text:
Onboard well-being
Optimised cabin
The A330 is a true widebody jetliner, using Airbus' 222-inch cross-section that has become the fuselage size of choice for airlines worldwide. This highly optimised design offers the optimum balance between aerodynamic and structural efficiency, providing a true widebody cabin and a large underfloor cargo hold capability.
Maximum flexibility designed into the A330 allows operators to meet changing market trends, providing full comfort in cabin layouts that range from ultra-high comfort four-abreast First Class and six-abreast Business Class to a 7 abreast Premium Economy and an Economy Class cabin with eight abreast that places no passenger more than one seat from an aisle, or an efficient higher-density nine-abreast arrangement.
Space to relax and work
A typical three-class arrangement for the A330-200 seats 247 passengers – with Business, Premium Economy and Comfort Economy. The longer-fuselage A330-300 accommodates 277 passengers in a three-class layout. The A330neo will feature 10 more seats than to cabin innovations that optimize that cabin without impacting seat comfort.
The innovative use of cabin space allows for such features as the creation of bars and social areas, along with multi-purpose storage zones. For flight crews on long-haul missions, Airbus has developed secure rest areas with bunks, located adjacent to the cockpit.
Silent and bright
Passengers also benefit from the silence of the quietest twin flying today
The cabin is further enhanced by the application of LED (light emitting diode) lighting technology for reading lights, passenger information signs, cabin signs and ambient lighting – delivering better illumination and longer operating lifetimes at lower maintenance costs. Additional headroom available on the A330 allows for unequalled overhead storage, giving passengers more space to stow their carry-on bags with minimum disruptions during boarding and deplaning.
The A330's state-of-the-art digital cabin management system, called CIDS (Cabin Intercommunication Data System), provides for the control of cabin lighting, heating, announcements and other cabin-related tasks. Thanks to the CIDS' touch-screen panel, crew operation is quick, simple and intuitive, contributing to fast airport turnarounds and maximising aircraft utilisation.
Take a tour to experience the cabin
Designed-in features permit faster reconfiguration of the A330's cabin for rapid adaptation to changing market needs and fleet deployment. The A330 has cabin "flexibility zones" for both galleys and lavatories, with provisions for rapid relocation. Galleys can be ideally placed for dedicated service in each cabin, while toilets are able to be situated within large areas of the floor plan.
Continuous improvement
Cabin improvements introduced by Airbus on the A330 includes newly-designed air conditioning outlets, updated interior styling, mood and lateral lighting, and new interior styling. The result is a passenger environment that is even brighter, lighter and more spacious.
Most recently passenger connectivity and inflight entertainment has been transformed with the A330 becoming the first aircraft with full connectivity IFE and mobile phone services onboard.
Orders & deliveries
Related news
Did you know?
- With more than 1,500 total bookings since its launch by Airbus, the A330 is a global success
- The A330's top 10 customers have ordered this highly-reliable jetliner an average of 8.5 times
- An A330 aircraft takes off or lands somewhere in the world every 20 seconds
- Over 1.6 billion passengers have flown on an A330, representing a daily average of 500,000-plus people
- The global A330 fleet has accumulated over 32 million flight hours on more than 7 million flights


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Gear : AD , Apple , Baby , Bike , Camcoder , Camera , Cellphone , Concept , Design , Desktop , DIY , Film , Gadget , Gaming , Headphone , HIFI , Laptop , Other , Pet , Pic , Phone , Projects , Sport , Spy , Software , Steampunk , News , Man , MediaPlayer , Military , MusicKit , Office , Toy , Tools , Video , Tech ,
Gear : AD , Apple , Baby , Bike , Camcoder , Camera , Cellphone , Concept , Design , Desktop , DIY , Film , Gadget , Gaming , Headphone , HIFI , Laptop , Other , Pet , Pic , Phone , Projects , Sport , Spy , Software , Steampunk , News , Man , MediaPlayer , Military , MusicKit , Office , Toy , Tools , Video , Tech ,
Watch Seikou Yamaoka reproduce the "Girl With A Pearl Earring" on an iPad mini.
This is a video of the Volkswagen Golf modded and supercharged up to 1,016-horsepower that can do 0 - 60MPH in 2.4-seconds and hit just short of 200MPH.
"6Vampir 1000HP Golf MK1 DSG 4Motion first test. 1,8L 16V KR Turbo engine GTX4202R 1013HP @ 60psi. wieght 900kg without driver"
+ More >>
Evolution of the turtle shell based on developmental and fossil data. This animation is based on the work of Dr. Tyler Lyson, currently at the Smithsonian Institution. The animation shows how various fossils, particularly Eunotosaurus and Odontochelys, bridge the morphological gap between a generalized animal body plan to the highly modified body plan found in living turtles
iPhone is a great communication tool, but untimely vibrating or chirping is unrully. Finally, an easy, elegant solution that keeps your phone quiet. Mutator makes mute simple. Mutator is a simple little pyramid that plugs into your iPhone's headphone jack, silencing all but the most important notifications like alarms.
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When kitten and sheep become close friends...
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The Whistle Activity Monitor is an on-collar device that measures your dog's activities including walks, play, and rest, giving you a new perspective on day-to-day behavior and long-term health trends. Check-in from your phone, share memorable moments with family and friends, and send detailed reports to your veterinarian.
+ More >>
It's an actual tractor built in the Netherlands that just so happens to look like the Dark Knight's very own tumbler. Cool
+ More >>
This is the MWE Labs Emperor 1510LX, a $21,500 computer workstation. With a retractable monitor stand that can support up to five monitors (three 27-inch and two 19-inch), a reclining seat with thigh rest, a Bose sound system, Italian leather upholstery, moving leg rest, cup holder... And it's priced like a vehicle, too. And you have to provide your own monitors and workstation. Because those aren't included. Hit the jump for several more shots and a video of the pod's movement.
+ More >>
Ethan Nudd created a stop-motion video of he be flying around his back yard on a broomstick.
This video shows you the amazing bouncing water droplet effect super close up and super slow. Surface Tension Droplets at 2500fps by The Slow Mo Guys
A series of colorful aerial bench shots by Hollywood-based photographer Gray Malin.
+ More >>
Two year old Diogo Mello and his father sing and play The Beatles classic 'Don't Let Me Down'. Cute!
French tourist Jean Vivier shot this incredible color footage of the streets and people of New York City in 1939.
The August Smart Lock is a new product by designer Yves Béhar and technology entrepreneur Jason Johnson, which updates the humble door lock for the "Internet of Things" era. The August Smart Lock fits onto existing door deadbolts, and its designers reckon that installation should be a quick two-screw job for around 90 percent of US-based deadbolts. Once it's up and running, users simply approach their door with their iPhone.
The August Smart Lock's social networking features allow users to issue up to 10 "virtual keys" for their iPhone-owning guests. This access can be set to be valid during a certain time frame only, and is also logged, thus lending a greater degree of security than simply cutting a spare key and hoping for the best. The August Smart Lock utilizes rechargeable AA batteries as a power source, so it stays online even in the event of a power outage. Other features include a log record so you can see who entered and exited your home as well as the date and time they did, invite lists, a guestbook feature, and auto-unlock.
Pre-orders for the smart lock are currently open for $199.
Stout Bottle Opener is a magnetic, mountable and stainless steel bottle opener. It is thoughtful design crafted to last a lifetime. The opener has a built-in magnet that keeps caps from falling away.
+ More >>
The Baby Mugging from mommyshorts is a group of funny photos captured by putting adorable baby on the floor and holding a mug in front of him/her. The photos give us the illusion that the babies enjoy the fun with their lower part in the mug.
+ More >>
Burger King debuts a hand-free burger holder - Whopper Holder, to celebrate the chain's 50th anniversary in Puerto Rico. "The video featuring a 'hands-free' Whopper Sandwich holder was produced by an agency in Puerto Rico to celebrate the brand and the iconic Whopper Sandwich in a humorous way. However, the product depicted in the spot was not produced, or distributed to guests as some reports indicate," reads the short statement from Burger King to CNBC.
+ More >>
Simplified Blogging
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"The Kama Sutra of Sleeping for Couples" by ChaosLife, Part 1, Part 2.
Twenty years ago, a group of scientists and freethinkers built an ark in the desert. Media attention and controversy surrounded it from the beginning. This is the real story.
The new Pick Digicam. With 2.0 megapixels, and both still and video capability. Simply plug it into your USB port to charge or download images. Requires a Micro SD card which will give you hundreds of images on one charge. No batteries needed, works with both Mac and Windows!
The Cell Phone Holder Party Cup lets you slip in your mobile device so it sits at eye optimal level even as you gorge yourself on flavored liquid sugar.
Lamp is an exploration into the expressive and behavioural potentials of robotic computing. Customized computer code and electronic circuit design imbues Lamp with the ability to be aware of its environment, especially people, and to expresses a dynamic range of behaviour.
The key to many doors
"Sad Dog Diary" by Ze Frank is a sadness-filled video about a group of depressed canines who reflect on the miserable events taking place in their lives.
+ More >>
"Newlyweds Katie Young and James Lowder have shared what is already called the best wedding photo ever, where the whole party is captured running for their lives from an enormous Tyrannosaurus rex. The picture was taken and photoshoped by a Louisiana-based wedding photographer Quinn Miller, and the idea to include a dinosaur came from James' love for them."
+ More >>

subset: commoncrawl


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Return to SwingLifeStyle.com The Swingers Home Page
There are a total of 4853 West Cumberland swingers, within 100 miles.
The list below is a subset of the swingers in the West Cumberland area.
Create a free swingers account so you can see and write to them all.
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stop by and say hi
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Active Swingers as of 14-Oct-15.
This site does not contain sexually explicit images as defined in 18 U.S.C. 2256.
Accordingly, neither this site nor the contents contained herein are covered by the record-keeping provisions of 18 USC 2257(a)-(c).
Disclaimer: This website contains adult material. You must be over 18 to enter or 21 were applicable by law.
All Members are over 18 years of age.
Terms of Use Privacy Policy


text:
IDC recently announced its numbers for 2011 Q4 servers sales: overall server revenues are up for the year 5.8 percent, and shipments are up 4.2 percent. As The Reg reports, these shipment numbers are back to pre-recession levels.
Nicholas Negroponte is always ahead of his time. When he envisioned One Laptop Per Child (OLPC), the average price for a PC was still hundreds of dollars. The industry rallied around his vision for a low-cost PC that anyone could use but couldn't fathom innovative technology at the $100 price point he claimed he could hit.
When Linus Torvalds says he is going to work on a side project he doesn't think small and he doesn't work slowly.
When he created "Git," the software source control and collaboration system that runs Linux kernel development, he started writing code on a Sunday (April 3, 2005) and emerged just a few days later with a new revision control system that today is regarded as one of the best pieces of software ever written (second, at least, to Linux, of course).
No one disputes that that tech jobs are fueling the economy in the U.S. and around the world. The U.S. President said in his recent State of the Union address that there are twice as many openings in the science and technology sector as there are people to fill them. But where exactly are these jobs? And, who exactly is landing them?
Facebook filed its IPO last week , which is big news in and of itself.
Last week I attended the Consumer Electronics Show (CES) in Las Vegas. A few years ago CES was not on my calendar as a "must-attend" show.
Today we are welcoming a new project hosted at The Linux Foundation. Tizen is a Linux-based, open source platform designed to address the future of HTML5-based applications across a variety of device types. We think the project has a lot of potential, both for its technology and the major players it has involved in it.
Twenty years ago today Linux creator Linus Torvalds posted a message online that would change the world:
This week yet another major global IT vendor will launch a product based on Linux - the HP Touchpad, which looks quite promising from early reviews. Even so, it is ironic that I still hear the following comment from a number of investors and business people:
"Open source is great, but you can't make any money with it."


text:
- 800.878.7323
New Hardcover
Ships in 1 to 3 days
available for shipping or prepaid pickup only
Available for In-store Pickup
in 7 to 12 days
Other titles in the Woodhead Publishing Series in Energy series:
Advances in Clean Hydrocarbon Fuel Processing: Science and Technology (Woodhead Publishing Series in Energy)by M. Rashid Khan
Synopses & Reviews
Publisher Comments:
Coal, oil and gas continue to provide the main fuel source for worldwide power production and transportation, but all three are dwindling resources. Alongside the development of improved energy production and utilization, and the development of substitute fuels from biomass, research and development continues to be a part of the conversion of mainstream and alternative hydrocarbon fuels (fossil fuels), with the goals of improving conversion efficiency for maximum fuel output with minimum environmental impact, as well as of producing hydrogen, syngas, and in turn clean liquid fuels for both power generation and transportation utilization. Catalysts and catalysis are critical to the development of these processes, allowing for application of technology to a wider range of hydrocarbon fuels, including alternative fossil fuel sources such as lower-grade coals, oil shales, tar sands, and methane clathrates. This book provides a comprehensive and systematic reference on the range of alternative hydrocarbon conversion processes and technology. It reviews solid fuels such as coal, pet coke, lignite, oil shale, tar sands and bitumen; gaseous fuels like hydrogen and syngas; and liquid fuels such as crude oil, heavy oil, and paraffin.
Book News Annotation:
Engineers in hydrocarbons and energy describe efforts to reduce the environmental impact of transforming coal, petroleum, and natural gas into usable fuel. After an overview and assessment of the hydrocarbon fuel conversion process, they cover in turn solid, liquid, and gaseous hydrocarbon fuel processing and technology. A final section looks at operational issues and improving processes in the processing plant. The topics include production, properties, and environmental impacts of hydrocarbon fuel conversion, pyrolysis processes and technology for converting hydrocarbons and biomass; removing sulfur from heavy and light petroleum hydrocarbon by selective oxidation; producing methanol and dimethyl ether from synthesis gas, and automatic technology in hydrocarbon fuel processing plants. Annotation ©2011 Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com)
Coal, oil and gas continue to provide the main fuel source for worldwide power production and transportation, but with this represent a dwindling resource. Research and development continue apace into the conversion of mainstream and alternative hydrocarbon fuels (fossil fuels), with the goals of improving conversion efficiency for maximum fuel output with minimum environmental impact. This book provides a comprehensive and systematic reference on the conversion processes and technology applicable to the production of clean liquid fuels for both power generation and transport industries.
About the Author
Dr. M. Rashid Khan is the leader of Corporate Intellectual Assets Management in the Technology Management Division at Saudi Aramco, Saudi Arabia. He is widely regarded for his work in clean and alternative energies and carbon management.
Table of Contents
Part 1 Introduction to alternative hydrocarbon fuels: Life cycle assessment (LCA); Improving energy efficiency and environmental impact. Part 2 Solid fuel conversion: Process feedstocks; Gasification; Pyrolysis; Syngas and hydrogen production; Direct liquefaction. Part 3 Gaseous fuel conversion: Fischer-Tropsch synthesis; Methanol production; Methane hydrate conversion. Part 4 Liquid fuel conversion: Catalytic conversion; Partial oxidation; Hydroconversion. Part 5 Environmental issues, process analysis and control:Emissions/pollution control; Environmental degradation and mitigation; Process modelling and optimisation.
What Our Readers Are Saying
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Product Details
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Engineering » Engineering » Power Resources » Alternative and Renewable


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Sock Dreams
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Constellation Knee High
Also found in:
Star bright, star light, there are so many stars to see tonight! Beautiful knee high socks are a map of the skies (or some of the most recognizable constellations), guiding your toes on their journey.
One size. Should fit US shoe sizes women's 6-11 or men's 4-9. We found the cuffs stretch to 17 inches, but the calf only stretches to 16 inches, due to the complexity of the knit-in design.
Additional Info: Also available in a larger footed midcalf!
Made in Korea.
Fiber Content: 63% cotton, 35% polyester, 2% spandex.
Machine wash in cool water, tumble dry on low or hang to dry.
Label: Sock It To Me
Thank you so so so much for providing socks in a variety of sizes, and testing them and providing detailed size info! I just got the Extraordinarily Longer Thigh Highs, and they fit on my big ol' legs! And the lace/corset top thigh highs-- and they fit too! It's so awesome to be able to find tall hosiery that fits!
~ Jessika G.


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Zdjelarevic Hotel & Winery
No prices found through our partners. Please contact the business directly or check some of our recommended alternatives.
How has this hotel rated in the past?
- Restaurant
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- Kids activities or Babysitting
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TripAdvisor Reviews Zdjelarevic Hotel & Winery Slavonski Brod
Travel Blogs from Slavonski Brod
Stunning! Stunning! Stunning!
Today we went to visit Plitvice lakes. This is one of the main reasons I booked this tour, so it had a lot to live up to and it did not disappoint! We got to the park at 8:00 so we could catch the bus up to the upper part. You can walk the whole park, but they said it takes about 8 hours and we only had 8 hours at the park and didn't want to be too rushed, plus it's pretty hot here and you get pretty sweaty pretty quick. Turns out we could have done with plenty of time ...
Day 35
Our second wild camp went without any problems. It is still raining this morning! We set off on our long drive to Serbia. It's motorway most of the way, straight, flat and wet. At our coffee stop we set up the net book to use the navigation system, as satnav cannot find the place we are heading for. We decide to call this navigation system Doris, unlike satnav, who we are sure is German, as she shouts commands at us, Doris seems to gently guide us along the route. After lunch we ...
Spit Roast Pig and Raspberry Liqueur
After a skype call with Philip, mum, Lilly and Claire this morning I was picked up by Peter around 9am. Straight out to the parents to see the pig taken off the spit. This had been cooking since 4am. I had to have a photo taken with Rad's dad and the pig before it was taken off the spit rod. All the family were there again to share the pig with us. My being there gave them the excuse to have a party. Again it was just simple food. The pig, cabbage and ...
A Fun and Interesting Day
Rad and Peter were here about 8am to pick us up, so we could go out for breakfast. Burek's were on the menu. These are filo pastry filled with cheese or cheese and lamb and when cooked puff up to dinner plate size and four only cost us $5.50 AUD. They were tasty but too much for breakfast. Then Rad and I had a look around a couple of little boutiques in town. Made a couple of purchases. A nice top and pants and a ...
Rad's Family and Home
How spoilt we are in Australia. To come here and drive through just a tiny part of Bosnia to Derventa and see the devastation after all these years and then to arrive at Rad 's parents, its very humbling. We have so much and they make do with so little. They have a lovely home, very small, two small bedrooms off a living area. The have a stove inside but mum does most of the cooking in summer outside in the shed, where she has another stove. They have little ...


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Please mark your calendars for the annual Eastern Region Yokefellow volunteer gathering
Saturday Sept 26th, 2015 at Cornerstone Missionary Baptist Church
Greeenville, NC from 9am – 12 noon Click here for all the details !
Yokefellow 2015 Annual Meeting
Our 2015 Annual Meeting will be held on Saturday, October 31st. It will begin at 10:30am and we are meeting at First Baptist Church in Burlington, NC. The address is 400 South Broad Street (Burlington, NC 27215). Letters regarding meal reservations and reminders of the date will be sent out several weeks prior to the date.
Click here to download the letter. 8/16/2015
Download the latest Guidebook by clicking below Yokefellow Guidebook 2015 Version
Oct 9th 2013 Chart with all Prisons/Chaplains/Yokefellow Groups


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The robber ran and was found later by police hiding behind a neighbor's palm tree ... 'cause its Florida. The second nefarious thief skipped town (or just got away, one or the other). Although, we have to say that Delio Fernandez, the two children's father, took the words right out of our mouth when he said, "If [the robber] would have had a gun, I could have lost one of my children." Yeah, the daughter, cause your son's got mad ninja skills!
[Via FileFront, Thanks Disclain3r]
Buy from $300
- Key specs
- Reviews • 18
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- Game format Optical disc, Downloadable
- Online features Multiplayer, Voice chat, Video chat, Store, Browser
- Drive capacity 250 GB
- Controller type Wired, Wireless
- Motion controls Accelerometer, Gyroscopic
- Video outputs HDMI (v1.3), RCA / composite
- Released 2012-09-25


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Dynamic Draw
editor's review
Dynamic Draw is a software utility that comes packed with a powerful set of features to help you easily design various graphic elements.
Ease of use and on-screen help
After the installation process, the interface is displayed and you can start your project or open a previously created one.
The tools Dynamic Draw provides to you are organized by default on the left and at the top of the main window, allowing you to extend their menus which are explained by tooltip balloons. You can customize the toolbars according to your own preferences in order to gain the most from using Dynamic Draw.
Design 3D elements, maps and many other objects
Using this application you can create multiple elements, such as rectangles with straight or round corners, arches and tables, or you can draw your own shapes with various line types. Each element that you created can be edited by modifying their size and position on the canvas or rotating them.
Furthermore, Dynamic Draw offers you the possibility to insert your own images that can also be modified. If you create more objects, from the context menu, you can easily bring them on top of the others, thus being able to change their properties with ease.
The drawing pen can also be customized, by changing the width, color and style of the line you draw with it.
Another essential function of the utility is support for creating multiple layers with different characteristics, like prevent them from being printed, editable or viewable.
With Dynamic Draw you can design complex or simple objects that are linked between them so if you adjust their position the balance of the layout is preserved.
All in all, Dynamic Draw, offering numerous features and tools, proves to be a handy software tool for anyone that wants to create drawings.
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Special Offers from Kiev, Odessa, Lviv, Dnepropetrovsk and Kherson. Book your flight ticket to ISTANBUL. All inclusive and round trip starting at 129 usd.
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View all available promotions
Overall score
would recommend to a friend.
Reviewer score
Would recommend
International visitor friendly.
Hotel is walking distance to all the interesting places we wanted to see. Our stay was pleasant, and we had a fun time. At any time we would come back to this hotel if we make another trip from our home in Berlin Germany to Los Angeles CA.
Hollywood, Los Angeles nightlife, and fantastic restaurants.
The Ramada Hollywood was the best hotel value that I have seen in many years. We normally stay at a more upscale hotel, but because of the location and value we will continue to use the Ramada. The room was clean and well maintained, the hotel
complimentary breakfast was very good and made the cost of each night closer to $50.00 rather than the $66.00 we paid. Two of our sons live in the area so the location saved us time and the need for a rental car. The fitness room was ver small but had good equipment, the weather was not appropriate for pool usage, so we did not see the pool.
Good value and safe
The Hotel was clean and safe. The location was great for me because I know my way around LA. For someone not familiar with the area it may seem a bit out of the way. The value was better than expected. I was pleasently suprised. The room was
quiet, large, clean with working cable TV. The breakfast was good too. Maybe there was a tax, I didn't complain because overall I had a great hotel in the heart of the city.
clubs, shopping.
Great place to stay!
This Hotel is even better than the reviews!
We stayed there for a Hollywood Bowl show, and it was
a great choice!
Would stay there anytime!
Late night Mexican food, street easy and good fun!Short walk, opposite direction of Wendy's
My review of Ramada Hollywood near Universal Studios
The Ramada had a great breakfast. Clean rooms, good value. Had to pay extra for parking. Would stay again.
Great Value.
The Ramada Hollywood is very comortable and a great value. A short drive to many attractions.
Restaurants are located a short walk...make a right. Steak/Italian, Indian...
Beautiful hotel
The Ramada Hollywood Hotel was recently refurbished and it was done just beautifully. Everything,including the lobby, looks brand new, very elegant & clean. The room was gorgeous & looked very upscale mediteranean with granite bathroom. Our room
faced the courtyard with the fountain & we felt like we were in Italy. The area is not that great-but definitely worth staying here.
There is a metro a few blocks away, otherwise you definitely need a car in this area. There is one little Italian Restarant 2 blocks down.
great room not far far from Sunset and real easy to get Freeways.
Great Birthday Trip
Beautiful family friendly hotel. Very pleasant and helpful staff. Great amenities and very accessible to nearby tourist attractions. The daily breakfast was excellent!
hanging out in Hollywood
Great amenities and services. Love the cleanliness and especially location. A shorty drive to almost anywhere trip-worthy in Hollywood.
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EAN-codes: 2050001828934, 5060175805225, 8809183300172, 4260144375785
Listed since: 03.11.2011, 14:48
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Cocktail audio X10 USB Wi-Fi dongle saved
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Cocktail Audio X10 Wi-Fi Dongle (5060175805225) (Personal Computer) (B0065LZBVQ)
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Select Local Merchants
Lynns BistroRead MoreLynn's Bistro: A User's Guide French-Asian Fusion | Intimate 36-Seat Setting | Prix Fixe Dinner Menus | Sunday Brunch Sample Prix Fixe Menu First course: escargots with Pernod-and-garlic herbed butter Second course: duck breast in a cherry-merlot sauce Third course: bread pudding with chocolate, cherries, and rum Wine: glass of pinot noir from Erath Winery in Oregon The Atmosphere: Fresh flowers and white linens top each table, adding a romantic touch to the cozy interior. Who's in the Kitchen? Chef-owner MyLinh Tran, who's served as head chef at Seattle's Crepe de Paris, head chef at New York's Lavana Moon, sous chef at Houston's Ten Ten, and as apprentice to classical French chef Dominique Place. She opened Lynn's Bistro in 2001 to bring her fusion of Asian and French cuisines to the masses. When to Go: Lynn's is a go-to special occasion restaurant, but it also serves weekday lunch (Tuesday–Friday) and Sunday brunch. Inside Tips Try the french onion soup, served with a bubbling top of gruyère cheese and a french-bread crouton. Brunch entrees come with a bonus: fresh, hot-from-the-oven mini pastries like croissants and scones.214 Central WayKirkland, WA US
Le Grand Bistro AmericainRead MoreYour next meal awaits at Le Grand Bistro Americain in Kirkland. Le Grand Bistro Americain does not prepare their menu with low-fat items, though, so those following a strict diet may have better luck elsewhere. Toast your evening out at Le Grand Bistro Americain with a glass of beer or wine from their lengthy drink list. Sit back, relax, and enjoy the beautiful weather during your meal at Le Grand Bistro Americain. Score quick and easy seating for your large group at Le Grand Bistro Americain. Free wifi is on hand here as well. No need for a wardrobe change when you hit Le Grand Bistro Americain — it's strictly casual. Dining out isn't your only option here — pickup is available, too. Le Grand Bistro Americain is surrounded by endless parking, including options for valet, street and garage parking. You'll typically spend about $30 per person to dine at Le Grand Bistro Americain, so plan your budget accordingly. Le Grand Bistro Americain accepts Visa, MasterCard, Discover, American Express, and all major credit cards. The dinner menu is a crowd pleaser at the restaurant, though breakfast and lunch are also served.2220 Carillon PtKirkland, WA US
Byblos DeliRead MoreThe premier destination for a flavorful menu, Byblos Deli in Bellevue is one of the area's top-rated restaurants. The reasonable prices allow customers to focus on what matters: the perfect quality. Thanks to its outdoor seating, the restaurant is a fantastic option when the Cascadian weather cooperates. There's not really a recommended attire, so feel free to dress comfortably. Also, in addition to its low prices, this won't exactly be the place to earn credit card points (it's cash-only). In fact, you should be able to enjoy a good meal for $11 or $12, and can probably get in and out for $8 if you try. There truly is something for everyone, with both healthy and vegetarian items on the robust menu. Plus, most local parents will tell you that it's a good place to bring the kids, as well. In addition to its convenient take-out offerings, the restaurant even provides catering for events around town. A good spot for both lunch and dinner, Byblos Deli is a great choice when you're in the mood for unique international cuisine, and want to be more adventurous than the regular ol' Chinese/Mexican/Italian fare. Don't worry about trying to find a spot on the street, as visitors to the restaurant do have access to a private parking lot nearby.14220 NE 20th StBellevue, WA US
Melting PotRead MoreMelting Pot's French chef is serving up little bites of heaven. Take your vehicle to dinner nearby parking is plentiful and will not pose a problem for drivers looking to dine. A night out here can be a bit pricey, so prepare to shell out a bit more. So come taste the food of love at Melting Pot's delicious French restaurant in Issaquah.23420 SE Black Nugget RdIssaquah, WA US
Place PigalleRead MorePlace Pigalle: A User's Guide French Cuisine | Pike Place Market | Puget Sound Views | Intimate Seating Sample Menu Cocktail: Mariana, made with vodka, Mandarine Napoléon, Campari, and fresh lime Appetizer: octopus with housemade lavender-and-fennel sausage, preserved lemon, tomatoes, spinach, and garlic Entree: bouillabaisse provençale with seasonal fish, Dungeness crab, clams, mussels, prawns, saffron-tomato broth, and crostini rouille Where to Sit: Day or night, find a window seat, or—better yet—grab a table outside to take in the epitomic Seattle sights. When to Go: The restaurant is open seven days a week for lunch and dinner, or you can stop in for a glass of wine or cocktail at the bar. While You're Waiting Take in the views of the bright ferris wheel, glimmering Elliott Bay, and Olympic Mountain. Glance through the 11-page list of regional and international reserve wines, from champagnes to sherries. Inside Tips Don't skip the cocktails. Bartenders squeeze fresh orange, grapefruit, lime, and lemon juice for house drinks, such as the Tuscan Lemon Drop with fresh lemon and vanilla-citrus liquor, and classics like a Hemingway Daiquiri or Corpse Reviver #2. Silence your cell. Fellow diners will appreciate it, and the staff will expect it. Fun Fact: Place Pigalle is named after the red-light district in Paris. Years before it became a fine-dining institution in 1982, it served as a bordello (masked as an inn), a biker hangout, and then a gathering place for artists and travelers. Vocab Lesson Dungeness crab: West Coast crab with a slightly sweeter taste than snow or king crabs. Bouillabaisse: a Provençal fish stew originating in Marseille, typically made with several types of fish and shellfish and served with rouille on grilled bread. Rouille: a creamy sauce blended with olive oil, breadcrumbs, and saffron.81 Pike StreetSeattle, WA US
Cafe CampagneRead MoreCafe Campagne: A User's Guide French Comfort Food | Award-Winning Fries | House-Made Charcuterie | Popular Brunch Spot | 30 Wines Sample Menu Brunch: scrambled eggs with fresh herbs and pork sausage Lunch: croque monsieur Dinner: crispy duck-leg confit Dessert: homemade ice cream Where to Sit: Ask for a table on the terrace, where patrons can look out on all the bustling activity of Pike Place Market. When to Go: Try happy hour, which occurs from 4–6 p.m. Monday–Friday. While You're Waiting: Grab a seat at the long, wooden bar. Bartenders mix cocktails and pour 30 wines by the glass. Inside Tips Mark your calendar. Every year, the café hosts Drink Pink, a party with wine tastings and hor d'oeuvres. French accents are optional. If you can't find something on the wine list, bring your own bottle for a small corkage fee. Cafe Campagne is cool with this, as long as they don't offer the same wine. Press and Praise The Stranger says "Cafe Campagne makes you feel like everything's all right, especially at weekend brunch." Eater readers put the café on their list of Top 8 French Fries in Seattle. Vocab Lesson Croque-monsieur: originated in French cafés, this pressed sandwich is filled with ham, gruyère, and béchamel. (A fried egg turns it into a croque-madame.) Confit: a French term used to describe food that has been cooked in oil, syrup, or—in the case of some meat—its own fat, and then preserved. While You're in the Neighborhood Before: Buy a vintage poster at Old Seattle Paperworks (1514 Pike Place). After: Catch a surprising, tongue-in-cheek production at Theater Schmeater (2125 3rd Avenue).1600 Post AlleySeattle, WA US


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Bud Black has a pretty good idea why the San Diego Padres are off to another slow start. The veteran manager also knows it will get a lot rougher for his ballclub if things don't change soon.
One night after being shut out for the fourth time this season, the Padres managed just five hits off 38-year-old Tim Hudson in a 3-2 loss to San Francisco on Wednesday.
That ended a disappointing 4-6 road trip that included two shutouts and four other games in which the Padres were held to two runs or fewer.
"We're battling, we're playing hard but we're not swinging the bats," Black said. "The bullpen's been solid and the starters pretty much have done their part. We've got to get the bats going."
Left-handed reliever Troy Patton returned from his 25-game suspension, part of a roster shuffle by the Baltimore Orioles that included the activation of Manny Machado from the 15-day disabled list.
Patton was placed on the restricted list testing positive for a banned amphetamine. Patton took Adderall, a drug commonly used to combat Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, late in the 2013 season and then was given a random drug test. The Orioles sent reliever Josh Stinson outright to Norfolk.
Machado hadn't played since left knee surgery on Oct. 14. The third baseman started the second game of a doubleheader Thursday, going 0 for 5.
Reds center fielder Billy Hamilton sprained knuckles on his left hand while making a diving catch to open the game against Milwaukee. He's expected to be sidelined a couple of days.


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How to install Windows 10 on your PC
You've read the review, pored through the tips and how-tos, and have waited breathlessly for the day that you can download Windows 10.
You've read the review, pored through the tips and how-tos, and have waited breathlessly for the day that you can download Windows 10.
After the truly wretched Windows 8 and marginally less wretched Windows 8.1, Windows 10 comes as a breath of fresh air.
Did the PC market collapse because Windows 8 sucked, or did Windows 8 suck because Microsoft overcompensated for the PC market's collapse? It's a bit of a chicken-or-the-egg scenario, but one thing's certain: Windows 8 sucked.
Finally, an operating system from Microsoft you can love.
When Girish Juneja left his position as CTO of the Datacenter Software division at Intel to take on the role of CTO of global financial services and business services company Altisource in January 2014, Altisource was struggling with a problem many companies would love to have -- it was growing so fast that IT operations was having trouble keeping up.
Patch Tuesday is not dead.
By February 2017, Microsoft should have Windows 10 on more than 440 million personal computers, according to a new analysis of user share data and upgrade tempo.
This is a time of temptation for Apple enthusiasts, many of whom are eager to get their hands -- and devices -- on the company's newest software. Between June, when company execs tout the upcoming versions of Apple's desktop and mobile operating systems, and the fall, when the polished, finished versions arrive, Apple users get a chance to serve as beta testers.
Another quarter, another happy financial report from Apple. The company's third financial quarter is rarely the place where you expect to see records - but there was still a lot to be gleaned from the numbers, and from the following hour-long call with financial analysts.
The more consumers that Microsoft puts on its Office 365 subscription rolls, the less it makes from each customer, data the company disclosed Tuesday showed.
The security clock is ticking down for Apple's OS X Mountain Lion, which will probably be retired from support this fall before the Cupertino, Calif. company releases El Capitan.
Windows 10 is here - and many users (especially those who have been wrestling with Windows 8) are probably eager to upgrade. But even if you can get it now -- the upgrade will be sent first to those who signed up for the Windows Insider beta program and then in "slow waves" to everyone else -- you may want to hold off.
Microsoft last week demonstrated how much of a black box a Windows 10 update may be to the millions of users expected to upgrade to the new operating system.
(First in an occasional series about technology and the law.)
Apple's products and platforms have been bona fide game changers in the enterprise, but the company still doesn't give many CIOs the time of day. Unless they commit to buying 10,000 iPads or other Apple devices, enterprises are essentially on their own when it comes to support, according to a group of IT executives who spoke at this week's MacIT Conference in Santa Clara, Calif. All of the CIOs said they hope Apple will do more to embrace the needs of small-to-midsize businesses ... but none are holding their breath.
In a revival tent-like speech, Microsoft's chief operations officer, Kevin Turner, urged the company's partners to forget the past - an allusion to the failure of its smartphone business to gain meaningful share - but defended the decision to keep making handsets.
If Microsoft follows through on its announced plans for updating and upgrading Windows 10 after the new OS launches in two weeks, it will issue the first update no later than the end of November or early December, then follow with three more in 2016, repeating with a trio each year following.
In 1995, the top-grossing film in the U.S. was Batman Forever. (Val Kilmer as Batman, Jim Carrey as the Riddler, Tommy Lee Jones as Two-Face. Yeah.) The L.A. Rams were moving back to St. Louis, and Michael Jordan was moving back to the Bulls. Violence was rife in the Balkans. The O.J. trial happened.
Studies show that around 40% of products fail. But what if product designers could understand what features are most and least popular, which components tend to fail sooner than others, and how customers actually use products versus how designers think they use them? And, what if product developers could then utilize these insights to develop products that perform better, potentially cost less and, most importantly, are aligned with actual customer needs?
Microsoft's Windows 10 will not have a fragmentation problem, analysts argued, even though its rapid development tempo and a host of update cadences will spin off so many versions that not everyone will be running the same code, or even have the same features, at any one time.


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Port Charlotte, FL (Sports Network) - Yunel Escobar and Ryan Roberts hit back- to-back homers in the fourth inning, as the Tampa Bay Rays topped the Baltimore Orioles, 4-1, in Grapefruit League action.
Sean Rodriguez led off the next frame with a home run for the Rays. Starter Alex Cobb held the Orioles to one hit and struck out five over three scoreless innings.
Wei-Yin Chen pitched two shutout frames in his start for Baltimore. Brian Matusz gave up the home runs to Escobar and Roberts.
Pope Francis' visit to Philadelphia in September has altered the date of the Penn-Villanova football game.
Kyle Busch won Sunday's road course race in Sonoma, California, but he still has a long way to go to become eligible for a spot in the Chase for the Sprint Cup championship.
NFL players have a very short shelf life to make significant amounts of money so it's tough to fault anyone who has outperformed a contract when they go knocking on the door to ask for more.
Pete Mackanin will remain interim manager of the Philadelphia Phillies for the remainder of the season, the team announced Tuesday.
The Oklahoma City Thunder have reportedly retained restricted free agent forward Kyle Singler with a five-year contract extension.
The Detroit Red Wings signed veteran forward Brad Richards a one-year contract on Wednesday.


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Energy & Renewables Companies in Yemen
Category: Energy & Renewables ×
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Industry: Travel & Leisure ×
Location: Asia & Middle East ×
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Titan Cloud Software Company, LLC
based in Brentwood, TENNESSEE (USA)
Titan offers the petroleum industry`s most powerful cloud software--the solution used by the largest c-stores, commercial fleet, and petroleum marketers in the world. This software protects your valuable underground storage tank (UST) and above ground storage tank (AST) assets by enabling proactive management of all regulatory and operational risks. Its full array of ...
Ultraviolet Devices, Inc.
based in Valencia, CALIFORNIA (USA)
UVDI is an ISO certified manufacturer of UltraViolet Germicidal Irradiation (UVGI) and Molecular Carbon Filtration Technologies for the Commercial and Residential HVACR air treatment markets. In addition to air stream disinfection products, UVDI also provides cutting edge solutions for surface disinfection to reduce Hospital Acquired Infections.
Bird-X Inc.
based in Chicago, ILLINOIS (USA)
Bird-X is the international leader in humane pest and bird control solutions, protecting human health, wildlife and the environment in which we all live. Bird-X manufactures a complete line of unique pest control products with an unmatched focus on quality, efficacy and customer service. We know that pest birds and other animals can be conditioned (using their most basic ...
Terragon Environmental Technologies Inc.
based in Montréal, QUEBEC (CANADA)
Terragon develops and commercializes innovative technologies and practices needed to enable habitats to treat their waste locally and safely in order to recover valuable resources to be reused at the site where waste is generated. Terragon researches and engineers highly innovative waste treatment systems which anyone can operate safely, economically and without special ...
Global Water Engineering (GWE)
based in Bangkok, THAILAND
Global Water Engineering (GWE) is a technology solutions provider, specialized in biological treatment of industrial wastewater, biogas reuse and bio-waste to energy. GWE uses its 30 years of experience in over 300 plants to the benefit of its clients and business partners worldwide. WASTEWATER TREATMENT - Anaerobic: Unique range of 7 reactors - Aerobic : All major ...
Mierij Meteo Nederland
based in De Bilt, NETHERLANDS
Mierij Meteo systems was founded in 1982 and delivers solutions for projects where meteorological information is essential. Mierij Meteo is an innovating company that keeps innovating their meteorological sensors and systems with the goal to improve the quality of your measurements, to improve your saftey, to reduce your cost of ownership, to improve reliability and to ...
Five Winds International L.P.
based in Paoli, PENNSYLVANIA (USA)
We are one of the world`s most experienced sustainability management consulting firms. Our goal is to help you understand sustainability, improve your performance and succeed in the marketplace. We have developed best practices, techniques, tools and processes that help well-respected firms achieve leadership in sustainability. We would be pleased to help you succeed as ...
Cleveland Biotech Ltd.
based in Stockton on Tees, UNITED KINGDOM
CBIO provide innovative natural solutions to the growing problems of pollution in particular to those arising from the discharge of effluents and wastes into the environment. The company breeds and acclimatises a variety of naturally occurring micro-organisms from which products are then formulated for use in the degradation of specific wastes. They are leaders in the ...
Stevens Water Monitoring Systems, Inc.
based in Portland, OREGON (USA)
Stevens Water Monitoring Systems, Inc.`s mission is to serve our customers worldwide and be our customers` single source for their water resource equipment needs. Stevens designs, manufactures and supports a broad range of instruments and accessories that provide water level, water quality, ground water, soil moisture, and weather information. These products are easy to ...
ifu Hamburg GmbH
based in Hamburg, GERMANY
ifu Hamburg GmbH (Institute for Environmental Informatics Hamburg Ltd.) is a software development and consulting company helping companies to achieve sustainable production and strengthen their competitiveness. We deliver software solutions that support corporate environmental tasks and activities such as Material Flow Management, Resource Efficiency, Life Cycle ...
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Reservations are open for 2015-2016!Call: 612-301-1210$5.50 per studentScholarship Information
Fall in the ForestSeptember 23 - October 28Limit 3 classes per time slot9:30-10:4511:15-12:301:15-2:30
Meet the "Talking Tree" and learn who lives in each forest layer. See how sowbugs and mushrooms turn leaves and dead trees into soil. Search for signs of forest plants and animals on a forest hike.
Sprout!February 24 - April 15 Limit 3 classes per time slot9:30 - 10:4512:30 - 1:45(flexible)
Meet the "Talking Tree" during a puppet show about the parts of a plant and what plants need. Visit the greenhouse for a "please touch" experience with plants. Use your senses to search for plants of all shapes, sizes, and colors. Plant seeds for follow-up studies. TAKE HOME PLANTINGS!
0.1.1.2.1 Scientific Inquiry0.4.1.1.2 Diversity of Life
People, plants, insects, birds-everything alive has a habitat. With the help of the talking tree, discover how we can plant habitats for birds, butterflies, and other wildlife. Take the silent bird hike to look for habitat clues in the Learning Center's backyard. See aphids up close and release ladybugs in the greenhouse to eat the aphids. Start plants to feed black swallowtail caterpillars, and nectar-filled flowers for butterflies. TAKE HOME PLANTS!!
What do seeds need to grow? Find out with the help of some animal friends in a puppet show. Discover how seeds float, fly and hitchhike to get to just the right spot to take root. Explore in the garden and chart sunflowers at different stages of growth. Create a sunflower snack. TAKE HOME SUNFLOWERS! Learning Center
$5.50 per student member/$5.50 per student non-member, includes Arboretum admission and all supplies. Limit 12-50 youth
Call (612) 301-1210 to register your group
Want the Arboretum to deliver a field trip to your classroom?Check out PLANTMOBILE!
Click here to download the FIELD TRIP GUIDE 2015-2016.


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16th Annual Chiller Thanksgiving Classic
November 28-30, 2014
Hosted by The OhioHealth Chiller Ice Rinks - Columbus, Ohio
Schedules Now Posted!
Varsity Ohio Gray and Red Divisions - all games at: OhioHealth Chiller Dublin
East - Dublin Coffman, Olentangy Orange, Lake Catholic, Sycamore
West - Dublin Jerome, Robert Bateman, Springboro, St. Charles
East - Dublin Scioto, Strongsville, St. Francis DeSales, St. Xavier
West - Centerville, Olentangy Braves, Sylvania Southview, Thomas Worthington
Varsity USA Blue and White Divisions - all games at: OhioHealth Chiller North
East- Hilliard, Perrysburg, PHA, Upper Arlington
West - Gahanna, Liberty, NE Storm, Trinity
East - Athens, Clay B, Gahanna B, Wooster
West - Clay A, Owensboro, Westerville, Worthington Kilbourne
JV USA and JV Ohio Divisions - all games at: OhioHealth Chiller Easton
East - Columbus IHC, Dublin White, NE Storm, Westerville
West - Dublin Green, Hilliard, New Albany, PHA
East - Liberty Blue, Olentangy, St. Charles, St. Xavier
West - LIberty Silver, Olentangy Orange, Sycamore, Upper Arlington
- For Questions Contact Jeremy at 614-791-9999 ext. 123 or email@example.com
- Purchase group tickets for the Columbus Blue Jackets vs Vancouver Canucks game Friday, November 28 - click here for details >
- Tournament Rules
Please support our host hotels.
Click here for Marriott hotel booking info >
Click here for Embassy Suites hotel booking info >
|Upcoming Events (See all)
USA Hockey Level 1 Coaching Clinic
Sunday, October 18, 2015 - Level 1 Clinic
Lunch with your Favorite Princesses
Enjoy lunch with some of your favorite Disney princesses & join them on the ice during public skate!
Skate Into Scouting - Quaterly Belt Loop Skate
FREE for Scouts. $5 per person for friends and family.
|Chiller Blog(See all)
Lunch with your Favorite Princesses - Saturday, October 31
Enjoy lunch with some of your favorite Disney princesses & join them on the ice during public skate!
Come Get FROZEN - Sunday, August 23, at OhioHealth Chiller North
Character appearances, free cookie decorating and $1 off admission if dressed in Frozen apparel.
2015 Hockey Equipment Swap
Saturday, September 19 at OhioHealth Chiller North. Deeply discounted used hockey equipment sale with proceeds benefiting the hockey community.
|Hockey Schedules (See all)
|14-17 Drop-In Hockey
|Adult Drop-In Hockey
|5-12 Stick & Puck
|13-17 Stick & Puck
|Adult Stick & Puck
|TGIF - 40+ Friday Hockey
|Saturday Night


text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|27 Sep 2001
|Filing date
|25 May 2001
|Priority date
|7 Jul 1998
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Peter Mulier, Michael Hoey
|Original Assignee
|Mulier Peter M.J., Hoey Michael F.
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Referenced by (20), Classifications (23), Legal Events (6)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
[0001] This application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/347,971, entitled "Method and Apparatus for Creating a Bi-Polar Virtual Electrode Used for the Ablation of Tissue" filed on Jul. 6, 1999. In addition, this application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/091,929, filed on Jul. 7, 1998.
[0002] The present invention relates generally to an apparatus for creating a virtual electrode. More particularly, the present invention relates to an apparatus for the creation of a virtual electrode that is useful for the ablation of soft tissue and neoplasms.
[0003] The utilization of an electric current to produce an ameliorative effect on a bodily tissue has a long history, reportedly extending back to the ancient Greeks. The effects on bodily tissue from an applied electric current, and thus the dividing line between harmful and curative effects, will vary depending upon the voltage levels, current levels, the length of time the current is applied, and the tissue involved. One such effect resulting from the passage of an electric current through tissue is heat generation.
[0004] Body tissue, like all non-superconducting materials, conducts current with some degree of resistance. This resistance creates localized heating of the tissue through which the current is being conducted. The amount of heat generated will vary with the power P deposited in the tissue, which is a function of the product of the square of the current I and the resistance R of the tissue to the passage of the current through it (P=I2R.).
[0005] As current is applied to tissue, then, heat is generated due to the inherent resistance of the tissue. Deleterious effects in the cells making up the tissue begin to occur at about 42� Celsius. As the temperature of the tissue increases due to heat generated by the tissue□s resistance, the tissue will undergo profound changes and eventually, as the temperature becomes high enough, that is, generally greater than 45� C., the cells will die. The zone of cell death is known as a lesion and the procedure followed to create the lesion is commonly called an ablation. As the temperature increases beyond cell death temperature, complete disintegration of the cell walls and cells caused by boiling off of the tissue's water can occur. Cell death temperatures can vary somewhat with the type of tissue to which the power is being applied, but generally will begin to occur within the range of 45� to 60� C., though actual cell death of certain tissue cells may occur at a higher temperature.
[0006] In recent times, electric current has found advantageous use in surgery, with the development of a variety of surgical instruments for cutting tissue or for coagulating blood. Still more recently, the use of alternating electric current to ablate, that is, kill, various tissues has been explored. Typically, current having a frequency from about 3 kilohertz to about 300 gigahertz, which is generally known as radiofrequency or radiofrequency (RF) current, is used for this procedure. Destruction, that is, killing, of tissue using an RF current is commonly known as radiofrequency ablation. Often radiofrequency ablation is performed as a minimally invasive procedure and is thus known as radiofrequency catheter ablation because the procedure is performed through and with the use of a catheter. By way of example, radiofrequency catheter ablation has been used to ablate cardiac tissue responsible for irregular heartbeats or arrythmias.
[0007] The prior art applications of current to tissue have typically involved applying the current using a dry electrode. That is, a metal electrode is applied to the tissue desired to be affected and a generated electric current is passed through the electrode to the tissue. A commonly known example of an instrument having such an operating characteristic is an electrosurgical instrument known as a bovie knife. This instrument includes a cutting/coagulating blade electrically attached to a current generator. The blade is applied to the tissue of a patient and the current passes through the blade into the tissue and through the patients body to a metal base electrode or ground plate usually placed underneath and in electrical contact with the patient. The base electrode is in turn electrically connected to the current generator so as to provide a complete circuit.
[0008] As the current from the bovie knife passes from the blade into the tissue, the resistance provided by the tissue creates heat. In the cutting mode, a sufficient application of power through the bovie knife to the tissue causes the fluid within the cell to turn to steam, creating a sufficient overpressure so as to burst the cell walls. The cells then dry up, desiccate, and carbonize, resulting in localized shrinking and an opening in the tissue. Alternatively, the bovie knife can be applied to bleeding vessels to heat and coagulate the blood flowing therefrom and thus stop the bleeding.
[0009] As previously noted, another use for electrical instruments in the treatment of the body is in the ablation of tissue. To expand further on the brief description given earlier of the ablation of cardiac tissue, it has long been known that a certain kind of heart tissue known as sino-atrial and atrio-ventricular nodes spontaneously generate an electrical signal that is propagated throughout the heart along conductive pathways to cause it to beat. Occasionally, certain heart tissue will misfire, causing the heart to beat irregularly. If the errant electrical pathways can be determined, the tissue pathways can be ablated and the irregular heartbeat remedied. In such a procedure, an electrode is placed via a catheter into contact with the tissue and then current is applied to the tissue via the electrode from a generator of RF current. The applied current will cause the tissue in contact with the electrode to heat. Power will continue to be applied until the tissue reaches a temperature where the heart tissue dies, thereby destroying the errant electrical pathway and the cause of the irregular heartbeat.
[0010] Another procedure using RF ablation is transurethral needle ablation, or TUNA, which is used to create a lesion in the prostate gland for the treatment of benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) or the enlargement of the prostate gland. In a TUNA procedure, a needle having an exposed conductive tip is inserted into the prostate gland and current is applied to the prostate gland via the needle. As noted previously, the tissue of the prostate gland heats locally surrounding the needle tip as the current passes from the needle to the base electrode.
[0011] A lesion is created as the tissue heats and the destroyed cells may be reabsorbed by the body, infiltrated with scar tissue, or just become non-functional.
[0012] While there are advantages and uses for such dry electrode instruments, there are also several notable disadvantages. One of these disadvantages is that during a procedure, coagulum—dried blood cells and tissue cells—will form on the electrode engaging the tissue. Coagulum acts as an insulator and effectively functions to prevent current transfer from the blade to the tissue. This coagulum insulation can be overcome with more voltage so as to keep the current flowing, but only at the risk of arcing and injuring the patient. Thus, during surgery when the tissue is cut with an electrosurgical scalpel, a build-up of coagulated blood and desiccated tissue will occur on the blade, requiring the blade to be cleaned before further use. Typically, cleaning an electrode/scalpel used in this manner will involve simply scraping the dried tissue from the electrode/scalpel by rubbing the scalpel across an abrasive pad to remove the coagulum. This is a tedious procedure for the surgeon and the operating staff since it requires the real work of the surgery to be discontinued while the cleaning operation occurs. This procedure can be avoided with the use of specially coated blades that resist the build up of coagulum. Such specialty blades are costly, however.
[0013] A second disadvantage of the dry electrode approach is that the electrical heating of the tissue creates smoke that is now known to include cancer-causing agents. Thus, preferred uses of such equipment will include appropriate ventilation systems, which can themselves become quite elaborate and quite expensive.
[0014] A further, and perhaps the most significant, disadvantage of dry electrode electrosurgical tools is revealed during cardiac ablation procedures. During such a procedure, an electrode that is otherwise insulated but having an exposed, current carrying tip is inserted into the heart chamber and brought into contact with the inner or endocardial side of the heart wall where the ablation is to occur. The current is initiated and passes from the current generator to the needle tip electrode and from there into the tissue so that a lesion is created. Typically, however, the lesion created by a single insertion is insufficient to cure the irregular heartbeat because the lesion created is of an insufficient size to destroy the errant electrical pathway. Thus, multiple needle insertions and multiple current applications are almost always required to ablate the errant cardiac pathway, prolonging the surgery and thus increasing the potential risk to the patient.
[0015] This foregoing problem is also present in TUNA procedures, which similarly require multiple insertions of the needle electrode into the prostate gland. Failing to do so will result in the failure to create a lesion of sufficient size otherwise required for beneficial results. As with radiofrequency catheter ablation of cardiac tissue, then, the ability to create a lesion of the necessary size to alleviate BPH symptoms is limited and thus requires multiple insertions of the electrode into the prostate.
[0016] A typical lesion created with a dry electrode using RF current and a single insertion will normally not exceed one centimeter in diameter. This small size—often too small to be of much or any therapeutic benefit—stems from the fact that the tissue surrounding the needle electrode tends to desiccate as the temperature of the tissue increases, leading to the creation of a high resistance to the further passage of current from the needle electrode into the tissue, all as previously noted with regard to the formation of coagulum on an electrosurgical scalpel. This high resistance—more properly termed impedance since typically an alternating current is being used—between the needle electrode and the base electrode is commonly measured by the RF current generator. When the measured impedance reaches a pre-determined level, the generator will discontinue current generation. Discontinuance of the ablation procedure under these circumstances is necessary to avoid injury to the patient.
[0017] Thus, a typical procedure with a dry electrode may involve placing the needle electrode at a first desired location; energizing the electrode to ablate the tissue; continue applying current until the generator measures a high impedance and shuts down; moving the needle to a new location closely adjacent to the first location; and applying current again to the tissue through the needle electrode. This cycle of electrode placement, electrode energization, generator shut down, electrode re-emplacement, and electrode re-energization, will be continued until a lesion of the desired size has been created. As noted, this increases the length of the procedure for the patient. Additionally, multiple insertions increases the risk of at least one of the placements being in the wrong location and, consequently, the risk that healthy tissue may be undesirably affected while diseased tissue may be left untreated. The traditional RF ablation procedure of using a dry ablation therefore includes several patient risk factors that both patient and physician would prefer to reduce or eliminate.
[0018] The therapeutic advantages of RF current could be increased if a larger lesion could be created safely with a single positioning of the current-supplying electrode. A single positioning would allow the procedure to be carried out more expeditiously and more efficiently, reducing the time involved in the procedure. Larger lesions can be created in at least two ways. First, simply continuing to apply current to the patient with sufficiently increasing voltage to overcome the impedance rises will create a larger lesion, though almost always with undesirable results to the patient. Second, a larger lesion can be created if the current density, that is, the applied electrical energy, could be spread more efficiently throughout a larger volume of tissue. Spreading the current density over a larger tissue volume would correspondingly cause a larger volume of tissue to heat in the first instance. That is, by spreading the applied power throughout a larger tissue volume, the tissue would heat more uniformly over a larger volume, which would help to reduce the likelihood of generator shutdown due to high impedance conditions. The applied power, then, will cause the larger volume of tissue to be ablated safely, efficiently, and quickly.
[0019] Research conducted under the auspices of the assignee of the present invention has focused on spreading the current density throughout a larger tissue volume through the creation, maintenance, and control of a virtual electrode within or adjacent to the tissue to be ablated. A virtual electrode can be created by the introduction of a conductive fluid, such as isotonic or hypertonic saline, into or onto the tissue to be ablated. The conductive fluid will facilitate the spread of the current density substantially equally throughout the extent of the flow of the conductive fluid, thus creating an electrode—a virtual electrode—substantially equal in extent to the size of the delivered conductive fluid. RF current can then be passed through the virtual electrode into the tissue.
[0020] A virtual electrode can be substantially larger in volume than the needle tip electrode typically used in RF interstitial ablation procedures and thus can create a larger lesion than can a dry, needle tip electrode. That is, the virtual electrode spreads or conducts the RF current density outward from the RF current source—such as a current carrying needle, forceps or other current delivery device—into or onto a larger volume of tissue than is possible with instruments that rely on the use of a dry electrode. Stated otherwise, the creation of the virtual electrode enables the current to flow with reduced resistance or impedance throughout a larger volume of tissue, thus spreading the resistive heating created by the current flow through a larger volume of tissue and thereby creating a larger lesion than could otherwise be created with a dry electrode.
[0021] While the efficacy of RF current ablation techniques using a virtual electrode has been demonstrated in several studies, the currently available instruments useful in such procedures lags behind the research into and development of hoped-for useful treatment modalities for the ablation of soft tissue and malignancies.
[0022] It would be desirable to have an apparatus capable of creating a virtual electrode for the controlled application of tissue ablating RF electric current to a tissue of interest so as to produce a lesion of desired size and configuration.
[0023] One aspect of the present invention provides a surgical apparatus for creating a virtual electrode to ablate bodily tissue. The surgical apparatus comprises an outer tube, a first electrode, an inner tube and a second electrode. The outer tube is fluidly connected to a source of conductive fluid and defines a proximal end and a distal end. In this regard, the distal end of the outer tube includes an opening for delivering a conductive fluid from the outer tube. The first electrode is disposed at the distal end of the outer tube and is configured to apply a current to conductive fluid delivered from the outer tube. The inner tube is coaxially received within the outer tube. The inner tube is fluidly connected to a source of conductive fluid and defines a proximal end and a distal end. In this regard, the distal end of the inner tube forms an opening for delivering a conductive fluid from the inner tube. The second electrode is disposed at the distal end of the inner tube. The second electrode is configured to apply a current to conductive fluid delivered from the inner tube. Upon final assembly, the distal end of the outer tube is axially spaced from the distal end of the inner tube such that the first electrode is spaced from the second electrode. With this configuration, then, a bi-polar virtual electrode can be established.
[0024] Another aspect of the present invention provides a surgical system for creating a virtual electrode to ablate bodily tissue. The surgical system includes a fluid source, a current source, and a surgical instrument. The fluid source maintains a supply of conductive fluid. The current source is configured to selectively supply an electrical current. The surgical instrument includes an outer tube, a first electrode, an inner tube and a second electrode. The outer tube is fluidly connected to the fluid source and defines a proximal end and a distal end. The distal end of the outer tube includes an opening for delivering the conductive fluid. The first electrode is disposed at the distal end of the outer tube and is electrically connected to the current source. The inner tube is coaxially received within the outer tube and is fluidly connected to the fluid source. The inner tube defines a proximal end and a distal end, with the distal end of the inner tube forming an opening for delivering the conductive fluid. The second electrode is disposed at the distal end of the inner tube and is electrically connected to the current source. Upon final assembly, the distal end of the outer tube is spaced from the distal end of the inner tube such that the conductive fluid is delivered as a first bolus from the outer tube and a second bolus from the inner tube. Current is applied to the first and second boluses by the first and second electrodes, respectively. With this configuration, a bi-polar virtual electrode can be created.
[0025] Another aspect of the present invention relates to a method for ablating bodily tissue at a target site. The method includes delivering a first bolus of a conductive fluid at the target site. A second bolus of conductive fluid is also delivered at the target site, the second bolus being spaced from the first bolus. Finally, a current is substantially simultaneously applied to each of the first bolus and the second bolus to create a virtual electrode, ablating tissue in contact with the first and second boluses. In one preferred embodiment, tissue between the first and second boluses is collapsed prior to applying the current.
[0026]FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a system for creating a virtual electrode in accordance with the present invention;
[0027]FIG. 2 is a perspective view, with a portion cut away, of a surgical apparatus in accordance with the present invention; and
[0028]FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a portion of the surgical apparatus of FIG. 2 ablating bodily tissue.
[0029]FIG. 1 illustrates in block form a system 10 for RF ablation useful with the present invention. The system 10 includes a current source of radiofrequency alternating electric current 12, a fluid source of RF ablating fluid 14, including but not limited to saline and other conductive solutions, and a surgical instrument 16 for delivering RF current and ablation fluid to a tissue site (not shown) for ablation purposes. In one preferred embodiment, the surgical instrument 16 is connected to the current source 12 and the fluid source 14. It will be understood that the current source 12 and the fluid source 14 may be combined into a single operational structure controlled by an appropriate microprocessor for a controlled delivery of ablating fluid and a controlled application of RF current, both based upon measured parameters such as but not limited to, flow rate, tissue temperature at the ablation site and at areas surrounding the ablation site, impedance, the rate of change of the impedance, the detection of arcing between the surgical instrument and the tissue, the time period during which the ablation procedure has been operating, and additional factors as desired.
[0030] While the surgical instrument 16 is shown as being connected to both the current source 12 and the fluid source 14, the present system is not so limited but could include separate needles or other instruments useful in RF liquid ablation procedures, that is, for example, a single straight or coiled needle having an exposed end and a fluid flow path there through could be used to deliver both fluid and current to the target tissue for ablation purposes. Alternatively, a separate needle could be used to deliver the current and a separate needle or needles could be used to deliver fluid to the target tissue. In addition, the application of the present system is not limited to the use of straight needles or helical needles as surgical instruments but could find use with any type of instrument wherein a conductive solution is delivered to a tissue and an RF current is applied to the tissue through the conductive fluid. Such instruments thus would include straight needles, helical needles, forceps, roller balls, instruments for the treatment of vascular disorders, and any other instrument.
[0031] In one preferred embodiment, the system 10 further includes a second fluid source 18 for delivery of tissue protecting fluid, via a delivery instrument 20, to a tissue whose ablation is not desired.
[0032] The surgical instrument 16 may assume a wide variety of forms. One preferred embodiment of a surgical apparatus 50 is shown in FIG. 2. The apparatus 50 generally includes a bi-polar electrode that is useful in an ablation procedure using an RF ablating fluid such as, but not limited to, isotonic or hypertonic saline. Further, the apparatus 50 generally includes a plurality of coaxial thin walled tubes forming a catheter delivery system for RF ablating fluid and RF ablating current. Thus, the apparatus 50 preferably includes a first or outer thin walled tube 52 having a proximally attached hemostasis valve 54. The valve 54 includes an inlet 56 for RF ablating fluid flow as indicated by arrow 58 and also an access port 60 for an electrical line 62, which can be electrically connected to the RF current source 12 (FIG. 1). A distal end of the first tube 52 may be provided with one or more thermocouples or other temperature sensors 64. The distal end of the first tube 52 also includes an electrode 66 which is electrically connected to the line 62, thereby providing one of the two bi-polar electrodes envisioned by a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It will be understood that the first tube 52 is electrically insulated or otherwise non-conductive. The first tube 52 provides a flow passage for the RF ablating fluid from the fluid source 14 (FIG. 1) to the distal end of the first tube 52 where it exits the first tube 52 as indicated by arrows 68.
[0033] The apparatus 50 further includes a second or intermediate thin walled tube 70 coaxially disposed within the first tube 52. The second tube 70 has a proximally attached hemostasis valve 72. The valve 72 includes a suction port 74 for directing fluid flow as indicated by arrow 76. A distal end of the second tube 70 may be provided with one or more vacuum apertures 78 through which a suction is applied to surrounding tissue (not shown), via a vacuum formed at the suction port 74. Thus, applying suction to the suction port 74 will draw the surrounding tissue into contact with the vacuum apertures 78 and the distal end of the second tube 70. In addition, with this same process, some RF ablating fluid may be removed via the applied suction as indicated by arrows 80.
[0034] The apparatus 50 further includes a third or inner thin walled tube 82 coaxially disposed within the second tube 70. The third tube 82 has a proximally attached hemostasis valve 84. The valve 84 includes an inlet 84 for RF ablating fluid flow as indicated by arrow 86 and also an access port 88 for an electrical line 90, which can be electrically connected to the current source 12 (FIG. 1). A distal end of the third tube 82 also includes an electrode 92, which is electrically connected to the line 90, thereby providing the other one of the two bi-polar electrodes envisioned by a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It will be understood that the third tube 82 is electrically insulated or otherwise non-conductive. THE third tube 82 provides a flow passage for the RF ablating fluid from the fluid source 14 (FIG. 1) to the distal end of the third tube 82 where it exits the third tube 82 as indicated by arrows 94.
[0035] The surgical apparatus 50 may further include a probe 100 that extends through an interior passage of the third tube 82 and that is freely movable therewithin. The probe 100 may include a thermocouple 102 disposed at a most distal end thereof and may be connected via an electrical line 104 to the RF current source 12 (FIG. 1) to provide a temperature measurement at a predetermined distance from the electrodes 66 and 92.
[0036] In operation, following delivery to a particular target site, RF ablating fluid will be provided to the ports 56 and 84 from the fluid source 14 (FIG. 1). The fluid will exit the distal ends of the first tube 52 and the third tube 82, respectively, and begin to form boluses of fluid along or within the tissue at the target site. Application of a suction at the vacuum aperture 78, via the suction port 74, will cause the tissue surrounding the distal end of the second tube 70 to be collapsed or pulled into a substantially fluid tight relationship with the second tube 70, thereby preventing migration of the fluid, in particular via a capillary effect, along the second tube 70 between the distal ends of the first and third tubes 52, 82. RF ablating power can be applied and an ablation procedure can be carried out. By the application of suction to the tissue and the prevention of the flow of fluid along the second tube 70, shorting of the current between the electrodes 66 and 92 can be avoided.
[0037]FIG. 3 represents schematically the fluid flow and current flow achieved during use of the present invention. Thus, FIG. 3 shows a tissue 110, such as liver, into which a portion of the surgical apparatus 50 has been inserted. Infusion of the RF ablating fluid will initially create two separate boluses of fluid, 112 and 114. If not for the suction applied to the tissue surrounding vacuum apertures 78, fluid would tend to travel along the path created during insertion and placement of the apparatus 50 in the tissue 110. Applying suction intermediate the release of the fluid, however, prevents such fluid travel and substantially prevents any shortage between the electrodes 66, 92 directly therebetween. The applied current can thus spread readily through the boluses 112, 114 and then travel therebetween as indicated by the lines 116. In this way, then, ablation can be accomplished between the bi-polar electrodes 66 and 92. The lesion created with the use of such a bi-polar structure will essentially be the size of the boluses 112, 114 at a minimum, though it will be understood that cell-to-cell thermal conduction will occur that will make the lesion in reality larger than the boluses 112, 114, assuming that power is left on for the appropriate length of time.
[0038] As is well known, when an electro-surgical tool is used, or for that matter, any electrical device, a complete circuit for current flow must be provided. Thus, when a monopolar surgical instrument such as a bovie knife is used, a ground pad connected to the RF current generator is placed under the patient to provide a complete electrical circuit from the generator, to the knife, through the patient to the ground pad, and back to the generator. With the present invention, no ground pad is needed. The current flows from the current source 12 (FIG. 1) to one of the two electrodes 66 or 92 on the apparatus 50, through the patient to the other electrode 66 or 92, and then back to the current source 12. Such bi-polar structure enables the physician to localize the effect of the current passing through the patient, thereby avoiding certain risks associated with the use of a monopolar device, including but not limited to the risk of bums where the ground pad contacts the patient. Additionally, by controlling the relative spacing between the two electrodes 66, 92 of a bi-polar instrument, the size of the lesion can be controlled. Thus, where the electrodes 66, 92 are close to each other, there will be little tissue between them through which the current will travel and the lesion size will be reduced relative to an instrument where the electrodes are spaced relatively farther apart. In addition, the shape of the lesion is somewhat controllable by controlling both the fluid flow and the spacing of the electrodes 66, 92. It will be understood that regardless of the device used that the lesion size and shape is a product of many factors, including the tissue composition, the conductivity of the fluid, the amount of applied current, the amount of cell-to-cell thermal conductivity, the time period the current is applied, tissue temperature, and fluid temperature when applied, among others.
[0039] Although the present invention has been described with reference to preferred embodiments, workers skilled in the art will recognize that changes may be made in form and detail without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|6 Jul 1999
|17 Dec 2002
|Medtronic, Inc.
|Method for creating a virtual electrode for the ablation of tissue and for selected protection of tissue during an ablation
|30 Apr 2004
|27 Jun 2006
|Medtronic, Inc.
|Ion eluting tuna device
|10 Aug 2004
|29 Jan 2008
|Medtronic, Inc.
|TUNA device with integrated saline reservoir
|22 Dec 2005
|12 Jan 2010
|Salient Surgical Technologies, Inc.
|Fluid-assisted medical device
|29 Jan 2003
|26 Jan 2010
|Salient Surgical Technologies, Inc.
|Fluid-assisted medical device
|4 Feb 2005
|1 Jun 2010
|Salient Surgical Technologies, Inc.
|Fluid-assisted medical devices and methods
|14 Nov 2005
|12 Oct 2010
|Salient Surgical Technologies, Inc.
|Fluid-assisted electrosurgical devices, electrosurgical unit with pump and methods of use thereof
|22 Dec 2003
|19 Oct 2010
|Salient Surgical Technologies, Inc.
|Fluid delivery system and controller for electrosurgical devices
|6 Feb 2004
|31 May 2011
|Salient Surgical Technologies, Inc.
|Electrosurgical device having a tissue reduction sensor
|30 Mar 2004
|16 Aug 2011
|Salient Surgical Technologies, Inc.
|Fluid-assisted medical devices, systems and methods
|22 Dec 2005
|18 Oct 2011
|Salient Surgical Technologies, Inc.
|Fluid-assisted medical devices, systems and methods
|11 Feb 2003
|1 Nov 2011
|Salient Surgical Technologies, Inc.
|Fluid-assisted medical devices, systems and methods
|30 Oct 2007
|13 Dec 2011
|Salient Surgical Technologies, Inc.
|Fluid-assisted medical devices and methods
|5 Dec 2007
|7 Aug 2012
|Medtronic, Inc.
|Tuna device with integrated saline reservoir
|12 Oct 2010
|29 Jan 2013
|Medtronic Advanced Energy Llc
|Fluid-assisted electrosurgical devices, electrosurgical unit with pump and methods of use thereof
|28 Oct 2003
|2 Jul 2013
|Medtronic Advanced Energy Llc
|Fluid-assisted electrosurgical scissors and methods
|30 Apr 2004
|3 Nov 2005
|Medtronic, Inc.
|Ion eluting tuna device
|10 Aug 2004
|16 Feb 2006
|Medtronic, Inc.
|TUNA device with integrated saline resevoir
|13 Mar 2008
|6 May 2010
|University Of Virginia Patent Foundation
|Epicardial Ablation Catheter and Method of Use
|2 Dec 2004
|8 Jun 2006
|Coaptus Medical Corp
|Systems and methods for securing cardiovascular tissue
|U.S. Classification
|606/41, 606/50, 607/113, 606/48, 607/99, 607/105
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|17 Aug 2004
|Certificate of correction
|6 Sep 2006
Owner name: RIVERVEST VENTURE PARTNERS I, LLC,MISSOURI
Free format text: SECURITY AGREEMENT;ASSIGNOR:TISSUELINK MEDICAL, INC.;REEL/FRAME:018207/0252
Effective date: 20060905
|11 Jun 2007
Owner name: TISSUELINK MEDICAL, INC.,NEW HAMPSHIRE
Free format text: RELEASE BY SECURED PARTY;ASSIGNOR:RIVERVEST VENTURE PARTNERS I, LLC;REEL/FRAME:019407/0213
Effective date: 20070212
|20 Aug 2007
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|24 Aug 2011
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 8
|16 Sep 2015
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 12


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Diversified Consumer Services
Company Overview of Chicago State University
Company Overview
Chicago State University is an educational institution.
9501 S King Drive
Chicago, IL 60628-1598
United States
Founded in 1869
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This content has been marked as final. Show 4 replies
1. Re: How to change the value of a color picker?jsmith Jan 3, 2013 6:30 AM (in response to FXit)Yeah, it's a known bug:
http://javafx-jira.kenai.com/browse/RT-22538 "[ColorPicker] changing color using setValue() ... is not reflected by rectangle and text on control."
In fact, there are 34 known ColorPicker bugs:
2. Re: How to change the value of a color picker?James_D Jan 3, 2013 9:21 AM (in response to FXit)Adding
after you set the color seems to be a workaround; though I'm not sure how well this works if the colorpicker's popup is showing.
colorpicker.fireEvent(new ActionEvent());
3. Re: How to change the value of a color picker?FXit Jan 3, 2013 9:54 AM (in response to FXit)Hi *,
thanks for the information and the workaround, works fine for me.
4. Re: How to change the value of a color picker?Nikolai Varankine Nov 6, 2013 8:10 AM (in response to James_D)
Filed https://javafx-jira.kenai.com/browse/RT-34098 on this issue.


text:
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