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why does my doctor make me wait until im 22 weeks? Who else has to wait? its irritating me now.
why do i have to wait?
Married to Charming DH on 09/16/06 Big Brother 10/29/06 to Junebug 06/10/2011
Team PINK! Exepecting our Baby GIRL.. Tayla Natasha!
I have to wait until 23 weeks! BOOO!!...It's really only hard because of all the other ladies on here that have such great pictures to post! The last one I have is from week 10 when I had the NT scan, and obviously, it's not that great! It will be SO nice to have some clearer pictures and get to see my little bean again!
Lisa (30) married to Andy (29)
M/C @9 weeks, June, 2010, C-born healthy at 35w5d 5/26/11, J-born at 37w1d 10/3/13
I had mine on the 12th and baby was being difficult so they said to come back. So I called to schedule and they are making us wait untill the 26th! I was soooo sad! I was all ready to KNOW. Everyone is posting all these cute pics and I am so jealous!
Baby girl (5/24/2011)
MMC @ 9.5 weeks (4/25/2014)
Baby #2! Boy! (EDD 11/09/2015)
i say if you have the money to do an elective 3-d ultrasound do it find out as soon as you can that is what i am going to do
The date you get your u/s could have a lot to do with the size of the office and how busy they are. They should be scheduled anywhere from 18 to 22 weeks so they did it within the required timeframe but I know it is not always within your timeframe.
As we see this post many times on these boards, what most people will suggest is if you can afford about $100 for a 3D u/s then you can find out the sex that way. You would still have to go to your regular appointment at 22 weeks but if you really want to find out and do not want to wait, that is an option to consider.
Catrina and Michael - married August 2011
Proud parents to first baby - Xander Adam =D
I have to wait till 22 weeks and 3 days before my dr. will schedule it. I'm OK with it now though, I really wanted to wait and it's given me a little bit of time to get some registering done before we know the sex and DH wants to get all pink or blue!
If you have the money I'd get a 3D done. I've seen them for base package of $100
I'm in the middle, have to wait until 21 weeks, so I've been trying to block the thought out daily because the wait seems sooooooo long.
Married to DH 13years, DD (11yrs), DD (8yrs), DS (2) and expecting #4 and 2nd June Bug, June 16, 2014
I am not finding out gender, but I requested 22 weeks. :-) At my 20 week ultrasound with my daughter they couldnt' see everything and ultrasounds are expensive when you have a high deductible PPO medical plan. I also don't like over exposure to the frequencies used in ultrasounds more than neccesary.
mommy to Elizabeth and Luís
Mine was supposed to be the first week of Feb. However the last time I was there, my dr made a comment about me being 17 weeks and it was a shame I had to wait 4 more weeks until my next appt to get the ultrasound. She was joking, so I jokingly said oh please please please and she scheduled my ultrasound (which is tomorrow) and then my regular appt is still the first week of Feb. (The girl scheduling my appts looked at me like I had 2 heads when I showed her the appt schedule the dr handed me!) I dont know the kind of relationship you have with your doctor, but you could always try this :)
Mom to DSD(9) DSS(6) and DD(6) & dd6/6/11


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Latest offers/news
Pilates starting Monday 2 November for 7 weeks
Beginners 7.15pm - 8.15pm Intermediate 6.15pm - 7.15pm Booking essential
The complex offers several areas with many activities for all. Our large leisure pool including baby pool and slide, training pool, gym, studios, sauna, steam room, spa pool and relaxation area.
Your views, comments and suggestions are very important to us so please let us know about any aspect of the facility, either by filling in a comments card or by speaking to one of the duty officers.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Photo Galleries
< MyNorthwest
Tuesday in photos
June 15: Victoria Secret Models get sporty, a bull's fashionable eyewear, snow for some
17 of 17
Soldiers carry the coffin of French army lieutenant Damien Boiteux who was killed during a mission in Mali; during a ceremony at the Invalides in Paris, Tuesday Jan. 15, 2013. The French pilot died while taking part Friday afternoon in an aerial operation targeting a terrorist group moving on the town of Mopti. Relatives are standing in background.(AP Photo/Remy de la Mauviniere)
Photo by Remy de la Mauviniere
Photo by Remy de la Mauviniere
17 of 17
More Photo Galleries
Week in photos
Photos taken by the Associated Press Sept. 28 to Oct. 2.
Stargazers treated to supermoon eclipse
Stargazers were treated to a rare astronomical phenomenon with a total lunar eclipse combined with a so-called supermoon.
Week in photos
Photos from the Associated Press taken from around the world.
Four killed in Aurora Avenue Bridge crash in Seattle
The four people killed when a charter bus and Ride the Ducks vehicle collided were students from North Seattle College, The Seattle Times reports.
Big-name business leaders meet China's president in Seattle
Business leaders from Apple, Honeywell, Disney, Microsoft, Starbucks, Dow Chemical, Amazon, IBM, and many more attended a Wednesday morning meeting with the president of China.
Week in photos
Photos taken from around the world during Sept. 14-18.
Week in photos
Check out the week in photos from all over the world.


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Carole's Bed & Breakfast Inn
No prices found through our partners. Please contact the business directly or check some of our recommended alternatives.
How has this b&b rated in the past?
- Continental Breakfast
- Swimming pool
- Free High-Speed Internet
- Free parking
Travelers also recommend:
TripAdvisor Reviews Carole's Bed & Breakfast Inn San Diego
Travel Blogs from San Diego
California Dreaming
... under £50 for the night. In the morning we went to San Diego zoo, a sprawling zoo so big that the best option is first take the 35 minute bus ride round the zoo to get your bearings. Problem was that most of the animals seemed to be asleep In the midday heat so there were loads of enclosures where you couldn't actually see any animals. Jess and I started looking into enclosures, reading what was supposed to be in there and then declaring that they ...
California Dreaming
... is also very different. San Diego lies on the coast of Southern California on the edge of the desert with mountains to the east and a series of 200 canyons running through town. The urban sprawl runs north and south along the coast and huge housing developments and office parks crawl up the hills on either side of the canyons. The vegetation reflects the arid desert like climate where the average rainfall is just 8 inches a year and ...
Being "Balloon Girl": Will of Men vs. Will of God
... that I have a Heavenly Father who is consistent in law, commandment, covenant, word, and deed. I know the doctrine. I always have. My distance and lack of convictions simply prove to show how far I was and how far I've come in return. I still have much to go, however having studied from scriptures in my youth has proven to sustain and steady me as my anchor and has guided my ship home to a safe shore as a light from a Lighthouse.
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One Month in Paradise
... the first section of the pier there are rental cottages that appear to have been built in the 50's. If you want to rent one you will have to reserve almost a year in advance. There is a promenade along the beach with shops, bars, and restaurants lining the way. It goes on for miles on either side of the pier. We could easily spend an entire season in this area. It's Paradise.
On the 3rd we decided to take a scouting trip to Balboa Park to check ...
Great Cruise
... in for the night.
November 3rd
Monday morning we awoke, had breakfast on the Lido deck then attended talks on the ports of call all the way down to Lima. Afterward we attended a get together put on by the group Cruise Critics, met more new people, drank Mimosas and ate cookies. At lunch the captain made an announcement that the tropical storm Vance had been upgraded to a hurricane and it was not going to be safe for us to go into our first stop at Cabo San Lucas. ...


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Dr. Stanley Maloy discusses infectious diseases and Salmonella with the students of High Tech Middle in Pt. Loma
Dr. John Stuelpnagel discusses genomics with students from Lewis Middle School.
The second part of the lecture will relate how this information can be used to produce crops resistant to specific viruses through different biotechnology strategies.
For further information see: http://www.ascb.org/ibioseminars/Beachy/Beachy1.cfm
Commercial running at local SHell stations
presented 10 October 2008
Senior research project on the viability of dedicating publicly-owned urban land to agriculture in the City of San Diego. Presents a modified cost-benefit analysis to determine the true value of gardens as a land use.


text:
a very nice, beautiful, cute and emotional card
so cute thought
good one. nice wordings
this is the best card which i never seen before.
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Get a weekly dose of stories on friendship, love, misadventures and special offers. It's free, read it once and you're hooked!
Read the latest newsletter or Editor Bob's Blog


text:
Now remotely manage SureFox settings on large number of devices using remote device management http://www.42gears.com/suremdm/index.html
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text:
8885-8887 Old Frederick Road
Ellicott City, Maryland, 21043
Commute to Downtown Ellicott City
Almost all errands require a car.
Score Details
8885-8887 Old Frederick Road has a Walk Score of 7 out of 100. This location is a Car-Dependent neighborhood so almost all errands require a car.
This location is in Ellicott City.
Explore how far you can travel by car, bus, bike and foot from 8885-8887 Old Frederick Road.
This location is in the city of Ellicott City, MD. Ellicott City has an average Walk Score of 20 and has 65,834 residents.


text:
It's 6 pm as two estimators walk into a bar. They sit down, order a beer and start comparing takeoff techniques.
April Issue 2008
Featured Articles
Sort by
| April 2008
| April 2008
| April 2008
In the first two parts of this series, we looked at external communication and meetings. In this final article, we'll focus on reducing the cost of internal communication.
| April 2008
Before you can begin to design a fiber optic cable plant, you need to establish with the end-user or network owner where the network will be built and which communications si


text:
By: ultimapantalla
Views: 295 | Posted: 05/28/2011
By: TonyaandDonya
End up on top of the dealybop, k?
Views: 402 | Posted: 05/25/2011
By: nicksFriend
New racing footage from Xbox Live demo
Views: 1,361 | Posted: 05/25/2011
By: jose24
Technical Demo: Part 5 of 5. Unlocks and Achievements. Presented by Guy Wilday (Studio Director of the SEGA Racing Studio).
Views: 904 | Posted: 05/25/2011
By: jose24
Technical Demo: Part 4 of 5. Rally Heritage. Presented by Guy Wilday (Studio Director of the SEGA Racing Studio).
Views: 650 | Posted: 05/25/2011
By: timiscool0215
some cool clips of rally racing crashes
Views: 837 | Posted: 05/25/2011
By: Hypagengsta
Views: 252 | Posted: 05/25/2011
By: timiscool0215
cool cars
Views: 569 | Posted: 05/25/2011
By: outsida
Sega Rally PS3 footage.
Views: 468 | Posted: 05/25/2011
By: gaffyh
One of the devs talks you through how the team at Codemasters tried their hardest to makethe damage in DiRT as realistic as possible.
Views: 9,786 | Posted: 05/25/2011
Week of
Oct. 04
Week of
Oct. 11
Release Date: 10/06/2015
A non-linear episodic game with 6 acts.
PS4, Xbox One, PC
Release Date: 10/07/2015
The 2015 edition is revealed.
Release Date: 10/09/2015
The Uncharted series is back and remastered for PlayStation 4.
PS4, PC, Xbox 360, Xbox One, PS3, 3DS
Release Date: 10/13/2015
The monsters of R.L. Stine's popular book series are back to haunt in game form.
Xbox One, PC, PS4
Release Date: 10/13/2015
PC, PS4, Xbox One
Release Date: 10/13/2015


text:
lung cancer
Latest Headlines
Latest Headlines
Bristol-Myers' latest PD-1 win could pave the path to earlier use
Bristol Myers-Squibb, a leader among companies at work in immuno-oncology, is pressing for wider use of its lead treatment with new data showing the injected drug could succeed as part of a first-line treatment in lung cancer.
Exosome Diagnostics reels in $17.6M for liquid biopsy development
Exosome Diagnostics raked in $17.6 million in a second round of Series B financing, bringing the total amount raised to $44.7 million. The company plans to use the funds to support the launch of a few of its products, including two blood-based lung cancer liquid biopsies, a urine-based prostate cancer liquid biopsy and a solid tumor panel.
GE gets FDA nod for low-dose CT lung cancer screening device
GE Healthcare got an FDA green light for its low-dose computer tomography (CT) lung cancer screening device, a feather in the company's cap as it deepens its dive into diagnostics imaging.
Genentech's PD-L1 breakthrough star 'atezo' positioned to vault ahead on cancer
Behind the headlines here at ASCO, you'll find one of the biggest players in immuno-oncology quietly positioning itself to grab a leading role in the fast-emerging market.
Veracyte reveals positive numbers for lung cancer test in NEJM
Veracyte has been generating cash for R&D and striking deals to expand its market reach. Now, the company is touting promising results for its bronchial genomic classifier for lung cancer diagnosis as it takes a deeper dive into the lung cancer testing market.
U.K. academics move cell-gene lung cancer therapy into clinic
A team of London-based academics is set to trial a stem cell-delivered gene therapy in patients with lung cancer. The 56-person trial is the first time a stem cell-gene therapy combination has been tested in humans in the U.K.
CMS finalizes plan to offer Medicare coverage for CT scans among smokers
In an effort to detect lung cancer, the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services finalized plans to offer Medicare coverage for CT scans, or low-dose computed tomography, among smokers aged 55-77.
Roche's Ventana inches closer to FDA approval for lung cancer companion Dx
Roche's Ventana Medical Systems has submitted its companion diagnostic test for ALK1-positive lung cancer for FDA approval, inching the company closer to full regulatory approval for the product and helping it gain ground in a fiercely competitive cancer diagnostics market.
Get-tested lung cancer campaign delivered 'surprising' number of new diagnoses
A new study shows that awareness campaigns can work--and work well. During a three-month push for lung cancer testing in the U.K., primary care doctors referred more than 3,000 extra patients to get tested. About 700 were diagnosed with lung cancer.
CMS will cover lung cancer screening for smokers, pleasing industry, medical associations
The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services acted against the advice of its advisory committee by making the long-sought decision to offer Medicare reimbursement of CT scanning as a means of lung cancer screening among heavy smokers, earning the praise of groups like the Lung Cancer Alliance.


text:
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Pamela Anderson's mother had no idea the actress was molested and raped as a child.
The former 'Baywatch' actress insisted she didn't blame her parents for failing to protect her when she opened up about being abused for the first time at the Cannes International Film Festival last Friday (05.16.14), but Carol Anderson says her daughter's revelations came as "a complete shock."
The 46-year-old star's heartbroken mother told the MailOnline: "This is a terrible, dramatic thing to have happened to Pamela and if she went through that all by her self it is horrible.
"I am kind of numb over it all, I sat there with my mouth open when I found out. My husband Barry and I always felt we were there all the time for the kids so it's just terrible to hear this now."
Pamela, who only told her mother about the abuse she endured via email after going public, revealed she was molested by her female babysitter when she was six, raped by her friend's older brother when she was 12 and gang raped by her boyfriend and his friends when she was a teenager.
Police in the blonde beauty's native Canada have launched a new investigation into the alleged crimes and want to speak to Pamela, who remarried her ex-husband Rick Salomon earlier this year and has sons Brandon, 17, and Dylan, 16, with her ex-husband Tommy Lee, as soon as possible.
The 'Stacked' star credited her love of animals for helping her to move past the horrific ordeals, as she launched her new animal welfare charity, The Pamela Anderson Foundation.
She said: "My affinity with animals saved me."
Entertainment News
Pamela Anderson's mother is shocked
Pamela Anderson's mother had no idea the actress was molested and raped as a child.
Read more Entertainment News
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text:
Seattle Pacific at Washington2013-08-24T19:30:00-07:00
Watch Info
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Pac-12 Men's Soccer Scores
More: Seattle Pacific at Washington - Men's Soccer
Huskies Fall To UCLA On Three Penalty Kicks
No. 15 Washington and UCLA battled for 107 minutes before the Bruins were awarded their third penalty kick of the match, converting for a 3-2 victory.
Gavin's Diving Header Beats San Diego State
Washington kicked off Pac-12 play with a win over San Diego State thanks to a diving header in the 82nd minute by Danny Gavin.
Gavin: "They just had me in the right place"
Pac-12 Networks' Troy Clardy and Kelly Gray talk with Washington forward Danny Gavin about his impressive game-winning goal in the 82'.
No. 15 UW Begins Pac-12 Play With SDSU, UCLA
The Dawgs host San Diego State (5-1-2) on Friday night at 6:00 p.m. and the Bruins (4-4-0) on Sunday at 7:05 p.m.
Dawgs and Pilots Conclude In 0-0 Draw
No. 10 Washington responded from its first loss of the season with one its best efforts of the year, but could not find a goal, despite a myriad of chances, and settled for a 0-0 tie with Portland.
Dawgs Fall In Derby Matchup To Seattle U., 2-1
No. 10 Washington dropped its first game of the season on Thursday, falling to Seattle U., 2-1.


text:
|Ship of Fools Trailer
|US Home Video Trailer from Columbia
|Related Titles:
|Ship of Fools
|Related Names:
|Vivien Leigh, George Segal, Alf Kjellin, Christiane Schmidtmer, BarBara Luna, Lee Marvin, Elizabeth Ashley, Heinz Rühmann, Lilia Skala, Oskar Werner, Charles Korvin, Michael Dunn, José Ferrer, Stanley Kramer, Simone Signoret, José Greco
|Content Rating:
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|Video URL:
|Courtesy of:
|Screenplay, Inc.
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If you want old vinyl tracks to be stored on your computer or transferred to CD, take a look at our selection of vinyl converters which will help you to convert vinyl to CD or tape to mp3 in just a few easy steps. Also called USB turntables, these can transform your treasured record tracks into digital files at the touch of a button.
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text:
BSc in Civil Engineering
Academic Year
Degree Level
Minimum Education
High School
Subject Areas
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Typically The Application Process Time is
8 weeks
Post Services Include
- Alumni Network


text:
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text:
General Thinks Kunduz Strike Broke Rules, Officials Say
Gen. John F. Campbell told lawmakers that the Doctors Without Borders hospital in Kunduz was "mistakenly struck" as a result of "a U.S. decision made within the U.S. chain of command."
Gen. John F. Campbell told lawmakers that the Doctors Without Borders hospital in Kunduz was "mistakenly struck" as a result of "a U.S. decision made within the U.S. chain of command."
Tomas Lindahl, Paul Modrich and Aziz Sancar won for their efforts in mapping how the cell repairs its DNA and safeguards its genetic information.
The release, scheduled to start at the end of the month, will be one of the largest one-time discharges of federal inmates in U.S. history, officials said.
The residents of Marea had survived tanks, airstrikes and cluster munitions. But an ISIS attack this summer was different.
Preservationists are racing to save the Titanic-sized supership, once the world's fastest oceanliner, from the junk heap.
Here's what you need to know to start your day.
Experts have come to understand mass shootings less as isolated expressions of rage and more as acts that build on the outlines of previous rampages.
When support for Representative Kevin McCarthy began to crack, Representative Jason Chaffetz ran a familiar play: Talk about love of country and prepare for the live shot.
Three days' rest ended up being plenty for Houston's ace Dallas Keuchel as he pitched six shutout innings and the Astros eliminated the Yankees from the postseason.
The New York Times recently passed one million digital-only subscribers. This support from readers is allowing us to create vibrant forms of journalism.
It started with a bean sprout. Now grown-ups are sporting plastic decorations on their heads in the shape of vegetables, fruit and flowers.
The tech industry's frenzy for "unicorns," or billion-dollar start-ups, continues a long history of yearning for that mythical creature.
As dozens of women have accused Bill Cosby of sexual abuse, colleges across the country are grappling with the honorary degrees they gave him.
Loan servicing companies have been failing borrowers for a long time and need more oversight.
Do the benefits of the 12-nation agreement outweigh the concerns of the pact's critics?
Older adults are retiring to New York. For some, the original impetus is an urgent request to help raise a grandchild, but the pull of city life keeps them here.
Long favored by wealthy Italians, the 1956 Winter Olympics put Cortina d'Ampezzo on the world stage. Many properties trade discreetly among locals.
The parade of unorthodox buildings in the West Chelsea neighborhood will soon include a futuristic residence at 520 West 28th Street.
Audrey Heffernan Meyer, the actress, and her husband Danny Meyer, the restaurateur, came to the neighborhood 17 years ago.


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Cadillac ATS pictures and hands-on
A Cadillac on Pocket-Lint? Half the team has gone to Detroit and Las Vegas this week, so we figured you'd forgive us if we indulged our inner American, donned a Stetson and put some country and Western on the stereo. But it's just that kind of cheesy, hackneyed image of America - and its cars - that Cadillac would very much like us European buyers to forget when it comes to the new ATS.
Banish the image you currently have of Cadillacs - probably squidgy, over-sized American barges - and start to take the brand seriously as a competitor to BMW, say Cadillac's people. But should you, based on what we see here?
You probably won't have noticed, but you've been able to buy a Cadillac in Europe for some time: Cadillac is now on its third relaunch in Europe. Last time we looked at the figures, it had sold about five cars in the UK - we jest, of course, but not enormously. Why? Well, if we tell you that to-date its cars cost about the same as an equivalent BMW or Mercedes, that there were just a handful of dealers, that the quality and design wasn't anywhere near as good as anything made in Germany and that they didn't offer a diesel or hybrid, we suspect you might start to guess why.
So it's time to start again, and this time, Cadillac's gunning for the Germans with this - the ATS. In the UK, we might know that acronym better as a budget tyre-fitting establishment, but get beyond its name and this looks like it might actually be a car that's worth taking note of.
And if you are thinking it looks a little bit like a Mercedes C-class then you'd be right. Sit them side-by-side and they're almost identical, proportionally. That diving crease in the body side is very Benz-like too. Yet the whole look is edgier, and chiselled. Thank Cadillac's "Art and Science" design language, which for nearly 15 years now has been throwing out cars with so many creases and sharp edges that you feared you might cut your finger open.
Inside, there's CUE - Cadillac's new user interface - which is capacitive touchscreen-based and comes with haptic feedback. Here in the Cobo Hall at Detroit, the phone reception and 3G blackhole meant it wasn't fully operational or easy to judge. But it responded both super-quickly to inputs and with a lovely series of thunks, clunks and nudges as you worked through functions, thanks to those haptics.
We'll try and get a dedicated hands-on with the system on GM's stand at CES over the next few days, where we're promised we can test out its full range of capabilities. But until then we're more than giving it the benefit of the doubt.
Expect prices when the ATS goes on sale here later in the year to mirror BMW's new 3-Series and the aforementioned Merc. It'll come with diesel engines too, which means it might make sense as a company car purchase. Otherwise, until a "V" performance version turns up (around 2014) we'll make do with turbo-charged four- and six-cylinder petrol engines.
Our bet is that, put back-to-back and given the choice, most people would still rather have that 3-Series. But from mid-year, if you're bored sick of the predictability of the BMW/Audi/Mercedes triumvirate, or have always fancied owning a little bit of Americana, this Cadillac should provide a genuine and credible alternative to the German premium brands.
And based on what we can see in Detroit, you're no longer going to have to be mad to consider it.
Tesla's Elon Musk drums up publicity for new Model Y in now-deleted tweet
Everything you need to know about the Tesla Model X, the safest SUV ever
BMW X1 2015 first drive: Second-gen SUV makes off-road easy
Bloodhound supersonic car in pictures: The 1,000mph British record-breaker shown in London
- Tesla's Elon Musk drums up publicity for new Model Y in now-deleted tweet
- Everything you need to know about the Tesla Model X, the safest SUV ever
- BMW X1 2015 first drive: Second-gen SUV makes off-road easy
- Bloodhound supersonic car in pictures: The 1,000mph British record-breaker shown in London
- Spectre Bond cars, in photos: Jaguar CX75, Aston Martin DB10, Range Rover Sport SVR and Land Rover Defender
- It's official: Tesla schedules September event to launch Model X crossover
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- Apple Car has 2019 ship date but likely won't be fully autonomous by then
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- Audi e-tron Quattro SUV concept: An electric Q6 in disguise
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- Microsoft Surface Book vs Apple MacBook Pro with Retina display: What's the difference?
- Chromecast Audio review: Simply connect your disconnected speakers
- Which iPhone is best for you? iPhone 5S, iPhone 6, iPhone 6S, iPhone 6 Plus or iPhone 6S Plus?
- Microsoft Lumia 950 and Lumia 950 XL confirmed: What's the story?
- Microsoft Surface Book: Everything you need to know about the world's fastest laptop
- Microsoft Lumia 950 vs Lumia 950 XL vs Lumia 930: What's the difference?
- Microsoft Surface Pro 4 vs Surface Pro 3: What's the difference?
- Samsung Galaxy View: What's the story so far?


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Tidy Women with Child Looking to Rent FLAT/HOUSE IN THURROCK COUNCIL
PREFER GRAYS, CHAFFORD HUNDRED ,AVELEY,PURFLEET,TILBURY Looking to Rent 2 bedroom house or Flat, which will except housing benefits. Looking tidy house, not old built and with spacious rooms. I am women with child, working at home and Part Time Clea


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Upgraded recently to 2.8.6 and latest plugin version. The validation does not work anymore and form does do nothing.
I tried deactivating some plugins I know they should interfere but still no luck.
P.S I have got the emails but I have got no confirmation on the form that the email was sent.


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Free average electric use, water, sewer, trash service, and lawn care! Maintenance free living!
Offering 2, 3, and 4 bedrooms! Rental rate includes utilities* - average electric use(we participate in the Energy Conservation Program: call for details), water, sewer, trash, and lawn care! We offer spacious floor plans and more amenities than anyone in town!! We have availability for Active Duty, DOD Employees, qualified Civilians, and Retirees!!!! Our Community features a Tennis Court, Playgrounds, Walking/Jogging Trail, Dog Park, Splash Park, Swimming Pool and Community Center with planned activities. As you can see, when you come home to Whiting Pines it?s really like going on vacation! Come and see what "worry-free" living is all about! You'll be glad you did!
7 and 12 month leases available. Pet Policy: Dogs and cats allowed. Max of 2 pets. Call for breed restrictions.
Breed Restriction. Cats Allowed. Dogs Allowed. Call for service animal policy.
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December 2011
There are 32 blog entries for December 2011.
New Surterre Best Buy
Thursday, December 1st, 2011 at 4:55pm. 741 Views, 0 Comments.
To view selections for Surterre Best Buys this week, visit our Best Buys Page.
Surterre Properties' Best Buys Program offers buyers a carefully compiled collection of exceptionally valued properties in coastal Orange County communities including Newport Beach, Newport Coast, Corona Del Mar, Laguna Beach, Monarch Beach, Irvine, and San Clemente.
To have your property considered or to learn more about our Best Buys Program, please email us at email@example.com Full Post »
Find Your New Home This Weekend
Thursday, December 1st, 2011 at 8:29am. 1273 Views, 0 Comments.
This weekend's Surterre Properties® Open House Directory is now updated!
Click Here To View This Week's Open Houses
Check out our list of weekly open houses for luxury real estate in Orange County. Listings include homes for sale in Newport Beach, Newport Coast, Corona Del Mar, Laguna Beach, Monarch Beach, Irvine, and San Clemente.
Read Full Post »


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Obituary & Guest Book Preview for Donald L. (Don) Berg
Donald L. (Don) Berg Obituary
Published in Miami Herald on Mar. 2, 2013
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: BERG, donald L. (Don), passed away peacefully at his home on February 25th, he was 87. Don was well known local developer, restaurateur and a...
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Juniper (disambiguation)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
|Look up juniper in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
Juniper (Juniperus) is a type of shrub and tree in the cypress family.
- Juniper berry, the fruit of the juniper
Juniper may also refer to:
- "Juniper Suite", by Gryphon from their eponymous debut album
- Juniper (band), an Irish rock band founded in 1991
- The Junipers, a 5-piece psychedelic pop band formed in Leicester in 2000
- Juniper, a young adult novel by Monica Furlong
- Juniper Green, Midlothian, Scotland
- Juniper, Northumberland, England
- Juniper, New Brunswick, Canada
- Juniper, Lassen County, California, United States
- Juniper, Modoc County, California, United States
- Juniper, Georgia, United States
- Juniper, Michigan, United States
Businesses and organisations[edit]
- Juniper Bank, a credit card issuer owned by Barclays plc based in Delaware, USA
- Juniper Networks, a networking equipment company based in Sunnyvale, California, USA
- Juniperus Capital, a Bermuda-based hedge fund
- Juniper (given name), a given name (including a list of people and fictional characters with the given name or variants)
- Saint Juniper (Fra Ginepro, died 1258), a follower of Saint Francis of Assisi
People with the surname[edit]
- Robert Juniper (1929–2012), Australian artist
- Tony Juniper (born 1960), British environmentalist and author
Other uses[edit]
- Juniper (train), a family of trains used on the British railway network
- Juniperr (trimaran), a trimaran sailboat designed by Chris White Designs and sailed around the world by Henk de Velde
- Juniper, a codename for the AMD/ATI R800 graphic processor
See also[edit]
|This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Juniper.
If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article.


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Originally posted on Fox Sports Detroit | Last updated 11/28/12
The Detroit Tigers on Tuesday announced their 2013 exhibition schedule. Next spring will mark the Tigers' 77th season at TigerTown in Lakeland, Fla., extending the longest-standing relationship between a major league team and a current spring training host city. The 2013 spring season marks the Tigers' 48th consecutive season of exhibition play at Joker Marchant Stadium. The Tigers will begin the exhibition schedule on Feb. 22 as they open the Grapefruit League schedule on the road against the Atlanta Braves. The next day the Tigers play at home against the Toronto Blue Jays in Lakeland. For more information or to buy tickets, call 863-686-8075 or visit tigers.com. Tigers 2013 spring training schedule Fri. Feb. 22, Atlanta, at Disney World, 1:05 Sat. Feb. 23, Toronto, at Lakeland, 1:05 Sun. Feb. 24, Philadelphia, at Lakeland, 1:05 Mon. Feb. 25, Philadelphia, at Clearwater, 1:05 Tues. Feb. 26, Houston, at Kissimmee, TBA Wed. Feb. 27, Atlanta, at Lakeland, 1:05 Thurs. Feb...
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Hagia Sophia
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Hagia Sophia, was an early Christian church [1][2] and later an Eastern Orthodox church. It was made into a mosque in 1453 by the Turks [1] and changed into a museum in 1935. It is in Istanbul, Turkey. It is often said to be one of the greatest, and most beautiful buildings in history. Hagia Sophia was rebuilt by Trdat the Architect, an Armenian who was sent by Byzantine officials, after a big earthquake hit the area.


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Sheets "All But Signed" by....Cubs!!!
From the Toronto Globe and Mail:
The Blue Jays will have a scout at tomorrow's workout by free-agent
pitcher Ben Sheets, but he's all but signed by the Chicago Cubs.
Transmission will give his left nut for this to be true (thanks to navigator for the tip).
Re: Sheets "All But Signed" by....Cubs!!!
I always liked that commercial. I have more mixed feelings about Sheets. I'd be open to it if the base salary is cheap enough, though. I guess that's kind of like, "I'm all for a public health care option, provided it doesn't result in higher taxes or less money for other budget items."
Re: Sheets "All But Signed" by....Cubs!!!
I would think that if the rumor's true, then it has to be for a low base salary and some incentives. The Cubs don't have a lot of money left and still have holes to fill, allegedly.
FWIW, though, this rumor seems ... uh, less than credible.
Re: Sheets "All But Signed" by....Cubs!!!
That commercial is the balls!
Re: Sheets "All But Signed" by....Cubs!!!
Sheets will be added to Hendry's long list of reclamation projects, but his high side is way higher than Wade Miller or Chad Fox or even Dempster.
Definitely worth a long look.
Re: Sheets "All But Signed" by....Cubs!!!
I find this rumor hard to believe. Simply, if it was true why would he be throwing for a bunch of teams tomorrow. it dosn't make sense.
Re: Sheets "All But Signed" by....Cubs!!!
Trying to drive his price up?
Re: Dye
Waddle and Silvy just tweeted that they're going to have Levine on to talk about the Cubs and Dye... at 12:25
that's basically NOW
Re: Sheets "All But Signed" by....Cubs!!!
I think Lou wants Dye or at least he has hinted at by saying they were going to sign a 'significant' backup outfielder. With Soriano and Byrd both getting older I would expect to see Dye alot if he can also stay healthy.
Re: Sheets "All But Signed" by....Cubs!!!
I figured Lou was talking aboot Rocco Baldelli.
Re: Sheets "All But Signed" by....Cubs!!!
Oh, now we're just being unfair to the competition. First Jaramillo, then Maddux... now Ben Sheets? Will the Cardinals even show up to play this season?
Re: Sheets "All But Signed" by....Cubs!!!
The fact that we're looking at guys like Dye and Nady to be 4th outfielders speaks volumes of our recent OF free agent signings. Fukudome, Byrd, and Soriano are so good that we need to sign somebody to get the 300-400 ABs that, frankly, we don't really want to give to them.
I'm not opposed to picking up Dye or Nady, though. Getting insurance for a corner OF spot seems like a good idea to me. I hope we've got somebody in the minors who can be insurance for CF, too. At least Fuld and/or Colvin ought to be passable 4th outfielders should something happen to Byrd and Fukudome have to reclaim CF.
Re: Sheets "All But Signed" by....Cubs!!!
I'd prefer Nady given the choice between the two.
Re: Sheets "All But Signed" by....Cubs!!!
Maybe the Cubs can bring back Edmonds. He's apparently willing to play for the league minimum (as least for St. Louis).
Re: Sheets "All But Signed" by....Cubs!!!
And with the Cards' amazing new hitting coach I'd look for Edmonds to hist between 45 and 66 homers if he signs. I hear the new coach is that good.
Re: Sheets "All But Signed" by....Cubs!!!
Cubs need Dye or Nady or somebody with pop to add to the bench--since nobody from the group of Hill, Blanco, Fontenot, and Fuld would scare the other team late in the game when "one swing of the bat" would make a difference.
Re: Sheets "All But Signed" by....Cubs!!!
Fox could've been the guy.
But Nady can actually play some (outfield) defense, can't he? So he'd have that on Hoffpauir and probably even Dye.
Re: Sheets "All But Signed" by....Cubs!!!
And, you know, Soriano.
Re: Sheets "All But Signed" by....Cubs!!!
Nady/Dye...Sheets rumor...still on the lookout for a veteran relief pitcher...
when did the cub suddenly get 10-15m more to spend?
sure, sheets could take care of his own rumor + push a guy into the pen, but unless he's throwing in the 80s or he can't get the ball out of his hand quick enough when throwing to the plate i don't see how he'd be coming in under 5-7m and incentives should be involved.
Re: Sheets "All But Signed" by....Cubs!!!
Well, it could be the case that Sheets may really not be ready to pitch with real arm strength anyway until May or June?
I'd have to agree, unless Hendry really makes it so sweet on the back-end (and Sheets having the confidence to know he is gonna deliver) that Sheets could sign a one-year for less than we are thinking.
Re: Sheets "All But Signed" by....Cubs!!!
uggla settles w/ marlins 1yr/7.8m
...there are a few tracking him in FLA on here...well, there were more before FLA was forced into spending more money.
Re: Sheets "All But Signed" by....Cubs!!!
"Remember way back in 2008, when then-Blue Jays GM J. P. Ricciardi put down Dunn's abilities, leading to general mockery and vilification of Ricciardi all over the internet?"
yeah...for being a lazy player who's reputation in CIN was so toxic and distracting it wasn't funny.
want to join his fantasy football pool or talk football while laughing off coaches and pulling the rest of the locker room into someone else's personal circus? dave miley can give references to how awesome it is.
Re: Dunn
not at all..retardi (for more reasons than this)is an idiot and you don't call out players like that because a radio call in fan riled you up.
i'm just saying dunn has his reputation because he unashamedly earned it. he's not even a dick or known to be hated by his peers...he's just seen as a distraction to clubhouse authority with a lack of motivation he's vocal about. life of the party syndrome...
i wouldn't go as far as to say he's wasting his talent, but if he was a pitcher a good talking to by a personality like nolan ryan or curt schilling might do him some good.
...i'm also saying his "abilities" weren't being called out as much as the person he is in the world of baseball
Re: Sheets "All But Signed" by....Cubs!!!
rumored 4th OF, Spillborghs 2/$3.25 avoiding arbitration for this yr and next (1.3M this, 1.95M next)
ex-Cub Aaron Heilman, $2.15M also avoiding arbitration...so that's money from last yrs payroll that's been freed up for some extra squirrel poison.
Re: Sheets "All But Signed" by....Cubs!!!
Who owes whom a coke?
Re: Sheets "All But Signed" by....Cubs!!!
Alexander Sosa owes it to Tony Montana
Brenley not to keen on Cub's chances this year
He was on WSCR this am-
from what I remember-"Sometimes a team of charatcters has to overcome it's ability to win games and this team has to do that."
Re: Sheets "All But Signed" by....Cubs!!!
I need a translator. Was Brenley trying to say this team will only win if it overachieves or am I not getting it right?
Re: Sheets "All But Signed" by....Cubs!!!
Don't you speak Martian?
He's saying this team needs to overachieve.
Re: Sheets "All But Signed" by....Cubs!!!
This is really going to put a damper on my annual spring rose-colored optimism.
Re: Sheets "All But Signed" by....Cubs!!!
Even though at this point last year the Cards didn't have Holliday or two CY Young contenders?
Re: Sheets "All But Signed" by....Cubs!!!
Re: Sheets "All But Signed" by....Cubs!!!
This was also scrolling across the top of the Onion's Sports page:
Sabermetric Fan Eschews Purchase Of Super 2 Arbitration Eligible Left Fielder's Jersey For High UZR Shortstop Under Six Years Of Team Control
Re: Sheets "All But Signed" by....Cubs!!!
From Bruce Levine's chat at espn Chicago:
Breaking news: The Cubs have signed five of their arbitration-eligible players. According to sources, Mike Fontenot signed for $1 million; Jeff Baker signed for $975,000; Koyie Hill signed for $700,000; Tom Gorzellany signed for $800,000; and Jose Guzman signed for $825,000. The Cubs have filed on Carlos Marmol, Sean Marshall and Ryan Theriot. The players' numbers and team's numbers will come out at 2 p.m. Chicago time.
Re: Sheets "All But Signed" by....Cubs!!!
Here's a link to the chat that goes for another 45 minutes or so. (He meant Angel Guzman by the way.)
Re: Sheets "All But Signed" by....Cubs!!!
it's all a push/pull of a couple 100 grand at most...no one's contract is really stupid, imo.
Re: Sheets "All But Signed" by....Cubs!!!
Except $1MM for Fontenot.
He is still a AAAA in my mind and on the field.
I guess a million don't buy what it used to.
Re: Sheets "All But Signed" by....Cubs!!!
They can still release these guys in March and get out of paying them the bulk of these contracts...right?
This is from AZ Phil's Corner:
"Win or lose, the player is awarded a standard one-year MLB contract with no "minor league split" salary or incentive/performance bonuses, and the contract is not guaranteed, so if the player is released during Spring Training, the club would only owe the player 30 days or 45 days salary as termination pay, depending on when the player is released. (A player receives 100% of what remains of his salary if he is released during the regular season). The Major League Baseball Players Association (MLBPA) is very sensitive about salary arbitration, so if a player who was awarded a contract through the salary arbitration process is released during Spring Training, the MLBPA will almost certainly file a grievance on behalf of the player, claiming the player was released for economic reasons only (which is not permitted), and asking that the released player receive 100% of his salary as termination pay. In that situation, a club would only have to show (by submitting official Spring Training game stats) that the released player was outperformed in Spring Training games by another player (or players) competing for that roster spot."
Re: Sheets "All But Signed" by....Cubs!!!
Further down in AZ Phil's Corner there's a bit about Outright Release Waivers where termination pay comes into it too.
But I should shut up and wait for AZ Phil.
Re: Sheets "All But Signed" by....Cubs!!!
According to Levine, these guys can be released prior to 4/1 and they only get a fifth of the money they signed for. If Fontenot has a bad spring....
Re: Sheets "All But Signed" by....Cubs!!!
QUIET MAN: That only applies to players who are awarded a contract by the arbitration panel at a hearing.
For players eligible for salary arbitration who sign prior to going to a hearing, the player might or might not end up with a guaranteed contract. It's negotiable. For instance, last year the Cubs settled with Chad Gaudin ($2M one-year guaranteed contract) without going to a hearing, but gave him a guaranteed contract in exchange for taking less money than he wanted. Then the Cubs were on the hook for the entire $2M after he got released (less the pro-rated MLB minimum Gaudin got when he signed with the Padres in April).
Conversely, Reed Johnson signed a $3.25M non-guaranteed deal with Toronto pre-2008, so that when the Jays released him prior to Opening Day 2008 they only had to pay him $800K+ (45 days salary) as termination pay. Then the Cubs signed him for $1.3M, so that Johnson ended up with an aggregate $2.1M salary for 2008 ($800K termination pay from TOR plus $1.3M salary from the Cubs). However, if Johnson had signed a $3.25M 2008 guaranteed contract and then got released prior to Opening Day, the Jays would have been on the hook for the entire $3.25M, minus the MLB minimum salary the Cubs would have given Johnson, and RJ would have gotten all of his money.
As I mentioned on the next thread above, Mike Fontenot probably got more money than the other four arbitration-eligible guys who signed today in exchange for accepting a minor league split salary (probably about $300K) in case he gets optioned to the minors in 2010 (which very well could happen).
Re: Sheets "All But Signed" by....Cubs!!!
You're the best Phil!
Yeah, I think it's mostly Fontenot's contract that's just silly. I know it's the first time he's arbitration-eligible but his numbers would suggest a decrease not a pay hike of more than double what he made in 2009 ($430,000 acc. to ESPN).
To me, when guys like Fontenot can double their salaries after a shitty year -- not to mention getting chosen as a super-2 over Adam Jones and Micah Owings -- the system ain't working.
Re: Sheets "All But Signed" by....Cubs!!!
He wasn't "chosen" over Jones and Owings based on performance. It all has to do with service time.
Re: Sheets "All But Signed" by....Cubs!!!
#43 Re:
Submitted by Andrew on Tue, 01/19/2010 - 12:35pm.
So that's $4.3 million for those five. That's likely too much, considering that AZ Phil projected $10 million for the lot of them (at least according to the sidebar)
Just Hendry overpaying again?
Rumor had it that these guys wanted a total of 2.1 million between them.
Re: Sheets "All But Signed" by....Cubs!!!
He thinks he's a power hitter now, so he wants to get PAID for those homeruns he hit back in May.
Re: Sheets "All But Signed" by....Cubs!!!
You got to sign him somehow. You don't want to risk him hitting for a division competitor.
Re: Sheets "All But Signed" by....Cubs!!!
I wish...
Re: Sheets "All But Signed" by....Cubs!!!
How about signing Tejada for a year to play SS instead of Dye as 4th outfielder?
Recent comments
Correct. Castro 5th, AJax 6th; I'll edit my lineup post to fix this.
Lineup: Fowler, Soler, KB, Rizzo, Castro, AJax, Montero, Hendricks, Russell
if he put ajax 1st/2nd in the f'n playoffs he deserves to lose his nearly sure-thing MOY award to terry collins.
I believe Castro batting fifth, Ajax (LF) sixth
Maddon did not listen to me yesterday re Strop, or EricS on Schwarbs today.
Wtf is up w/that?!
Crunch got his wish - Ajax not hitting 1-2 in the lineup ...
I know he's struggles against lefties but Schwarber seems zoned in - hope he starts tonight.
Awesome stuff, Phil.
listening on ESPN 1000, caller says Bill Welke will be the home plate ump today. Supposedly his reputation is for having an even bigger strike zone than last night's Phil Cuzzi. Some of the issues with bad umpiring come from an inconsistent strike zone. Hoping at least for consistency. Last night's called strike on David Ross was outright embarrassing for Cuzzi.
That might work out in favor of Kyle Hendricks, who benefits much from a large strike zone.
it's kind of mesmerizing to watch
should Theo add some Ted Abernathy videos for minor league pitching coordinator's use?
sadly, Ted passed away in 2004 from complications of Alzheimers. I always loved the Cub bullpen trio of Phil Regan, Ted Abernathy and Hank Aguirre. As a kid, I even worked on both Phil Regan (very quirky delivery) and Ted Abernathy (extreme submarine) imitations when throwing a rubber ball against a wall. It wasn't a good imitation unless I could scrape my knuckles off the ground. I'll always have a soft spot in my heart for submariners.
HAGSAG: Chris Pieters was sent to instructs to develop his hitting, bunting, and outfield play (he is already a decent first-baseman).
Pieters is tall and rangy , a "long-strider" in the same mold as Trey Martin and Rashad Crawford. He is a very patient hitter (unusual for a hitter with his lack of experience) and has an outstanding (almost uncanny) eye at the plate, and he is a fast runner with unusually good baserunning instincts, and he is a good basestealer, too.
I doubt we will see Pedro in any more "high leverage" situations this series. With Hendricks and the pen today, we need Bryant-Rizzo-Castro to get going ASAP.
One funny thing to see before the game was the two submariner pitchers (David Berg and Corbin Hoffner) playing catch with each other. Both pitchers throw "submarine" even when they play catch, and it's kind of mesmerizing to watch, even for the other players.
CUBSTER: One of the points of emphasis at "basic" Instructs this year was teaching the position players the art of baserunning and base-stealing, like getting a good primary and seconday lead, reading the pitcher, cutting bases sharply, and different ways to slide to maximize the baserunner's chance to arrive safely.
Brooksbaseball.net has some interesting stats/graphs on pitch and strike zones and you can dial up individual games/pitchers. I'd love to see some comments from readers who can interpret this better than I can. I thought the Ump was really inconsistent with a very wide zone. Does this info seem to match up with my eyeball perception? Also, looking at the graphs, Lackey was not throwing as many pitches below the K-zone (certainly more above) while Lester was clearly getting his pitches down and not many above.
As I was fearing in my post yesterday, Maddon keeps trotting Strop out against the Redbirds and he constantly fails. I understand the psychology behind this, but in a series where there is a finite lock on who moves on, why does he keep riding the wrong horse?


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Heartland law enforcement authorities are on the lookout for what they consider to be a dangerous fugitive who has been known to be violent.Schuyler County Sheriff Josh Dole says they have several felony warrants for Terry Anders, 40, of Glenwood, Mo.Anders is wanted on three counts of attempted assault on a law enforcement officer, distribution of meth and felony resisting arrest. When he's taken in to custody, Anders will be jailed on a quarter million dollars cash only bond.Sheriff Dole says Anders could also have a full beard. If you see Anders you're urged not to approach him and just call your local law enforcement agency.
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Simple Entertaining with a Garden Fresh Tuna Sandwich
Simple entertaining with a garden fresh tuna sandwich, combined with some inspiration, can create spiritual monuments in our lives. It's the act of giving that not only gives us hope, but it teaches us the benefits of loving and sharing, often done through food.
Food just tastes better when enjoyed with a friend.
And even better when you're surprised with a drop-in visit.
And then you ask your friend if she's had lunch?
That's when I reach into the pantry, grab a can of tuna, and then look around to what garden fresh veggies are ripening on the counter.
There's something about a tuna sandwich, so tasty and fresh. In our home we call them "tuna melts", because we usually broil them with delicious cheese on top.
But this time I made a garden fresh, summer treat.
I added a lactose-free sour cream (instead of heavy mayo), salt and pepper, and corn relish with sweet relish.
Oh, boy!
And then I topped with fresh tomatoes and sliced avocado – can you say "heaven?" You can't go wrong with a few shakes of ground pepper, and then served on Dave's Killer Bread (also our family favorite).
Late summer tuna sandwiches are delicious to serve for drop-in lunches. Add in a bit of girlfriend talk, love and inspiration, and then a hug (it's always good to catch up with a friend), and send her on her way.
When's the last time you whipped up a tuna sandwich, and what are your favorite 3 ingredients to add?
Green Valley Organics provided the sour cream, but I was not compensated for this post today. All opinions are my own, simply because we LOVE Green Valley Organics Lactose Free Sour Cream!
Want to make home-canned gifts for Christmas this year? Try my Corn Relish or Sweet Smokey Zucchini Salsa!
Also visit Mountain Mama Cooks for her spectacular canning posts:
10 Responses to "Simple Entertaining with a Garden Fresh Tuna Sandwich"
- #1
Ooohhhh I want that sandwich, like, really bad right now.
- #2
I adore a good tuna sandwich! This is gorgeous Sandy!!
- #3
Yum! I just made tuna yesterday. Tuna, mayo, pickles. Then I either like to grill it with cheese or eat it cold on Daves bread with lettuce, cheese, maybe tomatoe..never thought to try avocado.
- #4
Delicious-looking sandwich! :)
- #5
I haven't made a tuna sandwich in a long time. I might have to go make one right now for lunch.
- #6
The second I spotted this on Facebook I started drooling (in the most tasteful way possible)… total amazingness!
- #7
Now THAT is a tuna sandwich, Sandy!!! I want this for lunch!!!
- #8
Do you deliver? I desperately want this for lunch today!! Holy deliciousness!
- #9
Can't stand mayo, so glad to see it made with sour cream! Not sure why I never tried that, it looks incredible. Pinned. Since I don't make tuna sandwiches much, not sure what I would put on it. But I do happen to have avocado on hand, so I think that would go great.
- #10
Yummy! So cute and it's perfect, Definitely Going to make tuna sandwich this weekend for my family.


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Page 1
BMB reports
*Corresponding author. Tel: 401-444-7364; Fax: 401-444-2939;
E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com
Received 1 July 2009
Keywords: Alzheimer's disease, Central nervous system, Ceramid,
Diabetes mellitus, Insulin resistance, Neurodegeneration, Non-al-
coholic steatohepatitis, Obesity, Streptozotocin
Insulin resistance and Alzheimer's disease
Suzanne M. de la Monte*
Departments of Neurology, Pathology, and Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and the Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University,
Providence, RI, USA
Emerging data demonstrate pivotal roles for brain insulin resist-
ance and insulin deficiency as mediators of cognitive impair-
ment and neurodegeneration, particularly Alzheimer's disease
(AD). Insulin and insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) regulate neu-
ronal survival, energy metabolism, and plasticity, which are re-
quired for learning and memory. Hence, endogenous brain-spe-
cific impairments in insulin and IGF signaling account for the
majority of AD-associated abnormalities. However, a second
major mechanism of cognitive impairment has been linked to
obesity and Type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Human and experimental
animal studies revealed that neurodegeneration associated with
peripheral insulin resistance is likely effectuated via a liv-
er-brain axis whereby toxic lipids, including ceramides, cross
the blood brain barrier and cause brain insulin resistance, oxi-
dative stress, neuro-inflammation, and cell death. In essence,
there are dual mechanisms of brain insulin resistance leading to
AD-type neurodegeneration: one mediated by endogenous,
CNS factors; and the other, peripheral insulin resistance with
excess cytotoxic ceramide production. [BMB reports 2009;
42(8): 475-481]
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of de-
mentia in the Western hemisphere. Aging is by far the most
important risk factor, and in essence, a requirement for devel-
oping AD. The same is true for many other neurodegenerative
diseases such as Parkinson's disease, frontotemporal dementia,
diffuse Lewy body disease, and progressive supranuclear pal-
sy, as these syndromes seldom occur in young or even middle
aged individuals. Given the requirement for an aged central
nervous system (CNS) template, gaining a fuller understanding
of how and why wear and tear changes develop, persist, and
progress with prolonged survival is critical to the future design
of therapeutic strategies to prevent neurodegeneration.
At the core of the aging process is increased DNA damage,
which is mediated by oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunc-
tion, and reduced energy metabolism/ATP production. In AD,
these same abnormalities occur but their severities are greater
and their distributions broader due to involvement of targets
beyond those impaired or destroyed by normal aging. For ex-
ample, prominent involvement of corticolimbic structures ac-
counts for the progressive deficits in memory, learning, and
behavior in AD. Currently, it is hotly debated as to whether
progressive DNA damage and oxidative stress actually trigger
and/or propagate AD; or 2) if other underlying factors cause
and/or contribute to the pathogenesis of AD, while also ex-
acerbating aging associated oxidative stress and DNA damage
in the CNS. Our hypothesis is that in sporadic AD, which ac-
counts for the majority of cases, impairment of brain insulin
signaling forms the core of the neurodegeneration cascade
(1-3). The mechanism we propose is that brain insulin defi-
ciency and resistance cause neuronal death due to trophic fac-
tor withdrawal, deficits in energy metabolism, and inhibition
of insulin-responsive gene expression, including those re-
quired for acetylcholine homeostasis.
Insulin and igf actions in brain
Insulin and IGF modulate neuronal growth, survival, differ-
entiation, migration, metabolism, gene expression, protein
synthesis, cytoskeletal assembly, synapse formation, and plasti-
city (4). In addition, insulin and IGF-I regulate growth, survival,
and myelin production/maintenance in oligodendrocytes (4).
Correspondingly, impaired signaling through insulin/IGF re-
ceptors adversely affects a broad range of neuronal and glial
functions including, glucose homeostasis, energy metabolism,
and white matter fiber structure and function. Although insulin
and IGF supplied in the circulation can modulate brain func-
tions such as blood flow and energy metabolism (5), endoge-
nous expression of the same polypeptides and their receptors
in the CNS indicates that the downstream signaling pathways
can be selectively regulated by local and specific activation of
the said pathways (1-4, 6, 7). For example, endogenous CNS
insulin is likely to be more critical for responding to local and
immediate demands associated with learning and memory,
than peripheral sources of the same trophic factor (4, 7).
Insulin and IGF-I mediate their effects by activating intrinsic
receptor tyrosine kinases (8), which then tyrosine phosphor-
Mini Review
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Insulin resistance and AD
Suzanne M. de la Monte
BMB reports
ylate insulin receptor stubstrate (IRS) proteins (9). Tyrosine
phosphorylated (TP) IRS transmits intracellular signals that me-
diate growth, metabolism, and viability by interacting with
downstream SH2 domain-containing molecules (10), including
the p85 regulatory subunit of phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase
(PI3 kinase) (11). PI3 kinase stimulates glucose transport (12)
and inhibits apoptosis by activating Akt/Protein kinase B and
inhibiting glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) (13).
Positive stimulation through the PI3K/Akt pathway preserves
mitochondrial membrane integrity (14), and inhibits produc-
tion of free radicals that cause mitochondrial DNA damage,
mitochondrial dysfunction, and pro-apoptosis mechanisms
(15). Therefore, impairments of insulin and IGF signaling due
to insulin/IGF resistance and/or trophic factor withdrawal leads
to decreased energy metabolism manifested by reduced glu-
cose uptake and ATP production (1). Reduced ATP adversely
affects cellular homeostasis, membrane permeability, and fun-
damental processes required for synaptic maintenance and re-
modeling, which are needed for learning and establishing new
Brain insulin/IGF resistance and deficiency in Alzheimer's
In the early stages of AD, cerebral glucose utilization is re-
duced by as much as 45%, and blood flow by ∼18%. In the
later stages, metabolic and physiological abnormalities wor-
sen, resulting in 55-65% reductions in cerebral blood flow
(16). Therefore, altered brain metabolism with features resem-
bling T2DM (17), is detectable soon after the onset of de-
mentia-related symptoms. Since cerebral metabolism declines
prior to cognitive deterioration, it is likely that energy failure
represents one of the earliest hallmarks of AD. Together, these
observations suggest that AD-associated abnormalities in en-
ergy metabolism are caused by insulin resistance or reduced
insulin actions in the brain, i.e. brain diabetes (18).
Analysis of postmortem human brains demonstrated that AD
is associated with significantly reduced expression of in-
sulin/IGF trophic factors, their receptors, and IRS proteins, and
that these abnormalities increase in severity with progression
of dementia and neurodegeneration (2, 7). Since IRS mole-
cules are the primary gatekeepers regulating insulin and IGF
signaling, the finding that the expression levels of all 3 IRS pro-
teins were reduced indicates that, inability to effectively acti-
vate downstream pathways needed to stimulate growth, surviv-
al, and metabolism, represents a major abnormality in AD.
The critical roles of IRS molecules in the maintenance of brain
structure and function have been validated in IRS gene deple-
tion models. IRS-1 knockout mice exhibit small but significant
reductions in brain weight (19), while genetic depletion of
IRS-2 impairs neuronal proliferation, and promotes intra-neuro-
nal accumulation of phosphorylated tau and neurofibrillary
tangles in the hippocampi of affected old mice (20).
In addition to reduced expression of insulin/IGF receptors,
AD is associated with reduced insulin, IGF-I, and IGF-II re-
ceptor binding (2), which deteriorates as AD progresses (7).
Further analyses linked the impairments in ligand-receptor
binding to increased membrane cholesterol content in brain
(7), possibly secondary to the ApoE4 genotype, which is preva-
lent in individuals with AD (21), and contributes to aging-asso-
ciated perturbations in membrane lipid composition (17).
Impairments in ligand-receptor binding and downstream sig-
naling through insulin/IGF/IRS pathways, together are suffi-
cient to cause brain insuIin/IGF resistance in AD.
In essence, there are at two main pathophysiological mecha-
nisms of brain insulin/IGF resistance in AD: 1) progressive loss
of insulin/IGF responsive neurons, caused by trophic factor
withdrawal; and 2) impaired insulin/IGF ligand-receptor bind-
ing due to pathological alterations in membrane lipid compo-
sition, and probably reduced membrane receptor expression
as well. The realization that AD is associated with both in-
sulin/IGF deficiency and insulin/IGF resistance which are for
the most part, confined to the CNS, led us to the conclusion
that AD represents a brain-specific or brain-restricted form of
diabetes mellitus, hence the term, "Type 3 Diabetes" (2).
Consequences of brain insulin and IGF-I mal-signaling in
Aberrant Phosphorylation of tau. Insulin and IGF-I support
neuronal cytoskeletal functions via phosphorylation (22),
which is required for cytoskeleton assembly and stabilization.
Erk MAPK and cyclin dependent kinase 5 are the major kin-
ases responsible for physiological phosphorylation of tau via
insulin and IGF-1 stimulation (23). Impaired insulin or IGF-1
signaling, as occurs in AD, can result in hyper-phosphorylation
of tau due to inhibition of PI3K/Akt, and increased activation
of GSK-3β (20). In addition, inhibition of insulin/IGF-1 signal-
ing blocks the Wnt pathway (24), which negatively regulates
GSK-3β via a PI3K/Akt-independent mechanism. In AD, both
PI3K/Akt and Wnt signaling have been linked to key molecular
abnormalities in AD (25). Finally, GSK-3β can be activated by
oxidative stress (26), which is a consequence of insulin/IGF re-
sistance and established feature of AD. Hyper-phosphorylated
tau cannot be transported into axons, and instead accumulates
and aggregates in neuronal perikarya. Aberrant intra-neuronal
phospho-tau accumulation contributes to neurodegeneration
by enhancing oxidative stress (27), and triggering pathophysio-
logical cascades that lead to increased apoptosis, mitochon-
drial dysfunction, and necrosis.
Amyloid β β precursor protein (Aβ βPP) and Aβ βPP-Aβ β pathology
Insulin influences AβPP-Aβ peptide metabolism by accelerat-
ing its trafficking to the plasma membrane from the trans-Golgi
network, where it's generated. In addition, insulin increases
extracellular levels of AβPP-Aβ by promoting its secretion and
inhibiting its degradation by insulin-degrading enzyme. These
effects of insulin on AβPP metabolism are mediated by down-
Page 3
Insulin resistance and AD
Suzanne M. de la Monte
BMB reports
stream signaling through Erk MAPK (28). Therefore, impaired
insulin signaling disrupts physiological processing of AβPP-Aβ.
At the same time, AβPP-Aβ can adversely affect insulin signal-
ing by competing with and inhibiting insulin binding or re-
ducing the affinity of insulin binding to its own receptor (29).
This suggests that AβPP-Aβ accumulations can promote tau hy-
per-phosphorylation and formation of dementia associated
paired helical filament-containing neuronal cytoskeletal le-
sions (neurofibrillary tangles, neuritic plaques, and neuropil
threads) via functional impairment of the insulin signaling cas-
cade, and attendant increased levels of GSK-3β activity. In ad-
dition, AβPP-Aβ exerts adverse/neurodegenerative effects be-
cause it can function as a neurotoxin (30). However, AβPP-Aβ-
induced neurotoxicity can be prevented by pre-treatment with
IGF-1 >>IGF-II (30), and these neuro-protective actions of
IGFs are mediated by activation of PI3K/Akt, and suppression
of GSK-3β (31).
Oxidative Injury
Insulin/IGF resistance leads to increased oxidative stress, mi-
tochondrial dysfunction, DNA damage, and cell death.
Correspondingly, the progressive worsening of insulin/IGF re-
sistance with stage of AD is correlated with increased oxida-
tive stress, DNA damage with apoptosis, incorporation of
8-OHdG, which destabilizes DNA, lipid peroxidation man-
ifested by 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE) accumulation, activation
of pro-apoptosis genes and signaling mechanisms (1, 3).
Increased expression of pro-oxidant genes such as NOS and
NOX, and reduced expression of mitochondria-encoded genes
that are critical for ATP production, also contribute to brain in-
sulin resistance.
Insulin degrading enzyme
Insulin degrading enzyme (IDE) catalyzes insulin degradation
and negatively regulates its signaling. However, IDE can also
degrade soluble AβPP-Aβ (32), and thereby regulate ex-
tracellular levels of AβPP-Aβ (33). AβPP-Aβ(1-40) and AβPP-
Aβ (1-42), the main physiological C-terminal cleavage prod-
ucts of AβPP, inhibit insulin binding and insulin receptor au-
to-phosphorylation by reducing affinity of insulin binding to its
own receptor (29). Since AβPP-Aβ competes with insulin for
receptor binding, inefficient degradation of soluble AβPP-Aβ
could represent an important mediator of brain insulin resist-
ance in AD. Correspondingly, in situ studies have demon-
strated increased IDE immunoreactivity surrounding senile pla-
ques (34), and reduced IDE expression in AD hippocampi (35).
Moreover, transgenic mice that over-express mutant IDE devel-
op hyperinsulinemia, glucose intolerance, and increased levels
of AβPP-Aβ in the brain. These findings support the hypothesis
that AβPP-Aβ contributes to AD neurodegeneration by impair-
ing insulin signaling, and promoting insulin resistance. One
caveat in this argument is that, if AβPP-Aβ interferes with IDE
function, the outcome should be to increase rather than de-
crease insulin levels and actions in the CNS. In AD, the oppo-
site is true-- increased levels of AβPP-Aβ are associated with
reduced levels of CNS insulin and IGF-1 (2, 7).
Type 3 diabetes model of AD
Reflection on some of the earlier findings in AD, including the
impaired glucose utilization, mitochondrial dysfunction, re-
duced ATP production, and energy shortage, led to the hy-
pothesis that these abnormalities were mediated by desensiti-
zation of the neuronal insulin receptor (36). The stated meta-
bolic abnormalities, as well as several of the classical histo-
pathological lesions of AD, could be attributed, in part, to re-
duced insulin levels and reduced insulin receptor function in
AD. Hoyer was among the first to suggest that reduced levels
of brain insulin may precipitate a cascade resulting in dis-
turbances in cellular glucose, acetylcholine, cholesterol, and
ATP levels, impaired membrane function, accumulation of
amyloidogenic derivatives, and hyper-phosphorylation of tau,
i.e. that AD may represent a brain form of Type 2 diabetes
mellitus (36).
Streptozotocin (STZ) is a nitrosamide methylnitrosourea
linked to D-glucose, and taken up by insulin-producing cells
such as beta cells in pancreatic islets. Once metabolized, the
N-nitrosoureido is liberated and causes DNA damage and cell
death through generation of reactive oxygen species (37).
Intracerebroventricular (ic) injection of STZ impairs brain glu-
cose utilization oxidative metabolism (38), insulin receptor
function (39), and spatial learning and memory (6, 40).
Moreover, ic-STZ treatments produced long-term and pro-
gressive deficits in learning, memory, cognition, behavior, and
cerebral energy balance (6, 40).
Rat brains treated by ic-STZ had striking histopathological,
biochemical, and molecular neurodegenerative abnormalities
that overlapped with AD. The ic-STZ-injected brains became
atrophic due to neuronal and oligodendroglial cell loss medi-
ated by apoptosis, mitochondrial dysfunction, neuro-inflam-
mation, and oxidative stress (6). In addition, the brains had sig-
nificantly increased expression of AβPP and acetylcholinester-
ase (40), increased levels of GSK-3β activity, phospho-tau,
ubiquitin, and AβPP-Aβ, and decreased expression of choline
acetyltransferase (6, 40), similar to the findings in AD. Impor-
tantly, ic-STZ induced neurodegenerative abnormalities and
neurocognitive deficits were associated reduced expression of
genes encoding insulin, IGF-II, insulin receptor, IGF-I receptor,
and insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1), and reduced binding
to the insulin and IGF-II receptors. The combined effects of de-
creased expression of insulin/IGF polypeptides, insulin/IGF re-
ceptors, and IRS, and impaired receptor binding, reflect failure
of brain insulin/IGF signaling mechanisms. Importantly, many
molecular abnormalities that characteristically occur in AD
and produced by ic-STZ, including increased GSK-3β activa-
tion, increased tau phosphorylation, and decreased neuronal
survival, energy metabolism, and cholinergic homeostasis, are
mediated by downstream effects of impaired insulin and IGF
Page 4
Insulin resistance and AD
Suzanne M. de la Monte
BMB reports
signaling. Therefore, the ic-STZ model recapitulates many
characteristic features of AD, and demonstrates a cause-effect
relationship between insulin deficiency and resistance and
AD-type neurodegeneration, i.e. Type 3 diabetes (2, 7).
Contributions of type 2 diabetes
Interest in clarifying the roles of T2DM, peripheral insulin re-
sistance, and hyperinsulinemia in relation to cognitive impair-
ment and its progression to AD began 5 to 10 years ago (1, 18,
20, 41). Currently, this field is exploding with new information
about mechanisms of brain insulin resistance and deficiency,
and how they contribute to cognitive impairment and neuro-
degeneration (2, 6, 7, 40, 41). There is now solid evidence that
tau expression and phosphorylation are regulated by insulin
and IGF signaling cascades (20), and that many critical aspects
of AD can be explained on the basis of impaired insulin signal-
ing (1, 3).
That peripheral insulin resistance diseases, including obe-
sity, T2DM, and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which
is caused by lipid accumulation in liver with inflammation and
insulin resistance, contribute to cognitive impairment and neu-
rodegeneration, is supported by the findings that: 1) morbidity
and mortality from AD, T2DM, obesity, and NASH have all in-
creased rapidly over the past 2-3 decades (42); 2) individuals
with T2DM (43) or obesity/dyslipidemic disorders (44) are at
increased risk of developing mild cognitive impairment (MCI),
dementia, or AD (43); 3) AD is associated with progressive
brain insulin resistance and insulin deficiency (2, 7, 41); 4) ex-
perimental T2DM and obesity cause cognitive impairment
(45); 5) experimental induction of brain insulin resistance and
insulin deficiency cause AD-type neurodegeneration and cog-
nitive impairment (6); 6) treatment with insulin sensitizer
agents or intranasal insulin improves cognitive performance in
experimental models and human cases of AD or MCI (40, 46,
47); and 7) molecular, biochemical, and mechanistic abnor-
malities in T2DM and AD are shared (48).
To experimentally interrogate the roles of obesity and
T2DM as mediators of neurodegeneration, we utilized models
of high fat diet (HFD) feeding which doubled mean body
weight and caused T2DM, NASH, and mild brain atrophy in
C57BL/6 mice (49). Molecular and biochemical analyses re-
vealed the obesity/T2DM induced neurodegeneration was as-
sociated with brain insulin resistance, gliosis, neuronal cy-
toskeletal abnormalities, and oxidative stress, although the
overall magnitude of these effects was modest compared with
AD (2, 7) or ic-STZ treatment (6, 40). These results support the
hypothesis that obesity with T2DM serve as co-factors in neu-
rodegeneration, but are not sufficient to cause AD.
Additional studies and a literature review focused on identi-
fying critical factors linking cognitive impairment or brain in-
sulin resistance to obesity and/or T2DM revealed that, irre-
spective of etiology, steatohepatitis can be associated with
cognitive impairment and neuropsychiatric dysfunction in hu-
mans (50, 51) and experimental animal models (6, 40, 49, 52).
In fact, the critical variable seemed to be hepatic steatosis or
steatohepatitis with hepatic insulin resistance. This suggests
that dysregulated lipid metabolism in liver mediates cognitive
impairment and neurodegeneration. Mechanistically, insulin
normally stimulates lipogenesis, which increases triglyceride
storage in the liver (53). However, if the process proceeds un-
checked, hepatocytes suffer ER stress, oxidative damage, mi-
tochondrial dysfunction, and inflammatory reactions. Atten-
dant alterations in membrane lipid composition shift the liver
cells toward insulin resistance (53). Insulin resistance promotes
lipolysis, and lipolysis generates toxic lipids, i.e. ceramides,
which further impair insulin signaling, mitochondrial function,
and cell viability (54).
Ceramides are lipid signaling molecules with wide-ranging
modulatory effects, including cell proliferation, motility, plasti-
city, inflammation, apoptosis, and insulin resistance (55).
Cytotoxic ceramides cause insulin resistance by activating
pro-inflammatory cytokines and inhibiting insulin-stimulated
signaling through PI3 kinase-Akt (56). In brain, ceramides have
similar inhibitory effects on insulin signaling (57) and pro-in-
flammatory cytokine activation (55). In diet-induced obesity,
enhanced ceramide production in adipocytes leads to insulin
resistance (55). However, more recent studies indicate that ce-
ramide generation is significantly increased in livers with stea-
tosis and insulin resistance, irrespective of co-existing obesity
(40, 49, 52).
Since ceramides, sphingosines, and other toxic lipids are lip-
id soluble and therefore can readily cross the blood-brain bar-
rier, we hypothesized that ceramides generated in the context
of hepatic steatosis or steatohepatitis mediate neurodege-
neration by precipitating a cascade leading to brain insulin
resistance. Correspondingly, in vitro exposure to bioactive ce-
ramides causes neuronal insulin resistance, reduced viability,
neurotransmitter function, and mitochondrial function, and in-
creased oxidative stress, DNA damage, and lipid peroxidation
(58). Further preliminary studies showed that intraperitoneal
injection of bioactive ceramides impairs learning and causes
brain insulin resistance, similar to the effects of T2DM and
NASH. These observations support the hypothesis that ceram-
ides generated in extra-CNS tissues, particularly liver, can
cause brain insulin resistance and thereby mediate neuro-
Hypothesis (Fig. 1)
The aggregate findings in human and experimental inves-
tigations provide strong evidence in favor of dual mechanisms
of cognitive impairment and neurodegeneration mediated by
brain insulin resistance. In the absence of peripheral insulin re-
sistance, AD most likely represents a brain-specific form of dia-
betes mellitus, i.e. T3DM, and due to the combined effects of
brain insulin deficiency and insulin resistance. Although etio-
logical factors responsible for T3DM have not been proven, re-
Page 5
Insulin resistance and AD
Suzanne M. de la Monte
BMB reports
Fig. 1. Dual and overlapping pathways of insulin/IGF resistance
mediated neurodegeneration. CNS neuronal survival, metabolic ac-
tivity, and homeostasis are stimulated by insulin and IGF-1, which
promote neurotrophin expression and plasticity for maintenance of
normal brain structure, learning, and memory. Peripheral insulin
resistance diseases such as T2DM and NASH, contribute to neu-
rodegeneration through increased production of cytotoxic ceram-
ides and other toxic lipids, which cause insulin resistance, mild
cognitive impairment (MCI), and limited neurodegeneration.
Environmental exposures, including nitrosamines, plus genetic fac-
tors, cause insulin and IGF resistance, which
neurodegeneration. T2DM and other peripheral insulin resistance
diseases exacerbate the neurodegeneration cascade due to in-
creased production of toxic lipids and ceramides. Finally, oxida-
tive stress and cytokine activation contribute to neurodegeneration
and dementia, but alone are not sufficient to cause dementia.
leads to
cent studies, based on the structural relationship between STZ
and nitrosamines, which contaminate preserved foods, point
toward a role for environmental, food, and tobacco exposures
as causative agents (42). Among individuals with peripheral in-
sulin resistance due to obesity, T2DM, NASH, or metabolic
syndrome, excess generation of cytotoxic lipids, including ce-
ramides, cross the blood-brain barrier and cause brain insulin
resistance, neuro-inflammation, and oxidative stress. The mag-
nitude of disease process is considerably less than in T3DM
because the primary disease focus is outside the CNS.
Nonetheless, the "hit" is sufficient to precipitate, propagate,
and increase the severity of T3DM, thereby reconciling epi-
demiologic data demonstrating increased risk of MCI or AD
among individuals with T2DM, and the consistent human and
experimental evidence that peripheral insulin resistance dis-
eases alone are not sufficient to cause AD.
Research Supported by Grants AA-11431, AA-12908, and
AA-16126 from the National Institutes of Health.
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text:
updated 12/08/2010 AT 2:05 PM ET
•originally published 12/08/2010 AT 8:05 AM ET
Two months ago, Elizabeth Edwards was laboring to climb the stairs of the old colonial house she had recently bought in Chapel Hill, N.C., for herself and her youngest two children. Separated from husband John since January, she looked forward to making a fresh start come springtime in this new home.
But even as she daydreamed on this sunny October day, Edwards, 61, gasped for breath with tears in her eyes and cursed her chemo.
"Damn these drugs," she cried. "Damn cancer."


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Randall T. FrancisJill GarciaJohnny MayJames DonohueJason Stone
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