text:
Last month, we discussed how long-distance dark fiber is used to connect data centers. Everywhere you look, you read about new data centers being built by Google or Facebook or Amazon or some other one with a strange, unpronounceable name.
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Deviant Art
The Monster Who Wanted LoveOnce there was a monster. This monster has adopted into a family of all humans. There was a mother, a father, and an older sister. She was always bullied by her human father, being called ugly, and/or worthless, her older human sister would also bully her, but in a more physical way, even though they were very good friends anyway. Even sometimes her human mother might gang up on her. This happened when The Monster was younger of coarse, and wasn't aware of her potential as a bloodthirsty creature. The Monster didn't want to harm anyone at first, she just wanted to be loved and cared about in the family. Though, The Monster, after having her human father scream at her that night, decided that she needed to be stronger, to not let everyone walk on her. Soon she refused to get hurt by her sister, and would fight back with a mean attitude. She changed in her heart, because that was the only way she thought she could be respected and still liked.More Like This
Years past and a young
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They be like, "Ooh, she serving face"
Lyric Meaning
They think she's trying too hard. "Serving face", like "throwing shade", is an idiom that comes from the drag community that means exactly what it sounds like it means–an intense pose, working your face.
It comes natural for Monae and Badu
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A Day After Her 24th Birthday Kacey Musgraves Releases "Merry Go Round" This Day in Country Music – August 24th (Video)
2012 - Mercury releases Kacey Musgraves' "Merry Go 'Round" to radio.
2012 - Mercury releases Kacey Musgraves' "Merry Go 'Round" to radio.
2011 - As Sugarland prepares to take the stage, a wind gust collapses the stage at the Indiana State Fair in Indianapolis.
Jimmy Buffett and Toby Keith have teamed up and the result is "Too Drunk To Karaoke"! The video Debuts on CMT today. Click here and you can see it first!
1983 - "Pancho And Lefty" propels Willie Nelson & Merle Haggard to the top spot on the Billboard country chart.
1970 - Gerald Vernon is born in Columbus, Ohio.
2010 - Taylor Swift shoots the wedding scene
1980 - John Conlee makes his Grand Ole Opry debut.
1980 - "Honeysuckle Rose" makes its world premiere in Austin.
Details for Toby Keith's Oklahoma Twister Relief Concert have been revealed. The Moore native has put together an event, with the help of Garth Brooks, a fellow Okie, as well as Willie Nelson, Trisha Yearwood and Ronnie Dunn. All of the aforementioned acts are set to perform. The concert is slated for Saturday, July 6 at the University of Oklahoma's Gaylord Family - Oklahoma Memorial Stadium in Norman.
1997 - Touchstone Pictures debuts the movie "Con Air," with Trisha Yearwood singing "How Do I Live."
1993 - Conway Twitty dies from a stomach aneurysm in a Springfield, Missouri, hospital.
2009 - Dwight Yoakam performs on "The Tonight Show"


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This item is currently
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#TCPalmSocial review: The French Quarter is a tried-and-true Vero Beach gem
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08/13/2011 | ARRL Teachers Institute on Wireless Technology Opens Horizon of Learning Opportunities
This summer, the ARRL offered five sessions of the Teachers Institute on Wireless Technology (TI). Veteran instructors Miguel Enriquez, KD7RPP, and Nathan McCray, K9CPO -- along with new initiates Tommy Gober, N5DUX, and Matt Severin, N8MS -- led the inst
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08/03/2011 | ARISSat-1 Finally Deployed from ISS
After a delay of almost four hours, cosmonauts Sergei Volkov, RU3DIS, and Alexander Samokutyaev, successfully deployed Amateur Radio's newest satellite: ARISSat-1/KEDR. The deployment -- originally scheduled to occur at 1457 UTC on Wednesday, August 3 --
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12/16/2010 | US Rep Greg Walden, W7EQI, Tweets News of his New Subcommittee Chairmanship
Greg Walden, W7EQI, has been named to chair a congressional subcommittee starting in January.
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Amateurs have an opportunity to monitor three new research satellites.
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10/26/2010 | ARISSat-1 "Suits Up" for February 2011 Launch
Earlier this year, astronauts living on the International Space Station (ISS) had to discard two surplus Orlan space suits. With the loss of the suits, those involved with AMSAT and Amateur Radio on the International Space Station (ARISS) were at a loss.
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10/05/2010 | ARRL Teachers Institute Expands to Include Space, Electronics in the Classroom
This summer, the ARRL offered two advanced ARRL Teachers Institutes on Wireless Technology (TI-2) sessions. One session focused on how to integrate space into the classroom, while the other concentrated on basic and more advanced electronics concepts and
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Chihuahua back with Sanford family after thieves trashed homeUPDATED 5:55 AM EST Dec 10, 2012
Dog is stolen during a robbery at a Seminole County Home. Family asking for help in finding Chihuahua.
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(VOV) – Thousands of tourists have flocked to Sapa to see the snow-covered landscape while local people are in dismay.
Tran Thi Dung, a flower grower in O Qui Ho, said with great sadness on December 17 that thick snow had come all of a sudden, destroying her flowers worth hundreds of millions of Vietnam dong.
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The Hoa Dao Cooperative in Sapa town has fared even worse with more than 50 hectares of chayote and rose destroyed at an estimated lost of VND25 billion. Fifty member families are just waiting for snow thawing to start a new crop from a scratch.
Along Highway 4D from Trung Chai to Coc San, hundreds of huts have been set up to provide shelter for buffaloes.
By December 17, dozens of buffaloes had died in addition to the destruction of more than 2,000 sq.m of orchid gardening and 60 percent of chayote grown acreage.


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|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Jun 5, 2012
|Filing date
|Mar 13, 2009
|Priority date
|Nov 4, 2008
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Stephen J. Lukasik
|Original Assignee
|Advanced Concepts And Technologies International, L.L.C.
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (56), Non-Patent Citations (2), Classifications (16), Legal Events (1)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This application claims benefit of U.S. provisional application Ser. No. 61/111,048 filed Nov. 4, 2008, the contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety.
The present invention generally relates to detection of molecules, especially detection of molecules such as chemical warfare agents, while reducing or avoiding false alarms.
The sensing of analytes (such as chemical warfare agents, etc.) with considerable sensitivity and specificity is a requirement in many circumstances. Sensitivity is required to sense analytes before their level reaches an undesired value. Specificity is necessary to avoid false positives that would engender unnecessary, costly, and potentially dangerous responses.
Chemical warfare agents are lethal compounds applied to warfare have been developed over many years, some derived from commercial compounds used to control destructive animals, insects, and plants, others are toxic industrial chemicals, such as chlorine, that also have been used in warfare. Still others are the product of military research and development intended to produce lethal agents of desired characteristics and effects.
The complexity and variety of chemical compounds, many only slightly different in structure or chemical reactivity, make the task challenging. False positive such as may originate from similar compounds present in the sampled environment are a source of concern.
For detecting certain molecules (such as chemical warfare agents, etc.), there are various conventional sensors and detectors that have been previously provided. However, these existing sensors and detectors are not without flaws and shortcomings. For one, there is wanted greater sensitivity, namely, the ability to detect on the order of parts per trillion (ppt).
Significantly, current sensors and detectors tend to have a false alarm (false positive) problem, namely, that the sensors and detectors are triggered not just by what is wanted to be detected but also triggered by "interferents." For example, in the case of current sensors used by the chemical agent detector community, benzene and toluene are potential interferents. These chemicals are components of JP-8 and diesel fuel vapors and exhaust and associated with a variety of burning materials and gunfire. False alarm problems have been reported in the testing of currently used fieldable chemical agent detectors in the presence of JP-8 and diesel vapor and exhaust, as well as toluene. In these tests a positive detection of either nerve or blister agents was registered when neither of these chemical warfare agents was present.
Another example where sensitivity and specificity are needed is in sensing compounds in the environment that are destructive to the atmosphere and water and endanger the health of those exposed. In other cases chemical sensing is important for the collection of information about criminal and foreign military developments and operations. In industrial operations, chemical sensing is necessary to recognize when dangerous processes may be incompletely contained, becoming uncontrolled, and/or potentially creating a HAZMAT release.
There have not yet been provided, but are wanted, fieldable devices with sensors that are both sufficiently sensitive and versatile to provide for detection of a variety of important threat agents and simultaneously discriminating of, or insensitive to, interferents which would register false positives.
Also, there are needs for detecting toxic materials in water samples. The safety of drinking water is of importance for military deployments in combat zones. Domestically there is the treat of terrorist attacks against water supply systems. A large concern is the protection of populations against toxic chemicals that find their way into drinking water, and into lakes, rivers, bays and oceans where they harm animals and fish, and damage recreational uses of such natural resources.
The present inventor has provided an elegant solution to the difficult problem of how to minimize false positive readings in a sensor, preferably while detecting the analyte or target molecules (such as, e.g., chemical warfare agent, etc.) at the desired sensitivity. The invention provides for preprocessing (such as, e.g., inventive molecular separation) to be performed on a sample to sort molecules from the sample before a sensor (such as, e.g., a carbon nanotube bundle sensor) is operated on what remains of the sample.
The operation of an inventive molecular separator advantageously allows the molecular separator to function simultaneously as a concentrator by drawing the sample through the invention as a continuous flow, at each instant trapping the desired molecules. This allows the analyte or analytes thereby selected to accumulate in ever increasing numbers to a degree proportional to the amount of time the sample flow is maintained. Thus a variety of different sensors can be employed, varying in their specific characteristics, and regardless of limits on the minimum concentration of analyte needed for them to produce a measurable electrical or other signal relatable to the concentration of the intended analyte.
An objective of the present invention is to provide a physical discriminant to reduce false positives, that of molecular size. In some cases, such providing of a physical discriminant may suffice to select only the desired compound from among the many possibly present and exposed to a chemical sensor. In other cases, additional a priori reasoning may be further performed to reduce or eliminate potential interfering compounds (also known as "interferents") based on external circumstances of the site where the measurement is being made and other information available remotely. In this invention, preferably a chemical sensor is embedded in, and is a part of, a system created for some larger purpose. In a significant class of applications, site-specific information can be drawn upon to manage the sensor and interpret the sensor's results.
The present invention recognizes and makes use of the fact that the sizes of molecules of concern in many sensing applications bear a close relationship to the sizes of atomic-level nanostructures such as, e.g., those of carbon nanotubes. Regularly-spaced columnar nanostructures can serve as molecular size filters for external flows.
The invention in one aspect provides a method of sorting molecules by size, comprising: contacting at least one nanotube having an inner diameter within a first predetermined diameter range, with an initial sample (such as, e.g., an initial sample that is a gaseous sample; an initial sample of air; etc.) of various-sized molecules, to produce a screened sample; such as, e.g., inventive methods further comprising contacting at least one nanotube of an inner diameter within a second predetermined diameter range which is not equal to the first predetermined diameter range, to a screened sample to produce a size-sorted sample (such as, e.g., inventive methods wherein the at least one nanotube is contained within a first screen comprising a plurality of nanotubes having the first predetermined diameter range, and the at least one nanotube having the second diameter is contained within a second screen comprising a plurality of nanotubes having the second predetermined diameter range).
In another aspect, the invention provides a method of reducing an initial sample (such as, e.g., an initial sample that is a gaseous sample) that contains various-sized molecules to a subset of molecules of a predefined size range, comprising: screening the initial sample to produce a screened sample consisting of molecules of size smaller than a maximum size (such as, e.g., a size D(max)); and requiring molecules of size smaller than a minimum size (such as, e.g., a size D(min)) to exit, such as, e.g., inventive methods comprising producing a target sample consisting of molecules having a size in a range of D(min) to D(max); inventive methods wherein the step of screening the initial sample to produce a screened sample consisting of molecules of size smaller than the maximum size (such as, e.g., D(max)) includes applying a screen comprising at least one nanotube having an inner diameter to exclude molecules bigger than the maximum size; inventive methods wherein the step of requiring molecules of size greater than the minimum size (such as, e.g., D(min)) to exit includes applying a screen comprising at least one nanotube having an inner diameter that permits passage of molecules below the minimum size (such as, e.g., D(min)); inventive methods comprising passing the initial sample through a screen comprising at least one nanotube having an inner diameter to exclude molecules bigger than the maximum size, followed by withdrawing, through a screen comprising at least one nanotube having an inner diameter that permits passage of molecules below the minimum size (such as, e.g., D(min)), a subset of molecules which are smaller than the minimum size (such as, e.g., D(min)), such as, e.g. inventive methods comprising performing the withdrawing step until the initial sample has been transformed into a target sample consisting only of molecules of the predefined size range; inventive methods comprising screening an initial sample that is a gaseous sample; inventive methods comprising a screening step of screening an initial sample comprising at least one of an analyte molecule and/or a molecule that evokes a false positive for the analyte molecule; inventive methods comprising a screening step of screening an initial sample comprising at least one pair of an analyte molecule and/or a molecule that evokes a false positive for the analyte molecule and is of a different size than the analyte molecule; inventive methods practiced with a selective screening structure that comprises: a first screen comprising at least one nanotube having a first diameter; a second screen comprising at least one nanotube having a second diameter which is smaller than the first diameter, wherein the selective screening structure has a size selectivity in a range between a minimum which equals about the second diameter and a maximum which equals about the first diameter; and other inventive methods.
The invention in another aspect provides a method, comprising: for an initial sample (such as, e.g., an initial sample that is a gaseous sample; an initial sample that includes at least one of an analyte molecule and/or a molecule that evokes a false positive for the analyte molecule; etc.) that contains various-sized molecules, reducing the initial sample to a subset of molecules of a predefined size range (such as, e.g., a reducing step that sorts from the initial sample molecules which are outside of a size range), and bringing the subset of molecules of the predefined size range into contact with at least one sensor (such as, e.g., a carbon nanotube bundle sensor; a sensor configured to detect a chemical warfare agent; etc.), such as, e.g., inventive methods wherein the initial sample includes at least one of an analyte molecule and/or a molecule that evokes a false positive for the analyte molecule; inventive methods wherein the initial sample includes at least one of an analyte molecule and/or a molecule that evokes a false positive for the analyte molecule, and the reducing step sorts the molecule that evokes a false positive; inventive methods wherein the initial sample includes a set of molecules that are of a relatively large size, a set of molecules that are of a relatively small size, and a target set of molecules that are of a medium size which is the predefined size range, and the reducing step reduces the initial sample to the target set; inventive methods wherein the reducing step comprises a step of screening-out too-big molecules and further comprises a step of requiring too-small molecules to exit while screening-in target-size molecules; inventive methods wherein the reducing step sorts at least one molecule that would evoke a false positive and prevents the molecule that would evoke the false positive from coming in contact with the sensor; and other inventive methods.
In another aspect, the invention provides a method of sorting, from an initial sample (such as, e.g., an initial sample that is a gaseous sample), a subset of molecules that would activate false positives by a sensor which is intended to detect a molecule or molecules, comprising: for the sensor, identifying a size range of the analyte molecule or molecules; sorting, from the initial sample, molecules outside the identified size range of the analyte molecule or molecules (such as, e.g., a sorting step that comprises sorting molecules sized outside the size range of the molecules intended to be sensed, before the sensor is applied; a sorting step that comprises applying at least a first screen comprising at least one nanotube of an inner diameter that excludes too-big molecules, and further comprises requiring too-small molecules to exit through at least one nanotube of an inner diameter that permits passage of too-small molecules; and other sorting steps), such as, e.g., inventive methods wherein applying the first screen includes applying a first screen that comprises an array of nanotubes of an inner diameter that excludes too-big molecules, and wherein requiring too-small molecules to exit includes requiring too-small molecules to exit through a second screen that comprises an array of nanotubes of an inner diameter that permits passage of too-small molecules; inventive methods wherein the requiring too-small molecules to exit includes operating a pump to create a flow of sample; and other inventive methods.
For example, in an inventive method, when the class of molecules to be sensed is that of nerve gases, the two filter sizes would be such that molecules smaller than 1.320 nm are allowed to enter the concentrator/sensor cell and molecules smaller than 0.727 nm are allowed to exit from the concentrator/sensor cell (with these mentioned sizes corresponding, respectively, to the smallest and largest sizes of nerve agents, GB (sarin) at the small end of the selected range and the nerve agent VX at the large end of the size range).
The invention in another aspect provides a method of processing an initial sample (such as, e.g., an initial sample that is a gaseous sample; an initial sample of air; etc.) of a set of molecules before contact with a sensor, comprising: directing the initial sample of the set molecules into contact with an entry screen leading into a container, the entry screen excluding from entry a subset of molecules bigger than a molecular size range of molecules wanted to be detected by the sensor; withdrawing from the container a subset of molecules smaller than the molecular size range of molecules wanted to be detected by the sensor; such as, e.g., inventive methods further comprising operating the sensor in the container after the directing and withdrawing steps; inventive methods wherein the initial sample includes at least one molecule that would evoke a false-positive and after the directing step and the withdrawing step, the molecule that would evoke a false-positive is not within the container; inventive methods wherein the initial sample includes at least one molecule that would evoke a false-positive and at least one molecule that is intended to be detected by the sensor, and after the directing step and the withdrawing step, the molecule that would evoke a false-positive is not within the container and the molecule that is intended to be detected by the sensor is within the container; and other inventive methods.
In another aspect the invention provides a molecular separator comprising: a chamber comprising at least a first screen and a second screen; the first screen comprising at least one nanotube having an inner diameter that is a first diameter or within a first range of diameters; the second screen comprising at least one nanotube having an inner diameter that is a second diameter or within a second range of diameters, which is smaller than the first diameter or first range of diameters, such as, e.g., inventive molecular separators further comprising: an inlet valve upstream of the chamber, a pump downstream of the chamber and an exit portal through which molecules being separated-out as too small exit the chamber; inventive molecular separators further comprising a sensor (such as, e.g., a carbon nanotube bundle sensor) disposed within or inserted into the chamber.
The invention in a further aspect provides a molecular separator which separates molecules of a class defined by a specified physical characteristic, such as, e.g., inventive molecular separators that separate molecules that are in a gaseous medium; inventive molecular separators that separate molecules while distinguishing between molecules of other classes having similar physical characteristics; inventive molecular separators that distinguish between molecules having a specified parameter greater than a D(min) and less than a D(max); inventive molecular separators that include a sensor to produce a quantitative measure of the concentration of the defined class of molecules in the range of 1 ppm (part per million) to 1 ppt (part per trillion); inventive molecular separators that can be used in both urban and rural locations; inventive molecular separators that separate molecules in a time period of less than 5 minutes; man-portable inventive molecular separators; inventive molecular separators that can be used in an automated or semi-automated mode of operation; and other inventive molecular separators.
In another aspect the invention provides a method of nanotube screening, comprising: vaporizing to convert analytes that may be present in the sample as liquid phase droplets to reduce such droplets to a vapor phase, and nanotube screening after vaporizing.
The invention in another aspect provides a method of assessing whether a sensor which has returned a positive indication is false-alarming, comprising: when the sensor has returned the positive indication for presence of a target substance, operating a software-based query sequence in which a series of yes/no queries are presented to a human user for yes/no response, wherein each yes/no query tends to screen for whether the target substance is actually present and being detected by the sensor or whether instead the sensor could issue a false alarm.
In a further aspect the invention provides an interactive interrogator system for detecting a target substance, comprising: a sensor tuned to detect the target substance; and a computer-based interrogator system that is interactive with a user and that provides a series of interactive queries that when answered by the user tend to screen for whether the sensor is indeed detecting the target substance or could be detecting a non-target substance that would cause a false alarm.
In another aspect, the invention provides a sensor-based method of detecting an analyte (such as, e.g., tabun, soman, cyclosarin, etc.), such as, e.g., inventive detecting methods that comprise a step of subjecting an initial sample to a length separation operation (such as, e.g., a subjecting to a length separation step that sorts the initial sample into a size-sorted sample including a mid-sized sample) in advance of a step of operating the sensor (such as a sensor for an analyte) to take a measurement (such as, e.g., a step of operating the sensor to take a measurement of the mid-sized sample), followed by an ambiguity-resolving step (such as, e.g., an ambiguity-resolving step performed with respect to the mid-sized sample for which the measurement was taken in the step of operating the sensor); and other inventive sensor-based detecting methods that reduce false alarms to a low level.
In another aspect, the invention provides for detecting toxic materials in water samples.
The invention may be appreciated with reference to the figures, without the invention being limited thereto. Referring to
The system 100 includes a sensor 1 which can detect the analyte molecule, such as, e.g., a carbon nanotube (CNT) sensor. As some examples for use as sensor 1, sensors useable as sensor 1 are known and commercially available, such as, e.g., a sensor having electrical properties that change with exposure to an analyte. However, before this invention, the state of the art for fieldable devices had not yet provided sensors both sufficiently sensitive and versatile to detect a variety of important threat agents and simultaneously discriminate or be insensitive to interferents which could register an excessive number of false alarms, which problem system 100 addresses, improving the specificity of a conventional sensor when used as sensor 1 within system 100 compared to stand-alone use of the same sensor.
In system 100, the sensor 1 is disposed within a chamber 2. According to the invention, in system 100, the chamber 2 housing the sensor 1 is divided into an upstream section 21, a section 22 near the sensor 1, and a downstream section 23. Particularly, the system 100 is constructed to be sensitive to an analyte molecule size, such as, e.g., considering the length of the analyte molecule. For example, if the analyte molecule is a nerve gas, nerve gases are in the length range of 0.727 to 1.320 nm, the chamber 2 is divided to take into account that the analyte molecule is in a length range of 0.727 to 1.320 nm. The system 100 is tuned (such as, e.g., maximum length dimension-wise) to analyte molecule size by providing a screen 10 that excludes all molecules bigger than the size (such as, e.g., length) of the analyte molecule, and by providing a screen 11 that permits to pass all molecules smaller than the size of the analyte molecule. For example, if system 100 is being constructed for an analyte molecule that is a nerve gas, the screen 10 is a screen that excludes all molecules with length greater than 1.320 nm and the screen 11 is a screen that permits passage of all molecules with length less than 0.727 nm.
Referring to
In system 100, for screens 10, 11, screens comprising carbon nanotubes are preferred with screen 10 and screen 11 each being constructed with respective dimensions.
When a nanotube is being used within a screen that excludes molecules of a maximum size, the nanotube should have an inner diameter to exclude molecules bigger than the maximum size. When a nanotube is being used within a screen that permits passage of molecules of a minimum size, the nanotube should have an inner diameter that permits passage of molecules below the minimum size. It will be appreciated that the inner diameter of a nanotube being used within a screen 10 or a screen 11 is not necessarily set exactly equal to the molecule size which is to be excluded or permitted passage, respectively. The precise requirements are established by increasing the effective size of the analyte to be sensed, and which is used in the selection of the inner diameter of the carbon nanotube filters, by an amount sufficient to reduce the likelihood of wall interactions impeding the movement of the analyte molecules in the sample.
Much experimental evidence exists that molecules can easily pass axially through nanotube structures when the molecule is smaller than the internal diameter of the nanotube.
For example, one can be certain that a molecule that is 1.05 nm in diameter will not find its way easily through a carbon nanotube that is exactly 1.05 nm in inner diameter; therefore, if passage of molecules that are 1.05 nm in diameter is wanted, then an inner diameter of the nanotube through which the 1.05 nm diameter molecules are to pass should be slightly larger than 1.05 nm diameter being an example when constructing a screen to be used to permit passage of molecules by an amount indicated above.
Screens 10, 11 (
A screen 10, 11 optionally may comprise a compound filter that comprises two or more carbon nanotube arrays in series, such as two carbon nanotube arrays in series comprising a first carbon nanotube array which differs from a second nanotube array as to respective size screening. A compound filter may be used to sharpen size sorting capability of a screen 10 or a screen 11.
An example for constructing system 100 is to use macro size technology for the sensor 1, MEMS technology for the chamber 2, and nanotechnology for the screens or filters 10, 11.
The inventive system 100 of
The present invention provides an elegant solution addressing the problem of false positives returned by a sensor configured for an analyte (such as, e.g., sensor 1 in
The system 100 (
Referring to system 100, in which too-big molecules accumulate in upstream section 21 and analyte molecules accumulate near the sensor 1, after the sensor 1 has been applied to make a measurement, if the system 100 is to be re-used on a new initial sample, first the system 100 should be evacuated such as by back-flushing.
In using an inventive system 100 (
For example, in the course of operating an inventive sensor-based system (such as, e.g., system 100, system 300 (
When the inventive system 100 (
The invention may also be used, e.g., in environmental applications, first responder applications, hazardous materials applications, chemical intelligence, law enforcement, etc.
The invention also may be applied to detecting and measuring the concentration of toxic chemicals in water, such as, e.g., by inventive systems and methods according to
The invention may be appreciated with reference to the following examples, without the invention being limited thereto.
By "sensor" herein we mean a device placed in a concentration cell, such as a sensor which is a nanotube sensor. We do not use the words "sensor" and "detector" interchangeably.
Referring to the accompanying
In this inventive example, the analyte molecules are considered and a size range is established for the analyte molecules. The inventive preprocessing is to sort too-big molecules and too-small molecules from the initial sample and only present molecules in a size range for the analyte molecules to the sensor 1. Referring to the figure, the initial sample encounters a first screen 10 (the left-most screen), said first screen 10 blocking entrance into a chamber 22 in which the sensor 1 is disposed for operation in due time. Preferably, the first screen 10 comprises a plurality of nanotubes each of a diameter to prohibit passage of too-big molecules. For example, in the case where nerve gases are the analyte molecules for the sensor, the first screen excludes molecules with length greater than 1.32 nm.
Preferably a further preprocessing is performed, by applying a second screen 11 as shown in
For practicing the invention, it is preferable that the range of sizes of analyte molecules to be sensed by a single sensor 1 be in a relatively narrow range, that is, that the analyte molecules to be sensed by sensor 1 are relatively close in size. For example, tabun, soman and cyclosarin which are nerve agents are relatively close in size, and a single inventive system 100 comprising sensor 1 sensing tabun, soman and cyclosarin as analyte molecules may be constructed.
Likewise to the manner that a molecular separator structure was provided in Inventive Example 1 configured for screening-out non-nerve gas molecules for use with a nerve gas sensor, it readily can be appreciated that other respective molecular separator structures likewise can be made with each molecular separator structure configured for its own agent.
Preferably, the respective molecular separator structures each tuned to a respective analyte molecule are placed in parallel.
Another inventive example is as follows. Call the section between the first two valves, that contain two size filters L1 and L2 with a sensor in between a "cell" C12. If P is the pump that draws the gas being measured, then the detector can be denoted as —C12—P—.
There are other physical configurations possible that lead to enhanced functionality. Suppose one wants to produce a continuous "spectrum" of molecular lengths:
Blood agents: CK (cyanogen chloride; chemical formula CNCl) and AC (hydrogen cyanide; chemical formula HCN). These are quite small, of the order of 0.1-0.5 nm. To detect them one must select that length range.
Another set of agents are the blister agents such as L (lewisite; chemical formula C2H2As Cl3) are intermediate in length. Lewisite is 0.9 nm while sulfur mustard (C4H8Cl2S) is about 1 nm long. There are various formulations of sulfur mustard, differing in being mixed with other materials to enhance its effects under various conditions.
In this case, therefore, one could make a sensor that distinguishes between the three classes, blood, blister, and nerve agents by selecting three ranges: 0.4-0.5, 0.9-1.0. and 1.1-2.2 nm. In this case they would be connected in parallel and each fed off a common manifold, and each using the same suction pump.
There can be combinations of serial and parallel cell arrangements chosen and fabricated to fit particular user needs. For example, since the size range of nerve agents is so large, one may want to divide it more finely, breaking down the 1.1-2.2 nm range into a continuous length spectrum of four or five sub-pieces.
Another variation is to use either a second suction pump or the same suction pump with a more complex set of valves and "piping" to feed any of the contents of any of the concentration chambers between the CNT length filters into a separate section C* based on other molecular parameters and using a sensor or sensors responsive to other physical properties such as dipole moment, chemical reactivity reactivity, etc. (C* may be configured in series and parallel, not shown.) This could be drawn as:
(For simplicity, without showing all valves).
The electronics may include other functions and be structured with an open architecture to allow the device to become a subsystem of a larger system or to provide a basis for adding on other subsystems to it.
A system 300 (
Referring to
Referring to
A separator 33 has an entrance face which consists of an array of roughly parallel nanotubes open at both ends and oriented in the direction of the flow of the sampled fluid, each of roughly the same inner diameter and roughly the same length, thus constituting a molecule filter. The inner diameter D1 of each entrance face (i.e., the first) nanotube filter is equal to the minimum diameter of molecules to be excluded from said separator 33. D1 is chosen to be slightly larger than that of the diameter of the analyte molecule or molecules. "Diameter of the molecule" means the maximum diameter swept out by a molecule rotating about an arbitrary axis through the center of mass of the molecule subject to normal thermal collisions before encountering the first nanotube filter.
The exit face of the separator 33 consists of an array of roughly parallel nanotubes open at both ends and oriented in the direction of the flow of the sampled fluid, each of roughly the same inner diameter and roughly the same length thus constituting a second molecule filter. The inner diameter D2 of the exit face nanotubes are such that D2 equals the maximum diameter of the molecules not to be retained in said separator 33 but instead allowed to exit said separator 33.
The separator cell 33 (
A valve V11 at the entrance of the first separator cell of the separator cells 33 and a valve V12 at the exit of the first separator cell of the separator cells 33 is then closed by a flow controller (FC) when the analyzer 300A determines that the analyte's or analytes' concentration measurement is complete, or after a maximum pumping time set by the user. When there is more than one separator cell 33, this step is performed for each of the cells 33 at a time determined by the analyzer 300A, or after a maximum pumping time set by the user.
In order for the fluid sample containing the analyte or analytes to be removed from the cell 33 when commanded by the user at the conclusion of the measurement in preparation for a subsequent fluid sample to be introduced into the cell, valves V11, V12 and VEN are opened, VEX is closed, and the cell 33 is cleansed of the analyte or analytes through back-flushing. Table 1 shows the position of each of the valves in the system 300 in the shut down state, during the measurement time, during operation of the ambiguity resolver 303, and during the backwash operation.
TABLE 1 Valves Shut- Ambiguity Resolution and down Measurement state (illustration Back-flush Pump state operation for Cell 1 only) operation VEN closed open closed open V11 closed open closed open V12 closed open open open VN1 closed open closed open VN2 closed open closed open V3 closed open close open V4 closed closed open open V5 closed closed open open VEX closed open closed closed Pump off on (inflow) on (inflow) on (outflow)
For the system 300 in
Each separator cell 33 acts as a concentrator to increase the sensitivity of the system 300. For a separator cell 33 having a volume V, the pump (P) will fill this volume V in a time T=V/R where R is capacity of the pump (P). For a configuration having N cells 33 in parallel, each cell 33 the same size, the time to fill all of the cells 33 is T=NV/R. Further suppose that the desired sensitivity of the measurement of each cell 33 is a concentration of molecules of c/unit volume but the maximum sensitivity of the sensor (S) is only s molecules/unit volume. It will be necessary to fill the cell 33 volume repeatedly to achieve a concentration ratio CR that is s/c times greater, each time retaining the analyte or analytes until the cell 33 volume has sufficiently concentrated the analyte or analytes such that the sensor (S) is able to register their presence. Therefore
in which operational requirements of the system 300 will set T, c, and N. Therefore the pump capacity R is set by the cell volume V and the maximum sensitivity, s, of the sensor (S).
The sensor (S) in an integrated sensor/concentrator cell 33 operates in the following manner. A sensor (S) has a resistance that is altered by the attachment of an analyte molecule to a surface of the sensor (S) or to an internal structure of the sensor (S) forming one wall of the separator/concentrator cell 33. At least two electrical connections including the two ends of a resistive element extend through a wall of the cell 33 and connect to the analyzer 300A.
The analyzer 300A consists of an electronic data processor. The analyzer 300A comprises a voltage source that applies a voltage to each sensor (S). Each respective sensor (S) in each of the cells 33 need not be identical in material or construction to another sensor (S). The analyzer 300A also has a voltage measuring capability that records the change in resistance of the sensor (S) with exposure to the analyte or analytes in the cell 33. The analyzer 300A comprises a clock that provides a time base against which to measure resistance changes and based on which measurements and actions performed by the system 300 are time-tagged. The analyzer 300A comprises an algorithm that recognizes resistance changes in the sensor (S) as a function of time, interprets this change in terms of chemical concentration, and determines a response of sensor (S) in accordance with procedures specified by the user through the interactive interrogator 305. The analyzer 300A comprises a display, such as a display that provides three colored green/yellow/red lights viewable by a user for each of the respective cells 33 in which green indicates that no analyte or analytes above a user-specified alerting threshold are present, yellow indicates that some analyte or analytes are present above a user-specified threshold, and red indicates that a user-specified dangerous level of analyte or analytes is present. The analyzer 300A comprises a logic element that generates required signals for the flow controller (FC) to open and close valves. The analyzer 300A comprises logic elements based on which the system 300 provides more detailed information to the user through a display that is part of the interactive interrogator 305 and is commanded by the user. The analyzer 300A comprises a logic element that communicates such information as the user may have indicated to be supplied to a communications device for transmission to a higher level sensor/response system of which system 300 is a subsystem or component.
The system 300 further comprises an interactive interrogator 305 which receives commands of a user. Interactive interrogator 305 provides environmental information to the user and analyzer 300A to determine a response, or range of responses, to be provided to the user through the display. The interactive interrogator 305 may comprise, e.g., a receiver for GPS coordinates; a communication capability for establishing connection with a wind sensor; a digital camera; etc. Examples of environmental information that the interactive interrogator 305 provides (such as providing in computer-readable form) to the analyzer 300A are, e.g., GPS coordinates of the sensor (S) at the time a measurement is made; wind speed and direction (provided either by user measurement or estimate or from a wind sensor or database); environmental information relating to presence of possible chemical interferent sources needed by the analyzer 300A to make correct deductions from measurements taken by sensor (S) and downloaded to the analyzer 300A (which environmental information relating to presence of possible chemical interferent sources may be downloaded to the analyzer 300A from a remote database); a library of chemical compounds consisting of precursors or products (such as, e.g., a library of chemical compounds consisting of precursors or products derived from actual activities observed by the user to be present); etc. In addition, a digital camera may optionally be used to produce images, such as, e.g., images reviewable by a remote user at a different location away from the sensor (S) to evaluate the interferent potential presented by the environment in the vicinity of the sensor (S).
In the system 300, the flow controller (FC) opens and closes valves, controls the flows into and out of the single or multiple cells 33, controls the operation of vaporizer 302, controls the flow to an optional ambiguity resolver 303, and controls back-flush of the system 300 following a measurement by sensor (S). The flow controller (FC) receives status information from the analyzer 300A when a cell 33 has completed a measurement, when the at least one cell 33 is to be emptied in preparation for a next measurement sample, and when the user requests information from the ambiguity resolver 303.
Under the temperature and pressure conditions when the measurement or measurements are made by the sensor (S), analytes can be in either a vapor phase or can be small droplets of liquid phase. To be certain that such analytes that are liquid droplets as may be present are completely measured, on entry into the system 300 they pass through a vaporizer 302 that emits electrical, laser, thermal energy or other means sufficient to vaporize liquid phase analytes if any.
Referring to Example 2 and system 300, it is possible that upon completion of an analyte's or analytes' concentration measurement in a cell 33, there maybe ambiguity as to whether the separated vapor is an analyte or interferent. In such a case of a potential false positive, optionally the analyzer 300A communicates this status onwards, such as, e.g., communicating this status to the user for handling or the status is directly presented by the flow controller (FC) to an ambiguity resolver 303. In the case in which the status is directly presented by the flow controller (FC) to ambiguity resolver 303, the exit valve VN2 on the cell or cells 33 that are registering are sequentially opened. Valve V3 is closed and valves V4 and V5 are opened and the concentrated samples contained therein are presented to a follow-up sensor (not shown in
This example a system 300 which includes a length separator 301 further includes an ambiguity resolver 303 which is a hardware-based ambiguity resolver consisting of a sensor responsive to a physical characteristic (which is not a length characteristic) of an analyte or analytes.
A preliminary spreadsheet was prepared for over 1700 compounds including chemical warfare agents and the rest chemicals derived from an analysis of the list of DoD "interferents," e.g. burning rubber and the chemical compounds derived from those processes. The DoD interferents are illustrative of combat operations and various chemicals such as arising from vehicles and housekeeping materials typically found in closed spaces. Information such as chemical names, structural formula, molecular weight, melting point, boiling point (to know what are gases at standard temperature and pressure), and vapor pressure was compiled.
Using molecular modeling software, maximum diameters of circumscribing spheres were calculated and tabulated.
From the preliminary spreadsheet, the false positive situation, namely, potential vapor phase false positives could be seen using molecular length as the primary selection criterion. Based simply on molecular length, there were 51 possible interferents.
Although other alternative approaches for reducing the number of false positives in Example 3 may be possible, the preferred approach is to use a second selection criterion to rule out the possibility of a false positive. This has the advantage of not having to rely on local circumstances, local judgments, and local expertise.
An example of a second selection criterion is molecular weight, such as by using in series with the CNT length selector, a mass spectrometer.
Table 2 is based on a length-first selection dividing the length range in the preliminary spreadsheet from 0.63 nm to 1.39 nm into two ranges, 0.63 to 0.97 nm and 1.04 nm to 1.39 nm. One then brackets the molecular weight of the chemical agents in each of these length ranges from smallest to largest and looks to see if any of the interferents still fall into the joint selection range. The results for this example are:
Examples 3-3A illustrate how to select detector parameters based on the problem being addressed.
Upon applying the joint selection criteria of Examples 3-3A, only two residual interferents got through the joint selection criteria, 1,2 dichlorobenzene and isopharone. Therefore through Examples 3-3A, the number of interferents has been substantially reduced from the beginning number.
For constructing a table with rows that include at least one analyte and include interferents for that analyte, the following columns may be used: interferent source, chemical derived therefrom (from these two columns, a local user can indicate what is not present); molecular weight; melting point, boiling point (these columns are used to tell solid from vapor from liquid); vapor pressure (possibly to rule out a compound); maximum diameter, of which the columns for interferent source and maximum diameter are considered most important.
Referring to
The water flow (
The sampled water first enters manifold M1 (
Valves V13 and V14 (
As with air sampling, pump P1 (
When the pumping time has been reached, pump P1 is closed down as well as valves V11 and V21 (in this example of two selector/concentrator cells in use.) The apparatus is now filled with water in what might be called the "water loop." The water in the selector/concentrator cells contain, in addition, concentrated analytes whose molecular size falls within the CNT filter-defined length ranges. All other parts of the apparatus are dry. At this point the analytes have not been presented to a sensor and thus have registered no signal, for the reason that no suitable sensors capable of operating in an aqueous environment are available.
The next step is to drain out the water from the selector/concentrator cells. This is done by restarting the pump P1 and opening valves V13 and V23. This allows the water to be pulled out of the water loop of the apparatus and replaced by air that flows into each active selector/concentrator cell through manifold M3. When this is completed, V12 and V13, are closed and valve V14 is opened, valve V15 remaining closed, and the corresponding valves on S/C2 operated similarly. This results in the air enriched with analytes extracted from the water sample in S/C1 being exposed to sensor S1, and similarly for S2. Because the partial pressure of the analytes in S/C1 is greater than that in S1, which is devoid of analytes, mixing will occur and S1 (
When the measurement of the analyte concentrations in the selector/concentrator cells is completed, the apparatus must be cleared to prepare it for the next water sample. This sample could be in a different field location, or the same location at some later time, or for a next sample to be measured in a central measurement laboratory undertaking this kind of analysis as an internal service or as a commercial service.
At this point there are two ways of proceeding. If the measurement is deemed to be unambiguous, valves V13, V15, V3, and VEX are opened, with V4 and V5 remaining closed, and pump P2 pulls the air into manifold M4 and out of the apparatus and the subsequent flow cleans all the analyte in S/C1 and S1 from the air loop. This process is repeated sequentially for all the other selector/concentrator cells employed.
If, however, there is an ambiguity in the measurement from S1, V3 is closed and valves V4 and V5 opened and pump P2 presents the ambiguity sensor with the analyte or analytes from S1. This process is repeated for all the other selector/concentrator cells employed requiring ambiguity resolution.
In addition to back-flushing the air loop, the water loop must be back-flushed. This is done by opening VEN, V11, V12, and the corresponding valves on S/C2 and all other active selector/concentrator cells. Pump P1 is then reversed and it pushes sample water through the water loop. The CNT filters do not impede the cleaning of each selector/concentrator cell since the analyte molecules can flow back through the CNT filters past which they entered.
At this point all valves are returned to their initial position and the apparatus is ready for the next sample.
The following Table 2 summarizes the valve positions and pump operation for the several states of the apparatus. The information is, for simplicity, shown for the case of only one active selector concentrator dell, S/C1:
While the invention has been described in terms of a preferred embodiment, those skilled in the art will recognize that the invention can be practiced with modification within the spirit and scope of the appended claims.
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Owner name: ADVANCED CONCEPTS AND TECHNOLOGIES INTERNATIONAL,
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:LUKASIK, STEPHEN J.;REEL/FRAME:022426/0838
Effective date: 20090319


text:
Hi all!
I'm looking for a rather specialized piece of software. It need's to do the following:
* Mirror a FTP server
* Only mirror certain filetypes
* be able to only add or change files, not delete during mirror (yeah yeah I know, strictly not a mirror then)
* do it automatically
* be a windows software
Any ideas on a software that can perform it?
CNET bought a house!
Take a look inside the house where we will be testing connected locks, thermostats and other smart home products so we can tell a complete story.


text:
Latest on Tahir Allauddin Al Qadri Al Gillani »
A team of the Counter-Terrorism Department (CTD) of the Punjab government in collaboration with an intelligence agency on Monday raided a house in Raiwind and arrested three members of Al-Qaeda, says an official of CTD.
Robert De Niro has confirmed he will be reuniting with Martin Scorsese for mob film, "I Heard You Paint Houses", which they plan to begin shooting next year.
Bashar al-Assad calls Putin's action in Syria 'vital for Middle East'; David Cameron says 'terrible mistake' TOIBritish Prime Minister David Cameron said that Kremlin chief Vladimir Putin's decision to take military action in Syria to support Syrian President Bashar al-Assad was a "terrible mistake".
British Prime Minister David Cameron said that Kremlin chief Vladimir Putin's decision to take military action in Syria to support Syrian President Bashar al-Assad was a "terrible mistake".
Syrian President Bashar al-Assad said in comments broadcast today that the success of Russia's military intervention in his country's civil war was vital for the whole Middle East.
The suspected Al-Umma operatives involved in the violence at the Central Prison in Puzhal on Friday feared that warden Muthumani and jailer Ilavarasan, who bore the brunt of the attack, would die and they would be eliminated in an 'encounter', police
Sunday's clashes involved Palestinian protesters preparing to "defend" the mosque during the eight-day Jewish festival of Sukkot, stocking stones inside the shrine and planning to sleep in it.
Let's see how our favourite TV celebs celebrate the festival of Eid al-Adha.
Muslims celebrated Eid al-Azha (Bakr-Eid) on Thursday by offering prayers in masjids and exchanging festival greetings.
Last week, on the eve of the Jewish new year, tensions boiled over when Palestinians barricaded themselves inside the mosque and threw rocks and firecrackers at police.


text:
|Reviews for Summer of Salt
| Angellovee chapter 8 . 3/1/2014
That's right! You show him what he lost. Turn the other cheek. Take the high road. sigh...
| Angellovee chapter 7 . 3/1/2014
Breathe in. breathe out. Nice and slow, yup, hurts like hell but as long as I' still breathing I can move on. As if.
| Angellovee chapter 6 . 3/1/2014
Aw HELL NO!
| Angellovee chapter 4 . 3/1/2014
Don't fall for it Bella! Well, at least not yet. Make him work for it.
| Angellovee chapter 2 . 3/1/2014
I instantly thought of Matt Dillon in "Little Darlings" *swoon* perfection
| Angellovee chapter 1 . 3/1/2014
A broken Alice? This ones going to hurt isn't it?
| EnchantedbyTwilight chapter 7 . 2/28/2014
I do not know why I haven't read this but damn!
| snoopylover60 chapter 26 . 2/24/2014
Great story!
| CSG chapter 1 . 2/23/2014
This was rec on FB & i hope to read it soon. Adding it to my TBR.
| petra chapter 14 . 2/20/2014
OMG I love you:-)
| polyphany chapter 26 . 2/22/2014
Thank you for sharing this story! I loved reading it!
| driemygrl chapter 26 . 2/22/2014
Loved this! Thank you for taking the time to write it.
| nic5872 chapter 11 . 2/21/2014
Hi L - as another reviewer mentioned, I read some of your stories ages ago... Not sure how I missed this! I think so,done recommended it on a FB group recently. I started reading in the car on my way home from a family vacation...and was surprised to be so immediately sucked in and found myself in tears at a couple of points after Edward breaks B's heart. Oh! Looking forward to reading the rest now that I am home :)
| Versfics chapter 26 . 2/21/2014
Can't describe my love for this fic! The best in the kind! Just after few sentences I knew it was going to be epic. The other night I slept only 3 hours because I coudn't stop reading, I was like zombie the next day but it was totally worthwhile! Unbelievably amazing!
| not done baking chapter 26 . 2/20/2014
I read most of your stories ages ago and I have no clue why I never read this one. I absolutely loved every moment of it!


text:
The Legend of Legacy Looks Like A Pretty Big Success For FuRyuBy Ishaan . January 28, 2015 . 9:02am
The Legend of Legacy is by far FuRyu's best-selling game at launch.
The Legend of Legacy is by far FuRyu's best-selling game at launch.
In short: higher than Tales of Vesperia and Graces f, but lower than Xillia and Xillia 2.
Last week saw wasn't completely empty of new releases in Japan, but there wasn't much of note either.
Software sales dropped to 62.91% compared to the same period in January 2014.
During the end-of-year holiday period in Japan, videogame software sales amounted to 10.854 million units. 45% of that came from Yo-kai Watch 2 and Pokémon.
Now that the holidays are over and the Japanese population is back at work and school, videogame sales in the country have slowed.
Software sales took a hit during the year-end sales season in Japan, with PlayStation platforms in particular being affected.
Yo-kai Watch 2: Headliner led the charge for another week in a row, selling 208,000 copies.
The highest-selling game of the week was, of course, Yo-kai Watch 2: Headliner, which is now at 2 million copies sold at retail.
In the week prior to Christmas week, videogame hardware sales in Japan are down significantly compared to last year.
Last week, Square Enix released Final Fantasy Explorers in Japan and the game sold 161,197 copies in its first week.
It helped that each of the Dragon Quest-themed consoles came with a download code for Dragon Quest Heroes.
Japanese sales tracker Media Create reports that Headliner sold through 84.77% of its shipment.
Marvelous AQL announced that they're about to reach a total of 300,000 copies shipped for the game.
Yo-kai Watch 2: Headliner, the third version of Yo-kai Watch 2, was released in Japan last week and sold 1.24 million copies in its first week. Meanwhile, Level 5 said in a press release that between all three versions Yo-kai Watch 2 has shipped 5 million units.


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Blending beautifully choreographed physical theatre with bold, compelling narratives, Square Peg Theatre create cinematic and dynamic work that tours nationally. They are associate artists at Harrogate Theatre, and produced by Dep Arts.
Latest News
Square Peg Theatre's latest production Roseacre premiered July 2015. It will be touring Summer 2016 - stay tuned for tour dates!


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(1) Each enrollee in a health plan must have adequate choice among health care providers. (2) Each carrier must allow an enrollee to choose a primary care provider who is accepting new enrollees from a list of participating providers. Enrollees also must be permitted to change primary care providers at any time with the change becoming effective no later than the beginning of the month following the enrollee's request for the change. (3) Each carrier must have a process whereby an enrollee with a complex or serious medical or psychiatric condition may receive a standing referral to a participating specialist for an extended period of time. (4) Each carrier must provide for appropriate and timely referral of enrollees to a choice of specialists within the plan if specialty care is warranted. If the type of medical specialist needed for a specific condition is not represented on the specialty panel, enrollees must have access to nonparticipating specialty health care providers. (5) Each carrier shall provide enrollees with direct access to the participating chiropractor of the enrollee's choice for covered chiropractic health care without the necessity of prior referral. Nothing in this subsection shall prevent carriers from restricting enrollees to seeing only providers who have signed participating provider agreements or from utilizing other managed care and cost containment techniques and processes. For purposes of this subsection, "covered chiropractic health care" means covered benefits and limitations related to chiropractic health services as stated in the plan's medical coverage agreement, with the exception of any provisions related to prior referral for services. (6) Each carrier must provide, upon the request of an enrollee, access by the enrollee to a second opinion regarding any medical diagnosis or treatment plan from a qualified participating provider of the enrollee's choice. (7) Each carrier must cover services of a primary care provider whose contract with the plan or whose contract with a subcontractor is being terminated by the plan or subcontractor without cause under the terms of that contract for at least sixty days following notice of termination to the enrollees or, in group coverage arrangements involving periods of open enrollment, only until the end of the next open enrollment period. The provider's relationship with the carrier or subcontractor must be continued on the same terms and conditions as those of the contract the plan or subcontractor is terminating, except for any provision requiring that the carrier assign new enrollees to the terminated provider. (8) Every carrier shall meet the standards set forth in this section and any rules adopted by the commissioner to implement this section. In developing rules to implement this section, the commissioner shall consider relevant standards adopted by national managed care accreditation organizations and state agencies that purchase managed health care services.
[2000 c 5 § 7.]


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The Step 2 Lifestyle Dream kitchen offers incredible fun for your kids in a 38-piece set that has an oven, phone, light, microwave and a whole lot more. The toy appliances make realistic sounds. This toy kitchen accessories set also has pots and pans that start boiling and frying when your child places them on the stoves front burner. With a decorative plate rack, granite-like countertop, kick plate, framed window and a sink with faucet, this play kitchen looks just like the real thing. It also has a silverware drawer with compartments, multiple storage drawers and cabinets where your child can store kitchen accessories and essentials. A pullout basket provides space to keep fruits and veggies. Coordinate this play kitchen with other items from the Step 2 Lifestyle collection to complete your child's playroom. Wipes clean with a damp cloth. Requires 11 batteries (not included). Ages 2 and up.
Plenty of storage space
Designed to match today's home décor
Realistic frying pan and boiling pot
Plenty of storage space
Designed to match today's home décor
Realistic frying pan and boiling pot
Number of Pieces: 38
Includes: Dishes, Play Food
Features: Sound Effects
Material: Plastic
Dimensions: 44.750H 35.500W 15.500D
Suggested Age: 2 Years and Up
Care and Cleaning: Wipe Clean with a Damp Cloth
Assembly Details: adult assembly required
other Info.
- Online Item #: 523578
- Store Item Number (DPCI): 204-12-0858
- Made in the USA or Imported


text:
HONOLULU -- Hawaii basketball coach Bob Nash has agreed to a one-year contract extension with an option for another season.
Hawaii athletic director Jim Donovan announced the deal Wednesday that would keep Nash through the 2011-12 season, if the second-year option is granted through performance clauses.
The standard for renewal is participating in a postseason tournament or winning 18 games during either the 2009-10 or 2010-11 seasons.
The Rainbow Warriors are coming off a disappointing 13-17 season. Nash, who replaced Riley Wallace, is 24-36 in his first two seasons.
Next season would have been the final of a three-year contract that pays him about $240,000 a year.


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updated 08/25/2015 AT 8:16 PM ET
•originally published 03/02/2014 AT 11:00 AM ET
The only thing that seems to be attracting more attention than Jared Leto these days? Jared Leto's hair.
And for good reason – those shiny, sun-kissed locks on the Dallas Buyers Club Oscar contender are the kind of tresses that every woman craves, both to have on top of her head and to run her fingers through. He is also one of the very few men in the world who can wear a man bun or chignon and still be considered extremely sexy.
That said, upon looking at images of his various hairstyles throughout the years, we discovered that some of them very closely resembled the 'dos of the Central Perk crew – yes, the cast of Friends. Don't believe it? Check out the proof below.


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updated 07/07/2014 AT 5:00 PM ET
•originally published 07/07/2014 AT 6:30 PM ET
Joe Manganiello is spending time with Sofia Vergara, a source confirms to PEOPLE, creating what could be the sexiest couple in Hollywood, new as the relationship may be.
"They just started to hang out," the source says. Reps for both actors had no comment.
The news comes just after Manganiello, 37, raved about the Colombian bombshell in an interview with PEOPLE for the Hottest Bachelors issue.
"You're gonna get me in trouble. I don't want to be like a home-wrecker. This person is engaged," he said of Vergara, who split from fiancé Nick Loeb in May. "She's got the curves, she's got a beautiful face, beautiful hair, just gorgeous. Naturally beautiful. She's feisty!"
The True Blood hunk (whose character Alcide had a shocking scene in Sunday's episode) and the Modern Family star first met in May at the White House Correspondents' Dinner.
For Manganiello, dating his celebrity crush is a dream come true.


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Brotherhood of the Wolf (lvl 100+ Guild on Cannith) is looking for new wolf recruits to join our friendly pack.
Who are we?
The Brotherhood formed way back on Devourer in the days of DDO Europe, and has always been a small-medium guild of Europeans (English, Dutch, Scandinavian, German, French, Polish and more) who love DDO and want a relaxed, friendly environment to kill mobs in.
We're hovering around 35 Wolfies at the moment - all nice friendly folks (men & women, mostly 30+), and there's always a handful of us online during European gaming hours, and weekends. (Now in Australia, too)
We have wolves operating at a range of levels from lowbie (mostly TR's) through to Epic Elite.
Who Are You?
-You love DDO, and you play mostly in the Western Europe timezones (or whenever you like).
-You're friendly and you want a guild that's relaxed and fun.
-You're an adult
-Maybe you used to (or still) play PnP games
No drama / behave like an adult
Help newbies (new players who want to learn the game)
Ignore noobs (people causing drama or acting like children)
Be chilled out, be friendly, and be nice to people...
How Do I Join?
-Post here OR
-PM me OR
-Look up anyone from Brotherhood of the Wolf in-game.
-Apply at http://botw.shivtr.com
See you soon!
LINK: History of the Brotherhood


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Once upon a time, LululemonAthletica, Inc ( LULU ) was one of those brands that seemed to have the magic touch other companies would envy and spend millions (often unsuccessfully) attempting to replicate it. When the stock went public in June of 2007, "Lulu" was a relatively unknown Canadian-based athletic apparel and lifestyle brand -- aside from the sensational cult following it had within "insiders" in the fitness and wellness industry. Thanks to a grassroots brand strategy, Lulu established its reputation for unparalleled product uniqueness and quality, so much so that spending upwards of $100 on yoga pants and athletic apparel became completely normal to its devotees.
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Review: Channing Tatum's incendiary work is the highlight of the chilly 'Foxcatcher'
One of the most perverse truths in this world is that we are frequently drawn to the things and the people we cannot have. There are few pains more piercing and more pervasive than the heartbreak of not being able to be with that certain person, and it's not something rational or easy to explain. All of us, at some point in our lives, have felt that magnetic pull, and all of us, at some point in our lives, have felt that same bitter sting when we realize that we will not, in fact, get our fairy tale ending.
Not all of us go homicidal about it, though.
Bennett Miller's "Foxcatcher" tells a true-life story about a strange, disturbing relationship between Olympic gold medal winner Mark Schultz (Channing Tatum) and billionaire weirdo John du Pont (Steve Carell), and it is a chilly, unnerving, unblinking take on the events. Miller has made a career out of telling true-life stories, and he is drawn to stories about people at defining moments in their lives. Truman Capote stumbling into the story that ended up becoming his masterpiece. Billy Beane putting his theories, and his career, to the test. And now he turns his dispassionate eye to a seedy, sad little story, and he once again wrangles some remarkable performances out of his cast in the process.


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I had a huge UFO experience and need to hear from others if they have seen same...
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1) they are territorial and can only be in territories that God is not standing in.
2) they are interested in disturbing the Adam bloodline and this agenda has been going on since the beginning of man.
3) they can use other bloodlines but are particularly interested in Adamic line. Holds more value to them. The other bloodlines that can be used are more for drones, like stormtroopers for evil agenda.
4) Those who are saved and believe and trust in God have authority over them. They cannot tamper with you if God is with you.
5) they are fallen angels, not aliens from another planet. they are demons and agents of Satan. (Read "The Omega Conspiracy") Agenda is to take God out of man forever. (Read Book of Adam and Eve) I will go into more detail later today on this topic.
6) They can be conjured.
Salt & Light
Salt & Light,
You state some very interesting conclusions here which I for one believe are all true. There were some replies immediately following what you wrote which vehemently attack both you and your conclusions which indicates the truth in them.
The fallen angels will do almost anything to convince us they are not evil or do not exist, but we both know that is not the case. Their leader is Lucifer, the father of lies and the accuser of God's people before His throne.
Your experiences and conclusions mirror my own. I belive we are living in an era analogous to those described in the apocryphal texts. The servants of The Evil One are interbreeding with the human race now as in the antediluvian period.
Those that understand and expose the truth are attacked. Our only refuge and strength is in Jesus Christ and His Holy Spirit.
Jesus Christ is our Light, Path, Truth, Living Water, Protector, Guide, Shepherd, Savior.
Invoking his name in faith and total convicton drives away these entities; of this I have no doubt.
Praying in the Holy Spirit comforts us and removes the fear that the fallen ones illicit in us. The Holy Spirit also trains and instructs.
When we put on the armour of God; Truth, Peace, Righteousness, Salvation, Faith and the Sword of the Spirit we can be assailed but not overcome.
Once you establish yourself firmly and irrovocably in this path I pray that you would interceed for others that are still struggling.
I pray daily in the Spirit that:
1) God's beleivers (communion of saints) here on earth are protected and comforted.
2) The plans of the wicked one and his dominions are thwarted and that they be bound, chained and cast into the lake of fire in the name of Jesus Christ.
3) The plans of those that use the power of The Evil One are reversed and they fall into the traps that they set for the humanity.
4) The Holy Spirit fall on the hearts of the unbeleivers and shine a light ito their darkness.
5) Our Lord and King come quickly to deliver us before conditions become totally out of control such that even some of His believers lose their faith.
Fear Not! If God be for us, who can be against us?
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This Is The World's Most Amazing Clock, It's Movement Is Completely Mesmerizing
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