text:
Virta, R.L.
Part of a special section on the state of industrial minerals in 1997. The state of the common clay industry worldwide for 1997 is discussed. Sales of common clay in the U.S. increased from 26.2 Mt in 1996 to an estimated 26.5 Mt in 1997. The amount of common clay and shale used to produce structural clay products in 1997 was estimated at 13.8 Mt.
NSDL National Science Digital Library
Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS)
A web resource that contains Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) Registry Numbers for approximately 7,800 chemicals of widespread general public interest. Common Chemistry is helpful to non-chemists who know either a name or CAS Registry Number® of a common chemical and want to pair both pieces of information.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
American School & University, 2003
Presents K-12 and college common areas considered outstanding in a competition, which judged the most outstanding learning environments at educational institutions nationwide. Jurors spent two days reviewing projects, highlighting concepts and ideas that made them exceptional. For each citation, the article offers information on the firm, client,…
The Common Chuckwalla is primarily found across the Mojave and Sonoran deserts of the United States and Mexico, at elevations ranging from sea level to 1,370 m. This large (125–180 mm) lizard is dorsoventrally flattened and has wrinkles on its belly and neck. Chuckwallas are strongly associa...
Introduction Each year, children suffer up to 5 colds and adults have two to three infections, leading to time off school or work, and considerable discomfort. Most symptoms resolve within 1 week, but coughs often persist for longer. Methods and outcomes We conducted a systematic review and aimed to answer the following clinical question: What are the effects of treatments for common cold? We searched: Medline, Embase, The Cochrane Library, and other important databases up to January 2010 (Clinical Evidence reviews are updated periodically, please check our website for the most up-to-date version of this review). We included harms alerts from relevant organisations such as the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the UK Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA). Results We found 21 systematic reviews and RCTs that met our inclusion criteria. We performed a GRADE evaluation of the quality of evidence for interventions. Conclusions In this systematic review we present information relating to the effectiveness and safety of the following interventions: analgesics or anti-inflammatory drugs, antibiotics, antihistamines, decongestants for short-term and for long-term relief, decongestants plus antihistamines, echinacea, steam inhalation, vitamin C, and zinc (intranasal gel or lozenges). PMID:21406124
No Common Opinion on the Common Core
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Henderson, Michael B.; Peterson, Paul E.; West, Martin R.
According to the three authors of this article, the 2014 "EdNext" poll yields four especially important new findings: (1) Opinion with respect to the Common Core has yet to coalesce. The idea of a common set of standards across the country has wide appeal, and the Common Core itself still commands the support of a majority of the public.…
Lubna Hasan
This paper revisits the debate about communal management of natural resources and brings together various issues confronting it. Much of the criticism against common property regimes stems from an incorrect modeling of a common property situation, and misunderstandings about the terms and their wrong usage. Models of collective action (Hardin's tragedy of the Commons, Olson's Logic of Collective Action, and
Common Breastfeeding Challenges
Home > Breastfeeding > Common breastfeeding challenges Breastfeeding This information in Spanish ( en espańol ) Common breastfeeding challenges Sore nipples Low milk supply Oversupply of milk Engorgement Plugged ducts Breast ...
PAS Domains COMMON STRUCTURE AND COMMON FLEXIBILITY*
van Aalten, Daan
ligand binding/activation to downstream transducer proteins. PAS1 domains are structural modules that can sequences of the different PAS domains show little similarity, their three-dimensional structures appearPAS Domains COMMON STRUCTURE AND COMMON FLEXIBILITY* Received for publication, February 19, 2003
Common Career Technical Core: Common Standards, Common Vision for CTE
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Green, Kimberly
This article provides an overview of the National Association of State Directors of Career Technical Education Consortium's (NASDCTEc) Common Career Technical Core (CCTC), a state-led initiative that was created to ensure that career and technical education (CTE) programs are consistent and high quality across the United States. Forty-two states,…
Science Center Cambridge Common
Johnston Gate Science Center Fire HQ Cambridge LAW SCHOOL Cambridge Common HARVARD YARD HA HAMMOND STREETLibrary Center Holyoke Science Center Widener Fire HQ Cambridge LAW SCHOOL Cambridge Common HARVARD BROADW AY PRESCOTTS QUINCYSTREET EVERETT STREET STREET MASSACHUSETTSAVENUE CAMBRIDGE MASSACHUSETTSAVENUE
Power system commonality study
Franklin D. Littman
A limited top level study was completed to determine the commonality of power system\\/subsystem concepts within potential lunar and Mars surface power system architectures. A list of power system concepts with high commonality was developed which can be used to synthesize power system architectures which minimize development cost. Examples of potential high commonality power system architectures are given in this
How Common Is the Common Core?
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Thomas, Amande; Edson, Alden J.
Since the introduction of the Common Core State Standards for Mathematics (CCSSM) in 2010, stakeholders in adopting states have engaged in a variety of activities to understand CCSSM standards and transition from previous state standards. These efforts include research, professional development, assessment and modification of curriculum resources,…
A juvenile common loon wearing a satellite transmitter antenna follows an adult. USGS scientists and partners captured and radiomarked juvenile common loons on lakes scattered across Minnesota and Wisconsin during the last two weeks of August 2014 to track their movements and wintering ground...
Common Platform Enumeration: Dictionary
who reviewed drafts of this document and contributed to its technical content. The authors would like the development of the document. Abstract This report defines the Common Platform Enumeration (CPE) DictionaryCommon Platform Enumeration: Dictionary Specification Version 2.3 Paul Cichonski David Waltermire
Virta, R.L.
Part of the 2003 industrial minerals review. The legislation, production, and consumption of common clay and shale are discussed. The average prices of the material and outlook for the market are provided.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Federal Communications Commission, Washington, DC.
This bulletin outlines the Federal Communications Commission's (FCC) responsibilities in regulating the interstate and foreign common carrier communication via electrical means. Also summarized are the history, technological development, and current capabilities and prospects of telegraph, wire telephone, radiotelephone, satellite communications,…
NSDL National Science Digital Library
This module introduces forecasters to ten of the most commonly encountered or significant misconceptions about NWP models. This list of ten misconceptions includes issues surrounding data assimilation, model resolution, physical parameterizations, and post-processing of model forecast output.
Common Childhood Orthopedic Conditions
... pain. Toe Walking Toe walking is common among toddlers as they learn to walk, especially during the ... Z: Genu Varum In-toeing & Out-toeing in Toddlers Blount Disease Bones, Muscles, and Joints Should I ...
Virta, R.L.
The article discusses the latest developments in the global common clay and shale industry, particularly in the U.S. It claims that common clay and shale is mainly used in the manufacture of heavy clay products like brick, flue tile and sewer pipe. The main producing states in the U.S. include North Carolina, New York and Oklahoma. Among the firms that manufacture clay and shale-based products are Mid America Brick & Structural Clay Products LLC and Boral USA.
Virta, R.L.
At present, 150 companies produce common clay and shale in 41 US states. According to the United States Geological Survey (USGS), domestic production in 2005 reached 24.8 Mt valued at $176 million. In decreasing order by tonnage, the leading producer states include North Carolina, Texas, Alabama, Georgia and Ohio. For the whole year, residential and commercial building construction remained the major market for common clay and shale products such as brick, drain tile, lightweight aggregate, quarry tile and structural tile.
Common Knowledge and Convention
Giacomo Sillari
This paper investigates the epistemic assumptions that David Lewis makes in his account of social conventions. In particular,\\u000a I focus on the assumption that the agents have common knowledge of the convention to which they are parties. While evolutionary\\u000a analyses show that the common knowledge assumption is unnecessary in certain classes of games, Lewis' original account (and,\\u000a more recently, Cubitt
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Wetherholt, Jon; Heimann, Timothy J.; Anderson, Brenda
High technology industries with high failure costs commonly use redundancy as a means to reduce risk. Redundant systems, whether similar or dissimilar, are susceptible to Common Cause Failures (CCF). CCF is not always considered in the design effort and, therefore, can be a major threat to success. There are several aspects to CCF which must be understood to perform an analysis which will find hidden issues that may negate redundancy. This paper will provide definition, types, a list of possible causes and some examples of CCF. Requirements and designs from NASA projects will be used in the paper as examples.
NSDL National Science Digital Library
This promising new quarterly online publication situates itself somewhere between a popular magazine and scholarly journal, offering a common place for a variety of readers "to explore and exchange ideas about American history." Similar in some ways to the UK-based popular history magazine History Today, Common-place offers a mix of articles, short features, and reviews aimed at an interested and informed, but not necessarily academic, audience. A discussion board is planned for the near future, and users may subscribe for email notification of new issues.
Virta, R.L.
Part of the 2000 annual review of the industrial minerals sector. A general overview of the common clay and shale industry is provided. In 2000, U.S. production increased by 5 percent, while sales or use declined to 23.6 Mt. Despite the slowdown in the economy, no major changes are expected for the market.
Virta, R.L.
Part of the 2002 industrial minerals review. The production, consumption, and price of shale and common clay in the U.S. during 2002 are discussed. The impact of EPA regulations on brick and structural clay product manufacturers is also outlined.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Federal Communications Commission, Washington, DC.
After outlining the Federal Communications Commission's (FCC) responsibility for regulating interstate common carrier communication (non-broadcast communication whose carriers are required by law to furnish service at reasonable charges upon request), this information bulletin reviews the history, technological development, and current…
Solving Common Mathematical Problems
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Luz, Paul L.
Mathematical Solutions Toolset is a collection of five software programs that rapidly solve some common mathematical problems. The programs consist of a set of Microsoft Excel worksheets. The programs provide for entry of input data and display of output data in a user-friendly, menu-driven format, and for automatic execution once the input data has been entered.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Principal, 2010
About three-fourths of the states have already adopted the Common Core State Standards, which were designed to provide more clarity about and consistency in what is expected of student learning across the country. However, given the brief time since the standards' final release in June, questions persist among educators, who will have the…
Steele, G.L. Jr.
This book describes COMMON LISP,which is becoming the industry and government standard AI language. Topics covered include the following: data types; scope and extent; type specifiers; program structure; predicates; control structure; macros; declarations; symbols; packages; numbers; characters; sequences; lists; hash tables; arrays; strings; structures; the evaluator; streams; input/output; file system interface; and errors.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
McShane, Michael Q.
This article presents a debate over the Common Core State Standards Initiative as it has rocketed to the forefront of education policy discussions around the country. The author contends that there is value in having clear cross state standards that will clarify the new online and blended learning that the growing use of technology has provided…
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
This collection of articles reprinted from the "London Times Literary Supplement" indicates the flexibility of English as a common literary language in its widespread use outside the United States and England. Major articles present the thesis that English provides an artistic medium which is enriched through colloquial idioms in the West Indies…
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Wallace, Dawn
Describes an attempt to combine secondary English instruction emphasizing United States literature with science and history by finding "common ground" between these disciplines in (1) the separation of truth from falsehood and (2) logical thinking. Biographies combined history and literature, and science fiction combined science and English;…
Seven common cabbage varieties from 6 different seed companies were evaluated for their yield and other agronomic characters in order to select the good cabbage varieties that have high and stable yield, early and uniform maturity and resistant to soft rot, black rot and mosaic virus diseases. The experiment was conducted from November 23, 1989 to February 12, 1990 in
Bingchun Meng; Fei Wu
The development of digital technology and computer networks has enabled many kinds of online collaboration. This article examines Zimuzu, a Chinese case of online peer production that produces and distributes online Chinese subtitles of foreign media content. Zimuzu provides an opportunity to extend our understanding of how the tensions between the commodity and commons production models are being articulated in
Common Magnets, Unexpected Polarities
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Olson, Mark
In this paper, I discuss a "misconception" in magnetism so simple and pervasive as to be typically unnoticed. That magnets have poles might be considered one of the more straightforward notions in introductory physics. However, the magnets common to students' experiences are likely different from those presented in educational…
CISNET: Common Input Generators
For purposes of generating common parameters for the larger CISNET simulation models, a series of smaller, focused models was created in collaboration between the CISNET consortium members and NCI. These parameter generators are "mini models" in themselves in that they involve input data, processing guided by assumptions, and produce results.
... History Resources Basic Information Fast Facts Common Eye Disorders Eye Health Tips Burden of Vision Loss Comorbid Conditions Health Across Lifespan ... Division of Diabetes Translation , National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion ... Index Policies Using this Site Link to Us Social ...
Common tester platform concept.
Hurst, Michael James
This report summarizes the results of a case study on the doctrine of a common tester platform, a concept of a standardized platform that can be applicable across the broad spectrum of testing requirements throughout the various stages of a weapons program, as well as across the various weapons programs. The common tester concept strives to define an affordable, next-generation design that will meet testing requirements with the flexibility to grow and expand; supporting the initial development stages of a weapons program through to the final production and surveillance stages. This report discusses a concept investing key leveraging technologies and operational concepts combined with prototype tester-development experiences and practical lessons learned gleaned from past weapons programs.
NSDL National Science Digital Library
Frederick A. Senese
This database, part of a college-level chemistry course, provides information on hundreds of compounds, elements, and substances encountered in introductory chemistry courses and in everyday life. The informaion includes chemical synonyms, molecular weights, structures, equilibrium constants, thermodynamic properties, and common uses, with properties presented in a variety of common units. Structure information includes flat structural formulas, ball and stick models, electron density/electric potential maps, and Chime "live" structures that can be rotated and queried for bond lengths, bond angles, and torsion angles. The site also includes links to the course website, a glossary, a frequently-asked-questions feature, information on sources used in constructing the database, and many other resources.
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Ellis, R. C.; Fink, R. A.; Moore, E. A.
The Common Drive Unit (CDU) is a high reliability rotary actuator with many versatile applications in mechanism designs. The CDU incorporates a set of redundant motor-brake assemblies driving a single output shaft through differential. Tachometers provide speed information in the AC version. Operation of both motors, as compared to the operation of one motor, will yield the same output torque with twice the output speed.
Foxx-Orenstein, Amy E.; Umar, Sarah B.; Crowell, Michael D.
Anorectal disorders result in many visits to healthcare specialists. These disorders include benign conditions such as hemorrhoids to more serious conditions such as malignancy; thus, it is important for the clinician to be familiar with these disorders as well as know how to conduct an appropriate history and physical examination. This article reviews the most common anorectal disorders, including hemorrhoids, anal fissures, fecal incontinence, proctalgia fugax, excessive perineal descent, and pruritus ani, and provides guidelines on comprehensive evaluation and management. PMID:24987313
Millstone, Noah
This essay is an expanded set of comments on the social psychology papers written for the special issue on History and Social Psychology. It considers what social psychology, and particularly the theory of social representations, might offer historians working on similar problems, and what historical methods might offer social psychology. The social history of thinking has been a major theme in twentieth and twenty-first century historical writing, represented most recently by the genre of 'cultural history'. Cultural history and the theory of social representations have common ancestors in early twentieth-century social science. Nevertheless, the two lines of research have developed in different ways and are better seen as complementary than similar. The theory of social representations usefully foregrounds issues, like social division and change over time, that cultural history relegates to the background. But for historians, the theory of social representations seems oddly fixated on comparing the thought styles associated with positivist science and 'common sense'. Using historical analysis, this essay tries to dissect the core opposition 'science : common sense' and argues for a more flexible approach to comparing modes of thought. PMID:23135802
NSDL National Science Digital Library
The Ohio Digital Resource Commons (DRC) is a place to learn about the historic, instructional, cultural, and creative works of those in the Ohio University system, as well as the liberal arts colleges of Ohio. Although not all of the Ohio schools save material with the DRC, many of them elect to do so. Higher education institutions, as well as K-12 institutions are allowed to save their work via the central network, as long as the work has archival merit. Visitors will want to click on "Communities and Collections" on the left hand menu to browse the vast resources available. Some of the communities included are "Art and Architecture", "Multi-Subject Video", and "OhioLINK Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Center". Within each community are some notable collections including, "Archaeological Atlas of Ohio", "Encyclopedia of Physics Demonstrations", and the "Kent State Shootings Oral Histories". In order to see a list of the archives available to search, visitors should click on "Advanced Search", under the blank search box near the top of the page. The scrollable box next to the archives category includes such choices as "Oberlin Digital Commons", "Scholarly Commons at Miami University", and "Digital Archive of Literacy Narratives".
Conservation challenge: human-herbivore conflict in Chebera Churchura National Park, Ethiopia.
Datiko, Demeke; Bekele, Afework
An investigation on human-herbivore conflict was carried out in CCNP between 2011 and 2012 in seven randomly selected villages (Chebera, Serri, Yora, Shita, Delba, Chuchra, Chewda) around the Park. A total of 312 household samples were identified for interview. Group discussion and field observation were also carried out. Among the respondents, the majority (83.9%) faced crop damage. African elephant (Loxodonta africana), Hippopotamus (Hippopotamus amphibious), African buffalo (Syncerus caffer), Desert warthog (Phacochoerus aethiopicus), Wild pig (Sus scrofa), Porcupine (Hystrix cristata), Vervet monkey (Cercopithecus aethiops) and Anubis baboon (Papio anubis) were identified as the most problematic animals in the area. However, buffalo, monkey and warthog were considered as the notorious pest. Crop damage and threats to human safety were the major problems encountered resulting in conflict between human and wildlife. Most respondents had a negative attitude towards the problem-posing animals. This will lead to a change in public attitude from one that supports wildlife conservation to sees wild herbivores as a threat and a potential negative consequence for wildlife conservation. Active measures have to be implemented to solve the problems and safeguard the future of the wildlife management in the park. PMID:24506044
[Common vulvar dermatologic conditions].
Hiltunen-Back, Eija; Jeskanen, Leila
A wide range of cutaneous diseases can affect genital area. Some of these dermatoses are predominantly present in vulvar area while others primarily occur in extra-genital skin areas. Genital area is susceptible to maceration and the combination of moisture and warmth together with the increased penetration of topical agents make the region vulnerable for mechanical and chemical irritation. Lichen simplex chronicus (LSC) is a secondary condition precipitated by chronic itching and scratching. Scratching may be caused by some dermatoses or candida infection. Chronic systemic dermatoses most commonly affecting vulval area are various eczemas, psoriasis, lichen sclerorus and lichen planus. PMID:23033786
Commonly used gastrointestinal drugs.
Aggarwal, Annu; Bhatt, Mohit
This chapter reviews the spectrum and mechanisms of neurologic adverse effects of commonly used gastrointestinal drugs including antiemetics, promotility drugs, laxatives, antimotility drugs, and drugs for acid-related disorders. The commonly used gastrointestinal drugs as a group are considered safe and are widely used. A range of neurologic complications are reported following use of various gastrointestinal drugs. Acute neurotoxicities, including transient akathisias, oculogyric crisis, delirium, seizures, and strokes, can develop after use of certain gastrointestinal medications, while disabling and pervasive tardive syndromes are described following long-term and often unsupervised use of phenothiazines, metoclopramide, and other drugs. In rare instances, some of the antiemetics can precipitate life-threatening extrapyramidal reactions, neuroleptic malignant syndrome, or serotonin syndrome. In contrast, concerns about the cardiovascular toxicity of drugs such as cisapride and tegaserod have been grave enough to lead to their withdrawal from many world markets. Awareness and recognition of the neurotoxicity of gastrointestinal drugs is essential to help weigh the benefit of their use against possible adverse effects, even if uncommon. Furthermore, as far as possible, drugs such as metoclopramide and others that can lead to tardive dyskinesias should be used for as short time as possible, with close clinical monitoring and patient education. PMID:24365343
Liquidity commonality beyond best prices
Alexander Kempf; Daniel Mayston
This paper investigates the commonality of liquidity in an open limit order book market. We find that commonality in liquidity becomes stronger the deeper we look into the limit order book. While commonality is only about 2% at the best prices, it increases up to about 20% inside the limit order book. Furthermore, we find strong time variation in commonality
COMMON LISP: A Gentle Introduction
Reed, Nancy E.
COMMON LISP: A Gentle Introduction to Symbolic Computation #12;COMMON LISP: A Gentle Introduction. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Touretzky, David S. Common LISP : a gentle introduction to symbolic computation / David S. Touretzky p. cm. Includes index. ISBN 0-8053-0492-4 1. COMMON LISP
COMMON LISP: A Gentle Introduction
Touretzky, David S.
COMMON LISP: A Gentle Introduction to Symbolic Computation #12; COMMON LISP: A Gentle Introduction. Library of Congress CatalogingÂinÂPublication Data Touretzky, David S. Common LISP : a gentle introduction to symbolic computation / David S. Touretzky p. cm. Includes index. ISBN 0Â8053Â0492Â4 1. COMMON LISP
Markova, Alina; Kam, Sarah A; Miller, Daniel D; Lichtman, Michael K
This issue provides a clinical overview of Common Cutaneous Parasites focusing on prevention, diagnosis, treatment, practice improvement, and patient information. The content of In the Clinic is drawn from the clinical information and education resources of the American College of Physicians (ACP), including ACP Smart Medicine and MKSAP (Medical Knowledge and Self-Assessment Program). Annals of Internal Medicine editors develop In the Clinic from these primary sources in collaboration with the ACP's Medical Education and Publishing divisions and with the assistance of science writers and physician writers. Editorial consultants from ACP Smart Medicine and MKSAP provide expert review of the content. Readers who are interested in these primary resources for more detail can consult http://smartmedicine.acponline.org, http://mksap.acponline.org, and other resources referenced in each issue of In the Clinic. PMID:25178582
NSDL National Science Digital Library
The US National Parents and Teachers Association, in conjunction with GTE Corporation, furnishes this site, an information hub for the promotion of drug- and alcohol-free children. Presently, the site is divided into three sections of both serious and fun activities. The Parent's Center consists of interactive quizzes and tip sheets related to developing drug awareness, being a role model, and getting involved in your kids' activities. Visitors to the Family Room will find activities to help kids with their self-esteem, as well as teach them drug-awareness. Family games, quizzes, and cartoons are also available. Help and Hotlines points to organizations that can provide further support and information (links are provided), as well as books and videos. Finally, the site includes an interactive poll, several bulletin boards (registration required), and information for PTA leaders, highlighted by a library of resources to help spread the common sense message.
Common Control System Vulnerability
Trent Nelson
The Control Systems Security Program and other programs within the Idaho National Laboratory have discovered a vulnerability common to control systems in all sectors that allows an attacker to penetrate most control systems, spoof the operator, and gain full control of targeted system elements. This vulnerability has been identified on several systems that have been evaluated at INL, and in each case a 100% success rate of completing the attack paths that lead to full system compromise was observed. Since these systems are employed in multiple critical infrastructure sectors, this vulnerability is deemed common to control systems in all sectors. Modern control systems architectures can be considered analogous to today's information networks, and as such are usually approached by attackers using a common attack methodology to penetrate deeper and deeper into the network. This approach often is composed of several phases, including gaining access to the control network, reconnaissance, profiling of vulnerabilities, launching attacks, escalating privilege, maintaining access, and obscuring or removing information that indicates that an intruder was on the system. With irrefutable proof that an external attack can lead to a compromise of a computing resource on the organization's business local area network (LAN), access to the control network is usually considered the first phase in the attack plan. Once the attacker gains access to the control network through direct connections and/or the business LAN, the second phase of reconnaissance begins with traffic analysis within the control domain. Thus, the communications between the workstations and the field device controllers can be monitored and evaluated, allowing an attacker to capture, analyze, and evaluate the commands sent among the control equipment. Through manipulation of the communication protocols of control systems (a process generally referred to as ''reverse engineering''), an attacker can then map out the control system processes and functions. With the detailed knowledge of how the control data functions, as well as what computers and devices communicate using this data, the attacker can use a well known Man-in-the-Middle attack to perform malicious operations virtually undetected. The control systems assessment teams have used this method to gather enough information about the system to craft an attack that intercepts and changes the information flow between the end devices (controllers) and the human machine interface (HMI and/or workstation). Using this attack, the cyber assessment team has been able to demonstrate complete manipulation of devices in control systems while simultaneously modifying the data flowing back to the operator's console to give false information of the state of the system (known as ''spoofing''). This is a very effective technique for a control system attack because it allows the attacker to manipulate the system and the operator's situational awareness of the perceived system status. The three main elements of this attack technique are: (1) network reconnaissance and data gathering, (2) reverse engineering, and (3) the Man-in-the-Middle attack. The details of this attack technique and the mitigation techniques are discussed.
Lezaun, Javier
In the last decade, the organization of pharmaceutical research on neglected tropical diseases has undergone transformative change. In a context of perceived "market failure," the development of new medicines is increasingly handled by public-private partnerships. This shift toward hybrid organizational models depends on a particular form of exchange: the sharing of proprietary assets in general and of intellectual property rights in particular. This article explores the paradoxical role of private property in this new configuration of global health research and development. Rather than a tool to block potential competitors, proprietary assets function as a lever to attract others into risky collaborative ventures; instead of demarcating public and private domains, the sharing of property rights is used to increase the porosity of that boundary. This reimagination of the value of property is connected to the peculiar timescape of global health drug development, a promissory orientation to the future that takes its clearest form in the centrality of "virtual" business models and the proliferation of strategies of deferral. Drawing on the anthropological literature on inalienable possessions, we reconsider property's traditional exclusionary role and discuss the possibility that the new pharmaceutical "commons" proclaimed by contemporary global health partnerships might be the precursor of future enclosures. PMID:25866425
Common childhood viral infections.
Alter, Sherman J; Bennett, Jeffrey S; Koranyi, Katylin; Kreppel, Andrew; Simon, Ryan
Infections caused by viruses are universal during childhood and adolescence. Clinicians will regularly care for children and adolescents who present with infections caused by a wide number of viral pathogens. These infections have varied presentations. Many infections may have clinical presentations that are specific to the infecting virus but present differently, based on the age and immunocompetence of the patient. Some children are directly impacted early in their lives when maternal disease results in an in utero infection (cytomegalovirus, rubella virus, or parvovirus B19). Other viruses may infect children in a predictable pattern as they grow older (rhinovirus or influenza virus). Fortunately, many viral infections frequently encountered in the past are no longer extant due to widespread immunization efforts. Recognition of these vaccine-preventable infections is important because outbreaks of some of these diseases (mumps or measles) continue to occur in the United States. Vigilance in vaccine programs against these viral agents can prevent their re-emergence. In addition, an increasing number of viral infections (herpes simplex virus, influenza virus, varicella zoster virus, or cytomegalovirus) can now be successfully treated with antiviral medications. Most viral infections in children result in self-limited illness and are treated symptomatically and infected children experience full recovery. This review will address the epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of viral infections commonly encountered by the clinician. PMID:25703483
Analyzing Commonality In A System
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Pacheco, Alfred; Pool, Kevin
Cost decreased by use of fewer types of parts. System Commonality Analysis Tool (SCAT) computer program designed to aid managers and engineers in identifying common, potentially common, and unique components of system. Incorporates three major functions: program for creation and maintenance of data base, analysis of commonality, and such system utilities as host-operating-system commands and loading and unloading of data base. Produces reports tabulating maintenance, initial configurations, and expected total costs. Written in FORTRAN 77.
Common Knowledge Revisited Ronald Fagin
Halpern, Joseph Y.
Science Rice University Houston, TX 77005-1892 firstname.lastname@example.com Abstract: We consider the common was at the IBM Almaden Research Center. Author's URL: http://www.cs.rice.edu/¨ vardi #12;convention that green means "go" and red means "stop" is presumably common knowledge among the drivers in our society.) Common
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Feinberg, Walter
This essay addresses the question: given the flattening out of the cultural hierarchy that was the vestige of colonialism and nation-building, is there anything that might be uniquely common about the common school in this postmodern age? By "uniquely common" I do not mean those subjects that all schools might teach, such as reading or arithmetic.…
Commonalities in the order book
Helena Beltran-Lopez; Pierre Giot; Joachim Grammig
This paper uses data from one of the most important European stock markets and shows that, in line with predictions from theoretical market microstructure, a small number of latent factors captures most of the variation in stock specific order books. We show that these order book commonalities are much stronger than liquidity commonality across stocks. The result that bid and
Personal Finance. Common Curriculum Goals.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Oregon State Dept. of Education, Salem.
This document provides the common curriculum goals for the state of Oregon in personal finance, an area of study that relates basic economic concepts and practices to the financial concerns of consumers. These goals were designed to define what should be taught in all public school settings. The common curriculum goals in personal finance are…
Understanding Common Core State Standards
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Kendall, John S.
Now that the Common Core standards are coming to just about every school, what every school leader needs is a straightforward explanation that lays out the benefits of the Common Core in plain English, provides a succinct overview, and gets everyone thinking about how to transition to this promising new paradigm. This handy, inexpensive booklet…
LIGHTING 101 1. Common terminology
California at Davis, University of
LIGHTING 101 1. Common terminology 2. Sources and luminaires 3. Controls #12;SECTION 2 DISCUSSION: COMMON LIGHTING TERMINOLOGY 1. What are the definitions of the following lighting terms? 2. Do you use these terms in professional practice? 3. What other lighting terminology do you use on the job? SLIDE 14
LIGHTING 101 1. Common terminology
California at Davis, University of
SECTION 3 LIGHTING 101 1. Common terminology 2. Sources & luminaires 3. Controls #12;SECTION 3SECTION 3 DISCUSSION: COMMON LIGHTING TERMINOLOGY 1. What are the definitions of the following lighting terms? 2. Do you use these terms in professional practice? 3. What other lighting terminology do you use
OSTA commonality analysis, volume 2
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Stolarik, E. G.
The 13 OSTA disciplines are examined and the applications being performed under each discipline and the parameter requirements associated with the various applications are identified. It contains a variety of printouts from the commonality database built using DRS on the Vax. It also shows commonality of parameter requirements by discipline and by application.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Rothman, Robert
A survey administered in the spring of 2013 by the Center on Education Policy (CEP) inquired into the implementation of Common Core State Standards at that time. Based on self-reports by state officials, the survey found that curricula aligned to the common core were already being taught in at least some districts or grade levels. All states…
Oxley Creek Common Brisbane, Australia
Queensland, University of
Oxley Creek. The gate is always open. Amenities The main development at Oxley Creek Common is the Red Shed, which is beside the car park (plenty of space). The Red Shed has toilets (composting), water dogs, which scare a few species, often arrive at the Common very early. After heavy rain there can
Oxley Creek Common Brisbane, Australia
Queensland, University of
development at Oxley Creek Common is the Red Shed, which is beside the car park (plenty of space). The Red) and 9am in the winter. On most weekends, The Mound near the Red Shed is used by model aircraft enthusiasts. People walking dogs, which scare a few species, often arrive at the Common very early. Path near
Teaching the common emitter amplifier
Mark D Ellse
If one wishes to teach some device electronics in schools it will have to be very limited. It is not productive to measure all the common emitter and common base characteristics of the bipolar transistor as required by at least one A-level syllabus. To do so wastes pupil time and leads to considerable confusion. Nor should the study be extended
Ramesh Gupta
This paper introduces the common coil magnet system for the proposed very large hadron collider (VLHC) (1). In this system, the high energy booster (HEB), the injector to VLHC, is integrated as the iron dominated low field aperture within the coldmass of the common coil magnet design introduced earlier (2). This 4-in-1 magnet concept for a 2-in-1 machine should provide
Entomology CSIRO Australia: Common names
NSDL National Science Digital Library
With almost 5000 entries this compendium of common names of Australian insects is one of the most thorough identification tools available online. Most of the pages include images and ranges as well as descriptions of the taxon.
Wilmers, Chris
- 2nd floor Senior Commons - 3rd floor SCALE IN FEET 0 6030 Disabled parking space Disabled access Campus shuttle stop Santa Cruz Metro bus stop Stairs Elevator Restrooms CROWN COLLEGE PARKING LOT 111 #12;
Adolescents' theories of the commons.
Flanagan, Constance; Gallay, Erin
Drawing from research on civic engagement and environmental commitment, we make a case for the processes inherent in how adolescents' ideas about the commons (those things that bind a polity together) develop. Engagement in the public realm with a plethora of perspectives and a goal of finding common ground is fundamental. Adolescents participate in the public realm through mini-polities (e.g., schools, community organizations). Practices in those settings can reinforce or challenge dominant political narratives. Special attention is given to the natural environment as a commons that transcends generations and to the opportunities in schools and in community partnerships that enable adolescents to realize their interdependence with nature and to author decisions about the commons. PMID:24851345
Tuomo Puhakka; Mika J. Mäkelä; Anu Alanen; Timo Kallio; Leo Korsoff; Pertti Arstila; Maija Leinonen; Markku Pulkkinen; Jouko Suonpää; Jussi Mertsola; Olli Ruuskanen
Background: Acute community-acquired sinusitis is considered a bacterial complication of the common cold. Radiologic abnormalities in sinuses occur, however, in most patients with upper respiratory virus infections.Objective: Assessment of the occurrence, clinical profile, laboratory findings, and outcome of radiologically confirmed sinusitis was carried out as part of a common cold study in young adults.Methods: Clinical examinations and radiography of the
[Common obstetric practices in Niger].
Vangeenderhuysen, C; Olivier de Sardan, J P; Moumouni, A; Souley, A
The aim of this study was to describe common practices and representations concerning pregnancy, childbirth and postnatal care in Niger. We interviewed everyone involved in antenatal care and delivery in 12 villages. We describe here common practices for diagnosis of pregnancy, antenatal care, normal and problem deliveries and postnatal care. Our findings raise questions about maternal health policies in developing countries, which do not always fully take into account the requirements of the population. PMID:9794036
Antibiotic use for common cold
Timothy W. Kenealy; Bruce Arroll
Antibiotics do not help patients with an uncomplicated common cold. Antibiotics can have side effects for the individual taking\\u000a them that range from unpleasant to serious, even lethal. Antibiotic use also contributes to communal harm by encouraging antibiotic\\u000a resistance. If there can be no benefit, but there can be harm, why is the common cold the commonest reason for doctors
Common Ground: Finding Commonalities in Diverse Musical Material
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Gault, Brent
The article focuses on teaching commonalities in diverse musical genres. Teachers need to relate the musical activities performed in class to music that students experience in the world around them since they understand music in relation to history and culture. A key to selecting high-quality musical examples is to find music pieces that contain…
Common Emotional Problems of Adolescence
Froese, A. P.
Common emotional problems of adolescence are discussed under three headings: those specific to adolescence; common psychiatric problems of adolescence, and those complicating physical illness in adolescence. Adolescence is a phase of emotional sensitivity and self-centeredness. The whole family is affected and may require professional support. As the adolescent moves towards greater independence, some turbulence and acting out is normal. Some make an impulsive break from their family by running away, others gradually gain their independence and some remain overly dependent. The latter group often become dependent on and demanding of their physician. PMID:20469172
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Greene, Kim
Despite students' interest in informational text, it has played second fiddle in literacy instruction for years. Now, though, nonfiction is getting its turn in the spotlight. The Common Core State Standards require that students become thoughtful consumers of complex, informative texts--taking them beyond the realm of dry textbooks and…
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Conley, David
The Common Core State Standards and the attendant assessments being developed by state consortia create a tremendous opportunity and simultaneous challenge for state boards of education. Many of the issues apply to all boards, even those in states that have not adopted the standards or assessments. Boards will need to think carefully about the…
The Common Vision. Reviews: Books.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Chattin-McNichols, John
Reviews Marshak's book describing the work of educators Maria Montessori, Rudolf Steiner, Aurobindo Ghose, and Inayat Khan. Maintains that the book gives clear, concise information on each educator and presents a common vision for children and their education; also maintains that it gives theoretical and practical information and discusses…
House of Commons Defence Committee
Schrijver, Karel
weather 10 The probability 11 Potential impact on electronic infrastructure 11 High Altitude Nuclear EMP Weapons (HEMP) 13 The EMP components 14 Practical experience 15 Potential impact on electronicHC 1552 House of Commons Defence Committee Developing Threats: Electro-Magnetic Pulses (EMP) Tenth
Plant Allergies Common Allergy Plants
Liskiewicz, Maciej
Gardening and Your Health: Plant Allergies Common Allergy Plants Trees and shrubs ash (male taken as a precaution before gardening activities - and allergy symptoms - begin. For gardeners or inhaled form, to treat your condition. Allergy shots or vaccinations can desensitize allergies
The NIH Roadmap for Medical Research is a series of high impact, trans-NIH programs supported by the NIH Common Fund. These programs address challenges that are priorities for the NIH and medical research but are issues that require the cooperation of more than one NIH institute to address.
The Common Pattern Specification Language
D. E. Appelt
This paper describes the Common Pattern Specification Language (CPSL) that was developed during the TIPSTER program by a committee of researchers from the TIPSTER research sites. Many information extraction systems work by matching regular expressions over the lexical features of input symbols. CPSL was designed as a language for specifying such finite-state grammars for the purpose of specifying information extraction
Urrutia, Jorge
@scs.carleton.ca) Jorge Urrutia zy (email@example.com) Abstract Given a set P n of n points on the plane la beled and Souvaine [1] and Kranakis and Urrutia [5] studied the problem of finding common tri angulations of point
MCS Common ICD Steve Ellingson
Ellingson, Steven W.
MCS Common ICD Ver. 1.0 Steve Ellingson April 4, 2009 Contents 1 Introduction and Scope 2 2 Summary;1 Introduction and Scope MCS stands for "monitoring and control system". As described in the LWA station architecture document [1], MCS monitors and controls ASP ("analog signal processing"), DP ("digital process
The Common Core Math Standards
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Wurman, Ze'ev; Wilson, W. Stephen
More than 40 states have now signed onto the Common Core standards in English language arts and math, which have been both celebrated as a tremendous advance and criticized as misguided and for bearing the heavy thumbprint of the federal government. This article presents an interview with Ze'ev Wurman and W. Stephen Wilson. Wurman, who was a U.S.…
A Common LISP Hypermedia Server
John C. Mallery
A World-Wide Web (WWW) server was implemented in Common LISP in order to facilitate exploratory programming in the global hypermedia domain and to provide access to complex research programs, particularly artificial intelligence systems. The server was initially used to provide interfaces for document retrieval and for email servers. More advanced applications include interfaces to systems for inductive rule learning and
Guy L. Steele Jr.; Alan Bawden; Rodney A. Brooks; Richard L. Bryan; Glenn S. Burke; I. Cannon; George J. Carrette; David Dill; Scott E. Fahlman; Richard J. Fateman; Neal Feinberg; John Foderaro; Richard P. Gabriel; Joseph Ginder; Richard Greenblatt; Martin L. Griss; Earl A. Killian; John L. Kulp; Larry M. Masinter; John McCarthy; David A. Moon; William L. Scherlis; Richard M. Stallman; Walter van Roggen; Allan C. Wechsler; Daniel L. Weinreb; Jon L White; Richard Zippel; Leonard Zubkoff
A dialect of LISP called "COMMON LISP" is being cooperatively developed and implemented at several sites. It is a descendant of the MACLISP family of LISP dialects, and is intended to unify the several divergent efforts of the last five years. We first give an extensive history of LISP, particularly of the MACLISP branch, in order to explain in context
S-1 Common Lisp implementation
Rodney A. Brooks; Richard P. Gabriel; Guy L. Steele Jr.
We are developing a Lisp implementation for the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory S-1 Mark IIA computer. The dialect of Lisp is an extension of COMMON Lisp [Steele;1982], a descendant of MacLisp [Moon;1974] and Lisp Machine Lisp [Weinreb;1981]).
Chenopodiaceae (Goosefoot family) Common lambsquarters
Chenopodiaceae (Goosefoot family) Common lambsquarters Chenopodium album L. Life cycle Erect summer weeds. #12;Chenopodiaceae (Goosefoot family) Stems Erect, moderately branched central stem up to 6 feet, somewhat flattened, black to brown, shiny seeds are enclosed by a star- shaped, papery covering
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Jaeger, Paige
When David Coleman, one of the authors of the Common Core State Standards (CCSS), spoke to New York educators, he stated that over the last forty years 8th grade reading scores have been flat. Despite doubling expenditures on classroom instruction, there has been little growth. Most educators are aware that what worked for the students of the…
Common Misconceptions about Software Architecture
van der Hoek, André
Common Misconceptions about Software Architecture by Philippe Kruchten Rational Fellow Rational Software Canada References to architecture are everywhere: in every article, in every ad. And we take definition of software architecture. Are we all understanding the same thing? We gladly accept that software
Common sense and sociological explanations.
Watts, Duncan J
Sociologists have long advocated a sociological approach to explanation by contrasting it with common sense. The argument of this article, however, is that sociologists rely on common sense more than they realize. Moreover, this unacknowledged reliance causes serious problems for their explanations of social action, that is, for why people do what they do. Many such explanations, it is argued, conflate understandability with causality in ways that are not valid by the standards of scientific explanation. It follows that if sociologists want their explanations to be scientifically valid, they must evaluate them specifically on those grounds--in particular, by forcing them to make predictions. In becoming more scientific, however, it is predicted that sociologists' explanations will also become less satisfying from an intuitive, sense-making perspective. Even as novel sources of data and improved methods open exciting new directions for sociological research, therefore, sociologists will increasingly have to choose between unsatisfying scientific explanations and satisfying but unscientific stories. PMID:25811066
Erik T. Mueller
Digital devices today have little understanding of their real-world context, and as a result they often make stupid mistakes. To improve this situation we are developing a database of world knowledge called ThoughtTreasure at the same time that we develop intelligent applications. In this paper we present one such application, SensiCal, a calendar with a degree of common sense. We
The Common Geometry Module (CGM).
Tautges, Timothy James
The Common Geometry Module (CGM) is a code library which provides geometry functionality used for mesh generation and other applications. This functionality includes that commonly found in solid modeling engines, like geometry creation, query and modification; CGM also includes capabilities not commonly found in solid modeling engines, like geometry decomposition tools and support for shared material interfaces. CGM is built upon the ACIS solid modeling engine, but also includes geometry capability developed beside and on top of ACIS. CGM can be used as-is to provide geometry functionality for codes needing this capability. However, CGM can also be extended using derived classes in C++, allowing the geometric model to serve as the basis for other applications, for example mesh generation. CGM is supported on Sun Solaris, SGI, HP, IBM, DEC, Linux and Windows NT platforms. CGM also includes support for loading ACIS models on parallel computers, using MPI-based communication. Future plans for CGM are to port it to different solid modeling engines, including Pro/Engineer or SolidWorks. CGM is being released into the public domain under an LGPL license; the ACIS-based engine is available to ACIS licensees on request.
Scientific Research: Commodities or Commons?
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Vermeir, Koen
Truth is for sale today, some critics claim. The increased commodification of science corrupts it, scientific fraud is rampant and the age-old trust in science is shattered. This cynical view, although gaining in prominence, does not explain very well the surprising motivation and integrity that is still central to the scientific life. Although scientific knowledge becomes more and more treated as a commodity or as a product that is for sale, a central part of academic scientific practice is still organized according to different principles. In this paper, I critically analyze alternative models for understanding the organization of knowledge, such as the idea of the scientific commons and the gift economy of science. After weighing the diverse positive and negative aspects of free market economies of science and gift economies of science, a commons structured as a gift economy seems best suited to preserve and take advantage of the specific character of scientific knowledge. Furthermore, commons and gift economies promote the rich social texture that is important for supporting central norms of science. Some of these basic norms might break down if the gift character of science is lost. To conclude, I consider the possibility and desirability of hybrid economies of academic science, which combine aspects of gift economies and free market economies. The aim of this paper is to gain a better understanding of these deeper structural challenges faced by science policy. Such theoretical reflections should eventually assist us in formulating new policy guidelines.
Common genetic and epigenetic syndromes.
Adams, Darius J; Clark, David A
Cytogenetic anomalies should be considered in individuals with multiple congenital anomalies. DNA methylation analysis is the most sensitive initial test in evaluating for Prader-Willi and Angelman syndromes. The timely identification of cytogenetic anomalies allows for prompt initiation of early intervention services to maximize the potential of every individual as they grow older. Although many of these conditions are rare, keeping them in mind can have a profound impact on the clinical course of affected individuals. This article reviews some of the more common genetic syndromes. PMID:25836705
Multiple order common path spectrometer
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Newbury, Amy B. (Inventor)
The present invention relates to a dispersive spectrometer. The spectrometer allows detection of multiple orders of light on a single focal plane array by splitting the orders spatially using a dichroic assembly. A conventional dispersion mechanism such as a defraction grating disperses the light spectrally. As a result, multiple wavelength orders can be imaged on a single focal plane array of limited spectral extent, doubling (or more) the number of spectral channels as compared to a conventional spectrometer. In addition, this is achieved in a common path device.
Evolution of a common controller
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Powell, D.; Barbour, D.; Gilbreath, G.
Precedent has shown common controllers must strike a balance between the desire for an integrated user interface design by human factors engineers and support of project-specific data requirements. A common user-interface requires the project-specific data to conform to an internal representation, but project-specific customization is impeded by the implicit rules introduced by the internal data representation. Space and Naval Warfare Systems Center Pacific (SSC Pacific) developed the latest version of the Multi-robot Operator Control Unit (MOCU) to address interoperability, standardization, and customization issues by using a modular, extensible, and flexible architecture built upon a sharedworld model. MOCU version 3 provides an open and extensible operator-control interface that allows additional functionality to be seamlessly added with software modules while providing the means to fully integrate the information into a layered game-like user interface. MOCU's design allows it to completely decouple the human interface from the core management modules, while still enabling modules to render overlapping regions of the screen without interference or a priori knowledge of other display elements, thus allowing more flexibility in project-specific customization.
Common ecology quantifies human insurgency.
Bohorquez, Juan Camilo; Gourley, Sean; Dixon, Alexander R; Spagat, Michael; Johnson, Neil F
Many collective human activities, including violence, have been shown to exhibit universal patterns. The size distributions of casualties both in whole wars from 1816 to 1980 and terrorist attacks have separately been shown to follow approximate power-law distributions. However, the possibility of universal patterns ranging across wars in the size distribution or timing of within-conflict events has barely been explored. Here we show that the sizes and timing of violent events within different insurgent conflicts exhibit remarkable similarities. We propose a unified model of human insurgency that reproduces these commonalities, and explains conflict-specific variations quantitatively in terms of underlying rules of engagement. Our model treats each insurgent population as an ecology of dynamically evolving, self-organized groups following common decision-making processes. Our model is consistent with several recent hypotheses about modern insurgency, is robust to many generalizations, and establishes a quantitative connection between human insurgency, global terrorism and ecology. Its similarity to financial market models provides a surprising link between violent and non-violent forms of human behaviour. PMID:20016600
The Common Communication Interface (CCI)
Shipman, Galen M [ORNL; Atchley, Scott [ORNL; Dillow, David A [ORNL; Geoffray, Patrick [ORNL; Bosilca, George [University of Tennessee, Knoxville (UTK); Squyres, Jeffrey M [ORNL; Minnich, Ronald [Sandia National Laboratories (SNL)
There are many APIs for connecting and exchanging data between network peers. Each interface varies wildly based on metrics including performance, portability, and complexity. Specifically, many interfaces make design or implementation choices emphasizing some of the more desirable metrics (e.g., performance) while sacrificing others (e.g., portability). As a direct result, software developers building large, network-based applications are forced to choose a specific network API based on a complex, multi-dimensional set of criteria. Such trade-offs inevitably result in an interface that fails to deliver some desirable features. In this paper, we introduce a novel interface that both supports many features that have become standard (or otherwise generally expected) in other communication interfaces, and strives to export a small, yet powerful, interface. This new interface draws upon years of experience from network-oriented software development best practices to systems-level implementations. The goal is to create a relatively simple, high-level communication interface with low barriers to adoption while still providing important features such as scalability, resiliency, and performance. The result is the Common Communications Interface (CCI): an intuitive API that is portable, efficient, scalable, and robust to meet the needs of network-intensive applications common in HPC and cloud computing.
Keller, D.V.; Watts, A.J.; Rice, D.A.; Powe, J.; Beezhold, W.
The purpose of the Commonality program, initiated by DNA in 1978, was to evaluate e-beam material testing procedures and techniques by comparing material stress and spall data from various US and UK e-beam facilities and experimenters. As part of this joint DNA/SNL/UK Commonality effort, Sandia and Ktech used four different electron-beam machines to investigate various aspects of e-beam energy deposition in three materials. The deposition duration and the deposition profiles were varied, and the resulting stresses were measured. The materials studied were: (1) a low-Z material (A1), (2) a high-Z material (Ta), and (3) a typical porous material, a cermet. Aluminium and tantalum were irradiated using the DNA Blackjack 3 accelerator (60 ns pulse width), the DNA Blackjack 3' accelerator (30 ns pulse width), and the SNLA REHYD accelerator (100 ns pulse width). Propagating stresses were measured using x-cut quartz gauges, carbon gauges, and laser interferometry techniques. Data to determine the influence of deposition duration were obtained over a wide range of energy loadings. The cermet material was studied using the SNLA REHYD and HERMES II accelerators. The e-beam from REHYD generated propagating stresses which were monitored with quartz gauges as a function of sample thickness and energy loadings. The HERMES II accelerator was used to uniformly heat the cermet to determine the Grueneisen parameter and identify the incipient spall condition. Results of these experiments are presented.
Learning Commons Project Team Report Abridged Version
Lozano-Robledo, Alvaro
Learning Commons Project Team Report Abridged Version September 14, 2007 #12;2 Learning Commons Scan 5 Conversation with the Community 7 Planning and Development 8 Learning Commons Statement established to foster the learning of all. The university library is an example of a common space where each
Instruction and "The Commons". The College Connection
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Kasowitz-Scheer, Abby
Many academic libraries have embraced the concept of the information commons or the learning commons. These library spaces consist of collections of tools, services and programs intended to enhance the student learning experience. According to Scott Bennett (2008), an information commons supports learning, while the learning commons "enacts" the…
Common questions in veterinary toxicology.
Bates, N; Rawson-Harris, P; Edwards, N
Toxicology is a vast subject. Animals are exposed to numerous drugs, household products, plants, chemicals, pesticides and venomous animals. In addition to the individual toxicity of the various potential poisons, there is also the question of individual response and, more importantly, of species differences in toxicity. This review serves to address some of the common questions asked when dealing with animals with possible poisoning, providing evidence where available. The role of emetics, activated charcoal and lipid infusion in the management of poisoning in animals, the toxic dose of chocolate, grapes and dried fruit in dogs, the use of antidotes in paracetamol poisoning, timing of antidotal therapy in ethylene glycol toxicosis and whether lilies are toxic to dogs are discussed. PMID:25728477
Avoiding common pitfalls and pratfalls
Chiles, J.H. III; Stewart, G.D.
Success in bringing a project to completion is not always assured. Over the years, the authors have seen many cases where lack of knowledge of what it takes to see a project through to a successful conclusion has left a stream of wasted capital, unfulfilled expectations and genuine voids in electric generating supplies. Ensuring that a project makes its way through the regulatory, legal, financial and construction maze to a successful and money-making operation is a step-by-step process. Not paying sufficient attention to these steps often leads to pitfalls in a non-utility generation (NUG) project. The paper discusses the steps to take from obtaining approvals and permits, negotiating for firm bids on cost items, and obtaining financial assistance. Eight common pitfalls are described.
Common hyperspectral image database design
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Tian, Lixun; Liao, Ningfang; Chai, Ali
This paper is to introduce Common hyperspectral image database with a demand-oriented Database design method (CHIDB), which comprehensively set ground-based spectra, standardized hyperspectral cube, spectral analysis together to meet some applications. The paper presents an integrated approach to retrieving spectral and spatial patterns from remotely sensed imagery using state-of-the-art data mining and advanced database technologies, some data mining ideas and functions were associated into CHIDB to make it more suitable to serve in agriculture, geological and environmental areas. A broad range of data from multiple regions of the electromagnetic spectrum is supported, including ultraviolet, visible, near-infrared, thermal infrared, and fluorescence. CHIDB is based on dotnet framework and designed by MVC architecture including five main functional modules: Data importer/exporter, Image/spectrum Viewer, Data Processor, Parameter Extractor, and On-line Analyzer. The original data were all stored in SQL server2008 for efficient search, query and update, and some advance Spectral image data Processing technology are used such as Parallel processing in C#; Finally an application case is presented in agricultural disease detecting area.
Common mistakes in luminescence analysis
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Wang, Y.; Townsend, P. D.
Luminescence techniques are powerful and sensitive probes to study imperfections, impurities and modifications of insulating materials. They are used in a wide range of disciplines from condensed matter physics to archaeology and mineralogy and the methods have developed over nearly a century. Early equipment was often not quantitative and data were collected in formats that were difficult to process and manipulate, and so signals were frequently presented in terms of the initial signals without corrections for equipment spectral sensitivity. Unfortunately not only did this distort the information but often it resulted in incorrect interpretations. Further, the incorrect data handling has persisted into modern usage both by physicists and those in other fields who merely use luminescence as a sensitive technique. Several main types of problem are considered. These include temperature errors in thermoluminescence dosimetry; subtleties in the signal intensity corrections for the responses of both the spectrometer and detectors; grating polarization effects; sample anisotropy; and common errors in spectral deconvolution, especially failure to transform from wavelength to energy plots.
Common themes in microbial pathogenicity.
Finlay, B B; Falkow, S
A bacterial pathogen is a highly adapted microorganism which has the capacity to cause disease. The mechanisms used by pathogenic bacteria to cause infection and disease usually include an interactive group of virulence determinants, sometimes coregulated, which are suited for the interaction of a particular microorganism with a specific host. Because pathogens must overcome similar host barriers, common themes in microbial pathogenesis have evolved. However, these mechanisms are diverse between species and not necessarily conserved; instead, convergent evolution has developed several different mechanisms to overcome host barriers. The success of a bacterial pathogen can be measured by the degree with which it replicates after entering the host and reaching its specific niche. Successful microbial infection reflects persistence within a host and avoidance or neutralization of the specific and nonspecific defense mechanisms of the host. The degree of success of a pathogen is dependent upon the status of the host. As pathogens pass through a host, they are exposed to new environments. Highly adapted pathogenic organisms have developed biochemical sensors exquisitely designed to measure and respond to such environmental stimuli and accordingly to regulate a cascade of virulence determinants essential for life within the host. The pathogenic state is the product of dynamic selective pressures on microbial populations. PMID:2569162
Coordinating towards a Common Good
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Santos, Francisco C.; Pacheco, Jorge M.
Throughout their life, humans often engage in collective endeavors ranging from family related issues to global warming. In all cases, the tragedy of the commons threatens the possibility of reaching the optimal solution associated with global cooperation, a scenario predicted by theory and demonstrated by many experiments. Using the toolbox of evolutionary game theory, I will address two important aspects of evolutionary dynamics that have been neglected so far in the context of public goods games and evolution of cooperation. On one hand, the fact that often there is a threshold above which a public good is reached [1, 2]. On the other hand, the fact that individuals often participate in several games, related to the their social context and pattern of social ties, defined by a social network [3, 4, 5]. In the first case, the existence of a threshold above which collective action is materialized dictates a rich pattern of evolutionary dynamics where the direction of natural selection can be inverted compared to standard expectations. Scenarios of defector dominance, pure coordination or coexistence may arise simultaneously. Both finite and infinite population models are analyzed. In networked games, cooperation blooms whenever the act of contributing is more important than the effort contributed. In particular, the heterogeneous nature of social networks naturally induces a symmetry breaking of the dilemmas of cooperation, as contributions made by cooperators may become contingent on the social context in which the individual is embedded. This diversity in context provides an advantage to cooperators, which is particularly strong when both wealth and social ties follow a power-law distribution, providing clues on the self-organization of social communities. Finally, in both situations, it can be shown that individuals no longer play a defection dominance dilemma, but effectively engage in a general N-person coordination game. Even if locally defection may seem inescapable, globally there is an emergent new dilemma in which cooperation often prevails, illustrating how collective cooperative action may emerge from myopic individual selfishness.
What Are Some Commonly Abused Prescription Drugs?
... some of the commonly abused prescription drugs? Prescription Drug Abuse Email Facebook Twitter What are some of the commonly abused prescription drugs? Although many medications can be abused, the following ...
Boat electrofishing survey of common smelt and common bullies in the Ohau Channel
Waikato, University of
Boat electrofishing survey of common smelt and common bullies in the Ohau Channel CBER Contract Table 3. Numbers and densities of common smelt and common bullies at sites in the Ohau Channel that were bully and common smelt in the Ohau Channel on 13 December 2007
Common Core: Teaching Optimum Topic Exploration (TOTE)
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Karge, Belinda Dunnick; Moore, Roxane Kushner
The Common Core has become a household term and yet many educators do not understand what it means. This article explains the historical perspectives of the Common Core and gives guidance to teachers in application of Teaching Optimum Topic Exploration (TOTE) necessary for full implementation of the Common Core State Standards. An effective…
The Common Lisp Object System: An Overview
Linda G. Demichiel; Richard P. Gabriel
1. Abstract The Common Lisp Object System is an object-oriented system that is based on the concepts of generic functions, multiple inheritance, and method combination. All objects in the Object System are instances of classes that form an extension to the Common Lisp type system. The Common Lisp Object System is based on a meta-object protocol that renders it possible
Common Lisp Instrumentation Package: User Manual
Southern California, University of
Common Lisp Instrumentation Package: User Manual David L. Westbrook, Scott D. Anderson, David M;#12;Common Lisp Instrumentation Package: User Manual Experimental Knowledge Systems Laboratory Computer for the Common Lisp Instrumentation Package (Clip), a tool for automating experimentation and data collection
Formal ontology, common sense and cognitive science
Barry Smith
Common sense is on the one hand a certain set of processes of natural cognition - of speaking, reasoning, seeing, and so on. On the other hand common sense is a system of beliefs (of folk physics, folk psychology and so on). Over against both of these is the world of common sense, the world of objects to which the
Rimon, Elon
COMMON KNOWLEDGE, COHERENT UNCERTAINTIES AND CONSENSUS by Yakov Ben-Haim TECHNICAL REPORT ETR-2001 of Mechanical Engineering #12;Working Paper Common Knowledge, Coherent Uncertainties and Consensus Yakov Ben- and knowledge-functions, common knowledge and consensus. Our main results are that knowledge is constricted
Academic Engagement in the Library Commons
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Bennett, Charlie; Bodnar, Jon
Much has been written about library commons in recent years. For the most part, that literature has dealt with designing information and learning commons that support student learning by giving them the tools and resources they need for their academic work. However, few authors have discussed how a library commons might facilitate collaboration…
African swine fever virus eradication in Africa.
Penrith, Mary-Louise; Vosloo, Wilna; Jori, Ferran; Bastos, Armanda D S
African swine fever was reported in domestic pigs in 26 African countries during the period 2009-2011. The virus exists in an ancient sylvatic cycle between warthogs (Phacochoerus africanus) and argasid ticks of the Ornithodoros moubata complex in many of the countries reporting outbreaks and in two further countries in the region. Eradication of the virus from the countries in eastern and southern Africa where the classic sylvatic cycle occurs is clearly not an option. However, the virus has become endemic in domestic pigs in 20 countries and the great majority of outbreaks in recent decades, even in some countries where the sylvatic cycle occurs, have been associated with movement of infected pigs and pig meat. Pig production and marketing and ASF control in Africa have been examined in order to identify risk factors for the maintenance and spread of ASF. These include large pig populations, traditional free-range husbandry systems, lack of biosecurity in semi-intensive and intensive husbandry systems, lack of organisation in both pig production and pig marketing that results in lack of incentives for investment in pig farming, and ineffective management of ASF. Most of these factors are linked to poverty, yet pigs are recognised as a livestock species that can be used to improve livelihoods and contribute significantly to food security. The changes needed and how they might be implemented in order to reduce the risk of ASF to pig producers in Africa and to the rest of the world are explored. PMID:23142552
Probabilistic common-cause failures analysis
Liudong Xing; Wendai Wang
Common-cause failures (CCF) are simultaneous failures of multiple components within a system due to a common-cause or a shared root cause. CCF can contribute significantly to the overall system unreliability. Therefore, it is important to incorporate CCF into the system reliability analysis. Traditional CCF analyses have assumed that the occurrence of a common-cause results in the deterministic\\/guaranteed failure of components
Common Knowledge and Consistent Simultaneous Coordination \\Lambda
Tuttle, Mark R.
Kendall Square, Building 700 Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139 July 21, 1992 Abstract There is a very close relationship between common knowledge and simultaneity in synchronous distributed systems. The analysis
Harri Hemilä
The effect of vitamin C on the common cold has been the subject of several studies. These studies do not support a considerable decrease in the incidence of the common cold with supplemental vitamin C. However, vitamin C has consistently decreased the duration of cold episodes and the severity of symptoms. The benefits that have been observed in different studies
Hyperpigmentation: an overview of the common afflictions.
Cayce, Kimberly A; McMichael, Amy J; Feldman, Steven R
Hyperpigmentation disorders of the skin are common. Three of the more common forms include melasma, lentigines, and post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation. Significant negative psychological consequences can result. Many therapeutic options exist, though treatment is often difficult, requiring lengthy therapy. PMID:15624705
Common Standards for Career Education Programs
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Missouri Department of Elementary and Secondary Education, 2012
The Office of College and Career Readiness has developed the "Common Standards for Career Education Programs." The six common standards are: (1) Program Management and Planning; (2) Curriculum; (3) Instruction; (4) Professional Development; (5) Career and Technical Student Organizations; and (6) Instructional Facilities and Equipment. These…
Student Learning Commons Questions & Answers for Faculty
Student Learning Commons Questions & Answers for Faculty What is the SFU Student Learning Commons with academic writing, studying and learning strategies, English language support, and works closely lectures, or developing more effective studying strategies. Can faculty send students to the SLC? Faculty
Using Common Sense for Planning Learning Activities
Aparecido Fabiano; Pinatti de Carvalho; Junia Coutinho Anacleto; Henry Lieberman; Muriel de Souza Godoi; Silvia Zem-Mascarenhas
This paper discusses how common sense knowledge can be used by instructors for planning Learning Activities. Using common sense statements which were automatically col- lected, we are developing software that can be used to sup- port the teaching and learning process, in a more contextu- alized form. When teachers consider the knowledge that learners already have, taking into account their
Band Wear In Common Ravens (Corvus corax)
Bryan Bedrosian; Derek Craighead; Craighead Beringia South
We observed band wear on Common Ravens (Corvus corax) banded with aluminum USGS and alpha-numeric color anodized bands in northwest ern Wyoming. Both bands began to exhibit sharp edges less than one year after banding and anodized color bands began to lose color in similar time. We suggest banders use hard metal and engraved plastic color bands for Common Ravens
The Greatest Common GCD and Algorithms1
Shapiro, Bruce E.
because each time the remainder will decrease by at least one. The Euclidean Algorithm Input: A, B ZTopic 11 The Greatest Common Divisor GCD and Algorithms1 The GCD (Greatest Common Divisor) of two that: If r > 0 is an integer, then gcd(r, 0) = r Proof. Let r Z be positive. We need to show that gcd
The Dimensions of Common Factors in Counseling
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Leibert, Todd W.
Common factors is a concept that offers an explanation as to what makes counseling effective. Evidence from outcome studies has implications for training and practice. The particular purpose of this paper is to review the components of a popular model of common factors, the evidence supporting them, and subsequent implications for counselor…
Clinical Significance of a Long Common Channel
Terumi Kamisawa; Kozue Amemiya; Yuyang Tu; Naoto Egawa; Nobuhiro Sakaki; Kouji Tsuruta; Atsutake Okamoto; Akihiro Munakata
Background\\/Aim: It was reported that in only 19 (11%) of 173 patients was the common channel at the junction of the pancreatic and bile ducts found to be 6 mm or longer. Pancreaticobiliary maljunction (PBM) is defined as an anomaly with a markedly long common channel with the junction located outside the duodenal wall, so the action of the sphincter
Component Commonality with Service Level Requirements
Yigal Gerchak; Michael J. Magazine; A. Bruce Gamble
This paper extends recent results of Baker et al. (Baker, K. R., M. J. Magazine, H. L. W. Nuttle. 1986. The effect of commonality on safety stocks in a simple inventory model. Management Sci. 32 982--988.) in understanding the impact of component commonality on stocking levels under service level constraints. A model is formulated for an arbitrary number of products
Investigating nitrogen deficiency in common beans
Technology Transfer Automated Retrieval System (TEKTRAN)
Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean) and soybean diverged from a common ancestor approximately 19 million years ago. The genome of P. vulgaris is approximately half the size of soybean, making it an excellent model for soybean genetics. Nitrogen (N) is often a growth-limiting nutrient, and N deficiency ...
Guidelines for Common Bean QTL Nomenclature
Technology Transfer Automated Retrieval System (TEKTRAN)
Quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis has become an important tool for the characterization and breeding of complex traits in crops plants, such as common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). A standard system for naming QTL in common bean is needed for effective referencing of new and previously identif...
Common metrics for human-robot interaction
Aaron Steinfeld; Terrence Fong; David B. Kaber; Michael Lewis; Jean Scholtz; Alan C. Schultz; Michael A. Goodrich
This paper describes an effort to identify common metrics for task-oriented human-robot interaction (HRI). We begin by discussing the need for a toolkit of HRI metrics. We then describe the framework of our work and identify important biasing factors that must be taken into consideration. Finally, we present suggested common metrics for standardization and a case study. Preparation of a
Common Knowledge Revisited \\Lambda Ronald Fagin
Vardi, Moshe Y.
. of Computer Science Rice University Houston, TX 770051892 firstname.lastname@example.com Abstract: We consider the common while this author was at the IBM Almaden Research Center. Author's URL: http://www.cs.rice.edu/ ¸ vardi #12; convention that green means ``go'' and red means ``stop'' is presumably common knowledge among
Experience Programming Radiotherapy Applications in Common Lisp
Yetisgen-Yildiz, Meliha
Experience Programming Radiotherapy Applications in Common Lisp Ira J. Kalet, Ph.D. 1, Jonathan M experience using Common Lisp 1] as the programming language for a new radiation treatment planning (RTP technologies. We decided to use Lisp because of: its high level of expressive power, the existence of a direct
Samantar, Official Immunity and Federal Common Law
Peter B. Rutledge
This essay examines the theoretical underpinnings of the immunity of foreign government officials following the Supreme Court's recent decision in Samantar. Part of a forthcoming symposium with the Lewis and Clark Law Review, the paper tackles the federal common law in the Court's decision and, more broadly, international civil litigation. It criticizes the Court's unexamined assumption that its federal common
Tragedy of the commons in Melipona bees.
Wenseleers, Tom; Ratnieks, Francis L W
In human society selfish use of common resources can lead to disaster, a situation known as the 'tragedy of the commons' (TOC). Although a TOC is usually prevented by coercion, theory predicts that close kinship ties can also favour reduced exploitation. We test this prediction using data on a TOC occurring in Melipona bee societies. PMID:15504003
Common Platform Enumeration: Name Matching Specification
of this document and contributed to its technical content. The authors would like to acknowledge Brant A. Cheikes and support throughout the development of the document. Abstract This report defines the Common PlatformCommon Platform Enumeration: Name Matching Specification Version 2.3 MaryC.Parmelee Harold
Common hardware-in-the-loop development
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Kim, Hajin J.; Moss, Stephen G.
An approach to streamline the Hardware-In-the-Loop (HWIL) simulation development process is under evaluation. This Common HWIL technique will attempt to provide a more flexible, scalable system. The overall goal of the Common HWIL system will be to reduce cost by minimizing redundant development, operational labor and equipment expense. This paper will present current results and future plans of the development.
Commonality Analysis for the Regression Case.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Murthy, Kavita
Commonality analysis is a procedure for decomposing the coefficient of determination (R superscript 2) in multiple regression analyses into the percent of variance in the dependent variable associated with each independent variable uniquely, and the proportion of explained variance associated with the common effects of predictors in various…
Curriculum Producers Work to Reflect Common Standards
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Gewertz, Catherine
Three-quarters of the states adopted a new set of common academic standards in the past six months. However, education groups and publishers are preparing to follow with one of their own--curriculum materials that aim to embody the new standards. An early example comes from the Washington-based advocacy group Common Core, which released free…
Private Schools Opt for Common Core
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Robelen, Erik W.
The common standards are not just for public schools. With all but four states having adopted them since 2010, districts have little choice but to implement the Common Core State Standards. But many private schools are also making the transition. Many Roman Catholic, Lutheran, and other private schools have adopted at least portions of the…
Mathematics Common Core Unpacked: Grade Four
NSDL National Science Digital Library
Drew Polly at UNCC
This document provides descriptions and examples of what each Mathematics Common Core standard means a Grade Four student will know, understand and be able to do. This "unpacking" of the standards provides instructional guidelines and was developed to assist North Carolina educators teach the Mathematics Common Core (Standard Course of Study).
Mathematics Common Core Unpacked: Grade Three
NSDL National Science Digital Library
Drew Polly at UNCC
This document provides descriptions and examples of what each Mathematics Common Core standard means a Grade Three student will know, understand and be able to do. This "unpacking" of the standards provides instructional guidelines and was developed to assist North Carolina educators teach the Mathematics Common Core (Standard Course of Study).
Revisiting the Commons: Local Lessons, Global Challenges
Elinor Ostrom; Joanna Burger; Christopher B. Field; Richard B. Norgaard; David Policansky
In a seminal paper, Garrett Hardin argued in 1968 that users of a commons are caught in an inevitable process that leads to the destruction of the resources on which they depend. This article discusses new insights about such problems and the conditions most likely to favor sustainable uses of common-pool resources. Some of the most difficult challenges concern the
Common Knowledge: Learning Spaces in Academic Libraries
Rebecca M. Sullivan
The first iterations of the information commons organized library work space around access to digital resources, with research and computing assistance also available. More recently, however, change in academic libraries has paralleled the reorientation of knowledge in higher education. With further involvement in campus-wide initiatives and an emphasis on the social dimension of learning, the learning commons represents transformative change
The Info Commons Concept: Assessing User Needs
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Cataldo, Tara Tobin; Freund, LeiLani; Ocha, Marilyn N.; Salcedo, Marina
The University of Florida Libraries took the opportunity of remodeling its Humanities and Social Sciences library to conceptualize the design of an info commons area for the new building. An Info Commons Concept Team was formed and charged with this task. The team used site visits, surveys, focus groups, and interviews to determine the needs of…
The Virtual Learning Commons Dr. Deana Pennington
Wright, Dawn Jeannine
Collaborate) 11/5/20123 11/5/2012 Theory-based: -Learning theories -Innovation theories -Spatial interactionThe Virtual Learning Commons Dr. Deana Pennington Cyber-ShARE Center of Excellence, University: The Virtual Learning Commons (VLC) Support user in: finding relevant content about a given technology (VLC
Looking Forward from "A Common Faith"
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Noddings, Nel
"A Common Faith," according to this author, is arguably one of John Dewey's least effective books. In it, he tries to persuade readers that the best of two epistemologically different worlds can be reconciled in a common faith--one that employs the methods of science with a generously religious attitude. Possibly most people today believe this…
Neck Pain (Cervical Strain) COMMON CAUSES
Virginia Tech
, such a sport injury or motor vehicle accident. More common and less dramatic causes include reaching or pulling trauma to head occurred or headache is severe. This side effect will resolve in time. Most injuriesNeck Pain (Cervical Strain) COMMON CAUSES: Neck pain may be triggered by a specific event
A common language for computer security incidents
John D. Howard; Thomas A Longstaff
Much of the computer security information regularly gathered and disseminated by individuals and organizations cannot currently be combined or compared because a common language has yet to emerge in the field of computer security. A common language consists of terms and taxonomies (principles of classification) which enable the gathering, exchange and comparison of information. This paper presents the results of
96 RestoRative Commons Urban Gardens
relationship to the Earth and to nature. While early green infrastructure elements existed in the cellular96 RestoRative Commons #12;97 Urban Gardens: Catalysts for Restorative Commons Infrastructure John, a central shared field for grazing or crops, has changed over the centuries, our urban infrastructure
Common Respiratory Viruses and Pulmonary Mucosal Immunology
David B. Huang
tory epithelium. In most cases, viral infection is limited to the upper airways; however, infections of the lower airway regions occur in a significant number of infected individuals. Worldwide, approximately 90% of the cases of the "common cold" are caused by viruses and most are seen in the winter months. These viruses are spread from person to person and commonly
40 Common Minerals and Their Uses
NSDL National Science Digital Library
Gold-Traders (UK) Ltd.
Of the ninety two elements found in the Earth, forty of them are used in our daily lives. Some of the names are common and well known, and others seem obscure until one sees that it helps create something we cannot live without. This page describes these 40 common minerals.
Common coil magnet system for VLHC
Ramesh Gupta; Lawrence Berkeley
This paper introduces the common coil magnet system for the proposed Very Large Hadron Collider (VLHC). In this system, the high energy booster (HEB), the injector to VLHC, is integrated as the iron dominated low field aperture within the coldmass of the common coil magnet design introduced earlier. This 4-in-1 magnet concept for a 2-in-1 machine should provide a major
Common Skeletal Problems in Children and Adolescents
Rosser, W.; Feldman, W.; McGrath, P.
Injuries are the most common cause of morbidity and mortality in children. Approximately 15% of injuries involve the skeleton. The prevalence of injuries and musculoskeletal problems increases with age as growing children achieve higher levels of physical activity. This paper provides brief descriptions of only the most common skeletal problems. The authors describe skeletal injuries seen in battered children; problems that cause painful or immobile arms; limps or immobile legs; and spinal pain problems. The common causes of pain or disability in these four areas are discussed. PMID:21263852
Computing a Longest Common Palindromic Subsequence
Chowdhury, Shihabur Rahman; Iqbal, Sumaiya; Rahman, M Sohel
The {\\em longest common subsequence (LCS)} problem is a classic and well-studied problem in computer science. Palindrome is a word which reads the same forward as it does backward. The {\\em longest common palindromic subsequence (LCPS)} problem is an interesting variant of the classic LCS problem which finds the longest common subsequence between two given strings such that the computed subsequence is also a palindrome. In this paper, we study the LCPS problem and give efficient algorithms to solve this problem. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first attempt to study and solve this interesting problem.
Building a Common Identity Common identity is an important tool in ensuring appropriate access to corporate
Chaudhuri, Surajit
Building a Common Identity Common identity is an important tool in ensuring appropriate access to corporate information. Without an efficient method of establishing and maintaining a common identity across. Forefront Identity Manager (FIM) 2010 R2 helps you resolve these issues by providing self-service identity
A common-view disciplined oscillator
Lombardi, Michael A. [Time and Frequency Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Boulder, Colorado 80305 (United States); Dahlen, Aaron P. [Loran Support Unit, United States Coast Guard (USCG), Wildwood, New Jersey 08260 (United States)
This paper describes a common-view disciplined oscillator (CVDO) that locks to a reference time scale through the use of common-view global positioning system (GPS) satellite measurements. The CVDO employs a proportional-integral-derivative controller that obtains near real-time common-view GPS measurements from the internet and provides steering corrections to a local oscillator. A CVDO can be locked to any time scale that makes real-time common-view data available and can serve as a high-accuracy, self-calibrating frequency and time standard. Measurement results are presented where a CVDO is locked to UTC(NIST), the coordinated universal time scale maintained at the National Institute of Standards and Technology in Boulder, Colorado.
Phenotyping common beans for adaptation to drought.
Beebe, Stephen E; Rao, Idupulapati M; Blair, Matthew W; Acosta-Gallegos, Jorge A
Common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) originated in the New World and are the grain legume of greatest production for direct human consumption. Common bean production is subject to frequent droughts in highland Mexico, in the Pacific coast of Central America, in northeast Brazil, and in eastern and southern Africa from Ethiopia to South Africa. This article reviews efforts to improve common bean for drought tolerance, referring to genetic diversity for drought response, the physiology of drought tolerance mechanisms, and breeding strategies. Different races of common bean respond differently to drought, with race Durango of highland Mexico being a major source of genes. Sister species of P. vulgaris likewise have unique traits, especially P. acutifolius which is well adapted to dryland conditions. Diverse sources of tolerance may have different mechanisms of plant response, implying the need for different methods of phenotyping to recognize the relevant traits. Practical considerations of field management are discussed including: trial planning; water management; and field preparation. PMID:23507928
Common Cause Failure Modeling: Aerospace Versus Nuclear
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Stott, James E.; Britton, Paul; Ring, Robert W.; Hark, Frank; Hatfield, G. Spencer
Aggregate nuclear plant failure data is used to produce generic common-cause factors that are specifically for use in the common-cause failure models of NUREG/CR-5485. Furthermore, the models presented in NUREG/CR-5485 are specifically designed to incorporate two significantly distinct assumptions about the methods of surveillance testing from whence this aggregate failure data came. What are the implications of using these NUREG generic factors to model the common-cause failures of aerospace systems? Herein, the implications of using the NUREG generic factors in the modeling of aerospace systems are investigated in detail and strong recommendations for modeling the common-cause failures of aerospace systems are given.
XP. A Common Lisp Pretty Printing System
Waters, Richard C.
XP provides efficient and flexible support for pretty printing in Common Lisp. Its single greatest advantage is that it allows the full benefits of pretty printing to be obtained when printing data structures, as well ...
Facemail : preventing common errors when composing email
Lieberman, Eric (Eric W.)
Facemail is a system designed to investigate and prevent common errors that users make while composing emails. Users often accidentally send email to incorrect recipients by mistyping an email address, accidentally clicking ...
Common Misconceptions about Day and Night, Seasons
NSDL National Science Digital Library
Jessica Fries-Gaither
This article describes common misconceptions held by elementary students about the cause of day and night and seasons. The article provides ideas for formative assessment, teaching strategies, and the National Science Education Standards.
What Are Common Treatments for Down Syndrome?
... Resources and Publications What are common treatments for Down syndrome? Skip sharing on social media links Share this: ... computers with large-letter keyboards. DS-Connect®: The Down Syndrome Registry Parents and families of children with Down ...
Common Problems That Can Affect Your Voice
... antibiotics are not effective. Bacterial infections of the larynx are much rarer and often are associated with ... nerves and muscles within the voice box or larynx. The most common neurological condition that affects the ...
Vulvovaginitis and other common childhood gynaecological conditions.
Garden, Anne S
Paediatric gynaecological problems, especially those involving the vulvar area, are common in childhood. The conditions frequently seen include recurrent bacterial vulvovaginitis, vulvar irritation, labial adhesions and dermatological conditions. The presentation and management of these conditions will be reviewed. PMID:21119021
Common Edge-Unzippings for Tetrahedra
O'Rourke, Joseph
It is shown that there are examples of distinct polyhedra, each with a Hamiltonian path of edges, which when cut, unfolds the surfaces to a common net. In particular, it is established for infinite classes of triples of tetrahedra.
Common-Emitter Transistor Video Amplifiers
Georg Bruun
A design procedure and theory are given for the common-emitter transistor video amplifier with and without a feedback resistor in the emitter lead. In the analysis a junction transistor of the alloy type is represented by the Johnson-Giacoletto hybrid-pi equivalent circuit for the common-emitter transistor. The design theory accounts for the most significant part of the bilateralness of the transistor
Common Metrics for Human-Robot Interaction
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Steinfeld, Aaron; Lewis, Michael; Fong, Terrence; Scholtz, Jean; Schultz, Alan; Kaber, David; Goodrich, Michael
This paper describes an effort to identify common metrics for task-oriented human-robot interaction (HRI). We begin by discussing the need for a toolkit of HRI metrics. We then describe the framework of our work and identify important biasing factors that must be taken into consideration. Finally, we present suggested common metrics for standardization and a case study. Preparation of a larger, more detailed toolkit is in progress.
Common coil magnet program at BNL
R. Gupta; M. Anereila; J. Cozzolino; J. Escallier; G. Ganetis; A. Ghosh; M. Harrison; G. Morgan; J. Muratore; B. Parker; W. Sampson; P. Wanderer
The goal of the common coil magnet R&D program at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) is to develop a 12.5 T, 40 mm aperture dipole magnet using "react and wind technology" with high temperature superconductors (HTS) playing a major role. Due to its "conductor friendly" nature, the common coil design is attractive for building high field 2-in-1 dipoles with brittle materials
A common language for computer security incidents
John D. Howard; Thomas A Longstaff
Much of the computer security information regularly gathered and disseminated by individuals and organizations cannot currently be combined or compared because a common language has yet to emerge in the field of computer security. A common language consists of terms and taxonomies (principles of classification) which enable the gathering, exchange and comparison of information. This paper presents the results of a project to develop such a common language for computer security incidents. This project results from cooperation between the Security and Networking Research Group at the Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, CA, and the CERT{reg_sign} Coordination Center at Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA. This Common Language Project was not an effort to develop a comprehensive dictionary of terms used in the field of computer security. Instead, the authors developed a minimum set of high-level terms, along with a structure indicating their relationship (a taxonomy), which can be used to classify and understand computer security incident information. They hope these high-level terms and their structure will gain wide acceptance, be useful, and most importantly, enable the exchange and comparison of computer security incident information. They anticipate, however, that individuals and organizations will continue to use their own terms, which may be more specific both in meaning and use. They designed the common language to enable these lower-level terms to be classified within the common language structure.
29 CFR 779.221 - "Common control" defined.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR
...Enterprise Coverage Unified Operation Or Common Control § 779.221 "Common control" defined. Under the definition the "enterprise...related activities performed through "common control" for a common business purpose. The...
29 CFR 779.221 - "Common control" defined.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR
...Enterprise Coverage Unified Operation Or Common Control § 779.221 "Common control" defined. Under the definition the "enterprise...related activities performed through "common control" for a common business purpose. The...
29 CFR 779.221 - "Common control" defined.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR
...Enterprise Coverage Unified Operation Or Common Control § 779.221 "Common control" defined. Under the definition the "enterprise...related activities performed through "common control" for a common business purpose. The...
Common technical causes of the failed rhinoplasty.
Davis, Richard E; Bublik, Michael
The adverse rhinoplasty outcome may result from a wide variety of dissimilar causes. Although these causes include psychiatric patient disturbances and severely aberrant wound-healing responses, by far the most common etiology of the failed rhinoplasty is technical failure on behalf of the surgeon. Moreover, a disproportionate number of technical shortcomings stem from errors in basic rhinoplasty technique. Hence, mastery of rhinoplasty fundamentals will prevent a large number of novice errors that often taint the cosmetic outcome. Because many of the remaining technical errors stem from overaggressive tissue removal, tissue-sparing rhinoplasty techniques will also prevent many common causes of technical failure. This article identifies some of the more common technical errors associated with the unsuccessful cosmetic rhinoplasty and also provides insights as to their avoidance. PMID:22872554
Structures for common-cause failure analysis
Vaurio, J.K.
Common-cause failure methodology and terminology have been reviewed and structured to provide a systematical basis for addressing and developing models and methods for quantification. The structure is based on (1) a specific set of definitions, (2) categories based on the way faults are attributable to a common cause, and (3) classes based on the time of entry and the time of elimination of the faults. The failure events are then characterized by their likelihood or frequency and the average residence time. The structure provides a basis for selecting computational models, collecting and evaluating data and assessing the importance of various failure types, and for developing effective defences against common-cause failure. The relationships of this and several other structures are described.
Common post-operative complications in children
Pawar, Dilip
The exact incidence of common post-operative complications in children is not known. Most common one is post-operative nausea and vomiting followed by respiratory complications leading to hypoxia. Cardiac complications are less in children without associated congenital cardiac anomaly. Post-operative shivering, agitation and delirium are seen more often in children anaesthetised with newer inhalational agents like sevoflurane and desflurane. Urinary retention in the post-operative period could be influenced by anaesthetic drugs and regional blocks. The purpose of this article is to review the literature and present to the postgraduate students comprehensive information about the current understanding and practice pattern on various common complications in the post-operative period. Extensive literature was searched with key words of various complications from Pubmed, Google scholar and specific journal, namely paediatric anaesthesia. The relevant articles, review article meta-analysis and editorials were the primary source of information for this article. PMID:23293390
Common post-operative complications in children.
Pawar, Dilip
The exact incidence of common post-operative complications in children is not known. Most common one is post-operative nausea and vomiting followed by respiratory complications leading to hypoxia. Cardiac complications are less in children without associated congenital cardiac anomaly. Post-operative shivering, agitation and delirium are seen more often in children anaesthetised with newer inhalational agents like sevoflurane and desflurane. Urinary retention in the post-operative period could be influenced by anaesthetic drugs and regional blocks. The purpose of this article is to review the literature and present to the postgraduate students comprehensive information about the current understanding and practice pattern on various common complications in the post-operative period. Extensive literature was searched with key words of various complications from Pubmed, Google scholar and specific journal, namely paediatric anaesthesia. The relevant articles, review article meta-analysis and editorials were the primary source of information for this article. PMID:23293390
Laserlithotripsy of common bile duct stones.
Ell, C; Lux, G; Hochberger, J; Müller, D; Demling, L
Endoscopic retrograde laser lithotripsy of common bile duct stones is a new technique which can be carried out through the endoscope without anaesthesia using ordinary endoscopic equipment. In the method described here a flashlamp pulsed Neodymium YAG laser (wave length 1064 nm) was used. Light energy was transmitted along a highly flexible quartz fibre with a diameter of 0.2 mm. This new technique was used in nine patients with concrements in the common bile duct, which could not be removed with the established endoscopic techniques. In eight of the nine the concrements (maximum diameter 4.7 x 3.1 cm) could be fragmented and in six the fragments could be extracted from the common bile duct. The total energy required was 80-300 J; complications were not observed. Images Figs 3 and 4 Fig. 5 Fig. 6 Fig. 7 Figs 8 and 9 PMID:2898421
Organising pneumonia in common variable immunodeficiency
Boujaoude, Ziad; Arya, Rohan; Rafferty, William; Dammert, Pedro
Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is the most common of the primary immunodeficiency disorders. Pulmonary manifestations are characterised by recurrent rhinosinusitis, respiratory tract infections and bronchiectasis. Less commonly the lung may be affected by lymphoid disorders and sarcoid-like granulomas. Organising pneumonia (OP) is a rare pulmonary manifestation. We report the case of a 32-year-old woman with CVID who presented with fever, dyspnoea and persistent lung infiltrates despite antibiotic therapy. CT of the chest showed bilateral patchy alveolar infiltrates. Pulmonary function tests revealed moderate restriction and reduction in diffusion capacity. Initial bronchoscopy with transbronchial biopsies did not yield a diagnosis but surgical lung biopsies identified OP. Significant clinical, radiographic and physiological improvement was achieved after institution of corticosteroid therapy. PMID:23749855
Revisiting the commons: local lessons, global challenges.
Ostrom, E; Burger, J; Field, C B; Norgaard, R B; Policansky, D
In a seminal paper, Garrett Hardin argued in 1968 that users of a commons are caught in an inevitable process that leads to the destruction of the resources on which they depend. This article discusses new insights about such problems and the conditions most likely to favor sustainable uses of common-pool resources. Some of the most difficult challenges concern the management of large-scale resources that depend on international cooperation, such as fresh water in international basins or large marine ecosystems. Institutional diversity may be as important as biological diversity for our long-term survival. PMID:10195886
Right heart failure: toward a common language.
Mehra, Mandeep R; Park, Myung H; Landzberg, Michael J; Lala, Anuradha; Waxman, Aaron B
In this perspective, the International Right Heart Foundation Working Group moves a step forward to develop a common language to describe the development and defects that exemplify the common syndrome of right heart failure. We first propose fundamental definitions of the distinctive components of the right heart circulation and provide consensus on a universal definition of right heart failure. These definitions will form the foundation for describing a uniform nomenclature for right heart circulatory failure with a view to foster collaborative research initiatives and conjoint education in an effort to provide insight into echanisms of disease unique to the right heart. PMID:24268184
Simulating futures in extended common LISP
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Nachtsheim, Philip R.
Stack-groups comprise the mechanism underlying implementation of multiprocessing in Extended Common LISP, i.e., running multiple quasi-simultaneous processes within a single LISP address space. On the other hand, the future construct of MULTILISP, an extension of the LISP dialect scheme, deals with parallel execution. The source of concurrency that future exploits is the overlap between computation of a value and use of the value. Described is a simulation of the future construct by an interpreter utilizing stack-group extensions to common LISP.
Open Educational Resources Commons: Science and Technology
NSDL National Science Digital Library
Open Educational Resources (OER) Commons is an open network of course materials and other educational resources, for all levels, that are freely available online for the use of educators, students, and self-learners. Materials include full courses, course modules, syllabi, lectures, homework assignments, quizzes, lab and classroom activities, pedagogical materials, games, simulations, and many other items. The science and technology section of OER Commons provides access to thousands of resources in all areas of science and technology. Each resource is accompanied by metadata, including type, subject, grade level, a rating, and other kinds of information. Users are also invited to submit resources for others to share.
Right heart failure: toward a common language
Abstract In this guideline, the International Right Heart Foundation Working Group moves a step forward to develop a common language to describe the development and defects that exemplify the common syndrome of right heart failure. We first propose fundamental definitions of the distinctive components of the right heart circulation and provide consensus on a universal definition of right heart failure. These definitions will form the foundation for describing a uniform nomenclature for right heart circulatory failure with a view to foster collaborative research initiatives and conjoint education in an effort to provide insight into mechanisms of disease unique to the right heart. PMID:25006413
Open Educational Resources Commons: Mathematics and Statistics
NSDL National Science Digital Library
Open Educational Resources (OER) Commons is an open network of course materials and other educational resources, for all levels, that are freely available online for the use of educators, students, and self-learners. Materials include full courses, course modules, syllabi, lectures, homework assignments, quizzes, lab and classroom activities, pedagogical materials, games, simulations, and many other items. The mathematics and statistics section of OER Commons provides access to thousands of resources in all areas of math and statistics. Each resource is accompanied by metadata, including type, subject, grade level, a rating, and other types of information. Users are also invited to submit resources for others to share.
Space application of airborne common modules
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Flanagan, R. A.; Mosher, T. O.; Fleischman, D. L.; Bond, D. G.
It is shown that, with some early planning, common electronics modules designed for combat aircraft can be used in space applications. It is shown that architectures, made up of common modules, can be constructed in a manner that will resolve reliability, safety, environmental and cost concerns. Growth path and capability are shown for near-term projects (heavy launch vehicle) through far-term (manned Mars mission) applications. Performance requirements, environmental specifications, validation methods, and testing philosophy for missions in space transportation are addressed.
Dominant gene for common bean resistance to common bacterial blight caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. phaseoli
Mildred Zapata; James S. Beaver; Timothy G. Porch
The common bacterial blight pathogen [Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. phaseoli (Xap)] is a limiting factor for common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) production worldwide and resistance to the pathogen in most commercial cultivars is inadequate. Variability in virulence\\u000a of the bacterial pathogen has been observed in strains isolated from Puerto Rico and Central America. A few common bean lines\\u000a show a differential
Common and Scientific Names Table D1 Common and scientific names as referred to in document.
gull Larus californicus California quail Callipepla californica Canada geese Branta canadensis Common hemionus columbianus Black-tailed jackrabbit Lepus californicus Cougar Felis concolor Coyote Canis latrans
Laptop Use in University Common Spaces
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Wolff, Bill
Anecdotal evidence existed about the many students who use their laptops and the wireless network in university common spaces, but little was known about how, where, and why students use laptops on campus, and less was known about students' awareness of university wireless network policies and security. This article discusses the results of a…
[Hormonal factors in etiology of common acne].
Bergler-Czop, Beata; Brzezi?ska-Wcis?o, Ligia
Common acne is steatorrhoeic chronic disease, to which specific is, among others, the presence of blackheads, papulopustular eruptions, purulent cysts and cicatrices. Such hormonal factors belong to elements inherent in etiology of the affection. Sebaceous glands have cell receptors on their surface for androgens. In etiopathogenesis of common/simple acne, a decisive role is played by a derivative of testosterone, i.e. 5-alpha-dihydrotestosterone (DHT). However, some experts are of opinion that there is no correlation between the increased intensity of common acne and other symptoms of hyperandrogenism. Numerous authors assume, however, that common acne-affected patients may be sometimes subjected to intense reactions caused by sebaceous glands against physiological androgens concentrations. Naturally, estrogens can inhibit release of such androgens. Under physiological conditions, natural progesterone does not conduct to intensification of the seborrhea, but the activity of sebum secretion may be triggered off by its synthetic counterparts. Hormonal etiology can be very distinctly visible in the steroid, androgenic, premenstrual, menopausal acne, as well as in juvenile acne and acne neonatorum. In case of females affected by acne, hormonal therapy should be persistently supported and consulted with dermatologists, endocrinologists and gynecologists. Antiandrogenic preparations are applied, such as: cyproterone acetate concurrently administered with estrogens and, as well as not so frequently with chlormadinone acetate (independently or during estrogenic therapy). PMID:15518435
Interactive Common Illumination for Computer Augmented Reality
Paris-Sud XI, Université de
reality (CAR), in which computer generated objects mix with real video images, has resulted in many of the common illumination problem for CAR: (a) simplification of camera calibration and modeling of the real rates on mid-range graphics workstations. Our new framework will hopefully lead to CAR systems
Social learning in common ravens, Corvus corax
We conducted an experiment to investigate whether the presence of a conspecific model can promote the acquisition of a motor task in common ravens. For this purpose, dyads, either of control birds or of model–observer pairings, were allowed to operate together in an arena with a set of identical boxes. Each box consisted of two compartments each containing a reward
Pixel Approximation Errors in Common Watershed Algorithms
Hamprecht, Fred A.
Pixel Approximation Errors in Common Watershed Algorithms Hans Meine1 , Peer Stelldinger1 for Image Processing, University of Heidelberg, Germany Abstract. The exact, subpixel watershed algorithm delivers very accu- rate watershed boundaries based on a spline interpolation, but is slow and only works
Optimal Central Banker Contracts and Common Agency
Georgios E. Chortareas; Stephen M. Miller
This paper considers the contacting approach to central banking in the context of a simple common agency model. The recent literature on optimal contracts suggests that the political principal of the central bank can design the appropriate incentive schemes that remedy for time-inconsistency problems in monetary policy. The effectiveness of such contracts, however, requires a central banker that attaches a
Common obstacles to making quality hay
Technology Transfer Automated Retrieval System (TEKTRAN)
Many obstacles are known to limit the production of high-quality hays. Among these, advanced plant maturity, rain damage during field wilting, and spontaneous heating during bale storage are most common. Rain damage reduces forage quality by leaching cell solubles (mostly sugars) from the forage, th...
Common Topics and Commonplaces of Environmental Rhetoric
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Ross, Derek G.
Common topics are words or phrases used to develop argument, and commonplaces aid memory or catalyze frames of understanding. When used in argumentation, each may help interested parties more effectively communicate valuable scientific and environment-related information. This article describes 12 modern topics of environmental rhetoric,…
>> International Commons at the Digital Age
Paris-Sud XI, Université de
Content Distribution Herkko Hietanen, Ville Oksanen, Finland 95 5 #12;Open Source Law Marcus Bornfreund Intelligence Artificielle Une Révolution de la connaissance juridique La liberté de la recherche et ses, Sweden 69 2. Creative Commons Licenses and Open Governance: To Create and To Regulate 83 La création
Commonality of earthquake and wind analysis
P. J. Cevallos-Candau; W. J. Wall
The common features of general dynamic analysis procedures employed for evaluating the effects of wind and earthquake excitation were investigated. A major goal was to investigate and develop a basis for generating response spectra for wind loading, which in turn would permit the use of modal analysis techniques for wind analysis in a manner similar to that employed for earthquake
A Common Origin for Immunity and Digestion
Broderick, Nichole A.
Historically, the digestive and immune systems were viewed and studied as separate entities. However, there are remarkable similarities and shared functions in both nutrient acquisition and host defense. Here, I propose a common origin for both systems. This association provides a new prism for viewing the emergence and evolution of host defense mechanisms. PMID:25745424
"Lookism", Common Schools, Respect and Democracy
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Davis, Andrew
The Common School should promote a sense of the distinctive worth of all human beings. How is the respect thus owed to every individual to be properly understood? This familiar question is explored by discussing "lookism", a form of discrimination on the grounds of appearance. The treatment is located within a wider analysis of stereotyping.…
Virginia Standards Predated the Common Core Initiative
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Knowledge Quest, 2014
The Virginia Board of Education is committed to the Virginia Standards of Learning (SOL) program and opposed to adoption of the newly developed Common Core State Standards as a prerequisite for participation in federal competitive grant and entitlement programs. The Standards of Learning are clear and rigorous and have won the acceptance and trust…
Gates, Pearson Partner on Common Core
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Gewertz, Catherine
As states and school districts grapple with how to teach the skills outlined in the new common standards, two foundations have announced a partnership aimed at crafting complete, online curricula for those standards in mathematics and English/language arts that span nearly every year of a child's precollegiate education. The announcement last…
CTE and the Common Core State Standards
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Reese, Susan
When the National Governors Association (NGA) and the Council of Chief State School Officers (CCSSO) released the Common Core State Standards in June 2010, it was the culmination of a yearlong process. It resulted in what the two organizations stated was the establishment of clear and consistent goals for learning that would prepare America's…
Common Core State Standards: I Wonder?
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Tienken, Christopher H.
On June 1, 2009, the National Governors Association Center for Best Practices (NGA Center) and the Council of Chief State School Officers (CCSSO) issued a press release stating that 49 states and territories had joined the Common Core State Standards Initiative (CCSS). That initiative proposed that all states voluntarily adopt the same set of…
Key to Identifying Common Household Ants
NSDL National Science Digital Library
A short lucid key to 8 common household ant species with control strategies. The information presented is accurate and the key easy to use; ancillary pages are also useful. The key may present difficulties if other ant species are encountered or in other parts of the U.S.
The Common Application: When Competitors Collaborate
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Ehrenberg, Ronald G.; Liu, Albert Yung-Hsu
American colleges and universities compete with each other for undergraduate and graduate students, faculty and staff, research funding, and external contributions, as well as on athletic fields. This competition is often alleged to be a zero-sum game; what one institution wins, another must lose. However, as the authors show here, the Common…
Dietary supplements commonly used for prevention.
Najm, Wadie; Lie, Désirée
The use of complimentary and alternative medicine is on the rise. This article reviews some of the commonly used herbal supplements and others focusing mainly on disease prevention. A summary table of medical conditions is provided, and when possible, a summary of efficacy and safety is provided to facilitate decision making. PMID:18928828
What Are Common Symptoms of Down Syndrome?
... Wide, short hands with short fingers A single, deep, crease across the palm of the hand A deep groove between the first and second toes In ... Developmental Symptoms Cognitive impairment, problems with thinking and learning, is common in people with Down syndrome and ...
Staking a Claim in the Information Commons.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Kranich, Nancy
Discusses the key role of the school library as an information commons that prepares tomorrow's citizens to recognize their rights and responsibilities in the information age. An action agenda for school librarians aimed at ensuring that young people will continue to have opportunities to participate in a digital age democracy is suggested. (MES)
Access to the Common Core for All
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
McLaughlin, Margaret J.
Too often under the various state-developed standards and assessments, accommodations for students with disabilities--a heterogeneous group with varied characteristics and needs--have not been adequately addressed or have been ignored. The Common Core State Standards (CCSS) initiative provides an historic opportunity to improve access to rigorous…
Searching for Fundamentals and Commonalities of Search
by manipulating the environment of an individual in the hope of a real-time response, but alternatives4 Searching for Fundamentals and Commonalities of Search John M. C. Hutchinson, David W. Stephens- tempt to put research on search from their own discipline into a framework that might help identify
Common Psychiatric Diseases and Human Genetic Variation
O. Mukherjee; Q. Saleem; M. Purushottam; A. Anand; S. K. Brahmachari; S. Jain
Objective: A better understanding of human genetic variation is important in assessing disease epidemiology and phenotypic variation, and may be critical in evaluating genetic aspects of common genetic diseases, such as schizophrenia, bipolar disease and Parkinson's. These diseases are particularly difficult to investigate as there are few peripheral markers, and although a genetic aetiology has long been suspected, robust findings
Free-ranging common nighthawks use torpor
Quinn E. Fletcher; Ryan J. Fisher; Craig K. R. Willis; R. Mark Brigham
Bouts of torpor are characterized by substantial reductions in body temperature and metabolic rate. Many birds in the order Caprimulgiformes use torpor; however, there is conflicting evidence whether or not Common Nighthawks (Chordeiles minor) have this ability. The purpose of our study was to examine whether free-ranging nighthawks enter torpor. Three out of eight birds that were monitored entered torpor
A programmer's guide to COMMON LISP
Tatar, D.G.
This book presents basic and advanced material on COMMON LISP. Topics covered are as follows: introduction to LISP; data types and evaluation; writing procedures; variables; recursion, iteration, and ''PROGN-TYPE'' forms; interactions with the outside world; manipulating data; using procedures as data; advanced concepts; compilation; macros; and extended example: a toy expert system.
Common deletion polymorphisms in the human genome
Steven A McCarroll; Tracy N Hadnott; George H Perry; Pardis C Sabeti; Michael C Zody; Jeffrey C Barrett; Stephanie Dallaire; Stacey B Gabriel; Charles Lee; Mark J Daly; David M Altshuler
The locations and properties of common deletion variants in the human genome are largely unknown. We describe a systematic method for using dense SNP genotype data to discover deletions and its application to data from the International HapMap Consortium to characterize and catalogue segregating deletion variants across the human genome. We identified 541 deletion variants (94% novel) ranging from 1
Brown and Lau: Seeking the Common Ground.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Feinberg, Rosa Castro
Analyzes commonalities between "Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas" and "Lau v. Nichols" compliance efforts and outcomes, recommending strategies for the next decade, including reduction of residential segregation, desegregation by socioeconomic status, untracking, funding initiatives, family friendly policies, and involvement by…
Restrained Teaching: The Common Core of Didaktik
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Hopmann, Stefan
"Didaktik" is at the centre of most school teaching and teacher education in Continental Europe, but at the same time almost unknown in the English speaking world. The article gives a brief outline of the history and the common core of Didaktik, of its current situation, and of the basic differences compared to the Anglo-American concept of…
Thomas Jefferson University Jefferson Digital Commons
Popovic, Milos R.
Thomas Jefferson University Jefferson Digital Commons Department of Physical Therapy Faculty Papers Susan Duff Thomas Jefferson University, firstname.lastname@example.com Milos R Popovic University of Toronto is a service of Thomas Jefferson University's Academic & Instructional Support & Resources Department (AISR
Technology Transfer Automated Retrieval System (TEKTRAN)
Bean rust is a serious fungal disease that limits common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) production worldwide. The disease can be adequately controlled by genetic resistance in the host. For bean rust, as with most host/hypervariable pathogen interactions, co-evolution of numerous resistance genes and ...
Laying a Common Foundation for Success
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Rothman, Robert
For decades, the American elementary and secondary education system has operated somewhat as the railroads did before Lincoln's day, with each state setting its own expectations for what students should know and be able to do. To address that problem, nearly every state, with little fanfare, has adopted the Common Core State Standards for student…
The Common Core of Data (CCD), a program of the U.S. Department of Education's National Center for Education Statistics, is a comprehensive, annual, national statistical databaseof information concerning allpublic elementary and secondary schools (approximately 95,000) and school...
Common Criteria Set for Federal Research
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Sparks, Sarah D.
As part of an effort to improve the quality of educational research and make it less balkanized, the National Science Foundation (NSF) and the Institute of Education Sciences (IES) have introduced a common set of evidence standards for federally funded work. The criteria will guide all new research at the IES, the U.S. Department of Education's…
Electronic Common Technical Document Implementation in Japan
Kiyohito Nakai; Yasuhiro Araki; Daigoro Ebina; Taku Watanabe; Yumi Tanaka; Satoshi Toyoshima
The main missions of the Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency (PMDA) are the review of drug applications and also being in charge of the electronic common technical document (eCTD) regulations in the review process. However, we believe that we should consider enhancing eCTD implementation with other activities in electronic standardization of clinical trials. With this sense, the Ministry of Health,
Common Core Exploring Language Literacy in
Thaxton, Christopher S.
Common Core Standards Exploring Language Literacy in Middle & Secondary Science (ELLMS2 ) Sponsored teachers interested in Becoming adolescent literacy experts Forming a professional learning community to discuss and evaluate literacy learning Becoming peer-coaches for their local and regional colleagues
Solving the 10 Most Common Carpet Problems.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Hilton, Michael
Identifies the 10 most common carpet problems in school facilities and offers solutions. These include: transition areas, moisture, spot removal, recurring spots, cleaning agents, allergens, wicking, biological contamination, equipment selection, and cleaning methods. Ensuring a successful maintenance program results in satisfactory appearance,…
Science To Serve the Common Good.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Brewer, Garry D.
Reviews "Upstream: Salmon and Society in the Pacific Northwest", a report produced by a committee of the National Research Council that offers a model of a new and better approach to addressing environmental problems that could enable science to serve the common good. Demonstrates a successful approach to doing science and contributing to society.…
The psychology of coordination and common knowledge.
Thomas, Kyle A; DeScioli, Peter; Haque, Omar Sultan; Pinker, Steven
Research on human cooperation has concentrated on the puzzle of altruism, in which 1 actor incurs a cost to benefit another, and the psychology of reciprocity, which evolved to solve this problem. We examine the complementary puzzle of mutualism, in which actors can benefit each other simultaneously, and the psychology of coordination, which ensures such benefits. Coordination is facilitated by common knowledge: the recursive belief state in which A knows X, B knows X, A knows that B knows X, B knows that A knows X, ad infinitum. We test whether people are sensitive to common knowledge when deciding whether to engage in risky coordination. Participants decided between working alone for a certain profit and working together for a potentially higher profit that they would receive only if their partner made the same choice. Results showed that more participants attempted risky coordination when they and their prospective partner had common knowledge of the payoffs (broadcast over a loudspeaker) than when they had only shared knowledge (conveyed to both by a messenger) or private knowledge (revealed to each partner separately). These results support the hypothesis that people represent common knowledge as a distinct cognitive category that licenses them to coordinate with others for mutual gain. We discuss how this hypothesis can provide a unified explanation for diverse phenomena in human social life, including recursive mentalizing, performative speech acts, public protests, hypocrisy, and self-conscious emotional expressions. PMID:25111301
Common Questions Why should I soil test?
Isaacs, Rufus
Common Questions Why should I soil test? Soil testing is an important diagnostic tool to evaluate nutrient imbalances and understand plant growth. The most important reason to soil test is to have a basis for intelligent application of fertilizer and lime. Testing also allows for growers and homeowners to maintain
Customary Law in Common Law Systems
Gordon R. Woodman
Drawing on the experience of the operation of customary law accumulated in common law colonial and post-colonial African countries, I seek to contribute to answers to two questions. The first concerns the significance of the rule of law in development; my tentative answer will be that it is indeed significant, but not at all in the manner or for the
Clusiaceae (St. Johnswort family) Common St. Johnswort
Clusiaceae (St. Johnswort family) Common St. Johnswort Hypericum perforatum L. Life cycle to identifying Christmas tree weeds. #12;Clusiaceae (St. Johnswort family) Stems Erect with numerous branches.75 inch wide, often with several black dots along the petal margins. Fruit are capsules with three cells
Information Commons Help Desk Transactions Study
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Wong, Gabrielle K. W.
With the purpose of designing a training program for a new team serving at a technology service point, the author analyzed the transactions log using a new, multi-faceted, taxonomy. The resulting list of competencies and the methodology would be useful for managers of information or learning commons. (Contains 5 tables.)
Lesson Planning with the Common Core
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Estes, Linda A.; McDuffie, Amy Roth; Tate, Cathie
Planning a lesson can be similar to planning a road trip--a metaphor the authors use to describe how they applied research and theory to their lesson planning process. A map and mode of transportation, the Common Core State Standards for Mathematics (CCSSM) and textbooks as resources, can lead to desired destinations, such as students engaging in…
Canada, Copyright, and the Common Good
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Haslett, K. Mark
Advocacy on public policy issues such as copyright is a common concern of the Association of Research Libraries (ARL) and the Canadian Association of Research Libraries (CARL). Duane Webster has been instrumental in facilitating a collaborative approach to such advocacy. Part of this involves concerted efforts to ensure that fair use (United…
Common beans, diseases: ecology and control
Technology Transfer Automated Retrieval System (TEKTRAN)
Common bean, Phaseolus vulgaris, is one of the most important edible legume crops worldwide, nutritionally and economically. Diseases caused by pathogens that affect beans can have catastrophic effects, destroying entire crops in some instances. There are more than 200 pathogens (bacterial, fungal,...
GAISEing into the Common Core of Statistics
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Groth, Randall E.; Bargagliotti, Anna E.
In education, it is common to set aside older curriculum documents when newer ones are released. In fact, some instructional leaders have encouraged the "out with the old, in with the new" process by asking teachers to turn in all copies of the older document. Doing so makes sense when the old curriculum document is incompatible with the new.…
Hysteresis errors of commonly used sensor materials
Bulent Aydemir; Levent Yagmur; Sinan Fank
In this study, the hysteresis errors of 17-4 PH precipitation hardened stainless steel, aged Cu–Be (copper beryllium) alloy and AISI 4340 steel, which are commonly used as spring materials for sensors, were determined. Various heat treatment processes were applied to the samples of sensor materials in order to decrease the hysteresis error. The effect of the microstructure on the hysteresis
Pokemon Cards and the Shortest Common Superstring
Mark Stamp; Austin E Stamp
Evidence is presented that certain sequences of Pokemon cards are determined by selecting consecutive elements from a longer sequence. We then consider the problem of recovering the shortest common superstring (SCS), i.e., the shortest string that contains each of the Pokemon card sequences as a consecutive substring. The SCS problem arises in many applications, most notably in DNA sequencing.
Reactivity of macroprolactin in common automated immunoassays
Wolfgang Schneider; Sorana Marcovitz; Sameer Al-Shammari; Silene Yago; Simone Chevalier
Objectives: To evaluate a simple assay for macroprolactin for use with the Bayer Immuno 1 analyzer, and to compare the reactivity of macroprolactin in commonly used automated prolactin assays.Methods: Macroprolactin in serum was precipitated in a buffer containing 13.3% polyethylene glycol (PEG) 8000, redissolved, and assayed on the Bayer Immuno 1 for PRL. Presence of macroprolactin was confirmed in some
Reproductive Advantages for Common Loons Using Rafts
Artificial nesting islands, or rafts, are often deployed in common loon (Gavia immer) breeding territories to decrease negative impacts of mammalian predation and water-level fluctuations on nesting success. The management value of rafts has been demonstrated in other studies; however, no published studies have quantified the use or associated reproductive benefits of rafts on lakes exhibiting water-level fluctuations. These lakes
Silence and the Notion of the Commons.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Franklin, Ursula
Stresses the value of silence, the right to have silence, and how technology has manipulated the sound environment and therefore taken silence out of common availability. Discusses noise pollution and the manipulative use of sound for private gain. Suggests taking action to restore the right to silence. (LP)
Common Core State Standards for Mathematics
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Common Core State Standards Initiative, 2011
For over a decade, research studies of mathematics education in high-performing countries have pointed to the conclusion that the mathematics curriculum in the United States must become substantially more focused and coherent in order to improve mathematics achievement in this country. To deliver on the promise of common standards, the standards…
Why the Common Core Changes Math Instruction
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Faulkner, Valerie N.
The Common Core math standards promote several important differences in how math concepts are taught and should be talked about. These changes will make it easier for younger students to comprehend and adapt to more complex concepts in the later grades. This guide should help elementary teachers make changes and adaptations that are in line the…
Towards a Common Human Gesture Description Language
Kölsch, Mathias
. In this paper, we suggest a way to unify ef- forts from various fields to describe body language and ges- tures not only for mixed re- ality, but also for video annotation, psychological experiments, body languageTowards a Common Human Gesture Description Language Mathias K¨olsch & Craig Martell Department
Common expression analysis in database applications
Sheldon J. Finkelstein
Independent optimization of database requests overlooks potential savings which can be achieved when they are optimized collectively. An intuitive model for queries called the query graph supports common expression detection for optimization of a stream of requests. We describe how ad hoc query processing can be improved using intermediate results and answers produced from earlier queries, without significantly impacting processing
Whose Norm?1 Common Sense, Reasoning, & Rationality
Shapiro, Stuart C.
Whose Norm?1 Common Sense, Reasoning, & Rationality Edited by Renée Elio, Oxford University Press, Reasoning, & Rationality is a collection of 11 papers based on some of the invited talks at the Eleventh Reasoning and Rationality, and, indeed, that is the phrase used in the title of the editor's introductory
Some Sri Lankan common pot-herbs.
Liyanaratne, Jinadas
As a follow-up of the articles of R. Brindha and S. Parvathy, ASL, XXII, 2003, 166-168, fifteen edible plants of South Asian ecosystem, commonly used in Sri Lankan cuisine, are dealt with in view of their ethnobotanical and ehtonomedical value. Their vernacular names (Sanskrit, Sinhala, and Tamil given here) often reveal different botanical features and medicinal properties. PMID:22557115
Common Math Tracking Courses Traditional Courses
Miller, Joseph S.
Common Math Tracking Courses Traditional Courses Math 112 College Algebra 3 cr. Math 113 Trigonometry 2 cr. Math 114 Precalculus (112+113) 5 cr. Math 221 Calculus 1 5 cr. Hybrid Courses Calc 1 with Precalc I Math 171 5 cr. (only offered in Fall) Calc 1 with Precalc II Math 217 5 cr. (only offered
The Tragedy of the Common School
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Copeland, Mo
Horace Mann's vision of a common school to educate American children has not been realized. Instead, our country is experimenting with many different kinds of schools: charters, independents, parochials, and magnets, to name a few. These schools fill a particular niche for families, with the potential to focus education to the needs of each child.…
Commonalities in Values among Mental Health Counselors.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Consoli, Andres J.; Williams, Laurie M.
Mental-health counselors (N=161) from Buenos Aires, Argentina, who ascribed to distinct theoretical orientations were surveyed with regard to their personal and mental-health values. This study provides further empirical input on what the values commonalities are even among counselors who profess distinct theoretical orientations and have a…
Rare and common variants: twenty arguments
Greg Gibson
Genome-wide association studies have greatly improved our understanding of the genetic basis of disease risk. The fact that they tend not to identify more than a fraction of the specific causal loci has led to divergence of opinion over whether most of the variance is hidden as numerous rare variants of large effect or as common variants of very small
Common File Formats in Rosetta Steven Combs
Meiler, Jens
://www.rosettacommons.org/manuals/archive/rosetta3.2 _user_guide/resfiles.html header> start #12;Params Files · Definition for residuesCommon File Formats in Rosetta Steven Combs #12;The Files · Flags/Option files · Resfiles · Params in 3 different ways space / tab indented Fixbb.release @options.txt database -in -file -s 1
Communication Is Key to Common Core
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Maunsell, Patricia A.
States, districts, and schools must work to develop effective implementation and communications plans around the Common Core State Standards and aligned assessments. The Education Trust commissioned research on the communication of changes to state assessments in the recent past and lessons learned from that effort identify key elements of an…
NATO initial common operational picture capability project
Laura Fanti; David Beach
The Common Operational Picture (COP) capability can be defined as the ability to display on a single screen integrated views of the Recognized Maritime, Air and Ground Pictures, enriched by other tactical data, such as theater plans, assets, intelligence and logistics information. The purpose of the COP capability is to provide military forces a comprehensive view of the battle space,
Nexus: A Common Substrate for Cluster Computing
Benjamin Hindman; Andy Konwinski; Matei Zaharia; Ali Ghodsi; Anthony D. Joseph; Scott Shenker; Ion Stoica
Cluster computing has become mainstream, resulting in the rapid creation and adoption of diverse cluster com- puting frameworks. We believe that no single frame- work will be optimal for all applications, and that orga- nizations will instead want to run multiple frameworks in the same cluster. Furthermore, to ease development of new frameworks, it is critical to identify common ab-
Design of common communication platform of microgrid
Rui Bi; Ming Ding; Ting Ting Xu
Communication system in microgrid is very important to microgrid operation. Except for meeting the demand of reliability, it should fulfill the characteristics of plug and play, dispersion in distributed devices, and the need of data information in controlling. A constraint set and a common communication platform are designed considering architecture and control of microgrid. In the process of designing platform,
How ASCD Supports the Common Core
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Mercado, Efrain; Britt, Sherida
As the Common Core State Standards Initiative moved from the development and adoption of the standards to their implementation, ASCD embarked on a multifaceted program to help educators understand and implement the new standards. With support from a $3 million grant from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, ASCD has enacted a three-pronged…
A Common Factors Approach to Psychotherapy Training
Louis G. Castonguay
This article addresses training in psychotherapy integration from the perspective of common factors. Problems related to this training perspective are first reviewed. As an attempt to deal with such problems, current teaching and supervision efforts by the author are briefly described. Based on a developmental model of clinical learning, a sketch of a more comprehensive program of integrative psychotherapy training
Common skin disorders of the penis.
Buechner, S A
Diseases of the male genitalia range from infectious lesions to inflammatory and neoplastic conditions, including many genital manifestations of more general skin diseases. This review highlights the clinical features, diagnosis and treatment of the most common dermatoses of the male genitalia. Herpes genitalis and infections caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) are increasing, particularly in young sexually active people. Herpes simplex virus infection is the commonest infectious cause of genital ulceration, with evidence that many infections are asymptomatic. HPV infection may be latent, subclinical and clinical. The most common causal agents for condyloma acuminatum are low-risk HPV 6 and 11; high-risk HPV types 16 and 18 are associated with premalignant and malignant lesions. Treatment for genital warts remains unsatisfactory; recurrences are common. Imiquimod, a new topical immunotherapeutic agent, which induces interferon and other cytokines, has the potential to be a first-line therapy for genital warts. Scabies and pediculosis are transmitted by skin-to-skin contact and sexual transmission is common, with the penis and scrotum favourite locations for scabious lesions. Oral ivermectin, a highly active antiparasitic drug, is likely to be the treatment of choice, but until approval is granted it should be reserved for special forms of scabies. Common skin diseases, e.g. psoriasis and lichen planus, may have an atypical appearance in the genital area. The typical psoriatic scale is usually not apparent because of moisture and maceration. Allergic contact dermatitis of the genital area may result from condoms, lubricants, feminine hygiene deodorant spray and spermicides. More often, contact dermatitis is irritant, resulting from persistent moisture and maceration. Lichen sclerosus is a chronic inflammatory disease that occurs as atrophic white patches on the glans penis and foreskin. The penile form is a common cause of phimosis in uncircumcised men; involvement of the urethral meatus may lead to progressive meatal stenosis. Plasma cell balanitis is a benign, idiopathic condition presenting as a solitary, smooth, shiny, red-orange plaque of the glans and prepuce of a middle-aged to older man. Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in situ, e.g. erythroplasia of Queyrat and Bowen's disease, cannot be excluded clinically; their apparent clinical benignity may lead to lengthy periods of misdiagnosis and biopsy is required to confirm the diagnosis. SCC is the most common malignancy of the penis and the role of oncogenic HPV-types has been also established in SCC of the penis. Prevention of SCC of the penis presupposes an identification of risk factors, early detection of all pre-cancerous lesions and treatment of phimosis. PMID:12175386
Development of candidate gene markers associated to common bacterial blight resistance in common bean
Technology Transfer Automated Retrieval System (TEKTRAN)
Common bacterial blight (CBB), caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. phaseoli (Xap), is a major yield-limiting factor of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) production around the world. Two major CBB-resistant quantitative trait loci (QTL), linked to the sequence characterized amplified region marker...
Progress in breeding Andean common bean for resistance to common bacerial blight
Technology Transfer Automated Retrieval System (TEKTRAN)
Common bacterial blight is a severe disease of common bean worldwide. Use of resistant cultivars is crucial for its control. The objectives were: 1. assess the progress made in breeding large-seeded Andean bean developed between 1974 and 2010, and 2. determine their resistance-linked SCAR marker com...
Comparing the Common Core State Standards in Mathematics and the NAEP Framework. Achieving the Common Core
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Achieve, Inc., 2010
Through the Common Core State Standards (CCSS) Initiative, states and territories have collaborated in the development of a common core of standards in English Language Arts and mathematics for grades kindergarten through twelve that are now being adopted by states. Designed not only for the purpose of providing strong, shared expectations, the…
Business cycle comovement in the G-7: common shocks or common transmission mechanisms?
Fabio C. Bagliano; Claudio Morana
What are the sources of macroeconomic comovement among G-7 countries? Two main candidate explanations may be singled out: common shocks and common transmission mechanisms. In the article it is shown that they are complementary, rather than alternative, explanations. By means of a large-scale Factor Vector Autoregressive (FVAR) model, allowing for full economic and statistical identification of all global and idiosyncratic
Commonality analysis as a knowledge acquisition problem
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Yeager, Dorian P.
Commonality analysis is a systematic attempt to reduce costs in a large scale engineering project by discontinuing development of certain components during the design phase. Each discontinued component is replaced by another component that has sufficient functionality to be considered an appropriate substitute. The replacement strategy is driven by economic considerations. The System Commonality Analysis Tool (SCAT) is based on an oversimplified model of the problem and incorporates no knowledge acquisition component. In fact, the process of arriving at a compromise between functionality and economy is quite complex, with many opportunities for the application of expert knowledge. Such knowledge is of two types: general knowledge expressible as heuristics or mathematical laws potentially applicable to any set of components, and specific knowledge about the way in which elements of a given set of components interrelate. Examples of both types of knowledge are presented, and a framework is proposed for integrating the knowledge into a more general and useable tool.
Thematic relations affect similarity via commonalities.
Golonka, Sabrina; Estes, Zachary
Thematic relations are an important source of perceived similarity. For instance, the rowing theme of boats and oars increases their perceived similarity. The mechanism of this effect, however, has not been specified previously. The authors investigated whether thematic relations affect similarity by increasing commonalities or by decreasing differences. In Experiment 1, thematic relations affected similarity more than difference, thereby producing a noninversion of similarity and difference. Experiment 2 revealed substantial individual variability in the preference for thematic relations and, consequently, in the noninversion of ratings. In sum, the experiments demonstrated a noninversion of similarity and difference that was caused by thematic relations and exhibited primarily by a subgroup of participants. These results indicate that thematic relations affect perceived similarity by increasing the contribution of commonalities rather than by decreasing the contribution of differences. PMID:19857016
Heavy metals in common foodstuff: Daily intake
Tsoumbaris, P.; Tsoukali-Papadopoulou, H. (Univ. of Thessaloniki (Greece))
Lately, toxic effects of some heavy metals (Pb, Cd) as well as desirable ones of some others (Ni, Mn, Zn) have been a field of thorough investigation. The main way of human body fortification in metals is through foodchain depending on the kind and quantity of the consumed food, according to dietary habits. The purpose of this study is the calculation of metals daily intake through common foodstuff of Greek inhabitants. The calculation is based on results from quantitative analysis of Pb, Cd, Ni, Mn, and Zn in common foodstuff from the market of the city of Thessaloniki. The daily food consumption data is derived from three sources: (a) answers to a questionnaire distributed to families of the city of Thessaloniki, (b) nutrition data provided by the Agricultural Bank of Greece and (c) nutrition data according to international bibliography.
Common-path spectral phase microscopy
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Cardenas, Nelson; Mohanty, Samarendra
Quantitative phase microscopy is an emerging non-contact method for quantifying physical properties (refractive index, thickness) of materials. The high spatial resolution achieved with millisecond-scale resolution using this non-staining method over a wide-field of view is highly advantageous for mapping dynamic changes in the sample properties due to temperature, pressure and molecular interactions. Since refractive index dispersion is intrinsic to a material, he spectral measurement of refractive index changes will allow characterization and analytical quantification of material. Here, we introduce common-path spectral phase microscopic (CP-SPM) imaging of microscopic objects. CP-SPM is based on a common path interferometer with a tunable laser beam With this method, we are able to characterize both the refractive index of particles over a continuous wavelength band, and also the characteristics of several types of particles simultaneously.
Investigating Common Descent: Formulating Explanations and Models
NSDL National Science Digital Library
This activity has students formulate explanations and models that simulate structural and biochemical data as they investigate the misconception that humans evolved from apes. Students should recognize that present-day species evolved from earlier species and the relatedness of organisms is the result of common ancestry. They will also discover that similarities among existing organisms provide evidence for evolution, anatomical similarities of living things reflect common ancestry, and all life forms use the same basic DNA building blocks. Basic concepts also include the fact that scientists pose, test, and revise multiple hypotheses to explain what they observe, our understanding of life through time is based upon multiple lines of evidence, the similarity of DNA nucleotide sequences can be used to infer the degree of kinship between species, and anatomical evidence is also used to infer lines of descent. This site includes a list of materials and all information required for this activity.
House of Commons Library Research Papers
NSDL National Science Digital Library
Great Britain. Parliament. House of Commons. Library.
The UK House of Commons has recently created a site that offers access to the full text of Research Papers (Adobe Acrobat [.pdf] format only) which are compiled for the benefit of British Members of Parliament by the staff of the House of Commons Library. An occasional series focusing on topics of current parliamentary interest, the papers, "aim to be politically impartial and contain factual information as well as a range of opinions on each subject covered." Recently released titles include: "EU Enlargement: The Political Process," "EU Enlargement: The Financial Consequences," "Northern Ireland: political developments since 1972," "The local elections of 7 May 1998 and the London Referendum," and "Unemployment by Constituency: Welfare-to-work groups - April 1998."
Lead poisoning in common loons (Gavia immer).
Locke, L N; Kerr, S M; Zoromski, D
Two emaciated common loons (Gavia immer) were believed to have died of lead poisoning when fragments of fishing lines and lead sinkers were discovered in their stomachs. Later a third emaciated loon, which had only the remnants of fishing line in its stomach, was suspected of being a possible lead-poisoning victim when all other test results were negative. The liver lead levels in the first two loons were 20.6 ppm and 46.1 ppm (wet weight), and the level in the third was 38.52 ppm (wet weight). Thirteen common loons dying of other causes had liver lead levels of less than 1 ppm (wet weight). PMID:7103895
Nickel hydrogen common pressure vessel battery development
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Jones, Kenneth R.; Zagrodnik, Jeffrey P.
Our present design for a common pressure vessel (CPV) battery, a nickel hydrogen battery system to combine all of the cells into a common pressure vessel, uses an open disk which allows the cell to be set into a shallow cavity; subsequent cells are stacked on each other with the total number based on the battery voltage required. This approach not only eliminates the assembly error threat, but also more readily assures equal contact pressure to the heat fin between each cell, which further assures balanced heat transfer. These heat fin dishes with their appropriate cell stacks are held together with tie bars which in turn are connected to the pressure vessel weld rings at each end of the tube.
Common Coil Magnet System for VLHC
Gupta, R.
This paper introduces the common coil magnet system for the proposed very large hadron collider (VLHC). In this system, the high energy booster (HEB), the injector to VLHC, is integrated as the iron dominated low field aperture within the coldmass of the common coil magnet design introduced earlier. This 4-in-1 magnet concept for a 2-in-1 machine should provide a major cost reduction in building and operating VLHC. Moreover, the proposed design reduces the field quality problems associated with the large persistent currents in Nb{sub 3}Sn magnets. The paper also shows that the geometric field harmonics can be made small. In this preliminary magnetic design. the current dependence in harmonics is significant but not umnanageable.
Quick Start Guide for Common Calculators
NSDL National Science Digital Library
Kuiper, Carol
Created by authors Carol Kuiper and Jack Tedeski, this site is a table of instructions for TI, Casio, HP, Sharp, and some common other brands of calculators. Instructions are given for how to enter data (both one and two variable), how to compute mean, standard deviation (both population and sample), correlation, linear regression coefficients, combinations, permutations, and (importantly) how to turn the calculator on and off.
Commonness and rarity in the marine biosphere.
Connolly, Sean R; MacNeil, M Aaron; Caley, M Julian; Knowlton, Nancy; Cripps, Ed; Hisano, Mizue; Thibaut, Loďc M; Bhattacharya, Bhaskar D; Benedetti-Cecchi, Lisandro; Brainard, Russell E; Brandt, Angelika; Bulleri, Fabio; Ellingsen, Kari E; Kaiser, Stefanie; Kröncke, Ingrid; Linse, Katrin; Maggi, Elena; O'Hara, Timothy D; Plaisance, Laetitia; Poore, Gary C B; Sarkar, Santosh K; Satpathy, Kamala K; Schückel, Ulrike; Williams, Alan; Wilson, Robin S
Explaining patterns of commonness and rarity is fundamental for understanding and managing biodiversity. Consequently, a key test of biodiversity theory has been how well ecological models reproduce empirical distributions of species abundances. However, ecological models with very different assumptions can predict similar species abundance distributions, whereas models with similar assumptions may generate very different predictions. This complicates inferring processes driving community structure from model fits to data. Here, we use an approximation that captures common features of "neutral" biodiversity models--which assume ecological equivalence of species--to test whether neutrality is consistent with patterns of commonness and rarity in the marine biosphere. We do this by analyzing 1,185 species abundance distributions from 14 marine ecosystems ranging from intertidal habitats to abyssal depths, and from the tropics to polar regions. Neutrality performs substantially worse than a classical nonneutral alternative: empirical data consistently show greater heterogeneity of species abundances than expected under neutrality. Poor performance of neutral theory is driven by its consistent inability to capture the dominance of the communities' most-abundant species. Previous tests showing poor performance of a neutral model for a particular system often have been followed by controversy about whether an alternative formulation of neutral theory could explain the data after all. However, our approach focuses on common features of neutral models, revealing discrepancies with a broad range of empirical abundance distributions. These findings highlight the need for biodiversity theory in which ecological differences among species, such as niche differences and demographic trade-offs, play a central role. PMID:24912168
A Review on Less-common Nanostructures
Oxana V. Kharissova; Boris I. Kharisov; Tomás Hernández García; Ubaldo Ortiz Méndez
Less-comon nanostructures (nanoforms) such as "nanodumbbells", "nanorices", "nanolines", "nanotowers", "nanoshuttles", "nanobowlings", "nanowheels", "nanofans", "nanopencils", "nanotrees", "nanoarrows", "nanonails", "nanobottles", or "nanovolcanoes", among many others, have been reviewed. A considerable part of these nanoforms corresponds to gold, zinc oxide, and several binary inorganic compounds that are widely used in electronics. Synthesis methods for obtaining less-common nanoforms include wet-chemistry and electrochemical techniques, laser
Growth hormone gene transfer in common carp
Gang Wu; Yonghua Sun; Zuoyan Zhu
The first successful case of transgenic fish was achieved in 1984. It is in a model system that the integration and expression of recombinant human growth hormone (hGH) in host red common carp (Cyprinus carpio, red var.) have been thoroughly studied. Recently, the integration sites have been recovered and characterized. Compared with non-transgenic peers, hGH-transgenic fish are prior in dietary
Distilling common randomness from bipartite quantum states
Igor Devetak; Andreas Winter
The problem of converting noisy quantum correlations between two parties into noiseless classical ones using a limited amount of one-way classical communication is addressed. A single-letter formula for the optimal trade-off between the extracted common randomness and classical communication rate is obtained for the special case of classical-quantum correlations. The resulting curve is intimately related to the quantum compression with
Bionomics of the common mosquitoes of Dacca
Mahmud-Ul Ameen; Muhammad Moizuddin
Mosquito-borne diseases, other than malaria, are becoming important public health problems in Bangladesh. Knowledge of the bionomics of the vector species is a pre-requisite for planning effective control measures against insect-borne diseases. With the above end in view, the bionomics of the common mosquitoes of Dacca city have been discussed under four headings, viz., seasonal prevalence, host preference, activity periods,
Bacterial clay authigenesis: a common biogeochemical process
Kurt O Konhauser; Matilde M Urrutia
Transmission electron microscopic (TEM) analyses of freshwater biofilms and bacterial cells, grown in experimental culture, have shown that these microorganisms are commonly associated with fine-grained (Fe, Al)-silicates of variable composition. The inorganic phases develop in a predictable manner, beginning with the adsorption of cationic iron to anionic cellular surfaces, supersaturation of the proximal fluid with Fe3+, nucleation and precipitation of
CARO – The Common Anatomy Reference Ontology
Melissa A. Haendel; Fabian Neuhaus; David Osumi-Sutherland; Paula M. Mabee; L. V. Mejino Jr; Chris J. Mungall; Barry Smith
The Common Anatomy Reference Ontology (CARO) is being developed to facilitate interoperability between existing anatomy ontologies\\u000a for different species, and will provide a template for building new anatomy ontologies. CARO has a structural axis of classification\\u000a based on the top-level nodes of the Foundational Model of Anatomy. CARO will complement the developmental process sub-ontology\\u000a of the GO Biological Process ontology,
Symbolic Lie algebras manipulations using COMMON LISP
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Cecchini, R.; Tarlini, M.
We present a description and an implementation of a program in COMMON LISP to perform symbolic computations in a given Lie algebra. Using the general definitions of vector space Lie algebra and enveloping algebra, the program is able to compute commutators, to evaluate similarity transformations and the general Baker-Campbell-Hausdorff formula. All the computations are exact, including numerical coefficients. For the interactive user an optional menu facility and online help are available. LISP knowledge is unnecessary.
The GPM Common Calibrated Brightness Temperature Product
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Stout, John; Berg, Wesley; Huffman, George; Kummerow, Chris; Stocker, Erich
The Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) project will provide a core satellite carrying the GPM Microwave Imager (GMI) and will use microwave observations from a constellation of other satellites. Each partner with a satellite in the constellation will have a calibration that meets their own requirements and will decide on the format to archive their brightness temperature (Tb) record in GPM. However, GPM multi-sensor precipitation algorithms need to input intercalibrated Tb's in order to avoid differences among sensors introducing artifacts into the longer term climate record of precipitation. The GPM Common Calibrated Brightness Temperature Product is intended to address this problem by providing intercalibrated Tb data, called "Tc" data, where the "c" stands for common. The precipitation algorithms require a Tc file format that is both generic and flexible enough to accommodate the different passive microwave instruments. The format will provide detailed information on the processing history in order to allow future researchers to have a record of what was done. The format will be simple, including the main items of scan time, latitude, longitude, and Tc. It will also provide spacecraft orientation, spacecraft location, orbit, and instrument scan type (cross-track or conical). Another simplification is to store data in real numbers, avoiding the ambiguity of scaled data. Finally, units and descriptions will be provided in the product. The format is built on the concept of a swath, which is a series of scans that have common geolocation and common scan geometry. Scan geometry includes pixels per scan, sensor orientation, scan type, and incidence angles. The Tc algorithm and data format are being tested using the pre-GPM Precipitation Processing System (PPS) software to generate formats and 1/0 routines. In the test, data from SSM/I, TMI, AMSR-E, and WindSat are being processed and written as Tc products.
Commonness and rarity in the marine biosphere
Connolly, Sean R.; MacNeil, M. Aaron; Caley, M. Julian; Knowlton, Nancy; Cripps, Ed; Hisano, Mizue; Thibaut, Loďc M.; Bhattacharya, Bhaskar D.; Benedetti-Cecchi, Lisandro; Brainard, Russell E.; Brandt, Angelika; Bulleri, Fabio; Ellingsen, Kari E.; Kaiser, Stefanie; Kröncke, Ingrid; Linse, Katrin; Maggi, Elena; O'Hara, Timothy D.; Plaisance, Laetitia; Poore, Gary C. B.; Sarkar, Santosh K.; Satpathy, Kamala K.; Schückel, Ulrike; Williams, Alan; Wilson, Robin S.
Explaining patterns of commonness and rarity is fundamental for understanding and managing biodiversity. Consequently, a key test of biodiversity theory has been how well ecological models reproduce empirical distributions of species abundances. However, ecological models with very different assumptions can predict similar species abundance distributions, whereas models with similar assumptions may generate very different predictions. This complicates inferring processes driving community structure from model fits to data. Here, we use an approximation that captures common features of "neutral" biodiversity models—which assume ecological equivalence of species—to test whether neutrality is consistent with patterns of commonness and rarity in the marine biosphere. We do this by analyzing 1,185 species abundance distributions from 14 marine ecosystems ranging from intertidal habitats to abyssal depths, and from the tropics to polar regions. Neutrality performs substantially worse than a classical nonneutral alternative: empirical data consistently show greater heterogeneity of species abundances than expected under neutrality. Poor performance of neutral theory is driven by its consistent inability to capture the dominance of the communities' most-abundant species. Previous tests showing poor performance of a neutral model for a particular system often have been followed by controversy about whether an alternative formulation of neutral theory could explain the data after all. However, our approach focuses on common features of neutral models, revealing discrepancies with a broad range of empirical abundance distributions. These findings highlight the need for biodiversity theory in which ecological differences among species, such as niche differences and demographic trade-offs, play a central role. PMID:24912168
Economics and the Tragedy of the Commons
NSDL National Science Digital Library
Betty Blecha
In both macroeconomics and microeconomics principles courses, economists teach the virtue of markets as an allocative mechanism. But markets sometimes fail. This example allows students to simulate the market failure associated with a common property resource, a salmon fishery, and evaluate ways to control fishing. The simulation also shows the distributional results of different allocative mechanisms. The simulation was developed by Paul Romer at Stanford University and is available on the Aplia web site.
Plutonium uptake by common soil aerobes
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
John, Seth; Rugglero, Christy; Hersman, Larry; Neu, Mary
Radionuclide contamination in soils and groundwater poses a risk to both human and environmental health. The DOE has identified 12 sites with significant U contamination in the soils and ground water, and 10 sites with Pu contamination.1 It is important to study the interactions of common soil microbes with these radionuclides both to understand the environmental fate of these contaminants and to evaluate the potential of biological techniques to remediate contaminated soils and water.
Consortia Provide Preview of Common Tests
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Gewertz, Catherine
As teachers begin shaping lessons for the common standards, many are wondering how to prepare their students for tests that won't be ready for at least two years. Sample items being drafted for those exams offer early ideas of what lies ahead. Two large groups of states are using federal Race to the Top money to create new suites of exams for the…
Monoterpene synthases from common sage (Salvia officinalis)
Rodney Bruce Croteau; Mitchell Lynn Wise; Eva Joy Katahira; Thomas Jonathan Savage
cDNAs encoding (+)-bornyl diphosphate synthase, 1,8-cineole synthase and (+)-sabinene synthase from common sage (Salvia officinalis) have been isolated and sequenced, and the corresponding amino acid sequences has been determined. Accordingly, isolated DNA sequences (SEQ ID No:1; SEQ ID No:3 and SEQ ID No:5) are provided which code for the expression of (+)-bornyl diphosphate synthase (SEQ ID No:2), 1,8-cineole synthase (SEQ
Kindergarten Common Core State Standards Flip Book
NSDL National Science Digital Library
This 42-page pdf document demonstrates the connections between the CCSS content standards and the mathematical practice standards. It is a compilation of research, standards from several states, instructional strategies, common misconceptions, and examples for each standard at the Kindergarten level. It is intended to help teachers understand what each standard means in terms of what students must know and be able to do. Additional flip books are cataloged separately for grades 1-5.
Vacuum Drying of Common Date Pulp Cubes
Hayet Amellal; Salem Benamara
Drying ability of date (Phoenix dactylifera L.) pulp cubes from three Algerian common varieties (Mech-Degla, Degla-Beida, and Frezza) were investigated. Drying process was carried out under partial vacuum (200 mbar) at 60, 80, and 100°C. Compared to the Newton model, the Henderson and Pabis model better described drying kinetic of Mech-Degla and Frezza pulps at 60 and 80°C with a mean
Races of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris, Fabaceae)
Shree P. Singh; Paul Gepts; Daniel G. Debouck
Evidence for genetic diversity in cultivated common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) is reviewed. Multivariate statistical analyses of morphological, agronomic, and molecular data, as well as other available\\u000a information on Latin American landraces representing various geographical and ecological regions of their primary centers\\u000a of domestications in the Americas, reveal the existence of two major groups of germplasm: Middle American and Andean South
Accepted Common Interest Community (CIC) Proposals.
These are the 18 accepted proposals for the three Common Interest Community (CIC) sessions at IAYT's Symposium on Yoga Therapy and Research (SYTAR), June 5-8, 2014, in Austin, Texas and published in the Final Program Guide and CIC Works for SYTAR 2014. The sessions were CIC#1 Rehab Professionals: Bridging the Past with the Future and CIC#2a & CIC#2b Mental, Emotional and Spiritual Health. PMID:25645135
Common themes in microbial pathogenicity revisited.
Finlay, B B; Falkow, S
Bacterial pathogens employ a number of genetic strategies to cause infection and, occasionally, disease in their hosts. Many of these virulence factors and their regulatory elements can be divided into a smaller number of groups based on the conservation of similar mechanisms. These common themes are found throughout bacterial virulence factors. For example, there are only a few general types of toxins, despite a large number of host targets. Similarly, there are only a few conserved ways to build the bacterial pilus and nonpilus adhesins used by pathogens to adhere to host substrates. Bacterial entry into host cells (invasion) is a complex mechanism. However, several common invasion themes exist in diverse microorganisms. Similarly, once inside a host cell, pathogens have a limited number of ways to ensure their survival, whether remaining within a host vacuole or by escaping into the cytoplasm. Avoidance of the host immune defenses is key to the success of a pathogen. Several common themes again are employed, including antigenic variation, camouflage by binding host molecules, and enzymatic degradation of host immune components. Most virulence factors are found on the bacterial surface or secreted into their immediate environment, yet virulence factors operate through a relatively small number of microbial secretion systems. The expression of bacterial pathogenicity is dependent upon complex regulatory circuits. However, pathogens use only a small number of biochemical families to express distinct functional factors at the appropriate time that causes infection. Finally, virulence factors maintained on mobile genetic elements and pathogenicity islands ensure that new strains of pathogens evolve constantly. Comprehension of these common themes in microbial pathogenicity is critical to the understanding and study of bacterial virulence mechanisms and to the development of new "anti-virulence" agents, which are so desperately needed to replace antibiotics. PMID:9184008
New Literacies and the Common Core
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Kist, William
It makes sense that an emphasis on new ways of reading and writing fits easily within the Common Core umbrella. After all, a primary thrust of the new standards is college and career readiness. How can young people be prepared to thrive in today's society--in which people are connected 24 hours a day by media and coworkers may well live in…
Transposition and its generalization in common marmosets.
Yamazaki, Yumiko; Saiki, Masakado; Inada, Masayuki; Iriki, Atsushi; Watanabe, Shigeru
Whether animals use relational cues in transposition tests has long been considered a controversial issue. In the present study, we examined whether common marmosets could generalize relational responses to untrained stimulus pairs and further apply these generalizations to unknown shapes. The subjects were trained to perform simple discrimination tasks using a pair of stimuli. The stimuli differed in size, and the subjects were required to select the larger or smaller of the 2 sizes, depending on the given contingencies. After experiencing several reversals, the subjects were examined using 2 different tests: transposition and shape generalization. In the transposition test trials, in which squares of different sizes than those used in the training trials were presented, the subjects selected the stimulus based on the relative size of the stimulus. In the shape generalization tests, sets of 5 novel shapes with the same relative sizes were presented with the training stimuli. The subjects' performance indicated successful transposition to the novel stimulus pairs, and further analysis showed that transposition was more likely to occur when the test stimuli shared physical features, such as the outer length and the number of line segments, with the trained stimuli. Thus, the present study demonstrated the robust ability of transposition in common marmosets based on relative size, both with and without common shape features, and offered a possible method for specifying the critical stimulus features through which transposition can be more readily observed. PMID:25545979
Commonly dysregulated genes in murine APL cells
Yuan, Wenlin; Payton, Jacqueline E.; Holt, Matthew S.; Link, Daniel C.; Watson, Mark A.; DiPersio, John F.; Ley, Timothy J.
To identify genes that are commonly dysregulated in a murine model of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), we first defined gene expression patterns during normal murine myeloid development; serial gene expression profiling studies were performed with primary murine hematopoietic progenitors that were induced to undergo myeloid maturation in vitro with G-CSF. Many genes were reproducibly expressed in restricted developmental "windows," suggesting a structured hierarchy of expression that is relevant for the induction of developmental fates and/or differentiated cell functions. We compared the normal myeloid developmental transcriptome with that of APL cells derived from mice expressing PML-RAR? under control of the murine cathepsin G locus. While many promyelocyte-specific genes were highly expressed in all APL samples, 116 genes were reproducibly dysregulated in many independent APL samples, including Fos, Jun, Egr1, Tnf, and Vcam1. However, this set of commonly dysregulated genes was expressed normally in preleukemic, early myeloid cells from the same mouse model, suggesting that dysregulation occurs as a "downstream" event during disease progression. These studies suggest that the genetic events that lead to APL progression may converge on common pathways that are important for leukemia pathogenesis. PMID:17008535
Tail Kinematics of Juvenile Common Snapping Turtles during Aquatic Walking
Blob, Richard W.
juvenile Common Snapping Turtles (Chelydra serpentina) during aquatic walking. Common Snapping Turtles hold Macrochelys temminicki and three Common Snapping Turtle species in the genus Chelydra; Phillips et al., 1996
29 CFR 779.224 - Common control in other cases.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR
...2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Common control in other cases. 779.224 Section 779.224...Enterprise Coverage Unified Operation Or Common Control § 779.224 Common control in other cases. (a) As stated in §...
29 CFR 779.224 - Common control in other cases.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR
...2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Common control in other cases. 779.224 Section 779.224...Enterprise Coverage Unified Operation Or Common Control § 779.224 Common control in other cases. (a) As stated in §...
29 CFR 779.224 - Common control in other cases.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR
...2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Common control in other cases. 779.224 Section 779.224...Enterprise Coverage Unified Operation Or Common Control § 779.224 Common control in other cases. (a) As stated in §...
How Common is Irritable Bowel Syndrome? Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is the most common
Virginia Tech
AND IBS Upper gastrointestinal (UGI) symptoms are commonly reported by IBS patients. 25 to 50% of patients). Overlapping symptoms are more challenging to separate and treat, as the treatments for IBS and UGI symptoms
Reduction of time lag in broadband cascode amplifiers of common-emitter common-base type
A. N. Gonchar-Bysh; D. I. Gritsak; B. I. Prots
A theoretical analysis is presented along with experimental results on the reduction of time lag in a direct-current broadband transistorized cascode amplifier of common-emitter - common-base type. The time lag is caused by disruption of thermal balance due to changes in the scattering power of the voltage-fed transistor. A method of minimum-time-lag design is presented.
Freeing data through The Polar Information Commons
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
de Bruin, Taco; Chen, Robert; Parsons, Mark; Carlson, David
The polar regions are changing rapidly with dramatic global effect. Wise management of resources, improved decision support, and effective international cooperation on resource and geopolitical issues require deeper understanding and better prediction of these changes. Unfortunately, polar data and information remain scattered, scarce, and sporadic. Inspired by the Antarctic Treaty of 1959 that established the Antarctic as a global commons to be used only for peaceful purposes and scientific research, we assert that data and information about the polar regions are themselves "public goods" that should be shared ethically and with minimal constraint. We therefore envision the Polar Information Commons (PIC) as an open, virtual repository for vital scientific data and information that would provide a shared, community-based cyber-infrastructure fostering innovation, improving scientific efficiency, and encouraging participation in polar research, education, planning, and management. The PIC will build on the legacy of the International Polar Year (IPY), providing a long-term framework for access to and preservation of both existing and future data and information about the polar regions. Rapid change demands rapid data access. The PIC system will enable scientists to quickly expose their data to the world and share them through open protocols on the Internet. A PIC digital label will alert users and data centers to new polar data and ensure that usage rights are clear. The PIC will utilize the Science Commons Protocol for Implementing Open Access Data, which promotes open data access through the public domain coupled with community norms of practice to ensure use of data in a fair and equitable manner. A set of PIC norms is currently being developed in consultation with key polar data organizations and other stakeholders. We welcome inputs from the broad science community as we further develop and refine the PIC approach and move ahead with implementation.
Freeing data through The Polar Information Commons
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
de Bruin, T.; Chen, R. S.; Parsons, M. A.; Carlson, D. J.
The polar regions are changing rapidly with dramatic global effect. Wise management of resources, improved decision support, and effective international cooperation on resource and geopolitical issues require deeper understanding and better prediction of these changes. Unfortunately, polar data and information remain scattered, scarce, and sporadic. Inspired by the Antarctic Treaty of 1959 that established the Antarctic as a global commons to be used only for peaceful purposes and scientific research, we assert that data and information about the polar regions are themselves "public goods" that should be shared ethically and with minimal constraint. We therefore envision the Polar Information Commons (PIC) as an open, virtual repository for vital scientific data and information that would provide a shared, community-based cyber-infrastructure fostering innovation, improving scientific efficiency, and encouraging participation in polar research, education, planning, and management. The PIC will build on the legacy of the International Polar Year (IPY), providing a long-term framework for access to and preservation of both existing and future data and information about the polar regions. Rapid change demands rapid data access. The PIC system will enable scientists to quickly expose their data to the world and share them through open protocols on the Internet. A PIC digital label will alert users and data centers to new polar data and ensure that usage rights are clear. The PIC will utilize the Science Commons Protocol for Implementing Open Access Data, which promotes open data access through the public domain coupled with community norms of practice to ensure use of data in a fair and equitable manner. A set of PIC norms is currently being developed in consultation with key polar data organizations and other stakeholders. We welcome inputs from the broad science community as we further develop and refine the PIC approach and move ahead with implementation.
Freeing data through The Polar Information Commons
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
de Bruin, T.; Chen, R. S.; Parsons, M. A.; Carlson, D. J.; Cass, K.; Finney, K.; Wilbanks, J.; Jochum, K.
The polar regions are changing rapidly with dramatic global effect. Wise management of resources, improved decision support, and effective international cooperation on resource and geopolitical issues require deeper understanding and better prediction of these changes. Unfortunately, polar data and information remain scattered, scarce, and sporadic. Inspired by the Antarctic Treaty of 1959 that established the Antarctic as a global commons to be used only for peaceful purposes and scientific research, we assert that data and information about the polar regions are themselves "public goods" that should be shared ethically and with minimal constraint. ICSU's Committee on Data (CODATA) therefore started the Polar Information Commons (PIC) as an open, virtual repository for vital scientific data and information. The PIC provides a shared, community-based cyber-infrastructure fostering innovation, improving scientific efficiency, and encouraging participation in polar research, education, planning, and management. The PIC builds on the legacy of the International Polar Year (IPY), providing a long-term framework for access to and preservation of both existing and future data and information about the polar regions. Rapid change demands rapid data access. The PIC system enables scientists to quickly expose their data to the world and share them through open protocols on the Internet. A PIC digital label will alert users and data centers to new polar data and ensure that usage rights are clear. The PIC utilizes the Science Commons Protocol for Implementing Open Access Data, which promotes open data access through the public domain coupled with community norms of practice to ensure use of data in a fair and equitable manner. A set of PIC norms has been developed in consultation with key polar data organizations and other stakeholders. We welcome inputs from the broad science community as we further develop and refine the PIC approach and move ahead with implementation.
Demography and the Tragedy of the Commons
Frank, Steven A.
Individual success in group-structured populations has two components. First, an individual gains by outcompeting its neighbors for local resources. Second, an individual's share of group success must be weighted by the total productivity of the group. The essence of sociality arises from the tension between selfish gains against neighbors and the associated loss that selfishness imposes by degrading the efficiency of the group. Without some force to modulate selfishness, the natural tendencies of self interest typically degrade group performance to the detriment of all. This is the tragedy of the commons. Kin selection provides the most widely discussed way in which the tragedy is overcome in biology. Kin selection arises from behavioral associations within groups caused either by genetical kinship or by other processes that correlate the behaviors of group members. Here, I emphasize demography as a second factor that may also modulate the tragedy of the commons and favor cooperative integration of groups. Each act of selfishness or cooperation in a group often influences group survival and fecundity over many subsequent generations. For example, a cooperative act early in the growth cycle of a colony may enhance the future size and survival of the colony. This time-dependent benefit can greatly increase the degree of cooperation favored by natural selection, providing another way in which to overcome the tragedy of the commons and enhance the integration of group behavior. I conclude that analyses of sociality must account for both the behavioral associations of kin selection theory and the demographic consequences of life history theory. PMID:19912449
Kantarci, Kejal; Petersen, Ronald C.; Boeve, Bradley F.; Knopman, David S.; Tang-Wai, David F.; O'Brien, Peter C.; Weigand, Stephen D.; Edland, Steven D.; Smith, Glenn E.; Ivnik, Robert J.; Ferman, Tanis J.; Tangalos, Eric G.; Jack, Clifford R.
Objective To determine the 1H MR spectroscopic (MRS) findings and inter-group differences among common dementias: Alzheimer's disease (AD), vascular dementia (VaD), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), and frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD). Methods We consecutively recruited 206 normal elderly, 121 patients with AD, 41 with FTLD, 20 with DLB, and 8 with VaD. We evaluated the 1H MRS metabolite ratio changes in common dementias with respect to normal, and also differences among the common dementias. Results N-acetylaspartate/Creatine (NAA/Cr) was lower than normal in patients with AD, FTLD, and VaD. Myo-inositol (mI)/Cr was higher than normal in patients with AD and FTLD. Choline (Cho)/Cr was higher than normal in patients with, AD, FTLD, and DLB. There were no metabolite differences between patients with AD and FTLD, nor between patients with DLB and VaD. NAA /Cr was lower in patients with AD and FTLD than DLB. MI /Cr was higher in patients with AD and FTLD than VaD. MI /Cr was also higher in patients with FTLD than DLB. Conclusions NAA/Cr levels are decreased in dementias that are characterized by neuron loss such as AD, FTLD, and VaD. MI/Cr levels are elevated in dementias that are pathologically characterized by gliosis such as AD and FTLD. Cho/Cr levels are elevated in dementias that are characterized by a profound cholinergic deficit such as AD and DLB. PMID:15505154
Treatment of the common cold with troxerutin.
Turner, Ronald B; Fowler, Sandra L; Berg, Kurt
The rutosides are naturally occurring flavonoids that have documented effects on capillary permeability and edema. The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of troxerutin, one of the rutosides, on the symptoms of the common cold. Ninety-four volunteers with common cold symptoms were recruited for participation in the study. Volunteers were randomized to either active treatment (n=49) with troxerutin (50 mg) and Zn gluconate (25 mg) or control treatment (n=45) with 10 mg Zn gluconate. Symptoms were assessed by subjective symptom score prior to treatment and then daily for the next 4 days. The total symptom score over the 4 days of study treatment was 27.7+/-2.0 (mean+/-SEM) and 33.0+/-2.6 in the active and control groups, respectively (p=0.10, unpaired t-test). The total daily symptom score on day 1 was reduced by 11% compared to baseline in the active group and by 1% in the control group (p=0.03). Evaluation of the effect of treatment on individual symptoms revealed a significant effect on rhinorrhea. The total rhinorrhea score over the course of the study was 3.7+/-0.4 in the active group compared to 5.1+/-0.5 in the control group (p=0.025, unpaired t-test). Daily rhinorrhea scores were significantly lower in the active group on study days 1 and 3. Based on this preliminary study, the possibility that the rutosides might provide a safe and effective treatment for rhinorrhea in the common cold deserves systematic evaluation. PMID:15601310
Commonality in Down and Fetal Alcohol Syndromes
Solzak, Jeffrey P.; Liang, Yun; Zhou, Feng C.; Roper, Randall J.
BACKGROUND Down syndrome (DS) and Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) are two leading causes of birth defects with phenotypes ranging from craniofacial abnormalities to cognitive impairment. Despite different origins, we report that in addition to sharing many phenotypes, DS and FAS may have common underlying mechanisms of development. METHODS Literature was surveyed for DS and FAS as well as mouse models. Gene expression and apoptosis were compared in embryonic mouse models of DS and FAS by qPCR, immunohistochemical and immunoflurorescence analyses. The craniometry was examined using MicroCT at postnatal day 21. RESULTS A literature survey revealed over 20 comparable craniofacial and structural deficits in both humans with DS and FAS and corresponding mouse models. Similar phenotypes were experimentally found in pre- and postnatal craniofacial and neurological tissues of DS and FAS mice. Dysregulation of two genes, Dyrk1a and Rcan1, key to craniofacial and neurological precursors of DS, was shared in craniofacial precursors of DS and FAS embryos. Increased cleaved caspase 3 expression was also discovered in comparable regions of the craniofacial and brain precursors of DS and FAS embryos. Further mechanistic studies suggested overexpression of trisomic Ttc3 in DS embyros may influence nuclear pAkt localization and cell survival. CONCLUSIONS This first and initial study indicates that DS and FAS share common dysmorphologies in humans and animal models. This work also suggests common mechanisms at cellular and molecular levels that are disrupted by trisomy or alcohol consumption during pregnancy and lead to craniofacial and neurological phenotypes associated with DS or FAS. PMID:23554291
The goal of the common coil magnet R&D program at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) is to develop a 12.5 T, 40 mm aperture dipole magnet using ''React and Wind Technology'' with High Temperature Superconductors (HTS) playing a major role. Due to its ''conductor friendly'' nature, the common coil design is attractive for building high field 2-in-1 dipoles with brittle materials such as HTS and Nb{sub 3}Sn. At the current rate of development, it is expected that a sufficient amount of HTS with the required performance would be available in a few years for building a short magnet. In the interim, the first generation dipoles will be built with Nb{sub 3}Sn superconductor. They will use a ''React and Wind'' technology similar to that used in HTS and will produce a 12.5 T central field in a 40 mm aperture. The Nb{sub 3}Sn coils and support structure of this magnet will become a part of the next generation hybrid magnet with inner coils made of HTS. To develop various aspects of the technology in a scientific and experimental manner, a 10-turn coil program has been started in parallel. The program allows a number of concepts to be evaluated with a rapid throughput in a cost-effective way. Three 10-turn Nb{sub 3}Sn coils have been built and one HTS coil is under construction. The initial test results of this ''React & Wind'' 10-turn coil program are presented. It is also shown that a common coil magnet design can produce a field quality that is as good as a conventional cosine theta design.
Common therapeutic factors in bereavement groups.
Rice, Alexander
Group therapy remains a popular treatment format for individuals experiencing bereavement. Although many innovative group treatments for grief are being developed, common therapeutic factors can also contribute to outcomes. The author integrates research on group therapy processes and treatment for grief, and examines evidence regarding group therapeutic factors that may influence bereavement group outcomes. Specifically, research on therapeutic factors related to sharing and support, interpersonal learning, and meaning-making is highlighted where it has relevance to bereavement groups. Potential research examining the interactions of these processes, their effects on group functioning and outcomes, and the moderators of these effects are discussed. PMID:25530427
Common problems and pitfalls in gear design
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Townsend, Dennis P.
There are several pitfalls and problems associated with the successful design of a new gear transmission. A new design will require the knowledge and experience of several technical areas of engineering. Most of the pitfalls and problems associated with a new design are related to an inadequate evaluation of several areas, such as, the lubrication and cooling requirements, complete static and dynamic load analysis, evaluation of materials and heat treatment and the latest manufacturing technology. Some of the common problems of the gear design process are discussed with recommendations made for avoiding these conditions.
Symbolic superalgebra manipulations using common lisp
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Cecchini, R.; Tarlini, M.
We present a description and an implementation of a program in COMMON LISP to perform symbolic computations in a given Lie superalgebra. Using the results of our previous paper, the program is able to compute commutators, to evaluate similarity transformations and the general Baker-Campbell-Hausdorff formula in the general framework of the Z 2 graded algebras. The parameters are defined as Grassmann or even and treated symbolically. It is possible to perform calculations on finite super Poisson algebras. For the interactive user an optional menu facility and online help are available. LISP knowledge is unnecessary.
Two new faint common proper motion pairs
Maria Ruiz; Jose Maza
Spectrophotometry of the common proper motion pairs ES0439-162\\/163 and ES0440-55a\\/55b shows that the first is formed by an mv=18.8 magnetic DQ white dwarf and an mv=19.8 DC9 white dwarf separated by 23. ES0440-55a\\/SSb has an mv=20.2 red dwarf (ST=M5.1) component and a DZ7 white dwarf with mv=19.3, their angular separation being 5.4\\
Two new faint common proper motion pairs
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Ruiz, Maria Teresa; Maza, Jose
Spectrophotometry of the common proper motion pairs ESO439-162/163 and ESO440-55a/55b shows that the first is formed by an m(V) = 18.8 magnetic DQ white dwarf and an m(V) = 19.8 DC9 white dwarf separated by 23 arcsec. ESO440-55a/55b has an m(V) = 20.2 red dwarf (ST = M5.1) component and a DZ7 white dwarf with m(V) = 19.3, their angular separation being 5.4 arcsec.
Hernández, Carlos A; Ruiz, Isabel C; Villegas, Juan P; Duque, Diego L
Common hippopotami ( Hippopotamus amphibius ) introduced to Colombia in the 80s have since spread into livestock areas. Measures such as breeding control are needed to prevent further uncontrolled population growth. A young female hippopotamus was moved to a university veterinary hospital and anesthetized. Laparoscopic ovariectomy was attempted, but because of the difficulty of inserting the trocars in an apparently lax peritoneum, lateral laparotomy was performed. Both ovaries were transected with the use of an ultrasonic hemostatic device and clamping. Patient recovery was completely successful and the wound healed with few complications. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report describing a successful ovariectomy in a hippopotamus. PMID:26056898
Common and Natural Logarithms and Solving Equations
NSDL National Science Digital Library
Students continue an examination of logarithms in the Research and Revise stage by studying two types of logarithms—common logarithms and natural logarithm. In this study, they take notes about the two special types of logarithms, why they are useful, and how to convert to these forms by using the change of base formula. Then students see how these types of logarithms can be applied to solve exponential equations. They compute a set of practice problems and apply the skills learned in class.
Antioxidative activities in some common seaweeds.
Yan, X; Nagata, T; Fan, X
Dietary antioxidants from plants are believed to help prevent aging and other diseases through radical scavenging activity. Free radical scavenging activities by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay and deoxyribose assay were ascertained among 27 species of common seaweeds using a sequential extraction method. The results indicated that, DPPH scavenging activity existed in 15 species; Gelidium amansii, Gloiosiphonia capillaris, Polysiphonia urceolata, Sargassum kjellmanianum, Desmarestia viridis, and Rhodomela teres showed the strongest activities. On the other hand, the deoxyribose results showed that almost all the seaweed species had good ability to scavenge hydroxyl radicals. The most active species were Rhodomela teres and Chorda filum. PMID:9950086
Common plankton of Twin Lakes, Colorado
Lieberman, D.M.
A series of studies is being performed to evaluate the effects of the Mt. Elbert Pumped-Storage Powerplant on the ecology of Twin Lakes. Twin Lakes are a pair of connected dimictic lakes, formed as the result of glacial action on alluvial deposits. This report presents a taxonomic species study of the common plankton collected since 1974 from Twin Lakes. A total of 11 zooplankters and 14 phytoplankters were identified from the limnetic zone of Twin Lakes and the associated Mt. Elbert Forebay. The four divisions of zooplankton included four species of Rotifera (rotifer), three species of Copepoda (copepod), three species of Cladocera (cladoceran), and one species of Mysidacea (opossum shrimp).
The Most Common Errors in Undergraduate Mathematics
NSDL National Science Digital Library
Schechter, Eric
Both students and teachers of undergraduate mathematics courses are likely to find some useful insights on this Web site. As the old saying goes, it is best to hear things straight from the horse's mouth; indeed, The Most Common Errors in Undergraduate Mathematics was compiled by a math professor at Vanderbilt University. It contains many observations about unwarranted generalizations, algebra mistakes, ambiguous notation, and communication errors that are frequently committed by students and teachers. Despite being funny at times, all of the errors cited have probably been experienced by anyone who has enrolled in or taught such courses. The author welcomes contributions.
Common world model for unmanned systems
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Dean, Robert Michael S.
The Robotic Collaborative Technology Alliance (RCTA) seeks to provide adaptive robot capabilities which move beyond traditional metric algorithms to include cognitive capabilities. Key to this effort is the Common World Model, which moves beyond the state-of-the-art by representing the world using metric, semantic, and symbolic information. It joins these layers of information to define objects in the world. These objects may be reasoned upon jointly using traditional geometric, symbolic cognitive algorithms and new computational nodes formed by the combination of these disciplines. The Common World Model must understand how these objects relate to each other. Our world model includes the concept of Self-Information about the robot. By encoding current capability, component status, task execution state, and histories we track information which enables the robot to reason and adapt its performance using Meta-Cognition and Machine Learning principles. The world model includes models of how aspects of the environment behave, which enable prediction of future world states. To manage complexity, we adopted a phased implementation approach to the world model. We discuss the design of "Phase 1" of this world model, and interfaces by tracing perception data through the system from the source to the meta-cognitive layers provided by ACT-R and SS-RICS. We close with lessons learned from implementation and how the design relates to Open Architecture.
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Horton, B.; Kemp, A.; Kopp, R. E., III
The Atlantic coast of North America provides a sedimentary record of Common Era sea levels with the resolution to identify the mechanisms that cause spatial variability in sea-level rise. This coast has a small tidal range, improving the precision of sea-level reconstructions. Coastal subsidence (from glacial isostatic adjustment, GIA) creates accommodation space that is filled by salt-marsh peat and preserves accurate and precise sea-level indicators and abundant material for radiocarbon dating. In addition, the western North Atlantic Ocean is sensitive to spatial variability in sea-level change, because of static equilibrium effects from melting of the Greenland Ice Sheet, ocean circulation and wind-driven variability in the Gulf Stream and GIA induced land-level change from ongoing collapse of Laurentide forbuldge. We reveal three distinct patters in sea-level during the Common Era along the North American Atlantic coast, likely linked to wind-driven changes in the Gulf Stream: (1) Florida, sea level is essentially flat, with the record dominated by long-term geological processes; (2) North Carolina, sea level falls to a minimum near the beginning of the second millennium, climbing to an early Little Ice Age maximum in the fifteenth century, and then declining through most of the nineteenth century; and (3) New Jersey, a sea-level maximum around 900 CE, a sea-level minimum around 1500 CE, and a long-term sea-level rise through the second half of the second millennium. We combine the salt-marsh data from North American Atlantic coast with tide-gauge records and lower resolution proxies from the northern and southern hemispheres. We apply a noisy-input Gaussian process spatio-temporal modeling framework, which identifies a long-term falling global mean sea-level (GMSL), interrupted in the middle of the 19th century by an acceleration yielding a 20th century rate of rise extremely likely (probability P = 0:95) faster than any previous century in the Common Era.
The opportunities for and challenges of common integrated electronics
J. R. Nelson; Bernard L. Retterer; Harley A. Cloud
This document summarizes a portion of IDA's work concerning common integrated electronics and the potential cost savings of using common electronic hardware and software. It addresses trends in avionics costs and recent experiences in applying common electronic standards to weapon programs as a way to reduce costs. The following essential elements of a program to acquire common integrated electronics are
Hemochromatosis. More common than you think.
Borgaonkar, Mark Ram
OBJECTIVE: To review current knowledge of the genetics, presentation, diagnosis, and management of hereditary hemochromatosis. QUALITY OF EVIDENCE: MEDLINE was searched from January 1966 to June 2002, and references of relevant papers were reviewed. Most articles were reviews, practice guidelines, or observational studies. Several randomized controlled trials were identified but none studied primary therapy for hemochromatosis. MAIN MESSAGE: Hemochromatosis, the most common genetic disease in white populations, has a prevalence of one in 200, yet is still underrecognized. This disease of unregulated iron absorption leads to generalized iron overload that can eventually impair organ systems and lead to cirrhosis, diabetes, and cardiomyopathy. Symptoms are often nonspecific and patients are identified by mild abnormalities in routine laboratory testing. Transferrin saturation, ferritin levels, and genotyping can often establish the diagnosis. Iron depletion therapy with phlebotomy is helpful if initiated before organ damage occurs. CONCLUSION: Family physicians should be aware that hemochromatosis can be treated effectively if diagnosed early. PMID:12602841
Cellular antioxidant activity of common fruits.
Wolfe, Kelly L; Kang, Xinmei; He, Xiangjiu; Dong, Mei; Zhang, Qingyuan; Liu, Rui Hai
Measurement of antioxidant activity using biologically relevant assays is important in the screening of fruits for potential health benefits. The cellular antioxidant activity (CAA) assay quantifies antioxidant activity in cell culture and was developed to meet the need for a more biologically representative method than the popular chemistry antioxidant capacity measures. The objective of the study was to determine the cellular antioxidant activity, total phenolic contents, and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) values of 25 fruits commonly consumed in the United States. Pomegranate and berries (wild blueberry, blackberry, raspberry, and blueberry) had the highest CAA values, whereas banana and melons had the lowest. Apples were found to be the largest contributors of fruit phenolics to the American diet, and apple and strawberries were the biggest suppliers of cellular antioxidant activity. Increasing fruit consumption is a logical strategy to increase antioxidant intake and decrease oxidative stress and may lead to reduced risk of cancer. PMID:18759450
Common dermatologic manifestations of primary immune deficiencies.
Relan, Manisha; Lehman, Heather K
The skin is the largest organ of our body; it consists of the epidermis, dermis, hair follicles, sweat glands, blood vessels, and connective tissue matrix. Its main function is to act as a barrier to the outside world and protect us from infections. Any component of the skin is subject to insults from the environment and/or from within the body. Primary immune deficiency patients present with recurrent or prolonged infections not frequently seen in healthy individuals. Oftentimes, these infections involve the skin. Primary immune deficiency may also present with noninfectious cutaneous signs, such as eczema; erythroderma; granulomas; dysplasia of the skin, hair, nails, or teeth; pigmentary changes; angioedema; urticaria; vasculitis; or autoimmune skin disease due to immune dysregulation. Prompt recognition of the underlying diagnosis and initiation of treatment decrease morbidity. This review provides the reader with an up-to-date summary of the common dermatologic manifestations of primary immune deficiency diseases. PMID:25269404
GRANULOMATOUS DISEASE in COMMON VARIABLE IMMUNODEFICIENCY#
Ardeniz, Ömür; Cunningham-Rundles, Charlotte
Granulomatous disease occurs in 8-22% of patients with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID). We examined the clinical and immunologic information of all 37 of 455 (8.1%) CVID subjects with this complication. The median age at diagnosis of CVID was 26 (2 - 59). 14 had granulomas 1 - 18 years before diagnosis of CVID. In 6 detection of granulomas coincided with this diagnosis; for 17, granulomas were documented later. 54% had lung granulomas, 43% in lymph nodes and 32% in liver. 54% of the group had had autoimmune diseases, mostly immune thrombocytopenia and hemolytic anemia. 24% had had a splenectomy. Nineteen (51.3%) required steroid treatment for granulomas; other immune suppressants were used in some. Over 25 years 28.5% died (median age 37.5), but not significantly more when compared to our CVID patients without granulomas (19.8%). Those with lung granulomas had similar mortality to those with granulomas in other tissues. PMID:19716342
Common postural defects among music students.
Blanco-Pińeiro, Patricia; Díaz-Pereira, M Pino; Martínez, Aurora
Postural quality during musical performance affects both musculoskeletal health and the quality of the performance. In this study we examined the posture of 100 students at a Higher Conservatory of Music in Spain. By analysing video tapes and photographs of the students while performing, a panel of experts extracted values of 11 variables reflecting aspects of overall postural quality or the postural quality of various parts of the body. The most common postural defects were identified, together with the situations in which they occur. It is concluded that most students incur in unphysiological postures during performance. It is hoped that use of the results of this study will help correct these errors. PMID:26118530
CMLOG: A common message logging system
Chen, J.; Akers, W.; Bickley, M.; Wu, D.; Watson, W. III [Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, VA (United States). Control Software Group
The Common Message Logging (CMLOG) system is an object-oriented and distributed system that not only allows applications and systems to log data (messages) of any type into a centralized database but also lets applications view incoming messages in real-time or retrieve stored data from the database according to selection rules. It consists of a concurrent Unix server that handles incoming logging or searching messages, a Motif browser that can view incoming messages in real-time or display stored data in the database, a client daemon that buffers and sends logging messages to the server, and libraries that can be used by applications to send data to or retrieve data from the database via the server. This paper presents the design and implementation of the CMLOG system meanwhile it will also address the issue of integration of CMLOG into existing control systems.
Solving multi-leader-common-follower games.
Leyffer, S.; Munson, T.; Mathematics and Computer Science
Multi-leader-common-follower games arise when modelling two or more competitive firms, the leaders, that commit to their decisions prior to another group of competitive firms, the followers, that react to the decisions made by the leaders. These problems lead in a natural way to equilibrium problems with equilibrium constraints (EPECs). We develop a characterization of the solution sets for these problems and examine a variety of nonlinear optimization and nonlinear complementarity formulations of EPECs. We distinguish two broad cases: problems where the leaders can cost-differentiate and problems with price-consistent followers. We demonstrate the practical viability of our approach by solving a range of medium-sized test problems.
Property rights, genes, and common good.
Reed, Esther D
This paper applies aspects of Hugo Grotius's theologically informed theory of property to contemporary issues concerning access to the human DNA sequence and patenting practices. It argues that Christians who contribute to public debate in these areas might beneficially employ some of the concepts with which he worked--notably "common right," the "right of necessity," and "use right." In the seventeenth century, wars were fought over trading rights and access to the sea. In the twenty-first century, information and intellectual property are the issues of the day. Grotius's writings serve to correct the overemphasis in modern liberalism on individual rights, and have practical application to the debate concerning the reduction of the human genome to the status of private property. PMID:17144023
Algorithmic commonalities in the parallel environment
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Mcanulty, Michael A.; Wainer, Michael S.
The ultimate aim of this project was to analyze procedures from substantially different application areas to discover what is either common or peculiar in the process of conversion to the Massively Parallel Processor (MPP). Three areas were identified: molecular dynamic simulation, production systems (rule systems), and various graphics and vision algorithms. To date, only selected graphics procedures have been investigated. They are the most readily available, and produce the most visible results. These include simple polygon patch rendering, raycasting against a constructive solid geometric model, and stochastic or fractal based textured surface algorithms. Only the simplest of conversion strategies, mapping a major loop to the array, has been investigated so far. It is not entirely satisfactory.
Common Methodology for Efficient Airspace Operations
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Sridhar, Banavar
Topics include: a) Developing a common methodology to model and avoid disturbances affecting airspace. b) Integrated contrails and emission models to a national level airspace simulation. c) Developed capability to visualize, evaluate technology and alternate operational concepts and provide inputs for policy-analysis tools to reduce the impact of aviation on the environment. d) Collaborating with Volpe Research Center, NOAA and DLR to leverage expertise and tools in aircraft emissions and weather/climate modeling. Airspace operations is a trade-off balancing safety, capacity, efficiency and environmental considerations. Ideal flight: Unimpeded wind optimal route with optimal climb and descent. Operations degraded due to reduction in airport and airspace capacity caused by inefficient procedures and disturbances.
Common Origin of Visible and Dark Universe
Gu, Pei-Hong
Dark matter, baryonic matter and dark energy have different properties but contribute comparable energy density to the present Universe. We point out that they may have a common origin. As the dark energy has a scale far lower than all known scales in particle physics but very close to neutrino masses, while the excess matter over antimatter in the baryonic sector is probably related to the neutrino mass-generation, we unify the origin of dark and visible Universe in a variant of seesaw model. In our model (i) the dark matter relic density is a dark matter asymmetry emerged simultaneously with the baryon asymmetry from leptogenesis; (ii) the dark energy is due to a pseudo-Nambu-Goldstone-Boson associated with the neutrino mass-generation.
Common Origin of Visible and Dark Universe
Pei-Hong Gu; Utpal Sarkar
Dark matter, baryonic matter and dark energy have different properties but contribute comparable energy density to the present Universe. We point out that they may have a common origin. As the dark energy has a scale far lower than all known scales in particle physics but very close to neutrino masses, while the excess matter over antimatter in the baryonic sector is probably related to the neutrino mass-generation, we unify the origin of dark and visible Universe in a variant of seesaw model. In our model (i) the dark matter relic density is a dark matter asymmetry emerged simultaneously with the baryon asymmetry from leptogenesis; (ii) the dark energy is due to a pseudo-Nambu-Goldstone-Boson associated with the neutrino mass-generation.
Common origin of visible and dark universe
Gu Peihong [Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics, Strada Costiera 11, 34014 Trieste (Italy); Sarkar, Utpal [Physical Research Laboratory, Ahmedabad 380009 (India)
Dark matter, baryonic matter, and dark energy have different properties but contribute comparable energy density to the present Universe. We point out that they may have a common origin. As the dark energy has a scale far lower than all known scales in particle physics but very close to neutrino masses, while the excess matter over antimatter in the baryonic sector is probably related to the neutrino-mass generation, we unify the origin of the dark and visible universe in a variant of the seesaw model. In our model (i) the dark matter relic density is a dark matter asymmetry emerged simultaneously with the baryon asymmetry from leptogenesis; (ii) the dark energy is due to a pseudo-Nambu-Goldstone-Boson associated with the neutrino-mass generation.
Common modeling system for digital simulation
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Painter, Rick
The Joint Modeling and Simulation System is a tri-service investigation into a common modeling framework for the development digital models. The basis for the success of this framework is an X-window-based, open systems architecture, object-based/oriented methodology, standard interface approach to digital model construction, configuration, execution, and post processing. For years Department of Defense (DOD) agencies have produced various weapon systems/technologies and typically digital representations of the systems/technologies. These digital representations (models) have also been developed for other reasons such as studies and analysis, Cost Effectiveness Analysis (COEA) tradeoffs, etc. Unfortunately, there have been no Modeling and Simulation (M&S) standards, guidelines, or efforts towards commonality in DOD M&S. The typical scenario is an organization hires a contractor to build hardware and in doing so an digital model may be constructed. Until recently, this model was not even obtained by the organization. Even if it was procured, it was on a unique platform, in a unique language, with unique interfaces, and, with the result being UNIQUE maintenance required. Additionally, the constructors of the model expended more effort in writing the 'infrastructure' of the model/simulation (e.g. user interface, database/database management system, data journalizing/archiving, graphical presentations, environment characteristics, other components in the simulation, etc.) than in producing the model of the desired system. Other side effects include: duplication of efforts; varying assumptions; lack of credibility/validation; and decentralization in policy and execution. J-MASS provides the infrastructure, standards, toolset, and architecture to permit M&S developers and analysts to concentrate on the their area of interest.
Common optical interconnect for systems and sensors
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Stevens, Rick C.
This paper discusses the implementation of a single optical backbone interconnect that can accommodate the wide variety of information that must be exchanged within a typical avionics system. The building block elements of this common optical backbone are based on products that have been developed for the commercial telecommunications and cable TV industries. During the development of this architecture a subsystem interconnect domain analysis was performed. This analysis focused primarily on the three most demanding interconnect domains in an avionics system; 1) the Vehicle Management System (VMS), 2) the Integrated RF (IRF), and 3) the Integrated Core Processor (ICP). The results of this analysis were used to create an approach for a single fiber optic backbone connecting multiple systems and subsystems together. Each group of communication sources and destinations can use their native format (analog/digital), signaling rate (100KHz to 20GHz), protocol (Fibre Channel, ATM, Mil-Std-1553, etc.), and topology (linear ring, point- to-point). All of these communication types coexist on this single optical backbone. The interconnect media is generally topology, protocol, performance, and signaling format independent. A laboratory system has been developed and demonstrated using commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) components. This system can also be used to provide a common interconnect for a variety of fiber optic sensors used in the creation of smart structures. This can provide a single backbone, distributed throughout the platform, for sensors that exploit various optical properties. Some of the sensor types could be Fiber Bragg Gratings (FBGs), Extrinsic Fabry-Perot Interferometers (EFPIs), and Mach- Zehnder interferometers.
Common occupational classification system - revision 3
Stahlman, E.J.; Lewis, R.E.
Workforce planning has become an increasing concern within the DOE community as the Office of Environmental Restoration and Waste Management (ER/WM or EM) seeks to consolidate and refocus its activities and the Office of Defense Programs (DP) closes production sites. Attempts to manage the growth and skills mix of the EM workforce while retaining the critical skills of the DP workforce have been difficult due to the lack of a consistent set of occupational titles and definitions across the complex. Two reasons for this difficulty may be cited. First, classification systems commonly used in industry often fail to cover in sufficient depth the unique demands of DOE`s nuclear energy and research community. Second, the government practice of contracting the operation of government facilities to the private sector has introduced numerous contractor-specific classification schemes to the DOE complex. As a result, sites/contractors report their workforce needs using unique classification systems. It becomes difficult, therefore, to roll these data up to the national level necessary to support strategic planning and analysis. The Common Occupational Classification System (COCS) is designed to overcome these workforce planning barriers. The COCS is based on earlier workforce planning activities and the input of technical, workforce planning, and human resource managers from across the DOE complex. It provides a set of mutually-exclusive occupation titles and definitions that cover the broad range of activities present in the DOE complex. The COCS is not a required record-keeping or data management guide. Neither is it intended to replace contractor/DOE-specific classification systems. Instead, the system provides a consistent, high- level, functional structure of occupations to which contractors can crosswalk (map) their job titles.
Common Visual Pattern Discovery via Directed Graph.
Wang, Chen; Ma, Kai-Kuang
A directed graph (or digraph) approach is proposed in this paper for identifying all the visual objects commonly presented in the two images under comparison. As a model, the directed graph is superior to the undirected graph, since there are two link weights with opposite orientations associated with each link of the graph. However, it inevitably draws two main challenges: 1) how to compute the two link weights for each link and 2) how to extract the subgraph from the digraph. For 1), a novel n-ranking process for computing the generalized median and the Gaussian link-weight mapping function are developed that basically map the established undirected graph to the digraph. To achieve this graph mapping, the proposed process and function are applied to each vertex independently for computing its directed link weight by not only considering the influences inserted from its immediately adjacent neighboring vertices (in terms of their link-weight values), but also offering other desirable merits-i.e., link-weight enhancement and computational complexity reduction. For 2), an evolutionary iterative process for solving the non-cooperative game theory is exploited to handle the non-symmetric weighted adjacency matrix. The abovementioned two stages of processes will be conducted for each assumed scale-change factor, experimented over a range of possible values, one factor at a time. If there is a match on the scale-change factor under experiment, the common visual patterns with the same scale-change factor will be extracted. If more than one pattern are extracted, the proposed topological splitting method is able to further differentiate among them provided that the visual objects are sufficiently far apart from each other. Extensive simulation results have clearly demonstrated the superior performance accomplished by the proposed digraph approach, compared with those of using the undirected graph approach. PMID:24723536
EPR Correlations, Bell Inequalities and Common Cause Systems
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Hofer-Szabó, Gábor
Standard common causal explanations of the EPR situation assume a so-called joint common cause system that is a common cause for all correlations. However, the assumption of a joint common cause system together with some other physically motivated assumptions concerning locality and no-conspiracy results in various Bell inequalities. Since Bell inequalities are violated for appropriate measurement settings, a local, non-conspiratorial joint common causal explanation of the EPR situation is ruled out. But why do we assume that a common causal explanation of a set of correlation consists in finding a joint common cause system for all correlations and not just in finding separate common cause systems for the different correlations? What are the perspectives of a local, non-conspiratorial separate common causal explanation for the EPR scenario? And finally, how do Bell inequalities relate to the weaker assumption of separate common cause systems?
A new method to control common mode currents focusing on common mode current paths produced in motor drive systems
Nobuyoshi Mutoh; Masaki Kanesaki; Joji Nakashima; Mitsukatsu Ogata
A control method is studied which provides countermeasures for common mode currents, micro-surges and shaft currents appearing in motor drive systems. Flow of common mode currents differs between motor drive systems because common mode current paths are varied by the installation of the systems. First, EMI noise sources producing common mode currents are analyzed using simulations. Experimental results are compared
Rethinking Soils: an under-investigated commons?
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Short, Chrisopher; Mills, Jane; Ingram, Julie
In a number of global contexts there is a re-awakening of interest in soils in both increasing the resilience of complex social-ecological systems (SES) and as a result of the threats to them, as shown by the UN International Year of Soils in 2015. Consequently the management of soils and their wider role within property regimes and natural resource management might need to be reassessed. At the heart of this is the rise in awareness regarding the connectedness of SES, and in frameworks such as the Ecosystem Approach and the identification and analysis of Ecosystem Services. Whilst not new to some, it has widened the understanding among many, that soils have a valuable role to play in complex SES because they are a slow variable crucial to underlying structure of the SES. The conventional approach that soils are linked to the ecosystem services category of provisioning services (production of food, timber and fibre) remains valid. Not surprisingly this link is strong within natural resource management and property rights regimes but soils remain at risk for a range of threats, for example soil erosion and compaction, salinization, sealing, desertification, loss of organic matter and biodiversity and contamination. However, soils are increasingly seen as a slow variable that can lead to increased resilience within a SES and have a profound importance to human life through a range of regulating services including water quality and purification, water flow and attenuation and , pest and disease control. Given the long-standing importance of soil as a natural resource there are also accompanying legal systems, property regimes, societal values, knowledge, custom and traditions. However, in the light of the wider understanding soil functions are these social frameworks appropriate and fit for purpose or would a shared resource of commons approach be more appropriate. To some extent this examination would also extend to the presence of soils within the cultural services category of ecosystem services. As a result of the increasing evidence regarding soil threats, there is concern that the knowledge relating to soils is fragmented and incomplete. This is particular true regarding the complexity and functioning of soil systems and their interaction with human activities and the effectiveness of governance arrangements to promote resilience in the management of soils. Therefore discussions concerning soils needs to be taken from an interdisciplinary perspectives that embraces both natural and social sciences. This paper will seek to examine soils from a multi-scale governance/complex commons perspective. It will also consider how a commons perspective might be useful in reducing soil threats and in the development of effective prevention, remediation and restoration measures. This often requires a change in thinking about soil, perhaps considering it as a 'slow variable', able to drive long-term change or as a 'cultural asset' and 'knowledge resource'.
Common Ground with "A Common Faith": Dewey's Idea of the "Religious"
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Baurain, Bradley
In "A Common Faith", Dewey rejects organized religion and belief in the supernatural, instead arguing for an authentically "religious" attitude which this interpretive essay analyzes in terms of four propositions: (1) Knowledge is unified. (2) Knowledge is democratic. (3) The pursuit of moral ideals requires moral faith. (4) The authority for…
Common Core and the Uncommon Learner: How Autism Affects Acquisition of Common Core State Standards
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Marsh, Wendela Whitcomb
The Common Core State Standards (CCSS 2014a, b) are here to stay. State and local education agencies are responsible for ensuring that schools teach all students the core standards that they will need in college and the work force. However, the ever-growing population of students on the autism spectrum has unique learning needs which may make it…
Year 3 of Implementing the Common Core State Standards: States Prepare for Common Core Assessments
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Rentner, Diane Stark
With the voluntary Common Core State Standards (CCSS), states have sought to establish clear, high expectations that are consistent across participating states and that signal what K-12 students should learn in mathematics and English language arts (ELA) to be prepared for college and careers. As of July 2013, the CCSS have been adopted by 45…
Media Literacy Is Common Sense: Bridging Common Core Standards with the Media Experiences of Digital Learners
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Redmond, Theresa
The purpose of this article is to investigate the concept of "texts" and how the Common Core State Standards (CCSS) affords teachers opportunities to implement media literacy education, in turn providing developmentally and culturally responsive middle level practice and promoting 21st century skills. This has implications for middle…
Institutional property rights structure, common pool resource (CPR), tragedy of the urban commons: A Review
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Ling, G.; Ho, C. S.; Ali, H. M.
There have been a plethora of researches on the significance of public open space (POS) in contributing to societies' sustainability. However, by virtue of identified maladaptive policy-based-property rights structure, such a shared good becomes vulnerable to tragedy of the urban commons (overexploitation) that subsequently leads to burgeoning number of mismanaged POS e.g., degraded and unkempt urban public spaces. By scrutinising the literatures within property rights domain and commons resources, an objective is highlighted in this paper which is to insightfully discourse institutional property rights structure pertaining to the mechanism, roles and interrelationship between property-rights regimes, bundle of property rights and resource domains; types of goods on how they act upon and tie in the POS with the social quandary. In summary, urban POS tragedy can potentially be triggered by the institutional structure especially if the ownership is left under open-access resource regime and ill-defined property rights which both successively constitute the natures of Common Pool Resource (CPR) within the commons, POS. Therefore, this paper sparks an idea to policy makers that property rights structure is a determinant in sustainably governing the POS in which adaptive assignment of property regimes and property rights are impelled.
Childhood Obesity & Dental Disease: Common Causes, Common Solutions. Oral Health & Obesity Policy Brief
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Children Now, 2011
Too many California children suffer from high rates of preventable chronic conditions associated with childhood obesity and dental disease. The state is experiencing a crisis in both areas. Fortunately, common factors that contribute to both conditions--including the rates of breastfeeding, access to healthy food and the consumption of…
Common ethical issues in regenerative medicine.
Awaya, Tsuyoshi
One of the common ethical issues in regenerative medicine is progress in 'componentation' (= being treated as parts) of the human body, and the enhancement of the view of such "human body parts." 'Componentation' of the human body represents a preliminary step toward commodification of the human body. The process of commodification of the human body follows the steps of 'materialization' (= being treated as a material object) [first step] -- 'componentation' [second step] -- 'resourcialization' (= being treated as resources) [third step] -- commodification [fourth step]. Transplantation medicine and artificial organ developments have dramatically exposed the potential of organs and tissues as parts, and regenerative medicine has a role in advancing 'componentation' of the human body and further enhancing the view of human body parts. The 'componentation' of the human body, regardless of the degree of regenerative medicine's contribution to it, is considered as a challenge to the traditional view of human bodies and the abstract value of "Human Dignity" in the same way or alongside the 'resourcialization' and commodification. However, in the future, a new perspective of human bodies that means "a perspective whereby human bodies, organs, tissues, and even the bodies themselves are perceived as disposable tools like disposable cameras, syringes, or contact lens" and therefore a new ethical view, suitable for a new reality, may emerge. PMID:16637131
Social learning in common ravens, Corvus corax.
Fritz; Kotrschal
We conducted an experiment to investigate whether the presence of a conspecific model can promote the acquisition of a motor task in common ravens. For this purpose, dyads, either of control birds or of model-observer pairings, were allowed to operate together in an arena with a set of identical boxes. Each box consisted of two compartments each containing a reward of three pieces of meat. The compartments were closed by gliding lids with red flaps on their front, opening horizontally in opposite directions. Naive control individuals opened the lids exclusively by levering, that is, jumping on top of the box, inserting the beak at the posterior rim of the lid and pushing it open. Models were trained to demonstrate an alternative opening technique, pulling at the front flap, then jumping on top of the box to get at the reward. In contrast to the control birds, observers initially opened boxes both ways, by pulling and levering. Furthermore, observers approached the boxes more quickly and showed less fearful behaviour than the control birds, which we attribute to the enhancing effect of the model. We discuss both stimulus enhancement and motor imitation as possible learning mechanisms. Even though observers initially obtained a considerable amount of reward produced by the models, scrounging evidently did not inhibit learning. Copyright 1999 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour. PMID:10202087
Negative linear compressibility in common materials
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Miller, W.; Evans, K. E.; Marmier, A.
Negative linear compressibility (NLC) is still considered an exotic property, only observed in a few obscure crystals. The vast majority of materials compress axially in all directions when loaded in hydrostatic compression. However, a few materials have been observed which expand in one or two directions under hydrostatic compression. At present, the list of materials demonstrating this unusual behaviour is confined to a small number of relatively rare crystal phases, biological materials, and designed structures, and the lack of widespread availability hinders promising technological applications. Using improved representations of elastic properties, this study revisits existing databases of elastic constants and identifies several crystals missed by previous reviews. More importantly, several common materials—drawn polymers, certain types of paper and wood, and carbon fibre laminates—are found to display NLC. We show that NLC in these materials originates from the misalignment of polymers/fibres. Using a beam model, we propose that maximum NLC is obtained for misalignment of 26°. The existence of such widely available materials increases significantly the prospects for applications of NLC.
Extrachromosomal circular DNA is common in yeast
Mřller, Henrik D.; Parsons, Lance; Jřrgensen, Tue S.; Botstein, David; Regenberg, Birgitte
Examples of extrachromosomal circular DNAs (eccDNAs) are found in many organisms, but their impact on genetic variation at the genome scale has not been investigated. We mapped 1,756 eccDNAs in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae genome using Circle-Seq, a highly sensitive eccDNA purification method. Yeast eccDNAs ranged from an arbitrary lower limit of 1 kb up to 38 kb and covered 23% of the genome, representing thousands of genes. EccDNA arose both from genomic regions with repetitive sequences ?15 bases long and from regions with short or no repetitive sequences. Some eccDNAs were identified in several yeast populations. These eccDNAs contained ribosomal genes, transposon remnants, and tandemly repeated genes (HXT6/7, ENA1/2/5, and CUP1-1/-2) that were generally enriched on eccDNAs. EccDNAs seemed to be replicated and 80% contained consensus sequences for autonomous replication origins that could explain their maintenance. Our data suggest that eccDNAs are common in S. cerevisiae, where they might contribute substantially to genetic variation and evolution. PMID:26038577
Common attentional constraints in visual foraging.
Kristjánsson, Árni; Jóhannesson, Ómar I; Thornton, Ian M
Predators are known to select food of the same type in non-random sequences or "runs" that are longer than would be expected by chance. If prey are conspicuous, predators will switch between available sources, interleaving runs of different prey types. However, when prey are cryptic, predators tend to focus on one food type at a time, effectively ignoring equally available sources. This latter finding is regarded as a key indicator that animal foraging is strongly constrained by attention. It is unknown whether human foraging is equally constrained. Here, using a novel iPad task, we demonstrate for the first time that it is. Participants were required to locate and touch 40 targets from 2 different categories embedded within a dense field of distractors. When individual target items "popped-out" search was organized into multiple runs, with frequent switching between target categories. In contrast, as soon as focused attention was required to identify individual targets, participants typically exhausted one entire category before beginning to search for the other. This commonality in animal and human foraging is compelling given the additional cognitive tools available to humans, and suggests that attention constrains search behavior in a similar way across a broad range of species. PMID:24964082
Radiofrequency radiation effects on the common bean
Thomkins, K.; Griggs, L.; Myles, E.L. [Tennessee State Univ., Nashville, TN (United States)] [and others
Our environment is bombarded daily with thousands of objects we can visually detect. However, invisible to humans are the electromagnetic waves that penetrate our environment. Electromagnetic waves consist of a large spectrum of waves including the harmful gamma rays, x-rays, and ultraviolet rays. The question that has increased tremendously is: can low energy electromagnetic waves become harmful to living organisms? The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of radiofrequency radiation on protein synthesis of the common bean. Phaseolus vulgaris (kidney bean) was surface-sterilized and allowed to germinate on Mushurage and Skoog`s medium for 1 week. Hypocotyls were wounded and placed on media to initiate callus production. Six petri dishes containing 1 g of callus were used in the experiment. Three dishes were exposed to 100kH in a Crawford cell for 24h. The remaining three petri dishes with callus were used as a control. After the exposure period, the protein from callus was extracted and analyzed by one-dimensional gel electrophoresis. The results show that hypocotyl growth was not different between control and experimental groups after 24 h. The result of one-dimensional gel electrophoresis did not show observable differences in protein synthesized by the control and experimental groups. Analysis of protein synthesis is still ongoing.
Antioxidant and antiproliferative activities of common fruits.
Sun, Jie; Chu, Yi-Fang; Wu, Xianzhong; Liu, Rui Hai
Consumption of fruits and vegetables has been associated with reduced risk of chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease and cancer. Phytochemicals, especially phenolics, in fruits and vegetables are suggested to be the major bioactive compounds for the health benefits. However, the phenolic contents and their antioxidant activities in fruits and vegetables were underestimated in the literature, because bound phenolics were not included. This study was designed to investigate the profiles of total phenolics, including both soluble free and bound forms in common fruits, by applying solvent extraction, base digestion, and solid-phase extraction methods. Cranberry had the highest total phenolic content, followed by apple, red grape, strawberry, pineapple, banana, peach, lemon, orange, pear, and grapefruit. Total antioxidant activity was measured using the TOSC assay. Cranberry had the highest total antioxidant activity (177.0 +/- 4.3 micromol of vitamin C equiv/g of fruit), followed by apple, red grape, strawberry, peach, lemon, pear, banana, orange, grapefruit, and pineapple. Antiproliferation activities were also studied in vitro using HepG(2) human liver-cancer cells, and cranberry showed the highest inhibitory effect with an EC(50) of 14.5 +/- 0.5 mg/mL, followed by lemon, apple, strawberry, red grape, banana, grapefruit, and peach. A bioactivity index (BI) for dietary cancer prevention is proposed to provide a new alternative biomarker for future epidemiological studies in dietary cancer prevention and health promotion. PMID:12452674
Extrachromosomal circular DNA is common in yeast.
Mřller, Henrik D; Parsons, Lance; Jřrgensen, Tue S; Botstein, David; Regenberg, Birgitte
Examples of extrachromosomal circular DNAs (eccDNAs) are found in many organisms, but their impact on genetic variation at the genome scale has not been investigated. We mapped 1,756 eccDNAs in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae genome using Circle-Seq, a highly sensitive eccDNA purification method. Yeast eccDNAs ranged from an arbitrary lower limit of 1 kb up to 38 kb and covered 23% of the genome, representing thousands of genes. EccDNA arose both from genomic regions with repetitive sequences ?15 bases long and from regions with short or no repetitive sequences. Some eccDNAs were identified in several yeast populations. These eccDNAs contained ribosomal genes, transposon remnants, and tandemly repeated genes (HXT6/7, ENA1/2/5, and CUP1-1/-2) that were generally enriched on eccDNAs. EccDNAs seemed to be replicated and 80% contained consensus sequences for autonomous replication origins that could explain their maintenance. Our data suggest that eccDNAs are common in S. cerevisiae, where they might contribute substantially to genetic variation and evolution. PMID:26038577
Optical Reflectance Measurements for Commonly Used Reflectors
Janecek, Petr Martin; Moses, William
When simulating light collection in scintillators, modeling the angular distribution of optical light reflectance from surfaces is very important. Since light reflectance is poorly understood, either purely specular or purely diffuse reflectance is generally assumed. In this paper we measure the optical reflectance distribution for eleven commonly used reflectors. A 440 nm, output power stabilized, un-polarized laser is shone onto a reflector at a fixed angle of incidence. The reflected light's angular distribution is measured by an array of silicon photodiodes. The photodiodes are movable to cover 2 pi of solid angle. The light-induced current is, through a multiplexer, read out with a digital multimeter. A LabVIEW program controls the motion of the laser and the photodiode array, the multiplexer, and the data collection. The laser can be positioned at any angle with a position accuracy of 10 arc minutes. Each photodiode subtends 6.3o, and the photodiode array can be positioned at any angle with up to 10 arc minute angular resolution. The dynamic range for the current measurements is 105:1. The measured light reflectance distribution was measured to be specular for several ESR films as well as for aluminum foil, mostly diffuse for polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) tape and titanium dioxide paint, and neither specular nor diffuse for Lumirror(R), Melinex(R) and Tyvek(R). Instead, a more complicated light distribution was measured for these three materials.
Common Attentional Constraints in Visual Foraging
Kristjánsson, Árni; Jóhannesson, Ómar I.; Thornton, Ian M.
Predators are known to select food of the same type in non-random sequences or "runs" that are longer than would be expected by chance. If prey are conspicuous, predators will switch between available sources, interleaving runs of different prey types. However, when prey are cryptic, predators tend to focus on one food type at a time, effectively ignoring equally available sources. This latter finding is regarded as a key indicator that animal foraging is strongly constrained by attention. It is unknown whether human foraging is equally constrained. Here, using a novel iPad task, we demonstrate for the first time that it is. Participants were required to locate and touch 40 targets from 2 different categories embedded within a dense field of distractors. When individual target items "popped-out" search was organized into multiple runs, with frequent switching between target categories. In contrast, as soon as focused attention was required to identify individual targets, participants typically exhausted one entire category before beginning to search for the other. This commonality in animal and human foraging is compelling given the additional cognitive tools available to humans, and suggests that attention constrains search behavior in a similar way across a broad range of species. PMID:24964082
Common features of extraordinary rate theories.
Peters, Baron
We examine the capabilities and foundations of three landmark rate theories: harmonic transition state theory, classical nucleation theory, and the Marcus theory of electron transfer. Each of the three classic rate theories is widely used to predict rates and trends. They are also used "in reverse" to interpret experimental data with no computation at all. Their common foundations include a quasi-equilibrium assumption and dimensionality reduction to a physically meaningful, one-dimensional, and broadly applicable reaction coordinate. Many applications lie beyond the scope of the classic theories, so rare events research has pursued trajectory-based methods that efficiently predict accurate rate constants even when the reaction coordinate and mechanistic details are unknown. Trajectory based rare events methods achieved these ambitious goals, but (by construction) they provide rates rather than mechanistic understanding. We briefly discuss recent efforts to identify reaction coordinates, including methods which provide abstract statistically defined coordinates and those which identify physical collective variables. Finally, we note some natural synergies between existing simulation methods which might help discover simple and powerful quasi-equilibrium theories for the many applications that fall beyond the scope of the classic rate theories. PMID:25920343
Mutagenicity testing of some commonly used dyes.
Chung, K T; Fulk, G E; Andrews, A W
Seventeen commonly used dyes and 16 of their metabolites or derivatives were tested in the Salmonella-mammalian microsome mutagenicity test. Mutagens active with and without added Aroclor-induced rat liver microsome preparations (S9) were 3-aminopyrene, lithol red, methylene blue (USP), methyl yellow, neutral red, and phenol red. Those mutagenic only with S9 activation were 4-aminopyrazolone, 2,4-dimethylaniline, N,N-dimethyl-p-phenylenediamine, methyl red, and 4-phenyl-azo-1-naphthylamine. Orange II was mutagenic only without added S9. Nonmutagenic azo dyes were allura red, amaranth, ponceau R, ponceau SX, sunset yellow, and tartrazine. Miscellaneous dyes not mutagenic were methyl green, methyl violet 2B, and nigrosin. Metabolites of the azo dyes that were not mutagenic were 1-amino-2-naphthol hydrochloride, aniline, anthranilic acid, cresidine salt, pyrazolone T,R-amino salt (1-amino-2-naphthol-3,6-disulfonic disodium salt), R-salt, Schaeffer's salt (2-naphthol-6-sulfonic acid, sodium salt), sodium naphthionate, sulfanilamide, and sulfanilic acid. 4-Amino-1-naphthalenesulfonic acid sodium salt was also not mutagenic. Fusobacterium sp. 2 could reductively cleave methyl yellow to N,N-dimethyl-p-phenylenediamine which was then activated to a mutagen. PMID:7039509
Common IED exploitation target set ontology
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Russomanno, David J.; Qualls, Joseph; Wowczuk, Zenovy; Franken, Paul; Robinson, William
The Common IED Exploitation Target Set (CIEDETS) ontology provides a comprehensive semantic data model for capturing knowledge about sensors, platforms, missions, environments, and other aspects of systems under test. The ontology also includes representative IEDs; modeled as explosives, camouflage, concealment objects, and other background objects, which comprise an overall threat scene. The ontology is represented using the Web Ontology Language and the SPARQL Protocol and RDF Query Language, which ensures portability of the acquired knowledge base across applications. The resulting knowledge base is a component of the CIEDETS application, which is intended to support the end user sensor test and evaluation community. CIEDETS associates a system under test to a subset of cataloged threats based on the probability that the system will detect the threat. The associations between systems under test, threats, and the detection probabilities are established based on a hybrid reasoning strategy, which applies a combination of heuristics and simplified modeling techniques. Besides supporting the CIEDETS application, which is focused on efficient and consistent system testing, the ontology can be leveraged in a myriad of other applications, including serving as a knowledge source for mission planning tools.
LEECH: LBTI Exozodi Exoplanet Common Hunt
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Skemer, A.
In Spring 2013, the LEECH (LBTI Exozodi Exoplanet Common Hunt) survey began its 100-night campaign from the Large Binocular Telescope (LBT) atop Mt Graham, Arizona. This survey benefits from the many technological achievements of the LBT, including two 8.4- meter mirrors on a single fixed mount, dual adaptive secondary mirrors for high Strehl performance, and a cold beam combiner to dramatically reducing the telescope's overall background emissivity. LEECH neatly complements other high-contrast planet imaging efforts by observing stars at L' (3.8 microns) with LMIRcam, as opposed to the shorter wavelength near-infrared bands (1-2.4 microns) of other similar surveys. This portion of the spectrum offers deeper mass sensitivity for intermediate age (several hundred Myr-old) systems, since their Jovian-mass planets radiate predominantly in the mid-infrared. The goals of LEECH are to (1) discover new exoplanets, (2) characterize the atmospheres of newly discovered exoplanets, (3) characterize the architectures of nearby planetary systems, and (4) establish meaningful constraints on the prevalence of wideseparation exoplanets.
Common carotid artery occlusion: a case series.
Bajkó, Zoltán; B?la?a, Rodica; Mo????ianu, Anca; Maier, Smaranda; Chebu?, Octavia Claudia; Szatmári, Szabolcs
Subjects and Methods. We analysed 5000 cerebrovascular ultrasound records. A total of 0.4% of the patients had common carotid artery occlusion (CCAO). Results. The mean age was 59.8 ± 14.2 years, and the male/female ratio was 2.33. The most frequent risk factors were hypertension, ischaemic heart disease, dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus, and smoking. Right-sided and left-sided CCAO occurred in 65% and 30% of the cases, respectively, and bilateral occlusion was detected in one case (5%). Patent bifurcation was observed in 10 cases of CCAO in which the anterograde flow in the ICA was maintained from the external carotid artery with reversed flow. In two of the cases, the occluded CCA was hypoplastic. The aetiology of CCAO in the majority of cases was the atherosclerosis (15 cases). The male/female ratio was higher in the patients with occluded distal vessels, and the short-term outcome was poorer. Only two cases from this series underwent revascularisation surgery. Spontaneous recanalisation was observed in one case. Conclusions. The most frequent cause of CCAO was atherosclerosis. The outcome is improved in the cases with patent distal vessels, and spontaneous recanalisation is possible. Treatment methods have not been standardised. Surgical revascularisation is possible in cases of patent distal vessels, but the indications are debatable. PMID:24167740
Common Carotid Artery Occlusion: A Case Series
Bajkó, Zoltán; B?la?a, Rodica; Mo????ianu, Anca; Maier, Smaranda; Chebu?, Octavia Claudia; Szatmári, Szabolcs
Subjects and Methods. We analysed 5000 cerebrovascular ultrasound records. A total of 0.4% of the patients had common carotid artery occlusion (CCAO). Results. The mean age was 59.8 ± 14.2 years, and the male/female ratio was 2.33. The most frequent risk factors were hypertension, ischaemic heart disease, dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus, and smoking. Right-sided and left-sided CCAO occurred in 65% and 30% of the cases, respectively, and bilateral occlusion was detected in one case (5%). Patent bifurcation was observed in 10 cases of CCAO in which the anterograde flow in the ICA was maintained from the external carotid artery with reversed flow. In two of the cases, the occluded CCA was hypoplastic. The aetiology of CCAO in the majority of cases was the atherosclerosis (15 cases). The male/female ratio was higher in the patients with occluded distal vessels, and the short-term outcome was poorer. Only two cases from this series underwent revascularisation surgery. Spontaneous recanalisation was observed in one case. Conclusions. The most frequent cause of CCAO was atherosclerosis. The outcome is improved in the cases with patent distal vessels, and spontaneous recanalisation is possible. Treatment methods have not been standardised. Surgical revascularisation is possible in cases of patent distal vessels, but the indications are debatable. PMID:24167740
Common Data Input/Retrieval System
Pate, J.E.; Muntz, J.E.
The Common Data Input/Retrieval System (CDIRS) is a generalized software system developed at Sandia National Laboratories which is incorporated into an application system to perform application data input and/or retrieval processing. The system operates in the on-line mode in the Transaction-Processing (TIP) environment, and in batch mode. The system may be used for retrieval and/or updating of both the transaction database and the application database. Features provided include data input/retrieval screens which are tailored to designer's specifications, access to transactions via six retrieval paths, backup and recoverability of transactions, and periodic archival of processed transactions. The system consists of 40 programs, of which 36 are written in Cobol and 4 are written in Assembler. Forty-three action codes are provided to accomplish various combinations of DMS activities. Security is available at three levels: datasystem-level, user-level, and transaction-level. The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the CDIRS environment from a user perspective. For this reason, some generalizations will be made, and some detail will be omitted. The system is complex, however; it will be necessary to provide enough detail to define the various entities, and attempt to explain how they interface.
Common Myna Roosts Are Not Recruitment Centres
Sarangi, Manaswini; Arvind, Chiti; Lakshman, Abhilash; Vidya, T. N. C.
We studied communal roosting in the Common Myna (Acridotheres tristis) in the light of the recruitment centre hypothesis and predation at the roost. The number and sizes of flocks departing from and arriving at focal roosts were recorded over a two year period. We also recorded the sizes and behaviour of foraging flocks. We found that flock sizes of birds departing from roosts at sunrise were larger than those at the feeding site, suggesting that there was no recruitment from the roosts. Flocks entering the roosts during sunset were larger on average than those leaving the following sunrise, suggesting no consolidation of flocks in the morning. Flocks entering the roosts at sunset were also larger on average than those that had left that sunrise, although there was no recruitment at the feeding site. There was no effect of group size on the proportion of time spent feeding. Contrary to expectation, single birds showed lower apparent vigilance than birds that foraged in pairs or groups, possibly due to scrounging tactics being used in the presence of feeding companions. Thus, the recruitment centre hypothesis did not hold in our study population of mynas. Predation at dawn and dusk were also not important to communal roosting: predators near the roosts did not result in larger flocks, and resulted in larger durations of arrival/departure contrary to expectation. Since flock sizes were smallest at the feeding site and larger in the evening than in the morning, but did not coincide with predator activity, information transfer unrelated to food (such as breeding opportunities) may possibly give rise to the evening aggregations. PMID:25122467
Common myna roosts are not recruitment centres.
Sarangi, Manaswini; Ganguly, Payel; Zenia; Arvind, Chiti; Lakshman, Abhilash; Vidya, T N C
We studied communal roosting in the Common Myna (Acridotheres tristis) in the light of the recruitment centre hypothesis and predation at the roost. The number and sizes of flocks departing from and arriving at focal roosts were recorded over a two year period. We also recorded the sizes and behaviour of foraging flocks. We found that flock sizes of birds departing from roosts at sunrise were larger than those at the feeding site, suggesting that there was no recruitment from the roosts. Flocks entering the roosts during sunset were larger on average than those leaving the following sunrise, suggesting no consolidation of flocks in the morning. Flocks entering the roosts at sunset were also larger on average than those that had left that sunrise, although there was no recruitment at the feeding site. There was no effect of group size on the proportion of time spent feeding. Contrary to expectation, single birds showed lower apparent vigilance than birds that foraged in pairs or groups, possibly due to scrounging tactics being used in the presence of feeding companions. Thus, the recruitment centre hypothesis did not hold in our study population of mynas. Predation at dawn and dusk were also not important to communal roosting: predators near the roosts did not result in larger flocks, and resulted in larger durations of arrival/departure contrary to expectation. Since flock sizes were smallest at the feeding site and larger in the evening than in the morning, but did not coincide with predator activity, information transfer unrelated to food (such as breeding opportunities) may possibly give rise to the evening aggregations. PMID:25122467
Common Avian Infection Plagued the Tyrant Dinosaurs
Wolff, Ewan D. S.; Salisbury, Steven W.; Horner, John R.; Varricchio, David J.
Background Tyrannosaurus rex and other tyrannosaurid fossils often display multiple, smooth-edged full-thickness erosive lesions on the mandible, either unilaterally or bilaterally. The cause of these lesions in the Tyrannosaurus rex specimen FMNH PR2081 (known informally by the name 'Sue') has previously been attributed to actinomycosis, a bacterial bone infection, or bite wounds from other tyrannosaurids. Methodology/Principal Findings We conducted an extensive survey of tyrannosaurid specimens and identified ten individuals with full-thickness erosive lesions. These lesions were described, measured and photographed for comparison with one another. We also conducted an extensive survey of related archosaurs for similar lesions. We show here that these lesions are consistent with those caused by an avian parasitic infection called trichomonosis, which causes similar abnormalities on the mandible of modern birds, in particular raptors. Conclusions/Significance This finding represents the first evidence for the ancient evolutionary origin of an avian transmissible disease in non-avian theropod dinosaurs. It also provides a valuable insight into the palaeobiology of these now extinct animals. Based on the frequency with which these lesions occur, we hypothesize that tyrannosaurids were commonly infected by a Trichomonas gallinae-like protozoan. For tyrannosaurid populations, the only non-avian dinosaur group that show trichomonosis-type lesions, it is likely that the disease became endemic and spread as a result of antagonistic intraspecific behavior, consumption of prey infected by a Trichomonas gallinae-like protozoan and possibly even cannibalism. The severity of trichomonosis-related lesions in specimens such as Tyrannosaurus rex FMNH PR2081 and Tyrannosaurus rex MOR 980, strongly suggests that these animals died as a direct result of this disease, mostly likely through starvation. PMID:19789646
Nodular Regenerative Hyperplasia in Common Variable Immunodeficiency
Fuss, Ivan J.; Friend, Julia; Yang, Zhiqong; He, Ping; Hooda, Lubna; Boyer, James; Xi, Liqiang; Raffeld, Mark; Kleiner, David E.; Heller, Theo; Strober, Warren
Purpose Patients with Common Variable Immunodeficiency (CVID) are subject to the development of a liver disease syndrome known as nodular regenerative hyperplasia (NRH). The purpose of this study was to define the characteristics and course of this complication of CVID. Methods CVID patients were evaluated by retrospective and prospective clinical course review. Liver biopsy specimens were evaluated for evidence of NRH and studied via RT-PCR for cytokine analysis. Results NRH in our CVID patient population occurred in approximately 5% of the 261 patients in our total CVID study group, initially presenting in most cases with an elevated alkaline phosphatase level. While in some patients the disease remained static, in a larger proportion a more severe disease developed characterized by portal hypertension, the latter leading to hypersplenism with neutropenia and thrombocytopenia and, in some cases, to ascites. In addition, a substantial proportion of patients either developed or presented initially with an autoimmune hepatitis-like (AIH-like) liver disease that resulted in severe liver dysfunction and, in most cases to death due to infections. The liver histologic findings in these AIH-like patients were characterized by underlying NRH pattern with superimposed interface hepatitis, lymphocytic infiltration and fibrosis. Immunologic studies of biopsies of NRH patients demonstrated the presence of infiltrating T cells producing IFN-?, suggesting that the NRH is due to an autoimmune process. Conclusion Overall, these studies provide evidence that NRH may not be benign but, can be a severe and potentially fatal disease complication of CVID that merits close monitoring and intervention. PMID:23420139
Solving nursing shortages: a common priority
Buchan, James; Aiken, Linda
Aims and objectives This paper provides a context for this special edition. It highlights the scale of the challenge of nursing shortages, but also makes the point that there is a policy agenda that provides workable solutions. Results An overview of nurse:population ratios in different countries and regions of the world, highlighting considerable variations, with Africa and South East Asia having the lowest average ratios. The paper argues that the 'shortage' of nurses is not necessarily a shortage of individuals with nursing qualifications, it is a shortage of nurses willing to work in the present conditions. The causes of shortages are multi-faceted, and there is no single global measure of their extent and nature, there is growing evidence of the impact of relatively low staffing levels on health care delivery and outcomes. The main causes of nursing shortages are highlighted: inadequate workforce planning and allocation mechanisms, resource constrained undersupply of new staff, poor recruitment, retention and 'return' policies, and ineffective use of available nursing resources through inappropriate skill mix and utilisation, poor incentive structures and inadequate career support. Conclusions What now faces policy makers in Japan, Europe and other developed countries is a policy agenda with a core of common themes. First, themes related to addressing supply side issues: getting, keeping and keeping in touch with relatively scarce nurses. Second, themes related to dealing with demand side challenges. The paper concludes that the main challenge for policy makers is to develop a co-ordinated package of policies that provide a long term and sustainable solution. Relevance to clinical practice This paper highlights the impact that nursing shortages has on clinical practice and in health service delivery. It outlines scope for addressing shortage problems and therefore for providing a more positive staffing environment in which clinical practice can be delivered. PMID:19146584
Acceptable workloads for three common mining materials.
Gallagher, S; Hamrick, C A
A series of psychophysical lifting studies was conducted to establish maximum acceptable weights of lift (MAWL) for three supply items commonly handled in underground coal mines (rock dust bags, ventilation stopping blocks, and crib blocks). Each study utilized 12 subjects, all of whom had considerable experience working in underground coal mines. Effects of lifting in four postures (standing, stooping under a 1.5 m ceiling, stooping under a 1.2 m ceiling, and kneeling) were investigated together with four lifting conditions (combinations of lifting symmetry and lifting height). The frequency of lifting was set at four per min, and the task duration was 15 min. Posture significantly affected the MAWL for the rock dust bag (standing MAWL was 7% greater than restricted postures and kneeling MAWL was 6.4% less than stopped); however, posture interacted with lifting conditions for both of the other materials. Physiological costs were found to be significantly greater in the stooped postures compared with kneeling for all materials. Other contrasts (standing versus restricted postures, stooping under 1.5 m ceiling versus stopping under 1.2 m ceiling) did not exhibit significantly different levels of energy expenditure. Energy expenditure was significantly affected by vertical lifting height; however, the plane of lifting had little influence on metabolic cost. Recommended acceptable workloads for the three materials are 20.0 kg for the rock dust bag, 16.5 kg for the ventilation stopping block, and 14.7 kg for the crib block. These results suggest that miners are often required to lift supplies that are substantially heavier than psychophysically acceptable lifting limits. PMID:1387078
Six Common Mistakes in Conservation Priority Setting
Game, Edward T; Kareiva, Peter; Possingham, Hugh P
Abstract A vast number of prioritization schemes have been developed to help conservation navigate tough decisions about the allocation of finite resources. However, the application of quantitative approaches to setting priorities in conservation frequently includes mistakes that can undermine their authors' intention to be more rigorous and scientific in the way priorities are established and resources allocated. Drawing on well-established principles of decision science, we highlight 6 mistakes commonly associated with setting priorities for conservation: not acknowledging conservation plans are prioritizations; trying to solve an ill-defined problem; not prioritizing actions; arbitrariness; hidden value judgments; and not acknowledging risk of failure. We explain these mistakes and offer a path to help conservation planners avoid making the same mistakes in future prioritizations. Seis Errores Comunes en la Definición de Prioridades de Conservación Resumen Se ha desarrollado un vasto número de esquemas de priorización para ayudar a que la conservación navegue entre decisiones difíciles en cuanto a la asignación de recursos finitos. Sin embargo, la aplicación de métodos cuantitativos para la definición de prioridades en la conservación frecuentemente incluye errores que pueden socavar la intención de sus autores de ser más rigurosos y científicos en la manera en que se establecen las prioridades y se asignan los recursos. Con base en los bien establecidos principios de la ciencia de la decisión, resaltamos seis errores comúnmente asociados con la definición de prioridades para la conservación: no reconocer que los planes de conservación son priorizaciones; tratar de resolver un problema mal definido; no priorizar acciones; arbitrariedad; juicios de valor ocultos y no reconocer el riesgo de fracasar. Explicamos estos errores y ofrecemos un camino para que planificadores de la conservación no cometan los mismos errores en priorizaciones futuras. PMID:23565990
Cooling Efficiency of 4 Common Cryotherapeutic Agents
Kennet, Jane; Hardaker, Natalie; Hobbs, Sarah; Selfe, James
Context: Cryotherapy is the application of cold as a treatment. It is widely used and accepted as beneficial in early management of soft tissue injury. However, the most efficient cryotherapeutic agent remains unknown. Objective: To compare 4 common cryotherapeutic agents including crushed ice (CI), gel pack (GP), frozen peas (FP), and ice-water immersion (WI) and to determine which agent provided the greatest cooling efficiency after a 20-minute application. Design: Repeated-measures design. Setting: University physiology laboratory. Patients or Other Participants: Nine healthy volunteers participated (5 males, 4 females; age = 24.0 ± 4.6 years, height = 1.73 ± 0.24 m, mass = 79.9 ± 24.1 kg). Intervention(s): The CI, GP, FP, and WI were applied to the right ankle for 20 minutes. Participants were required to attend 1 measurement session for each agent. Main Outcome Measure(s): We recorded skin surface temperature of the right ankle at a sampling rate of 1 image/min, using a thermal imaging camera during a 30-minute rewarming period. Results: Application of CI produced a significantly greater reduction in skin surface temperature (19.56 ± 3.78°C) than GP (13.19 ± 5.07°C) and FP (14.59 ± 4.22°C) ( P < .001). The CI and WI demonstrated significantly ( P < .001) greater cooling efficiency than GP and FP. Conclusions: The CI and WI had the greatest cooling efficiency and sustained decreased skin surface temperatures postapplication, indicating these agents are potentially the most clinically beneficial. PMID:18059988
NATO initial common operational picture capability project
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Fanti, Laura; Beach, David
The Common Operational Picture (COP) capability can be defined as the ability to display on a single screen integrated views of the Recognized Maritime, Air and Ground Pictures, enriched by other tactical data, such as theater plans, assets, intelligence and logistics information. The purpose of the COP capability is to provide military forces a comprehensive view of the battle space, thereby enhancing situational awareness and the decision-making process across the military command and control spectrum. The availability of a COP capability throughout the command structure is a high priority operational requirement in NATO. A COP capability for NATO is being procured and implemented in an incremental way within the NATO Automated Information System (Bi-SC AIS) Functional Services programme under the coordination of the NATO Consultation, Command and Control Agency (NC3A) Integrated Programme Team 5 (IPT5). The NATO Initial COP (iCOP) capability project, first step of this evolutionary procurement, will provide an initial COP capability to NATO in a highly pragmatic and low-risk fashion, by using existing operational communications infrastructure and NATO systems, i.e. the NATO-Wide Integrated Command and Control Software for Air Operations (ICC), the Maritime Command and Control Information System (MCCIS), and the Joint Operations and Intelligence Information System (JOIIS), which will provide respectively the Recognized Air, Maritime and Ground Pictures. This paper gives an overview of the NATO Initial COP capability project, including its evolutionary implementation approach, and describes the technical solution selected to satisfy the urgent operational requirement in a timely and cost effective manner.
A common cause for a common phenotype: The gatekeeper hypothesis in fetal programming
McMullen, S.; Langley-Evans, S.C.; Gambling, L.; Lang, C.; Swali, A.; McArdle, H.J.
Sub-optimal nutrition during pregnancy has been shown to have long-term effects on the health of offspring in both humans and animals. The most common outcomes of such programming are hypertension, obesity, dyslipidaemia and insulin resistance. This spectrum of disorders, collectively known as metabolic syndrome, appears to be the consequence of nutritional insult during early development, irrespective of the nutritional stress experienced. For example, diets low in protein diet, high in fat, or deficient in iron are all associated with programming of cardiovascular and metabolic disorders when fed during rat pregnancy. In this paper, we hypothesise that the nutritional stresses act on genes or gene pathways common to all of the insults. We have termed these genes and/or gene pathways the "gatekeepers" and hence developed the "gatekeeper hypothesis". In this paper, we examine the background to the hypothesis and postulate some possible mechanisms or pathways that may constitute programming gatekeepers. PMID:22047985
Will "common" work environment measures lead to "common" health service performance?
Stanton, Pauline; Leggat, Sandra G
The establishment of common work environment measures has the potential to increase the focus on and potentially improve human resource management (HRM) practice throughout the Canadian healthcare system. However, based on research evidence, we suggest that successful execution cannot be achieved through top-down implementation of a set of "lag" indicators. We also stress that without accompanying management training in HRM, it is unlikely that the potential benefits of an indicator set will be realized. PMID:20644353
Common cause and common sense, designing failure out of your safety instrumented systems (SIS)
Angela E Summers; Glenn Raney
The ANSI\\/ISA S84.01-1996 and IEC 61508 (draft) standards provide guidelines for the design, installation, operation, maintenance and testing of safety instrumented systems (SIS). As part of the SIS lifecycle design process, the SIS should be evaluated not only for its safety integrity level (SIL), but also for its potential for common cause failure (CCF). A CCF occurs when a single
Population Genetic Structure of Common Eiders (Somateria mollissima)
McCracken, Kevin G.
1 Population Genetic Structure of Common Eiders (Somateria mollissima) Nesting on Coastal Barrier.................................................................................................................................7 PART 1: Population Genetic Structure of Common Eiders (Somateria mollissima) Breeding.................................................................................................................................................................10 MtDNA and Nuclear Intron Sequencing
Common Pediatric Disabilities: Medical Aspects and Educational Implications.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Tyler, Janet Siantz; Colson, Steven
This paper presents definitions of common pediatric disabilities and information about incidence, causes, diagnosis, common characteristics, complications with educational implications, and multidisciplinary intervention approaches. It covers the following conditions: attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, cerebral palsy, Down syndrome, fragile…
Interplant Communication of Tomato Plants through Underground Common Mycorrhizal Networks
Bruns, Tom
Interplant Communication of Tomato Plants through Underground Common Mycorrhizal Networks Yuan Yuan, plants can also communicate with each other through underground common mycorrhizal networks (CMNs function as a plant-plant underground communication conduit whereby disease resistance and induced defence
Treil, Sergei
COMMON COMPLEMENTS OF TWO SUBSPACES OF A HILBERT SPACE condition for two closed subspaces, X and Y, of a Hilbert space H to have a common complement complement are possi- ble. 0. Introduction 0.1. Statement of the problem
46 CFR 113.10-5 - Common return.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR
...DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING COMMUNICATION AND ALARM SYSTEMS AND EQUIPMENT Fire and Smoke Detecting and Alarm Systems § 113.10-5 Common return. A conductor must not be used as a common return...
46 CFR 113.10-5 - Common return.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
...DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING COMMUNICATION AND ALARM SYSTEMS AND EQUIPMENT Fire and Smoke Detecting and Alarm Systems § 113.10-5 Common return. A conductor must not be used as a common return...
46 CFR 113.10-5 - Common return.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR
...DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING COMMUNICATION AND ALARM SYSTEMS AND EQUIPMENT Fire and Smoke Detecting and Alarm Systems § 113.10-5 Common return. A conductor must not be used as a common return...
46 CFR 113.10-5 - Common return.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR
...DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING COMMUNICATION AND ALARM SYSTEMS AND EQUIPMENT Fire and Smoke Detecting and Alarm Systems § 113.10-5 Common return. A conductor must not be used as a common return...
46 CFR 113.10-5 - Common return.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR
...DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING COMMUNICATION AND ALARM SYSTEMS AND EQUIPMENT Fire and Smoke Detecting and Alarm Systems § 113.10-5 Common return. A conductor must not be used as a common return...
Management and Conservation Territory Occupancy by Common Loons in
Mitchell, Mike
of environmental and demographic factors. A peninsular population of common loons (Gavia immer) nests on lakes of occupancy of surrounding lakes. ß 2011 The Wildlife Society. KEY WORDS common loon, Gavia immer, habitat
FINAL STUDY REPORT INVESTIGATION OF THE IMPACTS OF COMMON ENDOCRINE DISRUPTING COMPOUNDS INVESTIGATION OF THE IMPACTS OF COMMON ENDOCRINE DISRUPTING COMPOUNDS ON MULTIPLE EARLY LIFE STAGES the terms of the federal Clean Water Act's National Pollution Discharge Elimination System (NPDES
Bob Krekel
ABSTRACT ________________________________________________________________________ Common,ground equipment is an integral subset of Naval Aviation's common,support equipment (CSE). Common,ground equipment ranges from "yellow gear" such as tow tractors, cranes, and hydraulic generators, to avionics test boxes, which help maintainers test various sophisticated aircraft systems and subsystems. Without the proper type and amount of common ground equipment, Navy and Marine Corps maintenance personnel cannot adequately
Norms of Descriptive Adjective Responses to Common Nouns.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Robbins, Janet L.
This paper gives the results of a controlled experiment on word association. The purpose was to establish norms of commonality of primary descriptive adjective responses to common nouns. The stimuli consisted of 203 common nouns selected from 10 everyday topics of conversation, approximately 20 from each topic. There were 350 subjects, 50% male,…
Powerful Alignment: Building Consensus around the Common Core State Standards
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Doyle, Keridan
This paper examines a sampling of arguments for and against the Common Core State Standards from the period surrounding their adoption. While supporters of the standards have articulated common goals such as economic security, equity, and alignment, opposing voices have failed to coalesce around a unified set of principles or a common language. An…
LENGTH-WEIGHT RELATION IN THE COMMON OR WHITE SHRIMP PENAEUS SETIFERUS Marine Biological, Arnie J. Suomela, Commissioner LENGTH-WEIGHT RELATION IN THE COMMON OR WHITE SHRIMP, PENAEUS SETIFERUS. C. May 1958 #12;#12;LENGTH-WEIGHT RELATION IN THE COMMON OR WHITE SHRIMP , PENAEUS SETIFERUS
Standard nomenclature for common bean chromosomes and linkage groups
Technology Transfer Automated Retrieval System (TEKTRAN)
Several DNA-based linkage maps have been developed for common bean including the core common bean linkage map using the BAT93 x Jalo EEP558 recombinant inbred line (RIL) population. Correlation of common bean chromosomes to the genetic linkage groups was completed using RFLP markers to assign each l...
The Common Law of the Academic Profession: An Assessment.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Leslie, David W.
The academic common law may soon vanish, not as a result of court action but due to the American Association of University Professors's declining role in defending the common law of academic employment. The profession is challenged to maintain its independence from external control by reconsidering its own common law. (Author/MLW)
20 CFR 404.1007 - Common-law employee.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
...2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Common-law employee. 404.1007 Section 404.1007...Self-Employment Income Employment § 404.1007 Common-law employee. (a) General. The common-law rules on employer-employee...
L A Common Lisp for Embedded Systems Rodney A. Brooks
Rosenberg, Charles
L A Common Lisp for Embedded Systems Rodney A. Brooks and Charles Rosenberg IS Robotics Twin City system has been developed which allows for the use of Common Lisp in real time embedded control systems. The backbone of this sys- tem is a language called L. L is a subset of Common Lisp with multi
Advocacy: Emphasizing the Uncommon about the Common Core State Standards
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Kaplan, Sandra N.
The author describes key issues and uncommon concerns about the Common Core State Standards that fit within two categories: philosophical and pedagogical. Philosophically, Common Core State K-12 Standards should not be expected to be mastered at a specific grade level but based on developmental readiness. Pedagogically, Common Core State Standards…
A Calendar with Common Sense Erik T. Mueller
A Calendar with Common Sense Erik T. Mueller Signiform 2533 Waterside Drive NW Washington, DC 20008 applications. In this paper we present one such application, SensiCal, a calendar with a degree of common sense. We discuss the pieces of common sense important in calendar management and present methods
Common Freshwater Fish Parasites Pictorial Guide: Monogeneans1
Watson, Craig A.
FA-111 Common Freshwater Fish Parasites Pictorial Guide: Monogeneans1 Deborah B. Pouder, Eric W of pictorial guides that is designed to assist in the identification of common freshwater fish parasites. The publications included in this series are: · Common Freshwater Fish Parasites Pictorial Guide: Sessile Ciliates
Common Freshwater Fish Parasites Pictorial Guide: Digenean Trematodes1
Watson, Craig A.
FA-112 Common Freshwater Fish Parasites Pictorial Guide: Digenean Trematodes1 Deborah B. Pouder in a series of pictorial guides that is designed to assist in the identification of common freshwater fish parasites. The publications included in this series are: · Common Freshwater Fish Parasites Pictorial Guide
Common Freshwater Fish Parasites Pictorial Guide: Motile Ciliates1
Watson, Craig A.
FA108 Common Freshwater Fish Parasites Pictorial Guide: Motile Ciliates1 Deborah B. Pouder, Eric W of pictorial guides that is designed to assist in the identification of common freshwater fish parasites. The publications included in this series are: · Common Freshwater Fish Parasites Pictorial Guide: Sessile Ciliates
Common Worlds: Reconceptualising Inclusion in Early Childhood Communities
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Taylor, Affrica; Giugni, Miriam
"Common worlds" is a conceptual framework developed to reconceptualise inclusion in early childhood communities. Common worlds take account of children's relations with all the others in their worlds--including the more-than-human others. The ethics and politics of living together in these common worlds is the central concern of this article. The…
Relationship between common duct stones and Helicobacter pylori infection
Min Song; Jie Wu; Ping Wang; Xiao-Dong Huang; Heng Zhang; Dan Zheng; Yan Su Min Song; Song M; Wu J; Wang P; Huang XD; Zheng D
AIM: To investigate the rate of Helicobacter pylori (H pylori) infection in patients with common duct stones and analyze the relationship between common duct stones and H pylori infection. METHODS: One hundred and five patients with common duct stones (experiment group) and 132 control subjects (control group) were in- cluded in the study. All the patients underwent electronic gastroscopy, rapid
Using Digital Video Production to Meet the Common Core Standards
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Nichols, Maura
The implementation of the Common Core Standards has just begun and these standards will impact a generation that communicates with technology more than anything else. Texting, cell phones, Facebook, YouTube, Skype, etc. are the ways they speak with their friends and the world. The Common Core Standards recognize this. According to the Common Core…
Treil, Sergei
COMMON COMPLEMENTS OF TWO SUBSPACES OF A HILBERT SPACE MICHAEL LAUZON AND SERGEI TREIL Abstract H to have a common complement, i.e. a subspace Z having trivial intersection with X and Y a common complement are possi- ble. 0. Introduction 0.1. Statement of the problem and discussion
Technology Transfer Automated Retrieval System (TEKTRAN)
Soybean rust (Phakopsora pachyrhizi H. Sydow & Sydow) has been reported on common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in Asia, South Africa, and the United States. However, there is little information on the interaction of individual isolates of P. pachyrhizi with common bean germplasm. A set of 16 common...
Gaussian MIMO Broadcast Channels with Common and Confidential Messages
Ulukus, Sennur
Gaussian MIMO Broadcast Channels with Common and Confidential Messages Ersen Ekrem Sennur Ulukus channel with common and confidential messages. In this channel, the transmitter sends a common message to both users, and a confidential message to each user which is kept perfectly secret from the other user
Costing Commonality: Investigating the Impact of Platform Divergence
de Weck, Olivier L.
the cost of developing common systems is 12%-50% above the unique design cost. We find evidence to suggest systems, particularly in long lifecycle aerospace applications. Past examples of commonality in aerospace Abstract- -- Commonality strategies have become an important means of cost-sharing across systems
Social and Academic Correlates of Reading a Common Book
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Daugherty, Timothy K.; Hayes, Mathew W.
Many universities have Common Book programs, but few of them are driven by clear goals and little research about the effectiveness of programs exists. The current study examined social and academic correlates of self-reported common book readership. As expected, upper-level students who read their entire common book as freshmen reported a stronger…
Commons Dilemma Choices in Small vs. Large Groups.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Powers, Richard B.; Boyle, William
The purpose of the Commons Game is to teach students how social traps work; that is, that short-term individual gain tends to dominate long-term collective gain. Simulations of Commons Dilemma have grown considerably in the last decade; however, the research has used small face-to-face groups to study behavior in the Commons. To compare the…
Characterization of a Common-Gate Amplifier Using Ferroelectric Transistors
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Hunt, Mitchell; Sayyah, Rana; MacLeod, Todd C.; Ho, Fat D.
In this paper, the empirical data collected through experiments performed using a FeFET in the common-gate amplifier circuit is presented. The FeFET common-gate amplifier was characterized by varying all parameters in the circuit, such as load resistance, biasing of the transistor, and input voltages. Due to the polarization of the ferroelectric layer, the particular behavior of the FeFET common-gate amplifier presents interesting results. Furthermore, the differences between a FeFET common-gate amplifier and a MOSFET common-gate amplifier are examined.
Registration of Common Bacterial Blight, Rust and Bean Common Mosaic Resistant Great Northern Bean Germplasm Line ABC - Weihing
Technology Transfer Automated Retrieval System (TEKTRAN)
Great northern common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) germplasm line ABC-Weihing was developed specifically for enhanced resistance to common bacterial blight (CBB), a major disease of common bean caused by the seedborne bacteria Xanthomonas campestris pv. phaseoli (Xcp) and the brown-pigmented variant...
Common vs. Rare Allele Hypotheses for Complex Diseases
Schork, Nicholas J.; Murray, Sarah S.; Frazer, Kelly A.; Topol, Eric J.
There has been growing debate over the nature of the genetic contribution to individual susceptibility to common complex diseases such as diabetes, osteoporosis, and cancer. The 'Common Disease, Common Variant (CDCV)' hypothesis argues that genetic variations with appreciable frequency in the population at large, but relatively low 'penetrance' (or the probability that a carrier of the relevant variants will express the disease), are the major contributors to genetic susceptibility to common diseases. The 'Common Disease, Rare Variant (CDRV)' hypothesis, on the other hand, argues that multiple rare DNA sequence variations, each with relatively high penetrance, are the major contributors to genetic susceptibility to common diseases. Both hypotheses have their place in current research efforts. PMID:19481926
Common base HBTs for Ka-band applications
S. Tanaka; Y. Amamiya; S. Murakami; H. Slhimawaki; N. Goto; Y. Takayama; K. Honjo
It has been commonly accepted that common-base (CB) HBTs are more suitable for millimeter-wave power amplifiers than common-emitter HBTs due to their superior gain. However, the essential gain behavior of CB HBTs is not well understood in detail, and thus the factors limiting their mm-wave performance are not yet clarified. In this work, basic design guidelines of CB HBTs are
Development of react and wind common coil dipoles for VLHC
G. Ambrosio; N. Andreev; E. Barzi; P. Bauer; D. Chichili; K. Ewald; L. Imbasciati; V. Kashikhin; S. W. Kim; P. Limon; I. Novitski; J. P. Ozelis; R. Scanlan; G. Sabbi; A. Zlobin
Common coil magnets are a promising option for post LAC hadron colliders. Fermilab, in collaboration with LBNL, is involved in an R&D program to develop 11 T, 30-40 mm aperture, common coil dipoles. The use of Nb3Sn wound after reaction is chosen in order to address cost reduction that is a key issue for future hadron colliders. The common coil
Exploring the Borderlands Documents of the Committee on Common Problems
Exploring the Borderlands Documents of the Committee on Common Problems of Genetics, Paleontology, paleontology, systematics and paleobotany, and questionnaire from George Gaylord Simpson while organising
Simulated population responses of common carp to commercial exploitation
Weber, Michael J.; Hennen, Matthew J.; Brown, Michael L.
Common carp Cyprinus carpio is a widespread invasive species that can become highly abundant and impose deleterious ecosystem effects. Thus, aquatic resource managers are interested in controlling common carp populations. Control of invasive common carp populations is difficult, due in part to the inherent uncertainty of how populations respond to exploitation. To understand how common carp populations respond to exploitation, we evaluated common carp population dynamics (recruitment, growth, and mortality) in three natural lakes in eastern South Dakota. Common carp exhibited similar population dynamics across these three systems that were characterized by consistent recruitment (ages 3 to 15 years present), fast growth (K = 0.37 to 0.59), and low mortality (A = 1 to 7%). We then modeled the effects of commercial exploitation on size structure, abundance, and egg production to determine its utility as a management tool to control populations. All three populations responded similarly to exploitation simulations with a 575-mm length restriction, representing commercial gear selectivity. Simulated common carp size structure modestly declined (9 to 37%) in all simulations. Abundance of common carp declined dramatically (28 to 56%) at low levels of exploitation (0 to 20%) but exploitation >40% had little additive effect and populations were only reduced by 49 to 79% despite high exploitation (>90%). Maximum lifetime egg production was reduced from 77 to 89% at a moderate level of exploitation (40%), indicating the potential for recruitment overfishing. Exploitation further reduced common carp size structure, abundance, and egg production when simulations were not size selective. Our results provide insights to how common carp populations may respond to exploitation. Although commercial exploitation may be able to partially control populations, an integrated removal approach that removes all sizes of common carp has a greater chance of controlling population abundance and reducing perturbations induced by this invasive species.
An omni-directional comparison between common-emitter and common-base SiGe HBTs
Zhenqiang Ma; Ningyue Jiang; Guogong Wang; Hui Li; Guoxuan Qin
The unique device structures of SiGe HBTs, in comparison to Si bipolar homojunction transistors (BJTs), allow us to reconsider the value of common-base (CB) configuration for high-frequency amplifications. In this paper, an omni-directional comparison between common-emitter (CE) and common-base SiGe power HBTs is made. By comparing the power gain, power handling, linearity, noise and stability characteristics between these two configurations,
Adaptations to Climate in Candidate Genes for Common Metabolic Disorders
Dean, Matthew D.
Adaptations to Climate in Candidate Genes for Common Metabolic Disorders Angela M. Hancock1 , David humans. Genes involved in energy metabolism are likely to be central to heat and cold tolerance. To test based on network theory to select 82 candidate genes for common metabolic disorders. We genotyped 873
Vitamin C intake and susceptibility to the common cold
Harri Hemilä
Although the role of vitamin C in common cold incidence had been studied extensively, the level of vitamin C intake has not been unequivocally shown to affect the incidence of colds. In the present study the six largest vitamin C supplementation (ď 1 g\\/d) studies, including over 5000 episodes in all, have been analysed, and it is shown that common
Next-Generation Assessments Aligned to the Common Core
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Willhoft, Joseph L.
Through the Common Core State Standards and the development of new assessments aligned to the standards, the public education system is undergoing a transformation--and administrators can help make this vision a reality. Today, more than 45 states and the District of Columbia have adopted the Common Core State Standards. The standards, however,…
Multilocus phylogeography and population structure of common eiders
McCracken, Kevin G.
DNA) control region, and two nuclear introns were collected and analysed for 15 populations of common eiders (nORIGINAL ARTICLE Multilocus phylogeography and population structure of common eiders breeding patterns of population subdivision, and tested hypotheses associated with locations of potential
Common Language Effect Size for Multiple Treatment Comparisons
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Liu, Xiaofeng Steven
Researchers who need to explain treatment effects to laypeople can translate Cohen's effect size (standardized mean difference) to a common language effect size--a probability of a random observation from one population being larger than a random observation from the other population. This common language effect size can be extended to represent…
Partnering for Student Learning: The University Library Information Commons
Bob Fernekes
This paper examines the emerging role of the Library Information Commons for providing integrated instruction and support of student learning with a focus on the Georgia Institute of Technology. It reports on the success of the Information Commons as a collaborative venture between the Library and Information Technology, discusses organizing principles, and reviews the literature on partnering for student learning
Common Spacecraft Bus for Earth Science Decadal Survey Missions
T. Cook; K. Klaus; M. S. Elsperman
Our study assessed the overall technical and programmatic viability of a Common Spacecraft Bus (CSB) approach that could satify the requirements of multiple Earth Science Decadal Mission programs resulting in cost and schedule savings over individual programs. Our approach developed a Common Payload Interface (CPIF) concept based on assessment of TIER I mission requirements to enable flexibility to the payloads
Learning activities on health care supported by common sense knowledge
Aparecido Fabiano Pinatti De Carvalho; Júnia Coutinho Anacleto Silva; Silvia Helena Zem-Mascarenhas
This paper discusses how common sense knowledge can be used by teachers for planning Learning Activities on health care. Using common sense statements which were automatically collected, we are developing software that can be used to support the teaching and learning process, in a more contextualized form. When teachers consider the knowledge that learners already have, taking into account their
Planning Learning Activities Pedagogically Suitable by Using Common Sense Knowledge
Aparecido Fabiano
This paper illustrates the use of common sense knowledge, acquired from volunteers through the web, to support teachers to plan learning activities, which fit to pedagogical issues presented in renowned Learning Theories, so that effective learning can take place. It is approached in this paper how common sense knowledge is related to four Learning Theories, proposed by authors who are
Planning Learning Activities Pedagogically Suitable by Using Common Sense Knowledge
A. F. P. de Carvalho; J. C. Anacleto; S. H. Zem-Mascarenhas
This paper illustrates the use of common sense knowledge, acquired from volunteers through the web, to support teachers to plan learning activities, which fit to pedagogical issues presented in renowned Learning Theories, so that effective learning can take place. It is approached in this paper how common sense knowledge is related to four Learning Theories, proposed by authors who are
Common culture, commodity fetishism and the cultural contradictions of sport
Marcus Free; John Hughson
This article examines the implications of Paul Willis's conceptualizations of 'common culture' and the cultural commodity for understanding sport as a popular cultural form. It argues that Willis's Ethnographic Imagination(2000) successfully addresses accusations of 'cultural populism' against his earlier Common Culture(1990) by acknowledging the tensions between creative cultural consumption and the political economy of cultural production. Hence his conceptualization of
Neurovascular Compression of the Common Peroneal Nerve by Varicose Veins
N Yamamoto; K Koyano
Compression of the common peroneal nerve occurs sometimes, but compression caused by varicose veins has not been reported before. We report a case of common peroneal nerve compression syndrome which was confirmed and treated surgically. A 63-year-old woman complained of parćsthesia on the lateral aspect of the right leg, which was worse in the evening. A primary varicose vein arising
Implementing the Common Core State Standards: State Spotlights
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Council of Chief State School Officers, 2013
As of the 2012-2013 school year, over 20 states have formally moved to the Common Core State Standards being used as the learning expectations for all students across the state, and the remainder will be doing so in the 2014-2015 school year. This document highlights state initiatives that are supporting Common Core implementation in the following…
The Common Test Station (CTS) for guided weapons testing
S. W. Larson
The Common Test Station (CTS) was originally designated as a member of the CASS DoD Automatic Test Equipment (ATE) family. This designation was a result of expected commonality of design architecture and equipment selection between CASS and the CTS. The Navy's CASS was originally targeted for a broad range of avionics systems in support of Naval aviation and other shipboard
JANUARY TO APRIL DISTRIBUTION OF THE COMMON SHRIMP ON THE SOUTH ATLANTIC CONTINENTAL SHELF Marine L. Farley, Director JANUARY TO APRIL DISTRIBUTION OF THE COMMON SHRIMP ON THE SOUTH ATLANTIC Coast of the United States, are summarized with respect to distribution of Peneid shrimp. It appears
Deforestation in the Commons: A Village Level Approach Jennifer Alix
Sadoulet, Elisabeth
1 Deforestation in the Commons: A Village Level Approach Jennifer Alix ARE 298 Advisor: Elisabeth%, with rates of deforestation second in the world only to Brazil1 . Although many countries have devastating deforestation rates, the Mexican forests are in the unique situation of being located almost entirely in common
Common Core State Standards (CCSS) Mathematics Curriculum Materials
Milner, Fabio Augusto
1 Common Core State Standards (CCSS) Mathematics Curriculum Materials Instruments June 1, 2011 #12;2 Table of Contents Overview of the CCSS Mathematics Curriculum Materials;3 Overview of the Common Core State Standards Mathematics Curriculum Analysis Project In June 2010
Finding a Common Motif of RNA Sequences Using Genetic Programming
Barash, Danny
Finding a Common Motif of RNA Sequences Using Genetic Programming: The GeRNAMo System Shahar Michal the data set. We use genetic programming to predict RNA consensus motifs based solely on the data set. Our system--dubbed GeRNAMo (Genetic programming of RNA Motifs)--predicts the most common motifs without
Biological activity of common mullein, a medicinal plant
Arzu Ucar Turker; N. D Camper
Common Mullein (Verbascum thapsus L., Scrophulariaceae) is a medicinal plant that has been used for the treatment of inflammatory diseases, asthma, spasmodic coughs, diarrhea and other pulmonary problems. The objective of this study was to assess the biological activity of Common Mullein extracts and commercial Mullein products using selected bench top bioassays, including antibacterial, antitumor, and two toxicity assays—brine shrimp
Some Common Properties of Affiliation Bipartite Cooperation-Competition Networks
Da-Ren He
This article presents a brief review about some common properties of cooperation-competition networks described by affiliation bipartite graphs. Firstly, the distributions of three statistical quantities, the two bipartite graph degrees and a projected unipartite graph degree, which describes the network cooperation-competition configuration, are introduced. The common function forms of the distributions are deduced by the analytic and numerical analyses of
Understanding the Common Foreign and Security Policy: Analytical Building Blocs
Helene Sjursen
This paper asks how we can make sense of the efforts in the late 1990s to strengthen the Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP) of the EU and build common institutional structures and shared capabilities in security and defence. Was it only a passing phenomenon, dependent on a particular and temporary state of affairs? Or can we consider such efforts
The Common Core: Are State Implementation Plans Enough?
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Best, Jane; Cohen, Courtney
This policy brief outlines the Common Core implementation plans for 15 states, including the professional development and resources/tools--such as instructional materials, toolkits, frameworks, crosswalks, and curriculum guides--that each state is providing. The authors suggest that supplemental resources like McREL's Common Core…
Divergence and Lifecycle Offsets in Product Families with Commonality
de Weck, Olivier L.
conclude with guidance for product family managers, namely, that commonality be managed dynamicallyDivergence and Lifecycle Offsets in Product Families with Commonality Ryan Boas,1 * Bruce G Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139DIVERGENCE AND LIFECYCLE OFFSETS IN PRODUCT FAMILIES
Peculiarities of common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.) strategy
Valentina Ya. Maryushkina
Maryushkina, V.Ya., 1991. Peculiarities of common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.) strategy. Agric. Ecosystems Environ., 36:207-216. The strategy of common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. ) has been analysed by comparing its position in five phytocenoses of the steppe zone of the Ukraine: weedy-fallow, agrocenoses of sun- flower (Helianthus annuus L. ), wheat ( Triticum aestivum L. ), perennial grass mixture (Bromus
Towards a Common Reference Architecture for Aspect-Oriented Modeling
Towards a Common Reference Architecture for Aspect-Oriented Modeling A. Schauerhuber* W. Schwinger E. Kapsammer W. Retschitzegger M. Wimmer Women's Postgraduate College for Internet Technologies and more comprehensive view on aspect-orientation by discussing a common reference architecture for aspect
Comparative levels of excessive daytime sleepiness in common medical disorders
Alice F. Stroe; Thomas Roth; Catherine Jefferson; David W. Hudgel; Timothy Roehrs; Kenneth Moss; Christopher L. Drake
IntroductionSleep restriction and sleep disorders are common causes of excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS). Medical disorders (MD) can also cause EDS, but previous studies have used non-standardized measures, selected samples, or have examined EDS in singular disorders. This study describes the relative degree of EDS associated with medical disorders to provide comparative data across a range of common medical conditions in
Public Universities and the Neoliberal Common Sense: Seven Iconoclastic Theses
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Torres, Carlos Alberto
Neoliberalism has utterly failed as a viable model of economic development, yet the politics of culture associated with neoliberalism is still in force, becoming the new common sense shaping the role of government and education. This "common sense" has become an ideology playing a major role in constructing hegemony as moral and intellectual…
Creating a Sustainable University and Community through a Common Experience
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Lopez, Omar S.
Purpose: This article aims to provide an overview of Texas State University's Common Experience, an innovative initiative that engaged tens of thousands of people in shared consideration of sustainability as a single topic during academic year 2010-2011. Design/methodology/approach: The discourse begins with an overview of the Common…
Experts, Public to Weigh in on Common Tests
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
McNeil, Michele
As 48 states charge ahead with plans to adopt common academic standards, the U.S. Department of Education will enlist experts and the public to help design a $350 million competition for the next step: the development of common tests. In coming weeks, top Education Department officials will travel to Atlanta, Boston, and Denver for a series of…
Agriculture in transition economies: from common heritage to divergence
Zvi Lerman
The 23 former socialist countries in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) and the Commonwealth of Independent State (CIS) started the transition in 1989-1990 from a common institutional and organizational heritage, represented by the Soviet agricultural model. Despite the common heritage in agriculture, the reform policies in CEE and CIS diverged from the start, as significant differences emerged between the two
Common Sense, Insight, and Neuropsychological Test Performance in Schizophrenia Patients
Joseph P. McEvoy; Marilyn Hartman; Diane Gottlieb; Sandra Godwin; L. Joy Apperson; William Wilson
We report an exploratory study examining the interrelationships among common sense, insight into psychosis, and performance on a battery of neuropsychological tests in 32 patients with schizophrenia evaluated at the time of discharge from involuntary hospitalization at a State psychiatric hospital. Common sense, as measured by the Social Knowledge Questionnaire, was associated with better performance across tests measuring parietal lobe
Running Allegro Common Lisp From Emacs 1 Getting Started
Anderson, Charles W.
Running Allegro Common Lisp From Emacs 1 Getting Started A powerful alternative to running ACL from the unix command line is to run Allegro Common Lisp (ACL) within one window of an Emacs \\Lambda screen can type Lisp expressions into an editor buffer using the full power of the editor to modify
Common Principles of Image Acquisition Systems and Biological Vision
Girod, Bernd
Common Principles of Image Acquisition Systems and Biological Vision BRIAN A. WANDELL, ABBAS EL between biological vision and the technical systems for image analysis or image quality evaluation. However, it is less obvious that biological vision shares common principles with image acquisition systems
Common sunflower seedling emergence across the U.S. Midwest
Technology Transfer Automated Retrieval System (TEKTRAN)
Predicting weed emergence timing from the seed bank can be used by practitioners to schedule post-emergence weed management operations. This study used common sunflower seed from Kansas in 16 site years across the Midwestern U.S. to examine the variability that climate and year had on common sunflo...
The Common Experience of "Otherness:" Ethnic and Racial Minority Faculty.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Sadao, Kathleen C.; Johnsrud, Linda K.
A study identified commonalities in the experiences of ethnic and racial minority faculty members at a predominantly white research university in Hawai'i. Despite the heterogeneity of minority faculty, common experiences include (1) the bicultural stance cultivated; (2) ethnocentrism perceived; (3) and discriminatory behavior experienced. The…
Controversies in the treatment of common anal problems
Sagap, Ismail; Remzi, Feza H
Treating common benign anal diseases has evolved towards more outpatient procedures with better outcome. However, minimizing post-procedure morbidities such as pain and the avoidance incontinence remain the most significant concerns. We introduce some controversies and highlight the developments in current surgical practice for the treatment of common anal problems. PMID:16718832
The Common Law Threesome: Libel, Slander, and Invasion of Privacy.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Anapol, Malthon M.
Unlike most of the regulatory constraints which have impact on the media, libel, slander, and invasion of privacy are common law concepts developed from the precedents of previous court decisions and from reasoning employed in the written judicial opinions of appellate courts. Since common law is thus both traditional in nature and subject to…
Rapid common hardware-in-the-loop development
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Kim, Hajin J.; Moss, Stephen G.; Billings, Roger; Naumann, Charles B.
An approach to streamline the Hardware-In-the-Loop (HWIL) simulation development process is under development. This Common HWIL technique will attempt to provide a more flexible, scalable system. The overall goal of the Common HWIL system will be to reduce communication latencies, minimize redundant development, operational labor and equipment expense. This paper will present current status and test results.
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia and emphysema: in search of common therapeutic targets
Paris-Sud XI, Université de
1 Bronchopulmonary dysplasia and emphysema: in search of common therapeutic targets Jacques R neonate and emphysema of the adult lung are common diseases that are characterized by increased airspace Bronchopulmonary dysplasia and emphysema: two public health problems Optimization of gas-exchange surface area
Technology Transfer Automated Retrieval System (TEKTRAN)
Soybean rust (Phakopsora pachyrhizi H. Sydow & Sydow) has been reported on common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in Asia, South Africa, and the United States. However, there is little information on the interaction of individual isolates of P. pachyrhizi with common bean germplasm. A set of 16 comm...
Make Room for the Common Core in Every Classroom
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Chaffee, Martin; Gullen, Kristine
This article begins by revealing what U.S. secondary school educators think about the Common Core State Standards when they were asked about it at a district professional development session in October 2012. The replies of these educators to the query include "It requires higher-order thinking," "The Common Core starts in…
Common Perceptions of Parents Requesting Personal Exemption from Vaccination
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Luthy, Karlen E.; Beckstrand, Renea L.; Meyers, Carly J. H.
School nurses, as vaccination advocates, need to be aware of parents' common concerns regarding vaccines, so the nurse can develop strategies to communicate with parents. The purpose of this cross sectional, descriptive study was to identify common reasons parents in Utah seek exempting rather than vaccinating their children. Data were…
How the Common Core Boosts Quality and Equality
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Schmidt, William H.; Burroughs, Nathan A.
The adoption of the Common Core State Standards by 46 states and the District of Columbia represents a dramatic departure in U.S. education. In the past, national efforts to improve education have been directed by the federal government and have emphasized resources or organizational structure. In contrast, the Common Core State Standards in math…
ORIGINAL PAPER Ecology and ecosystem impacts of common buckthorn
Minnesota, University of
ORIGINAL PAPER Ecology and ecosystem impacts of common buckthorn (Rhamnus cathartica): a review to use it for food or habitat. Keywords Allelopathy Á Buckthorn Á Competition Á Dispersal Á Growth Á et al. 2002). Rhamnus cathartica L. (common buckthorn), a shrub or tree native to much of Europe
ORIGINAL PAPER Ecology and ecosystem impacts of common buckthorn
Minnesota, University of
ORIGINAL PAPER Ecology and ecosystem impacts of common buckthorn (Rhamnus cathartica): a review Buckthorn Á Competition Á Dispersal Á Growth Á Invasive Á Nitrogen Á Reproduction Á Rhamnus cathartica to be invaded would assist in restora- tion (Byers et al. 2002). Rhamnus cathartica L. (common buckthorn
Technology Transfer Automated Retrieval System (TEKTRAN)
The common staghorn fern (Platycerium bifurcatum is a common ornamental in Florida which is native to Australia, New Guinea and Indonesia. Plants of this fern have colonized trees in both residential and native live oak forests in Broward County in southeastern Florida. The plants colonizing trees i...
Establishing conventional communication systems: Is common knowledge necessary?
Dale J. Barr
How do communities establish shared communication systems? The Common Knowledge view assumes that symbolic conventions develop through the accumulation of common knowledge regarding communication practices among the members of a community. In contrast with this view, it is proposed that coordinated communication emerges a by-product of local interactions among dyads. A set of multi-agent computer simulations show that a population
Cognitive Representation of Common Ground in User Interfaces
Derek Brock; J. Gregory Trafton
We argue that Clark's theory of participant representations of common ground in joint activities between people is relevant to the design of human-computer interaction. Features of common ground can be shown to exist in current interaction models suggesting that computers as sophisticated information processors can be legitimately construed as par- ticipants in the interactive process. Software, though, is rarely designed
Occupational Home Economics and Connecticut's Common Core of Learning.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
RESCUE, Litchfield, CT.
Common Core of Learning encompasses the standards expected of public secondary school graduates in Connecticut. These standards include employment, education, and life skills. A group of occupational home economics educators identified the Common Core components included in this curriculum. This guide provides an overview of selected student…
Automatic Exams Management with the Common Lisp HTTP Server
Antonio Vantaggiato
This paper describes two experiments in automatic testing and grading, using the World Wide Web as a common and ubiquitous interface. Two systems were built using the Common Lisp HTTP Server from MIT and its functionality to generate HTML on the fly: The first one deals with the development of on-line Lisp programming tests. Student programs are evaluated, their output
47 CFR 73.239 - Use of common antenna site.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
47 ? Telecommunication ? 4 ? 2010-10-01 ? 2010-10-01 ? false ? Use of common antenna site. ? 73.239 ? Section 73.239 ? Telecommunication ? FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED) ? BROADCAST RADIO SERVICES ? RADIO BROADCAST SERVICES ? FM Broadcast Stations ? § 73.239 ? Use of common...
37 CFR 41.206 - Common interests in the invention.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
...2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Common interests in the invention. 41.206 Section 41.206 Patents, Trademarks, and...Patent Interferences § 41.206 Common interests in the invention. An administrative patent judge may decline to...
37 CFR 41.206 - Common interests in the invention.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR
...2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Common interests in the invention. 41.206 Section 41.206 Patents, Trademarks, and...Patent Interferences § 41.206 Common interests in the invention. An administrative patent judge may decline to...
How Will the Common Core Initiative Impact the Testing Industry?
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Toch, Thomas; Tyre, Peg
The National Governors Association and the Council of Chief State School Officers have sponsored the development of common K-12 education standards in math and English/language arts--a project known as the Common Core State Standards Initiative (CCSSI)--in an effort to improve college readiness for the nation's students and replace the patchwork…
Rodent nutrition: digestive comparisons of 4 common rodent species.
Grant, Kerrin
This article summarizes the literature regarding digestive strategies and captive diets of common rodent pocket pets. A comparison is made between the 2 suborders in which chinchillas, guinea pigs, hamsters, and gerbils occur, highlighting digestive anatomy and dietary adaptations. Recommended captive diets are provided, as well as common nutritionally related health issues that may be presented to veterinary clinics. PMID:25155666
Establishing Conventional Communication Systems: Is Common Knowledge Necessary?
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Barr, Dale J.
How do communities establish shared communication systems? The Common Knowledge view assumes that symbolic conventions develop through the accumulation of common knowledge regarding communication practices among the members of a community. In contrast with this view, it is proposed that coordinated communication emerges a by-product of local…
Exploring Sense of Community in a University Common Book Program
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Ferguson, Kristen; Brown, Natalya; Piper, Linda
Many post-secondary common book programs purport to increase a sense of community on campus. This study explored whether a common book program at a Canadian university was able to create a sense of community among students. Results indicate that in-class discussions about the book, liking the Facebook page, attending the author lecture, and…
PM and AM noise in common base amplifier
T. I. Boldyreva; V. N. Kuleshov
Theoretical analysis of PM and AM noise introduced by common base (CB) bipolar transistor amplifier and comparison of CB and common emitter (CE) amplifiers are presented. The analysis is based on the approach and the models developed and used in the papers (1997, 1998). Power spectral densities (PSD) of PM and AM noises of CB amplifier (both wideband and 1\\/f
Common Edge-Unzippings for Tetrahedra Joseph O'Rourke
O'Rourke, Joseph
Common Edge-Unzippings for Tetrahedra Joseph O'Rourke June 8, 2011 Abstract It is shown to a common net. In particular, it is established for infinite classes of triples of tetrahedra. 1 tetrahedra. Department of Computer Science, Smith College, Northampton, MA 01063, USA. orourke
Testing and analysis of common mode characteristics of Ethernet transformers
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Bowen, D.; Krafft, C.; Mayergoyz, I.
The testing of the common mode transfer characteristics of Ethernet transformers with (and without) inductive chokes is presented. The experimental results are compared with analytical models of common mode transfer functions of Ethernet transformers. The theory and experiment data are found to be in good agreement.
47 CFR 73.239 - Use of common antenna site.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR
47 ? Telecommunication ? 4 ? 2013-10-01 ? 2013-10-01 ? false ? Use of common antenna site. ? 73.239 ? Section 73.239 ? Telecommunication ? FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED) ? BROADCAST RADIO SERVICES ? RADIO BROADCAST SERVICES ? FM Broadcast Stations ? § 73.239 ? Use of common...
47 CFR 73.239 - Use of common antenna site.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR
47 ? Telecommunication ? 4 ? 2014-10-01 ? 2014-10-01 ? false ? Use of common antenna site. ? 73.239 ? Section 73.239 ? Telecommunication ? FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED) ? BROADCAST RADIO SERVICES ? RADIO BROADCAST SERVICES ? FM Broadcast Stations ? § 73.239 ? Use of common...
47 CFR 73.239 - Use of common antenna site.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR
47 ? Telecommunication ? 4 ? 2012-10-01 ? 2012-10-01 ? false ? Use of common antenna site. ? 73.239 ? Section 73.239 ? Telecommunication ? FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED) ? BROADCAST RADIO SERVICES ? RADIO BROADCAST SERVICES ? FM Broadcast Stations ? § 73.239 ? Use of common...
Unobtrusive Integration of Magnetic Generator Systems into Common Footwear
to carrying relatively large-capacity batteries is to harvest the energy of everyday human motion and useUnobtrusive Integration of Magnetic Generator Systems into Common Footwear by Jeffrey Yukio of Magnetic Generator Systems into Common Footwear by Jeffrey Yukio Hayashida Submitted to the Department
Common factors in international securitized real estate markets
Kim Hiang Liow; James R. Webb
This study investigates the presence of common factors in the securitized real estate markets of the Untied States (US), United Kingdom (UK), Hong Kong (HK), and Singapore (SG). Using a combination of factor analysis and canonical correlation analysis on 10-year monthly return data for 142 real estate securities in the four markets, more common risk factors among real estate securities
Common property rights, adaptive capacity, and response to forest disturbance
Eric A. Coleman
This paper reports the results of a statistical analysis which measures the effects of adaptive capacity on forest conditions in response to a prior disturbance. Particular emphasis is placed on common property rights as a form of institutional adaptive capacity. Common property rights are delineated in terms of rights of access, withdrawal, management, exclusion, and alienation. Using statistical analysis of
How Rhetorical Theories of Genre Address Common Core Writing Standards
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Collin, Ross
This article begins with a review of the forms of writing promoted in the Common Core State Standards. Across content areas, Common Core encourages teachers to attune students' writing to rhetorical concerns of audience, purpose, task, and disciplinary thinking. To address these concerns, teachers might take a rhetorical approach to the study…
Common Factors: Where the Soul of Counseling and Psychotherapy Resides
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Ottens, Allen J.; Klein, James F.
The authors show how theoretical and empirical findings from the common factors and psychotherapy integration literatures possess potential for infusing soul into psychotherapy. They describe the term soul, outline how the definition translates into soul-nurturing psychotherapy, examine the common factors and integration literatures, and discuss…
Joint Service Common Operating Environment (COE) Common Geographic Information System functional requirements
Meitzler, W.D.
In the context of this document and COE, the Geographic Information Systems (GIS) are decision support systems involving the integration of spatially referenced data in a problem solving environment. They are digital computer systems for capturing, processing, managing, displaying, modeling, and analyzing geographically referenced spatial data which are described by attribute data and location. The ability to perform spatial analysis and the ability to combine two or more data sets to create new spatial information differentiates a GIS from other computer mapping systems. While the CCGIS allows for data editing and input, its primary purpose is not to prepare data, but rather to manipulate, analyte, and clarify it. The CCGIS defined herein provides GIS services and resources including the spatial and map related functionality common to all subsystems contained within the COE suite of C4I systems. The CCGIS, which is an integral component of the COE concept, relies on the other COE standard components to provide the definition for other support computing services required.
Birth of common shovelnose rays (Glaucostegus typus) under captive conditions.
Timm, Lori L; Carter, Joshua E; Frey, Joshua; Prappas, James; Wells, R J David
The common shovelnose ray (Glaucostegus typus) is a poorly studied species of the Rhinobatidae family that occurs throughout the Indo-West Pacific. Although common in aquariums throughout the United States, there are currently no records of captive birth events. In 2013, a female common shovelnose ray housed at the Downtown Aquarium in Houston, Texas, USA gave birth to eleven pups. Although all pups were stillborn, this event demonstrates that it is possible to breed common shovelnose rays in a controlled environment. The single female and two male common shovelnose rays at the aquarium are of sexually mature size (between 206 and 240?cm total length, TL), demonstrate mating behaviors, and provide an excellent opportunity to investigate the reproductive biology of this species. Captive environmental conditions of the birth enclosure may be useful in replicating the birthing event in order to develop a breeding program that could potentially relieve collection pressures on wild populations of guitarfish given their vulnerable status. PMID:25043106
A Method for Analyzing Commonalities in Clinical Trial Target Populations
He, Zhe; Carini, Simona; Hao, Tianyong; Sim, Ida; Weng, Chunhua
ClinicalTrials.gov presents great opportunities for analyzing commonalities in clinical trial target populations to facilitate knowledge reuse when designing eligibility criteria of future trials or to reveal potential systematic biases in selecting population subgroups for clinical research. Towards this goal, this paper presents a novel data resource for enabling such analyses. Our method includes two parts: (1) parsing and indexing eligibility criteria text; and (2) mining common eligibility features and attributes of common numeric features (e.g., A1c). We designed and built a database called "Commonalities in Target Populations of Clinical Trials" (COMPACT), which stores structured eligibility criteria and trial metadata in a readily computable format. We illustrate its use in an example analytic module called CONECT using COMPACT as the backend. Type 2 diabetes is used as an example to analyze commonalities in the target populations of 4,493 clinical trials on this disease. PMID:25954450
Markers linked to the bc-3 gene conditioning resistance to bean common mosaic potyviruses in common bean
Gerardine Mukeshimana; Astrid Pańeda; Cristina Rodríguez-Suárez; Juan José Ferreira; Ramón Giraldez; James D. Kelly
Necrotic strains of bean common mosaic potyviruses are becoming increasingly problematic in bean growing areas of Africa and Europe. Pyramiding epistatic resistance genes provides the most effective long-term strategy for disease control against all known strains of the virus. Indirect selection using tightly linked markers should facilitate the breeding of desired epistatic resistance gene combinations. In common bean, the most
Relation of Lake Acidification and Recovery to Fish, Common Loon and Common Merganser Occurrence in Algoma Lakes
Donald K. McNicol
Models are needed that predict both spatial and temporal improvements to ecosystems following reductions of acidifying emissions that produce `acid rain'. Logistic regression models were developed for the occurrence of fish and two fish-eatingbirds, common loons (Gavia immer) and common mergansers(Mergus merganser), using monitoring data collected onlakes across Ontario. These models were applied in the Algomaregion, including the Turkey Lakes
Mercury and selenium accumulation in common loons (Gavia immer) and common mergansers (Mergus merganser) from eastern Canada
Anton M. Scheuhammer; D. Bond; A. H. K. Wong
Liver, kidney, and breast muscle tissue from common loons and common mergansers from eastern Canada were analyzed for total Hg, organic Hg, and Se concentrations. In both species, Hg and Se concentrations were generally highest in liver, followed by kidney, then breast muscle. As total Hg concentrations increased in liver and kidney tissues, the fraction that was methylmercury (MeHg) decreased.
Common mycorrhizal networks amplify size inequality in Andropogon gerardii monocultures.
Weremijewicz, Joanna; Janos, David P
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi can interconnect plant root systems through hyphal common mycorrhizal networks, which may influence the distribution of limiting mineral nutrients among interconnected individuals, potentially affecting competition and consequent size inequality. Using a microcosm model system, we investigated whether the members of Andropogon gerardii monocultures compete via common mycorrhizal networks. We grew A. gerardii seedlings with isolated root systems in individual, adjacent containers while preventing, disrupting or allowing common mycorrhizal networks among them. Fertile soil was placed within the containers, which were embedded within infertile sand. We assessed mycorrhizas, leaf tissue mineral nutrient concentrations, size hierarchies and the growth of nearest neighbors. Plants interconnected by common mycorrhizal networks had 8% greater colonized root length, 12% higher phosphorus and 35% higher manganese concentrations than plants severed from common mycorrhizal networks. Interconnected plants were, on average, 15% larger and had 32% greater size inequality, as reflected by Gini coefficients, than those with severed connections. Only with intact common mycorrhizal networks were whole-plant dry weights negatively associated with those of their neighbors. In the absence of root system overlap, common mycorrhizal networks likely promote asymmetric competition below ground, thereby exaggerating size inequality within A. gerardii populations. PMID:23356215
Common dental and periodontal diseases: evaluation and management.
Laudenbach, Joel M; Simon, Ziv
Physicians may encounter patients with dental and periodontal diseases in the context of outpatient medical practice. It is important for physicians to be aware of common dental and periodontal conditions and be able to assess for the presence and severity of these diseases. This article reviews common dental and periodontal conditions, their cardinal signs and symptoms, outpatient-setting assessment techniques, as well as common methods of treatment. Physicians detecting gross abnormalities on clinical examination should refer the patient to a dentist for further evaluation and management. PMID:25443675
Pulse amplifier with high common-mode rejection
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Ijlst, P.
A pulse amplifier which suppresses the high common-mode input signal by means of a special transformer was developed for pulsed electron beams in an electron accelerator. The Compton detector, common-mode signal, user requirements, design requirements, and scheme are presented. The theoretical treatment of second order systems, noise in operational amplifiers, and pulse transformers is explained. The optimization of the noise suppression, restoration of the dc level, transformer design, and choice of operational amplifier are outlined. The global circuit is presented. Measurements show that the required common-mode rejection ratio and bandwidth are not realized. The other specification (e.g., drift) are fulfilled.
Modeling a Common-Source Amplifier Using a Ferroelectric Transistor
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Sayyah, Rana; Hunt, Mitchell; MacLeond, Todd C.; Ho, Fat D.
This paper presents a mathematical model characterizing the behavior of a common-source amplifier using a FeFET. The model is based on empirical data and incorporates several variables that affect the output, including frequency, load resistance, and gate-to-source voltage. Since the common-source amplifier is the most widely used amplifier in MOS technology, understanding and modeling the behavior of the FeFET-based common-source amplifier will help in the integration of FeFETs into many circuits.