text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|PCT number
|Publication date
|Mar 9, 2004
|Filing date
|Jul 2, 1998
|Priority date
|Jul 2, 1998
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Gary Berg, Jill H. Ernst, Chester G. Nelson, Charles Stomberg, Jeffrey D. Wilkinson
|Original Assignee
|Medtronic, Inc.
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (29), Non-Patent Citations (3), Referenced by (90), Classifications (4), Legal Events (4)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This invention is related to inter-device communications between medical devices and most particularly to systems that employ sub stimulation threshold pulses for such communications.
The high cost and general level of difficulty in communicating with an implanted medical device using a low cost external instrument has prevented widespread usage of the data which is currently available from pacemaker and other implantable medical devices to augment traditional transtelephonic home follow-up.
Health care systems are increasingly emphasizing and rewarding those products which reduce the cost of obtaining, communicating, and managing patient data. Therefore inexpensive devices for remotely monitoring the essential status of pacemaker patients and patients with other implantable medical devices is highly desirable. Even small improvements may have significant economic and medical benefit.
Difficulties arise in transferring large amounts of data between an implanted medical device and external monitors or other medical communications systems. Telemetry using RF or E fields and H fields is commonly practiced in, for example, the field of implantable devices such as pacemakers and defibrillator/cardioversion devices in communicating information between the implant and the external transceiving device for example, a programmer. This has limitations as well, primarily on the cost for the external device which goes up considerably if it needs to receive telemetry. Also, the energy cost of transmitting information from the implanted device to outside the patient's body is higher than using subthreshold electrical pulses and this therefore depletes the implant's battery, weighing against using telemetry too. The overriding consideration for employing external devices to receive data through skin contact electrodes is the simplicity and low cost of the one-way (receiving) device. (The receiving device could even be worn like a wrist watch and receive subthreshold communications for later retransmission).
Therefore to enable better device transmitted communications as the data amounts and transfer rates are desirably increased, a communications protocol and implementing hardware that facilitates such communications has been developed and is the subject of this document.
A list of references where similar or related inventions in the same or other unrelated fields were contemplated follows, and is incorporated into this disclosure by this reference thereto.
Davis et al.
U.S. Pat. No.
Spinelli et at.
U.S. Pat. No.
Coppock et al.
U.S. Pat. No.
Yomotov, et al.
U.S. Pat. No.
Fujii et al.
U.S. Pat. No.
Nappholz et al.
U.S. Pat. No.
Nolan et al.
U.S. Pat. No.
Prutchi et at.
U.S. Pat. No.
U.S. Pat. No.
4,987,897, and
U.S. Pat. No.
Additionally the Cardiac Telecom HEARTTrac(tm) cardiac monitoring system may provide additional information about such communications but at this date the inventors have not had an opportunity to review this matter.
There still is a need for a very inexpensive method of getting large amounts of data from an implanted device to an external device that is as yet unsatisfied by this art. This is especially true in rural areas and in places where sophisticated telemetry systems may be difficult to use or obtain.
In general this invention provides a way for an implantable medical device to communicate a limited amount of stored data or sensor or status data such as battery status and lead condition to an inexpensive external instrument. Additionally it would be an advantage to be able to also transmit marker data for electrocardiograms. Rather than relying on the more traditional telemetry communications channel which requires a large amount of support circuitry and so forth, we are using certain subthreshold electrical pulsing capability present in some current implantable medical devices for this purpose. This subthreshold pulsing may be delivered along different pathways for minute ventilation, lead impedance, and capture detection, as well as for this new communications purpose. In a preferred embodiment this circuit 10 outputs pulses at rates up to 125 Hz. By modulating a series of such pulses we can easily send data at 10 to 100 bps or even higher data rates. Preferably, communication occurs on a dedicated set of such pulses.
The pulse train can be by modulated to include data in several ways. The form (its amplitude or width for example) of the wave of the communications pulse may be varied in discrete steps. Including or omitting pulses at a given time in a segment length of time can represent various forms of data. Pairing of pulses to send a data bit may be employed. For example, a zero (0) bit could be represented by a pulse followed by a missing pulse, while a one (1) would be represented by a missing pulse followed by a pulse. By limiting ourselves to having at least one missing pulse every two pulse locations, we eliminate the possibility of a 00 or 11 configuration and enhance reliability in reading and allows for easier synchronization by this limitation too. Again, since it is so much less costly we make the communication be only one way. However, so that the implanted device is not communicating constantly to a turned off or disconnected receiver, it is also preferable to trigger a communications episode or session from external to the implanted device. This can be done with a simple "telemetry system" or a substitute for one like a magnet and an internal reed switch that is in the implant device circuitry and which when triggered by the presence of the magnet, begins a communications episode. (Of course, if a more sophisticated external device is used this sub threshold communication may run simultaneously with or be triggered by the H or E field telemetry. But the preferred embodiments will use simple triggers like sounds or magnets or externally applied electrical pulses, or a short burst of H or E field signal produced by an inexpensive external trigger device.) More specifically, each pulse is adapted to avoid pacing, or any tissue stimulation, and to avoid or minimize its effect on the lead to tissue interface. The size of the electrical pulse energy is therefore below the threshold required for cardiac or skeletal muscle stimulation. These pulses can be safely applied by a pacemaker electrode in a pattern which makes them easily and reliably detectable and interpretable by a simple external device.
A few modifications to currently known devices for delivering subthreshold pulses allows for delivery of modulated pulses. A simple detection algorithm can be implemented in external receivers which normally read electrograms of the patient by use of skin electrodes. The data read can be translated, error-checked, or otherwise modified to transmit the data to the external device. The external device can store this or transmit it to other devices or employ it directly to display diagnostically useful information or device related information for attending technicians or physicians.
In general then the invention is a communications system for communicating between an implanted medical device and a device external to a living body containing said implanted medical device wherein communications of data from within said implanted medical device to said external device is accomplished by a communications circuit for producing modulated biphasic subthreshold pulses in a pattern of modulations predetermined to represent data and insufficiently energetic to cause a physiologically significant reaction in living body tissue, and wherein said modulated pulses are transmitted across two electrodes electrically connected to said implanted device, said electrodes linkable in an electrical circuit from said communications circuit through tissues of said living body, such that said transmission can be received by an external device through a plurality of electrodes connected to said external device when such external device electrodes are in contact with the surface of said body, and the modulations of said subthreshold pulses will be at least one of the set of modulations comprising (adjustments to timing between delivery of pulses, changing amplitude of pulses, absence of a pulse or pulses in a train of pulses, altered or alternating polarity of pulses, and alterations in pulse width).
It has a medical information device for receiving modulated biphasic subthreshold electrical pulses in a pattern of modulations predetermined to represent data and insufficiently energetic to cause a physiologically significant reaction in living body tissue through electrodes for affixation to a living body surface having a detecting circuit for detecting said subthreshold pulses through said electrodes, comprising an amplifier circuit connected to said electrodes and producing an amplified output signal representing an electrical waveform composed substantially of said modulations of said pulses, and having a detecting circuit output for sending said amplified output signal, a decoding circuit comprising a circuit for reading each pulse modulation in said representation of the electrical waveform sent on said detecting circuit output, and for determining a data bit pattern representing data decoded from said modulations in said representation of said electrical waveform, and a conversion circuit for producing a signal representative of the useful information in said bit pattern.
In one preferred form, the decoding circuit determines one data bit value based on based on whether a paired sequence of pulses is in a present-then-absent order, and an opposite data bit value based on an absent-then-present order, in another, the decoding circuit determines a data bit value based on the order of the polarity of a biphasic pulse, in yet another, the decoding circuit determines a data bit value based on whether a biphasic pulse is relatively wide or narrow, and in still another form, the decoding circuit determines a data bit value based on a measure of relative amplitude of a biphasic In fact, the decoding circuit could determine data bit values based on a combination of modulations in said subthreshold pulses.
The useful information communicated can represent marker channel information, data representing physiologic data about a patient or information about a device sending the subthreshold communications from within a body.
The system operates via a method for communicating between an implantable medical device and an external device, starting with some data within an implantable medical device, sending a triggering signal to an implantable medical device, activating said implantable medical device in response to said triggering signal so as to encode and send a modulated set of subthreshold electrical pulses from said implantable device in accord with a protocol having for each data packet a header followed by substantive information, receiving the subthreshold pulses across a pair of electrodes on the surface of the body and decoding modulations of said subthreshold pulses so as to produce a data output representative of the data transmitted by the implantable medical device.
Preferably, the encoding further adds in error correcting code data to the modulated subthreshold pulses in each packet.
On the other side of the communications system is the implantable medical device which has a memory for storing data to be transmitted to an external device and a communication circuit for transmitting subthreshold signals representing data stored in said memory across electrodes external to but electrically connected to the communications circuit, wherein said communications circuit has a generating circuit for producing a biphasic pulse having a modulatable characteristic, said producing circuit adapted to configure each biphasic communications pulse in a pulse train in accord with a value represented by a modulation information signal, a conversion circuit for providing to said generating circuit said modulation information signal to control the modulation of said biphasic pulses, and a configuration circuit for translating data signal values from said memory into modulation signal values for sending said modulation values to said conversion circuit in a stream of values representative of an encoded translation of said data values in said memory. It should also have a trigger circuit for receiving a trigger signal from outside a body and for producing an internal trigger signal on such an occurrence, and an initiation circuit to receive said internal trigger signal from said trigger circuit and on such receipt to initiate program control of functioning of said generation, translation, and configuration circuits so as to send a stream of translated, converted and modulated biphasic communications pulses across said electrodes. In one embodiment, the present invention is a system that includes an implantable medical device having a can with surface electrodes positioned for contact with patient tissue. The system also includes a pair of stimulation electrodes for connection to patient tissue and a pulse generation circuit inside the can. The system further includes an electrode switching circuit that is coupled to the pulse generation circuit and delivers electrical stimulation pulses produced by the pulse generation circuit that are above a patient tissue stimulation threshold to the pair of stimulation electrodes as therapy to a patient. The electrode switching circuit also delivers subthreshold pulses produced by the pulse generation circuit to the can surface electrodes in a predetermined pattern of modulations constituting an encoded data signal that propagates as a signal transmission through the patient tissue. The system also includes a control circuit that is coupled to the pulse generation circuit and the electrode switching circuit, causes the pulse generation circuit to selectively generate the stimulation pulses and the subthreshold pulses, and causes the electrode switching circuit to selectively apply the selectively generated pulses to the pair of stimulation electrodes and the can surface electrodes. The system also includes a plurality of electrodes adapted to be electrically connected to a patient's skin to receive the subthreshold pulses transmitted through the patient tissue. In addition, the system includes an external device coupled to the skin electrodes to detect the encoded data signal.
Of course, any communications to the external device could be done so as to later be sent by the external device across a telephone or other communications network to a medical information group located at a distant receiver.
Numerous other features and advantages are described with reference to the following drawings.
FIG. 1 is a graph of a generalized biphasic pulse for use with this invention.
FIG. 2 is a graph of four broken segments showing pulse modulation features in accordance with preferred forms of this invention.
FIG. 3 is a heuristic block diagram.
FIG. 4 is a graph of a preferred biphasic pulse for use with this invention.
FIG. 5 is a graph of a pair of preferred biphasic pulses for use with this invention
FIG. 6 is a graphic drawing of a pulse stream in accord with a preferred form of this invention.
FIG. 7 is a graphic representation of a timing diagram with cardiac event features and time periods highlighted as features thereon.
FIG. 8 is a graphic representation of a timing diagram like FIG. 7.
FIG. 9a is a simplified block diagram representing the features an implanted device may have in a preferred form of the invention.
FIG. 9b is a simplified block diagram representing the exterior (outside of the patient) device as would be used with a preferred form of this invention.
FIG. 10 is a block diagram representation of a protocol.
FIG. 11 is a block circuit diagram.
The basic pulse waveform is shown in FIG. 1 by line 10. In general it can be described by an amplitude expressed in voltage (Vpw) and either side of the biphasic pulse can define a specific time period (Tpw). (For physiologic reasons, the net energy delivered to the muscle must be zero.) In order to code data using these pulses, characteristics of each individual pulse may be modulated, the relationship between pulses may be modulated, or some combination of techniques used. Each modulation technique can be used to include multiple bits per pulse to raise the transmission rate. Combining multiple techniques can additionally raise the information transfer rate.
FIG. 4 describes a single subthreshold waveform 40 having been positive peak at 41 and a negative peak at 42, and timing measurements described by arrows 43-48.
FIG. 5 is being graph 50, of two adjacent pulses 51 and 52, having the same time measurement values on pulse 51 and additionally describes a new time parameter illustrated by arrow 53.
Individual pulses can vary by width (Tpw) or amplitude (Vpw). Additionally by choosing complementary pair electrode hardware (e.g. delivering the pulse, tip to can first and then can to tip in a pacemaker configuration), the polarity relationship of the pulse phases can be changed from positive/negative to negative/positive. Such variations as just described are illustrated in FIG. 2. Note on the figure the changes in height of the pulses on line 3, the width of the pulses on line 4, the change in the order or phase polarity on line 5 of the pulses, and the one combined form of amplitude, width, and polarity modulation in line 6. The interval between pulses can also be used to include data bits of information. The repetition rate (pulse frequency modulation) or missing pulse configuration in a constant rate pulse train (another form of pulse frequency modulation) may be used to encode information into the pulse stream of subthreshold pulses.
Also, missing pulse modulation is difficult to combine with the modulations illustrated in FIG. 2 since pulses would frequently be omitted in the pulse stream. This would make interpretation difficult. In general the specific technique or techniques must be decided by the user of this invention as a result of considering trade-offs between increasing data rate with more complex demodulation, lower cost external instruments, and achieving a specific level of reliability.
For the purpose of explanation, we describe a simple frequency pulse modulation scheme that is easily decoded and produced, employing a constant space between times for pulses to possibly occur and the absence or occurrence of a pulse during such times indicating a data "1" or "0". However we also describe how to enable numerous other modulation schemes which employ the available features of the subthreshold pulse we can deliver. One of ordinary skill in this art can employ the heuristic principles described with reference to the simple frequency modulation scheme we describe to the other forms of pulse modulation available without difficulty. The designer of a device in accord with this disclosure will have to consider that the more complex the modulation scheme employed, the more complex and expensive the receiver will probably have to be. Accordingly it is expected that the person of ordinary skill have some knowledge of the use of biopotential amplifiers.
FIG. 6 illustrates an 8 millisecond segment 20 of information under this simple modulation scheme. In this space of 8 mS, 5 pulses can be sent, but only 4 are, pulses 10 a-d. (The segment may also be considered 10 mS long if you include the full time for the fifth pulse to end before the 6 the pulse may be allowed to occur). The time between each same sized and polarity simple biphasic subthreshold pulse is expected to be (for this modulation scheme) 2 mS. There is one space for a pulse missing between pulse lOc and lOd. Thus, the segment would be read, in its simplest form as a digital data stream of 11101. As is well known to those of ordinary skill in the communications art, this could be a part of a series of allowable pulse configurations, for example where only one "zero" is allowed and must be positioned in either the second or fourth position, thus yielding only three bits of information from a five pulse long code. Such pulse code schemes are used to enhance through redundancy the ability of a receiver to guess at the correct data where, for example one or another pulse might be lost in a noisy environment. We use checksum data for example, but other redundancies and well know schemes used for the same purposes should be considered to be within the ambit of this invention.
Another preferentially designed feature is the limitation of transmission times to segments of time related to a sensed cardiac event or a pacing pulse. (Use of this feature is preferred especially where the receiver cannot distinguish communications pulses from physiologic signals very well, or more importantly, where there may be doubt about the inability of the communications pulses to trigger physiologic reaction in the patient's cells). FIG. 7 illustrates such a preferred embodiment. The segments such as segment 20 of FIG. 6 are limited in time to a period wherein the tissue is refractory to responding to stimulation after the delivery of a pulse (A or VP point on the line 25) or after an equal amount of time following a cardiac natural event (A or VS). These preferred transmission time periods are referenced with numerals 21 and 22.
Referring to FIG. 8, there is a single channel transmission in the atrial channel having marker channel information in each transmission. The atrial channel is on line A and the ventricular channel is line V. In this illustrated scheme, a redundant transmission occurs after an event, here VP2, was triggered by the occurrence of an Atrial Sense event AS. Since it occurred in the transmission frame of the Amarker D3, the same Amarker data will be retransmitted.
Such periods are chosen to be set for the period of time the cardiac tissue is refractory to stimulation, thus even communication of subthreshold pulses near the stimulation threshold for the tissue will not cause a depolarization. These times of absolute tissue refractoriness are well known in the pacemaker art.
When used in this manner, simple but powerfully descriptive maker channel information can be transmitted. (The seminal disclosure regarding marker channel information generally is U.S. Pat. No. 4,374,382 issued to Markowitz and incorporated herein by this reference). Thus, for a 24 bit data stream in each space following a pacing pulse the available amount of information for transmission using our simple preferred scheme for modulation is 224 messages. Thus, the receiving device could have a lookup table with 224 entries, which could be used for transmitting that much information regarding the present state of the implanted device, it's history, the patient's physiological event history and in fact, any data usefully used outside the body where the implant resides. It is of course, important to recognize that with the inclusion of framing and error checking information as integral parts of the bit stream, substantially less than this amount of data will be available. Thus, the size of the table could be reduced to include spacer information, headers, or other redundancies to ensure correct receipt of the intended transmitted information, as might be designed into the table by one of ordinary skill. Or, the protocol information can be used by a preprocessing circuit or program to send the remaining substantive data to the table look-up circuit or program. The receiving device could use this information to print maker channel information on the moving electrocardiograph it is making, and/or store the information for later retrieval or transmission to a more empowered device where the information can be interpreted for diagnostic or research purposes.
In our preferred embodiment, we developed a specific integrated circuit for varying the parameters described across a range of values in a series of discrete steps. See Table 1 below for these values. A designer of systems employing this invention can make changes in these selections and ranges within the ambit of this invention so long as the changes continue to provide distinguishable features for the receiver and so long as the pulses are modulated to remain below the threshold which would adversely affect body tissue through electrical stimulation.
Just to detail the clear implications for data transmission again; with a simple modulation scheme as we are detailing here for a preferred form, for example, using a single binary modulation at 2 mS/pulse area, the data rate is about 50 bits per second; or using a similar single pulse modulation scheme such as phase polarity at 125 bits per second, thus the raw data or bit rate is limited to 125 bps. By using some of the independent modulation schemes described above, nine bits per pulse can easily be achieved with a resulting raw data rate of 1125 bps. However, using such high data rates requires a more sophisticated reading device to parse the information from the analog encoding of small power signals, and since for the present moment, price is the main consideration, the simpler modulation schemes are preferred.
Since this data transmission scheme is for transmitting data from between implanted device within a patient's body and an inexpensive external device similar to an electrocardiogram receiver/recording device, some type of redundant transmission information is useful to ensure good transmission of data through noisy environments and less than ideal conditions. Redundancy is also important because there is little or no opportunity to inform the implant that its data is not understood, even if the inexpensive receiver could determine that the data is not good by itself. Multiple transmissions of the same data, and/or various forms of error correction are both classes of useable redundancy that may be employed for this. In one preferred embodiment we send a message having an error correcting code incorporated into the message and use a decoding circuit to correct any errors located in the message. Depending on the complexity of this added redundancy, which will need to be included, the amount of data that can be sent in a given time period will be reduced by from about 5 to 70%.
In another preferred embodiment, we transmit data continuously once the transmission is activated without regard to refractory periods since the size of the pulses is too small to stimulate the tissue response. In this preferred embodiment, much more data can be transmitted in the same period of time since we don't have to wait for refractory periods.
Specifically, in our preferred example embodiment, information is transmitted as words that are 24 bits in length. We could design this in numerous ways, but for marker channel information a word of approximately this length or shorter should be used if transmission time is limited to refractory cardiac times, and is using something close in date rate to the example modulation scheme. Our preferred marker channel words are 21 bits in length. A word can represent data file header, data file segments, or marker channel information. For unipolar lead configuration one word is transmitted per pacing cycle. For bipolar lead configuration up to four words are transmitted per pacing cycle. Marker channel information is transmitted with one word per pace or sense event. All bits within a word need to be transmitted without interruption. If the transmission of a word is interrupted the entire word must be retransmitted at the next available opportunity. A preferred data structure for the transmitted word is as shown.
It should be noted that where the implanted device has no concern about the potential to stimulate tissue, say for example, because it is merely a subcutaneous implant monitoring a local physiologic condition incapable of sending large stimulation pulses, than much longer/shorter or just different data structures could be used, as will by now be apparent to the reader. Additionally, the localization of the external electrodes near the subcutaneous device would obviate any concern about isolating the communication pulses from physiologically produced electric signals.
Data Bit
Data File Header
Used for clock synchronization. D0 is first
bit of word
Indicates that this is a data file header
002 to 112
Used to identify up to 30 data file
segments as a group.
000002 to
Indicates the number of data file segments
to be transmitted in a group.
Transmission complete indicator, 1
indicates that this is the last group to be
000002 to
Unassigned data file header bits.
Error detection and correction information.
Data File
Data Bit
Used for clock synchronization.
000102 to
Used to order data file segments for
reconstruction of data file. 30 segments
can be ordered.
Data (12 bits)
Data field for a data file segment
Error detection and correction information.
Data Bit
Marker Channel
Used for clock synchronization.
Indicates that this is marker channel
0=Atrial lead, 1=Ventricular lead
0=Sense event, 1=Pace event
Sense type
0=Non refractory sense, 1=Refractory
The number of 10 ms10mS periods prior
to the first bit of this frame that the marker
event occurred. Result rounded to the
nearest 10 msmS.
Error detection and correction information.
In one example embodiment that limits transmission to refractory periods but includes marker channel information, data files consist of a data header file and up to 30 data file segments. Such segments can be broken across the refractory periods used in the marker channel transmission times if desired, but this may result in a slower transmission of large amounts of data. On the other hand, by only transmitting in the refractory period, the implanted device is assured of not capturing the cardiac tissue. All information is transmitted twice to allow for the recovery of missed information. If the reading device is expecting the information after the pace (or sensed event) pulse, there is no need for a header. Similarly, marker channel information does not require a header. Marker channel transmission occurs once per event. Incorrect information that can not be corrected with the checksum information will be discarded by the receiver. The data file is constructed as shown:
Cumulative Transmission
File Transmitted
Pace Event
Time at 85 BPM
Unipolar leads
Data header file (group 0)
Data header file (group 0)
Data file segment (0)
Data file segment(1)
Data file segment(n), n ≦ 29
32 for n=29
23 seconds
Data file segment (0)
Data file segment(n), n ≦ 29
64 for n=29
45 Seconds
Bipolar leads (Example shows two groups transmitted)
Data header file (group 0)
(Transmission complete bit = 0)
Data header file (group 0)
Data file segment (0)
Data file segment(1)
Data file segment(n), n ≦ 29
8 for n=29
5.6 seconds
Data file segment (0)
Data file segment(n), n ≦ 29
16 for n=29
11.2 Seconds
Data header file (group 1)
(Transmission complete bit = 1)
Data header file (group 1)
Data file segment (0)
Data file segment(n), n ≦ 29
Data file segment (0)
Data file segment(n), n ≦ 29
32 for n=29
22.4 Seconds
Additionally one may wish to employ a more detailed protocol. An example protocol for data communications is described with respect to FIG. 10 wherein a Marker Frame 101 and a Data Frame 102 structure can coexist in a single transmission. Here the data file bit stream 103 is broken across the two frames 101 and 102 and it resides in chunks of the segment data within the protocol marked Segment #1-N. A synchronization portion 105, a marker space which is zero in one frame and one in the next to distinguish one frame form another 106, segment number or marker type 107 marker time correction data 108 error correcting code 109, and final synchronization space 110, transmitted in the order shown, make up the overall protocol, allowing for easy decoding by a compatible reading device. In a segment having other data than marker data such as frame 102, the segment 108 contains the data. One of ordinary skill in the data communications art will be able to produce innumerable protocol arrangements and the specifics are best left to the designer of the specific devices. Error correcting codes are well known in that field as well. See for example, Error Control Coding: Fundamentals and Applications by Lin and Costello, Prentice Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, N.J., Copr. 1983, and Error Correcting Codes by Peterson and Weldon, 2nd Edition, MIT Press, Boston, Copr. 1972.
The preferred circuitry is described in overview with reference to FIG. 3. A bus 31 connects a microprocessor 32 with the memory 33 and the pulse generator and measurement circuit 34 which develops the subthreshold communications pulses (as it also can develop other subthreshold pulses for purposes such as determining minute ventilation through impedance measurements as was described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,702,253 issued to Napholtz, among others. Such pulses can have other alternative uses as well which may be employed by the same circuitry for generating these pulses any time they are not being used for communications as they are for this invention). A microprocessor or other control circuitry 32 formats a set of register values to be sent to the excitation control register. These register values set the parameters of each individual pulse and its timing to include the desired data values and redundancy. To start communication, the microprocessor writes the first value to the control register under firmware control. Subsequent values are automatically transferred from memory to the control register by either the microprocessor or a the direct memory access (DMA) controller circuit in the microprocessor. A program in memory may control the processor circuit 32 to encode the data sent with the appropriate conversions to the transmission code and include any protocol features that may be required. Microprocessor and program control are the most flexible way to set this operation up, however one could use fixed analog circuitry to avoid use of registers and other memory devices if desired, but that would not be preferred.
An example preferred excitation control register 125 is shown in FIG. 11. As it is well known how to convert values in a register to signal values to modulate a waveform no detailed description is provided here. It is sufficient to say that a larger number of elements (1251 . . . n) provides more flexibility in range between the two polar values of a given pulse modulation characteristic (such as amplitude or pulse width). But since in our preferred embodiment we only determine whether a pulse or non pulse condition will occur at the time for a next pulse during a communication, the flexibility provided by such a register is surplussage for this simple embodiment. If however one prefers to enable more forms of modulation, the diagram of FIG. 11 should be referenced. There, the value in register 125 would program an output circuit 126 to produce the pulse modulated for the characteristics defined by the data in the register 125.
FIG. 9a represents the shell of the implanted device in dotted line 40, here having two surface electrodes 47 and 48, electrically isolated from each other. There may also be electrodes such as an indifferent electrode employing the exterior metal can or housing 14, and electrodes 16 a 16 b 17 a and 17 b on leads located so as to provide stimulation within specific tissues, as illustrated here, in a heart right atrium RA and right ventricle RV. These devices could be pacemakers, cardioverter/defibrillators, drug pumps, or any implanted device which can generate subthreshold pulses for communication in accord with this description. The form of the implanted device is relevant to the choice of modulation and data transmission schemes as has been explained throughout this document. For example, a simple two to four electrode subcutaneous electrocardiogram recording device has no chance of accidentally causing physiologic changes in tissue during use of the communications pulses, so continuous rather than only refractory time communication would be preferred. The systems with more electrode choices may be used to enhance the signal received by the reading device through experiment and the preferred transmission set of electrodes may be fixed at the time of implant.
In FIG. 9a, only the relevant features of a typical implanted device which could be used with this invention are shown. The pulse generator circuit 74 creates the waveform pulse and sequence of pulses in accord with parameters written by the microprocessor 75 under program control to the control register CR of circuit 74. The Microprocessor 74 may transfer these parameters through a DMA circuit or across bus 18. The output of circuit 74 is applied to the electrode switching circuit 71 in accord with the preferred sending path to the selected electrode pair. The configuration of the switches in circuit 71 is determined by values in its control register (not shown) which are in turn selected by the microprocessor under program control. The data communicated will generally reside in a specific area of the memory circuit 10, having been stored there by the implanted device during its normal operation for this purpose. The application of the waveform pulse across a pair of electrodes causes a current to flow and be detectable by an external reading device via electrodes affixed to the skin of a patient. The initiation of a communications session as just described is preferably performed by the activation of some internal switch such as a reed switch or Hall-effect sensor by a magnet placed near the implanted device, or by some kind of telemetered wakeup signal generated by a programmer or a simple activator device capable of transmitting a simple activation sequence. this function is illustrated here by the use of a "telemetry" block in dotted line within the shell 40 of device 41.
FIG. 9b. illustrates an external reading device 60 connected electrically to a patient's skin SK by electrodes PE1 and PE2. The signals received by these electrodes (which could be any combination of known electrocardiogram type electrodes) is fed into a receiving sense amplifier circuit 62, and commonly will produce an analog display of an electrocardiogram 64 which represents the varying signal value found between any two of the leads on the patient's body. Additionally, the input signal is sent to a decoding circuit 63 that detects the bit stream in any of the manners described above, depending on the design of the reading device 60. The data from that stream is fed to a memory and output management circuit 65 for storage and use through communications circuits 66 or by adding to the display or printing an additional display via circuits 67, if desired. Additionally the data may be received in a coded format that requires a decoder circuit to do error correcting and accommodation to redundancies or intradata modulation techniques. Further a microprocessor circuit 68 may have a program that operates on the received data to perform diagnostic or other reporting functions, and a telephonic transmission or other transmission circuit may send the relevant data received and/or digested by the programs to some other devices for further use. Commonly a programmer device 61 will be a receiving device for such information and may perform additional operations on the data. The trigger for the transmission by the device 40 may be from an attached or separate trigger device 86, here a simple magnet, which acts upon the circuit 77 in an appropriate manner to the circuit 77 design. A separate programmer device 61 could also provide the trigger to start the transmission by the implant 40.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Aug 23, 1974
|Mar 30, 1976
|Medalert Corporation
|Electrocardiography signal transmission-reception method including method of measuring pacemaker signal frequency
|Mar 6, 1975
|Apr 24, 1979
|Medtronic, Inc.
|Apparatus for sensing and transmitting a pacemaker's stimulating pulse
|Jan 16, 1981
|Feb 15, 1983
|Medtronic, Inc.
|Marker channel telemetry system for a medical device
|Feb 18, 1981
|Dec 6, 1983
|Jacques Buffet
|Implantable cardiac stimulator having therapeutic diagnostic functions
|Feb 24, 1984
|Jun 11, 1985
|Cardiofrance Compagnie Francaise D'electrocardiologie
|Method for determining parameter values of an implanted programmable pacemaker
|Apr 23, 1982
|Jul 30, 1985
|Survival Technology, Inc.
|Ambulatory monitoring system with real time analysis and telephone transmission
|Apr 5, 1985
|Jul 21, 1987
|Siemens-Pacesetter, Inc.
|Analog and digital telemetry system for an implantable device
|Oct 15, 1985
|Oct 27, 1987
|Telectronics N.V.
|Metabolic-demand pacemaker and method of using the same to determine minute volume
|Nov 25, 1987
|Dec 12, 1989
|Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
|Body activity controlled heart pacer
|Sep 18, 1989
|Jan 29, 1991
|Medtronic, Inc.
|Body bus medical device communication system
|May 25, 1990
|Feb 4, 1992
|Hewlett-Packard Company
|Portable signalling unit for an ekg
|Aug 21, 1990
|May 19, 1992
|Telectronics Pacing Systems, Inc.
|Implantable ambulatory electrocardiogram monitor
|Aug 7, 1991
|Nov 30, 1993
|Medtronic, Inc.
|Input isolation circuit for computer-controlled medical device
|Sep 14, 1992
|Apr 5, 1994
|Telectronics Pacing Systems, Inc.
|Apparatus and method for measuring, formatting and transmitting combined intracardiac impedance data and electrograms
|Sep 24, 1991
|Apr 19, 1994
|Angeion Corporation
|Remote-control temporary pacemaker
|Jan 14, 1992
|May 24, 1994
|Incontrol, Inc.
|Implantable cardiac patient monitor
|Jun 4, 1993
|Apr 11, 1995
|Telectronics Pacing Systems, Inc.
|Leadless implantable sensor assembly and a cardiac emergency warning alarm
|Mar 2, 1993
|May 2, 1995
|Terumo Kabushiki Kaisha
|Cardiac pacemaker using wireless transmission
|Jan 31, 1994
|May 9, 1995
|Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc.
|Using sub-threshold unipolar pacing markers to improve the interpretation of surface EKG in pacemaker patients
|Aug 22, 1994
|Apr 2, 1996
|Cardiocare, Inc.
|Ambulatory electrocardiogram monitor
|Jan 13, 1994
|Aug 13, 1996
|Charles L. Davis
|Real time ambulatory patient monitor
|Apr 15, 1994
|Aug 27, 1996
|Medtronic, Inc.
|Interactive interpretation of event markers in body-implantable medical device
|Nov 4, 1994
|Aug 27, 1996
|Physio-Control Corporation
|Communication interface for transmitting and receiving serial data between medical instruments
|Feb 22, 1995
|Sep 17, 1996
|Intermedics, Inc.
|Implantable medical device with enclosed physiological parameter sensors or telemetry link
|May 11, 1995
|Dec 24, 1996
|T Z Medical, Inc.
|Pacemaker and heart monitoring and data transmitting device and method
|Sep 4, 1996
|Apr 21, 1998
|Daly; Christopher Newton
|Embedded data link and protocol
|May 6, 1997
|May 4, 1999
|Pacesetter, Inc.
|Descriptive transtelephonic pacing intervals for use by an emplantable pacemaker
|Dec 18, 1996
|Dec 7, 1999
|Medtronic, Inc.
|Implantable device telemetry system and method
|Mar 6, 1998
|Oct 31, 2000
|Intermedics Inc.
|Data transmission using a varying electric field
|"Implantable Leads" Designation and Technical Data, Copyright 1985 by BIOTRONIK GmbH & Co.
|"Thermos 02 Single Chamber Pacing with Physiological Temperature Controlled Rate Adaptation" Copyright 1990 BIOTRONIK GmbH & Co.
|Schaldach, M., "Compensation of Chronotropic Incompetence with Temperature-Controlled Rate Adaptive Pacing", Biomed. Technik 33 (1988). 286-294.
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Nov 18, 2003
|Feb 27, 2007
|Ge Medical Systems Information Technologies, Inc.
|Printed digital ECG system and method
|Dec 14, 2006
|Mar 3, 2009
|General Electric Co.
|Printed digital physiological data system and method
|May 24, 2006
|Dec 8, 2009
|Pacesetter, Inc.
|System and method for communicating information using encoded pacing pulses within an implantable medical system
|May 31, 2006
|Jun 1, 2010
|Allergan, Inc.
|Locator system for implanted access port with RFID tag
|May 9, 2003
|Dec 21, 2010
|Ela Medical S.A.S.
|Remote support system for programming active implantable medical devices such as cardiac pacemakers, defibrillators, cardiovertors or multisite devices
|Sep 12, 2005
|Feb 15, 2011
|Medtronic, Inc.
|System and method for unscheduled wireless communication with a medical device
|Oct 13, 2006
|May 3, 2011
|Nanostim, Inc.
|Rate responsive leadless cardiac pacemaker
|Oct 13, 2006
|May 17, 2011
|Nanostim, Inc.
|Programmer for biostimulator system
|Jul 12, 2011
|Proteus Biomedical, Inc.
|Communication system with partial power source
|Oct 13, 2006
|Aug 30, 2011
|Nanostim, Inc.
|Delivery system for implantable biostimulator
|Aug 29, 2005
|Sep 27, 2011
|Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc.
|Pacemaker RF telemetry repeater and method
|Nov 13, 2009
|Oct 11, 2011
|Proteus Biomedical, Inc.
|Ingestible therapy activator system and method
|Oct 17, 2007
|Nov 8, 2011
|Proteus Biomedical, Inc.
|Low voltage oscillator for medical devices
|Dec 10, 2009
|Nov 8, 2011
|Proteus Biomedical, Inc.
|Evaluation of gastrointestinal function using portable electroviscerography systems and methods of using the same
|Sep 12, 2005
|Nov 22, 2011
|Medtronic, Inc.
|System and method for unscheduled wireless communication with a medical device
|Dec 15, 2009
|Feb 14, 2012
|Proteus Biomedical, Inc.
|Body-associated receiver and method
|May 23, 2008
|Feb 14, 2012
|Proteus Biomedical, Inc.
|RFID antenna for in-body device
|Mar 29, 2010
|Feb 21, 2012
|Concaten, Inc.
|Smart modem device for vehicular and roadside applications
|Dec 8, 2008
|Feb 21, 2012
|Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc.
|Implantable medical device with hall sensor
|Sep 12, 2005
|May 22, 2012
|Medtronic, Inc.
|Communication system and method with preamble encoding for an implantable medical device
|Mar 5, 2009
|Sep 4, 2012
|Proteus Biomedical, Inc.
|Multi-mode communication ingestible event markers and systems, and methods of using the same
|Jun 30, 2009
|Sep 4, 2012
|Boston Scientific Neuromodulation Corporation
|Moldable charger with shape-sensing means for an implantable pulse generator
|Oct 14, 2011
|Oct 2, 2012
|Medtronic, Inc.
|System and method for unscheduled wireless communication with a medical device
|May 17, 2011
|Oct 23, 2012
|Nanostim, Inc.
|Programmer for biostimulator system
|Oct 13, 2006
|Jan 8, 2013
|Nanostim, Inc.
|Leadless cardiac pacemaker triggered by conductive communication
|Sep 12, 2005
|Feb 19, 2013
|Medtronic, Inc.
|Implantable medical device communication system with macro and micro sampling intervals
|Aug 30, 2011
|Apr 9, 2013
|Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc.
|Pacemaker RF telemetry repeater and method
|Aug 7, 2012
|Apr 23, 2013
|Boston Scientific Neuromodulation Corporation
|Moldable charger with shape-sensing means for an implantable pulse generator
|Oct 13, 2006
|Jun 4, 2013
|Nanostim, Inc.
|Leadless cardiac pacemaker system for usage in combination with an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator
|Feb 16, 2012
|Aug 13, 2013
|Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc.
|Implantable medical device with hall sensor
|Feb 2, 2010
|Sep 3, 2013
|Nanostim, Inc.
|Leadless cardiac pacemaker with secondary fixation capability
|May 23, 2008
|Sep 24, 2013
|Proteus Digital Health, Inc.
|Low profile antenna for in body device
|Aug 13, 2009
|Sep 24, 2013
|Proteus Digital Health, Inc.
|Identifier circuits for generating unique identifiable indicators and techniques for producing same
|Mar 24, 2010
|Sep 24, 2013
|Proteus Digital Health, Inc.
|Probablistic pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic modeling
|Aug 1, 2012
|Sep 24, 2013
|Proteus Digital Health, Inc.
|Multi-mode communication ingestible event markers and systems, and methods of using the same
|Oct 12, 2011
|Sep 24, 2013
|Nanostim, Inc.
|Temperature sensor for a leadless cardiac pacemaker
|Apr 27, 2010
|Oct 1, 2013
|Proteus Digital Health, Inc.
|Highly reliable ingestible event markers and methods for using the same
|Dec 23, 2011
|Oct 1, 2013
|Proteus Digital Health, Inc.
|Body-associated receiver and method
|Sep 1, 2006
|Oct 1, 2013
|Proteus Digital Health, Inc.
|Implantable zero-wire communications system
|Aug 23, 2010
|Oct 15, 2013
|Proteus Digital Health, Inc.
|Apparatus and method for measuring biochemical parameters
|Sep 23, 2011
|Nov 12, 2013
|Proteus Digital Health, Inc.
|Evaluation of gastrointestinal function using portable electroviscerography systems and methods of using the same
|Jan 5, 2010
|Dec 3, 2013
|Proteus Digital Health, Inc.
|Pharmaceutical dosages delivery system
|Dec 13, 2011
|Dec 24, 2013
|Pacesetter, Inc.
|Delivery catheter systems and methods
|Apr 20, 2011
|Jan 28, 2014
|Medtronic, Inc.
|Disabling an implanted medical device with another medical device
|Mar 13, 2009
|Mar 18, 2014
|Proteus Digital Health, Inc.
|Pharma-informatics system
|Oct 24, 2008
|Mar 18, 2014
|Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc.
|On-demand retransmission of data with an implantable medical device
|Nov 19, 2007
|May 6, 2014
|Proteus Digital Health, Inc.
|Active signal processing personal health signal receivers
|Nov 18, 2010
|May 13, 2014
|Proteus Digital Health, Inc.
|Ingestible circuitry
|Jul 11, 2011
|May 20, 2014
|Proteus Digital Health, Inc.
|Communication system using an implantable device
|Dec 2, 2010
|Jul 22, 2014
|Proteus Digital Health, Inc.
|Integrated ingestible event marker system with pharmaceutical product
|Dec 7, 2012
|Jul 22, 2014
|Pacesetter, Inc.
|Leadless cardiac pacemaker triggered by conductive communication
|Oct 17, 2012
|Jul 22, 2014
|Pacesetter, Inc.
|Programmer for biostimulator system
|Apr 19, 2013
|Aug 5, 2014
|Pacesetter, Inc.
|Leadless cardiac pacemaker system for usage in combination with an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator
|Jul 11, 2011
|Aug 12, 2014
|Proteus Digital Health, Inc.
|Communication system with enhanced partial power source and method of manufacturing same
|May 6, 2013
|Aug 19, 2014
|Proteus Digital Health, Inc.
|Multi-mode communication ingestible event markers and systems, and methods of using the same
|Jun 3, 2011
|Aug 26, 2014
|Proteus Digital Health, Inc.
|Communication system with partial power source
|Jul 11, 2011
|Sep 16, 2014
|Proteus Digital Health, Inc.
|Communication system incorporated in an ingestible product
|Apr 28, 2006
|Sep 30, 2014
|Proteus Digital Health, Inc.
|Pharma-informatics system
|Jul 26, 2011
|Oct 7, 2014
|Pacesetter, Inc.
|Implantable biostimulator delivery system
|Feb 1, 2008
|Oct 14, 2014
|Proteus Digital Health, Inc.
|Ingestible event marker systems
|Nov 4, 2010
|Oct 21, 2014
|Proteus Digital Health, Inc.
|System for supply chain management
|Jul 11, 2011
|Dec 16, 2014
|Proteus Digital Health, Inc.
|Communication system with remote activation
|Mar 7, 2008
|Jan 13, 2015
|Proteus Digital Health, Inc.
|In-body device having a multi-directional transmitter
|Oct 25, 2007
|Feb 3, 2015
|Proteus Digital Health, Inc.
|Controlled activation ingestible identifier
|May 2, 2007
|Feb 17, 2015
|Proteus Digital Health, Inc.
|Patient customized therapeutic regimens
|Feb 14, 2008
|Feb 17, 2015
|Proteus Digital Health, Inc.
|In-body power source having high surface area electrode
|Sep 25, 2008
|Feb 24, 2015
|Proteus Digital Health, Inc.
|In-body device with virtual dipole signal amplification
|Oct 9, 2014
|Apr 7, 2015
|Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc.
|Modular antitachyarrhythmia therapy system
|Jan 28, 2011
|Apr 21, 2015
|Proteus Digital Health, Inc.
|Data gathering system
|Oct 12, 2011
|Apr 28, 2015
|Pacesetter, Inc.
|Leadless cardiac pacemaker with anti-unscrewing feature
|May 23, 2013
|Jun 23, 2015
|Pacesetter, Inc.
|Temperature sensor for a leadless cardiac pacemaker
|Jul 25, 2014
|Jun 23, 2015
|Proteus Digital Health, Inc.
|Multi-mode communication ingestible event markers and systems, and methods of using the same
|Apr 29, 2011
|Jul 7, 2015
|Pacesetter, Inc.
|Rate responsive leadless cardiac pacemaker
|Mar 6, 2014
|Jul 14, 2015
|Proteus Digital Health, Inc.
|Active signal processing personal health signal receivers
|Nov 18, 2011
|Aug 18, 2015
|Proteus Digital Health, Inc.
|Ingestible device with pharmaceutical product
|Nov 18, 2010
|Sep 1, 2015
|Proteus Digital Health, Inc.
|Pharma-informatics system
|May 8, 2013
|Sep 1, 2015
|Proteus Digital Health, Inc.
|Probablistic pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic modeling
|Dec 13, 2011
|Sep 8, 2015
|Pacesetter, Inc.
|Pacemaker retrieval systems and methods
|Nov 7, 2011
|Sep 15, 2015
|Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc.
|Automatic determination of chronotropic incompetence using atrial pacing at rest
|Jan 22, 2004
|Sep 2, 2004
|Medtronic, Inc.
|Implanted medical device/external medical instrument communication utilizing surface electrodes
|Nov 18, 2003
|May 19, 2005
|Kohls Mark R.
|Printed digital ECG system and method
|Oct 25, 2004
|Apr 6, 2006
|Subera Steven J
|System and method for creating a customizable report of data from an implantable medical device
|Aug 29, 2005
|Mar 1, 2007
|Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc.
|Pacemaker RF telemetry repeater and method
|Oct 13, 2006
|Apr 19, 2007
|Jacobson Peter M
|Leadless cardiac pacemaker
|Oct 13, 2006
|Apr 19, 2007
|Jacobson Peter M
|Leadless cardiac pacemaker system with conductive communication
|Oct 13, 2006
|Apr 19, 2007
|Jacobson Peter M
|Rate responsive leadless cardiac pacemaker
|Oct 13, 2006
|Apr 19, 2007
|Jacobson Peter M
|Programmer for biostimulator system
|Oct 13, 2006
|Apr 19, 2007
|Jacobson Peter M
|Delivery system for implantable biostimulator
|Aug 25, 2011
|Nanostim, Inc.
|Rate Responsive Leadless Cardiac Pacemaker
|Jun 18, 2014
|Dec 31, 2014
|BIOTRONIK SE & Co. KG
|Conductive intra-body communication for implantable medical devices
|U.S. Classification
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Oct 29, 1999
Owner name: MEDTRONIC, INC., MINNESOTA
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:BERG, GARY;ERNST, JILL H.;NELSON, CHESTER G.;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:010876/0149;SIGNING DATES FROM 19990917 TO 19990929
|Aug 20, 2007
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|Aug 24, 2011
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 8
|Sep 9, 2015
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 12


text:
|Assembly Required
|Mickey Mouse
|52cm x 52cm x 38cm
|See description
|Product Type
|Kids Beanbags
|Kids Furniture
|1.2 kg
|Disney Mickey Mouse
Delivered from £2.95
by Saturday 17 October
by Saturday 17 October
|Standard: 3-5 days
|Next day
|Named day
|Named day and time
|More delivery info
Returns for UKIf for any reason you are not satisfied with your George Clothing or George Home product, simply return it within 100 days with proof of purchase for an exchange or refund. George branded products only. Excludes watches, jewellery, hair accessories, part assembled flat pack furniture and mattresses. The 100 Day Guarantee only applies to George branded products. Please refer to our terms and conditions for details of our returns and refund process for non-George branded products. Your statutory rights are not affected. UK Mainland stores only. Excludes franchises.
Rated 4.8 out of 5 by 12 reviewers.
Rated 5 out of 5 by Raomats good product Bought it for my nephew and he loved it. 15 June 2015
Rated 5 out of 5 by Steph3 Purchased for my baby boy I purchased this beanbag for my baby boy who didn't like sleeping anymore during the day. I thought the beanbag would be perfect so he could be slightly upright to see what's going in but also comfortable enough to sleep if he wanted too. It has worked wonders for us both. It's light so easy to take from room to room, rather than a bulky baby chair, and must he comfortable as he has fallen aero on it numerous times. 07 March 2015
Rated 5 out of 5 by Mitchells Brilliant 07 February 2015
Rated 3 out of 5 by nanalin smelly fabrics are really smelly when you get them and cover is not separate from the lining so had to completely empty it in order to wash it - very annoying. product description should state this. 13 December 2014
Rated 5 out of 5 by kj135 very good product very good product 29 November 2014
Rated 5 out of 5 by ric25 great Got this for my son and he loves it he carrys it everywere around the house so he can have somwere confy to sit on 06 October 2014
Rated 5 out of 5 by sallymally72 my grandson the mickey fan bought this for my grandson as he Ioves anything Mickey mouse, it's just perfect, it's fairly stiff as it's so new so I am looking forward to when the product softens for more relaxing use :-) 05 September 2014
Rated 5 out of 5 by dasharman baby bean bag We have a bean chair also but it is too big for our baby to get on, so we decided to get him his own, he has just started walking and it is great for him to drop on x 12 July 2014

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Out now, this free report contains a complete overview of code obfuscation technology, including an overview for non-technical executives and a more detailed description for technical managers.
For a limited time, the report is available free on Full Spectrum Software's website. No registration is required.
For additional technical information on code obfuscation technology, please visit PreEmptive Solution's web site at www.preemptive.com.
Medical device companies wishing to learn more about FDA software development company Full Spectrum can visit www.FullSpectrumSoftware.com
Media contact:
Ken Carson
Read the full story at http://www.prweb.com/releases/2008/12/prweb1694814.htm
|Source: PRWeb
Copyright©2008 Vocus, Inc.
All rights reserved


text:
I am using table-cell arrangement of div blocks in my code. There is a problem in my code.
Preview of how my html looks is here
When I have any content (text or image) in my first panel then the
.inner div of the second and third panel have a top margin of some 10-15 pixels. Why is that ?
Can any one look and let me know what I am missing.


text:
'Black Honey' Dual Ended Almost Lipstick & Long Last Glosswear SPF 15
|Item # 372023
Cult favorite Black Honey gets even more seductive in an exclusive 2-in-1 lip duo. One side brings you original, emollient-rich Almost Lipstick; the other features a coordinating can't-buy-it Long Last Glosswear SPF 15 for extra shine. Featured in the Black Honey fall collection.


text:
- Home
- News
- Sports
- Opinion
- Obituaries
- Features
- Special Sections
- Classifieds
- Public Notices
Forgot Password? | Not a User? Sign up
SANTA FE, N.M. (AP) — Santa Fe police continue looking for a man wanted in a strip club shooting.
Police thought they had located 27-year-old Ricky Leyba at his Santa Fe home Monday. They surrounded the residence, but Leyba wasn't inside.
Police tell the Santa Fe New Mexican they have an arrest warrant for Leyba in the shooting of two men early Friday in the parking lot of a strip club.
The wounded men were shot multiple times and remain hospitalized, but their injuries are not considered life-threatening.
If you currently subscribe or have subscribed in the past to the Los Alamos Monitor, then simply find your account number on your mailing label and enter it below.
Click the question mark below to see where your account ID appears on your mailing label.
If you are new to the award winning Los Alamos Monitor and wish to get a subscription or simply gain access to our online content then please enter your ZIP code below and continue to setup your account.
|ZIP Code:


text:
SOURCE: Telegraph (UK)
comments powered by Disqus
Nazis tried to train dogs to talk, read and spell to win WW2Breaking News
The Nazis tried to train dogs to talk, read and spell to help them win World War II, it has been revealed.
The Germans viewed canines as being almost as intelligent as humans and attempted to build an army of fearsome 'speaking' dogs, extraordinary new research shows.
Hitler hoped the clever creatures would learn to communicate with their SS masters - and he even had a special dog school set up to teach them to talk.
The incredible findings show Nazi officials recruited so-called educated dogs from all over Germany and trained them to speak and tap out signals using their paws.
One mutt was said to have uttered the words 'Mein Fuhrer' when asked who Adolf Hitler was.
Another 'spoke' by tapping letters of the alphabet with his paws and was said to have speculated about religion and learnt poetry....
comments powered by Disqus
- Watch Robert Kennedy Push Gun Control In Same Town As Recent Mass Shooting
- October is LGBT History Month
- Textbook publisher apologizes for passage referring to slavery as immigration
- 60 Minutes interviews the priest who's made it his mission to expose the forgotten victims of the Holocaust
- ISIS Destroys Triumphal Arches in Palmyra, Syria
- Finally some good news for history grads
- Historians issue statement in support of European migrants
- Conservative historian Arthur Herman slammed for saying Obama is highly submissive to Putin and other strong leaders
- Intellectual historians to gather in October
- Yuri N. Afanasyev, Historian Who Repudiated Communism, Dies at 81


text:
The much anticipated exhibition organized by Chanel in an unusual museum designed by Zaha Hadid opens in Hong Kong today. Visit the website, it's simply awesome.
Related Links: Hong Kong Hustle | Chanel Mobile Art
The much anticipated exhibition organized by Chanel in an unusual museum designed by Zaha Hadid opens in Hong Kong today. Visit the website, it's simply awesome.
Related Links: Hong Kong Hustle | Chanel Mobile Art
On the evening of Valentine's Day, over $40 million was raised to fight AIDS in Africa at a historic auction in New York — the most significant charity auction of Contemporary Art ever. The winner of the evening was Damien Hirst who donated seven pieces to the auction. Most of his pieces skyrocketed through the evening, including a massive stainless steel cabinet filled with drugs to treat HIV going for an astounding $7,150,000.
We're in the middle of a full-blown recession, the rich are getting richer with plenty of money to spend, and the rest of us are now all in the poor class. It's good to see big fat wallets being used in style for tax-deductible purchases.
Related article at NME.COM
"In a world…
where nature and science have emerged, where technology breathes and where living without it is impossible.
This futuristic world is the inspiration for a collection of imitation fur, for the fashion industry. 'Future fur' shows that it is more interesting to imitate an imaginary world…"
This is not new… the previous post just reminded me of it.
And there are three good reasons for this to be a post:
1. Rendering – mesmerizingly beautiful !
2. Zaha Hadid – I'm not a big fan of her architecture but have a deep respect for a woman who thrive in a field dominated by men.
3. "Je veux être de ce qui arrive" – I love this quote by Coco Chanel.
The world tour starts on 02/27/08 from Hong Kong and travels to Tokyo, New York, London, Moscow and Paris.
Chanel Mobile Art
Zaha Hadid Architects
Related article at Wallpaper*
Prada unveiled the latest collaboration in Commerce and Art earlier this week.
Related Links: James Jean | ProcessRecess (blog) | Fashion Week Daily
Before Takashi Murakami's exhibition at The Geffen Contemporary at MOCA ends next Monday (2/11/08), I wanted to take a look at his star-studded opening back in October 2007. When was the last time we saw so many celebrities at an art opening – when Andy Warhol was alive?
More related video's at MOCA's YouTube channel
Photo © Lizette Kapre
… one of the few art projects we could remember in the past several years.
Today John Maeda accepted the offer to be the new president of Rhode Island School of Design (RISD), the best art and design school in the US.
New Yorkers have been complaining about gentrification forever, but the pace of change during the past several years in downtown, especially on the West Side, has been startling… well, to be honest, it's almost deplorable. The saddest thing to see is the way the meatpacking district has changed in the past few years. It's easier to spot celebrities than a rat these days, and it's been a while since we have lost sight of transsexual hookers on Washington Street.
My best friend T used to say "You got to have germs to make art." The city, like underdeveloped countries, is still filled with all kinds of infectious germs, but the species that T used to mention, the kinds that nourished art, are almost extinct. I miss the days when artists, hookers and drug dealers were all under the same roof. It was thrilling, and art was much more powerful back then.
It's ironic to think something positive about this change when it's making me feel like a fish trapped in a drying pond, but if there is one good thing that has come out of this horrendous gentrification, it is that the city has become a nice place for kids to grow up in. My biggest dilemma these days … I want germs for myself, but not for my kids. Having a family is not simple.
(Here is another irony. T, who was homeless and couldn't tell the difference between a shooting gallery and an art gallery when we used to hang out together, is now a professor at one of the ivys, and his two kids go to one of the best private schools in the city.)


text:
Pam sold my house in Lafayette. She was always just a call or email away with her 5 star service. Pam helped in every way possible to sell my house.
Pam Whitehead
7 Recent Sales (last 12 months)
Realtor (29 years experience)
- Specialties:
- Buyer's Agent,
- Listing Agent,
- Relocation,
- Short-Sale, Foreclosure
Ratings & Reviews
Pam was great to work with! She was willing to show me many homes in a row on the same day (one day she showed me nine), and helped me through the purchasing process. She and her son Mark were very nice and accommodating. She also seemed really good at working with other realtors in the area.
This agent was very professional and helpful in finding what we were looking for. We would highly recommend her to anyone that might be looking for a home to buy. Pam thanks alot. Dave & Sandy
My husband and I decided to sell our rental home in Lafayette and living out of state we needed a realtor we could trust. We called the Prudential Indiana Realty Group in Lafayette and were referred to Pam. Pam was ready to work for us and do whatever it took to get our home on the market and sold. I had many concerns with regards to getting my home market ready, trying to sell from another state and anxious about whom I could trust. Pam was there every step of the way with suggestions and really listened to my needs and concerns. Pam coordinated all the repairs on the home, scheduled the inspection and made closing relatively seamless, even from a distance. She stayed on top of my listing and kept me well informed. She had our home market ready, listed and sold in just a few short weeks. Pam is an amazing agent. She is dedicated, knowledgeable, has impeccable attention to detail, a positive attitude, is trustworthy, well informed and will work for you.
very helpful. helped us find exactly what we were looking for in a home and not just showing us any old home . pam was also very courteous and responsive. we felt as if she was always on top of our process of buying our home. highly recommend
Pam helped me my wife and our daughter find the perfect home for our situation. We wanted a good neighborhood, a bigger house that needed a little work (so we got more for our money just needed to put some time in it beofre moving), and we wanted someone more like friend instead of just a business partner. Pam did all these things. She listened to all our concerns, took us to see the same house some 3 or 4 times, called so many agencies to help us through different obstacles, and was just there for us. Also we found a house close to the schools, shopping,and family. Paid 64k for a house valued at 117k. We had to put some 10-15k in to it but wow she did a wonderful job. A++++++++
I would contact Pam if I were to sell or buy another property. I could contact her and she was available when I needed to see properties. We worked in the dead of winter and closed on a blizzard, but she was there.
I met Pam when I looked at a model home shortly after my husband passed away and I realized it was going to be necessary for me to downsize from my larger home and lot. Not only was she knowledgeable, professional and helpful, she was also very friendly and kind to me and we seemed to "hit it off" immediately. Ultimately I had a new home built in the area and both Pam and the other realtor who worked on the project have been wonderful to me and I now consider them as friends!


text:
Clive Francis
Clive Francis (born 26 June 1946) is a British stage, television and film actor.
Early life[edit]
He is the son of actors Raymond Francis and Margaret Towner. He was born in Eastbourne, Sussex.
His father played Detective Chief Superintendent Tom Lockhart in the 1960s series No Hiding Place. His mother played Jira, Anakin Skywalker's friend, in Star Wars Episode I: The Phantom Menace in 1999.
Clive Francis began his acting career at the age of 16 as a Penguin Player and has acted on stage, radio, television and to a lesser extent, in films.
He is also a noted caricaturist and has had several exhibitions. His caricatures have appeared on the covers for books written by actor Alec Guinness and a biography of John Gielgud, and has had several books of his caricatures published, including There Is Nothing Like a Dane (Hamlet) and There Is Nothing Like a Thane (Macbeth).[1]
Francis appeared as Joe the Lodger in Stanley Kubrick's A Clockwork Orange (1971). His other films include Inspector Clouseau (1968), Girl Stroke Boy (1971), and Villain (1971) with Richard Burton.
His first television role was playing Tommy Traddles opposite Ian McKellen (playing the title role) in the 1966 production of Charles Dickens[2][better source needed] David Copperfield.[3][better source needed]
Francis considers his part as Mr. Sloane in the ITV Playhouse production of Entertaining Mr Sloane[4] in 1968 as his first important television role, appearing alongside the likes of Shelia Hancock and Edward Woodward. He states on his website[5] that the play was taped just a week after Joe Orton (the author) was murdered.
Francis played the character of Willoughby in the BBC's 1971 production of Sense and Sensibility. In the BBC's popular first adaptation of Poldark (1975–76), he brought to life Ross Poldark's weak, troubled and debt-ridden cousin Francis. Francis delivered a credible and creditable performance of this emotionally deep character.
He followed his father into television's re-creation of Scotland Yard when he played Det. Sgt. Dexter in New Scotland Yard in 1974.
In the 1976 television adaptation of George Bernard Shaw's Caesar and Cleopatra, he portrayed Apollodorus.
Francis appeared opposite Laurence Olivier in Saturday, Sunday, Monday, a play which was part of the Laurence Olivier Presents series for Granada TV.
In 1981, Francis played the Roman officer and imperial spy Attius in the ABC miniseries Masada.
In 1984, Francis guest starred in episode five, "The Man with the Twisted Lip," of the series Sherlock Holmes, as Neville St Clair.
Francis starred in the series The 10%ers; The Piglet Files (which used his caricatures in the credits) and May to December.
Clive Francis has guest-starred in dozens of other television programmes, including Yes, Prime Minister, in which he played Luke, who, the Prime Minister is told, is a spy for the Foreign Office, a department whose policy is often in conflict with the PM's.
His first West End appearance was in There's A Girl In My Soup opposite Donald Sinden.
He regularly tours his one-man version of Charles Dickens' A Christmas Carol,[6] as well as his anthology Merely Players (also with Sinden).
In December 2007, he performed his one-man version of Charles Dickens' A Christmas Carol at the Théâtre Princesse Grace, Monte Carlo as part of the British Theatre Season, Monaco.
In February 2015, he played the part of Frank Doel in the Salisbury Playhouse's production of 84, Charing Cross Road.[7]
Personal life[edit]
Francis is married to the actress Natalie Ogle; they have two children.
Selected filmography[edit]
- Inspector Clouseau (1968)
- The Man Who Had Power Over Women (1970)
- Girl Stroke Boy (1971)
- Villain (1971)
- A Clockwork Orange (1971)
- Pierrepoint (2005)
- ^ Macmillan: "There is Nothing Like a Dane!". Accessed 13 February 2013
- ^ David Copperfield
- ^ David Copperfield (1966 TV serial)
- ^ http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0462274/
- ^ http://actorclivefrancis.com/television.html
- ^ "Town Hall, Birmingham". Retrieved 1994-08-18. Check date values in:
- ^ 84 Charing Cross Road Programme. The Salisbury Playhouse. 2015.
External links[edit]


text:
Popular Series
Stars to Exercise With
Jillian Michaels
Carmen Electra
Cindy Crawford
Richard Simmons
Billy Blanks
Denise Austin
Kathy Smith
Dance Exercise Videos
Dance Exercise
Strip/Exotic Exercise
Hip Hop Videos
Ballet Workout Videos
Belly Dance Videos
Pregnancy Exercise
Pregnancy Yoga
Pregnancy Pilates Videos
Kids Exercise Videos
Sesame Street Exercise
Kid Yoga Videos
Big Kid Exercise
Exercise Videos for Specific Areas of the Body
Abs Exercise Videos
Back Exercises
Exercise Equipment
Exercise Balls
Resistance Bands
Yoga Therapy for Back Pain ($14.99)
Viniyoga Therapy for the Low Back, Sacrum & Hips with Gary Kraftsow ($15.36)
Save Your Lower Back! Release, Strengthen, and Stretch, with Annette Fletcher: Stretching instruction, Back saving exercises ($9.79)
Pilates Core Power - Abdominals & Back ($14.95)
Back in Shape ($19.99)
Yoga to the Rescue for Back Pain ($6.88)
Stronger Seniors Core Fitness: Chair-based Pilates program designed to strengthen the abdominals, lower back and pelvic floor. Improve balance, posture, and proper breathing ($16.99)
Classical Pilates Technique with consideration of the NECK & BACK (Relieve neck & back stress) ($12.92)
Viniyoga Therapy for the Upper Back, Neck & Shoulders with Gary Kraftsow ($15.29)
Items in cart: 0
Copyright © 2005
Contact Us


text:
Client: Gaming Dead
Project: Gaming Dead Character BrandingProject specifics:
- Character Branding
- Site Design
Client location: USA
Link: http://gamingdead.com
Gaming Dead
Rather than the usual video game news site, Gaming Dead is geared toward the darker side of the games industry, the horror genre! The site needed a new, grim character based brand and a creepy menacing site design too. We settled on the idea of a scalped, brain exposed zombie office worker! What an ugly fella this guy turned out to be! With the character branding sorted, we moved onto creating his home and playground, the website! This was so much fun to work on as it's been ages since I created a zombie character. So if you like the darker side of the gaming world take a wander over and have a read. Great little project!
Buddy Ball
This was another fab little project that sadly never got to be released...
As my dream game Wulverblade moves further into development, it was time to give it, its very own home on the web!


text:
I love the scene in the movie, A Beautiful Mind, where it portrays John Nash finding his truly original idea. He isn't in a library, classroom or lab. No, he is out with his friends in a bar, trying to figure out how to get a group of women to pay attention to him and his buddies. Out of that problem, he discovered a principle that could be applied to situations of much more significance and went on to continue thinking and contributing to mathematics and economics. To him, it probably felt like a normal day, but then the idea came.
I love the scene in the movie, A Beautiful Mind, where it portrays John Nash finding his truly original idea. He isn't in a library, classroom or lab. No, he is out with his friends in a bar, trying to figure out how to get a group of women to pay attention to him and his buddies. Out of that problem, he discovered a principle that could be applied to situations of much more significance and went on to continue thinking and contributing to mathematics and economics. To him, it probably felt like a normal day, but then the idea came.
If only we would use public policy to generate working-class jobs at good wages, some progressives argue, the problems of the new lower class would fade away. But as social scientist Charles Murray explains, there are two problems with this line of argument:
The Acton Institute is pleased to announce that Eric Metaxas, author of the New York Times #1 bestseller, Bonhoeffer: Pastor, Martyr, Prophet, Spy will be the keynote speaker for our 22nd Annual Dinner.
"If Christians want to advance the common good," says D.C. Innes in a a review of the new documentary With Liberty or Justice for All, "they should turn to their own hearts, not the government."
He was an aristocratic Brit, kidnapped by pirates at the age of sixteen and sent to Ireland where he was sold into slavery. Six years later he escapes, becomes a priest, returns to Ireland, and faces off against hordes of Druids. Because of his work, thousands of Irish pagans came to know Christ and Ireland became one of the most Christian nations in Europe
So raise a glass of green ale tomorrow in memory of Patrick, the Indiana Jones of saints.
As society becomes more secularized, the calls for churches to pay their "fair share" become more vocal. Erik Stanley, senior legal counsel for the Alliance Defense Fund, explains why churches should remain exempt from paying taxes:
Why is your church tax exempt? Why should it continue to be tax exempt? If I were to sit down and ask you these questions, would you have a clear and coherent answer? I suspect this is something we seldom think about. After all, tax exemption for churches has always been given and we assume, because of its historical longevity, it always will be given.
The fact that many Americans cannot explain why churches are tax exempt indicates a forgotten history and is emblematic of a society that has systematically devalued the church as a beneficial societal institution.
Cardinal Timothy Dolan recently gave a speech in which he provided a helpful summary of Catholic Social Justice in seven "givens" and seven "oughts."
Today marks the feast day of St. Benedict of Nursia, one of the fathers of Western monasticism. One of his most famous dictums was ora et labora: "pray and work." His Rule served as the standard community rule for monasteries in the West for hundreds of years.
Consistent with his dictum, the Rule of St. Benedict contains some wonderful passages about the value of work in addition to other pious practices. For example, Benedict writes,
Idleness is inimical to the soul; and therefore the brethren ought to be occupied, at
fixed seasons, with manual work and again at fixed seasons with spiritual reading….
Knowing the spiritual dangers of idleness (such as boredom, depression, and gossip), Benedict prescribed regular daily work for the monks of any monastery that followed his rule. However, he did not absolutize the value of work, recommending time for rest and "spiritual reading."
Furthermore, he offered consolation for those who labor in poverty:
And let them not be distressed if poverty or the needs of the place should require that they busy themselves about gathering in the crops with their own hands; for then are they truly monks, when they live by the work of their own hands, as did our fathers and the apostles.
Yet, he tempered even this by adding: "Let everything be done in moderation however on account of the faint-hearted."
Indeed, we can see in St. Benedict's Rule an excellent expression of the basic Christian view of the merits of work as well as its limitation for the sake of the worker:
To weak and delicate brethren let there be assigned such suitable occupation and duties that they be neither overcome of idleness nor so oppressed by exhaustion through work that they be driven to flight [from the monastery].
Due to the current economic condition of our country, many have had to settle for less than ideal work in order to make ends meet. St. Benedict provides a wonderful reminder about the honor inherent in all honest work, especially when enlivened with prayer.
I for one have worked at plenty of restaurants and factories and cleaned my fair share of toilets. Looking back, the best jobs (until I got my job here, of course) were not necessarily those at which I was the most comfortable but those in which I embraced St. Benedict's dictum and united my labor with prayer. On this, his feast day, I hope others too, through him, can find satisfaction even in less-than-ideal jobs, embracing the vocation of prayer even if their desired vocation of work remains out of grasp.
All quotes from the Rule of St. Benedict are taken from The Rule of St. Benedict, translated into English. A Pax Book, preface by W.K. Lowther Clarke (London: S.P.C.K., 1931), which can be found online here.
The Journal of Markets & Morality is planning a theme issue for the Spring of 2013: "Integral Human Development," i.e. the synthesis of human freedom and responsibility necessary for the material and spiritual enrichment of human life. According to Pope Benedict XVI,
Integral human development presupposes the responsible freedom of the individual and of peoples: no structure can guarantee this development over and above human responsibility. (Caritas in Veritate 17)
There is a delicate balance between the material and the spiritual, the institutional and the individual, liberty and responsibility undergirding this concept.
This tension can be felt in a similar sentiment from the Russian Orthodox Church's Basic Teaching on Human Dignity, Freedom and Rights:
A society should establish mechanisms restoring harmony between human dignity and freedom. In social life, the concept of human rights and morality can and must serve this purpose. At the same time these two notions are bound up at least by the fact that morality, that is, the ideas of sin and virtue, always precede law, which has actually arisen from these ideas. That is why any erosion of morality will ultimately lead to the erosion of legality. (3.1)
And, again, among Protestants The Cape Town Commitment confesses a failure "to regard work in itself as biblically and intrinsically significant, as we have failed to bring the whole of life under the Lordship of Christ." Indeed, in addition to the theoretical difficulty in articulating a coherent, Christian model for integral human development, there is the equally daunting task of practical implementation.
Read the full Call for Publications here.
Submission guidelines, subscription information, and digital archives are available at: www.marketsandmorality.com
For an example of the sort of submission we are looking for, see Manfred Spieker, "Development of the Whole Man and of All Men: Guidelines of the Catholic Church for Societal Development," Journal of Markets & Morality 13.2. (Click on title to view PDF.)
The Journal of Markets & Morality is a peer-reviewed academic journal published twice a year–in the Spring and Fall. The journal promotes intellectual exploration of the relationship between economics and morality from both social science and theological perspectives. It seeks to bring together theologians, philosophers, economists, and other scholars for dialogue concerning the morality of the marketplace.
Over at the Liberty Law Blog, there is an excellent post titled "Ronald Reagan, Whittaker Chambers, and the Dialogue of Liberty" by Alan Snyder. Snyder delves into the influence Chambers had on Reagan and how their worldviews differed as well.
Many conservatives and scholars felt Chambers' prediction that the West was on the losing side of history in the battle against Marxism collapsed after the fall of the Iron Curtain and the Soviet Union. For many, the ideas of Chambers and his pessimism about the future of freedom seemed dated. Snyder elaborates on the relevance of Chambers and that the testimony of his witness still stands:
One of Chambers's closest friends, Ralph de Toledano, noted that when the "evil empire" collapsed, people asked him: "Would Whittaker Chambers still believe that he had left the winning side for the losing side?" He replied that Chambers, long before the collapse, had already seen "that the struggle was no longer between Communism and Western civilization, but one in which Western civilization was destroying itself by betraying its heritage." In essence, "Communism had triumphed, not in its Marxist tenet but in its concept of man—a concept which the West has accepted." It goes back to Chambers's insistence that there are two faiths and the West must make a decision: God or man? As he wrote in Witness:
God alone is the inciter and guarantor of freedom. He is the only guarantor. External freedom is only an aspect of interior freedom. Political freedom, as the Western world has known it, is only a political reading of the Bible. Religion and freedom are indivisible. Without freedom the soul dies. Without the soul there is no justification for freedom. …
… There has never been a society or a nation without God. But history is cluttered with the wreckage of nations that became indifferent to God, and died.
For more on Chambers and the impact of his witness, read my review of Richard Richard Reinsch's Whittaker Chambers: The Spirit of a Counterrevolutionary. This exceptional book is a must read.


text:
Watch: Akira Kurosawa - Composing MovementJuxtapoz // Thursday, April 30, 2015
Can movement tell a story? Sure, if you're as gifted as Akira Kurosawa. More than any other filmmaker, he had an innate understanding of movement and how to capture it onscreen. Join Tony Zhou in studying the master, possibly the greatest composer of motion in film history.
Illustrations and Animations by Carlín DíazIllustration // Wednesday, April 29, 2015
Some of Carlin Diaz's works have organic shapes, others geometrics. Shapes, he always thinks about shapes: of a circle, a flower, the shape of a woman... But, how represent them graphically? It all depends in the personality of each and every shape and the vibe transmitted by them. Every project have his own personality, every project creates his own feeling.
Music Video: Jamie xx "Gosh" dir by Erik WernquistMusic // Tuesday, April 28, 2015
Jamie xx's music has always had a little bit of a vibe to it that makes you feel like you are floating in space. Director Erik Wernquist gets that, and has transformed Jamie's stand-out new track, "Gosh," into an outer space adventure. All photography from the video are by NASA/JPL/University of Arizona/Goddard Space Flight Center Scientific Visualization Studio.
Trailer: The Birth of SakéJuxtapoz // Sunday, April 26, 2015
Being that some of us on staff just got back from Japan, and one of those staff members quite enjoying a few different varieties of sake, this trailer for "The Birth of Saké" loooks very appealing (not to mention beautiful). ItsNiceThat reports that director Erik Shirai "went to live among the workers at the 144-year-old Yoshida Brewery in northern Japan during the gruelling six month stints during which the 2000-year-old brewing process takes place." Watch the trailer!
Hiro Kurata "Oh Yes We Did" @ The Gallery, Morris, CT + Studio Visit VideoJuxtapoz // Friday, April 17, 2015
Hiro Kurata is one of our favorite artists working today, with his eclectic mix of Eastern and Western styles, and this consistent baseball uniform motif that you see in each painting. Hiro just opened a solo show, Oh Yes We Did, at The Gallery in Morris/Lakeside, Connecticut, and had a studio visit documentary filmed about his practice. We got the video here, and info on the new show!
Antiprism: Exploring the Vessel XII ControversyJuxtapoz // Wednesday, April 15, 2015
Jon Bernson's residency at the de Young Museum explores a series of unexplained broadcasts that interrupted the programming of numerous international television stations between the years of 1986 and 2009. Purportedly sent from a spacecraft at the outer reaches of our galaxy, these transmissions have created an international controversy, evoking strong opinions from experts in many fields.
We Love BombayErotica // Wednesday, April 15, 2015
Spanish recording artist, El Guincho makes music that evokes elements of Afrobeat, Dub, Tropicália and, Rock & Roll. His music video, for the track Bombay, is sexy, playful, fun, creative, and has been a favorite of our for a while. The video is heavily inspired by the 70s in all the right ways, yet remains current with it's modern sensibility- Directed by Nicolás Méndez. Produced by CANADA.
Closing: Robert Williams "Slang Aesthetics" & 20 Years Under the InfluenceJuxtapoz // Monday, April 13, 2015
There is only one more week to catch Juxtapoz founder Robert Williams' "Slang Aesthetics" and accompanying "20 Years Under the Influence of Juxtapoz" at Los Angeles Municipal Art Gallery in Los Angeles. The exhibit closes next Saturday, April 19th so make sure you don't miss it! And here is a short video documenting one of Robert's always wonderful talks at the Gallery during the show.
Beats x Barry McGee Pill SpeakerJuxtapoz // Friday, April 10, 2015
Barry McGee is the artist. #BeatsPill is the canvas. Music is the inspiration. Get it before it's gone >> Click here to see the video.
Watch: An Intimate Portrait of REVOKJuxtapoz // Wednesday, April 08, 2015
An intimate portrait of Revok as he prepares for his solo show with Library Street Colletive in Los Angeles and talks candidly about maturation as an artist. Video by Keegan Gibbs and presented by House Beer.


text:
Fans in Boston will be getting Royle treatment - 0 Comments
Jen Royle has covered the Yankees, the Baltimore Orioles, the Ravens and the Mets. She knows how things work in big-time sports.
As she steps up to the microphone when Boston Herald Radio launches on Monday, she will speak with authority. And she won't hold back.


text:
Kanye West Raps at Age 19by Hilton Hater at . Comments
This video is no longer available. Please check below for related videos.
my roomate's sister-in-law makes $84 hourly on the laptop . She has been laid off for five months but last month her pay check was $15776 just working on the laptop for a few hours.
check out the post right here>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>http://www.cash29.com
Comment modified at
- Star:
- Kanye West
- Related Videos:
- Kanye West Videos
- Related Post:
- Uploaded by:
- Hilton Hater
- Uploaded:
- Duration:


text:
Search: bitchySearch profiles »
The am I bitchy Test
Ever wonder just how bitchy you are or how bitchy other people think you are? Test away baby!!!
The How Bitchy Are You Test
Reliable, trustworthy, loyal; sound like you? Or is it catty, spiteful and selfish? Let the quiz decide.
The How Bitchy are you Test
Are you a bitch? Or Sweet? Take this test and I'll Decide.
The Are you sexually bitchy Test
Take this old test and tell me what you think
The bitch Test
Ladies, Sometimes it's okay to be a bitch. But you've gotta keep your inner bitch in check. That's what you're here to find out: if you too bitchy, no...
- See More Tests »
- Filter results
- All Results (130)
- Tests (130)
Connect your existing OkCupid account
Sign in
Welcome Back!
Restore your account to continue
meeting new people.
Reset your password
We'll email you a link to reset it.
Email sent!
An email is on its way to .
If you don't see it, try checking
your Spam folder.


text:
A bright star on the 757s winglet.
Catch a 737-200 is always a great moment, i came to spotting today for a 747-200 but the 737-200 was the second big moment of the day.
Taken from El Dorado spot in Miami.
Taken from El Dorado Spot in Miami.
Approaching Cuba on the way to KFFL.
Taken from El Dorado Spot in Miami. The Magic Red Carpet on short final.
First 737-700 for Linhas Aéreas de Moçambique after undergoing a full check and paint change at Coopesa. To be registered C9-BAQ. Delivery expected in the next few days. Seen here heading out for ... (more)


text:
I adjusted the recipe to serve 4. Used less than the suggested amount of pasta. I had Frank's Buffalo sauce and I doubled the amount, and added a can of diced tomatoes, which really added a nice flavor to the dish. I also sweated the veggies and added the garlic at the same time as the chicken. This was a fun recipe and I would make it again. Thanks to everyone else who left good comments!
Buffalo Chicken Casserole
From EatingWell: September/October 2010
We took the classic flavors of Buffalo wings—hot sauce, blue cheese, carrots and celery—and created a finger-licking-good casserole. Serve this dish during football season to a hungry crowd and it's sure to be a hit. We don't typically recommend ingredients by brand name, but in this case we make an exception for Frank's RedHot Sauce. It has the perfect balance of spice and tang for this casserole. Texas Pete and Crystal hot sauces are suitable alternatives if you can't find Frank's.
66 Reviews for Buffalo Chicken Casserole
I LOVED this recipe!! I made it for a superbowl party and everyone loved it! I served sour cream on the side to cut the heat a bit for those that werent too fond of the spicyness. It was great! I am going to try it again with less pasta (I used 6oz after reading the reviews) and using skim milk. Maybe cutting the calories even further!
This is a homerun. A comfort food and lighter in calories!
I made this recipe with a few modifications:
10 oz noodles instead of 12 oz
1/2 yellow bell pepper instead of an onion
No celery
Feta instead of blue cheese
6 oz hot sauce instead of 5
It was delicious! I am not a big fan of spicy food, but my boyfriend loves spicy food, and this dish was perfect for both of us. He added hot sauce to his portion, and I kept my hot sauce at a minimum. I will definitely make this again!
Even halved, this made too much for my husband and myself. I thoroughly enjoy a good spicy meal, but I must have messed up the ratios somewhere because this was a little too spicy for me to eat. My husband, however enjoyed it and had seconds. It was very rich even though I used skim milk, which is a good thing. I like that even though it's supposed to be a healthy meal, it still had the comfort food feel to it. I used medium sized shells (like in Velveeta) and flour (instead of the cornstarch) because that was what I had on hand. I don't think I'll be making this recipe again.
This was very good!! I did take advantage of some other comments and doubled the hot sauce and added a bit of extra blue cheese. As an added bonus..I crushed a package of Ritz crackers with 1/4 cup of melted butter and added it to the top of the dish. It gave a little crunch to the meal. It was great!!


text:
Advertisement - Continue Reading Below
In the Spotlight: John Galliano Video
Derek Blasberg speaks to John Galliano at the re-opening of the Christian Dior flagship.
8 Coats To Buy Right Now
Welcome the drop in temps with a very chic coat check.
The Top 10 Spring 2016 Shows, According to Instagram
See which Spring 2016 show was crowned most popular on Instagram.
Best in Bridal: Fall 2016
See the best looks from the top Bridal Week collections.
Charting: 10 Chic Toppers for Fall
From jewel-tone fedoras to wide brimmed toppers, see our new hat picks for fall.
More From Fashion


text:
ColorOfChange wants to
Secure justice for Michael Brown
Racially-motivated police violence has no place in law enforcement.
Racially-motivated police violence has no place in law enforcement.
Independent and critical voices are being stifled as Vietnam intensifies its crackdown on the Internet.
E-Bay is profiting from the sale of Wolf fur! Please sign this petition to end the sale of Wolf fur on E-Bay!
FUR IS HORRIBLE! Boycott the Fur Trade! The Cruelty Of Fur Farms! HOW CAN YOU HELP TO GET THIS CRUELTY STOPPED
A day in the life of a bird raised for foie gras includes several force-feedings in which a thick pipe is rammed down
This video shows a tiger being abused during China's May Day Holiday (May 1st) at a city zoo in eastern China. No


text:
AdwCleaner is a compact and portable tool which can help you to remove toolbars, adware and similar browser-based pests.
It's easy to get started. Click "Scan" and in a minute or so the program displays everything it's found, organising the report into several tabs: Services, Folders, Files, Shortcuts, Scheduled Tasks, Registry, Firefox, Chrome.
AdwCleaner was quite aggressive on our test PC, highlighting some applications we'd consider safe. It also did a good job of detecting more dubious files, though, and you can always tell the program you'd like to keep something. (Although everything is marked as "Delete" initially, and there's no "Clear all" option, so if you only want to delete one out of 20 items then you'll need to clear all the others manually.)
Choose the Cleaning option, and the program warns you that it'll have to close everything and restart your PC to remove the chosen items. That might be a little inconvenient, but it's the best course of action, and you can always hit Cancel if you change your mind.
AdwCleaner successfully cleaned our test system, and if it's not quite enough for you then the program can optionally reset a range of Windows settings: proxies, winsock, TCP/IP, firewall, IPsec, BITS, IE and Chrome policies.
AdwCleaner 5.010 changelog:
[NEW] - Added new feature to detect patched DLLs
[NEW] - Added tab "DLLs" in the GUI
[UPD] - Local database v04-10-2015.3
[UPD] - FP in tasks generic detections fixed
[UPD] - Firefox extensions detection improved
[UPD] - Generic.Perion updated
[UPD] - Generic.Vitruvian updated
[UPD] - Generic.Crossrider updated
AdwCleaner did a good job of detecting and removing adware for us, but be careful, it can highlight legitimate programs too. Check its report carefully before you delete anything.