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Solar firm expands reachStaff Report | July 17,2014SHARON SunCommon announced the expansion of its solar program into Orange and Windsor counties with a gathering Tuesday at Sharon Academy.
The company was launched in central Vermont two years ago with a mission to increase access to solar energy among everyday Vermonters and dramatically increase the number of solar installations in the state.
SunCommon is thrilled to be expanding into this new corner of the state, said Duane Peterson, SunCommons co-president, in a news release. The Upper Valley already boasts significant solar, but theres still tremendous work ahead to reach our states goal of 90 percent renewable energy.MORE IN This Just In
KILLINGTON — Rutland Mayor Christopher Louras came prepared to the Vermont League of... Full Story
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Publications (13)8.21 Total impact
- Materials Science Forum 01/2009; 600-603:1211-1214. DOI:10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.600-603.1211
Article: Avalanche Multiplication and Impact Ionisation in Separate Absorption and Multiplication 4H-SiC Avalanche PhotodiodesMaterials Science Forum 01/2009; 600-603:1207-1210. DOI:10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.600-603.1207
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ABSTRACT: We present details of the development of a GaN ballistic diode designed with THz applications in mind. Parallel theoretical and experimental analysis has shown that negative-differential-resistance (NDR) can only be achieved when hot electrons are injected into the drift region, contact and spreading resistances must be minimized in order to maximize the field in the drift layer. NDR remains achievable even in the presence of collision dominated transport or when transport is space-charge limited. (© 2007 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)physica status solidi (c) 02/2007; 4(2):528 - 530. DOI:10.1002/pssc.200673213
Article: Study of Dark Currents in 4H-SiC UV APDs with Separate Absorption and Multiplication Regions[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Avalanche photodiodes (APDs) based on 4H-SiC are excellent candidates to replace PMTs in the UV, particularly for harsh environment applications. Here, we report on dark current analysis of 4H-SiC APDs with separate absorption and multiplication regions. Detailed analysis of the leakage current as a function of device size showed that for a given device design, the bulk leakage component is dominant at U>600V, while surface leakage is dominant at UMaterials Science Forum 01/2007; 556-557:953-956. DOI:10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.556-557.953
Article: Design Considerations of a New 4H-SiC Enhancement-Mode Lateral Channel Vertical JFET for Low-Loss Switching OperationMaterials Science Forum 01/2006; 527-529:1199-1202. DOI:10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.527-529.1199
Article: Influence of Small Doses of Gamma Irradiation on Transport and Noise Properties of SiC MESFETs[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Steady-state characteristics and low-frequency noise spectra of SiC-based metal-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MESFETs) before and after small doses (1×106 rad) of gamma radiation treatment are studied. The structural ordering of non-controllable impurities with radiation leads to an increase in threshold voltage, decrease of the channel's resistance and reduces the number of G-R components observed in the total noise spectra of the devices.08/2005; 780. DOI:10.1063/1.2036850
Conference Paper: A New Approach to Maximizing the Power Handling Capability in Recessed-Gate Silicon Carbide Static Induction Transistors[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: For a recessed gate SiC SIT, a new approach to solve a breakdown voltage specific on-resistance trade-off problem and consequently achieve an extremely high power capability was presented. Simulations were fully performed to analyze the influence of critical design parameters on the device power performance. They showed that the basic trade-off was successfully eliminated if the depth of a JFET diffusion layer was greater than 1.35 times the gate trench depth, due to the effective suppression of the JFET resistance. Consequently, the proposed device architecture showed much higher power capability than the conventional structure, suggesting that device power performance be maximized by implementing a JFET diffusion layer in a conventional SiC SIT, with a narrow half-width of a source regionPower Electronics Specialists Conference, 2005. PESC '05. IEEE 36th; 07/2005
Article: Hot-electron transport in 4H–SiC[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Nanosecond-pulsed technique is used to study hot-electron transport in donor-doped 4H-SiC (n=2x10(17) cm(-3)) biased parallel to the basal plane. The measurements of current with 1 ns voltage pulses are carried out at average electric fields up to 570 kV/cm. A region with a negative differential conductance is observed for the range of fields exceeding 280 kV/cm, followed by a sharp increase in the current at fields over 345 kV/cm. The dependence of drift velocity on electric field is deduced for the field range below the onset of the negative differential conductance to appear: the value of the saturation velocity is estimated as 1.4x10(7) cm/s at room temperature. (C) 2005 American Institute of Physics.Applied Physics Letters 01/2005; 86(2):022107. DOI:10.1063/1.1851001 · 3.30 Impact Factor
- Materials Science Forum 01/2005; 483-485:861-864. DOI:10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.483-485.861
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ABSTRACT: Experimental results on electron transport and microwave noise are used to investigate, in the electron temperature approximation, dissipation of hot-electron energy in a biased donor-doped 4H-SiC channel (n=2⋅1017 cm−3). The electron energy relaxation time is estimated to be 2.8±1 ps in the electric-field range below 25 kV∕cm at room temperature. Longitudinal-optical phonons are found responsible for electron energy dissipation when the supplied power ranges from 0.5 to 25 nW per electron. In this range, accumulation of nonequilibrium (hot) longitudinal-optical phonons takes place. Equivalent hot-phonon temperature reaches 3000 K near 30 kV∕cm, hot-phonon lifetime is comparable to the electron energy relaxation time. Dependence of the lifetime on electric field is weak in the investigated range of electric fields below 50 kV∕cm.Journal of Applied Physics 12/2004; 96(11). DOI:10.1063/1.1812598 · 2.18 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: A cascode model is proposed to analyse current-voltage and cutoff frequency characteristics of the buried-gate device. A high saturation current of the buried-gate device is associated with the short channel FET representing the buried region. Two unsaturated side FETs result in a relatively lower cutoff frequency of the buried-gate device compared to the gate-recessed one.Electronics Letters 03/2004; 40(4-40):271 - 273. DOI:10.1049/el:20040169 · 0.93 Impact Factor
Article: Influence of 4H-SiC semi-insulating substrate purity on SiC metal-semiconductor field-effect transistor performance[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: The performances of silicon carbide (SiC) metal-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MESFETs) fabricated on conventional V-doped semi-insulating substrates and new V-free semi-insulating substrates have been compared. The V-free 4H-SiC substrates were confirmed by secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS). X-ray topography revealed significantly fewer micropipes and low-angle boundaries in V-free semi-insulating substrates than in conventional V-compensated substrates. Deep-level transient spectroscopy (DLTS) indicated that the spectra signals observed in conventional V-doped substrates were either reduced or disappeared in V-free substrates. The intrinsic deep levels in V-free substrates to make semi-insulating properties were also observed in DLTS spectra. Under various DC and RF stresses, SiC MESFETs fabricated on new V-free semi-insulating substrates showed superior device performance and stability.Journal of Electronic Materials 05/2003; 32(5):437-443. DOI:10.1007/s11664-003-0174-3 · 1.80 Impact Factor
- Materials Science Forum 01/2003; 433-436:749-752. DOI:10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.433-436.749
Top Journals
General ElectricFairfield, California, United States
Cornell University
Ithaca, NY, United States
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering

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Gorgeous Miranda Kerr Departs From LAX All By Herself
Posted on Tue Oct 6th, 2015 6:31am PDT By X17 Staff Where was her billionaire beau Evan Spiegel? It seems like the two have been joined at the hip lately, so seeing her on her own is pretty weird! On Monday evening Miranda Kerr jetted out of Los Angeles International Airport, and she was all smiles as X17 photographers snapped her photo. We're sure the Victoria's secret bombshell will be reunited with her Snapchat founder boy toy soon enough — the duo can't get enough of one another! From dates at the farmers market to concerts, they're inseparable. And after taking in Kanye West's show in LA last week, Miranda even Instagrammed a few words that were clearly about her new man. "I've learned that people will forget what you said, people will forget what you did, but people will never forget how you made them feel," the Maya quote read. Stories from around the …October 6, 2015 10:51 pm
Acting out of weakness? Why Obama's dangerously wrong about Putin's intentions in Syria
In last Friday's press conference, President Obama called Vladimir Putin's incursion in Syria "an act of weakness." It's his pat answer when Putin misbehaves. The White House likes to portray the Kremlin as a place filled with petulant children who don't understand what's in their own best interest and will one day rue their misguided behavior. A mixture of condescension and patience may be an appropriate tactic in child rearing. But in a dangerous world, it's a lackadaisical prescription for disaster. Mr. Obama sees Putin's military adventure as a quagmire-in-waiting for the Kremlin. In the end, he believes, Moscow will lose more than it gains and find itself isolated and censured by the international community. This, he concludes, will leave Putin weaker than when he started. But there's a problem with the president's line of thinking. Actually, there are several. Sometimes it might make sense to give some actors space to "learn their lesson." But …October 6, 2015 8:30 pm
Police rescue Kentucky store owner from large python
The owner of a Kentucky reptile store had to be rescued by police after a 20-foot-long (6-meter) python weighing up to 125 pounds (57 kg) wrapped around him, authorities said. Terry Wilkins was tangled up with the snake when two police officers arrived at the Captive Born Reptiles store in Newport, Kentucky, a suburb of Cincinnati, Ohio, at around noon on Monday. "When officers arrived on the scene, they located the victim who was total(ly) unconscious with a large snake wrapped around his head and neck," according to a Newport police report. The officers grabbed the snake by the head and unwrapped it from Wilkins, who was not breathing, the report said. He began to breathe as rescue squad workers arrived, it said. Wilkins was treated at a Cincinnati hospital with nearly two dozen stitches to his arm where the snake bit him and went home later on Monday, according to a colleague, who declined …October 6, 2015 5:29 pm


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Macroglobulinemia of Waldenstrom is a cancer of the B lymphocytes (a type of white blood cell). It is associated with the overproduction of proteins called IgM antibodies .
Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia; Macroglobulinemia - primary; Lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma
Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia is a result of a condition called lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma. What causes too much production of the IgM antibody is unknown. Overproduction of IgM causes the blood to become too thick. This is called hyperviscosity. It can make it harder for blood to flow through small blood vessels.
Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia is very rare. Most people with this condition are over age 65, but it may occur in younger people.
Symptoms may include any of the following:
A physical examination may reveal a swollen spleen , liver, and lymph nodes. An eye exam may show enlarged veins in the retina or retinal bleeding (hemorrhages).
A CBC shows a low number of red blood cells and platelets. A blood chemistry shows evidence of kidney disease. A serum viscosity test can tell if the blood has become thick. Symptoms usually occur when the blood is four times thicker than normal.
A test called serum protein electrophoresis shows an increased level of the IgM antibody. Levels are often higher than 3 grams per deciliter (g/dL).
Bone lesions are very rare. If they are present, a bone marrow examination will show cells that resemble both lymphocytes and plasma cells.
Additional tests that may be done:
Plasmapheresis removes unwanted substances from the blood. In macroglobulinemia, it removes or reduces the high level of IgM, and is used to quickly control the symptoms caused by blood thickening.
Drug therapy may include corticosteroids or combinations of chemotherapy drugs.
Patients who have a low number of red or white blood cells or platelets may need transfusions or antibiotics.
The average survival is about 6.5 years. Some people live more than 10 years.
In some persons, the disorder may produce few symptoms and progress slowly.
Call your health care provider if symptoms of this disorder develop.
National Cancer Institute: PDQ Adult Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Treatment. Bethesda, MD. National Cancer Institute. Date last modified 4/11/2014. Available at http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/pdq/treatment/adult-non-hodgkins/HealthProfessional. Accessed June 9, 2014.
Rajkumar SV. Plasma cell disorders. In: Goldman L, Schaer AI, eds. Goldman's Cecil Medicine. 23rd ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2012:chap 193.
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By: pennyman
Rob Welkner from COIN-OP TV interviews Jason Gholston, Producer for the upcoming hit game 'Where The Wild Things Are'. An exclusive look at what fans can expect from this beautiful game that ties into the movie with its own original storyline!
Views: 375 | Posted: 12/31/2010
If he fails, then we can eat him!
Views: 10,207 | Posted: 10/13/2009
Smash more bugs and explore the unique landscape.
Views: 4,869 | Posted: 10/13/2009
Let your imagination roar.
Views: 10,832 | Posted: 10/09/2009
The supporting cast get a nod in the second character vignette!
Views: 11,659 | Posted: 10/05/2009
Discover the bizarre universe of Max's imagination.
Views: 22,380 | Posted: 09/21/2009
Have fun with Max and the Wild Things with thomping action.
Views: 8,062 | Posted: 08/19/2009
Let your imagination run wild!
Views: 11,134 | Posted: 08/17/2009
By: TrueGameHeadz
"Where the Wild Things Are" was one of the biggest surprises at this year's E3, and not just because it looked amazing, it was shocking because it was there. It slipped under the radar, and was situated at Warner Bros. Interactive's booth between "The Watchmen" and "Scooby Doo." At first glance it may look like just another kid's movie game, and it could be, if it wasn't based on "Where the Wild Things Are." You play a completely new, and original story as Max on the Wild Thing's island assisting them in finding a new place to live. Check out Unit's interview to find out a bit more about the game. Check out http://www.truegameheadz.com for more videos
Views: 661 | Posted: 10/07/2008
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A non-linear episodic game with 6 acts.
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PS4, Xbox One, PC, Xbox 360, PS3, 3DS
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The monsters of R.L. Stine's popular book series are back to haunt in game form.
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text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|11 Jul 1989
|Filing date
|11 Mar 1987
|Priority date
|11 Mar 1987
|Fee status
|Publication number
|James G. Phillips, Jr., Sven E. Oberg, Cynthia D. Wilder
|Original Assignee
|Burlington Industries, Inc.
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (15), Non-Patent Citations (2), Referenced by (54), Classifications (10), Legal Events (14)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
The present invention relates to cold weather footwear and particularly relates to footwear which has improved thermal insulation, moisture vapor transmission, wind resistance and water repellency characteristics.
In extremely cold conditions, the most important requirements for footwear in order to provide protection and/or comfort to the wearer are the reduction of heat loss from the foot and lower extremities and the controlled transmission of moisture produced through perspiration or enters from the outside environment. One system which meets these requirements is the Eskimo mukluk. This mukluk has an upper shell and a lower sole. The upper shell of the mukluk may be formed of soft leather, canvas or fabric, all of which are non-waterproof and necessarily breathable to permit moisture from perspiration to escape. The shell also provides sufficient insulation thickness. The mukluk soles, on the other hand, are waterproof and may be formed of animal hides. Thus, this combination keeps the foot dry as well as warm. A fur ruff is usually attached around the top of the mukluk to prevent snow from entering the footwear.
An accepted and successful improvement over the Eskimo mukluk was developed by adapting modern materials for those materials used by the Eskimos. Those changes included using: (1) soles from large overshoes or Army surplus winter footgear instead of tough animal hides for the mukluk bottoms; (2) nylon, polyester, or other breathable (but not waterproof) cloth instead of soft leather or canvas for the upper shells; and (3) a separate non-preformed "sock" for thermal insulation folded from a circular, square, or rectangular piece of 3/4 to 11/4-inch, low-density polyurethane foam. However, that system has certain disadvantages. Specifically, that system, because of its express requirement for a "breathable," non-waterproof, outer shell resulted in both poor wind resistance and water repellency. Also, folding the foam sheet around the foot and then fitting the covered foot into the shell are difficult tasks to accomplish. In addition, the foam sheet tends to abrade and compact with use and must be unfolded and rotated regularly in order to retain its effectiveness. Furthermore, the mukluk of that system provides very little support to the wearer for stability and maneuverability. Finally, moisture from the wearer's foot may accumulate and freeze in the materials between the bottom of his foot and the inside of the sole, thereby reducing the effectiveness of the underfoot insulation. All of this is inconsistent with the idea of providing modern integrated cold weather footwear.
According to the present invention, there is provided multi-component footwear which integrates a preformed foam sock assembly, an insole assembly, and an outer boot comprised of a shell and sole into a modern cold weather footwear system and methods of forming and using components thereof. This multi-component integrated footwear system, through the use of modern materials and their unique construction and arrangement, provides cold weather footwear which, when the multiple components are used in combination, affords adequate thermal insulation and moisture vapor transport while providing excellent wind and water repellency characteristics. Additionally, the stability and maneuverability of the wearer of this footwear is enhanced in comparison with the prior Eskimo mukluk and the follow-on mukluk described above. The buildup of ice between the bottom of the wearer's feet and the sole which occurs with some frequency in cold weather footwear and which is a result of the accumulation of perspiration moisture from the wearer's feet or enters from the outside environment is readily controlled in the present system. This is accomplished by providing a removable insole which can be easily cleared of ice and reinserted into the footwear. Additional features include maximizing the abrasion resistance of those portions of the present footwear which provide for thermal insulation, avoiding temporary or permanent deformation of such portions, and facilitating the tasks of putting the footwear on the wearer's feet and taking the footwear off.
In a preferred form of sock assemby for this multi-component footwear system hereof, the sock assembly may be preformed to comprise essentially three layers, an inner lining, an intermediate layer, preferably formed of open cell polyurethane foam and an outer lining, preferably formed of a similar material as the inner lining. The inner lining may be a loosely-knit nylon or polyester tricot mesh fabric formed in the shape of a sock. Preferably, the inner lining has a moisture vapor transmission rate value of at least 1,000 gm/m2 /24 hours. The inner lining protects the intermediate foam insulation layer from abrasion, without inhibiting the transport of moisture vapor from the wearer's foot. Anchor tabs are preferably provided at the heel and toe extremities of the inner lining to secure the inner lining to the intermediate layer of the preformed sock.
The intermediate layer of the preformed sock is preferably an open cell polyurethane foam. Instead of a smooth surface on its opposite sides, the intermediate foam layer may be convoluted to increase flexibility, reduce material and weight. Various methods of forming the preformed sock may be adopted. For example, the sock may be formed of a one-piece material along a longitudinal plane and folded to form a sock shape. Preferably, the front and rear seams are bonded with adhesive rather than being stitched to avoid leakage of heat through the seams of the sock. Alternatively, the sock may be formed of discrete side portions and a bottom portion bonded one to the other along front and rear seams and bottom seams.
The outer liner for the preformed sock is preferably formed of a similar material as the inner liner and is formed in the shape of a sock. The outer liner may thus be slipped over the intermediate and inner liner sub-assembly and sewn to the inner liner adjacent the top of the sock. The outer lining similarly protects the intermediate foam layer of the sole against abrasion, while simultaneously permitting the transfer of moisture vapor from the wearer's foot.
A preferred form of the insole assembly includes an upper layer comprised of a moisture-trapping material and a lower layer comprised of two sub-layers, a first sub-layer formed of a closed cell plastic material, such as polyurethane foam, and a rigid non-porous material, such as plastic. The bottom or first sub-layer of the insole may be at least 3/8 inch, preferably one inch, thick, affording substantial thermal insulation between the overlying foam sock assemby and the underlying sole. On top of this first sub-layer is a rigid non-porous plastic sheet which serves to reduce the point loading on the closed cell foam sub-layer which may permanently deform, thereby reducing its effectiveness and, additionally, serves as a partial barrier to transmission of moisture vapor. The insole assembly provides a place for much of the moisture to collect where it can then be easily eliminated from the footwear. The upper layer of the insole is preferably comprised of a woven material for retaining or accumulating moisture and is separable from the lower layer. Alternatively, a molded or otherwise formed open-matrix, hydrophobic structure can be used. The open structure provides a place for the moisture to collect for easy removal. Should moisture from the individual's foot freeze in this woven insert, the insert can be removed from the footwear and any ice formations formed on or in the insert may be broken away by knocking the insert against a hard object.
The outer boot is preferably formed of a sole and an outer shell extending upwardly from and integrally connected with the sole. The outer shell is preferably formed of a nylon fabric backcoated preferably with a polyurethane coating having sufficient thickness to provide an air permeability value of less than two ft3 /ft2 /minute at a pressure of 0.5 inches of water. Water repellent may also be added to the nylon fabric. The backcoating thus permits transmission of moisture vapor and affords good wind resistance and water repellency. Various strapping and foxing may be applied to the boot to provide stability to the ankle area of the wearer of the boot.
Accordingly, it is a primary object of the present invention to provide a novel and improved cold weather footwear system affording good thermal insulation and moisture vapor transmission transport, while simultaneously providing sufficient wind resistance and water repellency characteristics.
It is another object of the present invention to provide an improved cold weather footwear system which minimizes or eliminates the problems of abrasion and deformation of the "sock" of the prior system discussed above by use of a preformed sock having inner and outer linings and a resilient intermediate foam layer, thereby allowing it to be preformed and readily slipped into the outer boot.
An additional object of the present invention is to provide a novel and improved cold weather footwear system wherein the buildup of ice between the bottom of the wearer's foot and the inside of the sole is controlled, the stability and maneuverability of the wearer of the boot is enhanced, the insulation under the foot where the foam sock may compress is maintained and the point loading on the separate and removable foam insole is minimized.
These and further objects and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent upon reference to the following specification, appended claims and drawings.
A further object of the present invention is to provide novel and improved methods of forming and using components of the cold weather footwear system hereof.
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of cold weather footwear constructed in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a vertical cross-sectional view thereof with various portions of the footwear having enlarged exaggerated thicknesses for clarity of illustration;
FIG. 3 is a plan view of the intermediate layer of the foam sock prior to forming the layer into the sock;
FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a preformed sock forming a part of the footwear hereof;
FIG. 5 is a top plan view of an insole for use with the footwear hereof;
FIG. 6 is a fragmentary enlarged cross-sectional view of the insole;
FIGS. 7a and 7b are enlarged fragmentary cross-sectional views of the footwear taken generally about on lines 7a--7a and 7b--7b, respectively, in FIG. 2; and
FIGS. 8a-8c are perspective views of another embodiment of the present invention illustrating the manner of forming the intermediate layer of the sock.
Reference will now be made in detail to the present preferred embodiment of the invention, an example of which is illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
Referring now to FIG. 1, there is illustrated cold weather footwear, generally designated 10, constructed in accordance with the present invention. Footwear 10 comprises a multi-component system, the three basic elements of which are a preformed sock, generally indicated 12 in FIG. 4, an insole generally indicated 14 and illustrated in FIGS. 5 and 6, and an outer boot, generally indicated 16 in FIG. 1, comprised of an integral outer shell and a sole. It will be appreciated that the improved cold weather footwear 10 of the present invention is adapted to encompass the foot, ankle and lower extremities of an individual's leg indicated 20 in FIG. 1.
Referring first to the preformed sock assembly illustrated at 12 in FIGS. 3 and 4, the sock assembly essentially consists of three parts; an inner liner 22, an intermediate insulation layer 24 and an outer liner 26. The inner layer is preferably a loosely-knit nylon or polyester tricot mesh fabric which is formed in the shape of a sock. The material forming the inner liner 22 is such that it preferably has a moisture vapor transmission rate value of at least 1000 gms/m2 /25 hours. An example of a material suitable for use as inner liner 22 is sold by Burlington Industries, Inc. under the designation "Style No. 18085." Anchor tabs 28 and 30 project from the toe and heel portions of the inner liner 22, respectively. The anchor tabs are used to anchor the extremities of the inner lining within the preformed sock, as described hereinafter.
The intermediate insulating layer 24 between the inner and outer linings, 22 and 26, respectively, of the sock assembly 12 preferably comprises a relatively thick layer of an open cell polyurethane foam. Preferably, the layer should have a thickness at least 1-inch and preferably about 13/4 inches. The inner and outer surfaces of the foam intermediate layer 24 may be smooth, however, the foam may be convoluted. When convoluted, the intermediate layer is afforded increased flexibility, and has reduced material and weight. Preferably, the foam insulation layer 24 should have an Indentation Load Deflection (ILD) value in the range of 12 to 40 pounds to provide adequate support and comfort for the wearer in use.
A preferred method of forming the intermediate insulating layer 24 is illustrated in FIG. 3 in conjunction with FIG. 4. In FIG. 3, the intermediate polyurethane foam layer 24 is first cut from a flat sheet of foam having the required thickness to an outline along opposite sides of a center axis A--A of the foot and ankle when viewed in side elevation. As indicated, the base or sole portion 32 is left uncut. It will be appreciated that the opposite side portions 34 and 36 of the flat sheet may be folded upwardly with the front and rear edges abutting to form front and rear seams 38 and 40, respectively, as illustrated in FIG. 4. That is, the front and rear edges of the mirror image outlines of the side portions 34 and 36, and which edges as will be recalled are preferably about 13/4 inch thick, may be butted one against the other. Thus, in forming the intermediate layer 24 of the preformed sock 12, the edges of the opposite side portions 34 and 36 are butted one against the other with adhesive therebetween such that the seams are bonded one to the other. As the edges of the side portions 34 and 36 are butted and bonded, anchor tabs 28 and 30 are disposed or pulled through the seam openings at the toe and heel portions, respectively, whereby the interior liner 22 may be secured within the foam sock layer.
The outer liner 26 of the preformed sock 12 may be formed of a similar material as the inner layer 22, i.e., a loosely-knit nylon or polyester tricot mesh fabric. The outer liner is similarly formed in a sock shape sufficiently large to slip over the intermediate foam layer 24 and interior liner 22 subassembly. To retain the intermediate insulating layer 24 between the inner and outer liners 22 and 26, respectively, the upper margins of the inner and outer liners adjacent the top of the interior liner 22 are sewn one to the other.
It will be appreciated that with the foregoing construction, the inner liner 22 provides abrasion protection for the foam insulation without inhibiting the transport of moisture vapor from the wearer's foot. Similarly, the outer liner 26 provides abrasion protection for the intermediate insulting layer of foam without inhibiting the transport of moisture vapor through the sock 12. Thus, the preformed sock 12 provides excellent thermal insulating characteristics while providing for moisture vapor transmission.
Referring to FIGS. 8a through 8c, there is illustrated an alternate form of construction for the intermediate layer 24a of the preformed sock 12. In this embodiment, the sock is constructed of three separate pieces of foam which are subsequently glued or bonded one to the other into a sock shape. Particularly, in this form, discrete side portions 42 and 44 are formed in the general outline of the opposite sides of the wearer's foot and ankle. A flat sole section 45 is formed in the general outline of the bottom of the wearer's foot. It will be appreciated that the juncture of side portions 42 and 44 forms front and rear seams and the juncture of the bottom section with the lower edges of the side portions forms a bottom seam. This sock may be formed by adhesively bonding the sections one to the other along the front, rear and bottom seams.
Referring now to FIGS. 5 and 6, there is illustrated an insole 14 which is disposed between the preformed sock and the bottom of the sole of the outer boot 16. The insole 14 is essentially formed of two pieces. The lower piece or layer (thermal insole) is comprised of a first sub-layer 44, which is preferably formed of a closed cell polyurethane, polyethylene, polypropylene or other foam material to provide thermal insulation between the foam sock assembly and the sole of the outer boot 16. The sub-layer 44 has a thickness at least 3/8-inch and preferably about 1-inch. Bonded to the top surface of sub-layer 44 is a layer of sheet of rigid non-porous plastic material 46. The sheet material 46 overlays the sub-layer 44 to reduce point loading on the sub-layer 44. Additionally, the sheet layer 46 serves as a partial barrier to transmission of moiture vapor.
The second piece of insole 14 comprises an upper layer 48 (insole moisture trap). Upper layer 48 is generally comprised of a woven fabric insert which, for example, may be formed of a material sold by the Chicopee Company of Gainesville, Ga. under the tradename "SARAN." The woven insert 48 is provided to trap the moisture and thereby prevent it from being transmitted further into the footwear construction. The layer 48 is separable from layers 44 and 46. Thus, in the event of extreme cold and freeze-up of the moisture contained in the layer 48, the woven insert, or the entire insole 14, if desired, can be removed from the footwear. The insert may then be knocked or impacted against a hard object to knock the ice from it. After removal of the ice, the insert 48 can then be returned for disposition on top of layer 46 of insole 14 for reuse. If the entire insole 14 has been removed, it will be appreciated that the insert 48 may be cleared of ice as described and the insole assembly 14 readily and easily reinserted into the footwear. It will additionally be appreciated that the layers 44, 46, 48 are formed in the general outline of the lower surface of the individual's foot, as illustrated in FIG. 5, but with some peripheral enlargement to accommodate the larger outline of the inside of the molded sole 52, i.e., the outline of the individual's foot plus a 1 to 13/4 inch margin about its periphery.
Referring now to FIGS. 1 and 2, the outer boot 16 comprises an upper outer shell 50 and a lower sole 52. Preferably, the outer shell is formed of a nylon fabric and the lower sole 52 is formed of a one-piece molded polyurethane material. While other materials may be used, the shell 50 is preferably formed from commercially-available 420 denier, continuous filament, nylon warp yarn and 500 denier air textured nylon filling yarn woven in a plain weaving having sixty (60) ends and forty (40) picks per inch. Preferably, the nylon shell 50 is backcoated at 52 in FIG. 2 with a polyurethane. The coating is sufficiently thin such that moisture vapor may be transmitted from the interior to the exterior of the footwear. Thus, the moisture vapor passes through macroscopic holes formed in the coating during the backcoating process by the raised areas of the shell fabric. That is, the raised areas of the shell fabric create the macroscopic holes in the coating, enabling transmission of moisture vapor through such holes, as well as the microscopic pores inherent in the polyurethane material. The preferred nylon shell fabric with backcoating provides an air permeability value of less than 2 ft3 /ft2 /minute at a pressure of 0.5 inches of water. The fabric is also treated with a commercially-available water repellent whereby the outer shell 50 affords high wind resistance and water repellency.
Strapping and foxing are also provided on the boot 16. The foxing includes a pair of flat, semi-rigid plastic bars 54 which are anchored at their lower ends in the sole 52. The bars 54 extend upwardly along opposite sides of shell 50 above the ankle and provide vertical stability about the ankle area of the wearer. Front and back straps 58 and 60 are also provided about the shell 50. Each strap may be adjustable, for example by use of a buckle. The back or heel strap 60 provides control of the up and down movement of the heel. The three front straps are adjustable and provide foot and ankle support as they are tightened.
The outer shell 50 is preferably integrally formed with sole 52 during the molding process of the latter. The sole 52 has a cross-hatched angled pattern along its lower surface to provide good traction on ice and snow. Front and rear attachments 64 and 66, respectively, may also be provided for attachment to ski equipment.
It will be appreciated that the present invention provides improved cold weather footwear having good thermal insulation and moisture vapor transmission characteristics, while at the same time high wind resistance and water repellency are also provided. Additionally, the footwear system hereof accommodates the moisture vapor generated by perspiration from the individual's foot by permitting it to be transmitted to the environment through the multiple layers of the footwear, while simultaneously enabling the moisture accumulated within the boot to be confined to a specific area. That trapped moisture may be readily and easily removed, in the form of frost, ice or water droplets, for example by removing the upper layer of the insole or the entire insole assembly. By forming the upper layer of the insole of a woven fabric to trap the moisture, the frozen moisture may be readily removed simply by impacting the layer against a hard object. The combination of these subassemblies additionally affords cold weather footwear which is comfortable in extreme cold weather conditions, provides reduced heat loss from the foot, affords controlled moisture vapor transmission, and enhances the wearer's control and maneuverability.
While the invention has been described in connection with what is presently considered to be the most practical and preferred embodiment, it is to be understood that the invention is not to be limited to the disclosed embodiment, but on the contrary, is intended to cover various modifications and equivalent arrangements included within the spirit and scope of the appended claims.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|5 May 1967
|17 Jun 1969
|Spenco Corp
|Protective inner sole
|24 Apr 1970
|9 Nov 1971
|Shnuriwsky Michael
|Sleeved boot
|29 Mar 1971
|19 Sep 1972
|Perno Nicholas Di
|Article of footwear
|20 Oct 1970
|3 Oct 1972
|Rieker & Co Dr Justus
|Inner shoe for footwear
|7 Nov 1977
|16 Oct 1979
|Roy Norman A
|Method of manufacturing footwear
|7 Dec 1979
|8 Jun 1982
|Andre Stockli
|Method of making boots for aquatic activities
|28 Feb 1983
|24 Jul 1984
|Bailly Richard Louis
|Molded odor-absorbing laminate
|29 Aug 1984
|18 Mar 1986
|Jean Paris
|Foot retention device for ski boot
|10 Dec 1985
|19 May 1987
|Limbach Robert C
|Ski boot and boot canting method
|21 Apr 1986
|1 Sep 1987
|Jon Larson
|Layered inner sole
|27 May 1986
|1 Dec 1987
|Firma Carl Freudenberg
|30 Jun 1986
|8 Mar 1988
|Kinney Shoe Corporation
|Shoe insole
|14 Dec 1988
|7 Aug 1990
|Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha
|Utility vehicle having cargo bearing surfaces including a folded seat back
|20 Aug 1985
|4 Mar 1987
|Heckel, S.A.
|Walking shoe
|Title not available
|"Fieldbook" of Boy Scouts of America, pp. 46, 47, 78-89, 336, 337, Third Edition, 1984.
|Fieldbook of Boy Scouts of America, pp. 46, 47, 78 89, 336, 337, Third Edition, 1984.
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|26 Sep 1990
|31 Mar 1992
|Fisher Camuto Corporation
|Soft shoe with non-snag lining
|12 Feb 1991
|6 Oct 1992
|A. Lambert International Inc.
|Air pumping assembly for an ice skate pressurized boot
|10 Dec 1993
|31 Jan 1995
|Ferry; James E.
|Boots for outdoor use by sports persons
|31 Jan 1992
|14 Feb 1995
|Ogden, Inc.
|Footwear insole
|4 Jun 1993
|4 Apr 1995
|Williams; Cole
|Waterproof, breathable articles of apparel
|10 Dec 1993
|19 Sep 1995
|Wyoming Woolens
|Sock and method of making same
|9 Oct 1992
|16 Jan 1996
|Williams; Cole
|Waterproof, breathable articles of apparel for a wearer's extremities
|25 Oct 1995
|6 Aug 1996
|Shouse Financial Corporation
|Footwear drying insert
|21 Mar 1994
|21 Jan 1997
|James L. Throneburg
|Footwear system
|30 Mar 1995
|12 Aug 1997
|Williams; Cole
|Article of waterproof, breathable apparel and the method of making same
|18 Dec 1995
|3 Feb 1998
|Ogden, Inc.
|Slip-resistant, moisture absorbent sheet material
|7 Oct 1996
|10 Mar 1998
|James L. Throneburg
|Footwear system
|28 May 1996
|17 Mar 1998
|Ogden, Inc.
|Footwear insole with a moisture absorbent inner layer
|3 Nov 1995
|31 Mar 1998
|Williams; Cole
|Waterproof glove and method of making same
|30 Dec 1997
|9 Feb 1999
|Deckers Outdoor Corporation
|Fleece sock
|4 Feb 1997
|21 Sep 1999
|Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company
|Apparel containing corrugated microfiber-containing thermal insulation
|20 Oct 1997
|12 Oct 1999
|Columbia Insurance Company
|Waterproof footwear
|1 Jun 2001
|29 Oct 2002
|Timothy Louie
|Martial arts shoe
|26 Dec 2001
|29 Mar 2005
|World Properties, Inc.
|Polyurethane foams and method of manufacture thereof
|5 Nov 2003
|30 May 2006
|Wigutow Jerald N
|Insulated lightweight pack boot
|13 Aug 1997
|24 Oct 2006
|Solid Water Holdings
|Waterproof/breathable technical apparel
|13 Feb 2004
|12 Dec 2006
|Solidawater Holdings
|Waterproof/breathable technical apparel
|7 Dec 2004
|22 May 2007
|Eric Czaplewski
|Protective booties and leggings
|30 Jan 2006
|1 Jan 2008
|Solid Water Holdings
|Waterproof/breathable, moisture transfer, soft shell Alpine boots, and snowboard boots, insert liners and footbeds
|7 Jun 2006
|29 Jan 2008
|Solid Water Holdings
|Waterproof/breathable technical apparel
|14 Sep 2010
|Nike, Inc.
|Article of footwear having an upper with a structured intermediate layer
|20 Dec 2007
|15 Nov 2011
|Converse Inc.
|Combination sock and shoe
|6 Jul 2007
|3 Apr 2012
|Abraham Garcia Ruiz
|Shoe insole
|30 Jul 2010
|10 Jul 2012
|Nike, Inc.
|Article of footwear having an upper with a structured intermediate layer
|22 Feb 2008
|13 Nov 2012
|Alliance Mercantile Inc.
|Multilayer protective boot
|6 Jul 2012
|13 Aug 2013
|Nike, Inc.
|Article of footwear having an upper with a structured intermediate layer
|30 Sep 2011
|15 Oct 2013
|Converse Inc.
|Combination sock and shoe
|1 Feb 2012
|29 Oct 2013
|Solid Water Holdings
|Waterproof/breathable moisture transfer liner for snowboard boots, alpine boots, hiking boots and the like
|6 Feb 2014
|16 Jun 2015
|Breathable insulation for corrosion reduction
|15 Jan 2004
|14 Oct 2004
|Softboots and waterproof /breathable moisture transfer composite and liner for in-line skates, ice-skates, hockey skates, snowboard boots, alpine boots, hiking boots and the like
|26 Feb 2004
|17 Feb 2005
|Running shoes, hiking shoes and boots, snowboard boots, alpine boots, hiking boots, and the like, having waterproof/breathable moisture transfer characteristics
|13 Feb 2004
|28 Apr 2005
|Waterproof/breathable technical apparel
|15 Nov 2004
|19 May 2005
|Waterproof/breathable moisture transfer liner for snowboards, alpine boots, hiking boots and the like
|15 Nov 2004
|9 Jun 2005
|Waterproof/breathable moisture transfer liner for snowboards, alpine boots, hiking boots and the like
|25 Jul 2003
|25 Aug 2005
|Waterproof/breathable moisture transfer liner for snowboards, alpine boots, hiking boots and the like
|3 Sep 2004
|9 Mar 2006
|Nike, Inc.
|Article of footwear having an upper with a structured intermediate layer
|7 Dec 2004
|8 Jun 2006
|Eric Czaplewski
|Protective booties and leggings
|30 Jan 2006
|10 Aug 2006
|Solid Water Holdings
|Waterproof/breathable, moisture transfer, soft shell Alpine boots, and snowboard boots, insert liners and footbeds
|4 Mar 2005
|7 Sep 2006
|Robert Bury
|Quilted cold-weather garment
|7 Jun 2006
|12 Oct 2006
|Solid Water Holdings
|Waterproof/breathable technical apparel
|13 May 2005
|16 Nov 2006
|Riecke Edgar E
|Boot fitting aid for alpine ski boots
|29 Aug 2008
|22 Jul 2010
|Gricius Rock K
|ice skate boot
|26 Jan 2012
|Converse, Inc.
|Combination sock and shoe
|13 Jun 1988
|14 Dec 1989
|Gore W L & Ass Gmbh
|Schuhwerk mit ventilationsschichtmaterial
|21 Jan 1993
|5 Aug 1993
|Ogden Inc
|Slip-resistant, sheet material
|8 Oct 1993
|28 Apr 1994
|Cole Williams
|Waterproof, breathable articles of apparel
|18 Oct 1996
|1 May 1997
|Shouse Financial Corp
|Footwear drying insert
|1 Nov 1996
|9 May 1997
|Cole Williams
|Method of making waterproof, breathable articles of apparel
|28 Aug 2007
|6 Mar 2008
|Impermeable shoe
|U.S. Classification
|36/83, 36/4, 36/43, 36/55
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|11 Mar 1987
Owner name: BURLINGTON INDUSTRIES, INC., 3330 W. FRIENDLY AVEN
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:PHILLIPS, JAMES G.;REEL/FRAME:004709/0075
Effective date: 19870303
Owner name: BURLINGTON INDUSTRIES, INC., 3330 W. FRIENDLY AVE.
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:OBERG, SVEN E.;REEL/FRAME:004713/0006
Effective date: 19870304
Owner name: BURLINGTON INDUSTRIES, INC., A CORP. OF DE,NORTH C
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:OBERG, SVEN E.;REEL/FRAME:004713/0006
Effective date: 19870304
|22 Dec 1989
Owner name: BURLINGTON INDUSTRIES, INC., A CORP. OF DE, NORTH
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:AMBROSIANI, VINCENT F.;REEL/FRAME:005199/0496
Effective date: 19870930
|16 Oct 1990
|Certificate of correction
|26 Mar 1992
Owner name: CHEMICAL BANK A NY BANKING CORPORATION
Free format text: LIEN;ASSIGNORS:BURLINGTON INDUSTRIES, INC., A DE CORPORATION;BURLINGTON FABRICS INC., A DE CORPORATION;B.I. TRANSPORTATION, INC.;REEL/FRAME:006054/0351
Effective date: 19920319
|30 Sep 1992
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|10 Nov 1993
Owner name: BURLINGTON INDUSTRIES, INC., NORTH CAROLINA
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:KATHARYN GONZALES, INC. D/B/A NORTHERN OUTFIITERS, INC.;REEL/FRAME:006757/0248
Effective date: 19931103
|9 Jan 1997
|Fee payment
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|5 Jan 2001
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 12
|16 Dec 2003
Owner name: CIT GROUP/COMMERCIAL SERVICES, INC., AS AGENT, THE
Free format text: SECURITY INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:WLR BURLINGTON FINANCE ACQUISITION LLC;REEL/FRAME:014754/0672
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|18 Jul 2006
Owner name: WLR BURLINGTON FINANCE ACQUISITION LLC, NEW YORK
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:BURLINGTON INDUSTRIES, INC.;REEL/FRAME:017946/0804
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|19 Jul 2006
Owner name: BURLINGTON INDUSTRIES LLC, NORTH CAROLINA
Free format text: CHANGE OF NAME;ASSIGNOR:WLR BURLINGTON FINANCE ACQUISITION LLC;REEL/FRAME:017957/0445
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|16 Jan 2007
Owner name: GENERAL ELECTRIC CAPITAL CORPORATION, AS AGENT, CO
Free format text: SECURITY AGREEMENT;ASSIGNORS:SAFETY COMPONENTS FABRIC TECHNOLOGIES, INC.;CONE JACQUARDS LLC;REEL/FRAME:018757/0798
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text:
Mario Draghi
Everything Is Wonderful, Or Isn't: European Officials
He said, she said, he said.
ECB Protester: You Haven't Lived Until You've Reduced A Central Banker To A Shell Of The Man He Once Was, With Glitter
Josephine Witt is still riding high from yesterday's glitter bombing.
High-Frequency Monitoring: A Short-Sighted Behavior
The more frequently you monitor your portfolio, the more likely you are to observe a loss.
This is likely to cause short-sighted decisions and could hurt your investment performance.
If you are checking your portfolio more than once per quarter, you're doing it too much.
Click to read more.
Dan Egan, Betterment Director of Behavioral Finance and Investing
Protester Who Threw Glitter In Mario Draghi's Face Acted Alone, Has A Whole Lot More Glitter Where That Came From
The Glitter Bombardier has vowed to strike again.
Christine Lagarde Raises A Haughty Eyebrow In America's Direction
Mme. Lagarde n'aime pas la séquestration.
ECB Feels Great About Doing Nothing
Flu isn't the only thing going around. An epidemic of economic optimism has seized the European Central Bank, and its president thinks that should be enough to get the continent's economy going once again.
ECB Announces Unlimited Bond Buying, Will Fill In Limits Later
Every time I talk about Europe I begin by saying "Europe is all better," because […]


text:
Pathfinder Society Scenario #6–22: Out of Anarchy (PFRPG) PDF
Pathfinder—Origins #1: Valeros (Standard Cover—Stjepan Sejic)
Pathfinder Campaign Setting: Inner Sea Races (PFRPG)
Pathfinder Society Scenario #6–98: Serpents Rise (PFRPG) PDF
Pathfinder Battles—Dungeons Deep: Eando Kline
Store Blog
A Lovely Ballet Ensues, So Full of Form and Color!
New Pathfinder Adventure Path releases!
Continue the adventure with "Dance of the Damned", the third installment of our Hell's Rebels Pathfinder Adventure Path!
Having successfully established a hideout in the city of Kintargo, the heroes of the growing rebellion are poised to take back the city. But before the Silver Ravens can strike against diabolic House Thrune, they must forge alliances with nearby tribes of aquatic elves and the free city of Vyre to cut off Cheliax's easy sea and land routes, forcing Lord-Mayor Barzillai Thrune to rely solely on his resources at hand to defend his control of Kintargo. Yet nothing is as simple as it seems, and the dangers awaiting the rebels are not always those that can be defeated with a spell or a sword. And, of course, Barzillai Thrune won't take these new developments lying down—what retribution might one of Cheliax's most dangerous inquisitors have in store for the Silver Ravens?
This volume of Pathfinder Adventure Path continues the Hell's Rebels Adventure Path and includes a Pathfinder adventure for 7th-level characters, a gazetteer of Vyre, the City of Masks, a look into the faith and worshipers of Mahathallah, a daring rescue attempt in the Pathfinder's Journal, and a menagerie of new monstrous threats to terrorize your players with.
Take a look at the rest of our Pathfinder Adventure Paths here!
Get free or discounted shipping!
Paizo will pay the first $10 in shipping and handling for any shipment of products totalling $100 or more.
Martial / Caster disparity: What are you going to do about it?,
Unsummoner rant thread,
Questioning the Value of Unlimited Uses,
>>Ask *James Jacobs* ALL your Questions Here!<<,
Come forth Members of the Silver Crusade!,
Paizo Blog: A Rare Farewell,
Does your character make the game more fun for the other people there?,
Negative levels and 'level-dependent variables',
Kitsune and Decoy Familiar Archetype,
FAQ Request: Feat and ability descriptions to be considered "rules" or "fluff"?,
Paizo Names Tonya Woldridge Organized Play Coordinator,
Q-Workshop and Paizo go to Kickstarter!,
Rebellion Comes to Pathfinder with the New Hell's Rebels Adventure Path,
Top 32 Contestants Named in Paizo's RPG Superstar,
Big Finish and Paizo Announce the Launch of New Mummy's Mask Audio Adventure Series,


text:
The 'R' is styled, almost cursive, and the back is scored into 4 small pieces. However, I've only seen the yellow version before & my search engine is giving some conflicting info. I've heard, "it is a generic", "different manufacturer", "it is fake", etc. I did not get it from a pharmacy, but I also didn't order it online. Anyone seen this before? I would appreciate your advice.
Answers (1)
27 Mar 2014
Pill imprint R 0 3 9 has been identified as Alprazolam 2 mg.
Manufacturer: Actavis
Thanks - but mine is white, undeniably white. Same deal, you think?
Ambiv, hers is white as well^^^^^^^^
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text:
Dispatch recordings from Fla. teen shooting released
Initially report two patients, then second ambulance cancelled
By Sean Lavin
SANFORD, Fla. — A Trayvon Martin family spokesperson says information within the newly released fire rescue dispatch recordings from the night George Zimmerman shot and killed Martin is just another reason why Zimmerman should be arrested.
The recordings, which were first obtained by the New York Daily News and then shared by the newspaper with Local 6, detail communication from emergency medical responders on the night of Martin's death.
In the recordings, you can hear rescue workers talking about Zimmerman, just minutes after his family says Martin repeatedly pounded his head into a sidewalk.
"Do they have a second patient?" a person says on the recording. "That's affirmative, there's a second patient."
Full Story: New Trayvon Martin dispatch recordings raise questions
Recommended Communications / Dispatch
Distracted dispatcher sends medics to wrong address; man dies waiting
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text:
October 2015:
First, I'm hauling off to Texas for the
Chinati Weekend
in Marfa. Later, I'm
chairing and presenting in the session "On the Move or On the Run: Artists'
Residencies as Exile, Nomadism, or Community?" at the
Southeast College Art
Conference in Pittsburgh, 21-25 October.
November 2015:
I'll be an artist-in-residence at the
Burren College of Art, Ballyvaughan, Ireland
Spring 2016:
Gretchen Shuette Art Gallery in Salem will include my Chaucer drawings and
SCRAP has grown from six to nine locations in my short term as a board
. SCRAP is dedicated to re-use, and diverted 152 tons of material from
the waste stream in 2013 alone.
Grad school:
Orals exam is September--then life is all about writing my dissertation.
Click here
for the Institute for Doctoral Studies in the Visual Arts


text:
Most Popular Titles With Queen Elizabeth II
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1. Today (1952– )
240 min | News, Talk-Show
A daily live broadcast provides current domestic and international news, weather reports and interviews with news-makers from the worlds of politics, business, media, entertainment and sports.
Creator: Sylvester L. Weaver Jr. | Stars: Katie Couric, Matt Lauer, Natalie Morales, Al Roker
Votes: 1,086
2. Good Neighbors (1975–1978)
28 min | Comedy
The perils of "escaping the rat race" and dropping out of society - to start a farm in Surbiton (and to drive Margo nuts).
Stars: Richard Briers, Felicity Kendal, Penelope Keith, Paul Eddington
Votes: 1,593
3. Biography (1987– )
60 min | Documentary, Biography, History
The life stories of various historical figures and celebrities are told.
Creator: Agnes Nixon | Stars: Jack Perkins, Peter Graves, Harry Smith, Roddy McDowall
Votes: 977
4. MVP: Most Valuable Primate (2000)
PG | 93 min | Comedy, Family, Sport
Jack is a three-year-old chimpanzee who has been the subject of a long-term experiment by Dr. Kendall, a researcher who been teaching Jack to communicate through sign language. Jack, ... See full summary »
Writers: Anne Vince, Robert Vince | Director: Robert Vince | Stars: Bernie, Louie, Mac, Russell Ferrier
Votes: 1,672
5. London 2012 Olympic Opening Ceremony: Isles of Wonder (2012 TV Movie)
352 min | Sport
The world's best all-round sporting event returns in 2012. This time in London, and England's capital has a lot in store.
Writers: Danny Boyle, Frank Cottrell Boyce | Director: Danny Boyle | Stars: Afia Abusham, Sarah Jane Adams, Nona Ahamat, Alister Albert
Votes: 2,083
6. Grey Owl (1999)
PG-13 | 118 min | Biography, Drama, Western
The story of the life and work of the Canadian fur trapper-turned-conservationist who claimed to be an aboriginal North American.
Writer: William Nicholson | Director: Richard Attenborough | Stars: Pierce Brosnan, Stewart Bick, Vlasta Vrana, Annie Galipeau
Votes: 2,678
7. XXX Summer Olympics Opening Ceremony (2012 TV Movie)
Opening Ceremony to the 2012 Summer Olympics in London with special guests including those of British Royalty and Loyalty and special acts including Her Majesty jumping out of a helicopter ... See full summary »
Stars: Antonia Anderson, Rowan Atkinson, Cherie Blair, Tony Blair
Votes: 460
8. Time Team (1994– )
55 min | Documentary, History
A group of archaeologists have 3 days to discover historical artifacts in different sites around Britain.
Stars: Tony Robinson, Phil Harding, John Gater, Stewart Ainsworth
Votes: 610
9. The Jackie Gleason Show (1952–1959)
TV-G | 60 min | Comedy
Stars: Jack Lescoulie, The June Taylor Dancers, Jackie Gleason, Ray Bloch
Votes: 140
10. Modern Marvels (1993– )
TV-PG | 60 min | Documentary, History
Fast-paced, fun and informative, Modern Marvels is The History Channel's signature series focusing on historical technology. The series has focused (among other things) on wonders of ... See full summary »
Creator: Bruce Nash | Stars: Lloyd Sherr, Harlan Saperstein, Franklin D. Roosevelt, John F. Kennedy
Votes: 1,209
11. The Royal Wedding (2011 TV Movie)
BBC coverage of the wedding of Prince William Windsor and Catherine Duchess of Cambridge.
Stars: Catherine Duchess of Cambridge, Prince William Windsor, Sameena Ali-Khan, Princess Beatrice
Votes: 373
12. Jackanory (1965–1996)
15 min | Family, Fantasy
A celebrity reads a story, enhancing it in ways that will entice the most restless of children.
Creators: Mary Tourtel, Alfred Bestall, Joy Whitby | Stars: Bernard Cribbins, Bernard Holley, Ray Smith, Rodney Bewes
Votes: 178
13. The Children's Party at the Palace (2006 TV Special)
80 min | Drama, Family
To celebrate her 80th birthday, the Queen is holding a children's party in the grounds of Buckingham Palace. She has invited many classic characters from British children's literature. But ... See full summary »
Writer: David Wood | Directors: Claire Popplewell, Ben Warwick | Stars: Kacey Ainsworth, Sam Aston, Matt Baker, Sanjeev Bhaskar
Votes: 182
14. The Brain (1969)
G | 100 min | Comedy, Crime
Arthur and Anatole are two little robbers. They want to rob money, money that will travel in a special train from Paris to Bruxelles. They don't know that other people have planned to do ... See full summary »
Writers: Marcel Jullian, Gérard Oury, Danièle Thompson | Director: Gérard Oury | Stars: Jean-Paul Belmondo, Bourvil, David Niven, Eli Wallach
Votes: 2,344
15. Hey, Mr. Producer! The Musical World of Cameron Mackintosh (1998 TV Special)
Unrated | 164 min | Documentary, Biography, Music
A collection of selected scenes from some of the most popular plays produced by Cameron Mackintosh.
Writers: Cameron Mackintosh, Julia McKenzie | Director: Gavin Taylor | Stars: Julie Andrews, Russ Abbot, Michael Ball, John Barrowman
Votes: 336
16. The Royal Variety Performance 2012 (2012 TV Movie)
Writers: Andrew Dawson, Steve Dawson, Tim Inman | Director: Richard Valentine | Stars: David Walliams, Ashleigh & Pudsey, Bill Bailey, Revolucion
Votes: 5
17. Newsnight (1980– )
45 min | News
Serious news reports, analysis and no-holds-barred interviews with leading politicians and public figures.
Stars: Kirsty Wark, Jeremy Paxman, Gavin Esler, Emily Maitlis
Votes: 88
18. Suffragettes Forever! The Story of Women and Power (2015 TV Mini-Series)
60 min | Documentary
Historian Amanda Vickery uncovers the 300 year-long campaign by women for political and sex equality in Britain, revealing the largely forgotten heroines (and a few heroes) who fought for the cause.
Creator: Jacqui Hayden | Stars: Amanda Vickery, Nancy Astor, William Astor, Diane Atkinson
Votes: 10
19. American Princess (2005–2007)
In a real life version of "My Fair Lady", twenty American women who are average, plain, uncouth, and rather ill-mannered, are taken to London, England to master the finer arts of British ... See full summary »
Stars: Catherine Oxenberg, Jean Broke-Smith, Paul Burrell, Cassie Shea Watson
Votes: 59
20. London 2012: Games of the XXX Olympiad (2012 TV Mini-Series)
Stars: Jennifer Kessy, April Ross, Nathan Adrian, Misty May-Treanor
Votes: 258
21. Channel 4 News (1982– )
45 min | News
Britain's most in depth and probing national news bulletin, featuring political stories, interviews with prominent public figures and arts features.
Stars: Jon Snow, Krishnan Guru-Murthy, Cathy Newman, Harry Anscombe
Votes: 61
22. Airport (1996–2008)
30 min | Documentary
A behind the scenes look at the everyday happenings from the people that work at one of the world's busiest international airports, Heathrow.
Stars: John Nettles, Liza Tarbuck, Billy Connolly, Rudolph W. Giuliani
Votes: 76
23. Reputations (1994–2002)
50 min | Documentary
Stars: Denis Lawson, Jancis Robinson, Veronika Hyks, Andrew Sachs
Votes: 7
24. Inside the Commons (2015 TV Mini-Series)
60 min | Documentary
A documentary series which shows the work done by Members of Parliament, both behind the scenes and in public proceedings in the House of Commons.
Stars: Michael Cockerell, Jacob Rees-Mogg, Ed Miliband, David Cameron
Votes: 34
25. The Queen's Longest Reign: Elizabeth & Victoria (2015)
60 min | Documentary, Biography, History
Documentary comparing the lives of Queen Victoria and Queen Elizabeth II, neither of whom was expected to become queen, shown on the occasion when the length of Queen Elizabeth's reign ... See full summary »
Writer: Sally Norris | Director: Sally Norris | Stars: Sophie Raworth, Queen Elizabeth II, Kate Williams, Deirdre Murphy
Votes: 9
26. Premiere Bond: Die Another Day (2002 TV Movie)
This TV special covers the London premiere of the 20th James Bond movie, Die Another Day, and the 40th anniversary Bond celebration that coincided with it.
Director: Emma Reynolds | Stars: Julia Bradbury, Pierce Brosnan, Roger Moore, Timothy Dalton
Votes: 58
27. BBC World News (1997– )
30 min | News
Stars: Caroline Hawley, Naga Munchetty, Paul Anderson, Pervez Musharraf
Votes: 78
28. Monarchy: The Royal Family at Work (2007– )
90 min | Documentary
A fly-on-the-wall documentary following the British Royal Family for a year.
Stars: Queen Elizabeth II, Prince Philip, Prince Charles, Cate Blanchett
Votes: 82
29. Churchill's Bodyguard (2005– )
676 min | Documentary
Stars: Winston Churchill, Robert Powell, Walter H. Thompson, John Tradewell
Votes: 33
30. Royal Family (1969)
110 min | Documentary
Writer: Antony Jay | Director: Richard Cawston | Stars: Michael Flanders, Prince Andrew, Prince Charles, Prince Philip
Votes: 8
31. BBC News 8pm Summary (2007– )
3 min | News
International, national and regional news and weather at 8pm.
Stars: Sophie Long, Riz Lateef, Sam Naz, Ellie Crisell
32. The Diamond Queen (2012– )
59 min | Documentary
A landmark documentary series to mark the 60th year of HM Queen Elizabeth II's reign, filmed over a year and a half.
Stars: Andrew Marr, Queen Elizabeth II, Prince Philip, Princess Eugenie
Votes: 65
33. This Week (1956–1992)
Public affairs series probing the news behind the headlines.
Stars: Jonathan Dimbleby, Denis Tuohy, Richard Lindley, Bryan Magee
Votes: 15
34. A Queen Is Crowned (1953)
79 min | Documentary, History
A lavish documentary film of Queen Elizabeth II's Coronation in 1953.
Writer: Christopher Fry | Stars: Laurence Olivier, Queen Elizabeth II, Prince Philip, Queen Elizabeth the Queen Mother
Votes: 68
35. Our Queen (2013 TV Movie)
Feature-length documentary filmed throughout 2012, providing an in-depth portrait of Elizabeth II during her Diamond Jubilee year. Prince Charles and other members of the royal family share... See full summary »
Writer: Robert Hardman | Director: Michael Waldman | Stars: Queen Elizabeth II, Prince Charles, Catherine Duchess of Cambridge, Sarah Lancashire
Votes: 22
36. Die Drehscheibe (1964–1982)
40 min | Music
Stars: Bielefelder Kinderchor, Udo Jürgens, Dunja Rajter, Oldwig Jancke
Votes: 40
37. Posh People: Inside Tatler (2014– )
60 min | Documentary
Documentary which goes behind the scenes at Tatler, the world's oldest magazine, which has been reporting on the lives of Britain's most privileged and powerful for 300 years.
Stars: Laurence Fox, Kate Reardon, Yana Boyko, Kate Brain
Votes: 15
38. Elizabeth R (1992 TV Movie)
107 min | Documentary
Writers: Antony Jay, Edward Mirzoeff | Director: Edward Mirzoeff | Stars: Queen Elizabeth II, Ian Holm
Votes: 17
39. Queen Elizabeth II - The Diamond Celebration (2013)
90 min | Biography
This feature length HD documentary of Queen Elizabeth II's reign is packed with rare archive footage and expert commentary from Robert Lacy, Nicholas Owen, Tim Heald, Ingrid Seward, Gyles Brandreth.
Director: Alan Byron | Stars: Gyles Brandreth, Tim Heald, Robert Lacy, Nicholas Owen
Votes: 12
40. Mein Weg nach Olympia (2013)
85 min | Documentary, Sport
The film director Niko von Glasow undertakes a journey to athletes, who compete at the Paralympic Games in London 2012. He himself is a short-armed avowed hater of sport who cannot ... See full summary »
Writer: Niko von Glasow | Director: Niko von Glasow | Stars: Niko von Glasow, Greg Polychronidis, Matt Stutzman, Christiane Reppe
Votes: 39
41. Party at the Palace: The Queen's Concerts, Buckingham Palace (2002 TV Movie)
180 min | Documentary, Music
Well-known performers accompanied by 12,000 selected members of the public on the lawn of Buckingham Palace to celebrate the Queen's Golden Jubilee.
Director: Geoff Posner | Stars: Atomic Kitten, Tina Barrett, Shirley Bassey, Tony Bennett
Votes: 125
42. ABC 2000: The Millennium (1999 TV Movie)
ABC 2000 was perhaps the most elaborate, complex and ambitious televison program produced. ABCNews placed correspondents and production teams on every continent, anchored by Peter Jennings ... See full summary »
Writer: Noah Kotch | Director: Roger Goodman | Stars: Hank Aaron, Bud Abbott, Christina Aguilera, Alan Alda
Votes: 56
43. Wellington: The Iron Duke (2002 TV Movie)
200 min | Documentary, Biography, War
Writer: Richard Holmes | Director: Jonathan Hacker | Stars: Richard Holmes, Martin Wimbush, Damian Brooke
Votes: 37
44. The Diamond Jubilee Concert (2012 TV Special)
Director: Jeff Winn | Stars: Huw Edwards, Robbie Williams, Rob Brydon, Will.i.am
Votes: 35
45. Windsor Castle: A Royal Year (2005 TV Movie)
180 min | Documentary, Reality-TV
Writer: Robert Hardman | Director: Matt Reid | Stars: Barbara Flynn, Michael Ball, Arnaud Bamberger, Andrew Farquharson
Votes: 93
46. Nuova Guinea, l'isola dei cannibali (1974)
100 min | Documentary, Horror
Writers: Shinjirô Kanazawa, Annibale Roccasecca | Director: Akira Ide | Stars: Prince Philip, Queen Elizabeth II
Votes: 22
47. South Today (1961– )
Stars: Sally Taylor, Tony Husband, Alexis Green, Steve Humphrey
Votes: 8
48. Edward & George: Two Brothers, One Throne (2012)
Writer: Claire Walding | Director: Claire Walding | Stars: Stanley Baldwin, Sarah Bradford, Neville Chamberlain, Winston Churchill
49. Royal Heritage (1977– )
Documentary, History
ROYAL HERITAGE was a series of 13 one hour programs in which the history of Britain was told using the Royal Collections, including all possible artifacts, from castles to Fabergé eggs. It ... See full summary »
Stars: Huw Wheldon, Queen Elizabeth II
50. 20 heures le journal (1981– )
40 min | News
Stars: David Pujadas, Claude Sérillon, Julian Bugier, Nicolas Sarkozy
Votes: 23


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text:
Big businesses often use their influence and resources to boost the traffic and sales of their smaller, subsidiary businesses. But as small business owners, you can also use some of the excitement and inroads they've created in order to help your own business.
TUTORIAL: Starting a Small Business
1. Outpace Big Businesses in Quality
If you know of a big business with a product or service that has a gap in quality that your own product or service can fill, use their gap to help make your business look even more appealing to consumers. It is possible that, in order to fill this gap, the price of your item will be higher. If this is the case, make sure to mention in your marketing where the shortfall is for less expensive versions, how yours makes up for this and why that difference is important to the consumer. (If your business hits a wall, we've got the answer to break through and increase sales and earnings. For more, see 10 Breakout Ideas For Small Businesses.)
2. Provide Better Customer Service
If a big business sets a certain bar for its customer service methods, make it the goal of your small company to exceed those standards. Provide telephone service where the bigger business doesn't, internet service it can't and response times that are much more aggressive. Whatever that company does for customer service, do it better.
3. Take Advantage of Foot Traffic
If you can lease space for your business, then consider doing so in a shopping center that features a big business with a lot of foot traffic. Remember, hanging your shingle isn't always enough. You need to have some idea of how to attract the attention of those who go to the shopping center to shop at the big business. (Make your dream a reality. Find out what you can do to reach this financial goal. For more, see How To Make $1 Million In Your Small Business.)
4. Capitalize on Hype
If the big business is in your sector and has created major buzz for a product or service you sell, then you can use that buzz to help your own business. One way to do this is to identify to whom the big business is marketing, and try to market to the same segment while giving consumers a reason to choose you over the competition, either by impressing them with a lower price, more flexible return policy or better follow-up customer service.
5. Watch the Big Business Marketing Strategies
Take a look at how these big businesses market to their target consumer. Do they use humor, emotions or fear-based marketing tactics? Do they use direct mail, radio, television or cold calling for marketing? While you may have to scale back on the methods used to make them practical for your budget and manpower, you can pick up on some important strategies and approaches. (Depending on the owner's sales and marketing expertise, a relationship with a marketing professional is highly advised. For more, see Small Business: It's All About Relationships.)
6. Create a Complementary Product or Service
Sometimes product development is like the ripple effect. The creation of one new product spurs the need for a whole new set of services and complementary accessories and items. By creating some of these items and offering these services, you can make yourself indispensable to all the individuals who buy the products and create the profits that make the big business "big". One example of this would be the rise in accessories to the many handheld electronic and phone devices currently on the market. Each time a new phone, tablet or laptop hits the market, new decorative carrying cases and screen protectors do too and they aren't all sold by the big business itself.
The Bottom Line
If you are in the same market as a big business, then you are competitors. But big businesses didn't gain their market shares by accident. Watch what the company does right and see if you can't match its attempts. Then, watch what they do wrong and figure out a way to fill those gaps. (Incorporating these steps will help your business thrive in a competitive market. For more, see In Small Business, Success Is Spelled With 5 "C's.")
Stock Analysis
How Yelp Adds Value to Local BusinessesUnderstand how the Yelp platform operates and how it adds value to the business world. Learn about the top five ways Yelp helps small businesses.
Personal Finance
Tips To Improve Chances Of A Small Business LoanEnhance your small business loan eligibility by keeping these important tips in mind.
How Advisors Can Carve Out a Social Media NicheSocial media is a great way for financial advisors to build a brand and potentially generate leads if it's properly used. Here are some tips.
How Aliko Dangote Became the Richest AfricanAn overview of how Aliko Dangote turned a local commodities trading business into a billion-dollar conglomerate.
Investing News
Austin Set to Rival Silicon ValleyOver the years, Austin, Texas has lovingly embraced its quirky reputation with the slogan "Keep Austin Weird." Today, the capital city is attracting several tech startups and investors, making ...
5 Ways Your Small Business Is at Risk for a Cyber AttackSmall business owners think they are immune to hacks because of their size, but they are not. When they find the guard is down, hackers are exploiting common weakness.
Top 3 Most Successful Korean EntrepreneursDiscover the backgrounds of some of the most successful Korean entrepreneurs and information about the companies and projects leading to their success.
Top 5 Most Successful Swedish EntrepreneursUnderstand what makes Sweden a great place for entrepreneurship. Learn about five successful Swedish entrepreneurs who are making big impacts.
Top 3 Most Successful African EntrepreneursDiscover the educational backgrounds and entrepreneurial ventures of some of the most successful and well-known African entrepreneurs.
Essential Tips on Making Your Hobby Your CareerHere are some ways to turn what you love to do for fun into your job.
What types of capital are not considered share capital?The money a business uses to fund operations or growth is called capital, and there are a number of capital sources available. ... Read Full Answer >>
Can I buy insurance to reduce unlimited liability in a partnership?Partnership insurance is actually quite common. Most of the time, partners buy insurance to safeguard against the possibility ... Read Full Answer >>
What are the benefits of financial sampling?Financial sampling allows auditors to approximate the rate of error within financial statements. For accounting purposes, ... Read Full Answer >>
What are the benefits of prorating expenses?When a person prorates expenses between personal and business expenses, he is able to capture the maximum amount of tax benefits ... Read Full Answer >>
What are the responsibilities of the principal in a company?Principals have different roles depending on the nature of an individual business, but the universal responsibility of a ... Read Full Answer >>
What do hard and soft goods in the retail sector refer to?Hard goods and soft goods, also referred to as hardline and softline, designate different types of goods a retailer offers. ... Read Full Answer >>


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Osama hasn't a chance trust me. He is an empty suit, but then again so are his followers. Addle-brained liberals at best.
Sure. Whatever you say. Wait until November and see what you say then. If you are so sure, I'm certain that someone in Vegas will take your bet.


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Relais Piazza San Marco
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The Venice Biennale (My Head Still Hurts)
... Botticielli portraits, Durer woodcuts, Suprematist art, and brand new works are all jumbled up, displayed next to each other. It feels like there's no goal except creating a visually compelling and sensuous experience for the viewer.
And speaking of sensuousness, there's Venice itself. The city is grand and dilapidated and kitschy and imposing and hot. Truman Capote once said, "Venice is like eating an entire box ...
Canals, Bridges and Gondola's- Venice 8th April
... in Venice.
There are narrow alleyways and cobblestone walkways with bridges crossing over canals that lead to meeting areas. We found our accommodation and we're pleased to be able to put our feet up.
Our accommodation is nice with a comfortable bed. Monica our host is a nice attractive helpful lady. We spent a fair while talking with Monica and finding out where to go and places to see.
We ...
Attempting Italian
At a restaurant called Rossopomodoro in Venice, I said "Grazie" to our server and she kindly corrected me saying "Grazie," not "Grazi," with more of an emphasis on the ending have two distinct syllable sounds. Apparently I was not pronouncing it right. I thought "Oh well…at least she was nice about it." Just a couple minutes later at the same restaurant, I asked ...
... glasses of wine (ombres) are 50 cents to 1.50 and we even got a couple free after ordering food at one Bocaro. Usually, a small panini or croqueta, or squid dish will set you back $1 - $3 US. Beware the Bocaros on the main drag. They cost 2-4 times as much.
4) For nicer meals and a splurge, dine at a late lunch and get a set menu (menu di giorno). We got great fresh seafood in 2 courses (sea bass, salmon steak, ...
Greece is still the Word
... sea day saw us play shuffle board again, just the 2 of us this time, attend a couple of shows and some disco dancing. At dinner the food and beverage manager happened to walk past and ask us how we were......the ensuing conversation ended up with complimentary strawberries, dipped in chocolate being sent to our stateroom, special one on one service at breakfast and the "coup d'etate"....We finally shattered their defence and got to the top bloke. "Mr Ken" is the ...


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The Research Report on Feed Mycotoxin Absorbent Market in China helps answer following questions for its readers:
(1) How is the penetration of feed mycotoxin absorbent in feed mills? What livestock varieties and growth stages are mainly used for? What are the dosage and adding costs? How are usage attitudes and evaluations of feed companies for mycotoxin absorbent? How are demand prospects for mycotoxin absorbent in different regions and feed companies with different scales?
(2) How is the penetration of feed mycotoxin absorbent in farms? What is the usage feature of farms for mycotoxin absorbent (use purposes, use pattern, stage of animals, use cost)? How are evaluations? And how are demand prospects?
(3) How are product features, awareness, reputation, market shares and market performance of most popular brands of mycotoxin absorbent?
(4) How big is market potential for mycotoxin absorbent in the future?
Companies profiled in this report include Biomin Feed Additive (Shanghai) Co., Ltd, Alltech Bio-products Co., Ltd, Intervet / Schering-Plough, Pfizer Animal Health (Zoetis), Omega Biotech Shanghai Co., Ltd, Kemin Industries, Inc, Special Nutrients, Inc., USA, Bayer (China) Co., Ltd, Belgium Impextraco and Oil-Dri Corporation of America (AMLAN International).
Comprehensive Table of Contents and more for Research Report on Feed Mycotoxin Absorbent Market in China available at http://www.reportsnreports.com/reports/267368-research-report-on-feed-mycotoxin-absorbent-market-in-china.html .
Explore more reports by Beijing Shennong Kexin Agribusiness Consulting Co., Ltd. (BSNABC) at
|Source: PRWeb
Copyright©2012 Vocus, Inc.
All rights reserved


text:
So basically, I've been looking for a way to clone an object and copy its properties, then add one. Seems silly to create a class, inherit the existing object then have a bunch of this.prop = obj.prop;
I thought there might be an easy way to do this with reflection and looping through the properties of obj to set the properties of 'this'. Thoughts?


text:
By lygsbtd
If posing nude with the whole family seems like a good idea to you, that's a good sign that you probably shouldn't have kids. If you do actually convince your family to go along with the idea, there's about a 98%... more »
Published January 06, 2012 220k views More Info »
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Published January 06, 2012
Categories: Funny Pictures Dumb People Kids Being Awesome
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Christmas in paradise
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Porphyromonas gingivalis-mediated shedding of extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer (EMMPRIN) by oral epithelial cells: a potential role in inflammatory periodontal disease
ABSTRACT Extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer (EMMPRIN) or CD147 is a transmembrane glycoprotein expressed by various cell types, including oral epithelial cells. Recent studies have brought evidence that EMMPRIN plays a role in periodontitis. In the present study, we investigated the effect of Porphyromonas gingivalis, a major pathogen in chronic periodontitis, on the shedding of membrane-anchored EMMPRIN and on the expression of the EMMPRIN gene by oral epithelial cells. A potential contribution of shed EMMPRIN to the inflammatory process of periodontitis was analyzed by evaluating the effect of recombinant EMMPRIN on cytokine and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) secretion by human gingival fibroblasts. ELISA and immunofluorescence analyses revealed that P. gingivalis mediated the shedding of epithelial cell-surface EMMPRIN in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Cysteine proteinase (gingipain)-deficient P. gingivalis mutants were used to demonstrate that both Arg- and Lys-gingipain activities are involved in EMMPRIN shedding. Real-time PCR showed that P. gingivalis had no significant effect on the expression of the EMMPRIN gene in epithelial cells. Recombinant EMMPRIN induced the secretion of IL-6 and MMP-3 by gingival fibroblasts, a phenomenon that appears to involve mitogen activated protein kinases. The present study brought to light a new mechanism by which P. gingivalis can promote the inflammatory response during periodontitis.
Full-textDOI: · Available from: Mark Feldman, Sep 03, 2014
- SourceAvailable from: Mark Feldman[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Cranberry ( Vaccinium macrocarpon ) is known to have a beneficial effect on several aspects of human health. Proanthocyanidins (PACs), the most abundant flavonoids extracted from red cranberry fruits, have been reported to possess antimicrobial, antiadhesion, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties. Recent in vitro studies have shown that cranberry PACs may be potential therapeutic agents for the prevention and management of periodontitis, an inflammatory disease of bacterial origin affecting tooth-supporting tissues. After presenting an overview of cranberry phytochemicals and their potential for human health benefits, this review will focus on the effects of cranberry PACs on connective tissue breakdown and alveolar bone destruction, as well as their potential for controlling periodontal diseases. Possible mechanisms of action of cranberry PACs include the inhibition of (i) bacterial and host-derived proteolytic enzymes, (ii) host inflammatory response, and (iii) osteoclast differentiation and activity. Given that cranberry PACs have shown interesting properties in in vitro studies, clinical trials are warranted to better evaluate the potential of these molecules for controlling periodontal diseases.Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 11/2011; 60(23). DOI:10.1021/jf203304v · 2.91 Impact Factor
Article: Regulation of Matrix Metalloproteinases, Tissue Inhibitor of Matrix Metalloproteinase-1, and Extracellular Metalloproteinase Inducer by Interleukin-17 in Human Periodontal Ligament Fibroblasts[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Under physiological conditions, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are involved in the turnover of periapical tissue, and their activity is tightly regulated by tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs). Disturbances in the balance between MMPs and TIMPs may result in excessive tissue destruction. In addition, the extracellular metalloproteinase inducer (EMMPRIN) capable of inducing MMPs may also play a role in the pathologic processes. This study aimed to investigate the effects of interleukin (IL)-17 on the mRNA expression and protein production of MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-9, MMP-13, TIMP-1, and EMMPRIN through human periodontal ligament cells. The cells were stimulated with IL-17 (1, 10, and 50 ng/mL) for different time periods. The mRNA levels of MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-9, MMP-13, TIMP-1, and EMMPRIN were evaluated via quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis, whereas the protein secretion into the culture medium was assessed via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and zymography analysis. IL-17 significantly up-regulated MMP-1 and MMP-13 mRNA expression but down-regulated MMP-2, MMP-9, and TIMP-1 mRNA expression. Furthermore, IL-17 (50 ng/mL) increased the secreted protein level of MMP-1 and MMP-13 and conversely reduced the level of MMP-2, MMP-9, and TIMP-1. However, IL-17 exerted no effect on EMMPRIN mRNA or protein secretion. This study first reported the ability of IL-17 to regulate MMP and TIMP-1 production through human periodontal ligament cells, a phenomenon that may contribute to periapical tissue destruction.Journal of endodontics 01/2013; 39(1):62-7. DOI:10.1016/j.joen.2012.09.025 · 3.38 Impact Factor


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Win a Guitar Autographed by Jason Aldean
Jason Aldean's 'Night Train to Georgia' DVD is available as of Oct. 15, and the singer is celebrating!
Jason Aldean's 'Night Train to Georgia' DVD is available as of Oct. 15, and the singer is celebrating!
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