text:
Type: Posts; User: tucas
I'd do LeBron with Klay, Marc, Jimmy and Kyle.
Yeah you're probably right. He'll probably go undrafted anyways.
Trying to talk people out of him?
I'd prefer to keep it the same. It's been set for so long, I wouldn't want to change it now.
Well coach signed up this morning, which means Klay Thompson will be in the Free Agency pool.
See above^^
Anyone who isn't on your roster now that was there at the end of last season is in the FA pool. Offseason additions will be done tomorrow or Friday.
Yep I'm dropping everyone who isn't on your roster and then adding the new ones. So Dragic and Grant would likely be in the free agents list(I haven't completely finished the drops) but they should...
Someone's going to drop 200 on Klay for sure this year.
Haven't checked in a couple days but I think Axel and I have to be reinstated as co-commissioners. I can help sort out the rosters tomorrow if you make me a co-commish by then.
I think we should put a deadline to register. Or at the very least, if not registered by the 1st give a replacement time to do resignings. It's unfair for a new owner to lose out on Klay or someone...
I thought we've been allowed to swap keepers in the offseason?
If anyone wants to swap a keeper, I'd be down for trading Aldridge for a wing or legit C.
I'll be keeping Harden, Aldridge, Teague and Bosh.
A sign and trade would use up one of your resignings, not the team receiving the resigned player.
Everyone is going to have a different budget after FA. Doesn't make much sense to set it before then.
I doubt anyone would go all the way to 200 in an auction. Every year has its whitesides mid-season
I'm in.
Lou Will, Dirk and Tyson Chandler headed to the FA pool.
Roy Hibbert - 2 years.
2nd highest recorded TRB% ever.
Also Joey, your mailbox is full.
Preferably for a big man.
Looking to trade either Teague or Ellis
Should be good now.


text:
You can check out Tom's entire interview over at Collider.com
When Benedict Cumberbatch dropped out, Guillermo sent the script to you and he said that you turned around almost immediately and accepted, I think he said within 72 hours.
HIDDLESTON: Yeah.
Was it based on him, or was it based on the script, or was it based on – What was it that made you say, 'This is definitely a part worth taking'?
HIDDLESTON: Well, it happened very quickly. He called me, my agents called and said, 'Guillermo Del Toro is going to call you in the next hour' and he called me and told me the story and he said, 'Don't say yes, or no. But I'm gonna rewrite the script this weekend or tonight or tomorrow, and I'm gonna send you a new draft' and like an hour later Jessica [Chastain] called me and said, 'You have to do it' [Laughs] 'I want you to do it, and Guillermo wants you to do it' and I was really excited I couldn't wait to read the script. Then, it must have been like a day later, I got it and I read it immediately in one sitting and he had rewritten the role, so I got sort of my own draft, he had rewritten the part for me in a way. It's just brilliant, it just is a brilliant screenplay, and I wanted to work with him, I knew that Jessica, and Mia [Wasikowska], and Charlie [Hunnam] were locked in and on board; and I love Mia and I know Jessica from before and I wanted to work with Charlie so there was just no possible way I was going to say 'no'. Working with Guillermo who I've admired for so long, and the script itself was just brilliant, the screenplay was captivating and rich and sophisticated and terrifying; and the role was amazing, and different than anything else I'd done, It was a very, very quick 'yes' after that.
Guillermo showed us some stills from the film and we saw the color scheme that Mario Bava, Hammer Films, bright Technicolor color scheme. Does that sort of aesthetic play into the performance as well, is there some level of bigness to it or are you guys playing smaller in that brighter, colorful space?
HIDDLESTON: Yeah, I didn't think about the color too much in my approach, even though Kate Hawley's sort of mood boards, the costume designer, she put together these extraordinary mood boards which covered her entire office with different headlines so it would be these massive posters of imitism, for Sharpe it might be Caspar David Friedrich's painting Wanderer above the Sea of Fog, or depictions of Byron, or old kind of early, early prints of these long-haired Victorian engineers standing on hill tops, which seem like a cliché but it's true. And then stuff about the mines, so all these pictures of boys who'd just crawled out the mines or people being washed after they've been down the mines for weeks; all those mood boards are plastered around the side of my trailer because the images themselves are so inspiring. Just the way people look, the way people dress, the way people carry themselves, the way people sat and stood, faces and haircuts. I did a lot of that just thinking about the visual sort of thing, but not necessarily color even though I knew that there's this very dark midnight blue or something that we always have for the Sharpes, that Lucille and Thomas should have black hair.
We wanted Thomas to look like this Byronic hero, to be the tall, dark stranger in the new world, Charlie Hunnam is blonde and Mia is blonde and these two dark strangers from the north of England come along and they're sophisticated and old and European and they should bring with them the era of gothic romance. I read some stuff, Guillermo pointed me towards The Mysteries of Udolpho which is this sort of early gothic romantic classic by Ann Radcliff, and The Castle of Otranto by Horace Walpole, we talked about Rochester in Jane Eyre, even Mr. Darcy in Pride and Prejudice; these figures, these wealthy gentlemen with big houses who possibly become emblems of English privilege that everyone's talking about. Who is that man in the corner with the dark hair and the intense stare? The interest of that mystery, that there are gentlemen with dark secrets was something that was very compelling at the time.
Check out the first official still of Charlie as Dr. Alan McMichael in the upcoming horror film from Guillermo del Toro. Crimson Peak hits theaters October 16th!
In case you missed it, you can watch the recently released international trailer here!
Congratulations to Charlie on his nomination! Be sure to tune in to the A&E Network on Sunday, May 31st (at 8:00pm ET/5:00pm PT) to see if Charlie wins!
• Aden Young – Rectify (Sundance)
• Bob Odenkirk – Better Call Saul (AMC)
• Charlie Hunnam – Sons of Anarchy (FX)
• Freddie Highmore – Bates Motel (A&E)
• Matthew Rhys – The Americans (FX)
• Timothy Olyphant – Justified (FX)
Charlie and co-star Astrid Berges-Frisbey were again spotted filming a scene for the upcoming film Knights of the Roundtable: King Arthur in Wales, United Kingdom on April 18th.
Charlie seen on the set of Knights of the Roundtable: King Arthur in Wales, United Kingdom on April 17th.
Charlie was spotted on the set of Knights of the Roundtable: King Arthur in Wales, United Kingdom on April 16th alongside co-stars Astrid Bergès-Frisbey and Djimon Hounsou.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
|Número de publicación
|Tipo de publicación
|Número de solicitud
|Fecha de publicación
|8 Abr 1986
|Fecha de presentación
|29 Feb 1984
|Fecha de prioridad
|7 Mar 1983
|También publicado como
|Número de publicación
|Albert C. Francis, Raymond D. Lacey, Michael Woodrow
|Cesionario original
|Advel Limited
|Exportar cita
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Citas de patentes (5), Citada por (82), Clasificaciones (13), Eventos legales (6)
|Enlaces externos: USPTO, Cesión de USPTO, Espacenet
This invention relates to a blind rivet assembly. More particularly it relates to a blind rivet assembly of the so-called "self-plugging" type, which comprises a tubular shell and a stem, and in which part of the stem remains in the shell of the installed rivet to plug the tubular shell. A blind rivet is one which can be set without access to the remote or blind side of the workpieces.
Rivets of this general kind are well known and have been made in a variety of different forms in order to meet various specific requirements.
The present invention provides blind rivet assembly comprising a tubular shell and a stem;
the shell having an elongate shank, a head at one end, and a bore throughout the head and shank;
the shell bore having a radially enlarged counterbore at its head end and an annular locking shoulder facing towards the head end at the junction of the counterbore and the remainder of the bore;
the shell shank being weakened over a zone which extends longitudinally of the shank from a position spaced from the tail end (i.e. the end thereof remote from the head) of the shank towards the head end;
the stem extending through the bore of the shell and having an elongate pulling portion which projects from the head end of the shell, and an elongate plugging portion connected to the pulling portion by a breakneck and disposed substantially with the shell shank bore;
the plugging portion being formed with a radially enlarged stem head at the end thereof remote from the breakneck, and disposed beyond the tail end of the shank;
whereby, when the assemby is inserted through aligned apertures in workpieces to be thereby riveted together so that at least part of the shell shank weekened zone projects beyond the workpieces on the blind side thereof, and the pulling portion of the stem is pulled with increasing tension with respect to the shell;
firstly compression exerted by the stem head on the shell shank tail end causes radial enlargement of at least part of the weakened zone of the shell shank to form a blind head, whilst the plugging portion moves through the shell bore towards the head end thereof;
and thereafter the shell shank tail end deforms to allow the entry of the stem head thereinto;
thereafter the part of the plugging portion adjacent to breakneck being deformable into locking engagement with the annular locking shoulder of the shell counterbore, and the stem being fracturable at the breakneck to leave the plugging portion plugging the shell bore.
Other preferred features of the invention will become apparent from the appended claims. An embodiment of the invention will now be described, by way of example, and with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
FIGS. 1 and 2 are, respectively a sectional elevation of the shell, and a side elevation of the stem, for a blind rivet, prior to assembly together;
FIG. 3 is a section on the line 3--3 of FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a sectional elevation showing the blind rivet assembly positioned and ready to be set in workpieces to be riveted, and showing part of a riveting tool for setting the blind rivet;
FIGS. 5, 6 and 7 are sectional elevations showing successive stages in the setting of the blind rivet; and
FIG. 8 corresponds to FIG. 7 but shows a similar rivet used to rivet together workpieces of a greater total thickness.
The self-plugging blind rivet assembly 10 (FIG. 4) consists of two parts, namely, a tubular rivet shell 11 and a stem 12, which are assembled together.
The rivet shell is made of aluminium alloy and has an elongate shank 13 and a radially enlarged head 14 formed integrally with the shank at one end (the head end) of the shell. The shell has a bore 15 throughout its length, the diameter of the bore being increased at the head end by a head counterbore 16. Except for this, the bore 15 is of uniform diameter (subject to manufacturing tolerances) throughout its length.
The head counterbore 16 is shorter than the thickness of the head and provides a locking shoulder 17 at the junction between the bore 15 and counterbore 16. The locking shoulder face towards the head end of the shell. The tail end of the shell has a flat face 18 perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the shell.
The shell shank is weakened over a zone 19 which extends from a position 21 spaced away from the tail end face 18 and extending along the shell shank nearly to the head 14. The weakened zone comprises three longitudinal slits 22 spaced equiangularly around the shank. The slits are made as narrow as practicable in the circumferential sense, and define between adjacent ones of them three longitudinal struts 23 which are separated from each other by the slits and which, when the shank is subjected to axial compression, will bend outwardly, as will become apparent.
The tail-end portion 24 of the shell, between the end 21 of the weakened zone and the tail end face 18 of the shank, is of course stronger then the weakened zone.
The underside of the head 14 which faces towards the tail end of the body is undercut to leave a circumferential sealing lip 25 surrounding a flat face 26 which receives a resilient sealing washer 27 (FIG. 4) which assists the formation of a seal between the shell head and a workpiece in which the rivet is installed.
The stem 12 is also made of aluminium alloy. The stem comprises a plugging portion 31 which, after setting of the rivet, serves to plug the bore of the body, and an elongated pulling portion 32 which is joined to the plugging portion 31 by a breakneck. The pulling portion is of less external diameter than the plugging portion, and will pass through the shell bore 15 without interference.
The breakneck is the weakest part along the length of the stem so that, when the stem is subjected to progressively increasing tension, it will break at the breakneck rather than elsewhere. The plugging portion 31 is of uniform external diameter throughout its length (subject to manufacturing tolerances) and is an interference fit in the bore 15 of the tubular shell 11, and is appreciably shorter in length than the shell shank 13.
To enable the plugging portion 31 to be locked to the shell 11 during setting of the rivet, the part of the plugging portion adjacent the breakneck is formed with a cylindrical cleavage 34 (see FIG. 4) which extends into the plugging portion plug in the longitudinal direction away from the breakneck. The cleavage has a diameter the same as, or minutely greater than, that of the pulling portion 32, and differentiates the part of the plugging portion adjacent to the breakneck into a central cylindrical core 35 of substantially the same diameter as the pulling portion 32, and a skirt 36 which peripherally surrounds the core 35, the skirt being integrally joined with the remainder of the plugging portion in the region further from the breakneck than the cleavage extends. The skirt presents an annular face or step 37 which faces towards the pulling portion 32. The skirt is deformable, by means of a suitable riveting tool, to form an outwardly directed flange capable of abutting the locking shoulder 17 in the body, and thus provides locking means for locking the plugging portion in the shell of the rivet. An enlarged annular bead 33 at the breakneck has tapered sides and a diameter larger than that of the cleavage 34 but smaller than that of the skirt.
The plugging portion 31 is formed with a radially enlarged head 38 at the end remote from the breakneck. This head has an underhead surface 39 having an extreme diameter slightly less than that of the shell shank end face 18. In this example the underhead face 39 is not absolutely flat but is in the form of a very shallow convex cone, having an included angle of about 170 degress (an absolutely flat face would have an included angle of 180 degrees). The outer edge 40 of the underhead surface 39 is a sharp edge, and the peripheral face 41 of the head 38 is cylindrical i.e. of uniform diameter throughout its length.
The shell and stem are assembled by inserting the pulling portion 32 of the stem into the tail end of the shell and passing it along the bore until the plugging portion 31 meets the tail end of the shell. Sufficient force is then exerted to drive the pulling portion into the bore, in which it is an interference fit. It may be desirable to support the exterior of the shell in a die or other form of peripheral clamp, to prevent radical expansion of the shell as the plugging portion is driven in. The stem is thus forced into the shell until the underface 39 of the stem head 38 contacts the end face 18 of the shell. The stem and shell are thus assembled, i.e. in the condition illustrated in FIG. 4. The breakneck lies about one third of the way along the weakened zone 19. The pulling portion 32 of the stem projects from the head end of the shell.
The interference between the plugging portion 31 and the interior of the shell shank 13 maintains the parts of the rivet in an assembled condition ready for use.
The use of the assembled rivet 10 to fasten together apertured workpiece members will now be described.
An apertured panel member 42 (which may be of a soft or easily fractured material such as glass fibre reinforced plastics material) may be fastened to another apertured member 43 (which may, for example, be a metallic support member for the panel), by bringing the members together with their apertures 44 in register and inserting the shell shank through the apertures until the sealing washer 27 under the head 14 abuts the face 45 of the member nearer the operator, and the tail-end portion 24 and at least a portion of the weakened zone of the shell shank projects beyond the back or blind face 46 of the workpieces. The diameter of the apertures 44 in the panels is of course made very slightly larger than the external diameter of the shell shank.
The rivet can be set by means of a rivet setting tool of a known kind sold under the Registered Trade Mark "AVDEL" and comprising means (not shown) for gripping and pulling the pulling portion 32 of the stem which projects from the head of the rivet shell. As illustrated in FIGS. 4, 5 and 6, the tool has annular anvil 47 for abutting the head of the shell and a projecting rim 48 for deforming the locking skirt. The tool is offered up to the rivet so that the pulling portion 32 passes through the anvil 47 into engagement with the gripping and pulling means, and the anvil abuts the shell head 14. The tool is then operated to pull the stem axially relative to the rivet shell, in a direction to draw the plugging portion 31 towards the head 14 of the shell with a progressively increasing force.
Due to the abutment between the face 39 of the stem head 41 and the end face 18 of the shell tail, axial compression is exerted on the shell. Since the weakest portion of the shell is the weakened zone, it is the weakened zone which deforms first. The shell shank tail portion 24 begins to move with the stem towards the shell head 14, accompanied by an outward bending of the three struts 23 at a position generally half-way between the blind face 46 of the panel 42 which constrains the portions of the struts within it against radial expansion and the tail portion 24 of the shell body (see FIG. 5). The plugging portion 31 moves through the outwardly expanded struts and into the part of the shank which extends within the thickness of the workpiece members 42 and 43, slightly expanding the shank radially. This movement of the shell tail portion 31 with the stem continues until the three struts are bent and forced firmly into abutment with the blind face 46, as shown in FIG. 6, so as to constitute a blind head 49 of greater transverse dimension than the apertures of the workpiece.
At this stage, the force required to move the shell tail portion 24 nearer to the head 14 increases abruptly, to the extent that, by applying sufficient force, the stem head 41 causes the tail end part 24 of the shell to deform outwardly, so that the head 41 enters into the tail end part 24 of the shell.
Continued pulling of the mandrel by the tool eventually brings the plugging portion into engagement with the projecting annular rim 48 which projects forwardly of the anvil into the shell head counterbore 16. The rim has an inclined front which, as the plugging portion is drawn towards it, is guided by the bead 33 to engage the skirt annular face 37 and enters the cleavage 34, so as to progressively deforms the locking skirt 36 radially outwardly, away from the central core 35 of the plugging portion. It thereby forms a radially enlarged locking flange 51 (FIG. 7) which abuts at least the inner peripheral edge of the locking shoulder 17, thereby constituting an obstacle to withdrawal of the plugging portion from the body. Once the skirt is fully deformed, the force required to pull the stem further increases abruptly, because of the engagement with the anvil rim 48. On applying sufficient further force, therefore, the breakneck fractures, leaving the plugging portion 31 locked in the body, while the pulling portion 32 becomes detached and can be discarded, as shown in FIG. 7. The fracture face 52 of the plugging portion is about level with, or just inside, the face of the shell head.
The residual tension on the stem clamps the panels 42, 43 together. On the blind face 46 this clamping is transmitted through the blind rivet head 49, which is of substantial radial extent. On the front face 45 the clamping is exerted through the shell head sealing washer 27. It may be that if the residual tension is sufficient, the sealing washer is compressed sufficiently that the rim 25 contracts the face 45 of the panel.
The washer 27 seals the shell head 14 to the front face 45 of the panel, around the aperture 44. The interference fit of the plugging portion 31 in the part of the shell shank within the panels seals the plugging portion to the shell. There is no need for the stem head 41 to seal within the shell tail portion 24 (provided it is mechanically locked therein), because the interior of the shell shank bore is open to the outside space through the slots 22.
In FIGS. 4, 5, 6 and 7, the example rivet assembly is illustrated being used to fasten together two sheets 42, 43 of a total thickness (or "grip", as the total workpiece thickness is known in the art of blind riveting) which is about the minimum value for which the example rivet assembly can be used. One of the advantages of the rivet illustrated in FIG. 4 is that it has a relatively wide grip range, and FIG. 8 illustrates the use of a similar rivet to fasten together sheets having a grip the maximum value for which this rivet will work successfully. FIG. 8 illustrates the fully installed condition of the rivet assembly, and comparison with FIG. 7 shows that, since a much shorter length of the struts 32 produces from the blind panel face, a radially smaller blind head 49 results. Also the shell shank contracts axially by a much smaller amount due to the shorter folded length of the struts. Since the plugging portion has still been pulled through the shell bore until the locking skirt lies in the shell head conterbore 16, the stem head 41 has necessarily been pulled into the shell bore by a much greater distance than in the minimum grip condition illustrated in FIG. 7.
The maximum grip is determined in practice by the limitations that in the fully installed condition, the stem head 44 cannot enter into the space within the panels, and that the blind head 49 must be large enough to secure the rear panel.
When the stem 41 is pulled into the rivet shell, it is found that, depending on the precise circumstances of each particular placing operation, the sharp leading edge of the head may cut a ring of material from the shell tail portion 24 (most probably from adjacent the tail end face 18 of the shell).
The means by which, in the foregoing embodiment, the formation of a blind head is achieved during setting of the rivet, and by which the plugging portion is enabled to become disengaged from the tail-end portion of the rivet shell may also be modified slightly, as is mentioned below. A number of suitable solutions have been proposed in the past in connection with pull-to-set self-plugging blind rivets. However, it is believed that the solution to this problem described in the foregoing example offers advantages in that, on the one hand it facilitates good control over the different forces required at different stages of the setting operation, and at the same time enables a single size of rivet to be versatile in the range of thickness of workpiece (i.e. "grip range") which can be accommodated. It also makes manufacture of the stem and shell simple, since as described the plugging portion has an uniform external diameter throughout its length (apart from the head), and the shell bore also has a uniform diameter throughout its length (apart from the head end counterbore). Furthermore assembly of the stem and shell is simple, merely requiring the forcing of one into the other.
The invention is not restricted to the details of the foregoing example. For instance the form of the shell may be modified in various ways. In particular, instead of having three struts 22 there could be only two, or a greater number, for example six, made by appropriately varying the number of slits. Furthermore, the material of the shank could be punched out to form slots. Alternatively, the shank could merely be formed with longitudinal shear lines or grooves so as to provide longitudinal weakening of the collapsible part of the shank such as to enable it, on being compressed axially, to split into a plurality of longitudinal struts which can be bent or bowed outwardly until doubled and thereby form a radially enlargeg blind head.
The sealing washer 47 may be omitted from beneath the shell head.
As previously mentioned, the precise form of the stem head 38 may be modified. The conical angle of the underhead face 39 may be greater, up to and including the case where the face is flat. Alternatively it may be somewhat less than the 170 degrees. Similarly, the peripheral face 41 of the stem head may not be cylindrical, but could taper outwardly from its leading edge 40. Such taper would be slight, having an included angle in the range from 0 degrees to about 5 degrees. Variation of the precise shape of underhead face 39 is believed to alter the value of pulling tension at which the stem head initially enters the shell tail, and variation of the precise shape of the stem head peripheral face 41 is believed to alter the tension thereafter required to pull the stem head into the shell tail.
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|Clasificación de EE.UU.
|411/38, 411/70, 411/43
|Clasificación internacional
|Clasificación cooperativa
|Clasificación europea
|9 Ene 1985
Owner name: AVDEL LIMITED, MUNDELLS, WELWYN GARDEN CITY, HERTF
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNORS:FRANCIS, ALBERT C.;LACEY, RAYMOND D.;WOODROW, MICHAEL;REEL/FRAME:004493/0860
Effective date: 19840220
|15 Jul 1986
|Certificate of correction
|4 Nov 1988
Owner name: AVDEL SYSTEMS LIMITED, ENGLAND
Free format text: CHANGE OF NAME;ASSIGNOR:AVDEL LIMITED;REEL/FRAME:004998/0961
Effective date: 19880608
|17 Ago 1989
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|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Jun 21, 2011
|Filing date
|Dec 31, 2007
|Priority date
|Dec 31, 2007
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Eric Seymour, Jack A. Gilmore
|Original Assignee
|Advanced Energy Industries, Inc.
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (65), Non-Patent Citations (25), Referenced by (4), Classifications (11), Legal Events (3)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This invention relates generally to apparatus and methods for converting solar energy to electrical energy, and more specifically to apparatus and methods for more efficient conversion of solar energy to electrical energy.
The transformation of light energy into electrical energy using photovoltaic (PV) systems has been known for a long time and these photovoltaic systems are increasingly being implemented in residential, commercial, and industrial applications. Although developments and improvements have been made to these photovoltaic systems over the last few years to improve their efficiency, the efficiency of the photovoltaic systems is still a focal point for continuing to improve the economic viability of photovoltaic systems.
Photovoltaic systems typically include, among other components, a photovoltaic array that generates DC power and an inverter that converts the DC power to AC power (e.g., single or three phase power). It is often desirable to design and operate photovoltaic arrays so that the voltage that is output is relatively high, and hence current is low, in order to reduce costs associated with high-current elements and to reduce energy losses.
Photovoltaic arrays that include crystalline (e.g., monocrystalline or polycrystalline) silicon, for example, may operate in an open load state at 1200 Volts and amorphous silicon may operate in an open load state at 1400 Volts. Although arrays are capable of applying high open loaded voltages, arrays rarely do so because once power is drawn from the arrays, the loaded voltage of the array drops substantially. For example, under loaded conditions, crystalline silicon arrays may operate at between 780 to 960 volts and amorphous silicon may operate around 680 Volts.
Inverters are available in a variety of voltage ratings to accommodate the infrequently encountered unloaded voltage conditions of the array. But inverters that are rated for higher voltages typically cost more and operate less efficiently than inverters that are designed to operate at lower voltages. And as a consequence, inverters are often designed with silicon that is less efficient and costlier than silicon that could be used if the inverter did not have to be designed to handle high, open load voltages.
For example, inverters incorporating silicon rated for voltages around 1400 Volts incur substantially more losses, and cost substantially more than inverters that utilize silicon that is rated for 1200 Volt applications. Accordingly, a system and method are needed to address the shortfalls of present technology and to provide other new and innovative features.
Exemplary embodiments of the present invention that are shown in the drawings are summarized below. These and other embodiments are more fully described in the Detailed Description section. It is to be understood, however, that there is no intention to limit the invention to the forms described in this Summary of the Invention or in the Detailed Description. One skilled in the art can recognize that there are numerous modifications, equivalents and alternative constructions that fall within the spirit and scope of the invention as expressed in the claims.
In one embodiment, the invention may be characterized as a photovoltaic system including a first and second inputs adapted to couple to a first and second rails of a photovoltaic array. In this embodiment, an inverter is configured to convert DC power from the photovoltaic array to AC power, and an interface portion, which is coupled to the first and second inputs and the inverter, is configured to isolate at least one of the first and second inputs from the inverter and to modulate an application of a voltage from the photovoltaic array to the inverter so as to increase a load on the photovoltaic array and to reduce the voltage applied from the photovoltaic array to the inverter.
In another embodiment the invention may be characterized as a method for interfacing a photovoltaic array with an inverter. The invention in this embodiment includes electrically isolating the photovoltaic array from the inverter, applying an initial voltage at an output of a photovoltaic array, modulating a load placed on the photovoltaic array so as to provide a reduced voltage at the output of the photovoltaic array, and utilizing the reduced voltage to apply power to the inverter.
In yet another embodiment, the invention may be characterized as a photovoltaic interface including two inputs capable of coupling to a photovoltaic array, the inputs configured to receive an initial voltage applied by the photovoltaic array. In addition, the interface in this embodiment includes two outputs capable of coupling to an inverter, the outputs configured to apply an operating voltage to the inverter. And a switching segment in this embodiment is configured to gradually place a load across the two inputs so as to reduce the initial voltage applied by the photovoltaic array to the operating voltage of the inverter.
As previously stated, the above-described embodiments and implementations are for illustration purposes only. Numerous other embodiments, implementations, and details of the invention are easily recognized by those of skill in the art from the following descriptions and claims.
Various objects and advantages and a more complete understanding of the present invention are apparent and more readily appreciated by reference to the following Detailed Description and to the appended claims when taken in conjunction with the accompanying Drawings wherein:
Referring now to the drawings, where like or similar elements are designated with identical reference numerals throughout the several views, and referring in particular to
In general, the photovoltaic array 102 converts solar energy to DC electrical power, which is converted to AC power (e.g., three-phase power) by the inverter 108. And the PV interface 204 generally operates to enable the inverter 108, which is designed to operate at lower voltages, to be utilized in connection with the PV array 102 that operates at least a portion of the time (e.g., while unloaded) at a voltage that exceeds the designed operating voltage of the inverter 108.
In many embodiments, the PV interface 104 is a low duty factor device, which operates only briefly during startup and/or shut down, to gradually connect or disconnect the PV array 102 to the inverter 108. In some embodiments for example, the PV interface 104 operates for one, or just a few, second(s) during startup and/or shut down. In some implementations for example, the duty cycle of a switching segment in the interface is pulse width modulated from a low to a high duty cycle (e.g., from 10% to 100%) to gradually load the PV array 102, and as a consequence, reduce a voltage of the array 102 from an initial voltage (e.g., unloaded voltage) to a lower voltage (e.g., approximately an optimal voltage of the inverter 108).
Once the PV array 102 is loaded, and the voltage of the PV array is reduced from its initial voltage, the interface 104 couples the PV array 102 to the inverter 108 and the switching segment of the interface 104 is removed from operation. As a consequence, in many embodiments, the inverter 108 is not exposed to the potentially damaging open load voltages of the PV array 102, and during steady state operation (e.g., after the voltage of the PV array 102 is reduced), the effect of the switching segment of the interface 104 upon the efficiency of the system 100 is insubstantial. In several embodiments, however, the efficiency of the system 100 is substantially improved relative to the prior art because the inverter 108 is realized by silicon that is designed to operate at voltages that are lower than the initial (e.g., unloaded voltage) of the PV array 102.
As discussed further herein, in some embodiments the photovoltaic array 102 is a bipolar array, and in many of these embodiments, at least a portion of the array 102 is disposed so as to operate at a positive voltage with respect to ground while another portion of the array 102 operates below ground. But this is certainly not required, and in other embodiments the photovoltaic array 102 is a monopolar array, which in some variations operates at voltages substantially higher than ground or lower than ground.
In some embodiments, the cells in the array 102 include crystalline (e.g., monocrystalline or polycrystalline) silicon that operates in an open load state at 1200 Volts and operates in a loaded state between 780 and 960 Volts. And in other embodiments the array includes cells comprising amorphous silicon that operates in an open load state at 1400 Volts and a loaded state around 900 Volts. One of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate, however, that the photovoltaic array 102 may include a variety of different type photovoltaic cells that are disposed in a variety of different configurations. For example, the photovoltaic cells may be arranged in parallel, in series or a combination thereof.
As discussed further herein, several embodiments of the interface 104 beneficially enable low cost and efficient inverters to be utilized in connection with efficient, high voltage PV arrays. For example, instead of utilizing 1400 Volt silicon (e.g., in IGBTs of the inverter 108) to accommodate 1400 Volt open-load PV voltages, in some embodiments 1200 Volt silicon is implemented in the inverter 108, which is roughly half the cost of 1400V silicon and is much more efficient.
Referring next to
As shown, the shunt switch 206 is disposed across the positive and negative rails of the array 202 and is coupled to a control segment 210 of the interface 204 by an input lead 212. In addition, a diode 214 is arranged in series, along a positive rail of the system 200, with a contactor 216, which is coupled to the control segment 210 by a control lead 218. Although not depicted, the negative rail of the interface in many implementations also includes a DC contactor to disconnect and connect the negative output of the array 202 to the inverter 208.
In many embodiments, the switch 206 is an insulated-gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) disposed so that a collector-emitter current path of the IGBT is coupled between the positive and negative rails of the interface 204, and the gate of the switch 206 is coupled to the control lead 212. In other embodiments, however, the switch 206 is implemented by other switching technologies without departing from the scope of the claimed invention.
In some embodiments, the control segment 210 is realized by a processor that is configured to execute instructions stored in a memory, but this is not required, and in other embodiments the control segment 210 is realized by hardware. It is also contemplated that the control segment 210 in yet other embodiments is implemented by a combination of hardware and software. It should also be recognized that the depiction of the control segment 210 is merely logical and that the interface 204 may be controlled by control components that are distributed within and/or outside of the interface 204.
In some embodiments the interface 204 is utilized during start-up to bring the inverter 208 online with the array 202 while the array 202 is generating an initial voltage that is potentially damaging to the inverter 208. And in other embodiments, the interface 204 is employed during shut down to remove the inverter 208 from the array while the array 202 is still applying a substantial voltage across the rails of the system 200. And in yet other embodiments, the interface 204 is used both during start-up and shut down.
During an exemplary start-up process, the capacitor 215 is charged to approximately an operating voltage (e.g., approximately 900 Volts) of the inverter 208 (e.g., using soft start switch gear not shown or the PV array 202), and the inverter 208 is turned on with the contactor 216 open. The shunt switch 206 is then closed so that the array 202 is shorted out, and then the contactor 216 is closed before current is forced into the inverter 208 by opening the shunt switch 206. The diode 214 in this embodiment prevents damage to the bus capacitor 215 while the shunt switch 206 is closed.
During shut down, in one embodiment, the shunt switch 206 is closed so as to prevent a substantial amount of current from flowing through the contactor 216 to the inverter 208. The contactor 216 is then opened 216 to isolate the inverter 208 from the array 202, and then the shunt switch 206 is opened.
Referring next to
In many modes of operation, the interface 304 depicted in
As shown, initially when the array 302 is exposed to sunlight, but is not yet coupled to the inverter 308, the contactor 316 is open and the array 302 applies an open load voltage V1 to the interface 304, but no current flows from the array 302, through the interface 304, to the inverter 308. At a time t1 the switch 320 is closed briefly, as shown in
As shown in
In many embodiments, once the voltage output by the array 302 is reduced to a desirable level (e.g., a level that is tolerable to the inverter 308 and/or an optimal level for power transfer), the contactor 316 is closed and the switch 320 is opened so that the voltage V2 output from array 302 is applied to the inverter 308. In some embodiments for example, the voltage V1 is approximately 1200 VDC and V2 is approximately 900 VDC.
In some embodiments, the interface 304 is also configured to decouple the inverter 308 from the array 302 while the array 302 is applying a substantial voltage (e.g., full-load voltage) to the inverter 308. In these embodiments, the switch 320 is closed, and then the contactor 316 is opened so as to enable the switch 320 to gradually decouple the array 302 from the inverter 308 by being switched from a high duty cycle (e.g., 100% duty cycle) to a low duty cycle (e.g., 0%).
Referring next to
Although either the series switch 320, discussed with reference to
Referring next to
As discussed, in some embodiments a switch segment that includes a shunt switch (e.g., shunt switch 206) is utilized to modulate a load that is placed on the array. And in other embodiments a switching segment that includes a series-arranged switch (e.g., series-arranged switch 320) is utilized to modulate a load that is placed across the array.
In conclusion, the present invention provides, among other things, a system and method for interfacing with a photovoltaic array. Those skilled in the art can readily recognize that numerous variations and substitutions may be made in the invention, its use and its configuration to achieve substantially the same results as achieved by the embodiments described herein. Accordingly, there is no intention to limit the invention to the disclosed exemplary forms. Many variations, modifications and alternative constructions fall within the scope and spirit of the disclosed invention as expressed in the claims.
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|U.S. Classification
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Nov 12, 2008
Owner name: ADVANCED ENERGY INDUSTRIES, INC, COLORADO
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:SEYMOUR, ERIC;GILMORE, JACK;REEL/FRAME:021822/0576;SIGNING DATES FROM 20071212 TO 20071214
Owner name: ADVANCED ENERGY INDUSTRIES, INC, COLORADO
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:SEYMOUR, ERIC;GILMORE, JACK;SIGNING DATES FROM 20071212 TO 20071214;REEL/FRAME:021822/0576
|Jan 12, 2015
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|Jan 12, 2015
|Surcharge for late payment


text:
Former Pack WR Burleson Catches TD In Seahawks 28-0 Win
Posted: 09/13/2009 - SEATTLE -- Former Wolf Pack wide receiver Nate Burleson hardly skipped a beat in the Seattle Seahawks opener, despite missing all of last with a torn ligament in his knee.
Posted: 09/13/2009 - SEATTLE -- Former Wolf Pack wide receiver Nate Burleson hardly skipped a beat in the Seattle Seahawks opener, despite missing all of last with a torn ligament in his knee.
Posted: 09/13/2009 - CHARLOTTE, N.C.(AP) Donovan McNabb was walking gingerly to the locker room with a cracked rib about the same time Jake Delhomme was mercifully yanked after his fifth turnover.
Posted: 09/13/2009 - CINCINNATI(AP) Brandon Stokley caught the deflected pass, turned and looked upfield. Nobody stood between him and the end zone.
Posted: 09/13/2009 - NEW YORK (AP) -- Rafael Nadal looked lost, swallowed up by the huge serves and crushing forehands coming at him from his 6-foot-6 opponent across the net.
Posted: 09/13/2009 - Roger Federer punctuated his latest U.S. Open victory Sunday with a shot he called, quite simply, the greatest of his life: a between-the-legs, back-to-the-net, cross-court winner from the baseline.
Posted: 09/13/2009 - GLENDALE, Ariz. (AP) - Shaun Hill and the rest of San Francisco's offense had an awful second half, except for one magnificent possession.
Posted: 09/13/2009 - LEVELAND — Brett Favre looked pleasing in purple. Adrian Peterson always does.
Posted: 09/13/2009 - AP TOP 25 RANKINGS
Posted: 09/12/2009 - SAN JOSE, Calif. (AP) - Terrance Cain passed for 248 yards and hit Jereme Brooks for a go-ahead 51-yard score early in the fourth quarter, and No. 17 Utah finally shook free of San Jose State late in its 16th straight victory, 24-14 Saturday night.
Posted: 09/12/2009 - FORT COLLINS, Colo. — Guy Miller recovered a fumble deep in Colorado State territory with 42 seconds left as the Rams avoided an upset by defeating Weber State 24-23 Saturday.
Posted: 09/12/2009 - NEW YORK — Serena Williams' U.S. Open title defense ended in bizarre, ugly fashion Saturday night, when she was docked a point on match point after yelling and shaking her racket in the direction of an official who called a foot fault.
Posted: 09/12/2009 - COLUMBUS, Ohio(AP) Backed up to their own goal line, Matt Barkley and Joe McKnight drove into Southern California lore.
Posted: 09/12/2009 - MADISON, Wis. (AP) - Wisconsin safety Chris Maragos came up with an interception in the second overtime, and Philip Welch kicked a 22-yard field goal to give the Badgers a 34-31 victory over Fresno State at Camp Randall Stadium on Saturday.
Posted: 09/12/2009 - THESSALONIKI, Greece (AP) -- Tyson Gay clocked 9.88 in his last major race of the season Saturday to beat Asafa Powell in the 100 meters at the World Athletics Final.
Posted: 09/12/2009 - EAST LANSING, Mich.(AP) Andrew Aguila 's toughest kick of the day? It wasn't the one that sailed through the uprights with 3 seconds to go, the game-winner that will be talked about for long time at Central Michigan.
Posted: 09/12/2009 - PHOENIX (AP) -- The Phoenix Coyotes opened training camp without coach Wayne Gretzky on Saturday.
Posted: 09/12/2009 - EAST HARTFORD, Conn.(AP) North Carolina needed to make a big defensive stop, and wound up getting some help from Connecticut's Dan Ryan .
Posted: 09/12/2009 - EMONT, Ill. (AP) — Tiger Woods dropped his 3-wood in disgust after his first tee shot Saturday sailed left into the bunker for another sloppy bogey. Four hours later, he finished off his best round of the year to build a seven-shot lead in the BMW Championship.
Posted: 09/12/2009 - NEW YORK(AP) It's hard to know what to expect from A.J. Burnett come the playoffs.
Posted: 09/12/2009 - GAINESVILLE, Fla.(AP) Before Florida coach Urban Meyer even started his postgame speech, his players had already said it all in the locker room.
Posted: 09/12/2009 - OTTAWA (AP) -- The San Jose Sharks made the big move that has been expected ever since their best regular season ended with a first-round playoff exit, acquiring disgruntled winger Dany Heatley from the Ottawa Senators on Saturday.
Updated: 09/13/2009 - ALAMEDA, Calif. (AP) -- Richard Seymour ended his five-day sit out and will join the Oakland Raiders on Saturday, saying he was initially "blindsided" by the trade from the New England Patriots.
Posted: 09/12/2009 - ANN ARBOR, Mich.(AP) Tate Forcier threw a 5-yard touchdown pass to Greg Mathews with 11 seconds left, lifting Michigan to a 38-34 win over No. 18 Notre Dame on Saturday.
Posted: 09/12/2009 - STILLWATER, Okla.(AP) Case Keenum threw for 366 yards and three touchdowns, and Bryce Beall caught the go-ahead 6-yard pass off a batted ball as Houston stunned No. 5 Oklahoma State 45-35 on Saturday.
Updated: 09/13/2009 - NEW YORK (AP) - Derek Jeter breaks Lou Gehrig's Yankees record for career hits.


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It's a Shame
Attorney General Eric Holder and Education Secretary Arne Duncan on March 21 announced the findings of the Department of Education's first comprehensive civil rights report based on data from every public school in the nation for the 2011-12 academic period. The report covers 97,000 schools and 49 million students. It reveals many troubling racial disparities, from pre-school suspensions to lack of access to the quality teachers and courses needed to prepare students for college and the workforce. Read it and weep. — Joyce Jones (@BETpolitichick)
(Photo: Mark Wilson/Getty Images)
Straight Outta IG: Million Man March 20th Anniversary10/10/2015
Ben Carson's Most Controversial Quotes10/09/2015
20 Years Later: A Look Back at Key Players in Simpson Trial10/02/2015
How to Prepare for a Hurricane10/01/2015
Meet the Black MacArthur Fellows09/29/2015
Not Just the Flag: Confederate Symbols Across the Nation09/25/2015
The People's Champ: Humanitarian Honors of Muhammad Ali09/23/2015
Justice for Freddie Gray: What's Happening in Baltimore?09/18/2015
What's Happening in Cleveland?09/18/2015
Outrageous School Suspensions09/16/2015
Front Pages From the Day After the 9/11 Attacks09/11/2015
11 Top Companies Hit With Employee Discrimination Suits09/09/2015
Wrongfully Incarcerated: 21 Cases You Should Know09/04/2015
Everything You Need to Know About the Sandra Bland Case08/27/2015
In Their Own Words: #Katrina10Years08/26/2015
Katrina 10 Years Later: Scenes From the Hurricane08/25/2015
10 Years Later: How Hurricane Katrina Changed New Orleans08/24/2015
Crazy Restaurant Receipts08/20/2015
Shaun King Keeps His Blackness Close in Twitter Response08/19/2015
In Memoriam: Julian Bond08/16/2015
Hillary Clinton Wants to Throw Money at HBCUs08/14/2015
10 Events in New Orleans 10 Years After Hurricane Katrina08/10/2015
The Year in Ferguson08/07/2015
Everything You Need to Know About the Samuel Dubose Case08/04/2015
How Michael Brown's Death Fueled Change in 24 States08/04/2015
15 Moments Celebrating President Obama's 54th Birthday08/04/2015
ICYMI: #100Days100Nights Challenge Threatens L.A. Lives07/31/2015
#BlackWomenEqualPay: Twitter Shares Facts About the Wage Gap07/28/2015
A Look at Racial Tensions in Waller County, Texas07/27/2015
Reasons Why Anonymous Believes Sandra Bland Was Murdered07/27/2015
Remembering Transgender People of Color Slain in 201507/22/2015
#JusticeforJonathanSanders Rally Held in Mississippi07/20/2015
#IfIDieInPoliceCustody Twitter Hashtag Shows Sad Reality07/18/2015
Obama Visits Prison, Calls For Fairer Justice System07/17/2015
In NYC, Chokehold Case Is Latest in Series of Settlements07/15/2015
What's Happening in the Walter Scott Case?07/14/2015


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Tracery Professional Builders
(408) 643-0018251 E Hacienda Ave #C, Campbell, CA 95008-6622www.tracerybuilders.com
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A BBB Accredited Business since 04/01/2012
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This company is in an industry that may require licensing, bonding or registration in order to lawfully do business. BBB encourages you to check with the appropriate agency to be certain any requirements are currently being met.
BBB records show a license number of 777347 for this company. The expiration date of this license is 04/30/2016.Type: Contractor's License Board
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Business ManagementPrincipal: Debbie Fein (Office Manager)
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Home Improvements - Additions, Bathroom Remodeling, Contractors - General
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This company specializes in residential remodeling and new construction projects.
Hours of OperationMon: 07:30 AM to 05:30 PMTue: 07:30 AM to 05:30 PMWed: 07:30 AM to 05:30 PMThu: 07:30 AM to 05:30 PMFri: 07:30 AM to 05:30 PM
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I wanted to send two quick updates from Team Jhpiego that I thought might be of interest. Thanks again for your continued support!
First – Jhpiego is leading an online effort to support moms, babies, and the Midwives who keep them healthy in honor of the upcoming International Day of the Midwife. On May 5th, people from all over the world will be marching to raise awareness about why midwives matter – and no matter where you are you can join the effort! Check out facebook.com/marchformidwives to commit to walk, or to share your story about why midwives matter. It's easy, it's free, and you'll be supporting the men and women working to combat the nearly half a million preventable pregnancy-related deaths a year.
Second – check out this youtube video of Jhpiego-trained Midwives in action in Afghanistan. From Kabul to Kandahar, Jhpiego is working to rebuild the health infrastructure for Afghanistan's most vulnerable women. With Jhpiego's support, the number of midwives working in Afghanistan has gone from less than 450 at the fall of the Taliban, to more than 2,000 today. With your help that number will continue to grow!
Thank you again for all you do.
Project Reports on GlobalGiving are posted directly to globalgiving.org by Project Leaders as they are completed, generally every 3-4 months. To protect the integrity of these documents, GlobalGiving does not alter them; therefore you may find some language or formatting issues.
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by Yun Kouga
The mystery behind the death of his older brother was just the beginning...When 12-year-old Ritsuka discovers a posthumous message from his brother indicating he was murdered, he becomes involved in a shadowy world of spell battles and secret names. Together with the mysterious Soubi, the search to find Seimei's killer and uncover the truth begins! But in a world where mere words have unbelievable power, how can you find true friendship and happiness when your very name is Loveless?
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The Style Gallery is a great new way for you to view, love, and share outfit photos. It's meant to showcase
all the expressive, creative, and inspirational personalities of our community!
By Word of South Flat in Warm
From Albuquerque to El Paso, word of this zesty printed pair is spreading at the speed of 'delight!' Gorgeously geometric, these bow-topped ballet flats boast taupe, paprika, goldenrod, teal, and mocha hues that pack a punch of southwestern panache with every endeavor.
Chance Greeting Flat
Serendipitous meetings with friends and family are such special surprises - now, you can greet your acquaintances with a shining smile, a happy hug, and these yellow fabric flats by Loly in the sky! ModCloth is excited to be the first in the US to carry this brand, which was ...
Pencil Me In Flat
The popular pencil may be number two, but you'll be number one in everyone's schedules when they see you in these smart, fun Pencil flats! This extraordinary Jeffrey Campbell creation, designed to look like a classic pencil, with a pink eraser heel, yellow body, and cream and black point toe, ...
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The weather wont stop you from feeling winsome while you run errands in these golden yellow rain shoes! Wonderfully waterproof, these rubber slip-ons star leather trim and treaded soles that assure some spirited steps past the puddles!
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The House of Representatives has voted to exclude U.S. airlines from the European Union's emissions trading scheme. "It's a tax grab by the European Union," said Rep. John Mica, R-Fla. "The meter starts running the minute the plane departs from any point in the U.S. until it reaches Europe."
Full Story:Star Tribune (Minneapolis-St. Paul, Minn.), Reuters


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The longer nights of Autumn
One for the more pressured waters. Now that the nights are longer it's around this time that I've often found carp feeding away from the pressure, sneaking into the more unusual, obscure areas after dark. You know the places I mean, the little bays within bays, the corners within corners, all the places that you wouldn't really expect them to go, and because of this they're largely ignored. I can think of plenty of unlikely looking spots that I've fished in the past, which to look at in the day would have seemed completely devoid of life, yet at night they've come alive.
I remember one such tight corner on Chertsey where it was just about possible to squeeze in one rod, close to a shallow, gravel bottomed channel which went under the M3. The channel itself was fenced off ensuring nothing could escape, and alongside this fence a narrow, rusty bridge crossed the water. I'd walked across it more times than I can remember during my time on the lake, always stopping for a look as I passed, but this one time I noticed that a small patch of gravel had been cleaned off overnight. The water was crystal clear so I could easily see that there were no fish in the area, but the paler coloured, dinner plate sized scraping in the gravel was enough of a sign to tell me that they'd most likely been creeping in after dark.
I dropped a few tigers onto the shallow gravel, making sure I could still see their exact position as darkness fell, and as I was only fishing from the next swim along the bank, I kept walking back and forth to watch the area. By crouching down beside the old rusty bridge I was able to use the reflections from the motorway lights to my advantage, and that night I was amazed by what I saw.
Despite it being a chilly night, the carp ventured in and fed in water barely deep enough to cover your knees, at times rocking and swelling the water within a rod length of where I was silently crouched. Due to the nature of the swim, getting a bait onto the spot would have been pretty much impossible after dark but a plan was already coming together in my head, I just had to wait until the next day to put it into action.
Looking into the fish-less, tap-clear water the following morning it was hard to believe what I'd witnessed during the night, but the missing tigers and the presence of a couple more scrapings amongst the otherwise algae covered gravel was enough to tell me it wasn't imagined.
The following night I had a trap waiting for them, waded into position and lowered with perfect precision whilst all was quiet. Looking at my hookbait in just two feet of crystal clear water with no fish anywhere near it seemed a little mad, but sure enough, within a couple of hours of it getting dark they were back and that rod was soon whistling off with a dumpy shaped mirror of 27lb's. I went on to catch a couple more from that spot over the following nights too, which went to show that no matter how unlikely an area it seems in the day, once darkness has fallen it can be a different picture altogether.
Be lucky,


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Panel to review bill on Kansas primary as deadlines loom
A Kansas Senate committee is considering a bill to cancel the state's 2016 presidential primary as lawmakers face key deadlines.
Kansas lawmakers seek to boost campaign contribution limits
Kansas lawmakers want to boost their campaign contribution limits to keep pace with a boom in outside election ads.
Some Republican Governors back Homeland Security showdown
Several Republican governors are urging the party's congressional leaders to stand firm against legislation funding the Department of Homela…
Figures show Kansas had biggest per-capita drop in road spending even before budget problems
Budget problems in Kansas prompted Gov. Sam Brownback to propose siphoning off transportation dollars to help erase projected shortfalls.
Kansas Senate passes bill stiffening scrap theft penalties
Penalties for Kansas scrap theft would rise significantly under a bill passed unanimously by the state Senate.
Gov. Brownback signs Executive Order for Social Services Policy Council
Governor Sam Brownback signed an Executive Order establishing a Social Services Policy Council to help improve social service policies.
Kansas Senate to debate ban on specific abortion procedure
A bill to ban a procedure used in 8 percent of the abortions in Kansas is up for debate in the state Senate.
AG files appeal to Kansas Supreme Court in school finance lawsuit
Kansas Attorney General Derek Schmidt today filed the State's formal appeal with the Kansas Supreme Court in the school finance litigation.
Lawmakers settle dispute over rules, bill bundling
Kansas lawmakers will limit a common but much-criticized practice used to rush legislation to passage in the final days.
Kansas bill would require parental consent for sex ed
Schools would be barred from giving sex education lessons to students without their parents' consent.
Bush role in end-of-life dispute as governor now 2016 issue
Jeb Bush was preparing to release the emails he sent and received as Florida governor when he was excoriated by a letter-writer to The Miami…
Proposal would allow concealed carry with no permit
Gun-rights groups are telling legislators that the state should allow its residents to carry concealed firearms without a permit.
Lawmakers move to protect $280 million for roads
The House Transportation Budget Committee voted Thursday to protect $280 million in infrastructure funds.
Former Mayor Bob Knight endorses Sam Williams for mayor
Bob Knight endorsed retired business executive Sam Williams for mayor in the upcoming election.
Obama signs veterans suicide prevention bill
"If you are hurting, know this. You are not forgotten," Obama said as he prepared to affix his signature to the law.


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Oompa Loompas Viciously Attack UK Man
Oompa Loompas, the lovable orange-skinned creatures from 'Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory,' may look harmless. But as a 28-year-old man in Norfolk, England, learned, they're not above aggravated assault.
Oompa Loompas, the lovable orange-skinned creatures from 'Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory,' may look harmless. But as a 28-year-old man in Norfolk, England, learned, they're not above aggravated assault.
When Cameron Crowe was a young writer at Rolling Stone magazine he went undercover for a year at a high school in San Diego, an experience that became a book called 'Fast Times at Ridgemont High.' Crowe then adopted his tale into a screenplay, and thus was born the Amy Heckerling-directed movie 'Fast Times at Ridgemont High.'
It's a busy time at the movies these days. Studios are trying to get all their releases in before the December 31 Oscar deadline, and they're also vying for your precious holiday dollar. This week's offerings include a few that came out on Christmas—Quentin Tarantino's latest, an adaptation of a much loved musical, a family comedy, and a documentary about the justice system—and the first collaboration between Matt Damon and Gus Van Sant since 'Good Will Hunting,' due out Friday.
When you think of the possible candidates for "Most Pirated Movie of 2012: (a dubious honor, to be sure), a few titles instantly spring to mind: 'The Avengers', 'The Dark Knight Rises', 'The Amazing Spider-Man', to name a few. But oddly enough, none of those major blockbusters top the list. No, the film that was pirated the most is one that, at this stage of the year, is something of an afterthought.
Find out what it is after the break.
Who says Christmas is about staying warm by the fire and exchanging gifts with your loved ones? Everyone knows that the holidays are all about movies! A depressing musical adaptation of a Victor Hugo novel and an ultra-violent revenge fantasy may not sound like Christmas material, but the opening days of 'Les Miserables' and 'Django Unchained' prove otherwise.
The holidays are just about over, but that doesn't mean you can't still have fun -- check out our guide to new movies hitting theaters this January!
'Santa Claus: the Movie' is a sprawling retelling of the legend of Santa Claus, with a subplot that involved a renegade elf named Patch who hooks up with a unscrupulous toy manufacturer before re-discovering the meaning of Christmas.
Despite its big budget and the star power of Dudley Moore, who passed away in 2002, the 1985 film was a box office flop. Nevertheless, it makes its way around at Christmas time. See what the cast of 'Santa Claus: The Movie' is up to these days.
If you tried to describe the violent holiday classic 'Home Alone' to someone who had never seen it, they might wonder why it's considered a "must watch" at Christmas time. Watching the precocious, sadistic Kevin McAllister (played by Macaulay Culkin) find new and unique ways to commit assault and battery against two hapless burglars doesn't sound like something that would teach an impressionable child about why the holidays are important.
Let's face it, the Mayans might just be right about the End of Days. And if you are one of those people who still believe the end will come on the 21st. Here are some great movies about the end of time.
Though she is one of the most beautiful and talented actresses working today, Angelina Jolie seems more interested in working behind the scenes of late. Her directorial debut 'In The Land Of Blood And Honey' may have got lost in 2011's year-end awards shuffle, but she's locked up her next project, which isn't '50 Shades of Grey' as was once rumored.
Looking forward to the new Will Smith Movie.
Was there ever any doubt that 'The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey' was going to dominate this weekend? Heck, it's probably going to dominate next weekend, too. If audiences embrace it like they did 'Lord of the Rings,' it may even dominate the week after that. The big question now is whether or not Peter Jackson's return to Middle Earth will make a bunch of money, but exactly how many bunches.


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Cartels respond to troubling shift in consumer demographics
Walter Mencken 9:23 a.m., Oct. 10
The San Diego Workforce Index, compiled monthly by the San Diego Workforce Partnership, dropped in June for the first time in five months. The index was hit by the rise in the county unemployment to 10.4% in June from 9.6% in May, and the big increase in first-time filers for unemployment insurance, to 47,639 in June from 40,599 in May. The leading indicators published by the University of San Diego also dropped slightly. On the positive side, the county gained 6,700 nonfarm jobs in June and temporary employment inched up.


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This property allows you to book online with a credit card. After submitting a reservation request, the owner or manager has 24 hours to accept, at which time your card will be charged and you will receive an email confirmation
Other areas nearby to Tubac:
Recent Tubac reviews
"Wonderful Casita, nicely appointed and close to everything, will definitely stay there again!"Guest: Smitty Date of Stay: April 2015 Review Submitted: April 28, 2015View listing
"My husband and myself with our two little dogs stayed at this Great Home for Thanksgiving. We only stayed a few days but had a great time and enjoyed Bill's Home. The dogs LOVED the back Patio. Bill has this home supplied with everything you could ever need. The place is very quiet & peaceful with nice Views from the back. All the people we met were just so nice. We love Tubac and hope to stay again sometime in the future at Bill's Home. Thank You Bill for letting us stay with our DOGS it's so hard to find a nice place that will take them."Guest: Anonymous Date of Stay: November 2014 Review Submitted: November 30, 2014View listing
"We had a wonderful, although short, stay. And despite a few minor issues (no instructions on how to turn on the outdoor fireplace, no property information on what to do with trash, blown out light bulb) we would definitely stay here again. Just make you get this information prior to your visit as the local contact would not return our calls. Great home, comfortable, wonderful community (friendly neighbors who filled in the gaps of knowledge - except the fireplace, noone could get that going)."Guest: Karen L. Date of Stay: April 2015 Review Submitted: April 27, 2015View listing
"This home is so comfortable and quiet! We enjoyed the many birds at the feeder each day. Golf at Tubac resort is only 20 minutes away and is first rate! The day trip to Madera Canyon was beautiful with snow on the ground. Rio Rico provided all the services we needed and Tubac has great shopping and eating. Don't miss dining at Elvira's in Tubac a great experience. Thanks for sharing your home."Guest: Cathy P. Date of Stay: December 2014 Review Submitted: January 3, 2015View listing
Featured Destinations: Palm Springs Vacation Rentals, Cabins in Colorado, Big Bear Cabin Rentals, San Diego Vacation Rentals


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Economic Factors - International Economic Factors
A significant issue when dealing with international companies is that transactions occur in more than one currency. A company that collects revenues in a foreign currency will be either long or short in that currency, depending on whether they receive more revenue than they pay out in expenses (long) or less revenue than they pay out (short).
Currency Exchange Rates
Changes in currency exchange rates can have a huge impact on both business profits and on securities prices. These rates are expressed as the ratio of the price of one currency against the price of the other.
When the U.S. dollar weakens against another currency, that currency is worth more dollars. In this case, foreign investment in the U.S. dollar will decline. Imports will also decline as they will be more expensive to U.S. businesses and consumers. On the other hand, a weaker dollar makes importing U.S. goods more attractive to foreign countries. Therefore, exports will increase.
When the U.S. dollar strengthens against another currency, the dollar will buy more of that currency. Foreign investment will increase as foreign investors will be attracted to a strong U.S. dollar. U.S. imports will increase as it is cheaper for U.S. businesses and consumers to purchase foreign goods. Finally, U.S. exports will decrease as U.S. goods will be expensive for consumers in many foreign countries.
Balance of Trade
This is the largest component of a country's balance of payments. (The balance of payments is a record of all transactions made by one particular country during a certain period of time. It compares the amount of economic activity between a country and all other countries.)
Balance of trade is the difference between exports and imports. Debit items include imports, foreign aid, domestic spending abroad and domestic investments abroad. Credit items include exports, foreign spending in the domestic economy and foreign investments in the domestic economy.
A country has a trade deficit if it imports more than it exports, and a trade surplus if it exports more than it imports.
The balance of trade is one of the most misunderstood indicators of the U.S. economy. For example, many people believe that a trade deficit is a bad thing. However, whether a trade deficit is bad thing or not is relative to the business cycle and economy. In a recession, countries like to export more, creating jobs and demand. In a strong expansion, countries like to import more, providing price competition, which limits inflation and, without increasing prices, provides goods beyond the economy's ability to meet supply. Thus, a trade deficit is not a good thing during a recession but may help during an expansion.
Find out what it means when more funds are exiting than entering a nation in the article Current Account Deficits.
Career Advice: Financial Analyst Vs. Investment BankerRead an in-depth comparison about working as a Financial Analyst vs. working as an Investment Banker, two highly prestigious business careers.
Who Needs to Take the Series 65?Most states require individuals to pass the Series 65 exam in order to act as investment advisors.
Investing Basics
How to Vet Financial Advisors Via BrokerCheckMany people research restaurants or movies, but few select brokers or financial advisors with much research. Here's how BrokerCheck can help.
Career Advice: Financial Planner Vs. StockbrokerRead an in-depth review of a career as a financial planner as opposed to a career as a stockbroker, including how to decide which is best for you.
Understanding the Maintenance MarginA maintenance margin is the minimum amount of equity that must be kept in a margin account.
Investing Basics
Brokers and RIAs: One and the Same?Brokers and registered investment advisors have some key differences. Here's what you need to know.
Is a Google Robo-Advisor on the Horizon?It's possible that Google is looking to get into the robo-advisor business, either as a new venture or as a way to provide more benefits to employees.
Understanding Series 6Upon successful completion of the Series 6, an individual will have the qualifications needed to sell open end mutual funds and variable annuities
Top Strategies on How to Become a Stock BrokerGunning to be a stock broker and want an edge? Here's some veteran advice.
Trading Systems & Software
Steps to Starting Up an Independent Broker DealerLaunching your own broker-dealer is a lot of work, but the potential payoff is great, both personally and financially.
Maintenance MarginThe minimum amount of equity that must be maintained in a margin ...
Series 6A securities license entitling the holder to register as a limited ...
Comprehensive Automated Risk Data ...The Comprehensive Automated Risk Data System (CARDS) is an initiative ...
Corporate Financing CommitteeA regulatory group that reviews documentation that is submitted ...
Series 79A examination to ensure a candidate is qualified to become a ...
Research AnalystA person who prepares investigative reports on equity securities. ...
Do financial advisors need to pass the Series 7 exam?The exact nature of a financial advisor's job responsibilities determines whether he must have a Series 7 license. If a financial ... Read Full Answer >>
Is a financial advisor required to have a degree?Financial advisors are not required to have university degrees. However, they are required to pass certain exams administered ... Read Full Answer >>
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Lisa Chalkleycommented on a video on YouTube.
All my favourite things and belief systems date back to being in love with Monkey Magic - buddhism, zen, kung-fu, monkeys and pigs - I loved the 'chaos at the beginning of the world' - there's me tai chi stuff - well, thank you BBC2 for the different world view.
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