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200 buildings near Juhu airport: PIL questions AAI's nod for building heights
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- The Time Of India
Jul 3, 2014, 07.27AM IST
http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/200-buildings-near-Juhu-airport-PIL-questions-AAIs-nod-for-building-heights/articleshow/37677279.cmsSwati Deshpande, TNN | MUMBAI:
200 buildings near Juhu airport: PIL questions AAI's nod for building heightsA public interest litigation in the Bombay high court has questioned the clearance allegedly granted by the Airports Authority of India to the height of about 200 buildings around the Juhu aerodrome and demanded that those exceeding the permissible heights under the Air Safety Regulations be demolished.
"The AAI has given illegal height clearance for about 200 buildings in violation of their own Air Safety Regulations and the rules of the Directorate General of Civil Aviation (DGCA)," said the PIL, which seeks judicial enforcement of right to life of residents and passengers as it says pilots are flying blind relying on an outdated Obstacle Mapping of 2000. "If any aircraft crashes into one of these buildings, the result will be catastrophe," said petitioner Yeshwanth Shenoy , an advocate.
Based on International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO) standards, the DGCA regulations say a residential building within a radius of 4km of an international airport should be 56.27 m high and that within 2.5 km of the Juhu Airport should be 49.87 m or 15-floor high. For commercial buildings, the height should be even less. The DGCA specifies that in overlapping areas, the lower height shall prevail.
Highlighting air safety concerns, the PIL has demanded that AAI be directed not to grant any more clearances for excess heights. Expected to come up in the HC on Thursday , the PIL also wants the HC to direct the AAI to furnish safety audits of Juhu and the international airport from 2005 and order criminal action against AAI officers and others who allegedly colluded to contravene air safety regulations to allow illegal heights for buildings that directly put people's lives in danger.
"Because of high demand for real estate around the 10km radius of these airports, a lobby of developers have been trying to get more than the permitted heights," said the PIL. Their efforts, it alleged, in "collusion with some top AAI officials" resulted in the 2011 Negi report. The report declared a Juhu runway non-operational and also allowed for the higher of the overlapping Inner Horizontal Surface heights to prevail, negating the existing air safety regulations. "The Negi Report by former AAI executive director JMS Negi is now a part of investigation by both the CBI and the CAG for criminality and corruption," the PIL said questioning if an aeronautical study can "override air safety regulations".
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People who use the class A drug ecstasy just once could be risking long-term brain damage, research has shown.
Prolonged use of the drug has long been known to lead to mental health problems, including depression, anxiety, confusion, sleeping difficulties and memory loss, but a new study has shown that even small amounts of ecstasy affect the brain.
The study, which was conducted at the University of Amsterdam, looked at 188 volunteers who had no history of using the drug but admitted that they were likely to do so in the future.
After around 18 months, the volunteers were evaluated for cell integrity and blood flow in the brain and those who had tried ecstasy just once exhibited a reduction in blood flow and adversely-affected cell architecture.
Researcher Maartje de Win said that the volunteers displayed poorer verbal memory and overall mental performance and added that researchers do not yet know whether the effects would be permanent.
"Therefore, we cannot conclude that ecstasy, even in small doses, is safe for the brain, and people should be informed of this risk," he commented.
The results are due to be presented today at the annual conference of the Radiological Society of North America.


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|Número de publicación
|Tipo de publicación
|Número de solicitud
|Fecha de publicación
|14 Ago 2008
|Fecha de presentación
|8 Feb 2008
|Fecha de prioridad
|8 Feb 2007
|Número de publicación
|James E. Clayton, Zakaryae Fathi, James R. Gentry
|Cesionario original
|Clayton James E, Zakaryae Fathi, Gentry James R
|Exportar cita
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Citada por (12), Clasificaciones (17), Eventos legales (1)
|Enlaces externos: USPTO, Cesión de USPTO, Espacenet
This application claims the benefit of Provisional Patent Application No. 60/900,238 by the present inventors, filed on Feb. 8, 2007, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.
1. Field of the Invention
The invention pertains to systems and methods for managing heat generated in computers, and more particularly to systems and methods for managing coolant flow adjacent to various heat-generating components
2. Description of Related Art
Heat generation from semiconductor devices impedes functionality in high performance computing systems such as the blade server market sector. High-speed computers or Blade servers are space-constrained and their performance depends on the number of microprocessors and memory modules they contain. An increase in memory modules density is accompanied by significant heat generation, which leads to soft failures (Corrupt data stream). This is unacceptable to medical, financial & military centers. The current solutions are based on external air-cooling. First, memory modules and microprocessors are equipped with heat sinks to draw heat away from one (1) side of the chips. Second, forced air is used to carry the heat away from devices and out of the blade server enclosure. Practical air velocities and heat sink thickness have reached their limits. The heat sinks are so thick that they obstruct the air channels between adjacent modules.
For this reason, several solutions have been proposed to reduce the thickness of the memory modules. By doing so, the gap between adjacent modules is increased and air-cooling is rendered more effective. These solutions were described in James E. Clayton previously issued patents as well as pending one. The Issued Patents include U.S. Pat. No. 6,665,190; U.S. Pat. No. 6,232,659; U.S. Pat. No. 6,091,145; U.S. Pat. No. 6,049,975; U.S. Pat. No. 5,731,633; U.S. Pat. No. 5,751,553; U.S. Pat. No. 5,708,297; and U.S. Pat. No. 5,661,339, the entire disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference.
These patents are based on the utilization of a core substrate and wrap-around flex circuit, which enables fragile Flip Chip or CSP packaged memory devices to be placed inside the substrate's core, rather than being exposed on the external surfaces of a traditional PCB. The resultant module is significantly thinner in cross-section and lower in mass.
The thinner cross-section enables more laminar airflow across the unobstructed external surfaces of the module and would allow adjacent modules to be spaced closer together with reduced mounting space on the motherboard. These attributes are extremely important for Blade Server applications
Objects of the present invention include: providing improved cooling to computer systems and components; providing more efficient flow of coolant adjacent to heat-generating components; providing more efficient use of space in compact computers, particularly blade servers; and, providing more efficient use of memory modules having integral heat exchange features. These and other objects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from consideration of the following specification, read in conjunction with the drawings.
Furthermore, as described in the Provisional Patent Application No. 60/780,440 by the present inventors, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference, the inventors saw innovative use for a hollow module interior that creates a conduit channel for liquid cooling of high wattage devices (e.g. microprocessors, micro-controllers, high performance DDR memory chips, etc.) The Flex circuit based DIMM (or FlexDIMM) design incorporates a dual-cooling approach to solve the chips thermal management problem and allows heat to escape in two directions. The memory die and AMB chips or registered chips are enclosed and protected by thin metal plates that provide for electromagnetic, electrostatic and mechanical protection.
The FlexDIMM's thinner profile enables recovering precious board space at the OEM level. The built-in EMI shielding ensures modules can be placed closer together yet operate at higher frequency without incurring or causing electrical interference. Enhanced thermal cooling enables better utilization of existing air flow and control solutions while simultaneously improving module density.
However, one of the keys to successful cooling at the module level resides in ensuring that airflow is available at the right space between the modules, which is a subject of the current invention.
Air used for cooling always flows the path of least resistance; for this reason along with the pressure drop between adjacent modules, air may flow around the modules and not between them where it is needed the most for effective heat exhaust. The innovation resides in the fact that most previously proposed solutions are either module level solutions or blade server level solutions. The current innovative solution is hereby proposed that combines module and chassis level cooling for best optimal results. The innovative cooling solution hereby proposed.
Applicants have recognized a need for an integrated solution at the module level (or between modules) and the air flow circulation path at the blade server chassis level. The state of the art calls for thin modules (to leave ample space between adjacent modules) and no obstruction between modules (to minimize air impedance). It stands to reason that fundamentals behind these recommendations hold true. In the present invention however, the air path is engineered to force air though between modules regardless of minor obstructions because no other path is available that may offer lesser resistance to air passage. The minor obstruction introduced between adjacent modules in the current invention is a high performance heat exchanger.
The present invention is intended, among other things, to channel the air available for cooling inside the chassis of the computing device to force the air into selected channels in the memory bank (i.e., between the modules and not around the modules or some other path of least resistance).
This tunneled cooling (or collimated cooling) is made possible by using a set of baffles (or apertures) placed upstream of and between the cooling air supply and the memory bank area to force air to go only through the rectangular space available between adjacent modules in the memory bank of the high speed computing machines (super computers or blade servers in these cases). In some instances, it may be desirable to include both a blower fan, for forcing cool air through the baffles and through the heat exchanger(s) aligned with openings in the baffles, and a suction fan to draw or pull air as it exits the rear of the blade server chassis.
The current invention includes a high performance heat exchanger to be thermally coupled to the memory chips and either placed between adjacent modules (in the memory bank) or integrated within a cross sectional area of the module that is in the cooling air path; whereby, the heat from a given module is transferred laterally to a heat sink that, in turn, transfers the heat to the heat exchanger which in turn is placed in the path of cool air. However in this case, the cool air has no other alternative path but to pass through the high performance heat exchanger. The efficiency of heat exhaust is thereby maximized. Lateral heat conduction and removal is a preferred method for module cooling in order to minimize the total module height of vertically mounted Very Low Profile (VLP) memory modules.
The concept of designing a baffle around the memory bank to channel air between adjacent modules and to place a high performance heat exchanger between adjacent modules, is applicable to a wide range of modules; however, it is particularly suitable for a set of memory modules with unique packaging techniques that further enhance the heat exhaust.
Advanced computing systems require high-density memory modules. For this reason, the ability to build high-density memory modules that are fully reworkable and using minimal expensive "pre-stacked" memory chips is of considerable interest. The flex circuit used in the FlexDIMM allows for folds that effectively lead to a high packing density using existing standard chips. Furthermore, Applicants have provisions for replacing any defective chips after the assembly is complete. This is achieved though an innovation packaging technique described below.
Memory modules can be single rank (18 chips), dual rank (36 chips) or full (four) rank (72 chips). Higher density (a greater number of memory chips) enables higher overall computing capability. Pre-stacked memory die packages offer a way of increasing density at the memory module level. The pre-stacked die can be a dual die package (DDP) or a quad die package (QDP). Both the DDP and the QDP are more expensive that single or monolithic die. For this reason a reworkable module is called for to enable exchanging whatever defective package so that the module is made fully functional. It is obvious that module production yields are affected by the functionality of the various die.
The single sided cooling Flex DIMM module consists of semiconductor components mounted to and interconnected by a multilayer flex circuit that is integrally (and thermally) coupled to the base side of a single sided heat sink. This configuration is mirrored about the center plane of the module completing the assembly. The removal of heat from the semiconductor devices is accomplished by conducting heat away from the component, through the flex circuit, and directly into the cooling air stream by the means of a single sided high performance forced convection heat sink. This heat sink utilizes a forced air convection heat transfer process to transport the heat from the heat sink base out to the dissipating surfaces and then into the cooling air stream. The forced convection cooling air stream impinges onto one end of the Flex DIMM module heat sink, and flows along the length of the heat sink dissipating surface. The high performance forced convection heat sink accomplishes its enhanced dissipating properties by the means of extended surfaces that protrude from the heat sink base into the cooling air stream offering a much larger surface area for transferring heat. These extended surfaces could take the form of longitudinal fins, perpendicular pins fins, or any type of array of features integral to heat sink base that protrude out from the base surface into the cooling air stream. The fins themselves could have any cross-sectional profiles such as rectangular, circular, diamond shaped, etc., and they could also be straight or tapered.
The double sided cooling Flex DIMM module consists of semiconductor components mounted to and interconnected by a multilayer flex circuit that is integrally coupled to both sides of a double sided cold plate heat exchanger. This configuration is mirrored about the center plane of the module completing the assembly. The removal of heat from the semiconductor devices is accomplished by conducting heat away from the component, through the flex circuit, and directly into the cooling air stream by the means of a double sided, high performance, forced convection, cold plate heat exchanger. This heat exchanger utilizes a forced air convection heat transfer process to transport the heat from the heat exchanger sidewalls, to the dissipating surfaces, and into the cooling air stream. The forced convection cooling air stream impinges onto one end of the Flex DIMM module heat exchanger, and flows through the length of the enclosed heat exchanger sidewalls, across the heat exchanger sink dissipating surfaces. The high performance forced convection heat sink accomplishes its enhanced dissipating properties by the means of extended surfaces that protrude from one heat exchanger sidewall and to the other sidewall into the cooling sir stream offering a much larger surface area for transferring heat. These extended surfaces could take the form of thin plate fins of a variety of thickness and pitch. They could be of a straight or tapered cross-section and they could straight or wavy. The extended surfaces could also be pin fins that extend from one side wall to the other and they could have any cross-sectional profiles such as rectangular, circular, diamond shaped, etc., and they could also be straight or tapered. The shape and cross sectional area of the cooling fins is expected to be custom engineered for specific chassis enclosures and air flow specifications.
In a package memory die, heat escapes predominantly from the solder balls area than through the package itself. This holds true regardless of the package configuration single, dual or quad. For this reason, from a thermal management stand point, it is preferred to mount the chips on flex and attach the flex (with thermal vias) onto a heat sink that is in contact with cool air for best heat removal.
The innovative memory module configuration proposed in the current invention yields better thermal cooling, better thickness, lower height for VLP configurations, and built-in heat exchanger and offers full rework capability. For the best use, the chips are mounted on Flex and the flex opposite the solder balls of the chip is attached using a thermally conductive material to a heat sink that in turn is attached or integral with a heat exchanger. It may be better to attach the flex directly to a heat exchanger that act as the heat sink, mechanical protection and EMI shielding.
The innovative module packaging is shown for a full rank module (with DDP) in
This special lid can have a plurality of air inlets and outlets to direct the cooling air to the inside of the module but also the lateral heat sinks of the module.
The configuration shown in
Using this high performance heat exchanger in combination with a different folding technique on the module would yield yet another 4 rank VLP DIMM with unprecedented thermal management capability. Also by adding heat sinks to further cool the chips on the die package side and to provide mechanical protection gives an ultimate module for heat exchange with full rework capability as shown schematically in
Another way of building a full rank module without folding the flex, to enable a VLP configuration, is possible as illustrated in
Yet another way of building a 4 rank VLP module with a low profile (i.e., short module height) is illustrated in
Instead of 4 rank modules, the same techniques can be used for dual rank modules as illustrated in
To further illustrate the cooling technique in the current invention, a series of modules with build in heat exchangers are illustrated in
Similarly, the aperture can be tailored to a different module design as illustrated schematically in
It will be appreciated that as an additional benefit, the tunneled cooling enables the modules to be placed closer together because air no longer propagates between modules by virtue of a path of least resistance. Air is now forced (by design) into high performance heat exchangers strategically placed in high-density modules to remove heat. Pressure drop between modules no longer dictates the airflow path. Rather, by engineering the air path to restrict and direct the airflow, designers using the present invention are able to bring the modules closer together and save precious board space or add more functionality.
The baffles illustrated above could be installed or fixed to the chassis as a separate shaped metal or plastic piece, or attached or integrated with the front cover of the Blade server chassis or press-fitted or clipped to some portion of the bank of DIMM sockets previously mounted within the server computer.
Although the descriptions within this provisional application are directed specifically to memory module devices and applications for server computer environments (e.g. Fully Buffered DIMM (FB-DIMM), Very Low Profile (VLP) DIMM, Registered (R-DIMM), Graphic (G-DIMM), etc.) it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art of electronic component packaging that other heat dissipating integrated cicruit (IC) devices, in particular microprocessor chips or graphic accelerator chips, can benefit from the invention, as will other end-use applications, such as high performance game computer consoles, workstations, and desktop or tower computers and even laptop or notebook computers.
It should also be noted that, although the cooling fluid discussed in some of the exemplary embodiments of the present invention is air, it will be understood that other gaseous or liquid cooling fluids, such as liquid fluorocarbons (e.g. Freon), water, helium, or other fluid known to one versed in the art of electronic component thermal cooling, may be employed in the present invention.
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|Clasificación de EE.UU.
|361/679.53, 361/719, 361/694
|Clasificación internacional
|Clasificación cooperativa
|Clasificación europea
|23 May 2008
Owner name: MICROELECTRONICS ASSEMBLY TECHNOLOGIES, INC., NORT
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:CLAYTON, JAMES E.;FATHI, ZAKARYAE;GENTRY, JAMES R.;REEL/FRAME:021062/0036
Effective date: 20080516


text:
Description: With its user-friendly organization and descriptive illustrations, this is a nice overview of basic orthodontic principles.
Purpose: Although there is no stated purpose, the book does provide objectives for each chapter that are simply stated and relevant.
Audience: The author suggests an audience of students who are new to orthodontics, general practitioners, pediatric dentists, and related specialists. It is a good resource for practicing general dentists who seek to understand the basic principles of orthodontics and it is useful as a study guide for training dental students.
Features: The 23 chapters cover basic topics ranging from the etiology of malocclusion to definitions of malocclusion and, finally, various treatment modalities. The book also includes contemporary appliances and techniques that represent an up-to-date perspective of orthodontic principles. The illustrations are vivid and simple to follow, increasing their educational value. There is no shortage of illustrations and helpful diagrams.
Assessment: This book offers a well-organized overview of the orthodontic field and is a nice addition to the general practitioner's collection. This fourth edition nicely incorporates clinical advances in technology with well-placed illustrations and tables.


text:
The Development of Timing Control and Temporal Organization in Coordinated Action
Invariant Relative Timing, Rhythms and Coordination
Edited By
- J. Fagard, Laboratoire de Psycho-Biologie de l'Enfant, EPHE-CNRS (URA 315), Paris, France
- P.H. Wolff, The Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
This volume examines the development of timing in coordinated action from several different ontogenetic perspectives. Some chapters emphasize the qualitative changes in manifest motor behavior during the early growth years and examine the relation between temporal characteristics of pre- and perinatal movements and goal directed actions with qualitatively different rules of temporal organization. Other contributors stress the developmentally invariant timing characteristics of species-typical and perhaps genetically programmed motor patterns of nonhuman organisms.Also examined is the molecular machinery that generates circumscribed motor patterns with stable temporal characteristics, as well as the reversible influences of peripheral feedback on and the interactions among discrete pattern generators. Despite their basic theoretical differences, both formulations imply the same generic hypothesis: that the temporal characteristics of manifest movement or action are controlled by central agencies acting on the peripheral skeleto-muscular system in a hierarchic top-down mode.View full description
Book information
- Published: September 1991
- Imprint: NORTH-HOLLAND


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An Inside Look At Betaworks, The Startup Studio To Rule Them All
betaworks has been around for almost ten years now, standing as a leading example of how a startup studio should run. Years ago, I asked betaworks founder John Borthwick how he would define betaworks. He had trouble coming up terminology he was comfortable with — after all, betaworks is part seed-fund, part umbrella corporation, and though he would hate for me to say so, part… Read More
Betaworks-Backed Glitter Is A Personal Trading Cards App
Every two years, betaworks brings in brand new entrepreneurs and helps them bake up a new batch of products and services. In 2013, those companies included Giphy, Dots, and Poncho. Now the startup studio is ready to introduce its first new product of the 2015 batch. World, meet Glitter! Read More
Betaworks-Backed Scale Model Launches To Help Advertisers Target Twitter Communities
Scale Model, the first company to launch out of betawork's newest batch of hacker-in-residence projects, is trying to offer advertisers on Twitter a much more targeted experience than they've ever had. The service identifies communities on Twitter (based on interests) and listens to those communities to understand what kind of content they're sharing and ultimately target… Read More
Giphy Makes Email Slightly Less Horrendous With Giphy For Gmail Extension
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Dots, the mobile gaming studio responsible for two dead-simple but beautiful games, is today announcing the close of a $10 million round, as well as the official spinout of Dots as its own company, separate from betaworks. The series A round is co-led by Greycroft Partners and TenCent, which Dots cofounder and CEO Paul Murphy reminded TechCrunch is the largest gaming company in the world based… Read More
Homescreen Is Betaworks' Latest Experiment-Turned-Product
When someone picks up their phone to take a peek, I can't help but take a peek, too. Whether it's a perfect stranger on the train or the girl I've had a crush on for months, I can't help but look. With the latest product out of betaworks, you can take that curiosity to a whole new level. Read More
Alphaworks, The Equity Crowdfunding Platform From Betaworks, Brings On Erin Glenn As CEO
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At the start of every day, most people check the weather. They go to the weather app on their phone, or open up weather.com, or perhaps they lick their finger and stick it out the window. I, however, get my weather updates from Poncho. Read More
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The Gillmor Gang — John Borthwick, Dan Farber, Keith Teare, Kevin Marks, and Steve Gillmor — take a walk on the wild side as The New York Times publishes all the news that fits. Except, that is, the news about itself. The Twitterverse is clogged with leaked Innovation reports, business model Kremlin Wall analysis, and newsroom disappearances galore. For the record, we also stop in… Read More


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Im looking for a engineer who has a passion for creating beats...this would be a on going process for the engineer I choose. I'm working on a new album 15-20 tracks max. This album consist of a Hip-Hop/Reggae style with a r&b twist.
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Just as he's done for the past few years, Brett Favre has began his summer chatter with the media.The 40-year-old QB had surgery on his injured ankle earlier this year, just in case he decides to come back for a 20th NFL season."The great … [Read on]
Favre is talking to the papers again
Begging LeBron To Come: Wining And Dining Edition
We knew that the New York Knicks were gonna to pull out all the stops in pursuit of LeBron James. So it shouldn't surprise you that the Knicks are readying plans to wine and dine LeBron and his crew in New York on July 1.According to a source, the … [Read on]
It's NBA Draft time
The fourth Thursday of June is upon us again, translation for basketball enthusiasts, it's time for the NBA Draft.In the NBA world, the draft is the quickest way to move from the pretender category to a bonafide contender. In recent years, through … [Read on]
Oh, You Didn't Know Albert Haynesworth Was Always Planning To Attend Training Camp?
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YouTube Adds A Vuvuzela Button Presumingly To Piss You Off
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20 Places Every Christian Must Go
20 Places Every Christian Must Go
A Christian is defined as one who professes belief in the teachings of Jesus Christ. Jesus is known for leading his church in community outreaches. He always wanted to help better the lives of others and make a better world for everyone to live in. Christians should remember this when leading their life and thinking of places to explore and embrace their Christianity.
While Jesus would want you to discover the holy lands, he would also want you to embrace your Christianity and visit places where the less fortunate are so you can practice your Christian duties. With that in mind, here are 20 places every Christian must go.
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Within and Without the State aims to improve the quality and effectiveness of civil society programming in fragile and conflict-affected settings.
Half of the world's poorest and most vulnerable people are living in fragile or conflict-affected states.
Within and Without the State is a five-year global initiative enabling Oxfam to pilot a variety of approaches to working with civil society to promote more accountable governance in conflict-affected and fragile contexts. The programme has a component which captures and shares knowledge and learning about what makes programming in these settings effective.
The programme, which runs from 2011-2016, has shown that effective governance work is possible in fragile contexts, and can achieve change. It has demonstrated that working with civil society is an appropriate entry point; beyond this, empowering civil society actors to engage with power-holders is essential to achieving good governance and accountability. The programme has also explored:
• Using the 'social contract' model to enable constructive engagement between citizens and the state
• Tackling gender inequality
• Understanding informal power-holders and how to influence them
• Adapting civil society capacity building techniques from long-term development work
• Risk management and applied complexity theory when setting strategy
Core publications are displayed below, all Within and Without the State resources can be found in our publications section. The Within and Without the State programme is funded by UK aid through the Department for International Development's (DFID) Programme Partnership Arrangement (PPA) for work on
conflict, humanitarian and security issues.
Within and Without the State works in three focus countries:
WWS has become increasingly aware of the role of religious leaders (Ulema) in shaping attitudes and practices in Afghanistan, and of the possibility of harnessing their potential as change-makers. WWS has therefore worked to make new connections between religious leaders and women leaders. This has helped to shift attitudes and build co-operation; some Mullahs have now suggested that women qualified in Islamic law could work together with them on resolving conflict, tackling harmful traditional practices, and expanding the culture of tolerance.
In Gaza, WWS co-financed work funded by the European Instrument for Democracy and Human Rights (EIDHR). WWS is now building the capacity of NGOs and community-based organisations to address the impact of the Israeli blockade and advocate for freedom of movement throughout the OPT.
An action research project has been carried out which aims to identify how change happens across OPTI, what opportunities for influence exist in this increasingly restrictive environment, and what Oxfam's role in achieving change should be. The research found that women with disabilities is one of the vulnerable population groups that has been most impacted by the war. Around 40,000 people with disability are living In Gaza Strip, approximately 20,000 of them are women. Women organizations acknowledge the fact that women with disabilities are rarely their focus of work and this
programme seeks to build a coalition with an action plan to address this.
Oxfam in South Sudan has a historical focus on humanitarian programming and had previously undertaken limited development work. WWS has provided an opportunity for the country programme to innovate around governance, and has successfully developed activities to promote accountability between citizens and the state. This involves strengthening civil society's voice and ability to engage effectively with power-holders at various levels. This approach promotes the idea of a 'social contract' between civil society and the state. Each actor has their own roles and
responsibilities to fulfil; by engaging with each other, sharing views, experience, and expertise, they can work together to create a more effective state.
This work has acted as a catalyst for the rest of the Oxfam programme as it has demonstrated that it is possible to start a long-term development programme in a fragile context. WWS in South Sudan is now working in two states, building cooperation and accountability between civil society and the state as well strengthening women's empowerment at the household level.
Until March 2015 we were working in Yemen, but the humanitarian crisis which has engulfed much of the country has led the country team to close its planned WWS-funded governance work. As a result we are working now in DRC on a programme modelled on the Community Protection Committees which have worked so well in Eastern Congo. The intention is to do similar work in Western Congo.
What does active citizenship look like in a conflict affected state like South Sudan? Richard Chilvers, WWS Learning and Communications Officer,... Read more
Is long term programming possible in fragile states? For the last three years we've been working with civil society in South Sudan, Yemen, Afghanistan... Read more
Can Oxfam tackle gender inequality in conflict-affected countries? Here, Louie Fooks explains why working on gender inequality is not only possible,... Read more
Long term governance programming in fragile contexts is painstaking but rewarding work. Rama Anthony shares experiences from South Sudan and... Read more
This week the Within and Without the State (WWS) programme is sharing its experience from South Sudan at a UNDP expert practitioners meeting in New... Read more
More blogs on Within and Without a State
Office location: Oxford, UK
See profile
© 2015. Oxfam is a registered charity in England and Wales (no 202918) and Scotland (SC039042). Oxfam GB is a member of the international confederation Oxfam.


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Play Your Role: Birchall
Grant Birchall's teammates talk about the role he plays for the team.
6:30pm Sep 20, 2015
Good habits the focus, says Birchall
Hawthorn's focus will be on getting into "good habits" against Carlton on Saturday, defender Grant Birchall says.
2:15pm Sep 1, 2015
Seamless return from Birchall
Easing back into the swing of things on his return from injury wasn't an option for Grant Birchall on Saturday.
11:18am Jun 29, 2015


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The WordPress Website & SEO Club is based in Salt Lake City. Depending on the subject, we may limit the number of attendees at certain events in order to keep the setting small and agile for learning purposes.
WordPress is free open source software, as are most of the plugins and many themes. The software is constantly being updated and improved, so learning WordPress is an ongoing process. Consider this club to be both for education and support for your WordPress web endeavors!
WordPress Website & SEO Club of Salt Lake City is organized by Channa Connolly, proprietor of WordPressZen Web Design and Internet Marketing. Channa helps small business people to develop SEO supercharged WordPress websites and to streamline and integrate of all their Internet Marketing campaigns (video, social media, email, geo-targeted).
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The Good, the Bad and the Ugly (1966)
Critic Consensus: Arguably the greatest of the spaghetti westerns, this epic features a compelling story, memorable performances, breathtaking landscapes, and a haunting score.
The Good, the Bad and the Ugly Videos & Photos
Movie Info
In the last and the best installment of his so-called "Dollars" trilogy of Sergio Leone-directed "spaghetti westerns," Clint Eastwood reprised the role of a taciturn, enigmatic loner. Here he searches for a cache of stolen gold against rivals the Bad (Lee Van Cleef), a ruthless bounty hunter, and the Ugly (Eli Wallach), a Mexican bandit. Though dubbed "the Good," Eastwood's character is not much better than his opponents -- he is just smarter and shoots faster. The film's title reveals its ironic attitude toward the canonized heroes of the classical western. "The real West was the world of violence, fear, and brutal instincts," claimed Leone. "In pursuit of profit there is no such thing as good and evil, generosity or deviousness; everything depends on chance, and not the best wins but the luckiest." Immensely entertaining and beautifully shot in Techniscope by Tonino Delli Colli, the movie is a virtually definitive "spaghetti western," rivaled only by Leone's own Once Upon a Time in the West (1968). The main musical theme by Ennio Morricone hit #1 on the British pop charts. Originally released in Italy at 177 minutes, the movie was later cut for its international release. ~ Yuri German, Rovi … More
|Directed By:
|Sergio Leone
|Written By:
|Sergio Leone, Luciano Vincenzoni, Furio Scarpelli, Age, Agenore Incrocci
|In Theaters:
|Dec 23, 1966 Wide
|On DVD:
|Nov 18, 1997
as Man With No Name
as Tuco
as Angel Eyes
as Father Pablo
as Maria
as Alcoholic Union Capt...
as Cpl. Wallace
as Mexican Peon
as Storekeeper
as Baker
as Jackson / Bill Carso...
as Mexican Peon
as Member of Angel Eyes...
as Monk
as Stevens
as Stevens' Wife (uncre...
as Member of Angel Eyes...
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Critic Reviews for The Good, the Bad and the Ugly
All Critics (67) | Top Critics (13) | Fresh (65) | Rotten (2) | DVD (38)
All three arrive at the cache at the same time. Who gets it? Director Leone doesn't seem to care very much, and after 161 minutes of mayhem, audiences aren't likely to either.
The third in the Clint Eastwood series of Italo westerns, The Good, the Bad and the Ugly is exactly that -- a curious amalgam of the visually striking, the dramatically feeble and the offensively sadistic.
Though ordained from the beginning, the three-way showdown that climaxes the film is tense and thoroughly astonishing.
Sergio Leone's grandiose 1966 western epic is nothing less than a masterclass in movie storytelling, a dynamic testament to the sheer, invigorating uniqueness of cinema.
Leone's liberal use of widescreen shots in conjunction with extreme close-ups gives the movie an epic quality that is matched in scope by a skeletal narrative structure that breathes with a poker-faced mood, tone, and personality.
A unique vision of the American West as place of desolation and ruin on a truly epic scale.
Audience Reviews for The Good, the Bad and the Ugly
Three outlaws pursue a cache of gold hidden in a grave.
While canonical, this film is oddly structured with its inciting incident pushed to an hour and fifteen minutes into its three-hour run time. What the film is saying about goodness (or ugliness or badness) is unclear as the "good" is just as bad as the "ugly," but I can imagine that it's attempting to show that morality is more contextual than absolute, creating, as it does, an environment in which everybody is immoral even the Union and Confederate troops, who seem to be passing through this film on their way to another.
Beautifully shot and operatic in scope, the filmmaking is remarkable even if the story-telling is perplexing.
Overall, this classic western isn't bad or good or ugly, just moderately interesting.
Super Reviewer
Super Reviewer
The final part of "the man with no name" trilogy sees Clint competing with his erstwhile partner and a coldly vicious mercenary for some buried stolen loot. The remarkable thing about Leone's series is the fact that even the best film trilogies (ie The Godfather, the original Star Wars et al) good as they were, never quite captured the magic of the original. Leone's however began brilliantly, and just kept getting better. The trio are introduced in highly effective opening scenes once again, often using only eye contact and body language to convey their personalities; it's actually 10 full minutes into the film before a single syllable is uttered. Leone continues the theme of the old west as an environment of "every man for himself" as the characters are constantly backstabbing and lying to each other, even "the good" is an immoral con man who betrays his partner as soon as it is convenient (but I guess "The bad, the bad and the bad" didn't have the same ring to it!) All of this is set to a backdrop of the American Civil war which is treated in a way that has far more in common with Apocalypse Now than John Ford. The scene in which a drunken Union captain prays for the destruction of a vital bridge to end the carnage is particularly memorable. But it is Eli Wallach's Tuco that virtually steals the film out from under Clint; his immoral and cowardly double crosser brings a lot of humour to the film and was surely a big influence on Johnny Depp whilst creating the character of Captain Jack. My one gripe is that the second act is rather weaker than the opening and conclusion, which is particularly apparent when Morricone's otherwise excellent score descends into conspicuous sappiness. Despite this, The Good, The Bad And The Ugly is a clear contender for the best western ever made.
Super Reviewer
The Good, the Bad and the Ugly Quotes
|Tuco the Ugly:
|If you work for a living, why do you kill yourself working?
|Tuco the Ugly:
|How much?
|Tuco the Ugly:
|There are two kinds of spurs, my friend. Those that come in by the door; those that come in by the window.
|Tuco the Ugly:
|If you save your breath I feel a man like you can manage it. And if you don't manage it, you'll die. Only slowly, very slowly old friend.
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Page 1
RE-AIMing Research for Application: Ways to
Improve Evidence for Family Medicine
Russell E. Glasgow, PhD
Objective: To outline changes in clinical research design and measurement that should enhance the
relevance of research to family medicine.
Methods: Review of the traditional efficacy research paradigm and discussion of why this needs to be
expanded. Presentation of practical clinical and behavioral trials frameworks, and of the RE-AIM model
for planning, evaluating, and reporting studies.
Results: Recommended changes to improve the external validity and relevance of research to family
medicine include studying multiple clinical practices, realistic alternative program choices, heteroge-
neous and representative patients, and multiple outcomes including cost, behavior change of patients
and staff, generalization, and quality of life.
Conclusions: The methods and procedures discussed can help program planners, evaluators and
readers of research articles to evaluate the replicability, consistency of effects, and likelihood of wide-
spread adoption of interventions. (J Am Board Fam Med 2006;19:11–9.)
Family medicine is by nature pragmatic and con-
textual. It deals with making practical decisions on
complex and multiple issues in ways that are con-
gruent with family values and situations.1,2Like
other areas of medicine, it is also adopting evi-
dence-based medicine as a key feature of its current
and future direction.1Unfortunately, the evidence
available for family medicine often does not address
the above issues. Most available evidence comes
from studies that attempt to rule out threats to
validity by studying isolated issues and controlling
or standardizing contextual factors.3,4This creates
a gap between the available evidence and the situ-
ations and context in which the evidence needs to
be applied.
This article has 2 primary purposes. First, it
discusses how future primary care research might
be "Re-Aimed" to be more relevant and practical.
Second, it provides a series of questions that family
physicians can ask to determine the applicability of
research reports to their setting and to help plan
primary care programs that have broad impact.
Why Change and What Might Be Changed?
The gap between research and practice has been
extensively documented5,6and is increasingly the
topic of meetings and initiatives.7–9However, few
projects have addressed one of the fundamental
causes of the gap between research and practice:
Many family physicians and health system decision
makers do not see much of the available research
evidence as applicable to their setting. Specific is-
sues concern the types of patients, settings, and
resources available (including time), and outcomes
Table 1 summarizes key differences between the
traditional "efficacy study" evidence most often
available, and the evidence from practical effective-
ness studies needed to help integrate research into
practice.4There are both conceptual and philoso-
phy of science differences, and methodological/
design differences between available efficacy stud-
ies and those that are needed to inform family
medicine. As shown, the traditional efficacy ap-
proach attempts to maximize internal validity by
isolating causes so that treatment or theoretical
mechanisms can be identified. In contrast, practical
effectiveness studies aim to identify widely applica-
ble, replicable programs that will work in a variety
of different contexts. For heuristic purposes, Table
1 presents efficacy and effectiveness studies as a
Submitted 12 July 2005; revised 24 August 2005; accepted
29 August 2005.
From Kaiser Permanente Colorado, Denver, CO
This article is based on a presentation made at the 2005
Convocation of Practices, hosted by the American Academy
of Family Physicians National Research Network and the
Federation of Practice-based Research Networks, Colorado
Springs, CO, March 2005.
Conflict of interest: none declared.
Corresponding author: Russell E. Glasgow, PhD, Kaiser
Permanente Colorado, 335 Road Runner Lane, Penrose,
CO 81240 (E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com).
Page 2
dichotomy, whereas in reality, there is a continuum
of research designs and many studies have elements
of both efficacy and effectiveness research. Because
of the preponderance of studies toward the efficacy
end of the continuum in the literature and which
form the basis for current practice recommenda-
tions, this paper focuses on how we might change
such designs. It is recognized that not all studies
need to be "complete" effectiveness studies, but
movement in this direction would generally en-
hance the relevance of research data.
Design differences between efficacy and effec-
tiveness studies impact the inferences that can be
made from a given study. To maximize internal
validity and chances of finding a treatment effect,
efficacy studies tend to recruit homogeneous,
highly motivated patients to participate in highly
structured, intensive interventions that are con-
ducted in one or a few settings. In contrast, effec-
tiveness studies focus on heterogeneity and repre-
sentativeness of both patients and settings, and
emphasize interventions that are more flexible to
address unique issues.
As Larry W. Green has said, "If we want more
evidence-based practice, then we need more prac-
tice-based evidence."10
Practical Clinical Trials
Tunis et al,11have proposed criteria for "practical
clinical trials," that should also be more relevant for
family medicine. There are 4 key characteristics of
practical trials. They study representative patients;
are conducted in multiple settings; use reasonable
alternative intervention choices as controls rather
than placebos or "usual care;" and report on out-
comes relevant to patients, clinicians, potential
adoptees, and policy makers.11
Tunis et al,11recommend having diverse sam-
ples of both patients and clinical settings. In par-
ticular, they recommend using few exclusion crite-
ria so that the complex, comorbid cases seen in
primary care are included. Their recommendations
for inclusion of community practice settings are
very compatible with practice-based research net-
work research approaches within primary care.12
Inclusion of a variety of different settings also per-
mits investigation of variations in both processes
and outcomes of care. In particular, it is recom-
mended that studies include practices in small, ru-
ral, mixed payer and safety net settings as well as
those that are part of larger health systems.
The third characteristic of practical clinical trials
is that they use realistic alternative treatment com-
parisons–not just no treatment, placebo, or "usual
care."11,13The rationale for this is that clinicians
and policy makers need to make decisions among
alternative interventions, and including direct com-
parisons provides more valuable information on
intervention strengths and weaknesses than does
just knowing that a number of alternative treat-
ments are each better than placebo or no treatment.
Tunis et al,11stress that it is important to collect
multiple outcomes. Family medicine investigations
could accelerate translation if more studies would
collect the types of measures discussed below. My
colleagues and I have proposed a comprehensive,
yet feasible, set of measures summarized in Table
2.14,15The first 4 measures listed can be collected
without adding any burden to patients. Contextual
factors and moderating variables are important de-
Table 1. Purpose, Intent, and Elements of Traditional Efficacy Studies and Practical Effectiveness Trials
IssueTraditional Efficacy Study Practical Effectiveness Trial
I. Purpose and intent
Study goal
Key criteria
Purpose/world view
Decisions regarding
II. Study elements
Isolate treatment mechanism; unique approach
Internal validity
Isolate cause
Replicable treatment
External validity
Understand program in context
Practice and policy
Homogeneous, motivated
Homogeneous, single or few under control of
Intensive, highly structured, complex
Heterogeneous, representative
Heterogeneous, multiple to evaluate
generalization across settings
Less intensive, moderate structure, and flexible to
permit options
Regular staff in representative settings
Intervention staff Research staff or highly trained experts
January–February 2006 Vol. 19 No. 1http://www.jabfm.org
Page 3
terminants of intervention outcomes. Information
on practice characteristics can add a great deal to
understanding how interventions work–or do not
work. The closely related issue of how interven-
tions are implemented in practical trials is also
critical to interpretation. Often not all components
of a program are delivered equally, and some ele-
ments in complex programs may be delivered dif-
ferently over time. In addition, it is important to
understand the breadth of application or the facets
of patients, practices, time and contexts across
which study results generalize.16,17Program effec-
tiveness often varies across settings and subgroups
of users. We need to report on such contextual
effects, especially those related to health disparities.
Cost and Economic Measures
One of the greatest evaluation needs is for more
systematic collection of economic measures. Until
more is known about the costs and cost-effectiveness
of new interventions, it is unreasonable to expect
decision or policy makers to adopt or reimburse such
programs. Admittedly, comprehensive economic
analyses that determine outcomes such as cost-benefit
or cost offsets18,19require considerable time and ex-
pertise, and may be beyond the scope of many pri-
mary care studies. However, it should be feasible for
almost all projects to collect measures of intervention
costs, and to estimate what Meenan et al,20have
called replication costs, which estimate what it would
cost to deliver the intervention in other settings. One
caveat regarding economic measures is that "costs are
not costs are not costs." Thus, potential adoptees may
want to see a breakout of costs by category, because
many settings have different budgets for upfront ver-
sus gradually accrued costs, and for equipment or
software versus personnel costs.
The last 3 measures in Table 2 do require patients'
involvement, but are essential to evaluating outcomes
and for decision making. Measures of behavior
change, biological changes or clinical outcomes, and
quality of life (and/or potential negative outcomes)
are recommended. Clinical outcomes are widely ac-
cepted and almost universally included in primary
care studies and will not be discussed further.
Behavior Change
Because the intent of many primary care interven-
tions is to assist patients in changing their health
ication regularly) or to have staff change their care
behaviors, it is important to directly assess behavior
change. It is not sufficient to simply measure knowl-
edge or biological outcomes, and assume that behav-
ior change occurs.15,21Although there are usually
linkages among these measures, knowing what hap-
pened on one outcome does not necessarily permit
inference about results in other domains.
A major challenge to collecting behavioral out-
comes has been the length of assessments required.
Two relatively recent developments have combined
to change this situation. First, brief forms of measures
have been developed that perform almost as well as
longer forms.22–24Second, when the intent of a mea-
sure is to assess intervention effects, the most relevant
criterion for selecting a measure is its sensitivity to
change: it does not necessarily need to have extraor-
dinarily high levels of internal consistency (often ob-
tained by having lengthy surveys). Glasgow, Ory,
Klesges et al,23have recently recommended measures
for dietary change, physical activity, risky drinking,
and smoking that should be sufficiently sensitive, yet
brief enough to be used in primary care interventions
dation is that an instrument should be capable of
detecting an intervention effect, if present, with 100
patients per condition.
Quality of Life and Potential Adverse Effects
There are multiple reasons to recommend collection
of quality-of-life measures. The first is that well-val-
idated, quality-of-life measures provide a common
metric on which to compare interventions for differ-
ent problems and different behaviors. Several authors
have argued that improving quality of life is the ulti-
mate goal of health care.25,26Especially if quality of
life can be converted to quality adjusted life years,19it
provides a convenient and widely understood metric
for comparing diverse programs. There are now sev-
eral well-validated, brief quality-of-life measures,
Table 2. Proposed Translational Research
Measurement Package
Contextual factors
Implementation consistency
Generalization (reach, adoption, maintenance)
Economic outcomes
Behavior change (including clinical staff behavior, such as
quality of care delivery, if applicable)
Biologic change or clinical outcomes
Quality of life
http://www.jabfm.org 13
Page 4
such as the WHO-527and the CDC Healthy Days
measures28that are sensitive to change and appropri-
ate for diverse cultural groups.
Quality-of-life measures can also evaluate whether
a program inadvertently creates adverse outcomes or
unintended consequences. It is now apparent that
many health care interventions have created unin-
tended adverse consequences.29We cannot assume
that because programs were well intended, that they
will not cause harm. Quality-of-life measures can as-
sess whether an intervention does more harm than
good. Given limited time and the competing de-
mands faced by both patients and health care provid-
ers,30,31devoting greater attention to one health risk
factor may mean doing less of some other valuable
activity. Primary care programs, especially those not
collecting quality-of-life measures, may want to col-
lect measures of nontargeted health behaviors or of
HEDIS items32to ensure that quality of care in non-
targeted areas is not adversely affected.
Summarizing this section, practical studies should:
study representative patients and settings (clinics); use
comparison conditions that include alternative inter-
ventions (especially if one wants to claim that their
program is superior to existing programs); collect a
broad range of measures (Table 2); and present those
results in a way that is understandable to decision
makers and stakeholders.11,13,14
RE-AIM Evaluation Framework
For innovators who wish to have their program
widely adopted, it can be helpful to follow a trans-
lation framework throughout the planning, imple-
mentation, analysis, reporting, and refinement of
their product. It is beyond the scope of this paper to
discuss the relative advantages of different frame-
works,33–36but almost all are influenced by the
pioneering work of Rogers' Diffusion of Innova-
tions model,35and of Green and Kreuter's PRE-
CEDE-PROCEED model.33
This article discusses implications and recom-
mendations from the RE-AIM framework.36,37RE-
AIM is an acronym that stands for Reach (partici-
pation rate and representativeness of participants);
Effectiveness (on both primary outcomes and qual-
ity-of-life/negative consequences); Adoption (par-
ticipation rate and representativeness among set-
tings and staff that begin or attempt a program);
Implementation or program delivery, and Mainte-
nance or sustainability at both patient and setting
levels (www.re-aim.org). Each dimension is impor-
tant for determining the eventual population-based
impact of a program, and different interventions
probably have different patterns of results across
these 5 dimensions.37,38For example, a simple
mail-based program encouraging patients to take a
preventive action (eg, go for cancer screening) will
probably have high reach and be widely adopted by
many offices, but by itself have limited effective-
ness. In contrast, a more intensive, multisession
medical group visit intervention that requires pa-
tients to return repeated times would probably have
lower reach, might be adopted by fewer practices
(because of cost and complexity), but will probably
be more effective for those who participate.
Different clinicians may wish to emphasize one RE-
AIM dimension over others or to make adoption deci-
sions based on dimension(s) most important to their
practice. However, it would be helpful to have a com-
posite index to summarize the public health impact of
different programs. At the individual user level, overall
of the Reach of a program multiplied by its Effective-
ness.39,40Reach is a function of both the participation
rate and the representativeness of those users.41Effec-
program (effect size serves as a common metric across
diverse content areas); adjusted for any adverse impacts
on quality of life or other outcomes; and for differential
impact across population subgroups,41with special ref-
erence to groups identified in health disparities re-
search.42Most decisions are influenced not only by the
fore, based on reasoning by Green and Kreuter,33an
"Efficiency Index" is calculated as the cost of an inter-
vention divided by its composite Individual Impact
The RE-AIM framework considers results not
only at the individual level, but also at the setting
(clinic) level. Setting level impact is determined by
the number and types of practices that will attempt
an innovation (adoption) and how well they deliver
the innovation (implementation). A Summary Set-
ting Level Impact score is calculated by multiplying
Adoption times Implementation,41parallel to the
Reach times Effectiveness score at the individual
level. Adoption is a function of both the participa-
tion rate among settings as well as the representa-
tiveness of these settings (eg, do low resource prac-
tices and rural clinics participate in equal rates to
other settings?). Implementation is a composite
January–February 2006Vol. 19 No. 1http://www.jabfm.org
Page 5
variable that reflects both the median level of im-
plementation of different components of an inter-
vention, and consistency of delivery across different
settings and staff.41
There are at least 3 implications from the RE-AIM
framework for family medicine research. The first
is that representativeness is important at multiple
levels—patient, health care team, and organiza-
tional setting. Although representativeness has
been largely ignored at the setting level,43it is just
as important as patient level representativeness.
The second message from the RE-AIM frame-
work, is to remember the "3 Rs" of translation and
dissemination research: representativeness, robust-
ness, and replicability. Representativeness has been
covered above, but the other Rs deserve further
comment. Robustness, or generalization of effects,
is important from health disparities, methodologi-
cal, and program understanding perspectives. For
more detail, see Cronbach et al,16who refer to
generalizability across persons, time, measures, sit-
uations, and program modifications, and Shadish,
Cook, and Campbell.17
Replicability refers to whether the results of a
program can be duplicated in settings in addition to
those in which they are originally produced. Rep-
lication is an important, but often under-empha-
sized criteria for strength of evidence.44It also
helps to ensure that findings are not restricted to a
unique practice, set of physicians, or context.
Finally, it is recommended that future family med-
icine research focus on identifying interventions that
(Table 3): reach large and representative numbers of
patients, especially those who are most in need or are
underserved; are effective and produce minimal nega-
tive impacts at reasonable cost; are widely adopted
across settings, especially those having fewer resourc-
es; are consistently implemented and do not require
staff with high levels of expertise; and produce repli-
able at the practice level.
Research Challenges and Examples
The reader may be thinking, "These issues are worth
considering, but is it really feasible to integrate all
them into a typical study, and without a huge bud-
get?" The answer is "yes": it is possible. Many of the
recommendations above, such as specifying denomi-
nators of settings and patients approached, tracking
costs, and analyzing representativeness and robust-
ness require few financial resources and do not in-
volve any patient burden. They can be addressed by
Table 3. Implications and Example of Application of RE-AIM Framework
Goal: To identify interventions that
can: Example Smoking Study*Example Diabetes Study†
Reach large numbers of people,
especially those who can most
Be effective in producing targeted
outcomes at reasonable cost and
produce minimal negative impacts,
relative to alternatives.
76% participation among low income,
young female smokers. Participants
appeared representative.
11% vs. 7% cessation at 6 weeks, P ?
Quality of life and/or adverse
consequences were not measured.
Intervention time reported but
costs not calculated.
4 of 4 clinics with most diverse
populations in the metro area.
50% participation among primary
care diabetes patients. Participants
representative on key variables.
Significant improvement on both
preventive assessments and
behavioral counseling aspects of
care. Both conditions improved on
quality of life. Intervention costs
estimated at $222 per patient.
6% of family medicine and internal
medicine physicians throughout
Colorado. Those participating were
representative on variety of practice
97% completion of key intervention
Be widely adopted by many types of
Be consistently implemented by staff
members with moderate levels of
training and expertise.
Produce replicable and long-lasting
maintenance effects.
85%–100% implementation by usual
clinical staff for all treatment
components except calls (43%).
Cessation differences (11.6% vs.
8.5%) no longer significant.
Effectiveness measures were of equal
magnitude and significance at 12-
month follow-up as initial 6-month
* Information from Glasgow et al.45
† Information from Glasgow et al.46


text:
RUTH THANKs for taking the time to make that beautiful LAMINATED SIGN...Sorry you had to carry it most of the day. The next time we will wear colored arm bands...easier to spot. Sophie a pleasure to meet up with you and Gary thanks for all the pics of me in action...haha had to make a slide show from them. Thanks GUYs it was a FUN DAy. R U T H...thanks for your HELP!
lol! Can i "steal" this pic?? Yeah next time im gonna put on a neon blinking tiara and carry my sign. I dunno if anyone is gonna miss seeing the group hahaha!
My pleasure! Its always fun hangin out with the "master"!
LOL, Sophie, thank you! That sign served me well. I forgot to bring my lens hood that day and I used it to cover the sun glare and got some fun pictures! And yeah, I like the arm band idea from Larry.
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text:
Wed, 04 July 2012 at 10:00 pm
Dakota Fanning: 'Very Good Girls' with Boyd Holbrook
Dakota Fanning and her co-star Boyd Holbrook share a sweet moment on the set of their upcoming movie Very Good Girls on Tuesday (July 3) in New York City.
The 18-year-old actress, in an Asos jumper, and her 30-year-old co-star did a little dance and embraced during their scene.
PHOTOS: Check out the latest pics of Dakota Fanning
Dakota stars opposite Elizabeth Olsen in the drama, which is slated to hit theaters next year.
10+ pictures inside of Dakota Fanning and Boyd Holbrook working on a scene for Very Good Girls…
Like Just Jared on Facebook
Photos: AKM-GSI, FameFlynet Pictures Posted to: Boyd Holbrook, Dakota Fanning


text:
..TOP LUXURY. COPA. 70SQM. POSTO 5.Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro
About this listing
Modern loft in luxurious decoration which can accommodate up to 4 people, top floor with terrace and barbecue, one block from Copacabana beach "Posto 5", 1 bedroom with queen size bed, a very comfortable sofa bed in the living room. 2 Bathrooms.
Read the rules before booking
Space where guests can cook their own meals
Central heating or a heater in the listing
In the building, free or for a fee
In the building, free or for a fee
Space where guests can cook their own meals
Towels, bed sheets, soap, and toilet paper
Central heating or a heater in the listing
In the building, free or for a fee
In the building, free or for a fee
Continuous access in the listing
Breakfast is provided.
The listing can accommodate a gathering of 25 or more attendees
Easy access to the building and listing for guests in wheelchairs
Private or Shared
Free, in the building or nearby
The Space
Modern loft in luxurious decoration which can accommodate up to 4 people, top floor with terrace and barbecue, one block from Copacabana beach "Posto 5", 1 bedroom with queen size bed, a very comfortable sofa bed in the living room. 2 Bathrooms.
For Honeymoon, Leisure or Business..
Located "Posto 5" in Copacabana, Second line, right behind the new Museum of Image and Sound of Rio. (opens end 2014)
guarded 24/24, beach of copacabana within 100 meters, good side sea view, very calm, luxurious 70 m2 penthouse.
Air-conditioning, parquet floor, double glazing, luxury bed linen and household linen provided,
super equipped kitchen, external barbecue, flowered deck, hammock, international cableTV ,High speed ADSL wifi, LCD Sony TV's, safe, alarm. Cleaning (sheets and towels) will be performed once a week.
was your trip very long? this superb and charming "european touch" apartment will surprise you as well by the quality of its materials as by the comfort it offers to the traveller visiting the "marvellous city".
it offers both the immediate proximity of Rio's exciting beach life and proves to be a place where it is good "to spend the time" surrounded by efficients, moderns and elegants equipments...
an effective and quiet air-conditioning will ensure you a saving rest.
The household is carried out every 4 days with change of sheets and towels
in the immediate vicinity are a large number of coffees, restaurants, shops and supermarkets. .some opened 24 hours a day… taxis and bus to 50 meters, metro 500m…
Then come, you will discover a vacation resort in which you'll have all the opportunities of not more want to set out…
for further details, please,do not hesitate to contact me...
with my kindest regards,
The Neighborhood
the apartment situation is 1 bloc from copacabana beach...posto 5.. at the limit betweenn copacabana and ipanema...
Getting Around
a few steps from the apartment you will find all taxis and buses to visit Rio..
the first metro station is 7 minutes walk from the house...
the operation of the installations, wifi, air-conditioned, TV-cable, etc as well as the equipment of the kitchen will be shown to you on your arrival.....the whole of the equipment and furniture of the apartment are of very high standard.
I ask you expressly to take care of it as if they belonged to you.
the rains in Rio can be sudden and extremely strong. never leave opened windows at the time of your absences.
take care to use electrical installations in a responsible way, namely not of air-conditioned with open windows for example. the apartment is well insulated and a normal use of the installations induces a tiny cost.
the terrace overhangs the street on the 12th floor. take care not to leave objects being able to fly away or fall since the terrace. An insurance is subscribed for the apartment, however your responsibility would be committed in the event of fall.
apart from that, except for some properly Brazilian rules that I will explain you in effective times, the elementary rules of the propriety and good mood should be enough to ensure you to pass an extraordinary stay here.
70 Reviews
The apartment was great, very clean, newly renovated, and in a perfect location (3 min walk from Copacabana beach).
Thank you Christian, I will recommend your apartment to everyone I meet that is coming to Rio.
That conversation was very helpful, and made my family feel very comfortable with going ahead with the booking.
El apto esta en muy buenas condiciones de acuerdo a lo publicado y no tuvimos ningun tipo de problemas, la recepcion y atencion durante la estadia fueron muy buenas.
The communication with Christian before our stay was efficient. We arrived early and it was fine and safe to leave our bags with security for a few hours. The apartment was perfect for our needs and was very well equipped and located. There are many local bars and restaurants nearby so it easy and cheap to get breakfast . There is also a small terrace which is nice. Cathy and Bob, managers, we're very friendly and helpful, even arranging football tickets and coach transport to Ilha Grande. We would thoroughly recommend staying here.
The apartment is very nice and extremely well equipped. Both the owner and the contact person were helpful, kind and reachable. I enthusiastically recommend this place and I will try to book it again if I want to stay some other time in Rio.
This is a wonderfully bright, luxurious and very well located apartment. Quick access to both Copacabana beach and Ipanema by foot. We were greeted by a friendly, helpful and upbeat couple who took the extra time to discuss entertainment options, safety and everything else to know about RDJ. A superb flat was instrumental in giving is a wonderful holiday experience. Thank you.
I fell in love with this luxury apartment as soon as I walked in. It was very clean, the bed was comfortable (hard to find) the kitchen was big, washer came in handy and the highlight was the patio over looking the beach. Everything is within minutes of walking.I will make sure to stay here when I come back. I would for sure recommend this apartment.
Overall this I had a great stay in this apartment. The listing was accurate and the pictures are a great representation of the apartment. It was a very convenient two minute walk to the beach, restaurants and shops. It was easy to access taxis to explore the rest of the city. The wi-fi was consistent and everything was clean upon arrival. I would recommend this property to others.
Location! Literally a block away from Copacabana beach. Also close to restaurants, bars, and a cheap cab ride to anywhere in the city. The neighborhood felt safe with plenty of foot traffic even at night. The place itself is very nice, very comfortable bed and clean. Check-in was flexible and easy. Highly recommended.
About the Host, Christian
I speak French English, and Spanish.
Contact us now and stay at my apartment in Rio.


text: [Resending, because the first copy of this was sent from a different account and doesn't appear to have made it to the list] smartclt -H says (in smartmontools 5.32 on FreeBSD 5.3): The SMART RETURN STATUS return value (smartmontools -H option/Directive) can not be retrieved with this version of ATAng, please do not rely on this value But, from my skim-reading of the code, smartd relies solely on this value for determining the failure of a prefail attribute (rather than comparing attribute values with thresholds). So does this mean that smartd is not (yet) capable of reporting impending failure of ATA drives on FreeBSD? -roy