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Adobe Photoshop Lightroom for iPhone
By Adobe
Open iTunes to buy and download apps.
Bring beautiful images to light with Adobe Lightroom. Powered by the magic of Adobe Photoshop technology, Lightroom for mobile enables you to craft and share professional-quality images from your smartphone or tablet.
Winner of the 2015 Professional Photographer Hot One Awards in the Photo App category
The tools you need to tell your story.
• Create stunning images in seconds with tools that range from simple one-tap presets to powerful advanced adjustments.
• Experiment freely with edits, and revert to the original at any time, with just one tap.
• Capture amazing moments with the in-app Adobe camera, streamlining shoot to share.
• Simplify your editing process and get consistent looks in your photos by copying your favorite edits across photos.
• Transform your photos with seamless access and connectivity to Adobe Photoshop Fix, the new retouching app.*
Stories need to be shared.
• Share photos any way you want: Instagram, Facebook, Twitter, Flickr, and more. Join the community by using #lightroom.
Ready to take your photos to the next level? Check out our 30-day trial of the Adobe Creative Cloud Photography plan.
Creative Cloud Photography plan member benefits:
Take your photography further.**
• Access your photos anywhere: Organize, edit and share Lightroom photos across mobile devices, desktop and the web.
• Transform photos beyond your imagination with Photoshop CC, the world's best tool for combining multiple images, removing objects, and retouching your photos.
• Get precise control over the color and tone of your photos with selective local adjustments, and more, with the Lightroom desktop app.
• Seamlessly sync photo edits, metadata, and more—from smartphone photos or raw images from DSLRs—across Lightroom enabled devices.
• Share your photo collections in beautiful web galleries and get feedback from family and friends.
• Craft amazing visual stories with your photos, with direct access to Adobe Slate and Premiere Clip.
• Automatically access all your Lightroom photos in Photoshop Mix, Photoshop Fix, Voice, Slate and Premiere Clip, thanks to Adobe CreativeSync technology.
*Adobe ID sign up required.
**Available only as a 30-day trial or with a Creative Cloud Photography plan subscription.
What's New in Version 2.0.0
•Free Lightroom! Unleash your creativity with free access to Lightroom for as long as you'd like on your smartphone or tablet.
•Better photos in a snap. Capture amazing moments with the in-app Adobe camera, streamlining shoot to share.
•Cut through the haze. Control the amount of atmospheric haze in your photos to recover color and contrast, or to create artistic effects, with the Dehaze adjustment tool.
•Make photo magic, faster. Seamlessly access Photoshop Fix to retouch your photos.
•Complete color control. Tune the colors in specific areas of your photos using the Targeted Adjustment tool, a new Color/B&W editing option.
•"Lights, camera, action." Craft amazing video stories from your Lightroom photos— synced to the beat of your favorite music, with one-tap access to Premiere Clip.*
•Find your photos faster. The new 'Lightroom Photos' collection displays your Camera Roll photos and videos by date, so you can find them faster.
*Adobe ID sign up required.
iPhone Screenshot
Customer Reviews
Good start but slow and insufficient.
Wow. What a great improvement. This app still has plenty of room to grow and like most Adobe tools it isn't the most intuitive. However, I find I can finally use it for a first edit of my photos. Would I want a little more control I finish my photos on the Mac. Two extra stars for this version.
Slow: Lightroom on Mac takes an insanely long time to send photos to the cloud on a instantly fast connection. The iPad takes a long then to load those same photos.
Insufficient: even apple's iPhoto for iPhone used to have brushes and costed $5. How come a $10 a month app can't do that?
Awkward: Lightroom mobile is probably the worst app to organize photos. Albums are layer vertically as opposed to a grid. Each album uses too much space of your screen. If you have more than a hand full of albums get ready to flick endlessly.
Adobe strength has never been organization. All apps are clumsy and poorly designed for speed. This is one of them. At least on a computer they design powerful tools but they don't for mobile devices.
And, like someone else said. How come we can't connect to Lightroom ad-hoc?
Promising but has a long road ahead.
First off, no RAW support? Photos app and VSCOcam all support importing RAW. Not sure why this wasn't a given but the rest of the app is pretty great. The most recent update has made a mess of photo navigation but the actual editing tools are WONDERFUL! This and Photoshop Fix are the perfect editing sweet for iOS. Overall great app but a lot of work to be done, Adobe has a history of starting over rather than fixing. Hopefully this is not the case with this app. :)
Not okay to auto-upload
Had to scramble to turn this "feature" off before thousands of photos I absolutely did not want to sync uploaded. Ended up with a couple hundred I get to manually delete from Lightroom Desktop now. Bad play, Adobe.
Still 5 stars, though, since it's obviously still a great system.
Customers Also Bought
- Free
- Category: Photo & Video
- Updated: Oct 05, 2015
- Version: 2.0.0
- Size: 52.1 MB
- Languages: English, French, German, Italian, Japanese, Korean, Portuguese, Spanish
- Seller: Adobe Systems, Inc.
- © Adobe Systems, Inc.
Compatibility: Requires iOS 8.1 or later. Compatible with iPhone and iPod touch.


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Pleasanton, CAUSA
Hometown: Pleasanton
August 23, 2012
Drank fresh spring water for a week while hiking in Havasupai Canyon (AZ) last year. Love the vitality and freshness.
Looking forward to learning more about the Bay Area springs. I'm especially interested in any up near the Napa Valley area.
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subset: commoncrawl


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Think you know how corrupt ATF really is? You have no idea. ... more
Despite Video Investigation, 30 Percent of Americans Have 'Very Favorable' View of Planned Parenthood | Cortney O'Brien
Terrific: Team Hillary Using McCarthy's Disastrous Benghazi Comments in New Campaign Ad | Katie Pavlich
Sen. Cotton Blocks Three Obama Ambassador Noms Due to Chaffetz Secret Service Scandal | Cortney O'Brien
Iranian Exiles Have Suffered as We Have Ignored Tehran's Expanding Influence in Iraq | Leo McCloskey
Here we go: Jeb Bush's campaign weighing whether to have George W. hit the trail for him in South Carolina | Allahpundit


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Darren Arthur Reed (born June 18, 1963), known by his stage name Dizzy Reed, is an American contemporary rock musician, and occasional actor. He is best known for his tenure as the keyboardist, pianist and percussionist for the rock band Guns N' Roses, with whom he has played, toured, and recorded since 1990. Aside from frontman Axl Rose, Reed is the longest-standing and only member of Guns N' Roses to remain from the band's Use Your Illusion era. In 2012, he was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of Guns N' Roses, although he did not attend the ceremony.
List of links to Dizzy Reed fansites:


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In the summer of 1993, the Wu-Tang Clan emerged from the slums of Staten Island, NY and took the hip-hop world by storm. Their legacy spanned over a decade, selling more than 20 million albums. Their talents brought them success and their music made them legends. This is their story..."WU: The Story of the Wu-Tang Clan" is an inspiring tale of the Clan's rise to power, fall from greatness and phoenix-like rebirth. This gem of a documentary includes a spectacular presentation of never before seen rare concert footage and interviews intimately narrated by acclaimed, Gerald "Gee-Bee" Barclay.
In his opening narration, director Gerald Barclay reveals that he grew up with members of the Wu-Tang Clan. That makes his profile a first-person feature, even if he doesn't turn the camera on himself. As a video producer, Barclay contributed to the hip-hop collective's early success, so he isn't exactly a disinterested observer, which gives him access, but can also result in a limited perspective. Fortunately, he adds enough outside voices to stave off accusations of bias. To set the scene, Barclay takes a brief tour of Staten Island ("Shaolin" in Wu speak) and the martial arts movies that inspired the crews ideology. Founded in 1991, Wu-Tang formed around Ghostface Killah, Masta Killa, Method Man, Raekwon the Chef, RZA, GZA, Inspectah Deck, U-God, and OI' Dirty Bastard. As actor/rapper RZA explains, Wu-Tang stands for Wise Universal Truth Allah Now God... though he's open to other interpretations. As writer Margeaux Watson observes, "It is a typical 'Behind the Music' story," and Barclay dutifully tracks their rise, fall, and rebirth by speaking with friends, business associates, disc jockeys, and journalist-turned-A&R rep Bonz Malone, who admits he didn't get them at first. Sadly, the darkest moments revolve around ODB, who went from substance abuse to assault charges to incarceration, and passed away in 2004. Special features include Barclay's "Protect Ya Neck" video and extended interviews with Raekwon and RZA, who relates Wus solo-career master plan. In addition, the filmmaker discusses the making of the documentary, while ODB's widow, Iceline Jones, remembers her late husband. --Kathleen C. Fennessy
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A must see for all wu fans. I was blown away by all the classic footage of the wu tang rise.Published on March 11, 2011 by wu-tang fan!
I'm glad I bought this DVD. There's decent concert footage of the WU and some details that you might not be know about their story. Read morePublished on April 16, 2009 by Everson R. Hull
There is a lot of time spent on some of the issues with the death of Ol' Dirty [........], as well as other problems. Read morePublished on November 28, 2008 by SMN


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Company Overview of Celulas Genetica
Company Overview
Celulas Genetica, a biotechnology company, acquires, finances, and develops adult stem cell technology solutions. The company focuses on repairing and rebuilding the human liver. It acquires hematopoietic stem cell liver repair technology through the development of intellectual property, licenses, and sublicensing of procedures and treatments that cause the liver to repair itself with healthy functioning cells. The company is based in Panama City, Panama. As of November 30, 2010, Celulas Genetica operates as a subsidiary of Emerging Healthcare Solutions, Inc.
Panama City,
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The National Transportation Safety Board will still seek to locate the TOTE Maritime Puerto Rico ship and recover the "black box" voyage data recorder.
The Danish firm's acquisition of third-party logistics provider UTi is the latest in a string of international mergers in the 3PL industry this year.
European regulators may seek concessions from FedEx such as asset sales as part of its deal to acquire TNT Express, according to multiple media reports.
The fund will be held and administered by the Seamen's Church Institute, North America's largest mariners' service agency, following the structure put in place by TOTE.
The entire investigation into the loss of TOTE Maritime Puerto Rico ship will take 12-18 months, but the NTSB will release findings on an "as needed" basis in advance of its final report.
The national mail carrier of Singapore and aspiring global logistics provider has agreed to purchase a 71.1 percent share in Jagged Peak, Inc. for $15.8 million.


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Marysville, WAUSA
Hometown: Marysville
November 18, 2012
Amber Ale
Hi there. Of course there is a lot to love about a nice cold beer. So many different kinds, its high time I educate myself on this matter and get with the times.
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Pedal Progression is a brand new mountain bike guiding and coaching company in Bristol, offering everything you need, including Norco bike hire. We're supporting them with tyres and tubes from Onza, and member of the crew Sam has taken the time to review his offerings from our exclusive tube and tyre brand: I've been running the Onza Ibex and Canis […]
Components, mountain biking, onza, Tyres
Guest post by staff trainer Nick Coley So after purchasing my first 29er bike (Stumpjumper comp carbon HT) I went on the hunt for some tyres with a bit more UK friendly grip than the standard SP Renagades. I managed to get hold of a pair of Onza Canis 29er tyres, just in time for […]
Components, mountain biking, onza, Tyres


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Grand Chifley Adelaide
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Top Ten Things to See and Do on Kangaroo Island
... and old photos of the lighthouse, or even stay in one of the heritage listed lighthouse keeper's cottages.
Will's Rare Breeds Farm
This is a fascinating and wonderful place where many rare breeds are kept from extinction. Take a tour to meet Baudin pigs, unique to Kangaroo island, and a range of other breeds from around the world.
Kelly Hill Conservation Park ...
Lovely 4 days
... and great salads eaten at Corona station which we are renovating. Th sun was setting and it was time to get back , set up our bedding in the shearers quarters, and get set for dinner. What a wonderful night. Roaring open pit fire, red wine, and sparkling of course for Dawnie, we just had a magical evening that only the lucky few can really enjoy. We were 150 kms from the nearest town, no lights , mild desert evening, and the country had to come out in all of us. Too many nice people ...
1st Week and a bit
... to Port Vincent on the York Peninsula. Alan had planned a week at his brothers place to go fishing and they did at every opportunity. Didn't really catch much, only 1 feed of whiting ,but by all accounts threw back a lot of under sized snapper and whiting. John is building a new house at Port Vincent and the view is amazing and will be seen from every room when it is finished. John and his ...
The dream!
... so I've found my mind wandering. I might look like I am washing dishes, or playing playdough but in my heart and mind I am wandering the main street of an outback town, cooking over a campfire on a station or gazing high into the canopy of an ancient rainforest. My black and white sketch is coming to life. I can see the splashes of colour starting to appear and it look ...
Sports Arenas in Gepps Cross – Sporting Fun
... your while. Ideally located close to the city centre, this expansive course lies tucked away amidst the Northern Park Lands and features three venues that are easily accessible from centrally located hotels in Adelaide, Australia. The South Course is a championship style par 71 course which has been designed with Bent Grass greens and Kikuyu fairways incorporated into the layout, offering plenty of breathtaking backdrops. Then there is the ...


text: March 26, 2014 ESPN Analyst Dan Dakich Podcast FeedMore From Drew & Marc Dan Dakich joined the guys today to discuss the tournament and Michigan and MSU's chances. We also touched on his playing days under Bobby Knight and his famous game in which he shut down Michael Jordan. Listen here. 17:55Dan_DakichDownload Podcast http://detroitsports1051.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2014/03/Dan_Dakich.mp3 By: Streeter Lecka Getty Images Sport Related Devi... Er... Angel's Night A Success!!! Intern Joanna Rose Bowl Coverage From Pasadena Bill 'Spaceman' Lee Bestselling Author John U Bacon


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MLB Season Discussion - 2013
View Single Post
June 10 2013, 01:30 PM
Use of Time
Location: Va. Beach, VA
Re: MLB Season Discussion - 2013
I've been happy with Heyward since his comeback from the appendectomy. He's actually going to the opposite field for the first time in three years. He had a really good series in LA and got his avg to 200. Hopefully he keeps it going. I still think the true franchise player on the Braves is Freddie Freeman. He is the most consistent hitter they have and has been an RBI machine.
Also, it looks like Medlan is starting to find that groove that made him so good last year. I swear the Braves refuse to give him any run support to though.
Searching for something, a million miles and a ways to go.
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Involuntary Layoffs in a Model with Asymmetry Information Concerning Worker Ability
This paper examines the contract between a risk-neutral firm and its risk-averse employees, assuming that worker ability is privately learned by the firm after a period of employment. Employers in an external spot labor market attempt to infer worker quality from the observable actions taken by the firm. The threat of spot market raids distorts the optimal contract. Layoffs may be involuntary and can exceed efficient levels. A seniority layoff rule may be included in the contract to avoid the adverse selection problems that arise if layoffs are conducted on the basis of ability. Copyright 1994 by The Review of Economic Studies Limited.
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Death by chocolate = amazing.
Hereâs the scoop: Glacier Ice Cream, a Boulder-based chain, offers a seasonal selection of flavors, including caramel Oreo, spicy chai, Junior Mint and dulce de leche. Read more
With enough flavors to please the pickiest of eaters, Glacier's ice cream is hands-down the 2013 winner of Best Ice Cream/Gelato.
Solid ice cream and gelato. Only downside is that everything here is printed in Comic Sans.
The German chocolate cake ice cream here is heavenly.
The Funky Donkey changed life!
Congratulations! Winner of Best Ice Cream/Frozen Yogurt. www.bouldercountygold.com Read more
Amazing product, but poor management. My fave: Funky Donkey!
Try Funky Donkey with Pralines ad Cream ...mmmm
Try some of the gelato flavors! They are awesome!
Chocolate waffle cone


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The Ashgate Research Companion to Black SociologyAshgate Publishing Ltd 2015; US$ 149.95
The Ashgate Research Companion to Black Sociology provides the most up to date exploration and analysis of research focused on Blacks in America. Beginning with an examination of the project of Black Sociology, it offers studies of recent events, including the ?Stand Your Ground? killing of Trayvon Martin, the impact of Hurricane Katrina on emerging... more...
This Muslim American LifeNYU Press 2015; US$ 16.95
Over the last few years, Moustafa Bayoumi has been an extra in Sex and the City 2 playing a generic Arab, a terrorist suspect (or at least his namesake ?Mustafa Bayoumi? was) in a detective novel, the subject of a trumped-up controversy because a book he had written was seen by right-wing media as pushing an ?anti-American, pro-Islam? agenda, and... more...
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Un-AmericanTemple University Press 2015; US$ 28.95
Un-American is Bill Mullen?s revisionist account of renowned author and activist W.E.B. Du Bois?s political thought toward the end of his life, a period largely dismissed and neglected by scholars. He describes Du Bois?s support for what the Communist International called ?world revolution? as the primary objective of this aged radical?s activism.... more...
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The story of African Americans in Kentucky is as diverse and vibrant as the state's general history. The work of more than 150 writers, The Kentucky African American Encyclopedia is an essential guide to the black experience in the Commonwealth. The encyclopedia includes biographical sketches of politicians and community leaders as well as pioneers... more...
Up from SlaverySkyhorse Publishing 2015; US$ 14.99
In 1856, Washington was born into a family of slaves in Virginia. From there it seemed that his fate had been sealedto live out his life as a worker in Virginia. But, this was not the case for Washington, whose impoverished childhood and undying desire for education fueled him into a dedicated obsession with the Hampton Normal and Agricultural Institute... more...
The Scholar DeniedUniversity of California Press 2015; US$ 26.95
In this groundbreaking book, Aldon D. Morris?s ambition is truly monumental: to help rewrite the history of sociology and to acknowledge the primacy of W. E. B. Du Bois?s work in the founding of the discipline. Calling into question the prevailing narrative of how sociology developed, Morris, a major scholar of social movements, probes the way in which... more...
American History UnboundUniversity of California Press 2015; US$ 39.95
A survey of U.S. history from its beginnings to the present,� American History Unbound �reveals our past through the lens of Asian American and Pacific Islander history. In so doing, it is a work of both history and anti-history, a narrative that fundamentally transforms and deepens our understanding of the United States. This text is accessible and... more...


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Spring Valley CA Real Estate & Homes For Sale
148 Properties Found
The median home value in Spring Valley, CA is $301,400.
This is
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the county median home value of $437,300.
The national median home value is $170,100.
The average price of homes sold in Spring Valley, CA is $301,400.
Approximately 58.32% of Spring Valley homes are owned,
compared to 35.19% rented, while
6.49% are vacant.
Spring Valley real estate listings include condos, townhomes, and single family homes for sale.
Commercial properties are also available.
If you see a property you're interested in, contact a Spring Valley real estate agent to arrange a tour today!
1 - 10 of 148 Properties Displayed
$599,999 - $650,000
9439 Eucalyptus Street Spring Valley, CA 91977
Courtesy: Premiere Properties George Piner
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Home under construction. Panoramic Views Ocean View Downtown View Coronado. Brand New Home going to have stainless steel appliances big 12 foot deck overhanging off the back of the house.
Courtesy: Realty Source Inc Marina Romeri
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Awesome location! Minutes to various freeways schools shopping bus lines yet private & tucked away on a cul de sac with your rear neighbor far below then a view! Various upgrades were done in 2009: New roof new fence new stainless steel appliances some new windows tile flooring bathrooms updated with new vanities sinks faucets new GORGEOUS front door! In 2011: New attic insulation new heater garage drywalled and insulated!!! In 2014: New water heater! Great starter home or investment!
Courtesy: Coldwell Banker West Lani Sylvas
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This lovely San Diego County HUD home awaits its next buyer. Spectacular mountain view townhome in beautiful Rancho San Diego the highlights include 4 bedrooms and 2.5 bathrooms. The home also features a spacious living room nice kitchen a laundry room and master deck and private patio with mountain views. Complex features include community pools and spa parks tennis court and basketball court. Great location. Rarely available so grab the chance and call us now! First time homebuyers welcome.
$450,000 - $460,000
1635 San Miguel Avenue Spring Valley, CA 91977
Courtesy: Realty Executives Dillon Carmen Piscitelli
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Lovely home in Dictionary Hill with spectacular views to lake mountains city lights and fireworks! Solar panels double paned window dog run fenced front and back yard under stairs storage unit washer/dryer staying. More pictures to come! Buyers agent to verify all info prior to COE. Information deemed reliable but not guaranteed.
$409,900 - $429,900
1202 Carlsbad St Spring Valley, CA 91977
Courtesy: Harcourts Crown H. Christian Castner
View additional info
Stay Cool in this Amazing completely remodeled 3 bedroom 2 bath Home with Brand New Forced Air AC unit and your even BETTER Stay Cool Pool!!! You will absolutely fall in love with your NEW completely remodeled Home featuring a tropical oasis for a back yard HUGE family room Gourmet Kitchen with stainless steel appliances ... The open floor plan allows room for a family to grow and entertain friends and family... Your BBQs will be the talk of the town! This is a MUST see turn your new key HOME!!
1116 Maria Spring Valley, CA 91977
Courtesy: Prime Location Raymond Erni
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Calling all Investors! Huge Home but need a lot of fixing. Buyer to enter at their own risk. Can be health hazard due to possible mold issues. Water leaks in several areas in the house. Possible foundation issue. Interested buyers are advised to get professional opinion before sending an offer. Buyer and buyers agent to verify room dimensions and all info.
$329,000 - $349,000
852 Banock Spring Valley, CA 91977
Courtesy: Keller Williams Realty Joe OMeara
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This home is nestled in a wonderful neighborhood to raise children or retire in. Its not just the neighborhood thats appealing: Move in ready 3 bedroom home w/ half bath in the Master bedroom. Easy access to Jamacha Blvd & Rancho SD for quality dining movies & shopping. Ceiling fans throughout stainless steel stove & remodeled bathroom in hallway. Tired of paying electric bills? Try a $150 (approx.) payment for the ENTIRE year w/ these money saving solar panels! Garage comes w/ attached work bench.
Courtesy: Assist 2 Sell Woodson Realty Douglas Rains
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Trust Sale. Ready to move in and add your personal touches. Large rooms throughout (look at the sizes). Formal living and family rooms with dinning area off the kitchen. Pool size lot covered patio in back and covered porch in front. Added square footage to master bedroom and added small master bathroom addition with permits. Perfect for first time home buyers and those who want/need single story home in good condition. See Supplemental for more info.
Courtesy: Berkshire Hathaway HomeService Dan Zamudio
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Great Move in Ready Ground Level entry Single Story Condo. Beautiful Laminate Flooring in Living areas Tile Bathroom Carpeted Bedrooms Dual Payne Windows Window Coverings & Coreian Kitchen Counters Stacked Washer & Dryer Stove MicrowaveDishwasher Disposal & Refrigerator included Private Patio Area. Located near Spring Valley Swap Meet Shopping Schools 125 Freeway -- 2 Designated Covered Parking Spaces
Courtesy: Keller Williams Realty Maggie Clemens
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Views! Views! Views! and HUGE Value! This spectacular custom home sits atop of iconic Dictionary Hill and offers one of the BEST views in the county from almost every room! Custom built in 2000 this 3161 sqft home has 4 huge bedrooms 2 full & 2 half baths of easy living. Family gatherings will enjoy the large kitchen with island peninsula counter built in breakfast nook & s/s appliances. The ultimate entertainers home includes a deck off every level. See sup. remarks
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My Nonprofit Reviews
Lydia Weiss
Review for Arts Of Kona, Kallua Kona, HI, USA
I attended the Arts of Kona fundraiser on January 16th.
They presented a wonderful variety of music and arts displayed.
This was especially delightful since it was in the outdoor gardens of a private home. The music presented showed the vast contrast of performers in Kona. There were youth, opera singer, flute and keyboard with ancient and modern Hawaiian, and a variety of lovely music from around the world and centuries.
Helen Beljean is bringing out the talents in our small community.
She was also very inclusive of other musical organizations by introducing them and allowing for announcements.
Just a lovely Sunday afternoon to enjoy music and make new friends.
Thank you, Lydia Weiss, President Kona Music Society


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Very basic hotel. No real toiletries or courtesy water. The room was also very small and not particularly comfortable. There was a nice little bar off the reception area and the two young bartenders were lovely and spoke English.
Very basic hotel. No real toiletries or courtesy water. The room was also very small and not particularly comfortable. There was a nice little bar off the reception area and the two young bartenders were lovely and spoke English.
Dear Guest, so sorry that you don't like accommodation in our hotel! If you have some problems with service or room, please, lets receptionist know about it. We would like to make our guest's rest maximum comfortable. Thank you very much for your review. Looking forward to see you again in the Park Inn Veliky Novgorod! More
Hotel is located 2 km far away from Novgorod's Kremlin and city center, but this is good opportunity to walk along river Volkhov. Hotel is in wester style, clean. Room has all needed amenities , and bottle of water was there too. In hotel are located 2 restaurants. 1 bar and indoor pool. Breakfest was standard but I realy hated... More
Dear Guest, thank you very much for choosing our hotel for accommodation and relax. We are happy that you have a positive impression about rooms, staff and location. Your opinion is very important for us, that's why we'll take into consideration all your comments about weaknesses of breakfast menu and other. Looking forward to see you again at the Park... More
We had a most unenjoyable stay at this hotel. Upon entering our room there were no bathroom supplies or water. These were delivered some time later by staff who were abrupt and unfriendly. At the bar for a pre dinner drink. Despite there being several wines listed on the menu there was a choice of only one wine. We ordered... More
Dear Guest, thank you for your feedback. We would like to apologize for the behavior of our staff. We appreciate your opinions, that's why comments about the service in the restaurant will be handed to the manager. Thank you for choosing our hotel for your holiday and hope to see you again at Park Inn Veliky Novgorod! More
We stayed only one night in the hotel. Our travel agency in order to repair their mistake with our accommodation provided us (3 people) with a luxurious apartment instead of a standard double + extra bed. The apartment was enormous (2 bedroom) and fully equipped. Everything functioned perfectly. Breakfast was diverse and also good. Location might seem to be a... More
We stayed 3 nights in junior suite. By UK standards it was very good value for money. It is near the Volkhov river and close to centre of town (walkable or can get taxi). Staff did not all speak English but all helpful. My wife had a dental problem and they arranged emergency dentist consultation very quickly. Food on site... More
Hello, David! Thank you for leaving a review. We are very happy that we were helpful to your wife. We will be glad to see you again in our hotel! More
The rooms are nothing special and look like standard Soviet style. The sauna, steam room and pool are worthy of a five-star hotel. Use is free for guests from 8 AM through noon. The restaurant is also recently redone and quite nice.
Dear Guest, Let us thank you for staying with us and for your review. We appreciate your comments very much. We hope to welcome you again whenever you are back to Veliky Novgorod. Best regards, Administration Department More
We stayed here 1 night. Room small, could be cleaner. Noise from the hotel restaurant and the wedding and outdoorconcert! Got another room, a little better. Restaurant good and popular. It is good business, the manager is parking his new Mercedes in front of the hotel. In stead of apreaciating the customers.
Dear Guest, We were very pleased to receive your review. Thank you very much for your kind words. Best regards, Administration Department More
I have stayed only one night. The hotel is simple and clean. Breakfast is standard but with a variety of breads and mermelads . We had dinner included (standard Russian menu) which was good and had included a salad . Staff is good but most of them do not speak in English.
Dear guest, Thank you very much for your comments. Your opinion is very important for us. We hope you enjoyed your stay in Veliky Novgorod. With kind regards, Administration Department More
I arrived to hotel by car and stayed for two nights to see the city and Novgorod Kremlin. The hotel is just next to the Volkhov river and around 3 km from the Kremlin. The rooms are good and clean, stuff is friendly. The hotel has spa and the swimming pool. By some reason the visit of the swimming pool... More
Dear Guest, We would like to thank you for such a detailed review. We are very glad that you mentioned not only hotel location, food and accommodation features, but also our personnel. It is also very pleasant to hear that you would stay with us again. You are very welcome! With kind regards, Administration Department More
Сomfortable hotel in a beautiful city, not far from St. Petersburg (170 km - 2 hours by car). Near the hotel there is an ancient monastery. My room had a beautiful view on the river Volkhov and the old Church. Great SPA, good tennis courts. Very polite and attentive staff. A good bar and restaurant. Will definitely come to this... More
Dear Igor, We would like to thank you for the highest score that you gave to our hotel. We are very glad that we managed to impress and delight you. We hope to see you back one day. With kind regards, Administration Department More
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Choosing the driveway material that's best for you often depends on your climate and budget.
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This does not mean there are not a lot of contractors who cross state lines without proper licensing - the penalties in may cases are not real severe and are just a fine, not criminal, so many take the chance.
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Family Feud. Game Loading Please Wait...
Log In to play with your friends - Chat with your game buddies - Win stars and badges -- collect them all! - Climb to the top of the leaderboards Play as a GuestSign In Hello Gamer! You must sign in to play this game. Sign In Hello Gamer! There's a bunch of players chatting here, and you're missing the party. The best way to handle abusive players is to 'Ignore' them. To report cheating or other technical problems, please report the issue. Maths Online. Monthly Index page. Current The problems below are all taken from our recent dotty grids resources for Lower Secondary students.
We've chosen to feature them on the Upper Secondary page because they all have scope for some interesting mathematical investigation at a higher level. We invite you to explore the problems and then send in your thoughts via Advanced Mathematics on Dotty Grids. An Appearing Act Stage: 3 and 4 Cut out and reassemble the pieces. Areas from Vectors. Chances-NCES Kids' Zone. "The probable is what usually happens.
" — Aristotle. What many people refer to as 'good luck' can actually be explained by a little knowledge about probability and statistics. Our dice game allows you to see how increasing or decreasing the number of dice rolls affects an outcome. So give it a try, choose the number of rolls you would like to make... ...and roll the dice! "It is a truth very certain that when it is not in our power to determine what is true we ought to follow what is most probable.
" — Descartes. Monthly Index page. There is a difference between not knowing and not knowing yet.
Sheila Tobias NRICH problems are here for you to get your teeth into. Immerse yourself in the mathematics... This is what a typical student home page looks like. Mouse over the boxed areas for further explanation. We suggest that you find the student home that suits you best and go there regularly for updates. This is the button that gets you to this student guide. This button gets you to the home page for lower secondary students (shown here).
The STEM link gets you to our extensive collection of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics resources. The AskNRICH link gets you to a lively mathematics forum where you can ask for help from our trained mentors. Latest The last few features appear in the latest carousel. Collections A tree of resources from the NRICH archives giving you access to the best of our permanent collection. Trending Filled with exciting goodies and updated every few days. Past Features Current Feature. Explore the properties of a straight line graph. WorksheetWorks.com. Math Tools. A community library of technology tools, lessons, activities, and support materials for teaching and learning mathematics.
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Cubics Stage: 4 and 5 Challenge Level: Knowing two of the equations find the equations of the 12 graphs of cubic functions making this pattern. Secret Number Stage: 1 Challenge Level: Annie and Ben are playing a game with a calculator. Tangled Trig Graphs Stage: 5 Challenge Level: Can you work out the equations of the trig graphs I used to make my pattern? Calculator Bingo Stage: 2 Challenge Level: A game to be played against the computer, or in groups. Loch Ness Draw graphs of the sine and modulus functions and explain the humps. Sine and Cosine Stage: 4 Challenge Level: The sine of an angle is equal to the cosine of its complement. Parabolic Patterns The illustration shows the graphs of fifteen functions. Plus Minus Giants. Skoool.co.uk.


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Webster Hall
Spring Broke: Our Top 5 NYC Parties This Month!
It's Spring Break Broke and you're stuck here. As I always say, there's no point of being broke and sober. Here's some parties you can count on to make the most of it. Brooklyn Night Bazaar This party features live performances, food that is simply incrediballs, mini golf, local merchants
Spring Broke: Top 6 NYC Splurge-Worthy Events This Month!
Got a little extra cash to burn this month? Here's our top picks for the month of March that may give you buyer's remorse. Modest Mouse & Mimicking Birds The coolest band before it was cool to be weirdly cool, Modest Mouse along with Mimicking Birds take the stage. Guaranteed
Get Ready for the 2013 Aputumpu Music Festival
The 2013 Aputumpu Music Festival is here! And it's invading music venues in Manhattan and Brooklyn this weekend including Public Assembly, Webster Hall, Joe's Pub and more. Over 40 bands are taking the stage and bringing you a different theme with each night from a wide range of music. Whether
I'm Running For Mayor of SF and I Need Your Help!
Over the past few years I've watched as San Francisco has been pulled out from under us and sold to the highest bidder. And I'm fed up and heartbroken. San Francisco is for everyone, not just the wealthy elite, and this is why I've decided to run for mayor....
Zola Jesus Performing at Webster Hall
On Saturday, February 18th, experimental rock singer, Zola Jesus will be performing at Webster Hall. The 22 year-old, Russian-American from Wisconsin has released three EP's and three full-length albums since her teenage years. Her latest album, "Conatus" has received positive reviews from music critics and fans alike. Heather Phares from
Last-Minute NYC New Year's Eve Ideas: FREEish Things to Do for the Broke and Almost Broke
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Broke-Ass Band Interview: The Postelles
The Postelles are a band so diversely talented that they can release a Ramones cover on the same EP as a Joe Jones cover and make you unabashedly swing your hips to both. Lead singer Dan Balk, guitarist David Dargahi, bassist John Speyer, and percussionist Billy Cadden met during high school
FREE Patti Smith Show Tonight at Webster Hall
Patti Smith likes you. Not only did she pen the National Book Award-winning read Just Kids for even the most ADD of readers to enjoy last year, but tonight she's going to perform, for you, for FREE. Tonight at Webster Hall, Smith will show off why she's a rock icon


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|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Nov 23, 1982
|Filing date
|Sep 22, 1980
|Priority date
|May 11, 1977
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Daniel J. Swart, Jacqueline S. Kelyman
|Original Assignee
|The Dow Chemical Co.
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (2), Referenced by (4), Classifications (8), Legal Events (1)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This application is a continuation-in-part of our copending application Ser. No. 166,283, filed July 7, 1980 now U.S. Pat. No. 4,278,787, which is a continuation-in-part of copending application Ser. No. 916,616, filed June 19, 1978, abandoned, which is a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No. 795,978, filed May 11, 1977, now U.S. Pat. No. 4,105,633.
This invention relates to linear copolyesters that contain both carbonate groups and carboxylate groups in a linear chain.
Polycarbonate resins are known to be tough and rigid and have moderately high softening temperatures. Of particular interest are the polycarbonates of bisphenol-A diols as described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,028,365. On the other hand, polyesters such as those derived from terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid and/or 1,4-butanediol are well known as molding resins having high softening temperatures but poor impact resistances.
In the past, it has been a practice to make random linear copolymers containing ester and carbonate linkages in order to obtain polymers having heat distortion temperatures generally higher than those characteristic of polycarbonates. See, for example, U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,169,121; 3,549,570; 3,053,810; 3,030,331 and 3,220,976. Unfortunately, however, the desired increase in heat distortion is often not as high as needed for many applications. More importantly, any increase in heat distortion is achieved only by sacrificing almost all of the high impact resistance that is characteristic of polycarbonate resins.
In view of the aforementioned deficiencies of conventional polyesters, polycarbonates and copolymers thereof, it would be highly desirable to provide a polymer of the same or similar monomeric materials wherein improved heat resistance is obtained without almost total sacrifice of impact resistance.
Accordingly, the present invention is such a polymer. This polymer is a normally solid alternating copolyestercarbonate having repeating units of the formula: ##STR3## wherein each R is independently aromatic hydrocarbylene or inertly substituted aromatic hydrocarbylene, R1 is para-phenylene or inertly substituted para-phenylene and x is a number from 0.05 to 0.65, preferably from 0.05 to 0.58. For the purposes of this invention, an "inertly substituted" group is one having one or more substituents which are inert in the condensation reaction used to prepare the copolymer. "Hydrocarbylene" is a predominantly hydrocarbon divalent radical including aliphatic and/or aromatic hydrocarbon diradicals as well as hydrocarbon radicals linked together by ##STR4##
This alternating copolymer is advantageously prepared by first reacting an excess of a dihydric hydrocarbylene with a terephthaloyl halide and then reacting the resulting dihydroxyester product with phosgene or a similar compound capable of forming carbonate linkages with diols. The first reaction is advantageously carried out in the presence of a hydrogen chloride acceptor such as pyridine. The second reaction is typically effected using conditions common to the reaction of phosgene with simple diols to form polycarbonates. This two-step reaction to prepare the alternating coplymer can be represented by the following: ##STR5## wherein R, R1 and x are as defined hereinbefore.
While the alternating copolymers of this invention are similar in many respects to their corresponding random copolymers, they exhibit heat resistance, clarity, solubility and strength that are unexpectedly higher than those of the random copolymers. Even more surprising is that such alternating copolymers exhibit impact strength (at 23� to -30� C.), notch sensitivity and processability that are unexpectedly superior to the same properties of alternating copolymers that are similar in all respects except that x is from about 0.67 to about 1.86. Further, the alternating copolymers of this invention exhibit notch sensitivity, low temperature impact strength (at 0� to -30� C.), heat resistance and resistance to embrittlement following heat aging that are unexpectedly superior to the same properties of bisphenol-A polycarbonate. Accordingly, the alternating copolymers of this invention, particularly the resinous ones, are useful in most applications in which polycarbonates, polyesters and copolymers thereof are conventionally employed. In particular, such alternating copolymers are useful for making transparent tough films and molded articles having high heat resistance. In addition, such alternating copolymers may be blended with other polymers such as ABS resins, styrene/acrylonitrile copolymers and impact polystyrenes to provide molding blends and/or they may be combined with reinforcing fibers such as glass fibers.
The dihydric hydrocarbylene employed in preparing the copolymers of this invention is suitably any predominantly hydrocarbon compound containing at least two alcoholic hydroxyl groups wherein alcoholic hydroxyl includes phenolic hydroxyl. Included within the dihydric hydrocarbylenes are aliphatic diols including glycols and cycloaliphatic diols, aromatic diols, including alkaryl diols, dihydric phenols and aromatic diols having heterocyclic groups such as phenolphthalein. Of the dihydric hydrocarbylenes, the dihydric phenols are preferred.
The dihydric phenols preferably used in preparing the alternating copolymers of the present invention are suitably any aromatic compound having an aromatic hydrocarbylene group to which is aromatically bonded two hydroxyl groups. Most advantageously, the dihydric phenols are those aromatic diols represented by the formula: ##STR6## In the formula, A is an aromatic group such as phenylene, biphenylene, naphthenylene, anthracenylene and the like. E is alkylene or alkylidene such as methylene, ethylene, ethylidene, propylene, propylidene, isopropylidene, butylene, butylidene, isobutylidene, amylene, isoamylene, amylidene and isoamylidene or E may be cycloalkylene such as cyclopentylene, cyclohexylene; a sulfur-containing linkage such as sulfide, sulfoxide or sulfone, an ether linkage; a carbonyl group; a tertiary nitrogen group or a silicone-containing linkage such as silane or siloxy. R is hydrogen or a monovalent hydrocarbon group such as alkyl, aryl, arylalkyl or cycloaliphatic; Y is chlorine, bromine, fluorine or R wherein R is as defined above. The letter m is any whole number from and including zero through the number of positions on A available for substitution; p is any whole number from and including zero through the number of available positions on E; t is a whole number equal to at least one; s is either zero or one; and u is any whole number including zero. Examples of such dihydric phenols include 2,2-bis-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propane [bisphenol-A], bis-(4-hydroxyphenyl)methane, 1,1-bis-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethane and others including dihydroxy aromatic ethers listed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,169,121 at Column 2, line 60 through Column 3, line 55.
Also included among the suitable dihydric phenols are those having an ar,ar'-dihydroxytrityl nucleus represented by the formula: ##STR7## wherein the aromatic rings bear, in addition to the hydroxy substituents, such substituents as H, F, Cl, Br, I, --NO2, --O--, alkyl, acyl, carboxylate ester, sulfonate ester and the like. Representative diols containing the ar,ar'-dihydroxytrityl nucleus include phenolphthalein nucleus compounds as described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,036,036; phenolsulfonephthalein nucleus compounds described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,036,037; phthalidene nucleus compounds as described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,036,038; fluorescein nucleus compounds as described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,036,039; and phenolphthalimidene nucleus compounds corresponding to the phenolphthalein nucleus compounds described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,036,036; all of which patents are hereby incorporated by reference. Of the aforementioned dihydric phenols, the bis(ar-hydroxyphenyl)alkylidenes, particularly bisphenol-A, and phenolphthalein are preferred, with bisphenol-A being most preferred.
In the preparation of the alternating copolymers of this invention, any terephthaloyl halide is suitably employed. Most preferably, however, the terephthaloyl halide is terephthaloyl chloride, with terephthaloyl bromide and terephthaloyl iodide being suitable but less preferred than the chloride. Suitable alternatives to the terephthaloyl halide include inertly substituted derivatives of terephthaloyl halide wherein an inert substituent is halo, hydrocarbyl such as alkyl or aryl, halohydrocarbyl and the like. The terephthaloyl halides are prepared by reacting the desired terephthalic acid with thionyl chloride or other thionyl halide in aromatic solvent, e.g., under conditions described in High Polymers, Vol. XXVII, "Condensation Monomers," J. K. Stille and T. W. Campbell, editors, pages 509-514, Wiley-Interscience, 1972. Exemplary diacids include terephthalic acid and halo derivatives thereof.
The alternating copolymers are advantageously prepared by a two-step process wherein an excess of the dihydric hydrocarbylene is first reacted with the terephthaloyl halide in the presence of a hydrogen chloride acceptor such as pyridine. The dihydroxyester intermediate produced by this reaction is then reacted with phosgene or other agent which will suitably form the desired carbonate linkages. Both steps of the process are normally carried out under an inert atmosphere such as nitrogen with the reactants dissolved in one or more solvent such that the reactants are totally miscible. While the concentrations of the reactants in the solvents are not particularly critical, the concentration of dihydric hydrocarbylene is preferably from about 2 to about 10 weight percent and the concentration of the terephthaloyl halide is preferably from about 1 to about 5 weight percent based on the total weight of monomers and solvents. In the second step of the reaction, the concentration of ester intermediate is preferably from about 3 to about 15 weight percent based on total weight of ester intermediate and solvents. It is preferred that the solutions of the various reactants be totally miscible in each other. It is sufficient, however, if such solutions are partially miscible, i.e., at least 10 weight percent. Examples of suitable solvents include chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons such as methylene chloride, chloroform, sym-tetrachloroethane, 1,1,2-trichloroethane and cis-1,2-dichloroethylene.
The molar ratio of dihydric hydrocarbylene to terephthaloyl halide varies proportionately with the ester:carbonate ratio desired in the alternating copolymer. Generally, the molar ratio of dihydric hydrocarbylene to terephthaloyl halide is advantageously from about 21:1 to about 2.5:1, preferably from about 21:1 to about 2.9:1. The molar ratio of dihydroxyester intermediate to phosgene is advantageously from about 1:1 to about 1:1.2, preferably about 1:1.01 to about 1:1.08.
While pyridine is the preferred hydrogen chloride acceptor employed in the first step of this process, other suitable acceptors include other amine bases such as triethylamine, N,N-dimethylaniline and N,N-dimethylcyclohexylamine. Such acceptors are advantageously employed in amounts sufficient to complex the hydrogen chloride liberated and to catalyze both steps of the process.
Since higher concentrations of the acceptor produce higher molecular weight copolymers, actual concentrations of acceptor will vary depending upon the molecular weight desired. Moreover, at constant terminator levels, higher monomer concentrations produce higher molecular weight copolymers. Therefore, the concentrations of monomers vary depending upon the molecular weight desired. Preferably, in order to prepare copolymers having weight average molecular weights (Mw) from 25,000 to 60,000, the acceptor is employed in amounts from about 100 to about 160 mole percent based on moles of hydroxyl moiety in the monomers, most preferably from about 120 to about 140 mole percent. At such acceptor concentrations, the concentrations of monomers are preferably in the range from about 3 to about 15 weight percent, most preferably from about 5 to about 12 weight percent.
In carrying out the two-step process, the dihydric hydrocarbylene and terephthaloyl halide are combined in any manner, preferably by adding the terephthaloyl halide either neat or dissolved in a suitable solvent with stirring to a solution of the dihydric hydrocarbylene and hydrogen chloride acceptor. While stirring rate is not critical, a stirring rate of about 50 to about 500 rpm, most preferably from about 150 to 300 rpm, is maintained. While reaction temperature is not critical, the reaction temperature of the first step is preferably maintained in the range from about 10� to about 35� C., most preferably from about 19� to about 25� C. Reaction pressures are similarly not critical, however, atmospheric to superatmospheric pressures are normally employed as a matter of conveniene. The ester intermediate is normally formed under these conditions in about 1 to about 10 minutes after addition of the terephthaloyl halide. While the ester intermediate may be recovered and purified before proceeding to the second step of the process, it is generally not desirable to do so.
Accordingly, the aforementioned reaction mixture containing the ester intermediate is converted to the desired copolymer by bubbling phosgene or other suitable carbonate forming reactant into the reaction mixture. Advantageously, the reaction mixture contains an amount of a monohydric phenol or other suitable chain terminator to effect desired control of the molecular weight of the resulting copolymer. While the amount of chain terminator employed varies with the efficacy of the terminator and the molecular weight desired, beneficial amounts of terminator are normally in the range from about 1 to about 10 mole percent based on ester intermediate, preferably from about 2 to about 7 mole percent. Although not critical, the reaction temperature of the second step is preferably maintained in the range from about 10� to about 35� C., most preferably from about 20� to about 27� C. As in the first step, reaction pressures are normally atmospheric to superatmospheric as a matter of convenience. The alternating copolymer is normally formed under these conditions in about 1 to about 10 minutes after phosgene addition.
In both steps of the foregoing process, the reaction mixture is agitated sufficiently to effect intimate contact of the reactants and desired heat transfer throughout the reaction medium. Following completion of the second step of the process, the desired alternating copolymer is readily recovered from the reaction medium by conventional techniques as exemplified in the following examples. Due to the ease of preparation and less expensive starting materials, the alternating copolymers derived from bisphenol-A and terephthaloyl chloride are preferred.
The alternating copolymers of this invention are more advantageously represented by the formula: ##STR8## wherein Y and Z are independently terminating groups common to polyesters or polycarbonates; R, R1, and x are as defined hereinbefore and n is a whole number from about 5 to about 300. Illustratively, Y is ##STR9## wherein R2 is hydrocarbyl such as alkyl, aryl or aralkyl; and R and R1 are as defined hereinbefore. Representative Z includes
R2 -- and HOR--
wherein R2 and R are as defined hereinbefore.
The alternating copolymers having repeating units are most advantageously represented by the formula: ##STR10## wherein Y is --OH or ##STR11## Z is --R2 or --ROH; x is preferably 0.05 to 0.58, most preferably 0.056 to 0.52; and R, R1, R2 and n are as defined hereinbefore. Preferred alternating copolymers are those represented by the foregoing formula wherein Y is ##STR12## Z is --R2 ; R2 is hydrocarbyl, e.g., alkyl, aryl, alkaryl, cycloalkyl or aralkyl; and n is a whole number from about 5 to about 300, preferably from about 10 to about 200 and most preferably from about 30 to about 150. For purposes of this invention, hydrocarbyl is a monovalent hydrocarbon radical. In the most preferred alternating copolymers Y is ##STR13## Z is --R2 ; R2 is ##STR14## R is ##STR15## and R1 is ##STR16##
While the molecular weight of the alternating copolymers of this invention is not particularly critical, those having weight average molecular weight (Mw, determined by gel permeation chromatography using a bisphenol-A polycarbonate calibration curve) greater than 20,000 are of more significance. It is found that those copolymers of relatively high molecular weight, e.g., those having a Mw of at least about 25,000 up to and including those having a Mw of about 60,000, are found to exhibit the properties and physical characteristics most desirable of molding resins. Most preferred for this purpose are those copolymers having a Mw in the range from about 25,000 to about 40,000 and Mw/Mn (number average molecular weight) from about 1.5 to about 5.
The following examples are given to illustrate the invention and should not be construed as limiting its scope. Unless otherwise indicated, all parts and percentages are by weight.
In step one of a two-step process, a 12-l (liter) flask is charged with 893 g (3.91 mol) of bisphenol-A, 8.0 l methylene chloride and 804.3 g (10.2 mol) pyridine. Stirring is begun and when a clear solution of bisphenol-A is obtained, 41.8 g (0.21 mol) terephthaloyl chloride is added continuously over a period of 2 minutes while continuously stirring the contents of the flask at 22� C. and 250 rpm. The clear reaction solution is stirred an additional 10 minutes following terephthaloyl chloride addition before the second step of the process is begun.
In step two, the aforementioned reaction solution containing the ester intermediate is combined with 13.9 g (0.093 mol) p-tert-butylphenol (as chain terminator). The resulting solution is stirred at 175 rpm and 396 g (4.0 mol) phosgene is added over a period of 135 minutes by bubbling the phosgene into the liquid reaction solution at 19�-26� C.
The resulting polymeric product is recovered from the reaction mixture by the following procedure: 1.75 l of 3.0 N HCl is added to neutralize excess pyridine. Following phase separation, the methylene chloride solution of polymer is washed consecutively with 1.0 l of 0.5 N HCl and 1.0 l of water, with phase separation after each washing. Following the final washing, the methylene chloride solution of polymer is passed through a column packed with a cation exchange resin (sulfonic acid type, bed volume of 500-600 ml), giving a clear, almost water-white solution. The polymeric product is isolated by the slow addition of 1 volume of methylene chloride solution to 4 volumes of hexane with rapid stirring. The resulting white fibers are isolated by filtration, dried in air for 24 hours and then dried in vacuo 48 hours at 120� C. to yield 913.3 g (89.9 percent of theory) having an inherent viscosity of about 0.49 dl/g (measured in methylene chloride at 25� C., 0.5 g/dl).
Analysis of the polymer by IR, NMR and elemental analysis indicates that it is an alternating copolymer represented by the structural formula: ##STR17## The copolymer repeating unit has an ester:carbonate ratio of 0.11:1.
This copolymer (Sample No. 1) is injection molded using a Newbury Hl 30RS machine equipped with a Control Process, Inc. Process Sentry Model 750 and Process Recorder. The following molding conditions are used: barrel zones--316� C., nozzle--304� C., mold halves--121� C., injection time--10 seconds, total cycle time--45 seconds, feed setting--2.5, tensile bar and runner limits--2,000 psi and single stage injection mode. To determine processability of the polymer, the injection pressure required to obtain a pressure of 4,000 psi at the end of the molded tensile bar is measured. The physical properties and processability measurements for the 0.32 cm thick injection molded specimens are shown in Table I.
Following the general procedure of this example, copolymers are prepared using bisphenol A, terephthaloyl chloride and phosgene with ester:carbonate ratios of 0.33:1 (Sample No. 2), 0.67:1 (Sample No. 3) and 1:1 (Sample No. 4). These copolymers are injection molded as described hereinbefore and the physical properties and processability results for the 0.32 cm thick injection molded specimens are shown in Table I.
For purposes of comparison, a commercial bisphenol A polycarbonate, Merlon M-50F sold by Mobay Chemical Corp. (Sample No. A) and a copolymer prepared using bisphenol A, terephthaloyl chloride and phosgene with an ester:carbonate ratio of 2:1 (Sample No. B, prepared using the general procedure of this example) are injection molded as described hereinbefore. Physical properties and processability results for the 0.32 cm thick injection molded specimens are shown in Table I.
TABLE I__________________________________________________________________________ Sample No. A* 1 2 3 4 B*__________________________________________________________________________E:C (1) 0:1 0.11:1 0.33:1 0.67:1 1:1 2:1Inherent viscosity(2), dl/g 0.50 0.49 0.54 0.51 0.56 0.55Mw (3) 54,963 54,740 59,919 51,932 57,647 55,162Mw /Mn (3) 2.45 2.27 1.97 1.98 2.00 1.80Vicat softening(4), �C. 157 161 172 177 184 197Injection pressure(5), psi 5,000 5,000 7,500 7,750 12,500 16,000Tensile at yield(6), psi 8,548 8,653 8,705 8,653 8,766 9,012Tensile at break(6), psi 7,326 8,264 8,969 8,109 8,441 8,480Elongation at yield(6), % 6.08 6.37 6.85 7.35 7.52 8.47Elongation at break(6), % 121.0 94.8 80.2 69.0 49.0 34.5Tensile modulus(6), psi 301,000 330,000 315,000 300,000 295,000 308,000Izod impact (7),ft-lb/in, notched 23� C. (8) 15.5 13.1 11.8 9.2 8.6 6.0 23� C. (9) 2.2 13.0 11.3 8.5 7.4 4.8 0� C. (8) 11.0 13.1 Not Meas. 9.8 7.6 5.5 -18� C. (8) 4.8 13.0 11.3 7.9 6.0 5.1 -30� C. (8) 3.0 8.1 9.2 5.7 5.7 5.5Transmission (10), % 89.1 86.3 87.1 88.1 86.6 84.5Haze (10), % 2.0 1.8 2.5 2.1 3.2 4.5Yellowness Index (11) 3.3 6.7 5.4 5.9 9.0 10.3__________________________________________________________________________ *Not an example of the invention (1) Mole ratio of ester:carbonate in copolymer. (2) Measured in CH2 Cl2 at 25� C., 0.5 g/dl. (3) Mw weight average molecular weight, Mn number average molecular weight, both determined by gel permeation chromatography using polystyrene calibration. (4) ASTMD-1525. (5) Pressure required to obtain 4,000 psi at end of tensile bar. (6) ASTMD-638. (7) ASTMD-256. (8) 0.254 mm notch radius. (9) 0.127 mm notch radius. (10) ASTMD-1003. (11) ASTMD-1925.
As evidenced by the data set forth in Table I, the alternating terephthalate copolymers of this invention exhibit physical properties, particularly impact strength (at 23� C. to -30� C.), notch sensitivity and processability, that are generally superior to the same properties of the alternating terephthalate copolymer with an ester:carbonate ratio of 2:1. In addition, they exhibit physical properties, particularly notch sensitivity, low temperature impact strength (at 0� C. to -30� C.), heat resistance and tensile strength, which are generally superior to the same properties of bisphenol A polycarbonate.
Following the general procedure of Example 1, other copolymers are prepared using terephthaloyl chloride, phosgene and aromatic diols as specified in Table II. These copolymers, which have an ester:carbonate ratio of 1:1, are compression molded at 300� to 330� C. and tested for physical properties as recorded in Table II. The copolymers are transparent when molded.
TABLE II______________________________________ Sample No. 5 6 7 8______________________________________Aromaticdiol (1) BA BA/PP BA/PP PP(molar ratio) (1.00) (0.58/0.42) (0.50/0.50) (1.00)Inherentviscosity(2), dl/g 0.55 0.52 0.62 0.58Mw (3) 57,296 60,076 66,258 53,734Mw /Mn (3) 1.93 1.69 2.76 2.27Tg (4), �C. 172 219 212 276Izod impact(5), ft-lb/in.notched 8.5 3.6 3.7 1.1Tensile atyield (6), psi 8,800 11,497 Not measured (8)Tensile atbreak (6), psi 8,500 10,355 " 11,358Elongation atyield (6), % 7.6 8.8 " (8)Elongation atbreak (6), % 40 14 " 5Tensile mod-ulus (6), psi 300,000 350,000 " 362,000Oxygen index(7), % O2 30 Not measured " 44______________________________________ (1) BA = bisphenol A, PP = phenolphthalein. (2) Measured in CH2 Cl2 at 25� C., 0.5 g/dl. (3) Mw weight average molecular weight, Mn number average molecular weight, GPC, polystyrene calibration. (4) Glass transition temperature, determined by DSC. (5) ASTMD-256. (6) ASTMD-638. (7) ASTMD-2863. (8) Sample did not exhibit a yield point.
Following the general procedure of Example 1, a copolymer is prepared using bisphenol A, terephthaloyl chloride and phosgene with an ester:carbonate ratio of 1:1 and an inherent viscosity of about 0.60 dl/g (measured in methylene chloride at 25� C., 0.5 g/dl). Injection molded test bars of this copolymer (Sample No. 9) are prepared as described hereinbefore with a thickness of 0.32 cm.
For purposes of comparison, the commercial bisphenol A polycarbonate (Sample No. A) used in Example 1 is injection molded as described hereinbefore to give 0.32 cm thick test bars. Standard ASTM-D-256 notched Izod impact specimens with a 0.254 mm notch radius are machined from the injection molded test bars of Sample No. 9 and Sample No. A. These specimens are placed in an oven at 120� C. and the effect of heat aging on notched Izod impact strength is determined as recorded in Table III.
TABLE III______________________________________ Sample No. A* Sample No. 9______________________________________E:C (1) 0:1 1:1Izod impact (2), ft-lb/in,notched As molded 18.2 7.9 2 days at 120� C. 6.2 6.4 4 days at 120� C. 2.5 6.6 16 days at 120� C. 2.0 6.9 32 days at 120� C. 1.6 5.5 64 days at 120� C. 1.6 5.6______________________________________ *Not an example of the invention. (1) Molar ratio of ester:carbonate in copolymer. (2) ASTMD-256.
As evidenced by the data set forth in Table III, the alternating terephthalate copolymers of this invention exhibit resistance to embrittlement following heat aging which is generally superior to the same property of bisphenol A polycarbonate.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Aug 22, 1957
|Feb 9, 1965
|Gen Electric
|Carbonate-carboxylate copolyesters of dihydric phenols and difunctional carboxylic acids
|Feb 1, 1977
|May 22, 1979
|Allied Chemical Corporation
|Bisphenol-A/terephthalate/carbonate melt processable copolymers
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|May 19, 1986
|Dec 1, 1987
|The Dow Chemical Company
|Blends of a polycarbonate with a polyester-polycarbonate copolymer
|Jun 26, 1989
|Dec 3, 1991
|General Electric Company
|Ultraviolet radiation resistant polyphthalatecarbonate resin
|Oct 13, 1995
|Mar 25, 1997
|The Dow Chemical Company
|Stilbene-based polyester and polycarbonate compositions
|Jan 28, 2009
|Aug 6, 2009
|Dow Global Technologies Inc
|Thermoplastic composition and use for large parison blow molding applications
|U.S. Classification
|528/176, 528/173, 528/125, 528/191
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Mar 8, 1982
Owner name: DOW CHEMICAL COMPANY THE, MIDLAND, MI A CORP. OF D
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNORS:SWART, DANIEL J.;KELYMAN, JACQUELINE S.;REEL/FRAME:003953/0859
Effective date: 19800916
Owner name: DOW CHEMICAL COMPANY THE, A CORP. OF DE, MICHIGAN
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:SWART, DANIEL J.;KELYMAN, JACQUELINE S.;REEL/FRAME:003953/0859
Effective date: 19800916


text:
Kaleido's review of H & M H&M Clothing (General)
177 reviews
79% would repurchase
Package Quality: 3.2
Price: $$
Package Quality: 3.2
Price: $$
on 12/1/2012 6:42:00 AM
Age: 18 & Under
Skin: Combination, Olive, Not Sure
Hair: Brunette, Other, Other
Eyes: Brown
H & M is everywhere and is easy to access with simple clothes.
I remember buying a really popular dress (sold out in one day I got the last one) and it was like £10 or something like that.
The quality of their clothes are good, especially when it's cheap, I'm only a teenager and even I can afford to go shopping there several times. They have expensive stuff as well as cheap ones.
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text:
Beryl remnants, a bit stronger, hugging SC coast
Posted: 05/30/2012 - The system is expected to move along the coast of the Carolinas before moving over the Atlantic later Wednesday. That's when Beryl is expected to regain tropical storm strength.
Posted: 05/30/2012 - The system is expected to move along the coast of the Carolinas before moving over the Atlantic later Wednesday. That's when Beryl is expected to regain tropical storm strength.
Posted: 05/28/2012 - Mostly, the storm is bringing much-needed rain to an area parched with drought.
Posted: 05/21/2012 - The storm is centered about 225 miles (362 kilometers) east of Jacksonville, Fla.
Updated: 05/17/2012 - Storm leaves damage throughout the CSRA.
Posted: 05/09/2012 - Aiken Electric Cooperative customers can call 1-877-2654 to report an outage. SCE&G customers can call 1-888-333-4465.
Updated: 05/08/2012 - The lights are coming back on in North Augusta after rainy weather caused problems early Tuesday morning.
Posted: 04/25/2012 - This would explain the loud boom and shaking that many residents felt and reported.
Posted: 04/23/2012 - A winter storm warning remains in effect through tomorrow for several counties along the New York-Pennsylvania border.
Updated: 04/16/2012 - State medical examiner spokeswoman Amy Elliot says a man named Frank Hobbie and his two daughters, ages 5 and 7, died after the tornado hit their mobile home park.
Posted: 04/04/2012 - The inconvience of a delayed gate opening was minor compared to what some people faced this morning after a night of wind and rain.
Updated: 03/27/2012 - They say residents in hurricane zones instead should use hurricane shutters and impact-resistant windows.
Posted: 03/15/2012 - The weather service is predicting more heat for the weekend, with a high near 81 on Friday and near 83 on Saturday in Atlanta.
Updated: 03/07/2012 - The National Weather Service has said an EF-3 tornado with winds up to 165 mph hit Haralson and Paulding counties, causing damage over a 29-mile path.
Updated: 03/05/2012 - State police Sgt. Jerry Goodin in Henryville says officials believe they've accounted for all residents in the largely rural area and no one is missing.
Updated: 03/05/2012 - That brings Friday's total storm-related fatalities in Kentucky to 14 and at least 31 in three states.
Updated: 03/02/2012 - The band of powerful storms stretching from the Gulf Coast to the Great Lakes is the second deadly tornado outbreak this week.
Updated: 02/29/2012 - From last night into this morning, at least 16 tornado sightings were reported from Nebraska and Kansas across southern Missouri to Illinois and Kentucky.
Updated: 02/24/2012 - An 87 year-old man was home alone when a tornado tore through his house. The house didn't make it, but he did.
Updated: 02/25/2012 - It was lunchtime when the storm hit downtown Augusta. News 12 had crews all over the area. Chris Thomas tells us what it was like the moment the storm hit.
Updated: 02/24/2012 - The National Weather Service has confirmed a tornado touched down this afternoon near the Aiken County line that borders Lexington County. News 12 has storm reports between Wagener and Fairview on Highway 113.
Updated: 02/06/2013 - The area (with the exception of Jenkins, Screven, Allendale Counties) is under a Tornado Watch until 4PM EST.
Updated: 01/03/2012 - Temperatures plunged well below freezing across Georgia Tuesday morning, prompting at least four school systems to close.
Updated: 12/27/2011 - The most recent tornadoes struck Thursday evening in the north Georgia counties of Bartow, Coweta, Floyd and Gordon.
Updated: 12/23/2011 - In the northwest Georgia city of Rome, high winds tore the roof off a building at Shorter University.
Posted: 12/07/2011 - There were as many billion-dollar weather disasters this year as in the entire decade of the 1980s.


text:
Toy Storage Labels {Printable!}
Remember when you were pregnant (or maybe you are currently–congrats!) and they told you about the 'nesting instinct?' This biological instinct would come around eight or nine months, urging you to prepare your 'nest,' or prepare your home for the arrival of your new baby. Reportedly the urge is so strong in some women they find themselves unable to live without mopping behind the fridge, or using a toothbrush to scrub the bathroom tile.
{Pregnancy is seriously crazy stuff.}
The closest I ever got to 'nesting' was waking up at 6:00 a.m. with the need to clean the hallway bathroom. I cleaned for about thirty minutes, then got tired halfway through and went back to bed.
Four and a half years later, I've still been waiting for that nesting instinct to kick in.
The past few weeks though, the waiting has paid off! Thanks to the wonders of modern medicine, my ADHD has momentarily kicked into high energy drive and the need to organize my house is crazy strong. I showed you my school room, but I didn't show you my pantry or my bedroom–which is only partially done, but still! I'm ever so grateful for this temporary burst of desire for orderliness. It's not that I'm cleaning on purpose. It's more that I'm buying cute storage totes and putting them to good use, and can't stop until three hours later when it's finished.
{Any ideas on how to make laundry cute and organized? Because I need a lot of motivation to take on that project!}
I've been wanting to tackle the girls' room for awhile. It's horrendous. There are three problems with this room:
Ha ha, kidding, kidding. Though that is one problem. Three people share the room, and they are the least responsible people in the house. The other problems include the size of the room (Abigail sleeps in the closet people; for real) and the lack of decent storage. We have 2 dressers in the room for clothes, a bunk bed, and a toy shelf. And up until yesterday, a sea of clothes and a bucket of
junk toys.
I have tried many organization techniques in this room. They've all failed, mainly due to one huge problem:
They've got too much crap.
Once I put up my new toy baskets (more on that below), I realized there was still a ton of toys left to conquer. I began to purge. I had a garbage bag and a big laundry basket. Trash went in one bag; the basket held toys and clothing to store, donate, or take to the consignment store. I thought they'd be upset about the removal of certain items, but they are so thrilled at being able to see what remains they haven't {yet} complained.
I have this little theory. It's hard to clean when there isn't a place to put things. It becomes less cleaning and more moving items from point A to the {less visible} point B. It isn't actually cleaned at all. That has been my inspiration during this nesting period. {By the way, I failed to mention: I am not pregnant.} My house is small and storage is at a premium. If I can't find a place for it, then it gets removed: stored, donated, or consigned.
For the toy storage in the girls' room I bought 9 baskets for a dollar a piece. Then I used badge holders to create kid proof tags for the baskets. They zip but are pretty difficult to open up, so they can't take the labels out. {I can, should we ever grow out of the 'princess' stage though!} The plastic is thick and would really take some serious effort before ripping off the baskets. I used some cute ribbon to tie them onto the basket and tied it securely.
How cute are these labels? I'm just in love. The tags have clear images that help my non readers know where to put the items. Nicole is loving the baskets, and is very excited to keep her room clean.
Okay, now I promised you a printable. With your input, I have made pages of labels sized perfectly for your badge holders! Just print and slip them in and you'll have instant order among the chaos.
{Well, after you clean for 3 hours, of course.}
Click the image below to download all 54 free toy storage labels!
P.S. – After I merged all the documents, yada yada, it dawned on me that it would have been a good idea to place them by girl labels, boy labels, and gender neutral labels. That way if you needed only girl labels you wouldn't have to print off the whole document. But, uh, I was kinda over it at that point. :)
What do you think of the labels? Anything I've missed? If I get enough requests to create an additional page, then I will make another set of labels!
Linking up at these fabulous parties:
Lesson Plan Diva
Crystal & Comp – Week 29
Creations by Kara – Look What I Made!
A Bowl Full of Lemons – Free Printables
Toys in the Dryer – Fun Stuff Fridays #8
41 Responses to Toy Storage Labels {Printable!}
looks awesome!!
These are great labels! Thanks for sharing. I have pinned these. I am a new follower visiting from Milk and Cuddles. Vicky from Mess For Less
These were VERY helpful. I know you've heard it before, but thanks a ton!
THANK YOU! I have been looking all over for these printable labels! All the hard work you put into it was well worth it.
These are great! I was thinking boys dress up, regular cars, Toy Story movie, a random tag (cause you know we all have a bucket o'random!), and other figurines besides actions figures.
Awesome! I just printed these! You're a life saver :]
I love your labels and am using them for my kids bins. How do you do these…or can you make some more…
I need some for the following:
ABC Books
Baby Books
Princess Books
All the rest work awesome for our home!
I love to organize!
Thank you for this awesome idea, I really like it. I've printed your great labels, they've been very helpful to us. I've also included you in my post about toy organization, you can see it here http://stepfordska-supruga.blogspot.com/2012/10/uvijek-uredna-kuca-uz-kutije.html#
I like the rest of your blog, too!
Hi there,
I love these, they are great!!
I would love a few extras for say;
Miscellaneous toys
MacDonalds toys
Puzzle train
Zhu Zhu puppies
Toy story
I notice a few people are after some extras, is there any chance you could give us how to s to make extras or perhaps even a template we could use?
Many Thanks, fab idea!!!
I love your labels! I'd really like a sheet with Zoobles, Zoobs, Playmobil, Magnext, Hexbug
Some crafty ones would be great too!
Thank you!!
Hi! Love these! I have three little boys and was wondering if you could add a few more… Trios, GeoTrax, LeapPad, Board Games, Books, K'nex, Angry Birds??? Thank so much!!
[…] Toy Storage Labels by Confessions of a Slacker Mom […]
Thanks for creating such cute and colorful labels! They cover all the bases for my kids' toy collection. I can't wait to get them laminated and fixed to our toy bins. Great work!
A friend of mine had used these, and I thought-how great is that!!! simple and uber cute. If you are making a list of more, Tinkerbell. My daughters have loads of Tinkerbell toys.
Just used these to organize both kids rooms–we had the bins/cubbies, just no pictures so it's still chaos even when they clean–hoping this will help. Thanks so much for sharing!
Just realized you were asking for other items:
*Imaginext Dragons/Knights/Castles have a ton a pieces, the dragon and castle itself are huge but I printed off a pic of the set to put our pieces in.
*Pirates–we have tons of pirate gear :-)
*Outdoor toys that stay inside–magnifying glasses, binoculars, etc.
What truly moved u to post "Toy Storage Labels Printable!
| Confessions of a Slacker Mom"? I reallyhonestly enjoyed the post!
Thanks for your time ,Luther
These are perfect! Before I found them, i had already purchased the badge holders. I came home and did a search for free toy box labels, and these turned up and of course I was thrilled!! I have 2 girls and a boy, and these cover just about everything. There are a few I'd love to have, though:
Star Wars
Build A Bear
Knights, Dragons, Pirates
Palace Pets
Boys Dress up
Thanks for offering these awesome labels. I hope to see more in the future!!!
Playmobile too
Thank you SO much for these! I have printed them all out on cardstock and laminated them. They are seriously an answer to all my hair-pulling stressors.
I do have a few that I would like to add personally. Do you have, maybe, a blank template that you could share? Or maybe share the dimensions and font so we can personally add a few of our own that are not listed? (Mostly educational things…) heh.
Again THANK YOU THANK YOU THANK YOU!
These are so incredibly cute and useful. I just printed them, mounted them to tags and laminated them. Thanks! I know how busy moms can be, if you get back to this and can let me know the font you used- that would be awesome. I'd love to make a few more that match! Thanks again for sharing, our playroom looks amazing!
Thanks for the fabulous labels. I'm just trying to keep everything the same and was just wondering if you had a label for Books and Colouring Books? I have seen other labels but just love yours the best and I am trying to keep it all the same. Do you have one?
Many thanks
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Great labels but we really need: Trains, Toy Story & Doctors kit to finish off our toy boxes! :)
I see that you have lots of extras made and ready to go . . .have you created a path to download them? Or a template that we can use to create our own? I really need one for Star Wars. Thanks so much – these are awesome!
These are awesome! Could you possibly make a few for me that you do not have on the lists….I would even send you a payment…
Thanks so much
[…] was inspired by this fantastic tutorial from Org Junkie and printed out these printables. If you don't find a picture to a particular group of toys, you can easily copy pictures off […]