text: Concert The Grace Kelly Experiment / Neo Soul / Columbus Saturday / October 1, 2011 / 8:00 p.m. Red Room at Cafe 939 939 Boylston Street Boston MA United States 02115 Grace Kelly When it comes to jazz saxophonist/vocalist/composer/lyricist/arranger Grace Kelly, people seem to be divided into two groups: those who marvel at her proficiency, creativity, and ever-accelerating growth, and those who have yet to encounter this young wunderkind. She has been featured on national television, and her incredible talent has been recognized by the likes of Wynton Marsalis and Harry Connick Jr. She attended Berklee College of Music to further develop her musical skills. Neo Soul is an international collective of Berklee students dedicated to delivering the most impassioned soul and R&B an audience will ever hear. Continuing with the theme of Berklee groove bands, Columbus is an authentic '70s funk/soul band, celebrating the decade's musical legacy by paying homage to funk pioneers like James Brown, George Clinton, and Sly and the Family Stone. With the blend of their tight horn section, unyieldingly solid rhythm section, and expressive vocals, Columbus guarantees to make you dance and give you a funky performance you will not forget. Admission: $10 general admission, $5 with Berklee ID Buy tickets Read more about The Grace Kelly Experiment / Neo Soul / Columbus Ben Rector / Graham Colton Friday / September 30, 2011 / 8:00 p.m. Red Room at Cafe 939 939 Boylston Street Boston MA United States 02115 Ben Rector An evening with Ben Rector, with Graham Colton supporting. Ben Rector released his fourth studio effort, Into the Morning, on February 16, 2010. Through word of mouth, the record peaked at no. 5 on the iTunes pop chart, no. 10 on the iTunes overall chart, and no. 11 on Billboard Heatseekers. On August 28, 2011, Rector will be releasing the highly anticipated follow-up record that his fans have been clamoring for. If the last 18 months are any indication, it's going to be an exhilarating ride. In every new city he captivates with his soulful lyrics and big sound, people can't help but get caught up in the storm. Stepping into his own in order to connect to his heart and artistic vision, Graham Colton has emerged with a stunning collection of pop-rock melodies, lyrics, and emotions that swing between love and heartbreak, and trials and relief. Although it can be said that the power of the story is in the telling, it's the tale itself that inspires the story to be told. Performance and delivery make up only one half of the equation; the other half is the feeling and emotion that inspires the creation of melodies and lyrics. That substance is the product of lessons learned over hundreds of shows and thousands of miles traveled, and the distance in between. Admission: $10 Buy tickets Read more about Ben Rector / Graham Colton Dan HL / yellowbirddd / The Field Effect Saturday / September 24, 2011 / 8:00 p.m. Red Room at Cafe 939 939 Boylston Street Boston MA United States 02115 Dan HL Dan HL is most noted for his crisp, soulful, unique voice, and his ability to write songs that are both honest and singable. He also plays guitar and harmonica, so you can call him a multi-instrumentalist of sorts if, in your opinion, the harmonica is actually counted as an instrument. Throughout his musical career, Dan has shared the stage with many notable artists, with his most recent success as frontman for Dear Havanah, performaing with acts that include Alan Evans of Soulive, and Blackthought of the Roots. yellowbirddd is the project name for singer/songwriter Liam McCormack. McCormack has been developing his songwriting craft in Boston for the past few years, drawing influences from relationships, city life, and the self-realizations of growing up. With a new full band album set for fall 2011 release, you can certainly expect to see and hear more from yellowbirddd. Boston indie rock band the Field Effect also performs. Admission: $10, general admission Buy tickets Read more about Dan HL / yellowbirddd / The Field Effect Ian Axel / Bess Rogers / Allie Moss Wednesday / September 21, 2011 / 8:00 p.m. Red Room at Cafe 939 939 Boylston Street Boston MA United States 02115 Alli Moss, Bess Rogers, Ian Axel On his debut album This Is the New Year, Ian Axel celebrates relationships, personal transformation, and fresh starts. While examining ties to family, friends, and significant others, Axel has created an album full of playful anthems extolling these human connections and rediscovers that all-important, yet under-considered, link to one's younger self along the way. Is Bess Rogers a folkie with punk instincts or an indie-rocker with an acoustic bent? Her EP, Bess Rogers Presents Bess Rogers, makes it hard to place her in a neat category—and that turns out to be a source of strength for this eclectic singer-songwriter. Rogers—a member of Ingrid Michaelson's touring band—likes to surround her sweet lyric sentiments with a tough outer coating as she recounts tales of fumbled romance and fragile happiness. Allie Moss makes sandwiches. She's from Jersey, which means she has curly hair and says the word "yeah" weirdly. She is a word game aficionado and has studied with some of the best 30 Rock scholars in the nation. She also writes songs and tours with Ingrid Michaelson and such. Admission: $12, general admission Buy tickets Read more about Ian Axel / Bess Rogers / Allie Moss Smartbomb / Dead Ellington / The Thickness / Tristan Omand Saturday / September 17, 2011 / 8:00 p.m. Red Room at Cafe 939 939 Boylston Street Boston MA United States 02115 Smartbomb Worcester's own Smartbomb is no stranger to punk rock. Their music is much like their name: an explosion of ideas with thought-provoking lyrics that encourage the listener to question everything. Vocalist/guitarist Eric Widing notes "punk should be more about the approach and not about a cliché regurgitation." Building on influences from a wide range of genres within punk, hardcore, and rock 'n' roll, Smartbomb offers an inspiring blend of progressive thinking and progressive punk rock. Smartbomb come recommended for fans of 7 Seconds, Descendents, and Kid Dynamite. Dead Ellington is a five-piece punk rock assault hailing from Boston. Their songs are driven by energy from start to finish, filled with heartfelt lyrics, explosive drums, and awe-inspiring guitars. The band itself is composed of five friends who share a common bond—the wish to create good music together and the need to share it with the world. The band released the original Refuse Rethink Rebuild split EP with the now defunct Blue Letter Days in 2006. Now in 2011 Dead Ellington is releasing it's first full-length record also titled Refuse Rethink Rebuild. Refuse Rethink Rebuild is a new way of thinking. It is about looking at the reality of one's surroundings and creating something new. It is all about refusing the present, rethinking the future, and rebuilding the past. "It's a way of life, not just music, it's our manifesto, embracing the D.I.Y scene from street art to punk rock." Boston punks the Thickness have been touring the New England circuit for five years and recently released their fifth record, Karaoke Headliner. Filled with aggressive group vocals, '80s metal solos, catchy lyrics, and blasting drums, Karaoke Headliner promises to separate the band from the masses. The Thickness has played with the Voodoo Glow Skulls, Hot Rod Circuit, and New Years Day; toured the U.S. and Canada; and played such festivals as South by Southwest. The band has been categorized as a throwback to punk influencers including NOFX, Bad Religion, and Face to Face. These ingredients are then mixed with a dash of Megadeth and a spritz of Bon Jovi. Tristan Omand of Manchester, NH is an old soul. A madman with a multitrack recorder. A born entertainer with "a youthful wonderlust, strong passion, and molten ambition." A blazing flat picker. A walking music dictionary. Either way, Omand is a man with a true and honest approach to Americana music. His new album, Tolled Stories, is out now on Raised in a Barn Recordings. He takes influences from Dylan, Cash, Waits, traditional folk, and writers like Bukowski, Kerouac, and Hunter Thompson. Admission: $10/GA Buy tickets Read more about Smartbomb / Dead Ellington / The Thickness / Tristan Omand The Aristocrats Thursday / September 29, 2011 / 7:30 p.m. Berklee Performance Center 136 Massachusetts Avenue Boston MA United States 02115 The Aristocrats is a newly formed eclectic rock trio made up of some of the world's greatest musicians. Guthrie Govan, Marco Minnemann, and Bryan Beller promise to put on a show that is not to be missed. Think you have what it takes to share the stage with the Aristocrats? The band is seeking an opening act for their Berklee Performance Center show. Click here for more information on this exclusive performance opportunity. Admission: $16, $21 reserved seating Buy tickets Read more about The Aristocrats The Cello/Piano Project with Eugene Friesen and Tim Ray Saturday / September 24, 2011 / 2:15 p.m. Subaru of New England Stage United States Eugene Friesen Musical passion, sweeping melody, and rocking rhythm mark the one-of-a-kind performances of the Cello/Piano Project. Contemporary jazz, Brazilian classics, and American folk tunes are the soil from which the duo's joyful interplay blooms, and chamber music is changed forever. As featured players with the likes of Paul Winter, Lyle Lovett, Bonnie Raitt, and others, both Eugene Friesen and Tim Ray have cultivated unique styles of accompanying and soloing. At their duo concerts, audiences are treated to the full range of their remarkable abilities in living color. The melodic and emotional facets of Eugene Friesen's cello have been well documented on hundreds of commercial CDs and film scores. Less known are his unbridled improvisations featuring an almost percussive use of the cello, or his unique pizzicato techniques derived from African folk traditions. Friesen's use of his voice, doubling his cello lines in perfect intonation and nuance, is another distinctive sonic signature. Ray has appeared on Jay Leno, and has been featured on national tours with Lyle Lovett. Fluent and brilliant in a myriad of American pop, folk, and swing styles, he is also highly regarded as a jazz performer and composer. Though a dazzling soloist, Ray is equally creative as an accompanist and producer and has served as musical director for singer-songwriters Jane Siberry and Victoria Williams on the road and in the recording studio. Playing jazz as well as innovative compositions by both Friesen and Ray, the Cello/Piano Project traces a wideranging musical gamut in a program which is simultaneously imaginative, immediate, and original. Admission: Free Buy tickets Read more about The Cello/Piano Project with Eugene Friesen and Tim Ray Tubby Love Sunday / September 25, 2011 / 9:00 p.m. Life is Good Festival Prowse Farm Canton MA United States 02021 Tubby Love It's not the size of the man, it's the size of the love. Ranging from acoustic soul to futuristic reggae fusion, Tubby Love is diversely devoted to consciously delivering a message of truth and love. His constant quest for a greater purpose can be easily translated in songs like "Constant Motion" and "The Awakening." A graduate of Berklee and recipient of the Scott Benson Award, Tubby Love has been blessed to share the stage with many of his influences, such as Giant Panda Guerilla Dub Squad, Passafire, and the Aggrolites, and continues to make a name for himself in the future roots music scene. "I try not to box myself into a genre," he says during an interview at the Salem Jazz and Soul Festival, "What I play is music. I draw inspiration from everything." Outwardly expressing his love for experimental music, Tubby Love is constantly collaborating and combining new flavors, creating what some are calling a "reggae soul revolution." He just calls it music. Admission: TBA Buy tickets Read more about Tubby Love Oleta Adams Saturday / September 24, 2011 / 5:00 p.m. Natixis Global Asset Management Stage United States Oleta Adams Oleta Adams has inspired a growing legion of fans in the U.S. and Europe with journeys of the heart via songs that draw deeply from her roots in gospel, while crossing effortlessly into the realms of soul, R&B, urban, and popular music. Adams's 1990 debut album Circle of One (which went platinum), and the impassioned hit single "Get Here"—the Brenda Russell composition that became an unofficial anthem of the 1991 Gulf War—built her fan base. Her success, nurtured by worldwide tours with Tears for Fears, Phil Collins, Michael Bolton, and Luther Vandross, has been solidified by four Grammy nominations and a seemingly bottomless well of creative energy. Admission: Free Read more about Oleta Adams Bernie Worrell and SociaLybrium Saturday / September 24, 2011 / 1:45 p.m. Natixis Global Asset Management Stage United States Bernie Worrell Bernie Worrell first came to prominence as a founding member and musical director of Parliament-Funkadelic. While this massively influential supergroup was radically altering the course of music, Worrell was radically charting the course of emerging keyboard technology during the golden age of analog synthesis. Among the key ingredients in his sonic stew were perfect pitch and a well-honed facility with the classical canon. A child prodigy who began studying piano at the tender age of 3 and gave his first public performance just a year later, Worrell wrote his first concerto at 8 and performed with the Washington Symphony Orchestra at 10. His classical studies would continue throughout his adolescence, including private lessons at the Juilliard School of Music, before he entered the New England Conservatory of Music. Upon leaving the conservatory, Worrell served for several years as musical director for Maxine Brown before joining George Clinton's Parliament-Funkadelic crew. Worrell then proceeded to provide this freewheeling collective with a structural foundation which, while occasionally implied, was ever-present. At the same time, he explored and expanded his own musical ideas in every conceivable direction with a brazenness which was both revolutionary and evolutionary. From fanciful forays on clavinet, which leaped without warning, to guttural gulps to squiggly squeals to liquid Minimoog bass lines, which herded listeners to the dance floor, it all represented new musical language. All the while, his rapid advancements of the synthesizer's potential were actually traceable to his classical foundation. The hits were many: "Flashlight," "Atomic Dog," "Aqua Boogie," "Cosmic Slop" and "Red Hot Mama" are only a few of the Parliament-Funkadelic classics which Worrell cowrote, played, and coproduced, on dozens of albums—not to mention his years of wild P-Funk performances, which quickly became the stuff of lore. After departing Parliament/Funkadelic, Worrell resurfaced with the revamped Talking Heads lineup for several albums, including The Name of This Band Is Talking Heads, Speaking in Tongues and Jonathan Demme's dazzling concert film, Stop Making Sense. Worrell's ominous colorings, this time delivered via new digital keyboards such as the Prophet 5, were central to the recasting of group leader David Byrne's musical ideas through African rhythms. In the years since he left Talking Heads, Worrell has been a phenomenally prolific studio musician, serving as a primary change-agent in the many experimental works of producer Bill Laswell while contributing his singular flair to projects by the likes of Keith Richards, the Pretenders, Jack Bruce, Deee-Lite, and Bootsy's New Rubber Band. At the same time, he has been among the most sampled musicians ever, with Digital Underground, De La Soul, Dr. Dre, Snoop Dogg, Ice Cube, DMX, and countless others having acknowledged his timeless grooves by building their tunes around his signature riffs. Worrell also released a series of critically acclaimed solo efforts, including Funk of Ages, Blacktronic Science, Pieces of WOO/The Other Side and Free Agent: A Spaced Odyssey. And he has become quite a sensation on the jam band circuit, playing with groups ranging from Warren Haynes' Gov't Mule to Laswell's Material, Method of Defiance and Praxis conglomerations. In 1997, Worrell was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame along with Parliament/Funkadelic (Talking Heads would follow five years later). That same year, he launched his own group, Bernie Worrell and the WOO Warriors, which has performed all over the US and abroad to rave reviews. The in-concert energy of this ensemble has twice been captured on live albums: Bernie Worrell and the WOO Warriors Live (1998) and True DAT (2002). Worrell's work has also continued to surface in other places. In 1993, when David Letterman moved his program to CBS, Worrell helped launch the CBS Orchestra with Paul Shaffer. He cowrote the score for the cult classic, Car 54, Where Are You? and other films, including the Ice Cube vehicle, Friday. In 2003, his music was featured in the NBC television mini-series, Kingpin. The "Wizard of WOO" continues to wear many hats as effortlessly as he mixes musical forms, performing with both Mos Def's Black Jack Johnson band and Colonel Claypool's Bucket of Bernie Brains. 2005 saw the release of Stranger: Bernie Worrell on Earth, a documentary film on the life of this master musician. And, between 2009 and 2010, Worrell assembled his latest musical project, SociaLybrium. SociaLybrium is features Worrell on keyboards, Melvin Gibbs on bass, Ronny Drayton on guitar, and JT Lewis on drums—a rock/funk/jazz fusion feast. To finish off 2010 with a bang, Worrell has just recently debuted another collaboration with guitar prodigy Wes Santo called WesN'Worrell. Admission: Free Buy tickets Read more about Bernie Worrell and SociaLybrium Pages« first ‹ previous … 487 488 489 490 491 492 493 494 495 … next › last »


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Pentagon officials suggested yesterday that U.S. civilian security contractors in Iraq fall under the Uniformed Code of Military Justice and could be prosecuted in military courts for offenses against Iraqis.
Pentagon spokesman Geoff Morrell told reporters that while U.S. civilians working in Iraq under Department of Defense contracts were not subject to Iraqi law, they could be held accountable under U.S. law.
Iraqi officials have complained of their inability to prosecute civilian contractors, some of whom have been accused of shooting indiscriminately into crowds and killing innocent civilians. Questions have been raised whether the contractors are subject to any law at all.
But Mr. Morrell said yesterday that the United States has the means through the Military Extraterritorial Jurisdiction Act and the Uniform Code of Military Justice "to hold contractors accountable."
"We have the means to go after them through the Department of Justice and we have the means to go after them through the military courts," he said.
Gary Myers, an Austin, Texas, lawyer who has defended both contractors and U.S. military personnel — including Sgt. Evan Vela, the soldier accused in a recent sniper-baiting case — disagreed. "Attempting to impose the military justice system on civilians is foolhardy, he said. "It raises more questions than it answers, and is probably constitutionally deficient with respect to civilians."
Such prosecution would subject civilians to trial before a jury of uniformed personnel, not their peers, for actions not usually considered crimes, such as disobedience of an order.
"These men and women [would] now become recognized as a stealth army, and that is an admission that this nation does not need," he said.
Contractors working in Iraq were a lot more blunt. "I think it is pure [expletive]," said one contractor, a former soldier now working on security contract. "Contractors are not military."
"The whole thing is absurd. What is the starting point and end point? I think they would be hard-pressed to make it stand, and it's going to open a big bag of worms."
While industry representatives support the clarification of accountability and oversight proposed by the Pentagon, they reject putting civilians under military law.
"We don't think it's a good idea," said Doug Brooks, president of the International Peace Operations Association based in Washington. He said the Pentagon could consider using the military justice system as a temporary solution while it completes revisions to regulations which applies to civilians working on U.S. military bases abroad.
"The Department of Defense has an army of [judge advocates general] working out doctrine for it," said Mr. Brooks.
Defense Secretary Robert M. Gates on Sunday sent a five-person team to Iraq to speak with "key players" about the U.S. military's relationship with and oversight of private security contractors.
The directive follows an incident in which security contractors employed by Blackwater USA were involved in a shootout while protecting a State Department convoy in Baghdad. Eleven Iraqis were killed.

subset: commoncrawl


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President Obama holds up a printed copy of his jobs plan at a campaign event at Burke Lakefront Airport in Cleveland on Thursday View Enlarged Image
President Obama wants four more years because, he says, things are getting better and this is no time to turn back. And the latest jobs report to be released before the election appeared to hold good news, showing the economy created 171,000 jobs in October.
But you don't have to look very hard to see that Obama has the worst jobs record of any president in modern times.
Despite 40 months of economic recovery, the number of payroll jobs today is just 0.1% above where it stood when Obama took office, and it's still 4.3 million below the previous peak.
What's more, in the 44 months Obama has been in office, the unemployment rate has been below 8% in just two, and it was at or above 9% for 29 months. No president since the Great Depression has produced unemployment rates that high for that long.
Worse, aside from the meager gain in jobs, every other employment indicator is worse today than it was in January 2009.
A higher unemployment rate. Right now, the jobless rate stands at 7.9%, which is higher than when Obama took office and higher than it was when voters tossed Gerald Ford, Jimmy Carter and George H.W. Bush out of office.
More unemployed. There are 209,000 more people out of work today than in January 2009. That's a stunning statistic, considering the fact that the recession ended five months after Obama was sworn in.
More long-term unemployed. Unlike other economic recoveries, this one has created a bigger pool of long-term unemployed, with 2.3 million more people who've been out of work 27 weeks or longer than there were in January 2009.
To put that in perspective, just the number of long-term unemployed added under Obama is bigger than the total number of long-term unemployed in all but a handful of months since 1948.
More people out of the labor force. Obama has also presided over an unprecedented explosion in the number of people who've dropped out of the labor force. Some 7.8 million Americans have stopped looking for work. Because these people don't get counted as unemployed, that has the effect of making the unemployment picture look better than it is.
In fact, had the labor force participation rate not dropped under Obama, the unemployment rate today would be 10.6%.
More people who can't find full-time jobs. The vast pool of part-time workers also masks the country's unemployment crisis. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, nearly 1 million more workers today are working at part-time jobs because they can't find full-time jobs than there were in January 2009. That is hardly a sign of progress, but instead is a sign of a country falling further behind because Obama's stagnant economy can't lift any boats.
American Decline: Chinese forces head to Syria to join with Russia in filling Obama's power vacuum and purportedly fight the Islamic State. A false move involving NATO member Turkey could mean world war.Russian and Chinese military sources now confirm that Chinese warships are en route to the ...
Law And Order: As violent crime waves swamp police across the U.S., the Obama regime plans to dump 6,000 prisoners convicted of drug dealing back on the streets, starting the end of this month. What could go wrong?Don't worry, the Justice Department says, the mass clemency won't hurt public safety. ...
Leadership: From the media's collective hysteria over Rep. Kevin McCarthy's surprise decision to withdraw from running for Speaker of the House, you'd think our system of government had been toppled. Well, it hasn't. Sen. Chuck Schumer of New York warned that the leadership shuffle could lead to a ...
The House of Representatives is looking for a new speaker. Such times of change present a perfect opportunity for Congress to reflect on what it should aspire to achieve. On top of the list is getting control of our fiscal situation by restraining government spending in ways that are consistent ...
For Democrats, the 2016 presidential race is becoming eerily reminiscent of 1968's debacle. Each week, the footsteps behind their prohibitive favorite grow louder, closer and more numerous — just as they did almost 50 years ago. Increasingly, Hillary Clinton appears to be LBJ, and Bernie ...
Investor's Business Daily provides exclusive stock lists, investing data, stock market research, education and the latest financial and business news to help investors make more money in the stock market. All of IBD's products and features are based on the CAN SLIM® Investing System developed by IBD's Founder William J. O'Neil, who identified the seven common characteristics that winning stocks display before making huge price gains. Each letter of CAN SLIM represents one of those traits.


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Jazz beat Blazers in a 102-97 comeback thriller
Desperate for a spark, Corbin inserted Jefferson to give the Jazz a big frontcourt that also included Millsap and Favors.
"You can play me at the 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5, it doesn't matter. I'm going to get out there and try to play it to the best of my ability," Millsap said of the lineup change that had him playing small forward. "We had a mismatch on the offensive end, and defensively we were able to get bigger and cut out some of their touches down low."
The Jazz's Big Three went to work, scoring 20 points in the final five-and-a-half minutes of the half.
The Blazers' big lead was trimmed to a meager three heading into the locker room after Millsap hit a fading turnaround shot with 5.9 seconds remaining.
More creativity — and clutch play — was required of the Jazz in the second half. Point guard Devin Harris left the game late in the second quarter with a sprained left ankle. He hoped to return after icing the joint at halftime, but he was ruled out for the second half.
"That's why we've got three point guards," Harris said.
With Harris out, Corbin turned to reserve Tinsley to start the third quarter with Hayward and the unconventional Big Three.
That lineup continued to mesh, even building an 11-point lead in the third quarter before Portland began chipping away to make a game of it in the end..
The tired Jazz fell apart in the fourth quarter, and it seemed Portland might eke this one out after Aldridge scored four straight points to tie it and Matthews put the Blazers up three with a long ball at the 2:35 mark.
But, knowing what was at stake, the Jazz gutted it up and scored the final eight points on a Jefferson hook, two Millsap dunks a pair of Hayward freebies.
Tinsley also made a clutch steal from Portland guard Raymond Felton with 26.9 seconds remaining, denying the Blazers a chance to go ahead and then finding Millsap under the bucket for a huge dunk.
"It's a huge satisfaction for us just to get a road win," said Corbin, whose team improved to 9-19 away from Utah. "It's a huge win for us. We're struggling a little bit, but we need to win."
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David Goldman, File, Associated Press
WASHINGTON — The number of people applying for U.S. unemployment benefits fell 21,000 to a seasonally adjusted 323,000 last week, the lowest since late September and further evidence of an improving job market.
The Labor Department said Thursday that the less volatile four-week average fell for the third straight week to 338,500. Both figures are near pre-recession levels.
Applications are a proxy for layoffs. They had spiked in early October because of the partial government shutdown and processing backlogs in California. But first-time applications have now fallen in five of the past six weeks. The decline indicates that employers are laying off fewer workers.
"If claims can remain at this week's level it would be easier to believe in the idea that ... payroll growth could break out to the upside," said Ian Shepherdson, chief economist at Pantheon Macroeconomics.
Some economists warned that last week's Veterans' Day holiday may have exaggerated last week's decline because many state government offices were closed on Nov. 11.
But the broader trend has been downward. The steady declines suggest hiring will remain healthy in the coming months. Employers added 204,000 jobs in October, shrugging off the 16-day shutdown.
Job growth accelerated over the summer. Employers added an average of 202,000 jobs per month from August through October. That's up sharply from an average of 146,000 in May through July.
The solid gains should help boost economic growth next year. Greater hiring, combined with modest increases in pay, appears to be supporting more spending. Higher retail spending last month has raised hopes that the holiday shopping season will be better than many analysts expected.
Still, the economy is far from healthy. More than four years after the recession officially ended, the unemployment rate remains high at 7.3 percent.
And nearly 3.9 million people received benefits during the week ended Nov. 2, the latest data available. That's down about 33,000 from the previous week. That total has fallen 26 percent in the past year. Many of the former recipients have likely found jobs. But most have likely used up all the benefits available to them
The Federal Reserve is closely monitoring the job market in deciding when to reduce its economic stimulus. The Fed has been buying bonds to keep long-term interest rates low and encourage more borrowing and spending.
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The New York Times is obsessed with the disturbing rightward shift in North Carolina, and used the uninspiring hook (the start of a state legislative session) to run yet another ominous story. It was reporter Trip Gabriel's turn on Sunday to document how not even North Carolina's governor is right-wing enough for the newly conservative state legislature: "North Carolina Governor Tested by Own G.O.P. as Legislators Return." (Though the North Carolina left still hates Gov. Pat McCory enough to get him disinvited from a local music festival.)
Times reporter Kim Severson has also provided sympathetic coverage of left-wing protests against "the newly conservative Republican leadership in North Carolina [which is] raising its voice against the loss of the state's centrist government and what they see as diminished recognition of the poor and minorities."


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APP OF THE DAY: Sherlock Holmes: A Game of Shadows Movie App review (iPad)
Pocket-lint is hearing from all manner of content providers and broadcasters that a massive focus for them at present is coming up with the correct way to present a second-screen experience. Many of their viewers and subscribers now watch TV, movies, etc, with mobile device in hand, ready to interact in ever more immersive ways.
At the moment, that mainly means a flashed hashtag or two on screen that programmers expect you to attach to relevant tweets. Or a button you prod in order to vote or play along. Thankfully though, there are also those who get it spot on, like Warner Bros with its...
Sherlock Holmes: A Game of Shadows Movie App
- Format
- iPad
- Price
- Free
- Where
- iTunes
Although the latest Sherlock Holmes Blu-ray (which comes out on 14 May) is not the first to sync with a companion application, allowing you to enjoy the film and bonus material on a second screen simultaneously, it is the first that puts the app at the forefront of the experience (in the UK at least - Warner's own Happy Feet Two featured similar in the US).
In fact, as the studio's own executive director of Creative Services, Donnie Roach, told us, you could even consider the iPad loaded with the Sherlock Holmes: A Game of Shadows Movie App as your primary display and the TV playing the Blu-ray as the second screen.
That's because, instead of playing the movie and having the app keep up with each scene - as with Monty Python: The Holy Book of Days - this specific application presents copious amounts of information like a content-rich eBook, and allows you to play specific clips and scenes on the big screen through tapping icons in the app. At all other times, the Blu-ray shows a holding screen, so as not to be distracting.
That's not to say the iPad app is not a fully featured bundle of information in its own right. It has plenty of video within that doesn't need the Blu-ray to work.
There are interviews with experts and cast members, including Stephen Fry who can be considered both. There are rendered animations that were used by the film's production team to visualise scenes before shooting. And there are bundles of scripts, storyboards and location maps. Plus, if you're not able to access the Blu-ray (and you won't be until Monday), even the triggers scattered about offer 10-second previews when not synced or connected to the internet.
We also like the application not being dedicated solely to Guy Ritchie's sequel, but having an entire section focused on the Sherlock Holmes myths and author Sir Arthur Conan Doyle. This includes a timeline of events that explains the most important moments in the great detective's lifespan, and there are nods at other, older portrayals of the character in TV and film.
The app also allows you to share information learnt through Facebook and Twitter, ensuring it ticks social media buttons. And each cast member has his or her own section, with a gallery of pictures that can be placed anywhere you like on screen, rotated and expanded like a virtual scrapbook.
There's certainly plenty to like and do, even if you have no desire to buy the Blu-ray, but that'd be a shame as it becomes so much more if you do. You needn't even worry about having an internet connection in your home (or one that both the Blu-ray player and iPad are hooked up to at the same time) because you can also sync video playback through a code system that's included. It's more clunky and requires you to input three-digit numbers every time you want to see a clip, but it works and would allow someone on, say, a plane to get the full experience too.
If we were to be honest, this is not an application you'll want to delve too much into if you haven't seen Sherlock Holmes: A Game of Shadows yet - it's a hornet's nest of spoilers - but it will definitely give you plenty of reason to revisit the disc long after you've watched the film itself.
Sherlock Holmes: A Game of Shadows comes out on Blu-ray in the UK on Monday 14 May. The Triple Play edition comes with a DVD and an Ultraviolet copy included, and the disc features the best use of Maximum Movie Mode (a visual walkthrough the entire movie with Robert Downey Jr and masses of interactive bonuses) yet. The app is available through iTunes now.
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Utah A.G. drops antitrust investigation of college football's BCS system for now
Gerald Herbert, File, Associated Press
SALT LAKE CITY — Utah Attorney General Mark Shurtleff said he is ending his quest to break up college football's Bowl Championship Series — for now — because of its move to a playoff system.
"We can't sue on the plan that we had before because they have changed so much," Shurtleff said. "We think the appropriate thing to do is wait and see how this plan develops. We will keep a very close eye on it."
The attorney general's office has been in the process of hiring an outside firm to pass off the antitrust investigation it has been conducting to determine whether the BCS illegally deprives universities a fair and equal chance to compete in championships and share in revenues.
"We've been busy clearing conflicts with the firm and so forth when the BCS, during that time, did what they said they would never do," Shurtleff said, "and that's move to a playoff system."
Shurtleff, a Republican who leaves office at the end of the year, has accused the BCS of antitrust violations that he says are robbing taxpayers of hundreds of millions of dollars a year.
The BCS announced in June it would be moving to a four-team playoff system and that the automatic qualifying system for certain conferences in the league would be done away with.
"At this point, all we know is that there is going to be a selection committee that is going to pick the four top teams," Shurtleff said. "We know that they are going to do a bidding proposal for the championship game. … We're very suspicious that a selection committee picking four teams is still going to be an antitrust problem, but we don't know for sure."
The attorney general said he has four attorneys in his office who will continue to monitor the BCS after he leaves office and that they, along with the state of Utah, will make a decision about whether to pursue an antitrust suit once specific details on the future of college football are announced.
A lawsuit would seek damages for schools including the University of Utah and Boise State that have lost out on millions of dollars over the years because the existing system keeps non-preferred conferences at a competitive disadvantage, he said.
That has become moot for the University of Utah, which is now in its second season in the PAC-12. Shurtleff has said that makes no difference in terms of pursuing legal action. Meanwhile, BYU no longer belongs to a football conference and is playing its second season as an independent.
Both schools have been highly ranked in college football polls in recent seasons, and Utah has played in two BCS bowl games, beating Pittsburgh in the Fiesta Bowl and Alabama in the Sugar Bowl.
Shurtleff's effort to sue the BCS appeared to pick up some momentum last year when the Department of Justice sent a letter to NCAA President Mark Emmert asking him why there isn't a Football Bowl Subdivision playoff system. The letter was the first sign that DOJ officials may look into the much-maligned system.
Twitter: @FinleyJY
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text:
Page 1
Virus Research 117 (2006) 156–184
Evolutionary genomics of nucleo-cytoplasmic large DNA viruses
Lakshminarayan M. Iyer, S. Balaji, Eugene V. Koonin, L. Aravind∗
National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA
Available online 21 February 2006
A previous comparative-genomic study of large nuclear and cytoplasmic DNA viruses (NCLDVs) of eukaryotes revealed the monophyletic
origin of four viral families: poxviruses, asfarviruses, iridoviruses, and phycodnaviruses [Iyer, L.M., Aravind, L., Koonin, E.V., 2001. Common
origin of four diverse families of large eukaryotic DNA viruses. J. Virol. 75 (23), 11720–11734]. Here we update this analysis by including
the recently sequenced giant genome of the mimiviruses and several additional genomes of iridoviruses, phycodnaviruses, and poxviruses. The
parsimonious reconstruction of the gene complement of the ancestral NCLDVshows that it was a complex virus with at least 41 genes that encoded
packaging apparatus, and structural components of an icosahedral capsid and the viral membrane. The phylogeny of the NCLDVs is reconstructed
by cladistic analysis of the viral gene complements, and it is shown that the two principal lineages of NCLDVs are comprised of poxviruses
by several derived shared characters, which seemed to rule out the previously suggested basal position of the mimivirus [Raoult, D., Audic, S.,
Robert, C., Abergel, C., Renesto, P., Ogata, H., La Scola, B., Suzan, M., Claverie, J.M. 2004. The 1.2-megabase genome sequence of Mimivirus.
Science 306 (5700), 1344–1350]. These results indicate that the divergence of the major NCLDV families occurred at an early stage of evolution,
prior to the divergence of the major eukaryotic lineages. It is shown that subsequent evolution of the NCLDV genomes involved lineage-specific
expansion of paralogous gene families and acquisition of numerous genes via horizontal gene transfer from the eukaryotic hosts, other viruses,
and bacteria (primarily, endosymbionts and parasites). Amongst the expansions, there are multiple families of predicted virus-specific signaling
and regulatory domains. Most NCLDVs have also acquired large arrays of genes related to ubiquitin signaling, and the animal viruses in particular
have independently evolved several defenses against apoptosis and immune response, including growth factors and potential inhibitors of cytokine
like peptidases. It is further demonstrated that a significant number of genes found in NCLDVs also have homologs in bacteriophages, although a
vertical relationship between the NCLDVs and a particular bacteriophage group could not be established. On the basis of these observations, two
alternative scenarios for the origin of the NCLDVs and other groups of large DNA viruses of eukaryotes are considered. One of these scenarios
posits an early assembly of an already large DNA virus precursor from which various large DNA viruses diverged through an ongoing process
of displacement of the original genes by xenologous or non-orthologous genes from various sources. The second scenario posits convergent
emergence, on multiple occasions, of large DNA viruses from small plasmid-like precursors through independent accretion of similar sets of genes
due to strong selective pressures imposed by their life cycles and hosts.
Published by Elsevier B.V.
Keywords: DNA viruses; Evolution; Poxvirus; Capping enzyme; Triphosphatase; Iridovirus; Coccolithovirus; Phycodnavirus; Primase; Origin of viruses; DNA
replication; Origin of DNA replication; Papain-like peptidase; Sugar metabolism; Ubiqutin signaling; Growth factors; Cytokine signaling; Apoptosis
1. Introduction
The origin(s) of viruses had been a topic of intense specula-
tion and debate ever since their discovery (Gibbs et al., 1995;
Koonin, 1992). With the first biochemical studies on viruses, it
became clear that only two common features were shared by all
∗Corresponding author. Tel.: +1 301 594 2445; fax: +1 301 480 9241.
E-mail address: firstname.lastname@example.com (L. Aravind).
viruses: (1) their obligate intracellular parasitism; and (2) their
virion architecture comprised of a genomic nucleic acid, typi-
cally of a single type (either RNA or DNA), packaged into a
protein capsid, which in some cases is further associated with
general features, viruses show tremendous diversity in every
respect, including genome size and organization, capsid archi-
tecture, mechanisms of propagation, and interactions with host
cells. Viruses infect organisms from all three superkingdoms of
0168-1702/$ – see front matter. Published by Elsevier B.V.
Page 2
L.M. Iyer et al. / Virus Research 117 (2006) 156–184
viruses suggests that they must have had multiple evolutionary
origins, and the common features observed in all viruses reflect
convergences emerging from adaptations to intracellular para-
sitism. The times and the modes of origins of the various types
of viruses and their relationships to cellular genomes remain
major issues of debate among evolutionary biologists. Broadly,
the early theories of viral origins could be placed in two cate-
phases of life's evolution and associated them with the primi-
tive precursors of cellular systems (Alstein, 1992; Gibbs et al.,
1995). The second group of theories saw viruses as secondary
derivatives of cellular systems that underwent drastic degener-
ation as a consequence of extreme parasitism, or "break away"
elements from cellular genomes that survived as minimal para-
sitic replicons (Gibbs et al., 1995). The two groups of theories
are not mutually exclusive: conceivably, some classes of viruses
could be primordial whereas others could be later derivatives
of "break away" elements from cellular systems. The advent of
the first complete genome sequences of viruses did not resolve
these debates entirely, but threw considerable light on the actual
diversity in the coding capacity of various viruses, the affinities
between different viral groups and homologies between viral
genes and those of cellular organisms.
The first decade of viral comparative genomics revealed sev-
eral major assemblages of viruses that were unified on the
basis of the evolutionarily conserved proteins of their repli-
cation apparatus. Firstly, it became clear that the retroviruses,
together with their various relatives such as the hepadnaviruses,
plant badnaviruses, and tungroviruses, and the diverse retro-
scriptase (RT) as their principal replication polymerase (Xiong
and Eickbush, 1990). The RNA-dependent RNA polymerases
(RDRP) of diverse positive strand RNA viruses and several
ing a common origin for this entire assembly of viruses (Kamer
and Argos, 1984; Koonin et al., 1989). At a deeper level, the
RTs and RDRPs have been shown to descend from an ancestral
replicase that utilized an RNA template (Delarue et al., 1990;
might have ultimately descended from an ancient replicon with
an RNA genome. This unification also suggested that the diver-
sification of these viruses might be linked to one of the funda-
genomes (Forterre, 2002; Leipe et al., 1999; Wintersberger and
Wintersberger, 1987).
Similarly, certain assemblages sharing common replication
systems also became apparent amongst the DNA viruses. In
particular, many small DNA viruses and related plasmids and
transposons were unified on the basis of a shared rolling circle
replication endonuclease (RCRE), which initiates the epony-
mous form of replication of these elements (Ilyina and Koonin,
1992; Iyer et al., 2005; Kapitonov and Jurka, 2001). However,
genomes with dozens or even hundreds of genes remained far
more difficult to elucidate. Amongst the bacteriophages, several
major monophyletic groups, such as the lambdoid phages, were
identified (Hendrix, 2003). Among the animal large dsDNA
of these families have been partially reconstructed and, in each
case, inferred to have had over 50 genes (Davison et al., 2005;
Hughes and Friedman, 2005; Lauzon et al., 2005; McLysaght et
salient features of replication, gene expression and virion archi-
tecture apparently emerged early in their evolution and were
retained over vast evolutionary time spans. In contrast, higher-
order relationships between various groups of large eukaryotic
DNA viruses, if any, remained uncertain. In our previous work,
we addressed this issue through comprehensive comparative
analysis of the protein sequences encoded by large eukaryotic
DNA viruses, followed by cladistic analysis using a character
matrix based on the conserved features of these proteins (Iyer et
of several families of large eukaryotic DNA viruses, including
the animal poxviruses, iridoviruses, and asfarviruses (with a
single representative, the African Swine Fever Virus, ASFV),
and the phycodnaviruses, which infect phylogenetically diverse
We named this major, monophyletic assemblage of large
eukaryotic DNA viruses the Nucleo-Cytoplasmic Large DNA
Virus (NCLDV) clade as they either replicate exclusively in
the cytoplasm of the host cell or start their life cycle in the
host nucleus but complete it in the cytoplasm. Typically, the
NCLDVs do not exhibit much dependence on the host repli-
cation or transcription systems for completing their replication
because, even in viruses like Paramecium bursaria Chlorella
virus (PBCV), which initiate replication in the nucleus, disrup-
replication (Van Etten et al., 1986). This relative independence
of the NCLDVs from the host cells is consistent with the fact
ing most key life-cycle processes, such as DNA polymerases,
tion resolvases and topoisomerases for genome manipulation,
gation, ATPase pumps for DNA packaging, and chaperones
involved in the capsid assembly (Iyer et al., 2001). In the origi-
shared by all families of NCLDVs and 22 additional proteins
shared by at least three of the four families (Iyer et al., 2001).
This suggested that all extant NCLDV families have descended
from a common ancestor that already had a fairly complex gene
repertoire and was capable of completing its replication cycle in
relative autonomy from the cell.
Subsequent to the original description of the NCLDV group,
several major developments have occurred, the chief among
them being sequencing of the 1.2-megabase genome of the
gigantic Acanthamoeba polyphaga Mimivirus (Raoult et al.,
2004). Analysis of the mimivirus genome showed that it was
a new branch of the NCLDV group. In addition, this largest
known viral genome contains numerous multi-gene families as
Page 3
L.M. Iyer et al. / Virus Research 117 (2006) 156–184
well as genes that might have been accrued by the viral genome
via extensive horizontal gene transfer (HGT) (Desjardins et
al., 2005; Koonin, 2005; Raoult et al., 2004). Additionally, the
genomes of several new vertebrate iridoviruses have been pub-
lished and shown to contain many genes beyond those found
in the originally sequenced isolate of fish lymphocystis disease
virus (Do et al., 2004; He et al., 2001, 2002; Jancovich et al.,
2003; Song et al., 2004; Tsai et al., 2005). Concomitantly, there
have been several advances in the sequence analysis of the viral
proteins, including the prediction of the replicative primase of
the NCLDVs and its relationship to the herpesvirus primases
(Iyer et al., 2005). The accumulating data on phage genomes
have also provided additional material to compare diverse large
DNA viruses.
In light of this new information, we herewith revisit the
NCLDVs to address several major issues relevant for the evolu-
tion of this group of viruses: (i) new support for the monophyly
of the NCLDV clade; (ii) reconstruction of key biological fea-
(iii) contributions of lineage-specific expansions of gene fami-
lies and gene accretion, via HGT from hosts and co-occurring
symbionts and parasites, to the genomic growth of large DNA
viruses; (iv) the relationship between NCLDVs and other large
DNA viruses, phages, and plasmids; (v) the implications of the
emerging picture of the evolution of NCLDVs and other large
DNA viruses for the origins of cellular life.
2. Re-examination of the NCLDV phylogeny and
derivation of core gene sets for different NCLDV clades
To re-evaluate the original results concerning the monophyly
and evolutionary radiation of the NCLDVs in light of the
new genome sequences, we performed a systematic analysis
of the proteins encoded by the mimivirus and the following
iridoviruses: the new Chinese isolate of lymphocystis disease
virus, Singapore Grouper virus, Rock Bream iridovirus, Infec-
tigrinum stebbensi virus, and Chilo iridescent virus. The new
LDV isolate has 70–90 additional genes, which were not found
in the originally sequenced LDV isolate, but are often present
in other iridoviruses. Accordingly, we used this strain as it
is a more representative form of this virus. The genome of a
phycodnavirus infecting the prymnesiophyte (haptophyte) alga
Emiliania huxleyi [EHV; (Wilson et al., 2005)] was released
when the present manuscript was being finalized. Therefore,
we could not include the EHV genome in the cladistic analyses;
nevertheless, analysis of the predicted protein sequences of this
virus was performed to identify interesting features relevant
to the overall description of the NCLDVs. The Feldmannia
irregularis virus, another phycodnavirus, was also analyzed but
not used in any further comparisons because it is closely related
to the Ectocarpus siliculosus virus and did not provide any
described here are: Chordopoxviruses (Vaccinia virus, VV;
Molluscum Contagiosum virus, MCV; Fowlpox virus, FPV),
Entomopoxviruses (Amsacta moorei Virus, AMV; Melanoplus
sanguinipes Virus, MSV), Asfarviruses (African Swine Fever
Virus, ASFV), Fish iridoviruses (lymphocystis disease virus
Chinese isolate, LDV; Singapore Grouper virus, SGV; Rock
Bream iridovirus, RBV), Amphibian iridoviruses (Frog virus
3, FV3; Ambystoma tigrinum stebbensi virus, ATSV), Insect
iridoviruses (Chilo iridescent virus, CIV), Phycodnaviruses
(Paramecium bursaria Chlorella Virus, PBCV; Ectocarpus
siliculosus Virus, ESV; and Emiliania huxleyi virus-EHV), and
mimivirus (Acanthamoeba polyphaga mimivirus). All con-
using a combination of clustering with the BLASTCLUST pro-
and sequence profile searches with PSIBLAST (Altschul et al.,
1997). Clustering of the entire set of NCLDV proteins was also
carried out to identify lineage-specific expansions of protein
families. All proteins were further investigated using PSI-
BLAST position-specific scoring matrices to identify potential
conserved domains; identification of such domains often leads
to new insights into the functions of the respective proteins
(Aravind and Koonin, 1999b). These features were used to
develop a standard annotation of the protein complements of
the NCLDVs. The evolutionary affinities of viral proteins with
their homologs from other viruses and cellular organisms were
assessed where feasible by using conventional phylogenetic
trees constructed with neighbor-joining, minimum evolution,
and maximum likelihood methods (Felsenstein, 2004).
The sequenced NCLDV genomes contain from ∼150 (LDV)
to ∼900 (the mimivirus) predicted protein-coding genes. We re-
by removing short open reading frames (ORFs) that did not
have detectable homologs in the current databases, ORFs with
completely biased amino acid composition, and ORFs which
overlapped with well-defined genes but lacked homologs, and
plotting the resulting number of predicted genes against the
genome size. The numbers of genes identified by this conser-
vative approach show a good linear fit (R2=0.94; Fig. 1). Thus,
Fig. 1. Linear correlation between the number of predicted genes and the
genome size (in nucleotides) in NCLDVs. The number of genes in each genome
was corrected by removing short, compositionally biased ORFs, and predicted
ORFs that overlap with well-defined genes but lack homologs.
Page 4
L.M. Iyer et al. / Virus Research 117 (2006) 156–184
vations suggest that the NCLDVs have a nearly constant gene
density, which is indicative of similar selective forces affecting
proteome size range, and the enormous range of hosts infected
tor behind the observed pattern.
Having obtained, through the comprehensive protein
sequence comparison, the conserved characters for the NCLDV
assemblage, including the new sequences, we rebuilt the phylo-
Fig. 2. A phylogenetic tree of the NCLDVs built on the basis of conserved gene set analysis. The tree topology is based on the consensus cladogram derived by
cladistic analysis. The number of proteins reconstructed as being present in the ancestral core of a clade of viruses is shown next to the blue circles. Shown in
brackets are the numbers of proteins that are unique to a particular clade. Proteins that are predicted to be part of the ancestral NCLDV genome are shown on the
left. Protein names in red and marked with an asterisk represent members of the ancestral genes set that have not been identified in our previous reconstruction (Iyer
et al., 2001). The transcription factor A7L protein was formerly called the ASFV-B385R-like protein (abbreviations: THP, Terminal hairpin; TIR, Terminal inverted
repeats; CPTR, Circularly permuted terminally redundant).
Page 5
L.M. Iyer et al. / Virus Research 117 (2006) 156–184
parsimonious trees implemented in the PAUP program package
with at least 41 proteins (10 additional proteins beyond the
originally defined set) traceable to their last common ances-
tor (Fig. 2). These proteins belong to a wide range of functional
stantially changed the internal relationships within the NCLDV
are not found in any other NCLDV. Overall, at least 74 proteins
were confidently assigned to the last common ancestor of the
naviruses within this clade was supported by another set of 12
had a number of specific adaptations that allowed it to spread
widely and infect a range of phylogenetically diverse protists.
However, perhaps, unexpectedly, the new analysis did not
recover any support for a clade uniting all animal NCLDV
lineages. Instead, a set of 11 proteins was identified that sup-
ported a higher-order clade consisting of the iridoviruses and
the mimivirus+phycodnavirus clade (Fig. 2). The alternative
grouping of the three animal NCLDV lineages resulted in only
three synapomorphies (unique proteins) supporting their mono-
phyly; furthermore, there was no support for the grouping of
either ASFV or the poxviruses with iridoviruses. As in the pre-
vious analysis (Iyer et al., 2001), the most parsimonious tree
had ASFV and poxviruses as sister groups, but this node was
absence of further evidence. This phylogeny supports an early
radiation of the major NCLDV groups in protists as opposed
to the emergence of all animal NCLDVs from a single, ances-
and iridoviruses can be reconstructed in greater detail thanks to
diverse animals. The common ancestor of all known poxviruses
the known iridoviruses was inferred to contain at least 59 genes.
Within both poxviruses and iridoviruses, there is strong support
for the monophyly of the viruses infecting vertebrates, with the
ancestor of the chordopoxviruses predicted to encode at least
119 proteins and that of the vertebrate iridoviruses at least 59
proteins. Likewise, the monophyly of the entomopoxviruses is
strongly supported with a set of 117 proteins predicted for their
sequenced insect iridovirus, the ascovirus, similarly supports
a monophyletic arthropod iridovirus lineage. Within the verte-
brates, the phylogenies of poxviruses seemed to recapitulate the
phylogeny of the animal hosts (Fig. 2). However, the amphib-
ian iridoviruses are closer to the fish SGV, to the exclusion
of the other fish virus LDV. These observations are best com-
patible with a single invasion of the animals by the ancestors
of poxviruses and iridoviruses each. Whereas the poxviruses
appear to have subsequently followed a vertical co-evolution
with the host, the vertebrate iridoviruses might have spread
across different vertebrate hosts sharing the same aquatic envi-
reconstructed cores of both this progenitor and the ancestors of
individual clades are considerably smaller than the proteomes
of the extant viruses. Thus, evolution of the NCLDVs must have
included either growth in the size of their genomes through-
out their existence, or extensive turnover of some genes of
an already gene-rich ancestor, except those belonging to the
relatively stable core. These two trends are not mutually exclu-
sive, and indeed, below we present evidence for gene accretion,
lineage-specific expansions, as well as loss and displacement of
many genes throughout the history of the NCLDV genomes.
3. Core functional systems of NCLDVs and their
elaboration in different viral lineages
by all or most of the NCLDVs and inferred to have been present
in their common ancestor, we discuss below the reconstructions
3.1. DNA replication
All NCLDVs share a DNA polymerase of the B family,
which, like the principal replicative polymerases of archaea and
eukaryotes, contains the polymerase catalytic domain fused to
an N-terminal 3?→5?exonuclease domain (Leipe et al., 1999).
The NCLDVs, except for the entomopoxviruses, also encode a
tein (vaccinia G8R) is extremely divergent (Iyer et al., 2001),
which might be related to the additional role of this protein in
transcription (Dellis et al., 2004; Iyer et al., 2001). In contrast to
the DNA clamps, the clamp-loader ATPases, related to eukary-
codnaviruses and the mimiviruses. The D5R-like ATPase, typi-
fied by the eponymous vaccinia protein essential for DNA repli-
cation, appears to be the replicative helicase that is conserved
in all NCLDVs. The D5R family belongs to the helicase Super-
family (SF) III within the AAA+ ATPase class, which includes
the primary replicative helicases of many other DNA and RNA
viruses (Gorbalenya et al., 1990; Iyer et al., 2004b). Our recent
analysis showed that the D5R helicases are distinguished from
other SFIII family members by the presence of a unique N-
terminal domain, the D5N domain (Iyer et al., 2005). The strict
association between the D5N and the AAA+ ATPase domain in
the D5R family suggests that D5N mediates recognition of the
substrate and/or primer initiation sites by these proteins.
We recently showed that the N-terminal region of the
related to the archaeo-eukaryote type primases (AEPs). Further


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The Minnesota Twins came to Milwaukee this weekend hoping to salvage the last leg of what had been a miserable road trip. They may wind up returning home with plenty of positive momentum.
The Twins go for a three-game sweep of the Brewers on Sunday at Miller Park as their 10-game, three-city trek comes to an end.
Not much had gone right for Minnesota (34-35) in its previous stops at Chicago and Cleveland. The Twins dropped six of seven, while allowing 10 or more runs in four of those games and being outscored 58-25.
The Twins, though, followed a well-played 10-2 win Friday with a little bit of good fortune in Saturday's 9-4, 12-inning victory that ensured them their first series win since sweeping Kansas City in a three-game set May 27-29.
Minnesota caught its break Saturday in the bottom of the 10th, when a potential game-winning home run hit by Prince Fielder that hit the yellow line on the center field fence came back into the field of play. Fielder settled for a triple, and Twins reliever Matt Guerrier escaped further trouble to extend the game.
"It doesn't matter, it hit the yellow line, it didn't hit over the fence," said Brewers manager Ned Yost, who appreciated that the umpiring crew got together to agree on the call. "It hit the yellow line and bounced back."
Two innings later, Brian Buscher had a go-ahead, two-run single and Michael Cuddyer added a two-run triple and scored on an error by center fielder Mike Cameron - Milwaukee's fourth of the series - as the Twins pulled away.
"It was wild," said Buscher, who went 3-for-5 with three RBIs. "Everybody wants to be in that situation, luckily I came through."
Scott Baker (2-1, 3.60) will try to give the Twins their first sweep of the Brewers since June 30-July 2, 2006. The right-hander finally ended a stretch of five starts without a decision, but was a tough-luck loser at Cleveland on Tuesday, when he limited the Indians to one run in seven innings of a 1-0 defeat.
Baker is winless since April 15, but the Twins have provided him just nine runs of support during his six-start drought. He has won both of his previous starts at Miller Park, but the Brewers defeated him at the Metrodome exactly one year ago to the day Sunday - tagging him for six runs in 4 2-3 innings.
Milwaukee (35-33) turns to Seth McClung (3-3, 4.07) to avoid being swept at home for the first time since dropping three games to St. Louis last Aug. 14-16. McClung has alternated wins and losses in four starts since joining the rotation, but has pitched well in his last two outings.
The right-hander lost at Houston on Tuesday despite limiting the Astros to two runs in six innings of a 6-1 defeat, and has yielded just three runs in 12 innings in his last two starts.
McClung is 0-2 with a save and 10.80 ERA in three lifetime appearances versus the Twins, giving up 10 runs in 8 1-3 innings.
Brewers left fielder Ryan Braun, who hit a solo homer Saturday, has a six-game streak with at least one RBI.


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Mail surprise: Vet waits 61 years for service medals
He's had bigger surprises in his life, but few that struck the discordant tones this one did.
Just before Christmas, and 61 years since he left the battlefields of Korea, Edmund Vallejo opened a small envelope from the day's mail. It contained five Naval service awards — including a bronze star and combat medal — and a beribboned medal from a long-dead Korean president.
"I was in shock at first, and I've seen a lot of Marines die after they went into shock," said the 83-year-old Vallejo, a retired longtime School District 60 teacher, administrator and superintendent.
And then he got angry, at a government that neglected to say thank you when he completed his Korean combat tour as a Naval photographer, and refused to help him when he asked years later.
50 Years of Civil Rights in Pueblo
The Growing Trade
A 6-day series reviews the first year in legal sales in Pueblo and surrounding counties.
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There's no better source for news on Southern Colorado water issues than The Pueblo Chieftain.
Steel City
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Explore our database of unsolved homicides and missing persons cases.


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On September 5th, X Biz Magazine, an industry resource for the adult industry, reported that sex toys targeting a male demographic had recently shown an 18 percent increase in sales.
For several decades, authors such as Susie Bright, Germain Greer and others have specialized in writing and lecturing about what they call sex positive feminism. These writers, and others, told women that it's OK to pursue and take control of their sexual fantasies. Men, on the other hand, were often encouraged to "sow their wild oats" and left to figure it out for themselves.
But all that's changing, according to Sarah Forbes-Roberts of Come As You Are, an adult pleasure emporium in Toronto. Forbes-Roberts and Carol Queen of San Francisco based Good Vibrations both chatted with SFGN on the new phenomenon of pleasure enhancers marketed towards men.
For the uninitiated, an adult pleasure shop is a business that caters to adult sexuality. While selling porn DVDs is a part of the inventory, a pleasure shop offers much more. According to Good Vibrations website, the company was founded in 1977 "to provide high quality products, education and information that promotes sexual health, pleasure and empowerment."
In addition to adult DVDs and toys, businesses such as these offer classes and workshops in which patrons can educate themselves on how to fulfill their sexual fantasies in a safe environment. Once geared primarily towards women, these shops are now adapting to the changing demographic of their customer base.
Sarah Forbes-Roberts feels that things have changed considerably across the sexual landscape, for both men and women. "I don't think 'chaste until marriage' is the cultural norm these days," she said. "Women have been writing, researching and teaching for years on exploring sexuality. Popular media moments like "Sex and the City" and "Fifty Shades" have enabled communities of women to chat openly with each other. We haven't seen cultural acceptance of heterosexual male sexuality from the grassroots."
But it's now different, Forbes-Roberts reports. Straight, gay, bisexual and transgender men are embracing their fantasies and educating themselves as women have been doing. "I think it is right across the board with men starting to see the kind of high end products that validate their ideas that sexuality is not a joke or a novelty but something precious and deserving of expense. The shift I think has been women introducing sex toys into the bedroom and gifting masturbation toys with a wink. We definitely have customers of all generations and orientations and it is pretty rare for customers to identify their orientation."


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Ahmedabad Resorts
19 Ahmedabad Resorts List ranked by travellers
Average Rating - 5.34/7, based on 158 Ratings & 69 Reviews | Price Range : Rs. 500 - 7200
India Says Yes Award
Winner for categories:
9 Photos
Rank 1
"Beautiful dunga in the middle of no where. Authentic kutchi feel under a clear night sky. Amazing..." More ›Mayank kumar, Delhi, Jan 30, 2015
10 Photos
Rank 2
Airport-Gandhinagar Highway, Bhat, Ahmedabad
"Ahmedabad - Gandhinagar highway is good. Entrance and security check are full proof. Food was..." More ›Rahul, Ahmedabad, 1 month ago
13 Photos
Rank 3
S.G. Highway, Sardar Patel Ring Road, Vaishnovdevi Crossing, Ahmedabad
"The break was absolutely comfortable. The accession administrator was actual helpful. We had..." More ›Prakash, Chennai, 2 months ago
9 Photos
Rank 4
"Kensville Golf Resort is 45 minutes by street from Ahmedabad and along these lines extremely..." More ›Akash, Surat, 3 months ago
9 Photos
Rank 5
Mumbai Ahmedabad Highway, Ahmedabad
"This is excellent resort in Ahmedabad royal garden. Royal garden resort very smart and beautiful...." More ›Nayan, Bhilwara, 3 months ago
3 Photos
Rank 6
Amipura, Ahmedabad-Mahesana Highway, Dist Mahesana
" Excellent place to visit. Specially when visit in summer. Awesome experience." More ›Jigar, Baroda, Dec 27, 2012
3 Photos
Rank 7
402 Jeet Complex, C G Road, B/H Jain Temple, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad
"Swapna Srushti River Resort i stayed in this resort for couple of days it was my business trip to..." More ›Indravadn, Ahmedabad, Apr 18, 2012
69 Photos
Rank 8
"Gulmohar Green Golf club and resort as name suggest is known for golf. It is having a large lush..." More ›Sangeeta, Ahmedabad, 2 months ago
Rank 9
"It feels like a relaxing moment and I enjoyed with friends. If you smell it Gujarat's culture and..." More ›Arpan, 3 weeks ago
Rank 10
Amirapur, Ahmedabad Mehsana Highway, Near Safronic College
"I visited Ahmedabad. Hotel was good. Rooms are spacious and cleaned. Location was the best so..." More ›Jai prakash guptaa, Adari, Dec 5, 2014
Rank 11
"Destination place is very nice and location of the hotel is also not that bad. Only thing that is..." More ›Sunil, Ahmedabad, Nov 24, 2014
2 Photos
Rank 12
Sudma House, Pritam Nagar, Ellisbridge, Ahmedabad
Rank 13
Vidhya Pet, Circuit Gandhi Nagar, Opp.Gujarat High Court, Ahmedabad
"Overall it�s a good hotel to stay. Food is good and serving staffs were quite polite and prompt..." More ›Jimmy, Surat, Nov 14, 2014
Rank 14
Rank 17
Rank 15
48-49, Basement Hare Krishna Complex, Pritamnagar, Elisbridge, Ahmedabad
Rank 18
Rank 19
Sanand Nalsarovar Road, Behind Kundal Village
Rank 16
Resorts in Ahmedabad with Tariff Rates
- One of the fastest growing cities in India, Ahmedabad is a popular tourist destination. In addition to business hotels, boutique and heritage hotels, resorts too are a popular accommodation choice among travellers visiting the city. Popular resorts in Ahmedabad, as ranked by travellers on HolidayIQ.com, are Greenwoods Lake Resort, Water World Resort, Royal Garden Resort, Sun And Step Club, Club Kensville Golf Resort, Sudama Resorts and Silver Oak Hotel. Many resorts are located in the outskirts of the city. Preferred by families and groups, these resorts organise varied indoor facilities such as access to the swimming pool, gym and sports arena, as well as organise outdoor activities like sightseeing trips to the city.
- There are 19 resorts in Ahmedabad reviewed by actual travellers. The cheapest Ahmedabad resort deal is available at Rs.29. You can search for Ahmedabad Hotel
(473), Ahmedabad B&B/Guest house/Hostel/Lodge(112), Ahmedabad Resorts(19), Ahmedabad Apartment/Serviced apartment(7), Ahmedabad Heritage(2).
There are different types of resorts in Ahmedabad available for families, lovers, kids, friends and specially for newly married couples who are looking for perfect honeymoon destination.


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J&J (JNJ) unit Janssen Biotech buys the global licensing rights to cancer agent daratumumab...
J&J (JNJ) unit Janssen Biotech buys the global licensing rights to cancer agent daratumumab from Danish biotech Genmab in a deal that could eventually be worth over $1.1B. Janssen is paying $55M upfront and will make further payments following the achievement of development, regulatory and sales milestones. J&J is also investing $80M in Genmab in return for a 10.7% stake. (PR)
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We are hosting an Essense of Australia trunk show at White Traditions Bridal House.
This is hands down one of our favorite designers! We love the look and feel of every single bridal gown! The wedding dresses are soft and romantic, and very Pinterest-worthy! The designers feature everything a girl could ever want…low backs, lace trains, and great colors.
We are very excited to have these gowns at our store! The trunk show will feature the newest collection, and we will also be offering a discount on everything from the brand for one weekend only!
The trunk show is by appointment only, so please call to schedule soon!
What: Essense of Australia Trunk Show
When: September 11, 12, 13
Where: White Traditions Bridal House


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Originally posted on The Penalty Flag | Last updated 10/2/12
SEATTLE - JANUARY 03: Running back Chris Johnson #28 of the Tennessee Titans rushes against the Seattle Seahawks on January 3, 2010 at Qwest Field in Seattle, Washington. The Titans defeated the Seahawks 17-13. (Photo by Otto Greule Jr/Getty Images)
Chris Johnson is arguably the best runner for the Tennessee Titans. An explosive runner that has been reduced to the bottom of the NFL stat sheets. Johnson is the 2K yard man with many attributes that attributed to one of the top contracts for a running back in the NFL.
Why the suggestion to get rid of him? I'll admit that it would be hard to watch your star player once again be a star in someone else's system. Many might agree that Chris might have lost a step or two. You might even think that he is still the best running back in the league. Whichever way you sway on this, you have to agree that it hasn't been working out for the Titans.… Read more
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Vectura was established in 1997 to identify and develop opportunities in drug formulation and delivery. Vectura has evolved into a product development company that focuses on the development of pharmaceutical therapies for airways diseases.
Global development and licence agreement with Janssen Biotech (VR096) announced. Novartis confirm US FDA filing acceptance of NDAs for QVA149 and NVA237. VR942 Phase I Clinical study commenced
AirFluSal® Forspiro® launched in the EU by Sandoz. Vectura acquired Activaero GmbH and raised £52m. Vectura signs a further US collaboration agreement with a leading international pharmaceutical company (existing undisclosed partner for VR315 US) for the VR506 asthma therapy. Novartis submit regulatory applications to US FDA for QVA149 and NVA237
Ultibro® Breezhaler® (QVA149) and Seebri® Breezhaler® (NVA237) launched by Novartis in EU and Japan. Establishment of Kinnovata joint venture in China. Initiated co-development deal with UCB for a novel molecule, VR942. Our partner Sandoz granted first marketing authorisation for AirFluSal® Forspiro® (VR315 EU & ROW) in Denmark
Seebri® Breezhaler® (NVA237) approved in EU and Japan. Novartis announces positive Phase III data for QVA149
Novartis announces positive NVA237 Phase III data and files in Europe and Japan. In August, Vectura licenses VR315 ROW rights to Sandoz and VR315 US rights to an undisclosed partner
Vectura regains US rights to VR315 from Sandoz. GSK licenses some of Vectura's dry powder drug formulation patents. Vectura closes laboratory facilities in Nottingham and consolidates formulation activities on the Chippenham site
Vectura's partner Novartis commenced Phase III studies with NVA237 triggering milestone payment and additional milestone payments for VR315 in Europe and US from Sandoz
Vectura and its partners announce positive Phase II data for NVA237. Sandoz was confirmed as partner for the generic asthma/COPD product VR315
Vectura acquired Innovata plc. In July, Vectura moves from AIM to the Official List on the London Stock Exchange
Vectura signed agreement with undisclosed partners for VR315 - EU and US
Vectura entered into its first global commercialisation and development agreement with Novartis for NVA237
Vectura is listed on the London Stock Exchange on AIM
Vectura acquired the Aspirair® inhaler technology and associated device engineering team from Cambridge Consultants Ltd. Vectura moved to its current head office in Chippenham, Wiltshire, UK
Vectura signed a collaboration with Arakis Ltd (later acquired by Sosei) in the development of AD237 (later NVA237) for the treatment of COPD
Founded by Merlin and then acquired operations from Bath University through issues of shares. Vectura also acquired Co-ordinated Drug Development Limited and the Centre for Drug Formulation Studies. These acquisitions provided formulation expertise, an intellectual property estate, a development services business, and a team of research scientists


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Teacher Grant Program
PEF is accepting grant applications for the 2015-16 school year. Deadline extended to October 12, 2015 at 5PM.
For more than 40 years, PEF Teacher Grants have helped the inspirational teachers throughout PUSD take their creative projects from idea to reality by providing resources to enhance the classroom experience for their students.
Grant projects are:
- Student centered.
- Related to the curriculum.
- Demonstrate how they will directly benefit students.
- Enhance and Improve student achievement.
Grants are awarded to teachers in amounts up to $1,000.
More grant opportunities for teachers, students, and classified employees coming soon!
Funding for the PEF Teacher Grant Program is made possible by our community partners and individual donor contributions to the Pasadena Educational Foundation.
Special Awards Include:
The Jarrat Brunson Memorial Teacher Grant Award
Honoring the late Jarratt Brunson, the PEF founder who initiated the Teacher Grant Program, this award will go to the proposal that best reflects Jarratt's passion for reading and early literacy.
The Kathy Onoye Administrator's Award
Honoring Kathy Onoye, who throughout her career as a Principal of Willard Elementary School and most recently as the Executive Director of Elementary Education for the PUSD, has been an outstanding role model and mentor for principals, this award will go to the PUSD Administrator whose proposal best exemplifies their role in inspiring leadership.
Introducing The Calvin Hunt Arts Award
Founded by a PUSD Board member in memory of Calvin Hunt who, as Director of the Alvin Ailey American Dance Theatre, took dancers all over the world as cultural ambassadors. This award promotes and supports dedicated teachers enhancing arts education in PUSD.
2014-15 PEF Teacher Grant Winners
Congratulations to our 2014-15 PEF Teacher Grant Recipients!
Click here to find out more about our awardees >>
For 2014-15, we were pleased to offer two special awards, the Jarratt Brunson Memorial Award honoring one of the founders of PEF responsible for initiating the Teacher Grant Program, and in honor of our recent PUSD retiree, the Kathy Onoye Principal Leadership award.
2013-2014 PEF Teacher Grant Winners
DNA kits, sheet music, and California native plants for an outdoor classroom are just a few of the supplies that this year's PEF Teacher Grants will purchase to support a diverse and vibrant selection of educational projects.
Check out our photo gallery
from the reception >>
The 2013-14 PEF Teacher Grants were announced at a special reception on Wednesday, January 22, 2014.
Funding for the PEF Teacher Grant Program is made possible by individual donor contributions to the Pasadena Educational Foundation.
Want to help?
Thanks to the support of our donors we are able to award $50,000 in Teacher Grants to 86 PUSD educators representing 57 outstanding proposals.
Community Members
Community Members are encouraged to support the students and teachers of Pasadena public schools by donating to the Teacher Grant fund. Your donations can be used to fund many worthy projects this school year. For more information, please contact Linda Machida at 626-396-3600 x 88353 or email@example.com.


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SUMMERTON, S.C. (AP) — The pungent stench of mildew greeted Asiah Lewis when she came home to her apartment, her footsteps making squishing sounds on the carpet as she picked through soggy clothes and a lifted a moldy shoe from the floor.
By Sujata Rao LONDON (Reuters) - Global stocks held just off three-week highs on Thursday after unexpectedly weak trade and machinery orders data from Germany and Japan hinted that recovery momentum is stalling in more of the world's biggest economies. An oil price bounce, a weaker dollar and Chinese equity gains provided some support, but with the U.S. Federal Reserve due to release minutes of its last meeting and worries over Germany, investors were wary of extending world shares' six-day rally. Stock futures indicated a weaker opening on Wall Street, falling around 0.4 percent.