, Las Vegas, LA
... braces with baseball hat, chatting about their guns and their " easy rider rifle rack" included in the back ( Jeff's quote from Cheech and Chong for those who remember). We headed out the next morning for a 1.5 hr pleasant, relaxing scenic drive up into the Grand Canyon South rim. Jeff and I visited the north rim if Grand Canyon in 2011 and based on recommendations of Seat 61 website, decided to do the south rim this time. It is chalk and cheese by comparison. I would always ...
Other places to stay in Lynwood
Mission Motel11920 Long Beach Boulevard, Lynwood | 2 star motelfrom $43
Lynwood Century Freeway Travelodge11401 Long Beach Boulevard, Lynwood | 2 star motelfrom $62

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Future Strategies, Wallsend
- Name:
- Future Strategies
- Address:
- Station Road
- Postcode/City:
- NE28 6HD Wallsend - Willington Quay
- County:
- Tyne and Wear
- Phone:
- 0191240292801912402928
- E-mail:
- Send message
Updated more than 6 months ago | Claim This Business| Report Incorrect Data
At Future Strategies, we provide effective solutions in Recruitment, Training, Personal Development and Human Resources, tailored to meet your business goals.
Keywords:Training Services
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text:
Rank: 8038
active 5 months, 3 weeks ago
I was born in Las vegas, Nevada. Moved to Pahrump, Nevada when I was 3. I have went to schools out here since pre-k. I really respect people who can be there self without caring what anyone else thinks. I have my ups and my lows but there is two people that I know I can always count on, My mom and God. I have been a christian for about four years now and it has completley changed my life. peta 2 is a huge part of my life and I thank god for it. (:
Search the Street Team
vegetarian and loving it! I feel healthy and energized and happy I'm not contributing to the madness!
Life story in less than 140 characters? Well I don't think that's going to happen! But we can try, my name is Sarah, I'm 16 years old from Jersey. I table for Peta 2,I love adventures, being myself, my friends & family, the little things in life, music, and of course animals. Alive to be happy, happy to be alive.
J'recois beaucoup de demande d'amitié de gens qui font rien comme actions, je n'ajoute que ceux qui aide vraiment la cause. / I receive a lot of friend request from people who don't make action for animals, I will don't add you if you don't do anything for them.
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text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Mar 24, 2009
|Filing date
|Mar 8, 2007
|Priority date
|Mar 8, 2007
|Fee status
|Publication number
|Daniel F. Handman
|Original Assignee
|Boxboro Systems, Llc
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (9), Non-Patent Citations (4), Referenced by (5), Classifications (7), Legal Events (2)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
In general, car manufacturers have three different reasons to perform crash tests: (1) meeting US and European regulations in order to get the official approval and homologation for road service in the various countries; (2) meeting the requirements of various consumer tests such as EuroNCAP, US-NCAP, JNCAP etc.; and (3) research and development tests that give the design engineers valuable inputs to create safer cars. The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) has a legislative mandate under Title 49 of the United States Code, Chapter 301, Motor Vehicle Standard, to issue Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards (FMVSS) and Regulations to which manufacturers of motor vehicles and items of motor vehicle equipment must conform and certify compliance. Part 572 defines the Anthropomorphic Test Devices.
Included in these regulations are definitions for the Hybrid III 50th male, 5th female, 3-month-old, 9-month-old, 6-year-old, and 9-year-old frontal impact dummies, and a 50th male side impact dummy. Several new frontal and side impact dummies are currently being reviewed world-wide for inclusion in enhanced safety standards. FMVSS 208 and 209 define testing methods for frontal impact tests, and FMVSS 214 defines methods for side impact crash tests. Similar standards exist throughout the world.
See Procedures for Assembly, Disassembly, and Inspection (PADI) of the Hybrid III 5th Percentile Adult Female Crash Test Dummy (HIII-5F0, Alpha Version revised June 2002, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA reference), which is incorporated by reference in its entirety.
The regulations also define standards for impact protection based on a variety of force, acceleration, and displacement measurements taken on the dummies during a crash. Of particular importance is measurement of the deformation of the ribs of crash test dummies.
The Hybrid III 5th female ATD comprises a head assembly 1201, a neck assembly 1203, an upper neck bracket 1205, a lower neck bracket 1207, an upper rib guide 1209, an upper torso assembly 1211, a lower rib guide 1213, a lower torso assembly 1215, and a leg assembly 1217.
Currently, a potentiometer and linkage 1315 is used to measure the compression of the sternum 1311 towards the spine, or sternum stop 1309, at a single point in the middle of the sternum. Chest transducer assembly 1313 receives data from the potentiometer and linkage assembly 1315 and aids in the computation of chest deflection. One end of the linkage has a ball that rides in a track on the front of the sternum. Under severe impacts the ball disconnects from the track, invalidating the data collected. Automotive safety experts wish to get motion data from multiple points on the chest, and to extend the measurements from a single axis to two or three axes.
Alternatives to the chest potentiometer have been built and are currently being evaluated, including the "Thumper" which measures compression at 4 points on the chest, and a multipoint linkage system that measures three degrees of freedom at 4 points on the chest, such as the THOR Advanced Crash Test Dummy. They have not been incorporated into regulations at this time.
See THOR Advanced Crash Test Dummy User's Manual of the 50th Percentile Male (Alpha Version 1.1 released Dec. 14, 2001, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration reference), which is incorporated by reference in its entirety.
A more detailed view of the elliptical ribs 105 and four point chest deflection instrumentation 117, may be seen in
The triaxial accelerometer 209 is located in the center of gravity of torso 117 and is used to measure acceleration along three principle axes. The uniaxial accelerometer 211 is positioned on the sternal plate is and is used to measure acceleration at that point.
The upper and lower CRUX units, 205 and 207 respectively, measure the deflection of the rib cage and capture three dimension deformation data. The CRUX units comprise a two bar linkage system which features three measured degrees of freedom to provide a three-dimensional measurement. The CRUX unit comprises an end joint 224 with rotary capability, a mid joint 226 and a base joint 228. The mid joint 226 and base joint 228 further comprise precision rotary potentiometers 230 to measure the position of the various link-arms. A single potentiometer is mounted at the mid-joint and two potentiometers are mounted at the base joint. The CRUX unit is attached to the sternum bib through a bib attachment 222.
During impact testing, the output voltages from each of the three potentiometers are recorded with data acquisition systems. This data is processed to convert the output voltages into three-dimensional coordinates for X, Y, and Z displacement. Therefore the initial, dynamic and final positions of the unit may be determined directly from the potentiometer output voltage signals.
A tube lighting technique has also been developed where light emitting diodes and sensors are placed on opposite sides of an ATD rib connected by a telescoping tube. The telescoping tube will contract once the ribs are comprised. The light measured by the sensors will be increased in intensity once the ribs are comprised. A measurement of rib deformation may be achieved by measuring the intensity changes of the light.
Due to the mass of the parts and friction in the assemblies, the measurement systems mentioned above affect the bio-fidelity, the measure of how well the ATD simulates a human being, of the chest assembly. All of the above mentioned ATD methods require mechanical connections between the measurement point and a reference point, thus reducing bio-fidelity as well as limiting the number of possible measurement points. Non-contact solutions are preferred in order to substantially increase the number of potential measurement points without affecting the bio-fidelity of the crash test dummy, without adding uncertainty to the measurements or decreasing the sampling rate of the measurement.
At least two non-contact optical systems for measuring displacements within the thorax of an ATD have been proposed. Both systems use optical angle sensors mounted to the ATD spine that track the positions of multiple light emitting diodes (LEDs) mounted on the ribs and sternum of the ATD, by means of triangulation.
In the one of the non-contact optical systems, Reddi, Oslon, and Savage, in US Patent Application Publication US2003/0083844 A1, describe the application of multiple optical angle sensors to calculate the positions of multiple LEDs inside the thorax of a crash test dummy. Reddi et al. propose using linear arrays of photosensitive elements, preferably CCDs, as light angle sensors. The device of Reddi et al. turns on all of the LEDs at the same time and uses a target tracking/estimating approach to determine the positions of the LEDs. The use of target tracking and position estimating algorithms adds uncertainty to the position measurement accuracy.
In another non-contact optical system, Ogata, Chiba, Kawai and Asakura, in a paper presented at the 1991 ESV conference, "Development of a Sternum Displacement Sensing System for a Hybrid III Dummy;" and in Japanese Patent 3135765, describe using position sensitive diodes (PSD) based optical cameras to monitor the positions of multiple LEDs inside the thorax of a crash test dummy. Ogata et al. uses time multiplexed LEDs in their system, and drive the LEDs with an AC signal to eliminate ambient light effects. Ogata et al. also describes the use of mirrors to effectively increase the distance from the LEDs to the PSD cameras. Ogata et al. additionally describes the use of calibration tables to overcome the non-linearities of the system.
The use of triangulation to measure the position of a light source, using multiple optical angle sensors, is a well known technique. The difficulties in applying this technology to measure rib motions inside the thorax of a crash test dummy lie in the large variations in light intensity at a sensor due to motions of the LED within the measurement range. The intensity variations are due to two factors: (1) the light intensity at a sensor due to light emitted from a source is inversely proportional to the square of the distance between the light sensor and the light source; and (2) the light intensity emitted from a LED decreases as the viewing angle of the light with respect to the face of the LED increases. The affects of the second factor is shown in
During a crash test, a LED mounted on a rib can move from its undeflected position of approximately four inches from a sensor mounted to the spine, to closer than 1.5 inches from a sensor. Due to the flexibility of the ribs, the angular orientation of the LED can also change significantly. Both the Reddi and Ogata devices turn on the LEDs at a constant drive level, and therefore a constant brightness.
Intensity at
Intensity at
Left Sensor
Right Sensor
As seen from the table above, with constant LED brightness the sensors will see very low light intensities for LEDs in various positions within the measurement range. The low light intensities will result in a small signal to noise ratio, and large measurement errors. Reddi attempts to solve this problem using CCD sensors with a large dynamic range, and rely on peak locations for measurement data. Ogata utilizes mirrors in order to minimize the LED to sensor distance variations as a LED traverses the measurement range. Ogata also drives the LEDs with an AC signal, and uses AC coupling between the PSD and an PSD transimpedance amplifier in order to eliminate the effects of ambient light and PSD dark current. However, the use of this technique means that each LED must be turned on for at least several cycles of the AC drive AC period, minimizing the number of LEDs that can be multiplexed on and off in a given data sampling period.
An ATD, and method for providing an ATD, comprising a light emitter, the light emitter being mounted on an ATD member, and plural incident light detectors that receive light from the light emitter, is described. It should be appreciated that angle light detectors may be used as incident light detectors. The ATD measurement system will be described using a rib as an example of an ATD member. It should be appreciated that other components of the ATD may be measured for deformation, for example a sternum. Preferably, no mechanical connections exist between the light emitter and the plural incident light angle detectors other than through the ATD member, thus increasing the bio-fidelity of the ATD.
Data may be collected from the incident light angle detectors and may provide a measurement of ATD member deformation, wherein the measurement of the ATD deformation may be performed with the use of optical triangulation techniques. The measurement range of a pair of incident light angle detectors may be defined by an overlapping field of view. Narrow band filters may be used on the light emitter and the plural incident light angle detectors in order to increase the number of measurement points while reducing cross-talk of neighboring measurement systems. The ATD may also feature a controller for adjusting a light intensity of a plurality of light emitters. The controller may multiplex the plurality of light emitters as well as adjust the intensity of each emitter for the various detectors. The controller may also adjust the gain of the detectors.
During the process of collecting data, a measurement may be taken where none of the light emitters are illuminated. This measurement sample may be subtracted from other measurement samples in which the light emitters are illuminated, in order to compensate for ambient light and sensor dark current.
The ATD may also comprise a variable gain device that maintains a near full scale sensor output regardless of a light emitter position. For example, a variable gain transimpedance amplifier may be used with a constant light emitter drive level. The gain of the amplifiers may be adjusted to maximize the signal to noise ratio and prevent saturation as the light emitter moves through the measurement range.
A method of providing an ATD measurement is also discussed. The method comprises steps of providing a light emitter, the light emitter being mounted on an ATD member, the light emitter being driven at varying current levels, receiving light from the light emitter with the use of plural incident light angle detectors, collecting data from the incident light angle detectors, and providing a measurement of ATD member deflection. The method further comprises steps of calculating ATD member deflection with the use of optical triangulation techniques and preventing cross-talk of near-by measurement systems with the use of narrow band color filters.
A method of providing an ATD system is discussed. The method comprises steps of digitizing and storing, in memory, an output of at least one sensor in the ATD, and turning on, sequentially, only one of the plurality of light emitters, and controlling the light emitter brightness level to assure a sufficient light intensity at one of the sensors, while repeating the above step for each sensor and each led for a duration of a test. The method further comprises steps of downloading data samples stored in memory over a communication channel to an external computer, once the test is completed, and storing the data samples in a data file used in a calculation of ATD member deformation with the use of data visualization and analysis programs.
The foregoing and other objects, features and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the following more particular description of preferred embodiments of the invention, as illustrated in the accompanying drawings in which like reference characters refer to the same parts throughout the different views. The drawings are not necessarily to scale, emphasis instead being placed upon illustrating the principles of the invention.
A description of preferred embodiments of the invention follows.
The teachings of all patents, published applications and references cited herein are incorporated by reference in their entirety. Also incorporated by reference in its entirety is U.S. application Ser. No. 11/362,971, filed Feb. 24, 2006.
Optical triangulation techniques are used to monitor three-dimensional position data of multiple points on ATD ribs at high speeds suitable for crash test data. It comprises light emitting diodes (LEDs) placed at the desired measurement points, incident light angle detectors mounted to the thoracic spine, and a master controller placed inside the thoracic spine or a remote location.
The general arrangement of these components is shown in top and side views in
The LEDs are turned on one at a time, while two or more incident light angle detectors detect the angle of the LED with respect to the X-Y and X-Z planes. The method of monitoring motion in the X-Y plane will first be explained, and then an explanation of the measurement of LEDs located in the Z plane will follow. The coordinate systems refer to those marked in
The preferred triangulation technique described above is based on the use of a light angle detectors. The triangulation approach might also be based on distance detectors. However, the signal of distance sensors falls off with the inverse of distance squared and such measurements are more sensitive to ambient light levels. A triangulation approach might also be based on plural emitters, at the locations at sensors 5 and 6, and a sensor at each rib location. The triangulation approach, used with wide beams from the LEDs, assures that the beams are detected by the sensors and that measurements are obtained even with a large displacement and/or twisting of the ribs.
Incident light angle detectors may be made using several technologies including position sensitive diodes (PSD), charge coupled devices (CCD), or dual photodiodes, with appropriate optics. PSDs are the preferred detectors since they provide the speed and resolution which are of importance for this application. A PSD is a linear or two-dimensional array of photosensitive material, that provides an output which is a function of the center of gravity of the total light quantity distribution of an its active area. For monitoring the LED position in a single plane, a linear PSD may be used. A linear PSD has two current outputs. When an area of the PSD is illuminated, two currents will be generated. The currents are proportional to the location of the center of gravity of the light spot with respect to the center of the PSD. The position of the center of gravity of the light spot, YM, can be calculated from the two output currents by:
Where YM is the distance of the center of gravity of the light spot from the center of the PSD, L is the length of the PSD, i1 is the current from terminal 1, and i2 is the current from terminal 2.
Therefore YL, the distance from the center of the PSD to the left edge of the illuminated area on the PSD, is given by:
Likewise, the slope of the line hitting the right edge of the slit and the distance from the center of the PSD to the right edge of the illuminated area on the PSD may be given by:
Finally, the center of gravity of the light spot from the center of the PSD may be given by:
It should be appreciated that making the slit width w small assures that the rays from a LED will all be of the same intensity. It should also be appreciated that Ym is proportional to the tangent of the angle θ, and the tangent of θ is used in the triangulation calculations given in above in the discussion of
With either a slit or cylindrical lens, the configuration in
This concept can be extended to monitoring the three-dimensional position of the LED in several ways. One method of providing a three-dimensional measurement is to add a second pair of sensors aligned to measure the incident light angle with respect to the X-Z plane, as shown in
A second approach to getting three-dimensional information is to use an area-type PSD. Area PSDs have four outputs, arranged in two pairs of two. One pair provides displacement data for the Y axis, and the second pair provides data for the Z axis. Instead of a slit or cylindrical lens used in the 2-dimensional case, a pinhole or round lens is used.
The range of measurement for this system, for either the two-dimensional or the three-dimensional case, depends on the field of view of each of the incident light angle sensors. When a pair of sensors is used, the measurement range is defined as where the fields of view of the two sensors overlap.
The trigger circuit 69 may provide an external signal used to mark the beginning of the event, or "Time-Zero" in industry terms. When the system is armed by the user via external command, it begins collecting data to a circular buffer in memory. When a Time-Zero signal is received it marks the current location in memory, and continues to record data for the remainder of the pre-defined test time. When the data is downloaded and processed by the external computer, each data sample is time stamped relative to Time-Zero. This allows the data to be compared with data from other measurement systems.
The microprocessor 61 can turn on one of the 12 LEDs 63 a-1 at a time, and set the amount of current flowing through the LED by means of the LED current drive circuit 64. This allows the microprocessor to adjust a LED brightness so that either the left or right sensor receives sufficient light intensity for a near full scale output on the largest of the two outputs from a sensor.
Referring to
The combination of the ability to adjust the current drive of each LED, and hence its brightness along with the capability of the analog switches to prevent amplifier saturation, allows near full scale readings from each sensor for each LED, independent of the position or angular orientation of the LED. By maximizing the outputs of the sensors, the signal to noise ratio or the measurement is maximized, yielding maximum accuracy of the LED position calculations.
The microprocessor can also read the outputs of the sensors when none of the LED s are turned on, this is the "no-light" case. During the "no-light" case the sensor outputs measure the ambient light and the dark current of the PSD sensor itself. These readings can be stored and later subtracted from readings taken when a LED is turned on to eliminate the effects of ambient light and the sensor dark current.
For crash testing applications, data is typically acquired for each LED 10,000 times per second, or 100 microseconds sample period. If 12 LED positions are to be monitored, each LED will be turned on once for each sensor. Each sensor will also be read once each sample period with no LEDs turned on to measure the ambient light. Therefore, we divide each 100 microsecond sample period into 26 even increments ((12 LEDs+1 "no-light")�2 sensors=26). Thus, for a 100 microsecond sample period, each LED will be turned on once for 3.8 microseconds at a current level appropriate for the left sensor, and turned on again for 3.8 microseconds at a current level appropriate for the right sensor.
LED brightness is almost directly proportional to the LED current. LED brightness specifications and maximum current drive levels are given for continuous operation. By only turning on the LEDs for 3.8 microseconds out of every 50 microseconds, they are operating at a 7.6% duty cycle. This allows the LEDs to be driven at over 5 times the rated current levels, yielding a maximum brightness over 5 times rated brightness.
The microprocessor 61 and its firmware control the recording process. An operational example of the microprocessor 61 for a system comprising 12 LEDs [N=(12 LEDs+1 "no-light")�2 sensors=26] is shown in
A checking step 101 is performed by the microprocessor 61 to determine if the sensor setting is correct. If data from the left sensor is to be measured, the left amplifier control 59 is set so the left amplifier switches are open and the right amplifier control 60 is set so the right amplifier switches are closed 105. Similarly, if data from the right sensor is to be measured, the left amplifier control 59 is set so the left amplifier switches are closed and the right amplifier control 60 is set so the right amplifier switches are open 103.
Next, an LED is individually turned on and a timer is started 107. If N=1 or N=14, LED 63 a is turned on at a current level calculated for it, and a timer is started. Once the LED has been turned on, the LED number N is also incremented 107. Next, the LED number N is checked to see if N has reached its maximum value, in this example 26 109. N reaches its maximum value once all of the LEDs in the system have been tested, therefore if the maximum value is reached N is set back to 1 and the sample-count number is incremented 111.
While waiting for the sensor output to stabilize the microprocessor 61 calculates the appropriate current level for the next LED to be turned on, based on that LED's last current setting and the biggest of the two sensor outputs recorded from the previous sample 113. When the timer reaches a trigger time 115, for example 3.8 microseconds, the microprocessor will trigger the A/D 65 to read and store the selected sensor outputs 117-121.
This process is repeated until all LEDs 63 a-1 have been energized and the left sensor readings recorded. Next the microprocessor will take one reading of the left sensor with no LEDs (N=13 or N=26) energized and store it in memory. This provides a measure of the ambient light. The controller then sets the left amplifier control so that the left switches are closed and the right amplifier control so that the right amplifier switches are open and repeats the above process while storing the digitized right sensor data 123-127. The process is repeated continuously until the test is completed 129-133.
After the test is completed, all of the data samples stored in memory are processed to convert raw sensor readings to LED positions in engineering units as follows: The no-light readings are subtracted from each data sample to eliminate the effects of ambient light. Next for each led, the position of the light spot on the PSD is calculated using the formulas given above for the PSDs. Calibration tables are used to convert the position of the light spot on each PSD to an angle. Calibration tables are required to accommodate the non-linearities in the optics and the signal processing path. Finally, the triangulation equations given above are use to calculate the led positions based on the angles.
During a typical vehicle crash test, 100 milliseconds of data is recorded pre-Time-Zero, and 900 milliseconds of data is recorded post-Time-Zero. The controller/DAS will have the capability to stream data over the communications channel when it is not collecting data at high speeds during a test. This data can be displayed by the external computer to verify that the LEDs are in the desired positions specified by the test requestor, the dummy ribs have not been deformed on a previous test, and they still meet the government mandated pre-test geometry, and the system is performing properly.
The discussions above have been focused on frontal impact dummies, but the same system can be used for side impact dummies as well. For side impact dummies, safety engineers have stated that they would like to record as many as 12 measurement points from each rib, or a total of 72 measurement points from the ribcage. Due to frequency response limitations of the PSD sensors, and the need to acquire data from each LED at a 10 kHz sample rate, a single system will not be able to monitor very many more than 12 LEDs. In this case multiple measurement systems can be used.
However, to prevent the light for a LED being driven by one measurement system from affecting the adjacent measurement system, narrow band color filters can be placed over the LEDs and sensors, with different color filters used for adjacent systems. For example, the top rib system may be limited to infrared light, the next rib system could use blue light, and the next could use red light, etc. This light wavelength modulation technique will allow multiple systems to be mounted near each other without any cross-talk between systems. Thus the number of measurement points may be greatly increased.
While this invention has been particularly shown and described with references to preferred embodiments thereof, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the scope of the invention encompassed by the appended claims.
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|Us Army
|Stress simulating and recording apparatus
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|Ab Volvo
|Load-sensing faceform for crash dummy instrumentation
|Feb 26, 1991
|Nov 10, 1992
|Imra America, Inc.
|Light detecting system
|Aug 3, 2001
|Jun 10, 2003
|West Virginia University
|Computer based instrumentation and sensing for physical examination training
|Feb 21, 2003
|Jan 3, 2006
|First Technology Safety Systems, Inc.
|Measurement system for ball joint of crash test dummy
|Sep 4, 2003
|Apr 15, 2008
|Avago Technologies Ecbu Ip Pte Ltd
|Method and system for optically tracking a target using a triangulation technique
|Oct 30, 2001
|May 1, 2003
|Reddi M. Mahadeva
|Optical position sensing of multiple radiating sources in a movable body
|Feb 24, 2006
|Mar 15, 2007
|Boxboro Systems Llc
|Multi-point position measuring and recording system for anthropomorphic test devices
|Title not available
|Ogata, K., et al., "Development of a Sternum Displacement Sensing System for Hybrid III Dummy," 13th International Technical Conference on Experimental Safety Vehicles,947-956 (1991).
|Procedures for Assembly, Disassembly, and Inspection (PADI) of the Hybrid III 5th Percentile Adult Female Crash Test Dummy (HIII-5F0), Alpha Version revised Jun. 2002, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA reference), Appendix B, Part 572, Subpart O.
|THOR Advanced Crash Test Dummy (50th Percentile Adult Male, Alpha Version), [online] [retrieved on Oct. 24, 2006], retrieved from: http://www-nrd.nhtsa.dot.gov/departments/nrd-51/THORAdv/THORAdv.htm.
|THOR Advanced Crash Test Dummy User's Manual of the 50th Percentile Male (Alpha Version 1.1 released Dec. 14, 2001, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration reference), Oct. 30, 2001; [online], retrieved from: http://www-nrd.nhtsa.dot.gov/departments/nrd-51/THORAdv/ThorAdv-manualNDX.html.
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|May 29, 2008
|Jan 12, 2010
|Chrysler Group Llc
|Vehicular crash test measuring system
|Mar 12, 2009
|Nov 15, 2011
|GM Global Technology Operations LLC
|Adjustable face tool for positioning a free motion headform
|Dec 26, 2011
|Sep 23, 2014
|Humanetics Innovative Solutions, Inc.
|Rib cage assembly for crash test dummy
|Dec 19, 2008
|Jun 23, 2015
|Nederlandse Organisatie Voor Toegepast-Natuurwetenschappelijk Onderzoek Tno
|Dummy for simulating human physical behaviour, method for simulating human physical behaviour
|Dec 19, 2008
|Aug 18, 2011
|Patrick Alan Forbes
|Dummy for simulating human physical behaviour, method for simulating human physical behaviour
|U.S. Classification
|356/614, 73/760, 356/624
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Jun 11, 2007
Owner name: BOXBORO SYSTEMS, LLC, MASSACHUSETTS
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:HANDMAN, DANIEL F.;REEL/FRAME:019417/0901
Effective date: 20070530
|Aug 24, 2012
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4


text:
Author has written 84 stories for Digimon, Dragon Ball Z, Total Drama series, Spider-Man, Pokémon, Power Rangers, Yu-Gi-Oh, Bleach, Yu-Gi-Oh GX, Ben 10, Avatar: Last Airbender, Beyblade, Bakugan Battle Brawlers, and Yu-Gi-Oh! ZEXAL.
started 12-9-12
favorite digimon couples
daikari and michi
I like them because they look good together and in daikari davis loves kari he will do anything for her. He would literally die for her or without her. I can't think who is better for Kari
digimon couple I hate
their relationship is more like a brother and sister thing, they have so much in common it could be boring. I have nothing against them. It's not that i don't hate them, hate them I just don't think they're a good of a couple
The name's for the children of the digidestine from adventures 1 and 2 are my ideas except Davis and Kari's. That belongs to Dakari-King Mykan. It's only because i love his stories of digimon and it's like he created the show so he knows what happened to them
In my stories were i bash takari, i'm sorry to all those takari fans i'm not trying to hurt you or make fun of you. It's nothing personal.
favorite bleach couple
I like them because it's obvious Orihime loves Ichigo and shown he cares for Orihime a lot. He's done a lot for her and there are lots of moments between them then him and some other girl.
Bleach couples I don't like
At first I thought Rukia could be Ichigo's love interest, but after watching some episodes i get this vibe from yu yu hakusho where Ichigo is Yusuke, Rukia is Botan, and Orihime is Keiko. That and those two argue a lot.
Ulqulihime (or however that's spelled)
I just don't see it. I don't get why people think that one at all. The only moment i can think of between those two was right when Ulquiorra died and even after that Orihime still loved Ichigo. Also those two seem like opposites. What do they even have in common?
Attention Everyone
This is the start of the Anti Flame War. Keeper of Worlds got a message from a guy named Bugerking Michael Mikulak who set up a fake profile to try and destroy Dakari King Mykan. Well it's time to put an end to all the flaming. You want to do something PM me or the following.
Kight of loyalty
Bugerking Michael Mikulak
For more details go to Keeper of worlds profile


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Statutes (Baldock and Lisieux): Pars septima, cap. 1-12
Registrum Statutorum et Consuetudinum Ecclesiae Cathedralis Sancti Pauli Londiniensis
Statutes (Baldock and Lisieux) Pars septima, cap. 1-12 PARS SEPTIMA. Cap. 1. Carta Edwardi Regis III. Edwardus Dei Gracia Rex Anglie, Dominus Hibernie, et Dux Aquitanie, Archiepiscopis, Episcopis, Abbatibus, Prioribus,
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Hospitals: St Mary Magdalene, Clothall
A History of the County of Hertford: Volume 4
MAGDALENE, CLOTHALL The leper hospital of St. Mary Magdalene, Baldock ... gave the brothers leave to have a fair at their hospital outside Baldock ... on 26 April 1275 obtained licence from the...
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Parishes: Bygrave
A History of the County of Hertford: Volume 3
town of Baldock. On the north and east the boundary is formed by a road ... with Baldock in 1901, 1 but Bygrave is still a distinct civil parish. This parish ... a market town in competition with Baldock...
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Close Rolls, Edward I: April 1285
Calendar of Close Rolls, Edward I: Volume 2, 1279-1288
John thereof without the king's licence. April 15. Baldock ... in that county, because Amice had married Miles without the king's licence. April ... himself before O. bishop of...
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Hospitals: St Mary without Bishopsgate
A History of the County of London: Volume 1, London Within the Bars, Westminster and Southwark
Ste. Mère l'Eglise, bishop of London, 1199–1221, to the honour of God ... acknowledged themselves subject to the bishop of London, and promised ... in Stepney by John, bishop of London, who gave...
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Houses of Austin canons: Priory of Little Leighs
A History of the County of Essex: Volume 2
licences to acquire land in mortmain are recorded on the Patent Rolls; and in 1381 the convent had licence to enclose 100 acres in Little Leighs and make this into a park. 7 Bishop Baldock...
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Alien Houses: Hermits and Anchorites of London
A History of the County of London: Volume 1, London Within the Bars, Westminster and Southwark
who had to obtain the licence of the bishop to become recluses and whose cells ... The licence of the bishop of London to Beatrice de Meaus in 1307 to live ... by Cripplegate,...
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Survey of London Monograph 2, Saint Mary, Stratford Bow
W. R. 7 Licence of Bishop Baldock 11, 12 Limehouse 13 Limestone 18 ... 14 Baldock, Bishop 11 Balfour, Maxwell 3 Ballinger, William 42 Bangs, ... " Bishop...
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Houses of Austin canons: Royston priory
A History of the County of Hertford: Volume 4
all the circumstances. It is evident that Bishop Baldock considered the prior ... in the end is not known. Bishop Baldock died shortly afterwards, and Hakoun ... 53, no. 4. Reg....
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Parishes: Norton
A History of the County of Hertford: Volume 2
of Cashio belonged. 1 Part of the parish was annexed to Baldock in 1880. ... and one pound of cummin in Norton by Baldock, 14 which he continued to hold ... of Norton. 23 In the following month Sir Richard...
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September 28, 2011
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All Comments (9)
very hot girl need very hard fuck
nice girl
Nice girl! She looks like a great fuck! I'd like a share of that!
Wow she looks like fun.
wow?wat a nice
As weird as this sounds I want to know the name of the song at the beginning of this video lol