text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Jun 21, 2005
|Filing date
|Apr 21, 2003
|Priority date
|Apr 19, 2002
|Fee status
|Publication number
|Chunsheng Zhao, Jingyan Wang, Yan Zhang, Weiti Yin, Decheng Zhang, Jia-shi Zhu
|Original Assignee
|Pharmanex, Llc
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (12), Non-Patent Citations (6), Referenced by (4), Classifications (5), Legal Events (3)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This application claims priority to United States Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 60/374,196, filed on Apr. 19, 2002, which is incorporated herein by reference.
The present invention relates generally to compositions and methods for modulating blood glucose levels. Accordingly, the present invention involves the fields of health science, nutrition, and medicinal chemistry.
Glucose metabolism disorders, such as diabetes mellitus, insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, and hyperinsulinemia, are some of the most common endocrinal diseases experienced today. A number of factors have traditionally thought to be responsible for such conditions, including genetics, viral illness, and obesity. Recently, obesity has been named as a leading risk factor in the development of such conditions. Obesity is quickly reaching epidemic proportions in many parts of the world. This increase is largely blamed on changes dictated by modern lifestyles that have reduced daily physical activity, and on the abundance and availability of food.
Other aspects of many modern lifestyles and food technology seem to have further increased the incidence of obesity and glucose metabolism disorders. Particularly, the lifestyles of many people require that they frequently eat meals at restaurants, rather than meals prepared at home. Further, as a matter of convenience, many of the meals prepared at home today include, or may consist entirely of, pre-prepared portions that were obtained frozen, dehydrated, canned, or otherwise preserved, for quick and easy reconstitution. These pre-prepared foods, the foods obtained while dining at a restaurant, and other foods, such as soda pop, pastries, cookies, and candy, have become increasingly available, and most often contain high amounts of sugar, fat, salt, and other chemical preservatives. It is now thought that the consumption of such foods in significant quantities further increases the onset of various glucose metabolism disorders in and of itself, and further, is a contributory factor along with obesity. Sustained consumption of large amounts of sugar or other simple carbohydrates has particularly been identified as reducing insulin sensitivity.
The most frequent treatment for many glucose metabolism disorders is the administration of insulin. It is well known that insulin is the key substance produced in the body for facilitating glucose metabolism. In fact, most glucose metabolism disorders are a result of the body's inability to produce a sufficient amount of insulin to meet the demands presented by glucose concentration in the blood. While insulin administration is a life-saving procedure for many individuals, once insulin supplementation is commenced, it can almost never be stopped. Thus, many individuals become dependent on insulin supplementation for life. Additionally, the only currently approved method for insulin administration is via injection, which is painful and inconvenient.
Alternative methods for addressing various glucose metabolism disorders, rather than insulin supplementation, have also been sought. Such methods include both prophylactic and responsive measures. Specific examples of various proposed solutions include administration of certain proteins, peptides, nucleotides, and other bioactive agents. Such are found, for example, in U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,358,999, 6,361,807, 6,365,628, 6,368,597, 6,369,072, and European Patent Application No. 1,022,022, each of which is incorporated herein by reference. While a number of these specific measures may provide effective prevention or relief of various glucose metabolism disorders, many are expensive and time consuming, and may present various undesirable side effects.
Therefore, compositions and methods for treating and preventing blood glucose metabolism disorders continue to be sought through ongoing research and development efforts.
Accordingly, the present invention encompasses compositions and methods for modulating blood glucose levels. In one aspect, the present invention provides a method for preparing a Loquat extract, and a method of modulating blood glucose levels using such an extract. The method of preparing the Loquat extract may include the steps of: 1) providing a Loquat source material, 2) partitioning the Loquat source material into small pieces, 3) soaking the pieces in an aqueous solution of water and from about 1% to about 95% ethanol at a temperature of from about 40� C. to about 95� C. for about 1 to about 4 hours, to create an extract solution, 4) filtering the extract solution and collecting the filtrate, and 5) concentrating the filtrate. Notably, at the end of the filtering portion of the process, the small pieces of Loquat may be collected and subjected to repeated soakings (i.e. 1 to 4 additional soakings) order to obtain additional extract from the pieces. The concentrated filtrate may then be dried, such as by freeze-drying, and then pulverized to provide a powdered extract. Further, when multiple soakings are performed, the filtrate collected from each may be combined prior to the step of concentrating.
The Loquat extract resulting from the extraction process described herein, may be incorporated into a variety of formulations for administration to a subject, or may be administered by itself. In one aspect, the Loquat extract produced by the process may yield a standardized corosolic acid content of about 7% w/w of the extract. Other standardized corosolic acid contents may be obtained by varying certain aspects of the extraction process. In view of such standardization, blood glucose modulating compositions may be made to include a therapeutically effective amount of Loquat extract and contain a specifically desired amount of corosolic acid. In one aspect, the amount of extract administered in order to achieve therapeutically effective results may be from about 0.5 mg to about 25 mg. Specific dosage regimens sufficient to achieve and maintain long-term blood glucose modulation or metabolism increasing results, may be determined by those of ordinary skill in the art.
In addition to the above-recited extraction methods and resultant compositions, the present invention includes a method of moderating blood glucose levels by administering the extract, or a composition containing the extract, to a subject.
The above-recited features of the invention will become apparent from a consideration of the following detailed description.
Before the present blood glucose modulating compositions and accompanying methods are disclosed and described, it is to be understood that this invention is not limited to the particular process steps and materials disclosed herein, but is extended to equivalents thereof, as would be recognized by those ordinarily skilled in the relevant arts. It should also be understood that terminology employed herein is used for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting.
It must be noted that, as used in this specification and the appended claims, the singular forms "a," "an," and, "the" include plural referents unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. Thus, for example, reference to an "excipient" includes reference to one or more of such excipients.
In describing and claiming the present invention, the following terminology will be used in accordance with the definitions set forth below.
The terms "formulation" and "composition" may be used interchangeably herein. The terms "drug," "active agent," "bioactive agent," "pharmaceutically active agent," "neutraceutical active agent," "pharmaceutical," and "neutraceutical," are also used interchangeably to refer to an agent or substance that has measurable specified or selected physiologic activity when administered to a subject in an effective amount. These terms of art are well-known in the pharmaceutical, neutraceutical, and medicinal arts.
The term "extract" when used in connection with a plant, refers to one or more active agents, or a composition containing such, that is obtained from the plant, or a portion thereof, including the flower, fruit, seed, peel, leaf, root, and bark. As will be recognized by those of ordinary skill in the art, extracts may be either crude or refined to a selected degree in order to isolate specified active agents. A number of extraction processes that can be employed to produce the compositions of various types will be recognized by those of ordinary skill in the art.
As used herein, "Loquat" refers to the plant species Eriobotrya japonica, (Thunb.) Lindl. of the family rosaceae, also known by various common names such as Rosaceae Advance, Champagne, Early Red, Japanese medlar, Pi Pa Ye, Japanese plum, Nispero, etc., including all well known strains, variations, and hybrids thereof, grown anywhere in the world.
As used herein, in connection with pieces of Loquat source material, "small" refers to a piece having a size that allows reasonable extraction of active agents from the piece. Those of ordinary skill in the art will recognize a variety of specific piece sizes that will allow the active agents to be removed into a liquid, or other medium.
The terms "effective amount," and "sufficient amount" may be used interchangeably and refer to an amount of an ingredient which, when included in a composition, is sufficient to achieve an intended compositional or physiological effect. Thus, a "therapeutically effective amount" refers to a non-toxic, but sufficient amount of an active agent, to achieve therapeutic results in treating a condition for which the active agent is known to be effective. Various biological factors may affect the ability of a substance to perform its intended task. Therefore, an "effective amount" or a "therapeutically effective amount" may be dependent on such biological factors. Further, while the achievement of therapeutic effects may be measured by a physician or other qualified medical personnel using evaluations known in the art, it is recognized that individual variation and response to treatments may make the achievement of therapeutic effects a subjective decision. The determination of an effective amount is well within the ordinary skill in the art of pharmaceutical, nutraceuticai, herbaceutical, and health sciences. See, for example, Meiner and Tonascia, "Clinical Trials: Design, Conduct, and Analysis," Monographs in Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Vol. 8 (1986), incorporated herein by reference.
As used herein, "carrier" or "inert carrier" refers to a polymeric carrier, or other carrier vehicle with which a bioactive agent, such as a cortisol moderator, and other anti-stress agents may be combined to achieve a specific dosage formulation. As a generally principle, carriers must not react with the bioactive agent in a manner which substantially degrades or otherwise adversely affects the bioactive agent.
As used herein, "subject" refers to a mammal that may benefit from the administration of a stress moderating composition or method as recited herein. Most often, the subject will be a human.
As used herein, "administration," and "administering" refer to the manner in which a bioactive agent, such as corosolic acid, or various sesqiterpenoids, is presented to a subject. Administration can be accomplished by various art-known routes such as oral, parenteral, transdermal, inhalation, implantation, etc. Thus, an oral administration can be achieved by swallowing, chewing, or sucking of an oral dosage form comprising the bioactive agent. Parenteral administration can be achieved by injecting a bioactive composition intravenously, intra-arterially, intramuscularly, intrathecally, or subcutaneously, etc. Transdermal administration can be accomplished by applying, pasting, rolling, attaching, pouring, pressing, rubbing, etc., of a transdermal preparation onto a skin surface. These and additional methods of administration are well-known in the art.
Concentrations, amounts, solubilities, and other numerical data may be expressed or presented herein in a range format. It is to be understood that such a range format is used merely for convenience and brevity and thus should be interpreted flexibly to include not only the numerical values explicitly recited as the limits of the range, but also to include all the individual numerical values or subranges encompassed within that range as if each numerical value and sub-range is explicitly recited.
As an illustration, a numerical range of "about 1% w/w to about 5% w/w" should be interpreted to include not only the explicitly recited values of about 1% w/w to about 5% w/w, but also include individual values and sub-ranges within the indicated range. Thus, included in this numerical range are individual values such as 2, 3, and 4 and sub-ranges such as from 1-3, from 2-4, and from 3-5, etc. This same principle applies to ranges reciting only one numerical value. Furthermore, such an interpretation should apply regardless of the breadth of the range or the characteristics being described.
Applicant has discovered an extraction process that provides a Loquat extract that is standardized to contain specific amount of certain ingredients, such as corosolic acid, which have been found to have a significant modulating effect on blood glucose levels when administered to a subject. This modulating effect is due at least in part to an increase in glucose metabolism by the cells as catalyzed by the Loquat extract. As such, the present invention extends not only the process of making a Loquat extract, but also to compositions incorporating such an extract, and methods of using the extract, or compositions containing the extract.
The extraction process of the present invention includes the following general steps. After Loquat source material has been obtained, it is partitioned into smaller pieces. The small pieces are then soaked in an aqueous solution for about 1 to about 4 hours to form an extract solution. The extract solution is filtered, and the filtrate containing the target active agents is collected and concentrated. Following concentration, the filtrate may be dried, such as by freeze-drying, in order to provide an extract having a solid form.
The partitioning of Loquat source material in the process of the present invention may be achieved by a variety of actions suitable for creating small pieces, such as chopping, cutting, tearing, grinding, smashing, etc. Those of ordinary skill in the art will readily recognize a variety of specific tools suitable to accomplish the desired partitioning activity. Further, the size into which Loquat pieces are partitioned may also be varied, and may impact the specific parameters required of other steps in the method of the present invention, such as the step of soaking. For example, material which is partitioned into smaller pieces may require a shorter soaking time, and/or a lower soaking temperature in order to achieve the same extract solution, than material that is partitioned into larger pieces. Those of ordinary skill in the art will recognize this principle, and be able to optimize piece size and soak time in order to maximize or custom tailor the extraction process in order to obtain a specific result.
Various soaking conditions may be used in the course of the present extraction method, in order to achieve a specific final Loquat extract. Specific conditions, such as the content and temperature of the aqueous solution, as well as the time of soaking may be varied. In one aspect of the present invention, the aqueous solution may include distilled water, and from about 1% to about 95% ethanol. In another aspect, the ethanol concentration may be greater than about 50%. In yet another aspect, the ethanol concentration may be greater than about 80%. In an additional aspect, the ethanol concentration may be greater than about 90%. In one aspect of the invention, the temperature of the aqueous solution may be from about 40� C. to about 95� C. In another aspect, the temperature may be from about 50� C. to about 80� C. In yet another aspect, the temperature may be about 70� C. In a further aspect, the temperature may be about 90� C. As noted above, the amount of time for which the Loquat pieces are soaked may be from about 1 to about 4 hours. However, in one aspect, the amount of time may be about 2 hours. In another aspect, the time may be about 1 hour.
After the Loquat pieces have been sufficiently soaked, the resultant extract solution is filtered to separate the pieces from the liquid filtrate containing the desirable bioactive agents. Such filtering may be accomplished using a number of specific filtration processes known to those of ordinary skill in the art, such as reduced pressure vacuum filtration, and may employ a number of different suitable filter types, such as paper filters, etc. At this point it should be noted that once the liquid is separated from the Loquat pieces, that the pieces may be reclaimed and soaked again in order to further extract remaining target bioactive agents therefrom. Subsequent soakings may utilize either the same conditions or different conditions as in the original or first soaking, as required in order to continue to draw the desired agents out of the leaf pieces, and into the aqueous solution. Following such additional or subsequent soakings, the respective extract solutions are filtered and the Loquat pieces are removed and discarded.
The filtrate (i.e. liquid containing the desired bioactive agents), or extract solution is now collected, and combined with other extract solutions, if multiple soakings are performed. The ethanol is then removed therefrom by any suitable method known to those of ordinary skill in the art, such as distillation, filtration, separation reaction, etc. The remaining extract is then condensed or concentrated. In some aspects, the concentrated extract may further be dried, such as by freeze-drying, or other techniques known to those of ordinary skill in the art, in order to provide a solid or powdered form extract. Such an extract may then be combined with other ingredients to provide a suitable dosage form for administration as discussed in further detail below.
A variety of Loquat parts may be utilized as the source material upon which the extraction is performed such as fruit, roots, stems, or combinations thereof, However, in one aspect, the source material may include Loquat leaves. In another aspect, the source material may consist of Loquat leaves.
In one aspect of the present invention the extraction process may yield an extract that is standardized to contain 7% w/w of the active ingredient corosolic acid. This standardized content allows various dosage formulations to be made which contain a target corosolic acid dosage. While a variety of amounts may be used, in one aspect, the composition may be formulated to contain from about 0.5% w/w to about 20% w/w corosolic acid. Other bioactive agents that are thought to also play a role in facilitating glucose metabolism, such as various sesqiterpenoids, are also contained in the Loquat extract obtained by the extraction process of the present invention.
The compositions containing the Loquat extract of the present invention may be formulated for administration through various known routes of administration, such as oral, parenteral, and transdermal routes. Examples of oral dosage formulations include without limitation, tablets, capsules, liquids, suspensions, powders, effervescent beverages, lozenges, soft gels, chewing gum, candy, etc. Examples of transdermal routes of administration include without limitation, topical formulations, such as lotions, cremes, gels, and pastes, and transdermal patches, such as liquid reservoir patches, plasters, and adhesive matrix patches. Suitable ingredients required to produce a particular formulation, such as specific carriers, excipients, binders, penetration enhancers, etc., will be readily recognized by those of ordinary skill in the art.
By way of example, without limitation when preparing an oral dosage formulation, such as a tablet, capsule, or powder, the active ingredients may be mixed with a lubricant such as a polyethylene glycol 6000, and a binding agent such as polyvinyl pyrrolidone. A wide range of known lubricants such as sodium benzoate, sodium lauryl sulfate, and other polyethylene glycols having an average weight in the range of 200 to 9000, are suitable for use in the formulation. Additionally, suitable binding agents include, without limitation: starches, gelatins, lactose, mannitol, acacia, cabomer, carboxymethyl celluslose sodium, dextrin, guar gum, hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose, lactose, liquid glucose, maltodextrin, methylcellulose, polymethacrylates, having a molecular weight range from about 2,500 to 3,000,000 and their equivalents.
In addition to the afore mentioned ingredients, other ingredients may be added to the mixture before it is ultimately conveyed into the final dosage form. For example, when produced as an oral dosage, such as a chewable table, lozenge, or liquid, flavoring agents, and sweetening agents may be added. Flavoring agents may be chosen based upon the desired flavor. Sweetening agents may also be any type of general sweetening agent such as sugar, saccharin, aspartame, or other natural sweeteners. The dosage is then placed in final form by any additional processing measures required by the specific form, such pressing for tablets, laminating, for transdermal patches, etc.
In one aspect, a composition in accordance with the present invention may consist essentially of the Loquat extract as recited herein. In another aspect, the composition may contain additional ingredients as recited above. In yet another aspect, the composition may be formulated for oral dosage. In a further aspect, the oral dosage form may be a tablet. In an additional aspect, the oral dosage form may be a capsule. In yet an additional aspect, the oral dosage form may be a beverage, or other food item.
The specific dosage amount of Loquat extract required in order to provide a therapeutic effect may vary somewhat from individual to individual depending on a variety of physiologic factors. Those of ordinary skill in the art will understand this, and will further be able to determine proper dosage amounts for specific individuals through routine monitoring and adjustment of the physiological effects of a give dosage. However, as a general matter, the Loquat extract dosage amount administered to a subject may be from about 150 to about 500 mg/kg of body weight. In another aspect, the dosage amount may be about 325 mg/kg of body weight.
With such dosage amounts in mind, the specific dosage forms may be designed to attain a desired concentration of Loquat extract active ingredients. In one aspect, the amount of Loquat extract in the dosage form may be sufficient to provide a corosolic acid dosage of from about 0.1 mg/g to about 5 mg/g of the dosage formulation. In another aspect, the corosolic acid dosage may be about 3 mg/g.
A Loquat extract was prepared as follows. Approximately 3 kilograms of Loquat leaf pieces were soaked in approximately 3 liters of an 80% aqueous ethanol solution at 90� C. for 2 hours. The resultant extract solution was filtered, and the leaf pieces collected and soaked in another solution of ethanol having the same parameters for an additional 1 hour. After filtering of the second extract solution, both extract solutions were combined and the alcohol was recovered and the extract concentrated under reduced pressure. The concentrated extract was then dried and pulverized to yield approximately 300 grams of powdered extract containing about 7% corosolic acid content.
The Loquat extract of Example 1 was administered to mice or rat test subjects for 5 days at doses of 150 to 500 mg/kg of body weight. As shown in
Numerous modifications and alternative arrangements may be devised by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention and the appended claims are intended to cover such modifications and arrangements. Thus, while the present invention has been described above with particularity and detail in connection with what is presently deemed to be the most practical and preferred embodiments of the invention, it will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art that numerous modifications, including, but not limited to, variations in size, materials, shape, form, function, manner of operation, assembly, and use may be made without departing from the principles and concepts set forth herein.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Mar 7, 2001
|Mar 19, 2002
|Hamari Chemicals, Ltd
|Use of zinc tranexamate in the treatment of diabetes
|Sep 21, 1999
|Mar 26, 2002
|Stewart And Lynda Resnick Revocable Trust
|Pomegranate extracts and methods of using thereof
|Apr 23, 1999
|Apr 2, 2002
|Thia Medica As
|Fatty analogues for the treatment of diabetes
|May 6, 1999
|Apr 9, 2002
|Matamorphix, Inc.
|Methods of treating diabetes
|Mar 2, 2001
|Apr 9, 2002
|American Home Products Corporation
|Biphenyl oxo-acetic acids useful in the treatment of insulin resistance and hyperglycemia
|Nov 10, 1999
|Nov 26, 2002
|Futoshi Matsuyama
|Method for inhibiting increase of blood sugar level or lowering blood sugar level with a lagerstroemia extract
|Jul 31, 1995
|Feb 5, 1997
|Face-nurishing acne-diminishing capsule
|Nov 23, 1999
|Jul 26, 2000
|Matsuyama, Futoshi, c/o Use Techno Corporation
|Composition for inhibiting increase of blood sugar level or lowering blood sugar level
|Title not available
|Title not available
|Title not available
|Title not available
|Naoko Nozato et al., Triterpenes from the leaves of Eriotrya japonica, Natural Medicine 1994 48(4): 336.
|Nunziatina De Tommasi et al., Hypoglycemic Effect so Sesquiterpene Glycosides and Polyhydroxylated Triterpenoids of Eriobotrya japonica, Planta Med 1991,57:414.
|Polly Hitchcock Noel et al., The use of Traditional Plant Medicines for Non-Insulin Dependant Diabetes Mellitus in South Texas, Phytotherapy Research 1997 11:512-517.
|Roman-Ramos et al. Arch. Invest. Med. 1991. vol. 22, pp. 87-93, full journal article enclosed.
|Roman-Ramos, R et al., Experimental Study of the Hypoglycemic effect on some antidiabetic plants. Arch Invest Med. (Mex.) 1991 22(1) :87-93.
|W. Noreen et al., Effect of Eriobotrya japonica on Blood Glucose Levels of Normal and Alloxan-Diabetic Rabbits, Planta Medica 1998, 54(3):196-9.
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Jun 30, 2006
|Jan 24, 2012
|Samyang Genex Corporation
|Method for production of corosolic acid in suspension culture of plant cells
|Dec 27, 2007
|Jan 24, 2012
|Kenko Corporation
|Process for preparing high purity corosolic acid and high purity ursolic acid
|Jun 30, 2006
|Mar 19, 2008
|Samyang Genex Corporation
|The method for production of corosolic acid in suspension culture of plant cells
|Dec 27, 2007
|Oct 15, 2008
|Kenko Corporation
|Process for preparing high purity corosolic acid and high purity ursolic acid
|U.S. Classification
|424/765, 424/774, 424/725
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Sep 22, 2003
Owner name: PHARMANEX, LLC, UTAH
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:WANG, JINGYAN;YIN, WEITI;ZHANG, DECHENG;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:014522/0760;SIGNING DATES FROM 20030607 TO 20030701
|Dec 22, 2008
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|Nov 26, 2012
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 8


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An Eagle Rock man faces three counts of forcible sodomy, having been indicted by a Bedford County grand jury in June and last Friday.
Arthur Franklin Monday was originally indicted on one count in June, but testimony during a preliminary hearing in Juvenile and Domestic Relations Court led to two more charges being filed against him, according to Assistant Commonwealth's Attorney Stacey Gardner.
The hope is the rain that marred the past two weekends won't come back this weekend. There's just too much going on – including Bedford's Centerfest on Friday and Saturday and the SML Home Tour, set for Friday-Sunday.
Centerfest will harken back to its roots this year and rekindle its role as a family-friendly, community event.
Centerfest will take place over two days: Friday, October 9 and Saturday, October 10.
seeking to unseat Sheriff Mike Brown in the Nov. 3 election, called on Brown to resign, Friday.
Stebbins spoke at a sparsely attended public event that was originally slated for Centertown Park, by the clock. Heavy rain forced it to be moved to the community room at the Bedford Central Library.
Stebbins based his call for Brown's resignation on recent news about allegations of a county deputy's misconduct and how that conduct is being used by a convicted felon in an effort to have his conviction overturned.
Sports Editor
A cold wet rainy Saturday for some means curling up with a blanket and a book or television show, however, for the New London Academy Elementary School it meant time for fun fundraiser Last Saturday.
Rain didn't stop the Color-A-Thon from happening. The New London Academy Elementary School held its first Color-A-Thon on Saturday, Sept. 26. "It has been our biggest fundraiser yet," said PTA member Abby Wilson.
Sports Editor
The Liberty M-men were unable to catch the Rustburg Red Devils running game last Friday night. The Red Devils went on to win the game 47-14.
Things don't always go as planned during a game. "Right now I think we aren't doing a good job of overcoming negative things in a game," said Liberty Coach Chris Watts.
Sports Editor
Making his first professional debut in the art of Muay Thai fighting, Matt Coleman started training early to make weight and get his body prepared for the fight. Coleman will fight Brad Mountain, out of Maryland, Oct. 10 at the Elite Warrior Challenge in Salem.
Jefferson Forest took top honors at the Bedford County golf tournament held last Wednesday, Sept 23. The match was hosted by Staunton River and took place at Mariners Landing Golf Course.
Forest took first place with a total score of 167, Staunton River and Liberty finished with a score of 183.
Last week, I questioned Hillary Clinton's tough talk about the Middle East and Iran. While I question her sincerity, given her general lack of candor, I think every politician running for national office who wants to talk tough about our relationship with any part of the globe needs to also be a supporter of a strong military. In fact, every national politician should support a robust military force.
By Congressman Robert Hurt
Last Thursday, Pope Francis addressed a Joint Meeting of Congress. It was a great honor to receive Pope Francis on his first trip to the United States. He is the first pope to ever address Congress, and I am grateful for his message of hope and compassion.
Not even the death of a legendary baseball player or the resignation of the powerful House Speaker could top last week's truest history-making event: the U.S. visit of Pope Francis, world leader of Catholics.
Never before has a Papal visit generated such excitement, as millions of Americans attended or watched on television as the Pope stopped in Philadelphia, Washington, D.C., and New York.
Copyright © 2015
The Bedford Bulletin is your source for local news, sports, events, and information in Bedford County and Bedford, VA and the surrounding area.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
1320 Tasting Notes
A sample from ashleyelizabeth. I thought I'd logged this one, but apparently not! I've been experimenting with leaf and brew time for a few days, because somehow I just can't seem to get this one quite right. *ashleyelizabeth*'s recommendation was for 1.5tsp of leaf in 98 degree water for 3-4 minutes. Unfortunately, I get a fairly astringent brew with little lemon or earl grey flavour when brewed this way. I cooled the water more and shortened the brew time, and that helped a little — 170 degree water for 3 minutes is where I found this most to my liking. There's a light lemon flavour and a light creaminess, maybe the tiniest hint of earl grey. Sadly, this one isn't really doing it for me. I'd try it again in the future if I got chance, though.
A sample from ashleyelizabeth. I thought this was a green tea for the longest time, so I was quite surprised to find it was actually a rooibos blend. It pays to read the pouch, right? I've been drinking this one as my pre-bedtime cup over the last couple of nights, and it's certainly a fruity treat!
I gave 1 tsp of leaf about 4 minutes in boiling water. No additions. The main flavours I can pick out are mango and papaya. When hot, it's a very fruity, refreshing cup. As this one cools, the flavouring does pick up a slightly over-the-top, almost artificial kind of flavour. I usually detect this most prominently with peach, as it tastes kind of plastic-like, but I'm getting it slightly here too. It's not a huge problem — it just means I need to slurp it quickly! I do like the fruitiness here, and how it's the main flavour rather than the rooibos base, but it's not my favourite fruity rooibos because of the slight chemically bent to the flavour. The green rooibos is a good base here, though, and it definitely ticks more boxes for me more often that red rooibos does. Food for thought.
This was my favourite of the ML Collection teas last time I tried them. It has a bold black base, which takes milk readily, and which is sweet and slightly malty. There's a faint hint of chocolate in this tea, and I think it may come from the black tea rather than additional flavouring. The star flavour here is the strong, lychee-like fruitiness, though. It's rich tasting and almost syrupy, but somehow not overly sweet. It blends really well with the black base, too, melding to become a part of the overall flavour (like the chocolate), rather than a flavouring "on top" of the black tea. There's a moderate hint of rose in the aftertaste, which leaves a floral, slightly perfume-esque flavour on the tongue. It reminds me fleetingly of turkish delight!
I'm glad to find that one of my previous favourites still scores highly with me! This is a delicious tea that I could see myself drinking at any time of the day, and it's one of the few ML Collection blends I'd consider reordering. Yum!
Today's iced tea for work. This one got the usual SBT treatment (3 minutes in a quarter pint of boiling water, topped up with cold and into the fridge overnight). I've tried the 52 Teas version of Butterbeer previously in one of the 12 Teas of Christmas boxes, and I've got an unopened pouch of a reblend in my cupboard. I liked it well enough, which is why I was eager to give the SBT version a try!
This is best fridge cold, when the buttery flavour seems to come out best. It seems odd to say that about Butterbeer, which should be hot and foaming, and wonderfully warming, but there it is! The flavour actually reminds me of a Werther's Original, or some kind of butter toffee sweet. The main flavour is an almost caramelised, buttery sweetness, with the underlying flavour of chicory. There's something a little root beery about it, although it's definitely more caramel and butter than vanilla ice cream.
Fandom blends are a lovely thing, and this one is a thoughtful tribute to Butterbeer. I'd like to try the Adagio version one day, but I'm happy with this one for now. What I'm also looking forward to is being able to drink my reblend pouch brewed hot again in the winter, while pretending I'm not actually at work but in the Three Broomsticks. Yup, that'll work.
Another ML Collection tea, and I'm going to say that this one is identical to the Mighty Leaf version, Hojicha Organic. I certainly couldn't tell them apart!
This one is quite a heavy, dark, earthy flavoured green. It's not bitter or astringent, though, just strongly flavoured. It's almost slightly salty, which is a little unexpected — it reminds me of seawater! Potentially that's because I can also taste seaweed. That's the closest descriptor I have for the flavour I'm getting from this one. It's not sweet or vegetal like some greens, it's slightly nutty, roasty, with a definite "green" flavour — seaweed is the closest I can come.
Not a favourite of mine, but then hojicha in general never has been. I appreciated the difference between this one and some of the other greens I'm drinking at the moment — it was a bit of a palate refresher if nothing else! I'll happily drink up the rest of my bags, but it's not one I'd seek our again.
Another from the ML Collection sampler, which I'm trying to finish off over the next week or so. This one is pretty much a dupe for Orange Dulce, although the base tea (black) seems lighter, and the jasmine less pronounced. I've had two cups of this today, and I've given both of them 3 minutes in boiling water. The resulting liquor is golden brown, and probably too light to withstand milk, so I made no additions.
The orange flavouring is deliciously creamy, and it's the primary taste. The jasmine emerges mostly in the aftertaste, or at least at the very end of the sip, and adds a rich, heady note to the sweet, juicy orange. Neither flavour is 100% natural tasting to my mind, but neither are they outrageously artificial. It's just middle of the road flavoured tea. Pleasant, but not a repurchase.
The name of this one is so apt! Just opening the bag and smelling the sweet aroma of apricot and tropical fruit made me think of holiday sunshine and happier days. I'm going for cheering teas today, since that seems to be what I need. This actually came as a free sample with a Della Terra order I placed a good while ago, so it's about time it got an airing!
I gave 1 tsp of leaf 2.5 minutes in water cooled to around 175. It smells delightful while brewing — light, fruity notes of apricot, tinged with the deeper pepperiness of mango. The liquor is a golden sunshine yellow! The taste of this one is very similar to the scent. The initial flavours are apricot and peach, and they're juicy and fruity. The flavour deepens with notes of mango, which adds a layer of stronger flavour and a slight peppery edge. The sip finishes on a tropical note, with, I think, guava. There might be a hint of pineapple, but I won't swear to that. It could well be wishful thinking! The green base is pretty unobtrusive — it doesn't stand a chance against the strong fruit flavours! I could actually be fooled into believing I was drinking a glass of fruit juice if I didn't know better — it's that fruity and juicy! A wonderful choice for a hot day — it's certainly put a smile on my face!
I forgot about this one while it was steeping last night, and left it for around 7/8 minutes. When I got back to the kitchen, the whole room smelled of mead. Rich honey with a floral edge. The taste was stronger than previous cups have been, so obviously a good long brew is the key if a deeper taste is required. I've found this to be the case with various rooibos blends, although sometimes it just makes the rooibos more prominent. Not here; if anything, the rooibos fades into the background underneath the strength of the honey.
I can see myself drinking this either way depending on my mood. Last night I needed comforting as I'd got myself completely stressed about work, and the soothing taste of honey was just the thing to ensure I calmed down a bit and at least got a reasonable night's sleep. I also like the lightness of flavour that can be found when this is brewed for maybe 4/5 minutes rather than 7/8.
This is a very versatile tea, excellent for those who like honey. Winnie the Pooh would be proud!
I used up the last two bags of this for today's work cold brew. I think I'm getting a cold, probably stress induced, so I wanted to stick with a familiar flavour until I work out whether it's going to develop into something awful again or not. There are few things as sad as trying to taste a new tea while you have a cold :(
So, anyway. I can still taste things okay today, and this makes a very pleasant drink on a hot day. I was concerned at first that spiced tea would taste too heavy and cloying, but it doesn't at all. It's light and refreshing, and particularly good when it's fresh from the fridge and nice and cold. This one will ensure I survive Thursday at work.
I've been drinking a lot of light, refreshing teas over the last few days, largely because it's been so hot. In an office with over 60 people and computers, it's pretty unbearable at times. That's one reason why I picked this one out to try — we've also been crazy busy, and a teabag is faster and more convenient when I'm desperate for a drink but also in a hurry to get back to my desk.
I allowed the water to cool to around 180 before adding the bag. Dry, there isn't a great deal of scent. I gave it 2 minutes 30, which is my fallback standard for white teas. Brewed, this is a mild and delicate tea. I can definitely detect notes of ginger, but there's also the tiniest hint of lemon lurking in the background. The white tea adds a slightly floral edge. It's an overwhelmingly clean taste, and very, very refreshing. Easy to drink quickly! I imagine it would be good cold, although I don't have enough left to try that, sadly. This is one of the few mighty leaf blends I would consider repurchasing, particularly for the summer months.


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Phyllis Schneck, McAfee's chief technology officer and vice president of the security software company's global sector, will be named undersecretary of cybersecurity at the Department of Homeland Security, say sources familiar with DHS cybersecurity operations.
Although DHS and McAfee wouldn't confirm the move, industry sources have said Schneck will be named undersecretary after Acting Undersecretary Bruce McConnell departs. McConnell said in July that he planned to leave in August to return to the private sector.
With her deep background in high-performance computing and cryptography, Schneck emerged as strong candidate for the job in July, as the department searched for a permanent replacement after McConnell's departure. She serves as chairman of the board of directors of the National Cyberforensics and Training Alliance, a partnership among government, law enforcement and the private sector that provides information analytics that have been used to prosecute cyber criminals worldwide.
At McAfee, Schneck is responsible for public sector security and global threat intelligence applications, strategic thought leadership around technology and policy in cybersecurity, and initiatives in adaptive security and intelligence in networks for critical infrastructure protection and cross-sector cyber security.
McConnell became acting undersecretary in April after Mark Weatherford left DHS for the Chertoff Group consultancy after about a year-and-a-half on the job. McConnell had been DHS's senior counselor for cybersecurity before taking on the role of acting undersecretary.
Schneck will take over at a challenging time for DHS cybersecurity, which is in the midst of two major tasks: Carrying out the president's cybersecurity executive order and expanding its internal cybersecurity efforts.
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Senior Gabreille Catanzariti
Jan. 24, 2013
BUFFALO, N.Y. – Coming off a season-opening 6-1 victory against St. Francis, the University of Pittsburgh women's tennis team will take on the University at Buffalo this Saturday afternoon. First serve at the UB Tennis Center is set for 1 p.m.
The Panthers defeated the Red Flash 6-1 last Sunday by sweeping all three doubles contests, and winning five of six singles matches. Pitt is now 23-0 all-time against St. Francis and is 10-1 in its last 11 season-opening matches.
Pitt's top doubles tandem of Jocelyn Lu and Taylor Washington look to make it 10-consecutive doubles wins dating back to the fall season. The duo won the St. Joseph's Invitational and the Navy Blue and Gold Invitational this fall, then opened the spring season with a victory in first doubles against St. Francis.
This is the first match of the spring for the Bulls. Buffalo played to an overall record of 7-12 in 2012 and returns six players from a year ago, while only losing one. Pitt and Buffalo last met two seasons ago in Buffalo as the Bulls came out victorious with a narrow 4-3 victory.
Following this weekend at Buffalo, Pitt opens a four-match home stand beginning on February 2, against Georgetown. Included in that home stand will be matches against St. Bonaventure, Bucknell and St. John's.
Blakely Wins Doubles at ITA Summer Circuit in Kansas
Pitt Tennis Has Impressive Showing at ITA Summer Circuit
Taylor Washington Named Women's Tennis Assistant Coach
Pitt Tennis Has Strong Showing at Mary Washington Invitational
Castro Named to All-ACC Academic Women's Tennis Team


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