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The Theatrical Minions, a new youth improv comedy group at St. James, will make their debut on Sunday, June 28, 2015. The group consists of several young people ranging in age from 4-16 and is directed by our very own Audrianna Goodman. The show begins at 5 pm.
The Theatrical Minions have been working diligently on improv games to create laughs for the whole family. We welcome people from across the community to come and see them in action. We are requesting a $5 donation from adults, which will go toward the church's youth ministry team, and a non-perishable canned good for the St. James food pantry from all attendees 17 and under.
Download the flier to share with others. Call (574) 294-4950 for advance tickets. Tickets will also be available at the door.


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I warned you hundres times, DON'T touch my gun! by ZummengWatch
©2012-2015 Zummeng
lol scoutsface makes me laugh so hard!!! :3
I can't...stop laughin'....AT THAT FACE!! AAAAAAAAAAAAAHHHHHHHHHHHHAHAHAHAHHAHAHAHAHAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAHAHAHAHAAAAA!!!!!!!!!!
I an't helping the scout on that -_- ((i'm laughing so hard at scout's face))
Jackass: The TF2 edition.
Looks like they're fooling around xD <3

subset: commoncrawl


text:
There was a wonderful selection of breakfast items to eat and a clean and very large comfortable room to eat it in. Lots of good coffee. Rooms to sleep were very clean as were the bathrooms with lots of hot water. Both the hot tub and pool were very clean and warm. Lots of clean towels too.
- Reservation Options:
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- Also Known As:
- Hampton Inn Horse Cave Hotel Horse Cave
- Horse Cave Hampton Inn


text:
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text:
How Vitamin D May Affect Heart Disease, Diabetes »
" Type 2 diabetes usually begins with insulin resistance, a condition in which the body produces insulin but isn't able to use it effectively. As a result, glucose builds up in blood and may ultimately damage nerves, blood vessels, and other b"...
Read the How Vitamin D May Affect Heart Disease, Diabetes article »
(Generic versions may still be available.)
Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, epigastric pain, ataxia, labored respiration, convulsions, coma. Possible symptoms, seen after overdosage with other pyrazolone derivatives: anemia, jaundice, ulceration.
No specific antidote. Induce emesis; gastric lavage; supportive treatment (intravenous glucose infusions, analeptics).
Patients with an active peptic ulcer or symptoms of gastrointestinal inflammation or ulceration should not receive the drug.
The drug is contraindicated in patients with a history or the presence of:
1. Hypersensitivity to phenylbutazone or other pyrazoles
2. Blood dyacrasias
Last reviewed on RxList: 12/8/2004
This monograph has been modified to include the generic and brand name in many instances.
Anturane FDA Prescribing Information
Additional Anturane Information
Report Problems to the Food and Drug Administration
You are encouraged to report negative side effects of prescription drugs to the FDA. Visit the FDA MedWatch website or call 1-800-FDA-1088.
Women's Health
Find out what women really need.


text:
Oxblood lilies pop up after first fall rain
Maybe last week's inch of rain — the first in two months — wasn't technically the first fall rain. After all, it still sweltered into the 90s that day and the day after. But by the reckoning of the oxblood lilies (Rhodophiala bifida), the soil is refreshed and summer's back is broken. Who am I to argue?
One good rain after the long, hot summer of dormancy, and these tough Argentine natives thrust themselves out of the soil and unfurl their bright red petals. We Austinites cheer for their arrival, which signals an end to the insufferable summer heat and the beginning of the fall bloom season.
American beautyberry (Callicarpa americana) has been proclaiming the same for a couple of weeks, but I admit I wait for the oxbloods to be convinced. Now that the berries are fully purple, it won't be long until the mockingbirds enjoy a fall feast and strip the branches bare. I'll enjoy them while I can.
Last year I added a Mexican beautyberry (Callicarpa acuminata) to my garden, and I'm loving the darker purple berry clusters — almost black in a certain light.
A fleeting double blossom opened on the pond crinum (Crinum procerum 'Splendens') today.
The pale-pink, ribbon-like petals with raspberry stamens stand out so prettily against the strappy, burgundy-black leaves.
Candy pink rain lilies (Zephryanthes 'Labuffarosea') were enticed back into bloom by the rain too.
Stalwart native Turk's cap (Malvaviscus arboreus var. drummondii) hasn't stopped blooming since early summer. But just because it's dependable doesn't mean I take it for granted. Turk's cap draws hummingbirds to my garden every day, and now that they're fueling up for their fall migration, a feeding stop is more important than ever.
Any definitive signs of fall in your garden? And does that make you happy or melancholy? Just please tell me you're not turning your attention to Christmas decor already.
All material © 2006-2015 by Pam Penick for Digging. Unauthorized reproduction prohibited.


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text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Jun 18, 2002
|Filing date
|Oct 25, 1999
|Priority date
|Nov 25, 1998
|Fee status
|Publication number
|Wen-Yen Hwang, Yucai Zhou, Zuhua Zhu, Yu-hwa Lo
|Original Assignee
|Applied Optoelectronics, Inc.
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (2), Non-Patent Citations (5), Referenced by (35), Classifications (37), Legal Events (8)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This application claims priority from U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/110,009, filed Nov. 25, 1998, which is hereby incorporated by reference herein.
This invention relates to semiconductor device fabrication methods, and in particular to the formation of optoelectronic and electronic semiconductor devices.
It is very difficult to grow high quality thin film materials on conventional prior art substrates with a large lattice mismatch. Such substrates include but are not limited to Si, GaAs, InP, GaP, GaSb, InAs, and sapphire. In the prior art, either a thick buffer layer has to be grown on the substrate, as shown in U.S. Pat. No. 5,285,086, or a special technique, such as the lateral growth method, as disclosed by Parillaud and et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 68, 2654, 1996, was employed before the growth of the device structure layers. It is known that defects, in particular threaded dislocations, induced by the lattice mismatch can be reduced from 1011 per square centimeter to 105 per square centimeter by using the lateral growth method. It is difficult to grow reliable epitaxial layers that can be used to fabricate optoelectronic or other electronic devices, due to the high density of the threaded dislocation defects. Prior art substrates exhibit either lattice mismatch or optical absorption that render them unsuitable for use in the growth of optoelectronic or electronic devices.
One such prior art substrate is GaSB. This material is the only material that has served in the prior art as the substrate for type II Sb-based optoelectronic devices, is GaSb. However, commercially available GaSb substrates either have high defect density, greater than 104 per square centimeter, or poor quality in surface smoothness. In contrast, GaAs substrates are characterized by relatively high surface smoothness. The typical FWHM value of a low defect density GaAs substrate is less than 20 arc seconds compared to greater than 100 arc seconds for GaSb substrates. Indeed, GaSb substrates from some vendors have surface roughness that can be observed using optical microscopes with low magnification.
A further disadvantage of using prior art GaSb substrates in optoelectronic devices is the strong absorption of GaSb at wavelengths shorter than 1530 nm. Referring to FIG. 1, there is shown a prior art technique with a sub-mount 112, bonding material 115 on submount 112, GaSb substrate 120 on bonding material 115, and epitaxial layer 125 on substrate 120. Due to the strong absorption of GaSb, a fabricated laser bar has to be attached to the sub-mount using this configuration, known as an epi-up configuration. In the epi-up configuration, heat removal from the active region, i.e., epitaxial layer 125, requires conduction of heat through the GaSb substrate, which has poor thermal conductivity. Even when the substrate has been thinned down to 70 nm, heat removal from the laser active region and across the GaSb substrate is still not efficient. This poor efficiency in removing heat from the active region causes the active region to heat up. Higher temperatures in the active region will increase internal loss and threshold pump power density and reduce the laser output power.
Since, as noted above, high quality GaAs substrate, characterized by a low occurrence of defects, is commercially available and as GaAs does not absorb strongly around the 980 nm wavelength, it would be highly desirable to grow Sb-base type-II optically pumped laser devices on a GaAs substrate. However, the lattice mismatch between AlSb or GaSb, and GaAs is 7.8%. A lattice mismatch such as this between the substrate and the epitaxial thin film is sufficiently great as to induce high defect density, greater than 1011 cm−2, in the epitaxial thin film. It is difficult to fabricate reliable and high power mid-infrared (IR) lasers, or any other electronic device, from a high defect-density epitaxial layer.
A high quality compliant universal (CU) substrate is needed to grow antimony based, nitrogen-based, and phosphor (P)-based optoelectronic or electronic devices. In the prior art, Lo proposed, in U.S. Pat. No. 5,294,808, issued Mar. 15, 1994, to use a thin substrate having a thickness on the same order as the critical thickness (the thickness at which defects form when growing one lattice mismatched material on another). A disadvantage of this approach is that the critical thickness is only few hundred angstroms, and it is difficult to sustain the mechanical and chemical processes required for epitaxial growth and device fabrication on a substrate having a thickness of only a few hundred angstroms.
A CU substrate fabricated by twist bonding AlGaAs/GaAs to GaAs has been demonstrated (Z. H. Zhu et al., IEEE J. Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics 3, 927, 1997) to be a candidate for a suitable CU substrate. However, it is very difficult to etch GaAs substrate away from AlGaAs thin film with a good yield. Jet etching has been used as the tool to etch away GaAs in a reasonable time frame. The liquid acid jet pressure applied on the substrate surface enhances the GaAs etch rate but also causes damage in the thin compliant substrate. It is thus more labor intensive and more difficult to manufacture a substrate of this type because it is necessary during the jet etching process to monitor continuously for possible damage to the thin CU substrate.
To address the problem of lattice mismatch between Sb-base thin films used in Mid-IR (MIR) optoelectronic devices and any other III-V heteroepitaxy layer, a CU substrate is needed that can grow high quality epitaxial thin film with lattice mismatch up to 20%. This new CU substrate should be able to grow any high quality III-V thin film and also sustain both sample preparation before and during epitaxial growth and device fabrication after epitaxial growth using molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) or MOCVD.
Additional objects and advantages of the invention will become evident from the detailed description of a preferred embodiment which follows.
According to the present invention, a compliant substrate has a base layer and a thin-film layer thereon and loosely bonded thereto. The thin-film layer has a high degree of lattice flexibility.
According to another aspect of the present invention, a compliant substrate has a base layer and a thin-film layer thereon. The base layer and the thin-film layer have different lattice constants, and are bonded together with or without twisting bonding.
The features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following detailed description of a number of preferred embodiments thereof, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a cross-section of a prior art structure for use in optoelectronic devices.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating a generic layered structure employed in the present invention to form defect-free epitaxial layers on compliant thin substrates.
FIGS. 3A, B, C, D, and E are schematic illustrations of the process employed to fabricate a CU substrate in accordance with the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration of a CU substrate constructed in accordance with the present invention.
FIG. 5 is an output power measurement of an optically pumped type-H QW laser grown on a GaAs compliant substrate.
FIG. 6 is an output power measurement of optically pumped type-H QW laser grown on a GaSb substrate.
FIG. 7 is a schematic illustration of the epi-down configuration for laser mounting in output power measurement.
Turning now to a detailed consideration of embodiments of the present invention, FIG. 2 illustrates a CU substrate 10, which may be constructed in accordance with any of the preferred materials and techniques set forth below. The CU substrate 10 is a multiple layer structure having a thick bulk material base layer 12 and a compliant thin film substrate layer 14 which is bonded to the bulk material base layer 12 at a bonding interface 16. The compliant thin film substrate layer 14 serves as the actual substrate that supports an epitaxial layer or epilayer 18 grown thereon. Thin film substrate layer 14 preferably has a thickness on the order of 20 nm or less. Thin film substrate layer 14 is mechanically robust because it is bonded to the base layer 12. It should be noted that the bonding interface 16 may actually comprise a thin interfacial layer which may vanish, or be as thin as one atomic layer or as thick as a few hundred angstroms.
The bulk material base layer 12 may be any suitable substrate material, such as commercially available high quality substrate material, such as Si, GaAs, InP, or GaP. The thin film substrate layer 14 can be made from either the same or a different material than that employed in the base layer 12.
Theoretical analysis has been conducted which shows that when the thin film substrate layer 14 is loosely bonded to the supporting bulk material base layer 12, the substrate layer 14 becomes more compliant. The phrase loosely bonded means that the bonding energy in the interface between the atoms in the base layer 12 and the atoms in the substrate layer 14 is lower than the bonding energy of the atoms in either the base layer 12 or the substrate layer 14 themselves. It should be noted that the fact that the thin film substrate layer 14 is loosely bonded to the base layer 12 does not mean that the thin film substrate layer 14 could be easily separated from the base layer 12. The strength of the bond between thin film substrate layer 14 and the base layer 12 can be as strong as the internal bonding force in the base layer 12. Through the lattice engineering employed in the present invention, the lattice of the bonded thin film substrate 14 can be made highly flexible without weakening the mechanical strength of the resulting CU substrate.
In a CU substrate, it is desirable to fabricate a structure in which all of the defects are contained in the thin substrate layer 14. This substrate may be referred to as a compliant substrate. Epitaxial layers without defects can be achieved at the expense of the substrate which collect all the dislocations. Other mechanisms, such as creating slips, microcracks and other types of plastic deformation in the thin substrate layer also contribute to the compliance function of the substrate.
In forming a CU substrate it is desirable to create a thin template with a highly flexible lattice structure to accommodate epitaxial films of different lattice constants. Here it should be stressed that the lattice flexibility is not through a change of the lattice constant uniformly across the template. Instead, the lattice flexibility refers to local change of lattice structure at an atomic scale through lattice engineering techniques. In a CU substrate for epitaxial growth, the thin film substrate or compliant substrate is preferably loosely bonded to the material underneath, and the compliant substrate is preferably very thin. In all preferred embodiments of the present invention, the crystal structure of the substrate material itself is employed to define the structure size, and the microstructure of twist boundaries or lattice mismatch boundaries are used to achieve the desirable lattice compliance properties. Using this scheme, the substrate surface appears to be the same as a standard substrate except that, microscopically, atoms on and near the surface become much more flexible. As a result, those atoms are much more compliant to the material grown thereon.
Referring now to FIGS. 3A-E, a method according to the present invention will be explained. As illustrated in FIGS. 3A and 3B, first and second wafers 100 and 102 are provided, each of which is formed from a suitable bulk substrate material. Examples of suitable bulk substrate materials are Si, GaAs, InP, GaSb, GaP, and InAs. It should be emphasized that any suitable material may be employed as the bulk substrate material, including both semiconductor and non-semiconductor materials. First wafer 100 may undergo a surface treatment process to form a treated top surface 104, as shown in FIG. 3A. The surface treatment process may be, for example, a dip of the substrate in an HF solution to provide a hydrophobic surface. In one aspect of the invention, shown in FIG. 3C, an etch stop layer 106 is then formed on second wafer 102. Etch stop layer 106 may be any suitable material usable as an etch stop layer, such as AlGaAs, InGaP and InAlP. A thin film layer 108 is formed on etch stop layer 106 using any suitable conventional technique. Alternatively, thin film layer 108 is formed directly on the second wafer 102, as shown in FIG. 3B.
Next, as illustrated in FIG. 3D, the second wafer 102 is inverted relative to the first wafer 100, and the thin film layer 108 is bonded to the top surface 104 of the first wafer 100. The joining of the two wafers 100 and 102 can be through Van Der Waals force, hydrogen bond, covalent bond, ionic bond or any other mechanism, and results in formation of a bonding interface 110, shown in FIG. 3E. Bonding interface 110 may, but need not, include a finite thickness interfacial layer. Pressure may be applied during the step of wafer bonding. Depending on the detailed process conditions and the bonding mechanisms, the applied pressure can vary from zero to 10 MPascal or higher. Finally, as illustrated in FIG. 3E, the second wafer 102 is removed by a selective etching technique. Etch stop layer 106 may be used to prevent removal of thin film layer 108. The exposed thin film layer 108 can be used as a compliant substrate platform for epitaxial growth, while the first wafer 100 now becomes the supporting bulk material base layer.
The three examples below illustrate particular materials that may be employed in the method described above with reference to FIGS. 3A-3E.
1) GaInAs/InP
Thin film 108 is an InGaAs thin film with an In content between 30% to 75%. Its thickness is from 3 nm to 30 nm. Second wafer or second substrate 102 is of InP. Since the lattice constant of GaInAs is similar to that of InP, no defects are formed in the epitaxial growth of thin film layer 108. This thin film 108 is either directly bonded or twist bonded to substrate 100, which may be of GaAs, InP, Si, sapphire, SiC, Ge, GaP, InAs, or GaSb.
2) InP/GaInAs/InP
Substrate 102 is of InP. Referring to FIG. 3C, a GaInAs buffer layer 106, having a thickness of more than 400 angstroms is grown on the substrate 102 before the growth of the InP thin film 108. Since GaInAs has similar lattice constants to InP, no defects are formed in the grown epitaxial InP layer 108. Thin film layer 108 can be either directly bonded or twist bonded to substrate 100, which may be any of GaAs, Ge, GaP, InP, Si, SiC, InAs, sapphire, and GaSb.
3) GaSb/InAs or InAs/GaSb
Substrate 102 is of InAs or GaSb. Thin-film layer 108 is of the other one of InAs and GaSb, and has a thickness between 3 nm and 30 nm. As the lattice mismatch between InAs and GaSb is less than 0.7%, the GaSb or InAs thin film is not relaxed and no defects should be formed in epitaxial thin film layer 108. Thin film layer 108 can either be direct bonded or twist bonded to substrate 100, which may be any of GaAs, InP, Si, Ge, SiC, sapphire, InAs, GaSb, and GaP.
These are just a few examples of materials for use in the fabrication of CU substrates in accordance with the present invention. There are many other ways to achieve CU substrate with different III-V materials; however the principle is the same as the above examples.
The use of twist bonding, as discussed below, increases lattice flexibility of the thin film substrate layer 108 and therefore helps in assuring that thin film layer 108 is compliant enough to permit growth of defect free lattice mismatched epitaxial layers thereon.
Formation and Microstructures of Twist and Direct Bounding
With reference to FIG. 4, a CU substrate 150 is illustrated comprising a thin film substrate layer 152 and a supporting bulk material base layer 154. Bulk material base layer 154 may be of any suitable material, such as commercially-available wafers. Examples of different combinations of materials which can be employed for the substrate layer 152/base layer 154 include, but are not limited to, the following: GaInAs/GaAs, GaInAs/Si, GaInAs/GaP, GaAs/GaP, InP/GaAs, InP/Si, and GaSb/Si. The most important feature is that the two materials forming the substrate and base layers have different lattice constants. With different lattice constants in the base layer and the thin film layer, the layers can be bonded together either by a direct bond, which would be illustrated by FIG. 4 with an angle θ of zero degrees, or by a twist bond, which would be illustrated by FIG. 4 with an angle>0, to form a CU substrate.
A bonded thin film layer behaves as a CU substrate. It is believed that this behavior is for the following reasons. When the top and bottom atoms are largely misaligned or have different lattice constants, some atoms become rather flexible in the surface normal direction. On the other hand, in the area enclosed by screw dislocations, atoms are well aligned as in a bulk crystal so there is no such flexibility. Hence, these atomically aligned regions function as anchored regions. In the case of a twist bond, the spacing between screw dislocations is reduced when the angle increases. This will reduce the isolated-anchored regions, which will vanish at a sufficiently large angle. At such an angle, a nearly ideal compliant substrate for the growth of a large lattice mismatch epitaxial layer is created, as almost all atoms will exhibit flexibility. The direct bonding of materials with two different lattice constants does not have the same flexibility as twist bonding. However, direct bonding is still useful for the growth of small lattice mismatch epitaxial layers.
Growth of High-power Mid-IR type III Quantum-well Lasers on Compliant Substrates
Optically pumped type-II QW lasers have been grown on a direct bond (illustrated by FIG. 4 with an angle equal to 0) GaInAs/GaAs compliant substrate. The incident power vs. output power at various temperatures for laser structures grown on the CU substrate is shown in FIG. 5. For comparison, the same laser structure has been grown on a GaSb substrate and the incident power vs. output power at various temperatures is shown in FIG. 6. It is clear from the 80 K data that the laser grown on the GaSb substrate has a differential quantum efficiency (DQE) of 7.7% compared to 7.2% for the laser grown on the compliant substrate. The threshold pump power density is about 1000 W/CM2 for both samples at 80 K as can be seen from FIGS. 5 and 6. Since the threshold pump power density at low temperature is determined by the defect related non-radiative recombination, the quality of the material grown on the compliant substrate is as good as the quality of the material grown on GaSb substrate. This device has been tested under high-power conditions for many days with no observed degradation of performance. This test proves the reliability of the laser grown on the compliant substrate.
The present invention provides CU substrates that may be formed from conventional semiconductor and other bulk material, which facilitates growth of highly lattice mismatched defect-free epitaxial layers. This is accomplished through provision of the thin substrate layer, which is highly flexible due to the decreased bonding energy between base layer 12 and thin film substrate layer 14, as shown in FIG. 2. The present invention thereby facilitates the formation of a wide range of devices, which were previously not feasible to construct due to lattice mismatch constraints. As examples, the following is a list of some potential applications of the CU substrate structures and methods of the present invention:
(1) High Power Mid-Infrared Lasers.
Sb-base optically pumped type-IIQW or superlattice (SL) lasers at 2 to 10 μm can be grown on the GaAs compliant substrates. The laser active region may be made of, by way of example only, either InAs/InGaAlSb/InAs/InAlSb type-II QWs or InAs/InGaAlSb type-III SLs. The advantage of growing lasers on the GaAs compliant substrate is that the laser may be bonded onto the submount with the epi-down configuration as shown in FIG. 7. In FIG. 7, there is provided sub-mount 112, with bonding material 115 thereon, epitaxial layer 125 on bonding material 115, and substrate 120 on epitaxial layer 125. This structure contrasts with the prior art epi-up configuration shown in FIG. 1. By using the epi-down configuration of FIG. 7, the maximum laser output power can be dramatically improved, as there is better heat removal capability from the laser active region, as there is no need to attempt to conduct heat across a GaSb substrate layer.
(2) Mid-Infrared (IR) and IR Photodetectors.
High performance IR photodetectors at 2 to 25 μm can be composed of, for example, InAlGaAs/InAlGaSb type-II SLs. In the prior art, these materials were grown on GaSb or InAs substrates, to which the photodetector materials can be lattice matched. This prior art structure has the disadvantage that both InAs and GaSb substrates highly absorb radiation at wavelengths longer than 5 μm. Therefore, using such prior art substrates, epi-side down mounting to the read out circuits is very difficult to use. Using the teachings of the invention, IR photodetectors can be grown on large bandgap compliant substrates, and hence photodetectors can be integrated with readout circuits using the epi-down configuration to allow light to pass from the compliant substrate. The compliant substrate can be used as a filter to filter out radiation in the visible and UV spectrum.
(3) Visible and UV Laser diodes.
Red, orange, and yellow/green diode lasers can be achieved through growth of InGaAlP heterostructures on GaAs CU substrates without restriction to available lattice-matched substrates. High-quality InGaN/AlGaN ultraviolet, blue, and green lasers can be grown on compliant substrates; such lasers are characterized by long lifetimes and low defect densities. In the prior art, these devices are grown on sapphire or SiC substrates with a large lattice mismatch. This produces very high defect density and results in lasers with short lifetimes. These lasers can be used, for example, in displays, DVD for optical data storage, medical applications, and chemical sensors to monitor band to band transition for gas species.
(4) High Temperature, High-Power, High Voltage Electronic Devices.
Transistors composed of InGaAIN and SiC heterostructures can sustain high voltage and high temperature, and can deliver high power. These are attractive features for the power industry and the microwave communication industry. The electrical properties of InGaAIN and SiC compounds grown on CU substrates are much superior to those grown on other mismatched substrates in both carrier mobility and breakdown voltage.
(5) High-Efficiency Visible LEDs.
Red, orange, and yellow/green LEDs can be fabricated through the growth of InGaAlP heterostructures on GaAs-based CU substrates. LEDs from red to UV wavelengths can be fabricated with InGaN/InGaAlN heterostructures grown on Si, or other CU substrates. CU substrates are more attractive than the sapphire or SiC substrates used in the prior art from the standpoint of both cost and electrical properties.
(6) Optoelectronic integrated circuits and electronic circuits with mixed material.
III-V compound lasers can be integrated to Si circuits more easily using CU substrates than in prior art integration techniques like flip chip bonding and epitaxial lift off. It is also possible, using CU substrates, to work on the whole wafer; in prior art flip chip bonding and epitaxial lift off techniques, only a fraction of the wafer could be worked on at one time.
It will be understood that while the invention has been explained with reference to preferred embodiments, the invention is not limited to those embodiments, and variations may be made by those of skill in the art without departure from the spirit and scope of the invention.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Oct 23, 1992
|Mar 15, 1994
|Cornell Research Foundation, Inc.
|Pseudomorphic and dislocation free heteroepitaxial structures
|Sep 18, 1997
|Nov 9, 1999
|Cornell Research Foundation, Inc.
|Compliant universal substrate for epitaxial growth
|"Dislocation-free InSb grown on GaAs compliant universal substrates," F.E. Ejeckham, M.L. Seaford, Y.H. Lo, H.Q. Hou, and B.E. Hammons, Appl. Phys. Lett. 71 (6), Aug. 11, 1997, pp. 776-778.*
|"Dynamic model for pseudomorphic structures grwon on compliant substrates: An approach to extend the critical thickness," D. Teng and Y.H. Lo, Appl. Phys. Lett. 62 (1), Jan. 4, 1993, pp. 43-45.*
|"Growth of InGaAs multi-quantum wells at 1.3 um wavelength on GaAs compliant substrates," Z.H. Zhu, R. Zhou, F.E. Ejeckham, Z. Zhang, J. Zhang, J. Greenberg, and Y.H. Lo, Appl. Phys. Lett. 72 (20) May 18, 1998, pp. 2598-2600.
|"Lattice engineered compliant substrate for detect-free heteroeptiaxial growth," F.E. Ejeckam, Y.H. Lo, S. Subramanian, H.Q. Hou and B.E. Hammons, Appl. Phys. Lett. 70(13), Mar. 31, 1997, pp. 1685-1687.*
|"X-ray interference effect as a tool for the structural investigation of GaInAs/InP multiple quantum wells," T. Marschner, J. Brubach, C.A. Verschuren, M.R> Leys, and J.H. Wolter, J. of Appl. Phys. 83 (7), Apr. 1, 1998, pp. 3630-3637.*
|Citing Patent
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|Nov 8, 2001
|Jul 1, 2003
|Intel Corporation
|Integrated circuit device with covalently bonded connection structure
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|Jun 8, 2004
|Applied Optoelectronics, Inc.
|Alternative substrates for epitaxial growth
|Nov 26, 2002
|May 1, 2007
|Intel Corporation
|Decreasing thermal contact resistance at a material interface
|Mar 23, 2004
|Apr 22, 2008
|Uv Craftory Co., Ltd.
|Filter function-equipped optical sensor and flame sensor
|Apr 7, 2006
|Mar 30, 2010
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|System and method for manufacturing thick and thin film devices using a donee layer cleaved from a crystalline donor
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|Methods for relaxation and transfer of strained layers and structures fabricated thereby
|Dec 18, 2008
|Aug 2, 2011
|Intel Corporation
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|Oct 29, 2010
|Oct 11, 2011
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|Semiconductor buffer architecture for III-V devices on silicon substrates
|Dec 22, 2008
|Nov 1, 2011
|S.O.I. Tec Silicon On Insulator Technologies
|Methods and structures for relaxation of strained layers
|Aug 2, 2006
|Mar 27, 2012
|Intel Corporation
|Stacking fault and twin blocking barrier for integrating III-V on Si
|Apr 5, 2011
|May 8, 2012
|Forming structures that include a relaxed or pseudo-relaxed layer on a substrate
|Dec 15, 2005
|May 22, 2012
|Intel Corporation
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|Mar 1, 2011
|Oct 23, 2012
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|CMOS devices with a single work function gate electrode and method of fabrication
|Jun 23, 2008
|Jan 29, 2013
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|Stress in trigate devices using complimentary gate fill materials
|Mar 21, 2008
|Jun 11, 2013
|Asahi Kasei Emd Corporation
|Compound semiconductor lamination, method for manufacturing the same, and semiconductor device
|Apr 27, 2012
|Jul 9, 2013
|Relaxation of strained layers
|Apr 7, 2011
|Jul 23, 2013
|Methods for relaxation and transfer of strained layers and structures fabricated thereby
|Sep 23, 2011
|Aug 6, 2013
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|Nonplanar device with thinned lower body portion and method of fabrication
|Apr 18, 2012
|Aug 27, 2013
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|Extreme high mobility CMOS logic
|Oct 20, 2011
|Nov 12, 2013
|Intel Corporation
|Semiconductor device structures and methods of forming semiconductor structures
|Feb 3, 2012
|Dec 31, 2013
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|Stacking fault and twin blocking barrier for integrating III-V on Si
|Jan 28, 2013
|Mar 4, 2014
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|Field effect transistor with narrow bandgap source and drain regions and method of fabrication
|Jan 25, 2013
|Jun 3, 2014
|Intel Corporation
|Stress in trigate devices using complimentary gate fill materials
|Jun 3, 2013
|Jun 10, 2014
|Intel Corporation
|Nonplanar device with thinned lower body portion and method of fabrication
|Aug 8, 2013
|Aug 12, 2014
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|Extreme high mobility CMOS logic
|Dec 20, 2013
|Aug 26, 2014
|Intel Corporation
|Field effect transistor with narrow bandgap source and drain regions and method of fabrication
|Jul 2, 2009
|Dec 16, 2014
|Stiffening layers for the relaxation of strained layers
|Oct 8, 2013
|Jan 13, 2015
|Intel Corporation
|Semiconductor device structures and methods of forming semiconductor structures
|Aug 21, 2014
|Jun 2, 2015
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|Nov 26, 2002
|May 27, 2004
|Prosenjit Ghosh
|Decreasing thermal contact resistance at a material interface
|Apr 7, 2006
|Nov 2, 2006
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|System and method for manufacturing thick and thin film devices using a donee layer cleaved from a crystalline donor
|Mar 23, 2004
|Jan 11, 2007
|Akira Hirano
|Filter function-equipped optical sensor and flame sensor
|Mar 21, 2008
|Apr 15, 2010
|Asahi Kasei Emd Corporation
|Compound Semiconductor Lamination, Method for Manufacturing the same, and Semiconductor Device
|U.S. Classification
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Jan 8, 2001
|Jan 4, 2006
|Maintenance fee reminder mailed
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I was a perpetual seeker. Because of an innate sense that there was something wrong with me and a belief I picked up as a child that I was âoebad,â I constantly looked outside of myself to find respite, feel loved, and to know my worth.
Even though my unhealthy relationship was dysfunctional, that man gave me a gift that I wouldnât discover for years. There was something he always said to me that would have saved me from grasping to know myself for so many years, if only I could have really heard it and made it my own.
Whether he meant it or not, he would say: Whatâs not to love about you?


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St. Gregory Nazianzus
ep. 131 - AD 382
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"We as Catholics have not properly combated (the culture) because we have not been taught our Catholic Faith, especially in the depth needed to address these grave evils of our time. This is a failure of catechesis both of children and young people that has been going on for fifty years. It is being addressed, but it needs much more radical attention... What has also contributed greatly to the situation is an exaltation of the virtue of tolerance which is falsely seen as the virtue which governs all other virtues. In other words, we should tolerate other people in their immoral actions to the extent that we seem also to accept the moral wrong. Tolerance is a virtue, but it is certainly not the principal virtue; the principal virtue is charity... Charity means speaking the truth. I have encountered it (not speaking the truth) many times myself as a priest and bishop. It is something we simply need to address. There is far too much silence — people do not want to talk about it because the topic is not 'politically correct.' But we cannot be silent any longer."
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Grant unto thy Church, we beseech Thee, O merciful God, that She, being gathered together by the Holy Ghost, may be in no wise troubled by attack from her foes. O God, who by sin art offended and by penance pacified, mercifully regard the prayers of Thy people making supplication unto Thee,and turn away the scourges of Thine anger which we deserve for our sins. Almighty and Everlasting God, in whose Hand are the power and the government of every realm: look down upon and help the Christian people that the heathen nations who trust in the fierceness of their own might may be crushed by the power of thine Arm. Through our Lord Jesus Christ, Thy Son, who liveth and reigneth with Thee in the unity of the Holy Ghost, God, world without end. R. Amen.
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"The legalization of the termination of pregnancy is none other than the authorization given to an adult, with the approval of an established law, to take the lives of children yet unborn and thus incapable of defending themselves. It is difficult to imagine a more unjust situation, and it is very difficult to speak of obsession in a matter such as this, where we are dealing with a fundamental imperative of every good conscience — the defense of the right to life of an innocent and defenseless human being."
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"Only one sin is nowadays severely punished: the attentive observance of the traditions of our Fathers. For that reason the good ones are thrown out of their places and brought to the desert."
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"One of the most dangerous errors is that civilization is automatically bound to increase and spread. The lesson of history is the opposite; civilization is a rarity, attained with difficulty and easily lost. The normal state of humanity is barbarism, just as the normal surface of the planet is salt water. Land looms large in our imagination and civilization in history books, only because sea and savagery are to us less interesting."
- C.S. Lewis
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"I expect to die in bed, my successor will die in prison and his successor will die a martyr in the public square. His successor will pick up the shards of a ruined society and slowly help rebuild civilization, as the church has done so often in human history."
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Tag Archives: Obamacare
Pres. Obama to ObamaCare comrades: "The work you're doing is God's work."
This from WSJ: President Says ObamaCare Volunteers Doing 'God's Work' [?!?] Barack Obama speaks to his old campaign comrades [That's the right word.] at Organizing for Action. HOLY OBAMACARE Last night in Washington President Obama addressed the national meeting of Organizing … Continue reading
Nancy Pelosi to receive Planned Parenthood's highest honor. Can. 915!
When will Canon 915 be applied in the case of pro-abortion Democrat Rep. Nancy Pelosi? It is not enough that she may, perhaps, from time to time, choose on her own not to go forward for Communion. It must be … Continue reading
Two birds with one stone
Some Monday morning humor. I did know about Dixon Diaz, but he's got some game:
Posted in Lighter fare Tagged 2nd amendment, Dixon Diaz, Obamacare 5 Comments
Erosion of support for Pres. Obama's attack on religious freedom
Tide of public opinion will swing against Obamacare…. er um… the so-called, misnamed, AFFORDABLE Care Act. Has your insurance been cancelled yet? First, people will see that it's a bad idea which will cost far too much for far too … Continue reading
NY Common Core sends students to sex quiz page
For all you supports of The First Gay President's administration and for all of those Catholic entities out there who have bought into Common Core, from Breitbart: NEW YORK COMMON CORE WEBSITE SENT STUDENTS TO SEX QUIZ PAGE *The following … Continue reading
Posted in Liberals Tagged Affordable Care Act, Common Core, Obamacare, Pres. Obama, The First Gay President 26 Comments
The day virtue was outlawed
Liberal catholics want us all to weenie out and avoid engaging in "culture wars". Meanwhile, I saw this commentary piece at CNSNews: Free Exercise of Virtue Prohibited as of Today in USA As of today–Jan. 1, 2014–a Democratic administration led … Continue reading
This came to my email: So during the 3-1/2 years of World War 2 that started with the Japanese bombing of Pearl Harbor in December 1941 and ended with the Surrender of Germany and Japan in 1945, the U.S. produced … Continue reading
Posted in Liberals, The Drill, The future and our choices Tagged Affordable Care Act, Obamacare, Pres. Obama 15 Comments
Judge gives relief to Archd. NY against the "AFFORDABLE" Care Act
Good news to be read at Newsmax: NY Archdiocese: Ruling Against Contraception Mandate Gives All 'Religious Freedom' The Archdiocese of New York applauded a judge's decision Monday that so-called non-exempt religious groups are not bound by the Affordable Care Act's requirement … Continue reading
Obamacare, your taxes, and "gender reassignment" surgery. Fr. Z rants a little.
How is Obamacare, the "AFFORDABLE" Care Act, working for you so far? I saw this on LifeSite: Obama administration may add taxpayer-funded sex-change operations to ObamaCare, Medicare, Medicaid DES MOINES, IA, December 12, 2013 (LifeSiteNews.com) – The Affordable Care Act … Continue reading
Another state bans abortion in Obamacare plans
How are you doing with the "AFFORDABLE" Care Act? There is a good development. From Politico: Michigan joins states banning abortion in Obamacare plans Michigan became the 24th state to ban most abortions in its exchange plans when the state … Continue reading


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National parks are responsible for $13.3 billion dollars of local, private-sector economic activity nationwide, supporting 267,000 private-sector jobs, according to the Department of Interior.
Environmental groups, which have criticized Mr. Obama for favoring oil and gas development over setting aside federal land for conservation and recreation, hailed the move.
The Wilderness Society was particularly encouraged by the plan to designate the Rio Grande del Norte National Monument in northern New Mexico.


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VW scandal is raising questions
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Dubai - now the last leg! Then Paris!
After leaving Melbourne at 3am Sunday morning we arrived in Dubai at 7.30pm Aussie time after a short stopover in KL so getting very very excited. We have met some interesting people, one from Anglesea who knows people from Donald who have moved there. We befriended a young lady with heaps of hand luggage who had travelled from NZ going to Vienna. It is hot here in Dubai!! ...
Change in the weather and scene
... the Grampian Mountain Range. We drove up the 10 km single track road, climbing heavily all the way, to the car park. From here it was only a 2km walk to the summit via the telecommunication mast metalled service road. I say only, but the gradient was lung busting and as we climbed up the conversation between us changed: "That's a lovely view." "This hill is killing me." "I need to stop for a rest." "It looks very black over there on the mountain range." "Yes, it is ...
Wie in Europa / Like in Europe
... it was probably not allowed to camp here. The next morning it was still misty and rainy. The fog was so thick you didn't have any view from the lookout. Ultimately, it got better at noon, so we could even make a second hike up to the Mount William (the highest mountain here, Mount Abrupt was still nicer though) and visit the lookouts again.
From here it was now not far to the Great Ocean Road anymore and that was on our program for the following ...
Back on the road again - bye SA!
... stay a little better to tie in with a Crows footy game.
Got to Stawell about 9pm which was a bit ahead of time and checked into our little room. Feeling glad we din't have to set up the tent tonight - its windy, wet, and really, really cold outside. Weather a bit iffy for tomorrow too - we want to climb The Pinnacle, but we may end up with the same situation we had at St Mary Peak in the Flinders; lots of low cloud, drizzle and wind.
Grampians Magic
... hit the road at 10:30am and filled up fuel before we turned onto the Southern Eastern Freeway. This short section of highway between Adelaide and Murray Bridge is sort of the closest thing you get to an Autobahn in Germany: divided lanes, high speed limit and limited road access. We cruised through the Adelaide Hills, past Murray Bridge, drove the bridge over the Murray and most of South Australia before we made our first stop in Keith. We weren't planning ...


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The Houston Rockets are having a solid season. Since the addition of Jeremy Lin and James Harden to the roster, the Rockets have caught the eye of many NBA fans. Also in the mix is 2nd year star Chandler Parsons, who is averaging almost 15 pts a game. Check out the Rockets players making it a guy's night out. Good thing Harden wasn't around, or Guy's night could have been spoiled.-TO
Guy's Night Out for Jeremy Lin and Chandler Parsons


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December 30, 2014
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Huge-boobed brunette MILF Eva Notty fucks her poolboy
All Comments (3)
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After the blow job, there could have been a scene where SHE put HIS cock into HER pussy. Instead, what we got was a doggy style and a reverse cowgirl neither of which included her REAL participation. She was just part of the scenery where he could get off.
Ihre Riesentitten massieren seinen langen Schwengel bis zum saftigen Abspritzen. Heisser sex


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Hotel Peñíscola Palace, Peniscola
- Free WiFi in lobby
Main amenities
- 239 guestrooms
- On the beach
- Restaurant and bar/lounge
- Full-service spa
- Outdoor pool and 2 spa tubs
- Fitness center
- Self parking
- 2 meeting rooms
- Air conditioning
- Meeting rooms
- Tour/ticket assistance
What's around
- On the beach
- Peniscola Beach (0.9 mi / 1.4 km)
- Church of Santa Maria (1.3 mi / 2.1 km)
- La Casa del Ayer (1.4 mi / 2.2 km)
- Museum of the Sea (1.4 mi / 2.2 km)
- Virgen del Socorro Cathedral (1.4 mi / 2.2 km)
Clean and comfortable. Good Food. Pleasant staff. Wish we could have stayed longer.
Ideal beach holiday hotel. Rooms overlooking the sea with balconies. The hotel is yards…
Enter dates to check prices
Hotel Info: 866-539-8117from $63
- Double Room
- Double Room, Sea View
- Single Room
- Triple Room (2 + 1)
- Triple Room
- Double Room
- Triple Room for 3 adults
Also popular with travelers from the USA
At a glance
Key facts
Hotel size
- This hotel has 239 rooms
- This hotel is arranged over 7 floors
- Check-in time 2:30 PM-8 PM
- Check-out time is noon
Required at check in
- Credit card or cash deposit required
- Government-issued photo ID required
Travelling with others
- Pets not allowed
Extra people
- Roll-away beds available, charges may apply*
- Free WiFi in public areas
- Self parking *
Nearby Four Star Peniscola hotels
In the hotel
- Restaurant
- Bar/lounge
- Coffee shop/café
- Room service (during limited hours)
- Outdoor pool
- Children's pool
- Fitness facilities
- Full-service spa
- Number of spa tubs - 2
- Number of meeting rooms - 2
- Meeting rooms
- Tours/ticket assistance
- Number of buildings/towers - 1
In the room
- Climate control
- Air conditioning
- Balcony
- Hair dryer
- Cable/satellite TV channels
- Phone
- In-room safe
Top Peniscola hotels
Recently reviewed hotels in Peniscola
Special features
Guests can indulge in a pampering treatment at the hotel's full-service spa. The spa is equipped with a sauna, a spa tub, and Turkish bath/hammam. A variety of treatment therapies are provided, including hydrotherapy.
DiningOnsite venue - Overlooking the ocean, this buffet restaurant specializes in Mediterranean cuisine and serves breakfast, lunch, and dinner.
A second restaurant - Overlooking the ocean, this bar serves light fare only.
Hotel Peñíscola Palace, Peniscola's small print
Also known as
- Hotel Pe±φscola
- Hotel Pe±φscola Palace
- Hotel Pe±φscola Palace Peniscola
- Pe±φscola Hotel
- Pe±φscola Palace
- Pe±φscola Palace Peniscola
- Palace Hotel Peniscola
Cash transactions at this property cannot exceed EUR 2500, due to national regulations. For further details, please contact the property using information in the booking confirmation.
Optional extras
Self parking costs EUR 13 per day
Cribs/Infant beds are available for EUR 5.5 per day
We have included all charges provided to us by this hotel. However, charges can vary, for example, based on length of stay or the room you book.


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Born to Read provides 25,000 bilingual literacy kits, one to every baby born in Bexar County. Kits include 2 books (1 bilingual), a library card application and helpful tips on how to raise a reader.
What is the issue, problem, or challenge?
San Antonio ranks 7th in the United States in population, yet 60th in literacy with a 25% illiteracy level. The families of the approximately 25,000 babies born each year need to be equipped with the skills and knowledge of how to encourage a lifelong love of learning and reading in their children.
How will this project solve this problem?
Born to Read partners with the San Antonio Public Library and area hospitals to distribute 25,000 bilingual literacy kits when parents and newborns leave the hospital.
Potential Long Term Impact
Born to Read hopes to raise a generation of readers who love learning and will become educated, healthy, self-reliant members of the San Antonio community.
Funding Information
This project has been retired and is no longer accepting donations.
Additional Documentation
This project has provided additional documentation in a PDF file (projdoc.pdf).


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A Message From The Mayor...
Scott Cirksena was re-elected Mayor at the election held November 5, 2013. Mayor Cirksena's term will expire in 2017.
Mr. Cirksena is serving his second full term as Mayor. He previously served on the Clive City Council from November 2003 to December 2009. He is currently employed as a Senior District Sales Manager for Kenworth Truck Co., a Division of Paccar, Incorporated.
Today, Mr. Cirksena represents the City of Clive on the Metro Advisory Council (MAC), the Board of BRAVO Greater Des Moines, the Central Iowa Regional Drinking Water Commission (CIRDWC), Dallas County Mayors, Mid-Iowa Association of Local Governments (MIALG) and the Dallas County Foundation. In addition to these activities, Mr. Cirksena is a member of the Clive Lions Club, The Clive Historical Society and the Iowa Motor Truck Association. He also served on the Governor's Transportation 2020 Citizen Advisory Commission in 2011. He and his wife Julie and children Mackenzie and Ben reside at 16330 Boston Parkway.
From the October 2015 Clive City Newsletter
Mayors Corner
As part of the Greenbelt Master Plan process, the City of Clive has recently completed a Quality of Life Survey. This survey gives us a snap-shot of how our residents feel the City is providing key services to the community with the Greenbelt Trail, integrated system of parks and the Library. The survey also provides a gauge of the value our residents place on these community assets. You can log on the cityofclive.com for the complete survey results on the Greenbelt Master Plan webpage. We had a 30% response rate for the survey which is well above industry averages and some key findings are well worth noting:
9 in 10 Clive residents rank the Greenbelt as Excellent/Good.
7 in 10 would rather see taxes increased than Greenbelt and Park services reduced.
Clive residents want to maintain current quality of life service levels and programs for the Greenbelt, Parks and library.
Short-term priorities are maintaining/replacing the Greenbelt Trail (repaving), stabilizing Walnut Creek and providing more neighborhood connections to the Greenbelt Trail.
By the time you read this column, we will have conducted a public open house themed by "Activate the Greenbelt" where we invite residents to participate and create the Greenbelt of the future. This is just another way that we are gaining feedback from our residents about the future amenities and design of the Greenbelt system going forward.
As I write this column, the section of trail from Country Club to Campbell Park is essentially complete and I am very pleased with the outcome of this project. This is part of a multi-year approach of reinvesting in the Greenbelt by replacing sections of the trail making them wider and safer for resident use. I am very pleased with the planning efforts and significant investments we are making to our largest community asset. There will be more to come!
As always, it is an honor and a privilege to serve as your Mayor. Please do not hesitate to contact me directly with any questions you may have.
Scott Cirksena
Phone: (515) 223-6220
Email: firstname.lastname@example.com


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Release Date:
August 12, 2003
Comedians Larry Semon and Oliver Hardy battle over Kathleen O'Connor, the belle of the logging camp, in this 2-reel farce co-directed by Semon and Norman Taurog. The always extravagant Semon went too far making this film on location at Sequoia National Forest, where he made the Vitagraph Company build a permanent logging camp. According to the company's owner, Albert J. Smith, the film could just as easily have been produced at the studio back lot in Los Angeles. As a result, Semon's new contract made him his own producer and he was henceforth obliged to pay the cast, crew, and various other production expenses out of his own pocket. Years before he found world wide fame opposite Stan Laurel, Oliver Hardy honed his comedic skills playing a menace opposite the white-faced Semon. They worked well together and remained personal friends until Semon's early death from pneumonia in 1928. Hans J. Wollstein, Rovi
In their first starring feature away from the Hal ****** studios, Stan Laurel and Oliver Hardy play a couple of fish peddlers from Des Moines on a Cook's Tour of Paris. While stopping over at quaint suburban inn, Ollie falls in love with innkeeper's daughter Georgette (Jean Parker). At Stan's prodding, Ollie pops the question to Georgette, who gently refuses because there is Someone Else. Disconsolately, Ollie decides to commit suicide by jumping into the Seine, insisting that Stan join him in his plunge to oblivion. The boys are halted from this drastic action by the timely arrival of Francois (Reginald Gardiner), an officer in the French Foreign Legion. Francois convinces Stan and Ollie that they'll forget all about Ollie's lost love if they join the Legion, and within a few days our heroes are in uniform at an outpost in French Morocco, where they are promptly assigned to laundry detail. Alas, try as he might, Ollie can't forget his beloved Georgette-until Stan suggests that he pretend to forget so that they can get back in their own clothes and head home. This Ollie does, but not before accidentally setting fire to a mountain of laundry. After leaving behind a rather nasty letter of resignation for their scowling commandant (Charles Middleton), Stan and Ollie pack their bags and head for the airport-where Ollie is reunited with Georgette, who turns out to be the wife of their commanding officer Francois Sentenced to death for desertion, the boys tunnel their way out of their jail cell and hide out in an airplane, which Stan accidentally sends into flight. After a wild and noisy ride, the plane crashes, leading to the flm's hilarious-and somehow touching--"freak" ending. Officially a remake of Les Aviateurs, a French vehicle for Fernandel and Toto, The Flying Deuces also owes a lot to the earlier Laurel Hardy Foreign Legion farce Beau Hunks. Highlights include Stan and Ollie's impromptu soft-shoe rendition of "Shine on Harvest Moon", and Stan's lunatic excursion into Harpo Marx territory as he plays a bed-spring "harp". Produced by Boris Morros and released by RKO Radio, Flying Deuces is unquestionably the best of Laurel Hardy's non-Hal ****** vehicles. Hal Erickson, Rovi
- Genre: Comedy
- Category Animal Picture, Romantic Comedy, Slapstick, Parody/Spoof, Adventure Comedy, Sports Drama, Satire, Domestic Comedy
- Theme: Man's Best Friend, Eccentric Families, Foibles of Marriage, Infidelity, Culture Clash, Car Racing, Stranded, Foreign Legion, Love Triangles
- Run Time: 05 hr 53 min
- Language: English
- Lead Actor: Dorothy Dwan , Larry Semon , Stan Laurel , James Finlayson , Julie Leonard
- Supporting Actor: Max Elloy , Frank Alexander , Suzet Mais , Michael Dalmatoff , James Finlayson , Luigi Tosi , Jack Chefe , Crane Whitley , Lyle Tayo , Rychard Cramer , Robert Murzeau , Paul H. Frees , Monica Bannister , Adriano Rimoldi , Mary Jane Carey , Roger Legris , Bonnie Bannon , Michael Visaroff , Frank Clark , Sam Lufkin , Suzy Delair , Reginald Gardiner , Charles B. Middleton , James J. Jeffries , Felix Oudart , Billy Hauber , Jean del Val , Grover Ligon , Clem Wilenchick , Spencer Bell , Oliver Hardy , Jean Parker
- Director: Stan Laurel , Norman Taurog , Jesse Robbins , Charles McDonald , Leo Joannon , Gilbert Pratt , John Berry , Larry Semon , Noel Mason Smith , Edward Sutherland
other Info.
- Online Item #: 11517386
- Store Item Number (DPCI): 246-02-9895
- Made in the USA or Imported


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As if there weren't enough styles to choose from, here are a few more! CobraCo® offers an array of specialty planters - Perfect for those who want something a bit out of the ordinary. Flowers shown in planter are not included.
The CobraCo® Welcome Garden Hanging Basket Planter's coco-liner is suspended by a black finish stand to match, complete with a Welcome sign. The planter is the perfect addition to your front porch or entry way. Welcome your guests in style with this decorative planter!
The planter measures 18½ inches long by 16 inches wide by 46 inches high.
CobraCo® - The Brand for Premier Innovative Outdoor Living Décor
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Contact us via email or Call Toll-Free 855-PERKYPET with questions or comments concerning Birdfeeders.com products.
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Brazil's Straw Hat project helps women leave abusive situations
A look at Switzerland's entrenched gun culture
12 Nov 2013 17:40 GMT | Asia Pacific, US & Canada, Cambodia, United States
At least one person has been killed and 20 others injured after police in Cambodia clashed with protesting garment workers, according to rights groups.
Tuesday's protest took place outside the capital, Phnom Penh, where a bystander selling rice was struck by a bullet, the activists said.
Chan Soveth and Am Sam Ath of the rights group Licadho both confirmed a woman had been hit by a bullet.
Six protesters were injured, Chan Soveth said, adding that five Buddhist monks were hurt when police fired tear gas into a Buddhist pagoda where protesters had sought refuge.Nine other people were hurt, including youths who jumped into the clashes and bystanders.
"The crackdown conducted by police this morning against workers was very cruel and unacceptable," said Kong Athith, a spokesman for the Coalition of Cambodian Apparel Workers Democratic Union, which organised the protest.
"Workers were unarmed. Why did police use live ammunition to crack down on them?"
Months of protests
Hundreds of workers from the SL Garment Processing (Cambodia) Ltd Factory clashed with hundreds of riot police sent to block a march from the factory to the Phnom Penh residence of Hun Sen, the prime minister, according to rights groups.
Workers from the factory, which makes clothing for Gap, H&M and other international brands, have been protesting for months for better working conditions and pay.
The violence erupted after police sent five officers to negotiate with the protesters, who surrounded and threatened to beat up the policemen, investigator Chan Soveth said.
It was unclear which side started the attacks, which included police firing live bullets and tear gas to rescue their colleagues, and protesters throwing rocks and wielding iron bars and wooden sticks, Chan Soveth said.
National Police officials could not immediately be reached for comment.
The garment industry is Cambodia's biggest export earner, employing about 500,000 people in more than 500 garment and shoe factories. In 2012, the Southeast Asian country shipped more $4bn worth of products to the United States and Europe.
Pay is low and working conditions are usually uncomfortable. In May, the ceiling of a Cambodian footwear factory collapsed, killing two people and injuring seven.
Source: Agencies
Rallies continue after opposition's election loss, which they say was marred by "serious irregularities".
How will the growing protests over alleged vote rigging impact the country's political landscape?
Politics, Cambodia
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Tackling the refugee crisis, Iran nuclear deal, and helping rape victims push candidates towards the coveted prize.
War & Conflict, Human Rights, Norway
Joining the West, Reykjavik imposed sanctions on Russia over Ukraine, but now its fishermen are paying the price.
Politics, Business & Economy, Iceland
The illicit kidney trade in South Asia has exploded as brokers use social media to find donors.
Health, Business & Economy, India
Twice the size of Paris, the open-air Iwahig Prison and Penal Farm offers a unique approach to reforming criminals.
Prisoners, Philippines, Crime
Israeli army shoots Palestinian dead at East Jerusalem checkpoint, having earlier killed six Palestinians in Gaza Strip.
Middle East, Israel, Palestine, Gaza, Occupied West Bank
Nations, including US, back UN proposal and threaten to "isolate those who fail to respect the political agreement".
Middle East, War & Conflict, Libya, UN, Muammar Gaddafi
Follow the incredible journey of Asadullah Rahman, the youngest inmate to be held at Guantanamo Bay.
War & Conflict, Afghanistan, Taliban
People & Power investigates India's Hindu fundamentalists and their influence on the country's government.
India, Politics, Human Rights
101 East explores why over 300 Australian children are abducted by a parent and taken overseas every year.
Australia, Asia, Law
Al Jazeera World looks at the neutral nation's entrenched gun culture and the debate about the right to carry weapons.
Gun violence, Europe, Arts & Culture


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Talk:Delaware, Marriage Records (FamilySearch Historical Records)Edit This Page
From FamilySearch Wiki
The link to Historical Records leads to a blank page. I don't believe this collection is available yet. Is it coming soon? We are getting reports at patron services of records that are missing from the Legacy collection for Delaware marriages. This is usually an indication that a newer collection is coming.
The link was made active in error. I don't know for sure how soon the collection will be made available.
The following comment by Edj626 has been moved here from the Record Reliability section of the wiki article.
The correct spelling for Walter Robinson is GROSE, married to Susan Corsino I know because the are my parents.
- You might want to check with familysearch.org if you are questioning this spelling in records there. At the bottom of the page, there is an option to Ask for Help and then you can get help through a phone call, email, or live chat.Lynda 17:57, 15 November 2011 (UTC)
- This page was last modified on 29 October 2013, at 10:46.
- This page has been accessed 617 times.
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This promotion is for loyalty members only. If you want to take advantage of exclusive offers like these, join Office Depot® OfficeMax® Rewards now! Already a member? sign in here.
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Practical Teaching in Emergency MedicineEmergency medicine attendings who wish to hone their teaching skills can find a number of books on educational strategies written by physicians from other disciplines. However, until the publication of the first edition of this book, they did not have access to a text written by emergency medicine physicians on methods of teaching that are directly applicable to teaching EM. This book was compiled
Practical Teaching in Emergency MedicineInherent to the teaching and practice of emergency medicine are specific challenges not found in other specialties - the unknowns of the emergency department, the need to identify life- and limb-threatening conditions, the pressure to solve problems and find solutions quickly, and the orchestration of clinical specialists and ancillary services. Because of these unique demands, books written by
Nurse Facilitated Hospital DischargeExcellent resource, this book has been written for clinical practitioners and aims to provide a pragmatic insight regarding complex issues in hospitals underpinning facilitated discharges from hospital settings. It is compiled and edited by Liz Lees. Contributors included are from Education, Senior Management, Pharmacy, Medicine, Allied Health Professionals and a range of senior nursing roles.
Sickle Cell Disease Case Management Model: Principles, Practice, & EvaluationThis book is a model for sickle cell case management programs focusing on three main areas: Case Management Program Implementation, Counseling and Evaluation. It aims to offer the professional supports case managers need to overcome barriers while connecting clients with resources, and services.
Analysing Behaviour in the Operating TheatreOperating theatres are very private workplaces. There have been few research investigations into how highly trained doctors and nurses work together to achieve safe and efficient anaesthesia and surgery. While there have been major advances in surgical and anaesthetic procedures, there are still significant risks for patients during operations and adverse events are not unknown. Due to rising
Theory and Treatment of Shame-Based Syndromes, Second EditionIn this classic volume, Kaufman synthesizes object relations theory, interpersonal theory, and, in particular, Silvan Tompkins's affect theory, to provide a powerful and multidimensional view of shame. Using his own clinical experience, he illustrates the application of affect theory to general classes of shame-based syndromes including compulsive; schizoid, depressive, and paranoid; sexual
Curing Student Underachievement
Clinical Practice for School LeadersCure Student Underachievement is the culmination of the authors' research, practice, and experience as principals, superintendents, graduate professors, and consultants in efforts to improve school performance and increase student achievement. Searching for the real causes of underperformance, the authors explored problem-solving strategies in several fields. The authors find that clinical
An Introduction to Medical TeachingFew faculty members in academic medical centres are formally prepared for their roles as teachers. This work is an introductory text designed to provide medical teachers with the core concepts of effective teaching practice and information about innovations for curriculum design, delivery, and assessment. It offers brief, focused chapters with content that is easily assimilated by the reader.


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ACE Fit Share
Add some diversity to your fitness program with these butt and hip exercises from the American Council on Exercise. We'll help you tone up those glutes and get that butt into shape. Choose from a wide variety of hip flexibility and strengthening exercises including glute bridges, BOSU lateral jumps and more. These exercises come with detailed instructions, step-by-step guidance and tutorials on proper equipment use. For full workout routines featuring butt and hip exercises, be sure to visit our Workouts section.
Fit Life Articles
Strong shoulders not only look good, they also make it a lot easier to perform a wide range of everyday activities, especially those involving bringing the arms overhead, like getting an item down from a shelf. This 10-minutes circuit is a fast and efficient way to...
Is negative self-talk preventing you from achieving your dreams and goals? Learn how to avoid going down the rabbit hole of negativity and begin to differentiate your fears from reality.
The fascial system is a vast network of webbing that connects the entire body, and it needs to be pliable for healthy movement to occur. Yoga coupled with deep breathing benefits stiff and sedentary bodies and helps create a healthy fascial system. These five yoga poses are...


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Join the 'Vivitrol' group to help and get support from people like you.
Vivitrol Support Group
Our support group for Vivitrol has 55 questions and 82 members. Updated 25 Sep 2015.
Latest News
3 in 10 Americans Have Drinking Problem at Some Point in Their Lives
WEDNESDAY, June 3, 2015 – Nearly 30 percent of Americans have a problem with alcohol at some point in their lives, ranging from binge drinking to full-blown alcoholism, but less than 20 percent are ...
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Ram Dealers Virginia Beach, VA
Showing Ram dealers within MILES_25 miles of Virginia Beach, VA Edit search
Authorized Ram Dealers
1. Hall Chrysler Dodge Jeep Ram Chesapeake 24.1 miles
3410 Western Branch Blvd
Chesapeake, VA 23321
"Got back to me, but truck was sold."
2. Southern Dodge Chrysler Jeep Ram - Greenbrier 14.6 miles
1414 S Military Hwy
Chesapeake, VA 23320
"They didn't have what I wanted. And of course they tried to up sale me. Their processing fee was crazy!"
3. Hall Chrysler Dodge Jeep Ram Virginia Beach 5.7 miles
3152 Virginia Beach Blvd
Virginia Beach, VA 23452
"I would not do business with V.B. Hall if they gave me the vehicle. The sales calls and emails were ridiculous. I told 3 different people to take me off the call list before they finally stopped calling."
4. Southern Dodge Chrysler Jeep Ram at Norfolk Airport 13.2 miles
2747 N Military Hwy
Norfolk, VA 23518
Dealers With Used Ram Inventory
1. Portal Automotive 11.8 miles
6512 E. Virginia Beach Blvd
Norfolk, VA 23502
"Low pressure and easy to work with"
2. Holiday Motors 20.9 miles
3203 Victory Blvd.
Portsmouth, VA 23702
"Excellent shopping experience. Friendly and knowledgeable staff."
3. CTC of Virginia 13.1 miles
740 S Military Hwy
Virginia Beach, VA 23464
"Mike Ransom helped me tremendously, made buying my truck a very easy process "
4. Driver's World 6.8 miles
3700 Sentara Way
Virginia Beach, VA 23452
"Very professional and nice"
5. Beach Ford 5.1 miles
2717 Virginia Beach Blvd
Virginia Beach, VA 23452
"Continued to follow up"
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